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a CATALOGUE
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at OF THE
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FOSSIL MAMMALIA
IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM,
(NATURAL HISTORY)
CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.
PART I.
CONTAINING THE ORDERS
PRIMATES, CHTROPTERA, INSECTIVORA,
CARNIVORA, axp RODENTIA.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
1885.
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PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
F
PREFACE,
THE recent removal of the Geological Collections from the over-
crowded apartments of the British Museum in Bloomsbury to the
new and spacious galleries of the present building, has afforded
ample convenience to the scientific staff of the Department to
carefully examine and re-arrange the entire Collection—a work
upon which they are still engaged, and one that must necessarily
occupy many years to complete.
One result of the re-arrangement has been to bring into greater
prominence the need, long felt, of a series of Descriptive Catalogues
of each class of Fossil Remains, suited to the wants of the scientific
worker, in the same manner that it is hoped the Guide-books
satisfy the requirements of the ordinary visitor.
The present volume, which has been most carefully prepared by
Mr. R. Lydekker, forms Part I. of a series intended to embrace the
whole of the Fossil Vertebrata.
Catalogues of other Classes have been already printed or are
now in course of preparation; and it is confidently hoped that,
before many years have elapsed, similar records of the entire
Geological Collection will have been published.
HENRY WOODWARD.
British Museum
(Natural History),
Department of Geology,
January 1, 1885.
Eee ee ee
EEO
INTRODUCTION.
In the present Catalogue I have endeavoured, as far as possible, to
follow in the lines laid down by Professor W. H. Flower 'in respect
to the nomenclature of species and genera, and in regard to general
Systematic arrangement. A larger number of synonyms are, how-
ever, introduced, because in the case of fossils there is at present,
unfortunately, but little uniformity in nomenclature, and the same
species is still quoted by different writers under different designa-
tions. In the case of the less frequently employed synonyms
references are not always given. For each generic and specific
name adopted I have given, as far as possible, the place and date of
its first occurrence, and in many of the less perfectly known forms
references are added to figures or full descriptions. Great care has
been taken in endeavouring to find the proper name of each genus
and species.
In regard to systematic arrangement, | have endeavoured to so
modify that adopted by Professor Flower as to make it include the
host of extinct forms which are here dealt with, as it would be
inconvenient to be continually referring groups to an Incerta sedes.
In the case of well-known forms very frequently no specific or
generic characters are given; but in instances where there are a
number of closely allied genera, or a large number of species be-
longing to one genus, and distinguished by characters which are
not always readily apparent, I have frequently added a short notice
of some of the more important generic and specific characters which
are applicable to fossils. These characters are more fully given in
the case of imperfectly known forms; and in some instances indi-
vidual specimens which are of more than ordinary interest are more
or less fully described. Species which still exist are indicated by
their names being printed in Old-English characters.
1 Catalogue of Specimens of Vertebrated Animals in the Museum of the
Royal College of Surgeons, part ii. (1884).
Vill INTRODUCTION.
There has been some difficulty in deciding on the number of
specimens which should be introduced into the Catalogue, since the
Museum contains such vast quantities of the remains of some of
the commoner species that the introduction of the whole would be
utterly useless. In such instances the principle of introducing
nearly all the specimens displayed to the public in the cases of the
Mammalian Gallery has been adopted, together with such speci-
mens in the drawers as are of interest, either from their intrinsic
characters or on distributional grounds.
As far as possible references are given to all works in which
individual specimens have been either described or figured. In
the case of figured specimens the word (/fig.) is placed below
the number of the specimen. The specimens are referred to in this
Catalogue by their Register numbers. In the majority of cases
these numbers are written on oval yellow labels attached to the
specimens, the more recent acquisitions being ranged under the
letter M. In the case of some of the specimens which have been
longest in the collection the numbers are written on oblong white
labels, these numbers referring to a separate volume known as the
‘Old Catalogue.” Such specimens are entered with the affix 0.C.
to their numbers.
In the present state of science it is almost impossible to render
mammalian genera of equivalent value, since some writers regard
extremely minute differences as of generic value, while others
(among whom is the present writer) use generic terms in a wider
sense. Thus, among the Carnivora, the genera Hyena, Viverra, and
Cynodictis, as these terms are employed below, are examples of
generic terms used in the latter sense; while some of the other
genera of the Vivermde are founded on very small differences*. In
cases of imperfectly known forms, or those whose existing allies
belong to groups very difficult to distinguish merely by those cha-
racters available in the case of fossils, the generic terms employed
by contemporary writers are very generally retained.
In enumerating the teeth of the typical heterodont eutherian
Mammals, each tooth of the cheek-series is referred: to its proper
position in the complete series, the first premolar always meaning
the first tooth in the typical series of four, and so with the succeed-—
ing teeth.
1 Thus, as far as can be judged from the mandible, it seems very doubtful
whether Palgoprionodon can be distinguished from Prionodon.
INTRODUCTION. 1x
With regard to geological horizons, I have adopted, after mature
consideration, the following classification of the ‘Tertiaries of
‘Europe, which is modified from the tables given by Messrs. Gaudry,
Boyd Dawkins, and Max Schlosser. J have included the Pikermi
and Mont-Lebéron beds in the Pliocene, but have retained the
Eppelsheim beds, which are sometimes classed in the same division,
at the top of the Miocene. As regards their mammalian fauna, the
Eppelsheim beds seem transitional between the Pliocene and the
Miocene. Thus they contain Dinothertum, which is common to
the Middle Miocene and Lower Pliocene (Pikermi); and likewise
Rhinoceros schleiermachert, which ranges from the Middle Miocene
of Sansan! to the Lower Pliocene of Pikermi, as well as the Middle
Miocene Lutra dubia*. Their affinity to the Lower Pliocene is
marked by the commencement of the genera Hipparion and
Simocyon, the Pikermi species of which genera are identical with
those of Eppelsheim. Professor Gaudry” is also inclined to identify
the Pikermi Aceratherium with the Eppelsheim A. incisivwm. The
Eppelsheim beds do not, however, contain the highly specialized
Ruminants of Pikermi. The probable nearness in time of the
(Eningen beds to those of Eppelsheim, and the affinity of the mam-
malian fauna of the former to that of the Middle Miocene of Sansan,
tends to connect the Eppelsheim beds with the Miocene. I have
discarded the term Oligocene (although its place is shown in the
table), as it appears to me to be an unnecessary encumbrance. The
Ronzon beds, with which, from the occurrence in both of Hyopotamus
bovinus*, the Hempstead beds are associated, are placed at the
bottom of the Miocene, while the French phosphorites are placed at
the top of the Eocene, as transition beds between the Miocene and
Eocene. The mixture of Miocene and Eocene forms in the latter
deposits is shown by the circumstance that they contain species like
Cephalogale brevirostris’, Hycnodon vulpinus®, Anthracotherium
magnum, and Hyotherium typus, common to the Lower Miocene,
and others like Hyawnodon heberti', Pterodon dasyuroides, Palco-
therium magnum, and P. crassum, common to the Upper Eocene.
The Egerkingen beds of Switzerland are placed in the Upper Eocene,
following in this respect the views of Dr. Max Schlosser‘. They
1 This is on the assumption that R. sansaniensis is specifically the same.
2 Vide infra, p. 192.
3 Les Enchainements, Mam. Tert. pp. 47, 51 (1878).
4 Vide Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i. p. 547 (1884).
5 Vide infra, p. 147. 8 Ibid. p. 28. 7 Ibid. p. 21.
8 Paleontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 96 (1884).
x INTRODUCTION.
contain Anthracotherium gresslyi (Meyer), common to the Headon
series of Hordwell’. These observations indicate that the terms
Pliocene, Miocene, and Kocene cannot be categorically defined, but
must merely be regarded as marking stages in geological evolution.
The subyolcanic alluvium of Puy-de-Dome, from the number of
its extinct mammalian forms, is classed at the top of the Pliocene;
but it is quite probable that it may really be transitional between
the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The ossiferous strata of the typical
Siwalik hills of India, the contemporary strata of Burma and China,
and part of the Siwaliks of the Punjab are referred to the Pliocene;
while the lower Siwaliks of Sind and the Bugti hills may not impro-
bably be referred to the lower part of the same epoch, or may be
regarded as transitional between the Pliocene and Miocene. The
Narbadas of India are classed with the Pleistocene.
TABLE OF EvROPEAN TERTIARY STRATA,
Val d’Arno (in part).
Norwich Crag.
1. Upper PLiocenr, {Yalan of Puy-de-Ddme.
(?) Red Crag (Suffolk, &c.).
Ss:
Montpellier and Casino (Tuscany).
Coralline Crag (Suffolk).
2. LowEr PuLiocens. a
Te mi (Attica) and Mont Lebéxon (Vaucluse).
g
S
Baltavar (Hungary).
Concud (Spain).
Eppelsheim (Hesse Darmstadt).
Ciningen (Switzerland).
Georgensmind (Wiurtemberg).
3. Upper Miocene.
~ 8s
4. Mippie Mioornz. a. Vienna basin (in part).
( Hibiswald (Styria).
Kapfnach (Switzerland).
Steiheim (Bavaria).
b. 4 Sansan and Simorre (Gers).
| St. Gaudens (Haute-Garonne).
Grive St. Alban (Isére).
| Chaux-de-Fonds (Switzerland).
Montabuzard.
Orléannais.
Monte Bamboli (Tuscany).
S
a. 4 Haslach (near Ulm).
Hochheim (near Wiesbaden),
ae ee Gérand-le-Puy (Allier).
Puy-de-Dome.
5. Lower Miocene. | Weissenau (near Mayence).
1 See Lydekker, Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. ii. February 1885.
2 Tt has not been considered necessary. to introduce the Pleistocene.
INTRODUCTION. <1
Lower Miocene (con- ( Fontainebleau (Seine-et-Marne). \
tinued). Ferte Alais (Seine-et-Loire).
Villebramar (Lot-et-Garonne),.
. 4 Lausanne (Switzerland).
on}
Cadibona (Italy).
Ronzon, near Puy-en-Velay (Haute-Loire).
| ? Hempstead (Isle of Wight).
6. Upper Eocene. (Quercy phosphorites, Caylux, Mouillac, &e.
| (Central France). |
} GErlinger-Thal (Switzerland).
| Pappenheim, (?) Egerkingen (Switzerland) (in }
| _ part). |
\ Brie (Charente).
Paris gypsum.
Débruge (Vaucluse).
Bembridge (Isle of Wight).
Souvignargues (Gard).
( Beauchamp, New Forest.
| Headon (Isle of Wight).
. 4 ? Mauremont (Switzerland) (in part).
| ? Egerkingen (in part), and Ober-Gésken (in
| part).
‘ANGOODITO
is}
7. Mippie Eocene. Calcaire Grossier.
Argenton (Indre).
Issel (Aude).
Bracklesham (Sussex).
8. LowER Eocene. = London Clay.
* | Cuyse-la-Motte.
6. Soissonnais.
La Fére (Aisne).
S
In regard to the history of individual specimens, a large number
of them have been obtained from dealers, and these are entered
merely as Purchased, with the date of such purchase. The same
remark applies to many specimens bought at sales; the original
ownership of such specimens not being a matter of especial interest.
Specimens which form part of Collections of more or less historic
value, are entered with the name of the collection to which they
respectively belonged. The following list gives some particulars
relating to these Collections :—
Bean Collection.—Purchased from Mr. William Bean of Scar-
borough in 1859.
Brady Collection.—Purchased from Sir Antonio Brady, late of
Stratford, Essex, in 1878. Consists of specimens from the Pleis-
tocene deposits of Ilford, Essex ; and is described in a Catalogue by
Mr. W. Davies, F.G.8., printed for private circulation in 1874.
Bravard Collection—This collection comprises two portions, both
of which were collected by M. Bravard, and were purchased from
xii INTRODUCTION.
him by the Trustees. The first part consists of specimens from
the Tertiaries of France, and was acquired in 1852. The second
portion is from the Pleistocene of South America; it was collected
in 1852 and 18538, and acquired in 1854.
Van Breda CollectionPurchased in 1871 from the executors
of Professor Van Breda of Haarlem.
Brixham-Cave Oollection.—Presented through the Council of the
Royal Society in 1876.
Brome Collection.—Consists of specimens from the caves of Gib-
raltar ; it was made by Captain F’. Brome, sometime Governor of the
Military prison at Gibraltar, and was presented through the Governor
of Gibraltar in 1876.
Buckland Collection.—Purchased at the sale of the Collection of
the Rey. Prof. Buckland, D.D. (Dean of Westminster).
Cautley Collectton.—This magnificent collection is entirely made
up of specimens from the Siwaliks of India, and was presented by
Colonel Sir Proby T. Cautley, K.C.B., in 1842.
Claussen Collection.—Purchased from M. Claussen in 1845 and
1848. It consists of specimens from the caverns and Pleistocene
deposits of South America.
Oroizet Collection.—Purchased from the Abbé Croizet in 1848 and
1849. This collection comprises specimens from the Tertiaries in
the district of the Auvergne.
Egerton Collection.—Purchased from the executors of the late Sir
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart. (Trustee Brit. Mus.), in 1882.
Enniskillen Oollection.—Purchased from the Right Hon the Earl
of Enniskillen, D.C.L., in 1882.
Green Collection.— Purchased in 1843 from the Rev. C. Green,
of Bacton, Norfolk. Mainly consists of specimens from the Forest-
bed of Norfolk and the fens of the adjacent counties.
Hastings Collecttion.—Purchased from the Marchioness of Hastings
in 1855. A collection rich in specimens from the Tertiaries of
Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. f
Leith-Adams COollection.—Purchased from the late Professor
Andrew Leith-Adams, M.D., in 1873. Composed of specimens from
the caverns and fissures of Malta.
Owles Collection.—Purchased in 1874 from Mr. J. J. Owles of
Great Yarmouth. This collection mainly consists of specimens
dredged off the ‘‘ Dogeer-Bank” and the Eastern coast of England.
McEnery Collection.—Purchased in 1842 at Torquay, at the sale
of the collection of the Rev. J. McKnery. Mainly a collection of
specimens from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay.
INTRODUCTION. Xili
Mantell Collectton.—This was purchased in two parts: the first
from Dr. Gideon A. Mantell in 1836, and the second from his
executors in 1853. .
Pomel Collection.—Purchased from M. J. Pomel in 1851. The
greater part of this collection is made up of specimens from the
French Miocene.
