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CATALOGUE
OF THE
— BOLLECTIONS IN THE MUSEUM
OF THE
Pharmaceutical Society of Great
7 Britain.
COMPILED BY
E. M. HOLMES, F.L.S.,
Ourator of the Museum.
Rondon :
_ PRINTED FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF
GREAT BRITAIN,
17, BLOOMSBURY SQUARE.
Butler & Tanner,
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PREFACE.
——=f
Tae collections in this museum represent to a certain extent
the history of pharmacy in this country for the last thirty years.
Many of the specimens are those which have at different pe-
riods served to illustrate papers in the Pharmaceutical Journal.
To those papers references have been given, and at the same
time attention has been directed to works where fuller in-
formation may be obtained, preference having been given to
such works as are in the Society’s library, and easy of access
to students.
Of several of the works quoted, more than one edition
exists; the following are the particular editions to which
references have been made :—
Attfield: ‘‘ Chemistry,” 4th edition, 1872.
Bentley : ‘“ Manual of Botany,” 3rd edition, 1873.
Cooley : “Cyclopedia of Practical Receipts,” 5th edition, 1872.
Dana: “ Mineralogy,” 5th edition, 1868.
Fownes: “ Chemistry,” 11th edition, 1873.
“ Histoire des Drogues,”’ 6th edition, 1869-1870.
“ Histoire des Drogues,” 7th edition, 1876 (quoted in Collection
of Animal Materia Medica only).
King: “ American Dispensatory,” 8th edition, 1872.
Pereira: ‘‘ Materia Medica,” 4th edition, 1854-1857.
Pomet : “ History of Drugs,’’ 3rd edition, 1737.
“Treasury of Botany,” new edition, 1874.
Ure: ‘ Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines,’ 6th
edition, 1872.
Wood and Bache: “ United States Dispensatory,” 11th edition,
1858.
_ References have been made to a collection of old English
_
-
a
vi PREFACE.
drugs, to one of Chinese drugs, and to the Hanbury Collection,
with a view to point out that there are in them other similar
specimens which possess a certain degree of interest. Of these
collections, which include drugs not official in any pharma-
copeeia, from China, India, Australia, South America, the Cape
of Good Hope, Western Africa, and Morocco, it is intended to
publish a catalogue hereafter in the form of an appendix.
Throughout the catalogue short notes have been appended
for the guidance of students in their examination ‘of the
specimens, to extend the interest of the collection, and to
stimulate further research.
The arrangement of the natural orders in the Materia
Medica portion of the Museum is that adopted in Bentley’s
‘* Manual of Botany.”
The names printed in italics and inclosed in parentheses
are the common or vernacular names of the specimens or of
the plants from which they are derived.
In the Chemical portion of the catalogue the specimens are
for facility of reference arranged in the following groups :—
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
Non-metallic elements. Tetrad Metals.
Monad Metals. Pentad __,,
Dyad Hexad -
Triad 33 .
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
Hydrocarbons. | Alkaloids.
Alcohols and Ethers. Amides.
Carbohydrates. Oxidation products of Uric
Aldehydes. Acid.
Ketones. Colouring Principles.
Acids. _ Compounds derived from
Artificial Bases. * | the Animal Kingdom.
i
a
ollection AE Asien ‘Materia Medica has been ect
ling ve the classification generally accepted in this
country ; the arrangement of isinglass and galls is necessarily
Rscbvies imperfect, the sources of several varieties being at
— very obscure.
The collection ve eee has been wien in’ ae same
lection, in order to admit of easy reference by those who are
studying chemistry.
It will be observed that some interesting and valuable
_ specimens are without the donor’s name or their own history
information with regard to these is much needed.
Pi) The names of donors are méntioned only when the specimens
are unusually fine or of special interest.
The Curator will be glad to receive references to any papers
of value in home or foreign journals, having an immediate
q bearing on those subjects in connection with which the in-
_ formation is at present incomplete.
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MATERIA MEDICA MUSEUM.
Z os The Specimens marked * in this Catalogue are wnder glass
shades in the Musewm; those marked +, are on the lower shelves in the
cases.
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THALAMIFLORZ.
RANUNCULACEA,
1. Aconrrum Naretius, L. (Aconite, Monkshood, Wolfsbane.)
r a. Root. For mier. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 24.
a b. Seeds.
; Note.—The fresh root has been mistaken for horseradish. P. J.[{1],
: vol. xv., p. 449. It is smaller than that root, dark brown, conical, and
has a numbing taste without the pungency of horseradish. See P. J.
[2], vol. v., p. 317, for Aconella; and P. J. [3], vol. i., pp. 121, 382,
for alkaloids; and Pharmacographia, pp. 9, 10. For cultivation of plant
in England, P. J.[1], vol. x., p.171. For fig. of plant, etc., see Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 6 & 21.
2. Aconitum FrEeRox, Wallich. (Nepaul Aconite, Bish or Bikh.)
a. Root.
b. Stem.
Note.—Root official in the Indian Pharmacopeia. In appearance it
resembles Tampico Jalap, but it is more conical, is marked with the
scars of rootlets, and of the base of the stem, and is paler internally.
The principal alkaloid yielded by this root is pseudaconitine. See P. J.
[3], vol. iv., p. 293,‘and for fig., P. J. [8], vol. i., p. 434; Pharmaco-
graphia, p.12. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, tab. 5.
3. ACONITUM HETEROPHYLLUM, Wall.
; a. Root (Atis or Atees).-
Note.—Official in the Indian Pharmacopoia as a tonic and antiperiodic.
r It contains no aconitia. See Ph. Ind., p.4. Pharmacographia, p. 14,
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 7.
4. Acrma spicata, L. (Baneberry, Herb Christopher.)
a. Rhizome. For micr. section, see Fluckiger, Grundlag. Pharm.
| ‘ Waar., p. 76.
- 7 Note.—The rhizome resembles that of Helleborus niger, with which it
is occasionally mixed. It is less branched than the latter, has more
4 numerous transverse lines upon it, and has a cruciate meditullium.
| P. J. [2], vol. iii., p. 109. It is used in America to make a lotion for
pediculi. For fig. of Rhizome, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxxi., f. 2.
5. Acrma racemosa, L. (Black Snakeroot, Bugbane, Black Oohosh.)
a. Rhizome. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 8. |
Note.—Official in the United States Pharmacopoeia under the name of
Cimicifuga racemosa. It is used in acute rheumatism and nervous
diseases. P. J. [2], vol. ii., pp. 463-464. Pharmacographia, p 16.
. B
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6. Copris ratrou1a, Salish. (Gold Thread.)
a. Root.
Note.—Official in the United States TOA BG A pure bitter tonic
like calumba; probably owing its properties to berberia. Wood and Bache,
Dispens., p. 326; P. J. [3], vol. i., p. 161. Amer. Journ. Pharm., May 1873,
p.193. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 8.
7. Coptis Trexta, Wall.
a. Rhizome (Ooptis, Mishmi Tita).
Note.—Official in the Indian Pharmacopoeia as a tonic. In China it ~
is used under the name of Hwang-lien and Chuen-lien. See Ind. Pharm.,
p. 4. Pharmacographia, p.4. Porter Smith, Mat. Med. Chin., p. 126 (art.
Justicia). It contains 8} p. c. of Berberine.
8. Depninium Srapuisaeria, DL. (Stavesacre.)
a. Seeds. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 4.
b. Oil expressed from the seeds.
9. HeLteporus nicer, L. (Black Hellebore, Christmas Rose.)
a. Rhizome and rootlets preserved wet.
b. Rhizome.
Note.—The root of Actwa spicata may be. detected by its decoction
being blackened by ferrie salts. Vide Actsea spicata, and P. J. [1], vol.
xii., p. 274; Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf.17. For fig. of rhizomes of H. niger,
"gee Gockel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxxi., f.1; and for rhizomes of H. viridis,
L., and H. fotidus, L., pt. ii., taf. xxxii., ff. 2,3. For fig. of H. niger, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 2.
10. Hyprastis Canapensis, L. (Golden Seal, Yellow Puccoon, Yellow
Root, Ground Raspberry.) |
a. Rhizome. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 1.
Note.—Official in the United States Pharmacopwia. A powerful bitter
used in atonic states of the mucous membrane. An available source of
berberia, as it contains 4 per cent. of that alkaloid. P. J. [2], vol. iii.,
pp. 540-546 ; and [3], vol. iii., p. 694.
ll. XanrHoruiza apiirouia, Hérit. (Yellow Root.)
a. Root.
b. Ditto. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Note.—A pure bitter tonic like calumba, and also containing berberia.
Official in the secondary list of the United States Pharmacopeia. P. J.
[2], vol.iv.,p.12. Specimen b is an authentic one collected by Professor
Asa Gray. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 9.
MAGNOLIACEZ,
12. Drimys Winter, Forster. (Winter's Bark; Pepper Bark.)
a. Bark. Presented by Mr. F. J. Hanbury.
b. Section of Trunk.
Note.—The section of the trunk formerly belonged to Robert Brown —
The bark of Drimys Winteri, var. granatensis, sometimes appears in
the English market under the name of pepper bark. The true
Winter’s bark is known from the spurious drug by its very rough inner
surface, by occurring in small pieces, and by being of a red-brown colour.
See Cinnamodendron, p.17 Pharmacographia, p. 17.
oa A =
‘13. Inticrom antsarum, Loureiro. (Star Anise.)
_ a. Fruit. For miecr. section, vide Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 41.
ut b. Essential Oil. (Olewm Badiani.)
Note.—The essential oil resides in the pericarp only. It is distin-
guished from that of aniseed by not congealing at 50° F., but at 34° F.
Pharmacographia, p. 20. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 10. ;
* 14, Lirtopenpron touirrera, L. (Tulip Tree.)
a. Bark.
Note.—Official in the secondary list of the United States Pharma-
copeia. It is a stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic. It is apt to deteriorate
by keeping. Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 517.
15. Macwota eravca, L. (Swamp Sassafras. Beaver Tree.)
a. Bark.
Note.—It possesses similar properties to those of Liriodendron, and
also deteriorates by keeping. Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 528.
16. Maanouia tripetata, L. (Umbrella Tree.)
a. Fruit.
Note.—The fruit is interesting on account of the very long stalk or
funiculus by which the seed remains suspended for some time after the
fruit has dehisced. Treas, Bot., p. 710.
17. Tasmannia arnomatica, R. Br. (Australian Pepper.)
a. Fruit.
Note.—Used in New Holland as a substitute for pepper. Treas. Bot.,
p. 1125. P.J. (1), vol. xv., p. 115.
y ; ANONACE.
< 18. Monopora Myristica, Gaert.
a. Fruit.
Note.—The seeds are known as Jamaica, American, or Calabash
nutmegs, and possess the properties and in some degree the flavour of
nutmegs. Treas. Bot., p. 752.
19. Xytorra Alruiopica, A. Rich. (Habzelia.)
a. Fruit. (Hthiopian Pepper.)
b. Fruit, preserved wet.
' Note.—Used by the natives of West Africa as an aromatic stimulant
and also as an anthelmintic. P.J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 112. For figure, see
.- _ Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 736, 1869.
a 20. Xynopra auapra, L. (The Bitter Wood of the West Indies.)
a. Wood.
Note.—The wood possesses tonic properties. Treas. Bot., p. 1242.
MENISPERMACEZ.
21. ApuTa rurescens, Aublet. (White Pareira Brava, Parreira Brava
Grande, Abutua.)
a. Root and stem. :
b. Flat specimen of the root.
Note.—This may be known from the genuine Pareira Brava by the
-
hh : —
21. Anpura RuFESCENS (continued). ,
medullary rays being white and large in proportion to the porous woody
tissue. Iodine turns a decoction of the root bright blue. Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 29.
22. Anamirta Coccotus, Wight § Arnott; Anamirta PanicuLata,
Oolebrooke. (Cocculus Indicus.)
a. Fruit.
Note.—The fruit resembles bayberries in appearance, but is known by
being slightly depressed on one side and by the crescent-shaped seed.
Picrotoxin is contained in the kernel; menispermia in the shell. For
Detection of Picrotoxin, P. J. [8], vol. v., p. 567. For fig. of plant, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 14.
23. CissampeLos Pargrra, Lam.
a. Root. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Note.—This root is distinguished from that of Chondodendron by hay-
ing only one woody zone, and by not being larger round than the
forefinger. For fig. see P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 102. For fig. of plant, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 15.
24. CHONDODENDRON TOMENTOSUM, R. et P. (Pareira Brava, Butua.)
* a. Specimen of leaves, stem, root, and fruit, mounted in a
glass case. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
b. Fruit, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
c. Root. .
Note.—This specimen (c) originally belonged to Pereira, and is the one
from which the description given in his work is partly taken. Pereira,
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 671. For fig. of fruit, see P. J. [3], vol. iv.,
p. 83. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 11.
d. Root. A very large specimen.
e. Ditto. A commercial specimen.
Note.—Specimen e shows well the dark colour and transverse ridges
characteristic of the true Pareira Brava. For fig. of the root, see P. J. [3],
vol. iv., p. 102. Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xiii., fig. 1.
Iodine gives a bluish black colour with decoction of the root.
f. Stem.
g. Ditto. A commercial specimen.
Specimen f is a portion of prostrate stem, with root on its lower
surface. Specimen g exhibits the paler coloured bark, and the numerous
small warts on the exterior, which, together with the absence of trans-
verse ridges and the presence of lichens, always distinguish the stem
from the root. It is less bitter than the root. P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 911.
For micr. structure of the stem, see P. J. [3], vol. vi., p. 702.
h. Common false Pareira Brava.
Note.—This specimen consists of the stem of an unknown plant. It
is characterised by having an excentric pith, and only one perfect zone
of wood, all the others being incomplete. For fig. see P. J. [3], vol. iv.,
p. 103.
Todine does not give a blue colour with the aqueous decoction of this
stem.
;
HONDODENDRON TOMENTOSUM (continued).
-¢. Inert false Pareira Brava. ,
Note.—This specinien also consists of the stem of an unknown plant.
It is distinguished from specimen h by the pith being in the centre, by the
woody zone being complete, by the absence of bitterness. The exterior
of the stem is not dark, is not marked with transverse ridges, and is not .
cracked. See Pharmacographia, p. 27.
j. Yellow Pareira Brava. ¢
Note.—This specimen has numerous concentric zones of wood, but is at
once distinguished by its yellow colour. See Pharmacographia, p. 30.
25. Coscin1uM FENESTRATUM, Colebr.
a. Root, imported as Calumba Wood.
b. Transverse slices of do.
oe Na Note.—It possesses similar properties to Calumba, and like it contains
_ berberia. It is sold in the bazaars of S. India under the name of Mara-
Munjil. In Ceylon it is called Woniwal and Bangwell-zetta. P.J. (1),
vol. x., p. 821; [1], vol. xii., pp. 185, 188. Ind. Pharm., p. 10.
26. Jarzorruiza Catumpa, Miers, and J. Mrierstt, Oliv.
Note.—Hanbury considers these two species to be identical, and unites
them under the name of J. palmata, Miers. Vide Pharmacographia,
p. 22. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 13.
a. Sections of root. Presented by Mr. Ward.
b. Ditto. Sliced and dried in England. Presented by
Mr. D. Hanbury. Ving
ce. Larger sections.
| d. A commercial specimen.
po Note.—Specimen a was obtained from a plant cultivated in the Man-
ritius in 1837. J. Miersii, Oliver, is the J. palmata, Miers, of the United
’ States Pharmacope@ia. Vide Bryonia, Frasera, Coscinium; for micr.
¥ section, Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf.10. For fig of root, see Goebel und Kunze,
oP * pt. ii., taf. v., fig. 5, b, ¢.
- 27. Menispermum Canapense, Torrey § Gray. (Yellow Parilla, Moon
q Seed, Vine Maple.)
¥ 4 a. Root.
Note.—This root was at one time offered for sale in Philadelphia as
Texan Sarsaparilla. It is a bitter tonic, and contains berberine. Ame-
rican Dispensatory, p. 522. For micr. section of the root, see Amer. Journ.
Pharm., 1855, p. 7.
28. Trvospora corprirouia, Miers.
a. Root and stem. (Gulancha.)
Note.—Official in the Indian Pharmacopeia. Used as a tonic and
restorative. See Ind. Pharm., p. 9. Pharmacographia, p. 32. See
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 12.
£ *%
a
BERBERIDACEZ.
29. Berperis ‘Lyorwm, Royle; B. Artstata, D. 0.; B. Asuumica,
ioe Roxb. (Indian Barberry.)
a. Bark. :
ie ee
6
29. Brrsrris Lycrum (continued). ,
b. Extract of the bark. (Rusot.)
Note.—The root bark is official in the Indian Pharmacopeia. The
Rusot, or watery extract, is used in India as a febrifuge and as an
application to the eyes. Ind. Pharm., p.12. P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 415;
vol. xiii, p. 413. P. J. [2], vol. vii., p. 303. Pharmacographia, p. 33.
For fig. of B. aristata, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 16.
30. CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES, Mich.
a. Rhizome. (Blue Oohosh, Squaw Root.)
Note.—It is used in America as a uterine tonic by the Eclectic prac-
titioners and in domestic practice. P. J. [2], vol. iv., p. 52.
31. Jerrersonra DIPHYLLA, Pers. (Twin Leaf.)
a, Rhizome. (Rheumatism Root.) -
Note.—Used by the Eclectics as a stimulant and diaphoretic in rheu-
matism and syphilitic affections, The leaf offers an instance of the
binate form, hence its name of “twin leaf. ” P.J. [2], vol. iv., p. 104.
American Dispens., p. 459.
32. PopopHyLitum peLratum, DL. (May Apple, Wild Lemon, Black
Cohosh, Racoon Berry.)
a. A Rhizome. (American Mandrake Root.)
b. Resin (“ Podophyllin’’).
P. J. [1], vol. xviii., p. 179; [2], vol. iii., pp. 331-457 ; is, vol. vi.,
pp. 155-244; [8], vol.i., p. 605; [8], vol. iii., p. 161. For fig. of plant,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 17.
NELUMBIACEA.
33. NeLumpium speciosum, Willd.
a. Fruit.
Note.—The fruit is remarkable on account of the carpels being
immersed in the thalamus. The seeds are edible, and have been sup-
posed to be the lotus beans of Egypt. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 276, and
fig. 649. Treas. Bot., p. 781. ‘
SARRACENIACEZA.
34. SARRACENIA PURPUREA, LZ. (Side-saddle flower.)
a. Rhizome.
b. Rhizome and leaves.
c. Perfect leaves. Presented by Mr. F. H. Peck.
Note.—The rhizome was at one time stated to be a specific for
small-pox, but was found to be useless. The leaves (c) present an
example of the ascidium, or pitcher. P.J. (2], vol. iv., p. 294. Bentley,
Man. Bot.,.p. 175, fig. 383.
PAPAVERACEA.
35. ARGEMONE Mexicana, L.
a. Seeds.
b. Oil expressed from ditto. °
Note.—The oil has been recommended to be taken in the early stage
of cholera. P. J. [1], vol..xii., p. 292; [1], vol. xiii., p. 642.
6. asics Ruaas, L
¢ a. Petals.
b. Syrup.
Note.—The petals do not contain morphia. P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 20.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 19.
’ $7. Papaver somnirerom, L.
a. Capsules.
b. Small capsules.
ce. Ditto, showing horizontal incisions as made in Asia
Minor. See P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 396; for fig., ete.
d. Ditto, showing vertical incisions as made in India.
+, Note.—These incisions are made in India by three or six pieces of
flattened wire tied together into a kind of scarificator. See P. J. (1),
vol, xi., p. 207, for fig. of instrument.
; e. Seeds, white.
f. Ditto, black. (Maw seed.)
Note.—The maw-seed of commerce is the seed of the black variety
of the plant. The seeds of the black variety have one end larger than
the other, and are a little pointed. For micr. section, vide Berg, Anat.
Atlas, taf. 46. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 18.
g. Smyrna Opium. See P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 474; [1], vol. xiv.,
p. 395.
h. Ditto, made in 1808.
. i. Egyptian. Presented by Mr. Davenport,
: Note.—Specimen k is an unusually good one, containing 9°66 per cent.
of morphia. It is wrapped in radiate-veined leaves, supposed to be those
, of the oriental plane-tree. As now met with, it is generally wrapped in
g poppy leaves. Egyptian opium is known by its reddish colour, musty
odour, and remaining soft when kept, but it varies much in consistence
and purity. See P. J. [2], vol. iv., p. 199.
j. Constantinople Opium.
k. Ditto.
Note.—Specimen k belongs to the small or lenticular variety, which
is not now known in commerce as a distinct kind. It belonged to Dr.
Pereira’s collection. The larger variety, which has rumex fruits on it, and
* differs only from Smyrna opium in being more mucilaginous, containing
less morphia, and occurring more frequently in flattened cakes, is the
variety which chiefly occurs in English commerce. Royle, Mat. Med.,
p. 803; Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 710.
l. Persian stick opium, or Trebizonde opium. P. J. [2],
vol. ii., p. 270.
m. Persian opium, in conical er weighing about half
a pound each.
n. Ditto ditto wrapped in paper.
Note.—Specimen m is remarkable for the quantity of oil it contains,
which gives it an odour resembling that of linseed oil. It is without
poppy leaves or rumex capsules, and is generally packed in a kind of
oe We. ee RR a Oe
Es — - « - id >
37. PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM (comtisusll).
chaff made of comminuted poppy leaves. It yields from 8 to 10 per ouaits
of morphia. P. J. [3], vol. iii., p. 883; Pharmacographia, p- 46. P. J.
[3], vol. vi., pp. 721, 890. Specimen nis richer in morphia than speci-
men m.
o. Indian opium.
p. Part of a ball of Patna opium, wrapped in poppy petals,
‘collected in the year 1837.
q. Garden Patna opium. Presented by Dr. Christison.
r. Ditto, ditto, enclosed in mica plates, with an outer
covering of wax.
s. Malwa opium. Presented by Dr. Christison.
t. Benares opium, 1837-8.
w. Candeish Opium.
Note.—Specimens i, j, 0, p, 7, 7, 8, t, u, and «, are from Dr. Pereira’s
collection. For Indian opiums, vide P. J. [1], vol. xi., pp. 205, 269,
306, 359; [8], vol. iv., p. 652.
v. English opium.
w. Bad opium.
Note.—It has an odour like liquorice, and remains soft and sticky.
Pod. (1), vol.1.; p: Ol.
2. Spurious opium. Presented by Mr. Wells.
y. Smyrna opium, showing crystals said to be meconate
of morphia. Presented by Mr. Horsely.
38. Sanaurnarta Canapensis, ZL. (Blood Root, Red Puccoon.)
a. Rhizome. For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxi., fig. 3-
Note.—Official in the United States Pharmacopwia. It is used asa
stimulant to the liver, as an alterative, and as a local application to
fungous growths. It resembles Tormentil root in appearance, but is
not pitted externally, and has not the astringent taste of that root.
P. J. [1], vol. xvii., p. 8312; [2], vol. i. p.454; [2], vol. iv., p. 263. For
fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 20.
FUMARIACE.
39. Dicenrra rormosa. Borkh. § Gray. (Turkey Corn, Turkey Pea,
Stagger Weed, Choice Dielytra.) A
a. Tubers.
b. Leaves.
Note.—Also known under the name of Corydalis formosa. It is used
as a tonic alterative and diuretic in scrofulous and cutaneous affections,
but chiefly by the Eclectics of America. P. J. [2], vol. iv., p. 353.
Amer. Dispensatory, p. 300. For+Corydalia see Amer. Journ. Pharm.,
1855, p. 205; 1861, p. 112. .
- CRUCIFERA.
40. Carpamine pratensis, DL. (Ouckoo Flower, Ladies’ Smock.)
a. Flowers.
Note.—The flowers were formerly used as a diuretic and cirtininaliaiin
in chorea and spasmodic asthma, ete. .
+
>,
D1
a: Bosds,
a b. Farina of the seed.
, a _Note.—For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 23. .
“4 ca venerens wiara, DL. ; Brassica niaRa, Koch. (Black Mustard.) |
a. Seed. — i
-b. Oil expressed from ditto. See P. J. [1], vol. ix., p. 81.
c. Essential oil. See P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 76.
d. Farina of the seed.
e. Genuine flour of mustard, as supplied by Messrs.
Fraser & Green.
jf. A commercial sample.
_g. Husks of the seed separated.
4
oa h. Mustard cake.
; Note.—The last four specimens were used in illustration of Mr.
A Greenish’s paper on Mustard, and were presented by him. Vide P.J.
4
[3], vol. iii., p. 782; Pharmacographia, p. 61; for mier. section, vide
Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xlvi., fig. 124. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 22.
43. Srvapis yuncga, L.; Brassica suncea, Hook. f.
a. Seed. (Indian Mustard Seed, Rai, Brown Mustard Seed.)
Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Note.—For an account of this seed see Pharmacographia, p. 64; Ind.
Pharm., p. 25.
CISTACEZ.
44. Cistus Creticus, L. (Gum Cistus, Rock Rose.)
a. Leaves and fruit.
| . 6. Gum Labdanum, genuine. Presented by Mr. Winstanley.
“ . ¢. Ditto, in irregular masses. From Professor Guibourt.
1 d. Ditto, in coils. From Messrs. Horner.
. f Note.—Formerly used as a ‘stimulant and expectorant, and still used
~~. in Turkey in fumigation. P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 349. Treas. Bot., p, 289.
For fig. of ‘plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, fig. 24.
' BIXACEA.
45.. Brxa Oreciana, LD.
> a. Fruit.
— e. b. Seed.
; c. Roll annatto.
Note.—Annatto is made from the coating of reddish pulp which
surrounds the seeds. P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 349; [2], vol. i., p. 185.
Treas. Bot., p. 146.
46. Gynocarpia oporata, R. Br.
a. Seed. (Chaulmugra Seed.) —
. Rall UMMNRI Aldhib Gaah CPiaetansopeiin; and.necd. ic Todas iba 6
prere remedy for leprosy. See Ind. Pharm.,pp. 26, 440; Pharmacographia,p.70. _
er eee mvt Med. Plans, tn 28. ~
ay
Lo
10
VIOLACEZ.
47. Ionrp1um Iprcacuanna, LD. (Woody Ipecacuanha, Poaya branca ~
48
50
51
(Brazil), Poaya de Praja.) — f
a. Root. False Brazilian Ipecacuanha.
Note.— Used as an emetic in Brazil. The branched character of the
root, its pale colour, and the absence of annular rings, readily distinguish
it from Ipecacuanha. P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 970. For fig. see Hist. des
Drog., vol. iii., p. 98.
. [oNIDIUM MICROPHYLLUM, Poir. (Ouichuncully de Cwenga.)
‘a. Root.
Note.—It is used in Venezuela as a remedy for tubercular elephantiasis.
It possesses emetic and purgative properties. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 428.
Treas. Bot., p. 625. :
. Viota oporata, DL.
a. Flowers.
b. Syrup. .
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 25.
CARYOPHYLLACEA.
. GypsopHita Srruruium, L. (Hgyptian: Soap Root.)
a. Root. .
Note.—It contains saponine, and is used in Spain, etc., for its detergent
properties. It looks much like scammony root, but is not resinous.
MALVACEA.
. ALTH#A orFictnaLis, L. (Marsh Mallow; Guimauve, F.)
a. Flowers.
b. Herb.
c. Root. For mier. section, vide Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 11.
d. Ditto, preserved wet.
e. Decorticated root.
Note.—The plant may be distinguished from Malva sylvestris by its
pale pink flowers and downy leaves not cordate at the base. The root
resembles elecampane, but may be readily distinguished by the transverse
marks and fibrous structure. Its fibrous structure also distinguishes it
from belladonna, with which it has been found mixed. P.J. [3], vol. iv.,
p. 811. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 35.
‘
52. ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS, Guill. & Perr.
a. Fan made from the leaves.
b. Seeds.
c. Necklace made from the seeds.
Note.—‘‘ The fan is made from the leaves of a plant called Ahoomneha,
and the necklace of the seeds of a plant called Incroma-hom, in the Fantee
language. Presented by Mr. J. Smith, a native of the Gold Coast, and
formerly a pupil in the Laboratory, P.S.G.B.” In the East and West
Indies, the young and green fruits, which are edible and are used to
thicken soups, etc., are known under the names of Ochro, Gobbo,
Gombo, Bandikai, etc. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 435; Pharmacographia, p. 86.
li . Ne
3. Gossyrrum HERBAcEM, L. (Cotton Tree.) |
a. Capsules, seeds, and cotton. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 435.
b. Oil expressed from the seeds. P. J. (2), vol. iii., p. 30;
y P.. (3), vol. ii., p. 867.
a ec. Cotton-seed cake. P. J: [2], vol. iii., p. 485.
: * Note.—The root bark is official in the United States Pharmacopeia,
and is used as asafe parturient and emmenagogue. Wood and Bache,
p. 432, 12th ed. The oil of the seeds is used to adulterate olive oil,
to which it imparts its drying quality. P.J. [2], vol. vii., p. 226.
For difference between cotton and linen fibre, see P. J. [1], vol. iii.,
p. 851; (1), vol. x., p. 243; and for fig., P. J. (3), vol.i., p. 353. For
alkaline compounds, see P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 429. For fig. of cotton
, plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 37.
+54, Matva sytvesrris, D. (Common Mallow.)
L- a. Flowers.
b. Root, preserved wet.
Note.—The tincture or infusion of the flowers serves as atest for acids
and alkalies like litmus. The root and herb are sometimes substituted
for those of Althwa officinalis.
STERCULIACEA.
55. Apansonia piairata, L. (Baobab Tree, Ethiopian Sour Gourd,
Monkey Bread.)
t+ a. Section of stem.
b. Fruit.
Note.—The fibres of the stem are made into ropes. The juice of the
fruit is acidulous, and is used in Africa as a specific for putrid fevers.
Treas. Bot., p. 17.
56. Srercunia acuminata, DL.
a. Fruit. (Kola Nuts.) Presented by Dr. Daniell.
_ Note.—The seeds are remarkable for containing theine. In Congo
(West Africa) it is known under the name of Makasso. It is the Guru
nut of Soudan. It is also used by the natives in diarrhcea and affections
of the liver, as well as a beverage. See P. J. [2], vol. vi., pp. 450-457.
_ Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 439.
57. Srercunia Tracacantua, Linpt. (African Tragacanth.)
a. Gum.
- _ Note.—This gum contains bassorin, and swells up in water like
4 tragacanth. P. J. [1], vol. xv., p. 58. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 439.
A . | BYTTNERIACE.
: _ 58. Tuzoproma Cacao, L. (Cocoa Tree.)
a. Fruit.
b. Seeds.
: _¢. Concrete oil, expressed from the seeds. (Cacao butter.)
___ d, Ditto, in flattened cakes.
* ---Note—This tree must not be confounded with the tree which yields
_. the cocoa-nut, and which belongs to the Palmacew. Vide Cocos nucifera.
sors! fe 7 ema See Bentley and Trimen,
mete temetr, Sab 99.
eu
12
TILIACEA.
59. Tra Evropma, L. (Linden, or Lime Tree.)
a. Flowers. :
Note.—The flowers are still used in France in the form of Tisane and ~
distilled water, as an antispasmodic. Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 635. :
L’ Officine, p. 949. The: flowers, as well as the leaves and bark, were
formerly officinal in this country. Ph. Lond., 1724, p. 159. .
DIPTERACE A.
60. DipreRocaRPUS TURBINATUS, Gaert, and other species.
a. Oleoresin. (Gurjun Balsam, Wood Oil, Gurgun Oil.)
Note.—Official in the Indian Pharmacopeia. It is used in India in-
stead of balsam of copaiba. It is also used in India as a varnish. P.J.
[1], vol. xv., p. 321. Ind. Pharm. app., p.441. Pharmacographia, p. 81.
Tt has lately been used in the ctre of leprosy. P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 65 ;
[3], vol. v., p. 729.
61. DryopaLanops AROMATICA, Gaert.
a. Section of stem from Sumatra. From Dr. De Vriese.
b. Fruit, preserved wet.
c. Stearoptene. (Borneo Camphor.)
Note.—This camphor is found in the wood in fragments, and is
remarkable for not subliming at the ordinary temperature of the air.
Hook. Journ. Bot., vol. iv., pp. 33-202. P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 710.
Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 444. For fig. of crystals, see P. J. [1], vol. xii.,
p. 302; [3], vol. iv., p. 710.
TERNSTRGMIACEA.
62. TuEea Curensis, Sims.; Cametuia Tura, Link.
a. Leaves.
b. Green tea.
c. Black tea.
d. Oil expressed from the fruit.
Note.—Black and green tea are probably derived from the same plant ;
but Assam tea is the product of Thea Assamica. Bentley, Man. Bot.,
p. 446. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 34.
GUTTIFERZ.
63. CaLopHyLttum Catapa, Willd.
a. Bark.
b. Resin. (Hast Indian Tacamahaca.)
Note.—This specimen is labelled ‘‘ This is the Animi Tasatnabien of
Batka.” See P. J. [8], vol. vi., p. 742. It is used as an application to
indolent ulcers. Specimen b reseitibles some varieties of Olibanum, —
and gives off a similar odour when heated. It also has neues’ of
' papery bark attached to it. P
Note-—The pericarp is used,in India as an astringent in~ dysentery
and diarrhea. Indian Pharm., p. 81. At one time this fruit was sub-
stituted for Indian Bael, from which it may be known by its stellate
stigma and softer structure. P. J. [2] vol. viii., p. 654.
65. Garcinia Morecta, var. pepicettAta, Desrous.
* «ll
t a. Section of stem.
b. Ditto, showing gamboge exuding from the bark.
ec. Roll gamboge of good quality.
d. Ditto, one piece enclosed in bamboo.
e. Pipe gamboge from Siam, inferior quality.
+ f. Fine specimen of pipe gamboge.
See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 448. P. J. [1], vol. vi., p. 60; [1], vol.
viii., p. 398; [1], vol. x., p. 235; [2], vol. vi, p. 349; [3], vol. ii., p.
848; [3], vol. iv., p. 803. For fig. of plant, B. é T., Med. Plants, tab. 33.
66. Garcinia puRPUREA, Roxb. (Kokum Butter.)
: a. Concrete oil expressed from the seeds. .
Note.—Official in the Indian Pharmacopeia. It has been recom-
mended for use in ointments and suppositories. It melts at 98° F.
Ind. Pharm., p. 31. Pharmacographia, p. 80. P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 65.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 32.
67. Catysaccion LonairoLium, Wight.
wee a. Unexpanded flower buds.
: _ Note.—These flower-buds form the Nag-kassar of the Indian bazaars,
: j under which name the flowers of Mesua ferrea, L., are also sold. P. J. [1],
q ; vol. x., pp. 449, 597; and for fig., [1], vol. xii., p. 62. Bentley, Man.
Bot., p. 448. See collection of Indian Drugs.
/
; a ~
4 RHIZOBOLACEA.
| 68. Caryocar Buryrosum, Willd:
a. Fruit (Souart Nuts.) Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 451.
Note.—These nuts are yielded also by C. nuciferum, L. They yield a
bland oil. P. J. [1], vol. xi., p.158. For fig. of the nuts, ete., see
Treas. Bot., p. 229.
7 SAPINDACEA.
69. Pavutrnta sorpitis, Mart.
a. Guarana, in roll. (Brazilian Cocoa.)
b. Ditto, powdered.
c. Seeds. Presented by Dr. Symes.
- Note.—It is used in sick headache, but sometimes purges violently.
It contains theine and saponin; to the latter its occasional irritant
effects are probably due. See P. J. [3], vol.i., p. 221; [3], vol. iii.
ar Guarana consists of the crashed nuclei of the seeds, For fig. of
the plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 67.
-
~
a
14
70. Saprnpus Saponaksa, L. (W. Indian Soap Tree, Black Nicker Tree.)
a. Root. Presented by Mr. Edwards.
b. Fruit. (Soap Berries.)
c. Seeds.
Note.—The pericarps contain saponin, and are used in the W. Indies
by laundresses. They are said to be as efficacious as sixty times their
weight of soap. See P. J. [1], vol. vii., p. 225. The seeds are from
the International Exhibition of 1851, and are contributed by Mr. Geo.
Ross, of Ruimveld River, Demerara, where they are used for necklaces,
bracelets, and other ornaments.
POLYGALACEA.
71. Potyegata Seneaa, ZL.
a. Root. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 29.
Note.—Easily distinguished from other roots by the keel which pro-
jects from the concave side of the root.. Pharmacographia, p. 72. ‘For
micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 8. See Panax quinquefolium:
KRAMERIACEA.
72. KRAMERIA TRIANDRA, BR. et P.
a. Root. (Peruvian or Payta Rhatany.)
b. Ditto. Fine specimen.
c. Extract. P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 82.
d. Ditto. “Thought by Guibourt to be the product of
some species of acacia of S. America, of which an
account was published in the Journal de Pharmacie.”
Note.—The extract is said to be extensively used to give astringency
and colour to artificial port wine. Pharmacographia, p. 74. For fig. of
root, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. iv., fig. 2.
"73. KRAMERIA TOMENTOSA, St. Hilaire. (K. Ivina B. granatensis, Tried )
a. Root. (Savanilla, or New Granada Rhatany.)
b. Ditto. A commercial specimen.
Note.—This rhatany generally occurs in short pieces, on account of
being very brittle when fresh. Its pale purplish hue when seen in mass,
smooth surface, and transverse cracks, as well as the thickness of the
bark of the root, distinguish it from Peruvian rhatany. It is said to be
more astringent than the latter. See P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 420; [2],
vol. vi., p. 460. Botanische Zeitung, Oct. and Noy., 1856. For Paré
Rhatany, see P. J. [3], vol. i., p. 84; [8], vol. vi., p. 21. For fig. of K.
triandra and K. Ixina, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tabs. 30, 31.
ACERACEAi.
74. AcER SACCHARINUM, L. (Sugar Maple.)
a. Crude juice. See P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 115.
b. Maple sugar. See P. J.-[1], vol. xvii., p. 324.
7° _ MALPIGHIACEA.
75, ecoticns sisativin, H. B.
a. Bark. (Alcornoque Bark.)
Note.—American Alcornoque bark is derived from other species of
Byrsonima as well as from B. laurifolia, and also from Bowdichia
virgilioides. It is used in tanning. Alcornoque is the Spanish name
for the cork oak. See Bentley, Man. Bot., pp. 459 and 498. P.J. {1}, vol.
vi., p. 862. For fig. of bark, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. i., ff. 5-8.
ERYTHROXYLACEA.
76. Erytaroxyton Coca, Lam.
a. leaves. (Coca, Ypadu.)
Note.—These leaves are used by the natives of Brazil to allay hunger
and diminish fatigue. See P. J. [1], vol. ii, p. 660; [1], vol. xiii.,
p. 224; [1], vol. xiv., pp. 162, 213; [2], vol. i., p. 616. For Cocaine,
see Watts’ Dict. Chemistry, vol. i., p. 1059; Supplt., i., p. 479. P. J.
[3], vi., p. 883. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 40.
CEDRELACEZ.
77. CepRELA FeBriruaa, A. de J. Meliac.
a. Bark. See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 461.
Note.—It is used as an astringent and febrifuge. For fig. of the bark,
see Goebel und Kunze, pt.i., taf. xxxi., ff. 7, 8, 9.
78. Sormipa repriruaa, Juss. (Red Wood Tree, Baxtord Cedar.)
’ a. Bark. (Rohun Bark.) .
Note.—Official in the Indian Pharmacopeia. It is used in diarrhea
and in intermittent fevers ; also as a local astringent like oak bark. Nux
vomica bark is sometimes met with in the Calcutta bazaars under this
name. See P. J. [1], vol.i., p. 575; [1], vol. xi., p. 420; Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 137. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. ¢ Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 63.
MELIACEA,
79. Carapa Gurineensis, G. Don. -
- a. Stem.
b. Seeds.
c. Concrete oil expressed from the seeds. (Tullicoona or
_ Kundah Oil.)
Note.—The specimen of oil is from the district of Assin, on the Gold
Coast, on the frontiers of the kingdom of Ashantee. See P.J. [1], vol.
ii., pp. 341, 342. It is purgative and anthelmintic, and is also used as
lamp oil. This plant is believed by Oliver to be identical with Carapa
Guianensis, Aubl.
80. Carapa Guianensis, Aubl.
a. Concrete oil expressed from the seed. (Orab Oil.) »
Note.—This specimen is from the International Exhibition of 1851.
See Catalogue No. 53. Contributed by Mr. J. 8, Stutchberry, River
Essequibo, British Guiana. It is used in the colony for burning, and as
hair oil to prevent the hair turning grey. P. J. (1), vol. xi., p. 160.
te
16 ;
81. Carapa Motuccensis, Lam.; Xytocarpus GRanatum, Kon. ;
a. Seeds. Presented by Dr. F. J. Farre.:
Note.—The seeds are very bitter, and are used in Borneo in intermittent
fever.
82: Meria Azeparacu, L. (Bead Tree.)
a. Bark.
Note.—The root bark is used as an anthelmintic in America. See
American Dispensatory, p. 520. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 62.
83. Mena Inpica, Brandis; Mutia Azaprracuta, L.; AZADIRACHTA
Inpica, Juss.
a. Bark. (Cortex Azadirachte, Nim Bark, Margosa Bark.)
Note.—This tree is sometimes confounded with Melia Azedarach, L.
It differs in having a simple fruit (by abortion) and pinnate leaves ;
Melia Azedarach has a five-celled fruit and bi-pinnate leaves, Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 136. The bark and leaves are official in the Indian Pharma-
copeeia, the bark as a tonic, and the leaves, in the form of poultice, as an
application to ulcers. See Ind. Pharm., pp. 54, 443.
AURANTIACEA.
84. Bioux Marmetos, Correa. (Indian Bael, Bilva Tree, Bengal
Quince.)
a. Fruit. The pulp is modelled in wax.
Entire Fruit.
The fruit, sliced and dried.
Ditto, commercial specimen.
Thin sheets formed of the dried pulp. Presented by
Mr. J. G. Gould.
f. Bark. ‘
g. Gum obtained from the fruit.
Note.—The fruit is stated by Hanbury and Fliickiger not to contain
tannin. See Pharmacographia, p.117. For fig. of fruits, &., see P. J.
[1], vol. x., p. 166; of plant, Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 55.
.
es Ue >
85. Cirrus BEerGAMIA, var. VULGARIS, Risso et Poiteaw. (Bergamot
Orange.)
a, Fruit preserved wet.
b. Rind of fruit. For micr. section see Berg, Anat: Atlas, taf. 45.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 52.
86. Cirrus Biearapia, N. Duham.
a. Flower buds. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 50.
b. Immature fruit.
c. Ditto, turned and perforated. (Issue Peas.)
d, Rind of fruit. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas,
taf, 45. :
British Guiana. P, J. 11,
-*
8 } ‘Crrrvs Linonum, Risso. #
ox a. Fruit, preserved wet.
; b. Rind. ‘
ce. Essential oil from ditto. For fig. of the plant, see > Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 54.
; 99. Feronta Evepuantom, Correa.
Y a, Fruit. (Elephant Apple. Wood Apple.)
. 5 b. Gum from ditto.
| ye + c. Section of stem.
) Note.—This is the Gomme de l’Inde of Prof. Gulbourk. Some of the
gum arabic of India is probably derived from this tree. See Bentley,
fs Man, Bot., p. 466. Pharmacographia, p. 117.
VITACEZD.
90. Viris vintrera, LD.
a. Fruit, preserved wet.
b. Grape-sugar.
CANELLACE.
91. Canetia aLBa, Murr.
a. Bark. a
b. Branch.
j
i
;
Note.— Specimen b has “the outer layer of bark partially removed, so
as to show the inner bark, which is the part exported.” Presented by
. Mr. Lees. See P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 290. Goebel und Kunze, vol. i.,
taf. iii., fig. 1-4. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 26.
92. CINNAMODENDRON cortTicosuM, Miers.
a, Fine specimen. (False Winter’s Bark.)
+ b. Entire bark.
: _. ¢€, Outer layer of bark removed.
Note.—This tree yields the bark now known in commerce as “ Winter's
- bark.” It resembles Canella.both in colour and taste, but is darker on
both surfaces, and contains tannin. For fig. of bark see Goebel und Kunze,
taf, iii., ff. 5, 6,7. The true Winter’s bark is yielded by Drimys Winteri,
Forst., and is at once distinguished by its very rough inner surface and
1. ibd tent eplott. See P. J. [1], vol. xviii., p. 503. Bentley, Man. Bot.,
sp. 468, For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 27.
: a. RUTACEA.
j« Banonuh verviznas Bactl and Wendl. |
C & Leave gig holga igh: tab. 45.
o
*
”
AG:
18
94, BarosMa crenuLata, Hook.
a. Leaves. For fig., see Bentley & Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 46.
b. Branchlets and leaves.
95. BarosMA SERRATIFOLIA, Willd.
a. Leaves. For fig., see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 47.
Note.—Barosma crenulata must not be confounded with Diosma
crenata, L., which is a synonym for Barosma betulina.
96. Dicramnus Fraxinetia, Lam. (False Dittany.)
a. Root.
Note.—Formerly much used as a tonic, diuretic, antispasmodic, and em-
menagogue. For fig. of root see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxviii., f. 2.
97. GALIPEA Cusparn, St. Hilaire.
a. Bark. (Ousparia Bark, Angustuwra Bark, Quina de Caroni.)
Note.—By some authors Cusparia bark is attributed to Galipea Cuspa-
ria, and Angustura bark to G. officinalis, Hancock; but Farre and Don
decided the two were the same. Hanbury also considered both plants to
be identical. Pharmacographia, p.97, note. Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 43.
The bark of G. officinalis is official in the United States Pharmacopeia
under the name of Angustura bark. Under a lens the transverse frac-
ture of Cusparia bark shows a number of white points or minute lines,
not present in Nux Vomica bark, with which it was at one time adulter-
ated. See P. J. (3), vol. iii., p. 663. Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 116.
- Journ. Pharm., 1836, p. 662. P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 681. See Nux
Vomica Bark, p. 93. For fig. of Cusparia bark, see Goebel wnd Kunze,
pt. i., taf. ii, fig. 1-4. . ;
98. Pruocarpus species. (Pernambuco Jaborandi.)
a. Leaves. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 48.
b. Stem, root, and fruits.
c. Bark of the stem.
Note.—The word Jaborandi is used in South America as a generic term
for several different plants possessing sialogogue and diaphoretic pro-
perties. For figure and description of Pernambuco Jaborandi see P. J.
[3], vol. v., pp. 583, 641, 838; for its active principles, P. J. [3], vol. v.,
pp. 826, 965; vol. iv., p. 911; for its physiological action, P. J. [3], vol.
iv., p. 850; vol. v., pp. 464, 561. For fig. of leaf, etc., of Serronia Jabo-
randi, Guill., see Archiv. der Pharmacie, November, 1875, p. 416; and
for Serronine, P. J. [3], vol. v., p. 1034, For other plants used under the
name of Jaborandi, see Piper species in this catalogue, Martius’ Syst. Mat.
Med. Brazil., p. 100, and L’Union Pharmaceutique, June, 1874, p. 183.
Prevea trirouata, L. (Shrub Trefoil, Wing Seed, Wafer Ash.)
a. Root bark, and ptelein. Presented by Prof. W. Procter.
Note.—The root bark is used to a limited extent in America, by the
Eclectics, as a stimulant tonic in intermittent fevers. See P. J. [1), vol.
Xvi., p. 272; [2], vol. iv., p. 494.
100. Rura craveotens, L. (Rue. Herb of Grace.)
a. Root, preserved wet.
; 19
: 1 00. RuTA GRAVEOLENS ((cottinusd), :
___, Essential oil from the herb.
102.
/
q
108.
Note.—Official in the Indian Pharmacopeia, p. 40. Formerly much
used in this country as a stimulant and deobstruent. It was also sup-
posed to ward off pestilence. See Treas. Bot., p. 1001. For fig. of the
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 44.
(101. Xanrnoxyton crava-Hercouis, DL.
a. Stem.
b. Bark.
c. Enlarged prickles from stem.
Note.—The bark is used in the West Indies for malignant ulcers, and
is used both externally and internally as an alterative in syphilis. It is
official in the secondary list of the United States Pharmacopeia, under
the name of X. Carolinianum. The prickles are worthy of notice on
account of their extraordinary development. The specimen b accord-
ing to Prof. Bentley, is probably that of X. Carolinianum, Lam., which is
apparently a variety of X. fraxineum growing in the Southern States.
See P. J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 271.
XANTHOXYLON FRAXINEUM, Willd. (Prickly Ash, Toothache Shrub.)
a. Stem.
b. Bark.
ce. Fruit.
Note.—The bark is used in the United States as a permanent arterial
stimulant, and as an alterative in syphilis andrheumatism. It resembles
Guaiacum in its stimulant action, but is more permanent. The bark
resembles that of Pomegranate root bark, but nitric acid colours it red,
while it does not affect Pomegranate root bark. See P. J. [2], vol. iv.,
p. 399.
CORIARIACEZ.
CorIARIA MYRTIFOLIA, L.
a. Leaves. ‘:
Note.—The leaves of this plant are sometimes found in Senna, on the
Continent, but not in this country. They are poisonous. They may be
readily detected by having three well marked veins, the two outer of
which are situated near the margin of the leaf. For fig. of leaf, see Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 356, fig. 67.
SIMARUBACE.
104, Prorawa Eexcersa, Lindl. (Jamaica Ash, Jamaica Quassia.)
a. Section of stem.
b. Young branches. Presented by Dr. Lindley.
c. Bark.
d, Shavings of the wood.
Note.—For occurrence of sulphate of soda in this wood, see P. J. [1},
vol, xiii., p. 642. For micr. section of wood, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf.
_ 26, fig. 68. For fig. of bark, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. xxxi.,
ff. 3,4. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 57.
°- ‘
a
105. Quassta Amara, L. (Surinam Quassia.)
106.
107.
108.
109.
20
a. Leaves and branchlets, preserved wet. Presented by
Professor Bentley.
b. Wood.
Note.—The wood of this tree was formerly imported as Quassia, which
is now derived from Picrena excelsa, Pharmacographia, p.119. For
micr. section of wood, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 26, fig. 62. For fig.
of bark, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. xxxi., ff. 3-6.
Samapera Inpica, Gaertn. (Karinghota, 8. W. India, Samadera-
gass, Ceylon.)
a. Bark,
Note.—The bark is remarkable for its intense bitterness, and for
containing a bitter principle which gives a violet-red coloration with
concentrated sulphuric acid. See P. J. [3], vol. v., pp. 541, 644, 654.
The kernels of the fruit contain more of the bitter principle than the bark.
Srmarvpa AMARA, Aubl. (Mountain Damson.)
a. Root bark.
b. Ditto. Fine specimen.
Note.— Official in the secondary list of the United States Pharmacopeia.
It possesses similar properties to those of Quassia. For microscopic
structure of bark, see P. J. [3], vol. iii., p. 824; and Berg, Anat. Atlas,
taf. 38. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 56.
Smasa Cepron, Planchon.
a. Seeds. Cedron seeds.
Note.—Used in South America for intermittent fevers, in rheumatism,
and as an antidote to poison. See P. J. [1], vol. x., pp. 344, 560, and
for fig. of fruit, p. 347; [1], vol. xi., p. 280; [1], mol: xii., p. 63; [3],
vol. ili., p. 801.
ZYGOPHYLLACKA.
GUAIACUM OFFICINALE, LD.
a. Section of stem. (Lignum Vite.)
b. Ditto, polished.
ce. Ditto, from the Bahamas.
d. Shavings of the wood. Two specimens.
Note.—Guaiacum shavings are sometimes adulterated with shavings
of boxwood. This admixture may be detected by nitric acid, chloride
of lime, or other oxidizing agents, which will colour Guaiacum wood
greenish blue, but not boxwood. See P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 450.
e. Resin, ‘“ Gum guaiacum.”
f. Ditto, “ Tears.”
g. Ditto, ditto, agglutinated.
h. Ditto, impure.
Note—The Guaiacum in tears is supposed to be the produce of
G. sanctum, LZ. For micr. section of wood, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 27.
For constitution of resin see P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 523; and [1], vol.i.,
272, [2], vol. iii., p. 483, for products of decomposition of the resin ;
also see Guaiacol, For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Planis.
tab, 41.
—_— LINACE.
10. Livum carmarricum, LZ. (Purging Flax, Mountain Flaz.)
a Herb.
Note.—Formerly official in the Ph. E. and Ph. D., and still
~ country districts as a domestic medicine. It is bitter and cathartic.
ne Linum vsiratissm™mum, DL. P. J. [8], vol. i., p. 663.
a. Seeds. (For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 46.)
7 b. Ditto, larger variety, from Calcutta.
ce. Ditto, white variety.
d. Ditto, Russian.
e. Ditto, English.
f. Ditto, crushed. See P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 211.
g. Linseed cake.
h. Ditto, powdered.
i. Linseed oil.
Note.—Charlock seeds, or other acrid seeds, belonging to the Crucifere,
are sometimes accidentally mixed with linseed, and hence the meal
. sometimes possesses an irritating property. For composition of linseed
oil, see P. J. [1], vol. iv., p. 325 ; for its purification, [1], vol. xi., p. 470 ;.
| for adulteration of the meal, [1], vol. ii., p. 728; and [2], vol. xi., p. 686.
The small seed which comes from the shore of Baltic, is to be preferred for
medicinal purposes to the large seed which comes from India. For fig.
of the plant see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 39.
>
OXALIDACEZ.
112. Oxatis Acrrosenua, L.
a. Herb.
. ! Note.—It contains binoxalate of potash, and was formerly used as a
f refrigerant and antiscorbutic.
GERANIACEZ.
113. Geranium macutatum, L. (Oranesbill, Spotted Geranium.)
a. Root. (Alum root.) '
Note. —The root is official in the United States Pharmacopeia. It is
‘ ' a powerful astringent, free from bitterness. P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 20.
For fig. of plant see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 42.
114, PELARGONIUM SPECIES.
a. Essential oil. (French Oil of Gareminan
Note.—This must not be confounded with the Turkish oil of geranium,
which is obtained in India from a species of grass, the Andropogon
Schcenanthus, L., or Ginger Grass. It is this, and not the French Oil
of Geranium, which is used in Turkey to adulterate otto of rose. P. J. <
[2], vol. ix., p. 290. The French oil of geranium from Paris firms is ~~
of a greenish colour; that from Nice is cclourless.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
22 ;
CALYCIFLORA.
CELASTRACEZ.
CarHa EDULIS, Forsk., and C. ‘SPINOSA, Forsk. (Abyssinian Tea,
Kat or Kaat.)
a. Leaves and young branchlets. (Subbare Kaat.)
b. Do. do. (Muktaree Kaat.)
Note.—The leaves are chewed as a stimulant and exhilarant, producing
effects like those of coffee. The Subbare Kaat is the more valuable of the
two, being double the price of the Muktaree Kaat. They are so called
from the district from which they are obtained. For figure, etc., see
P. J. (1), vol. xii., p. 269; Lindley’s Vegetable Kingdom, p. 587. Speci-
mens a and b were presented by Dr. Vaughan.
CranotHus AmeEricanvs, L.*
a. Root. (Red Root.)
b. Leaves. (New Jersey Tea.)
Note.—The root is used as an astringent in syphilis, etc. The leaves
have been used as tea. See Amer. Dispens., p. 199.
CELASTRUS PANICULATUS, Willd.
a. Semi-concrete oil.
Note.—The oil is used in Brazil as a powerful stimulant and for
burning in lamps. In India an empyreumatic oil, known as Oleum
Nigrum, is obtained from the seeds, and used in doses of 10-15 drops to
produce free diaphoresis. Ph. Ind., p. 56.
EVUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS, Jacg. (Burning Bush, Spindle Tree,
Wahoo.)
a. Root. Two specimens.
Note.—Used as a diuretic in dropsy in America. See Wood and Bache,
p. 374. The name Wahoo is also applied in the Southern States to
Ulmus alata.
RHAMNACEA.
RuHAMNus AMYGDALINUS, Desf.
a. Fruit. (Persian Berries.)
See Bentley, Man, Bot., p. 490, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 574.
Raamnvs caTHarticus, L. (Buckthorn.)
a. Fruit. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 64.
b. Ditto, unripe, from J. B. Batka.
c. Sap green. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 490.
Note.—The specimen 6 might easily be mistaken for Cubebs, but is
distinguished readily by the inferior calyx, and by containing 4 seeds.
RHAMNUS CHLOROPHORUS, Decaisne.
a. Chinese green dye.
See P. J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 214; P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 228; also Porter i
Smith, Chinese Materia Medica, art. Sap Green—Luh-kiau, p. 193. YF
a zo,
- |
ri
a
4
gt
122. Raawnus Franouta, L. (Black Alder, Alder Buckthorn.)
a. Bark.
ie cess bark has lets Thdely Yeought forward in this country as
an excellent purgative, free from the griping properties of Buckthorn
berries. It contains a little prussie acid. The berries of R. Frangula
differ from those of R. catharticus in having only three seeds, and the
leaves are entire and feather-veined, not serrulate as in R. catharticus.
See P. J. [1], vol. ii., p. 721, for form for decoction; [1], vol. ix., p. 587,
for analysis; [3], vol.ii., p. 152; (8), vol. iv., p.889. For micr. section,
_ see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 40. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 65. See also P.J. [8], vol. vii., p. 102.
128. Ruamnvs rnrecrorivs, LD.
a, Fruit. (Graines d’ Avignon, French Berries.)
Note.—These berries are used as well as those of R. amygdalinus, to
dye morocco leather yellow. ,
-
;
124. Zizypuus Jususa, L.
a. Fruit. (Jujube Fruit.)
b. Twig, with the fruit on it, preserved wet. Brought from
Nimes by Mr. D. Hanbury.
125. Zizypnus orracantua, D. OC.
a. Fruit.
ANACARDIACEZ:.
126. Anacarpium occipeNnTALE, ZL. (Cashew Nut Tree.)
a. Fruit. (Cashew Nuts.) See for fig. Guib. Hist. des Drog.,
vol. iii., p. 490.
b. Peduncle and fruit, preserved wet.
ce. Gum. (Cadjii Gum.)
Note.—The bark and pericarp of the fruit contain an acrid vesicant
liquid which forms a durable marking ink. See P.J. [1], vol. v., pp. 268-
272. The gum possesses the same properties as gum arabic; but is also
slightly astringent.—Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 491. Treas. Bot., p. 57.
| 127. Irvinera Barrtert, Hook. f.
_—
a. Dika bread.
b. Fat obtained from ditto.
Note.—The Dika bread is used as food in the Gaboon, on the West
Coast of Africa. It contains about 68 per cent. of a solid fat. This plant
is placed in the Simarubacew by Bentley. See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 474.
See also Journ. de Pharm., 1857, p. 275. P. J. [2], vol. iii., p. 445.
Linn. Trans., vol. xxiii., p. 167.
. Pisracta Lentiscus, L.
a. Resin. (Mastich.)
b. Do. inferior. See P. J. [2], vol. ii., p. 282.
Note.—Mastic resembles in appearance Olibanum and Bandas
from Olibanum it is distinguished by its different odour and glassy
fracture, and from Sandarac by its tears not being cylindrical.
Ji ES be ell
129
130.
131.
132.
24
Pistacta TEREBINTHUS, L.
a. Oleoresin. (Chian Turpentine.)
b. Ditto, from Professor Guibourt. See Hist. des Drog., t. iii.,
p. 497. Pharmacographia, p. 146.
Pisracta vERA, D,
a. Kernels. (Pistachio Nuts.) See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 492.
Ruvs exasra, L. (Smooth Swmach, Pennsylvanian Sumach.)
a. Fruit.
Note.—The fruit is official in the secondary list of the United States
Pharmacopeia. Itis used to make cooling drinks. The acidity of the
fruit resides in the pubescence, and is due to malic acid and bimalate
of lime. See Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 710.
Ruvs Merorrvum, L.
a. Gum. (Hog Gum. )
b. Ditto. Collected from the foot of a tree in the parish of
Foreland, Jamaica.
c. Large specimen.
Note.—It is called Hog Gum because the wild hogs smear their wounds
' with the gum, by ripping the bark with their tusks, and then rubbing
138.
134.
135.
themselves against the tree. It possesses vulnerary properties. When
taken internally it acts as a diuretic. See P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 60; vol.
vii., p. 270. ;
Ruvs Toxicopenpron, L. (Poison Oak.)
a. Leaves.
Note.—Official in the secondary list of the U.S. Pharmacopeia, and
formerly in those of London and Dublin. The plant possesses a vola-
tile acrid principle which is lost in drying. The leaves have been used
in palsy and cutaneous diseases, and by Homeopaths for rheumatism.
Tincture of lobelia is said to allay the irritation caused by the emana-
tions from the plant. The milky juice forms an excellent marking ink.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 377. aor tincture see P. J. [2], vol.
ix., p. 208.
Semecarpus Anacarpium, LD.
a. Fruit. (Marking Nuts, Malacca Beans.)
Note.—The kernels are edible, but the nuts should never be put in the
mouth, as the shell contains an extremely acrid oil. This oil forms a
permanent marking ink, which is generally brown at first, but may be
made to turn black immediately by the addition of ammonia. See
Treas. Bot., p. 1047. See Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 492, 6iéme édition.
Sponpias turea, LI. (Hog Plum Tree.)
a. Bark, : :
Note.—The bark is used in tanning. This specimen is from the
International Exhibition of 1851, and was contributed by Mr. T. B.
Duggin, of Berbice, B. Guiana, P. J. [2], vol. xi., p. 160, ;
(s
AMYRIDACEA,
136 ee SPECIES INCERTA.
a. Resin. (Hlemi in reed). inlipeitasdis toca Professor
Guibourt.
--187. BALSAMODENDRON Arricanum, Arnott; Hevupgtoria Arricana,
Guill § Perr.
a. Gum-resin. (African Bdellium.)
b. Ditto, in tears. Presented by Allen & Co.
Note.—This Gum-resin is translucent, but has a dull fracture. The
taste is slightly bitter. When heated, it gives off an odour like burnt
india-rubber. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 387 ; Hist. des Drog.,
vol. iii., p. 513.
138. BatsamopENDRON OposatsamuM, Kunth; BAtsamMoDENDRON
4 GitEapENsE, Kunth.
4 ; a. Portions of the young branches. (Xylobalsamum.)
¥ b. Oleoresin. (Balm of Gilead.)
c. Ditto, solidified.
Note.—Specimen a was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury. Specimen b
has the citron-like odour and taste ascribed by Pomet to true Balm of
Gilead. See Pomet, Hist. Drugs, p. 204. Its consistence is like that of
Chian turpentine. In appearance and taste it corresponds with a drop
which has exuded on a specimen of the plant labelled ‘‘ Schweinfurth,
No. 2300,” in the British Museum. Specimen ¢ corresponds in odour and
appearance with Pereira’s specimen of “ Pellucid Liquid Storax,” No.
518e, in this Museum. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 679. For
fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 59.
139. BAaLSAMODENDRON SPECIES.
a. Gum-resin. A fine specimen. (Turkey Myrrh.)
b. Gum-resin of a paler colour. (White Myrrh.)
Note.—Specimen b is identical with the “ true myrrh,” of Dymock, and
a with the kdrdm of the Bombay market. It is the finest myrrh of
, _ English commerce. See P. J. [3], vol. vi., p. 661.
_¢. G@um-resin, in large dark-coloured pieces, from Bombay.
Note.—This specimen resembles true myrrh in taste, but has a some-
, ' what urinous odour. It is identical with the drug described by Dymock
under the name of ‘‘ Arabian Myrrh,” or Meetiga of the Bombay market,
a specimen of which from Professor Dymock is enclosed in the same bottle.
d. Gum-resin. (Hast Indian Myrrh.)
Note.—This specimen is the ‘ Myrrh of third quality,” described by
Pereira. It consists of dark-coloured myrrh mixed with pieces of Indian
Bdellium, opaque Bdellium, and other gums in less quantity. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 383.
e. Gum-resin. (Somali, or African Myrrh.)
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. Vaughan. It is the
“Turkey Myrrh” of commerce. See P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 227, note.
~
=
:
= a
a
26
139. BaLsAMODENDRON SPECIES, oontiided.
f. Gum-resin. (Arabian Myrrh.)
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. Vaughan. It was collected
to the eastward of Aden. It consists of irregular lumps, composed of
' agglomerated tears ; it is more gummy, more brittle, and more polished
externally than ordinary myrrh, and is without whitish marks in the
interior. See Pharmacographia, p.129. It is entirely different from the
Arabian Myrrh described by Dymock.
g- Gum-resin.. (Opaque Bdellium.)
Note.—This specimen of Bdellium was picked out of a sample of the
Turkey Myrrh of commerce. It is opaque and has a bitter taste without
acridity. It is identical with the meena hdrma, or ‘‘ opaque Bdellium,”
described by Dymock, and the Bdelliwm opaque of Guibourt. See Hist.
des Drog., vol. iii., p. 515.
h. Gum-resin. (Indian Aestiane
z. Ditto.
Note.—This kind of Baellium softens in the hand, and has an acrid
taste without the aroma of myrrh. The odour has a faint resemblance
to that of cedar. The surface of the pieces frequently has hairs, or frag-
ments of a papery bark attached to it. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p. 387. Specimen h belonged to Dr, Pereira’s collection. Specimen 7 was
picked out of Turkey Myrrh in the year 1876.
j. Gum-resin, from Bengal. (Googul.)
-Note.—This specimen somewhat resembles Indian Bdellium in appear-
ance, but the odour is differént and recalls that of Burgundy pitch or
castor. The taste is bitter and only- slightly acrid. It has a damp
appearance, due to minute globules of oily matter which have hardened
on its surface. This variety of Bdellium has been attributed to Balsamo-
dendron Mukul, Hook. See Hook, Journ. Bot., 1849, p. 258. Cooke,
Report on Gum-resins in the India Museum, 1874, p. 72.
k. Gum-resin. (Bissa Bél.)
Note.—This specimen has a peculiar odour, likened by Dymock to a
lemon lollipop. The taste, however, resembles that of the spring mush-
room, Agaricus Gambosus, Fr. It has much the appearance of true
myrrh. Occasionally portions of a thick (not a papery) bark are found
attached to the pieces. It is identical with the ‘‘ perfumed myrrh,”
described by Dymock, and with the ‘‘habdk hddee” of the Bonibay
market, and the hebbak hade of the Somalis. See P. J. [3], vol. vi.,
p. 661; Pharmacographia, p. 129.
The terms Bissa B6l and Googul appear to be applied in different parts
of India to different gum-resins.
140. BOswE.Liia SP£CIES.
a. Gum-resin, Olibanum in lumps.
b. Do. Lubin Mattee. The produce of B. Foananee Birdw.
c. Do. Lubin Hunkur. .
d. Do. Lubin Makur.
e. Do. Lubin Berbera or Mustika.
f. Lubin Morbat or Shaharree. The produce of B. Carterii
and B. Bhau Dajiana, Birdw.
For fig. of B. Carterii, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 58.
.
27
140. Boswextia spzcres, continued. .
_ g. African Olibanum. Dr, Pereira’s Catalogue, No 288.
h. Do., from Dr. Maclagan, from an old drug store.
4. Olibanum of English commerce.
j. Lubin mittee. A very fine specimen.
' Note.—Specimens b to f are those used by Dr. Vaughan to illustrate a
paper in P. J. [1], vol. xii., pp. 228,229. P.J. (8), vol. i. p. 166;
(1), vol. v., p. 541. Pharmacographia, pp. 120 and 131. For figures of
the olibanum trees, see Linn. Trans., xxvii., p. 111. Specimen j was ,
presented by Mons. C. Chantré.
. Bursera acuminata, Willd.
a. Resin. Carana resin. Presented by Mr. Winstanley.
See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 494.
142. Canarrum commune, DL.
a a. Resin. (Mamilla Elemi.) 2 specimens.
- b. Fruit. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab, 61.
! 148. Canarium EpuLE, Hook. f.
; a. Resin. (African Elemi.) Collected in the Angola
district, Pungo Andongo, Africa, by Dr. Welwitsch.
144, ELAPHRIUM ELEMIFERUM, Royle.
a. Resin. (Mexican Elemi.)
145. ELAPHRIUM GRAVEOLENS, Kunth.
a. Wood. (Mexican lignaloes.)
b. Essential oil from do.
* Note.—This is not the oriental lignaloes. It has a strong odour like
bergamot. P. J. [2], vol. x., p. 590. See Aquilaria Agallochum.
146. Ictca rcrcarrBa, Dec.
a Resin. (Brazilian Hlemi.) P. 355.
147. Icica specres.
a. Elemi wrapped in leaves. Presented by Messrs. Bell
& Co.
b. Do. Fine specimen in mass.
c. Spurious elemi, said to be manufactured from™hus in
Germany and Holland.
d. Elemi from British Guiana. (Marucoa Yam.)
e. Elemi from the Mauritius. Presented by Dr. Ure.
LEGUMINOS 43.
. Suporper I.—Pari.ionace2.
. Asprus precarorius, L. (Indian Liquorice.)
a. Pods and seeds. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 77.
Note.—These seeds are used as a standard of weight in India, called “sy
Rati. The weight of the Koh-i-noor diamond was ascertained in this way.
| The roots are official in the Indian Pharmacopeia as a substitute for
Liquorice root. See Ind. Pharm., pp. 74 and 446 ; Treas. Bot., p.4; Phar-
macographia, p. 164. P. J. (1), vol. xi., p. 160, No. 51.
_ —— - =~
——So= -
~
-
=
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
28
ADENANTHERA PAVONINA, L.
a. Seeds. (Barricarri Seeds.)
Note.—These seeds are used as weights by jewellers in the East, each
seed weighing uniformly four grains. Pounded with borax they form a
kind of cement. Treas. Bot.,p.18. They have a bright red colour, and
are used in South America for necklaces. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 504.
Anpira werMis, H. B. K.
a. Bark. (Oabbage-tree Bark.)
Note.—The bark is anthelmintic and purgative, but also narcotic, and
hence should be used with caution. Treas. Bot., p. 62.
ARACHIS HYPOGmA, DL.
a. Legumes. (Ground Nut, Monkey Nut, Pea Nut.)
Note.—The seeds yield the Katchung, or Nut oil of commerce. They
are edible, but occasionally produce unpleasant symptoms. Treas. Bot.,
p. 84. For analysis, P. J. [8], vol. iv., p. 87. For fig., see Annales des
Sciences Naturelles, 1853, vol. xix., p. 268. B.&Tr., Med. Plants, tab. 75.
ASTRAGALUS MICROCEPHALUS, Willd.
* a. Portion of the plant with incisions in the stem..
Note.—This specimen was presented by Mr. S. H. Maltass, of Smyrna,
and is referred to in Pharmacographia, p. 152.
ASTRAGALUS SPECIES.
* a, A very large specimen of flaky tragacanth. See Phar-
macographia. p. 154, note.
b. Fine white flaky tragacanth. (Syrian Tragacanth.)
Note.—This is known in commerce as Syrian tragacanth, but is pro-
duced in Persia. It is more translucent than ordinary flaky tragacanth,
and without its yellowish tinge.
c. Gum tragacanth, selected. (Smyrna Tragucanth.)
d. Gum tragacanth, in sorts. Presented by Mr. D. Han-
* bury. (Gum Dragon.)
e. Vermicelli tragacanth, adulterated with Caramania-
gum.
f. Tragacanth, in sorts, adulterated.
g. False tragacanth, unwashed.
h. Ditto, washed.
7. Gum Bassora. (Gummi Toridonnense.)
Note.—Specimens f and g were presented to Dr. Pereira by Prof.
Guibourt. They appear to be identical with Caramania gum. See Hist.
des Drog., 6th ed., vol. iii., p. 449. Gum Bassora appears to be a mixture
of Kuteera gum (see Sterculia.urens) and pieces resembling Caramania
gum. See Hist. des Drog., l.c., p. 450. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p. 336. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 73.
58, Asreacaxus srncrs, continued.
. The following specimens illustrate a paper by Mr. 8. H.
Maltass, in the P. J., vol. xv., p. 18. The antes refer to
_ those on p. 20 in the same volume.
Superior Qualities.
1. White picked Yalavatz gum tragacanth.
2. White picked Caissar tragacanth.
3. French assorted “leaf,” sample of seven cases.
4. Broken leaf, picked by women, mixed with fine leaf.
5. Broken “leaf” of Caissar gum, mixed with fine leaf.
6. “Vermicelli” as picked out before mixing with
* Sesame.”’
7. “ Vermicelli”’ tragacanth, sample of one case.
8. “Sesame ” tragacanth mixed with vermicelli gum.
Inferior Qualities.
9. Common “leaf”? mixed with “ English assortment.”
10. English assorted ‘“‘ leaf,” sample of four cases.
11. Common or sorts, sample of two cases.
12. Small refuse gum, thrown out, almost worthless.
* 13. Large refuse gum, almost worthless.
Gums used for the Adulteration of Tragacanth.
14. Moussul gum.
15. Caramania gum, Ist quality.
Bey 16. Ditto Qnd quality.
s 17. Ditto broken up and whitened with white
= =
| 18. Ditto Ditto.
a 19. Ditto Ditto.
. Note.—Caramania gum No. 17 is used to mix with English assorted
leaf in the proportion of 50 per cent. Specimen No. 18 is mixed with
vermicelli tragacanth in the same proportion. Specimen No. 19 is mixed
with sorts in the proportion of 100 per cent.
Caramania gum may be easily detected by its angular appearance. For
Caramania gum see also P. J. [2], vol. vi., p. 658; for formation of
tragacanth in the stem see P. J. [1], vol. xviii., p. 370; for chemistry of
tragacanth, see P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 518.
154. Baprisia trvctor1A, R. Br. (Wild Indigo, Dyers’ Weed, Horsefly
Weed.) .
a. Root. ;
b. Ditto, fine specimen. .
Note.—The root is used by Eclectic practitioners in the United States
as an antiseptic in ulcerated sore throate ear ap rigs P. J. [2],
ahs 211.
155.
156:
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
30
Bursa Fronposa, Rovb. (Dhak, or Pulas Tree.)
a. Flowers. (Toolsie Flowers.)
b. Gum. Presented by Mr. E. Solly.
Note.—The flowers yield a yellow dye. The exudation is official in the
Ind. Pharm. It is known as butea gum, Bengal kino, dhak tree gum,
and pulas kino. Ind. Pharm., pp. 73, 79, 446. Treas. Bot., p. 188.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p.329. Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 79.
CoLuTgA ARBORESCENS, L. (Bladder Senna.)
a. Leaves and flowers.
Note.—The leaves have been occasionally found mixed with senna on
the Continent, but not in this country. The leaflets resemble those of
Cassia obovata, but are equal at the base. They are purgative. Per.
Mat. Med., Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 356.
Dipreryx oporata, Willd. ‘
a. Fruit and seeds.’ (Tonka Bean.)
Note.—Used in sachet powder and perfumes, and to scent snuff. Treas.
Bot., p. 416. See Coumarine.
Ervum Lens, Z.; Lens nscurenta, Moench.
a. Seeds. (Huropean Lentils.)
b. Ditto, split.
c. Egyptian, split.
' Note.—The flour of the seeds is used in making Revalenta#Arabica,
etc. Fora fig. of plant, etc., see Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 76. .
Grycrrruiza GiaBra, L. (Liquorice Plant.)
a. Root. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 74.
GLYCYRRHIZA ECHINATA, L.
a. Root.
Note.—The Russian liquorice root, stated by Hanbury to be the pro-
duce of G. glabra (G. glandulifera, W. K.), may be known by its bitterish
taste and longitudinally exfoliated root bark. It is placed for comparison
in the glass jar containing a specimen of the root of G. echinata, L., from
Kew. The specimen of English liquorice root (G. glabra) also includes a
genuine specimen from Kew of G. glabra, L. For glycyrrhizin see P. J.
[1], vol. vi., p. 490; for extract, P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 520; vol. xvi., p.
403 ; for a micr. sect. of root, Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 6.
INDIGOFERA TINCTORIA, L.
a. Best Bengal indigo.
b. Bad Bombay figs indigo.
Note.—Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. 2, p. 330. P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 493.
See Indigotine. For fig. of plant,see Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 72.
MeELiwotus c@RueA, LD.
a. Herb. Presented by Dr. J. Houlton.
Note.—The plant has a powerful odour, resembling that of fenugreek.
It is said to possess styptic and healing properties. Treas. Bot., p. 732.
P. J. [1), vol. ii., p. 463. For fig. of the plant, ibid., p. 128.
~
163. Mucuna pruriens, D. 0.
a. Legumes. Presented by Messrs. Pigeon & Son.
Note.—Official in the Ind. Pharm., p. 78; formerly official in the
P.L. Cowhage consists of the hairs covering the. legumes. Pharma-
cographia, p.165. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 78.
Myroxyrion Perera, Klotzsch.
a. Fruit. For fig., see P. J. (1}, vol. v., p, 282.
b. Balsam obtained from the fruit. (Balsamo Blanco.)
ce. Ditto, in an earthenware jar, enclosed in matting. See
ibid., p. 286.
d. Myroxocarpine.
Note.—This is a crystalline substance obtained from balsamo blanco
by Dr. Stenhouse, and presented by him. P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 290.
e. Section of stem.
f. Bark. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 83.
g. Balsam of Peru.
} h. Ditto, in small gourds. For fig., see P. J. [2], vol v., p. 243.
t. Ditto, ditto, open.
Note.—Two of Dr. Pereira’s specimens of the balsam of Peru plant in
fruit are in the Herbarium of the Pharm. Society. See P, J. [1], vol.
X., pp. 230-280. P. J. [2], vol. v., pp. 241-315, for history of the drug ;
for chemistry of the bark, [2], vol. vi., p. 204; test of purity, [1], vol.
xii., p. 549. Prof. Baillon thinks that both balsam of tolu and
balsam of Peru are yielded by the same plant. P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 382.
165. Myroxyton Totorrera, H. B. K.
a. Balsam of tolu.
b. Ditto, in small gourds.
ce. An original tin. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 84.
-. Note.—For history of drug, see P. J. [2], vol. vi., p. 60; test of
purity, P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 550; Pharmacographia, p. 177.
166. Puysostigma veNENOsUM, Balf. (Calabar Bean.)
a. Seeds.
b. Extract.
Note.—P. J. [2], vol. iv., p. 559; vi., pp. 167-261 ; Pharmacographia,
_ p. 167; for physostigmine see P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 519. For fig. of
plant see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 80.
167. Prerocarpus ERINACEUS, Poiret.
a. Flowers, preserved wet. P. J., xiv., 55.
b. African kino.
Note.—African kino is not now found in English commerce. Pharma-
cographia, p. 173. The tincture made from it is said not to gelatinize so
readily as that of Indian kino.
168. Prerocarrus Marsvurium, Road.
a. Bark of the tree, from the Burmese Empire.
b. East Indian kino.
7
.
168. Prrrocarrus Marsurrum, continued. —
169.
170.
a71.
172.
178.
174.
175.
32
Note.—See Eucalyptus resinifera, Coccoloba uvifera, and Butea fecuilendl
for other varieties of kino. P. J. [1], vol.i., p. 399; [3], vol. ii., p. 182;
[3], vol. iv., p. 336; Pharmacographia, p. 170. Specimen a was presented
by Dr. A. T. Thomson. For fig. of the plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 81.
PTEROCARPUS SANTALINUS, L. f.
a. Section of trunk polished.
b. Section of the heartwood only, polished.
c. Shavings. (Red Sanders.)
Note.—This drug, the Lign. santal rub. of drug lists, belongs to a dif-
ferent family from the yellow sandal wood. The resinoid colouring mat-
ter is soluble in alkalies, but not in water. P. J. [1], vol. vii., p. 288;
Pharmacographia, p. 175. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 82.
Spartiom Junceum, L. (Spanish Broom.)
a. Seed.
Note.—This plant differs from the common broom in having cylindrical,
not angular, branches, and in blossoming in July; whereas 8. Scoparius
blossoms in May. The seeds are emetic and purgative. Treas. Bot., p. 1076.
Cytisus Scoparius, Link; Sarornamnus Scoparius, Wimmer.
(Common Broom.)
a. Tops. Pharmacographia, p. 148.
b. Seeds. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 70.
SopHora Japonica, L.
a. Flower-buds. (Wai-fa.)
Note.—Used in China as a yellow dye. The leaves are purgative, and
are a cheap source of rutic acid. P.J. [1], vol. x., p. 308; xiv., p. 64;
Treas. Bot., p. 1073. See also Chinese Collection of Mat. Med.
Trerarosta Aponuinea, D. C.
a. Leaflets and legumes.
Note.—The leaflets have occasionally been met with in Alexandrian
senna, and more particularly in Tripoli senna, but are probably an acci-
dental admixture. They are silky, emarginate, equal at base, and usually
folded longitudinally. For fig., etc., Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 354.
Also Bentley and Redwood, Mat, Med., p. 858.
TRIGONELLA Fanum-cracum, L. (Fenugreek.)
a. Seeds.
Note.—Used in making curry powder and cattle foods, ete. The fresh
plant is used as an esculent in India. Pharmacographia, p. 150; Treas.
Bot., p.1170. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 71.
Sus-orpeR IJ.—CmsaLPINEz.
CmSALPINIA CoRIARIA, Willd.
a. Legumes. (Divi-divi.)
Note.—The pericarps are said to contain 60 to 65 per cent. of tannin,
and are used as an astringent in India (Ind. Pharm., p. 79); and in this .
country for tanning. P.J. [1], vol. v., p. 443. Bentley, Man. Bot.,
p- 501. For fig. see Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 398.
/
a Chips. (Peach Wood, Lima Wood, Nicaragua Wood)
_ Note.—Used in dyeing red and black colours. Hist. des Drog., vol. iii.,
£7 % “ay 839.
177. Casatrinia sprctes.
178.
180.
181.
179.
i
a. Deposit in the heartwood of the tree. (Araroba, or
“+ Arariba.)
b. Ditto powdered. (Goa Powder.)
_ Note.—This drug was imported from Bahia. It has also been received
_ from Bombay, where it is known as ‘‘ Goa Powder,” or ‘‘ Poh di Bahia,”
or ‘ Chrysarobine.” It contains 80 per cent. of Chrysophaniec acid. See
P. J. (21, vol. v., p. 345; [3], vol. v., pp. 721, 801, 816. Med. Times &
Gazette, March, 1875, p. 250.
A specimen of the leaf of the tree is in the Herbarium of the Society.
Cassia Arutopica, Guid.
a. Leaflets. (Tripoli Senna.)
Note.—Hanbury does not consider this a distinct species, but includes
it under C. acutifolia, Delile. Pharmacographia, p. 190. According to
Guibourt it is distinguished by having smaller, less acute leaflets, with
a gland at the base of the petiole and between each pair of leaflets. Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 355. For fig. of plant, see Hist. des Drog.,
vol, iii., p. 361, fig. 663.
Cassta Brasiiiana, Lam.; C. aranpvis, L.
a. Pods. (Horse Cassia.)
Note.—The pulp is bitter ; it is used as a purgative in South America.
It may be distinguished from C. fistula by the larger pods, covered with
branching veins, and the very prominent sutures.
Cassia Breviegs, D. C.
~ @. Leaflets.
Note.—This was offered in the London market in January, 1875, as
“Fine senna.” It probably came from Panama, certainly from Central
America. It is not purgative, and may be distinguished by the leaflets
having three or more principal veins. For fig., ete., see P.J. [3], vol. v.,
p. 624. For other substitutions, ete., see Solenostemma Argel, Tephrosia
Apollines, Globularia Alypum, Colutea arborescens.
Cassia ELoNGaATA, Lem.; C. ancustrrotta, Vahl.
a. Leaflets. (Tinnevelly Senna.)
b. Ditto. Ditto “ Elect.”
c. Ditto. (East Indian Senna.) “ Sorts.”
d. Ditto. Ditto. ‘ Hlect.”
_e. Ditto. (Somali, or African Senna.)
f. Ditto. (Aden, or Arabian Senna.)
Note.—East Indian senna is an inferior quality of Tinnevelly senna,
and may be recognised by containing stalks, pods, and discoloured leaf-
5
-s
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
34
CAssIA ELONGATA, continued.
lets. Pharmacographia, p. 190-2; P. J. [1], vol. ix., p. 361. Specimens
e and f are East Indian senna of second quality ; they were presented
by Dr. Vaughan, May 24,1852. P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 268. They are
probably identical with the Mecca senna of Pereira (Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. ii., p. 355), and the Séné Moka of Guibourt. Hist. des Drog., vol.
iii., p. 366. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 91.
Cassia Fisruna, L. (Purging Cassia.)
a. Pods.
Note.—The fruit is an indehiscent or lomentaceous legume. West
Indian pods are more esteemed than those from Madras. The seeds, as
well as those of senna, contain albumen. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p. 362. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 87.
Cassia Lancronata, Nect.; ©. acutironta, Delile.
a. Leaflets. (Alewandrian Senna.) ‘Sorts.’
b. Ditto, freed from stalks and pods.
c. Ditto, freed from argelleaves. B. dé Tr., Med. Plants, No. 90.
d. Stalks and pods separated from Alexandrian senna.
e. Small Alexandrian senna. ;
Note.—For fig. of leaves, etc., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 354;
for chem. exam., P. J. [1], vol. iv., p. 61; [8], vol. ii., pp. 221, 723; for
botany, P. J. [1], vol. ix., p. 25; x., p. 543; Pharmacographia, p. 190.
Cassta Marinanpica, DL.
a. Leaflets. (American Senna.)
Note.—The leaflets are used as a purgative in America, but are only
about half as powerful as Alexandrian senna. King’s Am. Dispens., p.
193 (1872). It is met with in compressed cakes as prepared by the
Shakers. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 352. It is official in the
U.S. Pharmacopeia. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 88.
Cassia moscwata, H. B. K. a
a. Fruit. (Small American Cassia.)
Note.—The pods are shorter and more slender than those of C. fistula,
and the pulp is paler and more astringent. For fig. see P. J. [2], vol. v.,
p. 350. Used in New Granada as a purgative. Specimens of the plant,
presented by Mr. D. Hanbury, are in the Herbarium of the Society.
Cass1a opovatTa, Oollad.
a. An entire leaf.
b. Leaflets. (Jamaica, or Port Royal Senna.)
Note.—The leaflets are broadest towards the apex, and the pods some-
what reniform, and have an interrupted line of folds or ridges along the
centre, which are absent in those of C. lanceolata and C. elongata. P. J.
[2], vol. vi., p. 447. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 89.
c. Leaflets. (Séné du Sénégal.)
Note.—Specimen ¢ was presented by Prof. Guibourt. This variety of
senna does not often enter into commerce. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. ii., p. 855. For fig. of pod, ete., see Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 365.
189.
190.
18 7. Onratowta stuiqua, E. (Kharoub.)
—
_ a. Leaves and fruit. (Oarob beans, Locust beans, St. John's
bread.)
Note.—This specimen was presented by Mr. Squire. The pods have
been recommended for improving the voice. They have been imported
from Spain under the name of algarobo beans (see Prosopis pallida).
P. J. (1), vol. iii., p. 79. The seed is said to have formed the original
carat of jewellers. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 502. The pods are used in
_ the manufacture of cattle food, Treas. Bot., p. 254.
. CopaIFERA MULTIJUGA, Hayne.
a. Oleoresin, from Angostura. Presented by Dr. Christi-
son.
b. Ditto. (Balsam of Copaiba.)
ec. Viscid resin. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp, 367, 368.
d. Copaivic acid.
e. Volatile oil.
Note.—The specimen from Angostura is much darker coloured and
thicker than specimen }, and is probably yielded by a different species.
For fig. of several species, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 365; for
solution of, P. J. [1], vol. i., p. 655; for pills, P. J. [1), vol. iii., p. 66;
[2], vol. vii., p. 826; for cohesion figures, P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 387;
variety of, P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 581. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 93.
CopAIFERA TRAPEZIFOLIA, Hayne.
a. Oleoresin.
b. Section of trunk. :
Note.—The specimen a is labelled thus: ‘“‘ Taken by myself, as also the
accompanying specimen of the wood bark and leaves of the same, cut
down for the purpose, July, 1843, near the plantation of Santa Maria, in
the district of Macahé. Thos. R. Goodbarn.” Specimen @ is the one
alluded to in P. J. [1], vol. vi., p.14.
DaBERGiA ARBOREA, Willd. ; PoncGamia GLABRA, Vent.
a. Fixed oil. (Poonga Oil.)
Note.—The oil is highly esteemed by the natives of India as a remedy
in skin diseases. Ind. Pharm., p.79; Journ. Agri. Hort. Soc. of India,
vol. x., pt. ii., p. 223, 1851; for legumes and seeds, see Collection of
Indian Drugs. Aspecimenof the plant i is in the Herbarium of the Society.
191. Eryrnrornteum Guivernse, Don. (Sassy Bark Tree.)
a. Legume and twigs.
b. Flowers, portion stem, and leaves preserved wet.
c. Bark.
Note.—The bark is used as an ordeal poison in West Africa. These
specimens were presented by Mr. W. Procter, jun., to whom they were
forwarded by Dr. S. F. McGill from Cape Palmas, Liberia. Am. Journ.
' Pharm,, October, 1851, pp. 801-311; July, 1852, pp. 195-202; P. J., vol.
xvi., pp. 233-373,
-
-
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
Gurnanpna Bonpucetia, L.; CSALPINia BonDucELia, Rowb. 7”
of Ind. Pharm. .
a. Legumes and seeds. (Nicker Nuts, Bondue Nuts.) Pre
sented by Dr. Christison.