Sémmering Collection.—Purchased from Herr Sémmering in 1827.
Spratt Collection.—Presented by Admiral Spratt, C.B., in 1874
and 1878. Exclusively from the caverns and fissures of Malta.
Tesson Collection.—Purchased from M. Tesson in 1857.
Toulmin-Smith Collection.—Purchased in 1869 from the widow
of Mr. Toulmin-Smith.
Wetherell Collection.—Purchased from Mr. N. T. Wetherell, of
Highgate, in 1871, through Mr. J. Tennant.
The specimens presented by Mr. C. Falconer are from the collec-
tion of Dr. Hugh Falconer.
The abbreviations employed for serial publications are in the main
those used_in the ‘ Geological Record’ for 1878; but an explanation
of those used in this part has been appended.
The metrical system is employed for all measurements.
In conclusion, I have to express my best thanks to Mr. William
Davies, of the Geological Department of the Museum, for the
valuable information he has given me regarding the history of
individual specimens, and of the different collections, as well as for
some MS. notes. I also owe him thanks for having looked over
the proof-sheets of this Catalogue. My thanks are likewise due to
Mr. Oldfield Thomas, of the Zoological Department of the Museum,
for much valuable assistance in identifying existing species of
Mammals, and more especially in the case of the Rodents’.
RICHARD LYDEKKER.
The Lodge, Harpenden,
Hertfordshire.
Christmas, 1884.
* It may not be out of place to observe that, in my work on the Fossil
Mammals of India, published in the ‘ Palzxontologia Indica’ (Memoirs of the
Geological Survey of India), ser. 10, vols. i., ii., and iii., the names employed
for several species of Huropean fossil mammals are different from those given
in the present work. This is owing to the circumstance that I had not then
the time, or in many cases the means, of entering into the question of the right
of priority of the names employed, but merely took them on the authority of
other writers. Some’ errors in the authority for various specific names ae
occur in that work.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
[Existing species are denoted by an asterisk. |
Order PRIMATES .
Suborder ANTHROPOIDEA .
Family SIMIIDA .
Dryopithecus fontani
Hylobates antiquus .
Family CEHRCOPITHECID As
Semnopithecus paleeindicus
monspessulanus .
Macacus pliocenus .
Cynocephalus sablielaganiis
Sp.
Genus non det.
Mesopithecus pentelici .
Family CEBIDA
*Cebus apella .
*Mycetes ursinus .
Suborder LEMUROIDEA .
Family LEMURIDA .
Subfamily ADAPIsINZ.
Adapis magna
parisiensis .
, Var. crassus
Necrolemur antiquus
edwardsi
ee
wet
oe Fe Fe
IODoree WD LW
Xvi SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
il Order CHIROPTERA.
Suborder MICROCHIROPTERA
_ Family RHINOLOPHID%
*Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum
antiquus
Phyllorhina (?), sp. .
Family VESPERTILIONIDA .
Vespertilio murinoides .
insignis. .
Order INSECTIVORA
Suborder IVSECTIVORA VERA .
Family TALPIDA .
Subfamily Tatpinz
*Talpa europea
telluris
sp.
Subfamily Myocatma
*Myogale moschata.
Family SORICIDA
Sorex, sp. . ,
*Crossopus fodiens
* remifer .
Family ERINACEIDAs
Erinaceus arvernensis .
Genus non cet.
Family TUPAIIDA
Plesiosorex soricinoides
Page
th
dd
let
1:
ae
13
13
14
14
16
16
lee
17
17
17
-, =a
19
19
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Xvil
Page
eee EV OR Ate rare Soo Sia 2. 20
Suborder CARNIVORA PRIMIGENIA.... . 20
Peat EE ANNO DON PED Bes YoU s- 8 e
Eyeenadore teherty 22"... <2 3 a es SE
brachyrnynehus 2 “S221 Ss 2s
SOE or sh ee tee 2
fefhoroyaehuse e435) 23) Tarren 2 hee
Gubiwse 2 fea) te eee er Sane
a MUNG IR ORES ee ee
COP sil ae ee er Seen eat Ss) oe
Escradem dasyarnides! o> 40.) ad 0 oe
Gyena callicw 2s Pe ae eta eV Oe
Eereeie ena iit aed? oe aN ge 2 2 in len a AO
Argillotherium toliapicum .... . At
meer G4RNIVORA VHRA +H >. 2 oe fp UAL
Tatil 19 ae See ae ee er
Macherodus meganthereon . . . .. 42
CHP TP ST Mat Ai as Per gr ahd eee
Pensen toi in cx youd st ac Sete bs. eae
BiVIeNISIG oa) ac ta ee ee ae A
Pabewndieus: ts. eeul ae ween. Si LO
BEC OIG Bi cds ray tet Ae oe a ah gE
SuchSlear ge -shay lp aeedec . Se et wed
GRSthey Paes See. Se uk Cane
beaehyemaths Fa eo 28
BEISC a ata hart se Ob oe nee
* PPUPCHEIGSs Sti) Ome Cnt aired. a. co oe. ete eels
SiGe eo ot Va tie ae ie ae at + oh ee ee
= GHEE. 3. ata tae te 2) ae
%
Pardabis, | 4's 3h ig ot & 4s 3a), Ree
yt PAL Neee Ves ea celeeh) Cee. soa ae SOE
CNet oe ee ate es | SS
Peevirgstens au tas) dot at. 2 eS
———- ISON GEEMAIG, o!) desl goes CES
Ceyrite sete ee al) a! | we aoe GS
* Cine See oo SE
Pseudelurus intermedius. . ... . 64
XVili SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
Family FELIDA® (continued).
Proslurus lemanensis . » . 2 2) eee
Atlurogale siwalensis «. 1/7.) 2a eu
/dluropsis annechans . . % . ee
Family HY NIDA.) a er
*Hyena crociita..- + , . . % |
perrieri «03.
sinensis =. (2). .'*. + \ 0
felina. .. 4.00, 2 A re
colvimi.,. 4...)
eximia’, 4) fain se
antiqua . 4.4. 1. rn
% striata .i 2) 0: 0. . Si" (
sivalensis. . =... %. 9. 4. se
macrostoma . . . = 3. oe
Lepthyzena sivalensis . 2 ... «a. gueeen
Family VIVERRIDA °° 2°. . 2° >
Tctitherium hipparionum - -. . ~ eaeee
robustum .'.. °. 2 /. -.| _
Paleoprionodon mutabilis . . . . . 94
Spi et oe 6 8 ew re
=== + (502. CUA katy ene 96
Stenoplesictis caylma. FY). . 2
Viverra bakeri-’.- .". 29... {nn
durandi (9. 2.0 a2) Sr
hastingsig ! 8." sol +. a
angustidens’ 2°... . 2)
Amphiciis antiqua.;). -.-. . .) ie
BPs tpt oat le. Ato Sr
Genus non det. Wm 2. wee
Herpestes minimis... “. |. 2) ee
Genus non det. ol. 4) pow Li
Family URSIDAl. 2.0022).
Subfamily Camina 3.
Cynodictis lacustris . «©. .,%°. ie
crassidens .°’'; “7. [ue i es as
se es
Si aa al aa aes ial
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Family URSIDAK (continued).
Cynodictis gryel .
— — longirostris
compressidens
, var. viverroides .
curvirostris
—_—_——
brachyrostris .
—— intermedia’.
—— hboriei
dubia
, Var.
leptorhyncha .
» var. viverroides .
Spi
(?), Sp. «
*Tcticyon venaticus .
Lycaon anglicus .
*Canis lupus
cautleyi
Sp.
Sp. ft
neschersensis .
sp.
vulpes .
Sp.
sp. Aare
curvipalatus .
palustris
— (?), sp. .
Amphicyon giganteus .
*
—— major
paleindicus
lemanensis
ambiguus .
dominans .
(3)5 Bo
Simocyon diaphorus
Cephalogale geoffroyi .
brevirostris
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Family URSIDAG (continued).
Subfamily Ursinz
Dinocyon thenardi .
Hyzenarctos sivalensis .
—— punjabiensis .
paleindicus
sp.
—(?), sp. .
SD.
Arctotherium bonariense .
Ursus speleus
* horribilis
x AreLos
arvernensis
namadicus.
1g americanus
Family MUSTELIDA:.
*Mustela martes .
Sp.
* putorius
ay vulgaris
* erminea
angustifrons
sectoria .
—— mustelina .
—— waterhousei
—— (?),sp..
Sp. ,
Plesictis palustris
croizeti .
lemanensis
(?), Sp. .
*Gulo luscus
Mellivora sivalensis
*Meles taxus
*Lutra vulgaris
paleeindica .
dubia
campani
Page
150
150
150
158
154
155
155
156
157
159
166
173
175
Is
176
176
176
Lig
179
179
180
180
181
181
182
183
183
184
184
185
186
187
188
189
191
191
191
192
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. xxi
Family MUSTELID (continued). Page
Kutrasivalensis: oS 8 2 e 2
MACEDON a reeset ee te wae eg
TINO ES eater a te Me Se oa ti ak ing
suporder CARNEWVOLAlPINNIPEDIA .*. sien 496
Pamir O PAPER Ace. cho a, a, A ey tae eee
*Otaptay Torstert sec servatvad > «224: oer ave ROG
Sp. 196
Hamahy sheen CRU A Pa) ne ae OE
HU PICWOCHUS FORMGTUS (rif \ cs.) ss e BOE
Fi ea ee at el cacao sae eh cee
Alachtheriunt eretsis 4 8). 2. > 2 +p NOS
‘Peichechodon Konmekis>.2.:. 5 % 4 200
Beymer liye PbO EArt Cr et ne a eee
IMesolarick am DISUAr ys sew ue ON
Palmonhoca NYSbh: 90.) oa; <0 yas ey na ee
Callophocaobseuran 2 a. ae 20S
Platyphoca vulgaris) . 2... s . 208
Gryphoca similise: Vo 4s, <))s ~. eaOF
Bhocanellaspumitla: 5s 2 Oe
TUITOIN Pac ig er hagyi sy SA ake ae ate ee
Phocarvunlimordes 4 2 325 oF va a | 208
Monathertum delosmt So. ss 206
GUMOM sce ttre cose tc. Sak ere ee
HDGEFADUMEG i sce oe kg ks ol a ee
icopkoca, rausseantr (2° LS) So ees
TOVOSMUM CH ges ce cs cl owe, cae | ae
Order RODHNYT EAs, . ja. eT err ie
Suborder RODENTIA STMPLI orp TATA Sec Oe
Section ScIUROMORPHA. eee se og 209
apathy mC CU bel Ae ete at ytd nek,
PSChUIrMS yUlcerinetr neers tS. a oe 5 BOE
{CRO ee Sw og a BOS
CHa AnIAGM as fi ees Sw we | BO
SP Gh ae OVE eens oie eed > EE
Pseudoseiurus suevicus ..... . Q2Il
Xxli
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Family SCIURIDA‘ (continued).
Sciuroides quercyi .
intermedius
Spermophilus superciliosus
erythrogenoides .
Plesiarctomys gervaisi .
*Arctomys marmotta
Family CASTORIDA .
*Castor canadensis
ag fiber .
Trogontherium cuvieri .
Chalicomys eseri.
jeegeri
Castoroides ohioensis
Genus non det.
Section MyomorPHA.
Family MYOXID At
Myoxus melitensis .
sansaniensis
——— Murinus
sp. .
Family MURIDA .
Nesokia, sp. .
Cricetus musculus
*Mus lineolatus
(2), Bien.
*Mastacomys fuscus .
*Hapalotis albipes
Cricetodon minor
medius .
— cadurcensis
— gergovianus
sansaniensis
Hesperomys, sp. 1 .
sp. 2
sp. 3
sp. 4
*Arvicola amphibius .
Page
212
212
212
212
213
214
214
263
214
216
218
220
221
. “22s
222
. 2929
222
224
224
225
225
226
226
227
227
227
227
228
228
. ' 228
229
229
229
2300
230
.* 2aue
230
SYSTEMATIC INDEX,
Family MURIDZ (continued).
Arvicola ambiguus .
. ratticeps
* agrestis .
*____ olareolus
sp.
Family SPALACIDZ .
Rhizomys sivalensis.
Section HystRIcoMORPHA.
Family THERIDOMYIDA: .
Theridomys lembronicus
aquatilis
Protechinomys major
gracilis .
breviceps
Archeomys laurillardi .
Trechomys platyceps
intermedius
Family OCTODONTID£: .
Loncheres, sp.
*Carterodon sulcidens
Ctenomys, sp. 1 .
sp. 2
Family HYSTRICIDA
Synetheres fossilis
Hystrix refossa .
sp.
sivalensis .
Family CHINCHILLIDA
*Lagostomus trichodactylus
Family DASYPROCTID As
Dasyprocta, sp. .
*Coelogenys paca .
XxXill
Page
231
232
232
233
233
233
233
234
234
23d
237
240
241
241
242
243
244
244
244
245
245
246
246
246
247
247
248
249
249
XXIV SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Family CAVIIDA .
*Cayvia porcellus .
Microcavyia, sp. yore
Issiodoromys pseudanema
Nesocerodon quercyi
minor
Dolichotis, sp. 1.
sp. 2 gee ete:
*Hydrocherus capybara
Suborder RODENTIA DUPLICIDENTATA .
Family LAGOMYID
*Lagomys pusillus
sardus .
ceningensis
—— meyer.
visenoyiensis .
Family LEPORIDA
*Lepus timidus
lacosti .
sa braziliensis
* cuniculus .
sp. .
Page
251
251
251
252
253
. 253
254
254
254
255
255
255
256
256
257
258
259
259
260
260
261
262
Fig.
G dD bo dD DO RP RP RB RP RP RPP re re
ee eS Se Ge bee co fo co) > an Spe Coe nS 2) Oo >
oR ob
xXxXV
LIST OF WOODCUTS.
. Hyzenodon indicus. Lower premolar
——(?), sp. Lower molar
. Oxyena gallie. Palate :
. Macherodus sivalensis. Upper teeth
Mandible .
neogeus. Skull .
Hyeena felina. Cranium .
—colvini. Mandible
Stenoplesictis cayluxi. Oranium.
. Viverra zibetha. Palate
hastingsie. Skull . .:. :
Upper dentition
. Herpestes minimus. Mandible .
. Cynodictis gryei. Upper molars .
longirostris(?). Palate .
compressidens. Mandible .
dubia. Mandible
. Canis cautleyi. Palate and mandible .
vulpes. Palate
. Cephalogale brevirostris. Mandible
. Hyeenarctos punjabiensis. Upper molar
sp. Upper molur
sp. Lower molar
. Arctotherium bonariense. Palate
. Mustela, sp. Mandible.
sectoria. Mandible .
. Mellivora sivalensis. Palate and mandible
. Lutra campani. Upper carnassial
sivalensis. Upper carnassial .
. Castoroid, gen. non det. Lower molar
. Rhizomys sivalensis. Mandible .
. Hystrix sivalensis. Mandible
(?). Cranium.
Page
31
32
36
45
46
48
81
86
97
98
101
101
104
110
1g
113
LEG
128
131
148
153
155
157
158
177
181
189
192
193
221
234
248
249
XXVll
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN REFERENCES TO
SERIALS QUOTED IN PART IL
[Where not otherwise stated, the works are in 8vo. |
Abh. k. Ak. Wiss. Berlin.—Abhandlungen der koniglichen Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 4to. Berlin.
Abh. math.-phys. Cl. k.-bay. Ak. Wiss Abhandlungen der mathematisch-
physikalischen Classe der koniglich-bayerischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Miinchen. Munich.
Abh. schweis. pal. Ges.—Abhandlungen der schweizerischen paleonto-
eraphischen Gesellschaft. 4to. Basle.
Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux.-—Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux.
Bordeaux.
Amer. Journ.—The American Journal of Science and Arts. Newhaven
CU282A.).
Amer. Nat.—American Naturalist—Salem, Mass. (U.S.A.).
Ann. d. Muséum.—Annales du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle 4 Paris.
Paris.
Ann. Fi. et Kir. d’ Anat. et de Physiol.—Annales Frangaises et Etrangéres
d’Anatomie et de Physiologie, &c., &c. (Laurent). Paris,
Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg—Annales du Musée Royal d’Histoire Natu-
relle de Belgique. Brussels.
Ann. Sci. Géol. Annales des Sciences Géologiques. Paris. ¢
The memoirs of Dr. Filhol quoted in this serial are also published
in the ‘ Bibliothéque de l’Kcole des Hautes Etudes,’ Paris.
Ann. Sct. Nat— Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Paris.
Ann. Soc. Agric. Sct. le Puy.—Annales de la Société d’ Agriculture,
Sciences, Arts et Commerce du Puy. Le Puy.
Ann, Soc. Scr. Phys. Nat. Toulouse.—Annales de la Société des Sciences
Physiques et Naturelles de Toulouse. Tozlouse.
Arch. d. Muséum.—Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle
a Paris. 4to. Paris.
Arch, Mus. Lyon.—Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Lyon.
Ato. Lyon.
Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat—bBibliothéque Universelle et Revue Suisse.—
Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles. Geneva.
Archiv fiir Natur.—Archiv fiir die gesammte Naturlehre (Kastner).
Nuremberg.
XXVlil _ ABBREVIATIONS.
Asiatic Researches. Calcutta.
Aiti Soc. Ital. Sct. Nat.—Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali. —
Milan.
Bull. Ac. R. Belg— Bulletin de PAcadémie Royale des Sciences, &c. de
Belgique. Brussels.
Bull. Soc. Géol. France.—Bulletin de la Société Géologique de la France.
Paris.
Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris.—Bulletin de la Société Philomatique de Paris.
Paris.
Bull. Soc. Sav.—Bulletin des Société Savantes, &c. Paris.
Comptes Rendus—Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de
VAcadémie des Sciences de l’Institut de France, 4to. Paris.
Denkschr. kk. Ak. Wiss:x—Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der
Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe.
Ato. Vienna.
Denkschr. schw. nat. Ges.—Denkschriften der schweizerischen natur-
forschenden Gesellschaft. 4to. V arious Swiss Towns.
Gelehrte Anzetgen.—Gelehrte Anzeigen der koniglich-bayerischen Aka-
demie der Wissenschaften. Mumch.
Geol. Mag.—Geological Magazine. London.
Tsis—Isis von Oken. 4to. Levpsie.
Journ. As. Soc. Beng.— Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
Calcutta.
Journ. R. Dublin Soc.—Journal of the Royal Dublin Society. Dubhn.
Journ. Zool.—Journal de Zoologie. Paris.
K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr.—Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes
Selskabs Skrifter, naturvidenskabelig og mathematisk Afdee-
ling. Ato. Copenhagen.
Magazin Encyclopédique—Magazin Encyclopédique, &c. (Milin). Paris.
Mém. Ac. Imp. St. Pétersbow'g.—Mémoires de Académie Impériale des
Sciences de St. Pétershourg. St. Petersburg.
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de Belgique. 4to. Lrussels.
Mém. d. Muséum.—Mémoires du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle 4 Paris,
Ato. Paris.
eee
ABBREVIATIONS. XX1xX
Mém. de UV Institut—Mémoires de l'Institut de France: Académie des
Sciences. Faris.
Mem. Geol. Surv. Eng.—Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great
Britain. 8vo and 4to. London.
Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.—Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Cal-
cutta. (Paleontologia Indica. 4to.)
Monatsb. k. preuss. Ak. Wiss.—Monatsberichte der k6niglich-preussischen
Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Berlin.
Nature.—Nature, a weekly illustrated Journal of Science. 4to. London.
Neues Jahrb.—Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geologie und Palionto-
logie. Stuttgart.
Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car.—Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academize
Czesareze Leopoldino-Caroline Germanice Nature-Curio-
sorum. Dresden.
Nov. Comm. Petrop—Novi Commentarii Academize Scientiarium Impe-
rialis Petropolitana. 4to. S¢. Petersburg.
Paleontographica.—Paleontographica. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der
‘Vorwelt. Ato. Cassel.
Paleontologia Indica.—See Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.
Pal. Soc.—Paleontographical Society (Monographs of). 4to. London.
Phil. Trans.—Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Ato. London.
Proc, Geol. Soc. W. Riding Yorksh.—Proceedings of the Geological and
Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yorkshire. Leeds.
ee. R. Dublin Soc.—Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society.
Dublin.
Proc. R. Irish Ac.—Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Dublin.
Proc. Zool, Soc.—Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological
Society of London. London.
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.—The Quarterly Journal of the Geological So-
ciety of London. London.
Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind.—Records of the Geological Survey of India.
Calcutta.
Rep. Brit. Assoc.—Report of the British Association for the Advancement
of Science. London.
Report U.S. Geogr. Surv. W. of 100th Meridian.—Report upon United-
States Geographical Surveys West of the One-Hundredth
Meridian. 4to. Washington.
Revue Encyclopédique-—Revue Encyclopédique &e., &e. (Julien), Paris,
Xxx ABBREVIATIONS.
Trans. Geol. Soc.—Transactions of the Geological Society of London.
Ato. London.
Trans, Linn. Soc.—Transactions of the Linnean Society. 4to. London.
Trans. Zool. Soc.—Transactions of the Zoological Society of London.
4to. London. |
Zeitschr, deutsch. geol. Ges.— Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen
Gesellschaft. Berlin.
Note.——The abbreviations of separate works are readily recognizable,
and do not require explanation. Memoirs that appeared in serials are
always quoted from such serials, with one or two exceptions, like Pomel’s
“Catalogue Méthodique’? (Paris, 1853) and H. von Meyer’s ‘ Die fossile
Zahne und Knochen von Georgensmund’ (Stuttgart, 1834), which ori-
ginally appeared in serials but are better known as separate volumes. »
1 The first part of this Catalogue appeared in its original form in 1852, in
the ‘Ann. Sci. Auvergne’ ( Clermont-Ferrand).
CORRIGENDA.
Page 67. In the description of Nos. 40827 a, and 40827 b, transpose
the words right and left.
Page 74, For No. 15436 read 15434.
CATALOGUE
OF
FOSSIL MAMMALIA.
Clas MAMMALIA.
Subclass HUTHERIA.
Order PRIMATES.
Suborder ANTHROPOIDEA.
Family SIMIIDA.
ree Pee a 2 3
Dentition :—I. 5, C. 5, Pm. 5, M. 5.
Genus DRYOPITHECUS, Lartet’.
Dryopithecus fontani, Lartet’.
Hab. Europe.
40340. Cast of two portions of the mandible. The original was
obtained from the Middle Miocene of St. Gaudens (Haute-
Garonne), France, and is preserved in the Paris Museum.
It is figured by Lartet in the memoir cited, and also by
Gervais in the second edition of the ‘ Zoologie et Paléon-
tologie Frangaises,’ p.8. The specimen probably belonged
to a female, and is “of the same size as the existing
Chimpanzee, though in dental characters more resembling
the Gorilla.” Purchased, 1867.
1 Comptes Rendus, vol. xliii. p. 219 (1856). 2 Loe. cit.
” B
26491.
Syn.
Syn.
PRIMATES.
Cast of the right femur. The original (which is said to be
lost) was obtained from the Upper Miocene of Eppelsheim,
Hesse-Darmstadt, and is figured by Kaup in the ‘ Beitriige,’
pt. 5, pl. i. figs. 3, 3.a (1861). Purchased, 1851.
Genus HYLOBATES, Llliger’.
Phopithecus, P. Gervais?.
Eylobates antiquus (Blainville’).
Pithecus antiquus, Blainyille’.
Phopithecus antiquus, P. Gervais®.
Phopithecus platyodon, Biedermann.
Hab. 8. Europe.
29614. Cast of the greater portion of the mandible. The original
is from the Middle Miocene of Sansan (Gers), France, and
is preserved in the Paris Museum. It is figured by Gervais
in the second edition of the Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, p. 9.
Riitimeyer refers the species to Hylobates.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
Family CERCOPITHECID A.
Dentition.—The dental formula is the same as in the Sumude.
The cusps on the molars are, however, more strongly developed, and
form ridges running directly across the crown.
Genus SEMNOPITHECUS, F. Cuvier *.
Semnopithecus palzindicus, Ly
Hab. India.
15710. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, contaiming
(L719)
the last premolar and the three true molars, in an early
condition of wear; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills,
India. This specimen is described by Falconer and Cautley —
in the ‘Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,’ vol. vi.
p. 304, and is figured in ‘Falconer’s Paleontological
Memoirs,’ vol.i. pl. xxiv. figs. 5, 6. The teeth correspond
1 Prodromus Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 67 (1811).
* Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, Ist ed. p. 5 (1848-52).
® Ostéographie, Genus Pithecus, p, 57 (1841).
4 Loe. cit. ° Loe. cit.
6 Hist. Nat. d. Mammiféres (1821) (Semno-pithéeque).
7 Paleontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. iii. p. 123 (1884).
CERCOPITHECID®. 3
precisely in size and form’ with those of Semnopithecus
entellus, but the depth of the ramus is considerably less.
The resemblance is so close that there is every probability
that the fossil belongs to the same genus; and as it can-
not be identified with any living form, it has received the
name of S. palewdicus.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
15711. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
(fig.) last true molar, in an unworn condition ; from the Plio-
cene of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen is described by
Falconer and Cautley in the memoir cited above, and is
represented in figs. 7, 8 of the above-mentioned plate of
‘Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs.’ It is regarded by
its describers as belonging to the same species as the last
specimen, with which it agrees in size. There is a slight
difference in the form of the talon of the last molar, but
it is quite probable that this may be merely an individual
variety. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
M. 1539. Cast of the right astragalus. The original was obtained
from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, and is preserved
in the Museum of the Geological Society. It is described
and figured by Falconer and Cautley in the Trans. Geol.
Soc. ser. 2, vol. v. p. 499; and differs very slightly from
the corresponding bone of Semnopithecus eniellus, whence
itis highly probable that it may belong to the same species
as the two mandibles noticed above. Made by permission
of the Council of the Geological Society.
Semnopithecus monspessulanus, P. Gervais’.
Hab. France.
M. 1893. Five casts of detached teeth. The originals are from the
Lower Pliocene of Montpellier (Hérault), France ; and are
described and figured: by P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal.
Frangaises, 2nd ed. p. 19, pl. 1. figs. 7-11.
Presented by Sir R. Owen, K.C.B., 1884.
1 Falconer and Cautley stated that there is a difference in the form of the
last molar; but many specimens of S. endel/ws exhibit the same character. In
consequence of this supposed difference they were disposed to refer the spe-
cimen to Macacus (Pithecus). It may be observed that a species of that genus
allied to M. rhesus has been described from the Siwaliks by the present writer
(Ree. Geol. Surv. Ind. vol. xi. p. 66, xii. p. 41) under the name of M. sivalensis.
2 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, lst ed. vol. i. p. 6 (1848-52).
B2
PRIMATES.
Genus MACACUS, Cuv. and Geoffroy’.
Syn. Inuus, Geoffroy 2.
Macacus pliocenus, Owen’.
_ Hab. England.
M. 1892. Fragment of the right maxilla, with the penultimate true
Fig.)
molar, in a partially worn condition ; from the Pleistocene
of Grays, Essex. This specimen is the type of the species,
and is figured by Owen in the passage cited. It appears
extremely doubtful whether the specimen is sufficient for
the determination even of the genus to which it belonged ;
and it is highly probable that it may be specifically iden-
tical with one of the existing African species of Macacus
or Cercocebus*. Presented by Sir R. Owen, K.C.B., 1384.
Genus CYNOCEPHALUS, Lacépéde’.
Syn. Papio, Erxleben®.
Cynocephalus subhimalayanus, H. v. Meyer’.
Syn. Semnopithecus subhimalayanus, H. v. Meyer’.
Hab. India.
31157. The greater portion of the right maxilla and premazxilla,
(Fig)
showing the root of the zygomatic arch and the inferior
border of the orbit, and containing the whole of the five
teeth of the cheek-series and the broken base of the
canine; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India.
This specimen is described and figured by Baker and
Durand in the ‘ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,’
1 Magasin Encyclopédique, 1795 (¢este Geoffroy), Macaque.
2 Ann. d. Muséum, vol. xix. p. 97 (1812).
3 British Fossil Mammals and Birds, p. xlvi (1846).
4 Assuming the correctness of the ordinal determination of this specimen (of
which there seems no reasonable doubt), it disproves the statement made by
Prof. Boyd Dawkins in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p. 394 (1880),
that ‘‘the family of Apes passed away from among the European fauna” with
the extinction of Macacus florentinus of the Upper Pliocene.
(1801).