Note.—The seeds are of a leaden colour, and in size and shape resemble —
marbles. Used in India as a bitter tonic and febrifuge. Official in the
Ind. Pharm., p. 68. The seeds of G. Bonduc are yellow. Treas. Bot., p. d
555; Pharmacographia, p.185. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 85. 3
Hematoxytum Campecuianum, LZ. (Logwood Tree.) =
a. Chips. -* rox p
b. Section of the trunk polished.
Note.—For colouring matter see Hematoxylin, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 435;
and for fig. of plant, Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 86.
Hyena Covursartt, L. ponent or Locust Tree.)
a. Resin.
b. Ditto.
ce. Ditto.
Note.—These three specimens were presented by Mr. Stutchbury,
of Demarara. See P.J. [1], vol. xi., p.159. Specimen a is as clear and
pale as dammar. Specimen b is yellowish, and contains fragments of
bark; it appears to correspond to the ambre blanc du Brésil of Guibourt.
Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 460. Specimen c is pale brown, transparent,
and stalactitic. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 502; Lindl. Fl. Med., p. 266.
For Copal varnish see P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 627; P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 90:
Hymenza Mossameicensis, K1. " (Msandarusi.)
a. Resin. (African Copal, Anime.)
Note.—This specimen was presented by Mons. C. Chantré. The
granular surface, technically called ‘ goose-skin,” is caused by the
pressure upon it of the sand in which it is found buried. The polished
specimen shows insects imbedded in the resin. See P. J. [1], vol. xvi.,
pp. 367, 423; vol. x., p. 89; [2], vol. vii., p. 424; [3], vol. v., p. 490.
Journ. Royal Geograph. Soc., vol. xxix., p. 435.
Mora excetsa, Benth.
a. Bark.
Note.—The bark is astringent, and used for tanning. Bentley, Man.
Bot., p. 503; Treas. Bot., p. 755. This specimen is from the Interna-
tional Exhibition of 1851. It was contributed by Mr. T. B. Duggin,
River Berbice, British Guiana. See P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 160.
Tamarinpus Inprca, LD.
a. Entire fruit.
b. Fruit deprived of epicarp. (Hast Indian Tamarinds.)
c. Ditto, preserved in syrup. (West Indian Tamarinds.)
d, Egyptian tamarinds in flattened cakes. a
e. Section of trunk. re
Note.—Specimen c was presented by Mr. ‘D. Hanbury. Pharmaco- — hy
graphia, p.197. Treas. Bot.,p.1121. For fe: of plant, ano Helen
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 92.
Sup-orver II.—Mrmosez.
98. Acacta Arasica, Lam. (Willa, Kikar, or Babul Tree.)
a * Gum.
Note.—This specimen is labelled “‘ obtained from the tree. Presented
_ by Dr. Christison.”
. Acacta pecurRENS, Willd. (Black or Green Wattle Tree.)
a. Australian gum. Presented by Mr. Lloyd, of Ludgate
b. Gum from Sydney. (P. 152.) Imported per Ocean
Queen, Nov. 28, 1844.
Note.—Specimen a consists of large pieces of a pale reddish colour
and peculiarly dull surface. Specimen db is of a darker colour, and has
the peculiar reddish violet tint which is said by Guibourt to be character-
istic of Australian gum. Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 444; P. J. (1),
| vol. vii., p. 588.
— 200. Acacra cummirera, Willd.
Ty a. Barbary gum. (P. 138.) (Gomme de Barbarie, Fr.)
b. Mogador gum.
ce. Small ditto. (P. 139.)
Note.—Specimen a is said by Pereira to be imperfectly soluble in water.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 334.
. 201. Acacia HorRIDA, Willd. (Doornboom, Wittedoorn, Karrodoorn.)
a. Cape gum, in large pieces. (P. 151, bis.)
b. Small ditto, from the district of Albany. (P. 151.)
a Note.—Specimen b resembles the one in the collection of drags from
. the Cape of Good Hope. P. J. [1], vol x., p. 520.
«202. Acacta VereEK, Guill. et Perr. (Verek Tree, Hashab.)
_ a White Turkey gum arabic.
Note.—The best gum arabic is characterized by its opacity, its brittle-
A ness and whiteness, Pereira states that it is known in Paris as gomme
a Turique, and the inferior qualities are known as gomme Geddah, so named
- ' from the ports from which they are shipped. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
: pt. ii., p. 334; Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 440; for fig. of plant, see
p. 397. A specimen of gomme Turique from Guibourt is enclosed in
- specimena. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 95.
b. Senegal gum.
_ Note.—This specimen is the gomme du haut du fleuve of French com-
merce,the gomme de Galam of Guibourt, and the gomme de Salabreda of
Soubeiran.
c. Senegal gum.
Note.—This specimen is the gomme du bas du fleuve of French com- ”
merce, and the gomme du Galam of Soubeiran. —
d. Ditto. (Gomme vermiculée.) ae:
- e. Ditto. (Gomme pelliculée.) \< ‘i
_ f. Ditto. (Gomme lignirode.) Pee “J
202. Acacta VEREK, continued.
203.
g. Senegal gum. (Gomme Kuteera.)
Note.—The variety du bas du flewve is the most esteemed in French com-
merce. Specimens d to g are gums which are found mixed with Senegal gum.
Gomme vermiculée is white, transparent internally, and occurs in cylindri-
cal curved pieces. ‘Gomme pelliculée is of a reddish yellow tint, and hasa —
sort of vegetable epidermis on various parts of its surface. It is not
entirely soluble. Gomme lignirode is a very distinct gum, in large quite
opaque pieces of a dull yellowish brown colour. It dissolves in water,
leaving a residue of gnawed wood. It is known in French commerce as
marrons. According to Guibourt, some other gums, viz., gum Kuteera
(see Sterculia tragacantha), gomme verte, which is greenish at first but
becomes yellowish white on exposure, and is difficultly soluble, bdellium
and gomme Gonaké from Acacia Adansonii (A. vera, Willd.?), distinguished
by its bitterness and dark colour, are also found ingum Senegal. Senegal
gum is known from gum arabic by its clear interior, fewer cracks, and
toughness. See Hist. des Drog., iii., p. 440.
h. Sennaar gum. (Sennari Gum.)
Note.—This specimen is white, and looks like the best Turkey gum ;
but among it may be seen pieces with a greenish tint. It yields a very
glairy mucilage. It is the kind referred: to by Hanbury in Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 210, note 3. It probably is identical also with the gomme
verte of Guibourt. In English commerce it is known as Sennari gum.
ACACIA SPECIES. rile
a. Maculla best gum arabic. ‘“ So called by a native doctor
at Bombay.” (P. 145.)
Note.—This is the specimen alluded to in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p. 835 (P, 145). It is probably of African origin ; for, according to Dr.
Vaughan, African gum finds it way to Maculla. P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 226.
The specimen was presented to Dr. Pereira by Mr. Lawrence, Jan., 1834,
b. East Indian gum. (P. 146.)
Note.—This is called in India, Mocha and Barbary gum.
c. Surat inferior gum arabic. (P. 147.)
Note. —Specimens b and ¢ are those alluded to in Per. Mat. Med.,
vol, ii., pt. ii., p. 335.
d. Calcutta gum arabic.
e. East Indian gum arabic.
f. Bengal gum arabic.
Note.—The first three specimens came from Bombay. Specimen e seems
identical with the gomme lignirode of Guibourt. See gum Senegal and
Feronia elephantum.
g. Unnamed specimen, resembling East Indian gum.
h. Ditto, resembling Cape gum.
i. Purified gum. Presented by Mr. H. Picciotto: PJ. a
[1], vol. ix., p. 16.
j. Insoluble gum.
Note. race adulteration of gum cata, see P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 233.
i = cact - Carecuy, Willd. :
_ @. Leaves and legumes. Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 94.
b. Pale dull catechu in square cakes. (P. 112.)
" p. 841. Iteis the Cachou terne et parallelopipede of Guibourt.
Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 413.
e. Dark shiny Pegu massive catechu.
Note.—This is the black catechu of English commerce. It is enveloped
in leaves of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus, Roxb., according to Hanbury. It
is the Cachou de Pegu en masses, of Guibourt. Hist. des Drog., vol. iii.,
p. 416; Per. Mat. Med., 1, c., p. 342, 3 B.
d. Brown catechu, in conical masses, from Siam. Per.
Mat. Med., 1. ¢., 4. a.; Journ. de Pharm, et de Chim., tomes xi.
; and xii., 1847.
P'- e. Catechu, in flat cakes.
Note.—This is probably the kind described by Pereira, 1.¢.,48. It
resembles areca catechu in size and appearance, but has no paddy husks
upon it.
f. Black mucilaginous catechu. (P.113.) Per. Mat. Med.,
lic. 44.
Note.—This is the Cachou noir mucilagineux of Guibourt. Journ. de
Pharm. et Chim., 1. ¢.
g. Dark brown siliceous catechu, in flattened circular or
quadrangular cakes. Per. Mat. Med., 1. ¢., 43.
Note.—This is the Cachou brun siliceux of Guibourt. Hist. des Drog.,
vol. iii., p. 415.
h. Extract made from variety g, by Messrs. Herrings
& Co. :
t. Bad cutch.
j. Pale cutch. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury, Dec., 1874.
.Note.—This is the Kumaon catechu of the Pharmacographia, p. 214,
and perhaps the same as the “ pale or whitish catechu in irregular lumps ”
of Pereira (Mat. Med., 1. ¢., p. 343, 4 §), and the Cachou blane enfumé of
a Guibourt (Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 414). It is as pale as Gambier (see
, Uncaria Gambier), and consists of almost pure catechin. Pereira’s speci-
men was imported from Bombay under the name of Katha suffaid,
k. Succus acacia.
Note.—Of this specimen the history cannot be traced. It appears in
Dr. Pereira’s catalogue (No. 134) without any comment whatever. It is
a round ball of catechu enclosed in a bladder, and is of the consistence
and appearance of solazzi juice, which it slightly resembles in flavour,
while it is also decidedly astringent.
205. Acacia Farnesiana, L.
a. Fruit. Presented by Prof. Guibourt.
Note.—From the flowers is made the essence and pommade de fleurs
de cassie of French perfumers; and the bark yields a gum. The pods
were imported into France at one time from the island of Mauritits
under the name of Balibabulah. They are used there for tanning and to
dye black. For fig., see Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 396.
< - - ue
- 7 a :
‘Note.—This specimen is described in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
Bee .
. . - - o
~ _ 4
206. Acacia scanpeEns, L.
207. ADENANTHERA PAVONINA, L,
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
a. Seeds. a ; :
a. Seeds. (Barricarri Seeds.) ‘a
Note.—These smooth bright scarlet lenticular seeds are used for neck-
laces, etc. They weigh 4 grains each, with sufficient uniformity to be used
as weights by jewellers in the East. Treas. Bot., p. 18. Hist. des Drog.,
vol. iii., p. 379.
ALBIZZIA ANTHELMINTIOA, Brong.
a. Bark. Presented by Dr. Aquila Smith. (Musena Bark.)
Note.—The bark is used in Abyssinia under the name of besenna or
mesenna, as a remedy for tapeworm. Treas, Bot., p. 34. P. J. [2),
vol. xi., p. 326.
Prosopis putcis, H. et B.
a. Gum. (Goma Mesquitiia of Mexico.) Presented by
Dr. Lindley.
Note.—The gum is used instead of gum arabic. A similar gum is
produced in Texas by P. glandulosa, and is known as mesquité gam.
P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 289. The pods of P. dulcis are sweet, and are used
for cattle under the name of Algarobo. See Ceratonia siliqua. Treas.
Bot., p. 254; Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 504. ts
Prosopis pauuipa, H. B.
‘a. Legumes. (Algarobilla.)
.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. Ure, who supposed it to be
the produce of Inga Marthe. The legumes are used for tanning.
MORINGACEA.
MorinGa PTERYGOSPERMA, Gaertn. (Horseradish Tree.)
a. Fruit and seed.
Note.—The specimen of fruit belongs to the above species, but the
seeds are those of M. aptera, Decaisne, for they are not winged, The oil
of ben is obtained from the seeds of M. aptera. This oil does not readily
turn rancid, and for that reason was formerly much in demand by watch-
makers. P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 58; for fig. see Hist. des Drog., vol. iii.,
p. 387.
The root has the odour and taste of horseradish, and possesses vesi- :
cant properties. Ind. Pharm., p. 61. See Pharmacographia, p. 68.
ROSACEA.
Tring AMYGDALEZ.
AMYGDALUS COMMUNIS, var. a, AMARA; Prunus Amyapatus, Stokes.
a. Drupes preserved wet. : > a
b. Seeds. (Barbary Bitter Almonds.)
ec. Ditto, powdered.
d. Fixed oil expressed from the seed.
e. Almond cake after expression of fixed oil.
7
a = - e
——
oe "YORI Oll GAMA frou ‘steals eftee expeediion.
- Note.—Bitter almonds frequently occur mixed with all varieties of the
sweet almonds, except the Jordan almonds.
Walia Giaionda’ may génarsll¥'So veonenined by tits’ gjenber gous.
parative breadth and by their flatness; the Barbary by their being
smaller and very variable in size and shape. Pharmacographia, pp.
216-223 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 248; for fig. of several varieties
see P, J. [1], vol. vi., p.222; for micr. structure of seed, Berg, Anat.
Atlas, taf. 45; for almond paste, P. J. [1], vol. iv., p. 387.
_ 213. Amyepatus communis, L., var. 8 puLcis; Prunus Amyapatus,
Baillon.
=% a. Drupes, preserved wet.
b. Endocarp and seed. (Shell Almonds.)
c. Seeds. (Jordan Almonds.)
d. Ditto. (Valencia Almonds.)
- @. Ditto. (Barbary Almonds.)
f. Ditto, powdered.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 99.
214. CeRasus SPECIES.
a. Gum. (Cherry-tree Gum, Gummi Nostras.)
Note.—This gum is chiefly derived from Cerasus avium, L., and
Prunus domestica, L. It is only partly soluble in water. Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 302. Hist. des Droy., vol. iii., p. 348.
b. Sicilian gum.
_ Note.—This is produced also by various species of Cesssus and
Prunus. Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 442.
215. Crrasus serotina, D. C.
a. Bark. (Wild Cherry Bark.)
b. Ditto, from young branches.
Note.—Official in the United States pe Tt is used as a
sedative tonic in phthisis, etc.
It is the Prunus serotina, Ehrh., of Bhasnesnpinidlas p. 224, and the
Prunus Virginiana of commerce. It somewhat resembles elm bark in ap-
pearance but has a short not a fibrous fracture, and the taste resembles
that of apple seeds. See P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 97; [3], vol. iv., p. 387 ;
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.ii., p. 279. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 07.
| Tree Rosez.
216. BRAYERA ANTHELMINTICA, Kunth ; Hacenta Aprssrnica, Willd.
a. Flowers. (Kousso.)
b. Ditto, an original package. |
Note.—These specimens appear to consist exclusively of the pistillate
flowers. A dried specimen of the plant is in the Herbarium. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 298 ; Pharmacographia, p. 228; for fig., P. J.
{1}, vol. x., p. 19. For fig. of flowers, Erp ccenen hore Shs age
, Plants, tab. 102.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
999,
‘Porentinia TorMENTILLA, Schrank.
. Rosa centirouia, L. (Cabbage Rose, Provence Rose.)
ee i et eee et eb
42
Geum urBANUM, L. (Avens, Herb Bennet.)
a. Root. (Clove Root, Radix Caryophyllata.)
Note.—This specimen was found mixed in large proportion with arnica
as an adulterant. It is distinguished from arnica by its astringent taste,
larger size, and by being a true vertical root, nota rhizome. The name
Herb Bennet is probably a corruption of the French name for the plant
**Benoite.” See P. J. [1], vol. iv., p. 422; [3], vol. iv., p. 810; Hist.
des Drog., ‘vol. iii., p. 305. For fig. of the root see Goebel und Kunze,
pt. ii, taf. xxv., fig. 2.
GILLENIA sTIPULACEA, Spreng. (American Ipecacuanha, Indian
Physic.)
a. Root.
Note.—The root is a mild emetic, and is official in the secondary list
of the United States Pharmacopeia. See Wood and Bache, Dispens.,
p- 416. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 282.
Giuenra TRIFOLIATA, Ménch.* (Bowman's Root, Dropwort.)
a. Root.
Note.—Uses and properties similar to those of G. stipulacea. The |
latter grows in the western, and G. trifoliata in the eastern, States. The
roots are sometimes found intermixed with those of senega. For fig. of
root, see Goebel und Kunze, taf. xiii. fig. 3. -
a. Rhizome. (Tormentil Root.) Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, No, 101.
Note.—The rhizome much resembles that of Sanguinaria Canadensis,
but is more pitted externally, and the transverse fracture is not dotted as
in Sanguinaria, and the taste is astringent, not acrid. For fig. of these
two roots, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxi., fig. 1 and 3.
QUILLAIA SAPONARIA, Molin. “a
a. Bark. (Quillai Bark.) |
b. Ditto, fine specimen. |
Note.—Quillai Bark is imported from Chili. It is used as a stimulant |
and detergent in washes for the hair. It contains a principle allied to |
saponin. Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 308; Treas. Bot., p. 952; Journ. de
Pharm., t. xiv., p. 247; t. xix., p. 4. |
Rosa canna, L. (Dog Rose, Wild Rose.) |
a. Fruit. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 103.
Note.—The conserve was formerly known as Extractum Cynosbati.
The root is still used as a remedy for hydrophobia in some parts of
France. Pharmacographia, p. 238; Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 295.
The fruit is a variety of sterio called a cynarrhodon.
a. Flowers.
Note.—This is the common Cabbage Rose ofthe gardens. At Mitcham i
it is said to be cultivated under the name of the Provence rose. Per.
Mat, Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 292; Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 296;
P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 170. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab, 105. i :
1 ’
4s 43
Rosa Damascena, Miller. (Damask Rose.)
a. Otto of rose. ot /
' _ }, Ditto, distilled in England.
e. Tinned copper bottle.
Note.—Otto of Rose is largely adulterated with Turkish oil of gera-
nium, or oil of gingergrass (Andropogon Nardus, L.), which, see. The
purest otto is imported in bottles called “ cappers,” of which specimen ¢
is an example. In Turkey these bottles are called “ kunkoumas.” The
_ oil imported in gilt bottles is generally much adulterated. . See P. J.
{1}, vol ii., p. 663, for Indian otto; P. J. [1], vol. xviii., pp. 429-504 ;
(8), vol. ii., p. 1051; vol. iv., pp. 426, 630; Pharmacographia, p. 238 ;
Journ. Bot., 1875, p. 8.
225. Rosa Gatuica, L. (Rose de Provins.)
a. Flowers. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 104.
. Note.—The astringency of the flowers is due to quercitrin. P. J. [2),
be vol. v., p. 185. At Mitcham this species is cultivated under the name
; of the Damask Rose. P. J. [1], vol. x., p.170. It is also largely culti-
vated at Provins, near Paris.
TriBE Pomez.
226. Cyponta vuLGaRis, Pers.; Pyrus Cyponta, D. (Quince.)
a. Seeds. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 106.
Note.—These seeds are readily distinguished from similar seeds of other
fruits by the fact that they always adhere together in small groups. They
are used for bandoline and as an emollient application to the skin, etc.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 303 ; Pharmacographia, p, 239.
4 LYTHRACE.
227. Lawsonta ineRmis, L.; Lawson aupa, Lam. (Jamaica Migno-
nette, Ugyptian Privet, Henna.)
a. Leaves and young twigs.
Note.—The leaves and young twigs are used for staining the nails a
reddish orange in Oriental countries. T'reas. Bot., p. 665; P. J. [2], vol.
v., p. 78; Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 511.. The leaves are used for ulcerated
mouth, and the fruit is said to be emmenagogue. Ind. Pharm., p. 87.
228. Hyprancra apporescens, L. (Common Hydrangea, Seven
Barks.)
a. Root. . ;
Note.—Used as a remedy for gravel in the United States. P.J. [2]
7. _ Vol. v., p. 310; American Dispens., p. 431,
a CRASSULACE.
| 229. Corrtepon Umemicus, L.; Umsmicus Veneris, Ray. (Navel-
: | wort, Wall Pennywort, Kidneywort.)
. . a. Entire plant. Preserved wet.
S=..- Note.—The leaves are diuretic, and are used in epilepsy and as a domes-
tic remedy for corns and warts. This plant must not be confounded with
the marsh pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris, L.), which grows in boggy
places, and has a thinner leaf and a creeping habit. C. Umbilieus grows
on rocky or sandy banks and walls, For fig. see P. J. [1), vol, viii., pe”
527. C. orbiculata, Haw, is used for similar purposes at the Cape of
Good Hope. P. J. (1), vol. xiii., p. 459; Pappe’s Fl. Cap., p. 17.
230. Bryonta prorca, Jacg. (White Bryony, Mandrake Root.)
CUCURBITACEA.
a. Root.
b. Ditto, preserved wet.
Note.—The root is sometimes used as an application to discoloured
bruises. It must not be confounded with Black Bryony (Tamus com-
munis, L.), an endogenous plant, which has dark, shining, heartshaped
‘entire leaves, nor with the true mandrake (Atropa mandragora, L.). Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 227. White Bryony root is said to have
been substituted for Calumba. It may be distinguished by the action of
Iodine upon the root. Bent. and Red. Mat. Med., p. 294; P. J. [1],
vol. xvii., p. 542; for fig., Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 258.
231. Crrruttus Cotocyrnruts, Schrad.
a. Fruit. (Mogador Oolocynth.)
b. Ditto, decorticated. (Turkey Colocynth.)
ce. Ditto, preserved wet.
d. Pulp of fruit.
e. Seeds, dark.
f. Ditto, pale.
Note.—The presence of seed in powdered colocynth pulp may be de-
tected by the dark colour and the fixed oil which can be extracted by
ether; the pulp containing none, while the seeds contain 17 per cent.
Pharmacographia, p. 263. The pale seeds have lost their vitality ; they
occur in the fruit, mixed with the dark seeds. Bentley, Man. Bot., p.521;
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 210; Pharmacographia, p. 263; for
extract see P. J. [1], vol. xii., pp. 376, 423; Pil. Coloc. Co., P. J. [1],
vol. xii., pp. 271, 323, 495. For Colocynthine, P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 239.
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 114.
232. CucURBITA SPECIES.
a. Oil. (Oleuwm Egusé.)
Note.—The oil is used in West Africa as a dietetic article and as an
application to certain skin diseases, P.J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 307.
238. EcBALLIUM OFFICINARUM, Rich.; E. Enarerirum, A. Rich.; Mo-
morpica Exarerium, L. (Squirting Racanston:}
a. Root, preserved wet.
b. Leaves and fruit, ditto. a?
, ce. Elaterium.
d. Ditto. © Prepared at Mitchama, in 1836, by Messrs.
Potter & Moor.
e. Ditto. Prepared at Apothecaries’ ays in 1839.
f. Ditto. Maltese Elaterium.
Note.—The greenish colour of fresh Elaterium disappears after a time.
- The Maltese kind often contains starch. ‘P. J. [1], vol. x., p.168; Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 218. ° Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 115. -
Bier
a _— ti
BUIL 4 corpirout, L. (Antidote Cacoons, Baqua, Avila.)
“a. Seeds. Presented by Mr. Dillon.
, Note.—The seeds are purgative and emetic, and have an intone
bitter taste. They are used by the negroes in Jamaica as an antidote to
poisons. Treas. Bot., p. 491. The oil expressed from the seeds is used
as a remedy for rheumatism.’ The tincture of the seeds is used to
counteract the effects of eating poisonous fish. P.J. [1], vol. v., p. 33;
. [2], vol. iv., p. 198.
235. Lacenaria vunearis, Ser. (Bottle Gourd, Oabaco; Cocombro,
| Abobara do Carneiro.)
a. Fruit.
' Note.—The pulp possesses cathartic properties. The fruit is called
the bottle gourd from its shape. See Mart. Syst. Mat. Med. Bras., p. 81.
236. Lurra Alaypriaca, Dec. (Towel Gourd.)
a. Fruit, deprived of the soft parts.
Note.—The ligneous network of the fruit, split open, is used as a flesh
brush. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 522.
237. Lurrap urcans, Mart.; Momorpica Lurra, L. (South Ameri-
can Oolocynth, Buchu, Buchinha, Oabacinho.)
~ a. Fruit and tincture.
Note.—The extract is used in Brazil as a substitute for colocynth, and
acts effectually in a dose of three grains. P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 569; vol.
iv., p. 466; Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 522.
CACTACEZ.
238. Opuntia coccrneLtirera, L. (Indian Fig, Prickly Pear.)
: a. Gum. (Gomme de Nopal.)
9 Note.—This specimen came from Mexico, and was presented by Dr.
; Lindley. It is insoluble in water and contains crystals of oxalate of cal-
’ cium. Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., pp. 254, 453.
MYRTACEA.
TRIBE SEPTOSPERM.
239. CaryopHyLius aromaticus, Z.; EvuGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA, Thunb.
a. Leaves and flower-buds, preserved wet.
b. Unripe fruit, ditto. (Mother Cloves.)
_c. Flower-buds. (Amboyna Cloves.)
d. Ditto. (Bencoolen Cloves.)
_— e. Ditto. (Bourbon Cloves.)
Se f. Ditto. (Malabar Cloves.)
g. Ditto. (Zanzibar Cloves.)
Note.—Mother cloves contain large starch granules, by which their
presence may be detected if present in powdered cloves. Clove stalks are
imported into this country, and used for adulterating powdered cloves. ~
They may be detected by containing thick-walled cells, which are not
in cloves. Pharmacographia, p. 255. For Caryophyllin, see
P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 348 ; for percentage of oil, P. J. [1], vol., xi., p. 470.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 112.
»
I
* ~
al
-
i -
-_
Va ra ‘<
241.
242.
_ 248.
244.
245.
. Evcatyprus amyapatina, Labill. (Narrow-leaved Peppermint
46
Tree.)
a. Balsam. Presented by Mr. J. N. Bosisto, of Melbourne.
—b. Gum.
c. Volatile oil. . P. J. [3], vol. iii., pp. 23, 43.
Note.—The leaves and young branches yield 2 to 4 per cent. of volatile
oil, which is used in soap manufactories to dilute otto of roses, neroli,
and other expensive perfumes. It does not answer so well as the Mallee
oil (E. oleosa) for dissolving amber, opal, and Kaurie gum. P. J. [3],
vol. ii., p. 628. The gum is soluble in water, but the solution is turbid
when cold. P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 103.
Evcatyprus FraBroruM, Schlecht. (Stringy Bark Tree.)
a. Gum.
Note.—The gum is not readily soluble in water. This specimen was
presented by Mr. Bosisto. P.J. [3], vol. ii., p. 103. This species is
referred by Bentham to E. obliqua, Hérit.
Evucatyprus @Losuna, Labill. (Blue Gum Tree.)
a. Gum.
b. Eucalyptol.
Note.—The gum is very astringent, and soluble in water, but the solu-
’ tion is turbid when cold. This specimen was obtained from blue gum
trees cultivated in Ceylon. Presented by Mr. A. P. Balkwill, of Plymouth,
August, 1873. Dried specimens of the plant are in the Herbarium.
Eucalyptol is that portion of the volatile oil which boils regularly at
175° F. P.J. [8], vol.i. p. 78. For micr. structure of leaves, see P. J.
[3], vol. iii., p. 990. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 109.
EUCALYPTUS MANNIFERA, A. Ownn.
a. Saccharine exudation. (Australian Manna.)
Note.—E. viminalis, Labill, yields a similar substance. See Melitose, -
Gmelin, Chem., vol. xv., p. 292. Bentham, in the Fl. Aust., refers A.
mannifera, A. Cunn, to a form of E. viminalis with large fruit.
EUCALYPTUS RESINIFERA, Lin.
a. Bark. ;
b. Ditto, with gum attached.
ce. Gum. (Botany Bay Kino.)
Note.—This gum may be recognised by its reddish tint and powdery
surface. Its tincture is said to be more liable to deposit pectine than East
Indian kino. Botany Bay kino is probably produced by several species
of Eucalyptus. Pharmacographia, p. 174.
EUCALYPTUS ROSTRATA, Schlecht.
a. Gum. (Red Gum.)
Note.—The name red gum is also sometimes applied to the gum of E.
resinifera. -
For further information on the various species of Eucalyptus, see P. J.
[3]; vol. iv., pp. 494, 781, 872; also Raveret Wattel on L’Eucalyptus,
Bull. de la Soc. d’ Acclimatation, 1871; Lancet, April 20, 1872.
|
Dis
Bees Suns 1105 Pathe tcorsie, Zea (Allspice.)
a. Fruit. .
b. Volatile oil of the fruit.
Note.—In France, the name Piment is applied to the Capsicum andto | 8
Chenopodium Botrys, L., allspice being distinguished as Piment de la
Jamaique. Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 275; Treas. Bot., pp. 475, 889;
Pharmacographia, p. 255. P. J. (2), vol. vii., p. 616. For fig. of plant,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 110, 111.
. Evornta Jampos, L. . (Rose Apple.)
a. Fruit, preserved wet.
Note.—The rose apple is also yielded ey E. Sdnacened. Treas. Bot., —
p. 475.
248. Metatevea MINOR, Smith ; M. tevcapENDRON, L. (Cajeput Tree.)
a. Volatile oil, from the leaves. (Cajeput Oil.)
Note.—It occasionally contains traces of copper, as the oil readily acts
on that metal when kept in copper vessels. It dissolves India-rubber.
P. J. [8], vol. ii., p. 804; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 227; Pharma-
cographia, p. 247. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 108.
249. MELALEUCA ERICIFOLIA, Smith.
a. Volatile oil.
Note.—This oil agrees with that of M. minor, except in optical
properties. Pharmacographia, p. 249.
250. METROSIDEROS TOMENTOSA, Reich. (Fire Tree, Pohutu Kawa.)
a. Bark.
Note.—It is called in New Zealand the fire tree, on account of the
brilliant colour of its flowers. Treas Bot., p. 740. The specimen of
bark was presented by Dr. Forbes Watson.
Trips Myrrex.
251. Pounica Granatom, L. (Pomegranate.)
a. Fruit. ,
b. Flowers. (Balaustine Flowers.)
ce. Root bark.
Note.—Box-tree bark is somewhat similar in appearance to the root
bark, but is not affected by ferric salts, Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. IL.,
p. 240; Pharmacographia, p. 257; P. J. [2], vol. iii., p. 429. The
curious fruit of this tree appears to be formed by an outer row of carpels
being brought above the lower row during the growth of the fruit. See
Martius’ Flor. Bras., fase. xviii., pt. i., taf.8,9. For fig. of plant, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 113.
LECYTHIDACEZ.
252, Lecyrnis Zapucaso, Aubl.; L. vsrrava, Miers. | -
a. Seeds. Siimnccnins Woe.) a
Note.—The seeds, incorreetly called nuts, come from Para. They are
_ edible, and an oil is obtained from them. Treas. Bot., p. 667; Hist. des
Drog., vol. iii., p. 271. P. J. [8], vol. v., p. 726.
"4
Ad
f '
i AM Ms) ae ie sD
253. Mmmecyton GRANDIS, Retz.
MELASTOMACEA.
a. Bark.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. De vey.
* HALORAGACEA.
254. TRAPA BISPINOSA, Hab. (Water Chestnut, Singhara Nut.)
a. Fruit.
Note.—The seeds are edible. For fig. of the starch see P. J. [3], vol. is
p. 125. For fig. of the fruit, etc., see Treas. Bot., p. 1161.
COMBRETACEA.
255. TermMinatia Beterica, Roxb.
a. Drupes. (Bastard Myrabolans, Bedda Nuts.)
256. Terminatia Cartappa, L.
a. Fruit. |
Note.—The kernels, which are called in India “ Country Almonds,”
yield a bland oil, similar to that of almonds, but containing more stearine.
See Ind. Pharm., p. 89.
257. TeRMINALiA CHEBULA, Retz.
a. Drupes. (Ohebulic Myrabolans.)
b. Ditto, immature, from Rohilkund. (Black Myrabolans.)
258. TERMINALIA CITRINA, Rob.
a. Drupes.
Note.—The fruits of the above species are imported into this country in
large quantities for calico printing and tanning, and are ground in mills
specially constructed for the purpose, chiefly in the north of England.
The fruits of T. chebula are purgative without griping. The unripe fruits,
or black myrabolans, are called Hurritokee in India; specimen 258 }, is
one of those exhibited at the International Exhibition of 1851. The é
fruits are used as an astringent in diarrhoea. Those of T. Belerica are
intoxicating, and even narcotic if taken in quantity. Bentley, Man.
Bot., p. 531. Lindley’ s Fl. Med., p. 633. For fig. of fruits, see Hist.
des Drog., vol. iii., pp. 283-285. .
RHIZOPHORACEA.
259. Ruizornora Manet, LZ. (Black Mangrove Tree.) q
a. Bark. '
Note.—The bark is astringent, and is used for dyeing and tanning.
Treas. Bot., p. 975; P. J. [1], vol. vi., p. 11. x :
260. — RACEMOSA, Meyer. ; i
. Bark.
o. —This specimen is from the International Exhibition of 1851, >
and was contributed by Mr. J. 8. Stutchbury, of Demerara. Itissaidto
be a valuable remedy in cases of chylous urine. P. J. [1], vol xi., p. 160.
Trees of several other families are called rs See Treas. Bot.,
p. 717.
na
Pee em GORRAORAR,
262,
263.
264.
265.
266.
es
=
261 Botetrs Hokona,T. (American Dogwood.)
co
a. Bark. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 136.
Waeoeaia in the U. 8. P. It is used like cinchona bark.
Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 329; Treas. Bot., p. 333.
UMBELLIFER2. »-
Afruvsa Cynarium, L. (Fools’ Parsley.)
a, Umbels and fruit. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas,
taf, 41.
Note.—This plant much resembles hemlock; it may be distinguished
by haying three long pendulous bracts beneath each partial umbel, no
general involucre, and no spots on the stem. For fig. of fruit, see P. J.
{1}, vol. ii., p. 341. The ridges of the fruit are not crenate, and there are
vittw between the ridges. See Conium maculatum ; Pharmacographia,
p. 269; Treas. Bot., p. 26. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 125.
ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS, L.; PEUCEDANUM GRAVEOLENS, Benth.
a. Fruit. (Dill Seed.)
b. Volatile oil.
Note.—Dill is known in India under the name of suva or sdyah. It is
the anise of Matthew xxiii. 23. Pharmacographia, p. 292. For mier.
section of fruit, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 43. It yields 2-8 per cent. of
volatile oil. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 132.
Apiom Perrosetinum, DL. (Parsley.)
a. Root, preserved wet., Presented by Mr. Squire.
b. Fruit. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 42.
c. Volatile oil.
Note.—The seeds possess diuretic properties. Treas. Bot., p.79. For
Apiol, see P. J. [2], vol. iv., p. 269.
ARCHANGELICA OFFICINALIS, Hoffm.
a. Root, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. Squire.
b. Fruit. ~
ec. Volatile oil.
Note.—The root is used in some parts of the country for toothache,
like pellitory root. It forms an ingredient in the cholera powder of
herbalists, being considered anti-pestilential. The fruits are said to be
used to flavour gin. The green stalks are sold as an aromatic candy.
P. J. 1), vol. ii., p. 206; Treas. Bot., p. 66. For micr. section of root,
see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf.14. For fig. of root, see Goebel und Eunse,
pt. ii., taf. xxvi., fig. 1.
Carum Carvi, L. (Caraway.)
a. Fruit. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 42.
b. Ditto, powdered.
ce. Ditto. (Mogador Caraways.) B. & Tr., Med. Pl., tab. 121.
d. Volatile oil.
Note.—The fruits yield 49 per cent. of oil. The Mogador cnragve
were presented by Mr. D, Hanbury; they are paler and longer than other
"varieties. Pharmacogrephic, p. 271; P. J. [3], vol. iii., p. 623.
E .
i
267.
269.
270.
271.
979.
50
Cia virosa, L. (Water Hemloch, uanaa
a. Root.
b. Fruit. For mier. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xlii., fig. 100.
Note.—The fruits are globular, and the leaflets lanceolate and sharply
serrate, and the plant may thus be distinguished from hemlock and water
dropwort. The root ‘of Cicuta virosa is premorse, that of G@nanthe
crocata has five or more tubercules. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 118, 119.
. Conrum macutatum, L. (Hemlock.)
a. Fruit. For micr. sect., see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf, xlii., fig. 104.
b. Leaves. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 118.
c. Stem, leaves, flowers, and fruit.
d. Root, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. Squire.
Note.—There is an exotic plant, Cherophyllum cicutarium, which
closely resembles Conium, in having a smooth spotted stem and similar
leaves ; but it has not the odour of Conium, and the fruit is cylindrical,
and longer than that of hemlock. Conium fruits resemble in size and
shape those of Russian anise; but the latter usually have the stalks
attached, and are covered with minute hairs, Conium fruits have no
vitte. Rough Chervil (Cherophyllum temulum, Linn.) has a rough
spotted stem, with swollen joints. See Athusa Cynapium and @nanthe
crocata. Pharmacographia, p. 266; P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 40; [2], vol. ix.,
pp. 53, 471; [2], vol. viii., pp. 413, 452, 572, 601, 710 : [3], vol. i., pp. 348,
584, 843. For Conia and Conhydrine, P. J. [1], vol. xvii., p. 214. For
‘the extract, P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 267.
Corranprum sativum, L. (Col, Coliander, Coriander.)
a. Fruit.
b. Volatile oil.
Note.—The fruits yield a half per cent. of volatile oil. ‘The fresh plant
has an odour like that of bugs. P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 396; Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 293. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 133.
Cuminum Cyrminum, L.
a. Fruit. (Cummin Seed.) Bentl. & Tr., Med. Plants, tab. 134.
Note.—Cummin fruits somewhat resemble in size and shape those of
fennel, but usually have the ridges finer, more numerous, and covered
with minute bristles. Cummin fruits yield about one half per cent. of
volatile oil. Pharmacographia, p. 295. For fig. see Hist. des Drog., vol.
iii., p. 227. For micr. section, she Anat. Atlas, taf. xlii., fig. 107.
Daucus Carora, L.
a. Fruit. (Carrot Seed.)
Note.—For micr. section of fruit see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xliii., fig.
111. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 135.
Dorema Ammontacom, Don.
a. Flowering stem, with the gum resin and a few seeds
attached. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 129, 130.
Note.—This interesting specimen was brought from near Ghorian in
Persia, by Sir J. MacNeill, in 1839, and presented to Dr. Lindley, from
whom Dr. Pereira received it. A letter concerning the specimen is
enclosed in the jar with it. P.J. [1], vol. i., p. 578.
4
{
i A, : 4 - ‘ > ad
72, Dorema Ammontacum, continued.
b. Gum resin; ammoniacum in lump.
. Note —This specimen is from the same source as specimen a.
ce. Ammoniacum in lump, showing theimpression of matting.
d, Ditto, showing impression of canvas.
e. Ammoniacum in tears. Two specimens.
Note.—Ammoniacum in tears somewhat resembles olibanum externally,
but has a smooth surface outside and an opaque fracture ; while olibanum
is powdery externally, and has a translucent fracture and different odour.
Lump ammoniacum resembles galbanum; but, unlike the latter, it can-
not be indented bythe finger nail. Pharmacographia, p.288. P.J. (3),
vol. vi., p. 321.
African ammoniacum is very similar in appearance, but has an odour
resembling that of apples. See Ferula tingitana, P.J. [3], vol. iii., p. 761.
273. Evryancium Sumsvut, Kauffman.
a. Root. (Sumbul Root, Musk Root.)
Note.—Sumbul appears to be a generic name in India for perfumed
roots. P.J. (1), vol. vii., p. 546. Of Indian Sumbul there is no speci-
men in the museum. P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 46; vol. xi., p. 358; (3),
vol. vi., p. 43. Pharmacographia, p. 278. A specimen of the plant is
in the ‘Herbarium of the Society. For ‘Ag. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 131.
. ERYNGIUM CAMPESTRE, LD.
a. Root. (Hringo Root.)
Note.—Formerly official in the Ph. L., and the roots were sold in a
candied state.
275. Fanicutum putce, D. 0. (Roman Fennel, Sweet Fennel.)
a. Fruit. See Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 231.
b. Fruit. (Saxon Fennel.) Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, No. 123.
276. Faenicutum Panmorium, D.C. (Indian Fennel.)
a. Fruit. (Panmuhuri.)
277. F@nicuLum voLeare, Gaertn.
a. Fruit. (Wild Fennel, Bitter Fennel.)
Note.—The most esteemed sort of fennel seeds, or more properly fruits,
are longer than other varieties, and are obtuse at the ends. The smaller
variety, known in commerce as short fennel seeds, are not so sweet, and
are tapering at the ends, and much resemble cummin in size and shape.
The Indian fennel seeds are somewhat obtuse at the ends, and generally
quite straight, Wild fennel seeds are short, dark, and obtuse at the ends.
The above species are generally supposed to be varieties of Feniculum
, vulgare. Pharmacographia, p. 274; Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 398.
278. Feruta GALBANirLua, Boiss. et Buhse.
a. Gum resin; Galbanum in lump.
b. Ditto; Galbanum in tears. Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, No. 128.
Note.—Galbanum may be distinguished from other gum resins by its
_ faintly alliaceous, somewhat musky, odour, and by being easily indented
by the finger nail, especially where the tears have a bluish tint. Gal-
banum is also produced by F. rubricaulis, Boiss. Pharmacographia, p. 285.
-
Se | ee Pe
279.
281.
. 282.
283.
284.
285.
Frrvia orrenrauis, L. a
a. Root. (Fasogh, or Feshook.) a
Note.—This root has been twice sent from Morocco, as that of the
plant yielding African ammoniacum. This specimen was presented by
Dr. A. Leared. Another specimen is now (1876) growing in the Royal
Botanical Gardens, Regent’s Park, London.
. Fervuta Trnaitana, D.
a. Gum resin. (African Ammoniacum.)
Note.—This gum resin is called Feshook in Mogador, and is said
by Lindley to be yielded by the above-mentioned plant. Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 289. See Dorema ammoniacum. The root sent over from
Morocco as that of the Feshook plant produces Ferula orientalis, L.,
when grown in this country. P. J. [3], vol. vi., p. 142. ’
The taste and odour of the Museum specimen of African Ammoniacum .
correspond more nearly with those of the root of F. Tingitana.
Heracteum SpHonpyuium, L. |
a. Fruit. :
Note.—This fruit shows the usual shape of vitte with remarkable
distinctness.
Hyprocotyte Astatica, D.
a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 117. -
Note.—The leaves are official in the Ind. Pharm. They are used 5
either in powder or in the form of poultice, as an application to
syphilitic ulcers. Ind. Pharm., p. 107; Pharmacographia, p. 264.
NaRTHEX ASSAF@TIDA, Falconer ; Feruta Narruex, Boiss.
a. Root. | q
b. Gum resin, in lumps. Two specimens. |
c. Ditto, in tears. Two specimens.
Note.—The darker specimens of b and c belonged to Dr. Pereira, and
are those from which his description of the drug was taken. Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 177. Scorodosma feetidum, Bunge, is also
supposed to yield some of the assafcetida of commerce. Pharmacographia,
p. 284. Pure assafcetida is known under the name of hing in Bombay,
the impure drug being called hingra. The root, specimen a, was —
gathered in Beloochistan, in 1850, by Dr. J. E. Stocks, see P. J. [1], vol.
xiv., p. 460. For oil of assafoetida, see P. J. [1], vol. i., p. 605; tincture, -
P. J. [8], vol. iv., p. 168; syrup, P. J. [8], vol. ii., p. 630; glycerole,
P. J. [8], vol. iii., p.186. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 126, 127.
(iyantue crocata, L. (Hemlock, Water Dropwort.)
a. Fruit.
Note.—The fruit is much longer than that. of conium, and is more
cylindrical; it has also two long persistent styles. It is often con-
founded with Cicuta virosa, which see for distinctive characters. R. J.
[1], vol. xii., p. 591. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 121. °
OPOPANAX Currontum, Koch.
a. Gum resin; Opopanax in lump.
b. Ditto; Opopanax in tears.
Note.—The lump opopanax has a slight resemblance externally to
myrrh, but the odour is very different, and has been compared to that
of bruised ivy leaves. Pharmacographia, p. 291; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
j
q
’
L. Hist. des Drog., vol. iii., p. 250.
»
a, Fruit. (Alicant Aniseed.)
b. Ditto. (German Aniseed.)
ec. Ditto. (Russian Aniseed.) .
Note.—Russian aniseed is much smaller than the other varieties, being _*
about the size of hemlock fruit, from which it may be distinguished at
sight by the persistent fruit stalks and the mericarps remaining united.
{ The Alicant variety is the best. Per. Mat: Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 162;
Pharmacographia, p. 277. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 122.
287. Prycnotis Asowan, D. 0. (True Bishop’s Weed.)
a. Fruits. (Ajowan Seeds, Semen Ajave.)
Note.—The fruits are official in the Ind. Pharm., under the name of
Carum Ajowan, Benth, and are used as a carminative. The fruits are
covered with minute tubercles, by which, and by their thyme-like odour,
they may be distinguished from the seeds of Apium graveolens, A. in-
volucratum, and A. petroselinum, which in size and shape they much
resemble, Ind. Pharm., p. 99; Pharmacographia, p. 271, art. Ammi
Copticum; P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 272. For fig., see P. J. [8], vol. i.,
p. 1007. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 120.
288. Sacapenum.
a. Gum resin; Sagapenum in lump.
b. Ditto; Ditto in tears.
c. Ditto; Ditto somewhat agglutinated.
Note.—The botanical source of the drug is unknown. In medieval
times it was called serapinum. It smells like assafetida, but less
strongly, and differs in the tears not becoming pink when broken and
exposed to the air. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 183; Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 291.
289. Szninum patostre, L.; PrucepaANuM MONTANUM, Koch.
_ a. Root.
Note.—The root is used like ginger in Russia. In Courland it is
used for epilepsy. Lindley’s Fl» Med., p. 49. P. J. [2], vol, i., p. 234.
290. Tuapsta GARGANICA, var. y. aeaIM, D. C.
a. Root.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. A. Leared, and was received
by him from Mogador. The small specimen in the same bottle was brought
from Oyrenaica by Vice-Consul Henderson, of Bengazi. See P.J. [3], vol.
iv., p. 598. A leaf of the plant is in the Herbarium of the Society. It
is distinguished from the typical plant by the leaves being hairy, and by
their having revolute margins. De Candolle Prodromus, vol. iv., p. 202.
ARALIACEA.
291. Aratia spinosa, LD. (Angelica Tree, Toothache Tree, Prickly
|
Elder.) ; ) :
_ a. Bark. (Aralia Bark.) —
b. Root.
Note.—Official in the secondary list of the U.S. P. It is used as a ei
stimulant and diaphoretic. Amer. Dispens., p. 125. Se
292.
293.
294.
295.
296.
54
Arattia nupicauuis, L. (American. Sarsaparilla, Wild or False
Sarsaparilla, Small Spikenard.)
a. Root. Two specimens.
Note.—Official in secondary list of the U. 8. P. It is used as a
diaphoretic and alterative, like sarsaparilla. Amer. Dispens., p. 124.
Panax Ginsene, Mey.
a. Root. (Ginseng Root.)
Note.—This specimen was brought from China by Mr. R. Fortune. -
P. J. [2], vol. iii., p. 332. By the Chinese this root is valued at its
weight in gold; and most wonderful restorative properties are ascribed
to it. Dr. Porter Smith’s Mat. Med. China, p. 103.
Panax QuinquEroLium, LD.
a. Root. (American Ginseng.)
Note.—This root is occasionally found accidentally mixed with senega
and with serpentary roots. Amer. Dispens., p. 596. Goebel und Kunze,
pt. ii., taf. v. fig. 1., a, 6, ¢, ¢.
COROLLIFLORA.
CAPRIFOLIACEA.
SaMBucus NIGRA, D.
a. Section of trunk..
b. Bark.
c. Ditto, separated from owes stalks.
d. Volatile oil, from the flowers.
e. Ditto, dissolved in spirit of wine.
Note.—The bark is purgative. As sold on the Continent the flowers
usually have the stalk attached; but in this country, except in some of
the provinces, without them. Treas. Bot., p. 1013. The leaves are used
to colour oleum viride and ung. sambuci viride, and the juice of the
berries to colour artificial wines. For detection of elder juice in wine,
see P. J. [3], vol. i, p. 848. For volatile oil, Gmel. Chem., vol. xiv.
(1860), p. 368. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 137, 188, An
allied species, 8. Canadensis, L., is official in the U. S. P.
RUBIACEZ.
CrpHartis Iprcacuanua, A. Rich. (Poaya verdadeira, vel de
Botica, Brazil.)
a. Root. Brown annulated ipecacuanha.
b. Ditto. Blackish grey ditto. From Prof. Guibourt.
c. Ditto. Brown non-annulated. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. ii., p. 58, fig. 8b.
Ditto. Red annulated ditto.
Ditto. Reddish grey ditto. From Prof. Guibourt.
Grey annulated ditto.
. Ditto, with the rings not well developed.
SWS &
296. Cupmarzis Ipecacvanna, continued.
_ Note.—The above specimens are those described in Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 58. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 145.
h. Brown ipecacuanha root. .
i, Carthagena or New Granada ipecacuanha, 1873.
Note.—Specimen i appears to be identical with the grey annulated
ipecacuanha of Pereira. It is larger and less annulated than the ordinary
kind. Pharmacographia, p. 331,334. The term poaya is applied to many
emetic roots in Brazil. For micr. sect. of root, see Berg, Anat. Atlas,
taf. vii. For fig. of root, see Martius, Specim. Mat. Med. Brasil., tab. 8.
; COLLECTION OF TYPICAL CINCHONA BARKS.
297. (1) Cincnona Catisaya, Weddell. (Calisaya Bark.)
a.’ Bark. Flat Calisaya.
b. Ditto. Quilled Calisaya, from South America.
ec. Ditto. Ditto, cultivated in India.
d. Ditto. Ditto, cultivated in Java.
e. Ditto: Ditto, var. Ledgeriana.
Note.—The flat Calisaya may be recognised by being deprived of the
periderm or external layer, and by having digital furrows, i.e., longitu-
dinal shallow depressions, such as would be made by drawing the finger
along the surface of putty or dough. The fibres are short, and under a
lens many of them are seen to be translucent. There are several
varieties of flat Calisaya, distinguished by tint, as orange, pale, and dark
Calisaya. The Bolivian quilled Calisaya bark is usually in larger quills
than that of C. Condaminea, and the periderm peels off readily, leaving
the marks of its fissures visible in the portion underneath. Indian
quilled calisaya is usually in smaller quills, and closely resembles in
appearance the bark of C."Condaminea; it generally has, however, a few
distinct transverse cracks encircling the quills.
(2) CincHona Lanciroia, Mutis.
a. Large quilled pieces. (Columbian Bark.)
Note.—This bark is distinguished by its very fibrous fracture, and by
occurring always in more or less curved or quilled pieces of tolerable
thickness, having externally the remains of a whitish silvery periderm.
Varieties of this bark are known under the names of Caqueta bark and
Carthagena bark. Soft Columbian bark, according to Hanbury, is produced
by C. lancifolia, var.oblonga, How. See transl. Wedd. Notes on Quingq., p.
28. Some of it, however, is produced by a comparatively worthless bark,
C. lucumefolia, Pav. Columbian bark is largely used in the manufacture
of quinine. From a memorandum on a specimen of this bark in Dr.
Pereira’s collection, it seems to have been first noticed in English
commerce in 1829.
(3) Crncnona orriornatis, Hook. (Pale Bark.)
a. Quills, from South America.
b. Ditto, from India.
ce. Ditto, from Java.
_ d. Ditto, from Ceylon.
Note.—Pale bark always occurs in quills ; the quills from South America
are usually more covered with lichens than those from India. The
;
-_ =
-
56
297. (4) CrNcHONA OFFICINALIS, continued.
periderm does not readily peel off. Several other. species yield barks
similar in appearance: viz., O. macrocalyx, Pav., C. Humboldtiana,
Lamb., C. Peruviana, How., OC. nitida, R. et P., C. micrantha, R. et P., C.
Pahudiana, How., OC. Hasskarliana, How. The first five come chiefly
from Peru, the last two are hybrids cultivated in India and Java.
(5) Crncnona succrrusra, Pav.
a. Red bark, in flat pieces, from South America.
b. Ditto, in quills, from India.
c. Ditto, in small quills.
d. Ditto, in very slender quills.
Note.—Specimen d was presented by Mr. Southall. As anyon by
Dr. De Vrij it contained—
Cinchonine _... hr sa i 22025
Paricine ; +7 vo S24'1O
Amorphous Alkaloide- Be .» 0°565
2-800
Its geographical source is unknown.
298. The following specimens consist of a series of CrncHona Barks
AND THEIR ALKALOIDS, presented by Messrs. Howarp & Sons.
To many of these specimens remarks by Mr. J. E. Howarp
are appended. These remarks are placed between inverted
commas. The initials J. EK. H. indicate notes inserted by
Mr. Howarp when revising this portion of the easnata: del
(1) CincHona amyepatiroLia, Wedd.
a. Bark, in flat pieces and in quills.
Note.—This bark is not now imported, but used to come occasionally
into commerce from Peru and Bolivia. It has a white deeply fissured
outer layer, easily peeling off, and leaving a silvery coat underneath. It
was considered of little value, and was not distinguished by any special
name in English commerce. ‘In Bolivia it is called Quepo cascarilla, and
in Peru, Cascarilla echenique.” See Wedd. Ann. Sc. Nat., 1869, p. 37.
Hist. Nat. Quing., p. 46., tab. vi.; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 75.
(2) Cincnona avstratis, Wedd. (Cochabamba Bark.)
a. Small flat pieces without periderm.
Note.—This is an inferior bark occurring mixed with Calisaya. It
comes from Southern Bolivia, and is still occasionally met with in’
English commerce. In Bolivia it is called Cascarilla de la Cordillera, or
de Piray, and Cascarilla de Santa-Cruz. See Wedd. Ann. Sc. Nat., vol.
x., p. 7; and Hist. Nat. Quingq., pt. viii. In English commerce this bark
is known as ‘‘ Cochabamba bark.” ‘
It occurs in small flat pieces without periderm, much thinner than
Calisaya, finely fibrous, externally marked with fine longitudinal wrinkles,
and having a more astringent taste than Calisaya.
(3) Crncoona Cauisaya, Wedd. coer Bark.)
Var. a, vera, Wedd,
a. Yellow Calisaya, in flat pieces, without periderm.
‘
298. (3) Crxcuowa Cartsava, sauitnnee:
b. Ditto, in quills, with the periderm partly exfoliated.
ec. Ditto, in quills, with periderm. '
d. Ditto, ditto, with very rough periderm.
Note.—The above specimens are called Calisaya amarilla, dorada,
or anaranjada (yellow, golden, or orange-coloured Calisaya), in Bolivia.
Specimen c is the ‘‘ China Regia convoluta of Bergen.” For fig. see Goebel
und Kunze, taf. vii., fig. 5,6. Specimen d was probably “obtained from
near the root.” For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 141.
e. Pale Calisaya, in flat pieces.
f. Ditto, ditto. For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. viii.,
figs. 1-4.
g. Ditto, in large very thin quills. For fig., see ibid., taf. vii.
figs. 5, 6.
Note.—Specimen e resembles C. cordifolia externally, but differs in
fracture; specimen f is the ‘‘ old monopoly bark of J. T. Pinto &
Co.,” and is marked with their brand . Specimen g is ‘‘ more
like” the bark of var. +, ‘‘ morada.”
h. Dark Calisaya, in large flat pieces, with but little
periderm.
Note.—Compare specimen h with C. ovata, var. 8, Erythroderma.
i. Woody variety, from Carabaya.
Note.—Specimen h is called in Peru, Calisaya zamba, negra, or macha,
i.e., black, or male Calisaya. It grows in Apolobamba and Carabaya,
in Peru. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 88. Specimen i is marked
thus, ‘‘unknown to Weddell.” It has a coarser fibre than the other
varieties.
j. In large quills, with periderm.
Note.—This bark is called Cascarilla zamba morada. It is the
*Calisaya morada of Weddell,” and is a “very fine bark.” Where
exfoliated it has a purplish tinge.
k. Large quills, with périderm.
Note.—See P. J. [2], vol. viii., pp. 14, 80.
Var.8. Josepniana, Wedd.
a. Flat pieces, with periderm.
b. Bark from the root.
Note.—These specimens are the Ichu Cascarilla, or Cascarilla del
_pajonal (meadow cinchona), of the natives; so called because the tree
prefers open ground, or meadows on the mountains, and is not found
in the forests. Specimen a is marked “ Calisaya of uncertain kind, bark
from the stock.” This bark always occurs in short more or less twisted
pieces.
Var. y. MorRADA, Planch.
a. Quills, with periderm. (Fine Calisaya.)
b. Ditto, ditto. (Calisaya Verde.)
ec. Ditto, without periderm.
_ d. Thin flat pieces, without periderm.
~—
~
58
298. (3) Crycnona Catisaya, continued. !
e. Thick and flat or slightly curved pieces.
Note.—Var. y, Morada, is the C. Boliviana of Wedd., the Cascarilla
morada of Bolivia, and the Cascarilla verde morada of Peri. Specimen d
is known by the name of ‘‘ Charquesillo” (charque meaning strips of sun-
dried flesh). Specimen e is called “tabla.” It is a ‘‘ very fine bark.” It
“* differs from the Calisaya morada of Weddell.” See specimen d of var.
a, Vera, According to Weddell Calisaya bark may be distinguished
from C. scrobiculata, H. and B.,and from C. ovata, var. rufinervis, by the
fibres being easily detached from a transverse fracture instead of being
flexible and adherent as in the two latter barks. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. ii., p. 88. In C. scrobiculata the fibres form radial and less interrupted
rows. In C, Calisaya, var. ~y morada (C. Boliviana, Wedd.) the flat pieces
possess laticiferous vessels, while the flat Calisaya does not; they are |
present, however, in the quills of both species, and the morada varietycan _
then only be distinguished by its relative thinness. Pharmacographia,
p. 320; P. J. [2], vol. viii., p. 14.
(4) Crincnona corpirouia, Wedd. (Hard Carthagena Bark.)
a. Large quills.
b. Flat pieces.
Note.—This bark is the hard Sains bark of Pereira, or hard
Columbian bark of commerce, and the China flava dura of Bergen. In
Peru and Bolivia it is known as ‘ Cascarilla mula;” and in Bogota as
“Quina amarilla.” The quills are usually large, heavy, and without
periderm ; sometimes of a tea green tint, and wrinkled longitudinally, but
generally much resembling in colour those of C. lancifolia, from which
they differ in having a very short, not fibrous, fracture. _ The flat pieces
are thin, hard, somewhat curved, and of a tea green or maroon tint, with
the remains of a white periderm, and small flat pale brown warts. The
taste is earthy and bitter. Maracaibo bark (C. Tucujensis) was formerly
included by Pereira and Planchon under this species. Hist. des Drog.,
vol. iii., p. 177. This bark is well figured in Del. et Bouch. Quinolog.,
pl. x. Carabaya bark somewhat resembles the flat variety of C. cordi-
folia, but it has a darker exterior, and the fibres are much finer, and the
warts, are smaller and darker in colour.
(5) Crncnona eLurprica, Wedd. oie ge Bark.)
a. Flat pieces.
b. Quills.’
Note.—This bark is now scarcely imported. It formerly came from
Islay, where it was known as “ Quina carmin.”’ It much resembles the
bark of C. cordifolia in aspect, but its taste is more astringent. It
contains 3°4 per cent. of alkaloids, consisting of cinchonine, quinidine, and
quinine. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 95. For fig. of bark see
Del. et Bouch., Quinolog. pl. ii.
(6) CrNcHONA HETEROPHYLLA, Paw. | :
a, Quills.
Note.—This bark comes over occasionally mixed with quill Calisaya,
and is known as “ Cascarilla negrilla.”” It is much darker in colour and —
less cracked than any other quilled bark. See Hist. des ake vol. iii.,
p- 181. It ‘contains the quinidine of Pasteur.” ie
298. (7) CrvcHona tancuonata, R. ef P. (West Coast Carthagena
Bark, partly.)
a. Quills and thick curved pieces.
Note.—This is a variety of Carthagena bark which ‘comes vid the
Pacific.” It is described by Pereira under the name of fibrous or spongy
Carthagena. Per. Mat. Med., 3rd edition, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 1645;
see Ex. of Pavon’s specimens, P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 560. Del. et Bouch.
Quinolog., p. 35, and pl. xiii. It is very much like the bark of C.
__ lancifolia, but the fibres are looser, and the bitter taste not developed
immediately. According to Howard it contains more quinine and less
cinchonine than the bark of C. lancifolia. His analysis gives—
Quinine ... ee aia Oe cate hae
Gicskcaine a bes w. 0°05
». is the ‘ Cascarilla lampifia” ‘ Ruiz. In the vernacular it is known
**Cascarillo bobo, or Amarillo de mufia.” See Transl. Weddell’s
Hotes p. 24.
(8) C. wanctrot1a, Mutis. (New Granada Bark.)
a. Small flat pieces.
Note.—This specimen is the kind alluded e by Howard as the Calisaya
) of Santa Fé. P. J. (1), vol. xi., p. 560. ‘‘ This kind of bark comes not
unfrequently in connection with the bark of C. Palton, and is used for
extracting Quinine” (J. E. H.). For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 142.
b. Varieties from New Granada, in large curved pieces,
and in quills, without periderm.
c. Red variety, in thick curved pieces, with a portion of
periderm remaining. It “contains cinchonidine as
now defined.” Red Carthagena bark.
d, Reddish and inferior variety, in small quills, without
periderm.
_ e. Large quills, with the periderm remaining, and with
oblique grooves on.the bark caused by some twining
plant, a character stated by Pereira to be almost
peculiar to this bark. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p- 1ll. This is the “Coquetta bark of commerce,”
a name restricted to the orange varieties of C. lanci-
’ folia. C. Palton, C. lanceolata, C. rosulenta, and C.
lucumeefolia much resemble C. lancifolia, and are all
fibrous barks with a silvery periderm.
(9) Cincnoxa Lucumaronia, Pav. (Oarthagena Bark, partly.)
a. Quills with thick white periderm. (White Crown Bark.)
b. Flat pieces. “A kind of soft bark. C. lucumefolia,
c. Ditto. “©. lucumiefolia, var.”
Note.—This bark is very similar in appearance to that of C. lancifolia,
but is usually lighter, more loosely fibrous, and of a dulley or more
brownish yellow tint. The quills have a very thick, white, silvery and
- +
298. (9) CincHona LUcUMmFOLIA, continued. ;
longitudinally cracked soft periderm ; they form the White Crown bark of
Pereira. See Mat. Med., 8rd edition, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 1638. According —
to Howard it yields—
Quinine os ee see * ee 0°68
Cinchonidine ... a, et -- 0°63
Cinchonine ok x 5 Fae «O81 ¢
1-62
(10) CrincHona micrantua, R&R. et P.
Var. a. ROTUNDIFOLIA, Wedd.
a. Very large quills. ;
Note.—This is the “‘ Cascarilla motosolo of Carabaya, and the Quepo
Cascarilla of Bolivia” (the latter name is also applied to the bark of C.
amygdalifolia Wedd). It is a very scarce and peculiar bark.
b. Flat pieces. i |
Note.—This is the Bolivian sort, and contains quinine.
Var. 8. opBuoneirouia, Wedd. i so
a. Quills.
Note.—This is the specimen described in P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 672.
No. 5. It is ‘a kind of Cascarilla provinciana.’’ Analysed by Howard it
contained— ‘
Quinidine and uncrystallized quinine .. 1°43
Cinchonine ... ae ae $5 sre) LOO
2°72.
b. Flat pieces. (Ooarse Grey Bark, Peruvian Calisaya.)
Note.—This is the “ Peruvian sort.’ See P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 174,
No. 17; also, Per. Mat. Med., vol.ii., pt. ii., p.99; Wedd, Nat. Hist. -
Quing., p. 53, tab. xiv., xv.
ce. Quills.
Note.—This specimen is said by Howard to be identical with one in
the British Museum, in Ruiz and Pavon’s collection, labelled 1a, Esp.,
No. 5, Cascarilla Pata de Gallinazo, and with one of Péppig’s in this
museum. See P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 672, No. 6. Analysed by Howard,
this specimen yielded—
Quinidine and uncrystallizable quinine vs, 00
Cinchonidine war By ae Sor) oak OO
2-09
The bark of C. micrantha may be known by its rusty coat, with a
thin silvery layér underneath it, thus resembling the bark of C. chahuar-
guera, from which, however, it differs in having very few transverse
cracks. The taste is earthy at first,and then bitter, with a peculiar
sweetness. The Bolivian sort is richer in quinine than the Peruvian.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 92. ‘A tree of the Bolivian sort is —
growing in Mr. "Howard's conservatory, It is now (1875) 8 feet in height,
and differs much in the purple under side of the leaf, and the red veins
from the Peruvian sort.” (J. EB. Ht) For fig. of the quills, see Cae '
Bouch. Quinolog., pl. v.
")
ss
|
298. a) Bivoncas teas Lamb.
Var. a. MicropaytLa, Wedd.
a. Long quills, with periderm.
Note—This specimen ‘contains quinidine.” See P. J. [1], vol. xii.,
p. 174, No. 18. The quills resemble those of C. micrantha, but have
simply an astringent taste, and a smooth not a — coat, and ‘ readily
split longitudinally.” (J. E. H.)
Var. 8. crispa, Wedd.
a. Small quills.
Note.—This specimen “ contains quinine.” See P. J. [1], vol. xii.,
p. 174, No. 9. The bark of C. Mutisii is rarely met with in English com-
merce. According to Weddell it contains only aricine, 0-23 per cent.
See Trans. Wedd. Notes, p. 33.
(12) Crncnona orricrinatis, LZ. (Pale Bark.)
Var. a. Uritusinaa, Pav. P. J. [2], vol. viii., p. 15.
a. Slender quills. See P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 494.
b. Larger quills. See P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 671, No. 3.
ce. Crown bark from Java, 1871.
d. East Indian bark, 1872.
Note.—Specimen a consists of ‘fine old Loxa” quills, ‘‘ found in the
London Docks in 1850,” and supposed to have remained there for 25-30
years previously, and therefore possibly some of the original Crown bark.
It is tied up with bast, as it was then the custom to do with select
specimens of bark. Specimen b “seems to be the colorado de Loxa of
Pavon. It is remarkable for its rough surface and the quantity of red
colouring matter it contains.” It differs from the bark of var. y, Bon-
plandiana, in being of a dark grey colour, and in not being warty,
although marked with innumerable fissures. The East Indian and Java
barks may be recognised by their dark grey colour and branching cracks
with thick edges. For. fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 148.
Var. 8. Conpaminea, How.; var. 8B. Coanvarcuera, R. et P.
(Huamalies Bark, Rusty Crown Bark.) .
a. Slender quills. See P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 63, No. 10.
b. Larger quills. See P. J. (1), vol. xiii., p. 671, No.4.
Note.—Specimen a is the rusty Crown bark, or Huamalies bark, of
Pereira. Vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 100. (The Huamalies barks of Guibourt and
Bergen are not identical with that of Pereira. See P. J. (1), vol. xiv.,
p- 63.) Analysed by Howard, this specimen yielded—
Quinine (crystallized as sulphate) .. 0°43
Quinidine and uncrystallizable quinine... 0-90
1:33
Specimen b is ‘the ve sort of Jussieu.’”’ The small brown dots
visible in the younger quills have in this variety developed into large
warts. Analysed by Howard, this specimen yielded—
Quinidine... ws ‘hi fap sony~ AOE
Unerystallized quinine oT Pe: .-- 0°63
Cinchonine ... ine sue «» 0°68
2-98
a
298. (12) CrncHona oFFIcrNaLis, continued. : ie :
This variety (Chahuarguera, Pav.) is that whidh had the reputation of
curing the Countess of Chinchon. It may be distinguished from other
pale barks by its rusty brown aspect and minute brown dots or warts,
which latter are often in the larger quills split like a coffee berry.
Var. y. BonpLanpiana, f. coLoRATA, How. (Var. couorata, Paw.)
a. Small quills. See P! J.[1], vol. xiii., p. 671, No. 2.
b. Ditto. (Hast Indian Crown Bark.)
Note.—Specimen a “ agrees in appearance with the colorada del Rey
of Ruiz and Pavon.” Analysed by Howard, it yielded—
Quinidine and peaitracnak quinine... 1:57
Cinchonine ... xis ae so 0°37
1-94
This variety of East Indian bark is easily recognised by its broad bright
brown stripes, on a dark ground, caused by longitudinal cracks with
thick edges, exposing the interior. It is of excellent quality, yielding
7-8 per cent. of alkaloids. See P. J. [2], vol. viii., p. 593, No. 4, 5.
Var. 6. Bonptanpiana, f. tuTeA, How. (H. O. Crown bark,
partly.) See Howard, Quinol. E. I. Plantat., p. 89 and pl. xi,
a. Quills. P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 671, No. 1.
Note.—This “ appears to be the same as the amarilla del Rey of R. et
P. in the British Museum.” ‘‘ It is the bark described under the heading
of ain Per. Mat. Med., 3rd ed., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 1639 ; and the C. lutea
and amarilla del Rey of Pavon.”’ This bark is of a dark grey colour, with
very numerous transverse cracks, interspersed among which are numer-
ous small raised warts of the same colour as the bark. The Crown
bark from Java somewhat resembles this bark in appearance.
Var. e. orispa, How. (CO. Orispa, Tafalla, of Howard’s Quinologia.)
a. Slender quills. P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 61, No. 9.
Note.—This specimen is the ‘‘ silvery Crown bark” of Pereira, and has
been clearly identified with specimens taken by Seemann from C. offi-
cinalis, a. Vera, Wedd. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 1609, note 3.
It is the trte Loxa bark of Humboldt, and the cascarilla fina de Loxa of
Ruiz and Payon. It is also the quina, or crespilla carrasquena of old
authors, and the quina fina de Loja of modern trade. P. J. [2], vol.
viii., p. 16. Analysed by Howard, it yielded—
Quinidine and uncrystallizable quinine ... 0°40
Cinchonine ... vi es: eae .. 0°03
0:43
East Indian bark obtained from this species yielded only 0°629 per cent.
of alkaloids. See P. J. [2], vol. viii., p. 593. The specimen in this
collection is remarkable for the thick edges of the numerous ramifying
fissures, which form a sort of raised network on the bark. , It closely
resembles in size and colour the East Indian Uritusinga bark.
(18) CrncHona ovata, Wedd.
Var. a. vouearis, Planch.
a. Flat pieces.
Note.—This specimen much resembles Calisaya in appearan
not so bitter, and has the remains of a silvery periderm. |
t is
3. (18) Crncnona ovata, continued.
4 b. Long quills. (Oascarilla pallida.)
Note.— —This specimen resembles in appearanc? the quills of O. Mutisii
and ©. pubescens; but the periderm when exfoliated in C. ovata shows
me a dark surface underneath, and the bark of C. pubescens has a much
coarser grain than any other cinchona bark. It does not split readily
like the bark of C. Mutisii.
ce. Large quills.
Note.—“ This specimen resembles C. ovata of Weddell, but not of
Payon or Howard.”
Var. 8. eryrHropEerMA, Wedd.
a. Flat pieces.
s Note.—This bark is “very scarce and ET ” It somewhat resem-
* bles Calisaya bark, but is: much darker externally. ‘Cascarilla zamba
. morada,” of Carabaya. The taste is very bitter and astringent. It isa
poor bark. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 92.
(14) Cincnona Patton, Pav. (West coast Carthagena Bark.)
a. Thick curved pieces.
Note.—This bark is one of the fibrous barks, resembling in general
appearance that of C. lancifolia, but is usually more loosely fibrous, has
a redder tinge than that bark; and is also often pitted with numerous
depressions, about the size of swan shot, upon its surface. It is much
used in the manufacture of quinine. See Pharmacographia, p. 318. Ac-
cording to Howard, Palton bark yields—
Cinchonidine “se 7 sae vee, 184
- Quinine ja sas es 3. ce (OTL
2-05
‘*The proportion of quinine is sometimes much larger than that here
given.” (J. E.H.)
(15) Crycnona ‘Pervviana, How. (Fine Grey Bark.)
a. Quills.
Note.—For a description of this bark see Per. Mat. Med., 3rd edition,
vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 1633; and for fig. Goebel und Kunze, taf. vii., fig. 1-4.
It is nearly allied to the bark of C. nitida and micrantha, and with
them forms the Lima or Huanuco bark, which is now chiefly used on hazy
Continent.
(16) Crncuona Pirayrnsis, Wedd. (Pitaya Bark.)
a. Large quills.
Note.—This specimen is “ fine Pitaya bark, probably some of the first
imported.” See Howard, Quinol. E. I. Plantat., p. 89, and pl. xii.
b. Large quills; from the Pitaya district.
c. Flat pieces, with a portion of the periderm remaining.
Note.—Specimen ¢ is the Pitaya roja, or red Pitaya bark. Pitaya
bark is readily distinguishable from other barks by occurring in very
large heavy quills of a dull brown colour, with a thick, corky, dirty
white periderm. It does not taste bitter for some time, but is then per- —
sistently so. It is a very valuable bark, and is the chief source of quini-
dine. See P. J.[1), vol. xiv., p. 166; [2], vol. vi., p. 48. For fig. of
bark see Del. et Bouch. Quin., pl. xii. and p. 34.
i ie
™_s
*
-
‘
(18) CincHhona RosuLEenta, Howard.
298. (17) Crncnona pusescens, Vahl. (Arica, or Cusco Bark.)
Var. a. Pecierertana, Wedd.
a. Flat pieces, without periderm.
Note.—This bark is called in Carabaya, cascarilla amarilla, en in
Cuzco, carua carua. It is now a “scarce” bark ‘‘1873.” It is from this
bark that aricine is obtained. See P.J. [1], vol. ix.. p. 268. Pelletier’s
specimen in this museum is not this variety, but typical C. pubescens,
fide J. E. H. , Mi
Var. 8. Purpurga, Wedd. (White Calisaya Bark.)
a. Long, rather large quills.
Note.—These quills are very hard, and have a thin dirty white epider- _
mis, which is longitudinally wrinkled but not transversely cracked, and :
has a few scattered warts.. ‘“ This species needs better definition.” The
quills are well figured in Wedd. Nat. Hist. Quing., tab. 29., f. 19-23.
b. In flat or slightly curved pieces.
Note.—This specimen was imported into Liverpool in May, 1852. It
bears the Pinta brand. It resembles'the bark of C. ovata externally, but
has a much coarser grain. The taste resembles that of pale bark, and the
bitterness is quickly developed but is not very persistent. According to
Howard’s analysis it yielded,—
Quinidine, chiefly hapa ee aos, (OPOEY
_ Cinchonine ee sus wee nee 0°48
1°34
In Huanuco this bark is called Cascarilla bobo de hojas moradas.
c. In quills. ‘‘ C. pubescens ?”
Note.—This specimen is the one referred to in P. J. [1], vol. xiii.,
p. 672, No. 7. It “resembles a specimen in this museum named
Huamalies by Batka,’’ and also a ‘‘specimen in the British Museum,
labelled Sp. nova de Jaen de Loxa.’’ It is ‘‘not the Huamalies bark of
Pereira.” (J.E.H.) See C. officinalis, var. 8, and the collection of
barks examined by Batka.
_ d. Thin quills. 7 :
Note.—This specimen is labelled ‘“ Meenas bark ? C. purpurea.” In
appearance it resembles fig. 1, 2, on pl. x., Goebel und Kunze, but is not so
much cracked as the Huamalies bark there represented.
a. Curved or quilled pieces.
Note.—“ This is a cinchonidine bark which now (1873) comes abundantly
into commerce. It is the red bark of the district.” The cinchonidine
here spoken of by Howard is called Quinidine in Pharmacographia, p. 321.
This bark is the Quinquina Carthajéne rosé d’Ocaiia of Del. et Bouch.
Quin. p. 37, and is figured on pl. xvii. It resembles the bark of lanci-
folia, but is usually in larger and flatter pieces, and is deeply but
irregularly fissured longitudinally. It is hard and fibrous, but has a
darker red colour than the bark of CO. lancifolia. The bitter taste issoon
developed, but is without astringency. :
298. (19) Crxctona sorosicunata, Wedd. (Red Ousco Bark.)
Var. a, GENUINA.
@ Flat pieces.
b, Long quills.
Note.—This bark is the Cascarilla colorada del Cuzco and the Cascarilla
; colorada de Santa Anna, of Peru. The quills came mixed with quilled
; Calisaya bark, which they much resemble; they are usually, however,
| thinner and more involute than those of Calisaya, and have a redder
fracture. They are “identical with the Loxa rouge marrons of Gui-
bourt.” ‘ The flat bark was also imported as Calisaya.” (J. E. H.)
Var. 8. Detonpriana, Wedd. (Spurious Calisaya.)
a. Flat pieces.
Note.—This bark most resembles flat Calisaya bark, but has not such
distinct digital furrows, is less compact, and has a redder tint than that
bark. P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 82; [1], volix., p. 268. For fig. of this
bark see Wedd. Nat. Hist. Quing., tab. 28, f. 5-8.
(20) Crxcnona succrrupra, Pav. (Red Bark.)
a. Flat pieces, ‘“‘ grown in the shade.”
b. Large quilled pieces, “ grown in sunshine.”
c. Small quills, from Ceylon, 1873.
d. Inferior red bark, 1873, “‘ Rouge pale.”
Note.—This is the ‘‘ Cascarilla colorada” of the natives, and specimen c
is much paler than ordinary red bark, and is difficult to distinguish from
Calisaya quill. Its taste is astringent and extremely bitter. Red bark
may be recognised by its red colour and the presence of numerous warts
on its surface. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 140.
(21) Crncuona Tucusensts, Karsten. (Maracaibo Bark.) -
a. Flat pieces.
Note.—This bark occurs in thin more or less twisted pieces, with a
coarse fibre and a surface which resembles that of C. cordifolia in being
rough, but the surface is not so purple as in that bark, and the taste
is not earthy, but somewhat aromatic. See P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 348;
(1), vol. xiv., p. 167.
FALSE CINCHONA BARKS.
(22) Buena Bocorensis, Karsten. (False Red Bark.)
a. Thick quilled pieces.
b. Smaller ditto.
Note.—This bark is *‘ the Cinchona oblongifolia of Mutis,’’ but ‘‘ not the
Cascarilla magnifolia of Lamb.” It answers well to the description given
under Quinquina nova in Hist. des Drog. iii., p. 183. It was ‘‘ mistaken
by Humboldt and others for true red bark.”” See Howard, Nueva Quin.
art. Cinchona magnifolia, p. 5. The outer surface is usually smooth, of a
dark purplish brown colour, and has transverse cracks, evidently caused by
desiccation. The pieces are thick and heavy ; the taste is astringent, but
' searcely bitter. For fig. of bark see Del. et Bouch. Quin., pl. xxiii., the
two left-hand figures. “
: F
—
-
=
298. (23) Bumna nexanpra, Pohl.
a. Portion of quilled bark, with periderm,
Note.—This is the bark described under the name of Nova colorada de
Brasil by Guibourt. See Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p.183. It has a dark
inner surface, and the periderm is thick and deeply furrowed ; the taste is
nauseous and astringent.
(24) Cascarmtta Carua, Wedd. (False Red Bark. )
a. Thick curved pieces.
Note.—This bark is known in Peru and Bolivia ad the name of
Cargua-cargua grande. It.is similar in appearance to the bark of Buena
Bogotensis, but has a paler and more fibrous inner surface. Neither that
bark nor this one contains any alkaloid,
(25) CascaRILLA GLOBIFERA, Paw.
a. One quilled piece.
Note.—This bark somewhat resembles that of C. micrantha externally,
but its inner surface is very fibrous. It is labelled Ufias de gato. See
P.J. [1], vol. xii., p. 176, no. 32; also p. 341,
(26) Conpaminna tinctor1a, D. C. (Paraguatan Bark.)
a. Large quilled pieces.
Note.—This bark is remarkable for the peculiar deep pink colour of its
substance. The periderm is thin and easily removed. In Peru it is
known as “socchi.” See Hist. des Drog. vol. iii., p. 184; P. J. [1], vol.
xii., p. 341.
(27) Croton sPECIEs.
a. Thin, wide flat pieces.
Note.—This bark is covered with large woody blunt prickles, which,
together with its peculiar taste, appear to ally it rather to the bark of a
Zanthoxylum than a Croton.
(28) Gompnosia cHLoRANTHA, Wedd.
a. Quills.
Note.—This bark much resembles Calisaya quill, and was at one time
sold for it. It may be distinguished by the periderm being readily separa-
ted into layers, which are of a purplish tinge. It ‘‘ contains no alkaloid.”
A mounted microscopical slide of a section of the bark accompanies this
specimen. See P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 318, It comes from. Carabaya.
(29) Lapracea quinoperMA, Wedd.
a. Flat or slightly curved pieces. See P. J.
Note. This bark at one time came mixed with flat Calisaya. It
differs very much from it in appearance, being of a blackish red colour,
and having very persistent tough fibres. Its native name is Vichullo vei
Chulquisa. It is labelled “scarce” and “ interesting under the micro-
scope.”
(30) Srenostomun acuTatTum, D. 0. (Pitoya Bark.)
a. Long quills.
Note.—This bark was known in England as Pitoya bark, and from it a
principle named pitoyine was obtained, a specimen of which is attached
to this bark, By Guibourt it is described as Quinquina bicolore. The
quills are very long, quite smooth, and brown externally, and black on the
inner surface. It cannot possibly be confounded with. any. cinchona
bark. See Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 190.
298 3 (B1) Smo mx Genvs rNcerRTA.
"a, Thick quilled bark.
Note.—This specimen “ comes from New Granada,” and in a
- ppearance
looks like a very coarse piece of O. lancifolia bark. It is labelled “ Con-
tains alkaloid, allied to the Cinchonas.”
ALKALOIDS AND THEIR SALTS,
(32) Crxcnonine.
(33) Cincnontne Sunpnare.
(34) Quinine Acetate.
(85) Crrrate.
= + (86) HYDROCHLORIDE.
ag (37) PuHospHare.
a (38) SULPHATE.
(89) DIsvLPHATE.
(40) Qorvormme,
Note.—Remarks on these alkaloids will be found under their respective hende
in the Chemical Collection.
299. Oinchona Barks collected under the superintendence of H. von
Bercen (author of Versuch einer Monographie der China,
1826), for the purpose of illustrating the barks described and
figured in his work.
(1) Curva rusra. (Red Bark.)
Note.—This specimen consists of flat pieces, belonging apparently to
different species; it consists partly of the bark of C. succirubra, Pav.,
and partly of that of C. lancifolia, Mutis.
(2) Cura Huanuco. (Silver, or Grey Bark.)
Note.—This specimen is in quills, and appears to correspond exactly
with the C. Peruviana, How., of Howard’s collection.
(3) Cuma recia. (Calisaya, or Yellow Bark.)
; Note.—This specimen is mostly in quills, and is the bark of C. Cali-
‘4 saya, Wedd.
- (4) Cuma Fiava pura. (Hard COarthagena Bark.)
gq Note.—This specimen is in quills, and consists of the bark of C.
- cordifolia, Mutis.
(5) CHa FLAVA FIBROSA. (Woody Carthagena Bark.)
Note.—This specimen is in quilled pieces, and consists apparently of a
. mixture of the bark of CO. cordifolia, Mutis, and C. lancifolia, Mutis.
_ (6) Cara Huamartes. (Rusty Bark).
Note.—This specimen is in quills, and appears to be identical with — —
the C. officinalis, var. 8, chahuarguera, R. et P., of Howard’s collection, = 8
(7) Cutna Loxa. (Loza, or Orown Bark). oo
_. Note.—This specimen is in quills, and is a fine specimen of the bark .
« of C~ officinalis, — > ie
'
‘
- ‘
- —
68
299. (8) Cuma Jann. (Ash Bark.)
Note.—This specimen consists of arched and twisted quills. It corre- —
sponds to the figures in Goebel und Kunze, Waar., taf. x., fig. 6-9. It is
the bark of C. subcordata, and does not occur in Howard’s collection.
See Hist. des Drog., t. iii, p.178. Per. Mat. Med., [8] vol. ii., pt.
ii., p. 1636.
(9) Crna pseupo-Loxa.
Note.—This specimen is in quills, and corresponds in external appear-
ance with Howard’s specimen of C. officinalis, var. 5, crispa, from Peru.
(10) Cura RUBIGINOSA.
Note.—This specimen is in flat pieces. One piece evidently belongs to
C. pubescens, var. Pelleteriana, but the other two seem to correspond
with the bark C. Tucujensis in Howard’s collection.
(11) Curva BicoLorata.
Note.—This specimen is in quills, and is identical with the specimen
in Howard’s collection labelled Stenostomum acutatum. “ The last two
specimens were collected by H. von Bergen, but are not described in
his work.” (Note from Dr. Pereira’s catalogue.) For fig., see Goede und
Kunze, pt. i., taf. xii., fig. 6, 7.
300. Collection of CrncHona Barks, made under the superintendence of
Dr. Junius Martiny (author of Encyclopedia der Medicinisci
pharmaceutischen naturalien und Rohwaarenkunde, 1843).
It includes barks of (at that date) recent introduction, most of
which have been described by him in the work above quoted.
(1) Cutna Cusco vERA.
Note.—This specimen consists of fragments of quills, which appear to
be those of C. pubescens, var. purpurea.
(2) CHINA RUBIGINOSA NOVA.
a. Flat pieces.
Note.—This specimen appears to be the bark of C. lanceolata, R: et P.
b. Quills.
c. Flat pieces.
Note.—Specimens b and ¢ are referred by Mr. J. E. Howard to C.
nitida, R. et P.
- (3) Cura atBa, Humboldt.
Note.—This specimen is in flat fragments. In its granular structure
it corresponds to the white bark of Howard’s collection, but differs
slightly in the external surface not being so rough, and in the internal
surface being of a purplish tint. It is accurately figured in Goebel
und Kunze, pt. i., taf. xiv., figs. 9-11.
(4) CHINA REGIA sPuRIA, “from Bordeauz.”
Note.—This bark is in quills, and consists chiefly of the bark of C.
micrantha, R. et P., with one quill of C. Calisaya, Wedd. The bark of —
C. micrantha is readily recognised by its peculiar taste, which recalls
that of Prunus Virginiana.
. (5) ines PSEUDO-REGIA. ’
Note.—This specimen is in flat pieces, which correspond closely to
those of C. elliptica, Wedd,, in Howard's collection.
(6) Cuna CaRIBA SPURIA.
* Note.—This appears to be the bark described under the name of
Exostemma caribwum, Rem. et Schult., in Hist. des Drog., 6™ 6d.,
t. iii., p. 189.
(7) Cuina pe Para pauuipa. (False Red Bark.)
(8) Cuina ve Rio Janeiro, “ from Dr. Pout, of Vienna.”
(9) Cua ve Rio Janerro, “from Liverpool.”
Note.—Specimen 7 is in thick quills; specimen 8 similar, but partly
exfoliated ; specimen 9 was imported from Para, and consists of one flat
piece. All three appear to be identical, and are probably the bark de-
scribed by Guibourt under the name of Quinquina nova colorada, in
Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 183.
(10) Curva Sancta Lucia, sev Piron.
- Note.—This is the bark described in Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 189.
(11) Cortex apsTRINGENS BrasiLiensis spurivs, “ No. xii., Martiny.”
Note.—This specimen is probably the kind figured in Goebel und
Kunze, pt. i., taf. xxx., figs. 6-9.
(12) Correx apstRINGENs BrasiLiensis sPurtvs, “ No. vii., Martiny.”
. Note.—This specimen has a taste faintly resembling that of sassafras,
and has a very rough inner surface, somewhat like that of Drimys
‘Winteri, but has a greenish brown colour. It does not a with
the figure in Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. xxx., fig. 6-9.
(13) Cara Jaren PALLIDA.
Note.—This specimen consists of quills, which appear to correspond
to C. pubescens, var. Pelleteriana, of Howard’s collection.
- '
. *
301. CixcHona Barks collected by Porrric in South America, and
presented to Dr. Pereira by Dr. J. Marriny.
(1) CascarILLA NEGRILLA FINA.
Note.—This specimen somewhat resembles that of Calisaya. It has a
peculiar taste, faintly recalling that of bitter almonds. It is attributed
by Poeppig to C. glandulifera.
(2) CascarILa BoB. :
Note.—This bark isin quills, and is evidently that of C. pubescens,
var. purpurea, RP. et P. It resembles in taste and physical characters
the specimens of that bark in Howard’s collection. It is to this species
that Poeppig attributes it.
(3) CascaRILLA PATA DE GALLINAZO.
Note.—This specimen appears to correspond with the specimens of C.
Peruviana, How., in Howard’s collection.
_
-
Tr al > A) =
7 = 4, 47
301. (4) CAscaRILLA PROVINCIANA.
Note.—This specimen is in quills. It is attributed by Poeppig to a
variety of O. glandulifera. It has a very bitter taste, and is very pale
internally, much more so than that of C. Péruviana, which in other re-
spects it much resembles.
302. The following Barks were collected under the superintendence of
M. Pewtetier, discoverer of Quinine. f
(1) Qurauma nova.