5 “Nouvelle Table Méthodique ” (1799), in Mém. d. l'Institut, vol. iii. p. 490
6 Syst. Reg. Animal, p. 15 (1777).
7 In Bronn’s ‘ Index Palzontologicus,’ p. 1133 (1848), Semnopithecus.
8 Loc. cit.
:
_
ae? Se eee ee SS
ee oe
ae.
| > 7
CERCOPITHECID &. 5
vol. v. p. 739 (1836), but the genus was not determined.
It is figured in ‘ Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs,’ vol. i.
pl. xxiv. figs. 1, 2; and has been referred by H. von Meyer,
in the passage cited, to Semnopithecus, with the specific
name subhimalayanus. This generic reference has been
till lately provisionally adopted by the present writer’.
The small size of the canine shows that the specimen
belongs to a female individual, while the horizontal fiat-
tening of the infraorbital portion of the maxilla, the nearly
horizontal and elongated inferior border of the orbit, the
forward position of the cheek-teeth relatively to the orbit,
and the general “ prognathism,” conclusively show that
it belongs to a species of Cynocephalus*. This identifica-
tion is confirmed by the character of the molars, which
are of relatively large size, and have their inner cusps, or
columns, expanded antero-posteriorly, so as to partially
block the median transverse valleys’: in both these respects
these teeth differ from the molars of Semnopithecus, Cer-
‘copithecus, Macacus, &c. The writer has been unable to
compare the specimen with female skulls of all the species
of the genus. The general contour is not unlike that of
Cynocephalus babouin; but the lateral surface of the
maxilla is convex instead of concave; and the teeth are
of considerably larger size. In respect of the form of the
maxilla, the female of C. anwbis comes nearer to the fossil.
The space occupied by the five cheek-teeth is the same as
in a full-sized male of C. porcarius, but the true molars
of the fossil are considerably wider. The males of the
fossil species were probably considerably larger than any
of the existing species. In the absence of a complete
series of female skulls of the various existing species, the
affinities of the fossil cannot be further indicated*.
Presented by Generals Sir W. E. Baker, K.C.B.,
and Sir H. M. Durand, K.C.B., 1848.
- The specimen is 3 cofekrod to Cynocephalus in the ‘ Palezontologia ex
ser. 10, vol. iii. p. 123 (1884).
2 The latter features are shown in the figures; the perforation in the lateral
wall of the maxilla is accidental.
3 Well shown in the figures.
* Tt may be observed that the maxilla of a large Siwalik ape has been de-
scribed and figured by the writer (Rec. Geol. Sury. Iad. vol. xii. p. 33) under
the name of Paleopithecus sivalensis; the molars of this species are, however,
like those of the living Anthropoid apes,
PRIMATES,
Cynocephalus, sp.
Hab. India.
15709. The greater portion of the mandible of a species of the
(Fig.)
present genus, showing the three true molars of the right
side (in a much-worn condition), the broken bases of some
of the premolars and two incisors. This specimen is
described by Falconer and Cautley in the ‘Journal of the
Asiatic Society of Bengal,’ vol. vi. p. 354 (1837), and is
figured in ‘ Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs,’ vol. i.
pl. xxiv. figs. 3,4. It was originally compared with the
mandible of Semnopithecus entellus, and shown to be of
much larger size, with a relatively narrower symphysis, and
was considered too small to belong to the same species as
the large maxilla described above.
In general form the specimen corresponds so closely
with the mandible of Cynocephalus that it may be safely
referred to that genus. The canine is unfortunately
wanting, but the protuberance of the jaw at the point
where this tooth should be, the form of pm. 3, and the
generally elongated form of the jaw, seem to indicate that
the specimen probably belonged to a male. The length of
the three true molars is the same as in a female jaw
of C. babouwin; and the form of the teeth is precisely
the same in the two, the last molar having a very short
talon. ‘The teeth are considerably smaller than those of
a male C. porcarius, in which the talon of m. 31s much
longer. The size of the present specimen indicates that
it probably belongs to a second Siwalik species of Cyno-
cephalus, smaller than C. subhimalayanus. The occurrence
of this African genus in the Siwaliks of India is a well-
marked instance of the former unity of the faunas of these
two countries. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Genus non det.
Hab. India. .
17135. The premaxille of a species of Monkey, containing the in-
cisors, in amuch-worn condition ; from the Pliocene of the
Siwalik Hills, India. In size this specimen agrees nearly
with Semnopithecus entellus ; but the inferior border of the
nasal aperture is much wider than in that genus or Macacus,
being more like that of some of the higher Primates. .The
specimen is apparently too small for Palewopithecus or
Cynocephalus. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
CEBIDZ. 7
Genus MESOPITHECUS, Wagner’.
Mesopithecus pentelici, Wagner’.
- Syn. Mesopithecus major, Roth and Wagner?.
Semnopithecus pentelici, Gaudry and Lartet’*.
Hab. 8. Europe.
49671. Cast of the cranium, much crushed and wanting the pre-
maxille, The original is from the Lower Pliocene of
Pikermi, Attica, and is preserved in the Museum at
Munich. Itis figured by Wagner in the Abh. math.-phys.
Cl. k.-bay. Ak. Wiss. vol. viii. pl. ii. fig. 2.
Purchased, 1879.
49672. Cast of the cranium of a small individual. The original is
from the Lower Pliocene of Pikermi, and is preserved in
the Museum at Munich. It is figured by Wagner (op. cit.
fig. 1). Purchased, 1879.
49672 a. Cast of the mandible of an adolescent individual. The
. original is from the Lower Pliocene of Pikermi, and is
preserved in the Museum at Munich. Purchased, 1879.
49719. Fragment of the premaxille and the right maxilla, showing
the anterior teeth, and another of the left ramus of the
mandible, showing the last two molars, in a well-worn
condition ; from the Lower Pliocene of Pikermi.
; Purchased, 1879.
Family CEBIDZ.
oe 2 1 3 3
Dentition :—1. 3 C. 7 Pm. 3 M. 3
Genus CEBUS, Erxleben’.
Cebus apella (Linn.*).
Syn. Sima apelia, Linn.
Cebus macrocephalus, Spix (teste Gray).
? Cebus macrognathus, Lund.
Hab. Brazil.
+ Gelehrte Anzeigen, vol. viii. no. 38, p. 310 (1839).
2 Loc. cit. The name was originally given pentelicus, but was amended by
Gaudry.
3 Abh. math.-phys. Cl. k.-bay. Ak. Wiss. vol. vii. pl. i. (1854).
* Comptes Rendus, vol. xliii. (1856).
‘ > Syst. Reg. An. p. 44 (1777). ° Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 42 (1776).
8 PRIMATES,
18870. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible,
showing the first and second true molars and the alveoli
of the other cheek-teeth; from a cavern in Minas Geraes,
Brazil. This specimen agrees exactly with the mandible
of the form known as C. macrocephalus, which is included
by Gray in C. apella. This species is not mentioned by
H. Gervais and Ameghino in ‘ Les Mammiféres Fossiles de
VAmérique de Sud’ (Paris, 1880); but it is not improbable
that the so-called C. macrognathus, Lund (G. & A. op. cit.
p. 7), 1s really the same.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845-8.
Genus MYCETES, Illiger’.
Dentition.—The crowns of the molars have a structure not un-
like those of certain Selenodont Artiodactyla like Anthracotherium ;
a similar structure prevailing in many Lemuroids.
filpcetes urstnugs (Geoffroy ”).
Syn. Stentor ursinus, Geoff.*
Hab. Brazil.
18866. The cranium (wanting the zygomatic arches and some of
the anterior teeth) and the greater part of the mandible ;
from a cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil. No species of
this genus is mentioned from the Brazilian caverns by
Gervais and Ameghino (op. cit.).
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845-8.
Suborder LEMUROIDEA.
Family LEMURIDA.
Subfamily ADAPISINA.
Genus ADAPIS, Cuvier’.
Syn. Aphelotherium Gervais’.
(?) Cenopithecus, Rutimeyer®.
Paleolemur, Delfortrie’.
1 Prodromus Syst. Mam. et Av. p. 70 (1811).
2 Ann. d. Muséum, vol. xix. p. 108 (1812). 3 Loe. Cit.
4 Ogsemens Fossiles, 2nd ed. vol. iii. p. 265 (1822).
5 Zool. et Pal. Francgaises, Ist ed. vol. ii., Explanation no. 34 (1848-52),
6 Denkschr. schw. nat. Ges. vol. xix. art. 3, p. 88 (1862).
7 Comptes Rendus, vol. lxxvii. p. 64 (1878).
LEMURIDZ. 9
Dentition :—I. =, C. +, Pm. 4, M.
This and the next genus are referred by Filhol, in the Ann. Sci.
Géol. vol. v. art. 4, pp. 1-36 (1874), to a separate group, under the
name of “ Pachylémuriens.”’ Adapisis referred, however, by Flower
to the family Lemuride and the subfamily Lorisine. Itis, however,
distinguished from the latter by the presence of an additional pre-
molar. The two fossil genera are here provisionally referred to a
distinct subfamily.
wil w
;
Adapis parisiensis, Cuvier’.
Syn. Aphelotherium duvernoyt, Gervais”.
Pale@olemur betillet, Delfortrie’.
Adapis duvernoyt, Gaudry *.
Hab. §. Europe.
M. 1345. The nearly complete cranium, wanting the premaxille
and nasals, and pm.1 of either side; from the Upper
Kocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France.
Purchased, 1884.
44892. Cast of the cranium. The original is from the Upper
Kocene of Beduer (Lot), France; and is described and
figured by Delfortrie in the Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,
wor xxix. pie Ll. pl. v.. (18/3).
Presented by M. Delfortrie, 1874.
M. 1633. Cranium, with the hinder portion of the right ramus of
the mandible attached; from the Upper Eocene of Bach,
near Lalbenque (Lot), France. This specimen, although
somewhat obscured by matrix, is valuable, as it shows the
enormously developed coronoid process of the mandible,
as in the perfect specimen figured by Filhol in the Ann.
Sei. Géol. vol. xiv. pl. x. fig. 4. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1634. The mandible, imperfect posteriorly, and wanting the
incisors, canines, and first premolars; from the Upper
Kocene of Bach. This specimen is precisely similar to one
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vill. pl. v.
fig. 229. Purchased, 1884.
1 Ossemens Fossiles, 2nd ed. vol. iii. p. 265 (1822).
2 Loe. eit. (1848-52). 3 Loe. cit. (1873).
* Les Enchainements, Mam. Tert. p. 224 (1878). Gaudry identifies 4. pari-
stensis with A. magna, Filhol; but Filhol (Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. xiv. art. 5) does
not accept this. Cope was inclined to identify Notharctus, Leidy, with Adapis ;
but this is not accepted by Filhol.
10 PRIMATES.
M. 1721. Five imperfect rami of the mandible; from the Upper
Kocene of Bach. Purchased, 1884.
Var. crassus, Filhol'.
M.1721a. Portion of the right ramus of the mandible; from the
Upper Eocene of Bach. This specimen agrees very closely
~ -with the specimen figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. xiv. pl. xi. figs. 11, 12. Purchased, 1884,
Genus NECROLEMUR, Filhol’.
Ne 2 1 3 3
Denitation :—I. 5, C. 5, Pm. 5, M. ¢.
Necrolemur antiquus, Filhol’.
Hab. France.
M. 1647. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
three true molars, the third and fourth premolars, and the
alveolus of pm.2; from the Upper Eocene of Bach, near
Lalbenque (Lot), France. This specimen appears to agree
precisely with the mandible of the specimen figured by
Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. viii. pl. iv. fig. 213.
Purchased, 1884.
M. 1648. Fragments of the mandible; from the Upper Eocene of
Bach. Purchased, 1884.
Wecrolemur edwardsi, Filhol’.
Hab. France.
M. 1649. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
first and second true molars ; from the Upper Eocene of
Bach. This specimen agrees exactly with the mandible
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. xiv. pl. xi.
fig. 4, Purchased, 1884.
1 Ann. Sci. Géol, vol. xiv. art. 5, p. 34 (1888).
> Comptes Rendus, vol. lxxvii. p. 1112 (1873). Cope considered this genus
the same as Anaptomorphus; but this is denied by Filhol (Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. xiv.
art. 5, p. 3).
§ Loe. cit.
* Comptes Rendus, vol. xe. p. 1580 (1880).
C=,
CHIROPTERA. 11
Order CHIROPTERA.
Suborder MICROCHIROPTERA.
Family RHINOLOPHIDA.
Genus RHINOLOPHUS, Geoffroy’.
Dentition :—I. 3, C. ;, Pm. 3, M. 3.
Mhinolophus ferrum-equinum (Schreb.°).
Syn. Vespertilo ferrum-equinum, Schreb.?
Hab. Europe, Asia, and Africa.
15082-92. Fragments of the cranium and mandible; from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern, Torquay. These specimens are mentioned
by Owen in the ‘ History of British Fossil Mammals and
Birds,’ p. 16. McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
Rhinolophus antiquus, Filhol’.
Hab. France.
M. 1346. Palatal portion of the cranium, showing the cheek-dentition
of both sides; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-
et-Garonne), France. A figure of the upper dentition is
given by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vil. pl. x1.
fig. 2; but in that specimen the minute pm. 3 is not
shown. This tooth is present in the British-Museum spe-
cimen, and is wedged in between the canine and pm. 4,
which are almost in contact. In this respect, therefore,
the species agrees with the A. ferrwm-equinum section
of the genus’; but it will be shown to differ in the denti-
tion of the lower jaw. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1640. Cranium, with the mandible attached ; from the Upper
Kocene of Caylux. This specimen is much obscured by
matrix; and the minute pm. 3 is not visible.
Purchased, 1884.
Desm. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. vol. xix. p. 383 (1803).
Saugeth. vol. i. p. 174 (1775), Vespertilio.
Loe. eit.
4 Comptes Rendus, vol. lxv. p. 94 (1872).
5 Vide Dobson, ‘Catalogue of Chiroptera in the British Museum,’ pp. 101,
104 (1878).
w to -
12
M. 1637.
M. 1638.
M. 1639.
M. 1635.
M. 1636.
CHIROPTERA.
Three specimens of the right maxilla; from the Upper
Kocene of Caylux. The two complete specimens show the
minute pm. 3, Purchased, 1884.
Two specimens of the maxilla; from the Upper Kocene of
Caylux. ‘These specimens are rather smaller than any of
the others; but as the dentition is precisely similar, it is
not improbable that the difference in size is merely an
individual or sexual character. Purchased, 1884.
The hinder portion of the cranium; from the Upper
Kocene of Caylux. This specimen agrees precisely with
the smaller crania figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Geol.
vol. vil. pl. x. Purchased, 1884.
Two specimens of the right ramus of the mandible ; from the
Upper Eocene of Caylux. One specimen shows the three
true molars, the alveoli of three premolars, the alveolus of
the canine, and the two incisive alveoli. The other speci-
men shows the three true molars and the three premolars.
The penultimate premolar is in contact with the two teeth
on either side, and is placed in the tooth-row. In this
respect the species differs from the &. ferrum-equinum
section, and agrees with the 2. calophyllus section’ ; which
is precisely contrary to the condition prevailing in the
upper dentition. “This is one more of the many instances
where the fossil forms do not agree with the subdivisions
in which the recent forms are arranged. These specimens
agree precisely with an enlarged figure of the mandible, in
which the anterior teeth are wanting, given by Filhol
in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vil. pl. xi. fig. 4.
Purchased, 1884.
Eleven specimens of the mandible, more or less complete ;
from the Upper Eocene of Caylux. Purchased, 1884.
Genus PHYLLORHINA, Leach’.
Dentition :—I. 3, C. 7, Pm. >”, M. 3.
2
The genus is confined at the present day to the tropical regions of
the Old World and Australia.
1
Vide Dobson, op. cit.
2 Syst. Cat. Indig, Mamm. and Birds Brit, Mus. p. 5 (1816).
VESPERTILIONIDZ. 13
Phyllorhina (?), sp.
flab. France.
M. 1641. Cranium, with the mandible attached, and two specimens of
the left ramus of the mandible ; from the Upper Eocene of
Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. The dentition is that
of Phyllorhina (there being only two premolars in the
mandible); and the specimens are practically indistin-
guishable from the skull of the existing Australian Phyl-
lorhina cervina; and it is therefore most probable that
they belong to the same genus. The occurrence of that
genus in the Lower Tertiaries of Europe is quite what
might have been expected. It may be added that Paleo-
nycteris robustus, from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-
le-Puy*, and Vespertilio murinoides”, from Sansan, are
distinguished by the presence of three lower premolars.
Purchased, 1884.
M. 1642. Numerous rami of the mandible; from the Upper Eocene
of Caylux. Purchased, 1884.
Family VESPERTILIONID®.
Genus VESPERTILIO, Linn.’
a ee 3 3
Dentation :—I. 5, C. 5, Pm. 5, M. 5.
It is probable that for paleontological purposes this generic term
must be employed in a wider sense than in recent zoology, although
it may be restricted to forms having the above-mentioned dental
formula‘.
1 Vide Filhol, Ann, Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 4, pl. i. (1879).
2 Vide infra.
3 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 46 (1766).
4 In the so-called Vespertilio bourgquignati, Filhol (Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii.
art. 7, p. 45, pl. xi. figs. 5,8 [1876]), the second and third upper premolars are
well developed, and the third is larger than the second; in the mandible the
third premolar is minute. This species does not therefore agree with Vesper-
tilio, as defined by Dobson (op. cit. p, 284), in which the second and third upper
premolars (first and second of Dobson) are very small, and the third always
smaller than the second; the lower dentition is not dissimilar. In respect of
the upper premolars the fossil agrees with the South-American genera Natalus
and Thyroptera (Dobson, op. cit. pp. 841, 345); but in those genera pm.3 is a
large tooth.
14 ENSECTIVORA.
Vespertilio murinoides, Lartet’.
Hab. France.
33265. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
last premolar and the first and second true molars, as well
as the alveoli of pm. Z and pm. 3 and of the canines; from
the Middle Miocene of Sansan (Gers), France. This spe-
cimen seems to agree with the enlarged figures given by
Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Francaises, 2nd ed. pl. xliv.
figs. 5-7. Judging from the size of its alveolus, it appears
that pm. 3 was relatively large; and it is therefore doubt-
ful whether the species belongs to the genus in the sense
in which it is employed in recent zoology.
Presented by M. Ed. Lartet, 1858.
33265 a. Distal half of the femur; from the Miocene of Sansan.
Presented by M. Kd. Lartet, 1858.
Vespertilio insignis, H. von Meyer’.
Hab. Kurope.
95452. The greater part of the humerus; from the Lower Mio-
cene of Mayence. The specific distinctness of this form is
very doubtful, as it was mainly named from the humerus ;
there is equal doubt as to the correctness of the generic
determination. Purchased, 1850.
Order INSECTIVORA.
It has been deemed advisable to follow the arrangement adopted
in the Zoological Department of the Museum, and to place this order
and the Chiroptera between the Primates and the Carnivora. The
writer would, however, have preferred placing the present order after
the Carnivora, in proximity to the Carnivora Primigenia, which
would then have been placed after the existing Carnivora. As will
be noticed below, it is highly probable that the present order should
be regarded as a suborder of Carnivora.
Notice sur la Colline de Sansan, p. 12 (1851).
2 Neues Jahrb. 1845, p. 798.
S
v pee
*
TALPID A, 15
Suborder INSECTIVORA VERA.
Family TALPID AL.
Subfamily TaLpina.
Genus TALPA, Linn.’
Cneluding Geotrypus and Hyporyssus, Pomel.*)
ae : 3 1 4 3
Dentition —— 3? C. 1? Pm. 4? M. Be
Calpa europea, Linn.”
Hab. Europe.
17645-52. Fragments of the mandible, and several bones of the axial
and appendicular skeleton ; from the Forest-bed of Ostend,
near Bacton, Norfolk. Green Collection. Purchased, 1843.
Talpa telluris (Pomel’).
Syn. Hyporyssus telluris, Pomel’.
Talpa sansamensis, Lartet®.
Hab, France.
21849. The greater portion of the humerus ; from the Middle Mio-
cene of Sansan. This specimen agrees with the one from
the same locality figured by De Blainville (‘ Ostéographie,’
Insectivores, pl. xi.), which is referred by P. Gervais to
T.. telluris. Crowet Collection. Purchased, 1848-9.
Talpa, sp. non. det.
Hab. Kurope.
48196. Two humeri; from the Middle Miocene of Steinheim,
Bavaria. Purchased, 1877.
21849 a. Humerus ; from the Lower Miocene of Allier, France.
‘Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848-9.
M. 413. Several specimens of the humerus; from the Upper Eocene
of Caylux, France.
These bones are more elongated than
in typical forms.
Purchased, 1884.
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 73 (1766).
? Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. vol. ix. pp. 159-161 (1848).
3 Loe. cit. _* Op. cit. p. 161.
5 Ibid. * Notice sur la Colline de Sansan, p. 14 (1851).
16 INSECTIVORA.
Subfamily MyocaLina.
Genus MYOGALE, Cuvier".
Syn. Paleospalax, Owen.
Desman, Lacépéde.
“1° Ba, ot A 3
Denitrtion :—I. 5, C. > Em. 7 ML...
fElpogale mogchata (Linn.’).
Syn. Castor moschatus, Linn.*
Mygale muscovitica, Geoffroy.
Paleospalax magnus, Owen’.
Talpa magna, Pomel®,
Hab. Kurope.
16120. Portion of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
(fig.) three true molars and the last three premolars; from the
Forest-bed of Ostend, near Bacton, Norfolk. This spe-
cimen is described and figured by Owen in the ‘ British
Fossil Mammalia and Birds,’ pp. 25, 26, figs. 12, 13, under
the name of Palwospalax magnus, of which it is the type.
For the authority for the present generic reference, see
Newton, Geol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. viii. p. 256 (1881).
Green Collection. Purchased, 18438.
Family SORICIDA.
Genus SOREX, Linn."
Dentition:—I. @, C.3, Pm. ©, M. 2
Sorex (?), sp. non det.
28079. Fragments of the mandible; from the Pleistocene of Grays,
Essex. Presented by J. Broun, Hsq., 1852,
31059-60. Fragments of the mandible and humerus ; from the Lower
Miocene of Allier, France. .
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852,
' Tab. de Classification, appended to ‘Legons d’Anat. Comp.’ vol. i. (1800)
(Mygale).
* Brit. Foss. Mamm. and Birds, p. 25 (1846).
5 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 79 (1766), Caszor.
4 Loc. cit. 5 Op. cit.
6 Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. vol. ix. p. 160 (1848).
7 Syst. Nat. ed, 12, vol. i. p. 73 (1766).
ERINACEID A. t7
Genus CROSSOPUS, Wazgler’.
Dentition.—Teeth nearly the same in number as in Sorex, but
different in colour.
Crossopus foviens (Pallas’).
Syn. Sorex fodiens, Pallas.
Hab. Kurope.
15949, 17653 a. Three portions of the mandible; from the Forest-
(Fig.) bed of Ostend, near Bacton, Norfolk. One of these speci-
mens is figured in Owen’s ‘ British Fossil Mammals and
Birds,’ p. 28, fig. 14. Green Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Crossopus remtfer (Geoffroy *).
Syn. Sorex remifer, Geoffr.+
Hab. Europe.
15949 a, 17653. Two rami of the mandible; from the Forest-bed of
(fig.) Ostend, near Bacton, Norfolk. One of these specimens
is figured by Owen in the figure cited. Newton (Geol.
Mag. dec. 2, vol. vil. p. 259) expresses some doubt as to
the correctness of the specific determination of the present
specimens, as well as those referred to the preceding
species. Green Collection. Purchased, 1848.
en
Family ERINACEIDA.
Genus ERINACEUS, Linn.’
Bo. Sot ae 3 3
Dentition :—I. 5, C. ;, Pm. 5, M. 5.
Erinaceus arvernensis, P. Gervais® (non Blainv.).
Hab. Europe.
History.—The name &. arvernensis was assigned by De Blainville
(‘ Ostéographie,’ Insectivores, p. 102, pl. xi.) to certain remains from
France, which were said by Croizet to exhibit affinities with Tupaia.
Subsequently Gervais, in the passage cited, figured certain remains
from Auvergne (noticed below) under the same name. Still later
1 Tsis, 1832, p. 275.
2 In Schreber’s ‘ Saugethiere,’ vol. iii. p. 571 (1778), Sorex.
3 Ann. d. Mus. vol. xvii. p. 182 (1811), Sores. 4 Loe. cit.
5 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 75 (1766).
8 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. p. 53, figs. 10, 11 (1859).
‘al
U
18 INSECTIVORA.
Fraas (‘ Fauna von Steinheim,’ p. 4) referred Blainville’s specimens
to another genus, under the name of Parasorex socialis. It appears,
from a comparison of Gervais’s specimens with De Blainville’s figures,
that the two belong to different genera, the former being really an
Erinaceus. Under these circumstances it appears, on the whole,
advisable to apply the name arvernensis to the Hrinaceus, and to take
another specific name for De Blainville’s specimens, which are
referred below to Plescosorew.
27825. The nearly complete left ramus of the mandible, showing
(fig.) all the teeth; from the Lower Miocene of Cournon (Puy-
de-Dome), France. This specimen is the type, dnd shows
all the teeth, which agree precisely with those of Hrma-
ceus, especially in the small size of the last true molar and
of the three teeth in front of pm, 4; it is figured by Gervais
in the Zool. et Pal. Francaises, 2nd ed. p. 53, fig. 11. In
size and form it is very like the mandible of some of the
smaller Asiatic species’.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27825 a. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the last
premolar and the first true molar ; from Lower Miocene
of Cournon. This specimen is figured by Gervais, op. cit.
fies. 10, 10a. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27825 b. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
broken bases of pm. 4 and m. 1; from the the Lower Miocene
of Cournon. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27825d. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the inner incisor and the last premolar ; from the Lower
Miocene of Cournon.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27825c. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
inner incisor, pm. 4, and m.1; from the Lower Miocene
of Cournon. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27814. Fragment of the right ramus of a mandible, without teeth,
which may belong to the present species ; from the Lower
Miocene of Sauvetat (Puy-de-Dome), France. c
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848,
1 H.g. EL. micropus, Blyth. Vide Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvii. pt. 2,
pl. Va (1878).
TUPATIDA, 19
Grnvs non det.
M. 1492. Two fragments of the symphysial extremity of the right
ramus of the mandible, and a fragment of the maxilla, of
an Insectivore apparently allied to Hrinaceus; from the
Upper Eocene of Caylux, France. The specimens are too
imperfect to admit of certain determination.
Purchased, 1884.
Family TUPAIID A.
Genus PLESIOSOREX, Pomel’.
Syn. Parasorex, H. von Meyer’.
Dentition:—I. £, C. 7, Pm. 7, M. &.
| Plesiosorex soricinoides (Blainville’).
Syn. Lrinaceus soricinordes, Blainville*.
Erinaceus arvernensis, Blainville* (non Gervais).
Plesioscrex talpoides, Pomel ®.
Parasorex socialis, H. yon Meyer’.
Hab. Kurope.
48197. Two fragments of the mandible; from the Middle Miocene
of Steinheim, Bavaria. A perfect cranium and mandible
are figured by O. Fraas, in the ‘ Fauna von Steinheim,’
pl. i. figs. 2-5, under the name of Parasorex socialis.
The species differs from the genus 7’upaia by the presence
of an additional premolar in both jaws, but is otherwise
closely allied, and it is not improbable that it should
really be referred to the same genus. Purchased, 1877.
? Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. vol. ix. p. 162 (1848).
2 Neues Jahrb. 1865, p. 844.
3 « Ostéographie,’ Jnsectivores, p. 100, pl. xi. (1842 ?), Hrinaceus.
4 Loe. cit. 5 Loc. et. p. 102.
6 Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. vol. ix. p. 162 (1848).
7 Neues Jahrb. 1865, p. 844.
20 CARNIVORA.
Order CARNIVORA.
Suborder CARNIVORA PRIMIGENLIA.
The present suborder includes the genera Hyanodon, Pterodon,
Oxyena, and probably Proviverra (Cynhycnodon, Filhol), together
with numerous other forms from the older Tertiaries of North
America and Europe. In his latest memoir on these animals, Cope’
includes the whole of them, together with the existing Insectivora,
in the suborder Creodonta of his order Bunotheria’, the latter being
a group of primitive mammals comprehending a number of types,
and being somewhat analogous to the subclass Metatheria (Marsu-
pialia). By Huxley’ it is considered probable that Hyenodon and
its allies occupy a position connecting the Carnivora with the
Insectivora ; and as Provwerra seems to connect them very closely
with some of the canoid Carnivora Vera, they are provisionally
placed in the former order, with the title of Carnivora Primigenia’*.