Note.—This bark is labelled in Dr. Pereira’s handwriting, ‘‘ C. oblongi-
folia of Mutis, not of Lambert.” It is therefore the kind described in
Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 182.
(2) Qurnquina D’ ARICA.
Note.—This bark is labelled ‘‘ C. pubescens or C. cordifolia?” but it”
does not exactly correspond to either. ‘It is probably a form of C.
pubescens, Vahl.” (J. E. H.)
(3) Quimaurina DE Loxa.
Note.—This specimen consists of slender quills of the bark of C. offi-
cinalis, L
303. Collection of Cinchona Barks made under the superintendence
of GurBouRT, author of the Histoire abrégée des Drogues
simples. Jt includes nearly all the barks described by him.
The numbers attached to each kind are those wnder which
they are described in the above work. The initials J. P.
indicate that the number to which they. are attached is the
number of the specimen in Dr. Prrztra’s catalogue.
(1) Qurnquina GRIs BRUN DE Loxa. Two specimens, No. 327.
a. Quills. 28 J. P.
b. Quills. 29 J. P.
Note.—These specimens consist of the bark of C. officinalis. Speci-
men bis the one alluded to as Colorada del Rey, No. 29, Ph. Soc., in
P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 497.
(2) Quinquina GRISs BRUN DE Loxa. ‘Fitroas variety, No. 330.
Note.—This bark corresponds in appearance and taste to Howard’s
specimens of C. micrantha.
(3) Qurinquina Fin DE Lima. No. 3380.
Note.—This bark is in quills, and is similar to Howard’s specimens of
C. Peruviana.
(4) Quryquina eros pe Lima. No. 381.
Note.—This bark has the external appearance of C. officinalis, but is
larger and thicker than any specimen of that species in this museum.
(5) Quinguina BLANC. No. 3381.
Note.—This bark is similar to the bark of C. Peruviana in Howard’s
collection, but is in rather coarser quills.
(6) QUINQUINA GRIS, IMITANT LE JAUNE ROYAL.
Note.—This specimen also seems referable to C. Peruviana, How.
————
8. (7) Quinquina prr Havane. No. 336.
Note.—This bark is in quills ; it appears to correspond to the O. Cha-
huarguera of Howard's collection, both in appearance and in its peculiar
rose-like taste.
(8) Qurquina vir Havaye, variété.
Note.—This bark is in slender quills, and from the coarseness of its
fibre and its feeble bitterness, appears to belong to C. pubescens, var.
purpurea, to which the Quinquina dit Havane is referred in Hist. des
Drog., 6™* éd., vol. iii., p. 169, note 2.
(9) Qurnquina FERRUGINEUX.
Note.—In this bottle is a memorandum to the effect that Guibourt
considers that ‘‘this bark does not differ essentially from the Q. dit
Havane, and that its rusty colour is the result of age.” Its taste, how-
ever, resembles that of Q. dit Havane, (No. 8) with which it seems to be
identical.
(10) Quiyquina Catisaya.
(11) Qoryquina Nouveau Catisaya, 4° variété.
Note.—According to Guibourt, this bark is that of C. Pitayensis, which
in appearance it strongly resembles. It differs, however, from all other
specimens of that bark in this museum in its finer and harder inner sur-
face, and in quickly developing a very bitter taste. See Journ. de Pharm.,
vol. xvi., p. 240.
(12) Qurnqurna JAUNE ORANGE. No. 338.
Note.—This bark is in flat pieces, and seems to be that of C. serobicu-
lata.
(18) Quiyqurna CaLIsaYA LAGER, OU JAUNE ORANGE. No. 338.
Note.—This bark is labelled by Pereira, ‘‘C. scrobiculata.”
(14) Qouinquina ROUGE NON VERRUQUEUX. No. 339.
Note.—This bark is in flat pieces and quills. It is attributed by Plan-
chon to C. succirubra, Pav. .
(15) QuinqurNa ROUGE MONDE, DIT Quinquina ORANGES. No. 339.
Note.—This bark is reddish, resinous-looking, hard, in quills which
have lost their periderm, but otherwise appear identical with the Q.
rouge non verruqueux. It is referred by Mr. J. E. Howard to C. nitida,
R. et P.
(16) Quingurna ROUGE VeRRUQUEUX. No. 340.
Note.—This specimen consists of flat pieces and quills. It is identical
with the true red bark of commerce (C. succirubra, Pav.).
(17) QuinQuINA ROUGE DE Santa Fé. Two specimens. No. 341.
Note.—These specimens appear to belong to C. Peruviana, How.
(18) Quixquma RovGE ORANGE PLAT. No. 342.
Note.—This is probably a variety of C. succirubra, Pav.
(19) Qumvqumva RovaE Banc. No. 343.
7 Note.—This bark is in thin flat pieces, which appear to resemble the
one opera more than any other. |
_ -
oo
-
Note.—This bark is in quills, and is evidently the bark of C. Caligaya.
—) Ce
72 2
303. (20) Quinqurina BLANC DE Loxa. No. 343.
Note.—This bark is in quills, and is attributed by Planchon to C. de-
currentifolia, Pav. See Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 194. This bark does
not occur in Howard’s collection. By Weddell it is attributed to C.
pubescens, Vahl., which it closely resembles, but is thinner and rather
more bitter.
(21) Quixqgurina DE Cuzco. :
Note.—-This specimen consists of four varieties, of which a and ¢ be-
long apparently to C. pubescens, Vahl., while b and d seem to be the bark
of C. scrobiculata, Wedd.
(22) QuinquiIna CARTHAGENE BRUN. No. 346.
Note.—This bark is in flat, somewhat arched, pieces, and seems to
belong to C. cordifolia, Mutis.
(23) QuINQUINA CARTHAGENE JAUNE. Two specimens. No. 347.
Note.—This appears to be the bark of C. cordifolia, Mutis, also.
(24) QUINQUINA CARTHAGENE JAUNE ROUGE. No. 348.
Note.—This is probably the bark of 0: pubescens, Vahl., but is rather
more fibrous than usual.
(25) QuINQUINA CARTHAGDNE SPONGIEUX.
Note.—This is in slender quills, and corresponds exactly in taste and
fracture to the quills of inferior bark of C. lancifolia, Mutis, in Howard’s
collection.
(26) Qurnquina pe Cotomsiz, ov p’AntTioguE. No. 16.
Note.—There is a reference on the label of this bottle to the Journ. de
Pharm., t. xvi., p. 240, and a memorandum to the following effect en-
closed in it :—‘‘ Guibourt says that the Q. de la Colombie ou d’Antioque
does not differ from the Nouveau Calisaya except in its age. He says it
probably lay hid for a considerable time in some magazine, from which it
was at last taken for the purposes of commerce. He also says that the
Quinquina Colombie fibreux appears to be a very fibrous variety of the
above, and resembles the eighth kind analysed by M. Vauquelin under
the name of C. pubescens mentioned in the Journ. de Pharm., t. xvi.,
p. 229. On the other hand, the most fibrous pieces answer to the
Quinquina Carthagéne spongieux of the Hist. des Drog., No. 349; and
to the Quina naranjade, or the Quinquina orangé of Mutis, Journ. de
Pharm., t. xvi., p. 225. From these circumstances it would seem that
the barks, No. 15, 16, 17, belong to the same tree growing in different .
situations, and are the same as the Quinquina carthagéne spongieux .
and the Quinquina carthagéne spongieux autre.”
This bark corresponds exactly with the C. Pitayensis of Howard’s
collection, but its bitterness is not so quickly developed as in the
bark of ‘‘ Nouveau Calisaya.”
(27) Quinquina RouGE pe Lima. No. 341.
Note.—This bark is evidently that of C. Peruviana, How., to which
it is referred in the Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 198. A memorandum is
enclosed with this specimen, and runs thus:—‘‘ Guibourt designates by
the name of Quinquina rouge de Lima a bark several chests of which ~
he found at a druggist’s under the name of Quinquina de*Lima. He
thinks this cinchona is formed of the young barks of the Quinquina
308. Gn Quixquma ROUGE DE. rive continued.
rouge de Santa Fé, and for this reason eye calls both by the name of
Quinquina rouge de Lima. He says this bark holds the middle place
between the Lima ordinaire and the rouge vrai; and that it is a support
to his opinion, namely, that the true red bark and the officinal grey
cinchonas (Loxa and Lima) are produced by simple varieties of the same
botanical species. He has found amongst this Cinchona a light and very
fibrous bark which exactly answers to the Quinquina gris ae royal
d’Espagne.”
(28) Quinguina vit Havans, Ere.
Note.—This specimen consists of four varieties found in the same
chest: a is labelled Q. havane; b and c, Quinquina ferrugineux; and
d, Quinquina de Loxa. The first three appear to be the bark of C.
pubescens, var. purpurea, R. et P., and the fourth is C. officinalis, L.
FALSE CINCHONA BARKS.
(29) Exostemma pe Perov.
Note.—This is a thin bark, somewhat resembling oak bark externally,
and often green on the inner surface. It has a very bitter nauseous
taste.
(30) Exostemma Cariszum, R. et Sch.
Note.—This bark is thin, and has a yellowish dull outer surface, not
smooth and shining as in the E.de Perou. See Hist. des Drog., t. iii.,
p. 189.
(31) Quinquina Piton. (Exostemma floribundum, R. et Sch.)
Note.—This specimen exactly corresponds to Martiny’s specimen of
Quinquina Piton, ou de Sainte Lucie. See Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 189.
— (82) Quinguina BrcoLorE.
Note.—This specimen is exactly the same as Howard’s specimen
labelled Stenostomum acutatum.
(33) Exostemma pu Bré&sin.
Note.—This bark resembles that of Exostemma Caribeum, R. et Sch.
The taste is nauseous, and very bitter.
-
804. Collection of Barks sent to Perera by Gursourr to illustrate the
descriptions given in the 4th edition of the Histoire des
Drogues simples, t. iii, pp. 95-176. To this edition the
ae following the French names of the barks refer. The
“ Planchon,” placed after a specific name, is intended
to signify that the identification is given on his authority in
the 6th edition of the Hist. des Drog., t. iii., pp. 143-194.
(1) Quiyquina ve Loxa inrérievr. (No. ii, p. 103.)
, Note.—This is the bark of C. Humboldtiana, Lamb., Planchon, p. 175.
—
_ = c - a | a eres Cen
74
304, (2) Qurvquina DE Loxa roves marron. (No. ii., p. 104.)
Note.—This is the bark of C. scrobiculata, Wedd., Planchon, p. 160.
(3) Qumguima DE Loxa saune Fipreux. (No. x., p. 106.)
Note.—This is the bark of C. foe ter L., var. amarilla del Rey, .
Planchon, p. 149, note 2.
(4) Quinquina DE Jann ov DE Loxa LIGNEUX ET ROUGBEATRE.
(No. ix., p. 114.)
Note.—This bark appears to be that of C. conglomerata, Pav. See f
Hist. des Drog., t. iii, p. 176, 6™° éd. It resembles in some re- .
spects the specimen of Amarilla del Rey in Howard’s collection. .
(5) QUINQUINA' ROUGE, BLANCHISSANT A L’arR. (No. x., p.119.) | a
Note.—This bark resembles Howard’s specimen of C. Peruviana, How.
(6) QuinQuINA JAUNE ORANGES. - (No. xx.. p. 189, 14a.)
a. Quills.
b. Quills.
c. Flat pieces found among Calisaya bark. (No. xx.,
p. 140.)
Note.—Specimen a resembles quilled red bark (C. succirubra, Pav.).
Specimens b and c belong probably to C. scrobiculata, Wedd. Specimen
¢ is also called Calisaya leger, in common with other inferior barks
found mixed with Calisaya.
(7) Qurxquina DE CoLomBie LicNEux, (No. xxii., p. 142.) |
Note.—This is marked ‘‘M., Sorts, J. E.H.” It is a variety of C.
lancifolia, Mutis.
(8) Quiyquina onanGf pe Moris. (No. xxiii., p. 142.)
Note.—This bark is a variety of C. lancifolia, Mutis. It is identical
with the Quinquina jaune orangé de Mutis of Hist. des Drog., 6™° éd.,
t. iii., p. 156.
~ (9) Quinquina DE Loxa cenpri.
a. Quills. (OC. subcordata, Planchon, p. 178.)
b. Quilled and flat pieces. (O. macrocalyx, Planchon,
p. 150.)
Note.—Specimen b somewhat resembles the bark of C. officinalis, L., in
appearance, but has distinct warts scattered over the periderm. This
specimen has also been identified by Howard, who has marked it ‘ Cas-
carilla con hojas redondas,” which is a name given by the Indians to
C. macrocalyx, Pav.
(10) Qurinquina GRis PALE ANCIEN. (No. xxxvi., p. 152.)
a. Quills. :
b. Quills. Found in Q. Lima gris fin, in 1839.
Note.—These specimens have-been identified by Bowes as belongiae
to C. pubescens, Vahl.
| “908 (11) Quixquima Branco pe Loxa. (No. xxxvii., p. 153.)
: vi a. Quills. (0. decwrrentifolia, Pav., Planchon, p-. 179,
note 1.)
Note.—This bark closely resembles Howard's specimens of C. Mutisii,
Lamb.
(12) QurINQuINA BLANC FIBREUX DE JagN. (No. xxxviii., p. 153.)
Note.—This specimen consists of pieces which differ in taste and
structure. One piece evidently belongs to C. lancifolia, Mutis, and
another to ©. pubescens, Vahl. It is labelled in Howard's writing,
**Cascarilla con hojas de Zambo,’”’ which is the vernacular name for
Cinchona palalba, Pav. To this species the rest of the pieces may per-
haps belong.
| FALSE CINCHONA BARKS.
(13) Quinguina nova cotorapDA. (No. xlviii., p. 164.)
a. Quills.
Note.—This is the bark alluded to on p. 164, as found in commerce in
1825. The periderm is like the Rio de Janeiro bark (Buena Bogotensis,
‘Karst.). .But when the periderm is removed, the surface beneath is seen
. to be wrinkled longitudinally, not fissured transversely.
b. Quills. From Rio de Janeiro.
Note.—This agrees exactly with Howard’s specimen of Buena Bogoten-
sis, Karst. See p. 166, i. c.
(14) Ecorce pe Paracuatan. (No. liii., p. 167.)
a. In short, thick, twisted pieces.
Note.—This bark is identical with Howard’s specimen of Condaminea
tinctoria, to which species it is referred in Hist. des Drog., 6™* éd.,
t. iii., p. 184, but it is thicker and older, and has lost its periderm.
(15) Qurnqurna Bianc vE Moris. (No. liv., p. 167.)
_ @. In short flat pieces.
Note.—This bark is referred by Planchon to Cascarilla macrocarpa of
Weddell. This specimen differs from Howard’s in having the periderm
removed.
(16) Costus amer. (No. lviii., p. 170.)
Note.—There is no other specimen in the Museum of this bark. It is
in pale brown fragments, which have a slight resemblance to Cusparia
bark.
(17) Quixguiva Cararse. (No. lxii., p. 173.)
Note.—This agrees well with the other specimen from Guibourt, It is
the bark of Exostemma Garihenin, R. et Sch. See Hist. des Drog., 6°
éd., t. iii., p. 189.
(18) Exostemma pu Perov. (No. lxiii., p. 174.)
Note.—This is exactly similar to the other specimen from Guibourt.
(19) Matanea racemosa, L’Herminier. (No. Ixv., p. 175.)
Note.—This is a thin bark, and is like that of Stenostomum acutatum
in Howard's collection, but is not dark internally like that bark. It seems
to me to be identical with a specimen of the bark of Stenostomum men-
tioned below.
=~
76
304, (20) Srenosromum Lucipum, Gertn.
Note.—This is a specimen which Guibourt has labelled thus—* Said to
have been recently imported from Porto Rico, It is the bark of a Steno-
stomum.”?
(21) KsENBECKIA FEBRIFUGA, Mart.
Note.—This bark is labelled thus—‘‘ Received from Germany named
as above.” It appears, to be the bark of an Exostemma. It closely
resembles the Exostemma de Brésil.
805. Barks collected by Dr. Purzira in English commerce.
(1) Loxa, oR crown Bark, in the bundle. (C. officinalis, L.)
Note.—This is an original bundle. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p. 103.
(2) Finest, or pickep Lox of English commerce. (C. officinalis, L.)
Note.—This is in slenderer quills than the last.
(3) Srtver crown Bark. (C. crispa, Tafalla.)
Note.—This is in slender quills, and corresponds exactly in appearance
with Howard’s specimen of Silver Crown bark.
(4) Leoparp crown Bark. (C. officinalis, L.)
Note.—This bark is so called from its spotted appearance, caused by
numerous lichens.
(5) Rusty crown Bark. (C. officinalis, var. Chahuarguera, Pav.)
Note.—In taste this bark corresponds exactly with Howard’s specimen
of Rusty Crown bark, butin appearance more nearly resembles his speci-
men of C. micrantha, R. et P.
(6) GREY, OR SILVER BARK. (C, Peruviana, How.)
Note:—This specimen is in fine quills, and corresponds well with
Howard’s specimen of the same bark.
(7) AsH crncHona. (C. subcordata, Pav.)
Note.—This specimen has the peculiar arched quills so characteristic
of this bark.
(8) CrncHoNA SPECIES.
Note.—This specimen consists of various pieces of pale bark, showing
warts, lichens, etc. «
(9) YetLow park. (C. Calisaya, Wedd.)
a. Quills.
b. Quills. (C. Calisaya, var. morada, Planch.)
Note.—Specimen b is marked in pencil by Pereira, ‘‘ C. Boliviana [?],”
and by Howard, C. ‘‘ micrantha [?].” It much resembles in appearance
the quills of C. scrobiculata in Howard’s collection.
(10) Carraacena BARK of English commerce.
Note.—This specimen consists of a mixture of the barks of OC. lanci-
folia, Mutis, and C. cordifolia, Wedd., with a few renee ‘apparently be-
longing to CO. decurrentifolia, Pav.
~ 805. (11) New spurious retnow Bark, or Orange cinchona of
Santa Fé.
Note.—This specimen agrees well with Howard's specimens of the red
variety of C. lancifolia. It appeared in English commerce in April, 1829.
(12) Coquerra Bark.
Note.—This specimen is the typical bark of C. lancifolia, Mutis. It was
obtained from Messrs. Isaacs & Samuel, and contains 24 per cent. of
quinine.
(18) Cusco park, of English commerce.
Note.—This is the bark of OC. scrobiculata, Wedd. It is sometimes
called Red Cusco bark, to distinguish it from the bark of C. pubescens,
Vahl., which is called Cusco or Arica bark.
(14) Rep Bark of English commerce. (C. succirubra, Pav.)
Note.—This specimen consists of fine flat pieces.
(15) Crxcnona BicoLor. Pitoya bark of English commerce.
Note.—This specimen is identical with Howard’s specimen of Steno-
stomum acutatum.
(16) Cincuona nova. “Found at a drug mill.”
Note.—This bark corresponds exactly with Howard’s specimens of
Buena Bogotensis. It is ‘‘ Mutis’s red cinchona of Santa Fé.”
306. Collection of Barks, presented by Dr. Linptey.
(1) Cascartia cotorapa. (CO. pitayensis.)
a. One large thick quill. (Red Pitaya Bark.)
Note.—This bark is from the Cinchona forests of Pitaya, province of
Popayan, Columbia. It is very bitter, and seems to contain abundance
of alkaloids, as the inner surface of the bark sparkles with minute
crystals. This, as well as the ‘“ Nouveau Calisaya” in Guibourt’s col-
lection, differs from C. Pitayensis in giving at once a very bitter taste.
(2) Crxcnona species. (0. heterophylla and O. micrantita ?)
a. Thin flattened quills.
Note.—This specimen appears to consist of two kinds, which resemble
the barks of C. heterophylla and C. micrantha in Howard’s collection.
It was gathered on mountains near Loxa.
(3) Crycnona. (0. Mutisii.)
a. Quills.
Note.—This specimen is from mountains near Loxa.
(4) Crncnona ovata, R. et P.
a. Small quills.
b. Large quills.
Note.—These specimens are also from mountains near Loxa. They
correspond to the C. ovata, R. et P., in Howard’s collection.
(5) Cascarmtna Fina pe Urirusinaa.
a. Thin curved and twisted flattish pieces.
Note.—This bark appears to have come from near the root of young
plants. It is ticketed, ‘‘ This is the best and only kind exported.” In
taste and appearance it corresponds rather with the bark of C. pubescens,
Vahl., than with that of C. officinalis, var. Uritusinga ; hence there must
be some mistake, or perhaps the wrong label has been enclosed with it.
-
»~ -
;: =— we See
‘
306. (6) CrncHONA SPECIES.
a. Large quills.
- Note.—This bark corresponds with specimens of C. pubescens, Vahl., in
_ Howard’s collection, but is rather more warty than usual.
(7) CincHONA SPECIES.
a. Thick quills. ; ; 4
Note.—This specimen is not a true Cinchona bark, but corresponds =
- exactly with Howard’s specimens of False red Bark, labelled Buena |
Bogotensis, Karst, It is from the woods of Fusagasuga, Bogota, Columbia.
307. Collection of Barks examined by Barxa, with labels in his hand-
writing enclosed with, the specimens. These labels are in-
dicated by inverted commas.
(1) Crncnona tancirotia, Mutis. “ China fibrosa, and rubiginosa
of Bergen, Ba.”’
a. Large quilled, pieces, with periderm, of the red variety.
Note.—This specimen does not correspond with Bergen’s specimens of.
China rubiginosa in this Museum.
(2) Crycnona nitipa, R. ef P. “ Huanuco bark of my description,
B a ”
a. Quills.
Note.—This bark is one of the grey or Huanuco barks of English
ecommerce. It does not occur in Howard’s collection. ‘
(3) CrncHona scropicuLata, Wedd. “‘ Containing Pelletier’s aricine,
B a ”
a. Flat pieces.
Note.—This is also labelled in pencil, ‘‘Quinquina d’Arica ou de
Cusco.” A mistake of some kind has evidently occurred here, probably
from the bark of C. scrobiculata, Wedd., being known as red Cusco bark,
and that of C. pubescens, as Cusco bark, since aricine is obtained from
the latter, and not from C. scrobiculata, Wedd.
(4) Large crown Bark. “ Huamalies, of my description, Ba.”
a. Large quills.
Note.—This specimen is also labelled, ‘‘ Two species, Dr. Reichel.” It
does not correspond exactly with any others in the museum. Some of
the quills are bitter, and in taste resemble the bark of C. micrantha, R.
et P.; others are astringent, with very little bitterness. In other re- ©
spects they resemble the bark of OC, officinalis, L, One smaller quill,
however, has a short fracture and @ very thick silvery layer, and belongs
to C. Mutisii, Lamb.
(5) Crown BARK FROM VaLpaRaiso. “ Cinchona nova, of my de-
scription, Ba.”
a. Large quills.
Note.—This bark is a very fibrous red bark, with a periderm scams
cracked, which exfoliates, showing the marks 3 all the cracks on the
surface beneath. i
i
307. om Setar aaa Site Para. “Para bark, containing Wink-
rine
5 ler’s paricine.”’
ve a. Large quills.
- H. Note.—This bark is identical with Martiny’s specimen of China de
Para pallida. Externally it resembles his China de Rio Janeiro, but the
inner surface is more fibrous. The label is apparently in Batka’s writ-
ing, but is not signed by him as in the other labels.
(7) Rep park rrom Para. “ Buena hexandra, of my description,
: : Ba.’
a. Large quills.
Note.—This specimen corresponds exactly with Martiny’s specimen of
China de Rio de Janeiro. Hanbury states that Paricine was obtained by
Winkler from Buena hexandra. Pharmacographia, p. 321.
308. The following specimens were presented to illustrate papers in the
Pharmaceutical Journal, etc. :—
, (1) Rep Bark From Sourn America. § (C. succirubra, Paw.)
a. Portions of small branches.
b. Bark from the small branches.
_¢. Bark from the large branches.
d. Bark from the trunk.
e. Heartwood.
f. Section of small trunk.
g. Section of the root.
Note.—These specimens were collected near the village of Cibambe, in
the province of Alausi, in South America, in September, 1855. They
. illustrate a paper on the botanical source of red bark, by Mr, J. E. How-
ard, in the P. J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 207,
(2) Rep Bark from India. (C. succirubra, Pav.)
a. Quills.
Note.—This specimen is from the third harvest of renewed bark from
the same tree seven years old, and was gathered at the Government
plantations in the Neilgherries, India, in March, 1868. According to
Howard, it contains 6°15 per cent. of salts of quinine.
b. Section of small trunk showing where the bark has been
_ three times renewed.
ce. Section showing junction of old and new bark.
d. Two sections of a trunk, showing where the tree was
previously barked.
e. Renewed bark of C. succirubra from the Neilgherries,
1875.
This specimen was presented by Mr. D. Howard. It contains 0-2 per
cent. of Quinidine, an alkaloid which is not present in the natural bark.
See P. J. [8], vol. v., p. 1025.
Note.—Specimens a, b, andc are in the same glass jar. The above
specimens illustrate a paper in P. J. [2], vol. x., pp. 317-320.
- +
._ —— \ al
80
308. (3) Pass BARK. (0. officinalis, L.)
. “Bark from an old parcel in the London Docks,
described by Howard in P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 494,
var. c.” A good specimen of the var. a occurs in
Howard’s collection.
b. “ Bark sent by Don Riofrio, from the mountains of
Uritusinga Loja” (formerly spelt Lowa).
“Bark of C. officmalis grown in Coyle probably
under moss.’
d. Section of small stem of C. officinalis, Z., received from
India in 1871.
e. Var. colorada del Rey, from Ootacamund.
f. Var. crispa, from Ootacamund.
g. Root bark of C. officinalis from the Neilgherries, 1874.
This specimen contains 0°8 per cent. of. quinidine.
h. Renewed bark of C. officinalis, 1875.
This specimen contains 0-2 per cent..of quinidine. The natural bark
of the same plantation yielded only 0:4 per cent. See P. J. [8], vol. v.,
p. 1025.
Note.—These barks illustrate’ a paper in P. J. [8], vol. ii., p. 361.
See also P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 497, No. 31.
(4) Pate park from India. (CO. officinalis, L.)
a. Quills, from Ootacamund, Madras Presidency.
This specimen has the peculiar coarse rugged appearance characteristic
of the bark produced by the variety of C. officinalis which is called crispa
at Ootacamund. (C. officinalis var. crispa is quite a different plant from
C. crispa, Tafalla, which has hairy warts on the leaves.) Analysed by
Howard, this specimen was found to contain—
QUIN as. see: “asks eV Ta eee eee, ee ETO
Ginichonidine: ise <s hee acsr Ome Se OO
Qainidine-— ~s60.0 450 ss.) Ses ape cae ay, O88
MANCHONING Tsu) asiy Secs’) Toss! Nese oven) fese.. O20
6°40
Bb. Quills. wie
Analysed by Howard, this specimen was Sid to contain—
Quinine i...) sis aes hey nus be ee ee
Ginchonidine fevlcae mee Nisa, meee gore
Quinidine © ...0 F/O Ae Re AO
Oinchonine (365: 4.401 ai baw eas pate fees OO
7 5:70
c. Quills.
This specimen was found by Howard to contain—
Quinte sas] fan8l eet ede Setyeenser, xa ato BIRO
Cinchonidine =... oes sae see nye wee 100
QUIDIGING: «oss, soe. see) 5d eat poet iA RO
WINOUODING, 5+! dors), 008-00 Sooume wR ne te ees
:
7
:
4 these spectinens illustrate a papenin P. J. (3), vol. v., p. 1005.
(5) Yetrow Bark. (0. Oalisaya, Wedd.)
, a, Quills infected by mycelium. ;
Note.—This is the specimen alluded to in P. J. [8], vol. ii., p- 862. It
_ is from the under part of the stem of a calisaya tree grown in Java.
y
809. This case of specimens is from the first large sale at Amsterdam
of Java Barks. It was presented by Dr. J. E. Du Vat to
Mr. Howarp, and by him presented to the Museum of the
Pharmaceutical Society. See P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 9465.
+ (1) Crncnona Catisaya, Wedd.
(2) Crvcnona Hasskarruiana, Mig.
(3) Cincnona Panuprana, How.
(4) Crxcnona orricrnaLis, LD.
(5) Crncuona succrruBRa, Pav.
Note.—These specimens have been analysed, and their analysis ac-
companies each specimen, and will also be found in the P. J., loc. cit.
_ No. 4 contained the largest amount of alkaloids.
d
310. Collection of specimens illustrating a paper on Java Barks by
from the second large sale at Amsterdam of Java Bags im
May, 1873.
_ A, CALISAYA BARK.
a. Bark of C. micrantha, f. calisayoides. (Grey bark.)
6. Looks like bark of C. ee rather than Cali-
saya.
c. Much like Weddell’s “ moreds,” but more exactly the
‘‘morada fina” of Hasskarl. (C. euneura of Miquel.)
d. Bark of C. Pahudiana.
e. Bark of C. Hasskarliana.
B. sage BARK.
_ a, Probably Calisaya ; resembles bark of C. nitida.
b. Compare with bark of C. Hasskarliana.
C. CALISAYA BARK.
a. All bark of C. Rdisbaontnas.
D. Canisaya BARK.
a. Calisaya, but oihed Dae “I think equal to L.”
. (J. E. H.)
#. Catisaya Bark.
a. Bark of Calisaya Zamba. —
ae |
Q
Howarp in the P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 21. These barks are °
ar
; ius!
82
310. H. Cincnona Hassxartiana, Mig.
a. Apparently very characteristic bark, ‘tontindtaas *
tween Calisaya and Pahudiana; probably a true
hybrid.
S. Cincnona succrrupra, Pav.
a. Very inferior looking. “I (J. E. Howard) have a
‘botanical specimen from Java which I think erro-
neously marked ©. succirubra, Pav., and more like
C. pubescens, Vahl. Possibly this bark may belong
to the sort.”
O. Crncnona orricrnatis, D.
a. Bark of var. Bonplandiana (Colorada del Rey).
b. Bark of var. Uritusinga.
M. Cincuona Catoprera, Mig,
a. Contains little except cinchonine.
P. Crvcnona Panuprana, How.
a. A characteristic sample of this bark.
Note.—Specimen D is very similar in appearance to the fine quills of
C. succirubra, now (1875) in the London market.
T. Crxcnona Catisaya, Wedd.
a. Flat pieces and quills (morada and negrilla). Presented
by Mr. J. E. Howard.
b. Very large flat pieces (tabla) and long quills (canutos).
Presented by Mr. W. H. Peat, of Mincing Lane.
Note.—These specimens are placed here because alluded to in the
same paper, P. J, [3], vol. iv., p. 22. They were imported from
Eastern Bolivia by Don P. Rada.
311. CepHALANTHUS occIDENTALIS, DL. (Button Bush.)
a. Bark.
Note.—The bark is tonic and laxative, and has been used in North
America in the form of decoction and infusion, for periodical fevers.
Wood and Bache Dispens., p. am.
312. Correa Arasica, L.
a. Stem with fruit, preserved wet.
b. Fruit, preserved wet.
c. Seedling plant, preserved wet. Presented by Mr.
G. J. B. Nobrega.
. Leaves. (Coffee Tea.)
. Seeds. Four specimens.
Ceylon coffee.
. Mocha ditto.
. Caffrarian ditto.
. Guatemala ditto.
j. Roasted coffee seeds.
-% ras a
$12. Correa Aranica, continued.
. k. Sugar in prismatic crystals obtained from coffee.
Note.—Mocba coffee “ berries” are small and dark yellow; Java and
_ East India, larger and pale yellow; the Ceylon and West India kinds have
‘a bluish or greenish-grey tint. Per» Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 68.
Chicory may be detected by its readily colouring cold water, and sinking
speedily in it. Under the microscope chicory is known by the numerous
pitted and spiral vessels of its tissue, and coffee by the absence of
these vessels, and the peculiar obliquely marked elongated cells found in
its outer coat. For fig. of these, see Lancet, January 6th, 1851, p. 22,
fig. 2. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 144.
. GARDENIA SPECIES.
a. Fruit.
Note.—The fruits of G. grandiflora, lucida, and radicans are used in
China to dye yellow. Specimens of the fruits of the two latter species
are in the collection of Chinese drugs.
. Gentpa Americana, LD. (Lana Tree.)
a. Lana dye.
Note.—This is a bluish black dye prepared from the juice of the fruit.
The fruit is edible, and is known as the Genipap. See Bentley’s Man.
Bot., p. 547.
. OLDENLANDIA UMBELLATA, Hortul.
a. Root. (Chay Root.)
Note.—The bark of the root contains a red dye. This specimen was
presented by Messrs. Davy, MacMurdo & Co., and was imported from
Madras. See Drury’s U. Plants Ind., p. 240.
. Uncarta Gamsir, Roxb.
a. Small circular moulded gambier. Two specimens
Presented by Dr. Christison.
_b. Ditto, of a paler colour.
c. Terra japonica, in cubes, from Singapore.
d. Gambier, in parallelopipeds.
e. Cylindrical gambier.
f. Small cubical amylaceous gambier. Presented by Prof.
Guibourt.
Note.—The above specimens are those described by Pereira in his Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. 2, p. 154. Specimen b may perhaps be the ‘* Amylaceous
Lozenge Gambier,” there described, but it differs in having a starlike
mark on each lozenge. Specimens a are called in Dr. Pereira’s catalogue,
“ White or China Gambier.” Specimens e and f are inferior, and contain
starch. Sago starch is the kind usually found in gambier. For fig. of
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 139.
RUBIACE.
‘817. Rinaak trnctoruM, L. (Madder.)
a Root. For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xiv., fig. 3.
‘ b. Ditto, powdered. (Orop Madder.)
<
317.
318.
319.
320.
321.
. xxx., fig. 1. For micr. section of the root of A. Pyrethrum, seo Berg,
we -, “eRe Sry ee we
Rusia TINcCTORUM, continued.
c. Root, powdered. (Ombro.)
d. Ditto, ditto. (Gamene.)
Note.—Specimens }, c, and d are three qualities of Dutch madder, of
which b is the best. Dutch, French, and Zealand madder are imported
in powder; but Levant, Turkey, and Smyrna madder are imported
whole. See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 549. For adulterations and their x
detection, see Cooley’s Cyclop., 5th ed., p. 726. =
Rusia Mungista, Rowb.; Rusta corprronta, L.
a. Root. (Bengal Madder, Munjeet.)
b. Ditto, powdered.
Note.—The root of this species is used as a dye in Bengal. Its decoc-
tion is said to possess deobstruent properties. See Ind. Pharm., p. 118.
VALERIANACEA.
Narposracuys Jatamanst, D.C. (Spikenard.)
a. Root. ‘ Sumbul-al-teeb.” Royle, Mat. Med., p. 480.
Note.—This root has an odour like patchouli. It is supposed to be the
spikenard of Scripture. In appearance it much resembles the root of
Alliurh victoriale. In India it is considered of great value in epilepsy y
and hysteria. The tincture is made in the proportion of 5 oz. of the
root to 2 pints of proof spirit. Ind. Pharm., p. 120. For fig., see Hist.
des Drog., t. iii., pp. 79-82. ’
VALERIANA OFFICINALIS, L. (Lesser Valerian.)
a. Root, preserved wet.
b. Herb and root, ditto.
c. Root. For micr. section, see Berg., Anat. Atlas, taf. xvi., fig. 41.
Note.—This root somewhat resembles serpentary root, but may be dis-
tinguished by its odour and by the rootlets being larger and less brittle.
For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxxvi., fig. 1. See Pharma-
cographia, p. 337; Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 146.
Valeriana Phu is known as the greater valerian. For fig. of root, see
Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxxvi., fig. 2.
COMPOSIT A.
SvuB-oRDER TUBULIFLORA.
AnacycLus Pyrerarun, D.C.
a. Root. (Pellitory of Spain.) Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 151, 152.
Note.—This root somewhat resembles dandelion root, but may rs dis-
tinguished by its thin cortical portion and large white radiate medi-
tullium, with numerous resinous dots. The root of A. officinarum, Hayne, _
is used instead of pellitory in Russia, Germany, and Scandinavia. Itis —
only half the thickness of true pellitory root. _Pharmacographia, P. 343.
For fig. of the root of A. officinarum, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. —
Anat. Atlas, taf. ix., fig. 28.
a
i, yy
as
822. Anrnemts nopitts, L. (Roman Chamomile.) oy
_- @ - Flowerheads. (Single Chamomiles.)
b. Ditto. (Double Chamomiles.)
Note.—The single chamomiles of commerce are » always more or less
double, but may be recognised by the florets being narrower than those
of the wholly double variety. The true single or wild chamomiles are
known in commerce as Scotch chamomiles. German chamomiles are
» the flowerheads of Matricaria Chamomilla, L.; they are distinguished
- from true chamomiles by having a hollow conical receptacle and no
palew. The flowering stem of chamomile bears only one flower; that of
Matricaria Chamomilla bears several. The double flowers of Pyrethrum
Parthenium, Smith, are very like those of the chamomile, but may be
distinguished by having a nearly flat receptacle. See P. J. [2], vol.i.,
; : p. 447, for fig., etc. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 154, 155.
323. Avoxnanp1A Costus, Fale; Apnoraxis auricunata, D.C.
a. Root. (Putchuk or Koot Root.)
Note.—This root is the Costus of the ancients. It has an odour which
at first is somewhat urinous, but afterwards resembles that of orris root.
It is chiefly used as a perfume. See Ind. Pharm., p. 127. For fig. of
root, etc., see Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 33.
324, Arnica MonvTaNA, L.
a. Flowers. See Bentley and Primen, Med. Plants, tab. 158.
b. Rhizome. For fig.,see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxv., fig. 1.
c. Adulterated specimen.
Note.— Arnica ‘‘root’’ may be distinguished from serpentary and spigelia
roots, etc., by having the rootlets attached only‘on the under side, and
rather distant from each other; also by its peculiar odour. It has been
found adulterated largely with the root of Geum urbanum, or avens
' root, which may be distinguished by its pale purple meditullium, by the
rootlets proceeding from all sides of the root, and by its astringent,
not acrid, taste. See P. J. [3], vol. iv.,p.810. See Geum urbanum, p. 42.
325. Arremisra Apsintaium, DL. . (Wormwood.)
a. Herb. :
Note.—This plant is distinguished from Mugwort (A. vulgaris, L.) by
the leaves being white on both sides. In Mugwort they are dark green
on the upper side. For fig. of plant, see B. & Tr., Med. Plants, tab. 156.
326. ARTEMISIA MARITIMA, var. a STECHMANNIANA, Besser.
a. Unexpanded flowerheads. (Wormseed, Semen Contra,
Santonica, Semen Cine.)
Note.—Until lately this drug was attributed to A. Cina. Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 346; Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 44. See Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 157.
- 327. AnTEMISIA GLoMERATA, Ledeb.
‘ a. Herb. —
: b. Flowerheads. (Barbary Wormseed.) eS et
; ae —For fig. of flower, etc., see Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 44.
_. Barbary wormseed has generally more of the flower-stalk mixed with
it than the Russian, and the flowerheads are minutely hairy.
od , =
Ls rf j »
. \ ‘
A, =
a>, i gs ~ in s | = . ae
328. CaRTHAMUS TINCTORIUS, D.
329.
330.
331.
. 382.
333.
a. Florets. (Safflower, Bastard Saffron.) Two “cs
b. Ditto. (Oake Saffron.)
Note.—Cake saffron is made of the florets pressed together with mu-
cilage. Carthamus florets may be known from saffron by having syn-
genesious anthers, and by consisting of corollas, not of styles. Pink
saucers are coloured by this drug. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 556; Drury,
U. Plants India, p. 116; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii, p. 28. For
Carthamin, see P. J. [1], vol. vi., p. 384.
ERIGERON CaNnaDENSE, L.- (Canada Fleabane.)
a. Volatile Oil. (Oil of Canada Erigeron.)
Note.—The plant is also known under the name of Colt’s-tail, Pride-
weed, and Scabious. The oil is official in the U. S. Pharm.; it is
used as a local application to hemorrhoids, and as an astringent to small
wounds, etc., or internally in hemorrhages. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 556.
For dose, etc., see Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 372. The plant is
naturalized in this country, and grows wild about London. For fig. of
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 149.
EvpatTorium GLutTinosum, Lam.
a. Leaves.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. Lindley, and came from
Quito, where it is known as ‘ Matico.’’ The label from Dr. Lindley
states, that it is excellent for staunching blood and healing wounds.
The drug is very similar in appearance to Matico leaves (Artanthe elon-
gata), but the leaves are more hairy underneath. For other kinds of
Matico see Treas. Bot., p. 725; and P. J. [2], vol. v.,-p. 290.
EvpaToRIuM PERFOLIATUM, L. (Boneset, Thoroughwort.)
a. Flowering tops.
Note.—Official in the U. S. Pharm. The hot infusion causes free’
vomiting, followed by profuse diaphoresis, and then an aperient action.
The cold infusion is tonic and aperient only. Wood and Bache, Dispens.,
p. 376. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 147.
HELIANTHUS ANNUUS, L. (Sunflower.)
- a. Seeds.
Note.—The seeds yield an oil which is diuretic. See Amer. Dis-
pens., p. 416. The pith contains nitrate of potash. The oil has also
been used to make a kind of soap, ealled Sunflower Soap. Bentley,
Man., p. 556. .
Inuta Hexenium, L. (Hlecampane.)
a. Root.
b. Root, powdered.
Note.—The root has a peculiar violet-like odour, by which it may
readily be distinguished. It is official in the secondary list of the U.
S. Pharm. It is an aromatic tonic. In this country it is used chiefly
as an ingredient in Diapente and other veterinary powders. Inulin re-
places starch in the root of this plant, and other Composite. Pharma- —
cographia, p. 340; Wood and Bache, p..466. Bentley and Erinn? Mens
Plants, tab, 150.
Pn
884, Mixanta Gaco, H. et B.
a. Root. -
_ Note.—Guaco is a generic name given in South America to any sup- |
posed antidote for snake bites, P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p.412. The most
esteemed Guaco on the Orinoco is the root of an Aristolochia (see
Aristolochia Milhomens). The Mikaniw are sometimes distinguished
* as Guaco del monte, or Guaco del rastrojo. See note under Cinchona
succirubra, p. 23, in Howard’s Nuev. Quin. A Guaco root has been used
as a remedy for gout. P. J. £2), vol. iii., p. 288.
835. Pyrernrum Parrnentum, Lin. (Feverfew, Featherfoil.)
-
a. Herb.
b. Double flowers.
Note.—These flowers have been found mixed with chamomile flowers,
and are remarkable for the presence of palew, which are absent in the
single flower; they are distinguished from chamomile flowers by having
a nearly flat receptacle. P. J. §2], vol. i., p. 447 for figs., &ec.
336. Pyrerarum roseum, Bieb.
a. Flowers.
b. Florets. (Persian Insect Powder.)
Note.—This drug is known in the Caucasus under the name of Guirila,
P. J. [1), vol. xviii., p. 523. This specimen was presented by M.
Zacherl, of Tiflis, in Georgia. P. J. [2], vol. iv., p. 292. See also P. J.
[2], vol. v., p. 172; [8], vol. ii., p. 5380; vol. v., p. 503. Persian insect
powder consists of the florets of the disk collected before the seed is
fully formed.
337. Senecio aureus, L., var. GRaciLis. (Ragwort, False Valerian,
Golden Senecio, Squaw Weed, Female Regulator, Unkum.)
a. Herb. |
‘ Note.—The herb is used in North America for dysmenorrhma; it seems
to act as a stimulant,tonic to the glandular system generally. Wood and
Bache, Dispens., p. 768. The root is known as Life Root.
338. Sotrpaco opora, Ait. (Sweet-scented Goldenrod, Blue Moun-
tain Tea.)
a. Volatile Oil.
Note.—The leaves and tops are official i in the secondary list of the
U. S. Pharm. The oil is used as a diuretic, and is administered in the
_ form of essence for suppression of urine in children, and also as a car-
arse to check vomiting, etc. Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 1599 ;
J. [8], vol. iii., p. 603.
339. cs, rurcaTA, Lindl.; Ornonna rurcata, Benth. (Coral
Plant.)
a. Stem and branches.
b, Resin.
Note.—These specimens are “from the coast of Africa, opposite a
Ichaboe.”” The resin tastes like cedar wood, and has a fragrant odour
burned. See P. J. (1), vol. v., p. 366; 8 ee
P.J. (1), vol. vi, p. 186.
- -
’ a
.
—s re < ‘
- ’ :
—_—
340.
341.
342.
343.
345.
88
CxruQuiraaua Insionis, H. B.
a. Leaves and young shoots.
Note.—This specimen is labelled, ‘‘ Highly prized by the Indians,
who use a decoction at the commencement of any kind of fevers.” It
came from Columbia. . See P. J. [2], vol. xi., p. 66.
Crcnorium Intysus, L. (Ohicory.)
a. Root, roasted.
b. Root, roasted, ground.
Note.—For detection of Chicory in powder, see note under Coffee.
Lactuca virosa, L. (Wild Lettuce.)
a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 160.
b. Inspissated juice. (Lactucarium.)
Note.—This plant may be distinguished from other Composite by its
narrow capitulum. It rarely eccurs in the west of England, but is not
uncommon in the south-eastern counties. P.J. [3], vol. i., p. 883.
For Lactucarium, see P. J. [1], vol. vii., p. 74; Pharmacographia, p. 354.
For Syrup of Lactucarium, P.J. [1], vol. iv., p. 432.
Liatris spicata, Willd. (Button Snakeroot, Gay Feather, Devil's
Bit.)
a. Root.
Note—The root is used in North America for gonorrhea and kidney
diseases, etc. It possesses diuretic properties. Wood and Bache, Dispens.,
p. 481. In this country Scabiosa succisa, L., is known as Devil’s Bit.
TARAXACUM Dens-LEonts, Desf. (Dandelion.)
a. Root, preserved wet. Two specimens.
b. Ditto, dried.
c. Mannite, obtained from the root. Presented by T. and
H. Smith. P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 480.
Note.—The root should not be kept more than a year, as it soon be-
eomes worm-eaten. The roots contain more taraxacin and less inulin
and caoutchouc in the spring than in theautumn. P.J. [3], vol.i., p. 882.
The yield of extract is least in April and greatest in October. P. J. [1],
vol. x., p. 446; and -P. J. [2], vol. i, 402. The root of the Rough
Hawkbit (Apargia hispida, Willd.) is sometimes mixed with Dandelion
root. It is pale externally, with a wrinkled surface, and does not break —
easily. The leaves also are hairy and the flower-stalk branched. #P. J.
[1], vol. xi., p. 107. For extract and liquor see P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 401.
For adult, &c., see P. J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 304, with figs. For. fig. of
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 159.
LOBELIACEA.
LOBELIA DECURRENS, Caw.
a. Herb. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Note.—This specimen is from near Arequipa in Peru. It is used by es
the Indians in doses of 1 to 3 grains in nervous fever, and as an emetic.
See P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 14. ‘ ‘
846. Loveuia metans, D.
_ @ Herb. . Y
Bb. Ditto, commercial specimen.
-) c. Seed. See P. J. [1}, vol. xi, p. 119.
‘Note.—Specimen b is a portion of a rectangular cake, as compressed by
the Shakers of the United States. The herb, and more especially the
seeds, of Lobelia inflata are largely used by the Eclectics in America and
by herbalists in this country as an emetic and expectorant. The flat cap-
sules readily from other drugs similar in appearance. See
Bentley and Redwood, Mat. Med., 1874, pp. 676-680. For active principles
see P. J. vol: x., pp. 270, 456. Caustic alkalies decompose Lobelina.
Wood and Bache, p.519. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 162.
-
347, Lopenta sypaiitica, D.
a. Herb.
Note.—This plant possesses diuretic and antisyphilitic sanattine.
See Amer. Dispens., p. 494.
ERICACE.
348. ArcrostapnrLtos Uva-Ursi, Spreng. (Bearberry, Upland Cran-
berry.)
a. Leaves.
Note.—The leaves of Vaccinium Vitis Idwa are sometimes mixed with
Bearberry leaves, but are distinguished by having crenated revolute
margins and by being dotted underneath. Bearberry leaves are obovate ;
Box leaves are oval, and have the epidermis loose and separable on the
underside of the leaf. See Bentley and Redwood, Mat. Med., p. 675,
Pharmacographia, p.359. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 163.
349. GavuLTHERIA PROcUMBENS, L. (Wintergreen, Partridge Berry,
. Checkerberry, Deerberry, Bosherry, Teaberry, Mountain Tea.)
q ~ a. Leaves.
b. Volatile oil. (O¢l of Wintergreen.)
‘ Note.—The leaves are used as an astringent in mucous discharges.
The volatile oil is remarkable for being a natural salicylate of methyl.
The same compound occurs in the bark of Betula lenta, L. and the leaves,
etc., of Andromeda Leschenaultii. See Amer. Dispens., p. 377. In
American commerce the oil has been found adulterated with chloroform
and oil of sassafras. For detection of these, see P. J. (3), vol iv., p. 431.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 164.
PYROLACE.
— 850. CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA, Pursh.; Cumapnita corymBosa, Pursh.
(Pipsissewa, Wintergreen, Prince’ 8 Pine, Ground Holly.)
a. Leaves and shoots.
_ Note.—The leaves were official in the Ph. L. of 1836 and 1851, aaittiant
. * Tati repens States Pharmacopeia. They possess diuretic
> tonic properties. Amer. Dispens., p. 214. See Papin ene
fd. Panta 05.
; 2 at)
7 = f ae ~
a i ; bea
- oe a
351.
352.
353.
304.
305.
90
AQUIFOLIACEZ.
Inex Paracoayensis, St. Hil.
a. Leaves, first quality. (Maté or Paraguay Tea.)
b. Leaves and twigs in powder, second quality.
c. Ditto.
Note.—Specimens a and b were presented by Mr. George Fielding, who
states that maté is used in Brazil in the powdered state as specimens b
and c, and in Paraguay the leaves as specimen a. It is remarkable for
containing theine. Maté is used medicinally as a diuretic and diapho-
retic, but its chief use is as a refreshing beverage like tea. Treas. Bot.,
p- 618; Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 564.
PRINOS VERTICILLATUS, L. (Black Alder, Winter Berry.)
a. Bark.
b. Leaves and berries.
Note.—The bark is official in the secondary list of the United States
Pharmacopeia. It is used as an alterative tonic and astringent in jaun-
dice, diarrhcea, and other diseases attended with great weakness, also as
a lotion for gangrene. The berries are tonic and emetic. Wood and
Bache, p. 677. In this country, Bhammus Frangula is known as Black
Alder.
SAPOTACEA.
IsonanprA Gutta, Hook.
a. Gutta percha.
Note.—This spécimen came from Singapore, and was presented by
Dr. Royle. See P. J. [1], vol. v., p. ‘510; [1], vol. vi., p. 377; [1], vol.
vii., p. 180; [1], vol. x. p. 546; [1], vol. xi., p.575; Bentley and Redwood,
Mat. Med., Appendix, p.1074. For solution of, see P. J. [1], vol. xvi.,
p. 142; [2], vol. iii, p. 44. For other varieties, P. J. [2], vol. vi.,
p. 490. For decay of, P. J. [1], vol. ii., p. 178. See Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 167.
ARGANIA SIDEROXYLON, RP. e¢ Sch.
a. Fruit.
Note.—This specimen is from Morocco, and was presented by Dr.
Hooker. The fruit is a drupe of the size of a plum, and contains a
smooth stone of the size of an acorn, marked with three longitudinal lines.
The kernels yield a sweet oil which is used in Morocco as a substitute for
olive oil. See Journ. Bot., 1854, p. 97, and for fig. of fruit pl. iv. ; P. J.
{3], vol. iii., p. 623.
STYRACEZ. .
Sryrax Benzoin, Dry.
a. Fruit. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
b. Balsamic resin, in the tear.. (Siam Benzoin.)
Note.—Specimen b is from Siam, and was presented to Dr. Pereira by
Mr. Noakes in March, 1836.
** Yellow Benzoin, in the tear.”
ae _—This specimen is the kind alluded to by Pereira’in vol. ii.,
pt. i., p. 684. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 169.
“Sryrax Bewzor, continued.
d, Siam Benzoin, in the lump.
e. Ditto, inferior quality.
Note.—Specimen d consists of large tears, agglomerated together, and
specimen c of minute tears or fragments.
Siam Benzoin as imported is never enveloped in calico like the Suma-
tra Benzoin; the tears are more loosely agglomerated, and have often a
semifused or varnished appearance.
f. Siam Benzoin, in the lump. “Translucent Benzoin,”
Dr. P., 352. .
Note.—This specimen is from Dr. Royle, and differs from ordinary
Siam Benzoin in the tears being translucent or almost transparent. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 684.
g. Sumatra Benzoin, in the lump.
h. Ditto, inferior quality, Caleutta Benzoin, Dr. P., 351.
t. Ditto, ‘ Europe head.”
j. Ditto, ditto, “ superfine.”
k. Ditto, “second sort.’
l. Ditto, ‘Indian head.” ‘
m. Ditto, inferior, or foot. ‘
Note.— Specimens i to m were brought from Sumatra by Mr. Marsden,
author of the ‘‘ History of Sumatra,” and were given by his widow to Mr.
Jacob Bell, by whom they were presented to this Society.
nm. Bad Benzoin, Dr.:P., 358.
StTYRAX OFFICINALE, LD.
a. Bark.
Note.—This specimen was collected on May 17th, 1854, by Mr. D. Han-
bury on “ mountains near Toulon, where the Styrax officinale grows
spontaneously in abundance.” See P. J. [1], vol. xiv.,p.11. Mr. Hanbury’s
observations tend to show that Liquid Storax and Storax Bark are not
the produce of this tree, and that owing to the tree being cut periodically,
it does not attain a sufficient size to produce the fragrant resin which it
yields in the East. See Pharmacographia, pp. 241-246.
APOCYNACEZ.
. Atstonta scrotaris, R.B. (Devil Tree, Palimara of Beiseg, )
a. Bark.
Note.—This specimen was presented by the curator of the India
Museum, June Ist, 1869. It is official in the Ind. Pharm. It possesses
tonic and antiperiodic properties. The bark is of a dirty white colour,
spongy, and very bitter. P.J. [1], vol. xii., p. 422; Pharmacographia,
p. 878. For Tincture and Infusion, etc., see Ind. Phare, pp. 137, 455.
See Bentley and Trimen, Med, Plants, tab. 173.
. Atstonta consrricta, F. Mill. (Australian Fever Bark.)
a. Bark. .
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. J. Bancroft, of Brisbane.
The bark is occasionally sent over to this country, and has been offered
in the London market as Bebeeru bark. It contains no alkaloid. See —
_ Pharmacographia, p. 378, note 1, and p. 379. The bark is yellow and.
fibrous internally, and rough and corky externally.
A
.
359.
360.
361.
363.
364.
ALYXIA sTELLATA, R. et 8S.
a. Bark. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury:
Note.—This bark resembles Canella in colour, but is in smaller quills,
is fibrous, and has an odour like Tonka bean. It contains benzoic acid.
It has been used in Germany for chronic diarrhoea and nervous com-
plaints. See Lindl. Flor. Med., P- 532. For fig. see Goebel wnd Kunze,
pt.i., t. xxvi., fig. 7-13. ;
APocyNUM ANDROSEMIFOLIUM LD. (Bitter-root, Dog’s-bane, Milk-
weed.)
a. Root.
Note.—The root is used in America as an emetic and tonic in chronie
hepatic affections. It is official in the secondary list of the U.S. Pharm.
under the ndme of Dogbane. Amer. Dispens., p. 114.
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM, L. (Indian Hemp.)
a. Root. ’
Note.—The root is emetic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. It is used in
dropsy and uterine congestion. It is official in the secondary list of the
U. 8, Pharmacopewia. Amer. Dispens., p.115. This must not be con-
founded with Cannabis Indica, which is also much used in America,
. GEISSOSPERMUM VELLOsII, Allem.
a. Bark. (‘‘ Péo Pereira,” of Rio Janeiro.)
Note.—This is a very fibrous thin yellow bark; it is intensely bitter. It
was presented by Professor Guibourt. It is said by him to contain an
alkaloid, called Péreirine, possessing eminently febrifuge qualities. See
Hist. des Drog., t. ii., p. 569; Martius. Syst. Mat. Med. Bras., p. 39. For
Pereirine, see Watts, Dict. Chemistry, vol. iv., p. 377.
GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS, Pers. (Yellow Jasmine, Wild Jessa-
mine, Woodbine, Carolina Jessamine.)
a. Root. For fig. of root, see P. J. [8], vol. vi., p. 521.
Note.—This drug consists partly of root, and partly of stem. It is
official in the U.S. Pharm. It is much valued as a remedy for control-
ling nervous irritability in fevers, and for subduing tetanus. In large
doses it has proved fatal. See Amer. Dispens., p. 378; Lancet, May 24,
1873, p. 731; September 23, 1873, p. 475; Brit. Med. Journ., May 2,
1874, p. 576. For Tincture, see P. J. (3), vol. iv., p.998. For Liquid
Extract, U. S. Pharm., p. 159; P. J. [3], vol. vi., pp. 481, 561, 601. For
fig of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 181.
HoLARRHENA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Ft. Br. (Conessi Bark, Tellicherry
Bark, Oodaga Pala, Corte de Pala.)
a. Bark.
b. Seeds. (Anderjow.)
Note.—The bark is deemed a specific in most complaints of the bowels
by the natives of India. It was formerly sent to Europe, but fell into
disrepute, probably owing to the fact that a tree extremely similar in
appearance (Wrightia tinctoria, R. Br.), yields a bark not possessing the
same properties, the bark of which may have been gathered for it. See ;
Ind. Pharm., pp. 137, 455. The bark is of a dirty white colour, similar —
to that of Alstonia scholaris, but is much denser and not spongy. =
4. Hc RHENA ANTIDYSENTERICA, continued.
: TeRsa teada dco from the Exhibition of 1851. They are of the size of oats,
_ ofa brown colour, with one longitudinal furrow, and have an extremely
bitter taste. They have been used to allay vomiting in cholera and also
for cattle plague. See Ind. Pharm.,p. 138. For Wrightine or Conessine, ~
: an alkaloid contained in both bark and seeds, see P. J. [2], vol. v., p.493 ; :
[2], vol. vi., p. 432.
: LOGANIACE.
. Sprcenta Marmanpica, DL. (Carolina Pink, Worm Grass.)
a. Herb. (Indian Pink Root.)
b. Root. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 180.
Note.—Indian Pink root, as met with in English commerce, usually
consists of the whole herb, with root attached. In the United States,
the root only appears to be used, It much resembles serpeutary root
but is smaller, more furrowed, and without the peculiar odour of serpen- -
tary. From arnica it differs in taste, and in the rootlets being closer
together. It is official in the U. 8. Pharmacope@ia. Besides its vermi-
: fuge property, it has a stimulant action on the heart and arteries. Phar-
| macographia, p. 389; Wood and Bache, p. 799.
:
366. Srrycunos Ienatu, Bergius.
a. Seeds. (St. Ignatius Beans.)
Note.—These seeds contain three times as much strychnia as nux
vomica seeds. Very little is known concerning the plant itself. Pharma-
. cographia, p. 387. See Leu-sung-kwo, in the collection of Chinese
Materia Medica. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 179. ~
367. SrrycHNnos crinnaMomiroLia, Thw. (?)
' a. Section of small trunk.
Note.—This specimen is labelled in Dr. Pereira’s handwriting, “ Strych-
nos inermis, a creeper producing a species of nux vomica, Ceylon.”
There is no species with the above name described in the Enum. Plant.
Zeylan, p. 201.
368. Srrycunos Nux Vomica, L.
a. Bark. For fig. see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. ii., fig. 5-7.
b. Ditto. Presented by Dr. Shaughnessy.
c. Ditto. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 178.
Note.—Specimen c was picked out of a sample of Angustura bark in
Dublin, by Dr. Neligan, and was sent by him to Dr. Pereira. The letter
which accompunied the specimen is enclosed with it in the glass jar.
d. Section of stem.
e. Fruit.
f. Ditto, preserved wet.
| g- Seeds. For miecr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 47.
Note.—Some specimens of the bark much resemble Cusparia bark. Its x
transverse fracture, however, does not present the white specks present ~~
in Cusparia bark; and nitric acid turns it brightred, instead of dullredas
with Cusparia bark. Nux Vomica bark contains brucia, but not strychnia.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 638. See P. J. (8), vol. v.,p.7. For
fig. of bark, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. i., taf. ii, figs. 5, 6, 7.
~
~
Que ; :
- ’ ; ss. - -_ . * : aa
me i * ’ 7
369.
370.
371.
379.
SrrycHnos potratorum, L.
a. Seed. (Olearing Nuts.)
Note.—These seeds are used in India for clearing muddy water; the
fruits are said to be used in medicine as an emetic, this property residing.
in the pulp and in the pericarp ; alsoas aremedy in diabetes and gonorrhea.
The substance which clears water appears to reside in the coat of the
seed. See Ind. Pharm., p. 146; P. J. [1], vol. ix., p.478. In use one of
the seeds is rubbed round the sides of a glazed earthenware vessel, and
the water then allowed to settle. For fig. of seed see P. J. [3], vol. ii., ©
p. 44; of fruit, Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 656.
Srrycunos Pseup0-Quina, St. Hil. (Quina do campo of S. Paulo
and Minas.)
a. Bark. Two specimens.
Note.—This bark is used in Brazil for intermittent fevers, and for
_ hepatic and other glandular complaints. » Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bra-
sil., p. 41. A rutaceous plant, Hortia Brasiliana, also bears the name of
Quina do campo in some parts of Brazil: The specimens in this Museum
were presented by Prof. Guibourt. Hist. des Drog., t. ii., p. 563.
Srrycunos roxirera, Benth. (Wourari, Owrari, Woorali.)
a. Prepared poison.
Note.—This specimen jar contains two sets of arrows, presented by
Mr. Morson, also some poison in a bamboo joint, some in a small gourd,
and some in a bottle. The poison in a bottle is labelled, ‘‘ Received
from C. Waterton. 1821. See Phil. Trans., 1751 and 1780.” The poison
is used by the natives of Guiana to tip their arrows and darts for
killing game. The specimen presented by Mr. Morson was brought to
this country in 1849, by Captain Gordon, of the Royal Marines, who
procured it from the natives of Pirara, about twenty-five miles from
Fort San Joaquim, on the Rio Branco, a branch of the Amazon. See
letter accompanying specimen. See P. J. [1], vol.iii..p. 75; [2], vol. i.
p. 246. Strychnia is said to be an antidote to Woorari poison. See
P. J. [2], vol. ii. p. 213. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 657.
GENTIANACEA.
. CHELONANTHUS SPECIES.
a. Bark.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. Lindley, and bears a label
as follows: ‘‘Quina naranjada, Chelonanthus species. This bark
belongs to the Gentianacex. It is preferred in Popayan to the Cinchona
bark.” It is occasionally exported.
Erytor#a’Centaurium, Pers. (Lesser Oentaury.)
a. Herb. :
Note.—This plant is much used in the provinces as a bitter tonic.
The Greater Centaury of the old herbalists is supposed to be Centaurea
Centaurium, a plant belonging to the Composite. Chlora perfoliata,
L., another Gentianaceous plant,_ was formerly called Yellow Ne
See Per. Mat. Med., ven ii., pt. i., p. 629.
PRASERA ieiiecibaves Walter. Ctsiepionn:Calatba.),
a. Root. |
-Note.—This specimen was bought in Buffalo, New York, under the
- name of American Calumba, and was said to be imported there from
the State of Indiana. This specimen was presented by Dr. Maclagan.
Bentley’s Man. Bot., p. 571. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii. pt. i., p. 631. The
root is official in the secondary list of the U. 8S. Pharmacopaia. For
fig. of root, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. v., fig. 5,a,c,d. +
$75. Genriana turea, L.
a. Root. (Gentian root.)
b. Powdered.
Note.—The roots of other species of Gentian, viz., G. purpurea,
G. pannonica, and G. punctata are sometimes mixed with gentian root.
G. purpurea and G. pannonica are known by being of a darker brown
internally, and having strong longitudinal furrows, but no transverse
wrinkles externally. The roots of G. punctata are of a yellowish, not
brown, colour. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 623. For fig. of root,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 182.
$76. Gentiana Pervuviana, Lam.
a. Bark.
377. Menyantues TRiroLiaTa, DL. (Buckbean, Bogbean, Marsh
Trefoil.)
._ a. Leaves.
Note.—It is a bitter tonic, but sometimes produces cathartic and
emetic effects. In Germany it is used as a substitute for hops. It is
said to be eaten by sheep affected with the rot. Buckbean flowers in
May. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 184.
. Opnevia Cuirata, Grisebach. (Chiretta, Dukhani Chiretta.)
a. Herb. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 183.
b. Ditto, an original bundle.
c. Ditto, falsely packed. ~
Note.—Specimen ¢ was presented by Mr. H. Sugden Evans. The root
of Munjeet (Rubia cordifolia, L.) is packed in the centre of the bundle.
See P. J. [3], vol. i., p. 367. Several species of this genus and some of
other genera are used in other parts of India as substitutes for Chiretta.
See P. J: [3], voli., p. 106 ; Pharmacographia, p. 393. See also next
specimen. The infusion of chirata, according to Mr. Squire, is more
agreeable if made at a temperature below 180° F. See P. J. (1), vol. i,
pp. 268, 413; Ind. Ann. of Med. Science, 1856, vol. iii., p. 270.
379. OrHELIA aNGustiFoLIa, Don. (Paharee Chiretta.)
a. Herb.
Note.—This species has lately been substituted in commerce for O.
Chirata. It yields a paler infusion than the official species. P.J. (8),
vol. V., p. 481. It is distinguished by the absence of any distinct —
pith, and by the thickness of the wood of the stem as seen when cut
- transversely. The lower portion of the stem is also perpen a
~?P. J. (8), vol. i., p. 106; PAPEETE: Bs 240. ;
=
-_ ?
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
385.
SaBBartA ANGULARIS, Pursh. (American Centaury, Rose-pink,)
a. Herb.
Note.—It is official in the secondary list of the U..8. Pharmacopeia.
It possesses tonic and anthelmintic properties, and is also used asa
deobstruent. Wood and Bache, Dispens. p. 726.
t«
ASCLEPIADACEA.
ASscLepias rncaRNATA, LD. (Flesh-colowred Asclepias, Swamp
Silkweed, Milkweed.)
a. Root.
Note.—The root is used as an anthelmintic in doses of 10-20 grains
three times a day, also in chronic mucous disease of the stomach. It is
official in the secondary list of the U. S. Pharmacopaia; Wood and
Bache, p. 144.
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA, L. (Butterfly Weed, Pleurisy Root, Wind
Root, Tuber Root.)
a. Root.
Note.—The root is used as an expectorant and diaphoretic in pleurisy
and other catarrhal affections. Administered with Aletris, farinosa, it
is said to have cured many cases of prolapsus uteri. Wood and Bache,
_p. 143. Asclepidin and Ascletin are prepared from this root. The
former is a kind of resinous-extract, and the latter a crystalline principle.
CaLorroris Giganrga, R. B.
a. Root.
b. Bark of the root. (Mudar Bark.)
Note.—Specimen a was given by Dr. Bidie, of Madras, to Mr. D.
Hanbury, by whom it was presented to the Society in 1874. The root-
barks of C. gigantea and of C. procera are official in the Ind. Pharm.,
and are used in leprosy, syphilis, dysentery, etc. As an alterative tonic
the bark is given in doses of three grains; as an emetic, thirty to sixty
grains. The roots are apt to become mouldy and inert unless kept
very dry. Ind. Pharm. pp. 141, a1, 458; Pharmacographia, p. 381,
note 7.
CALOTROPIS PROCERA, Rt. B.
a. Root.
Note.—This specimen is an authentic one from Dr. E. Burton Brown,
of Lahore. It was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury in 1874. Pharmaco-
graphia, p. 381, note 6. This species yields a portion of the Mudar bark
of Indian commerce. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 176.
CynancHum Monspetiacom, L.
a. French or Montpellier Scammony, in a semicircular
cake. J.P. No. 258.
b. Ditto, in porous fragments.
Note. —This is a factitious scammony prepared from the, PRs es
juice of the plant mixed with various resins and purgative substances.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 606.
~
"886.
Sonenosremma ArcEL, Hayne.
a. Leaves.
b. Flowers.
ce. Fruits.
Note.—Argel leaves may generally be found more or less abundantly in
Alexandrian senna. They are known by their rougher surface, by the
veins being indistinct, and by being equal at the base. The fruits are
small and pear-shaped, and not at all like a legume. Pharmacographia,
p. 194. For fig. of leaves and fruit, see Bentley and Redwood, Mat. Med.,
p. 858, fig. 95 a,b. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 175.
387. Hemipesmus Invicus, R. Br. (Indian Sarsaparilla, Nanniri
388.
389.
Root, Ananto-miil.)
a. Root.
b. Root and herb.
Note.—Specimen b was collected in Ceylon by Dr. Bennett, and was pre-
sented by Mr. A. P. Balkwill, Plymouth. It is known from other roots
by its odour, resembling that of melilot, and by its transversely cracked,
easily separable bark. Pharmacographia, p. 379; Ind. Pharm., pp. 140,
457. For micr. structure, see P. J. [3], vol. iii., p. 62. For fig. of plant,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 174.
TyLorHora astuMmatica, Wight et Arnott. (Indian Ipecacuanha.)
a. Leaves. (Unto-mool.)
Note.—The leaves possess emetic, expectorant, and diaphoretic pro-
perties, and form one of the best indigenous substitutes in India for
ipecacuanha. Ind. Pharm., pp. 142, 458; Pharmacographia, p. 382. For
fig. of leaf, see P. J. [3], vol.i., p. 105. | Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 177.
CORDIACE.
Corp1A Borsstert, A. de C.
a. Portion of trunk. (Anacahuite Wood.)
Note.—The tree is a native of Tampico, where it is used by the Indians
as a cure for consumption and pulmonary complaints. Pharm. Journ. [2],
vol. ii., p. 407; [2], vol. iii, p. 164; and for fig. of plant, [2], vol. iv.,
p. 273. The specimen of wood was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
CONVOLVULACE.
390. Bararas EDULIS, Choisy.
391.
a. Root; two specimens preserved wet. (Sweet Potato.)
Note.—The tubercular root is used as a substitute for potatoes in warm
countries. See Treas. Bot., p. 128.
Convotvutus Scammonia, D.
a. Root and resin. See Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, No. 187.
b. Root showing exudation of resin, and chalk in interstices
_ of root.
c. Virgin Scammony, contained in one of the shells used in
collecting it. For fig. see P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 268.
<a’. % H
.
ily tea . = ‘
a |.
391. Convotvutus ScaMMoNIA, continued.
d. Virgin Scammony, in lumps. Presented by Mr. D.
Hanbury.
e. Ditto. Presented by J. Bell & Co.
f. Ditto. Presented by Wright & Co.
g. Aleppo Scammony, somewhat chalky. Presented by
Wright & Co. .
h. Ditto, amylaceous and chalky. Presented by Wright
& Co.
t. Ditto, chalky and dextrinose. Presented by Wright &
Co.
j. Ditto, ditto, in flat rounded cakes. Presented by
Wright & Co.
The following specimens (i to q) are from Dr. Pereira’s collection,
and the numbers attached are those used in his catalogue.
k. Virgin Scammony, No. 248. ©
l. Second Scammony, containing chalk and flour, No. 249.
m. Ditto, containing chalk, No. 250.
n. Cake Scammony, various pieces adulterated with chalk,
the proportions of chalk stated by the manufacturer
(a Turkey merchant), No. 251.
o. Artificial Scammony, containing guaiacum, sold as
Smyrna Scammony, No. 252.
. Trebizond Scammony, No. 254.
. Scammony out of a leather bag, No. 256.
. Skilip Scammony. |
. Syrian Scammony. .
t. Spurious Scammony. Presented by J. B. Batka, Prague.
-u. Imitation of Scammony. See P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 269.
* SQes
Note.—Skilip Scammony contains 30 to 40 per cent. of resin only, and
much wheat starch. Scammony starch differs in shape from wheat starch.
This kind of scammony may be known by its dull greyish brown opaque
surface. It is probably sometimes used for Scammony Powder. See
P.J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 267. For fig. of Scammony Starch, see P. J. [8],
vol. v., p. 263. For fig. of Wheat Starch, see Per. Mat. Med. vol., ii.,
pt. i., frontispiece, fig. 1. Other resins, if present (except Jalap resin),
would be precipitated when the scammony is dissolved in an alkali, and
an acid added. Jalap resin may be detected by its odour, and by being
insoluble in ether; chalk, by effervescence with an acid. See P. J. [1],
vol. iv., p. 267; [1], vol. xi., p. 278; [1], vol. xiv., p. 38. For resin of
scammony, see P. J. [1], vol. xvii., p. 37; [1], vol. xviii., p. 447. Col-
lection of, P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 267; [2], vol. i, p. 521. Constitution
of resin, P. J. [2], vol. ii., p. 159; [2], vol. iii., p. 218. Varieties of, P. J. a
[3], vol. ii., p. 1006. For micr. structure of root, P.J. [3], vol.ii., p.81. )
393.
394.
2. Exoaonrum punaa, Benth; Ipomaa Ponca, Hisyra (Vera Oruz
Jalap.) °
a. Root, etc., preserved wet. B. & T., Med. Plants, tab. 186.
sai wan specimen was grown at Clapham, and was presented by
Mr.D. Hanbury. It shows the formation of tubercules by the enlargement
of roots proceeding from a slender subterranean stem.
b. Tubercules, preserved wet.
Note.—This specimen was grown in the Botanical Garden of Trinity
College, Dublin, and was presented by Dr. Aquila Smith, in May, 1869.
c. Tubercules. Two specimens,
d, Resin obtained from the tubercules. (Jalapin.)
e. Ditto, purified.
+ f. Large pyriform jalap tubercules.
t g. One large globular ditto.
Note.—True Jalap is distinguished from Tampico by being usually
turnip-shaped or pear-shaped, by its density, by not being shrunken, and by
being marked with numerous little transverse scars, which are absent
in Tampico Jalap. For culture of, see P. J. [2], vol. viii., p. 651. For
valuation of, P. J. [2], vol. ix., p. 487. For resin, P. J. [1], vol. iv.,
p. 428; [2], vol. ix., p. 233. For adulteration of jalap resin, P. J. [1],
vol. iii., p. 132; [2], vol. iv., p. 326. The root contains 15 per cent. of
resin, about 5 per cent. of which is soluble in ether, the rest insoluble.
Ipom@a ORIzABENSIS, Ledan.
a. Root. (Male or Stalk Jalap, Woody Jalap, Orizaba Root,
Purgo macho of the Mexicans.)
Note.—This root contains a resin entirely soluble in ether. See P. J.
[1], vol. iii., p. 183; [1], vol. xi., p. 521, No.1; [1], vol. iv., p. 326.
TPOM@A SPECIES.
a. Tubercules. (Jalap with a roseate odour.)
Note.—This Jalap much resembles in appearance Tampico Jalap, but
occurs in much larger pieces. It was found by Guibourt in French
commerce in 1842, and was presented by him. It contains according to
his analysis only 3°23 per cent. of resin, about half of which is insoluble
in ether. The roseate odour is not now. (1875) perceptible. P.J. [1],
vol. ii., p. 331.
. Tpom@a stmuLans, Hanbury.
a. Tubercules. (Tampico Jalap.)
Note.—The Tampico Jalap plant was first described by Mr. D. Hanbury,
and is figured in the Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xi. (1870), 279, tab. 2. See
also P. J. [2], vol. xi., p. 848. It is distinguished from the true Jalap
plant by its corolla being funnel-shaped, and its flower-buds drooping ;
the corolla of Exogonium purga is spread out horizontally like a wheel,
and the flower-buds are erect. The tubercules are paler, more spongy, and
are fusiform in shape. They yield a resin entirely soluble in ether.
As imported, the drug often appears to be mixed with true Jalap, which
will perhaps account for the different opinions held concerning the solu-
bility of its resin in ether. Pharmacographia, p. 402. The tubercules
- have been mistaken for the roots of Nepaul Acanite, See Aconitum feroz,
and P. J. [2], vol. vii., p. 58.
i
ai) 4 «&@ ee
Pay
396.
397.
398.
399.
400.
401.
Puarsitis Nit, Choisy.
a. Seeds. (Kaladana.) “For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 185.
Note.— The resin (Kaladana resin) contained in the seeds is probably
identical with that of true jalap, being insoluble in ether. Itis official in
the Pharm. Ind., as well as an extract, tincture, and compound powder.
The specific name Nil, is a Hindustanee word signifying blue, the flowers
being of that colour. The seeds are a safe and efficient purgative, and
are used in a roasted state by the natives. See Pharmacographia, p. 402.
SOLANACEZ.
Capsicum ANNUUM, L.
a. Fruit, preserved wet. (Capsicum, Pod Pepper, Guinea
Pepper.)
Note.—The fruits of Capsicum annuum vary very much in size. See
Pharmacographia, p.406. SeeBentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 188.
Capsicum FastiaratuM, Blume..,
a. Fruit. (Bird Pepper, Chillies.)
b. Ditto, powdered. (Cayenne Pepper.)
Sotanum Dutcamara, LD.
a. The young shoots.
Note.—This plant is known from Solanum nigrum by having [lac
flowers and red berries. §S. nigrum has white flowers and black berries.
Plants of 8. Dulcamara are sometimes found with the leaves not auricu-
late. See Pharmacographia, p. 404; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.
p. 591. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 190.
SoLaANUM TUBEROSUM, LD.
a. Sugar.
b. Ditto, liquid.
c. Potato starch.
d. Potato sago, small.
e. Ditto, large.
Note.—A portion of the whiter varieties of sago of commerce and the
substance known as Pearl Tapioca are made of potato starch. Potato
starch may be known under the microscope by its large size, and by the
granules being irregularly ovate in shape, and sometimes with more
than one hilum in each. For fig. of the starch see Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i, pp. 148 and 588; frontispiece, fig. 9; Berg, Anat. Atlas.,
taf. 50, fig. G.
‘ ATROPACEA.
Atropa Bre.iaponna, DL,
a. Root.
Note.—This root has been found mixed with mallow root. It may be
distinguished by not being fibrous, like that of the mallow, and by its
large meditullium. The roots usually have a portion of the base of the
stem attached to them. The leaves may be distinguished from those of
Stramonium by not being toothed in the margin. For fig. of plant, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 198.
i
402, Darora Stramontum, L.
a. Leaves.
b. Seed.
Note.—The leaves resemble those of Henbane in shape and in being
toothed at the margin, but are not hairy, and the stem leaves are stalked,
not sessile as in Henbane. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 192.
. Hyoscyamus nicer, L.
a. Leaves. (Annual Henbane.)
b. Ditto. (Biennial Henbane. ).
c. Seed.
Note.—The radical stalked leaves of the biennial plant are often sold
as Annual Henbane. In the Annual Henbane plants the small radical
leaves are withered before the plant blossoms, therefore all the leaves
in the annual drug should be without stalks. For the seed, see P. J.
[2], vol. ix., p. 233. Henbane leaves may be known in the dried state
from Stramonium by the leaves being hairy, not smooth, and from
Belladonna by the leaves being toothed in the margin. For fig. of plant,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 194.
. Nicormana Tapacum, LD,
a. Leaves. (Tobacco.)
Note.—Tobaceo is yielded by several different species. N. Persica
yielding the Persian; N. rustica the Latakia, Turkish, and Manilla; N.
repanda the Cuban and Havana. See Bent. Man., p. 580; P. J. [1),
vol. iii., p. 342; P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 566. For fig. of plant, see Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab..191.
OLEACEZ.
. Fraxinus Ornus, LZ. (Manna Ash.)
a. Section of stem, showing manner of incising the bark.
See P. J. [3], vol. iii., p. 422.
b. Flaky Manna, on pieces of stick, as collected. (Manna
a cannolo.)
ce. Flaky manna, a commercial specimen.
d. Artificial manna, made in France, Presented by Mr.
H. S. Evans. See P. J. [1], vol. 1, p. 603.
e. Ditto. Presented by Mr. W. W. Stoddart.
f. Mannite. See P. J. (1), vol. vi., p. 183.
Note——Manna is not now produced in Calabria as an article of com-
merce. P. J. [3], vol. iii., p. 422; P. J. [2], vol. xi., p. 326. Artificial
manna either contains no mannite at all, or not more than 40 per cent.,
while true manna contains 70-80 per cent. Spurious manna is known
by its uniform colour and freedom from the slight impurities, as well as
from the peculiar odour and slight bitterness of manna. P. J. [1),
vol. iv., p. 567. Mannite oecurs also in many other plants. See
Miller's Chem., pt. iii., p. 321; P. J. [1], vol. iv., p. 567; [1], vol. vili.,
pp. 480-482; [1], vol. x., p. 124; [1], vol. xvi. P- 530; [2], vol. xi.,
" p. 629. For Artificial Mannite, see P. J. (3},vol. i., p. 864. For fig. of
plant, see Pe praceda Trimen, shri ea tab. 170.
-
_
-
.
406.
407.
408.
409.
410.
411.
Oxea Evropma, L. (Olive Tree.)
a. Branchlets in fruit, preserved wet.
b. Drupes, preserved wet.
ce. Olive oil. Two specimens.
d. Castile soap.
e. Venetian soap.
f. Resin.
Note.—Castile soap is a compound of olive oil and soda. It owes its
colour to the decomposition of ferrous sulphate, stirred into the soap
during its manufacture. Pure soft soap is a compound of olive oil and
potash. For the resin, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 664. Eor
detecting adulterations, P. J. [1], vol. xii., pp. 484, 497; [1], vol. iii.,
p. 293; [2], vol. iv., p. 376; [2], vol. vii., p. 277. The leaves and bark
of the olive tree are febrifuge. P. J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 353; [2], vol.iv., |
p. 473. For fig. of plant, see Bentley.and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 172.
PLANTAGINACEZ.
Priantaco IspaeuutLa, Roxb.
a. Seed. (Spogel seeds, Isphagil.)
Note.—These seeds contain a quantity of mucilage, and are official in .
the Pharm. Ind. as a remedy for diarrhoea and dysentery, as well as for
catarrhal and renal affections. See Ind. Pharm., p. 182; and for fig.
P. J. [3], vol. i., p. 86. This specimen was presented by Dr. Christison.
For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 211.
BORAGINACEA.
ANCHUSA TINCTORIA, L.
a. Root.
Note.—The red colouring matter of this root is soluble in oil, turpen-
tine, and spirit, but not in water. See P. J. [1], vol. vii., p. 535.
LABIAT A.
Cotuinsonia Canapensis, D. "
a. Rhizome. (Stone Root, Oxbalm, Collinsonia Root.)
Note.—The rhizome is used in North America as a stimulant tonic in
atonic dyspepsia, chronic laryngitis, clergyman’s sore throat, or in any
case where a tonic for the mucous membrane is required. Amer.
Dispens., p. 278.
HEDEOMA PULEGIOIDES, Pers. (American Pennyroyal, Lickweed,
Squaw Mint.)
a. Essential oil. (American Oil of Pennyroyal.)
Note.—This oil is used in the United States instead of oil of penny-
royal. It is official in the U. S. Pharmacopeia. Its sp. gr. is -945--948,
that of oil of pennyroyal being -925-"931. For fig. of plant, see Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 200. —
Lavanputa vera, D.O. (Lavender.)
a. Flowers. “ORO 9h las
*? 7 | are ah
413.
414.
415.
416.
Note.—Lavandula vera may be distinguished from L. spica by having
rhomboidal bracts, those of L. spica being linear. For cultivation, see
_ P. J. [2), vol. i., p. 276; [8], vol. iii., p. 826. For results of distilla-
tion, P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 276; [1], vol. x.,p.172. For adulteration,
see P, J. (1), vol. xi., pt 32. Turpentine may be detected by its insolu-
bility in spirit; aleohol may be removed, if present, by anhydrous chloride
of calcium or glycerin. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 199.
412. Menrua prrerita, DL. (Peppérmint.)
a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 203.
b. Essential oil.
Note.—Peppermint is known from spearmint by its purple tint, by the
leaves being stalked, and by the terminal spike-like inflorescence being
obtuse. For cultivation, see P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 340. The oil has been
found adulterated with castor oil, spirit of wine, and turpentine. For
detection of these and other adulterations, see P. J. [1], vol. ix., p. 580;
[3], vol. ii., p. 981; Cooley’s Cyclopedia, p. 834. For fluorescence with
acids, P. J. [3], vol. i., p. 682; [3], vol. iv., p. 977. Hotchkiss’ oil of
peppermint is known by giving an opalescent solution with rectified
spirit of wine, P. J. [3], vol. ii. p. 338. The dried herb yields from
three to four times more volatile oil than in the green state.
MentuHa virivis, L. (Spear-mint, Garden Mint.)
a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 202.
b. Essential oil.
Note.—The oil of spearmint of commerce is chiefly derived from
Mentha aquatica, L., var. y crispa, Benth. See Pharmacographia, p. 432.
Mentua Povecium, L. (Pennyroyal, Organs.)
a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 201.
b. Essential oil.
Note.—Pennyroyal is distinguished from the other official mints by the
small size of its leaves, and by the whorls of the flowers being distinct
and not arranged in a dense spikelike infloresence. See Hedeoma
pulegioides, and note under Origanum vulgare.
Mownarpa puncrata, L. (American Horsemint.)
a. Herb.
b. Essential oil.
Note.—The leaves and tops are official in the U. 8. Piaeatatdis The
plant possesses stimulant, anti-emetic, and emmenagogue properties.
See Amer. Dispens., p. 530. In this country Mentha sylvestris, L., is
known by the name of Horsemint. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plarits,
tab. 208.
OricanuM vuLGarE, L. (wid Marjoram.)
a. Essential oil.
sia Wem hou ais 0, Majorana, L., and is
commonly known as “ Sweet Marjoram.” Pennyroyal is known in the
8. W. of England under the name raga a Saint of Ori-
. : z - i
416.
417.
418.
419.
4.20.
. 421.
ORIGANUM VULGARE, continued.
ganum. The Oil-of Origanum of commerce is obtained from Thyavay
vulgaris, L. See P. J. [1], vol. x., pp. 6 and 324. Pharmacographia,
p. 438. By redistillation the oil becomes colourless, and forms the * Ol.
Origani Alb.’ of the wholesale druggists. The cheap Oil of Origanum is a
mixture of turpentine, oil of spike (Lavandula spica), oil of rosemary,
and oil of thyme, coloured with alkanet. This adulterated oil is imported,
and is also mixed in this country. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 204, 205.
Poaostemon Partcnouty, Pellet. (Pucha-pat, Patchouli.)
a. Leaves. ; ‘
b. Essential oil.
Note.—This plant is not used in medicine. See P.J. [1], vol. iv., p.
80; ix., p. 282; and for fig. of plant, P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 576.
RosMARINUS OFFICINALIS, LZ, (Rosemary.)
a. Flowering tops.
b. Essential oil.
Note.—The infusion was formerly esteemed a neryine tonic, and is still
used in nervous complaints by herbalists. Waring, Therapeutics, p. 559.
The oil is often adulterated with turpentine. ‘ Camphine,” or highly
rectified oil of turpentine, is the kind often used in adulterating volatile
oils. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 207.
Sanvia oFFicrnaLis, LZ. (Garden Sage.)
a. Essential oil. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 206.
Note.—Used only as a culinary flavouring agent. The leaves are some-
times used to make a gargle for sore throat. ;
ScUTELLARIA LATERIFLORA, L. (American Skullcap, Side Flower-
ing Skullcap, Mad-Dog Weed, Hoodwort.)
a. Herb.
Note.—This plant is highly esteemed by the Eclectic practitioners of
America as a powerful nervine tonic, and is used by them for neuralgia,
chorea, and other nervous affections. The herb is official in the second-
ary list of the U. 8S. Pharmacopeia. See Amer. Dispens., p. 758.
. MYOPORACEA.
AVICENNIA NITIDA, L. (Cowrida Tree.)
a. Bark.
Note.—This specimen was in the International Exhibition of 1851, and
was contributed by Mr. David Shier, of Demerary. The bark is used in
tanning. See P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 160.
SELAGINACEZ.
. Guoputaria Atypum, LD. (Wild Senna.)
, a. Leaves. For fig., see Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 453.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. C. Martius. The leaves
are said to have been frequently found among senna leaves in Germany.
P. J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 426. The leaves possess purgative properties in
doses of 50 to 100 grains, when given in the form of decoction. See also
Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 592. The leaves have a bitter taste, and are covered
with minute white points, only visible under a lens.
'
423, ‘Spsamum Invicum, D.C.
424.
425,
426.
’
PEDALIACEA.
a. Seeds. (Sesame Seed, Teel Seed.)
b. Fixed oil. (Gingelly Oil.)
c. Leaves. (Sesame Leaves, Benne Leaves.)
Note.—The seeds, which vary much in colour, are said to possess
emmenagogue properties. Ind. Pharm., p.151. They yield half their
weight of a fixed oil, in colour resembling almond oil, but possessed of
drying properties. It is said that the finer qualities are used to adulter-
ate almond oil. If more than 10 per cent. of it be present, it can be
detected by shaking the oil with nitric and sulphuric acids, which turns
a mixture of equal quantities of it green. See Pharmacographia, p. 427.