It is highly probable that the so-called Insectivora should really
- form another suborder (Carnivora Insectivora) of the Carnivora;
but as it seems best, as far as possible, to avoid interfering with the
arrangement adopted in recent Zoology, the order has been retained
for the present. One of the most distinctive points of the present
suborder is the small size of the brain, which in Proviverra is more
like that of an Insectivore than a Carnivore; while another is the
structure of the last three cheek-teeth, all of which assume a
sectorial character.
Family HY ANODONTIDA,
Cope’ includes in this family only the single genus Hycnodon,
referring the genera Oxyena, Pterodon, and others to the family
Oxyendce*; the relations between Hycnodon and Pterodon seem,
however, to be so intimate that 1t appears more advisable to include
them in a single family.
1 Amer. Nat. 1884, pp. 255, 344, 478.
2 In a former work (Rep. U.S. Geog. Surv. West of 100th Meridian, vol. iy.
pt. i. p. 89) Hyenodon, on account of its larger brain, was separated from the
Creodonta and referred to the Carnivora.
8 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 284.
4 The term “Creodonta” would be inappropriate if applied in this con-
junction.
5 Amer. Nat, 1884, p. 261. 6 Tid. p. 480.
HY ANODONTID&. Dit.
Genus HY ZENODON, Laizer and Parieu’.
Syn. Taxotherium, Blainville? (teste P. Gervais).
Eutemnodus, Bravard, MS.
Dentition :—I. 5, C. > Pn. a M. 2 Cope® gives the number of
cheek-teeth as Pm. x M. , reckoning the fourth upper tooth as a
‘molar instead ofa premolar. If, however, the crania of Hycenodon and
Pierodon, figured by Filhol in the Ann. Soe. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse,
1882, pls. i. & 11., be compared together, it will be pretty evident
that the fourth cheek-tooth in the two specimens is homologous ;
and it is quite clear that this tooth is a premolar in Pterodon.
Filhol, in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. art. 7, p. 211, remarks that
Hycnodon vulpinus differs from all the other species by the presence
of six in place of seven upper cheek-teeth ; but the present writer
has never seen any instance of the presence of m.3 in any species,
and it is certainly wanting in all the specimens figured by Filhol.
The genus is abundantly distributed in the Lower Tertiaries of
Europe and North America, and one species (or a closely allied
form) has been described from the Siwaliks of India (vide infra).
Hyzenodon heberti, Filhol’.
This is the largest European species of the genus. It has not
hitherto been recorded from Vaucluse.
Hab. France.
26749. The greater part of the right ramus of the mandible’, con-
taining the whole of the cheek-dentition and the canine ;
from the Upper Eocene of Débruge, near Apt (Vaucluse),
1 Comptes Rendus, vol. vii. p. 442 (1838).
2 ‘Ostéographie, Genus Subursus, p. 55 (1841). Taxotherium is identified
with Hyenodon on the authority of P. Gervais (Zool. et Pal. Frang. 2nd edit.
pp. 282-235) ; but it is very doubtful what Zaxotherium (Hyenodon) parisiense
really is. Gervais refers Pomel’s Pzerodon cuviert to it ; but that species seems
to be the same as Pterodon dasyuroides.
3 Amer, Nat. 1884, p. 345.
4 Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 6, vol. xi. pp. 16-21 (1874).
5 This and other specimens from Vaucluse have been hitherto labelled
H. requieni; but they are of much larger size, as will be shown below. Some
(e. g. No. 28203) are entered in Bravard’s MS. Catalogue as Hutemnodus eury-
rhynchus, Bravard. The same generic term has been employed by Bravard
(vide H. Gervais and Ameghino, ‘Les Mammiféres fossiles de l Amérique du
Sud,’ p. 21 [1880]) for a fossil Carnivore from the Pleistocene of 8. America,
which cannot now be identified. It would be very remarkable if Hyenodon
were found in those deposits.
Do? CARNIVORA.
France. This specimen agrees precisely with the type
mandible figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii.
pl. xxxii. fig. 160. The following are the dimensions of
the type and the present specimen, viz. :—
Type. No. 26749.
Leneth of pmo gyn ge ern. oe 0,017 0,016
Bere Mist GAINS Ao-ra rset ye rae ae 0,0175 0,0161
PO iC) Mage Se Mey mes ASES 0,009 0,010
cm capne Mlle i. weeps ope ee ego cee 0,014 0,0141
ae et Aa AUULS Ge se cckaysler eae cee eae eee 0,021 0,023
Space occupied by last five teeth .. 0,080 0,079
Interval between canine and hinder
MOT QCTAOL Moet y Soe pre keke oe 0,107
Depth of jaw atm. 1 ............ 0,043 0,040
The present specimen shows the first and second pre-
molars, which are wanting in the type; the crown of the
first premolar is very low, while that of the second is not
very high and is elongated antero-posteriorly. The canine,
of which the summit is broken off, is relatively short and
thick. There is but one mental foramen.
| Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28203. The cranium and mandible in a much-crushed condition ;
from the Upper Eocene of Débruge. This specimen is
important, as showing the association of the cranium and
mandible, although all the mandibular teeth are wanting,
except the canine and pm.2; the form of the mandible
agrees precisely with that of the last specimen. The last
upper premolar has a small anterior talon. The interval
between the canine and the hinder border of the last true
molar is 0,090, and the antero-posterior diameter of the
canine is 0,017. This specimen is the type of Bravard’s
Eutemnodus. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28172. The mandible, wanting the symphysis, and showing all the ~
cheek-teeth except pm.1; from the Upper Eocene of
Débruge. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
26756. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible, with
the teeth much worn; from the Upper Eocene of Vau-
cluse. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 18851.
M. 1673. The hinder portion of the cranium of a Hyaenodon, which,
from its large size, may probably be referred to the pre-
HY ZNODONTID &. 23
sent species; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-
Garonne), France. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1674. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
second and third true molars; from the Upper Eocene of
Caylux. This specimen seems to be precisely similar to
the type mandible figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. vil. pl. xxxui. fig. 160. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1675. Three canines, not improbably belonging to this species ;
from the Upper Eocene of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot),
France. Purchased, 1884.
28181. The left ramus of the mandible, with the teeth in a broken
and much-worn condition; from the Upper Eocene of
Deébruge. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
27180-6. Several incisor and premolar teeth; from the Upper
Eocene of Débruge. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28204. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing five
cheek-teeth ; from the Upper Kocene of Débruge.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
- 281'78-9. Two canines ; from the Upper Eocene of Débruge.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28206-9. Four canines ; from the Upper Eocene of Débruge.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28222. A canine; from the Upper Eocene of Débruge.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28174. The second left upper true molar, of unusually large size
and in an unworn condition ; from the Upper Eocene of
Vaucluse. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28205, 28227. A premolar and an upper true molar; from the
Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Hyznodon brachyrhynchus, Blainville’.
Syn. Pterodon brachyrhynchus, Pomel”.
Pterodon requent, P. Gervais’.
Hyenodon requient, P. Gervais‘.
1 «Ostéographie, Genus Canis, p. 113 (1842 ?).
2 Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2, vol. iv. p. 892 (1846).
8 Comptes Rendus, vol. xxii. p. 846 (1846).
4 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 1st ed. vol. i. p. 129 (1848-52).
24 CARNIVORA.
This species has been identified by Filhol, in the Ann. Soe. Sci.
Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, p. 12, with Hyenodon requient. The
name H. brachyrhynchus apparently has the priority’. This species
is of considerably smaller size than the last, and is readily distin-
guished by the crown of the second lower premolar being extremely
tall and narrow. ‘The last upper premolar has no distinct anterior
talon, and the crown of the second upper premolar is very tall and
narrow ; the first premolar is small.
Hab. France.
M.1668. Anterior portion of the cranium and mandible of an
immature individual; from the Upper Eocene of Bach,
near Lalbenque (Lot), France. This specimen is very
important and valuable, as it shows the cranium and
mandible in association, which is a comparatively rare
condition. It exhibits the upper incisors, the upper and
lower canines, most of the upper premolars, m. 3, and the
second and third lower premolars—the latter not fully
protruded. In the long and narrow pm. 2, and the absence
of a distinct anterior talon to pm. 4, this specimen agrees
with ‘the cranium figured by Filhol in the Ann. Soe. Sci.
Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, pl. i. It also agrees precisely
in every detail of shape and size with a more perfect
cranium figured by the same writer in a memoir not yet
published. The specimen shows that pm. 2 was a tall
narrow tooth, very different from that of A. heberti
(No. 26749). The interval between the canine and
m. 1 is 0,041, as compared with 0,051 in H. heberta
(No. 28203). Purchased, 1884.
M.1351. Fragment of the middle portion cf the cranium, com-
prising part of the palate, the frontals, and nasals, and
showing the last three premolars and the two true molars ;
from the Upper Eocene of Caylux, France. This spe-
cimen belonged to an immature individual; but, except in
being slightly smaller, it agrees precisely with the cranium
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse,
1882, pl. i. There is no anterior talon to pm. 4,
Purchased, 1884.
M. 1363. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the last two
molars; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux. This spe-
1 In the notice by Filhol, already cited, the impression is given that the
specific name brachyrhynchus was applied in the original notice by Dujardin
(Comptes Rendus, vol. x. p. 154 [1840]); but this is not really the case.
M. 1669.
HYANODONTIDA. DAS
cimen agrees exactly with the corresponding portion of
the last specimen. Purchased, 1884.
Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the three true molars, the last two premolars, and the
alveolus of the canine ; from the Upper Hocene of Caylux.
This specimen appears to agree very closely with the
mandible figured by P. Gervais in the ‘Zoologie et
Paléontologie Frangaises,’ 2nd ed. pl. xxiv. fig. 11. The
space occupied by the last five cheek-teeth is 0,057, and
the interval between the alveolus of the canine and the
hinder border of ™.3 is 0,070. Purchased, 1884.
Elyzenodon minor, P. Gervais’.
This species is larger than Hyanodon brachyrhynchus, from
which it
is distinguished by its relatively longer mandible, larger
canine, and smaller last lower true molar. The type specimen was
obtained from the Upper Hocene near Alais (Gard), France.
fiab, Kurope.
29752. The mandible of a very aged individual; from the Headon
beds (Upper Eocene) of Hordwell, Hampshire. The teeth
are very much worn, the crowns of most of the true molars
having completely disappeared ; the incisors and the first
premolar are wanting, and the crown of the left canine is
broken off. The specimen seems to agree precisely with
the type mandible figured by P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal.
Frangaises, 2nd ed. pl. xxv. fig. 9. It differs from the
mandible of H. brachyrhynchus by its more elongated
form, and is considerably larger than that of H. compressus,
Filhol*, although somewhat similar in form. It is on the
evidence of this specimen (which has been already noticed
by the present writer in the Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i.
p. 444) that the occurrence of Hycnodon in the Hamp-
shire basin’ is recorded in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.
vol. xxxix. p. 571. The interval between the canine and
the hinder border of m. 3 is 0,076.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855,
1 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, Ist ed. vol. i. p. 129 (1848-52).
2 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xxxiii. figs. 161-163.
3 The exact position of the bed from which this fossil was obtained is given
in the memoir cited. In the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p. 383, Boyd
Dawkins mentions the occurrence of Hyenodon leptorhynchus in the Headon
beds. This statement probably rests on a misidentification of the present
specimen.
26 CARNIVORA.
29814. The last right lower true molar ; from the Headon beds of
the Isle of Wight. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1850.
29807. A canine; from the Headon beds of the Isle of Wight.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
Hyzenodon leptorhynchus, Laizer and Parieu’.
Syn. Pterodon leptorhynchus, Pomel?.
In this species the last upper premolar has a well-marked anterior
talon, and the second upper premolar has a long and low crown.
Hab. France.
M. 1350. The nearly complete mandible, wanting the incisors and
the articular extremity of the left ramus; from the Upper
Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This
beautiful specimen, in which the teeth are but very
slightly worn, agrees very closely with the one figured by
P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Francaises, 2nd ed. pl. xxv.
fig. 10, but is slightly smaller, and the crowns of the two
middle premolars appear slightly higher.
Purchased, 1848.
27821. The imperfect mandible, showing the canine and all the
cheek-teeth of the right side except m.3; from the Lower
Miocene of Sauvetat (Puy-de-Dome), France. Slight dif-
ferences can be detected between the premolars of this and
the last specimen. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
M.1379. The last left lower true molar ; from the Upper Eocene of
Caylux. Purchased, 1848.
ahe8 27820. A premolar and the last molar of the lower jaw;
from the Lower Miocene of Sauvetat. These specimens
are provisionally referred to the present species ; they are
somewhat larger than the corresponding teeth of the fore-
going specimen, but they are not larger than those of a
specimen figured by Filhol in the Ann, Sci. Géol. vol. vii.
pl. xxix. fig. 148. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
M. 1670. Part of the right maxilla, containing the last premolar and
the two true molars; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux.
This specimen agrees precisely with the corresponding
1 Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, vol. xi. p. 27 (1839).
2 Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2, vol. iv. p. 892 (1846).
——
HY ENODONTID. re |
portion of the skull figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci.
Géol. vol. vii. pl. xxix. fig. 143, showing the distinct
anterior talon and the low crown of pm. 2, and differing
thereby from No. M.1351 (4. brachyrhynchus). It appears
that the present specimen cannot, however, be distinguished
from the corresponding portion of the skull of H. aymarde
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. xii. pl. vii.,
although that species is distinguished from 4. leptorhynchus
by the presence of a distinct anterior talon to the last lower
premolar. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1671. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
the last premolar and the three true molars; from the
Upper Eocene of Caylux. This specimen is precisely
similar to the corresponding portion of No. M.1350.
Purchased, 1884.
4 M.1672. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the last true molar; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux.
The tooth has the elongated form characteristic of this
species and H. cayluai; in the relatively greater depth of
the jaw the present specimen agrees more nearly with
fl, leptorhynchus than with H. cayluai. (Vide Filhol,
Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. art. 7, pp. 183, 206.) The
dimensions of the specimen are compared below with
those of the mandible of H. leptorhynchus described by
Filhol, viz. :—
Filhol. B.M.
Meneth of Gamassial .. 4.2... 2... 0,018 0,019
Height of first lobe of carnassial .. 0,010 0,010
3 second ,, FF ** 0,006 0,007
Depth of jaw at carnassial ...... 0,026 0,027
Purchased, 1884.
Hyzenodon dubius, Filhol’.