The leaves contain a quantity of mucilage, and are used in North America
to make a demulcent drink for catarrh, etc. See Amer. Dispens., p. 769;
Pharm. Ind., p. 151. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab, 198.
SCROPHULARIACEA.
Diqirauis purruREA, L. (Foxglove.)
a. Herb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 195.
b. Seeds.
Note.—The leaves which most resemble those of Digitalis, and which
frequently grow in the same neighbourhood, are those of Verbascum
nigrum, L.,and Inula Conyza, D.C. The leaves of Digitalis may be dis-
tinguished from those of both these plants, by the smaller veins extending
into the wing of the petiole. Verbascum thapsus, L., has leaves which
are too woolly to be easily mistaken for those of foxglove. See P. J. [1],
vol. iv., p. 126; xi., p. 523. The seeds have been recommended as a sub-
stitute for the leaves, as being more reliable in their action, and less
likely to be adulterated than the leaves. P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 419. The
leaves are said to be more active in early autumn than when the plant is
in flower, P. J. [3], vol. i., p.50. For therapeutical use, see P. J. [3],
vol. ii., pp. 323, 366. For volatile alkaloid, P. J. [2], vol. v., p. 586.
LEPTANDRA Virainica, Nutt... (Black Root, Leptandra, Culver’ s
Physic, Tall Speedwell.)
a. Rhizome.
Note.—The rhizome is official in the U. 8. Pharmacopeeia. It is used as
a stimulant to the liver and absorbent system, and possesses considerable
medicinal activity. Leptandrin is a resinous principle obtained from the
root. See Amer. Dispens., p. 479. Bentley and Trrimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 196.
LyYPERIA CROCEA, Eckl. (Cape Saffron, Geele Blomeetjes.)
a. Flowers.
Note.—The flowers when dried are black, and have an odour like
saffron; and when moistened and rubbed between the fingers, yield a
yellow stain. They are used in the convulsions of children, and as a
colouring agent. The flowers are sometimes mixed with those of other
species. This specimen was presented by Mr. J. M. Leslie, Port Eliza-
beth, South Africa, See Pappe’s Flora Med. Cap., p.31; P.J. [2], vol.
vi, p. 462,
t
—
-_
_ .
ae ae ee
106 7 i
POLYGONACEA. bes
427. Cocconopa vuvirera, L. (Stange Grape.) a ,
a. Bark. a
b. Extract. (Jamaica Kino.) Two specimens. a
Note.—Jamaica kino is made by evaporating a decoction of the leaves,
wood, and bark of the tree. The wood yields a red dye. See Lindley’s
Fl. Med., p. 353.
428. Potyconum Bistorra, L. (Bistort.)
a. Root. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 212.
Note.—The root is twice twisted upon itself, whence its name. It con-
tains tannin and starch, and was formerly used for making an astringent
gargle and injection. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 503.
429. Rueum compactum, L.
a. Root. (French Rhubarb, round.)
b. Root. (Ditto, flat.)
Note.—These specimens were presented by Prof. Guibourt to Dr.
Pereira, and by him to the Pharmaceutical Society. French rhubarb
may be known by its irregular shape, and by the transverse fracture
showing two radiate zones. For fig., see P. J. [8], vol. ii., p. 1010;
Hist. des Drog., t. ii., p. 430, figs. 481,483. The flat pieces are pro-
bably produced by Rheum rhaponticum, L. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt.i., p. 493.
430. Ranum Emop1, Wail.
a. Root. (Large Himalayan Rhubarb.)
Note.—This rhubarb was imported into London in 1840. It differs
entirely in appearance and structure from commercial rhubarb. For
description, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 491; P. J., [1], vol. iv.,
p- 449. This specimen formerly belonged to Dr. Pereira’s collection, and
was presented to him by Dr. Wallich.
431. Ruevum orricinaLe, Baill.
a. Rootstock. (Russian Rhubarb, Turkey Rhubarb, Russia
Brown Rhubarb.)
Note.—This kind of rhubarb has not been exported from Russia since
1860. Specimen a is the one from which Pereira’s description was
taken. The Russian label, a copy of which is given in his work, is pre-
served with the specimen. This specimen was collected in 1840. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p.487. A specimen of the plant in flower
is in the Herbarium of this Society. See P. J. [8], vol. vi., p. 861.
b. Rootstock. (Russian Rhubarb.)
Note.—This specimen was brought from Russia by Mr. T. Greenish,
in 1874. Russian rhubarb is distinguished by the large size of the holes
made in it, which are large enough to admit the end of the little finger,
by its surface having been sliced off, and by its structure resembling that
of East Indian Rhubarb. See Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 213, 215.
c. Rootstock. (Hast Indian Rhubarb, Chinese Rhubarb.)
d. Ditto, rounds. Very fine specimens.
e. Ditto, flats. Ditto. -
Note.—This rhubarb is probably derived from the same species as re
:
432. Rueum orricrvate, continued.
Russian rhubarb, but receives its name from the country from which it
is imported. For description of the plant yielding it, see P. J. (3),
vol. iii., p. 301; vol. iv., p. 690. Some of the East Indian rhubarb of
commerce is also derived from Rheum palmatum, var. Tanguticum, Maz.
See P. J. [8], vol. v., p. 784.—Regel’s Garten Flora, Jan., 1875. For
collection of the root, see P. J. (1), vol. ii., p. 658; [2], vol. vii., p. 375;
Pharmacographia, p. 442. East Indian rhubarb is distinguished by the
small size, dark colour, and irregular shape of the holes with which it is
pierced, these holes being often filled with stout string, by the outer
surface being frequently marked with whitish reticulations which are
more evident when the powder has been rubbed off, and by the transverse
surface showing a number of starlike marks, but no distinct cortical
layer. For an excellent figure of these marks, see Goebel und Kunze,
Waar., pt. ii., taf. i. fig. 2b, 3b; Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 430, figs.
482, 486. For a microscopical structure of the root, see Berg, Anat.
Atlas, taf. xii.; P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 841. English rhubarb in powder is
sometimes sold for the East Indian; this substitution may be detected by
rubbing it with an essential oil and magnesia, when the powder becomes
pink. It is from this cause that Gregory’s powder sometimes becomes
of a pink colour soon after being made. See P. J. (2), vol. ii., p. 28.
Turmeric may be detected by moistening the powder, and then adding
boracic acid, which turns it red brown if turmeric be present. See P, J.
[3], vol. iv., p. 354. For active principles, see P. J. (1), vol. xvii., p.
572; vol. x., p. 39. For fluid extract, see P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 398.
For red colouring matter, P. J. [1], vol. iv., p. 446.
f. Rootstock. (Batavian or Dutch Trimmed Rhubarb,
Dr. P., 206.)
Note.—This rhubarb differs only from the East Indian in having an
angular appearance, owing to the surface having been sliced off. It is
not now met with in English commerce as a distinct variety, but used to
be imported from Canton and Singapore. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i., p. 491.
g. Rootstock. (Kast Inilian Rhubarb.) Presented by Mr.
Paternoster.
Note.—This specimen is peculiar by reason of the meditullium being
separated from the cortical portion.
h. Root. (Canton Stick Rhubarb.)
Note—This is probably obtained from the root branches of the
Chinese rhubarb plant. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 491; P. J.
[1], vol. iv., p. 446.
432. — Rauaponticum, L..
- Root. (Hnglish Rhubarb, “fine or Turkey trimmed.”)
: Ditto. Ditto, “ East Indian trimmed.”
c. Ditto. Ditto, “ Dutch trimmed.”
d. Ditto. Ditto, “‘ small trimmed.”’
e. Ditto. Ditto, “ cuttings.”
bike aescuin rhubarb is trimmed to imitate the Russian and East
Indian rhubarbs, but may be detected by the absence of whitish reticula-
- 7v
432. RHEUM RHAPONTICUM, continued.
433.
43.4.
435.
436.
437.
108.
tions on the surface, by the presence of straight lines here and there in
groups on the external surface, and by the transversely cut surface —
showing straight lines radiating from centre to circumference, and by
the cortical portion forming a well marked line, also by the holes being
well rounded and fresh looking, owing to their having been made witha = —
mouse-tail file. In powder it may be recognised by the test given under _ ‘
East Indian rhubarb. For fig. of these marks, see Goebel und Kunze, te
Waar., pt. ii., taf. 3, fig. 1b; Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xi., B. For cultiva- "
tion, oto., see P, J. [1], vol. vi., p. 76; [2], vol. ix., p. 81. |
f. Root. (Siberian Rhubarb.) Presented by Messrs. Hearon, ta
McCulloch & Squire.
g. Root. (Siberian Rhubarb. Presented by Mr. Faber.)
Note. —Specimen g was grown in Siberia, from seeds obtained in the
country where the Russian rhubarb grows. It was imported into this —
country in January, 1844. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 490.
It is probably the produce of Rheum rhaponticun. P.J. Q), vol. iv.,
pp. 448, 500.
h. Root. (Austrian Rhubarb.)
Note.—This appears to be identical in structure with English
rhubarb. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 214.
RHEUM UNDULATUM, L.
a. Root. (Bucharian Rhubarb.)
Note.—This rhubarb is an inferior kind, which does not appear at the
present time in English commerce. It is described by Guibourt under
the name of Rhubarb de Perse, as it was imported through Persia and
Turkey. For description, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 489;
P. J. [2], vol. ix., p. 249; [1], vol. iv., p. 446. This specimen was
presented by Mr. Faber, by whom it was received in 1840, from St.
Petersburg.
Rueum WessiAnuM, Royle.
a. Root. (Small Himalayan Rhubarb.)
Note.—This specimen was presented to Pereira by Dr. Royle. It con-
sists of cylindrical brown pieces, somewhat curved or twisted. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii. pt. i., p. 492.
Rumex acetosa, DL. (Sorrel, Green Sauce.)
a. Root.
Note.—The leaves have been used as a potherb or salad. They con-
tain acid oxalate of potassium, tartaric acid, and tannic acid. See Per. .
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 502. This must not be confounded with
Woodsorrel, which is Oxalis acetosella, L.
Roumex Hyprotapatuum, Huds. (Great eaten Dock.)
a. Root, preserved wet.
Note.—The root is astringent and’ antiscorbutic. See Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 503. - far
CHENOPODIACEA.
CHENOPODIUM ANTHELMINTICUM, L.
a. Fruits. (Wormseed, Jerusalem Oak.)
--_ Note.—Wormseed is used as a vermifuge, chiefly for ascarides n
438,
439.
441,
442.
children. Of the oil, four to eight drops are given in sugar or in an
emulsion, and followed by a purgative. This species and CO. Botrys,
to which latter the name of Jerusalem oak is more commonly applied,
are said to possess also expectorant properties. For fig. of plant, see
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 216,
PHY TOLACCACEA,
Payrotacca precanpra, DL. (Garget or Poke, Pigeon Berry,
Scoke, Coakum.)
a. Root. (Poke Root.)
b. Raceme of fruits. (Poke Berries.)
Note.—The root and fruit are official in the secondary list of the
U. 8. Pharmacopeia. . The plant possesses emetic, cathartic, and
narcotic properties; it acts slowly, but the action continues for some
time. The root when being powdered sometimes causes headache, and
all the symptoms of coryza. Amer. Dispens., p.634; Am. Journ. Pharm.,
May 1875, p. 196.
PIPERACE.
ARTANTHE ELONGATA, Mig.; Piper ancustirouium, R. et P.
a. Leaves. (Matico.)
. ARTANTHE aDUNCA, Miq.; Pirer apuncum, L.
a. Leaves. (Spurious Matico.)
Note.—The term matico is applied to several plants in different parts
of South America. A. adunca is distinguished by the leaves not being
strongly reticulated, and nearly glabrous beneath. See P. J. [2], vol. v.,
p. 290; Pharmacographia, p. 532; and note under Eupatorium gluti-
nosum, No. 331. See also P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 472; and for fig. of
A. elongata, p. 525; and Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 242.
Cuavica Roxsureutl, Mig. ; Pirer orricinarum, C.de C.; Piper
Lonoum, LD. ;
a. Dried unripe fruit. (Long Pepper.)
Note.—Long pepper comes principally from Java, where it is produced
by Piper officinarum, C. de C, (Chavica officinarum, Mig.) In India,
Ceylon, and the Philippine islands, Long Pepper is derived from C. Rox-
burghii. See Pharmacographia, p. 524. Bentl. & Trim., Med. Pl., tab. 245.
Cupepa Crust, 0. de C. (African Cubebs, Guinea Oubebs, West
African Black Pepper, Benin Pepper.)
a. Dried unripe fruit.
b. Essential oil. ; ;
Note.—This kind of Cubebs has occasionally been imported into
London, the last time being in February, 1858. It is distinguished by
its taste, which is very pungent, and resembles pepper more than cubebs.
It also does not crack readily between the teeth, as cubebs does. It is
smaller in size than eubebs, and the external surface is not wrinkled.
The essential oil was prepared by Mr. Darby, of Leadenhall Street, for
_ Messrs. Desnaux & Co, See P. J. [1], vol. xiv., pp. 198, 363, and
for figs of fruit, p. 201. See also Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 392.
-
- | =
442. Cupnsa Crust, continued. . .
443.
445,
’ flowers, which appear before the leaves. See P. J. [1], vol.i., p. 395;
f 4
The fruits of Toddalia lanceolata have also been imported from the Caja’
of Good Hope under the name of African cubebs. See P. J. (2), vol. vi.,
p. 463.
CuBEBA OFFICINALIS, Mig. ; Piper cupEsa, L.
a. Raceme of fruit.
b. Immature fruit.
c. Cubebs with a peculiar odour.
d. Essential oil.
Note.—For analysis of the fruit, see P. J. (3), vol. ii., p. 270. The
cubebs with a peculiar odour is probably produced by Piper crassipes.
Korth. See Pharmacographia, p. 530. It has a bitter taste, and an odour
like olibanum. The diuretic properties are said to exist in the resin rather
than in the volatile oil. See P. J. [2], vol. ix., p. 539; for extract, see
P. J. [1), vol. vi., p. 319; for Cubebin, P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 37; see
also Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt:i., p. 395; B. & T., Med. Plants, tab, 243.
. MacropirerR METHYsTICUM, Miq.
a. Root. (Cava Root, Ava Root, Kawa Kawa.)
Note.—The root is used as an intoxicating agent in the Sandwich and
Fiji islands, the root being first chewed and then mixed with water.
See P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 474; and for fig. of plant, p. 473; see also
Treas. Bot., p. 708; 'P. J. [1], vol. ix., p. 219 ; [2], vol. iv., p. 85; [8],
vol, vii., p. 149.
PIPER NIGRUM, LD.
a. Woody stem.
b. Dried unripe fruit. (Black Pepper.)
c. Dried ripe fruit. (White Pepper.)
Note. — The white pepper is less pungent than the black, which is said to
be owing to the fruit being allowed to ripen before being gathered. It
consists of the fruit deprived of the fleshy portion of the pericarp, see
Pharmacographia, p. 523. Malabar black pepper is considered the best
kind, and the Tellicherry and Penang the finest varieties of the white
pepper. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 385; P. J. [2], vol. vii.,
p. 288; and for adulterations, P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 605; and for figs.,
wi J. [2], vol. ii., pp. 7, 8, 9; Bentley and Trine: Med. Plants, tab. 245,
THYMELACEZ.
. Dapune Laurson, LD.
a. Root, preserved wet. See Bent. é Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 226.
. Dapone MezerevM, LD.
a. Root, preserved wet.
b. Ditto, dried.
c. Bark of the root.
d. Original bundle of root bark.
Note.—The stem bark of D. laureola is similar to that of D. mezereum,
but has not the prominent leaf scars of the latter. D. Laureola has
evergreen leaves, and green flowers. D. Mezereum, purplish red
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 477. B. & Tr., Med. Plants, tab, 225.
Oh :
Pra wet) o> AQUILARIACRA.
48 Aquaria Acattoona, Rowb.
a. Wood. (lign Aloes Wood.)
4 Note.—This wood is supposed to be the aloes of Scripture. It has an
odour faintly resembling that of patchouli. See Pharmacographia,
p. 616; Bentley’s Man., p. 609. It has been used in gout and rheumatism.
Lindley, Flor. Med., p. 327.
¥ PENAACEA.
449, Penma Sarcocoria, L.
a. Gum. (Gum Sarcocol.) ,
Note.—This substance was formerly used for healing wounds, hence |
its name. The taste is sweet, with a decided bitterness. It is said to.
have been brought from Arabia. See Pomet’s History of Drugs, 3rd ed.,
p. 198; Treas. Bot., p, 1020; Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 587. Sarcocolline
is a substance sui generis, intermediate between sugar and gum.
LAURACEA.
450. Acropictiprum Camara, R. Schomb.
a. Seed. (Ackawa, Camara Nutmeg, Buck Nutmeg.)
Note.—This seed comes from British Guiana, and is used by the
Indians as a substitute for nutmegs. See Bentley’s Man., p. 611. The
seed is turnip shaped, and consists of two cotyledons, each of which is
as large as two nutmegs; the taste is between that of nutmeg and citron
peel.
451. Campyora orricinaruM, O. Bank; CrynamMomuM CAMPHORA,
Fr. Nees et Eberm. :
a. Stearoptene. (Orude*Oamphor.)
b. Ditto. (Refined Camphor.)
+ c. Ditto. (Do.a “bell” of camphor.)
+ d. Ditto. Ditto. Presented by Messrs. Atkinson & Co.,
_ May, 1875.
e. Camphor oil, from Formosa. ;
f. Ditto, with feathery crystals of camphor in it.
Note.—Specimen e came from Formosa, per ship Nestor, and was
presented by Messrs. Hodgkinson & Co. The camphor oil drains out
of the vats or tubs in which the crude camphor is packed before exporta-
tion. It is used by the Chinese for rheumatism. See Pharmacographia,
pp. 461, 465. Oil of Camphor of Borneo is derived from Dryobalanops ‘
aromatica, Gaertn., and is found in reservoirs in the trunk of the tre. =~
See l. c., p. 465. The Formosa oil is distinguished by its peculiar
odour, which resembles that of nutmeg or sassafras. For fig. of plant,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 222.
-
452, CixnaMomum Aromaticum, Nees; Ormwamomum Cassia, Blume.
+ a. Section of trunk, polished.
Note.—Attached to this specimen is a memorandum te Dr. Pereira to
the effect that he believed it to be derived from Litsea zeylanica, and
not from the cassia-tree. Its bark has not the taste of cassia.
b. Bark. (Chinese Cassia, an original bundle.) EP
Note.—For an account of the cassia-trees of China, see Porter Smith,
~ Chinese Mat. Med., p. 52.
c. Bark. (Manilla Cassia.)
Note.—This is the bark described by Pereira in his Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt.i. p. 446. It differs from ordinary cinnamon, in having the opidersiiia
imperfostly removed. It is possibly the produre of C. Burmanni, Bi.
See Pharmacographia, p. 475.
d. Bark. (Singapore canella.)
e. Ditto. (Cassia from Calcutta.)
Note.—Specimen e is in long smooth thick quills, and has a taste
reminding one of the smell of brown Windsor soap. It is labelled in
Hanbury’s writing, ‘‘ Bark from Calcutta, sold in London as Cassia vera.”
It is probably obtained from another species, perhaps C. Tamala.
Specimen d does not differ from ordinary cassia, except in having a
pale greyish fracture.
f. Oil of cassia.
Note.—Oil of cassia is sometimes adulterated with oil of cloves. This
may be detected by the action of nitric acid, which causes oil of cassia to
crystallize, if pure; but only to swell’ up, and form a thick brown oil if
oil of-cloves be present. See P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 602; for artificial
oil of cassia, P. J. [1], vol. xv., p. 180.
g. Flower-buds, cassia buds.
Note.—Cassia buds are supposed to be the flower-buds of the tree
which yields Chinese cassia bark. Pharmacographia, p. 479. See also
Porter Smith, Chinese Mat. Med., p. 53. Cassia buds are used in con-
fectionery and in Pot Pourri. See Bentl. d Trim., Med. Plants, tab, 223.
453. ‘CinwamomuM CuniLawan, Bl.
454, CINNAMOMUM INERS, Rein.
+ a. Section of stem.
b. Bark, in flat pieces. (Culilawan Bark, Indian Clove
Bark.)
Note.—This bark has exactly the taste of allspice. It occurs in thick,
flat pieces. This bark must not be confounded with Brazilian clove
bark, which occurs in tubular quills, packed one inside the other, and
has a taste like cloves. Lindl. Flor. Med., p..331; Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 437. For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, taf. xxvii., fig. i-v.
a. Fruit. .
Note.—These fruits are.used in-Southern India instead of cassia buds.
Their taste is not so agreeable. Pharm. Ind., pp. 195, 460,
a. Section of the trunk, polished.
b. Portion of a young branch.
é. Inner bark. (Ceylon Oinnamon.)
a. Ditto, an original bundle.
e. Ditto. (Tellicherry Cinnamon.)
Note.—Tellicherry cinnamon is similar in appearance to the Ceylon
- variety, but the inner surface is more fibrous, and the flavour inferior,
f. Ditto. (Malabar or Madras Cinnamon.)
Note.—This variety is coarser and thicker than the Ceylon variety,
and is inferior to the latter in flavour.
g. Cayenne Cinnamon.
Note.—The oil of this kind is more pungent and acrid than that of
Ceylon cinnamon. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 440; Journ. de
Pharm., vol, iii., p. 434.
h. Cinnamon chips, from Dalton & Young, July 6th, 1871.
t. Thick cinnamon, from W. E. Fry, Ceylon, May 22nd,
1874.
Note.—Specimens h and i were presented by Mr. D. Hanbury, Nov.,
1874. Cinnamon chips are the trimmings from the shoots, and are very
aromatic. Thick cinnamon occurs in pieces which, in shape and appear-
ance, resemble Carthagena bark. Iti is deficient in aroma, and unfit for
pharmaceutical use. See Pharmacographia, p. 472; P. J. [2], vol. iv.,
p. 319.
j. Essential oil. (Oil of Cinnamon.)
k. Ditto. (Oil of Cinnamon leaf.)
Note.—Oil of cinnamon leaf differs in its darker colour, greater viscidity,
and cloye-like odour. For detection of adulterations in cinnamon pow-
der, see Pharmacographia, p. 474; and for tincture, see P. J. [3], vol. ii.,
pp. 467, 641. For artificial oil of cinnamon, P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 281.
The “small cinnamon” of commerce consists of the portions broken
during the unpacking of the drug in the dock warehouses, and is often
of excellent quality. For oil of Cinnamon leaf, see P. J. [1], vol. xiv.,
p. 819. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 224.
l. Brazilian cinnamon, grown near Rio Janeiro.
Note.—This bark has a rough surface, and an inferior somewhat soapy
~ flavour. See Pharmacographia, p. 472.
456. DicypEniium CARYOPHYLLATUM, Nees.
a. Bark. (Olove Cassia Bark, Brazilian Clove Bark, Pao
Orawo, Imyra-Quiyuha.)
Note.—This bark occurs in tubular quills, packed one in the other. It.
has a powerful, clove-like taste. For fig. of the bark, see Goebel ynd
f Kunze, Waar., taf. iii., fig. 13. In appearance it resembles cassia ; but is
ay ‘@atker; axi® often mscked with indistinct transverse lines. It is very
hard. P. J. (1), vol. iv., p. 466; Martius, ee Mat. Med. Bras., p, 111.
I
-
457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
Laurus Benzo, L. (Spicewood, Wild Allspice, Feverwoc
Benjamin Bush.) 2
a. Bark.
Note.—The bark is used in N. America as an aromatic tonic and stimu-
lant ; but is not official in the U.S. Pharmacopeeia. It is given in decoc-
tion or infusion in ague, typhoid fever, and is also used as an anthel-
mintic. See Amer. Dispens., p. 158. The berries are said to have been a
used during the American war instead of allspice. Lindl. Flor. Med.,
p. 339. .
Laurus nosis, L. (Sweet Bay, True Bay, or Noble Laurel.)
a. Fruit. (Bay Berries.)
b. Concrete oil. (Oil of Bays.)
Note.—The leaves possess tonic and febrifuge properties. See P. J.
[3], vol. iii., p. 488. The fruit somewhat resembles Cocculus indicus in~
appearance, but is perfectly. oval, and contains two loose cotyledons.
The bayberry powder, which appears,in the eclectic recipes for ‘* com-
position powder,” is not the powder of these berries, but of the root-bark
of Myrica cerifera, which is known in N. America under the name, of
bayberry. See Amer. Dispens., p. 535. The common or cherry laurel
of the gardens is Prunus Lauro-Cerasus. The leaves may be distin- j
guished from those of the true laurel by the difference in odour when a
bruised, and by the garden laurel having serrate leaves, while those of
the bay laurel are entire and undulate. The leaves in which Solazzi
juice is packed are those of bay laurel. For a volatile oil of bay, see the q
Hanbury collection. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 221.
Necranpra Ropia1, Schomb. (Bibiru, or Green Heart Tree.)
a. Bark.
b. Fruit. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 219.
Note.—This bark resembles flat calisaya bark in appearance, but is
much harder and heavier. The bark of Alstonia constricta has been
offered in the London market for Bibiru bark, but differs entirely in
appearance, having a thick, rough, grey external layer. See Pharma-
cographia, p. 481. The seeds, which contain starch, after their bitter
principle has been washed out, are made into bread by the Indians.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i, p. 467. Bibirine has been found
useful in menorrhagia, see P. J. [2], vol. ix., p. 27.
Necranpra Pucuury, Nees.
a. Cotyledons. (Sassafras Nuts, Pichuwrim, or Puchury
Beans.)
Note.—These cotyledons have been used as a tonic and astringent. —
Their taste is between that of sassafras and nutmeg. They are occasion-
ally imported from Brazil. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 462.
PERSEA GRATISSIMA, Gaertn. f. : ()
a. Fruit. (Avocado, or Alligator Pear.) eh
Note.—This fruit is eaten in the West Indies. The seeds yield an Mi 7
indelible black stain, and are used for marking linen. Treas. Bot 5a
p- 867. nfs”
463.
OP ealcrass tovtciss, Nour. .
J ig (
a. Section of trunk, polished.
> Shavings of the wood.
c. Bark. —
d. Root.
e. Root bark.
f. Pith.
g- Essential oil.
Note.—In this country the root is official; but in America, the root
bark and the pith are official; the bark is much more fragrant than the
woody portion. The pith is used in the proportion of two drachms to a
pint of water to form a demulcent drink for catarrh and other affections
of the mucous membrane, and also as a local application in ophthalmia.
The pith is obtained from the young branches. See Amer. Dispens.,
p- 475. For examination of root, see P. J. [1], vol. v., p.426. For micr.
structure, P. J. (3), vol. iii.,p. 181. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 220.
ATHEROSPERMACEA.
ATHEROSPERMA MORCHATA, Forst. (Australian Sassafras.)
a. Bark.
b. Essential oil from the leaves.
Note.—The bark is used in Australia as a substitute for tea. It
possesses diaphoretic and diuretic properties. See P. J. [1], vol. xv.,
p- 115. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 613.
MYRISTICACEA.
464, Mynistica orFICcINALIs, E. f.; M. rracrans, Houtt.
a. Fruit and leaves, preserved wet. Two specimens.
b. Seeds with arillus. ;
c. Arillus of seed. (Mace.)
d. Nucleus of seed. (Penang Nutmegs.) Two specimens.
e. Ditto, limed. (Dutch or Batavian Nutmegs.)
f. Ditto. (British Possessions Limed Nutmegs.)
g- Expressed oil from nutmegs. (Oil of Mace.)
h. Volatile oil from nutmegs. (Oil of Nutmegs.)
Note.—The fruit consists of a succulent dehiscent ovary containing
one seed, the seed being surrounded by an arillus, which is a growth
_ from the hilum. Nutmeg is the kernel of the seed with the endopleura
folded into it, giving the albumen a marbled appearance known as
ruminated. Limed nutmegs are preferred in some countries. The lime
is said to preserve the seeds from insects, but it injures the flavour. The
Chinese prefer to import their nutmegs in the testa or shell, in which they
keep good for a great length of time; the shells occupy one-third of their
weight, Oil of mace is made from those nutmegs which are too small for |
exportation. See P. J. [1], vol. xi., pp. 516-520; see also Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 470; Pharmacographia, p. 451. For volatile oil,
- see P, J. (3), vol. iv., p. 811; [1], vol. x., p. 850. For myristicin,
_ PJ. (8), vol. v., p. 136. See Benth. & Trim, Med, Plants, tab. .;
-_
a
- -
2 > an
465,
466.
467.
468.
Myristica Fatua, Houtt.
a. Arillus. (Wild Mace.)
b. Seeds with arillus.
c. Seeds.
d. Nucleus of seed. (Wild Nutmegs, Long Nutmegs.)
Note.—The nucleus of the seed is occasionally met with in the grocers’
shops in London, under the name of long nutmegs. It differs from the
true nutmeg in being longer, but possesses the flavour of nutmeg in a
great degree. For fig. and description, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
pp. 471, 473.
ULMACEZ:.
Utmus campestris, D.
a. Inner Bark. (Him Bark.) ©
Note.—The bark has been used as a mucilaginous astringent, and as
an alterative in some cutaneous diseases. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i., p. 364. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 232.
Uxmus Futva, Mich. (Red Elm, Slippery Elm.)
a. Inner bark. (Slippery Elm Bark.)
Note.—The bark has a strong odour like fenugreek seed. It contains a
quantity of mucilage, and in fine powder is largely used,in America to
form a kind of gruel, which is often made with milk; in coarser or
granular powder it is used for making poultices. Externally its use has
sometimes caused irritation, particularly in ulcers, or where the skin is
broken. See Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 841; Pharmacographia, p. 501.
See also Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 233.
CANNABINACEA.
CaNNABIS SATIVA, var. INDICA.
a. Tops. (Guaza, Indian Hemp, Gunjah.)
b. Ditto. (“D’amba or Dakha,” from Congo.) See P. J.
(1], vol. ix., p. 363.
c. Resinous exudation. (Bengal Churrus.) Presented by
Dr. Shaughnessy.
d. Ditto. (Hashish.)
Note.—Specimen d is in a coil like that of Labdanum. It was
received from Constantinople in May, 1863, and was presented by Mr. P.
Squire. For smoking, four grains are used each time. Specimen cis in —
oblong pieces about the size of a walnut or date.
e. Hashish sweetmeat. ,
Note.—This specimen consists of a mixture of sugar, extract of hemp, :
filberts, preserved ginger, and spices, and was presented by Mr. P. Squire,
to whom it was sent by Dr. Dicks. It was prepared at Constantinople in ~
1864. -
“‘ Gunjah ” consists of the flowering tops from which the resin has not
been removed. ‘‘Bhang”’ consists of the larger leaves and capsules with-
out the stalks, The specimen of Hashish in the museum is identical
with the Bengal Churrus of Dr. Shaughnessy, differing only in shape.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol.ii., pt. i., p. 367. P.J. [8], vol. iii., 622, Art. Kief.
The name “ Hashish” appears to be applied in Arabic to that which
is called Bhang in Hindustanee. See Pharmacographia p. sa also
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 281. "4 2
- a. Strobiles.
b. Fruits.
>. ec. Lupuline, or lupulinic glands.
a Note.—Lupuline consists of the glands which cover the fruit, ete. It
- must not be confounded with lupulite, the bitter principle of the hop.
See Royle, Mat. Med., p. 636; Pharmacographia, p. 495; Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 375; and for fig. of lupulinic glands, Berg, Anat.
Atlas, taf. 49. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 230.
: MORACEZ).
470. Dorstenta Brasturnsis, L. (Hayapid, Oarapid.)
> a. Root. (Contrayerva Root.)
Note.—The root was formerly used in this country as a stimulant,
tonic, and diaphoretic, but it is now obsolete. The inflorescence is
remarkable as affording an instance of an open hypanthodium. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 381, fig. 165. For fig. of the root, see Goebel
und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. vii.
ARTOCARPACEA.
471. Antiaris TOxIcARIA, Lesch. (Upas Tree, or Antiar.)
| a. Upas poison.
| Note.—This specimen was sent by Mr. J. Christie, merchant in Java,
| to Mr. J. Bowerbank, about the year 1816. This poison is said to render
the heart insensible to the stimulus of the blood. Bes Per. Mat. Med.,
| vol. ii., pt. i., p. 383.
EUPHORBIACE.
472. Axeurires Amprnvx, Pers. (Belgaum, or Indian Walnut,
Candleberry Tree, Bankoul Nut.)
a. Seeds. Presented by Mr. J. Reeves.
Note.—The oil of the seed, known in Ceylon as Kekune oil, is said to
be as mild in its action as castor oil, and to have the advantage of being
more fluid, and without taste or smell. P. J. [2], vol. ii., p. 42 ; Pharm.
Ind., p. 203. The oil is occasionally imported, and is known as artist’s
oil or country walnut oil. Treas. Bot., p. 36.
473. Anpa Brasitiensis, Raddi. (Anda-agu, Indayagu, Purga de
Gentio, Cocco de Purga, Purga dos Paulistas, Fruita
? d’ Arara.)
4 a. Fruit.
b. Fixed oil.
Note.—The oil has been found to be moderately purgative in doses of
twenty drops. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.i., p. 428. For fig. of
fruit, see Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 360.
“474, Cnrorvm tricoccon, L. (Widow-wale.)
a. Leaves and twigs. Presented by Mr. McCulloch.
_. Note.—This plant is stated by C. Bauhin to be the Mezereon of
Avicenna. The leaves much resemble those of the olive-tree. See
| Per. Mat. Med., vol. iin, pts i., p. ATT.
ess ee, a Fee - -
475. Croton Exvureria, Bennett.
‘ a. Branchlets, showing the bark ¢ m ii:
b. Bark. 4 1
c. Spurious cascarilla bark. (Croton Lucidum, L. ?)
Note.—The barks of other species of croton have sometimes been found ~
mixed with Cascarilla bark in nines bales as imported, see P. J. [1],
vol. vii., p. 35.
Specimen c is distinguished £ from true Cascarilla by want of its aroma,
its astringency, and by the redder tint and striated appearance of the
inner surface. See P. J. [8], vol. iv., p. 810. For Cascarilline, see :
P. J. [1], vol. v., p. 223. For micr. structure, P. J. [8], vol. iii., |
p. 664; Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 37. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 238.
476. Croton Matamso, Krst.
* a. Bark. (Malambo. Bark, Matias Bark.)
Note.—This bark has an odour like that of Calamus aromaticus. It
is said to have been used in America as an adulterant of ground spice.
Bee P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 169. It is used in Columbia in infusion for
diarrhea and as a vermifuge, and the tincture is used as an external
application for rheumatism. P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 821; P. J. [1], vol.
vi., p. 255. Bentley’s Man. Bot., p. 625.
477. CROTON NIVEUS, Jacq. ; Croron psEupo-CHINA, Schlecht.
a. Bark in quills. (Oopalchi bark, Cascarilla.)
Note.—This is the bark mentioned by Pereira under the name of
‘*Quilled Copalche” in his Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 415. It is
figured in Goebel und Kunze, Waar., taf. xxvi., fig. 1-6. The taste is
similar to that of Cascarilla, with a slight flavour of mace. It is readily
distinguished from other barks bythe surface, when denuded of the
loose outer layer, presenting the appearance of having been rasped.
Under a lens this is seen to be owing to numerous minute oblong pits 7
which cover its surface. See P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 319; Pharmaco-
graphia, p.507. It is remarkable for containing an alkaloid which gives )
a green colour with chlorine and ammonia, but does not give any cha-
racteristic compound with iodine.
This specimen was presented by Mr. J. E. Howard. It was imported
from Puntas Arenas, in the gulf of Nicoya, in 1855. Since that date it .
z has been offered in the London market as Cusparia bark. .
478. Croton supERosum, H. et B.? Croton pseupo-Carna, Schiede.
a. Bark, in corky quills. (Ohiquiqui Bark.)
Note.—This bark is the ‘‘ Corky Copalchi Bark” of Pereira, described -
in his Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 416. Its taste is very bitter, and it is
almost free from aroma. It is distinguished from the last by its very
thick corky layer, and by the dark surface when the corky layer is re-
moved. This specimen was presented by Dr. Lindley, in April, 1851, as
an undoubtedly authentic specimen of chiquiqui bark. It was brought
from Guatemala by Mr. G. W. Skinner, and appears to be identical with
the bark described in P. J. [1], vol. ix., p. 463, by Dr. J. Stark, who F
states that it is called ‘‘ Natri” in Chili.- This bark is not the copalchi
bark figured by Goebel, which is that of C. pseudo-China, Schlecht,
Croton niveus, Jacg. See note by Howard, P. J. [1], vol. xiv., P. 819.
It was also met with in the London market in 1875. .
-
ae
78. CRrovon supERosuM, continued.
b. Bark in corky quills. (Oorky Oopalchi Bark, Chiquiqui
Bark, Natri Bark, Quina Blanca of Mexico.)
Note.—This specimen has no history attached to it, but is probably that
described by Stark in the P. J. [1], vol. ix., p. 463, since the label ascribes
it to the species to which he refers it, and gives the synonyms mentioned
by him. It is identical in taste and appearance with specimen a, and
not with the bark of Croton pseudo-China, Schlecht, to which Stark
refers it. |
479. Croton spzorrs.
480.
a. Bark.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Mr. J. Collins. It was im-
ported from San Juan in Mexico, and offered for sale in London in 1869.
It is not bitter, and has a taste resembling that of Turkish oil of geranium
(oil of ginger grass). Its botanical source is unknown.
b. Bark said to contain quinine. Presented by Mr. J. E.
Howard.
Croton Tietrum, DL.
a. Seed. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 239.
b. Fixed oil, obtained from the seeds in England. (Croton
Oil.)
c. Ditto, imported.
d. Croton cake, from which the oil has been expressed.
e. Husks of the seed.
Note.—The oil expressed in England is more esteemed than that im-
ported from India. Pharmacographia, p. 509. The English oil is darker
in colour than the Indian. Hypercatharsis produced by croton oil may
be controlled by copious draughts of diluted lemon or lime juice or
vinegar. Ind. Pharm., p.201. East Indian oil forms a milky mixture
with its own weight of alcohol (0-796), which ultimately separates ; but
English oil dissolves, and forms # clear solution under the same circum-
stances. Pereira suggests that the East Indian oil may be adulterated
with jatropha oil, which is not soluble in twenty-four parts of alcohol.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 411.
481. Curcas purcans, L. (English Physic Nuts.)
a. Seeds. (Physic Nuts, Polga Nuts, Pinheiro de Purga,
Pinhao Paraguay.) Presented by Mr. Morson.
b. Oil expressed from the seeds. (Oil of Wild Castor
Seeds, Jatropha Oil.)
Note.—These seeds are in size and shape like those of the castor oil
plant, but have a dull, black, cracked surface. Christison states that
twelve to fifteen drops of the oil are equal to one ounce of castor oil, but
the action of the drug is uncertain. The oil is only sparingly soluble
in alcohol. See Ind. Pharm., p. 203. The leaves have been used as a
cataplasm to produce lactagogue effects. For fig. of seed see Hist. des Drog.,
vol.ii., p. 855. See also Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 427; P. J. [1),
ia vol. v., p. 25; vol. vii., p. 210; [2], vol. vii., p. 554.
- « ‘ oa
| 120 oe
482. Curcas muutiripus, Endl.; JaTRopHa muLtiFipa, L. (Coral
Plant.) ae.
a. Seeds. (French Physic Nuts, Purguira Nuts, Spanien ’ **
Physic Nuts.) ¢
b. Fruit and oil.
Note.—These seeds are nearly as powerfully purgative as croton oil
seeds, three of them having been known to produce symptoms of poison-
ing. See Ind. Pharm., p. 203; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 427.
483. Evpnorsia corotiata, L. (Large Flowering Spurge, Bloom
Spurge, Milk Weed.)
a. Root.
Note.—The root bark is emetic in doses of fifteen to twenty grains, and
acts without causing much nausea, but is uncertain in its action. Itis
official in the secondary list of the U. S. Pharmacopeia. See Amer.
Dispens., p. 353. When given, with vinegar, it acts as a purgative.
484, Evpnorsia Ipecacuanna, L. (Wild Ipecac, Ipecac Spurge.)
a. Root. (American Ipecacuanha.)
Note.—The root bark possesses emetic, expectorant, and cathartic pro-
perties. It is chiefly used as a hydragogue in dropsical affections, in
doses of ten to fifteen grains. Amer. Dispens., p. 356. Its properties
are due to aresin. Amer. Journ. Pharm., 1873, p. 255.
485, Evrnorsia Latuyris, L. (Caper Spurge.) .
a. Seeds. (Semina Cataputice minoris, Grana Regia minora.)
Note.—This plant is sometimes cultivated in gardens, and known as
the Caper plant. The latter, however, belongs to a very different family.
The name of the true caper plant is Capparis spinosa. See T'reas. Bot.,
p. 217. The seeds contain an oil insoluble in alcohol, which is powerfully
purgative in doses of three to ten drops. Country labourers are said
to take the seed as a purge. Lindl, Fl. Med., p.194; P. J. [2], vol.
vii., p. 554.
486, EvPHORBIA RESINIFERA, Berg.
a. Stem.
b. Gum resin.
c. Ditto, showing the holes caused by the spines of i
plant.
Note.—This drug is chiefly used as a vesicant in veterinary medicine.
It causes considerable irritation of the nostrils and eyes when powdered.
Pharmacographia, p. 502; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.i., p. 401; P. J.
[3], vol. ii., p. 1049. Itis said to be used as an ingredient in paint for
ships’ bottoms. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 240.
487. Hura crepitans, L. (Sandbox Tree, Monkey’s Dinner Bell.)
a. Fruit. —
Note.—The seeds possess purgative and emetic properties, the emetic
property being said to reside in the embryo only. See P. J. [1], vol.ix., —
p. 181. The seeds lose their properties by age. The fruit affords an
instance of the regma, and it is from the noise caused by the bursting |
of the fruit that the plant gets its curious name. Treas. Bot., p. nome
Bentley’s Man, Bot., p. 298.
¥)
f
H,
488. Manmor vrmissta, Podl,
_a. Root sliced.
b, Cassava meal, coarse. From Dr. Shier.
¢. t. flour, fine. Ditto.
*c. Cassava bread. (Tapioca Meal, Moussache, or Cipipa.)
d. Cassava Starch, from British Guiana.
é. Ditto. (Brazilian Arrowroot.)
' f. Cassareep.
g. Matapi, or cassava squeezer. From Dr. Shier.
h. Etami, or cassava sifter.
i. Tapioca. Two specimens.
Note.—The root is grated and pressed in a matapi, or cylindrical bag,
made of the Ita palm (Mauritia flexuosa, L.) ; and after being pressed and
dried, is sifted through an etami, or sifter, made of the same material,
and then forms cassava meal, For figures of the matapi and etami, see
_ P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 248. Cassava bread occurs in thin round cakes,
and is made from the mealin a moist state by gently heating it, and then
drying it inthe sun. Cassareep, which is now an article of commerce in
London, is the concentrated juice of the bitter cassava, which loses its
poisonous properties by heat. P. J. [2], vi., p. 302. It is said, but
wrongly, to preserve meat boiled in it longer than any other substance
which can be used. Cassareep, mixed with peppers and meat, forms
the West Indian “ pepper-pot.”” See P. J. [1], vol. vii., p. 197; [2],
vol. ii., p. 18. For fig. of the starch see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 50. Tapi-
oca is made by heating and stirring the starch in a moist state until it
agglomerates. P. J. [3], vol. iii., p. 569; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p. 482. Rio tapioca is whiter than that from Bahia. For fig. of plant,
see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 235. ;
489. Ricinus communis, LD.
a. Fruit, preserved wet.
b. Seeds. (Castor Oil Seeds, Semina Cataputie majoris.)
ce. Ditto, differently marked.
d. Ditto. (African Castor Oil Seeds.)
Note—The African seeds were brought from W. Africa by Dr. Daniell.
A small variety of the seed is cultivated in India also, where the large
variety is expressed for lamp oil, and the small variety, for medicinal, oil.
P. J. [8], vol. iv., p. 676. The American variety, with reddish seeds, is
said to yield more oil than the Egyptian black seed, but the oil obtained
from the Egyptian seed is paler in colour. For Italian castor oil see
P. J. [2], vol. vii., p. 229; [2], vol. viii., p. 250. For cultivation in
Algeria, P. J. 2), vol.i., p. 530. For Indian castor oil, P. J. [3],
vol. iv., p. 676. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 237.
— 490. Rorriera TrINcTORIA, Rowb.; Matiorus Parirrensis, Mill. Arg.
a. Fruit. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 236.
" Glands covering the fruit. (Kamala, Kapila, Kapila- .:
podi, Wars, Wurrus, Wassunta gunda.) wa
ce. Ditto ‘‘ Wurrus,” first quality.
d. Ditto, ditto, second quality.
Note.—Wurrus is used in India very extensively as a rich orange brown
\
490.
491.
492.
493.
494.
495.
* 496.
RorrLeRa TINCTORIA, continued.
dye for silk. It is a less pure form of the drug than kamala. Kamala i is
used as a vermifuge, and sometimesin cutaneous diseases. See P. J. [1],
vol. xii., pp. 386, 589; [1], vol. xiii., p. 284. For fig. of the glands, see
P. J. [2], vol. ix., p. 279, fig. h.k. Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. 49, f. 185.
For Rottlerine, see P. J. [2], vol. ix., p. 310; [2], vol. ii., p. 166; [8],
vol. iii., p. 228; Pharmacographia, p. 518,
Srituincta sepirera, Mich. (Tallow Tree, Wu-k‘iu muh, Yah-
ki.)
a. Solid fat.
Note.—This fat consists of tripalmitin. It forms a coating on the
outside ofthe seed. It is used extensively in China for making candles,
and to a small extent as an emetic purgative, and antidote to poisons.
It has also been recommended for use as an ingredient in ointments and
suppositories. Porter Smith, Chinese Mat. Med., p. 211; P. J. [1], vol.
xii., p. 73.
SrmuLinGia syzvatica, LD.
a. Root. (Queen’s Delight, Queen’s Root, Yaw Root, Silver
Leaf.) ;
Note.—The root is official in the U. 8. Pharmacopeeia. It is used asa
powerful alterative in cutaneous, scrofulous, and syphilitic diseases. It
is said to exert a powerful influence over the secretory organs. Amer.
Dispens., p. 810. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 241.
ARISTOLOCHIACEA.
ARISTOLOCHIA LONGA, L.
a. Root.
ARISTOLOCHIA ROTUNDA, L.
Note.—The roots of these two species were formerly used in this
country as stimulant tonics and emmenagogues, to which latter property
the genus owes its name. See Pomet, Hist. of Drugs, pp. 44, 45; and for
fig. of the roots see,Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. ix., f. 1,2. The plants
are natives of the south of Europe. For A. cava, see Collection of Old
English Drugs.
ARISTOLOCHIA RETICULATA, Nutt.
a. Root. (Red River or Texan Serpentary Root.)
Note.—This species is official together with the next in the U. 8. Phar-
macopoia. It differs from the root of A. Serpentaria only in the rootlets
being thicker and less densely matted. All the serpentary root produced
south-west of the Rocky Mountains is stated to be the produce -of this
species. See Pharmacographia, p. 534. This species contains more
volatile oil than the other. See Amer., Dispens., p. 132.
ARiIsToL.ocHia SERPENTARIA, LD.
a. Root. (Virginian Snakeroot.)
Note.—This root somewhat resembles in appearance valerian and
Indian pink roots, but may be distinguished from both by its odour and ~
the brittleness of its rootlets. See Pharmacographia, p. 533. For fig. a
plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 246. :
Wee * Le ia -
‘
jh.
497. ARISTOLOCHIA SPECIES.
: a. Root. (Guaco.)
; _Note.—Gnuaco is a name given in Central and South America to the
roots of various plants used for snakebites. Specimen a is certainly the
root of a species of Aristolochia, probably of A. Guaco. See P. J. (1), vol.
xiii., p. 412. See also Mikania Guaco. It closely resembles in appearance
a root in the collection of Brazilian drugs received under the name of
Sipo de Milhomens, and which is referred by Martin to Aristolochia eym-
bifera and other species. See Martius. Mat. Med. Bras., p. 107.
498. Asanum Canapense, L.
a. Rhizome. (Wild Ginger, Indian Ginger, Canada Snake-
root, Coltsfoot.)
Note.—The rhizome is used as a stimulant, expectorant, and carmina-
tive. It is official in the secondary list of the U. 8S. Pharmacopaia.
Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 148. English Coltsfoot is Tussilago Far-
fara, L.
. SANTALACEA.
499. SanTaLoM atpum, D.
| a. Wood rasped. (Sandal Wood.)
| b. Volatile oil.
Note.—The wood is derived from several species of Santalum, and from
different countries. See Pharmacographia, p. 540. The oil is used as a
remedy for gonorrhea; and the wood, ground with water into a paste, is
used in India as an application to erysipelas and local inflammations. See
Ind. Pharm., pp.. 197, 461.
: . JUGLANDACEZ.
500. Carya atpa, Nutt. (Shell Bark, Shag Bark, or Scaly Bark
| Hickory.)
= a. Fruit. (Hickory Nuts.)
Note.—These nuts resemble a walnut internally, but are smooth
externally. Peccan nuts, which are similar, but more pointed at the ends,
are superior in flavour, and are produced by Carya oliveformis. See
Treas. Bot., p. 228.
501. Juanans crverwa, L. (Butter Nut, White Walnut, Oil-nut Tree.)
a. Inner bark.
b, Endocarp of fruit. (Butter Nuts.)
Note.—The inner bark is used as a gentle cathartic, which acts without
causing griping or subsequent weakness of the intestines. It is often
combined in the form of extract with anthelmintics, for children, and is
also used in chronic constipation. Juglans regia, L., the common wal-
nut, has been found useful in scrofula. See Amer. Dispens., p. 462. See
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 247.
CUPULIFER.
502. Quercus Alaitops, L.
a. Acorn cups. | ;
Note.—The cupules are used in commerce for tanning, under the name
_ of “ valonia.”
‘|
J ay «
ih
~
a)
f
aos? ;,
- .
505.
508.
504:
506.
507.
508.
White oak bark (Q. alba) is the kind chiefly used in medicine. Both are
124 7
Quercus pepuNcuLATA, Willd. ; Quercus Rosur, L. (The Com-
mon Oak.) :
a. Leaves and fruit. See Bentl. d& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 248.
b. Bark. For fig., see Goebel wnd Kunze, pt. i., taf. xxix., fig. 1-4.
Note.—Oak bark is somewhat similar in appearancé to large specimens
of the bark of Rhamnus Frangula; the latter, however, may be dis-
tinguished by its bright reddish colour when the surface i& scraped.
Quercus pedunculata may be easily distinguished from Q. sessiliflora by
the sessile leaves, those of Q. sessiliflora being stalked.
Quercus suBER, L. (Cork Oak.)
a. Bark. Two specimens.
Note.—Cork is the much developed epiphlwum of this tree. The
younger bark of the tree is known under the name of European alcornoque
bark, and is used in tanning. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 361.
For American alcornoque bark, see Byrsonima laurifolia.
Quercus TINcTORIA, Willd. (Quercitron, or Black Oak.)
a. Inner bark. (Black Oak Bark.)
Note.—The bark is known in commerce as quercitron bark, and is used
as a yellow dye. It is official in the U. 8. Pharmacopoeia, and is used
externally as an astringent. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 360.
official in the U. 8. Pharmacopeia. See Amer. Dispens., p. 692, also
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 251.
MYRICACE.
CoMPTONIA ASPLENIFOLIA, Gerin. (Sweet Fern.)
a. Herb.
Note.—This plant is used in America as an astringent and alterative
tonic. A pillow of the leaves is sometimes used for children suffering
from rickets. Amer. Dispens., p. 282. It is not official in the U. S. Phar-
macopeeia.
Myrica cerirera, DL. (Virginia Candleberry, Was Myrtle,
Wazberry, Bayberry.)
a. Root bark. (Bayberry Bark.)
b. Wax. (Bayberry Waw.)
+ c. Section of trunk.
Note.—The powder of the root bark forms a principal ingredient in the
favourite powder of the medical botanists or Eclectics of America, viz.,
composition powder. It is used as a stimulant and astringent for the
mucous membrane when in an atonic state. Its powder is excessively
irritating to the nostrils, exciting coughing and sneezing, but only for a
shorttime. The wax is used in making ointments. See Amer. Dispens.,
p. 535.
Myrica macrocarpa, H. et B.
a. Candles.
Note.—These candles were presented by Dr. dinates, They are made
in Colombia of wax obtained from the fruit. Other species yield wax,
as C. cordifolia, L., at the Cape of Good Hope, and C. Carolinensis in —
Carolina. See P. ma [1], vol. xiii., p. 418; [1], vol. x., p. 450.
=
511.
512.
). ALxus ian, De (Tag Alder, Smooth Alder, Common Alder.)
a. Bark.
_ Note.—The bark is used in America as an alterative emetic in scrofuld”
and cutaneous diseases, It is not official in the U. 8. Pharmacopcoia.
See Amer. Dispens., p. 82.
_ 510. Beronarenra, L. (Cherry Birch, Sweet Birch, Mahogany Birch.)
a. Bark.
Note.—The bark is peculiar for having exactly the same taste and con-
taining the same volatile oil as Gaultheria procumbens. In external
appearance it much resembles the bark of Prunus virginiana, but can at
once be distinguished by its taste. It is used in America as a tonic and
astringent after dysentery, and in the diarrhea of children, also for
gravel. Amer. Dispens., p. 160. Amer. Journ. Pharm., 1844, p. 243.
Beruta atsa, L. (Common Birch.)
a. Section of trunk.
b. Empyreumatic oil. Brought from Russia by Mr. Greenish.
Note.—Specimen b was prepared from the bark; it is used in the
manufacture of russia leather. Wine made from the sap in spring is
sometimes used in domestic medicine for gravel or stone. Bentley,
Man. Bot., p. 636.
LIQUIDAMBARACE 3.
LIQUIDAMBAR ORIENTALIS, Miller.
a. Bark. Presented by Mr.'S. H. Maltass, of Smyrna.
b. Ditto. Presented by Mr. Hanbury, Nov., 1874.
Note.—The bark used to be known in commerce as Cortex Thymiamatis,
incense bark, or storax bark. It has also been called Cortex Thuris,
Thus Judworum, and Narcaphthum. It is now rarely met with. See
Pharmacographia, p. 245. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 107.
In Pharmacographia this plant is referred to the Hamamelidem.
ce. Liquid storax.
d. Prepared storax. (Styrax Colatus.)
e. Globular earthenware, bottle containing balsam storax.
Note.—Rose malloes is the trade name for liquid storax in the East.
Pharmacographia, p. 242.
Specimen ¢e is a pellucid liquid, in appearance resembling Venice turpen-
tine. It is the Pellucid Liquid Storax of Pereira. Per. Mat. Med., vol.
ii., pt. i., p. 678 B.
f. Storax in mass. (Styrax Oalamita.)
g. Ditto. (Stora en pain, Guid.) a.
h. Ditto. (Drop or Gum Storaz.) 8B.
i. Ditto. (Hard blackish Storaz ; Styrax brun, Quib.) y.
Note.—Styrax calamita is made in Trieste, by mixing three parts of
storax bark in coarse powder with two of liquid storax. Specimen h
appears to contain rather more liquid storax than usual. Specimens g, h,
and i, are the three kinds described by Pereira in his Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i., p. 679, under a, 8,7. Specimen i is supposed by him to be a
kind of false storax. In odour it resembles benzoin much more than
storax. Styrax calamita is frequently covered with silky acicular crystals
of styracin.
~
#5
a ee j : : , SS 4 a.
512. LiQqUIDAMBAR ORIENTALIS, continued.
j. Storax in mass. (Drum Storaw.)
Note.—This specimen is alluded to by Pereira under the head of red-
dish brown storax. Prof. Guibourt considered it to be “ falsified brown
storax.’’ It is covered with minute white crystals which are flat, unlike
the acicular crystals of styracin, usually found on styrax calamita.
518. LiquIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA, J. »
a. Balsam. (Liquidambar, Sweet Gum, Oopalm Balsam.)
b. Cylindrical earthenware jar containing balsam of
liquidambar, from Guatemala. Presented by Mr. D.
Hanbury. .
Note.—Liquidambar is produced in the Southern States of America.
Its odour is more terebinthinous than that, of liquid storax, which it
otherwise much resembles. It has been used in the form of ointment
for healing indolent ulcers and for cutaneous diseases. See Amer.
Dispens., p. 489. Liquidambar.Altingia, Bl., yields a similar product in
Tenasserim. PP. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 248. A syrup of liquidambar is
used in America for the diarrhea of infants. It is made by the same
formula as that given in the U. 8. Pharmacopoeia for syrup of Prunus
Virginiana. See P. J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 336.
c. Liquidambar mou, ou blanc. Presented by Prof.
Guibourt.
Note.—This is the specimen ientoned by Pereira in his Mat. Med.,
vol, ii., pt. i., p. 336, as being distinct from commercial liquidambar. It
ickoriblen Chian turpentine in appearance, and styrax in odour. See
Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 306. :
+ c. Section of the trunk from Guatemala. Presented by
Mr. D. Hanbury. |
SALICACEA.
514. Popunus patsamirera, L. (Tacamahac Poplar.)
a. Leaf buds.
Note.—The leaf buds of this species, and of P. nigra, L., are used to
make an ointment, and to prevent rancidity in other ointments, in which
property they are said not to be equal to paraffin. See Lind. Fl. Med.,
p.320. Amer. Dispens, p. 664. For formule see Cooley’s Cyclopedia, p. 855.
515. Porpunus tTRemuLorpes, Mich. (American Aspen, American
Poplar.)
a. Bark. (White Poplar Bark.)
Note.—This bark is used as a bitter tonic and febrifuge in America.
Amer. Dispens., p. 666. It somewhat resembles slippery elm bark in
appearance, but the latter has an odour like fenugreek, and is not bitter
like poplar bark. See Amer. Dispens., p. 665.
516. Sauix Caprea, DL. (Great Sallow, Rownd-leaved Willow.)
a. Bark. (Willow Bark.)
Note.—Several other species yield willow bark. The bark of Salix
purpurea, L., is stated to be intensely bitter. S. Caprea is known by its
broad flat ovate leaves, with wavy margins: The bark has been used in
agues. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.i., p. 337. ‘
y (Seg aplasia gel
dysentery, and was also used in Malta to procure abortion. See Treas.
Bot., p. 872. re ee ee
3 | OYTINACEA. ; . 4
518. Centos eles L.
a. Extract. (Suceus Hypovistidis. )
& Note.—This occurs in lenticular cakes of about 2 oz. in weight. It was
formerly used as an astringent in diarrhea and hmmorrhage. The seeds
, of this plant are remarkable for having an amorphous embryo. See
Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 86. The plant is a curious parasite found in
the South of Europe upon the root of the cistus, or rock rose. See
Pomet, Dict. Drugs, p. 221; Salmon’s English Physician, 1693, p. 917.
519.
520.
521.
GYMNOSPERMIA.
CONIFER.
Axigs BALSAMEA, Marshall; Pixus pausamea, L. (Balsam Fir,
Balm of Gilead Fir.)
a. Oleoresin. (Canada Balsam.)
Note.—Canada balsam is also produced by Pinus Fraseri, Pursh. It is
much used for mounting objects for the microscope. For this purpose
old hard Canada balsam is preferred. It readily mixes with chloroform
and benzol in all proportions. See Pharmacographia, p. 552. It solidifies
with one sixth of its weight of calcined magnesia. For its optical pro-
perties, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 306.
b. Volatile oil. é
Note.—This is the volatile oil separated by distillation from Canada
balsam. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 263.
Apres Canapensis, Mich.; Pinus Canapensis, L. (Hemlock
Spruce.)
a. Oleoresin. (Canada Pitch, Hemlock Pitch.)
Note.—In its purified state it is official in the U. 8. Pharmacopceia.
The powdered inner bark is used by American herbalists as an astrin-
gent. An oil obtained from the oleoresin, and called oil of hemlock or
oil of spruce, has been used to procure: abortion. See Wood and Bache,
Dispens., p. 651. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 264.
Apres excensa, D.O.; Pius apres, L. (Norway Spruce.)
a. Fruiting branchlet.
b. Concrete oleoresin. (Burgundy Pitch.)
Note.—Specimen }b is an authentic specimen, which, as well as the
fruit, was gathered in Switzerland, at Simmenthal, Canton de Bern, by
Mr. D. Hanbury in the autumn of 1849. It is described by Pereira in
his Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 306.
c. Concrete oleoresin. Two specimens, from Messrs. Allen
& Co.
d. Ditto. Four specimens.
e. Strained Burgundy pitch, from Hamburg.
f. Plaister made from a specimen imported from St.
Petersburg in 1849. Presented by Mr. J. Barclay.
g. Artificial Burgundy pitch.
Note.—Most of the Burgundy pitch found in commerce is a fictitious
article, made by melting resin with linseed oil, and colouring with
arnatto or palm oil. The genuine article is much more ifritating than
the fictitious one. See Cooley’s Cyclopedia, p. 941; Pharmacographia,
_ pp. 557-560. Any fat oil may be detected by treating the Burgundy
pitch with twice its weight of glacial acetic acid, when it forms a turbid
mixture. For fig. of plant, see Bentl. & Trim., Med, Plants, t tab. 262.
et
i
-
523.
a
;
/
525.
524.
Apres proriata, D.O.; Poxvs Proea, L. (Silver Fir.)
a. Oleoresin. (Strassburg Turpentine.)
b. Volatile oil. (Olewm Abietis.)
Note.—This oleoresin, like that of Abies balsamea, is contained in little
swellings of the bark of young stems, there being no resin ducts in the
wood. See Pharmacographia, pp. 545, 555, 556. It differs from Canada
balsam in having no distinct fluorescence, a more pleasant taste, and no
bitterness. The genus Abies is distinguished from Pinus by the cones
having thin scales. The volatile oil was official in the form of inhalation
in the Throat Hospital Pharmacopwia of 1872, p. 74, but has since been
replaced by thervolatile oil of Pinus Pumilio. See Bentley and Trimen,
Med, Plants, tab. 261.
Caturreis quaprivatvis, Vent.; Taosa articutata, Desf. (Arar
Tree.)
a. Resin. (Gum Juniper, Gum Sandarach.)
Note.—This resin somewhat resembles mastic in appearance, but the
tears are longer and more cylindrical, and the odour is different. It is
used in making French polish. See Cooley’s Cyclopedia, p. 541. In the
state of powder it is used as pounce. Treas. Bot., p. 198. See Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 327. Galls are also found on this tree. See
Collection of Animal Mat. Med. ;
DamMARA AUSTRALIS, Don. (Kauri Pine.)
a. Resin. (Australian Oopal, Australian Dammar, Coire
Gum, Kawrie Gum.)
b. Ditto. Remarkably fine specimen.
Note.—Kauri or cowdie gum is a fossil resin, used as a substitute for
copal in making varnishes. It is readily soluble in eucalyptus oils. It
is largely imported into this country from New Zealand, where it is dug
up by the Maories. P. J. [3], vol. v., p. 259. In the year 1866, no less
than 41,428 ewts. were imported, a large proportion of which was pro-
bably again exported to America. See McCulloch’s Commercial Dictionary, ©
p- 655. It has fetched as much as £120 a ton in London. The fine
specimen b was presented in 1875 by Messrs. Fitch & French, of Mel-
bourne, a descriptive note from whom is enclosed with specimen a.
Common dammar resin is produced in India by Dammara orientalis,
Lamb. Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 268.
JUNIPERUS communis, LD.
a. Tops.
b. Ditto, with very fine fruit.
ce. Galbuli. (Juniper Berries.)
d, Volatile oil. (Oil of Juniper.)
e. Ditto. Obtained from the wood.
Note.—The fruit is a fleshy galbulus. When first formed, it consists
of three fleshy bracts quite separate from each other, with an ovule at
the base of each. These bracts afterwards grow together to form the
so-called juniper berry. For fig., see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
p. 255. The small catkins of male flowers occur on separate plants,
Pharmacographia, p. 565. The oil is often adulterated with turpentine,
and is then less viscid, and not entirely soluble in alcohol. The pure
oil is soluble in that fluid. Hist, des Drog., vol. ii., p. 240.
be K
Aad
526.
527.
528.
529.
530.
531.
582.
: 130.
Juniperus Sapna, L. (Savin.)
a. Tops.
b. Volatile oil. (Oil of Savin.)
Note.—Savin differs from juniper in having leaves only half as long
and more spreading than in that plant, and in its different odour. It
may be distinguished by its tufted branchlets from the common species
of Thuja, which have fan-like, flattened branches. See Pharmacographia,
p. 567. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 254.
Juniperus Viroriniana, DL. (Red Cedar, or American Savine.)
a. Wood. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Note.—This plant closely resembles savine in appearance and odonr,
but yields less volatile oil. It appears to differ from savine only in its
larger size and more diffuse habit. Pharmacographia, p. 568. The wood
is the kind of cedar commonly used for lead pencils. It has the advan-
tage over common cedar of not being attacked by insects. '
JUNIPERUS OxycEDRUs, D. ;
a. Empyreumatic oil. (Huile de Cade, Juniper Tar Oil.)
b. Ditto, from Germany. Dr. M. Weidenbach, 965,
Cologne Street, Aix-la-Chapelle.
Note.—This oil was formerly made from J. Oxycedrus, L.; but its
present source is not known. Pharmacographia, p. 563. It is used in
skin diseases, either alone or combined with soap.
Pinus Pines, Lamb. (Stone Pine.)
a. Cones. (Pignoli Pines.) -
Note.—The seeds are eaten under the name of pignons doux in France
and pinocchi in Italy. Pignons d’Inde are the seeds of Curcas purgans.
For fig. see Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 245.
Pinus Prnaster, Sol. (Cluster Pine, Pinaster.)
a. Cones. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 256.
b. Oleoresin. (Bordeaux Turpentine.)
c. Galipot du pin maritime.
d. Galipot fondu. (False Colophony.)
Note.—The specimens }, c, d, were presented to Dr. Pereira by Prof.
Guibourt. Galipot (formerly garipot), or barras, is the resin which exudes
from old incisions in the tree, and hardens on the trunk. It is chiefly
collected in winter. Galipot fondu is the same melted to free it from
impurities. See Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 263.
‘
Pinus Poumiio, Haenke. (Mugho, or Mountain Pine.)
a. Volatile oil. (Olewm templinum.)
Note.—The volatile oil is official in the Throat Hospital Phesmenoopeae
p. 89. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 300.
Pinus sytvestris, LZ. (Scotch Fir.)
a. Archangel pitch.
b. British pitch. '
¢, Volatile oil. (Olewm Pini Sylvestris, Fir Wool Oil.)
— 5 a >
Faw a -_
: ee
—_— -
8
av
“181 to
E Pace SYLVESTRIS, continued. —
_ Note.—Archangel pitch is also produced by Larix Sibirica, Ledeb. Pitch
has been used, made into pills with flour, in skin diseases and languid
circulation. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.i., p. 324. Pitch is the
residue in the still after the distillation of wood tar.
The volatile oil is official in the Throat Hospital Pharmacopwia,
p. 90. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 257.
583. Pinus Tapa, L.; Prnvus patusreis, Mill; Provvs AUSTRALIS, Mich.
a. Oleoresin. (Orude Turpentine.)
~b. Concrete ditto. Two specimens. (Resina Abietis,
American Frankincense, Gum Thus.) Presented by
Mr. Ree.
ce. Volatile oil. (Oil of Turpentine, Spirit of Turpentine.)
d. Ditto, rectified from water, and having left-handed
polarization.
e. Ditto, with both right-handed and left-handed polar-
ization.
f. Resin. (White Rosin.)
g. Ditto, ditto. (Poizx-résine.) From Prof. Guibourt.
h. Ditto. (Yellow or Amber Rosin.)
i. Ditto. (Black Rosin, or Oolophony.)
Note.—White rosin is the residue from the distillation of oil of turpen-
tine, and owes its opacity to water contained in it. When this is driven
off entirely, the resin becomes transparent, and forms the amber or yel-
low rosin of commerce. When heated more strongly, it forms black
rosin, or colophony. For fig. of P. palustris, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab. 258, and for P. Teda, tab. 259.
TAXACEZ.
534. Dacrypium cupressinum, Lamb. (Dimon Pine.)
a. Bark, leaves, and extract.
Note.—The extract has an astringent taste.
CYCADACE.
535. Cycas revotuta, Thunb.
a. Section of stem.
b. Fruit.
c. Seeds. From Foo-chow, China. Presented by Mr. D.
Hanbury.
Note.—Japan sago is said to be made of the starch of this plant; but
it is not imported into England. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p. 298.
Pal,
a)
ENDOGENZA.
DIcTyYoGENz.
DIOSCORACEA. ,
586. Dioscorea vittosa, L. (Colic Root, Wild Yam.) ;
a. Root. ;
Note.—This root is said to be a specific for bilious colic. It is also
used as an antispasmodic in irritable states of the muscular tissue be-
neath mucous membrane. See King’s Dispens., p. 335. It is not
official in the U. 8. Pharmacopeia.
537. Dr1oscorga TRIPHYLLA, L. *(Buck Yam.)
a. Starch.
Note.—The root yields about 16 per cent. of starch. The word “ buck”’
has no reference to the animal of that name; it refers to its use by
the native Indians, who are called Bucks by the settlers.
5388. Drioscorna sativa, L. (Common Yam.)
a. Root, preserved wet.
Note.—The root yields about 24 per cent. of ae: Yams are roasted
or boiled and used like potatoes, in the West and East Indies. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 269.
539. Tamus communis, L. (Black Bryony.)
a. Root, preserved wet.
Note.—This plant must not be confounded with white bryony, which
belongs to the Cucurbitacem. White bryony has rough palmate leaves,
and’ greenish white flowers. _Black bryony has glossy, smooth, heart-
shaped leaves, and minute green flowers. The fresh root, which is very
large, is used for black eyes and bruises. It is used in the form of pulp,
made by scraping the root. Itis apt to cause irritation if allowed to
get into the eyes. See Treas. Bot.,p. 1122.
SMILACEA.
540, RiroGoNuM PARVIFLORUM, R. Br.
a. Root. |
Note.—The root of this plant is used in New Zealand as a substitute .
for sarsaparilla. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 648. -—
541. Smiax aspera, L. (Italian Sarsaparilla.) |
a. Root, collected at Nismes, in 1849.
b. Ditto, incised. , ‘
c. Flowers and fruit, preserved wet.
Note.—Specimens a sod c were HR by Mr. D. Haury.
545.
‘
544.
542. Surnax BRASILENsis, Griseb.
a. Rhizome. (Brazilian China Root, Juapecanga, Japi-
canga, Inhapecanga, Raiz de China branca.)
Note.—Brazilian China root is probably obtained from several species
of Smilax. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 296; P. J. [8], vol. v.,
p. 985. For fig. of the root, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xviii., fig. 2.
This specimen came from Rio Janeiro, and was presented by Mr. Simkin.
548. Samax Cura, LD.
a. Rhizome. (China Root.)
Note.—This rhizome is used in the East for syphilis. Itis said to pos-
- sess alterative and sudorific properties. See Pharmacographia, p. 648.
China root has been confounded with the curious fungus Pachyma Cocos,
which latter may be distinguished by containing no starch. See P. J.
(3), vol. iii., p. 762; Porter Smith, Mat. Med. China, p. 198, art. Smilax.
For fig. see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xviii., fig. 1.
Smiiax psEupo-Cuarna, LD.
a. Rhizome. (American China Root.)
Note.—This specimen was presented by Mr. Roberts.
SMILAX SPECIES.
a. Caraccas sarsaparilla, or gouty Vera Cruz sarsaparilla.
Note.—This kind is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 277,
fig. 137. According to Prof. Bentley, it is distinguished by the pith
being from 2 to 4 times the breadth of the woody layer, with the cells
of the nucleus sheath elongated radially, their walls being thicker on
the inner than on the outer side. Itis of a pale brown colour, thick
and swollen, and has the chump or rootstock attached. It is a starchy
sarsaparilla. It is not now found in commerce. For mier. sect., see
Berg, Anat. Atlas., taf. 10, fig. 12. ;
b. Brazilian, Lisbon, or Para sarsaparilla.
Note.—This specimen is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.i.,
p. 278. The roots are deprived of the chump, and are slender, wiry, not
deeply furrowed, with a thin brown cortical portion, and are starchy. It
is probably the root of 8S. papyracea, Poir. Pharmacographia, p. 641.
For fig. see P. J. [1], vol. xii., pp. 470, 472. It is not now met with in
commerce. For micr. section, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. iv. fig. 13.
c. Lisbon sarsaparilla.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Messrs. Herring & Co. It is
paler than specimen b, scarcely furrowed, and has a white mealy cortical
portion. It has a distinct acrid taste, with a slight bitterness, and ap-
pears to belong to the same species as the’ Honduras rather than to the
Brazilian.
d. Honduras sarsaparilla. One large bundle.
e. Ditto. Five smaller bundles.
f. Ditto. Two short bundles.
Note.—Specimen d and one of specimen ¢e are aie in Per. Mat. Med.
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 279, figs. 139,140. Itis distinguished from the Jamaica
variety by its pale mealy cortical portion, which has a somewhat acrid
taste. The cells of the nucleus sheath are square or elongated tan-
gentially, and are equally thick on all four sides. See 1. c., fig. 134. It
is a starchy sarsaparilla. See also Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. iv., fig. 11.
-_ +T
.
545.
SMILAX SPECIES, continued.
g. Guatemala sarsaparilla.
Note.—This sarsaparilla is described and figured by Prof. Bentlegae
P. J. (1), vol. xii., p.479. In appearance it approaches the Caraccas
more nearly than any other, but differs in its brighter orange brown
colour, and in being deprived of the chump. ‘It is referred by him
to 8. papyracea, Poir., but with this opinion Hanbury does not agree.
Pharmacographia, p. 645. It is a starchy sarsaparilla.
Although all the above starchy sarsaparillas have a thick white cortical
portion throughout a considerable portion of their roots, yet they have
often only a thin brown cortical portion near the chump, and vary ex-
ceedingly in different parts. They are therefore usually distinguished in
commerce by the way in which they are packed, and by the fracture
being powdery or not when the root is broken.
h. Jamaica sarsaparilla. Two large bundles.
i. Ditto. Two small bundles.
j. Ditto. One plaited bundle.
Note.—This sarsaparilla is usually distinguished by its reddish brown
colour, dark brown cortical portion, and by having an abundance of
beard or rootlets. Specimens h and j are figured and described in Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 281. It yields one third of its weight of
extract. For micr. sect., see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. iv., fig. 17.
k. Lima sarsaparilla. Two large bundles.
l. Two small bundles.
m. Two specimens of the chump. °
Note.—This sarsaparilla' closely resembles Jamaica in external ap-
pearance, but has not the reddish brown tint of the Jamaica variety.
The rhizome, or chump, is usually contained in the interior of the bun-
dle. It yields less extract than the Jamaica kind, but is probably
produced by the same species of Smilax. There can be but little
doubt that Jamaica sarsaparilla is the produce of Smilax officinalis,
H.B.K. For fig., see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 289.
mn. Lean Vera Cruz or Mexican sarsaparilla.
Note.—This specimen is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 284,
fig, 146. The roots are slender, not folded, shrivelled, almost without
rootlets, and the chump remains attached, It usually contains no starch.
It is produced by Smilax medica, Schl. et Cham. Pharmacographia,
pp. 640, 646. For micr. sect., see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. iv., fig. 16, and
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 290.
o. Guayaquil sarsaparilla. From Hill & Son, April, 1851.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury, in Nov., 1874.
It consists of rather large roots with the chump attached, and often por-
tions of the stem, which are round, not square as in 8. officinalis, nor
multi-angular as in 8S. papyracea. When cut transversely, it shows the
central ring of an orange tint. It is furnished with rootlets, The
thicker portions alone are mealy. See Pharmacographia, p. 646.
p. Spurious sarsaparilla, from Jamaica.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Mr. Geo. Roberts, in March,
1853. It has no distinct pith, and does not resemble sarsaparilla in
external appearance. See P. J. [1], vol. xii., p, 469.
TRILLIACEZ.
TRILLIUM PENDULUM, Willd.
a. Root. (Beth Root, Wake Robin, Birth Root, Indian
Balm, Lamb’s Quarter, Ground Lily.)
Note.—This root is used in the United States as a remedy for menor-
rhagia, and externally for obstinate ulcers. See Wood and Bache, Dis-
pens., p. 1616. It appears to contain a principle like saponin. See
Am. Journ. Pharm., 1856, p. 512. It is not official in the U.S. Phar-
macopeia. In England the name of Wake Robin is applied to Arum
maculatum, L.
ORCHIDACEA.
. Cypripepium pusescens, Willd. (Oypripedium, Mocassin Plant,
_ Ladies’ Slipper.)
a. Root. (American Valerian.)
Note.—Cypripedium root is the produce of C. parviflorum as well as of
the above species. The root is used as a nervous stimulant, and is con-
sidered equal to valerian. Cypripedin is prepared by precipitating a strong
tincture of the root with water. The fresh plant sometimes causes the
same symptoms of irritant poisoning as Rhus toxicodendron. See Am.
Journ. Pharm., 1875, p. 82.
. Evunornia campestris, Lindl.
a. Roots. (Sdlib misri.) Presented by Mr. Strickland.
Note.—The tubercular roots of several species of Eulophia furnish
salep.
b. Ditto.. Salep from Cashmere.
c. Ditto. Salep from the Neilgherries.
d. Ditto. (Royal Salep, Badshah Saleb.)
Note.—Royal salep is supposed to be the bulb of a liliaceous plant.
The specimen d was brought from Bombay, and given to Mr. D. Hanbury
by Dr. J. E. Stocks. It was presented to the Museum by Mr. D. Han-
bury. For fig., see P. J. [1], vol. xvii. ,» pp. 500, 501; Pharmacographia,
p. 593.
Orcs mascuna, L. (Barly Purple Orchis.)
a. Roots. Twospecimens. (Indigenous Salep.)
b. Ditto. Powdered.
Note.—Salep is esteemed.in the East as an aphrodisiac, but in this
country it is simply used as a demulcent and emollient drink. It is best
prepared by mixing 1drachm of powdered salep with 14 drachms of
spirits of wine, then adding 4 pint of water suddenly, and boiling the
mixture. See Pharmacographia, p. 594. For method bes carne the
root, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 264.
. VANILLA PLANIFOLIA, Andr.
a. Fruit. (Vanilla Pods.)
Note.—Mexican vanilla is most esteemed. The odorous prindile,
vanillin, can be made artificially. It is the methylic aldehyde of pyro-
catechuic acid, See Pharmacographia, p. 597. On the Continent, vanilla
bas
-
. ~
P
550.
551,
552.
558.
554.
555.
VANILLA PLANIFOLIA, continued.
has been used in hysteria, etc.; but its chief use in this country i is to
flavour chocolate and. confectionery. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p- 268. For culture, see P. J. [1], vol. vii., p. 73; [1], vol. ix., p. 275;
[3], vol. iv., p. 517. For Vanillin, see P. J. [2], vol. i, p. 31; (3),
vol. iii., p. 407; [8], vol. iv., p. 996. For estimation of Vanillin, see
P. J. (3), vol. vi., p. 603. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen,
Med. Plants, tab, 272.
Vanitta Guranensis, Splitb.
a. Fruit. From Demerara, preserved wet.
_ 6.-Fruit. Dried.
Note.—This specimen came from Demerara. The odour is slightly
different from that of the Mexican vanilla.
-ZINGIBERACEZ.
Auprnta Gatanaa, Willd.
a. Rhizome. (Java, or Greater Galangal Root, Galanga de
U Inde.) :
b. Fruit. (Galanga Cardamom.)
Note.—The rhizome has a much feebler odour than the Chinese kind.
It is not a regular article of commerce. For fig., see Hist. des Drog.,
vol. ii., p. 204. The fruit is figured in P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 241. See
also Chinese Collection of Drugs.
ALPINIA NUTANS, Roscoe.
a. Rhizome, from Mr. J. S. Stutchbury, Peuerom
b. Fruit.
Note.—This plant was supposed by Guibourt to produce light galangal
root. It has been proved however by Mr. D. Hanbury that such is not
the case. Specimens a and b were presented by Mr. D. Hanbury. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 257.
ALPINIA OFFICINARUM, Hance.
a. Rhizome: (Chinese Galangal Root, Lesser Galangal
Root.) See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 271.
‘Note.—This variety has an odour resembling the taste of grains of
paradise. It is the radix galangw of the European shops. See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 257; and for fig., Hist. des Drog., vol. ii.,
p- 202. The plant producing galangal root, was unknown until 1870.
See Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., vol. xiii., 1878, p. 1; P.J. [3], vol. ii., p. 248.
Amomum an@ustiroLium, Sonn.; A. NeMoROsUM, Boj.; A.
Danii, Hook. f. .
a. Leaves and root preserved wet.
b. Flowers.
c. Fruit.
'
Note.—The above specimens were ‘sent from the Mauritius in May,
1854, by Mr. Emile Fleurot, under the name of Longauze or Zedoaire
du Pays, and were attributed by ak: to Amomum nemorosum, Boj. P.
J. [1], vol. xiii., p. 639. , ~
d. Fruit.
EEE ES
555. Amomum ANGUSTIFOLIUM, continued.
556.
557.
558.
559.
Note.—This specimen was brought from Sierra Leone by Dr. W. F.
Daniell, under the name of Barsalo, or Bastard Melligetta, and was attri-
buted by him to Amomum Daniellii, Hook. f. P. J. [1], vol. xii., p. 72.
Hanbury has since shown that Daniell’s and Fleurot’s plants are identi-
cal, and that Sonnerat’s name of A. angustifolium was the one first
given to the plant. P. J. (8), vol. ii., p. 642.
The plant differs from A. Melagueta in having yellow flowers.
The seeds resemble those of A. Clusii in being polished, but are rather
smaller, of a chestnut brown colour, have a blackish ring near the hilum,
and under a lens are seen to be speckled with black dots, which seem to
be underneath the polished surface. Their taste is slightly sweet and
acid, but scarcely aromatic. This drug is the “ grande cardamome de
Madagascar” of Guibourt, Hist. des Drogues, vol. ii., p. 216 (1849), but
not the ‘‘ Cardamomum majus” of ancient writers, which is the Kora-
rima cardamom of Pereira. See below. See also note under Cardamo-
mum majus in the Collection of Old English Drugs and the Hanbury
Collection.
Amomum Carpamomoum, L.
a. Fruits. (Round, or Cluster Cardamom.)
Note.—The fruit is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., p. 248, and Hist:
des Drog., vol. ii., p. 215. It is used in the East like Malabar carda-
moms. Pharmacographia, p. 587. The seeds taste exactly like those of
the official cardamoms. See Collection of Old English Drugs.
AmomuM CEREUM, Hook. f.; A. PALUSTRE, Afz.
a. Fruit. Presented by Dr. W. F. Daniell.
Note.—The fruit is figured in P. J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 515. The pow-
dered seed is made into an ointment, and used as a perfume by the
Timneh women in Sierra Leone, W. Africa. See P.J. [1], vol. xvi.,
p. 516.
AmomuUM cirratuM, Pereira.
a. Fruit.
Note.—The fruit is of a deep or purplish brown colour. The seeds
have a strong taste of oil of verbena, much more powerful than in
_ A. medium. From that drug the seeds are distinguished by being brown
and silky, those of A. medium being dull and of a paler brown colour.
Grana paradisi, No. 12057, in the Sloanian Collection of the British
Museum, belongs to this species. For fig. of this specimen see Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 251, fig. 109. P. J. [1], vol. ix., p. 313.
Amomum Ctuusu, Smith.
a. Fruit. (Long-seeded Cardamom.)
Note.—This includes a fruit of the specimen presented to Dr. Pereira
by Dr. T. W. C. Martius. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i, p. 251;
and Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 223, fig. 398. The seeds of both are glossy
and smooth, greenish brown, about the size of a linseed, but blunter and
thicker, and have scarcely any taste, and under a lens are seen to be
speckled with elongated whitish dots sSeineaga the polished surface, —
660, Amomum eLososum, Lour.
a. Fruit. (Large Round China Cardamom. )
2. Seeds.
<
—
560. AmomuM GLoBosuM, continued. ° -s
ce. Fruit. (Small Round China Cardamom.) .
Note.—These fruits have been figured by Hanbury in P. J. [1), vol.
xiv., p. 353, figs. land 2. The seeds of the large kind are greyish brown,
not polished, and have a deep fuxrow on one side. The taste recalls the
odour of bruised camomile leaves. They are used in China as a sto- :
machic. See Chinese Collection of Drugs. .
The small round China cardamom differs in having a reticulated cap-
sule, and in the seeds having a Y-shaped furrow.
561. Auomum Korarma, Pereira. .
a. Fruit. (Korarima Cardamom, Gurdgie Spice, Heil,
Habhal-habashi.)
Note.—This fruit is mentioned in very old pharmacopeias as Carda-
momum majus, by which name grains of paradise are now usually
intended. Pharmacographia, p. 589; Pomet Dict. Drugs, p. 21. The
seeds are brown, and taste somewhat like Malabar cardamoms. They are |
larger than grains of paradise. See for fig., Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.
i, p. 250, fig. 106; P. J. [1], vol. vi., p. 511. It is used in Abyssinia ‘2
as a carminative, and by the Arabs as a spice for their coffee. P. J. (1) a |
; vol. xii., p. 587.
562. AmomuM LaTIFoLIuM, d/fz. Cone an: Obro-lelah, Mabubu, :
. Egbubu, Goguoi.) |
a. Fruit, from Sierra Leone. |
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. Daniell. See P. J. {1},
vol. xvi., p.470. The seeds are oblong and polished, blackish brown,
about the size of a grape stone, and are almost tasteless. The root and
plant are used by the natives to remove the debility following fevers. |
They are boiled with the leaves of Morinda citrifolia, L., and the decoc- |
tion used to wash the body every morning.
563. Amomum LonaiscaPuM, Hook. f. (Obro Beghar.) |
a. Fruit,from Sierra Leone. Presented by Dr. W. F. Daniell. |
Note.—The fruit of this species is figured in P. J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 469. ‘-
The seeds are angular and have scarcely any aroma. They are not used in
medicine by the natives. ,
564. AMoMUM MACROSPERMUM, Smith.
a. Fruit. (Large-seeded Guinea Cardamom.)
Note.—This fruit is the mabooboo of the natives of Sierra Leone. The
seeds are about the size of grains of paradise ; angular and polished, of a ~
leaden grey colour, with a pale circular mark surrounding the hilum.
The taste is slightly aromatic, and resembles that of cajuput oil. For
fig. of the fruit see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 2538.
b. Fruit.
Note.—This specimen is the one alluded to by Dr. Pereria as having
been given to him by Dr. Daniell. The following memorandum is
attached to it:— The fruit is called palancupon in the Mandingo lan-
guage. The pulp, which is acidulous, is sucked by the natives. The
flowers are stalked (in this respect differing from those of A. Melagueta),
white, with a purplish tint. The plant grows at Coto, Cape St. Mary,
Gambia. Given by Dr. Daniell, August 19th, bige ” See Per. Mat. Med.,
vol, ii., pt. i., p. 258. ;
~ ) - ates ~~ | ¥
‘.
or
a. Fruit. (Java Cardamoms, Great Winged Cardamoms.)
Note.—The fruits are about the size of a cob-nut; the seeds are angu-
~ Jar, and have a taste like cardamoms, but less powerful. The fruits when
soaked in water are seen to have 9-13 ragged wings about one eighth
inch deep. Nepal and Bengal cardamoms have been confounded with
this kind by Pereira. Nepal cardamoms have a long tubular calyx as
long or longer than the fruit, and are often stalked. Bengal cardamoms
differ in being of a deep brown colour. Java cardamoms have a dull
grey colour. See Pharmacographia, p. 588. Bengal cardamoms are
known to the native drug dealers as Morung Elachi, and in the bazaars
as Buro Elachi. For fig. of fruit see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 249,
fig. 105.
566. Auomum Metacueta, Roscoe.
a. Fruit, preserved wet.
b. Seeds. (Grains of Paradise, Guinea Grains.)
c. Roots, preserved wet.
Note.—The fruit, when fresh, is of a red colour. The seeds are used by
the natives of West Africa as a condiment. In this country they are
used in cattle medicines, and also, it is stated, for giving pungency to
cordials. Pharmacographia, p. 592. The seeds may be distinguished
from those of colchicum by their larger size and the conical, paler, mem-
branous caruncle at the base of the seed. See Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 268. See also the Hanbury Collection.
567. Amomum mMepiuM, Lour.; ALPINIA ALBA, Roscoe.
a. Fruit. (Tsao-quo, Qud-leu, Ovoid China Cardamom.)
Note.—The fruit is about the size of a small nutmeg, and of a dirty
grey colour, and the seeds are larger than in any other kind, angular and
somewhat pear-shaped. ‘They have an aromatic taste like that of oil of
lemon-grass or verbena, but much less powerful than that of A. citratum.
A specimen of the ovoid China cardamom in the Museum of Natural
History at Paris is labelled qua-leu. The seeds are used in China as a
condiment. For fig. see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 257, fig. 126;
P.J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 420, fig. 9.
568. Amomum species. (Black Cardamom.)
a. Fruit. (Bitter-seeded Cardamom, Yih-che-tsze.)
Note.—The seeds are pitted, and have a bitter, myrrh-like taste; they
are of a deep brown colour. This specimen was presented by Mr. D.
Hanbury. For fig. of the fruit and seeds see P. J. [1], vol. xiv., p. 419,
. fig. 8. :
569, AmMomum VILLOSUM, Lour.
a. Fruit. (Hairy Ohinese Cardamom, Yang-chun-sha.)
Note.—The fruit is covered with numerous small asperities, which are
short, dried, fleshy spines. The seeds have a peculiar taste, which resem-
bles the odour of burnt cork (Hanbury describes it as tar-like), together
- with the warmth of Malabar cardamoms. The fruit is referred “by
- Guibourt to the above species; but Hanbury considers this identification
doubtful. The specimen was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury. For fig.
see P. J. {1}, vol. xiv.,.p. 355, fig. 45.
=
ov
~ af EO a tae)
570.
571.
572.
573.
574.
AMOMUM XANTHIOIDES, Wall.
a. Fruit, preserved wet. (Xanthioid Cardamoms.)-
b. Pericarps, deprived of seeds. (Sha-jin-ko.)
c. Seeds. (Bastard Cardamoms, Cardamom Seeds.)
Note.—The seeds of this species are minutely pitted. The taste is
powerfully camphoraceous. The fruit is covered with longer spines than
in A. villosum. This drug is the produce of Laos and Cambodia. The
specimen was presented by Mr. D, Hanbury. For fig. see P. J. [1], vol.
xiv., pp. 417, 418, fig. 67. Pharmacographia, p. 587.
EverrartA Carpamomum, Mat.
a. Fruit. (Malabar Cardamoms.) B.é Tr., Med. Pl., tab. 267.
b. Seeds. (Ditto.)
ce. Fruit. (Ditto), shorts.
d. Seeds. (Ditto), short-shorts.
e. Fruit. (Ditto), short-longs.
f. Fruit. (Ditto), long-longs.
g. Ditto. (Ditto), ditto. Presented by Prof.
h. Seeds. (Ditto), ditto. [ Guibourt.
Note.—The Malabar cardamoms are the most esteemed. Those which
are obtuse at the ends are known as “shorts,’’ and those which are
tapering as ‘“short-longs.” Madras cardamoms are paler, and are
usually ‘‘ short-longs” only. Aleppy cardamoms are “shorts,’’ and have
a peculiar greenish tint. Good samples yield three-quarters of their
weight of seeds. ‘‘Long-longs” are rarely imported.
ELErTraria MAJOR, Smith.
a. Fruit. (Ceylon Cardamoms, Ensal.)
b. Seeds.
Note.—This plant is only known to occur in Ceylon. It is now con-
sidered to be only a variety ef E.cardamomum. The seeds and fruit
have however a very distinct odour and taste, resembling mace or elemi.
They are said by Pereira to be chiefly used on the Continent. The fruits
are long, narrow, and of a dirty white colour. Pharmacographia, pp.
583-5. For fig. see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 263, fig. 131.
CURCUMA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Roxb.
a. Starch. (Curcuma Starch, East Indian Arrowroot, Tikor
or Tikhar.)
Note.—According to Hanbury this starch is not known as.a special
kind in the English market, the East Indian arrowroot of the London
drug sales being the starch of a maranta. Pharmacographia, pp. 574-5.
Curcuma starch is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., frontispiece,
fig. 12. It is distinguished from all other starches (except plantain
starch, fig. 2, l. c., which is rarely quite white) by its flatness, and by
haying the hilum at thesmallend. See Per. Mat. Med.,vol.ii., pt.i., p. 242.
Curcuma tone, DL,
a. Rhizome, preserved wet.
b, Chinese turmeric, fine.
c. Madras’ ditto, fine.
d. Bengal ditto, fine.
a
in
1. Godivus Lonaa, continued. |
e. Bengal turmeric, inferior, from Galetti:
f. Malabar or Bombay turmeric.
g. Java turmeric, from Amsterdam.
Note.—The Chinese is most esteemed, but is seldom met with in the
European markets. Madras turmeric frequently consists entirely of
round rhizomes. It isa large kind. Bengal turmeric is of a deeper tint,
and is preferred for dyeing. Java turmeric is usually dusted with its
own powder, and is not of a very brilliant colour when broken. Pharma-
cographia, p. 579. The round rhizomes are the central portion or first
year’s growth, the long rhizomes are the lateral rhizomes developed
afterwards from the central one. For fig. of the different kinds see Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., pp. 238-9. For Curcumin, see Pharmacographia,
p. 579. For fig of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 269.
CURCUMA SPECIES. nore
a. Rhizome. (Yellow Ginger from Pernambuco.)
Note.—This specimen was brought from Pernambuco by a brother of
the Rey. E. Bower. It has a yellow colour internally, and an aromatic
flavour, something like that of the yellow zedoary. It is labelled
Amomum sylvestre (?), but is placed here on account of its similarity to
the tubers of the Curcuma genus.
. Curcuma Zepoarta, Roxb. (Castoorie munjil, Hindoo.)
a. Rhizome. (Zedoary Root.)
b. Ditto. (Cassumwnar Root.)
Note.—These specimens, which have a yellow colour internally, and an |
aromatic bitter taste with a turmeric flavour, correspond to Pereira’s
description in his Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.i., pp. 242, 236, but not to Pomet
and Lemery’s description. The above specimens are not true zedoary
root, which is of pinkish white colour, as described by Pomet in the Hist.
of Drugs, p. 33, and has a bitter taste and a flavour like rosemary or
cardamoms. For specimen of genuine zedoary and zerumbet roots see
Collections of Old English Drugs. Both the above specimens (a and b)
appear to be identical in structure and taste, and are evidently identical
with the turmeric-coloured zedoary of Ainslie, which is produced by
Cureuma Zedoaria of Roxburgh, true zedoary being the produce of
Curcuma Zerumbet of Roxburgh. See Ainslie, Mat. Med., vol. i., pp.
492,493. The cassumunar roots are probably the long lateral shoots of
the Curcuma Zedoaria, Rorb. See P. J. [2], vol.i., p. 17.
Curcuma Zerumset, Rozb.
-a. Rhizome. (Zedoary Root, Zerwmbet Root.)
Note.—This specimen was presented by Messrs. Cyriax and Farries.
It answers well to the description given by Ainslie in his Mat. Med.,
vol. i, p. 492, and also to Pomet’s description. The taste is bitter
and aromatic, like that of cardamoms; and the cut surface is white
_ with a pinkish tint. The best is said to come from Ceylon. Its Tellingoo
name is keechlie gudda, and its Tamool name puldng-kilunggu. See Ainslie,
Mat. Med., vol. i., pp. 492, 493; also Collections of Old English Drugs.
Zerumbet root, according to Pomet, is the produce of the same plant
as true zedoary, zerumbet being the ovate and zedoary the long portion
of the rhizome. Zedoary formerly came from the East Indies and Isle
of St. Lawrence. For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxiv.,figs. 8, 4.
_ ‘ a
578, ZINIGIBER OFFICINALE, Roscoe.
. Rhizome, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. Booth.
. Ditto and leaves. Ditto.
. Rhizome. (Jamaica Ginger.)
. Ditto. (Barbados Ginger.)
Ditto. (Cochin, or Malabar Ginger, fine.)
Ditto. (Ditto coated.)
. Ditto. (Bengal Ginger.)
. Ditto. (Ditto, coated.)
Ditto. (African Ginger.)
. Starch from ginger.
Note.—The dried rhizomes are called by the dealers “races, a:
“hands,” The younger portions are amylaceous, and the older hard and
579.
580.
resinous. The Jamaica is the best,andis paleand uncoated. Cochin ginger .
resembles it, but is of a pale brownish tint externally. The Calicut variety
of Bengal ginger is like Cochin ginger, but darker and harder. The
Barbados, Bengal, and African, are coated gingers. See Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt., i, p. 232. For fig. of ginger starch see Berg, Anat. Atlas,
taf. xx. Bleached ginger is sometimes coated with sulphate and carbonate
oflime. P. J. [8], vol. iv., p. 831. Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 270.
MARANTACEZ.
CANNA EDULIS, Ker. ?
a. Starch. (Tous les Mois, Canna Starch.)
Note.—This starch is made from the tuber, principally in St. Kitts,
one of the West India Islands, It is the largest known starch, and can
only be confounded with potato starch. For distinctive characters see
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 230. According to Dr. Shier it produces
a jelly more tenacious than any other starch. See also Pharmacographia,
p. 573. According to Guibourt, tous les mois is extracted from Canna
coccinea, Rosc. This plant, however, has a fibrous not a tuberous root.
P. J. [1], vol. vii., p. 56; Hist. des Drog., t. ii., p. 230; see also Bentley,
Man. Bot., p. 654. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 266.
Canna Inptoa, DL.
a. Flowers and young fruit, preserved wet.
b. Rhizome. Ditto.
c. Fruit and seeds. Ditto.
d. Ditto. Presented by Mr. Bartlett.
Note.—The seeds are known as Indian shot, from their blackness and |
hardness. They are used as beads. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 655. |
d. Rhizome preserved wet. Presented by Senor J. Nobrega,
oe
_ Starch. (Arrowroot.) las v
. MARANTA ARUNDINACEA, D. < !
a. Plant, preserved wet.
b. Rhizome cultivated at Natal.
c. Rhizome cultivated at Sierra Leone. Presented by Mr. W. (4
Penney.
of Madeira.
Ps ,
: ~
* e
31. MARANTA ARUNDINACEA, continued.
f. Starch, from British Guiana.
g. Ditto. (African Arrowroot.)
Note.—Specimen c is a sample of the root from which African arrowroot
is prepared. Specimen f is No. 31 of the British Guiana collection of
drugs in the International Exhibition of 1851. It was contributed by
T. H. Garnett, and was produced at Herstelling plantation, Demerara.
P. J. [1), vol. xi., p. 159. For fig. of starch see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. ii., frontispiece, fig. 10; and also pt. i., p. 224, For African arrowroot,
: see P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 272. See Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab, 265,
§82. Tati peacpata, Fras.
a. Inflorescence, preserved wet.
_ ~ Note.—The structure of the leaf-stalk is very curious. See Treas. Bot.,
p. 1138. The specimen was presented by Prof. Bentley. It was grown in
the Royal Botanical Gardens, London.
MUSACEA.
583. Musa parapisaica, L. (Plantain.)
a. Fruit. (Plantain core sliced.)
b. Ditto. (Ditto, powdered; Plantain Meal, Conquin Tay.)
c. Starch.
Note.—Specimen c was prepared at Kitty plantation, Demerara, and
was contributed to the International Exhibition of 1851, by Dr. Shier.
See P. J. [1], vol.xi., p. 159, No.’34; and p. 156, No, 13. Specimens aand
b were presented to Dr. Pereira by Dr. Shier. Plantain starch closely
resembles that of East Indian arrowroot in appearance. The fruits yield
about 17 per cent. of it. For fig. see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii. ;
frontispiece, No. 21. See also l. c., vol. i., p. 222.
IRIDACE 2.
584. Crocus sativus, L. ‘
a. Stigmata. (Hay Saffron.) Two specimens.
b. Ditto. (Adulterated Saffron.)
c. Ditto. (Adulterated Saffron.)
d. Ditto. (After being used in infusion.)
e. Ditto. (Hzxhausted of colouring matter.)
Note.—Saffron is sometimes adulterated with safflower, marigold florets,
or crocus stamens, carbonate of calcium, and sulphate of barium. Saf-
flower, if present, may be recognised when the saffron is put into warm
water, by its tubular corolla with syngenesious anthers ; marigold petals
and crocus stamens by not being tripartite as in the saffron (P. J. [2],
vol. vii. p.452). Carbonate of calcium, if present, may be detected by its
effer'vescence with hydrochloric acid (P. J. [3], vol. i., pp. 241, 624); and
oil, which is sometimes used to freshen the colour of saffron, by pressure
between blotting-paper. See Pharmacographia, p. 606; Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 216. Cake saffron consists of the florets of safflower
made into thin cakes with gum-water. For Cape saffron see Lyperia
crocea. For cultivation in France and Austria, see P. J. [1], vol. viii.,
p. 171; in Cashmere, P. J. [1], vol. xv., p. 226; in Pennsylvania, P. J.
[2], vol. ix., p. 28; in France, P. J. [8], vol. iv., p. 551; in Italy, P. J.
- [8], vol. vi., p. 215. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 274.
“.f
585.
586.
587.
588.
589
590.
Irts Frorenrima, L.
a. Rhizome.
b. Ditto, powdered.
Note.—Orris root is also derived from Iris Germanica, L., and Iris
pallida, Lam. The essential oil, which is semi-solid like that obtained
from elder blossom, is sold when dissolved in about 15 parts of spirit as
oil or essence of orris root. For micr. section and starch, see Berg, Anat.
Atlas., taf. xxi. The rhizome yields ,, per cent. of the oil. See P. J.
[3], vol. iii, p. 230. It consists chiefly of what is supposed to be —
myristic acid. Pharmacographia, p. 601. For fig. of plant, see Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 273.
Iris versiconor, DL. (Blue Flag.)
a. Rhizome. (Blue Flag Root.) .
Note.—The root by American herbalists is used as a powerful purgative
and alterative in scrofulous diseases, usually mixed with cayenne pepper
or other stimulant. Irisin or-iridin is a resinous body, made by precipi-
tating the tincture with water, and mixing the precipitate with an equal
quantity of some absorbent powder. It is used by the eclectic practi-
tioners. See Wood and Bache, p. 487. In small doses it is said to
stimulate the whole glandular system. See Grover Coe, Positive Med.
Agents, P: 167.
AMARYLLIDACEA.
Atstremeria Lictu, D.
a. Starch.
Note.—The starch of the root of this and other species of the same
genus, are used in Chili as arrowroot. Bentley, Man. Bot.,p. 659. This
specimen was sent by Mr. Smith, of Concepcion, Chili. P.J.[1], vol.x.,
p. 265.
TACCACEA.
Tacca OcEANICA, Nutt.
a. Starch. (Sandwich Island Arrowroot, Tacca Starch,
Tahiti Arrowroot, Otaheite Salep.)
Note.—Pereira states that this starch would probably be equal to West
Indian arrowroot if it were prepared with equal care. Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i., p. 221. The starch is called by the natives Pea. For fig.
of plant see Am. Journ. Pharm., 1838, p. 307. For fig. of starch, see Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., frontispiece, No. 18.
LILIACEZ.
AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS, Herit.
a. Bulb.
Note.—The juice of this plant contains numerous crystals, and when
rubbed on the skin causes irritation and redness, lasting several hours.
Pharmacographia, p. 629.
Attium Porrvum, L. (Leek.)
a. Bulb, preserved wet.
b. Fruit, ditto.
Note.—For an account of the leek, see Treas. Bot., P. 40.
\ a. oe
‘591. Stasi sativum, L.
593.
594.
B95.
a, Bulb, preserved wet. (Garlic.)
Note.—Garlic consists of a bulb in which all the scales are membranous,
but a number of buds or small bulbs, which are called “cloves,” are
developed in the axils of the membranous scales. It keeps best when
hung up in a dry place, so that the bulbs do not come in contact with any-
thing. See Treas. Bot., p. 41. Bentl. d& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 280.
592.
Attiom Vicroriate, L.
a. Bulb.
Note.—This bulb is remarkable for the strong resemblance it bears to
the rootstock of Nardostachys Jatamansi. It is described by Guibourt
under the name of ‘‘ Faux Nard du Dauphiné,” it being a native of that
district. See Hist. des Drog., t. iii., p. 82, fig. 581. It is distinguished
from Nardostachys Jatamansi by having a slight alliaceous odour, and
by the fibres forming a regular network.
Aor Inptca, Royle. .
a. Inspissated juice a. (Indian aloes.) Presented by Dr.
Royle.
b. Ditto, 8.
c. Ditto. (Aloes from icc y Presented by Dr. J.
A. Vaughan.
d. Ditto. (Aden, or Black Aloes.)
Note.—Specimens a and b are those described by Pereira in his Mat.
Med. under Indian aloes, a and 8, in vol. ii., pt. i, p.193. Specimens c
and d are No. 1 and 3 mentioned in the footnote, P. J. [1], vol. xii.,
p. 268. A memorandum on specimen d states that the price of that kind
was 2 rupees for 28 lbs,
e. Aloesine.
Note.—A memorandum on this specimen states that it was prepared by
evaporating a watery decoction after the deposition of the resin, and
removing the pure principle by oxide of lead by Braconnot’s process.
ALOE Lincuirormis, D.C.
a. Inspissated juice.
Note.—This specimen has the following note attached: ‘‘ Aloes from
French Hoek, much preferred by the resident doctor, Dr. Versveld, to
Cape or even to hepatic aloes. Hanbury mentions this species as one
of those reputed to yield the best Cape aloes.
Axor Socorrma, Lam.
a. Inspissated juice. (Hepatic Aloes.)
b. Ditto. Two specimens. From Horner & Sons.
Note.—The hepatic aloes of old writers is considered by Hanbury to
have been the sediment deposited in Socotrine aloes juice, the upper
transparent portion forming, when dried, Socotrine aloes. Pharmacogra-
phia p.621. Much of the hepatic aloes of the present day, however, owes
' its opacity to a feculent matter. P. J. [1], vol. xi. p. 439; P. J. [3],
vol. iii., p. 994.
- L
146
595. Aton Socrorrrna, continued. a bt
c. Inspissated juice. (Mocha, or Moka Aloes.) Fro ae
Wright & Co.
d. Ditto. Presented by Dr. A. Leared.
Note.—This kind of aloes has been imported from Muscat. It is of
inferior quality, containing usually 25 per cent. of impurity. Per, Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 192. Hanbury attributes it to Aloe Socotrina. .
Pharmacographia, p. 616. Its odour is intermediate between that of =
Socotrine and Barbados, aloes, which would seem rather to indicate that
it is produced by Aloe Indica, Royle, which Hanbury thinks is a slight.
variety of Aloe vulgaris, Lam. Pharmacographia, p. 622; P. J. [1),
vol. xii., p. 268. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 283.
e. Socotrine aloe juice, No. 1.
J. Socotrine aloes prepared, No. 2, from No. 1.
g. Large skin of false Socotrine aloes.
Note.—Specimen e is the one alluded to in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., .
pt. i., p. 188. It was imported into London from Madras, but was first
purchased from some Arabs on the coast of the Red Sea.
h. Zanzibar aloes. Presented by Mr. F. J. Hanbury.
_ Note:—This kind of aloes is imported in monkey skins. It’is the kind
mentioned in Pharmacographia, p. 622. The odour of the specimen h is
similar to that of Socotrine aloes but less agreeable, and the surface is
duller and more resinous-looking.
596. ALog reRox, Lam.
. Portion of the stem. Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 284.
b. Inspissated juice. (Cape Aloes.) '
c. Ditto. (Socotrine Cape Aloes.) Two specimens.
d. Ditto. (Hepatic Oape Aloes.) Two specimens.
e. Ditto. (Natal Alges.)
f. Resin deposited from a decoction of aloes.
Note.—Other species, such as Aloe ferox, L., A. perfoliata, L., also yield
Cape aloes, A. Africana, Mill, and A. plicatilis, Mill, are said by Dr. Pappe
to yield a less powerful kind. Speciménsc and d are the: specimens 8
and y mentioned by Pereira in his Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i. p. 192.
They were sent to him by Mr. Dunsterville of Algoa Bay. Natal aloes is
produced by a large aloe which has not yet been identified, but from the
similarity of the odour of the drug to Cape aloes, it is here classed with it,
It closelyresembles hepatic aloes in appearance, but has an odour like Cape
aloes, and usually presents a powdery surface. Hepatic aloeshas an odour
like Socotrine aloes, and a dull and opaque, not a powdery, surface.
Socotrine aloes may be recognised by its reddish tint, and by the frag-
ments being nearly transparent, as well as by its odour.
597. Aor vuLearis, Lam.
a Stem. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 282.
b. Leaves, preserved wet.
c. Inspissated juice. (Barbados Aloes.) Two specimens.’
d, Gourd, containing Barbados aloes.
R
. ALon vuLGanis, continued. —
- @. Portion of an opened gourd.
f. Footid, or horse aloes. (Aloes Caballin of Guibourt.)
Note,——There are two varieties of Barbados aloes met with in commerce,
- one presenting a brown and the other a black fracture ; the former is the
best. Barbados aloes may be at once distinguished by its disagreeable
odour. Specimen f was presented by Prof. Guibourt. It is alluded to in
_ Per. Mat, Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 192, No. 5.
598. Asparacus OFrricinaLis, LD.
a. Rhizome and young shoots, preserved wet.
Note.—The young shoots are sometimes called turiones. The juice of the
asparagus plant possesses diuretic properties. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 663.
The plant is said to contain asparagine and mannite. See Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii, pt. i., p. 211. The true leaves of this plant are minute scales.
599. Dracwna Draco, L.
a. Portion of stem, with leaves.
b. Resin. Dragon's blood in the tear.
Note.—The specimens a and b were presented by Senor G. J. de
Nobrega, of Funchal, Madeira.
c. Socotra dragon’s blood. Presented by Dr. Vaughan.
Note.—Specimen c is probably produced by Dracena Draco. See
Wellstead’s Travels in Arabia, vol. ii., p. 449; and P. J. [1], vol. xii.,
p. 385.
d. Dragon's blood in the tear, Presented by Messrs.
Allen & Co.
. POLYGONATUM OFFICINALE, All.
a. Rhizome. (Solomon’s Seal.) =
Note.—The plant is indigenous, occurring in woods. The rhizome, grated
or scraped into a pulp, is used in the provinces as an application to
bruises, to remove the discoloration. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 212.
The last two plants, together with Ruscus aculeatus and a few others,
have, by some botanists, been placed in a separate family, called Aspara-
gacew, characterized by having a succulent fruit, and a root which is not
bulbous. See Babington, Man. Bot., p. 350. aii
601. Uremea Sortxa, Steinheil.
a. Bulb. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, No. 281.
b. Ditto, sliced.
c. Ditto, preserved wet.
d. Ditto. Fine specimen.
Note.—The bitter principle of squill is precipitated by tannin. Phar-
macographia, p. 628. According to Quekett, powdered squill contains
10 per cent. of raphides. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 204.
602. Xanrnorra@a arsorea, B. Br. (Grass Tree.)
a. Portions of the bases of leaves with the resin in situ.
b. The balsamic resin in masses, after fusion by fire.
c. Balsamic resin element paddy She #00 s action.
_
-
nw
\ 4
602. XANTHORRH@A ARBOREA, continued.
608.
148
4
d. Balsamic resin. (Gum Acroides, Botany Bay Resin.)
Note.—Specimens a, b, and ¢ were presented by Mr. Bowerbank, of
Sydney. The resin is of a bright yellow colour, becoming reddest,
externally, on exposure to air and light, and is known in com-
merce under the name of gum acroides. It has a fragrant odour when
burned, and contains cinnamic acid, together with a little benzoic acid.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 218. It is remarkable for the large
quantity of picric acid it yields when treated with nitric acid. See P. J.
{1}, vol. vi., p. 89. The name acroides is derived from Acroides resini-
fera, the name given by Sprengel to the plant yielding the resin. See
Merat et De Lens, Dict. Mat. Med., t. vi., p. 970. ‘
XANTHORRHG@A AUSTRALIS, R. Br.
a. Spike of fruit. ;
b. Portion of the bases of the leaves, with the resin ad-
hering. ,
Note.—The specimens a and b were presented by Mr. Bowerbank,
of Sydney.
c. Balsamic resin, massive, after fusion by fire. Presented
by Mr. Rea. (Black Boy Gum.)
d. Balsamic resin in tears, mixed with the fruit. Pre-
sented by Dr. Lindley.
Note.—This resin is of a deep garnet-red colour, and usually occurs in
tears. It is known in commerce under the name of “ black-boy gum.” It
is soluble in alcohol, and in the essential oils of the Eucalypti, except
that of E. amygdalina (dandenong peppermint) ; insoluble in turpentine,
and very slightly in the drying oils. It contains benzoi¢ and cinnamic
acid. See Catalogue, Victorian Exhib., 1861, Jurors’ Report, p. 57; also
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.i., p. 213.
MELANTHACEZ.
604. ASAGREZA OFFICINALIS, Lindl.; ScH@NOEAULON OFFICINALE, A.
Gray.
a. Fruit. (Oevadilla Seeds, Sabadilla.)
Note.—The seeds are used chiefly for the preparation of veratria. For
fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 287.
605. CoLcHICcUM AUTUMNALE, ZL.
a. The plant in flower, preserved wet. Two specimens.
b. The corm, preserved wet. Two specimens.
c. The corm, dried and sliced.
d. Ditto, powdered.
e. Starch obtained from the corm.
f. Seed. See Bentley and Trimen, Med, Plants, No. 288.
Note.—Colchicum blossoms in September, about the same time as
Crocus sativus, the flower of which it resembles; but it is distinguished
from the crocus by the leaves not appearing with the flower, and by the
flower having six stamens, the crocus having three stamens only. The
seeds appear in spring with the leaves. The seed slightly resembles
605. CoLcHicuM AUTUMNALE, continued.
black mustard seed; but is distinguished from it by its larger size, by
not being pungent, and by being very hard. For micr. section of the
corm and fig. of starch, see Berg. Anat. Atlas, taf. xxiv., fig. 59. The
corms lose nearly three-fourths of their weight in drying. They are said
to be most active in autumn, and to preserve their qualities better if
dried whole than if sliced. Pharmacographia, p. 637.
606. Veratrum atpum, L. (White Hellebore.)
a. Rhizome. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 285.
Note.—This rhizome closely resembles that of Veratrum viride ; but the
latter has much whiter rootlets, which are usually present. In V. album,
the roots are often absent, either partly or entirely. For micr. section
of root and starch, see Berg, Anat, Atlas, taf. xxi.
607. Veratum viripe, Ait. (American Hellebore, Indian Poke,
Swamp Hellebore. )-
a. Rhizome.
Note.—The rhizome is official in the U. 8. Pharmacopoia as well as in
the B. Pharmacopeia. It is used as an arterial and nervous sedative.
See Wood and Bache, Dispens., p. 853; Pharmacographia, p. 633. This
must not be confounded with Phytolacca decandra, which is also called
poke. The specimen of V. viride was presented by Dr. E. Cutter, of
Woburn, Massachusetts. See P. J. [2], vol. iv., p. 184. Green helle-
bore, a name sometimes applied to this drug, belongs properly to Helle-
borus viridis, a ranunculaceous plant. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and
Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 286.
ACORACEA.
608. Acorus Catamus, L. (Sweet Flag, Butch, Vassamba.).
a. Rhizome.
b. Ditto. Fine specimen.
ce. Ditto, preserved wet.
d. Spadix.
Note.—The rhizome of Iris pseudacorus sometimes occurs mixed with
this drug; but it may be recognised by its dark colour, astringent taste,
and absence of aroma. Pharmacographia, p. 616. It is used in pot
pourri, and in India as a remedy for infantile diarrhea. It is an aro-
matic tonic, and is useful in atonic dyspepsia. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt.i.;p.140. The volatile oil is used in making aromatic vinegar and
for seenting snuff. For micr. section of root, see Berg, Anat. Atlas,
mt xx. See also Treas. Bot., p.18. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,
tab. 279.
609. Symptocarpus Favpus, Bart.; Dracontium reripum, Big.
(Skunk Oabbage.)
a. Root. -
Note.—The root has a strong garlic-like odour when fresh, hence its
name. It is official in the secondary list of the U. 8S. Pharmacopeia,
under the name of dracontium. It is used as an antispasmodic and
expectorant in asthma. It loses its properties me 96% Wood and Bache,
Dispens., P. 355.
i?
=
PALMACEA. ; -F
610, Areca Catecun, L.
ta. Section of trunk, from Ceylon.
b. Fruit. For fig., see Hist. des Drog., vol. ii., p. 182.
c. Seeds. (Areca, or Betel Nut.)
d. Ditto, carbonised.
e. Extract prepared from the fruit. (Kassu.) “3
f. Ditto. Presented by Prof. Guibourt. :
g. Ditto, from Colombo.
h. Ditto, from Ceylon.
Note.—The seeds sliced are used as a masticatory in India; for
this purpose a slice is powdered over with lime, and wrapped in a leaf of
Piper Betle, L. The grated seeds are used as a remedy for tapewormin '
dogs, and are given to human beings for the same purpose in India and ;
China, and now in Britain also: According to Hanbury, areca nuts do not
contain any catechin or crystalline matter. Pereira, however, states that
_ areca nut catechu contains numerous large crystals. Hence it appears
doubtful if the areca nut catechu of Pereira is really obtained from areca
catechu. Areca nut catechu of Pereira is distinguished by occurring in flat
circular cakes, two to three inches in diameter, and about two-thirds of
an inch thick, and is usually covered with the glumes of rice, which are
called paddy husks. Compare Pharmacographia, p. 608, and Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 341. See Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 276. '
611. Catamus Draco, Willd.
a. Resin. (Reed Dragon’s Biood.)
b. Ditto, ditto, fine.
c. Ditto, ditto, very old.
Note.—Specimen a is in sticks about fourteen inches long, and is the
kind described in Pharmacographia, p. 611. Specimen b is in shorter
sticks, about six to eight inches long. The sticks are wrapped in palm
leaves, and are secured by the flexible stem of some kind of grass.
Specimen ¢ is a portion of a stick of rather larger diameter. Specimen
a contains about 80 per cent. of matter soluble in spirit of wine.
d. Resin. (amp Dragon’s Blood.)
e. Ditto, ditto. Presented by Mr. Savory.
f. Dragon’s blood, in oval masses. .
g. Fictitious ditto, in globose pieces. Presented by Mr. P
D. Hanbury. ;
Note.—The dragon’s blood of the Canary Islands is produced by
Dracewna Draco, L., which see. The Sumatran dragon’s blood, produced
by Calamus draco, may be distinguished from the other kinds by con-
taining little shell-like scales, and by giving off, when heated on the
point of a knife, irritating fumes of benzoic acid. See Pharmacographia,
p. 613. Fictitious dragon’s blood differs in shape, and in its resin-like —__
odour when broken. Hist. des Drog., t. ii., p. 189.
612. Crroxyton Ayprcora, H. B. (Waa Palin.) }
a. Wax, as scraped from the trunk. Presented aw! Dr.
Lindley. bl vin lel | a
-
a ‘ . — “=
613.
615.
r ‘
612. Ceroxytow Awptcota, continued.
b. Wax, melted into masses.
Note.—The wax forms a white marble-like coating on the trunk of the
tree. The tree, when cut down and seraped, yields usually about 25 Ibs.
See Treas. Bot., p. 258. The wax is hard and somewhat resinous, and
does not seem to become rancid by keeping. Hist. des Drog., t. ii.,
p. 136. It is used in New Granada for making candles.
Corypna certrera, Arrud.; Cormrnicia certrera, Mart.
a. Root. (Oarnaiiba Root.) Presented by Dr. Symes.
b. Wax. (Carnaiiba Waa, Brazilian Wax, Palm Waz.)
Presented by Dr. Hooker.
Note.—The root possesses diuretic properties, and has lately been
introduced into this country as a substitute for sarsaparilla. See P. J.
[3], vol. v., pp. 661 and 965. The wax has been used in this country for
making candles. Each tree yields about 4} lbs. of wax. The wax is ob-
tained from the leaves, which are coated with it, by shaking them. See
Treas. Bot., p. 327. The wax is said to approach very nearly to bees-
wax in its chemical constitution. Hist. des Drog., t. ii., p. 136. It
melts at 180° F. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 151.
. Cocos nucirera, L. (Cocoa Nut Palm.)
a. Fruit, germinating, preserved wet.
b. Ditto. Presented by Mr. L. Hetherington.
ec. Oil. (Cocoa-Nut Oil.)
Note.—The fruit is a tryma, the fibrous outer portion of which is used
for making matting, etc., and is known under the name of coir. What
is commonly called the cocoa-nut is the endocarp of the fruit, the edible
portion is the albumen, and the cocoa-nut milk is the liquor amnios.
The embryo is lodged in a small cavity in the albumen near the soft
hole in the shell. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 150. Cocoa-nut oil
fuses at 70° F. It is used for making floating and marine soaps, which
form a lather with salt water. -
Exeis Guriveensis, Jacq. (Guinea Oil Palm.)
a. Seeds.
b. Farina of seeds.
¢. Oil. (Palm Oil.) Two specimens.
Note.—The oil is obtained from the mesocarp, or fibrous yellow portion,
of the fruit by boiling it in water. Palm oil melts at about 983° F. It is
used in the manufacture of soap, candles, and glycerin, and also forms
an ingredient in the grease used for railway axles. See Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 150.
. Exa@is mMeLanococca, Gertn.
a. Fruit, preserved wet.
Note.—This species also yields a portion of the palm oil of commerce.
_ It is probably the specimen alluded to by Pereira as having been given to,
him by Mr. Warington. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 149.
—
.-
. _
ye
%
“. ‘
—
152
Hypnens Tuepaica. (Doum Palm, Gingerbread Tree.)
a. Fruit. ,
Note.—This palm is remarkable for having a repeatedly forked stem,
Its fruit is said to resemble gingerbread in taste, and the outer portion is
eaten by the poorer classes in Egypt. See Treas. Bot., p. 612; Bentley,
Man. Bot., p. 92.
618. Paa@nrx pactytirera, L. (Date Palm.)
a. Spike of fruit.
b. Sugar obtained from the fruit.
Note.—The crude sugar obtained from this and other palms is known
under the name of jaggery. The long leaves of this palm are probably
the “branches of palm-trees”” mentioned in John xii. 13. Treas. Bot.,
p- 877.
619. PHyYTELEPHAS MACROCARPA, Rf. ef P. (Ivory Plant.)
a. Seeds. (Vegetable Ipory.)
Note.—The seeds consist in large proportion of a white hard albumen
which, when the fruit is young, forms a clear insipid fluid which soon
becomes milky and sweet, and then hardens into the substance known as
vegetable ivory. Vegetable ivory is used for tops of smelling bottles,
etc.
620. Sacus tavis, Rumph, and other species. (Spineless Sago ~
Palm.)
a. Pearl sago. Two specimens.
b. Large sago. (Common, or Brown Sago.)
c. Ditto, bleached.
d. Sago starch.
Note.—This species is said to yield most of the sago imported into
Europe.. Some is, however, obtained from 8. Rumphii, Rozb., the
prickly sago palm, or malay. The greatest quantity is procured by
cutting down the tree as soon as the flower spike appears; a single tree
often yielding 600 lbs. Sago is apparently made by two different pro-
cesses, the starch grains being burst in some samples and not in others.
See ‘Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 145; Treas. Bot., p. 1006. _Ficti-
tious sago, sold by grocers under the name of pearl tapioca, is made
from potato starch. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.i., p. 147. For fig.
of sago starch see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., frontispiece, fig. 7, 8, 9.
It much resembles Tacca starch, but the truncated grains are rather
longer than in that starch. The specimen d is the sample received by ©
Pereira from Cockermouth, Cumberland, under the name of ‘food for
the people.” Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 145.
ARACEA.
621. Canaprum EscuLENTUM, LD.
a. Rhizome. Presented by Senor G. J. de Nobrega,
Madeira.
Note.—The rhizome and leaves are sold in the bazaars in Bombay,
and are eaten by the natives. In the West Indies they are called yams,
cocoes, or eddoes. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 676; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i. p. 187.
623.
624.
626.
627.
pee, A Arum macutarom, L. (Lords and Ladies, uals Wake
Robin.) .
a. Plant, preserved wet.
b. Corms, sliced.
.¢. Starch prepared from the rhizome. (Portland Arrow-
root.)
Note.—The rhizome, dried and grated, is used by herbalists as a remedy
for gout. It formerly held a place in the Dublin Pharmacopeia. The
starch was formerly manufactured at Portland, and is still made there in
small quantity, but is not an article of commerce. See P. J. [1], vol.
xiii., p. 60. A peck of roots yields about 3 lbs. of starch. For fig. of the
starch see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., frontispiece, fig. 11.
CYPERACEA.
Cyprrus HExAsTacHys, Rottb. (Mootha.)
a. Rhizome, from Delhi.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. Royle. The rhizome is
used in India for cholera. Nagur Mootha is the rhizome of C. pertenuis,
which is used by Hindoo ladies for cleaning and Peas their hair.
Treas, Bot., p. 373.
Cyperus tonaus,.D. (Sweet Scented Cyperus.)
a. Rhizome. '
Note.—The rhizome is now used only in perfumes, it having a violet-
like odour. Formerly it was used as a tonic and stomachic for sweeten-
ing the breath. See Pomet, Dict. of Drugs, p. 36. It contains a bitter
principle. The plant is a native of England, but is very local, occurring
only in the southern counties.
. Cyperus rotunpbvus, L.
a. Rhizome.
Note.—The rhizome is known in Jamaica under the name of “‘ Adrew.”’
The specimen was presented by Dr. D, Maclagan.
GRAMINACE.
ANDrROpPOGON ciTRATUS, D.C. ; ANDROPOGON sCHeNANTHUS, Wall.
(Lemon Grass, Sireh of Java.)
-a. Leaves.
b. Volatile oil. (Oil of Verbena, Lemon Grass Oil, Indian
Melissa Oil.)
Note.—The oil receives its name of oil of verbena from its similarity
in odour to the lemon plant, or sweet-scented verbena of the gardens
(Lippia citriodora, H.B. K.). It is imported from Ceylon and Singapore.
The oil made by Winter, of Ceylon, and Fisher, of Singapore, being
esteemed the best. Pharmacographia, p. 660. The Andropogon sche-
nanthus of Linnewus is another species. See below.
ANDROPOGON LANIGER, Desf. (Schaenanthus, Squinanthus, Feenum
Camelorum, Juncus Odoratus, Khévi.)
a. Leaves.
asain —This specimen was presented by Mr. D. Hanbury in 1874,
=
ae
~<
¢ te
154
627. ANDROPOGON LANIGER, continued.
See Pharmacographia, p. 663. It has an aromatiec pungent taste. It
was formerly Official in the London Pharmacopeia, and formed an ingre-
dient in Theriaca and Mithridatium. It was considered to possess
stimulant, vulnerary, diuretic, and emmenagogue properties. See Per. —
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 135. It is a native of Arabia. For fig. of
the plant, etc., see Pomet, Hist. of Drugs, p. 110, fig. 1.
628. ANDROPOGON MuRIcATUS, Retz. (Vetiver, Vittie vayr, Kuskus.)
a. Root.
b. Volatile oil.
Note.—The fibrous roots are used in this country to lay in drawers as
a perfume and to keep away moths. In India they are made into
screens for windows and doors, and sprinkled with water to diffuse an
agreeable odour and coolness. The oil is used in perfumery. The root
has been used in medicine for a variety of purposes. See Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 1382. Pharmacographia, p. 663.
629. Anpropocon Narovus, LD.
a. Essential oil. (Citronelle Oil.)
Note.—This grass is cultivated in Ceylon and Singapore, and the best
comes chiefly from the same firms which make the best oil of verbena.
Citronelle oil is largely used for perfuming honey soap. Pharmaco-
graphia, pp. 660, 661. Citronelle is the French name for Melissa offici-
nalis, L. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 297. .
630. AnpRopocon Scuenantavs, LB.
a. Leaves. :
b. Volatile oil. (Oil of Ginger Grass, Turkish Oil of Gera-
nium, Grass Oil of Nimar or Nemaur, Rusa-ka-tel,
Rosa Oil, Palma Rosa Oil, Idris Yaghi or Entershah
of Turkey.)
Note.—The oil is largely used for the adulteration of otto of rose. The
otto which is sold in small gilt bottles, often consists of nothing more
than oil of ginger grass. For the purpose of adulteration, it is first
shaken with lemon-juice water and then exposed to sun and air, when its
odour becomes more like that of the rose. Otto of rose containing much
ginger grass oil will not congeal. See Pharmacographia, pp. 662 and 238.
See also Pelargonium species. Andropogon schenanthus, L., is identical
with A. pachnodes, Trin. and A. calamus aromaticus, Royle. A. scho-
nanthus of Wallich is identical with A. citratus, D.C., and yields oil
of verbena.
631. Arunpo Donax, Beauv. (Great Reed.)
a. Rhizome.
Note.—It is said that the heroes of Homer made their arrows of this
reed, and that the tent of Achilles was thatched with its leaves. Treas.
Bots,.p: 98. *. ‘ i pe
632. Avena sativa, D.
‘a. Caryopsides. (Oats.)
b. Ditto crushed. (Hmbden Groats.)
Note.—Oats are generally sold with the two palew attached to the:
mr Moy aed _- ot) 8 2c
Pate pare, seeabeast
- grain, — Oats yield about 65 per cent. of starch. Oatmeal, if allowed to
get damp, contracts a bitter taste. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii, pt. i., pp. 76-79.
For fig. of starch, see above work, frontispiece, fig. 3. The grains are
more angular than those of wheat, and not lenticular in shape. See
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 292.
633. Bampusa ARuNpINAcgA, L.
a. Stem. (Bamboo.)
at Note.—For an account of the uses of bamboo, see Treas. Bot., p. 120.
See also Trans. Linn. Soc,, vol. xxvi., p. 1.
634, Corx Lacuryma, D.
a. Caryopsides, (Job’s Tears.)
Note.—This specimen was in the International Exhibition of 1851, and
was contributed by Mr. T. B. Duggin, of Berbice, Brit. Guiana. The
grains are said to possess diuretic and tonic properties, Treas. Bot.,
p- 311. They are also used as beads, Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 685, and as a
substitute for pearl barley.
635. Ereusine coracana, Pers.
a. Panicle of fruit. (Natchnee.)
Note.—This grass is cultivated as acorn crop in Japan, and also on
the Coromandel Coast, where it is known under the name of natchnee.
Treas. Bot., p. 446; Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 685.
636. Hotcus Soreuum, Pers.
a. Caryopsides. (Indian Millet, Guinea Oorn, Durra, Jaar,
Turkish Millet.) Presented by Dr. Daniell.
Note.—This grain is used in this country for feeding poultry. The
stems are used in the manufacture of carpet brooms, etc. Bentley, Man.
a ~ Bot. »p. 686. In many warm countries this grain replaces oats. Treas.
. Bot., p. 1074. For fig. of the plant see P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 350.
637. Horpeum pisticnum, DL. _
d a. Caryopsides. (Barley.)
b. Ditto, decorticated. (Scotch, hulled, or pot Barley.)
ec. Ditto, ditto. (Pearl Barley.)
d. Malt.
Note.—As found in commerce, the grains are usually enclosed in the
pales or husk. Patent barley simply consists of the ground decorticated
grain. Barley meal contains about 68 per cent. of starch. Scotch barley
¥ ’ consists of the grain with the husk partly removed by a mill. Pearl
barley consists of the grain with all the integuments removed, and the
seeds rounded and polished. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 83. For
fig. of starch, see above work, frontispiece, fig. 2.
}. Malt is the grain in which about 40 per cent. of the starch is turned =
FF into glucose and dextrine, by the altered proteine or diastase of the seed. ~~
Malt dried at 100° F., is pale malt; at 180° F., amber malt; at 260° F.,
brown malt. The brown malt is used for flavouring. Roasted or burned
+» malt is used for colouring porter, ete. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., Ui apes
ee p. 85. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 293.
“os
be
We
er
688. Oryza sativa, DL. | }
639.
640.
. Panicle of fruit. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants,tab.291-
. Caryopsides. (Paddy.)
. Ditto, decorticated. (Carolina Rice.)
. Ditto, ditto. (Bengal Rice.)
. Ditto, ditto. (Patna Rice.)
‘Ditto, ditto, ground. (Ground Rice.)
. Starch. (Rice Starch of commerce.)
. Ditto. (Orlando Jones’s Patent Starch.)
t. Gluten. (Chinese Vermicelli.)
Note.—Rice, while enclosed in the husk or palew, is called by the
Malays paddie, and when freed from the husk, bras. Rice yields
about 85 per cent. of starch. For the process of making Orlando Jones’s _
patent rice starch, see Per, Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 73. Rice starch
is the smallest ofall the commercial starches. In shape it resembles
maize, but is very much smaller, For fig. of the starch, see Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., frontispiece, fig. 6. The Chinese vermicelli is sold
in flat bundles about 5 inches long and 1} inch broad, and is composed of
a folded filament made of rice paste.
PENICILLARIA sPrcaTa, Willd.
a. Spike of inflorescence. (Caffre Corn, or African Millet.)
Note.—For fig. of this plant, and a full description of the uses of the
grain, see P. J. [1], vol. xi., p. 396. It is a native of the Gold Coast, and
is there used for food. The specimen was presented by Dr. Daniell.
SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM, L.
a. Culm, or stem. (Sugar Cane.)
b. Ditto, preserved wet.
~R MS QS SR
c. Cane juice.
d. Cane sugar. (Bastards.)
e. Ditto. (Raw Foots.)
f. Ditto. (Unclayed Manilla Sugar.)
g. Ditto. (Purified ditto.)
-h. Ditto. (Sugar Candy.)
i. Slag.
j. Wax from cane juice.
Note.—The specimen f, of unclayed Manilla sugar, was presented by
Mr. W. W. Stoddart. Specimen j was presented by Prof. Guibourt, to
whom it was sent by M. Avequin, of Orleans. It appears to be detached
from the canes when crushed in the mill. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt. i, p. 121. It occurs as a glaucous powder, coating the canes, chiefly
those of the violet variety. It is fusible at 180° F., dissolves in boiling
alcohol, and gelatinizes on cooling. Cane juice contains about 20 per
cent. of sugar. ‘‘ Muscovado” is a term often applied to raw sugar.
‘Bastards’ is prepared from molasses and the green syrups. The
coarser brown sugars often contain mites in large numbers, for fig. of
which see P. J. [1]; vol. x., p. 396. Molasses is the term applied in
commerce to the drainings from raw sugar, and treacle to the thicker
syrup which has drained from refined sugar in the moulds. Cooley’s
.
;
.
. SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM, continued.
Cyclopedia, p. 1087. For caramel, saccharum penidium, etc., see
Chemical Collection. See also Per, Mat. Med,, vol. ii., pt. i., p. 120, ete.
Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 298.
641. Sxoate ceruare, L.
a. Caryopsides. (Iye.)
Note.—The black bread of Russia and Germany is made from this grain.
Its use is said to cause ergotism, on account of the occurrence of ergot
more frequently in this grain than in others. It yields about 65 per
cent. of starch. For fig. of starch, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., fron-
tispiece, fig. 4.
642. Trrricum vutaare, L.
a, Caryopsides. (Wheat.)
b. Starch. (Wheat Starch.)
e. Gluten. (Macaroni.)
d. Semolina.
e. Manna croup.
Note.—Semolina and manna croup are granular preparations of wheat
deprived of bran. Wheat yields about 70 per cent. of starch. For fig. of
the starch, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., frontispiece, fig. 1. Wheat
starch is remarkable for the number of small grains found init. The larger
grains are round and lenticular, and appear elliptical when seen sideways.
Triticum durum, Kunth, is said to be the species preferred for making
macaroni. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 294.
643. Triticum repens, L. (Couch Grass, Quitch Grass, Dog Grass.)
a. Rhizome.
Note.—A decoction of the rhizome has of late been recommended in
mucous discharge from the bladder. Pharmacographia, p. 664; Culpep-
per’s Herbal, p. 156.
644. Triticum compositum, L. (Mummy Wheat.)
a. Panicle of fruit. :
Note.—This specimen was grown from seed found in an Egyptian
mummy by Mr. Pettigrew. Presented by Mr. Savory.
645. Zea Mays, D.
a. Spike of fruit.
b. Caryopsides. (Indian Oorn, Maize.)
ec. Starch.
Note.—The specimen a was grown and presented by Mr. G. Jeynes.
Maize contains about 67 per cent. of starch. Maize meal has been
known under the name of polenta. Most of the “Indian corn flours”
are composed entirely of maize starch. The starch is distinguished from
others by being thick and angular. For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., a
pt. i., frontispiece, No. 5.. Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 296. ~ —
—_-”
ity
CRYPTOGAMIA.
FILICES. ; i
646, Apranrom CAPILLUS VeENERIS, LD.
647.
648.
650.
a. Fronds. (Maidenhair.)
ADIANTUM PEDATUM, L.
a. Fronds. (Canadian Maidenhair.) :
Note.—Maidenhair is mucilaginous, slightly astringent, and aromatic ;
it is used in France as a remedy in chronic catarrh. The Canadian
maidenhair is the more aromatic of the two. Sirop de capillaire is pre-
pared from the latter plant, with the addition of orange-flower water.
The capillaire of the shops usually consists of simple syrup, flavoured
with orange-flower water. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,p. 66. For fig.,
Hist. des Drog., t. ii., p. 76-
Crsotium Barometz, Smith.
a. Rhizome, and portion of stipes. (Scythian Lamb.)
_ Note.—For the curious fable concerning the rhizome of this fern, see
Pid s: (ME s VOly: XV1s 5 i. 200s
b. Stipes. ,
c. Ramenta. (Penghawar Djambi.)
Note.—The ramenta, or silky hairs covering the base of the stipes, of
this fern, have been used in Germany and Holland as a styptic. It is
imported from Sumatra. See, for fig., P. J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 502.
. Crsorium e@Laucum, Hook. and Arn.
a. Ramenta. (Pulu.)
Note.—The silky hairs of this fern are imported from the Sandwich
Islands. Pulu is probably produced also by two other species, C. Cha-
missoi, Kaulf., and C. Menziesii, Hook.,; natives of the same islands,
In 1858, it was exported to the extent of 313,220 lbs. Each plant yields
about two to three ounces. Pulu was supposed by Prof. Archer to be
identical with penghawar djambi, see P. J. [1], vol. xvi., p. 322. See
also P. J. [2], vol.i., p.501. By the natives, pulu is tsed for pil-
lows, etc.
DICKSONIA CHRYSOTRICHA; BALANTIUM CHRYsOTRICHUM, Hassk. —
a. Stipes. ~
b. Ramenta. (Pakoe Kidang.) |
Note.—The silky hairs, called pakoe kidang, are larger than those of i
penghawar djambi, and the cells of which they are composed are shorter .
than those of pulu. Pakoe kidang yields, according to De Vrij, 6°74 per
cent. of ashes, and penghawar djambi only 1°53 per cent. See, for fig.,
P. J. [2], vol.i., p. 503. The fern is a native of Java. It has been
sold in Holland under the name of penghawar djambi. 3
d cs oe | ia ro -- 2
’
PY Fix -MAS, Preal. ; Asripium max MAS, Swartz. -
Fern.)
a. Rhizome.
:. Ethereal extract. . (Oil of Male Fern.)
Note.—The rhizomes are distinguished from the similar ones of
Athyrium— Filix fomina, Lastrwa Oreopteris, and Lastriea spinulosa, by
the section of the leaf-base showing eight vascular bundles, while in the
other ferns named there are only two. The rhizome yields about 8 per
cent. of ethereal extract. See Pharmacographia, p. 669. Seé Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 300.
. Potyropium Caxacuata, Ruiz.
a. Rhizome.
“1 : Note.—The rhizome of this, and other species, is used in Peru as a
_ diuretic and febrifuge, also in syphilis. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 692. For
fig. of the root, see Hist. des Drog., t. ii., p. 73; and Goebel und Kunze,
pt. ii, taf. 11, fig. 2.
LYCOPODIACEZ.
658. Lycopopium Criavatum, D.
a. Spores. (Lycopodiwm, Vegetable Sulphur.)
Note. —The spores are used for rolling pills in; as a dusting powder for
infants’ sores ; for imitation of lightning in theatres, by blowing the pow-
der across a jet of flame, and also in fireworks. The spores have a
peculiar structure, by which they can easily be distinguished under the
microscope from all other substances. Pharmacographia, p. 667. For
fig. of spores, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, taf. xlix., fig. 132; Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i, p. 67. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 299.
LICHENES.
654. Crrraria Istanpica, L.
a. Thallus. (Iceland Moss.)
Note.—This foliaceous lichen is indigenous in the north of Britain,
F and is easily distinguished by its fronds being minutely fringed. None is
- exported from Iceland. It yields 70 per cent. of lichenin—a substance
resembling starch—which swells up in cold water, and turns blue with io-
_ dine. Its bitterness may be removed by a solution of carbonate of soda.
q _ Pharmacographia, p. 671. Treated with sulphuric acid, Iceland moss
yields 72 per cent. of glucose. See Bentl. d Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 302.
655. CLADONIA RANGIFERINA, Hoffm.
a. Reindeer moss.
f Note.—This fruticulose lichen is common in heathy places. It is used
in this country chiefly by bird-stuffers for ornamenting the inside of
eases. For fig. of plant, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 21.
656. GyropHora pusTUEATA, Ach.
a. Thallus. — ss
Note.—Several species are employed as food in the Artis regions, ~
under the name of tripe de roche. This species is common on boulders
and subalpine rocks from Devonshire to Scotland. It is easily recog-
nised by its mealy appearance, and saucer-shaped, blistered oy.
napa lle mama! tsa It is a foliaceous lichen. ; “=
i?
—— >t . é : o iw
SN s > a ee
657.
658.
659.
660.
661.
662.
160
GyROPHORA VELLEA, Hoffm.
a. Thallus.
Note.—This is the species figured by Pereira in his Mat. Med., vol. ii.,
pt.i., p. 20, fig. 19, right-hand figure. It is one of those known under the
name of tripe de roche. It is also found in this country on alpine rocks.
LECANORA TARTAREA, D.
a. Thallus.
b. Ditto, prepared.
c. Ditto. (Ground Oudbear.)
Note.—Cudbear is made, like litmus, by the action of air and am-
moniacal liquor upon the above species and other lichens. The name
cudbear is a corruption of Cuthbert, the christian name of Dr. C. Gor-
don, under, whose management it was first manufactured at Leith, in
1777. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 37. Lecanora tartarea is a
crustaceous lichen.
PARMELIA PERLATA, D.
a. Thallus.
Note.—This lichen forms No. 2 qunitey of Socotra orchella weed. It
is one of the commonest lichens on trees and rocks in this country.
PELTIGERA CANINA, L.
a. Thallus.
Note.—This foliaceous lichen is sold by herbalists under the name of
ground liverwort, and is used by them for liver complaints. It is very
common in hedge-banks in damp, hilly districts; and is readily recog-
nised by its grey colour and broad fronds, which are white and fibrous
underneath. It is, however, chiefly imported from Germany. For fig.,
see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 19, fig. 16.
Roccetta TrncToriA, D.C.
a. Thallus. (Lima thick Orchella Weed.)
Var. p Hypomecua, Ach.
a. Thallus with apothecia, from the Cape de Verde Islands.
RocceLLA FUCIFORMIS, Ach.
a. Thallus. .(Orchella Weed.)
b. Ditto, ditto, with apothecia, from Madagascar.
-¢. Ditto. (Socotra Orchella Weed, Shennah, no. 1 quality.)
d. Ditto, from Aden. Presented by Dr. J. Vaughan.
e. Litmus.
f. Orchil.
Note.—Roccella fuciformis occurs in this country only in the extreme
south of England, as in Devon, Cornwall, Isle of Wight, and Jersey; but
not in sufficient quantity for commercial purposes. Roecella tinctoria
does not occur in Britain; R. phycopsis has usually been mistaken for it.
Specimens b, c, and d consist chiefly of R. Montagnei, which differs from
R. fuciformis in being flaccid. R. phycopsis is readily distinguished by
its cylindrical branches, dense habit, and the yellow colour of its point
of attachment to the rock. For fig., see Bentley and Trimen, Med.
Plants, tab. 301. Orchil is made by mixing the powdered orchella weed
with urine, and exposing it to the air. To make litmus, potash, soda, or
lime is added. See Per. Mat, Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 33.
{
> .
eS
Srrora PULMONARIA, Ach. (Lungwort, Oss Lungs, Hazel Rag,
665.
Hazel Oroitles.)
a. Thallus.
bier foliaceous lichen is common in this country on trees
in damp subalpine woods, and is readily recognised by its reticulated
thallus. See Per. Mat, Med., vol. ii., pt. i., fig. 18. It is sold by her-
balists as a remedy in pulmonary affections. In Siberia, in which coun-
try it appears to be more bitter, it is used as a substitute for ee in
eae See also Treas. Bot., p. 1099.
FUNGI,
664. Acaricus campestris, D.
a. Mycelium. (Mushroom Spawn.)
Note.—The mycelium consists of white branched cottony threads, It
is the vegetative organ of the fungus, the mushroom being the reproduct-
ive organ. True mushrooms are recognised by the flesh turning pink,
not yellow, when injured, and by the gills being pink at first and after-
wards black. The spores are borne upon the gills, and may easily be
collected for the microscope by placing a mushroom upon a piece of
white paper for a few hours, when the spores will appear as a dark stain
on the paper.
The mushroom belongs to the natural order Hymenomyecetes.
CLavicers PuRPUREA, T'ulasne.
a. Sclerotium. (Ergot of Rye.) Two specimens.
b. Ditto. (Ergot of Wheat.)
Note.—Sclerotium is the name given to a mycelium when hard and
compact. It consists of minute jointed threads compacted together.
These threads are called hyphx. The sclerotium is the vegetative organ
of the fungus, the reproductive organ of the fungus not being developed
’ until the succeeding spring. See Pharmacographia, p. 675; and for fig.
of the fungus, Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 105, fig. 68; Cooke, British
Fungi, p. 772, fig. 369. This fungus belongs to the natural order
Spheriacei. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 303. P.J. [3],
vol. i., p. 702.
666. ELAPHOMYCES GRANULATUS, Fries.
a. Fungus. (Lycoperdon Nuts, Hart’s Truffles, Deer Balls.)
Note.—This fungus, like the truffle, grows entirely underground. It
was formerly used in promoting parturition and the secretion of milk,
and also as an aphrodisiac. For fig. see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p.49. The fungus is a native of Britain and is found in dry heathy
ground, This fungus belongs to the natural order Tuberacei.
667. Exip1a Avricuna-Jupa, Fr.; Hirnzoia Avricuna-Jupa, Berk.
(Jew’s Ear.)
a. Fungus. |
Note.—This specimen was presented by Prof. Batka, of Prague. It
consists in part of Phlebia mesenterica (Auricularia mesenterica, Bull), a
fungus much resembling it in appearance, but forming extended patches,
while Jew’s ear grows in isolated cup-shaped pieces. Jew’s ear grows
chiefly on elder trees. For fig. see Cooke, Brit. Fungi, vol. i., p. 849.
= M
667.
668.
669.
670.
671.
162
Exipra Avricuta-Jup# (continued).
and for Auricularia mesenterica, p. 319. Other species are often substi-
tuted for it, but may be distinguished by not swelling up in water nor
becoming gelatinous. Another species of Jew’s ear (E. hispidula) is used
in China and Japan as a food, under the name of moghi (tree-ears), and
also in some parts of India. In this country it was formerly used as an
astringent in sore throat; also like a sponge to apply collyria to the eye.
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 52. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 704. This
fungus belongs to the natural order Tremellini. See also Dr. Porter
Smith, Mat. Med. China, p.99. P.J. [8], vol. i., p. 681.
MorcHe.ia escutenta, L.
a. Fungus. (Morel.)
Note.—The morel is a native of Britain, occurring in shady woods, but
is imported from the Continent for sale in Covent Garden Market, ete.
It is chiefly used as a flavouring ingredient in cookery. Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. i, p. 53; and for ‘fig. p. 54, fig. 45. This fungus belongs to
the tates order Helvellacel.
Myuirra Laripescens, Horan. (Carom-pallagum of Travancore.)
a. Fungus. (Lui-hwan of China.)
Note.—This fungus is used in China for worms, several infantile
diseases, and impotency. Its Chinese name, signifying thunder-balls, is
given to it from its asserted power of destroying worms and casting out
devils. Porter Smith, Chinese Mat. Med., p. 154. In Travancore it is
used for urinary complaints. See P. J. [2], vol. ii., p. 546.
Pacuyma Cocos, Fries.
a. Mycelium. (Indian Bread, Tuckahoo, Fuh-ling.)
Note.—This substance is similar in appearance to the rhizomes of
Smilax China, but may be distinguished by not containing starch. It is
white inside, with usually a reddish tinge towards the outside. It is
usually met with in fir plantations, and is often attached to the roots of
the trees. It is said by Porter Smith to be exported to India under the
name of Chob-China. See Porter Smith, Chinese Mat. Med,, pp. 165 and
198, art. Smilax. It is composed almost entirely of pectine. It is used
in febrile and dyspeptic complaints and also made into small square
cakes with rice flour, which are sold for food in Hankow. See P.J. [8],
vol. iii., p. 763 ; [2], vol. iii., p. 421. For fig. of the fuh-ling, see Linn.
Trans., vol. xxiii., p. 94; and Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. iii., Bot., p. 102.
PoLYPORUS FOMENTARIUS, F'r. (Dingy-hoof Polyporus.)
» a Fongus.
b. Ditto, prepared. (Amadou.) Two specimens.
Note.—This fungus is found chiefly on the oak and birch. Amadou is
made by cutting it into slices, and beating it. It is used for corn plaister,
etc., and has the advantage over lint of not losing its elasticity. German
tinder is formed by soaking it in a solution of nitrate of potassium, The
Polyporus belongs to the natural order Polyporei, in which the hyme-
nium, or spore-bearing surface, lines numerous tubes instead of gills.
;
;
= ‘
Ney
o
€,
674.
675.
676.
677.
163
. PoLyporus OFFICINALIS, Fries.
a. Fungus. (White, or Larch, or Female Agaric.)
Note.—This fungus is a native of the South of Europe and Asia, and
grows upon the larch. It has a bitter acrid taste, and was formerly used
as an emetic and cathartic, and as an anti-sudorific in phthisis. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 55. It was formerly an ingredient in
hiera picra. See Pomet, Hist. of Drugs, p. 172.
. Puccrnta Graminis, Pers. (Corn Mildew.)
a, Fungus.
Note.—This fungus is very common on wheat. It is found on the
stems, etc. It belongs to the natural order Puccinizi.
Spuzria Sryensis, Berk.
a. Fungus and caterpillar.
Note.—This curious fungus is figured in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt.i.,
p. 52, and in P. J. [1), ii, p. 591. It is a fungus which grows upon
the larva of a moth, and is said to possess cordial and restorative proper-
ties. It is very scarce; old and rotten specimens being worth four times
their weight in silver. See P. J. [1], ii., p. 592. A similar fungus is
found in New Zealand on the larva of Hepiolus virescens, Doubleday.
See P. J. [1], iv., p. 206.
Tuser xstivom, Sibth.; Tuser crparium, Sow. (Truffle)
a. Fungus.
Note.—Truffles are chiefly used as a flavouring agent for culinary pur-
poses. Truffles grow beneath the surface of the ground in beechwood or
chalky downs, and are hunted for by dogs or pigs trained for the purpose
which find them by the peculiar odour of the fungus. See Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 51. Like many other fungi they have been stated
to possess aphrodisiac properties. They belong to the natural order
Tuberacei.
ALG AS.
ALSIDIUM HELMINTHOCORTON, Kutz. ; PLOCARIA HELMINTHOCORTON,
Endl.
a. Thallus. (Corsican Mose.)
Note.—This seaweed is used in Corsica as a remedy for intestinal
worms, especially ascarides. For fig. of the plant, see Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt.i., p.17. It belongs to the natural order Rhodomelew.
CHONDRUS crIsPUS, Lyngb.
a. Thallus. (Carragheen Moss, Irish Moss.)
Weed —Irish moss is often mixed with other species of algw of which
the most frequent are Gigartina mamillosa, J. A., and G. acicularis,
Lamour. G. mamillosa is distinguished by being slightly channelled
towards the base, and by having the fructification in little elevated or
stalked tubercles—-that of ©. crispus being immersed in the frond, or
searcely raised above it. G. acicularis has a filiform thallus with di-
varicate branches. All, when growing, are of a purplish colour, which
changes during drying into yellowish green or white. Pharmacographia,
p- 681. For fig. see Per. Mat. Med., vol.ii., pt.i., pp. 10,11; and Bentley
and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 305.
=
* -~
164
678, Evcuzvma spinosa, J. Ag.
a. Thallus. (Agar Agar.)
Note.—This seaweed has been imported into this country under the — q
name of Agar Agar, and has been used in the form of gelatine, for
dressing silks and other textile fabrics. According to Professor Archer, it
has also been imported under the name of Ceylon Moss. See P. J. [1],
vol. xiii., pp. 313, 448. It belongs to the natural order Sphxrococcoidem.
679. Fucus vesicutosus, L. (Bladder Wrack, Sea Oak, Sea Lettuce.)
a. Thallus. :
Note.—This Fucus is distinguished from the other species by. the
thallus having a midrib, and by not being serrate ; also by the numerous
air-bladders in the frond. It is of a blackish brown colour. It was —
at one time recommended as a remedy for obesity. P.J. [2], vol. iv.,
p. 131; [2], vol. viii., p. 616. Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 709. . It belongs to
the natural order Fucacex. See Bentl. & Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 304.
680. GiGARTINA MAMMILLOSA, J. Ag.; CHONDRUS MAMMILLOSUS, Grev.
a. Thallus.
Note.—This seaweed is a native of this country. Itis frequently met
with in commerce intermixed with Chondrus crispus, from which it may
be readily distinguished by the presence of numerous stalked tubercles
scattered over the upper portion of the frond, and by the lower portion
of the frond being channelled. See Pharmacographia, p. 681. For fig.,
see Per. Mat, Med., vol. ii., pt. i, p. 11. The plant belongs to the
natural order Gigartinex.
681. GRACILARIA LICHENOIDES, Grev.; SPHHROCOCCUS LICHENOIDES,
Agardh. ; PLocaria canpipa, Nees. é
a. Thallus. (Ceylon Moss, Jaffna Moss.)
Note.—This seaweed is used like Carragheen Moss. It is the Agar
Agar Carang of the Malays. For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i.,
p. 14. See also Pharmacographia, p. 260. It is official in the Indian
Pharmacopeia. It belongs to the natural order Sphexrococcoider.
i,
CHEMICAL MUSEUM.
Some ofthe rarer or very expensive chemicals will be found in Case I.
in the Chemical Museum. These specimens are indicated by t.
Those specimens which are placed under shades are marked thus *.
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
HYDROGEN. H.
1. Peroxinz. H,0,. (Hydroxyl, Hydric mip are 3
a. Commercial specimen.
Note.—This is the ordinary aqueous solution: the old “ oxygenated
water.”
NITROGEN. N.
|
_ —-&. Nirrosrt, Catone. NOCL (Ohloronitrous Gas. Monochloride
| of Nitrosyl.)
a. Condensed gas, in a hermetically sealed glass tube.
i
Note.—This specimen was prepared by Dr. Tilden, whose researches
in connection with it are recorded in the Journ, Chem. Soc., 1874, p. 630.
3. Nirrous Anuypripvge. N,O;. (Nitrogen Triowide, Anhydrous Ni-
trous Acid. )
a. Condensed gas, not quite pure.
Note.—This specimen was condensed by means of a freezing mixture.
Nitrous anhydride before exposure to the air condenses into a dark blue
liquid, but emits a red vapour which is soluble in the blue liquid. This
specimen having been very carefully prepared, is of a blue colour.
4. Nireic Peroxipzr. NO,. (Nitrogen Tetrowide, Hyponitric Acid,
Nitroso-nitric Anhydride.)
a. Condensed gas, in a hermetically sealed glass tube.
Note.—This specimen was condensed by means of a freezing mixture.
At 62° F. this specimen remains a brownish yellow liquid. Specimens
8 and 4 were presented by Messrs. Hopkin and Williams.
CARBON. C.
5. CRYSTALLINE.
a. Models of the koh-i-noor and other diamonds.
Note.—This specimen will be found in the central case, in which per-
fect crystals and models of crystalline forms are contained.
- a
-
166
CARBON.
b. Graphite. (Plumbago, or Black Lead.)
Note.—This specimen came from Travancore ; it was presented by Dr.
Waring.
6. AMORPHOUS.
a. Anthracite. (Stone Ooal, Culm.)
b. Jet, from Whitby.
c. Glance coal. (Metallic Carbon.)
Note.—This kind of carbon is deposited on the inside of gas retorts.
* d. Glance coal, deposited on a burnt whisp of straw.
Note.—This specimen was deposited from a jet of coal gas at a high
temperature in a coke oven.
* e. Boghead coal. (Zorbanite, Torbane Hill Mineral.)
Note.—This, specimen was presented by Professor Attfield. It bears
the impression of a Sigillaria. It is a specimen of the mineral from
which paraffin oil was first obtained for commercial purposes. An ana-
lysis of this specimen by Prof. Attfield, yielded 36 per cent. of crude paraf-
fin oil.
f. Brown coal. (Lignite.)
Note.—This specimen came from Germany. It was presented by Prof.
Attfield. According to his analysis, it yields by distillation paraffin oil
at the rate of 60 gallons per ton.
The term lignite is sometimes improperly applied to brown coal.
Strictly speaking, lignite is intermediate between wood and brown coal,
being distinguished from all varieties of coal by yielding acetic acid and
acetate of ammonium, instead of an ammoniacal liquor. See Ure, Dict.
Mines, vol. ii., p. 870; vol. i., p. 497.
g. Wood charcoal, from willow wood.
Ditto, from acacia wood.
Note.—These specimens illustrate the kind of wood charcoal used for
medicinal purposes, for which woods containing a small percentage of
mineral matter are necessary.
h. Animal charcoal. (Bone Black, Carbo Animalis, B.P.)
t. Ditto, purified. (Carbo Animalis Purificatus, B.P.)
7. Bisunpuipe. CS,. (Carbonic Disulphide, pip hencarbame Acid.)
a. Commercial specimen.
.b. Purified by digestion with copper filings.
c. Purified, and free from disagreeable odour.
8. Dicutoripe. C Cl,. (Tetrachloride of Carbon, Bichloride of Carbon,
Carbonic Chloride, Perchlorinated Chloride of Methyl, Per-
chloroformene. )
a. Pure. : ; . :
CHLORINE. Cl. %
a Aron, Cl, Hy O. 7
a, Preserved in a hermetically staled tube.
Note. —This specimen was prepared and presented by Dr. A. Senier.
10. Percatortc Act. HCI Q,. .
+ a. Dilute acid.
BROMINE. Br.
11. Brome.
a. Commercial specimen.
IODINE. I.
12. Kewp.
a. Seaweed ash.
b. Ditto, prepared in Ireland.
13. Ioprne.
a. Crude iodine, prepared in Scotland.
5 b. Ditto, prepared in Chili.
| c. Resublimed in crystals.
14. Iopic Acip. HI O,.
t+ a. In crystals.
FLUORINE. F.
3 15. Smico-rtvoric Acio, 4H FSiF,. (Hydro-Auosilicie Acid.)
a. Aqueous solution. ;
SULPHUR. S&S.
16. CrysTaLLine.
a. Native sulphur in crystals.
Note.—This variety is of frequent occurrence in collections of Indian
‘ drugs.
b. Crystals obtained by sublimation. (Pseudomorphic
Sulphur.)
Note.—When first prepared these crystals were translucent; their
opacity is due to their becoming split up internally into minute crystals,
which have the crystalline form of specimen a.
17. AMORPHOUS.
a. Crude sulphur.
Note.—This specimen consists of native sulphur partially purified by
fusion. be -
b. Sulphur condensed on alum heaps during the com- —_
_bustion of alum shale.
Note.—For alum shale see the central case containing the minerals of ny
‘the alkatine metale ond of the alkaline earths. } -
” .
WMI.
i
168
Supuur. :
ce. Sublimed sulphyr, in powder. (Flowers of Sulphur,
Sulphur sublimatum, B.P.)
d. Ditto, washed. (Sulphur lotum.)
Note.—This specimen differs only from specimen c in having been
washed with water to remove traces of sulphurous or sulphuric acid.
e. Sulphur fused into sticks. (Roll Sulphur, Stone Brim-
stone, Sulphur in rotulis, Sulphur in bacculis.)
f. Sulphur, precipitated. (Sulphur precipi BP.,
Pure Milk of Sulphur.)
g. Ditto. (Sulphur precipitatum, P.L., 1746, Colina Milk
of Sulphur.)
Note.—This article was official in the London Pharmacopeias until
the year 1809, when it was replaced by the pure article represented by
specimen f. Specimen g owes its satiny lustre to minute crystals of
sulphate of calcium, which it contains in large quantity. See P. J. [2],
vol. ix., p. 537.
h. Hlectro-positive sulphur. .
Note.—This specimen was made by precipitating a solution of hypo-
sulphite of sodium with hydrochloric acid. It differs from ordinary
sulphur in being insoluble in bisulphide of carbon, and in being soluble
_in bisulphide of potassium ; but this peculiarity is lost by age.
t. Black sulphur. (Sulphur Vivum, Horse Brimstone.)
Note.—This is a very impure substance.
18. Cutoripg. §,Cl,. (Protochloride of Sulphur, Bisulphide of
Chlorine, Sulphur Monochloride.)
a. Liquid.
Note.—This specimen is probably a Litt of 8, Cl, and § Cl,.
19. Iopipzr. S, I, (Sulphur Iodidum, B.P.)
a. Commercial specimen. -
Note.—When prepared, this specimen was of a greyish black colour,
but has lost iodine on exposure to the air, and consequently is indefinite
in composition.
20. Hypocutoripe. (Hypochlorite of Sulphur.)
a. Powder.
Note.—This is an indefinite compound of chloride of sulphur and
sulphur. Itis liable to explode spontaneously. See P.J. [3], vol. viii., p. 38.
21. SunpHurous AnuyprIpE. S Oy.
a, Condensed gas in a hermetically sealed glass tube.
Note.—This specimen was condensed by means of a freezing mixture.
It was presented by Messrs. Hopkin and Williams.
22. Sunpnurous Acip. (Acidum Sulphurosum. B.P.)
a. Aqueous solution.
Note.—For remarks concerning the manufacture of this acid, see P. J.
[1], vol. xviii., p. 512.
* 98, SuupHuric Axnypeme. 805. (Sulphuric Oxide, Triowide of
Sulphur, Anhydrous Sulphuric Acid.) ‘
a. In white acicular crystals.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Messrs. Hopkin and Williams.
24. Sutenuric Aci. (Oil of Vitriol, Vitriolic Acid.)
a. Commercial acid, impure. Sp. gr., 1843.
b. Purified. (Acidwm Sulphuricum, B.P.)
-¢. Glacial sulphuric acid. (Hydrate of Sulphuric Acid.)
Note.—This specimen has a sp. gr. of 1:78. At 47° F. this hydrate
forms large prismatic crystals. Formula H, 8 0, H, O.
d. Fuming sulphuric acid. (Nordhausen Sulphuric Acid.)
SELENIUM. Sx.
25. Merator.
+ a. Crystalline.
t+ b. Amorphous.
Note.—Specimen } consists of a medallion made of amorphous sele-
nium in honour of Berzelius, the discoverer of this element, and bears
an impression of his bust upon it.
For remarks upon the allotropism of selenium, see P. J. [1], vol. xvi.,
p. 169.
26. Sxtznious Acip. H, Se Os.
+ a. Crystals.
Note.—The red tint of this specimen is due to the presence of free ©
selenium. The crystals have deliquesced slightly although efflorescent in
dry air.
27. Setenic Acip. H, Se O,.
t a. Liquid.
TELLURIUM. Te.
28. Merattom.
+ a. In small nodules.
29. TeLiveipe or Bismura.
+ a. Native, in small crystals.
Note.—See also a specimen in the central case, No. 8.
BORON. B.
30. MErALLoIp.
t+ a. Crystals.
+ b. Amorphous.
31. Boracic Annypripg. B, O,. -
; a. Obtained by heating boracic acid.
82. Boracic Actp. H,BO . (Boric Acid, Homberg’s Sedative Salt.)
a. Crude, obtained from the lagoons of Tuscany.
iy
Rae ly ae a Tia
Dieatna Aci.
33.
34.
36.
37.
38.
39.
42.
. Acetate. KO, H;0O9. (Potasse Acetas, B.P., Diuretic Salt.)
b. Purified by ptabinnian from alcohol. bre
¢. Ditto, by recrystallization from water. ae
~ §ILICON. Si.
METALLOID. :
t+ a. In crystals.
+ b. Amorphous.
_—
Suicic Avuypewe. SiO,. (Silica, Silicie Acid, Silicie Oxide.)
a. Precipitated. 4
Note.—This specimen was obtained by passing gaseous fluoride of
silicon into water.
For various specimens of crystallized silica, see the collection of minerals
in case No. 8, in the centre. of the Chemical Museum.
b. Prepared by calcination of flint.
PHOSPHORUS. P.
. CRYSTALLINE.
a. Commercial specimen, fused into sticks.
b. Ditto, coated with white opaque phosphorus.
c. Ditto, ditto, red ditto. ;
d. Ditto, ditto, black ditto.
AMORPHOUS.
a. Commercial specimen. (Red Amorphous Phosphorus.)
b. Pure, for medicinal purposes.
c. Impure, partially decomposed into phosphatic acid.
PaospHoric ANHYDRIDE. P, O;. (Pentowide of Phosphorus, Anhy-
drous Phosphorie Acid, Phosphoric Oxide.)
a. Commercial specimen.
PuospHoric Actioh. HPO, (Glacial Phosphoric Acid, Metaphos-
phoric Acid.)
a. Commercial specimen.
* }. Very fine specimen, presented by Mr. Morson.
PxospHoric CuLoripe. PCl,. (Pentachloride of Phosphorus,
Perchloride of Phosphorus.)
a. Commercial specimen.
MONAD METALS.
POTASSIUM. K.
. Meran. hy
a. Preserved from oxidation in Persian naphtha. al
a. In fused masses.
Biy-antimontate. K,Sb,0,. (Cale Antimonialis.)
a. Powder.
! 2 — | gh
P48. Potassium Ansewirs. KH, As0,. (Potassium. Binarseniate,
: Potassium Dihydric Arseniate, Macqueer’s Salt.)
‘ a. Crystals.
_ 44. Bororartrarte.
a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.
_ 45. Bromipe. K Br.
a. Crystals, a commercial specimen.
b. Ditto, deliquescent.
Ditto, in the form of small cubes.
. Ditto, in large opaque cubes.
. Ditto, in hollow tetrahedrons.
Ditto, in large crystals. Presented by Messrs. Atkinson
& Co.
* g. A mass of fine crystals. Presented by Messrs. Hopkin
& Williams. .
Note.—Specimen b probably owes its deliquescent character to the
presence of carbonate of potassium, Specimens c and d probably contain
some iodide of potassium, since specimens of the bromide containing that
| salt usually form finer crystals. See P. J. [1], vol. xvii., p. 259.
46. Carponats. K,C O,.
a. Impure. (Pearlash.)
b. Purified. (Salt of Tartar, Salt of Wormwood, Subcar-
| bonate of Potash.)
. c. Deliquesced. (Oil of Tartar per deliquium.)
| 47. Bicarsonate. KHCO,. (Hydric Potassic Carbonate, Acid
Carbonate of Potassium.)
a. Crystals, commercial specimen.
b. Ditto, fine specimen.
Note.—For fig. of crystal, see.Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 496. Watts,
Dict. Chem., vol. i., p. 792.
| 48. Cutorate. KC1O,. (Oxymuriate of Potash, Kali Chlorinicum,
| Ph. Ger.)
a. Crystals, commercial specimen.
b. Ditto, fine specimen.
ec. Ditto, chemically pure.
Note.—For fig. of crystal, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 511.
49. Percnatorate. K ClO,
| a. Crystals. aw
Note.—These crystals are different in shape from those of the chlorate. Sy
seg Ser Chemistry, vol. iii., p. 62; and for fig., vol. i., pt. i., figs. a
_ 50. Cutorte. KCl. (Muriate of Potash, Febrifuge or Digestive Salt
of Sylvius, Diuretic Sal Ammoniac, Regenerated Sea Salt.) ue
Tho & 8
~
—.
--
172
Porasstum CHLortpr.
51.
52.
53.
4.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
a. Native. (Oarnallite.)
b. Pure, prepared from kelp.
Note.—The mineral carnallite is so called from its flesh colour. For
analysis of it, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 118.
Curomate. K,CrO,. (Yellow Ohromate of Potash, Salt of
Chrome, Neutral or Monochromate of Potassium.)
a. Crystals.
b. In coarse powder.
Note.—Specimen b contains traces of the sulphate and chlorate. For
fig. of crystal, see Gmelin, Chemistry, vol. i., pt. i., fig. 77; and vol. iv.,
p. 144, for the description.
Bicnromats. K,Cr0O,Cr0O,. (Red Chromate of Potash, Acid
Chromate of Potassiwm, Potassic Dichromate.)
a. Crystals, a commercial specimen, not quite pure.
b. Ditto, pure. |
* c. A fine mass of crystals, presented by Mr. Greenhough.
Crrrate. K,0,H;0,. (Tribasic or Neutral Citrate of Potash,
Sal Absinthii Citratum.)
a. Granular Powder (Potasse Citras, B.P.)
b. Crystals.
CyanipE. K Cy.
a. Fused, impure.
b. Ditto, purified.
c. Crystals.
FerrateE. Ky Fe O,.
a. Impure, amorphous.
Ferricyanipe. K, Fe, Cyj.. (Red Prussiate of Potash, Ferri-
cyanuret of Potassium.)
a. Crystals.
_b. Ditto, coated with Prussian blue.
Note.—The coating of Prussian blue was probably caused by exposure
of the crystals to sunlight while they were still damp. For fig. of crystal
see Gmelin, Chemistry, vol. i., pt. i., fig. 66 ; and vol. vii., p. 470.
Ferrocyanipe. K, Fe Cyg.
a. Commercial specimen.
b. Columnar mass of large crystals.
Note.—Specimen b was presented by Mr. Reid, in October, 1842. For
fig. of the crystal, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 532, fig. 85, and wooden
model in the central case in this Museum.
HyprarGyro-cranipeE. K, Hg Cy,.
a. Crystals.
Hyprareyro-1opipg. 2(K I HgI,) 3H, O.
a. Crystals. (Iodo-Hydrargyrate of Potassium.)
178
“60. Porassrum Iopwe. KI. (Hydriodate of Potash.)
& a. Pure, in prismatic crystals.
b. Ditto, in opaque cubes.
c. A mass of large crystals, presented by Messrs. G.
Atkinson & Co.
Note.—Specimens a and c have a yellowish tinge, from the presence of
free iodine. A little carbonate of potassium, when present, prevents
_ discoloration, which always takes place when the pure iodide is exposed
to light. See P. J. [8], vol. iv., p. 669. Specimen b owes its opacity to
excess of acid. See Note by Mr. Southall, P. J., lc. ‘
61. Ioparz. KI Os.
a. Crystals, freed from iodide by alcohol.
62. Manaanate. K, MnO,
a. Fused. (Chameleon Mineral.)
68. Permancanate. K, Mn, Og.
a. Crystals, a commercial specimen.
b. Ditto, pure, prepared by Mr. Siebold.
Note.—For the method by which specimen b was prepared, see P. J.,
[3], vol. vi., p. 441.
64. Nrrrate. KNO,. (Nitre, Saltpetre, Prismatic Nitre.)
a, Crude.
; b. A commercial specimen.
c. Pure.
* d. Very large crystals.
e. Fused, in flat circular cakes. (Sal Prunella, Orystal
Mineral, Nitrum Tabulatum.)
f. Ditto, in small globes. (Sal Prunella Balls.)
Note.—Specimen c is the kind used in the preparation of gunpowder, °
for the manufacture of which it must be very pure. For fig. of the
crystals, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 540.
65. Nirrire. KN Oy.
a. Fused, impure.
b. Purified by solution in alcohol.
Note.—Specimen a probably contains some nitrate.
66. Osmiate. K, Os O,, 2H, O.
+ a. In powder.
67. Oxatate. K, C,0,, 2H, O.
a. Crystals.
68. Bryoxatats. K HC,0,,2H,O. (Diowalate of Potassium, Dipo-
tassic Oxalate, Salt of Sorrel.)
a. Crystals. : .
Note.—This is the salt found in wood sorrel (Oxalis Acetosella, L.),
five hundred parts of the plant yielding about four parts of the salt. See
Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt, ii., p. 414.
i?
7 "pee =
+4
69.
70.
ree
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
174
Potassium QuaproxataTE. KHC,0,,H,0,0,,2H,0. (Tetrow-
alate of Potassiwm, Salt of Sorrel, Sal Ba ao: Essential
Salt of Lemons.)
a. Crystals.
Sutpnate. K,SO,4. (Sal Polychrest, Sal de Duobus, Kali
vitriolatum.) : :
a. Crude, obtained from kelp.
b. Purified.
c. In small crystals.
Note.—For fig. of crystals, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 503, figs.
78-80.
Bisutpoate. KHSO,. (Acid Sulphate of Potassium, Hydric
Potassic Sulphate.)
a. Fused. (Sal Eniwan.)
b. In acicular crystals. (Anhydrous Bisulphate of Potash.)
c. In flattened rhombic crystals.
Note.—Specimen b consists of crystals which, if left in their mother-
liquor, disappear and give place to crystals like those of specimen c.
Fownes, Chemistry, p. 326.
Sunpuipe. (Sulphuret of Potassium, Hepar Sulphuris, Liver of
Sulphur.)
a. Fused.
b. Ditto, oxidized and deliquesced.
Note.—This substance is not a definite chemical compound, but con-
sists in variable proportion of the sulphides with sulphate and thiosul-
phate of potassium. See Fownes, Chemistry, p. 327.
Monosutruipe. K,S.
a. Crystals.
Note.—This salt is probably not a pure monosulphide. See Fownes,
Chemistry. p. 326.
Sutpnocarsotate. K C,H; S O,. (Sulphophenate of Potassiwm.)
a. Crystals.
Sunpwocyanipe. KCyS. (Sulphocyanide of Potassium.)
a. Crystals.
Tarrrats. K,C,H,O,. (Neutral Tartar, Soluble Tartar, Kali
Tartarizatum, Bibasic Tartrate of Potash, Sal Vegetabile.)
a. Crystals.
b. Granular powder.
Note.—For fig. of crystal, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 549, fig. 89.
BirartraTe. KHC,H,O,. (Acid Tartrate of Potash.)
a. Crystals, impure. (Orude Argol.)
b. Ditto, recrystallized. (White. Argol.) ;
c. Powder. (Cream of Tartar.) ;
Pore. | y SODIUM. Na.
78. Sdn.
a. In pellets, preserved from oxidation in Persian naphtha.
b. Fused, in a hermetically sealed glass tube.
79. Acetate. NaC, H, O,, 3H, 0.
a. Impure, i in large crystals.
b. Pure, in crystals.
_¢. Pure, in acicular crystals.
Note.—Specimen ¢ closely resembles the sulphates of zinc and mag-
nesium in appearance. For peculiarities in the crystallization of this
salt, see Gerhardt, Chemistry, vol. i., p. 11.
80. Anrmonute, Na,H,Sb,0,,6H,O. (Metantimoniate of
Sodium.) ,
a. Powder.
81. Arsenats. Na, H AsO, a O. (Arsenate of Sodium, Disodic
Arsenate.) ;
a. Crude.
b. Pure, in crystals. (Sode Arsenias, B. P.)
c. Ditto, dried at 300° F.
Note.—This salt also crystallizes with seven molecules of water of
hydration. When effloresced it also retains seven equivalents of water.
See Attfield, Chemistry, p. 181; Fownes, Chemistry, p. 483. Specimen c
is the form in which the salt is directed to be used in the British Phar-
macopeia in order to secure uniformity of strength in the liquor sod»
arsenitis.
- 82. Broorare. Na,B,O;,10H, 0; possibly a double Metaborate,
- 2NaB Os, 2H B Og, 9H, O.
a. Native. (Tineal.)
b. Pure, in crystals. (Prismatic Boraz.)
c. Pure, in crystals. (Octahedral Boraz.)
Note.—Specimen c contains less water of crystallization than specimen
b, and is crystallized in a different form. See Watts, Dict. Chem., vol. i.,
p. 647. For fig. of crystal, see Royle, Mat. Med., p. 158.
83. Carponate. Na, CO;,10H,O. (Soda, Washing Soda, Salt of
Soda.)
a. Impure. (Barilla, Scotch Soda.)
Note.—Barilla is the ash left after the incineration. of Salsola soda and
other maritime plants. ,
The following specimens illustrate the manufacture of Car-
BONATE OF Sopium from common salt. See Fownes,
Chemistry, p. 333. 4 .
a. Black ash.
b. Residuum after lixiviating black ash. ©
—_—s
oe
a
re eon aq
Soprum CARBONATE.
ec.
d.
é.
Soda ash, or British alkali. (Anhydrous Oarbonate of
Sodium.)
Ditto, ground.
Ditto, purified.
f. Yellow alkali.
ge
h.
Carbonate of sodium in crystals, purified.
Ditto, exsiccated.
Note.—For fig. of crystal, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 560; Phillips,
Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 359.
84. SESQUICARBONATE.
+.a. Native. (Natron, Trona.)
Note.—This mineral is the nitre of Scripture spoken of in Proy.
xxv. 20. The word translated nitre, should have been rendered natron.
85. Broarponate. NaHCO,; (Hydric Sodic Carbonate. Acid
Carbonate of Sodium.)
a.
b.
c.
* d.
Efflorescence from Carbonate of Sodium.
Pure.
Ditto. B. P., 1864.
Fine specimen of crystals of the carbonate, coated with
an efflorescence of bicarbonate.
Note.—Specimen d will be found in the central window ledge of the
Chemical Museum.
86. Cutorats. NaCl Oz.
a.
Pure, in crystals.
87. Cutorwe. NaCl. (Common Salt, Muriate of Soda.)
a.