This’ species is about the size of H. brachyrhynchus; from which
it is at once distinguished by the much greater vertical depth of the
mandible.
Hab. France.
M. 1676. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the third and fourth true molars; from the Upper Eocene
* Aun. Sci. Géol. vol. iii. art. 7, p. 29 (1872).
28 CARNIVORA.
of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot), France. This specimen
is precisely similar to the one figured by Filhol in the
Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xxxv. figs. 182, 183, with
the exception that the depth of the mandible is still
greater in the present specimen, being 0,029 at the
interval hetween pm. 3 and pm. 4. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1677. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the first and second true molars ; from the Upper Eocene of
Bach. This specimen agrees precisely with the one figured
by Filhol in the plate cited above. Purchased, 1884.
Elyzenodon vulpinus, P. Gervais’.
Syn. Hyenodon exiguus, P. Gervais (¢este Filhol).
Pterodon exiguus, P. Gervais.
This species is readily distinguished from any of the ones ee
its greatly inferior size. The species has not hitherto been recorded
from the Lower Miocene of Puy-de-Déome.
Hab. France.
36766. Fragment of the cranium, containing all the teeth of the
right side as far back as the first true molar, and a frag-
ment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
last premolar and the first and second true molars; from
the Lower Miocene of Puy-de-Dome, France’. The teeth
are unworn and in beautiful preservation; and the speci-
men is valuable as showing the upper and lower jaws in
association. The specimen is of considerably smaller size
than the cranium of H. vulpinum figured by Filhol in the
Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xxxiv. fig. 170; but it will
be seen, from the figures of three specimens of the man-
dible given on the same plate (figs. 167-169), that there
is a considerable range of variation in size; and since the
three teeth of the mandible of the present specimen agree
precisely with the corresponding teeth of the specimen
represented by Filhol in fig. 168, the present specimen
may be pretty safely referred to the same species, thus
extending its range into the Lower Miocene. The upper
teeth agree exactly with those of the specimen No. M. 1678,
noticed below. ‘The following dimensions indicate the
' Journ. Zool. vol. ii. p. 374 (1873).
* The specimen is entered in the Museum Register as Hyenodon croizeti,
Kaup; the name being apparently a manuscript one.
‘
HY HNODONTID®. 29
difference in the size of this specimen and the larger
specimens described by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. vii. art. 4, pp. 200-214, viz. :—
Upper teeth : ie BENE, Filhol.
Mesatvet pm. Lie aecd en ce = 0,0065 0,0066
Height atl aac eh tamer Seta ae aac ia, ER Suck 0,004 0,0069
Interval between pm. 1 and pm. 2.... 0,006 0,002
MEMesel Gk PHP Aah cok ect ot 0,009 0,0095
Height th ak ey AE Ae a TR Re 0,005 0,009
Merwe Ol PM s)6 0. cis oe asl 8 oes s 0,011 0,01
Height Se are oe tS eed OO PE 0,005 0,0089
Menem of pais 24 i. 2/5 PSST ee. 0,009 0,0096
Height SME ac Ma a aio t's eS g 0,006 0,009
TUGILE LOU Si A a re 0,006 0,009
Height 25) 1 aati, 4: eile SNe in ma 0,003 0,007
Interval between canine andm.1.... 0,0475 0,037
Lower teeth:
Benet Gf pm. 4... i see eee eee es 0,015 0,009
Height Pak Nea MED Sok 335 8 rep ees hat 0,008 0,0096
SGC TD CATS Se eng aoe a ee 0,006 0,0065
Height 2 iy Lins ete ale ARR a SPS 0,004 0,0065
= SSUID 0) 5 ae ee 0,008 0,0085
Height Ree RUG a ae ae 0,006 0,0073
M. 1678.
M. 1679.
M. 1680.
Purchased, 1859.
Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the third
and fourth premolars and the two true molars; from the
Upper Eocene of Bach. This specimen, with the excep-
tion of being slightly smaller, is very similar to the corre-
sponding portion of a cranium figured by Filhol in the
Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xxxiv. fig. 170; but the last
premolar is relatively smaller. Purchased, 1884.
Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the four pre-
molars and the alveolus of the canine; from the Upper
Eocene of Bach. This specimen is of the same size as the
last, but corresponds otherwise to the cranium figured by
Filhol (loc. ct.). Purchased, 1884.
The symphysis and part of the left ramus of the mandible,
showing the premolars and the first true molar; from the
Upper Eocene of Bach. This specimen is rather larger
M. 1365.
CARNIVORA.
than the mandible figured by Filho! in the Ann. Sci.
Géol. vol. vii. pl. xxxiv. fig. 169, but is otherwise similar.
Purchased, 1884.
Symphysis of the mandible, showing the right canine, the
first two premolars of either side, and a part of the left
pm. 3; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux. This specimen
is rather smaller than the last, and agrees in size with the
one figured by Filhol, loc. cit. fig. 167. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1681. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
M. 1682.
M. 1683.
M. 1684.
M. 1367.
last premolar and the second and third true molars ; from
the Upper Eocene of Bach. This specimen agrees very
closely with the mandible figured by Filhol, loc. cit.
ite 116 }5) Purchased, 1884.
Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
first and second true molars, and the broken base of m.2;
from the Upper Eocene of Bach. The teeth of this
specimen agree in size with those of the last, but the
depth of the jaw is considerably greater. Purchased, 1884.
Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
the last true molar; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux.
The tooth is smaller in this specimen than in any of those
noticed above. Purchased, 1884.
Hinder portion of the cranium of a small Hyanodon,
which may perhaps belong to the present species; from —
the Upper Eocene of Caylux. Purchased, 1884.
Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
the last two premolars and the first true molar; from the
Upper Eocene of Caylux. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1367 a. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the last premolar and the first and second true molars ;
from the Upper Eocene of Caylux. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1367 b. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
M. 1364.
the last premolar and the first true molar; from the
Upper Eocene of Caylux. Purchased, 1884.
Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the last true molar; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux.
/ - Purchased, 1884.
HY ENODONTID #. 31
M. 1379. The last right lower premolar; from the Upper Eocene of
Caylux. Purchased, 1884.
Hyzenodon (?) sp.
(Cf. Hycenodon indicus, Lydekker 1.)
Hab. France and (?) India.
The species H. indicus was founded on the evidence of a fourth
right lower premolar from the Pliocene Siwaliks of the Punjab,
India, which indicates a species of very large size. This tooth is
represented in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 1). At the same
Ries i:
Hy)
{ Y) i }
XY iy
Kushalghar, Punjab. Indian Museum, Calcutta. }. (From the ‘ Pale-
ontologia Indica.’)
time two other teeth, which were regarded as being third lower
true molars, were described and figured (‘ Paleeontologia Indica,’
ser. 10, vol. 11. pl. xli. figs. 5, 6), and provisionally referred to the
same species, although it was suggested that they might possibly
belong to a distinct species, or even genus. The most perfect of the
two Indian teeth belongs to the left side, and was described in the
following words, viz.:—‘‘It is divided into two distinct lobes, of
which the first is the stoutest: externally there is a stout cingulum
forming the base of the crown. Posteriorly the lower border of the
enamel of the crown runs suddenly upwards on both sides, nearly
to the summit of the hind lobe.” The tooth comes nearest to “the
last lower true molar of Hycwnodon*; in some species of which (e. g.
1 Paleontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 349
(1884).
2 The tooth might be taken for the lower carnassial of a feline; but is distin-
guished by the form of the lower border of the enamel, and of the worn sur-
faces of the summits of the lobes, by the presence of the cingulum, and the size
and direction of the fangs. In the large primitive felines (e.g. Alurogale inter-
media) there is a hind talon to the lower carnassial.
oo CARNIVORA.
H. heberti, H. leptorhynchus) the lower border of the enamel bends
upwards at the posterior extremity of the tooth in precisely the
same manner, although not quite to the same extent, as in the
Siwalik teeth. In none of the European or American species, how-
ever, is there the marked cingulum of the latter; while in all the
larger forms the hinder lobe is relatively larger; although in the
much smaller H. crucians, Leidy*, the two lobes are more nearly of
the same length. In all, the anterior lobe is much stouter than the
posterior; and the wear of the summits of the lobes is similar to
that of the Indian teeth.”” The length of the complete Indian tooth
is 0,026.
M. 1685. The third right lower true molar; from the Upper Eocene
(fig.) of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot), France. This tooth,
which is represented in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 2),
Hyenodon (?) sp.—The third right lower true molar; from the Upper
.Eocene of Bach. 2.
has lost the anterior fang, and agrees precisely, with the
exception of its inferior size, with the Indian teeth noticed
above. Its length is 0,020, and it evidently belonged
to the same genus, if not to a smaller race of the same
species, as the Indian specimens. It is different from the
corresponding tooth of all the European species of Hyan-
odon described by Filhol, and presents no resemblance to
Proviverra, Pterodon, or Oxyena; while the writer has
been unable to identify it with any of the allied genera
from the American Tertiaries. To whatever genus it
really belongs, the occurrence in the Lower Tertiaries of
1 Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philadel. vol. vii. pl. ii.
yt.
HY ENODONTIDZ. 33
France and the Upper Tertiaries of India of this peculiar
form of tooth is a very interesting and noteworthy circum-
stance, and affords a well-marked instance of the survival
in India and other eastern regions of forms which dis-
appeared at a much earlier period in Europe.
Purchased, 1884.
Genus PTERODON, Blainville’.
Beals hs? (2—3) 1 4 t 2
Dentition ie aaron rS C. i Pn. G4 M. 3
and Oxyena in a distinct family—Oxyenide.
Cope places this genus
Pterodon dasyuroides, Blainville’.
Syn. Pterodon parisiensis, Blainyille es
(?) Pterodon cuviert, Pomel ®.
(?) Pterodon coquandi, Pomel *.
Hab. Europe.
M. 1361. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the first and
second true molars, in an almost unworn condition ; from
the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France.
These teeth are rather larger than those of a fine cranium
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse,
1882, pl. i. Purchased, 1884.
27579. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the last premolar
and the three true molars, in a partially worn condition ;
from the Upper Eocene of Débruge, near Apt (Vaucluse),
France. The teeth of this specimen (which apparently
corresponds to P. cuviert, Pomel) are considerably smaller
than those of the last specimen, but do not present any
structural difference, and seem to belong to a smaller race
of the same species. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
M.1689. Part of the left maxilla, containing the three true molars ;
from the Upper Eocene of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot),
France. The teeth of this specimen are slightly smaller
1 Ann. Fr. et Etr. d’Anat. et de Physiol. vol. iii. p. 23 (1839), ¢este P. Gervais,
2 Cope (Amer. Nat. 1884, p. 481) gives the number of the cheek-teeth simply
as Pm. 3, M. 3. There are, however, seven of these teeth in typical examples
of P. dasyuroides ; vide Filhol, Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, pl. ii.
3 Loe. cit. * Ostéographie, genus Subursus, p. 48 (1841).
® Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2, vol. iv. p. 392 (1846).
® Catalogue Méthodique, p. 117 (1853).
34 CARNIVORA.
than those of the cranium figured by Filhol in the Ann. Soe.
Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, pl. 11. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1690. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the second and
third true molars ; from the Upper Hocene of Bach. The
teeth are slightly larger than those of the last.
Purchased, 1884.
M. 1691. Detached teeth ; from the Upper Eocene of Jamblouise,
near Limogne (Lot), France. Purchased, 1884.
27578. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the second and
fourth premolars and the first and second true molars;
from the Upper Kocene of Débruge. This specimen agrees
with the last. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
26759. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the three true
molars, the first in a well-worn condition ; from the Upper
Eocene of Vaucluse. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
- 28152. Cast of the dental portion of the maxilla, showing most of the
teeth ; the original is from the Upper Eocene of Débruge'.
The teeth of this specimen agree exactly in size with those
of the above-mentioned cranium figured by Filhol.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852,
27577. The second or third left lower true molar’, in a well-worn
condition ; from the Upper Hocene of Débruge. The talon
is relatively small. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
36947. Three specimens of the second or third lower true molar,
two of which have lost their talons ; from the Bembridge
Limestone (Upper Eocene) of the Isle of Wight. These
specimens appear to agree exactly with specimens figured
by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xxxiii. figs.
164, 188; and there can be no doubt as to the generic
reference. These specimens (which have been previously
noticed by the present writer in the Geol. Mag. dec. 3,
vol. i. p. 444) are important as proving the occurrence of
the genus in Hngland. Purchased, 1861,
28153. A canine’; from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse. This
This specimen is entered in the Museum Register as Péerodon taurillands ,
Bravard & Pomel, which is apparently a manuscript name.
* Entered in the Museum Register as P. lawrillardi.
’ Entered in the Museum Register as P. laurillardi.
HY ZNODONTID &. oD
specimen is referred to the present genus on the authority
of Bravard. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
281634. Three lower premolars’ of small size, not improbably
belonging to a small race of the present species; from the
Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28154. Cast of a portion of the right ramus of the mandible, showing
the last three premolars: the original is from the Upper
Kocene of Vaucluse. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
M.1719. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible of a large-
sized individual, containing the two last molars; and a
fragment of the anterior part of a ramus with two worn
teeth; from the Upper Eocene of Bach. Purchased, 1884.
Genus ORY AENA, Cope’.
This genus is apparently distinguished from Pterodon merely by
the absence of the third molars in both jaws, and by the diminu-
tion in the number of the incisors. Since one species of Pterodon
(P. buncisivus) has only two pairs of incisors in the upper jaw, and
' possibly only the same number in the mandible, there is a transition
in this respect towards the present genus; and as the only other
distinction is the absence of the last true molars, the writer is
strongly inclined to think that Oxyena might be merged in Pterodon.
The following formula’ represents the range of variation in the
number of teeth of Oxycena, viz. I. os C. = Pm. = M. 3.
Oxyzena galliz, Filhol*.
Dentition :—I. 2, C.;, Pm. 4, M. 3. Filhol founded this species
on a fragment of the maxilla in which the incisors were not shown.
He was not, therefore, aware that these teeth were only two in
number, in place of three, as in the American species.
Hab. France.
1 Entered in the Museum Register as P. aymardi, Bravard, MS.
2 Report U.S. Geogr. Surv. W. of 100th Meridian,1874, p. 11. Vert. Foss. New
Mexico.
3 In his latest notice (Amer. Nat. 1884, p. 480) Cope gives the number of
cheek-teeth as Pm. #, M. 3. The figure of the upper dentition given on the
opposite page of his memoir shows, however, that this is incorrect.