* b.
C.
d.
é.
f
g-
Native. (Rock Salt, Sal Gemme, Sal Fossilis.)
Ditto, fine specimen.
In hard cubical crystals. (British Bay Salt.)
In minute crystals. (Table Salt, Culinary Salt.)
In hollow pyramidal crystals. (Maldon Salt.)
In crystalline masses. (Bay Salt, Sal Marinus, Sal
Niger.)
In crystalline powder, prepared from kelp.
Note.—Specimen e consists of crystals which form on the surface of the
brine during evaporation, the apex of the pyramid being first formed.
Some tolerably perfect specimens of these crystals may be seen in the
case containing the glass models of crystalline forms (Case 9). See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 586. Specimen ¢ was obtained by slow evaporation,
and specimen d by rapid evaporation of the brine of brine springs.
Specimen f was made from sea water.
88. Hyprats. NaHO. (Caustic Soda.)
a.
b.
Crude, in tabular pieces.
Purified.
c. Pure, from Sodium. -
me
A: a, In granular powder. :
~ 90. Hyrosunraars. NaS, 05. (Dithionate of Sodium.)
al a.
_ 91. Hyposutrnirs. Na,S,0;,5H,O. (Thiosulphate of Sodium,
he Sulphosulphate of Sodium, Antichlor.)
’ ’ | a. Crystals, a commercial specimen.
b. Ditto, purified. (Hyposulphite of Soda, B. P.) ~
-92, Lactare. NaH CO, H, Og.
: a. In semi-crystalline, mamillated pieces.
93. Nirrate. NaNO. (Oubic Nitre, Chili Saltpetre.)
a. Native. (Caliche.)
b. Impure, in crystals.
ce. Pure ditto.
Note.—Specimen a came from Peru. See P. J. [3], vol. vi., p. 264.
94. Nirrire. NaN O,.
a. Impure, fused.
- Note.—This salt is rarely free from nitrate.
95. Nirro-prussipe. Nag (N O) Fe Cy,;,2H, O. (Nitro-ferrocyanide of
Sodium.)
a. Crystals.
Note.—See Fownes, Chemistry,.p. 855.
96. Oxtipze. Na,O. (Sodiwm Monowide, Anhydrous Soda.)
a. Anhydrous, made from sodium.
97. Puospnarr. Na, H P O,4,12H, O. (Tribasie Phosphate of Soda,
Disodic Orthophosphate.)
a. Crystals.
b. In larger crystals.
Note.—Specimen } contains some sulphate and carbonate. Crystals _
containing these impurities are generally larger than those of the pure
salt. For fig. of crystal, see Phillips, Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 362.
98. Ammonio-pHospHate. Na(N H,) HPO, 4H, 0. (Microcosmic
Salt, Phosphorous Salt, Sodium, Ammonium, and Hydrogen
Phosphate.)
5 a, Crystals. ‘
: 99. Prropnospuate. Na, P, O,, 10H, O.
a. Granular powder. (Tetrasodic Pyrophosphate.)
Pi) b. Crystals.
—-«- 100. Sticarz. (Soluble Glass, Water Glass.) ; oe
a a. Crude, in a fused mass. 52 “
“Note. —T his substance varies in composition.
: N
hy?
y r< bee *
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
112.
iy one ae . Mi
Be le | tec i ae
“ ie re ee
. Soprum Srannare. Na, Sn OF 3H, 0. iss ° a
a. Crystals. ,
Sunpnate. NagSO,,10H, 0. (Glauber’s Salt, Sal Mirabit
a. Native,
b. Pure, in crystals. ~
c. Ditto, effloresced.
Note.—For fig. of crystal, see Per, Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 579; Phillips,
Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 365.
Suvpuire. Na,S O,, 7H, O.
. Vatermanate. NaC; Hy Oy.
a, Crystals.
Bisunpuite. NaHS Og.
a. Crystals.
SutpHocarpotate. NaC, H; SO, ‘(Sulphophenate of Sodium.) —
a. Crystals.
Sutpnovinate. NaC,H;SO,. (Sulphoethylate of Sodium.)y
a. Powder. /
Tarrrate. Na, 0, H,0,,2H,0. - .
a, Crystals.
Brrarrrate. NaH C,H, 0,,H, 0. (Acid Tartrate of Sodiwm.)
a. Crystals.
Porasst0-Tarrrate. K NaC, H,0,,4H, 0. (Rochelle Salt,
Seignette Salt.) 44
a. Crystals. 1st crystallization.
b. Ditto. 2nd ditto.
ec. Ditto. 3rd ditto.
d. Ditto. 4th ditto.
Note.—The majority of these crystals are only half crystals of the
typicalform. Some tolerably perfect crystals will be found in the case
containing glass models of crystals (Case 9). For fig. of crystals, see Per.
Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 598; Phillips, Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 364, The
above specimens a, ), illustrate the manufacture of Rochelle salt from
argol,
Tunestate. Na2W OQ,.
a. Impure.
b. Pure, in crystals.
Note.—These specimens consist of the normal salt.
a. In white crystalline pieces.
AMMONIUM. N Hy,
Acurarr, N H, C, H; O,.
a, Oryatala. -
Oa he
AMMO)
nog
SE 3
tis.
-
117.
19.
121.
adel
em
x mk Bromipr. N H, Br.
. BICARBONATE.
. Motyspare. |
20.
ONIU: | Benzoare. NH, C,H, Pax: age
a.
o
a. Crystallized, pure. _
Carponate. N,H,,C,0,. (Sesquicarbonate of Ammonium,
Smelling Salts, Volatile Salt, Salt of Hartshorn.)
a. In crystalline lumps, impure.
~b. Ditto, purified.
c. Impure solution, prepared from the destructive distilla-
_tion of bones. .
d. Ditto, from coal gas.
Note.—This salt is never very definite in composition, but always con-
tains varying proportions of carbonic acid and ammonia.
N H,HCO,.
a. In crystalline masses. ~
b. In powder.
Cutorms. NH,Cl. (Hydrochlorate of Ammonia, Sal Am-
moniac, Muriate of Ammonia.)
a. In crystalline masses.
b. In crystalline powder.
Note.—Specimen b was obtained by evaporating a solution with con-
stant stirring.
(N Hy).MoO,. (Neutral Molybdate of Am-
monium.)
a. In crystalline powder.
. Note.—This specimen was examined by Mr. N. T. Carrington, and was
found to be the neutral salt, the salt usually found in commerce being
the acid salt, NH,HMo0O,. See P. J. [3], vol. v., pp. 362, 376. The
specimen in the Museum is the ene alluded to by Mr. Davies on p. 375.
Nirrate. NH,NO,.
volatile.)
a. Crystals.
b. Ditto, a very fine specimen, presented by Messrs.
_ Hopkin & Williams.
Note.—Specimen a is opaque, from having been dried at a ee
of 300° F. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 471.
Oxatate. (N Hy), C. O,, 2(H, O).
a. In acicular crystals.
PuospHate (N H,), HPO, (Diammonic Phosphate, Noutrgs
Phosphate of Ammonium. ) .
a. In tabular crystals.
(Nitrum Flammans, Nitrwm Semi-
. Amonrum Sutpuare (NH,), S Oy. (Ozysulphide of A
nium, Normal Sulphate of corr oan Glauber’s Secret
Ammoniac.) ' iP “4 %
a, Crystallized, impure. re
b. Ditto, - ditto. |
_¢e. Ditto, purified.
Note.—Specimen a was obtained from the ammoniacal liquor formed _
during the destructive distillation of bones; specimen b, from the am-
moniacal liquor obtained in the process of purifying coal gas.
128. SutpHocarsotats. NH,C,H;S0O,. (Sulphophenate of Am-
moniwm. )
a. Crystallized.
124. SunpHocyanipE. NH, CyS. (Sulphocyanate of Ammonium.) —
a. In yellow crystals:
Note.—This specimen is impure, the colour being probably due to the
presence of mellone, which is formed by decomposition of the salt.
125. Vatermnate. NH,C;H,O,. (Valerate of Ammonium.)
a. A deliquescent crystalline mass.
LITHIUM. L.
126. Merrat.
+ a. Preserved in Persian naphtha.
127. CarponatE. Ly C Ox.
a. Amorphous, in powder,
128. Crrrats. L, C,H; O;.
a. In crystalline masses.
CASSIUM. Cs.
129. Cutoripe. Cs Cl.
+ a. Crystallized.
RUBIDIUM. Rb.
130. Cutorie. RbCl.
+ a. Crystallized.
SILVER, orn ARGENTUM. Ag.
131. Meractic.
+ a. Beaten into very thin sheets. (Silver Leaf.)
+ b. Pure, in small pieces. | aaa
132. Curomare. Ag,Cr0,CrO,. (Acid Chromate of Silver.) Se
+ a. Dark-brown crystalline powder. Rie
133. Nirrare. Ag N O,.
+ a. Crystals.
at
oh ay | nae
o Hires | :
ra b. Fused, in sticks.
-Note.—The crystals much resemble those of -potassic chlorate in
— 4 appearance, but are more transparent and heavier.
184. Oxtozr. Ag, O. (Argentic Oxide, Monoxide of Silver.)
+ a. Brown powder.
DYAD METALS.
: BARIUM. Ba.
135. Carsonate. BaC Os.
a. Native. (Witherite.)
b. In powder, impure, precipitated by soda.
ce. Ditto, purified, precipitated by ammonia.
136. Cutorare. Ba 2Cl 0,, H, O.
a. Crystallized.
137. Catone. BaCly, 2H, O.
a. Crystallized, impure.
b. Ditto, purified.
138. Ferrate. Ba Fe O,.
a. In powder of a purplish red colour.
Note.—This specimen was prepared by Professor Redwood.
139. Nrrrats. Ba2N Os, 5H, 0. (Nitrate o Baryta.)
a. Crystallized, impure.
b. Ditto, purified.
140. Oxipe. BaO. (Monozide of Barium.)
a. Anhydrous, in powder.
b. Hydrated in crystals, BaH,O,. (Hydrate of Baryta.)
141. Peroxine. BaO,. (Diowide of Barium.)
a. In powder. 4 .
142. Surpnate. BaS O,.
a. Native. (Heavy Spar, Barytes.)
b. Precipitated. (Blanc Fizxé.)
Note.—Specimen b represents the form in which sulphate of barium is
‘used ag a substitute for white lead in paint.
STRONTIUM. Sr.
148. Carsonats. SrC OQ.
a. Native, in crystallized masses. (Strontianite.)
b. In powder, precipitated by ammonia.
144. Cutorwe. SrCl,. (Muriate of Strontia.)
a. Crystallized. : —?
145, Nrrrare. Sr 2NO,, 5H, O. a
a a. i ;
=a __D. Exsiceated, as used by pyrotechnists.
my
146.
147.
150.
151.
152.
153. Cutoriwe. Ca Cly. .
Srrontium Oxipe. Sr O.
a. Anhydrous, prepared from the nitrate by heat. —
b. Hydrated, in crystals, Sr H, Oz, 8H, oO.
Sutpware. SrS O,.
a. Native, in crystalline masses. (Celestine. )
CALCIUM. Ca.
. Acetate. Ca (C,H; 0,)o.
a. Impure, obtained in the manufacture of acetic acid from
the destructive distillation of wood.
b. Purified.
. Borate.
a. Native, in crystalline nodules. (Hayescine, Borocaleite,
Hydroborocaleite.)
Note.—This specimen came from Singapore. It also contains some
borate of sodium. See Amer. Journ. Se., vol. xlvi., p. 377; vol. xlvii.
p. 215, 1846 ; Dana, Mineralogy, p. 599.
Bouryratg. Ca (C,H, Og)>.
a. In amorphous masses, impure.
b. Crystallized, pure.
Carponate. CaC Og. .
a. Native. (White Marble.)
b. Ditto. (Black Marble.)
c. Ditto. (Ohalk.)
d. Ditto, ditto, prepared by elutriation. (Prepared Chalk,
Oreta preparata, B.P.)
e. Ditto, prepared in China.
f. Ditto, precipitated from the chloride of calcium. (Pre-
cipitated Chalk.)
g. Ditto, in crystalline powder.
Note.—Specimen g is a heavier powder than specimen f, and was pre-
pared by using concentrated solutions, and allowing the precipitate to
remain for some time in the mother-liquor. '
Sop10-CaRBonare.
a. Native. (Gay Lussite.) ig
Note.—For analysis, see Ann. Ch. Phys., vol. xxxi., p. 270; and Dana,
Mineralogy, p. 706. hy.
a. Anhydrous, i impure.
b. Ditto, pure, dried at 400° F. — (Calert Ohloridem, B. Aye
c. Crystallized.
d. Fused, pure.
ne
7 5 s * Var “5 6
a! : P a 7. 4 ‘, .
54 ae 1U u Create. Ca ©, H; 0;, H, 0. (Citrate of Lime.)
, ah Anhydrous. Y
. Hyrocurorire. CaCl, +CaCl,O,. (Chloride of Lime, Ohlo-
, i. . rinated Lime, Cale Ohlorata, B.P.)
-, 4. In powder.
_--—~--s Note.—The chemical composition of this sihelaiien varies with age
and exposure to the atmosphere.
156. Hypornospuire. Ca 2H PO,.
a. Granular powder.
157. Lactate. Ca(C;H; O3),, 5H, O.
. a. In powder.
b. In mamillated crusts.
'158. Matare. CaC, H, O;.
a. In powder.
159. Aci» Matatr. CaC, H, O;, C, H, O;.
a. Crystallized.
160. Oxipe. CaO.
a. Anhydrous, in amorphous masses. (Quwicklime.)
b. Hydrated, in powder. CaH,0O,. (Slacked Lime.)
161. Poospuate. Ca, 2P O,.
a. In powder, impure. (Bone Earth.)
Note.—This specimen contains some carbonate of calcium.
b. In powder, freed from carbonate. (Calcis Phosphas,
B.P.)
162. Paospuive. Ca, P,. (Phusphuret of Calcium.)
a. Amorphous. -
163. Sunpnare. CaS O,.
a. Native. (Gypsum.)
b. Ditto, dried at 228° F. (Plaster of Paris.)
, Note.—For Selenite, ‘Satin Spar, and other minerals containing calcic
sulphate, see the central case containing minerals (Case No. 8).
164 Sunpnocarsonate. Ca(CgH;SO,)>. (Sulphophenate of
Calcium.)
| a, Crystals.
) + b. Very perfect crystals.
Y Note.—Specimen b, consisting of doubly oblique prisms, was prepared
by Mr. T. H. Hustwick. It will be found in the collection of perfect
' tals in the central case containing glass models of crystals see No. 9). -
,
‘
2 :
~
~ » ‘ se
~*~
4
pl ome taal dll a Mien at boa, '5
ry oy. - ve ram S ‘
j : :
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
aes
174. Smicate. Be, Si O,.
a. In powder. (Limoges Beryl.)
- CERIUM. Ce.
175. Merattic.
. Oxipe. BeO.
; : * ™
ALUMINIUM. Al.
Merattic.
a. In the form of sheet and wire. ~
Catoripg. Al, Cl,.
a. Anhydrous, pure.
Oxipg. Al, Og.
a. Anhydrous, pure.
b. Hydrated, pure.
c. Native. (Corwndum.)
_d, Files made of corundum.
e. Ditto. (Hmery.)
SunpHate. Al, 3S O,, 9H, O.
a. Commercial, ampere
b. Pure.
+ c. Crystals formed on an alum ee during combustion.
AmMonio-SuLPHATE. Al, 3S O,, (N Hy), S O,, 24H, O.
a. Crystallized. (Ammonia Alum.)
* b. A large mass of fine crystals. (Presented by Messrs.
Hopkin & Williams.)
Note.—Specimen b will be found in a special glass stand in the north —
window of this Museum. For perfect crystals, see specimens in Case No. 9.
Porassio-sULPHATE. Al, 3S O,, K, S O,, 24H, O.
a. Crystallized. (Potash Alum.)
b. Ditto, coloured with Armenian bole. (Commercial Roche
Alum.) P
c. Ditto. (True Roche Alum, Alum Rupellum, Roman
Alum.)
Note.—The name Roman Alum, is also applied to a white variety. See
Per. Mat, Med., vol. i., p. 664. On the same page will be found a figure
of the crystalline form of alum. In specimen c, the colouring is seen to
form part of the substance of the crystals, while it is only external, and
easily removed by washing in specimen b.
GLUCINUM, or BERYLLIUM. Be.
. CarponaTE. Be C Og.
+ a. In powder.
+ a. In powder.
+ a. Small nodules.
¥y
;
o
.
17. Oxatare. CeC,0,,3H,0. (Cerii Oxalas, BP.)
S ig a. Powder. }
= LANTHANIUM. La.
178. Sutrnate. LaSO,, 3H, O.
a 9 ta. Crystalline powder.
, DIDYMIUM. Di.
179. Sunpwate. DiS O,, 2H, 0.
t+ a. Crystalline Powder.
MAGNESIUM. Mg.
180. Merattic.
a. In the form of wire and ribbon.
181. Carponate. (MgCO,),Mg0, 5H,0. (B.P.)
a. In powder. (Light Carbonate of Magnesia.)
b. Ditto. (Heavy Carbonate of Magnesia.)
c. In cubes.
d. In crystals, having the composition Mg C Og, 3H, O.
Note.—Specimen d consists of crystals deposited from a solution of the
acid carbonate. For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 654. The com-
position of magnesic carbonate in powder is not constant.
* e, Native, a fine specimen, presented by Messrs. Huskis-
son & Co. :
Note.—For analysis, etc., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 685. For specimens
of Dolomite (native calcic carbonate of magnesium), see the central case
containing minerals (Case No. 8).
182. Cuore. MgCl.
a. Anhydrous, as used for preparing magnesium.
b. Crystallized, impure.
ce. Ditto, purified.
_ d. Ditto, fused.
183. Lactate. Mg (C,H; O;),,2H,0.
: | a. In powder.
.184, Oxmpz. MgO.
a. In powder. (Light Magnesia, B.P., Light Calcined
Magnesia.)
s b. Ditto. (Magnesia, B.P., Heavy Calcined Magnesia.) ,
A 185. Stuicare. — 2
: a. Native, prepared for use in trade. c ==
b. Ditto, in powder. >
Note.—For native specimen of this substance, and other minerals contain-
cet een ee ey minerals (Case No. 9). Mi,
~ at ee, * 5° Tell r ee
- ns. - it . bie
“1
we
186
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
(198.
194,
195.
196.
197.
‘ 9 |
. Maenestum Sutpsare. MgS0,, 7H, 0
‘Sutpnire. Mg S O,.
a. reget in large crystals. b a *
C. "Ditto, purified. (Refined Siesom Salt.)
Note.—Specimen a much resembles in appearance ordinary commercial —
specimens of oxalic acid. For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 6565;
Phillips, Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 327.
a. Crystallized.
Sunpwocarsorate. Mg (C,H; 8 0,4)o. (Sulphophenate of Mag-
nesium.)
a. Crystallized.
a. Commercial specimen.
b. Long well-formed large crystals.
Benzoate. Zn 2C, H,; Oy.
_ a. Acicular crystals.
Note.—This substance much resembles in appearance crystallized oxide
of antimony.
Boryrate. Zn (C,H, Og)o.
a. Pure crystalline powder.
Carzonats. Zn COs. ‘oa
a. Pure precipitated. net
Cutorwe. Zn Cly. ~]
a. Fused, impure.
_ 0b. Ditto, freed from iron and other impurities. ¥
Curomate. Zn Cr O,.
a. In yellow powder.
Lactate. Zn Cz H, Os.
a. White, minutely crystalline, mamillated crust.
Oxive. ZnO.
a. Prepared by combustion of the metal. Civbhars:
Oxide of Zinc.)
b. Prepared by calcining the carbonate. (Zinei Oxidum, B.P.)
c. Impure. (Tutia Preparata, Cadmia Fornacum, Tutty
Powder.) 4
Note.—Specimen c consists of the sublimate which collects in the neal ,.
during the roasting of zinc ores. ier Aa cadmium. pga
Mat. Med., vol. i., p, 766. < C/o
ZINC. Zn.
METALLIC. :
a. Granulated.
b. Powdered. .
Acetate. Zn C,H; Oy. ’
228 (ty 1D
ry Waist 1h Ga seigiceelita’ Uo aballcigslalt this” ats by sight trot some
specimens of magnesic sulphate and sodic acetate.
a 09 Supwocarsorare. Zn (C, H; 8 0,)>. y
Si a. i
_-—s *_b. A fine mass of crystals. Presented by Messrs. Hopkin
3 & Williams.
200. Sunpmipe. ZnS.
ae”. a. White powder.
201. Vatermunare. Zn (CO; Hy 0z)o.
a. Pearly crystalline powder.
CADMIUM. Cd.
202. Merattic.
a. Cylindrical sticks.
203. Bromipr. Cd Brg.
. a. Prismatic crystals.
| 204, Carponate. Cd C Os.
, a. White powder.
| 205. Cutoripe. CdCl.
| a. Crystalline powder.
206. Iopipg. Cd I,.
. a. Pearly crystalline scales.
Note.—This specimen has become slightly discoloured from the action
’ of light. :
207. Sutpnipe. CdS8. x
a. In yellow powder. ©
4 COPPER. Cu.
208. Mera.tic.
a, Pure.
_—b, Durnings.
r c. Precipitated.
209. ACETATE. Cu (Cy Hy Os)sHs 0.
i a. Crystals.
7 i b. Powdered.
Copper ACETATE.
c. Powdered. (Verdigris.) .
Note.—Specimen b is a mixture of several basic acetates of copie
prepared by subjecting copper plates to the action of acetic acid.
211. Arsenate. Cuz AsQO,. (Arseniate of Copper.)
a. Green powder. |
212. Arsenire. CuH AsO . (Scheele’s Green.)
a. Light-green powder.
213. Carsonate. CuC O,, Cu H, O,, H, 0.
a. Greenish powder. .
Note.—This specimen was prepared from the sulphate by precipitation
with sodic carbonate. For native carbonate (malachite), see the central
case, No. 9.
b. Blue powder. (Verditer.) —
Note.—This specimen was prepared from the nitrate by precipitation
with calcic carbonate. Formula 2 CuC O;, Cu Hy Og.
214. Cutoripe. CuCl.
a. Green crystals.
215. Curomate. Cu CrQ,,5H, O.
a. Brown powder.
216. Iopipg. Cul.
a. Pale dirty-brown powder.
217. Lacratge. Cu C, H, O,, Hy O.
a. Dark-green crystalline crusts.
218. Nirrate. Cu (N Os), 83H, O
a. Blue crystals.
b. Green powder. Cu;NO,;H,0O. (Basic Nitrate of
Copper.)
219. Oxipe, Cuprous. Cu,O. (Red Owide of Copper, Suboxide of
Copper.)
a. Reddish-yellow powder.
Note.—This specimen was prepared by the process given by Béttger,
Journ. Pharm. et Chem., vol. xc., p. 163.
220. Oxipe Cupric. CuO. (Black Oxide of Copper, Copper
Monowide.)
“a. Black powder. — .
221. Sunpoare. CuSQ,. be
a. Crystals, prepared from copper pyrites. (Commercial
Sulphate of Copper; Blue Stone.)
b. Ditto, purified from iron, ete.
ce. A small column of very transparent matin pret t
by Mr. Ez Richardson. : Ja
, é x
. 52) ate
_ - } < ‘< Seg 1a Sale
vi ee, = a nf
ee ec seh Vices epiunts el tate tases the central case, No. 9.
. nti ag the crystals, see Watts, Dict. Chem., vol. ii., p. 158, figs. 313,
d. Anhydrous, in greenish-white powder.
229, Aumowto-Sutpuare. Cu 2N H,, 8 O,, 6H, O.
a. Dark-blue crystalline powder.
‘ , 5. In large crystals.
4 223. Sutpnips. CuS. (Protosulphide of Copper, Cupric Sulphide. )
ew a. Blackish-green powder.
Note.—For native sulphides of copper, see central case, No. 9.
224. Sutrnirs. Cu,S0O,;. (Cuprous Sulphite.)
a, Maroon-coloured powder.
225. Sunpno-carpotate. Cu(C,H; 8 0,)>.
a. Dark-green crystals.
MERCURY. Hg.
7
; ¥
226. Merattic.
a. Pure.
b. Ditto, “killed” with prepared chalk. (Hydrargyrum
cum Oreta, B.P.)
+ c. Iron bottle in which mercury is imported.
+ d. Wooden ditto, from China. .
227. Acerarr, Mercurous. Hg C, H; Og. (Proto-acetate of Mercury.)
a. Small white scaly crystals.
228. Acetate, Mercurio. Hg (C, Hg Og)¢.
a. Brilliant micaceous crystals.
229. Bromipe, Mercurovs. Hg Br.
a. White powder.
230. Bromipz, Mercurio. Hg Br. (Bibromide of Mercury.)
a. Acicular crystals, deposited from alcoholic solution.
Note.—When deposited from aqueous solution, this salt crystallizes in
silvery lamine.
231. Sg Mercurovs. HgCl. (Subchloride of Mercury,
Calomel, Submuriate of Mercury, Hydrargyrwm Sub-
. chloridum, B.P., Hydrargyrum Chloridum, P.L., Hy-
, drargyrum Muriaticum Mite.)
a. White powder. :
232. CuLoripe, Mercurio. HgCl,. . (Bichloride of Mercwry, Oorro-
sive Sublimate, Hydrargyrum Perchloridum, B.P.)
a. Crystalline masses. F
. Auonto-cHLoripg. NH, Hg Cl.
a. White powder. (White Precipitate, Hydrargyrun Am-
moniatum, B.P.)
>
ay
\,\
“ice Wee
190
234. Mercuric Cranipp. Hg@y,. (Bicyanide of Mercury.)
a. White prismatic crystals.
235. Ioprpz, Mercurovs. Hg I. (Proto-iodide, Green Iodide es
Merewry.)
a. Greenish-yellow powder. (Hydrargyri Iodidum, P.L.;
. Hydrargyri Iodidum Viride, B.P.)
236. Iopie, Mercuric. Hgl,. (Red Iodide of Mercury, Biaiodide
of Mercury.)
a. Bright red crystalline powder. (Hydrargyri Iodidwm
} Rubrum, B.P.)
b. Prismatic crystals, prepared by sublimation.
237. Nirrate, Mercurous. Hg, (NOs)o,2H,O. (Protonitrate of
Mercury.)
a. Crystallized.
b. Crystalline powder, a bea salt 3Hg, 0, N,O,;, 3H, O.
Note.—For means of distinguishing between the protonitrate and the
. basic salt, see Fownes, Chemistry, p. 405. - ;
238. Oxipez, Mercurous. Hg,O. (Protowide, Subowide,. or Grey
Oxide of Mercury.)
a. Greenish-black powder.
239. Oxipr, Mercuric. HgO. (Monowide of Mercury, Red rea of
. Mercury, Red Precipitate.)
a. Red crystalline powder.
b. Orange-red powder, levigated.
c. Ochraceous powder, prepared by precipitation foot f'
mercuric chloride. (Hydrargyri Oxydum Flavum, B.P.
App.)
240. Sunpuatr, Mercuric. Hg SO,.
: a. White crystalline powder.
241. SuLpHATE, Basic. 3 HgOS O,. (Yellow Bicbaltphate of Mercury. )
a. Bright-yellow powder. (Turbith Mineral.)
242. Sunpnipe. HgS. (Bisulphuret of Mercury.) e
a. Crystalline lumps, prepared by sublimation.
b. Powdered. (Vermilion, Cinnabar.)
Note.—For specimens of native cinnabar, see central case, No. 8.
243. SuLPpHIDE wiTH SULPHUR.
a. Black powder. (Hthiops Mineral.) “
244, Sunesocyanate. Hg (CNS)p. Cee of Mercury.)
a. White powder.
Note.—For ape epi of this salt, see Watts, Dict. Chem., vol. v. =_
p. 508. AS
1S Se ST eae
‘TRIAD METALS. —
az ‘ THALLIUM.. Th | #
2465, . Merataze.
. + a, Fused in a hermetically sealed tube, to show the
te silvery metallic lustre. —
A 246. Acetate. TI C,H; Og.
s+ a. In pearly crystalline lumps.
947. Anrmontate. T1Sb,O,. (Antimoniate of Thallium.)
+ a. White powder.
«248, Benzoarz. TIC, H; Og.
+ a. White crystalline lamin.
249, Bromipe. T1 Br.
+ a. Pale yellowish-white powder.
250. Carsonate. TIC Os.
+ a. Dirty-white laminated crystals.
251. Curomate. Tl, Cr Oy.
+ a. Yellow powder.
252. Bicnromatz. Tl, Cr O,Cr Os.
+ a. Orange-yellow powder.
253. Cutorate. T1Cl Os.
+ a. White crystalline powder.
254. Cutoripe. TI Cl.
+ a. White powder.
- 255. Sesquicutormwe. TI, Cl,
: + a. Minute sulphur-coloured crystalline scales.
256. Pxiatino-cutoripg. 2T1 Cl, Pt Cl,
~ + a. Buff-coloured powder.
257. Tops. TIT.
; + a. Sulphur-coloured powder.
--—- 258. Monyspate. Tl, Mo O,.
; + a. White powder.
259. Nivrate. T1 NO.
+ a. Small white shining prismatic crystals.
260. Oxanate. Tl, Cy Oy.
\ _ + a, White shining acicular crystals.
ss 261. Prroxipz. Ti, Os.
c. + a. Puce-coloured powder.
ae’ + b. Ditto, impure. =
Note.—Specimen } consists of the * flue dust,” obtained in roasting
thalliferous iron pyrites, containing from one-sixth to eight per cent. of
the metal. Pee ii ee ets BB 9-0. 742.
—:
ag ’
*
t\
265.
269.
. TaaLiium Prcrate. T1C,H(N Og), 0. iGashascpaiogy
. Smicatm TI Si Og.
. Sonpnats. Tl,SO,. (Thallous Sulphate.)
. METALLIC.
. Cutoripg, Auric. AuCl,. (Terchloride of Gold.)
. Sopro-cutoripE. NaCl Au Cl.
. Oxipn, Auric. Au,O,. (Terowide of Gold.)
+ a. Yellow acicular crystals.
t+ a. White powder.
+ a. Small white prismatic crystals.
Note.—These crystals are very similar in appearance to those of
strychnia.
Sonpnate with Atumiiom Sutesate. TIAIS O,, 12H, 0.
(Thallium Alum.)
+ a. Octahedral crystals.
. Sunp-antrmoniate. 38 TI, S Sb, §;,.
+ a. Reddish-brown powder.
. Anrmonto-rartrate. 2TISb, C,H, 0,. (Thallio-tartrate of
Antimony.)
+ a. White prismatic crystals. _
Note.—These crystals are very similar to those of the sulphate in
shape and general appearance, but differ in having numerous minute
transverse striz.
. Brrarrrate. Tl, C, Hy Og.
+ a. Transparent prismatic crystals.
Tounestate. Tl, WO,
+ a. White powder.
Note.—The above series of specimens of Thallium compounds was
presented by Messrs. Hopkin and Williams. For an account of the
literature of Thallium, see Journ. Chem. Soc., vol. xvii., pp. 112-152.
INDIUM. In.
. METALLIC.
+ a. Small piece of the metal in sheet.
GOLD, or AURUM. Au.
+ a. Beaten into very thin sheets. (Gold Leaf.)
+ a. Brownish-yellow crystals.
+ a. Orange-yellow crystals.
+ a, Pale-brown powder. .
Note.—This oxide, when freshly prepared, is of a chestnut-brown colour, is
but becomes partially reduced and ota pele ee ee »
‘
a
|
'¢
+
ik ‘a Dackiperple mete (Purple cers
Note —The composition of this eubstance is not exactly known.
TETRAD METALS.
PLATINUM. Pt.
is
276. Merattic.
~~ ta. Native, in small grains.
+ b. In foil and wire.
t ¢. In greyish spongy lumps, reduced from the ammonio-
chloride. (Spongy Platinum.)
+ d. Intensely black powder, very finely divided by chemical
means. (Platinum Black.)
277. Cutoripr, Pratiic. Pt Cl,
+ a. Deliquescent yellowish-brown granules.
278. Ammonto-cutorips. 2NH,Cl PtCl,.
+ a. Yellow crystalline powder.
PALLADIUM. Pd.
279. Merattic.
+ a. In foil and wire.
+ b. In dark-grey powder. (Palladium Sponge.)
280. Oxipz. Pd O.
+ a. Black powder. (Palladous Oxide, Monoxide of Palla-
oe
dium.)
- RHODIUM. Rh.
281. Meratuic. ;
+ a. In silvery porous lumps. (Rhodium Sponge).
. IRIDIUM. Ir.
282. Merattic.
+ a. Small grey pieces without metallic lustre. (Iridium
Sponge.) |
283. Irtpic Oxipz. IrQ,. (Diowide of Iridium.)
t a. eh black powder.
y OSMIUM. Os.
284. sail: |
t a. Dark-grey granular powder. (Osmium Sponge.)
TIN. Sn. sd) eel
“day
ap
°
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
298.
294.
Tin Catone. Sn Cl. (Stannous Chloride, Dichloride of Tie}: Bd
a. Anhydrous, i in grey lumps. q
b. Hydrated, in crystals. SnCl,,2H,O. (Tin Salt.)
ce. Ditto, pure. —
Iopipge. Sn Iy. r
a. Crystals. - :.
Oxwz. SnO. (Stannous Oxide. Monoxide of Tin.) 4
a. Black powder. &
Dioxins. Sn O,.
a. Native, in sandy grains. (Stream Tin Ore.)
Note.—For specimens of tin-stone or cassiterite, which is a native
oxide of tin, see Case No. 8.
Note.—Specimen a contains zircon and spinelle, as well as oxide of tin.
b. Yellowish-grey powder. (Putty Powder.)
Note.—This specimen was prepared by heating tin in contact with air.
c. In white powder, pure, hydrated. Sn O,,2 H, 0.
BisunpHipe. Sn8,. (Mosaic Gold, Aurwm Musivum.) ee
a. Pearly crystalline scales.
TITANIUM. | Ti.
Oxipe. TiO,. (Titanic Acid.)
+ a. White powder.
LEAD. Pb.
METALLIC.
a. With crystalline surface.
b. In thin sheets.
c® Granulated, obtained in Pattinson’s process of desilver-
ing lead.
Acrtate. Pb (C, Hg O,)o, 3H, O. (Plumbic Acetate.)
* a. Mass of crystals.
* b. Ditto, of larger crystals.
c. Crystalline lumps, commercial specimen, not quite
pure. (Sugar of lead.)
d. Crystals, pure. (Plwmbi Acetas, B.P.)
Carsonate. PbC O;. (White Lead.) ——
“a. White powder. -
b. Specimen illustrating the formation of the carbonate
from bars of the metal.
295. Leap Cuore. Pb C);.
a. White crystalline powder, oe from the acetate
by common salt,
b. Acicular crystals.
296. Oxycutorme.
a. White powder. PbCl,PbO. (Pattinson’s White Ozy-
-
chloride of Lead.)
b. Yellow powder. PbCl,7PbO. (Turner’s Yellow. Pa-
tent Yellow.)
Note.—See Fownes, Chemistry, p. 450.
297. Caromate. Pb Cr QO,
, a. Yellow powder. (Chrome Yellow, Lemon Yellow, Leip-
/ zig Yellow, Paris Yellow.)
Ww 298. Dicuromare. Pb yCrO,. (Dichromate of Lead.)
| a. Orange powder. (Chrome Orange.) *
b. Red powder. (Chrome Red.) .
Note.—Specimen a was prepared by boiling chrome yellow with lime
water. Specimen b, by adding chrome yellow to fused potassic nitrate.
See Watts, Dict. Chem., vol. i., p. 934,
299 lopipe. Pb]I,. .
a. Golden-yellow powder. (Plumbi Iodidum, B.P.)
6. Ditto, crystalline scales.
300. Motyspats. (Wulfenite.)
a. Native, in sandy grains.
Note.—For analyses, etc., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 607.
P 301. Nrrrare. Pb (N Oy)>.
a. Opaque crystals. (Plumbi Nitras, B.P.)
a b. Transparent ditto.”
j . * ¢. Mass of opaque crystals.
,
fa’ 302. Nrrrate, Basic. PbNOs. (Diplumbic Nitrate.)
a. Crystalline grains.
303. Oxrpr, Basic. Pb, O. (Subowide of Lead.)
_ a. Pale-grey powder, prepared from the monoxide by heat
— in a closed vessel.
304. Oxioz. PbO. (Litharge. Monowide of Lead.)
a. Reddish crystalline scales.
b. Reddish powder. -
mt c. Ditto. (Massicot.) 3
305. TripLuMBIC TETROXIDE. PhiOe . Le . .
_ a. Red powder.’ (Red Lead.) ‘
806. Dioxwe. PbO,. every tes) eR wa
me Puce-coloured powder. =
\.4
;
ne =
i -
zy +
307.
. 808.
309.
310.
311.
313.
314.
315.
316.
= Jai?
$18.
319,
Leap Tartrats. PbO, H, Oe. ; - x
a. White powder. 9
IRON. Fe. qs,
MeEtaLtic. x nie
a. Small rods.
b. Tron turnings.
ce. Iron filings.
d. Powder, reduced by hydrogen from the oxide. (Ferrum
Redactum, B.P. Reduced Iron.)
Note.—Reduced iron often contains some magnetic oxide.
Peracetate. Fe, (CyH3; 0,9), (Ferric Acetate.)
a. Yellowish-brown lumps.
Proro-aARSENATE. Fe; As,O,. (Ferrous Arsenate.) | =
a. Powder of a pale dingy green di (Ferri Arsenias, — ;
EP.)
_ Note.—This salt is usually partially oxidized. 4
Carponate. FeCO, (Ferrous Carbonate.) 2
a. Dark green lumps. (Ferri Carbonas Saccharata, B.P.) }
Note.—This preparation always contains some peroxide of iron. ‘ 7
. Prorocutorwwr. FeCl, 4H,O. (Ferrous Chloride, Dichloride
of Iron.) | :
a. Green crystals. "
NG
PERCHLORIDE. Fe, Clg.
a. Brownish-yellow crystalline masses.
b. Dark-red crystals, prepared by sublimation.
CITRATE.
a.. Pseudo-crystalline scales.
AmMONIO-cITRATE. (Ferri Ammonio-citras, B.P.)
a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.
POTASSIO-CITRATE.
a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.
Quivo-crrRareE. (Citrate of Iron and Quinine, Ferri et Quine
Citras, B. Ye
a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.
QuiINo-cITRATE with Srrycunia. (Citrate of Iron, Quinine and
Strychnine.) |
a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.
Crrrate with Quinetum. (Citrate of Iron and satis y.4
a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.
‘Tron Crrrate wirn Qurveru.
z Note.—This specimen is a citrate of the mixed alkaloids of cinchona
bark. i
_ The last six specimens are uncrystallizable, and are not definite -
chemical compounds,
320. Ferrocyanipg. Fe, Fcys.
a. Amorphous masses. (Prussian Blue.)
$21. Iopie. Fel,. (Ferri Iodidwm, B.P.)
a. Crystalline masses, of a bluish-green colour.
Note.—This salt generally contains a little peroxide.
} 322. Lactars. Fe C, H, Os.
F - a. Crystallized.
- 828. Oxatate. Fe C, O,.
Ps a. Chamois-yellow powder.
324. Oxipg, Macnetic. Fe, Oy.
a. Scales detached during the forging of wrought iron.
Note.—These scales consist principally of magnetic oxide, with some of
the metal.
b. Brownish-black powder. (Ferri Oxidum Magneticum,
B.P. Ferri Oxidum Nigrum.)
325. Peroxipg. FeO,
a. Purplish-red powder. Venetian Red, Jewellers’ Rouge,
Oolcothar, Crocus Martis.)
b. Dark rusty-brown powder.
c. Pale brownish-red powder.
d. Armenian bole.
Note.—Specimen a was prepared by the calcination of ferrous sulphate;
specimen b is readily soluble in hydrochloric acid, and specimen ¢ not
entirely so, probably on account of containing some basic salt. The
latter much resembles in colour some specimens of sulphide of antimony.
Specimen d consists of clay, coloured naturally by ferric oxide.
$26. ProropHospHatE. Fe,2PO,. (Ferri Phosphas, B.P. Ferrous
Phosphate.)
a. Powder of a slate-blue colour.
Note.—When prepared without access of air, this salt is white; when
. blue, it contains some ferric oxide.
327. Perpnospuate. Fe,2PO,. (Ferric Phosphate.)
a, White powder.
| 328. PyroPHosPHATE. }
a. Pseudo-crystalline scales. —7
Note.—This preparation consists of a compound of ferric phosphate
with citrate of ammonium. It much resembles in appearance the citrate
_ of iron and quinine, but has generally a bluish-green tint.
_ 329. Sunpmare. FeS 0, 7 H,0.
a at oe” (Gri Ceeeen: Shoo: Pick)
‘
leon SuLpHate.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
b. Ditto, pure. (Ferri Sulphas, B.P.)
ce. Granulated, by precipitation with alcohol.
d. Exsiccated. (Ferri Sulphas Exsiccata, B.P., 1867.)
PersutpHate. Fe, (8S O,)s.
a. Pale-yellow powder.
Sunenocarporate. Fe (C,H; S O,)p.
a. Green crystals.
Porassto-TarRTRATE. (Ferrum Tartaratum, B.P.)
a. Pseudo-crystalline scales.
NICKEL. Ni. . an %
METALLIC. si
+ a. Small cubes, as met with in commerce.
+ b. Pure.
Cuore. Ni Cly.
+ a. Anbydrons, i in yellow powder.
+ b. Ditto, in greenish-yellow crystalline powder.
' + ce. Acicular crystals. .
Note.—The greenish tint of specimen b is due to the presence of cobalt.
Oxipz. NiO.
+ a. Hydrated, impure, of a dirty green colour.
+ b. Ditto, pure, of an apple-green colour.
Puospnate. Nig 2P Oy.
+t a. Powder.
337. Sutpuatr. NiS O, 7H,O
338.
339.
3840.
341.
_ t a. Crystallized, -
+ a. Small green prismatic crystals.
COBALT. Co.
METALLIc.
+ a. Small cubes, as met with in commerce.
+ b. Pure. 4
Carponats. 2Co COs, 3 Co Hy Og, Hy O.
+ a. Pinkish powder. ;
Note.—This substance is a mixture of the carbonate and hydrate
Cutoripge. CoCl,. (Dichloride of Cobalt, Cohaltone Chloride.)
+ a. Crystallized, impure.
_ t 6. Ditto, pure. . ~
Note.—Specimen a contains nickel. , “Tl
A»monro-cutoripe. CoCl,,6N H;, H, 0. rte’ Ve Roseo-
Cobaltia, Claudet’s salt.) .
st a, Crystallized.
343. Oxtpe. Co,0. (Monowide of Cobalt, Cobaltous Oxide.)
i + a. Grey powder.
344. Szsquioxipe. Co, O,. (Oobaltic Owide.)
; + a. Black powder.
+ b. Impure, mixed with sand. (Zaffre.)
Note.—Specimen b consists of the ore mixed with sand, roasted, and
powdered.
MANGANESE. Mn.
345. METALLIC. ©
+ a. Small pellets.
Note.—This specimen was prepared by Professor Redwood.
. 346. Carponate. MnC Os.
a. Impure, a commercial specimen.
3 b. Pure, in powder.
347..Cutorme. MnCl. (Manganous Chloride).
a. Pink crystals.
348. Oxipe. Mn,O,. (Red Oxide of Manganese, Sesquiowide of
Manganese.)
a. Powder.
Note.—This oxide occurs native in braunite and hydrated in man-
ganite, for specimens of which, see Case No. 8 in this Museum.
349. Peroxipp. MnOQy,. (Black Owide of Manganese, Dioxide of
Manganese.)
a. Powder.
» Note.—This oxide occurs native as pyrolusite, for a specimen of which,
9 see Case No. 8.
350. Paospoate. Mn,2P 0,
a. Pale pink powder.
351. SutpHare. MnSO,. (Manganous Sulphate.)
a. Pink crystals.
. . ; PENTAD METALS.
| . ANTIMONY, or STIBIUM. Sb.
852. Meratuic.
: a. Commercial specimen.
+ b. Large crystalline cake. (French Regulus of Antimony.)
353. Cuore. SbCls. (Butter of Antimony, Trichloride of Anti-
J mony, Antimonous Chloride.)
a. White crystalline mass, pure. 2
b. Dark-red liquid, an impure solution. MO
= Note.—This liquid is prepared by decomposing native sulphide of anti- _
mony by hydrochloric acid. It contains iron and other impurities. =~
-
ww
- ae.
> -_- .-
a
354.
355.
356.
357.
358.
200
Antmony Oxycutoripe. (Powder of Algaroth.)
a, A white powder.
Note.—This is a mixture of the chloride and oxide in uncertain pro-
portions. :
TrioxipE. Sb, Os. -
a. Acicular crystals.
Note.—This specimen was prepared by Professor Redwood. It was
obtained by burning antimony in the bottom of a large red-hot crucible.
a. Pale greyish-white powder. (Antimonii Oxidum, B.P.)
c. Ditto, mixed with phosphate of calcium. (Pulvis
Antimonialis, B.P.)
PentoxipE. Sb, O;. (Antimonic Ozide.)
a. Anhydrous, a greyish-white powder.
b. Hydrated, in white powder. (Antimonic Acid.)
TERSULPHIDE. Sb, §s.
a. Anhydrous, in crystalline lumps, having a metallic —
lustre. (Crude Antimony.) —
Note.—This specimen consists of the ore purified by fusion. For fine
specimens of the ore, see the central case, No. 8. ;
_ b. The purified ore, powdered. (Black Antimony.)
c. Roasted and fused. (Liver of Antimony.)
d. Ditto, containing less sulphide and more oxide. (Glass
of Antimony.)
e. Purplish-red sandy powder. (Crocus of Antimony.)
’ Note.—Specimens c and d are very similar in appearance, but may be
distinguished thus: Liver of antimony is opaque, and when rubbed gives
a brownish-red powder ; while glass of antimony is translucent, and by
transmitted light of a garnet-red colour; when scratched, it gives a
whitish powder. Crocus of antimony consists of the scoria obtained in
reducing antimony, in powder.
f. Hydrated, of a dark red-brown colour. (Antimonium
Sulphuratum, B.P.)
Note. —According to Moss, the B.P. process does not yield an orange-
red powder. See P, J. [3], vol. iii., pp. 4483-446. The commercial arti-
cle generally consists of the yellow pengamniglaide with excess of sulphur.
g. Hydrated, of a bright red-brown colour. (Kermes
Mineral, Pulvis Carthusianorum.)
Note.—For various methods of preparing mineral kermes, see Gmelin,
Chemistry, vol. 4, pp. 340-352; also Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., pp. 734-787.
PENTASULPHIDE. Sb, S;.
a. Orange-red powder, containing some oxide. (Golden
Sulphuret of Antimony, Antimonii Oxysulphwratum,
P. L., 1851.
Note.—This specimen has a reddish tint, probably owing to the presence
of a small quantity of the tersulphide.
va 7) | .
359. Antimony Porassto-tartrate. 2K Sb,C,H,O,. (Tartar Lmetic.)
a. Crystallized, in colourless efflorescent crystals.
Note.—For fig. of the crystals, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 748,
fig. 132; Phillips, Transl. Pharm., 1851, p. 260.
ARSENIC. As.
. Merattic.
a. Commercial specimen.
b. Pure.
. Iopipz. As I;.
a. Small, deep-red, shining, crystalline scales.
. Arsenous Oxipe. As,O;. (White Arsenic, Arsenous Acid.)
a. Stratified lumps.
Note.—This specimen has much the appearance of pieces of white
potsherd.
b. White flat pieces, bearing crystals on the surface.
Note.—This specimen came from Bissoc arsenic works in Cornwall.
c. Crystalline powder of a greyish colour.
Note.—This specimen is impure ; it came from a tin-smelting house.
d. Pure, in white crystalline powder.
363. Arsenic Peroxipg. As,0;,3H,O. (Arsenic Acid, Perowide
of Arsenic.)
_ «@, Dirty-white porous lumps. .
b. Solution.
364. Sutpus. As,S,. (Realgar, Disulphide of Arsenic.)*
a. Deep-red lumps, with a conchoidal fracture and vitreous
lustre.
' b. A Chinese carving in realgar.
Note.—Specimen b may be found under a shade in the east window of
the Chemical Museum.
365. TrisutpHipe. As, Ss. (Orpiment.)
a. Orange-yellow lumps.
b. Golden-yellow powder.
BISMUTH. : Bi.,
a eee =
o
_- —— ae
~~ — ~~ =e
366. Meratuic.
a. Crystalline masses.
367. Carsonate. 2(Bi,CO;)H,0. (Bismuthi Gacipwas, B.P.)
a. White powder. =
368. Nirrars. Bi (NO,),5H, 0. a
a. Crystals. 4
869. Supyirrate. BiO N O,, H, O, (Biomuthi Subnitras, B. P. )
a. White powder. Giegethien Album, B.P., cae
(by?
370. Oxipe, Bismurnous. Bi,O. (Triowide of Bismuth.)
a. Yellow powder.
371. Oxipg, Bismuruic Bi, O;. (Pentowide of Bismuth.)
a. Reddish powder. ;
VANADIUM. V.
372. Vanapate or Ammonium. N H,V Og.
t+ a. White powder.
COLUMBIUM, or NIOBIUM. Nb.
373. Oxive. Nb,O;. (Niobie Acid.) | |
t+ a. White powder. | _.
HEXAD METALS. -
CHROMIUM. Cr. | ; =
374. METALLIC. Po {
+ a. Small pellets. ae
. Note.—This specimen was prepared by Professor Redwood. ~- e
375. Cutoripe. CrCl, (Chromic Chloride, Trichloride of
Chromium.)
a. Violet crystalline lamine.
Note.—This specimen was prepared and presented by Mr. Baldock.
376. Oxipr. Cr,O5. (Chromic Oxide, Sesquioxide of Chromium.)
* a. Anhydrous, a green crystalline powder.
b. Ditto, resembling small green tea in appearance. f;
c. Hydrated, prepared by precipitation. y
Note. —Specimen a was prepared by heating potassic dichromate ; aa
specimen b by igniting ammonic dichromate.
377. Trioxipe. CrO 3. (Chromic Acid.)
a. Crystallized. .
URANIUM. U. y
378. METALLIC. a
+ a. Pure. )
379. AmMonro-cARBONATE. (N H,)o, U Og,4C0 O03. (Ammonio-uranic -
Carbonate, Carbonate of Uranyl and Ammonium.)
a. Yellow crystalline crusts.
380. Nitrate. UO, (NO,)o,6H,O. 4 7
a. Crystallized. .
381. Oxmr. UOs;. (Uranic Oxide, Vranyl Owide.) . ail
a. Reddish yellow powder. >
b. Specimen of glass coloured ay uranate of sodium, ar
* ——=— Oo
a Note—This oxide is the chiet constituent of pitchblende. For a speci-
men of it, see Case No. 8.
883. Soprum Uranare. Na, O, 2 U O;.
a. Yellowish powder. (Uranium yellow.)
TUNGSTEN, on WOLFRAM. W.
384, Oxws. WO. (Tungstic Acid.)
a. Impure, a yellow powder.
b. Pare ditto.
c. Hydrated, a white powder. (W Os , 2H, O.)
Note. —Specimen ¢ was precipitated from a cold dilute alkaline
solution.
MOLYBDENUM. Mo.
385. Merattic.
t+ a. Small pellets.
386. Oxipe. MoO. (Molybdic Acid.)
a. Impure.
b. Pare, in white powder.
387. Sunpupe. Mo §,. (Molybdenite, Native Sulphide of Molybdenum. )
a. Black scale-like laminz with a metallic lustre.
Note.—For native molybdate of lead, see Lead salts.
388. Series of Specimens illustrating Stanrorv’s Process for Manu-
facturing Seaweed Products.
(1) Laminaria picrrata, Lamour. (Oar Weed, Tangle, Sea Girdles.)
a, Cylindrical portion of frond. (Drift Weed, or Tangle.)
b. Ditto, cut up ready for charring.
c. Charcoal made from b.
d. Ditto, lixiviated.
e. Flattened portion of sega (Cut Weed, Red Wrack.)
_f. Charcoal made from e.”
g- Ditto, lixiviated.
(2) Fucus vesicuLosus, L. (Out Weed, Bladder Wrack.)
a. Frond.
b. Charcoal inde from a.
ce. Ditto lixiviated.
' (3) Focus serratus, L. (Out Weed, Black Weseh,)
a. Frond.
sal Ae Charcoal made from a.
¢. Ditto, lixiviated.
ryey
7 ne
Pah
(4) Fucus noposvs, LD.
a. Frond.
b. Charcoal made from a.
e. Ditto, lixiviated. .
Note.—Laminaria digitata is often designated Oar Weed. It differs from _ y
the fuci méntioned above, in having a cylindrical portion or stem divided _
into numerous ribbon-like pieces, and in its brown colour. Fucus nodosus
has black, narrow, compressed fronds with single bladders. F. vesicu-
losus has a flattened frond with bladders in pairs, one being on each side
of the midrib. F. serratus has flattened fronds serrated at the edge,
and without bladders.
(5) Tar.
(6) Prren.
(7) Coxe.
(8) Ketp.
(9) Bromine.
(10) Ioprne. a
a. Crude. Fs
6. Resublimed. ; ie”
(11) Porasstum AcETATE. x4
(12) ” BROMATE, crystallized. my
(13) - BROMIDE, crystallized. a
(14) - CARBONATE. : ‘ia
a. Pure. ; ‘
b. Anhydrous. . i
(15) oe BICARBONATE, crystallized. “
(16) 9 CHLORIDE. =
a. Crude, crystallized. a
b. Pure, crystallized.
(17) Pe CYANIDE, fused.
(18) ane IODATE, crystallized. 3
(19) mm IODIDE, crystallized.
(20) s NITRATE, crystallized. f
(21) me SULPHATE.
. a. Crude, crystallized.
b. Pure.
(22) yy, BISULPHATE, crystallized.
(23) Soprum CHLORIDE.
Note.—For an account of the method by which various products are
manufactured from Kelp, see Pharm. Journ. [2], iii., p. 495.
| The above specimens will be found in Case 4 in the Chemical Museum. —
r
. ‘
wf
wy
»
4
“ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
HYDROCARBONS.
- PARAFFIN OR MARSH GAS SERIES. CuaHan+s
a. Solid paraffin, from turf and peat, crude.
b. Ditto, purified.
¢. Liquid paraffin, from seaweed, crude.
d. Ditto, purified.
e. Barbadoes tar, genuine.
- f. Ditto, spurious. *
g. Rangoon petroleum.
h. Petroleum from Zante.
Note.—This specimen was ‘‘ collected from a pitch well in the south-
eastern part of the island of Zante, on Sept. 13, 1818, by Wm. Allen,
F.R.S8., first president of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain,
and was presented to the Society by his executors in 1852.” See Life of
William Allen, Lond., 1846.
t. Pennsylvanian petroleum, crude.
j. Ditto, purified.
k. Shale grease.
l. Shale spirit, crude. °
m. Shale residue.
Note.—The above paraffins are none of them of definite composition,
but consist of a mixture of various members of the series typified by the
formula Cn H2n+2. See Fownes, Chemistry, p. 548.
TERPENE SERIES. C,Ha-«
389. TEREBENTHENE.
a. French oil of turpentine.
Note.—This specimen turns the plane of polarisation to the left. It
‘was obtained from Pinus Pinaster, Sol.
890. AusrraLeNr. (Austra-terebenthene.)
a. English oil of turpentine.
Note.—This specimen rotates the plane of polarisation to the right.
It was eeperes from the turpentine of Pinus palustris, Mill, and Pinus
Teda,
391. TEREBENE. \
a. Colourless liquid.
* Note.—This specimen has no action on polarised light. It was pre-
pared from oil of turpentine by treatment with strong sulphuric acid.
392..Terpin Hyprate. Cy Hy,,3H,O. (Zurpentine Oamphor,
Hydrate of Turpentine Oil.)
a. Brown rhombic crystals.
-\.
206
Hydrocarbons.
a, White slender acicular crystals.
394, CaouTcHoucIne.
a. Brownish oily liquid.
Note.—This liquid, according to Greville Williams,.is a mixture of the a.
two polymeric hydrocarbons caoutchin, C,, H,, and isoprene, C; Hg.
395. Cooroonaite. (Mineral Caoutchouc). ‘a
a. Blackish, slightly elastic, solid. ;
BENZENE SERIES. HnCon—¢
a. Coal tar.
b. Wood tar. (Stockholm Tar.)
c. Light oil of tar, sp. gr. 0°945.
d. Heavy oil of tar, sp. gr. 1°002.
Note.— Specimen b and ¢ were prepared by Professor Redwood.
e. Eblanin. C;H,O,. (Pyrowanthin.)
Note.—This specimen was prepared by the action of hydrate of potas-
sium upon heavy oil of wood tar. See Watts, Dict. Chem., vol. iv.,
p- 776. cs
f. Pitch. :
g. Asphalt, from an Egyptian mummy.
Note.—The above specimens, with the exception of Eblanin, are inde-
finite mixtures of various hydrocarbons belonging chiefly to the aromatic
group represented by the formula Cn H2n~6. The asphalt obtained from
mummies is used by artists as a brown water-colour. This specimen was
presented by Messrs. Hearon, Squire, and Francis.
396. Benzene. CgH,. (Bicarburet of Hydrogen, Benzole, Benzine.)
a. Impure, from coal-tar oil.
b. Purified, by crystallization at 10° Fahr.
397. Nirro-BenzEnE. C,H; (NO,). (Oil of Mirbane, Artificial Oil
of Almonds.)
a. Yellowish oily liquid, crude.
b. Purified.
Note.—For means of distinguishing this liquid from essential oil of
almonds, see Attfield, Chemistry.
398. Dimirro-BENZENE. Cy Hy (NOg)o. ;
a. In acicular crystals.
Note.—In this specimen the crystals, which were originally white,
have become of a brown colour.
399. Totveng. C,H,. (Toluol, Methyl-Benzene, Hydride of Benzyl,
Benzoene Dracyl, Hydride of Tolyl or Toluenyl.)
a. Volatile colourless liquid. ¥
400, XYLENE, Cg Hj. (Xylol, Dimethyl- Domes Pe
a. Colourless volatile liquid. +
Note.—For uses, ete., see P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 625,
‘401. Cymenz. Cyo Hy (Cymol, Camphogen, Hydride of Thymyi,
—- Hydride of Cymyl.)
a. Prepared from the volatile of oil of cummin.
b. Prepared from coal tar. :
: CINNAMENE SERIES. ©, Hm-—s,
402. Crvnamene. OC, Hy. (Styrolene, Oinnamol, Styrol.)
a. Colourless oily liquid.
b. Colourless refractive solid.
Note.—Specimen } was prepared from liquid storax; it has assumed
the solid appearance of meta-cinnamene.
. NAPHTHALENE SERIES. Cp Hon -18.
i 403, NapuTHaLEeNne. Cyo Hg.
‘ a. Micaceous crystalline plates.
Note.—This specimen was obtained from coal tar.
404, NAPHTHALENE BICHLORIDE. Cy 9 Hg Cly.
a. Crystallized.
ANTHRACENE SERIES. Cy Hen—is
405. ANTHRACENE. Cy, Hy.
a. Crude, of a brownish colour.
b. Purified, in white pearly scales.
Note.—Specimen b has become tinged with purple from exposure to
light. |
406. AntHraguinone. C,, Hg Oy.
- a. In yellowish acictlar crystals.
b. In slender crystals.
Note.—Specimen b was. prepared in the laboratory of the Society by
Mr. E. Richardson.
MONATOMIC ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS.
ETHYLIC SERIES. © Hon -1,
- 407. Murayt Hypratr. CH,;(HO). ©
a. Crude.
b. Purified (Dr. Hasting’s pyroxylic spirit).
c. Ditto, by Eschwege’s process.
d. Methylated ethylic alcohol.
Note.—For manufacture of pyroxylic spirit, see P. J. [1], vol.x., pp.
81, 69, 135, 196, 300; vol. ix., p.455; (2), vol. iv., p. 233 ; for Eschwege's— >
process, see P. J. [2], vol.’ vili, p. 175. ‘
408. Merny. Iopiz. CH;I.
a. Reddish volatile liquid.
——~
~~ -
.
~
208
-Monatomic Alcohols.
409. Mernyt Saticytarz. CH, C,H; Os.
a. Pale yellow volatile liquid.
Note.—This is the volatile oil obtained from Gaultheria procumbens,
L. Salicylate of methyl is found also in the bark of Betula lenta, L.
410. Erayt Acutatz. C,H;C,H,0O,. (Acetic Ether).
(Oil of Wintergreen.) —
a, Impure.
b. Purified. ing
411. Erayt Buryrate. C,H;C,H,O,. (Butyric Ether, Essence of :
Pineapple.) é'
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
Note.—This ether has a strong pineapple odour and taste.
412. Erayt Bromipge. C,H; Br. -(Hydrobromic Ether.)
a. Reddish volatile liquid.
413. Erayz Cutorws. C,H;Cl. (Hydrochloric Ether, Chloric |
Ether, Sweet Spirit of Salt.)
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
’ Note.—The name chloric ether is often erroneously applied to'a solu-
tion of chloroform in ethylic alcohol.
414, Erayt Formats. C,H; CHO,. (Formic Ether.) .
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
415. Ernyn Hyprarz. C,H; HO. (Hthylic Alcohol, Spirit of
Wine.)
a. Rectified spirit of wine.
b. Proof spirit. (Spiritus tenwior.)
c. Absolute alcohol.
416. Eruyt Iopinzr. C,H; 1. (Hydriodic Ether.)
a. Reddish volatile liquid.
417. Erurt Nitrite. C,H; NO,
; a, Pure.
b. Impure solution in alcohol. (Sweet Spirit of Nitre,
Spiritus Htheris Nitrosi.)
418. Ernyn Oxatare. (C, H;),C, 0,
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
419. Erayn Oxipz. (C,H;),0. (Hther, Sulphuric lither.)
a. Colourless volatile Hija: sp. gr. ‘735. . -
b. Ditto. sp. gr. °720. , VF
c. Ditto. Absolute ether. ; Die.
Note.—Specimen a is of the strength directed in the B. P.- Specimen
bd is the ordinary ether of commerce, and specimen c is free from ethylic
alcohol and water, which are usually present in bai proportions in ;
ordinary ether.
120, Eure Prtardoware. ©,H,,CyHyy0,. (Pelargonic Bther,
. @nanthic Ether, Oil of Cognac.)
a. A yellowish volatile liquid.
Note.—Impure brandy and whiskey are said to owe their flavour
chiefly to this ether. The alcoholic solution is used to give the flavour
of quinces to confectionery. See Redwood, Supplt., p. 724. .
421. Evayt, Aci Sotfaare. C,H;HS ve (Sulphovinic Acid, ~*
: Ethylsulphurie Acid.)
a. Colourless oily liquid.
Note.—For sulphovinate of sodium, see the sodium salts.
422. Proprt Hyprare. C,H, HO. (Propylic Alcohol.)
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
y? 423. Borys Hyprars. C,H,HO. (Tetrylic Alcohol, Quartyl Al-
_ cohol, Butyl Alcohol.)
_a. Colourless volatile liquid.
424, Amyt Acetate. CO; H,, C,H, Og.
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
Note.—A solution of this ether in sepgaees forms the essence of pear
used in flavouring confectionery.
425. Amy. Buryrats. C; H,, C,H, O,.
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
426. Amy. Cutoripe. C, H,, Cl.
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
427. Amyt Formats. C,;H,,C HO,.
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
Note.—Both the butyrate and formate have a fruity flavour. See
Juries’ Report, Int. Exhib. 1862, p. 113.
4g 428. Amy Hyprare. C,H, HO. (Quintyl Alcohol, Amylic Al-
. cohol, Fusel Oil.)
3 a. Impure.
q b. Purified.
«429, Ante Hyprtpe. ©; Hy H. (Quintane.)
; a. Colourless volatile liquid. sp. gr. 638.
: Note.—See P. J. (1) xvi., p. 604.
430. Amyn Nitrate. O, Hy, NOx.
. a. Volatile colourless liquid.
431. Ayn Nirerre. ©;H,,N0O,. (Amyl Nitris, B.P. App.) — —-
a. Yellowish volatile liquid. | aR
432. Amyt VALERIANATE. Me
a. Colourless volatile liquid. =
Note-—The sptituons solution forms: the essence of apple used in
= os a
Monatomic Alcohols.
433.
434,
435,
436.
437.
438.
439.
210
Ginantuyt Hyprare. C,; H,, HO. (Ginanthylic Alcohol, Septyl
or Heptyl Alcohol.)
a. Colourless volatile liquid.
Carry. Hyprats. C,H,,HO. (Caprylic Alcohol, Octyl Al-
cohol.)
a. Colourless volatile liquid. .
Ceryt Hyprare. C,,H;,H O. (Cetylic Alcohol, Ethal, Seadeeylic
Alcohol.)
a. White fatty solid.
Note.—This specimen is probably impure. See Fownes, Chemistry, p. 610.
Cetyt Patmitate. C1, H3gC 1, Hg, Og. (Spermaceti.)
a. Solid white crystalline fat.
Note.—Spermaceti contains also some laurostearin,
Ceryt Cerotate. Cy,H;;Cy,H;30,. (Pe-la, Chinese Insect
Wax.)
a. Hard white crystalline fat.
Myricyn Patmitats. Cy 9 Hg, Cg He, Og. (Myricin.)
a. Fatty solid.
Note.—This substance is the portion of beeswax insoluble in boiling
alcohol. :
VINYLIC SERIES. Cy Hen-1.
Autyt SutpHocyanate. ©, H, CyS.
a. Volatile pungent liquid. (Volatile Oil of Mustard.)
Note.—This liquid probably contains some sulphide of allyl. See
Pharmacographia, p. 63.
. Menrayt Hyprats. C;)H},HO. (Menthylic Alcohol, Stearoptene
of Peppermint Oil.)
a. Crude, in acicular crystals, from Japan.
b. Ditto, sublimed at 210° F.
Note.—Specimen b was prepared and presented by Messrs. Morson &
Son. The crude article is said to be adulterated with sulphate of magnesia,
which it closely resembles in appearance. Watts, Dict. Chem., vol. iii.,
p. 880.
BENZYLIC SERIES. C,Hm—7.
44], Benzyt Hyprate. C,H,HO. (Benzoic Alcohol, Benzyl Alcohol.)
a. Aromatic colourless liquid.
442, Pusnyt Hyprate. O,H; HO. (Phenylic Alcohol, Carbolic
Acid, Phenie Acid, Coal-tar Creosote.)
a. Crystallized in a large glass receiver.
b. Ditto, from the volatile oil of Andromeda Leschenaultii.
ce. Liquid.
iatomic Alcohols, ;
1 Gs-1iistalihensas wae peestnted try Peuleeutet Ciniee Calvert an 0-t0-
_ markably pure sample. Specimen b was prepared by Mr. J. Broughton.
See P. J. (3) vol. ii., p. 284.
_ 443, Trrvtrro-pnenor. O,H;(NO,);0. (Picrie Acid, Carbazotic
} Acid.)
; a. Yellow crystals. ;
444, Tuymyt Hyorare. ©,,Hj;HO. (Thymylic Alcohol, Thymol,
Thymylic Acid.)
a. Very fine crystal. FR Oil of Ptychotis Aj
© sScoall cepatala. ; ee Oil of Ptychotis Ajowan,
4 ec. Ditto. try
Bo Note.—Specimen a consists of a single crystal nearly two inches square,
) and was presented by Messrs. Wright, Layman, and Umney. Specimen
b was purchased in a bazaar at Bombay, under the name of ajwain
ka-phul, by Mons. C. Chantre; and specimen ¢ was prepared from the
oil of Monarda punctata, L., and was presented under the name of
Monarda camphor, by Mr. M. Procter, jun., of Philadelphia.
CINNYLIC SERIES. Cy Ha—y. >
445. CrxnyL Cinnamate. Cy Hy (Cy H,0,). (Styracine.)
a. Small silky crystals.
Note.—This is the substance which forms a kind of efflorescence on
the surface of Styrax Calamita.
446. CHoLesTerRINE. O,, H,, H O.
a. Small shining crystalline plates.
DIATOMIC ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS.
ETHENE SERIES. Cn Ha.
_—s- 447, Marnene Cutorwe. C,HCl;, (Bichloride of Methylene.)
a. Colourless volatile heavy liquid.
448. Erarne Catorwe. O©,H,Cl,. (Dutch Liquid, Dichloride
of Ethylene.)
a. Volatile colourless liquid.
449, Erarrine.
a. White slender prismatic crystals.
7 ORCIN SERIES. Cn Hon =»
450. Resorcin. C,H, (HO),.
, a. Yellowish crystalline powder.
451. Satieznty. C,H, (HO),. (Salicylic Alcohol.)
ss @ Tn crystalline scales, not quite white.
Note.—Presented by Dr. Attfield.
vn
Triatomic Alcohols.
452. Guaracot. CO, H, (H 0).
a. Brownish oily liquid. ."
Note.—For method of preparation, see P. J. (3) vol. iii, p. 23. This =
specimen was presented by Messrs. Hopkin and Williams. .
453. Creasor. C,H, (HO) . (Creosote, Oil of Tar.)
a. Nearly colourless oily liquid.
TRIATOMIC ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS.
\METHENYL. SERIES. Cx Han—- ”
454. Mretaenyt Bromipge. CH Br, (Bromoform.)
a. Reddish volatile heayy liquid.
455. Meruenyt Catormwr. CHCl. (Chloroform, Perehloride of
Formyl.)
a. Volatile colourless heavy liquid.
456. Mernenyt Iopipge. CH,I1. (Jodoform.)
a. Yellow crystalline scales.
457, Propenyt Hyprats. Cs, H;(HO);. (Glycerine, BK Alcohol.)
a. Pure. (Price’s Patent Giycerine.)
b. Ditto. (Crystallized Glycerine.)
Note.—Specimen 6 was solid when received, but’ has become fluid by
i
keeping.
458. Propenyt Tritaurate. O; H; (Cj, H,0,)3. (Lawrostearin.) =~
a. Green semi-solid fat. (Oil of Bay.) Nd
Note.—This substance contains other propenyl compounds besides
. the trilaurate.
459. PropenyL Trimyristicats. O;H; (C,,H,,0,)3. (Myristin.)
: a. White crystalline solid.
Note.—This specimen was obtained from the expressed oil of nutmegs.
It occurs also in Dika bread, and several vegetable oils and fats. See
Catalogue, p. 23, No. 128.
460. PropenyL Trioneate. Cy, H; (Cy, Hg Og)3. (Oledn.)
a. Almond Oil. ‘
b. Olive oil.
c. Pure Olein.
Note.—Almond oil consists almost entirely of pure olein; the finid
part of olive oil at 32° F. is the same, the solid part consisting chiefly
Tao. Pe
of tripalmitin. hs
461, Propenyt TRIPALMITATE. C, H; (Crs Hy, Oz)5- (Palmitin.) _
a. Japan wax. , :
Note.—This substance consists chiefly of teipeizattin.: oe Palmitic _
Acid.
x ig
_——_- ‘
462, Provenri: Trsreanate. Cy H, (CygHyy 03). (Stearin.)
: a. Cocum butter.
Note.—This substance contains more than half its weight of stearin,
the remainder consisting of olein.
“i PYROGALLOL SERIES. Ca Hn—s
463. Prrogatton. (Pyrogallic Acid.)
a. Silky acicular crystals.
TETRATOMIC ALCOHOLS.
464. Eryrurire. C,H,(HO), (Zrythromannite, Phycite, Ery-
throglucin.)
| a. Colourless prismatic crystals.
Z PENTATOMIC ALCOHOLS.
‘ 465. Quercire. C,H, (HO),.
a. Transparent monoclinic crystals.
Note.—Both these alcohols are saccharine substances. See Fownes,
Chemistry, p. 628-630,
HEXATOMIC ALCOHOLS.
466. Mannirr. C,H, (HO),.
a. Prismatic colourless crystals.
a b. A cone of mannite, from Tuscany.
4 Note.—Specimen b was presented by Mr. J. M. Broad, who brought it
= from Florence.
ee CARBOHYDRATES.
CELLULOSES. (, Hy 0,.
- 467. Srarcw. C,,H,O,;. (Fecula, Amidin.)
a a. Obtained from maize.
} 468. Dexrrine. Cio Hg Oro: (British Gum.)
fs a, Fawn coloured powder.
= b. White powder.
y | Note.—Specimen a yields a better mucilage than b.
. 469. Inutin. C,H) 0,;. (Alantin, Sinistrin, Menyanthin, Dahlin,
uy Synantherin.) ee
is a, Obtained from dandelion root. 7 c, =
. Cartunin. Cig Hy 0,5. (Cellulose.)
Cotton.
=] fe.
ee
/
Cs 214
Carbohydrates.
471. Dinirro-Crtiunin. Cyg Hog (N Og). 0}5- (Soluble Guncotton,
Pyrowylin.)
a. Commercial specimen.
b. Solution in a mixture of ether and alcohol (Collodium,
B.P.)
_¢. Ditto, mixed with castor oil. (Oollodium Flewile, B.P.)
GLUCOSES. Cg, Hys Og:
472. Dextrose. C, Hy, 0O,. (Glucose, Dextroglucose.)
a. Prepared from starch. (Starch Sugar.)
b. Prepared from rags. (Rag Sugar.)
c. Prepared from honey. (Honey Sugar.)
d. Prepared from grapes. (Grape Sugur.)
e. Prepared from diabetic urine. (Diabetic Sugar.)
473. Levunose. Cg, Hy. Og.
a. Obtained from cane sugar.
SACCHAROSES. (3 Hy: 04).
474. SaccHarose. Cy. Ho 0,;. (Cane Sugar, Diglucosic Alcohol.)
a. Crystallized, obtained from the sugar cane.
b. Ditto, obtained from beet root.
c. Ditto, obtained from the sugar maple.
Note.—For other specimens, see Mat. Med. Catalogue, P. 15, No.
and p. 156, No. 641.
d. Amorphous. (Barley Sugar.)
e. Ditto, restored to a minutely crystalline state (Sac-
charum penidium.)
475. Mx irosE. C9 Ho. 0).
a. Impure. (Hucalyptus Manna.)
Note.—See also Mat. Med. Catalogue, p. 46, No. 244.
476. Lactosz. Cj. H.0,;,H,O. (Sugar of Milk, Lactin).
: a. Crystallized.
477. Mycosz. Cy. Ho. 0,,;,2H,O. (Sugar of Ergot.)
a. Crystallized, prepared from ergot.
Note.—Presented by Mr. F. M. Rimmingion.
A478, TREHALOSE. Cy. Ho 0)), 2 He O.
a. Impure. (Trehala Manna).
Note.—See also Animal Mat. Med. Catalogue, p. 258, No. 796.
GLUCOSIDES.
479. AGscuLin. Cy, Ho Oj3. (Gelseminic Acid.)
a. In crystals.
Note, —This substance was prepared from the bark of the horse-chestnut
tree (Gisculus Hippocastanum, L.). For a solution of it, see the specimens
illustrating fluorescence, on the east side of the Chemical Museum.
a
'
;
480. Amrapaum. Oy) Hy, NOj,, 3H, O. '
a. Crystalline powder.
Note.—Obtained from bitter almonds by treatment with alcohol. It
, is resolvable into glucose, hydrocyanic acid and hydride of benzoyl.
481. Arputin. Cy, Hy O14, Hy O.
a Acicular crystals.
- Note.—Obtained from the leaves of Arbutus, Uva-ursi. It is resolvable
by acids into hydrokinone and glucose.
482. Conocynruin. O;5 Hg, Ogg. ?
a. Powder.
; Note.-—This glucoside is resolvable, according to Walz, into colocyn-
thein and glucose. See Pharmacographia, p. 264.
483. Convotvotin. Cy, H;, Og. (Scammonin.)
a. Powder.
; Note.—This specimen was prepared from the Museum specimen of
, Tampico jalap, by a student in the laboratory of the Society, who found
‘ that 100 grains of dense heavy root yielded 7°56 grains ; and 100 grains
of light root yielded 11°35 grains of resin, entirely soluble in ether.
b. Prepared from Scammony.
Note.—Convolvulin is the jalapin of Gmelin (see “Handbook, xvi.,
p- 405) and of Mayer. It is also the jalapin usually met with in English
commerce. See Pharmacographia, p. 401. It is distinguished from
the jalapin of Vera Cruz jalap by being soluble in ether.
e Pure, i in vitreous colourless scales.
oe d. Brownish extractive, prepared from jalap resin.
_ -——s« 484, Coumarin. Cy H, Oy.
a. In opaque white crystals.
2 Note.—The exact chemical constitution of this body not having been
satisfactorily settled, it is placed here for convenience only.
485. CuBEeBIn. Cg Hg, Ojo.
a. Small crystals.
486. Diarratin. Cg, Hy; O);.
_ @ In porous mamillated masses.
Note.—This glucoside is resolvable into digitaliretin and glucose.
487. ELarerin. Coo Hy. O;.
a. Crystalline powder.
Note.—This body does not always yield glucose by treatment with acids,
and is probably not a true glucoside. See Attjizld, Chemistry, p. 468.
488. GiyovrrHizin. Cg, Hyg Og. ? :
a. Yellowish powder.
Note.—This substance when pure is insipid. It possesses the properties
of an acid, and occurs, combined with ammonia, in the root. See P. J.
(3), vol. vi., p. 53, Pharmacographia, p. 159.
-
’ a
Glucosides.
489.
490.
492.
493.
494,
496.
ie all —. a oe a es “T=. _~—
216
JALAPIN. Cg; Hyp Oj,.
a. Powder.
Note.—This glucoside.is insoluble in ether. It is resolvable into crys-
_tallizable jalapinol and glucose.
Meconn: Cjp Hyp Oy. (Opianyl.)
a, Small prismatic crystals. :
b. A magnificent specimen crystallized in a glass basin.
Note.—Specimen b was presented by Messrs. Morson & Son. ; iy
. Putorizin. Cy; Ha, Ojo, 2 Hy O. »
a. Silky crystals.
Note.—Obtained from the root bark of apple and cherry trees. It is
resolvable into phloretin and glucose. ;
Picroroxin. Cy, Hy, 0s.
a. Crystalline sandal.
Note.—This substance reduces cupric oxide like the sugars, , but to a
much smaller extent. Pharmacographia, p: 31. Its constitution not
having been as yet satisfactorily ascertained, it is placed among the
‘glucosides for convenience only.
Piperin. C; Hy) N, Cig Hy O3.
a. Yellowish crystals.
Note.—This substance is sometimes considered as a weak alkaloid, but
it has no action on litmus paper, and does not unite directly with acids.
It has the constitution of a piperate of piperidia. See P. J. [3], vol. vi.,
p. 315.
Sauicin. C3 Hy, O;. f
a. Crystalline powder.
b. Saligenin.
Note.—Salicin is resolvable into saligenin and glucose. Saligenin is a
diatomic phenol-alcohol; see p. 211.
. SAMADERIN.
a. Deliquescent yellowish powder.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Dr. De Vrij, who obtained it |
from the bark of Samadera indica, Gertn. He supposes it to be a gluco- é
side. Its formula is not yet ascertained. See P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 645.
Examined by Mr. Hutchinson, student in the laboratory, its solution §
proved neutral to test paper, and yielded no precipitate with perchloride 5
of platinum, iodohydrargyrate of potassium, or biniodide of potassium, * p
but a granular precipitate with perchloride of gold, and a light yellow one
with phosphomolybdic acid. Fehling’s copper solution was not precipi- al
tated by it unless it had been previously boiled with an acid. ‘
es Ce Fn Os.
. Small crystalline scales.
Note. —Santonin is resolvable into santoniretin and glucose. See
Pharmacographia, P 349 ; Attfield, Chemistry, p. 472.
497. Sooranre. Cn Hyg Ojo.
a. Pale yellow powder.
Note.—This substance is described in Pharmacographia, p. 149, as an
indifferent or somewhat acid body.
- ALDEHYDES.
ACETIC SERIES. Cy, Ho O.
498. Aceric Atpenype. CO, H,0.
a. Pure, a colourless liquid.
499. Atpenype-ammonia. NH,C,H,0. (Ammonium Aldehydate.)
a. Brownish crystals.
Note.—This specimen was colourless when first obtained.
500. Acetan. C, H,,0.
a. Colourless liquid.
Note—This liquid is a compound of aldehyde with ethy] oxide.
501. Catoran. C,H (Cl,)O. (Trichlorinated Aldehyde).
a, Anhydrous, an oily liquid.
b. Hydrated, in crystals. (Liebrich’s Chloral Hydrate.)
ce. Ditto, in crystalline cakes. (Chloral Hydrate.)
502. Bury Cunorat. C,H, (Cl,;)O. (Croton Chloral.)
a, White crystalline powder.
Note.—For method of manufacture, see Watts, Dict. Chem. Supplt., i.,
p. 518; P. J. [3], vol. ii., pp. 425, 484. The croton chloral of commerce
has lately been found to ecnaise of hc chloral; see P. J. [8], vol. vi.,
p. 666.
FURFUROL SERIES. Cy Ho~—¢ O02.
503. Furrurot. C,H,0O,. (Aldehyde of Pyromucie Acid.)
a. Brownish aromatic liquid.
Note.—The odour of this liquid has been compared to that of oil of
cassia. When pure the liquid is pale yellow. This specimen.is some of
the first made in this country, and was prepared by the late Mr. Morson,
at the request of a customer, that he should distil together some sulphuric
acid and bran, in order to produce a liquid for medicinal use in skin
diseases.
BENZOIC SERIES. ©, Hm 30. |
504. Benzorc Aupenype. C;H,O. (Essential Oil of Bitter Almonds.)
a. Obtained from bitter almonds by distillation with wales,
b. Ditto, freed from hydrocyanic acid.
505. Sauicytic Atpenypr. C,H,O,. (Salicylol, Balioylous. ‘acid,
Hydride of Salicyl.)
a. Fragrant, colourless Tgnid. (Oil @ Mecdowned.)
- 9
Aldehydes.
506. Crmwamic Auprnyps. C, H, 0.
507. Vantin. C,H; (C H3)03.
508.
509.
510.
515.
. Ginantuyiic Acip.. HC, Hj Og.
218
CINNAMIC SERIES. Cy How 0.
a. Nearly pure. (Oil of Cinnamon.)
-b. Ditto. (Otl of Cassia.)
a. White powder, prepared from coniferin.
Note.—This specimen is some of the first introduced into this country 2
It is not pure vanillin, but contains a proportion of sugar, in which state ;
it was first offered in English commerce. Vanillin is placed here,
because it is regarded as the aldehyde of protocatechuic acid in which one .
molecule of hydrogen is replaced by methyl. See Attjfield, Chemistry,
6th edition, p. 406.
KETONES.
Acetone. ©, H, 0.
a. Colourless liquid.
Note.—For the difference between Wjahydes and ketones, see Fownes,
Chemistry, p. 751.
MONOBASIC ACIDS.
ACETIC SERIES, Cy Hm Oo.
Formic Aco. HCHO, |
a. Colourless fluid, with a pungent odour.
b. Ditto, sp. gr. 1-020.
Note.—Specimen a is concentrated; b is of the strength used in
medicine.
Acetic Acip. HC, H; Oy.
a. Glacial acetic acid, solid at 50° Fahr.
b. Acidum Aceticum Fortius, B.P.
. Buryric Acip. HC, H, Op.
a. Colourless liquid, with a fetid odour.
. Waterianic Acip. HC; HyO,. (Valerie Acid.)
a. Colourless oily liquid.
. Caproic Actp. HC, Hy; Og.
a. Colourless oily liquid, with a fetid odour.
a. Colourless oily liquid.
Myristic AcIp. HC, Hg, Oz. (Myristicin.) : 4
a. Pearly tabular crystalline scales. uf
Note.—This specimen was prepared by Professor Fluckiger, from
crystalline matter obtained during the distillation of oil of nutmeg.
See P. J. [8], vol. v., p. 136; small specimens of the a regan of
sodium and barium are enclosed i in the same botile.
816. Panam Aor. HC, Hy Os
. a. Commercial specimen.
b. Crystalline cakes, melting point 182° to 140° Fahr.
c. Crystalline cakes, melting point 140.8° Fahr.
Note.—Specimen b is a finely crystallized cake of the ‘‘ Best Palm
Stearine” of commerce, and specimen ¢ is nearly pure. These speci-
mens were presented by Mr. J. Wilson, manager of Price’s Patent
a, Candle Co.
-——s«. Marearic Aor.
j * a. Pearly crystalline scales.
A , Note.—This specimen is probably a mixture consisting chiefly of
] stearic and palmitic acids. It is the margaric acid of Chevreul.
518. Srearic Acw. HC;, Hy; Og.
a. Pearly crystalline scales, melting point 155° Fahr.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Mr. J. Wilson, manager of
Price’s Patent Candle Co., and is as pure chemically as possible.
519. Oreic Aci. HC, Hyg Op.
a. Colourless oily liquid, pure.
LACTIC SERIES, Cy Hon 03.
520. Lacric Aci. HC, H; Os.
a. Pure, concentrated, sp. gr. 1°210. ’
b. Diluted, for medicinal purposes, sp. gr. 1°030. :
KINIC SERIES, Cy Hu—2 06
521. Kinic Acip. HC, Hy, Og. (Quinic Acid.)
a. Crystals.
d BENZOIC SERIES, Cn Hu ~s Or,
522. Benzoic Aci. HC,H;Q,. .
a. Crystals.
b. Ditto.
ce. Ditto, from elephant’s urine.
Note.—Specimen a was obtained from Palambang benzoin, a sample
of which will be found in the Materia Medica Collection, No. 361.0.
Specimen b was obtained from hippuric acid, prepared from urine.
523. Benzoic Cutoripk. C,H;OCl. (Benzoyl Chloride.)
a. Colourless pungent liquid.
524. Hippuric Act. HC,H, NOs. (Benzamidacetic Acid.)
a. White acicular crystals. 9
Note.—Specimens 523 and 524 are placed here for the sake of con- ~~
venience, ‘ . 8 aaa
~
OXYBENZOIC SERIES, C, Hy ~3 03
‘525. Sanicyzic Acmw. HC, H; O3.
a. Crystalline powder, not anita pure.
Bibasic Acids.
b. White crystalline powder.
Note——This specimen was prepared from carbolic acid; it is Roe
pinkish colour. a
GALLIC SERIES. Cy Hya—u 0s .
526. Ganito Act. HO,H,0;. (Dioaysalicylic Acid. Trioayben-
zoie Acid.) hi
a. A commercial specimen.
b. In nearly white acicular crystals.
c. A fine Rupee: Presented by Messrs. Morson & Son.
CINNAMIC SERIES, Cn He ~10 02, j
527. Crnnamic Acrp. HO, H, 03.
a. Crystalline scales.
BIBASIC ACIDS.
MUCIC SERIES. Cy Han —1 Os, : ~
528. Mucic Actp. Hy, C, Hy Ox. iP
a. White powder. . Adi
SUCCINIC SERIES, Cy Ho—204
529° Oxartc Acip. Hy C, O,. ly a
a. Commercial specimen. a
b. Large rhombic prisms. ‘ 5
c. Small acicular crystals, pure. ~ -
Note.—Specimen c much resembles ordinary Epsom’salts in appear- 5 F
ance, #5
530. Succrnic Acip. H, C, Hy, O,.
a. Crystallized.
531. Superic Aci. Hy Cg Hy, Oy. -
| a. Crystalline powder. | r
532. Sesacic Aci. Hy C9 H,,O,. (Sebic Acid.)
a. Pearly crystalline scales, ;
MALIC SERIES. Cy, Hm-2 os i
583. Matic Aci. H,O,H,O,. ~
a. Deliquescent prismatic crystals. ¢
TARTARIC SERIES, Cp Hn—2 On )
534. Tartarnio Act, H,C,H,O, (Deztro-tartarie Acid.) as
a. Crystals. , a
885, Pacmag Acw. ey H, Os Liere tories Acid.) ua D
iS pr Fi hs
Vote. —Thi: Pe urea Sissihenla Maid Guatucnd:by Ceska
between 1820 and 1824. It was exhibited in 1851 at the International
_ Exhibition, and was purchased at its close by Professor Redwood, by whom
this specimen were presented to the Society. For distinctive characters
of the crystals, see Pownce, Chemistry, #790. ia
y ‘ CAMPHORIC SERIES, On Hon —4 0.
br 5 536. Campnroric Actp. Hy Cio Hy, Oy
_ @. Crystalline powder.
PHTHALIC SERIES. Cy Hon—1w 04
537. Patuatic Actip. H,C,H,O,. (Orthophthalic Acid, Alizaric,
or Naphthalic Acid.)
a. Pale yellowish powder.
TRIBASIC ACIDS.
TRICARBALLYLIC SERIES. Cy Hon—4 On
538. Crrrtc Aci. H, C,H; Oz.
a. Crystals.
ACONITIC SERIES. Cy Han—¢ Oz,
539. Aconrtic Actp. H,;C,H,0;. (Citridic Acid, Equisetic Acid.)
a. Pale fawn-coloured powder.
MECONIC SERIES. Cy Hon—10 O07,
540. Mrcostc Aci. H,C, HO,.
a. Impure, in acicular crystals.
b. Pure, in acicular érystals.
lt we pee 2a
s
ay 4
ACID CYANOGEN COMPOUNDS.
a 541. Hyprocranic Acip. H Cy. (Hydrogen Oyanide, Prussic Acid.)
. ' a Colourless liquid. (Scheele’s Prussic Acid.)
_b. Colourless liquid. (Acidum Hydrocyanicum dilutum,
:, Pr BP.)
: Note.—Specimen a contains 5 per cent. of anhydrous acid, and speci-
Ss men b, 2 per cent.
ei} 542. Hyprorzrrocyanic AciIb. aia Cy,. (Hydrogen Forreeys <=
; : anide.) . ©.
. ae a, White powder. gs ae
544,
545.
546.
547.
548.
549.
550.
551.
552.
553.
554.
222
COMPOUND AMMONIAS OR AMINES, ©
Trimeruytamine. N (C Hs)s.
a. Solution.
Note.—This liquid has been lately used in the treatment of rheuma-
tism. It is this organic base which gives the peculiarly fishy odour to
herring brine and to the leaves of Chenopodium olidum, Curt., and ina
slight degree to ergot of rye. See P. J. [3], vol. iii., pp. 661-671.
TRIMETHYLAMINE Hyprocatoratse. N (CH;), HCl.
a. In small cubical crystals.
AmytamInE. NH, (C; H,)).
a. A colourless liquid with an ammoniacal odour.
AmytamIne Hyprocatorate. N H, (C; H,,) HCl.
a. In crystalline scales.
Note.—This substance has been tried in typhoid fever. See P. J. [3],
vol. iv., p. 490. This specimen was presented by Messrs. Robbins & Co.
BASES OBTAINED FROM COAL TAR.
Antuine. Cz H, N. (Monophenylamine, Kyanol, Benzidam, Phena-
mide. )
a. Brownish oily liquid.
Note.—When first prepared this base was colourless, but has become
darkened by exposure to light.
AntuinE Cutoripg. ©, H, (Cl) N. (Chloraniline.)
a. Blackish granular powder, crude.
ANILINE SutpHate. (Cy H,),H, SO.
a. Grey granular powder, crude.
Tororine. C,H,NH,. (Amidotoluene, Para-toluidine.)
a. Crude, in brownish micaceous crystals.
BASES OBTAINED FROM ALDEHYDES.
Furrurine. C,; Hi, Ng Os.
a. Brown crystalline powder.
Note.—This specimen was prepared by Professor Fownes, from furfurol
made by the late Mr. T. N. R. Morson, See Furfurol, p. 217.
FourrurinE Nirrats. C,; Hy, N, O; NOs.
a. Brownish crystals.
Note.—This specimen was also prepared by Professor Fownes.
NATURAL ORGANIC BASES, ETC.
AconttinE. Cg)H ,NO,. ?
a. White opaque lumps.
F 556.
566.
55. ApoMORPHINE HypRocntorate, O,7 Hy, NO, HCl.
557.
. Besrertne Hyprocutorate.
. Bespeertne SutpHare.
. BERBERINE.
. BRucIne.
. Bructne SubpwHare.
. CINCHONINE.
. Crncnonine Hyprocutorate.
. Crncmontprine.
. CopEIne,
a. In acicular crystals.
Atropine. C7 Hy; NOs.
a. Small acicular crystals.
Arropine Sunpwate. (C), Hy; NOs) Hy SO,
a. White granular pieces. x
O\g Hy, NO,HCl. (Bibirine
Hydrochlorate.)
a. Dirty-white granular crusts.
(Cy Hy NOs). H, SO,.
a. Dark brown pseudo-crystalline scales.
On Hy NO;. _
a. In yellowish powder.
Note.—For other specimens see the Hanbury Collection. For identity
of this alkaloid with buxine and pelosine see P. J. [2], vol. xi., p. 192.
Cop Hog Ng Oy.
a. In minute acicular crystals,
(Cag Hyg Ny O4)2 Hy SO,
a. In nearly white crystalline powder.
. CAPSICINE.
a. Dark brown pungent oily liquid.
Note.—This substance is the capsicine of commerce. It i is acomplex
body, consisting chiefly of volatile oil and resin. Pure capsicin occurs
in crystalline scales. See Pharmacographia, p. 408.
Cy Hy, Ny O.
a. White crystalline powder.
Co Hy N, O H Cl.
a. In minute acicularérystals,
Note.—This substance is very similar in appearance to sulphate of
quinine.
Cincuontne Sutrwate. (Cy) Hy, Ny O), Hy SO,.
a. Sparkling crystalline powder.
b. Prismatic crystals.
Cy Hy N, O. (The Quinidine of Winckler &
Leers.)
a. Minute sparkling crystals.
Note.—This specimen consists of the cinchonidine of Pasteur. See
Pharmacographia, p. 321. P. J. (8), vol. iv., p. 671.
Ci, Hy, NOs.
a. In rather large octahedral crystals. .
Note.—For fig. of crystals see P. J. [1], vol. vi. p. 561 .
Conune. O©,H,;N. (Cicutine.)
a. Brown oily liquid. .
_
Ss
a
924
Alkaloids.
570. Coyne Hypropromate. C, H,; NHBr.
a. Transparent six-sided tabular crystals.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Messrs. Morson & Son. The
crystals are neutral, and do not appear to be deliquescent, as is sometimes
stated. Some very perfect crystals may be seen in the central case in
this museum, in which crystalline forms are illustrated.
571. Detpnine. Cy, H;; NOs. -
a. Nearly white powder.
572. Emetine. Coo Hg Ng O; ?
a. Pale brown powder.
Note.--When pure, emetine is colourless. For formule suggested for
the alkaloid, see Pharmacographia, p. 335.
573. MENISPERMINE. Oj, Hj, NOg. aa
a. White crystalline powder.
574. Morpnine. ©, Hyg NOs.
’ a. White acicular crystals.
575. Morpuine Acrtate. ©, Hy NO, HC, a; Oz.
a. Pale fawn-coloured powder.
576. Morpaine Hyprocutorate. ©), Hy NO; H Cl.
a. White powder.
577. Morpuine Iopipg. Cy, Hy NO; HI.
a. Crystalline powder.
578. MorpHine VaLERIANATE. (C,, Hy) NO3, HC; Hy O,.
a. Pale brown powder.
579. Narcotine. Og, Hy, NHy.
a. Impure, in prismatic needles.
b. Pure.
Note.—The basic properties of this substance are very feeble ; although
freely soluble in acids, it does not for the most part form crystallizable
_ salts with them and is neutral to test paper.
580. Narcemne. Cgg Hog NHg.
a. Acicular crystals.
581. Papavertne. CO, Hy, NH, .
a. Yellowish crystalline powder. “4
582. Prnocarpine Nitrate. C3 Hz, N, O, HNO.
a. In tufts of acicular crystals.
583. Prnocarrrne Puospwate. C3 Hy, Ny O, HPOs.
a. White crystalline scales.
Note.—These specimens were presented by Mr. A. W. Gerrard, who be
was the first to prepare the alkaloid in this country. See Journ. Chem. Din
Soc., Oct. 1876, p. 367. P. J. (3), vol. v., p. 965. '
584, Quinmping. Co Hy Ng Op.
a. White amorphous pieces. |
588 Gants SuupHare. (Cy) Hy, Ny Og)y Hy'S Oe
z a. White silky crystals.
a. A white granular florins.
587. Quinine Acetate. C,) H,, N,O, H C, Hy Oy.
; a. Minute acicular crystals. -
588. Quinine Arsenate. (Cy Hy, Ny Og)s H; As Oy.
a. Minute acicular crystals.
589. Quinmve Crreate. (Cy Hy, Ng O,); H; C, H; O07.
a, Minute acicular crystals.
590. Quinine Ferrocyant. (C2o Hos N2 O,)4 Hy Fe Cys.
: a. Pale green powder,
591. Quinine Hyprare. Cy) Hy, Ny O03, Hy O.
a. White amorphous pieces.
592. Quinine Hyprocutorate. Cy Hy, N; O, H Cl.
a. Silky crystals. t
593. Quinine Hypriopate. Cy H,, N, O, H I.
a. Pale yellow powder.
594. Quinine Kratz. Oy Hy, N, 0, H C, Hyg Og.
a. Dark brown extractiform pieces.
595. Quinine PoospHate. Cy Hy, N, O, H P Oz.
a White acicular crystals.
596. Quinine SutpHatTe. (Cy Hy, N, 03). H, SO.
a. Silky crystals.
597. Quintne Actp SunpHate. Cy Hy, Nz O. H, S O,.
a. Crystalline lumps, slightly discoloured.
598. Quryine Tartrate. (Co Hos No O2)2 He Cs Hea Og.
a. Small acicular crystals.
599. QuintnE VALERIANATE. Coo Hog No O2 HCs Hy Ov,
a. Minute acicular crystals.
b. Flattened prisms slightly discoloured.
e. White granular powder.
600. Qurnompine. (Amorphous Quinine, Chinoidine.)
a. Amorphous black extractiform mass.
Note.—This substance consists of quinine and other alkaloids of
Cinchona bark in the amorphous state,
601. Sotanine. C43 Hep NOjg.
a. White powder.
Note.—This body is not a pure alkaloid, but a conjugated RSE 2 ‘ot
an alkaloid, solanidine, New Hs NO, with sugar. See Bharmenggreess:
= Q
~~.
-~-
~ ’
-
. Alkaloids and Amides.
602.
603.
604.
605.
606.
607.
608.
609.
610.
611.
612.
613.
614.
615.
616.
For fig. of crystals, see P. J. [1], vol. vi., p. 560,
226
Srkycunine. Oy, Hy. Ng Og.
a. Prismatic crystals.
Srrycunine Acetare. Cy, Hy Ny O, H Cy Hy Ox. a
a. Crystalline powder. i
Srrycunme Arsenrre. (C; Hy, Nz O)3 Hy As Os. a
a. Acicular crystals. 4
Strycunine Hyprocatorate. Cy Hz, N, 0, HCL. é
a. Silky crystals.
Srrycunine Hypriopats. C,, Hy, N, O, HI.
a. Acicular crystals.
Srrycnnine Nirratz. C,, Hy» No 0, HNO.
a. Shining acicular crystals
Srrycuyine Sunpwate. (Cy, Hog Ng Og). He 50,
a. Minute cubical crystals.
Meruyt-Srrycunia. Cy, Hy, (CH3) Ng Og.
a. Yellowish prismatic crystals.
- Note.—This alkaloid is stated to be non-poisonous. See P.:J. [2],
vol. i., p. 561.
THEBAINE. Cj) H,,NO;. (Paramorphia.)
a. Crystalline powder.
Toews. OC, Hy) N, Oz.
a. Silky crystals, obtained from tea.
b. Ditto, obtained from coffee.
c. Ditto, obtained from guarana.
VERATRINE. Oso Hy. Ng Og.
a. Amorphous white pieces.
AMIDES.
Acrtamipe. NH, (C,H, 0). .
a. White acicular crystals. |
Oxamipg. N, H,(C, 0,)”. 7
a. White powder. |
Unga. N,H,(CO)’.
a. Colourless four-sided prisms.
Note.—This substance has the same empirical formula as carbamide,
from which, however, it differs in its product of oxidation. Iti is Pisead
here as having the composition of an amide.
Asparacin. N H, (C,H, N O,).
a. Colourless, rather large crystals.
Note.—This body has the constitution of an amide of nares acid.
,
- - Pa
o i ot
_ ». Ae
617.
-
618.
619.
620.
621.
622.
623.
© >. 624.
‘Une Ac. H,C;N,H, 05. (Lithie Acid.)
a. White powder.
b. Boa constrictor’s excrement.
Note.—Specimen b consists almost entirely of uric acid and ammonic
Attantorn. C,N, H, 0,.
_ @. Brilliant prismatic crystals.
Note.—This specimen was prepared by the action of peroxide of lead
on uric acid.
Attoxan. ©, N, H, 0,
a. Rectangular prismatic crystals.
Note.—Obtained by the action of cold nitric acid on uric acid. The
crystals have a purplish tint, acquired by exposure to light.
Auttoxantin. C, N,H, 0, + 3aq.
a. Colourless oblique rhombic prisms.
Note.—Produced by the action of hot dilute nitric acid on uric acid.
Parapanic Activ. C,;N,H,0O;. (Paraban.)
a. Colourless thin prismatic crystals.
Note.—This substance results from the action of hot moderately strong
nitric acid on uric acid.
THIONURATE OF AMMONIUM.
a. In colourless minute scaly crystals.
Note.—Formed by the action of sulphurous acid and ammonia on
alloxan.
b. Recrystallized.
Note.—These crystals have a pink tint, which is assumed on re-crystal-
lization, apparently by loss of one molecule of water at 100° Cent.
ce. Crystalline powder, of a yellowish tint.
Note.—This yellowish colour is probably due to the presence of some
xanthinine, which is formed when thionurate of ammonium is heated to
290° Cent.
Urami. CO, N, H; O,. (Dial arenes Uramile.)
a. White crystalline powder.
Note.—This substance is obtained by the action of hydrochloric acid on
thionurate of ammonium.
Morexwwz. O,N,H,0,+ aq. (Prout’s Purpurate of Ammonia.)
a. Square Sieieinahio crystals.
Note.—These small crystals have a green metallic lustre, but by
transmitted light are deep purplish red. ‘
COLOURING PRINCIPLES, ETC. 2
. 625. Inpico. Cyg Hyp Ny Oy.
a. In deep blue lumps, with a coppery lustre.
_b. Sublimed, in acicular = (Indégotine.)
us -f
228
‘Colouring Principles.
626. Isatin. Cj, Hy Ny Oy
a. Deep red prismatic crystals.
Note.—Prepared by treating indigo with sulphuric acid and bichromate
of potassium.
627. Anttic Aciv. C,H; N O,.
a. White crystalline powder.
Note.—Formed by the action of boiling nitric acid on indigo.
628. Anturaninio Acip. C,H,NO,. (Phenyl-Carbamic Acid,
Oarbanilic Acid.) ]
a. White powder.
629. Litmus.
a. Deep blue angular fragments. 1
Note.—Obtained from Roccella fuciformis, R. tinctoria, and R. Mon- °
tagnei. See Mat. Med. Catalogue, p. 160, No. 133.
|
‘
7
630. Aizartn. C,,H, 04. | _
a. Bright red acicular crystals. |
_ Note.—This specimen was prepared by sublimation.
631. Porrurtn. C,, H, O;. .
a. Dark red acicular crystals.
Note.-—Obtained from madder by treatment with alum and sulphuric :
acid. :
632. GARANCIN.
a. Purplish powder. .
Note.—Produced by the action of sulphuric acid upon madder.
633. Hamatoxynin. Cj, Hy, Og.
a. Small lumps consisting of radiating prismatic crystals.
Note.—Obtained from logwood. See Mat. Med. Catalogue, p. 86,
No. 194.
634. Purrer. (Indian Yellow.)
a. Yellow amorphous pieces.
Note.—This substance is said to be made from camel’s urine. It is
used in oil, and water-colour painting. It is stated to be a magnesia salt
of euxanthic acid. See P. J. [1], vol. iv., p. 417.
635. Curysammic Acrp. C,, Hg Ny Ojg.
a. Yellow powder. ©
Note.—Obtained by the action of nitric acid on aloes.
636. CurysammaTe or Porasstum. K C, HN, Og.
a. Dark brown crystalline powder.
Note.—The crystals have a greenish metallic lustre, like that of
murexide. yin ;
.
sin ee ee: ee ts
aaa Ga capuied REM MEE cle shakers
specimen b from Goa powder by benzol; and specimen ¢ from Goa powder
oo ecamgagee b and c were prepared by Mr. Postans. See Mat. Med.
“Catalogue, p. 83, No. 178; P. J. [8], vol. vii., p. 664.
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230
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
DERIVED CHIEFLY FROM THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.
638. AtBomEeN. (Albwmin.)
a. Prepared from serum of blood.
b. Prepared from eggs.
Note.—Specimen b has the property, when in the liquid state, of
giving a precipitate when shaken with ether.
c. Vegetable albumen.
639. Proretn. (Potassium Albuminate.)
a. Whitish sandy powder.
640. Casuin. (Alkali Albuminate.)
a. Obtained from milk.
641. Fisrin.
a. Animal fibrin, obtained from fresh blood by stirring it.
b. Vegetable fibrin, obtained from oatmeal.
642. Hamatin. Ogg Hiog Nyo Fes Oj.
a. Blackish extractiform substance. -
643. Pepsin. :
a. Prepared from the stomach of the calf.
b. Prepared from the stomach of the pig.
Note.—Specimen a is a mixture of pepsin and starch such as is
usually met with in commerce.
644, GELATIN.
a. Obtained from calves’ feet.
b. Grenatin.
c. Vegetable gelatin. (Gliadin, Gluten.)
d, Ditto, prepared from seaweed in Japan. ((elose.)
Note.—Specimen c was obtained from wheat gluten by treatment with
boiling aleohol. For various kinds of natural gelatin, see Collection o
Animal Materia Medica, p. 259, No. 800 to 817. For gelose, see P. J. (2)
vol. i. p. 470; Hanbury, Science Papers, p. 207.
645. Grycocine. (Glycocoll.)
a. White powder.
Note.—Obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on gelatin.
646. Leucine. (Caseous Oxide, Amidocaproic Acid, Aposepedine.)
a. White shining scales. ‘
Note.—Obtained by the action of boiling solution of potassium
hydrate: on gelatin. (Glycocine and leucine partly on account of their
being derived from gelatine, and partly because of their anomalous nature,— ~
being capable of acting either as acids or bases,—are more conveniently
placed among the animal organic compounds than elsewhere. See Fownes, ;
Chemistry, pp. 895, 896.)
a ist ave * Orange-red fakes.
=} Th Note.—Obtained by the action of nitric acid on tyrosin. See Ann.
Chem. et Pharm., vol. cxvi., p. 87.
649. Gurcocnontc Acro. Cog Hyg N Og.
a, White acicular crystals.
ey —Oceurs in oxgall, combined with sodium or potassium.
650. Cuontc Act. C3, Hy O;. (Cholalic Acid.)
a. White powder.
Note.—ODBtained by the action of boiling solution of potassium hydrate
on glycocholic acid.
651. Tavrocnoric Actp. Cy, Hy, NS O;.
a. White powder.
Note.—This acid is one of the censitiaetito of oxgall.
652. Tavrin.
a. In rather large transparent hexagonal prisms.
Note.—Obtained by the action of boiling alkali or acid on taurocholic
acid. See Collection illustrating Crystallography, for some very perfect
erystals of this substance. .
653. Pancreatin. (Pancreatic Oil, Pancreatic Fluid.)
a. Oily fluid.
Note.—This specimen was prepared by Professor Redwood.
654. Creatine. Cy Hy N; O;, 2H, O.
a. Prismatic crystals.
Note.—Obtained from the juice of meat, etc. It is a neutral substance.
- 655.-Creatisins. Cy H, N, O.
a. Prismatic crystals.
Note.—Obtained from creatine by the action of strong acids. It is a
strong base.
a ay i
232
SPECIMENS ILLUSTRATING CRYSTALLOGRAPHY.
The following series of models are in glass boxes, showing in their
interior, by means of wires of different colours, the chief forms
derived from the typical erystal which the bow represents. These
forms are arranged in this list, as if commencing from the centre and
proceeding to the outside of each glass bow. For representations
of these forms, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i. p. 142-147. The
numbers in parentheses refer to the figures in that work :—
656. I. Recutar System. (Tetrahedric, Monometric, Octohedral,
Cubic, Equal-axed system.)
a. Cube (Fig. 17) showing the following forms :—
Red, cube. (fig. 20.)
Yellow, octahedron. (fig. 18.)
Dark Blue,* rhombic dodecahedron. (fig. 19.)
Black line in glass itself, tetrahedron. (fig. 21.)
b. Cube.
Yellow, *octahedron.
White line in glass, tetrahedron.
c. Cube.
Red, cube.
Pale yellow, octahedron.
Dark blue, rhombic dodecahedron.
Orange, *trapezohedron.
Green, *four-faced cube.
d. Cube.
White, cube octahedron.
Green, macles.
Red, cube.
Yellow, *octahedron.
White and blue lines on the glass, tetrahedron.
Note.—In the above models some forms are more easily distinguished
in model a than in b,c, or d, and vice versa; those which are most s
readily seen are marked with an asterisk in the list.
It will be observed that the same colour indicates the same form
in each model; thus yellow is the colour used for the octahedron, red
for the cube, orange for the trapezohedron, dark blue for the rhombic 4
dodecahedron, and white on one side and dark blue or black on the
opposite side for the tetrahedron. All the above models will also be_ x *
observed to have three equal axes, each of which is at right angles to the
others; these, are indicated by the red wires in the centre of each
cube.
Todide of Potassium. -
Bromide of Potassium.
658. OcraHEDRON.
Alum, small octahedra.
‘Ditto, a large octahedron.
Chrome alum, ditto.
Chrome alum and common alum crystallized together in
one octahedron.
Note.—These remarkably fine octahedra were prepared and jéesented
by Mr. W. Copney. See P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 536.
659. Doprcanepron.
Iron Pyrites.
660. Hottow Pyrramips.
Chloride of Sodium.
Models in wood of the following crystalline forms, also belonging to the
cubical system, will be prs in the upper compartment of case
No. 9:—
e. Octahedron.
f. Rhombic dodecahedron.
g. Trapezohedron.
h. Tetrahedron.
661. II. Square Prismatic System. (Pyramidal system, 2 and 1
; axed system.)
a. Glass model (fig. 24), showing the following forms :—
White, short octahedron with square base.
Yellow, long octahedron with square base.
Black lines on the glass, square prism.
Note.—In this system the two horizontal axes, indicated by red wires,
are equal in length, while the vertical one is either longer or shorter than
the two horizontal axes; all three axes being at right angles to one
-, another,
; ; 6. Crystal of Ferrocyanide of Potassium. -
Note.—This is a short octahedron with a square base; SE Pr
this specimen is truncated. Ce a
c. Wooden model of Ferrocyanide of Potassium.
__¢. Wooden model of Mercurous Chloride. ;
; Note.—For a of this model, met iter Transl. of Pharm., p. 310.
<=
Pi a, ? =
» .
Crystallography.
d. Wooden model of Mercurie Cyanide.
_ Note.—For fig of this model, see Per, Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 947, fig. 147. —
The specimens c and d will be found in the upper compartment of the
central case, No. 9, facing the glass models.
662. III. Ruomsonepric System. (Hewahedral System. The 3
and 1 axed system.)
a. Glass model (fig. 28), showing the following forms :—
White, rnombohedron, fig. 29.
Blue, hexagonal scalenohedron, fig. 32.
The whole of the model, hexagonal prism.
Note.—In this system there are three horizontal axes of equal length,
at angles of 60° to each other, and one vertical axis, either longer or
shorter than the other three, and placed at a right angle to them. In this,
as in all other glass models, the axes are indicated by red wires.
b. Rhombohedron of Iceland Spar.
Note.—This specimen exhibits well the phenomenon of double refrac-
tion, as may be seen by looking at the single label placed beneath it.
c. Wooden model of an hexagonal prism.
- d. Wooden model of a rhombohedron of Iceland Spar.
663. IV. Riaur Prismatic System. (Prismatic Trimetric System.
land 1 awed system.)
a. Glass mode! (fig. 35), showing the following forms :—
Yellow, octahedron with rhombic base (fig. 38).
Black lines on the glass, rhombic prism (fig. 39).
The whole of the model, rectangular prism (fig. 37).
Note.—In this system all three axes are unequal in length, and placed
at right angles to each other.
b. Crystals and half-crystals of Potassio-tartrate of
Sodium.
Note.—For fig. of these crystals, see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 364.
c. Rectangular prisms of Ferricyanide of Potassium.
d. Right rhombic prisms of Citric Acid.
Note.—For fig. of these ¢rystals, see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 96.
e. Wooden model of Citric Acid. Two specimens.
Note.—One specimen resembles the crystals of the acid exhibited with
the glass models in the central case, and the other is figured in Phillips’
Transl. Pharm., p. 96. They are right rhombic prisms,
f. Wooden model of Rochelle Salt. Two specimens.
Note.—These specimens represent a crystal and a half crystal; the
latter being the most common form of the salt, For fig., see Phillips’ _ i
Transl, Pharm., p. 364, fig. 1, 2. -
g. Wooden model of Nitrate of Potassium. Two specimens.
Note.—For fig. of one of these specimens, see Per, Mat. Med., vol. i.,
p. 540, fig. 87.; the other model has one end of the right rhombic prism
terminating in a hexahedral summit. a: .<
- - . fe . *
~ >
- ‘ {
eh ‘ - .
h. Wooden model of Sulphate of Magnesium. (Right rhom-
bic prisms.) ‘T'wo specimens.
4, Very fine crystal, presented by Mr W. Copney.
Note.—For figures of these models, see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 327,
fig. 1,2. The specimen i is a large, nearly rectangular, prism (inclining
i, to rhombic), with reversed dihedral summits, It was made by a pro-
a cess, of which the details will be found in P. J., vol. x., p. 536.
a j. Wooden model of Sulphate of Potassium. Three speci-
mens.
Note.—For figs. of these specimens, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 503,
figs. 78-81. The larger model, represented by fig. 80., is a compound
erystal, as well as the smaller model (fig. 78), which bears a close resem-
blance to crystals of the prismatic system. The other model (fig. 78) is
a right rhombic prism.
§ k, Wooden model of Sulphur, as it crystallizes in the native
Pe state. Two specimens.
4 Note.—For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 353, fig. 55. This speci-
men is an acute rhombic octohedron. See also Watts’ Dict. Chem., vol.
v., p. 530., fig. 782. ~
1. Wooden model of Potassio-tartrate of Antimony. (Octa-
hedron with a rhombic base.)
Note.—For fig., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 260.
m. Wooden model of Nitrate of Silver. (Right rhombic
: prism.)
Note.—For fig., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. i., p. 507.
n. Wooden model of Bichloride of Mercury. (Right rhombic
¢ prism.)
we : Note.—For fig., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 312.
| o. Wooden model of Sulphate of Zinc. (Right rhombic
prism.) ;
Note.—For fig., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 378.
p. Wooden model of Bitartrate of Potassium. (Right
rhombic prisms.) 'T'wo specimens.
‘ Note.—For fig., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 266, figs. 1, 2.
; 664, V. Osrique Prismatic System. (Monoclinic system.)
a. Glass model showing the following forms.
x _ Yellow, oblique rhombic octahedron.
Black lines on the glass, oblique rhombic prism.
The whole of the model, oblique rectangular prism.
b. Crystal of Sugar. (Oblique rhombic prism.) ;
Note.—This specimen is a large perfect crystal, but is not ee ra
transparent. Presented by Mr. W. W. Stoddart.
ce. Wooden model of Sulphur, as crystallized after tation
and slow cooling. =.
Note.—For fig., see Per. Mat. ws, vol: i., p. 353, fig. 56.
-~
Re eee Te NE Pe ee! eee oe ey a ees
we { \ a
Crystallography.
d. Wooden model of Tartaric Acid.
prisms.) Two specimens.
Note.—For figs., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 264, figs. 1, 2. o
e. Wooden model of Bicarbonate of Potassium. (Right
oblique-angled prism.) Two specimens. nm
Note.—For figs. and remarks upon the resemblance of the crystals to_
_ those of the right prismatic system, see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 346,
fig. 1, 2.
Jf. Wooden model of Acetate of Lead. (Right oblique-angled
prism.)
Note.—For fig., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 333.
g- Wooden model of Chlorate of Potassium. (Oblique rhom-
bic prism.)
Note.—For fig., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 354.
h. Wooden model of Sulphate’ of Sodium. (Oblique rhombic
prism.)
Note.—For fig., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm. +» p. 365.
zt. Wooden model of Borax. (Oblique rhombic prism.)
7. Wooden model of Sulphate of Iron. (Oblique rhombic
prism).
Note.—For fig., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 301.
k. Wooden model of Carbonate of Sodium. (Oblique rhombic
prisms.) Two specimens.
Note.—For fig., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 359, and Watts’ Dict.
Chem., vol. i., p. 794.
l. Wooden model of Sugar. (Oblique rhombic prism.)
Note.—For fig., see Watts’ Dict. Chem., vol. v., p. 470, fig. 781.
665. VI. Dousty Oxstique Prismatic System. ('riclinic, or Anor-
thic system.)
a. Glass model showing the following forms.
Yellow, doubly oblique octahedron.
Black lines on glass, doubly oblique prism.
b. Large crystals of Sulphate of Copper, presented by Mr.
W. Copney.
_¢. Smaller ditto.
d. Crystals of Sulphocarbolate of Calcium.
Note.—Specimens b, e, and d are all obliquerhombic prisms. Speci-
men d consists of remarkably perfect crystals, made by Mr. T. H. Hust-
wick, .
e. Wooden model of Sulphate of Copper.
Note.—For fig., see Phillips’ Transl. Pharm., p. 285.
(Oblique rhombic”
*
*
é
COLLECTION OF MINERALS.
3 ‘4 CARBON.
6 Gedmien (Plumbago, Blacklead.)
a. Foliated. Two specimens.
Note.—Graphite often contains traces of silicam, aluminium, iron,
magnesium, and calcium. See Dana, Mineralogy, 5th. ed., P- 24. Known
—_ molybdena by its deflagrating on heated charcoal, ;
FLUORINE.
. Fivor Spar. Ca F. (Fluorite, Derbyshire Spar.)
a. Amethyst variety, from Derbyshire. (Blue John.)
b. Green variety, from Cornwall. (Chlorophane.)
Note.—Used for the production of hydrofluoric acid. See Dana, Mine-
ralogy, p. 124, for fig. of crystal, etc.
SULPHUR.
.. 668. Native Sutpuur.
| a. Massive, from Dominica.
TELLURIUM.
669. Fourarep Tetturtum. (Magyagite, Black Tellurium.)
a. Three small specimens, from Transylvania.
Note.—This mineral has somewhat the appearance of some varieties of
galena, but differs in being softer, so that it is easily cut by a knife into
thin flexible laminw ; and it gives a greyish sublimate when heated in
contact with air. This mineral consists chiefly of tellurium (15 to 30 per
cent.) and lead, with small quantities of sulphur and lead and traces of
silver and copper. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 83.
BORON.
670. Tixcat. (Native Borate of Soda.)
a. In small crystals, from Thibet.
b. A very large crystal with rounded angles.
c. Massive, from Nevada.
671. Beonmrre. (Hydrous Borate of Lime.)
a, Massive, probably from Asia Minor.
Note.—This specimen is almost pure borate of calcium, and has the
appearance of white marble.
672. Hayescine. (Ulewite, Borocaleite, Hydro-borocalcite.) |
a. In rounded nodules, from Iquique in Peru. ~ t oa
Note.—This mineral consists almost entirely of the borates of calcium a
, and sodium. The nodules, which are rather dirty externally, are formed ~
of agglomerated snow-white, soft, acicular crystals. Yellowish tie
crystals of glauberite (a double sulphate of sodium and calcium) are fre- ;
quently found inside the nodules. Bee Dana, Mineralogy, P. 592. — Ma
: - ' » ~
~ a ee : mo -2
._—o_. ~~ ~ - &
- ‘
‘
_—————— ——_ —<———_—-—-
vj)
673.
674.
675.
676.
677.
| SILICON, Tae
Quartz. (Rock Orystal.). .
a. Mass of large crystals. / a 7
b. Mass of smaller crystals.
ec. Rose quartz, massive.
Note.—Specimens b and ¢ were presented by Mr. H. Pousill They —
originally belonged to a collection made by Mr. J. K. Lord. For $e. eh
the crystals, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 192.
PHOSPHORUS.
AvatiteE. (Native Phosphate of Lime.)
a. Massive. Two specimens. (Phosphorite.)
Note.—Used in making superphosphate manure, etc. See Dana, Mine-
ralogy, p. 530. °
SODIUM.
AxpitE. (Soda Felspar.)
a. Massive. Two specimens.
’ Note.—This mineral is a double silicate of aluminum and sodium, with
traces of iron, magnesium, calcium, and Potassium.
Narrouite. (Zeolite.)
a. In concretions of radiating acicular crystals.
Note.—This mineral consists chiefly of the silicates of aluminum and
sodium, with traces of iron and calcium. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 426.
LITHIUM.
Lepipoutte. (Lithia Mica.)
a. Grey variety. Three small specimens.
Note.—Lithia mica contains from one to five per cent. of lithia. For
analysis, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 315.
678.
679.
680.
PETALITE.
‘a. Pink variety. Three small specimens.
Note.—This mineral contains from two to five per cent. of lithia. See
Dana, Mineralogy, p. 229.
SPODUMENR.
a. Three small specimens.
Note -—Spodumene contains from 4 to 5 per cent. of lithia, sometimes af:
rather more. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 228.
SILVER.
Native Sitver, |
a. Crystallized, a small specimen. ;
s
68 istirees (Suiphuret of Silver, Silver Glave.
> * a. In small aggregated crystals.
Note.—This specimen consists of small tufts of sine scattered over
the surface of galena.
BARIUM.
682. Wirneeirs. (Carbonate of Baryta.)
‘J a. Translucent crystalline lumps.
Note.—Used in making plate glass and beetroot sugar. See Dana,
Mineralogy, p. 697.
683. Barire. (Barytes, Heavy Spar, Cawk, Bolognan Spar.)
a. A large tolerably perfect crystal.
b. A mass of translucent tabular crystals.
c. A mass of opaque tabular crystals.
d. Massive. (Cawk.)
e. Stalactitic, polished, containing sulphate of calcium from
Matlock.
Note.—Specimen a is’about four inches long and three inches broad, and
twodeep. Specimensc and d were presented by Mr. H. Pound. Fora fig.
of crystals, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 616.
STRONTIUM.
684. Srrontianite. (Strontian Spar, Carbonate of Strontian.)
a, Crystallized. Two specimens.
Note.—Both Strontianite and Withenite frequently contain calcium
carbonate. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 699.
685. Cetestine. (Sulphate of Strontian.)
a, Crystallized. Two small specimens.
Note.—These are very pure specimens from the Keuper marls at Bristol.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 619.
: CALCIUM.
686. CaLcrre.
a, Rather large crystals, scarcely translucent.
b. Smaller crystals.
e. Tabular crystals, very white, presented by Mr. H. Pound.
Note.—Specimen c resembles in appearance the crystals of sulphate of
barytes. Dana, Mineralogy, p. 670, fig. 553 a. Specimens a and b are
more like those of rock crystal. Dana, Mineralogy, p. 672, fig. 569, from
which they are easily distinguished by effervescing with acids.
d. Minute crystals, from oolite. -
e. Massive, with a layer of gypsum on its surface. .
_ Note.— For a fine rhombohedron of Iceland ant ee Sy ener
talline forms in Case No, 9.
a
=,
240
687. Gypsum. (Sulphate of Lime.) :
a. A large crystal, from Shotover Hill, Oxfordshire. — Vi
Note.—For other specimens see the case, No. 9, containing crystalline is
forms. For a fig. of crystal, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 637, fig. 535.
b. Satin Spar.
c. Fibrous Gypsum.
d. Alabaster. (Plaster Stone.)
Note.—The name Satin Spar is also applied to fibrous carbonate of lime,
which has a pearly lustre like that of specimen b. It may easily be dis-
tinguished from gypsum by effervescence with acids. See Dana, Mine-
ralogy, p. 638.
ALUMINUM.
688. Bauxite. (Beauaite.) .
a. Massive, of a reddish tint. Two specimens.
Note.—This mineral consists of the hydrates of aluminum and iron.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 176.
689. Cryoxire. .
a. In translucent masses, from Greenland.
Note.—Cryolite is a double fluoride of sodium and aluminum. Both
these minerals and Bauxite, are used as sources of aluminum. See Dana,
Mineralogy, p. 126.
690. Wavetuite. (Devonite, Subphosphate of Alumina.)
a. In greenish globular concretions, having a radiated
structure, from Barnstaple.
Note.—For description, etc., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 576. .
691. Gipssite. (Hydrate of Alumina.)
a. Massive.
Note.—See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 177.
692. ALum SHaxe.
a. From Whitby.
h. Fossils from the lower strata.
ce. Fossils from the middle strata. -
d. Fossils from the upper strata.
GLUCINUM, or BERYLLIUM.
693. Brryt.
a. Four specimens of a pale green hue.
Note.—Beryl is a silicate of aluminum and glucinum with traces of
iron, to which the greenish colour of some specimens is due.
CERIUM.
694. CrriTE. ;
a. Massive, tinged here and there of a peach colour.
Note.—This mineral is a silicate of cerium, lanthanium, and didymium,
and small quantities of those of ironand calcium. See Dana, Mineralogy, 4
p. 413. >:
695. Wahere. “(Magnesia Limestone.)
* a. Massive specimens, from Sunderland. |
Note.—These specimens were presented by Mr. Smith. Several of
them present an appearance like the vertebra of some animal. Dolo-
mite is a carbonate of calcium and magnesium, and is used in preparing
magnesia and magnesium salts. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 682.
Magnesite. (Native Carbonate of Magnesia.)
~ a. Earthy, pure white.
+ b. A fine specimen, presented by Messrs. Huskisson and
Sons.
Note.—These specimens consist of almost pure carbonate of magnesium.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 686.
. Brucire. (Hydrate of Magnesia, Native Magnesia.)
a. Foliated.
Note.—This mineral usually contains traces of iron.
. DIALLAGeE.
a. Foliated, of a pale green tint.
Note.—Diallage is composed of the silicates of magnesium, calcium, and
iron. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 215.
699. Mica. (Biotite, Hexagonal Mica, Uniazial Mica.)
a. In shining lamine.
: Note.—Biotite is chiefly a silicate of magnesium and aluminum, owing
; its brownish tint to a portion of the aluminum being replaced by iron.
700. Aspzstos. °
4 a. Massive, probably from Cornwall. (Amphibole.)
, b. Fibrous, white. (Amianthus.)
Note.—Asbestos is a silicate of magnesium with varying proportions of
| other elements.
701. Tatc. (Soapstone, Steatite, Potstone.)
' a. Massive. (French Chalk.)
P Note.—This mineral is a bisilicate of magnesium with traces of iron
and aluminum.
702. Meurscnaum. (Sepiolite.)
a. Compact.
Note.—Meerschaum is an hydrated silioats of magnesium with traces
co _ of aluminum.
. j . ZINC.
703. Catamine. (Carbonate of Zinc, Smithsonite, Dry Bone.)
m.! _ @. Massive, from Cumberland. :
2 b. Prepared, six specimens. (Prepared Oalamine.) ~
cas _ Note.—This mineral consists chiefly of the carbonate of zine and iron
: with traces of manganese and osasionally other elements See Dana,
Mineralogy, p. 692.
R
i
“Of
704.
705.
706.
707.
708.
709.
710.
711.
712.
713.
242
ELECTRIC CALAMINE. (Silicate of Zinc.) —
a, Massive. |
Note.—Electric calamine consists almost aarey of silicate of zinc.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 408.
Buenve. (Sphalerite, Black Jack, Sulphuret of Zinc.) =
a, Crystalline, containing iron. (Marmatite.) :
b. Ditto. (Phosphorescent Blende.) t
Note.—The black colour of this mineral is due to sulphuret of iron.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 48.
CADMIUM.
Capmium Brienne. (Greenockite, Sulphuret of Cadmium.)
a. Crystallized.
Note.—For fig. of crystals, see-Dana, Mineralogy, p. 59.
COPPER.
Native Copper.
a. Massive, from South Australia. |
Azurite. (Blue Carbonate of Oopper, Blue Malachite, Azure
Copper Ore, Chessy Copper, Chessylite.)
Note.—This mineral is distinguished from the phosphate of copper
(Azurite of Jamieson) by having a blue streak, that of the phosphate
being white. See Dana, Mineralogy, p.'572.
Matacuite. (Green Carbonate of Copper, Green Malachite.)
a. Massive, cut and polished.
Note.—For varieties, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 713.
Cuprite. (Ruby Copper Ore, Octahedral Copper Ore.)
a. Crystallized.
Note.—This mineral consists almost entirely of cuprous oxide; traces
of selenium sometimes occur init. Dana, Mineralogy, p. 133.
Bornitz. (Purple Copper Ore, Variegated Copper Ore, Peacock
Copper Ore.)
a. Massive.
Note.—This mineral is usually variegated with purple and copper-red
and yellow. It contains sulphide of copper, with some sulphide of iron.
See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 44.
Towanire. (Chaleopyrite, Yellow Oopper Ore, Copper Pyrites.)
a. Massive.
Note.—Towanite contains less copper than Bornite and has a less
specific gravity. It is also a mixture of the sulphides of copper and
iron. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 65.
Cuatcocirr. (Copper Glance, Vitreous Copper, Redruthite, Sul- | bes
phide of Copper.)
a. Crystallized, from Cornwall.
e—This Siuieot einickantedeateipnec sad trace of iron.
ae eres bs eine Bap remeron ear ire,
ving ‘a red sublimate when heated. esi NaS 3
a. Five specimens of roasted ore.
b. Pure metal in small nodules.
MERCURY.
715. Curapar. (Sulphuret of Mercury.)
‘a. Massive.
THALLIUM.
716. Taaucirerous Iron Pyrires.
a. Massive.
Note.— This mineral is a sulphide of iron containing thallium and
other metals. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 63.
GOLD.
717. Native. ©
a. On quartz.
TIN.
718. CasstreritE. (Tin Stone, Native Owe of Tin.)
a. Crystallized.
b. Massive, water worn. (Stream Tin.)
c. Pseudomorphic, after felspar.
Note.—Specimen ¢ consist of three not quite perfect crystals. It
probably came from Wheal Contes, near St. Agnes, Cornwall. See Dana,
Mineralogy, p. 158.
719. Sranyrre. (Tin Pyrites, Bell Metal Ore. Sulphuret of Tin.)
a. Massive.
Note.—This mineral usually consists of the sulphides of tin, copper,
iron, and zinc. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 68.
Sy TITANIUM.
720. Rurme. (Red Schorl, Titanite, Native Oxide of Titanium.)
a, Crystalline, of a reddish brown colour.
Note.—Rautile consists almost entirely of titanic acil, with traces of
iron only. See Dana, Mineralogy, p.160.
721. Nirawe or Trrantum. AU ol
a. Crystallized, of a copper-red colour. .
, me Pon bo entooragh, 9 a dials amalaa adet
the aa a an iron fut nace.
>
g
-
722.
723.
724.
725.
726.
727.
. 728.
729.
244
LEAD.
Mimetitz. (Arsenate of Lead.)
a. Crystallized, on psilomelane.
b. Ditto, containing phosphoric acid (Campylite, Phospho-
arsenate of Lead).
Note. —Specimen b was probably ontened from Cumberland. See
Dana, Mineralogy, p. 537.
Crrussite. (White Lead Ore, Carbonate if Lead.)
a. In slender white prismatic crystals.
Crocorte. (Chromate of Lead).
a. Forming a crystalline film on native arsenic.
Note.—For description and form of crystals, see Dana, Mineralogy,
p- 629.
Pyromorpuite. (Phosphate of Lead, Green Lead Ore.)
a. Crystallized. Two specimens.
Note.—This mineral consists chiefly of phosphate, with some chloride —
of lead. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 536.
Gatentte. (Galena, Sulphide of Lead.)
a. Massive, in cubical pieces.
b. Massive, surmounted with octahedra.
c. In cubes, on fluorspar, from Himmelfarth ” mabivag
Freiberg.
d. A specimen from Laxey, Isle of Man.
Note.—Specimen e was presented by Mr. E. L. Crow. It contains also
copper and blende.
The following note is appended to the specimen: ‘‘ This mine (Laxey)
yields per month, from a depth of 215 fathoms, 120 tons of lead (each
ton containing from fifty to sixty ounces of silver), thirty tons of copper,
and from three to four hundred tons of blende.”’
For fig. of the crystals of galena, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 40.
TRON.
PuarMacosiperitEe. (Arsenicated Iron Ore.) a
a. Crystalline.
Srwweritz. (Carbonate of Iron.)
a. Crystallized. (Spathose Iron, Brown Spar.) .
b. Massive, compact. (Clay Iron Stone.) 7
c. Ditto, roasted.
Maenetite. (Magnetic Iron Ore, Octahedral Iron Ore.) oe
a. Massive. pes
b. In distinct octahedra. Hight crystals.
Note.—See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 149. '
f
733.
734.
735.
737.
anire. (I Petia Glas gir)
Le allized, having a metallic lustre. Four specimens.
(Specular Iron Ore.)
ie In concretions, having a radiated structure. (Compact
Oolumnar Hematite.)
Ditto, from Pentuan.
d. Ditto, stratified with red ochre on the surface.
_ Note.—Hematite consists of anhydrous ferric oxide. See Dana,
“Mineralogy, p. 140. Specimen a contains 68-77 of metallic iron. It is
mixed with crystals of smoky quartz.
Goérurre. (Brown Hematite, Brown Fron Stone.)
a. In acicular crystals on quartz. (Needle Iron Stone.)
Note.—See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 169.
. Liwonits. (Brown Hematite, Brown Ochre.)
a. Massive, with a fibrous structure.
b. Stalactitic.
c. Mammillary.
Note.—Limonite consists chiefly of hydrated ferric oxide. See Dana,
Mineralogy, p. 172.
Marcasite. (Radiated Pyrites, Prismatic Iron Pyrites, Cocks-
comb, Spear, and Cellular Pyrites.)
a. A globular specimen.
Note.—This mineral is very liable to decomposition in damp air. It
is a sulphide of iron. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 175.
Pyrite. (Iron Pyrites, Mundic, Bisulphuret of Iron.)
a. A distinct cubical crystal.
b. Crystallized.
Note.—Some very perfect crystals of this mineral will be found among
the specimens illustrating crystalline form in Case No. 9. For fig. of the
crystals, see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 63.
Cast Iron.
a. Containing titanium.
Note.—This specimen was made from the black sand of South Aus-
tralia. It was presented by Mr. Percy Wells.
NICKEL.
_ Koprennroxen. (Niccolite, Arsenical Nickel.)
a. Crystalline. —
Note.—This mineral contains arsenate of nickel, with traces of iron and
sulphur, See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 60.
Meratuic NIcKEL. ee
a. Crude.
b. Refined. Four speoimens:
Nete—One of the apecmens of b has been hammered, to show the “
5 ees, ofthe metal. =
*
=
-
738.
739.
740.
741.
742.
743.
744,
246
COBALT.
Smattire. (Grey Cobalt iia Tin White Conart}
a. Crystalline.
Note.—This mineral is a mixture of the arsenates of cobalt, iron, and
nickel, with traces of copper. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 70.
MANGANESE.
Pyrotusite. (Prismatic Manganese Ore, Gray Oxide of Man-
ganese.)
a. In small masses, having a radiate structure and metallic
lustre. (Polianite.)
b. Ditto, impure. (Varvicite.)
Note.—See Dana, Mineralogy, pp. 166-171.
Mawaanite. (Hydrated Ovide of Manganese.)
a. Massive.
Note. —Manganite gives a brown or brownish-black streak, pyrolusite .
an almost pure black or a bluish-black streak. See Dana, Mineralogy,
p. 170.
Psttometane. (Black Haematite, Black Iron Ore, Compact Black
_ Manganese Ore.)
a. Massive.
Note.—This mineral also gives a brownish-black streak, but is much
harder than manganite. It usually contains manganese and barium
oxides, with occasional traces of other metals. See Dana, Mineralogy,
p. 180,
Ruoponite. (Bisilicate of Manganese, Red Manganese.)
a. Massive.
Note.—For description, etc., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 225.
ANTIMONY. —
Antimonire. (Stibnite, Antimony Glance, Sulphuret of Antimony.)
a. A large specimen.
b. A smaller specimen, from Borneo.
c. Separated from the ‘quartz by fusion.
d. French regulus of antimony.
Note.—Specimen d is an original, almost hemispherical cake, and has
a crystallized surface. For fig. of crystal of antimonite and description,
see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 29. ;
ARSENIC.
Reatcar. (Red Sulphuret of Arsenic, here Germ.)
a. Crystallized.
Note.—This specimen is slightly altered, to orpiment and arsenious |
acid, by exposure. See Dana, Rie. p. 27.
"a: Orpen ou iciasont, ro wall pass
VANADIUM.
746. Vanapate or Leap.
a. Forming a crust on Galena.
Note—For description, ete., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 611. This
specimen originally belonged to the late Professor Phillips.
COLUMBIUM, or NIOBIUM.
747. Cotumpite. (Oolumbate of Iron, Niobite.)
a. In erystalline fragments.
Note.—This mineral consists of the columbate and tantalate of iron
and manganese, the columbic acid being usually twice as much atomically
as the tantalic. It often contains also traces of tin, copper, calcium, and
tungsten. See Dana, Mineralogy, p. 537.
*.
.
4 . CHROMIUM.
: 748. Curomite. (Chrome Iron Ore.)
. a. Massive.
b. Ditto, from America.
Note.—This mineral usually occurs in serpentine. See Dana, Miner-
alogy, p. 154.
. URANIUM.
749. Uranitr. (Torbernite, Phosphate of Uranium and Copper,
,": Uran-mica, Urangliminer.)
a. Crystallized, from Cornwall.
b. Ditto, presented by Mr. H. Pound.
Note.—Uran-mica contains about 60 p.c.of uranium. For description,
ete., see Dana, Mineralogy, p. 585.
750. Uraninite. (Pitchblende, Protowide of Uranium, Uratemnite,
. Uneleavable Uranium Ore.)
a. Massive.
ee sary mineral contains from 60 to 85 p. c. of uranium oxides,
with traces of iron, calcium, magnesium, and silicon.
TUNGSTEN. by a
ge Wourramits. bas oats Tungstate of Iron and Manganese.) ae.
ie a a. |
_ Nati eigioaieas Jon 601-603. ' aa
248
ANIMAL MATERIA MEDICA.
. SUB-KINGDOM, PROTOZOA.
CLASS, RHIZOPODA.
ORDER, SPONGIDA.
SPONGIADZ.
752. Sponaia OFFICINALIS, LL.
a. Horny or keratose skeleton. (Turkey Sponge.)
758. SPONGIA OFFICINALIS, var.
b. Horny skeleton. (Honeycomb Sponge.)
Note.—Both these specimens may be found on one piece of rock under
a glass shade, in the north window, near the Hanbury Collection of Materia
Medica. Specimen b. is one of the varieties of S. officinalis. See P. J. (3),
vol. viii., pp. 106, 121.
c. Burnt sponge. (Spongia Usta.)
’ Note.—See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 719-722.
SUB-KINGDOM, C@LENTERATA.
CLASS, ACTINOZOA.
ORDER, ALCYONARIA.
GORGONIID
754. GoRGONIA FLABELLUM, DL. (Sea Fan.)
a. Sclerobasis or horny axis.
755. Gorgonta PRETIOSA, Ellis. Corattium Rusrum, Lam. (Red
Coral.) .
a.. Sclerobasis or stony axis.
b. Prepared coral.
Note.—For Analysis, etc., see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 723.
SUB-KINGDOM, ANNULOSA.
CLASS, ANNELIDA.
ORDER, HIRUDINEA.
HIRUDINIDZ..
756. SanGuisuGa OFFICINALIS, Sav. (Speckled Leech.)
a, Preserved wet.
b. Model in wax of the alimentary canal.
c. A leech cut open, showing the multilocular stomach
and sucking apparatus.
a. i ‘4 ioidag ta sorodasiea peer
e. Ditto.
t A leech cut open, showing the nervous system and in-
ternal transverse muscles.
g. Ditto, showing the lateral vessels and mucous glands.
- + i Ditto, showing the three layers of muscles.
Pe: -_ 4, Two cocoons, the upper one showing the internal surface.
j. Cocoons and small leeches.
Note.—For fig. of dissections, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 729
to 731.
757. SanauisuGa MEDICINALIS, Sav. (Green Leech.)
‘ a. From Barbary.
b. From Spain.
CLASS, CRUSTACEA.
ORDER, DECAPODA.
i ASTACIDA.
758. Asracus FLuviaTILis, Fab. (Orayfish.)
a. Preserved wet.
b. “ Crab’s eyes” or “‘crab’s stones,”
Note.—Specimen b consists of the calcareous concretions found inside
the animal when about to cast its shell, of which concretions two are then
found in each animal, but disappear when the new shell is formed,
c. Prepared, in small annulated conical masses.
Note.—Specimen ec was presented by Messrs. Allen & Co., Plough
Court. “.
CAN CRIDE. .*
759. Cancer pacurus, L. (Common Crab.)
a. Prepared crab’s claws. |
Note.—Presented by Messrs. Allen & Co.
a CLASS, MYRIAPODA.
: ORDER, ISOPODA.
- ONISCID.
760. Oniscus asetLus, L. (Woodlouse.)
a. Dried. (Millepedes.)
Note.—Formerly official in the London and Edinburgh Pharmacopeia,
Aa
aperient, and diuretic, See Lewis, Mat, Med. 1734, pp. 425, 426.
a
=.
—_)
‘and used in jaundice, asthma, and scrofulous disorders as a resolvent
Se et Ne a a a en
.
250
CLASS, INSECTA.
ORDER, HEMIPTERA.
: APHID,
761. Apuis Pisracta, DL.
a. Horn-shaped galls, from Calcutta. m.
_ Note.—These galls are hollow and horn-shaped, about the size of
the little finger, and contain exuviw of insects, like the Chinese galls.
In taste and appearance they resemble the galls from Pistacia tere-
binthus. In the Indian Pharmacopeia they are stated to be known i
in India under the name of Kakra-singhi, and to grow upon Rhus
succedanea, L.: See Pharm. Ind., p. 59; P. J. [2], vol. vi., p. 462. For
fig., see Hist. des Drogues. 7™¢ ed., vol. iii., p. 501. Moquin-Tandon,
Med. Zoology, p. 156.
. Apuis Pistacia, L.
a. Horn-shaped gall.
Note.—These galls are much larger than the last one, being six inches
long; they are also more compressed. They are attached to a twig of
the tree on which they grow, Pistacia terebinthus, L., and are labelled
apparently in the writing of Daniel Hanbury, “‘Galls of Pistacia
Terebinthus.” For fig., see Hist. des Drogues, vol. iii., p. 500.
763. APHIS SPECIES. P
NI
>
ns)
a. Pear-shaped galls.
Note.—These are reddish hollow galls, collected in Morocco, probably
from Pistacia Atlantica, Desf. In that country they are conee Elleg.
See P. J. [3], vol. iii., p. 625.
b. Bokhara galls.
Note.—These galls are scarcely distinguishable from the last. They are
said to grow in Affghanistan and Cabul, upon Pistacia Khinjuk, Stocks,
and are imported into India under the name of Gul-i-pista, See Pharm.
Ind., p. 59; and for fig. of galls, P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 387.
The above specimen consists of a few galls from Dr. Royle, and some
presented by Mons. Chantre, which were offered in the London market
as Gul-i-pista, in 1876.
764, APHIS SPECIES.
a. Obovate compressed galls. (Cadooca-poo.)
Note.—These galls are flattened or slightly convex, hollow, and obovate
in outline. They are found occasionally mixed with the fruits of
Terminalia Chebula, Retz, and are probably derived from that tree. See
Ind. Pharm., p. 89. Technologist, vol. i., p. 187.
765. Arnis Cuinensis, Bell. (Cauliflower Gall, Woo-pei-tsze.) :
a. Chinese galls. | {4
Note. —These large, irregularly pear-shaped, tuberculated galls have a .
downy surface, and when broken open are seen to be quite hollow, and
ah to have very thin, resinous walls. They yield 52 per cent. of tannin, or
~ about 50 per cent. of beautifully white gallic acid. See P. J. (2) , Vol. ii,
é p. 509; Ee vol. xii., p. 445. For fig., see P.J. [1], vol. iii, p. 386,
cis, sole, 5-197; seid tee of inset, P. J {1}, vol. vii. pp. 310,
766.
767.
811. Moquin-Tandon, Med. Zoology, p. 155
are said to be produced on the branches of Rhus semialata,
Murr. See Repert. fiir Pharm., 8% Reihe, Bd. v., Heft. i., p. 26, 1850;
also Hanbury Science Papers, p. 266.
b. Japanese galls.
‘Note.—These galls, which are imported from Japan, are rather smaller
than the Chinese galls, and of a browner colour. They are probably
produced on a species of Rhus in Japan. For fig., see Technologist, vol. i.,
p. 183; vol. ii., p. 234. :
COCCID.
Coccus Cacri, L. (Cochineal Insect.)
a. Insects in situ, preserved wet. ;
b. Ditto, preserved dry.
Note.—For fig. of the plant on which the insect feeds, and for figs.
of the insect, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 758, 759.
c. Male and female insects with their cocoons.
d. Cocoons.
e. Silver grain cochineal, from Mexico.
f. Good commercial specimen.
g. Granilla.
h. Ditto, sifted and garbled.
« Cochineal garblings.
j. Black grain cochineal, from Honduras.
k. Ditto, inferior quality.
l. Ditto, granilla.
Note.—The black grain cochineal differs in having been dried by artifi-
cial heat, by which the white secretion with which they are covered is
destroyed. Granilla consists of the very small insects. A white appear-
ance is sometimes given to dark cochineal by means of powdered sulphate
of barium, Specimen b was’ presented in the living state by Dr. Dyce
Duckworth.
Coccus Lacca, Kerr.
a. Stick lac, with a portion of the leaves and stem of
_ the plant on which it was found.
Note.—This specimen was slightly damaged during the sea voyage.
b. Light-coloured stick lac.
ce. Stick lac, from Patna.
d. Ditto, from Siam.
e. Ditto, from Singapore.
f. Ruby Button lac.
g. Liver-coloured Button lac, from baeay:
h. Orange-coloured Button lac, 1st quality.
Note.—The different qualities of Miles alate Sasiwit tis eoenmitlien wa
* bloods.”
i. Garnet lac.
-
—
a
~
Coccide.
j- Liver lac.
k. Liver lac.
Note.—Specimen k is intermediate in character eaialatca: liver and
orange lac.
I. Orange lac, 1st aualee:.
m. Block orange lac.
Note.—Specimen m consists of the flakes agglomerated together.
mn. Lac dye, in square cakes.
o. Lac lake.
768. Coccus Psz-La, Westw. Coccus Sinensis, Westw.
a. Insect wax, in situ, from near Ningpo, China.
Note.—This specimen of Chinese insect wax was presented by the late
Daniel Hanbury. For fig. see Science Papers, Hanbury, p. 272; for
description, P. J. [1], vol., xii. pp. 478-484.
Note.—This specimen is probably the one obtained by Dr. M’Cartee, —
of Ningpo, mentioned in Science Papers, p. 71. See also Catalogue of the
Hanbury Herbarium.
ORDER, HYMENOPTERA.
_ GYNIPIDE.
769. Caan TINCTORIA, L.; CyNips SORIPTORUM, Kirtz. (Levant
Galls.)
a. Aleppo galls. (Blue or iran Galls.)
b. Ditto. (White Galls.) Y
c. Roasted.
d. Ditto, in powder.
Note.—Specimen b consists of galls from which the insect has escaped
and which contain less tannin than those which are gathered before
the escape of the cynips.
e. Aleppo galls. (‘ Minutes.”’)
f. Ditto. (Small Crowned Aleppo Galls.)
Note.—Specimen e is probably the coriander gall mentioned by
Pereira; see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., part 1, p. 369. Specimen f differs
very much in appearance from ordinary Aleppo galls, having a variegated
or marbled appearance, and being crowned at the top with a circle of
triangular tubercles which give the gall the aspect of a myrtaceous fruit.
Internally it presents a transversely oval cavity containing the grub. It
was presented by Prof. Guibourt. Both specimens e and f probably pro-
duced by a different species of cynips from that wltich yields the ordinary .
Aleppo gall. For fig. of specimen f, see Hist. des Drogues, 7°™° ed., hn
vol. ii., p. 292, fig. 431. iy
770. Cynirps Koxuart, Hartiy; Cynies petiout, LD.
a. English galls. (Marble Galls, Devonshire Galls.)
b. French galls. :
ce, German galls.
d. Istria galls.
Note.—Specimens a, b, and ¢ are very similar in size and character ;
but specimen d consists of smaller galls, which are somewhat pear-shaped,
being contracted into a short stalk at the base. They are most likely
produced by a distinct species of cynips. For fig. of the French galls, see
Hist. des Drogues, 7%™* ed., vol. ii., p. 295, figs. 438, 439 ; and P. J. (2),
vol. i., p. 473. English galls grow upon Quercus pedunculata and Q. sessi-
flora, Willd; and the French galls upon Q. pedunculata in the north,
and Quercus Ilex, L., in the south of France. For fig., see Entomologist,
vol, vii., p. 241. For description of insect, see Entomologist, vol. iv.,
p. 17, and vol. ix,, p. 53. English galls have been found to contain,
if gathered in August, 17 per cent. of tannin, or about three times as
much as oak bark. See P. J. [2], vol. vii., p. 228; vol. iv. p. 520.
771 Cynips msana, Westw.
a. Large purplish galls. (Bussorah Galls, Mecca Galls,
Apples of Sodom, Mala insana.)
Note.--These galls are more than an inch in diameter, soft and spongy
in the interior, and have a varnished appearance externally. The leaf
of the tree and a portion of the twig is attached to one of the galls, and
appears to belong to Quercus cerris, L. These galls have been stated-
by some writers to be the apples of Sodom, mentioned by Josephus and
others. A gall somewhat similar in appearance is produced in Europe
on Quercus pyrenaica, Willd, by Cynips umbraculus, Oliv. See Westwood’s
Insects, vol. ii., p. 130. For fig. of the Bussorah gall, see Per. Mat. Med.,
vol. ii., pt. 1, p. 347; P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 423.
772. Cynips potycera, Gir.
a. Knoppern galls.
Note.—These galls have a very dudalen Y appearance and structure.
They are broadly obconical in shape, and the broad base of the cone
(i.e. the end farthest from the stem on which it grows) forms a slightly
convex disk surrounded with.a spreading toothed ridge, and having a
small raised point in the centre. When broken open they are found to
contain a hard spherical inner gall, which is coarsely striated. For fig. of
the gall, see Entomologist, vol..viii., p.97. These galls grow in the axils
of the leaves of shrubby specimens of Q. pubescens, Willd.; rarely
on Q. sonellificen, Sm., and Q. pedunculata, Willd.
773. Crnips Resernoes, Gir.
a. Hungary galls. (Piedmont Galls.)
Note.—These galls have a slight resemblance to the last, but are much
more irregular in shape, and the inner gall is thin and fragile, and does
not fill the cavity of the outer one. For fig., see Entomologist, vol. viii.,
p. 73. This gall occurs, slightly differing in form, on Q. sessiliflora,
Sm.; Q. pedunculata, Willd; and Q. pubescens, Willd. It grows upon
the acorn cup, see Hist. des Drogues, 7™® ed., vol. ii., p. 292, fig. 482.
774, ANDRICUS TERMINALIS, Fab. ; Crnips TERMINALIS, Fab. =
a. Gall on the buds of the oak tree. (Oak Apple.)
Note.—For fig., ete.,”see Entomologist, vol, ix., p. 28.
—
Cynipide.
775. APHILOTHRIX GEMM#, L.; Cyrnips recunpAtrix, Hart.
776.
777.
778.
779.
780.
781.
a. Strobile-shaped gall. (Artichoke Gall.)
Note.—This gall consists of a small egg-shaped hard inner gall at the
top of the stem, which is surrounded by an ovate mass of hairy scales,
giving the whole an appearance like a leafy artichoke. These galls
occasionally take the place of buds in our native species, and in Q.
pubescens, Willd. For fig., etc., see Entomologist, vol. viii., p. 146, and
vol. iv., p. 76; Hist. des Drogues, 7¢™° ed., vol. ii., p. 295, figs. 436, 437.
SPATHEGASTER BaccARUM L.; Cynips pepuncuul, L.; SpaTHe-
GASTOR INTERRUPTOR, Hart.
a. Small'galls on the catkins of the oak.
Note.—These small galls are sometimes called currant galls, on
account of their size and usually reddish colour. These galls occur also
on the leaves of the British oaks, and on Q. pubescens. See Entomologist,
vol. x., p. 206.
DrYOPHANTA SCUTELLARIS, Oliv.; Cynips rout, Hart.
a. Galls on oak leaves. (Cherry Galls.)
Note.—This is a red and succulent gall about the size of an ordinary
‘marble. For fig., etc, see Entomologist, vol. ix., p. 121.
NEUROTERUS LENTICULARIS, Oliv.;. N. matricnu, Hart;
CYNIPS LONGIPENNIS, Fah.
Note.—For fig., etc, see Entomologist, vol. x., pp. 86 and 121.
a. Small flat galls. (Oak Spangles.) .
NEUROTERUS NUMISMATIS, Oliv: Nevrorerus Reavmuru, Hart.
a. Small seed-like galls. (Button Galls.)
Note.—These last two kinds of galls are usually found on the under
side of the leaf. The button galls are eaten by pheasants. See
Entomologist, vol. iv., p. 28; vol. x., p. 67.
Ruaopires Rosa, L.
a. Gall on the wild rose. (Bedeguar, Sweet Briar Gall.)
Note.—This specimen belonged to Dr. Pereira.
CyNIps SPECIES. P
a. Tamarisk galls from N.W. coast of Africa.
Note.—This specimen is mixed with twigs of Tamarix articulata.
Presented by Mr. Isaac Pariente. The same galls are known under the
name of Tacout in Morocco. See P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 625.
b. Tamarisk galls, from India.
Note.—These galls were presented by Mr. A. P. Balkwill, of Plymouth,
and were stated by him to contain 30 per cent. of tannin. They are
probably the produce of T. Gallica, L., and T. orientalis, Vahl. See Ind.
Pharm., p. 29. These galls are about the size of peas, and are friable
and fall of small holes internally. See also P. J. (2), vol. vi., p. 462;
Technologist, vol. Bhs p. 234,
782. Cusirs SPECIES.
a. Pear-shaped galls, from the wattle tree.
Note.—These galls are very similar in size and shape to the Bokhara
galls, but are extremely hard and solid, having internally one or two
small holes containing grubs. They are deeply wrinkled externally.
They are probably gathered from various species of acacia, in Australia.
APID#.
783. Avis mexuirica, L. (Bee.)
a. Honey, English.
b. Ditto, Narbonne.
c. Wax, English. (Yellow Beeswaz.)
d. Ditto, bleached. (White Waz.)
784. TRIGONA SPECIES.
785.
a. Liquid honey.
Note.—This specimen was exhibited at the International Exhibition of
1851, in the British Guiana department, by Mr. J. F. Bee. See P. J. [1],
vol. xi., p. 161.
The wild bee producing this honey is stingless, and deposits its honey
in “small separate pouches, from which it may be removed once every
month by making a puncture in the bottom of the pouch, from which
it readily flows,” the insect afterwards speedily closing the opening.
Specimens of these nests may be seen in the British Museum. The
above specimen was collected on Woodlands plantation, River Mahaica,
British Guiana.
VESPID®.
CHARTERGUS SPECIES.
a. Nest. (Marabunta’s Nest.)
Note.—This specimen consists of a pendulous wasp’s nest, with a
portion of the branch to which it is attached. It is of a conical shape, of
the colour of grey filtering paper, which externally it much resembles in
texture, and is marked with inky stains. It probably came from British
Guiana.
ORDER, COLEOPTERA.
MYLABRIDZ.
786. Glass box with cover, containing mounted specimens of the
following species :—
a. Mylabris Cichorii, Fabr., China, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 101,
fig 1. |
b. 4, phalerata, Pall., China, P. J. [3], vol. ii, p.
141, fig. 2.
¢. 3 balteata, Pall., India, lok J. [3], vol. ii., p. 141,
, fig. 3.
d. 4, pustulata, Thunb., India, P. J. [3], vol. ii. p.
141, fig. 4.
é. nS maculata, Oliv., India, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 181.
Mylabride. : ‘a
Jp a melanura, Pall., India, P. J. [3], vol. ii ii., p. 130008 :
g- » oculata, Oliv., India and the Cape of Good ot ope,
P. J. [8], vol. ii, p. 141.
BV, orientalis, Mars., India, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 142.
7. 4, variabilis, Pall., Europe, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p.
181.
j. » lLavatersw, Fabr., Cape of Good Hope, P.J.[8],
vol. ii., p. 261.
- k. Cerocoma Scheofferi, Fabr., South of Europe, P. J. [3], ‘
vol. ii., p. 261. '
787. Mytasris CrcHortt, Fabr. (Chicory Mylabris, Tellini Fly.)
a. Chinese cantharides.
Note.—These insects, mixed with the next species, frequently appear in
the London market under the name of Chinese Cantharides. This species
is smaller than M. phalerata, and the bands on the elytra are of a
brighter yellow colour; the shape of the bands is also somewhat different,
the yellow band near the top of the elytra extending nearly to the thoracic:
section. For fig., see P.J. [8], vol.i., p. 101, fig. 1. It is stated to
contain one-third more cantharidine than the Lytta vesicatoria. .
788. M. puauerata, Pall. (Sida Fly.)
a. Chinese cantharides.
Note.—This species forms the larger proportion of Chinese cantharides.
For fig., see P. J. [8], vol. ii., p. 141, fig.-2.
CANTHARID.
789. Box with glass cover, containing mounted specimens of the
following species :— |
a. Lydus Algiricus, Mars., Italy and Africa, P. J. [3], )
vol. ii., p. 261, fig. 5.
b. , trimaculatus, Fabr., North of Europe, P. J. [3],
vol. ii., p. 262, fig. 6.
c. Halosimus Bevhcas, D.
d. Lytta vesicatoria, Fabr., South of Europe, P. J. [3],
vol. ii., p. 321.
e. 4, dubia, Oliv., South of Europe, P. J. [.3], vol. ii.
p- 322.
f. » Syriaca, Fabr., Syria, P. J. [8], vol. ii., p. 322.
g. 4, segetum, Fabr., Arabia, Sicily, Algeria, P. J. [3], .
"vol. ii., p. 322. 4
h. ,, tibialis, Water., Assam, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 428. ;
i. 4 Assamensis, Water., Assam, P. J. [8], Soh ii., p. Lu
423, fig. 8. ; -, ae
Note.—Lytta tibialis and L. Assamensis are probably forms of the same —
species; the first having the head less thickly punctured, and the pigno f
thoracic epimera clothed with white pubescence.
>
€.
war
-. vol. ii., i yaad :
2 k. ,, atrata, Oliv., North America, P. warn vol. ii,
= p- 503, fig. 9.
_” l. ,, vittata, Oliv., North America, P. J. [3], vol. ii.,
- p. 562, fig. 12.
| J m. ,, Pallasii, Gebl., Siberia, P. J. [3], mes ii, p. 321.
. 4, Note.—This species closely resembles Lytta vesicatoria, and is some-
times found mixed with Russian cantharides. It is distinguished by
Ss having the posterior tarsi toothed, those of cantharides being entire.
n, Lytta anthracina, Hrich, Brazil, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 743.
0 4, adspersa, Kleig, Brazil and Uruguay, P. J. [3],
vol, ii., p. 583; [3], vol. vii. p. 918.
790. Lyrra vesicatoria, Fabr. (Spanish Fly, Cantharides.)
a. French. ;
b. Spanish, mounted specimens.
Note.—For fig., etc., see Per, Mat. Med., vol. ii., p. 743, fig. 117.
P. J. (3), vol. ii., p. 321. For substitutions, see Hist. des Drogues, vol. iv.,
p- 211.
791. L. Roux, Castel. (Yellow Deccan Blister Fly.)
a. From Hyderabad, Nizam. Presented by Dr. Christison.
b. Ditto, presented by Dr. Maclagan.
Note.—Specimen b is the one alluded to by Dr. M. C. Cooke as being
labelled L. ruficollis, in P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 424.
792. L. vrrrata, Oliv.
a. Potato Blister Fly.
Note.—This is not the celebrated insect the possible appearance of
which in Britain is so much dreaded at the present time, and which has
lately committed such ravages in Morth America. ‘ For fig., etc., see P. J.
(3), vol. ii., p. 563.
MELOEIDZ.
793. Mexoe viotaceus, Leach. (Violet Oil Beetle.)
a. Specimens mounted on card-board.
Note.—For fig. of this species, see P. J. [8], vol. ii, p. 822. It
occurs in this country in meadows and pastures, where it feeds on the
leaves of the anemone, violet, hound’s tongue, and various species of ra-
nunculus.
794, Box with glass cover, containing the following species :—
a. Meloe proscarabeus, L., Europe, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p.
743, fig. 15.
Bi b. 4, var. tectus, Panz., England, Leach’s nat sts
tab. 7, figs. 8, 9.
a a aoa os sag cc “* oil beetle.”
¢. Meloe violaceus, Leach, Europe, P. J. [8], vol. ii,
p- 822, fig. 1.
n
wis 7:
, ‘
= A te i hh ate e Un pee oe Oe ’
2 ¢§
258
Meloeide.
d. Meloe variegatus, Don., Europe, P. z [3], vol. it,
p. 822, fig. 18.
e. ,, majalis, L.,S. Europe, P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 822,
fig. 19.
f. 5, autumnalis, Oliv., P. J. [3], vol. ii., p. 823, fig. 20.
g
», coriarius, Hoffm., Germany and Hungary, P. J.
[3], vol. ii., p. 283.
h. ,, brevicollis, Panz., W. Europe, P. J. [3], vol. ii.,
p- 823.
i. 4, , Tuccius, Rossi, S. Europe, P. J. [3], vol. ii,
p. 823.
j» 5 Cicatricosus, Leach, W. Enrope, P. J. [3], vol. ii.,
p. 823.
k. 4, rugosus, Marsh, Europe, P. J. [8], vol. ii,
p. 744, fig. 16.
Note.—For figures of Meloeidw, see Linn. Trans., vol. xi. The following
species are included in the same box with the above, and illustrate the
adulterations occasionally met with in commercial cantharides. None of
‘ the following possess vesicant properties.
CETONIADZ.
l. Cetonia aurata, L.. (Rose Chafer.) Britain.
CHRYSOMELID.
m. Chrysomela graminis, L., Britain. Donovan’s British
Insects, pl. 365, fig. 1.
MELOLONTHID.
n. Diphucephala sericea, Kirby.
CERAMBYCIDZ.
o. Aromia moschata, L., Britain. Ourtis’s Brit.’ Entom.,
pl. 7388; P. J. [8], vol. ii., p. 967.
CHRYSOMELID.
p. Chrysomela graminis, L.
795. CHRYSOMELA GRAMINIS, L.
a. Dried insects.
Note.—Chrysomela fastuosa L. has been detected in the cantharides of
commerce to the extent of 15 per cent. See P. J. [2], vol.i., p. 32.
- CURCULIONIDZ.
796. Larmus macutatus, Fald.
a. Insect and cocoons.
_ Note.—This specimen was presented by the late Daniel Hanbury. The
cocoons are formed upon a species of Echinops, or globe thistle, probably
E. Persicus, Fisch., in Persia. The cocoons consist of a large propor-
tion of the starch of the plant, and contain, besides gum, a peculiar sugar
called Tréhalose, and a bitter principle. See Science Papers, p. 162; and
S., for fig. of insect and cocoons, p.161. See also P. J. [1], vol. xvii,
p. "402. Moquin-Tandon, Med. Moeleres p. 157. i
.* i
~
|
SUB-KINGDOM, MOLLUSCA.
CLASS, LAMELLI-BRANCHIATA.
ORDER, LUCINACEA.
AVICULID.
798. MARGARITIPHORA MARGARITIFERA, D.
a. Prepared pearls.
Note.—For other specimens, consult collection of old English drugs.
See Lewis, Mat. Med., p. 411.
CLASS, CEPHALOPODA.
ORDER, DIBRANCHIATA.
SEPIDZ.
799. Sepia orricrnais, LD.
; a. A large cuttle-fish, preserved wet.
Note.—This specimen was caught off the Isle of Wight.
b. Cuttle-fish bone, very large specimen. Presented by
Mr. A. H. Squire.
SUB-KINGDOM, VERTEBRATA,
CLASS, PISCES.
ORDER, TELEOSTEI.
SCIZNID.
800.-OroLITHUS SPECIES.
a. Swimming-bladder, inflated and dried. (Brazilian Pipe
Isinglass.)
b. Swimming-bladder, rolled into a thin ribbon. (Brazilian
Ribbon Isinglass.)
Note.—For description of spegipen a, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
773.
<i POLYNEMID2.
801. Potynemus Inpicus, Shaw.
a. Penang short-tongue isinglass.
b. Bengal purse isinglass.
_ ¢. East Indian purse isinglass.
d. Picked East Indian isinglass. Presented by Dr. Royle.
Note.—Specimens b,c, and d originally belonged to Dr. Pereira’s collec-
tion, and are those described in his Materia Medica, vol. ii., pt. ii., p.
774. For description of the fish, see Giinther, Cat. Fishes in Brit. Mus.,
vol. ii., p. 826. Penang short-tongue isinglass resembles East Indian
' purse in appearance, ‘but is rather smaller. The air-bladder of this fish
is furnished with numerous appendages (28-35) at its sides, by the scars of
which it may be distinguished from the swimming-bladder of the next
. species. See Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 62.
802. PoLyNeMUS PLEBEJUS Gu. -
; a. Penang poek=ers isinglog.
F _
Polynemide.
803.
804.
805.
806. Smturus Guanis, L. (Shad.)
b. Finest Bombay long-tongue isinglass.
c. Penang leaf.
d, East Indian rolled leaf isinglass.
Note.—Specimens b and ¢ were presented by Mons. Chantre; specimen
d belonged to Dr. Pereira’s collection, and is the specimen described
under that name in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 774. For deserip-
tion of the fish, see Giinther, Cat. Fishes in Brit. Mus., vol. ii., p. 326.
Penang long-tongue isinglass is about fifteen inches long, two and a
half wide in the middle, tapering slightly above and much more below;
it is about 4, of an inch thick.
GADIDZ.
Gapus Morrava, DL. (Cod.)
. Newfoundland cod-liver oil. “=
. Ditto, expressed after six hours. |
Ditto, expressed after twelve hours.
. Ditto, boiled.
Lofoden cod-liver oil.
English ditto.
. Light-brown ditto.
Note.—For composition, etc., see P. J. [1], vol. viii., p. 370; ry, vol. xii.,
pp. 36, 450. For preparation in Lofoden, P. J. [2], vol. ix., p. 312; and
for various preparations, P. J. [1], vol. xvii., p. 36; [8], vol. iv., p. 581;
[3], vol. v., p. 641. For description of .fish, see Giinther, Cat. Fishes in
Brit. Mus., vol. iv., p. 328.
MERLUCCIUS VULGARIS, F'lem.
a. Swimming-bladder rolled out into ribbon. (New York
Ribbon Isinglass.) Two specimens. -
Note.—For method of manufacture, see Amer. Journ. Pharm., vol. xxix.,
p. 513,1857. For description of fish, see Giinther, Cat. Fishes in Brit.
Mus., vol. iv., p. 344. For solubility in water, see P. J. [3], vol. iv.,
p. 471.
en MWe Asa ee
SILURID.
Arius sprcies. (Yeta.)
a. Penang oyster isinglass.
Note.—This isinglass is not described by Pereira. The specimens, which 3
were presented in 1876 by Mons. Chantre, are about two inches long by
3 wide, and 4 inchin thickness. They present the appearance on one side “4
of having been torn from the vertebra. See Ind. Pharm., p. 467. 4
b. Manilla thin cake isinglass.
Note.—This specimen is the one described in Per. Mat. Med., vol.ii., ,
pt. ii., p. 774. In shape and character it is very similar to specimen a,
and is evidently obtained from some siluroid fish. The pieces are cor-
date in outline, about 34 inches long by 4 broad, and about } inch thick.
a. Swimming-bladder, dried and folded. (Soman Be.
Isinglass.)
Deiipete ee station of Ws tx Sot cvey (prmeel Bansove), td
of short staple isinglass, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
_—s-pp. 771, 772, note 8; also P. J. (1), vol. v., p. 66. Somovey leaf occurs
: in flat pieces ten by twelve inches in diameter.
a. Young fish, preserved wet. Presented by Mr. J. 8.
Stutchbury.
b. Swimming-bladder, dried. (Lwmp Brazilian Isinglass.)
ce. Ditto, inferior quality. Ditto.
d. Ditto, split open. (Honeycomb Brazilian Isinglass.)
e. Ovaries dried. (Pardé Isinglass.)
f. Ditto, preserved in spirit.
Note.—Specimen b was presented by Messrs. Morison & Knox, and was
obtained in British Guiana. Specimen ¢ was presented by Mr. Sergeant.
Specimen d is the one described by Pereira in his work on Materia
Medica, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 778. The ovaries were supposed by him to be
those of Sudis gigas; but more recent information shows that they must
be referred to Silurus Parkerii. See P.J. [1], vol. xiii., pp. 270, 271;
% vol. xiv., p. 395. Brazilian lump isinglass is easily known by its shape,
- which resembles that of a torpedo.
) SCOMBRESOCID2.
q 808. Bertone mecatosticma, Ouv. & Val.
a. Penang long-pipe isinglass.
Note.—This variety of isinglass consists of a swimming bladder more
-s than two feet long, about two inches in diameter in the middle, cylindrical
= but tapering to both ends. For description of the fish, see Giinther, Cat.
- Fishes in Brit, Mus., vol. vi., p. 241.
CYPRINIDZ.
809. Apramis Brama, Flem. (Bream.)
- a. Swimming-bladder, inflated and dried.
Note.—Leshovy isinglass is said to be obtained from this fish. See
a Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 772. For description of the fish, see
oH - Giinther, Cat. Fishes in Brit, Mus., vol. vii., p. 300,
, 810. Cyprixus Carpio, L. (Carp.)
; > a. Sizzany, or Sisane leaf isinglass.
_ Note.—This specimen is described in Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii
9. 772.
b. Somovey short staple. (Sizzany Skobly.)
Note -—In small horseshoe shaped pisos about one inch n damdter. r ”
» _
ORDER, GANOIDEI. eS
ACIPENSERIDZ. |
seis toasts, Corry: , +5
. J : \ x q F ' : ba
Acipenseride.
812.
813.
814.
815.
816.
a. Swimming-bladder, dried. (Siberian Purse Isinglass. )
Note.—This specimen is labelled as above, but does not occur in Dr.
Pereira’s catalogue, and the name is put among the doubtful species in —
Giinther, Cat. Fishes in Brit. Mus.
A. Guipenstaptu, Brandt § Ratzeburg. (Osseter.)
*qa, Swimming-bladder inflated and dried, from the
Wolga.
b. Ditto, cut open and dried. (Astrachan Leaf Isinglass.)
Note.—This species has 29-32 lateral shields, which are coarsely radi-
ated, and a short obtuse snout about one-third of the length of the head.
A. Huso, L. (Great Sturgeon, Beluga, or Bielaga.)
* q, Swimming-bladder inflated, from the Wolga. .
+ 6. Ditto cut open, ae and dried. (Beluga Leaf Isin- ot
glass.) |
Note.—This species has 40-45 lateral shields, and the snout is without
osseous scutes above. Beluga leaf consists of the bladder cut open ; the
pieces are 12 or 14 inches in diameter. !
A. Sretiatus, Pallas. (Sewruga.)
* a. Swimming-bladder, inflated and dried, from the Wolga. ;
b. Ditto, cut open and dried. (Astrachan Leaf Isinglass.)
Note.—Isinglass is also yielded by A. ruthenus, L. (Sterlet.) See Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 770. A. stellatus has 30-35 lateral shields,
and the snout is very long and narrow, forming nearly two-thirds of the
head. Astrachan leaf isinglass occurs in pieces 9-12 inches long, and
from 2-4 inches broad in the upper part, tapering to about 1 inch at the
lower end. The three specimens marked withan asterisk are those men-
tioned by Pereira as being presented to him by Professor Ludewig of St.
Petersburg, Oct. 22,1847. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 770, 771. c
A. Srurio, L. (Common Sturgeon.) .
a. Small Thames sturgeon, stuffed.
Note.—This specimen is not quite 4 feet long. The common sturgeon
is distinguished from the other species by having 26-31 lateral shields,
and 11-13 dorsal shields, and by the pointed snout occupying about
half the length of the head. See Redwood, Supplement, p. 151; Moquin-
Tandon, Med. Zool., p. 182; and Giinther, Cat. Fishes in Brit. Mus., vol. |
Viii., p. 334, for distinctive characters of the various species. ta
ACIPENSER SPECIES.
a. Astrachan long-staple isinglass. Two specimens.
b. Patriarch, or finest short-staple isinglass.
*¢. Astrachan cake isinglass. (Lepeschki.)
d. Astrachan fragments. (Kroschki.)
Note.—Specimen d is a dirty inferior isinglass, in irregular lozenge- j
shaped pieces about 1 inch in diameter, and a quarter of an inch in thick-
ness.
*e, Siberian lump isinglass, from the Baikal.
Note.—This specimen consists of small cakes about 2 inches long and
4 inch thick.
817.
818.
f. Siberian Tagine
Note.—This specimen consists of small scraps made up into plano-
convex pieces about 1 inch in diameter and 4 inch thick.
*y. Persian lump isinglass. (Konki.)
Note.—This isinglass appears to have been ‘strung on sticks, being
pierced at either end with a hole nearly 4 inch in diameter. The pieces
are kidney-shaped, about 4 inches long by 2 broad and 1 inch thick.
h. Boiled isinglass.
Note.—This specimen consists of flattened sausage-shaped pieces 3 or 4
inches long, 1 inch broad, and about 4 inch thick.
ti. Isinglass cuttings.
j. Hudson’s Bay purse isinglass.
Note.—The specimens marked with an asterisk were presented by
Professor Ludewig, of St. Petersburg. Specimen j has the appearance of
belonging to some species of Acipenser. It is described in Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 774.
GENERA ET SPECIES INCERTA.
a. Bead, or necklace isinglass.
Note.—In small somewhat translucent pieces about 1 inch long and }
inch in diameter, strung upon cord. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii.,
p- 772.
b. Hudson’s Bay giant purse isinglass.
Note.—For further information on the varieties of isinglass found in
English commerce, see Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 769-778 ; P. J.
[3], vol. i., p. 656.
ORDER, ELASMOBRANCHII.
PRISTIDZ.
PRIsTIS ANTIQUORUM, Lath.
a. Beak of the saw-fish.
Note.—For an account of this fish, see Trans. Linn. Soc., 1794, vol. ii.,
p- 277, pl. 26, fig. 91. This specimen is about 4 feet long, and the teeth,
32 in number on each side, at the upper end are } inch, becoming about
the middle 1 inch, and near the head of the fish 2 inches apart. The
cutting edge of each tooth is on the side furthest from the head.
CLASS, REPTILIA.
ORDER, OPHIDIA.
-BOIDR.
819. Boa consrrictor, DL.
a. Excrement. (Hzcrementum monitoris nilotici.)
Note.—This substance is used as a source of uric acid.
VIPERIDZ.
$20. Pettus Berus, Merrem. (Viper, Adder.)
a. Viper’s fat. *
b. Lozenges. (Trochise de viperd.) Presented by M
Hanbury.
Note.—The fat of the viper was formerly used as an eye cinta end
the flesh made into a broth and wine, supposed to possess invigorat
properties. See Lewis, Mat. Med., p. 665. The lozenges are pasion
shaped pieces about the size of a farthing, and have a bust with some — ae
illegible words around it stamped upon them. he
CLASS, AVES.
ORDER, NATATORES.
SPHENISCIDZ.
821. Eupypres species. (Penguin.)
a. Penguin, from the Falkland Islands, found in guano.
b. Penguin oil. Two specimens, Presented by Mr.P.L. -
Simmonds.
PROCELLARIDZ.
822. FULMARUS GLACIALIS, Buffon. (Fulmar petrel.) =
a. Bird from St. Kilda, stuffed. Presented by Mr. E. C. a
C. Stanford. : -. q
6. Fulmar oil. ; +
ec. Fatty acid from ditto. \
d. Soap from ditto. ‘a.
Note.—For the history of these specimens, see P. J. [3], ia i., p. 374. |
ORDER, CURSORES. ia
STRUTHIONES. a
823. Dromacus Nov# Ho.tanpiz, Lath. (Hmwu.) &
a. Emu oil. Presented by Mr. J. Trix. ‘ ie
b. Egg of the Emu. Presented by Mr. Percy Wells. | *
Note.—The oil is said to be used by the natives in rheumatism. See a
P. J. [1], vol. xv., p. 449.
ORDER, INSESSORES.
CYPSELIDZ.
824, CoLLocaLia EscuLENTA, Gray. (Hsculent Swallow.)
a. Nests. 1st quality. :
b. Ditto. 2nd quality. s +
ec. Ditto. 3rd quality. . -
These specimens were presented by Mr. T. H. Hills. See P. J. (2), a
vol. iii., p. 444. The nests are used in ie epee oe =
sepposed to possess restorative properties. See M ,
Pit
Zool., p. 185. For an account of their produstion, see
p- 534; [2], vol. iv., p. 481.
Bia’ = ,
i O° ere
a. Oil obtained on the dugong.
Note.—For an account of this oil, see P. J. [8], vol. iii., p. 3.
ORDER, CETACEA.
PHYSETERIDZ.
— - 826. Satoru macrocepnatus, L. (Great Cachalot, Sperm Whale.)
a. One of the vertebra. Presented by Messrs. Hopkin &
Williams.
b. Oleaginous fluid found in the head of the sperm whale,
from which spermaceti is obtained.
c. Sperm oil, as imported.
d. Spermaceti.
Note.—The bones of the whale, of which a is a specimen, were im-
ported a few years since as a source of superphosphate manure. For an
account of the production of spermaceti, see Moquin-Tandon, Med. Zool.,
. p. 94; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 798.
yy ORDER, UNGULATA.
| HIPPOPOTAMIDZ.
2 827. Hippopotamus ampatsivs, L.
a. a. Teeth.
: Note.—Formerly used in the manufacture of artificial teeth. Moquin-
‘ Tandon, Med. Zool., p. 81.
i j SUID.
| 828. Sus Scrora, L
. a. Lard oil.
EQUID.
829. Equus Canattvs, L.
a. Calculus.
. Note.—This specimen was taken from the intestine of a large cart-
horse, belonging to Mr. Rice, miller, of Nutshalling, near Southampton.
It is globular; its circumference is 22 inches, and its weight 9}
pounds. Analysed by Professor Attfield, it was found to consist almost
_ tatirely of ammonio-phosphate of magnesium. See P. J. (2), vol. iv., ‘
Lr : p. 242. ~ x _—
BOVIDE. Si 0s
830. Bos Taurus, L. SY il
a. Prepared beef marrow. ' fi. )
___b, Bone shavings. Lay oh wre SMe
ay
266
Bovide.
‘ ce. Dried blood.
d. Solidified milk.
CGOSCERIDZ.
831. Ovis Artzs, L.
832.
833.
834.
835.
836.
_Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 809.
a. Skull and horns of the ram.
b. Prepared mutton suet.
Note.—Specimen a will be found above the cases containing the Han- 4
bury collection.
CERVID..
Capra AdcaGRus, Blasius? (Goat.)
a. Intestinal concretion. (Oriental Bezoar.)
Note.—This specimen consists of two bezoars, one of which is nearly
cylindrical, rounded at the ends, 24 inches long, and an inch in diameter ;
the other is kidney-shaped, 1% inch long, and 1} inch in diameter.
Both have a polished surface, a dark-greenish colour, and laminated
structure. Both specimens give a green mark to chalked paper, by
which character oriental bezoars are distinguished. Oriental bezoars
are taken from the alimentary canal of a wild goat called Pasen by the
Persians, which inhabits Chorasan, and is also produced, according
‘to Kompfer, by an ape called Antar by the Mongols. For further
details, see Phil. Trans., 1846, p. 41; Watts, Dict. Chem., vol.i., p. 584.
b. Ellagic acid, obtained from oriental bezoar.
Note.—For mode of preparation, see Watts, Dict. Chem., vol. ii., p. 484.
Cervus Atcrs, L. (Hlk, Moose Deer.)
a. Shavings of the hoof. Presented by Mr. D. Hanbury.
Cervus Exapuus, DL. (Stag.)
. Hartshorn shavings.
Ditto, calcined.
Ditto, powdered.
. Ditto, prepared.
- Ditto, ditto, in annulated cones.
Oil and spirit of hartshorn.
. Carbonized residue after distillation.
Cervus Dama, L. (Fallow Deer.)
a. Antlers. Presented by Sir E. Landseer.
Note.—For the uses of hartshorn shavings, which were obtained from
all the above species of deer, see Lewis, Mat. Med., p. 253; Per. Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 809. The antlers will be found above the cases
containing the Hanbury collection.
Cervus Taranpus, L. (Reindeer.) _
a. Antlers. Presented by Sir E. Landseer..
Note.—For the uses of hartshorn shavings, which were obtained from
all the above species of deer, see ic 3 Mat. Mets p. 253; Per, Mat.
ss Ae se
. 27 wens Moscuurerovs, L.
a. Mask deer, stuffed, ‘in a glass case.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Messrs. Peake, Allen, & Co.
It was probably about 5 or 6 years old when shot. See P. J. [2], vol. ii.
p. 398, for an account of this specimen. See also P. J.([2], vol. xv.,
p- 472. For figs., ete., see Moquin-Tandon, Med. Zool., pp. 111, 112 ; Per.
Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 802.
_ 6. China musk pod.
Note.—For fig. of China musk pod, see Guib., Hist. des Drogues, vol.
iv., p. 62.
c. Ditto, smaller specimens.
f. Musk sac, dissected, and preserved in spirit.
g. Adulterated China musk pod.
Note.—The specimens b and ¢ were presented by Messrs. Faber & Co.
in 1852.
h. Musk pod, containing pieces of leather. Presented by
Mr. Burgoyne.
Note.—This specimen was presented in April, 1856.
i. Assam musk pod, dissected.
Note.—This specimen consists of the musk pod and the surrounding
parts, dissected and preserved in spirit. It is probably the specimen
presented by Mr. Horner, in October, 1842.
j. Assam musk pod.
k, Ditto, taken from a young animal.
Note.—Until three years old, the pod contains no musk, but only a
milky fluid, which in this specimen has solidified to a substance of
cheesy consistence.
l. “‘ Bally” Assam musk pod.
Note.—These specimens consist of malformation. The pods are nearly
spherical, and are more than half filled with a stratified growth of
animal tissue. They were presented by Messrs. Faber & Co.
m. Adulterated Assam musk pods.
Note.—Assam musk pods are usually thicker than China pods, and the
musk has a civet-like or fecal odour. See Amer. Journ. Pharm., vol. xy
p. 148.
n. Russian, or Cabardine musk.
Note.—For fig. of this kind of musk, see Hist. des Drogues., vol. iv.,
p- 65. The pods are more elongated than those of the China musk, and
have a longitudinal ridge on the convex hairy surface. The odour is not
ammoniacal, like that of China-musk, and the skin of the pod is not so
brown as in that kind.. For an account of its commerce, see Amer. nee:
Pharm., vol. xv., p. 302.
o. Musk pod from India.
Note.—This specimen was presented by Messrs. Battley & Watts, and
was brought home from India at the time of H.R.H. the Prince of
Wales’s visit, in 1876.
-_
Cervide. = : Pal SF,
| CAMELIDZ.
838. Lrama Guama, Gray; ann L. Vicuena, Gray. a
a. Intestinal caleulus. (Occidental Bezoar.) :
Note.—These caleuli vary in size, from that of a pea to a small marble. — ¥
In some the surface is smooth and angular, and in others granulated. — 4
The colour is yellowish white, and the surface dull. For chemical con- —
stitution of occidental bezoar, see Watts, Dict. Chem., p. 584.
ORDER, HYRACOIDEA.
HYRACIDA.
839. Hyrax Carensis, Pall. (Cape Badger, Daman, Dasse, Coney,
Klipdas.) .
a. Hyraceum, an original tin.
b. Ditto, from Cape Towh.
c. Substance found in hyraceum. ;
d. Feeces of the animal. j
Note.—For an accbunt of this substance, see Pappe, Flore Capensis,
, Med. Prodromus, p. 46; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 827-831;
P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 559. Specimen c appears to consist of the feces of
the animal. See P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 559. For analysis, see P. J. [1], ~ -
vol. xiii., p. 218. For importation, see P. J. [1], vol. x., p. 559; vol. xi., ‘oh
p. 366.
ORDER, PROBOSCIDEA. \
ELEPHANTID2. 0.
840. Exepnas Arricanus, Ouv. ( Elephant.) :
a. Ivory turnings. om
b. Ivory black. ‘-
Note.—See Moquin-Tandon, Med. Zool., p. 80. a
ORDER, CARNIVORA. me
URSID. c
841. Ursus Americanus, Pallas. (American Black Bear.) )
a, Genuine bears’ grease. . .
b. Ditto. _
Note.—Specimen b was obtained from a bear which died at the Zo-
ological Gardens in London.
; VIVERRIDZA.
842. Viverra Crverra, Schreb. (Common Civet.) ts
a. A horn of civet.
- 843. Viverra Zrperna, L. (Zibeth Civet.) a
a. The animal stuffed. ig
Note.—This animal is distinguished from the common civet
possessing a dorsal crest, and by the fur being shorter, ete. For fi
_ Moquin-Tandon, Med. Zool., p. 117. ne
5
rn
14. Gehinis L
a. Small beaver, preserved in spiri
Note.—This specimen appears to have _ ice after its birth.
See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 821, fig. 130.
b, Preputial follicles. (Russian castoreum.)
Note.—This specimen was purchased of Horner & Faukes, at forty
shillings an ounce, on September 9th, 1835. It is the specimen referred
to by Pereira. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 823.
c. Resinéus Russian castoreum.
Note.—This specimen consists of larger sacs than specimen b.
d. Bucharian castoreum.
e. Siberian castoreum.
f. North American castoreum.
g. Spurious castoreum, the sacs being stuffed with hay.
h. Oil sacs of Russian beaver.
i. Oil sacs of American beaver.
Note.—For a full account of the varieties of castoreum, see Per, Mat.
Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., pp. 823-826.
845. Mycate Muscovira, Geoffr. (Musk Rat, Desman.)
a. Tail.
. Note.—This object is used as a perfume in Russia, See Moquin-
Tandon, Med. Zool., p. 110.
ee —. =e —-
’
»» gummifera, 37.
» horrida, 37, 38.
- scandens, 40.
» species, 38.
Verek, 37, 38.
Acer saccharinum, 15.
Acetal, 217.
Acetamide, 226.
Acetone, 218.
Acid, aconitic, 221.
» alizaric, 221.
os amidocaproic, 230.
hydroferrocyanic, 221.
hyponitric, 165.
hydro-fluosilicic, 167.
iodic, 167.
kinic, 219.
lactic, 219.
malic, 220.
margaric, 219.
meconic, 221.
metaphosphoric, 170.
molybdic, 203.
mucic, 220.
myristic, 218.
naphthalic, 221.
nitrous, anhydrous, 165.
niobic, 202.
cnanthylic, 218.
oleic, 219.
orthophthalic, 221.
palmitic, 219.
parabanic, 227.
paratartaric, 220.
perchloric, 167.
phenic, 210.
phenylcarbamic, 228.
phosphoric, 170.
7 anhydrous, 170.
glacial, 170.
phthalic, 221.
picric, 148, 211. y
prussic, 221,
», Scheele’s, 221.
pyrogallic, 213.
quinic, 219.
racemic, 220.
rutic, 32.
salicylic, 219.
salicylous, 217.
sebacic, 220.
sebic, 220.
selenic, 169.
selenious, 169.
silicic, 170.
silico-fluoric, 167.
stearic, 219.
suberic, 220.
succinic, 220.
sulpho carbonic, 166.
sulpho vinic, 209.
sulphuric, 169.
” drous, 169.
: serge
es
- 272 -
Acid, sulphuric, Nordhausen, 169.
», sulphurous, 168.
», tartaric, 220.
3, taurocholic, 231
» thymylic, 211.
», titanic, 194.
» trioxybenzoic, 220.
» uric, 227.
» vValerianic, 218.
» valeric, 218.
1, Vitriolic, 169.
Acids, organic, 218.
Acipenser, Dauricus, 261.
me Guldenstadtii, 262.
ss Huso, 262.
a stellatus, 262.
* Sturio, 262.
Ackawa, 111.
Aconite, 1.
Aconitine, 222.
Aconitum, ferox, 1.
as heterophyllum, 1.
rf Napellus, 1.
Acorus Calamus, 149. .
Acrodiclidium Camara, 111.
Actwa racemosa, 2.
» spicata, 1.
Adansonia digitata, 11.
Adder, 263.
Adenanthera pavonina, 28, 40.
Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, 158.
Esculin, 214.
ZEthusa Cynapium, 149.
African ammoniacum, 52.
» bdellium, 25.
» copal, 36.
» Gubebs, 109.
» woillet, 156.
tragacanth, we
Agapanthus umbellatus, 144.
Agar agar, 164.
3 carang, 164.:
Agaric, larch, 163.
Ss female, 163.
2 white, 163.
Agaricus campestris, 161.
Ajowan seeds, 53.
Alabaster, 240.
Alantin, 213.
Albite, 238.
Albizzia anthelmintica, 40.
Albumen, 230.
Alcohol, amylic, 209.
s, benzoic, 210.
» benzyl, 210.
+» butyl, 209.
» caprylic, 210.
» cetylic, 210.
» diglucosic, 214.
» ethylic, 208.
» menthylic, 210.
» octyl, 210.
” cenanthylic, 210.
Alcohol, phenylic, 210, _
» propenyl, 212. we
» propylic, 209.
” quartyl, 209.
» quintyl, 209.
» salicylic, 211.
», septyl or heptyl, 210.
» sexdecyl, 210.
» tetrylic, 209.
thymylic, 211.
Alcohols and ethers, 207.
Aldehyde, acetic, 217.
es ammonia, 217. i >
= benzoic, 217.
» einnamie, 218. \
Be pyromucic, 217.
o* salicylic, 217.
trichlorinated, 217.
Alder, black, 23, 90. ae
ra buckthorn, 28.
» common, 125.
Aleurites ambinux, 117.
Algarobilla, 40.
Algarobo, 40. /
Alizarin, 228.
Alkali, albuminate, 230.
» yellow, 176.
Allantoin, 227.
Alligator pear, 114.
Allium Porrum, 144.
», sativum, 145.
» Victoriale, 145.
Alloxan, 227.
Alloxantin, 227.
3 wild, 114, :
Allyl, sulphocyanate, 210. :
Allyxia stellata, 92.
Almonds bitter, 40.
», country, 48.
Alnus rubra, 125.
Aloe ferox, 146.
», Indica, 145,
», linguiformis, 145.
» Socotrina, 145.
» spicata, 146.
» vulgaris, 146, 147.
Aloes, Aden, or black, 145. :
,, Barbados, 146, 147. ;
» eaballin, 147.
» Cape, 146.
», Hadramaut, 145.
» hepatic, 145.
5s Indian, 145. ; ~J
s» Mocha, 146. :
» Natal, 146. -
s, Socotrine, 145. i
Zanzibar, 146,
Alpinia alba, 139.
» Galanga, 136.
+» nutans, oo
~
<
itomeia Lea tk
>
drate,
” subphosphate, 240,
Aluminium, 184.
* ammonio-sulphate, 184.
aA chloride, 184.
“3 oxide, 184.
<i potassio-sulphate, 184.
“A sulphate, 184.
Alyxia stellata, 92.
Amadou, 162.
American aspen, 126.
a black bear, 268.
% ealumba, 95.
rs centaury, 96.
+. dogwood, 49.
=. frankincense, 131.
Ls ginseng, 54.
Se hellebore, 149.
ae horsemint, 103.
fs, ipecacuanha, 120.
eS mandrake root, 6.
” poplar, 126.
e sarsaparilla, 54,
savin, 130.
Amianthus, 241.
Amides, 226.
Amidin, 213.
Amidotoluene, 222.
Amines, 222,
Ammi Copticum, 53.
Ammonia, bicarbonate, 179.
ee hydrochlorate, 179.
ay muriate, 179.
= sesquicarbonate, 177.
Ammonias, compound, 222.
Ammonium, 178.
pe "acetate, 178.
3 aldehydate, 217.
” benzoate, 179.
sesquicarbonate of, 179.
sulphate, 180.
”
Amomum Pe sar sdgry 136.
as Cardamomum, 137.
“ B citratum, 137.
FA cereum, 137.
i Clusii, 137.
» Daniellii, 136.
* globosum, 137.
te Korarima, 138.
<i latifolium, 138.
Ra longiscapum, 138.
rv. macrospermum, 138.
” maximum, 139,
ef medium, 139.
Melagueta, 139.
Fe nemorosum, 136.
x palustre, 137.
+ villosum, 139.
xanthioides, 140.
Amphibole, 241,
Amygdalin, 215.
Amygdalus communis, 40.
Amyl, acetate, 209.
», butyrate, 209.
» chloride, 209.
» formate, 209.
» hydrate, 209.
» hydride, 209.
» nitrate, 209.
» nitrite, 209.
valerianate, 209.
Amylamine, 222.
” hydrochlorate, 222.
| Anacahuite wood, 97.
Anacardium occidentale, 23.
Anacyclus Pyrethrum, 84.
Anamirta Cocculus, 4.
Ananto-mfil, 97.
Anchusa tinctoria, 102.
Anda-acu, 117.
», Brasiliensis, 117.
Anderjow, 92.
Andira inermis, 28.
Andromeda Leschenaultii, 89.
Andropogon calamus aromaticus, 154.
* citratus, 153, 154.
re laniger, 153.
+ muricatus, 154.
af Nardus, 154.
= achnodes, 154.
hoenanthus, 21,153,154,
Anethum graveolens, 119.
Angelica tree, 53.
Aniline, 222.
» Chloride, 222.
” sulphate, 222 _ pt
ime, 36. eS
Anime Tacamahac, 13. ‘ -
Annatto, roll, 9. ’ ;
Anthemis nobilis, 85.
Anthracene, 207. ;
Anthracite, 166. 2
Anthraquinone, -
~* z
oo =
Vaya cee eee
974
Antidote cacoons, 45.
Antimonic oxide, 200.
Antimonii oxidum, 200.
. Antimonous chloride, 199-
Antimony, 199.
s black, 200.
Bs butter, 199.
Be ehloride, 199.
aa eroeus, 200.
erude, 200.
o French regulus, 199.
Pa glass, 200.
En golden sulphuret, 200.
se liver, 200.
A oxychloride, 200.
sé pentasulphide, 200.
pentoxide, 200.
> potassio-tartrate, 201.
Pe tersulphide, 200.
a. thallio-tartrate, 192.
- trichloride, 199.
RS trioxide, 200.
Antiar, 117. 5
Antiaris toxicaria, 117.
Antimonii oxysulphuratum, 200.
Antimonium sulphuratum, 200.
Apargia hispida, 88.
Apatite, 238.
Aphilothrix gemme, 254.
Apium graveolens, 53.
Apium Petroselinum, 49.
Aplotaxis auriculata, 85.
Apocynum androsemifolium, 92. -
= cannabinum, 92.
Apomorphine hydrochlorate, 223.
Aposepedine, 230.
Apples of Sedom, 253.
Aquilaria Agallocha, 111.
Arachis hypogma, 28.
Aralia nudicaulis, 54.
» spinosa, 53.
Arariba, 33.
Araroba, 33.
Arar tree, 129.
“Arbutin, 215.
Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi, 89.
- Areca Catechu, 150.
Argania Sideroxylon, 90.
Argemone Mexicana, 7.
Argentic oxide, 181.
Argentite, 239.
Argol, crude, 174.
» white, 174.
Aristolochia longa, 122.
ES reticulata, 122.
ad rotunda, 122.
is Serpentaria, 122,
Arius, 260.
‘ Aromia moschata, 258,
Arrowroot, 142.
Bs East Indian, 140.
a Portland, 153.
a Tahiti, 144,
Arsenic, 201.
» disulphide, 201.
he 4
: y *
vas Pe ee = »!
INDEX.
2...
_Artemisia, absinthium, 85.
Arsenic, iodide, 201.
» oxide, 201.: a
» ‘peroxide, 201. aA
» sulphide. 201.
», trisulphide, 201.
» white, 201.
Arsenous oxide, 201.
er glomerata, 85.
os maritima, 85.
Artanthe adunea, 109. ~ -
oe elongata, 109. i
153.
Arundo Donax, 154. wv
Asagrea officinalis, 148.
Asarum Canadense, 123. ar
Asbestos, 241,
Ascidium, 6. /
Asclepias incarnata, 96. .
3, _ taberosa, 96.
Asparagin, 226.
Asparagus officinalis, 147.
Asphalt, 206.
Astragalus microcephalus, 28. } all
Atherosperma moschata, 115.
Athyrium Filix-feemina, 159.
Atropa Mandragora, 44.
Atropine, 223.
3 sulphate, 223.
Auric chloride, 192.
» oxide, 192.
Auricularia mesenterica, 161.
Aurum, 192.
» musivum, 194.
Australian copal, 129.
Ms dammar, 129.
- sassafras, 115. :
’ Australene, 205.
Austra-terebenthene, 205.
Avena sativa, 154.
Avens, 42. .
Avicennia nitida, 104.
Avilla, 45.
Avocado pear, 114.
Azadirachta Indica, 16.
Azurite, 242.
Babul tree, 37.
Balantium chrysotrichum, 158.
Balm of Gilead, 25.
Balsam of Peru, 31.
= » White, 31.
» of Tolu, 31. ,
Balsamo blanco, 31.
Balsamodendron Africanum, 25.
“ Gileadense, 25.
* Mukul, 26. ae
a opobalsamum, 25. Re
Bamboo, 155. mee
Bambusa arundinacea, 155.
Bandikai, 11.
a ts
° €
'
4
ia. 53.
Australian fever, 91.
a nitida, 104.
yberry, 126.
bead-tree, 16.
beaver tree, 3.
bibiru, 114.
button bush, 82.
buena Bogotensis, 65, 75, 77, 78.
» hexandra, 66, 79.
byrsonima laurifolia, 15.
cabbage-tree, 28.
canella, 92.
cephalanthus occidentalis, 82.
chiquiqui, 119.
Cinchona, Arica, 64.
», ash, 68, 76. ,
», Calisaya, 55, 56, 67, 76, 81.
Peruvian, 60,
spurious, 56, 65.
verde, 57.
” ” ’ e
»» Maracaibo, 58,
» New Geass 59.
» orange, of Santa F6, 77.
» pale, 55, 58, 80.
oo 3. Seema Ceylon, 55.
India, 55, 80, 81.
se kgel a Gare Oa ‘5, ’s1.
», Pitaya, 68, 72.
” ” red, 63, 65, 67, 77.
” ” ” false, 65, 66, 69.
» from Alausi, 79.
” ” ”
” ” ” ” Ceylon, 65.
” ” ” ” India, 79.
” ” ” ” Java, 82.
” ” ” ” Para, 79.
” ” ” Pitaya, 63,
77.
»» rusty, 67.
»» Silver, 67, 76.
» yellow, 67, 76, 81.
false, 79.
from Bolivia, 82,
Java, 81.
Para, 79.
cinnamon, 113.
clove, Brazilian, 113.
» cassia, 113.
»» Indian, 112.
Condaminea tinctoria, 66, 75.
conessi, 92.
copalchi, 118.
» corky, 119.
cork, 124,
costus amer, 75. -
courida, 104.
croton, 66.
culilawan, 112.
cusparia, 18, 93.
Drimys Winteri, 2.
” ”
” ”
” ” ”
esenbeckia, 76.
exostemma Caribeum, 69, 73, a.
- floribundum, 73.
fever, Australian, 91.
gentiana Peruviana, 95.
geissospermum Vellosii, 92.
gomphosia chlorantha, 66.
hickory, 123.
laplacea quinoderma, 66. =
liriodendron tulipifera, 3.
i ae
Bark, melia Azedarach, 16.
» memecylon grandis, 48.
» mora, 36,
»y musena, 40,
3, natri, 119.
> nim, 16.
+» nux yomica, 92.
» oak, black, 124.
» po pereira, 92.
» Para, 79.
~ Raruasn, 66, 75.
>» pepper, 2.
» Pitaya, 63, 72, 77.
» Pitoya, 66
55 ROT Rico, 76.
” poplar, white, 126.
»» prunus Virginiana, 41.
© quillai, 42.
» quino do eampo, 94.
3, rohun, 15.
» sSamaderagass, 20.
», slippery ehn, 116.
», -socchi, 66.
a spondias lutea, 24.
» stenostomum acutatum, 66, 68.
”? bh]
», Swamp sassafras, 3.
», Tellicherry, 92.
», tulip-tree, 3
» white poplar, 126.
», wild cherry, 41.
3, Willow, 126.
3, Winter’s, 2.
55 false, 17.
Barley, 155.
Barsalo melligetta, 137.
Baryta, carbonate, 239.
» nitrate, 181.
Barytes, 181, 239.
Bases, organic, 222.
Bassorin, 11.
Batatas edulis, 97.
Bauxite, 240.
Bay berry, 124.
», salt, 176.
» sweet, 114. —
» tree, true, 114.
Bdellium, African, 25.
a Indian, 26.
» opaque, 26.
Beans, locust, 36.
dna, 73, 76, 77.
D |
Beauxite, 240.
Bebeerine hydrochlorate, 223,
= sulphate, 223.
Bechilite, 237.
Bedda nuts, 48.
Belgaum walnut, 117.
Belladonna, 10.
._ Bell-metal ore, 243.
Belone megalostigma, 261.
Beluga, 262.
Bengal quince, 16.
Benjamin bush, 114.
Benoite, 42.
Benzene, 206.
Benzidam, 222,
Benzine, 206.
Benzoene dracyl, 206.
Benzoic chloride, 219.
Benzoin, 90-
rr Siam, 90.
ms Sumatra, 91.
Benzole, 206.
Benzoyl chloride, 219.
Benzyl hydrate, 210.
Berberine, 5, 223.
Berberis aristata, 6.
» Asiatica, 6.
» Lycium, 6.
Bergamot orange, 16,
Berries, bay, 114.
» French, 23.
», juniper, 129.
» Persian, 22.
Betel nut, 150.
Betula alba, 125.
» lenta, 89, 125.
Bezoar, oecidental, 268.
ae oriental, 266.
Bibirine hydrochlorate, 223.
» sulphate, 223.
Bielaga, 262.
Bilva tree, 16.
Biotite, 241.
Birch, 125.
» Cherry, 125,
»» mahogany, 125.
», sweet, 125.
Bishop’s weed, true, 53.
Bismuth, 201.
» carbonate, 201.
» nitrate, 201.
» pentoxide, 202.
» subnitrate, 201.
», telluride, 169.
trioxide, 202.
Bismuthic oxide, 202.
Bismuthous oxide, 202.
Bismuthum album, 201.
Bissa b6l, 26.
Bitter wood, 8.
», Stone, 188. a chloride, 187.
{ Boa constrictor, 263. ge iodide, 187.
P Bogbean, 95. » sulphide, 187.
Wm Bone black, 166. sulphuret, 242.
| Boneset, 86. Casalpinia Bonducella, 36.
, Borax, octahedral, 175. os coriaria, 32.
4 »» prismatic, 175. = echinata, 33.
Borneo camphor, 12. Cesium, 180.
Bornite, 242. » chloride, 180.
Borocalcite, 237. Caffre corn, 156
. Bos Taurus, 265. Cajeput oil, 47
Boswellia Bhau-Dhajiana, 26. Cake saffron, 86.
.» Garterii, 26. Calabar bean, 31.
» Frereana, 26 Caladium esculentum, 152.
Botany Bay kino, 46 Calamine, 241
os » resin, 148 fe electric, 242
Bottle urd, 45. ” prepared, 241.
Bowdi virgilioides, 15. {| Calamus Draco, 150.
Boxberry, 89. Calcite, 239.
Brazilian wax, 151, Calcium, 182.
Bream, 261. » acetate, 182.
Brimstone, stone, 168. » borate, 182.
British alkali, 176. » butyrate, 182.
+ bay salt, 276. » carbonate, 182,
Bromine, 167. », Chloride, 182.
Bromoform, 212. » Citrate, 183.
Broom, 32. : »» hypochlorite, 183.
» Spanish, 32. = s, hypophosphite, 183.
Brucia, 223. » lactate, 183.
» sulphate, 222. » malate, 183.
° Bryony, black, 132. » oxide, 183.
\ » white, 44. »» phosphate, 183.
Bryonia dioica, 44. »» phosphide, 183.
95. »» phosphuret, 183,
Buchinha, 45. », s0dio-carbonate, 182.
Buchu, 45. »» sulphate, 183.
Buck nutmeg, 111. » Sulphocarbolate, 183, 236.
7 my - es 8 ET 183
Bu tartrate, 183.
Buena Decetenela, 65, 75, 77, 78. Caliche, 177.
hexandra, 66, 79. Callitris quadrivalvis, 129.
ee, Burgundy pitch, 198. Calophylium Calaba, 13.
. artificial, 128. Calotropis gigantea, "96. és
re procera, 96. ‘ rl
Calumba wood, 5. -
Calx antimonialis, 170. 7
+ Cchlorata, 183
Camara nutmeg, 111. “
Cam 207.
Camphora officinarum, 111.
ee ea i
278 INDEXe
Campkor, Borneo, 12. Carnallite, 172.
s crude, 111, Carnauba wax, 151.
oil of, 111. Carob beans, 35. |
Pe turpentine, 205. Carolina j oe” 92.
Canada, balsam of, 128.
”
”
fleabane, 86.
pitch, 128.
Canarium commune, 27.
”
edule, 27.
Candleberry tree, 117.
Canella alba, 17.
7
Singapore, 112.
Canna edulis, 142.
”
Indiea, 142.
Cannabis Indica, 116.
Cantharides, 257.
Caoutchoucine, 206.
Cape badger, 268.
», saffron, 105.
Caper plant, 120.
» spurge, 120.
Capra Aigagrus, 266.
Capryl hydrate, 210.
Capsicine, 223.
Capsieum, 47, 100.
7
”
annuum, 100.
fastigiatum, 100.
Caramania gum, 28.
. Carapa Guineensis, 15.
7
Moluccensis, 16.
Carapia, 117.
Caraway, 49.
Caraways, Mogador, 49.
Carbo animalis, 166.
Carbon, bichloride, 166.
oh]
7
”
”
bisulphide, 166.
diehloride, 166.
metallic, 166.
tetrachloride, 166.
Carbonate, 181, 185.
Carbonic chloride, 166.
7
disulphide, 166.
Cardamine pratensis, 9.
Cardamom, bastard, 140,
”
Bengal, 139.
bitter-seeded, 139.
black, 139.
Ceylon, 140.
China, hairy, 139.
» ovoid, 139.
» round, small, 138,
» large, 137.
cluster, 187.
Galanga, 136.
Guiana, large-seeded, 139.
Java, 139.
Korarima, 138.
long-seeded, 137.
Malabar, 140,
Nepal, 139.
quince, 16.
round, 137.
winged, 139,
xanthioid, 140,
Cardamomum majus, 137.
PE Beh. hg 162.
Carthamus tinctorius, 86.
”
- Carum Ajowan, 53.
Carvi, 49.
Carya alba, 123,
Caryocar butyrosum, 13.
Caryophyllus aromaticus, 45.
Cascarilla amarilla, 64
ae ’ del muia, 59.
s del Rey, 82.
boba, 59, 69.
»» de hojas moradas, 4,
carua carua, 64, 66.
Colorada, 59, 65, 77.
= del Cuzco, 65.
-con hojas redondas, 74.
de la Cordillera, 56.
de la Piray,56.
de Santa Cruz, 56.
del pajonal, 57.
echenique, 56.
globifera, 66.
Ichu, 57.
lampina, 59.
macrocarpa, 75.
magnifolia, 65, 70.
motosolo, 60.
mula, 58.
negrilla, 58. —
» fina, 69.
pallida, 63.
pata de gallinazo, 60.
provinciana, 60, 69.
guepo, 56, 60.
quina amarilla, 58.
» ¢armin, 58.
» nmaranjada, 94,
ufias de gato, 66.
Zamba, 63.
Zamba morada, 63.
Casein, 230.
Caseous oxide, 230.
Cashew nuts, 23.
Cassareep, 127.
Cassia acutifolia, 34.
”
Aithiopica, 33.
Brasiliana, 33.
brevipes, 33.
buds, 112.
elongata, 33, 34.
Fistula, 34.
grandis, 33.
lanceolata, 34.
Marilandica
moschata, 34,
obovata, 34, *
con hojas de Zamba, 75.
. Cephaelis ipecacuanha, 54.
. Cephalanthus occidentalis, 82.
Ceradia furcata, 87.
» EHlaphus, 266.
» Tarandus, 266.
Ceryl cerotate, 210.
Cetonia aurata, 258.
Cetraria Islandica, 159.
Cetyl hydrate, 210.
» palmitate, 210.
Ceylon cardamoms, 140.
Chewrophyllum temulum, 50.
Chalcocite, 242.
Chaleopyrite, 242.
Chalk, 182
a ~
| ” 166.
Chavica Roxburghii, 109.
» flava dura, 67.
» Hava fibrosa, 67.
» buamalies, 67.
» Hnuanuco, 67.
Jaen, 68.
a allida, 69, 79.
» loxa, 67.
» pseudo-loxa, 68, 4
<i pseudo-regia, 69.
» regia, 68.
pa oa convoluta, 57.
” » spuria, 68.
+ rubra, 67.
» _Tubiginosa, 68, 78.
» nova, 68.
Pa exe Lucia seu Piton,
China musk, 266.
Chinese green dye, 22.
> vermicelli, 156.
Chinoidine, 225.
» hydrate, 217.
» _ Liebrich’s, 217.
Chloraniline, 222.
Chloride, 202.
platinic, 193,
Chlorine, 167.
‘ bisulphide of, 168.
Chloroform, 212.
Chloronitrous gas, 165.
Chlorophane, 237.
Chob-China, 162.
Choice dielytra, 8.
Cholesterine, 211,
Chondodendron tomentosum, 4.
Chondrus crispus, 163.
mamumill
osus, 164.
Chromate, 180.
Chrome orange, 195.
» red, 195.
Cibotium Chamissoi, 158.
ra glaucum, 158.
———— 158.
Cicuta virosa, 50
Cicutine, 223.
Cinchona amygdalifolia, 56.
> australis, 56.
Pr Boliviana, 58, 76.
3s Bonplandiana, 62, 82.
BS Calisaya, ne 56, 57, 58, 68,
Tr 71, 81, 8
ap ealoptera, s2.
om Charhuarguera, 61, 71, 76.
1. Condaminea, 61.
os eonglomerata, 74.
An cordifolia, 58, 72, 76.
we erispa, 62, 68, 76, 80.
a decurrentifolia, 72, 75, 76.
a Delondriana, 65.
oe elliptica, 58, 69.
ae eunura, 81.
ae glandulifera, 69.
re Hasskarrliana, $1, 82.
- heterophylla, 58, 77.
53 Humboldtiana, 73.
oe lanceolata, 59.
oe lancifolia, 55, 59, 72, 74, 75,
, 76, 77, 78
* Ledgeriana, 55.
» — lucumefolia, 59.
es macrocalyx, 74.
a micrantha, 60, 68, 70, 76,
77, 78, 81.
x Mutisii, 61, 75, 77, 78.
ie nitida, 71, 78.
i oblongifolia, 65.
a officinalis, 55, 56, 61, 70, 73,
74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81.
a ovata, 62, 63, 77.
iy Pahudiana, 81, 82.
$5 palalba, 75.
+ Palton, 63.
mn Pelleteriana, 64, 68, 69.
as Peruviana, 63, 69, 70, 71,
. 12, 74, 76.
a Pitayensis, 63, 71, 72, 77.
= pubeseens, 64, 70, 72, 73,
74, 75, 77, 78, 82.
- purpurea, 64, 68, 69, 71.
Sy rosulenta, 64.
sg serobiculata, 65, 71, 72, 74,
77, 78.
‘» subcordata, 74, 76.
a succirubra, 56, 65, 71,74, 77,
79, 8L.
Tucujensis, 65, 68.
Cinchonidine, 223.
Cinchonine, 67, 223.
+g hydrochlorate, 223.
sulphate, 67, 223.
Cinnabar, 243.
Cinnamene, 207.
Cinnamodendron eorticosum, 17.
Cinnamol, 207.
Cinnamomum aromatieum, 112.
r
-_
- Collocalia eseulenta, 264.
Cistus Creticus, 9.
Citrallus Colocynthis, 44.
Citrus Bergamia, 16.
yy Bi a7 ;
» _ Limetta, 17. ”
», Limonum, 17.
Civet, common, 268. ;
», Zibeth, 268. a
Cladonis rangiferina, 159.
Claviceps purpurea, 161.
Clay ironstone, 244.
Clearing nuts, 94. ae
Clove stalks, 45.
Cloves, mother, 45.
Cluster. pine, 130.
Cneorum triceccon, 117.
Coakum, 109.
Coal tar, 210.
Coal, stone, 166.
Cobalt, 198.
» ammonio-chloride, 198.
sy earbonate, 198.
1» ehloride, 198.
», @ichloride of, 198.
»» monoxide of, 199.
» , nitrate, 199.
» oxide, 199.
sesquioxide, 199.
| Cobaltie oxide, 199.
Cobaltous ehloride, 198.
oxide, 199,
Coea leaves, 15.
Cocaine, 15.
Cocco de Purga, 117-
| Coceoloba uvifera, 106.
Coeculus Indieus, 4.
Cocoa, Brazilian, 14.
» bree, 12.
Cocombro, 45.
Cocos nucifera, 151.
Cocum butter, 123.
Coffea Arabica, 82. F
Coffee tea, 82. +
Coire gum, 129. zn
Cohosh, black, 6. .
eer oe, 6: aA
Coix Iachryma, 155. |
Colehicum autumnale, 148. : _. iin
Col, 50. Lue
Coleothar, 197.
Coliander, 50.
Colic root, 132.
Collinsonia Canadensis, 102.
Collodium, 214. -
oe flexile, 214.
* Conquin tay, 143.
ay Convolvulus Scammonia, 97.
Convolvulin, 215.
- Copaifans wait aga, 85.
, x ifera multijuga,
- trapezifolia, 35.
“ Copal balsam, 126.
Copernicia cerifera, 151.
Copper, 187, 242.
» acetate, 187.
‘ 9 basic, 187.
» ammonio-sulphate, 189.
» arsenate, 188.
i. lactate, 188.
vs + euprous, 188.
” protosulphide, 189
» pyrites, 242.
» suboxide, 188.
ane , 188, 236.
/ aR commercial, 188.
Pa , 189, 242.
Ee ite, 189.
‘ sulphocarbolate, 189.
‘Copper ee azure,
octahedral
Corydalis formosa, 8.
Corypha cerifera, 151.
Cotyledon umbilicus, 43.
Couch grass, 157.
Coukum, 109.
Coumarin, 215.
Courida tree, 104,
Cowbane, 50.
Cowdie gum, 129.
Cowhage, 31.
meee sae 89.
Cranesbill
Cream of Rosier, 174.
Creasol, 212.
Creatine, 231.
Creatinine, 231.
Creasote, 210, 212
Crocus sativus, 143, 148.
» Martis, 197.
Croton-chloral, 217.
Croton Eluteria, 118.
» Incidum, 118.
»» Malambo, 118.
» aDiveus, 118.
so ORE DRO:
s» | pseudo-China, 118.
Tiglium, 119.
Cryolite, 240.
Crystal mineral, 173.
Crystallography, 232.
Cubeba Clusii, 109.
» Officinalis, 110.
Cubebin, 215.
Cuckoo flower, 9.
Cuckoopint, 153.
Cudbear, 160.
Cuichuncully de Cuenca, 10.
Culm, 166.
Culver’s physic, 105. -
| Cuminum Cyminum, 50. . =
Cupric sulphide, 189. . ~
| Cuprite, 242. ="
Cuprous oe 189.
282
Cureuma longa, 140.
.; starch, 140.
a Zedoaria, 141.
; Zerumbet, 141.
Curcumin, 141.
Cuttle- fish bone, 259.
Cut weed, 203.
Cycas revoluta, 131.
Cymene, 207. -
Cymol, 207.
Cymyl, hydride, 207.
Cynips fecundatrix, 254.
» folii, 254.
* glutinosa, 253.
» insana, 253.
re Kollari, 252.
me longipennis, 254,
» peduneuli, 254.
» petioli, 252.
», polycera, 253.
» seriptorum, 252.
», terminalis, 253.
» tinctoria, 252.
Cynomorium coccineum, 127.
Cynanchum Monspeliacum, 96.
Cyperus hexastachys, 153.
5 longus, 153.
» - pertennis, 153.
as rotundus, 153.
» sweet scented, 153.
Cyprinus Carpio, 261.
Cypripedium pubescens, 135.
Cytinus Hypocistis, 127.
Cytisus scoparius, 32.
Dacrydium cupressinum, 131.
Dahlin, 213.
Dalbergia arborea, 35.
Daman, 268.
Dammara australis, 129.
> orientalis, 129.
Dandelion, 88.
Dandenong peppermint, 148.
Daphne Laureola, 110.
»» Mezereum, 110.
Dasse, 268.
Date palm, 152.
Datura Stramonium, 100.
Daucus Carota, 50.
Deer balls, 161.
Deerberry, 89.
Delphinium Staphisagria, 2
Delphine, 224.
9 mezereum, 110,
Desman, 269.
Devil tree, 91.
Devil’s bit, 88.
Devonite, 240.
Dextrine, 213. |
Dextroglucose, 214.
Dextrose, 214.
Dhak tree, 30.
Diallage, 241.
Diammonic phosphate, 179.
Dicentra formosa, 8.
INDEX.
Dictamnus Fraxinella, 18.
Dicksonia chrysotricha, 158. -
Dicypellium caryophyllatum, 118.
Didymium, 185.
Digitalin, 215.
Digitalis purpurea, 105.
Dika bread, 23. a
Dimethyl-benzene, 206. ;
Dimon pine, 131.
Dingy-hoof polyporus, 162.
Dinitro-benzene, 205.
Dinitro-cellulin, 214.
Dioscorea sativa, 132.
» triphylla, 132.
» NWillosa, 132...
Diphucephalus sericeus, 258.
Diplumbic nitrate, 195.
Dipotassic oxalate, 173.
Dipterocarpus turbinatus, 12.
. Dipteryx odorata, 30.
Disodic arsenate, 175. ‘
Diuretic sal ammonia, 171.
Divi-divi, 32.
Dog’s-bane, 92.
Dolomite, 341.
Doornboom, 37.
Dorema Ammoniacum, 50, 51.
Dorstenia Brasiliensis, 117, ~
Doum palm, 152,
Dracena Draco, 147, 150,
Dracontium foetidum, 149.
Dragon’ s blood, 147.
» in reed, 150.
Drift weed, 203.
Drimys Winteri, 2.
Dromacus Nove-Hollandiw, 264.
Dry bone, 241.
Dryobalanops aromatica, 12.
Dukhani chiretta, 95.
Durra, 155.
Dutch liquid, 211,
Dyer’s weed, 29.
East Indian arrowroot, 140.
Eayapid, 117.
Eblanin, 206.
Eeballium officinarum, 44.
Ecorce, Exostemma du Brésil, 73.
ee du Peru, 73, 75.
Fy de Paraguatan, 75.
“ Quinquina bicolore, 73.
Rs + blane, 70.
a if blanc de Loxa,72, 75.
rs cs », de Mutis, 75.
rr . » fibreux de Jaen
75.
+ =f Calisaya, 71
“ ‘3 Calisaya léger ou
jaune orange, 71.
bi » Caraibe, 75.
vs » Carthagéne brun, 72.
” > We ” jaune, 72.
” ” ” rosé co
4 s ” Be Sh,
‘ x ‘>
Saas, Quinquina, d’Arica, 70, 78.
~ » 4 Colombie ligneux,
de Colombie “ou
0.
» Dlane, 72, 75.
» 5: Cendre, 74.
»» 9 fin, 70.
» 99 gris brun, 70.
» 9: Bros, 70.
+» 99 inférieur, 73.
»» 99 jaune fibreux,
7A.
» 9) Tougemarron,
65, 74.
dit Havane, 71, 73.
a variété, aL:
du Brésil, 66, 69.
d’Espagne, 73.
gris imitant le jaune
royale, 70.
gris pale ancien, 74.
jaune orange, 71, 74.
og et rougedtre,
nova, 65, 70.
» colorada, 69,75.
nouveau Calisaya, 71.
orange de Mutis, 74.
piton, 73.
rouge blanchissant, ‘a
» rouge de Santa
Fé, 71.
ey monde, dit quin-
_—_ orange,
go
»» monverruqueux,
71.
pery,
Embden groats, 154.
Emery, 184
Emetine, 224.
Emu, egg of the, 264,
Equus Caballus, 265.
Ergot of rye, 161.
» | wheat, 161.
Erigeron Canadense, 86.
Ervum Lens, 30.
Eryngium campestre, 51.
Erythrea Centaurium, 94.
Erythrite, 213.
Erythroglucin, 213.
Erythromannite, 213.
Erythrophleum Guineense, 35.
Erythrosin, 231.
Erythroxylon Coca, 15.
Esculent swallow, 264.
Esenbeckia febrifuga, 76.
Etami, 121.
Ethal, 210.
Ether, 208,
» acetic, 208.
» butyric, 208.
» Chloric, 208.
» formic, 208,
», bhydrobromic, 208,
» hydriodic, 208,
», @nanthic, 209.
» pelargonic, 209,
sulphuric, 208.
Etherine, 211.
Ethiopian sour gourd, 11.
Ethiops mineral, 190.
Ethyl acetate, 208.
» acid sulphate, 209.
», bromide, 208.
» butyrate, 208.
» chloride, 208.
» formate, 208.
pelargonate,
Ethylene dichloride, 211.
Eucalyptus amyg
dalina, 46.
46.
284
Eucalyptus resinifera, 46.
“A rostrata, 46.
f viminalis, 46.
Eucheuma spinosa, 164.
Eudyptes species, 264.
Eugenia caryophyllata, 45.
» Pimenta, 47.
» dambos, 47.
Eupatorium glutinosm, 86.
perfoliatum, 86.
Euphorbia corollata, 120.
a Ipecacuanha, 120.
Lathyris, 120.
me resinifera, 120.
Euryangium Sumbul, 51.
Excrementum monitoris Nilotici,
263.
Exidia Auricula-Judm, 161.
Exogonium Purga, 99.
Exostemma Caribeeum, 73.
we floribundum, 73.
Pr du Brésil, 73.
a du Perou, 73, 75.
Fallow deer, 266.
Fasogh, 52.
Faux nard du Dauphine, 145.
Featherfoil, 87.
EES or digestive salt of Sylvius,
174.
Fecula, 213.
Female regulator, 87.
Fennel, 51.
» bitter, 51.
» Roman, 5].
Fenillea cordifolia, 45.
Fenugreek, 30.
Fern, sweet, 124,
* Feronia elephantum, 17.
Ferri ammonio-citras, 196.
», carbonas saccharata, 196.
», et quine citras, 196.
», iodidum, 197.
»,, oxidum magneticum, 197.
», Oxidum nigrum, 197.
»» Pphosphas, 197.
», Sulphas, 198.
sulphus exsiceata, 198.
Ferric acetate, 196.
» phosphate, 197.
Ferrous carbonate, 196.
» chloride, 196.
», phosphate, 197.
Ferrum tartaratum, 198,
Ferula galbaniflua, 51.
»» orientalis, 52.
» rubricaulis, 51.
» Tingitana, 52.
Feverfew, 87.
Feshook, 52.
Feverwood, 114.
Fir, balsam 128.
3, wood oil, 130.
Fire tree, 47.
Flowers, balaustine, 47,
INDEX.
Flowers, Toolsie, 30. .
Fluorite, 237.
Fly,Sida, 256,
Feniculum, dulce, 51.
9 Panmorium, 51.
vulgare, 51.
Fonum camelorum, 153.
Fool’s parsley, 49.
Formy]l, perchloride of, 212.
Foxglove, 105.
Frasera Carolinensis, 95.
Fraxinus Ornus, 101.
French berries, 23.
» physic nuts, 120
Fruita d’Arara, 117.
Fucus nodosus, 204.
», Serratus, 203.
» vesiculosus, 164, 203.
Fuh-Ling, 162.
-Fulmarus glacialis, 264.
Fulmar petrel, 264.
Fungus Melitensis, 127.
Furfurine, 222.
» . nitrate, 222.
Furfurol, 217.
Fusel oil, 209.
Gadus Morrhua, 260.
Galangal, 136.
Galena, 233, 244.
Galenite, 244.
Galipea cusparia, 18.
Galipot, 130.
Galls, Aleppo, 252.
», artichoke, 254.
» Bokhara, 250.
», Bussorah, 253.
», button, 254.
» Cherry, 254.
» Chinese, 252.
» English, 252.
», Hungary, 253.
» Astria, 253.
» Japanese, 252.
» knoppern, 253.
+ Mecca, 253.
» pistacia, 254.
3, Sweetbriar, 254,
» tamarisk, 254.
» Wattle tree, 255.
Gambier, 83.
Gamboge, 13.
Garancin, 228.
Garcinia Mangostana, 13.
‘9 Morella, 13.
»» | purpurea, 13.
Gardenia, 83.
Garget, 109.
Garlic, 145.
Gaultheria proeumbens, 89.
Gay feather, 88.
Gay-Lussite, 182.
Geelbrick, 261.
Geele ploemetjes, 105.
Geissospermum Vellosii, 92. .
‘—
y ;
Gingerbread tree, 152.
Glance coal, 166.
_ Glass, soluble, 177.
9, water, 177.
Gliadin, 230.
Globularia Alypum, 104.
Glucinum carbonate, 184,
‘5 Price’s patent, 212.
Glycocine, 230.
Glycocoll, 230.
Glycyrrhiza glabra, 30.
Goguoi, 138.
Gold leaf, 192.
+ mosaic, 194,
», native, 243.
», sodio-chloride, 192.
» Stannate, 193,
+7 terchloride of, 192.
Gomme de Barberie, 37.
” Galam, 37.
+ l’'Inde, 17.
Nopal, 45.
Salabreda, 87.
» du bas du fleuve, 37.
» du haut du fleuve, 37.
Geddah.
‘
*-
pretiosa, 248.
Gossypium herbaceum, 11.
Gracilaria lichenoides, 164,
» Graines d’Avignon, 23.
Grains of Paradise, 139.
Grana paradisi, 137. :
regia minora, 120.
Grande cardamomede Madagascar, 137.
Graphite, 166, 237.
Grass tree, 147.
Great cachalot, 265.
» reed, 154.
», sallow, 126.
+ sturgeon, 262.
+ water dock, 108.
Green copperas, 197.
»» hellebore, 149.
+ sauce, 108.
» Vitriol, 197.
Greenockite, 242.
Ground holly, 89.
» nut, 28,
» raspberry, 2.
sanctum, 20.
Guaco, 87, 123.
se del monte, 87.
» del rastrojo, 87.
Guaiacol, 212.
Guaiacum officinale, 20.
Guarana, 14,
Guaza, 116.
Guilandina Bonducella, 36.
Guimauve, 10.
Guinea corn, 155.
” cubebs, 109.
» grains, 139.
Gul-i-pista, 250.
Gum acaroides, 148.
» arabic, 17.
», blackboy, 148.
», British, 213.
1, butea, 30.
s, cherry tree, 41.
» cistus, 9.
»» juniper, 129.
» Kuteera, 28.
»» Moussul, 29.
” Toridonnense, 28.
Guncotton, soluble, 214.
yee eae: seal 7
Ri
286
ia ea 12.
il, 12.
S candintadaaaiis 06k
Gypsum, 240.
» fibrous, 240.
Gypsophila Struthium, 10.
Gyrophora pustulata, 159.
os vellea, 160.
Hiabik hadee, 26. .
Habhal-habashi, 138.
Habzelia wthiopica, 3.
Heematin, 230.
Hematite, 245.
compact columnar, 245.
Hematoxylin, 228.
Hematoxylum Campechianum, 36.
Halicore dugong, 265. '
Halosimus Syriacus, 256.
Hartshorn, 266.
Hart’s truffles, 161.
Hashab, 37.
Hashish, 116.
Hayescine, 237.
Hazel crottles, 161.
ss) keg; 1.6L.
Heavy spar, 181.
, Hedeoma pulegioides, 102.
. Heil, 138.
Hellebore, American, 149.
‘3 swamp, 149.
35 ‘white, 149.
Helleborus wien 74 2.
s niger, 2.
viridis, 2, 149.
Hemidesmus Indicus, 97.
Hemlock, 50.
3 pitch, 128.
. spruce, 128.
A water, 50.
s dropwort, 52.
Henbane, annual, 101.
Pe biennial, 101.
Henna, 43.
Hepar sulphuris, 174.
Hepatic aloes, 145.
Hepiolus virescens, 163.
Heracleum Sphondylium, 52.
Herb, bennet, 42.
», Christopher, 1.
» Of grace, 19
Heudelotia Africana, 25.
Hickory, 123.
Ge scaly bark, 123.
Hing, 52.
Hingra, 52.
Hippopotamus amphibine, 265.
Hirneola Auricula-Jude, 161.
Hog gum, 24.
»» plum tree, 24.
Holarrhena antidysenterica, 92.
Holeus Sorghum, 155.
Hoodwort,. 104.
Hops, 117.
Hordeum distichum, 155.
tree,
Huile "de Cade, 130.
BY
Humulus Lupulus, 117. Re
Hydrangea arborescens, 43.
Hydrargyri iodidum, 190.
. Rs rubrum, 190.
a A viride, 190.
a oxidum flavum, 190.
Hydrastis Canadensis, 2.
Hydric dioxide, 165. >
» potassic carbonate, 171. 2
eS ae sulphate, 174.
»» _ 80die carbonate, 176. As
Hydride of benzyl, 206. “sj
Hydro-borocalcite, 237.
Hydrocarbons, 205.
-Hydrocotyle Asiatica, 52.
vulgaris, 43.
Hydrogen, hicarburch 206.
3 cyanide, 221,
» . ferrocyanide, 221.
$s peroxide, 165.
Hydroxyl, 165.
Hymenea Courbaril, 36.
re Mossambicensis, 36.
Hyoscyamus niger, 101.
Hyphene Thebaica, 152.
Hyraceum, 268.
Hyrax Capensis, 268.
Iceland spar, 234.
Icica Icicariba, 27.
Idris Yaghi, 154.
Ilex Paraguayensis, 90.
Illicium anisatum, 3.
Imyra Quiyuha, 113. .
Indayacu, 117.
Indian barberry, 6.
» bread, 162.
» corn, 157.
» fennel, 51.
» fig, 45,
» ginger, 123.
» hemp, 92, 116.
3 ipecacuanha, 97.
»» liquorice, 27.
» millet, 155.
» Physic, 42
» poke, 149.
ss sarsaparilla, 97, 132.
» Shot, 142.
7 walnut, 117.
yellow, 228. a
Indigo, 227. BO be
a By Bars 29.
gofera tinctoria, 30.
Indigotin, 227.
Parga,
” ‘simulans, 99
Tridic oxide, 193.
Tridium, 193.
# dioxide of, 193.
oxide, 193,
Tris Florentina, 144.
» Germanica, 144,
»» versicolor, 144.
Tron, 196.
ammonio-citrate, 196.
bisulphide of, 233.
carbonate, 196, 244.
citrate, 196.
» with Quinetum, 196.
columbate, 247.
dichloride, 196.
ferrocyanide, 197.
iodide, 197.
lactate, 197.
ore, 245.
Pr amg
» magnetic, 244.
» octahedral, 244.
» spathose, 244.
», Specular, 255.
oxalate, 197.
oxide, magnetic, 197.
» red, 245.
peracetate, 196.
perchloride, 196.
peroxide, 197.
perphosphate, 197.
23.
of Indian rolled leaf, 260.
a Konki, 263,
i Kroschki, 262.
» New York ribbon, 260.
a Para, 261.
ae patriarch, 262,
* Penang leaf, 260.
long-pipe, 261.
long-tongue, 259,
oyster, 260.
Pe Ss short-tongue, 259.
pa Persian lump, 263.
Da picked, 259.
ma Siberian fragments, 263.
99 » lump, 262.
ie Somovey book, 260.
leaf, 261.
as » Sshort-staple, 261.
, Sizzany or Sisane leaf, 261.
Re . skobky, 261
Isonandra gutta, 90.
Isphagtil, 102.
Ivory plant, 152.
” ”
” ”
” ”
” ”
Jaborandi, Pernambuco, 18.
Jaar, 155.
Jalap, male, 99.
» Stalk, 99.
» Spurious, 99.
»» Tampico, 99.
» Vera Cruz, 99.
»» woody, 99.
Jalapin, 99, 216.
Jamaica ash, 19.
a mignonette, 43.
” quassia, 19.
Jateorrhiza Calumba, 5.
almata, 5.
” p
Jatropha multifida, 120.
Jeffersonia diphylla, 6.
Jew’s ear, 161.
Jewellers’ rouge, 197.
Jerusalem oak, 108.
Jessamine, Carolina, 92.
” wil i.
Job's tears, 155.
ae)
, re
Jujube fruit, 23. 3
Juncus odoratus, 153. a
Juniper tar oil, 130.
Juniperus communis, 129.
- ’ rig
a . ‘
-
288
Juniperus Sabina, 130.
ms Virginiana, 130.
= Oxycedrus, 130.
Kaat Muktaree, 22.
», Subbare, 22.
Kali chlorinicum, 171.
», tartarizatum, 174.
;, vitriolatum, 174.
Kamala, 121.
Kapila, 121.
Kapilapodi, 121.
Karam, 25.
Karinghota, 20.
Karrodoorn, 37.
Kauri pine, 129.
Kawrie gum, 129.
Kelp, 167.
Kermes mineral, 200.
Ketones, 218.
Kharoub, 35.
Kh4vi, 153.
Kidneywort, 43.
Kiechlie gudda, 141.
Kikar tree, 37.
Kino, African, 31.
» Bengal, 30.
» Botany Bay, 46.
» East Indian, 31.
;, Jamaica, 106.
>, Pulas, 30.
Kola nuts, 11.
Kokum butter, 13.
Korarima cardamom, 137, 138.
Krameria tomentosa, 14,
a triandra, 14.
Kuskus, 154.
Kuteera gum, 28.
Kyanol, 222.
Lactin, 214.
Lactucarium, 88.
Lactuca virosa, 88,
Ladies’ smock, 9.
Lagenaria vulgaris, 45.
Laminaria digitata, 203.
Lana dye, 83.
Lanthanium sulphate, 185.
Larinus maculatus, 258.
Lastrea Filix-mas, 159.
s; Oreopteris, 159.
‘5 spinulosa, 159.
Laurostearin, 212.
Laurus Benzoin, 114.
=A nobilis, 114.
Laurel, true, 114.
Lavandula vera, 103.
Lavender, 103.
Lawsonia alba, 43.
ra inermis, 43.
Lead, 194.
» acetate, 194.
» arsenate, 244.
y» carbonate, 194, 244,
» Chloride, 195.
. :
| oie
4
a
INDEX.
~
i
Lead, chromate, 195, 244.
» dichromate, 195. :
3» dioxide, 195. id
» iodide, 195.
» molybdate, 195.
»» monoxide, 195.
» nitrate, 195.
” ” basic, 195,
1 ore, green, 244, ;
3, Oxide, 195. “J
x » basic, 195. , (
» oxychloride, Pattinson’s, 195.
»» peroxide, 195.
», phosphate, 244. +
» red, 195. ‘|
» suboxide, 195.
» sulphide, 244.
» tartrate, 196.
» triplumbic tetroxide, 195.
», VWanadate, 247.
3 White, 194.
Leaves, -argel, 97
Se benne, 105.
> buchu, 18.
a matico, 86, 109.
- ‘4 spurious, 109.
ir senna, 33, 34. ;
spurious, 19, 97.
” ” wild, 104.
$3 sesame, 105.
33 tobacco, 101.
Lecanora tartarea, 160.
Lecythis usitata, 47.
= Zabucajo, 47.
Leech, green, 249.
» speckled, 248.
Leipzic yellow, 195.
Lemon grass, 153.
» plant, 153.
” ”
» yellow, 195.
Lentils, European, 30.
Lepidolite, 238.
Leptandra Virginica, 105.
Lettuce, wild, 88.
Leucine, 230.
Levulose, 214.
Liatris spicata, 88.
Lichenin, 159.
Lickweed, 102.
Lign aloes, Mexican, 27.
= wood, 111.
Lignite, 166.
Lignum vite, 20.
Liquid-amber, 126.
” Altingia, 126.
és orientalis, 125.
6 styraciflua, 126. ~ }
Liquorice, 80. =H
dian, 27. yy
”
Lima wood, 33.
Lime, chloride of, 183.
» chlorinated, 183.
» citrate of, 183.
» hydrous borate of, 237.
us, 228.
Saver 0 of sulphur, 174.
Llama Glama, 268.
4 Vicugna, 268.
Lobelia, 24
Long nutmegs, 116.
Lords-and-ladies, 153.
Lotus beans, 6.
Luban Berbera, 26.
» Hunkur, 26.
» Makur, 26.
» Mattee, 26.
1» Morbat, 26.
Luffa ZXgyptiaca, 45.
” igs Bh
Luh-kiau, 22. *-
Lui-hwan, 162.
Lungwort, 161.
Lupuline, 117.
Lupulite, 117.
Lycoperdon nuts, 161.
Lycopodium, 159.
the 159.
Lydus "Algirious, 25
trimacula
|
” gulphate, 186, 235.
nS sulphite, 186.
» Sulpho-carbolate, 186.
sulphophenate of, 186.
Magnetite, 244.
Magnolia ‘glauca, 3.
Maidenhair, 158.
Bs Canadian, 158.
Mangrove tree, black, 48.
Malacca beans, 24.
Malachite, 242.
A: blue, 242.
. green, 242.
Mala insana, 253.
Malanea racemosa, 75.
Male fern, 159.
Mallow, 11.
Malva sylvestris, 11.
Mandrake 44.
pe: chloride, 199.
. dioxide of, 199.
oF oxide, 199.
” ”
” 99,
+? peroxide, 199.
oF phosphate, 199.
F sesquioxide of, 199.
sulphate, 199.
Manganous chloride, 199.
se sulphate, 199.
Mangosteen, 13.
Manihot utillissima, 121.
Manna ash, 101
» Australian, 214.
» eucalyptus, 214.
Manna croup, 157.
» trehala, 214.
Mannite, 101, 213.
Maple sugar, 15.
Marabunta’s nest, 255.
white, 189.
Margaritiphora eniiens: ~~ -
alnotin., nuts, 24
Marsh mallow, 10,
i 43
4
~
ae
-
black, 199.
red, 199.
|
Memecylon grandis, 48.
Menispermine, 224,
Menispermum Canadense, 5.
Mentha piperita, 103.
» Pulegium, 103.
Viridis, 103.
Menthyl hydrate, 210.
Molyacnite, 203.
Momordica Elaterium, 44.
Lniffa, 45.
Monarda punctata, 103.
Monkey bread, 11.
» cordifolia, 124.
., betel, 150.
. bondue, 36.
; butter, 123.
» cashew, 23.
» Clearing, 94.
» lycoperdon, 161.
s, nicker, 36.
» physic, French, 120.
* » Spanish, 120,
Nutmegs, 115.
i American, 3.
‘ Calabash, 3.
3 Camara, 111,
of Jamaica, 3.
ro long, 116.
is wild, 116.
(nanthe crocata, 52.
Cnanthyl hydrate, 210.
i 212.
?
» bay, 212. = ee.
bays, 114.
m beetle, violet, 257
” *
bitter almonds, artificial,
"oy =~ e8sential, 217.
” 47. .
a
292
Oil, Canada erigeron, 86.
,», celastrus paniculatus, 22.
», cinnamon, 113.
” ” leaf, 118.
», citronelle, 154.
» cognac, 209.
» cocoa-nut, 151.
” ” ” palm, 151.
,, country walnut, 117.
,, dugong, 265.
>, emu, 264.
», fulmar, 264
» tusel, 209.
» geranium, French, 21.
a . Turkish, 43, 154.
» gingelly, 105.
», ginger grass, 43, 119, 154.
» grass of Nemaur, 154.
», Indian melissa, 153.
», Jatropha, 119.
»» Juniper, 129.
>, Kundah, 15,
;, lemon grass, 153.
», linseed, 21.
» mace, 115.
,, male fern, 159.
», meadow-sweet, 217.
. » mirbane, 206.
», mustard, volatile, 210.
», nutmeg, 115.
3° Olive, 212.
», origanum, 104.
», palm, 151,
», palma rosa, 154.
5, pancreatic, 231.
», penguin, 264.
‘
»» Peppermint, stearoptene of, 210.
.» Poonga, 35.
», Ptychotis Ajowan, 211.
5, Rosa, 154.
» Rusa-ka-tel, 154.
4) savin, 130.
4, stavesacre, 2.
5, Tallicoona, 15.
», turpentine, 131.
s, verbena, 153.
',, vitriol, 169.
>, wild castor seed, 119.
, wintergreen, 89, 208.
Oil-nut tree, 123.
Oldenlandia umbellata, 83.
Olea Europea, 132.
Olein, 212.
Oleum, 3.
» abietis, 129.
> Badiani, 3.
» Egusé, 44.
Py pini sylvestris, 130.
templinum, 130.
Olibanum, 26, 51.
Olive tree, 102.
Ophelia angustifolia, 95.
» _ Chirata, 95. e
¥ Paris yellow, 195. > -
160.
me Commtantincina’ 3.
» Egyptian, 7.
’ English, 8,
», Indian, 8.
» Malwa, 8
Opuntia coceinellifera, 45.
Orchella weed, 160. yy
Orchis, early purple, 135. a
Organs, 103. :
Origanum vulgare, 103.
Orizaba root, 99. /
Oryza sativa, 156. -
Osmium sponge, 193.
Osseter, 262.
Otaheite salep, 144.
Othonna furcata, 87.
Otolithus, 259. /
Otto of rose, 21. ‘
Ovis aries, 266.
Oxalic acid, 220.
Oxalis acetosella, 21, 173.
Oxamide, 226.
Oxbalm, 102.
Oxidation products, 227.
Pachyma cocos, 133, 162.
Pakoe kidang, 158.
Palancupon, 138.
Palimara, 91.
Palladious oxide, 193.
Palladium, 193.
eS monoxide, 193. /
sponge, 193.
Palm, ” Guinea oil, 151.
» sago, 152.
Wax, 251,
Palmitin, 212.
Panax ginseng, 54.
» quinquefolium, 54.
Pancreatic fluid, 231.
Pancreatin, 231.
Panmuhuri, 51. f
Pao crayo, 113.
Papaver Rheeas, 7. ; 4
», somniferum, 7, aa.
Papaverine, 224. oe ‘
Paraban, 227.
Paraffin, 205.
Paraguay tea, 90.
Paramorphia, 226.
Paratoluidine, 222.
Pareira brava, 4.
» common false, 6.
+ inert false, 5.
» white, 3.
» yellow, 5. -
Parmelia perlata,
ale in ae
oe black, “110.
» cayenne, 100.
»» Ethiopian, 3.
>» Guinea, 100.
+» long, 109.
pod, 100.
Se est African black, 109.
white, 110.
Pepper- pot, 121.
Peppermint, 103.
mm tree, narrow leaved, 46.
Pepsine, 230.
Perchloroformene, 166.
Pereirine, 92.
Persea gratissima, 114.
Persian berries, 22.
s, insect powder, 87.
Petalite, 238.
Petroleum, Seidler 205.
” ; n, .
Peucedanum montanum, 53.
Pharbitis Nil., 100.
Pharmacosiderite, 244.
Phenamide, 222.
Phenyl hydrate, 210.
Phlebia mesenterica, 161.
Phloridzin, 216.
Pheenix
_
Pimenta officinalis, 47.
Pimpinella anisum, 53.
Pineapple essence, 208.
Pinhao Paraguay, 119
Pinus abies, 128.
+» balsamea, 128.
», Canadensis, 128.
s, Fraseri, 128. '
»» palustris, 131.
» Picea, 129,
» Pinaster, 130.
» Pinea, 130.
» Pumilio, 130
sylvestris, 130.
», Leda, 131.
Piper angustifolium, 109.
», cubeba, 110.
»» erassipes, 110.
+ nigrum, 110.
Piperin, 216.
Pipsissewa, 89.
Pistacia lentiscus, 23.
» Terebinthus, 24.
+» vera, 24,
Pistachio nuts, 24.
Pitch, 206.
Plantago iepecirals, 102.
Plantain, 143
af meal, 143.
Plaster of Paris, 183.
Plaster stone, 240.
Platinum, 193.
‘4 black, 193.
* spongy, 193.
Plocaria candida, 164.
»» helminthocorton, 163.
Plumbago, 166, 237.
Plumbi acetas, 194.
» ilodidum, 195.
+» hitras, 195.
Poaya branca, 10.
de Praja, 10.
» Verdadeira, 54.
Podophyllin, 6. -~
hepa pg peltatum, 6. -
Pogostemon Patchouly, 104. z 7
Poh di Bahia, 33. ;
Pohutu kawa, 47.
994
Polygonatum officinale, 147.
Polygonum Bistorta, 106.
Polynemus Indicus, 259.
a plebejus, 259.
Polypodium Calaguala, 159.
Polyporus fomentarius, 162.
» . Officinalis, 163.
Pomegranate, 47.
Pongamia glabra, 35.
Poplar, tacamahac, 126.
Populus balsamifera, 126.
f tremuloides, 126.
+ migra, 126.
Portland arrowroot, 153.
Potash bisulphate, ‘anhydrous, 174.
» ¢hromate, red, 172.
es * yellow, 172.
» ¢itrate, neutral, 172.
» hydriodate, 173.
» muriate, 171.
» oxymuriate, 171.
» prussiate, red, 172.
» subcarbonate, 171.
», tartrate, acid, 174.
* bibasie, 174.
Potassic dichromate, 172.
Potassium, 170.
ig acetate, 170.
<> albuminate, 230.
» arsenite, 170.
33 arseniate, dihydric, 171. —
ce bicarbonate, 171.
“ bichromate, 172.
s binantimoniate, 170.
= binarseniate, 171. ~
<- binoxalate, 173.
i. bisulphate, 174.
7 bitartrate, 174.
Am borotartrate, 171.
ye bromide, 171, 233.
53 earbonate, 171.
45 Pe acid, 171.
“f ehlorate, 171.
chloride, 171.
- ehromate, acid, 172.
ea Pe neutral, 172.
» ° ¢hrysammate, 228.
A citrate, 172.
+ cyanide, 172.
es dioxalate, 173.
i ferrate, 172.
» ° ferrieyanuret, 172.
Me ferricyanide, 172, 234.
sy ferrocyanide,.172, 233.
hydrargyro-cyanide, 172.
7 hydrargyro-iodide, 172.
~, iodate, 173.
a iodide, 173, 233.
‘a iodo-hydrargyrate, 172.
a manganate, 173.
A monosulphide, 174.
» ' monochromate, 172.
oe nitrate, 173.
» . nitrite, 173.
» . oxalate, 173.
INDEX.
aa os a) Sil Eee
a ‘ hTise.lCUT}
Potassium, osmiate, 173.
of perchlorate, 171.
+ permanganate, 173.
i quadroxalate, 174. -
” sulphate, 174.
” ,
” sulphide, 174.
Ps sulphocarbolate, 174.
8 sulphocyanide, 174.
‘ sulphophenate, 174.
fs sulphuret, 174.
me tartrate, 174. i
tetroxalate, 174. “ip X oa
Potato starch, 100. 1
Potentilla tormentilla, 42. “"
Potstone, 241. | ; “
Powder of Algaroth, 200.
Pristis antiquorum, 263.
Prickly ash, 12.
» elder, 53.
1 ‘pear, 45.
Prince’s pine, 89.
Prinos verticillatus, 90.
Propeny! hydrate, 212.
ee trilaurate, 212.
ns trioleate, 212.
= tripalmitate, 212.
5 tristearate, 213.
Propyl hydrate, 209.
Prosopis dulcis, 40.
= glandulosa, 40.
1». pallida, 40. .
Protein, 230.
Prunus lauro-eerasus, 114.
+, Serotina, 41.
» Virginiana, 41.
Prussian blue, 197.
Pseudaconitine, 1. {
Ptelea trifoliata, 18.
Pterocarpus erinaceus, 31.
5 Marsupium, 31.
santalinus, 32.
Ptychotis Ajowan, 53.
Puceinia graminis, 163.
Pucha-pat, 104.
Puchury beans, 114.
Pulas tree, 30.
Pulu, 158.
Pulvis antimonialis, 200. ~
» Carthusianorum, 200. E
Punica Granatum, 47.
Purga de Gentio, 117. ; vi
», dos Paulistas, 117. i
Purging flax, 21. ns
Purgo macho, 99. : ~)
Purguira nuts, 120. i >.
Purple of Cassius, 198. — “y
Purree, 228.
Purpurin, 228. |
Putang-kilunggu, 141.
Putty powder, 194.
_Pyrethrum Parthenium, 85, St. ;
” roseum, 87.
Pyrites, thalliferous, 243.
amara
» damaica, 19.
4, . Surinam, 20.
Queen’s delight, 122.
oof root, 122.
ite, 213.
citron, 124.
reus Aigilops, 123.
” pedunculata, 124.
» robur, 124,
» Sessiliflora, 124
» Suber, 124.
» tinctoria, 124.
Quicklime, 183.
Quillaia saponaria, 42.
Quina Blanca, 119.
», de Caronia, 18.
> do Campo, 94.
Quince, 43.
Quinidine, 223, 224.
” sulphate, 225.
Quinine, 196, 225.
” acetate, 67, 225.
., amorphous, 225.
», arsenate, 225.
». Citrate, 67, 225.
” disulphate, 67.
,, ferrocyanide, 225.
» hydrate, 225.
,, hydrochlorate, 225.
,. hydrochloride, 67.
oy hydriodate, 225.
” kinate, 225.
,», Phosphate, 67, 225.
” sulphate, 67, 225.
” ” acid, 225.
” tartrate, 225.
» valerianate, 225.
inoidine, 67, 225.
uintane, 209.
Quitch grass, 157.
” emodi, 106.
», officinale, 106, 107.
», Yhaponticum, 107, 108.
», Webbianum, 108.
» undulatum, 108.
Rhizophora Mangle, 48.
Bes racemosa, 48.
Rhodium, 193.
Rhus glabra, 24.
» Metopium, 24.
,, Toxicodendron, 24.
Ricinus communis, 121.
Ripogonum parviflorum, 132.
Roccella fuciformis, 160.
», Montagnei, 160.
» Phycopsis, 160.
,, tinetoria, 160.
Rock crystal, 238.
» rose, 9.
Root alkanet, 102.
” arnica, 85.
», assafootida, 52.
», ava, 110.
,, baneberry, 1. »
,, bangwell-zetta, 5.
5, beth, 135.
,, belladonna, 100.
,», birth, 135
., birthwort, 122.
,, bistort, 106.
» blood, 8.
5 blue flag, 144.
,, Bowman’s, 42.
nay
op
a1 Be
s
e
“sa
i |
296
. Root, dog’s bane, 92.
dropwort, 42.
elecampane, 86.
pipet i j 136
Chinese, %
oe de l’Inde, 136.
"45, _ greater, 136.
is Java, 136.
an lesser, 136.
light, 136.
gentian, 95.
ginger, Jamaica, 142.
ginseng, 54.
golden seal, 2.
gold thread, 2.
guaco, 87.
“ hellebore, black, 2..
Fe green, 2.
“o Nie 149,
hwang-lien, 2.
Indian pink, 93.
jalap, Tampico, 1, 99.
», Vera Cruz, 99.
», woody, 99.
liquorice, 30.
madder, Bengal, 84.
r crop, 83.
aye Gamene, 84.
ats ombro, 84.
mannari, 97.
mara munjil, 5..
mezereon, 110.
mishmi tita, 2.
mudar, 96.
munjeet, 84.
musk, 51.
orris, 144.
Pareira brava, 4.
» false, 4, 5;
grande, 4
He white, 4
» yellow, 5.
pellitory, 84.
pleurisy, 96.
poke, 109.
putchuk; 85.
red, 22.
rhatany, 14.
rheumatism, 6.
rhubarb, Bucharian,. 108.
a Chinese, 106.
s East Indian, 106.
5 English, 107.
ns French, 106,
” Himalayan, 106.
” ” small, 108.
a Russian, 106.
r sig ie
—
Root, snake, Virginian, 122.).-
” sp ’ 2
4, Squaw, 6.
-¢ sumbul, 51.
», sweet potato, 97.
,, tormentil, 42.
,, zedoary, 141,
zerumbet, 141.
Rosa canina, 42.
» centifolia, 42. .
es Damascena, 43.
», Gallica, 43.
Rose, cabbage, 42.
», Damask, 43.
” dog, 42.
» Provins, 43.
Rose-apple, 47.
» Chafer, 258.
Rosemary, 104.
Teses-bovnian: chloride, 198.
Rose pink, 96.
Rosin, black, 131.
» ‘white, 181.
Rosmarinus officinalis, 104.
Rottlera tinctoria, 121.
Rough chervil, 50.
Rubia cordifolia, 84.
», munjista, 84.
» tinctorum, 83.
Rubidium, 180.
A chloride, 180.
Rumex acetosa, 108.
» Hydrolapathum, 108.
Rusot, 6.
Ruta graveolens, 19.
Rutile, 243.
Rye, 157.
Sabbatia angularis, 96
Saccharose, 214.
Saccharum officinarum, 156.
wm penidium, 214.
Safflower, 86.
Saffron, Cape, 105.
» hay, 143.
Sagapenum, 53.
Sage, oil of, 104.
Sago palm, spineless, 152.
» dapan, 131.
Sagus levis, 152.
», Rumphii, 152.
Sajah, 49. .
Sal absinthii citratum, i
», acetosella, 174. |
ie ammonie, 179. res
culinary, 176.
Glauber’s, 178.
oe secret, 180.
Homberg’s sedative, 169.
Macqueer’s, 171.
Maldon, 176.
microcosmic, 177.
phosphorus, 177.
Rochelle, 178.
Seignette, 178.
smelling, 179.
rock, 176.
volatile, 179..
Salt of chrome, 172.
”
», hartshorn, 179.
., lemons, essential, 174.
”
‘5 sorrel, 173, 174.
,, Sylvius, febrifuge, 171.
tartar, 171.
Scorodosma fotidum, 52.
Scotch barley, 155.
fir, 130.
soda, 175.
Scythian lamb, 158.
Scutellaria lateriflora, 104.
Sea girdles, 203.
» lettuce, 164.
», oak, 164.
», salt, regenerated, 171.
Seaside grape, 106
Secale cereale, 157.
Seed, see Nuts, Berries, Beans,
ajowan, 53.
angelica, 49.
anise, 53.
barricari, 28.
broom, 32.
» Spanish, 32.
carapa Moluccensis, 16.
caraway, 49.
cardamom, 140.
re bastard, 140.
carrot, 50.
castor. oil, 121.
crab oil, 15.
cummin, 50.
dill, 49.
fennel, 51.
fenugreek, 82.
grains of paradise, 139.
Guinea grains, 139.
hemlock, 50.
Seed, stavesacre, 2. ©
» sunflower, 86
» teel, 105.
Selinum palustre, 53.
Semecarpus Anacardium, 24.
Semen ajave, 53.
» Cine, 85.
» contra, 85.
Semina cataputi# majoris, 121.
minoris, 120.
Semolina, 157.
Senecio aureus, 87.
Senna Alexandrian, 34.
», American, 34.
;, bladder, 30.
» damaica, 34.
;, spurious, 33.
», Tinnevelly, 33.
Tripoli, 33.
Sepia officinalis, 259.
Sepiolite, 241.
Sequa, 45.
Serapinum, 53.
Serronine, 18.
Sesamum Indicum, 105.
Seven barks, 43.
Sewruga, 262,
Shad, 260.
Sha-jin- ko, 140.
Shale grease, 205.
» residue, 205.
» spirit, 205.
Shrub trefoil, 18.
Siderite, 244.
Side-saddle flower, 6.
Silica, 170.
Silicic anhydride, 170.
», oxide, 170:
Silicon, 170.
Silkweed, swamp, 96.
Silphium, 53.
Silurus glanis, 260.
» Parkerii, 261.
Silver, 180.
,, acid chromate of, 180.
» glance, 239.
. 9 leaf, 122, 180.
‘55 monoxide, 181.
» native, 238.
», nitrate, 180, 181.
sulphuret of, 239.
Silver-fir, 129.
Simaba cedron, 20.
Simaruba amara, 20.
Simiri tree, 36.
Singhara nut, 48.
Sinapis alba, 9.
»» juncea, 9.
Smithsonite, 241,
Snake root, Virginian, 122.
Soapstone, 241.
Soap-tree, 14.
Soda, 175.
», anhydrous, 177.
» borate, native, 237.
» felspar, 238.
s» muriate, 176.
», phosphate, tribasic, 177.
Sodium, 175.
a acetate, 175.
s» | ammonio-phosphate, 177.
= antimoniate, 175.
» arsenate, 175. ae
Bh biborate, 175. . . 0G
ee bicarbonate, 176. - a
», ° bisulphite, 178.
Pr bitartrate, 178.
“ carbonate, 175.
” : ” acid, 176. F \
. chlorate, 176. »
ie chloride, 176, 233.
ne dithionate, 177.
” hydrate, 176. 7
- hypophosphite, 177. a
Me hyposulphate, 177. : .
. lactate, 177.
»> . metantimoniate, 175.
- monoxide, 177.
+ nitrate, 17%.
J nitrite, 177.
- nitroferrocyanide, 177.
3 nitroprusside, 177. :
$3 oxide, 177. i
us phosphate, 177.
os potassio-tartrate, 178, 234.
sy pyrophosphate, 177.
A sesquicarbonate, 176.
ne silicate, 177.
t stannate, 178.
+ > Sulphate, 178.
+ sulphite, 178. ’
5 sulphocarbolate, 178. om
5 sulphovinate, 178. ‘ "
$s sulphoethylate, 178.
Na sulphosulphate, 177.
a sulphophenate, 178: . as
a tartrate, 178. \
ai »» acid, 178. : a
», thiosulphate, 177. :.
» tungstate, 178. i.
a uranate, 203. — fhe
valerianate, 178. = ae
Solanine, 225. ae, 2
Solanum, dulcamara, 100. rake
” nigrum, 100. sd ea
ee —e ‘
enostemma
~ Solidago odora,
Solomon’s ac bi T.
|
Spicewood, 114
lia
PP small, 54.
Spindle tree, 22.
Spirit of salt, 208.
+» Wine, 208,
Spiritus «etheris nitrosi, 208.
Spodumene, 238.
Spondias lutea, 24.
Sponge, burnt, 248.
» honeycomb, 248.
» Turkey, 248.
Spongia officinalis, 248.
ys usta, 248.
Sa pene, 21.
purge, large flowering, 120.
Squaw mint, 102.
Squirting cucumber, 44.
Stagger weed, 8.
- Strontianite, 181,
ren muriate, 181.
Strontium, 181.
+i chloride, 181.
. onipbate, 188
” te, .
” a native, 239.
Strychnine, 226. ;
pa acetate, 226.
ad arsenite, 226.
a hydrochlorate, 229.
fa hydriodate, 226.
» Ditrate, 226. -
sulphate, 226.
Strychnos cinnamomifolia, 93.
pe Ignatii, 93.
re inermis, 93.
se nux vomica, 93.
ae potatorum, 94.
Sy pseudoquina, 94.
a3 toxifera, 94.
Sturgeon, common, 267.
ie great, 262.
Styracine, 211.
Styrax benzoin, 90.
» brun, 125.
» ¢alamita, 125.
Styrol, 207.
Styrolene, 207.
Succus hypocistidis, 127.
Sugar, barley, 214.
» cane, 156, 214.
s, diabetic, 214.
» ergot, 214.
» grape, 214.
» honey, 214.
» milk, 214.
»» ag, 214.
starch, 214.
Sulphur chloride, 168.
»» common pure, 168.
» flowers of, 168.
» hypochlorite, 168.
s in bacculis, 168.
» in rotulis, 168.
» iodidum, 168.
s, lotum, 168.
» wilk of, 168.
ms po common, 168.
” ” pure, 168.
» monochloride, 168.
» native, 237.
»» protochloride, 168.
» precipitatum, 168.
», roll, 168. :
», sublimatum, 168.
“ trioxide, 169.
Sumbul, 51.
»” al-teeb, 84.
Sus scrofa, 265.
Suva, 49.
Swamp hellebore, 149.
» Silkweed, 96.
Sweet fern, 124.
», flag, 149.
» gam, 126. -
» potato, 97.
» Spirit of nitre, 208.
Symplocarpus foetidus, 149.
Synantherin, 213.
Tacamahac, 12.
» poplar, 126.
Tacca oceanica, 144
» starch, 144.
Tag alder, 125.
Tale, 241.
Tallow tree, 122.
Tamarindus Indica, 36.
Tamus communis, 44, 132.
Tangle, 203.
Tapioca, 121.
Tar, Barbadoes, 205.
» coal, 206.
» heavy oil of, 206.
», light oil of, 206.
», Stockholm, 206.
wood, 206.
Taraxacum dens-leonis, 88.
Tartar emetic, 201.
», neutral, 174.
»» soluble, 174.
Tasmannia aromatica, 3.
Taurin, 231.
Tea, Abyssinian, 22.
», Assam, 12.
»» mountain, 89.
a oy blue, 87.
», New Jersey, 22.
7% foliated, 237.
Tephrosia Apollinea, 32.
Terebene, 205..
Terebenthene, 205.
Terminalia Belerica, 48.
= Catappa, 48..
* Chebula, 48.
» _ hydrate, 205.
Tetrasodic pyrophosphate, 1
Thalia dealbata, 143.
Thalliferous pyrites, 243.
Thallious aga 192.
Thallium, 191.
rs acetate, 191.
” al , 192.
antimoniate, 191,
a.
% carbazotate, 192.
Sd carbonate, 191.
f chlorate, 191.
oe chloride, 191.
a chromate, 191.
* iodide, 191.
re molybdate, 191.
as nitrate, 191.
” oxalate, 191. _~
we peroxide, 191. :
4 picrate, 192. a
53 platino-chloride, 191. ) a
sf sesquichloride, 191. _ ‘ “gy
He silicate, 192. 5
ie sulphantimoniate, 192. \—a
» . Sulphate, 192. ta
tungstate, 192. “
Thapsia garganica, 53. : es
Thea Chinensis, 12. Psy
», Assamica, 12. “3
Thebaine, 226. z
Theine, 226.
Theobroma cacao, 12.
Thoroughwort, 86.
Thuja articulata, 129.
Thus Judxorum, 125.
Thymus vulgaris, 104.
Thymyl hydrate, 211.
», hydride, 207.
Tikhar, 140.
Tikor, 140.
Tilia Europea, 12.
Tin, 193.
5, bisulphide, 194.
,, chloride, 194.
,, dichloride, 194,
,, dioxide, 194. 2:
5, iodide, 194. ws
5, monoxide of, 194. :
», oxide, 194.
pa »» native, 243.
», Salt, 194.
;, stone, 243.
sulphuret, 243.
Tincal, 237. 4
Tinospora cordifolia, 6. : ?
Titanite, 243. Ay;
Titanium, 194, 243. ‘
2 oxide native, 243. ‘ aan
Toluene, 206.
Toluidine, 222.
Toluenyl hydride, 206. -
Tolyl hydride, 206.
Toolsie flowers, 30.
Toothache shrub, 19.
Torba ee 166.
orbane
Forbanite, 166. :
Tous les mois, 142. —
Towanite, 242, e
Pg it * abe -
ie! nae ‘ww 3
Tuber estivum, 163.
> ¢ibarium, 163.
Tuckahoo, 162.
Tulip tree, 3.
Tungsten oxide, 203.
Turbith mineral, 190.
Turkey corn, 8.
” pea, 8.
Turners’ yellow, 195.
Turpentine Bordeaux, 130.
3 Chian, 24, 126.
Se crude, 131.
* Strassburg, 129.
Turpentine oil, hydrate, 205.
Tutty powder, 186.
Twin leaf, 6.
Tylophora a ~ eran 97.
Tyrosin, 230
. Ulexite, 237.
Ulmus campestris, 116.
» fulva, 116.
’ Umbilicus Veneris, 43.
Umbrella tree, 3.
Uncaria Gambir, 83.
Unkum, 87. s
Unto-mool, 97.
Upas tree, 117,
Uramil, 227.
Uranic oxide, 202.
Uranium, 202
om ammonio-carbonate, 202.
» nitrate, 202.
» _ oxide, 202.
"yellow, 203.
Uranoso-uranie oxide, 203.
Uranyl and a carbonate, 202.
Verek tree 37.
Vetiver, 154.
Vine maple, 5.
Viper, 236.
Vitis vinifera, 17.
Vittie vayr, 154.
Viverra Civetta, 268.
» Zibetha, 268.
Valeriana Phu, 84.
Wafer ash, 18.
Wai-fa, 32.
Wake Robin, 153.
Walnut, Indian, 117.
P white, 123.
Washing soda, 175.
Wassunta junda, 121.
Water chestnut, 48.
»» hemlock, 50.
Wattle-tree, black, 37.
green, 37.
Wavellite, 240.
Wax, bees, 255.
» Chinese insect, 210.
» Japan, 212.
»» palm, 150.
», Ssugar-cane, 156.
+» White, 255.
White bryony, 132.
» hellebore, 149.
», lead ore, 244.
Wheat, 157.
Widow wale, 117.
Wild allspice, 114.
» ginger,
Willow, round-leaved, 126.
ie
in
Win
bie
-
_ >
“Withertte, 181, 299.
yo
” Bar
Wormwood, 85.
Wourari, 94.
Wrack, black, 203.
» bladder, 203.
; » red, 203. :
Wrightia tinctoria, 92.
| Wu-kiu muh, 122.
Wulfenite, 195.
Wurrus, 121.
Xanthorrhiza apiifolia, 2.
Xylene, 206..
Xylobalsamum, 25.
Xylol, 206.
Xylopia ae 3.
» glabra, 3
Xanthoxylon clava-Herculis, 19,
fraxineum, 19.
Xanthorrhwa arborea, 147.
$5 Australis, 148.
‘ Zizyphus Jujuba, 28:
» sulphate, 187.
», sulphide, 187.
» sulphuret, 187.
», sulphocarbolate, 187.
valerianate, 187.
+ . ortacantha, 23.
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