4 Ann. Soe. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, p. 34.
D2
36
CARNIVORA.
M, 1692. The extremity of the muzzle; from the Upper Eocene of
(fig.)
Mouillac, near Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This
specimen *, of which the palatal aspect of one side is repre-
sented in the woodcut (fig. 3), shows on the left side the
Oxyena gallig.—Anterior part of the left half of the palate ;
from the Upper Hocene of Mouillac. }.
alveoli of the two incisors (of which the outer is much
larger than the inner), the canine (with the greater part
of the crown broken away), and the first and second pre-
molars. There is a small interval between the outer
incisor and the canine; the first premolar (which has but
one root) is in apposition to the canine; and the second
premolar (which has two roots) is very close to the first.
In. the following table the dimensions of this specimen are
compared with those of the type specimen as given by
Filhol, viz. :—
B.M. Filhol.
Antero-posterior diam. of base of canine. 0,021 0,020
Transverse ,. 5, é ue . 0,014 0,012
Antero-posterior diam. of base of pm. 1.. 0,012 0,006
pm.2.. 0,0135 0,0187
9° 99 99
1 This specimen has been previously noticed and figured by the present
writer in the Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i. p. 445.
HY EZNODONTID&. oi
B.M.
Antero-posterior diam. of alveolus of inner
TSO. Sees ORL ae 0,008
Antero-posterior diam. of alveolus of
MRECESENCISOL ...s Speers at he ste sss 0,018
Interval between canines ............ 0,026
It will be seen that the only difference in the two
specimens consists in the superior size of the first premolar
in the present specimen. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1693. The symphysis of the mandible; from the Upper Eocene
of Escamps, near Lalbenque (Lot), France. This specimen
shows the alveoli of the canines and the first premolars,
the second premolars, and parts of the third. The dimen-
sions are as follows :—
Length of symphysis superiorly .......... 0,067
Vertical diameter of alveolus of canine .... 0,019
Transverse _,, = - Poe OL Ls
Menor or crow! Of pm ys. ws se a 4s 0,0158
This specimen is important, because no portion of the
mandible has been described by Filhol. It is considerably
larger than the mandible of O. forcipata, Cope’, which is
the largest American species, and the incisors appear to
have been inclined more directly forwards.
Purchased, 1884,
Limb-bones of Hyenodontide’.
A large series of limb-bones probably belonging to this family are
contained in the Museum, and many of these have been labelled
Hycenodon or Ptierodon. There do not appear, however, to be any
reasons known for assigning any of them to one genus rather than
to the other; and they are accordingly entered here merely as
belonging to the family, although suggestions are in some instances
made as to the species to which they may possibly belong.
28165. Glenoidal extremity of the right scapula of a large species ;
from the Upper Hocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
27576. The greater portion of the right humerus of a large species ;
* In the Report U.S. Geogr. Surv. W. of 100th Meridian, vol. iv. pt. 2,
pl. xxxvi. (1877), a fine specimen of the mandible is figured.
* These specimens are mainly referred to this family on the authority of
Brayard.
38
28187.
26758.
28166.
28167.
27709.
28188.
26760.
28168.
11909.
29869.
CARNIVORA.
from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse. ‘There is a large
entepicondylar foramen.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The imperfect distal portion of the left humerus of a large
species, different from the last; from the Upper Eocene
of Vaucluse. It is not improbable that this specimen and
the last respectively belong to H. brachyrhynchus and
P. dasyuroides. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The broken distal portion of the right humerus, apparently
similar to No. 27576; from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
The greater portion of the broken right humerus of a large
species ; from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The greater portion of the left humerus of a smaller form ;
from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The greater portion of the right humerus of a small species ;
from the Lower Miocene of Sauvetat, Puy-de-Dome. It
is not improbable that this specimen may belong to H. vul-
pmus. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
The greater portion of the right ulna of a large species ;
from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The proximal half of the left ulna, slightly smaller than the
last ; from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse. -
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
The lesser sigmoidal fossa of the right ulna, similar to the
last specimen ; from the Upper Hocene of Vaucluse. |
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Cast of the right ulna, wanting the distal epiphysis. The
original is from the Upper Eocene of Paris, and is figured
in De Blainville’s ‘ Ostéographie’ (genus Subursus), pl. xi1.,
under the name of Taxotherium parisiense. It is of the
same size as the last two specimens. 5
Mantell Collection. Purchased, 1836.
The right radius of a small species; from the Headon beds
(Upper Eocene) of Hordwell, Hampshire. ‘This bone is
too small to have belonged to Hyewnodon minor (unless
28155.
28169.
26759.
28239.
28289.
28210.
28196.
27583.
26751.
26752.
28193.
HYZNODONTIDZ. 39
that species varied greatly in size), and more nearly corre-
sponds to H. vulpinus. It probably belongs to the same
species as a femur from the same locality noticed below,
and would seem to indicate a second British species of
Hycnodon, since no small forms of Pterodon are known.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
The left radius of a large species, imperfect distally ; from
the Upper Hocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The left radius, slightly smaller than, but otherwise similar
to, the last specimen ; from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The right radius, similar in size to the last, but with a
squarer proximal articular surface ; from the Upper Eocene
of Vaucluse. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
The left radius, similar in size to the last two specimens,
-but with the distal articular surface more elongated ; from
the Upper Kocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The right radius, agreeing in size and the form of the proximal
articular surface with No. 26759; from the Upper Eocene
of Vaucluse. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The greater portion of the right radius of a smaller form;
from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Distal two thirds of the radius of a small form; from the
Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The bones of the right fore-foot of a medium-sized form ;
from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1862.
The three inner right metacarpals of a larger form; from
the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
The left scapho-lunar ; from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
The distal half of the femur of a large specimen, in a much-
erushed condition ; from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
40 CARNIVORA.
29726. The left femur of an animal probably belonging to the pre-
sent family ; from the Headon beds (Upper Eocene )of
Hordwell, Hampshire. This bone indicates a small species
and corresponds in size to the ulna, No. 29869. Its
extreme length is 0,127, and the width of the distal ex-
tremity 0,027. The larger and smaller trochanters are
strongly developed, and there is a very distinct ridge on
the upper portion of the outer border, foreshadowing a
third trochanter. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
28195. The left tibia of a large species, in a much-crushed condi-
tion ; from the Upper Hocene of Vaucluse. The cnemial
crest extends far down the shaft.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
30132. The greater portion of the left tibia of a small species ; from
the Headon Beds of Hordwell. This specimen agrees in
relative size with the femur, No. 29726: it exhibits an
elongated cnemial crest.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
27582. The distal extremity of the right tibia of a large species ;
from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
26750. The right calcaneum of a large species; from the Upper
Eocene of Vaucluse. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
27581, 28197. Two specimens of the left astragalus of a large
species ; from the Upper Hocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28162, 28170. Two specimens of the four metatarsals ; from the
Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
30342. Three terminal phalangeals, very probably belonging to the
present genus ; from the Headon beds of Hordwell.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
Serial position uncertain.
Genus ARGILLOTHERIUM, Davies’.
This genus has been established on the evidence of the cranium
noticed below, the teeth of which are unfortunately wanting. The
describer considered that it might be allied to the Canoids; but the
1 Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i. p. 438 (1884).
FELID&. 4]
present writer thinks it may possibly be intermediate between some
of the Carnivora Primigenia (like the N. American Mesonyx) and
the Carnivora Vera. The brain-case is larger than in Mesonyx, and
the dentition less numerous and more macrodont.
3 Argillotherium toliapicum, Davies '.
Hab. England.
35688. Part of the cranium, showing portions of the parietals, the
maxille, palatals, pterygoids, and presphenoid; from the
Lower Eocene (London Clay) of the Isle of Sheppey. The
alveoli of pm. 3, pm. 4, and m.1 are shown; if m. 2 was
present it must have been very small. This specimen is
the type, and is described by Davies in the passage cited.
Purchased, 1859.
Suborder CARNIVORA VERA.
The true Carnivora which come nearest to the Carnivora Primi-
genia are some of the Viverro-canoids ; but it is necessary that these
should be placed near the middle of the suborder. The juxtaposition
of the Felide to the Carnivora Primigenia does not therefore indi-
cate any close relationship between the two.
Family FELIDA.
This family is taken to include the Nimravide of Cope as well
as the typical felines’.
Genus MACH ZERODUS, Kaup’.
Syn. Agnotheriwm, Kaup *.
Cultridens, Croizet°*.
Drepanodon, auct.®
Meganthereon, Pomel’.
Smuilodon, Lund °.
1 Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i. p. 438 (1884).
2 Vide Paleontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Sury. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 318
(1884).
3 Oss. Foss. d. Darmstadt, pt. 2, p. 24 (1833), Machairodus.
4 Ibid. p. 28 (1838).
° In Huot’s ‘Nouveau Cours Elémentaire de Géologie, vol. i. p. 265 (1837).
® Given in 1826 as a specific name by Nesti.
7 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 58 (1853). Originally given by Croizet and
Bravard as a specific name.
8 K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr. vol. ix. p. 293 (1842). /
492 CARNIVORA.
Steneodon, Croizet.
Trucifelis, Leidy (teste Cope).
oe 3 1 2 1
Dentition -——I. 3 C. o) Pm. (i—2) M. ie
Machzrodus meganthereon (Croizet and Jobert’).
Syn. Drepanodon meganthereon, Cope.
Felis meganthereon, Croizet and Jobert *.
Felis meganthereon, Bravard +.
Meganthereon macrocelis, Pomel *.
Steneodon meganthereon, Croizet °.
Hab. 8. Europe.
28882. Cast of the cranium and the right ramus of the mandible.
The original is from the Upper Pliocene of Mont Perrier,
near Issoire (Puy-de-Dome), France, and is in the Paris
Museum: it is figured by Gervais in the Zool. et Pal.
Francaises, 2nd ed. pl. xxvii. figs. 1, 2. It shows pm. 3
and pm. 4 on the left, and pm. 4 on the right side; there is
an alveolus for m.1. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
15433. The right upper canine, wanting the lower half; from the
Pliocene of the Val d’Arno, Italy. This specimen belongs
to a larger individual than the last.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
Machzrodus cultridens (Cuvier’).
Syn.2 Agnothervwm antiquum, Kaup (im parte).
Cultridens arvernensis, Croizet.
Drepanodon aphanista, Cope.
Felis aphanista, Kaup.
Felis cultridens, Bravard.
Felis gigantea, Wagner.
Macherodus leoninus, Roth and Wagner.
Meganthereon aphanista, Pomel.
Meganthereon cultridens, Pomel.
Steneodon cultridens, Croizet.
1 Revue Encyclopédique, vol. lix. p. 76 (18388) (deste EH. Geoffroy). This
name has the same date as Macherodus.
2 Oss. Foss. d. Puy-de-Dome, vol. i. p. 215 (1828), Felis.
3 Loc. cit.
4 Monographie de deux Felis d’ Auvergne, p. 143 (1828).
> Catalogue Méthodique, p. 55 (1853).
® Revue Encyclopédique, op. cit.
7 Ossemens Fossiles, vol. v. pt. 2, p. 517 (1824), Ursus.
® The synonymy is taken from Gaudry’s ‘Animaux fossiles et Géologie de
l’ Attique,’ p. 105, where full quotations are given.
.,
FELID 2. 43
Ursus cultridens, Cuvier.
Ursus cultridens arvernensis, Cr. and Jobert.
Ursus drepanodon, Nesti.
Hab. 8. Europe.
59674. Cast of the dental portion of the upper and lower Jaws.
The original is from the Lower Pliocene of Pikermi,
Attica, and is preserved in the Museum at Munich; it is
figured by Roth and Wagner in the Abh. math.-phys. Cl.
‘kbay. Ak. Wiss. vol. vii. pl. ix. fig. 1, under the name of
M. leoninus, and by Kaup in the ‘ Beitrage, pt. 5, pl. u.
fig. 2 (1861), under the name of MV. cultridens. The spe-
cimen exhibits pm. 3 and pm. 4, and the three mandibular
cheek-teeth. Purchased, 1879.
11929. Cast of the left upper canine. The original is from Puy-de-
Dome (? Lower Pliocene), and is preserved in the Paris
Museum ; it is figured by De Blainville in the ‘ Ostéo-
graphie,’ genus Felis, plate xvii.
; Mantell Collection. Purchased, 1836.
49674. Cast of the right ramus of the mandible. The original is
from the Lower Pliocene of Pikermi, and is preserved in
the Museum at Munich. It is figured by Wagner in
the Abh. math.-phys. Cl. k.-bay. Ak. Wiss. vol. vil. pl. v.
fig. 11, under the name of WW. leoninus. From its slender
form and small canine, this specimen may probably be
referred to a female. Purchased, 1879.
49967 a. Anterior portion of the left ramus of the mandible; from
the Upper Miocene of Eppelsheim, Hesse Darmstadt. The
crown of the canine, and the summits of pm. 4 and m. J are
broken away, but m.1 is perfect. This specimen belongs
to Kaup’s so-called Felis aphanista; but appears to differ in
no respect from the mandible of No. 49674. No history.
M. 413. Cast of part of the right ramus of the mandible. The
original is from the Upper Miocene of Eppelsheim.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
40873. A fragment of the upper canine of a Macherodus, probably
belonging to the present species ; locality unknown.
Presented by OC. Falconer, Esq., 1867.
28845 x. Wax model of a right upper canine, of comparatively small
size. ‘The original is from the Lower Pliocene of the Val
d’ Arno, Italy. Presented by J. B. Pentland, Esq., 1853.
44 CARNIVORA.
Machzerodus latidens, Owen’.
Syn. Drepanodon latidens, Cope.
Meganthereon latidens, Pomel.
Hab. England.
46842. Cast of the right upper canine; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Tor-
quay, Devon. The original of this specimen is preserved
in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons (no. 443),
and is figured by Owen in the ‘ British Fossil Mammals
and Birds,’ p. 180. Presented by Professor Flower, 1875.
14954. Left upper canine ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern. ‘This speci-
(/ig.) men is figured by Dawkins and Sanford in their ‘ Mono-
graph of the British Pleistocene Mammalia’ (Palzonto-
graphical Society, 1872), p. 184, pl. xxv. figs. 1-3; and
is mentioned by Falconer in a note published in the
‘ Paleontological Memoirs,’ vol. ii. p. 461, who remarks
on its excessively crenulated edges.
Presented by Dr. L. Phillips, by whom it was
purchased at the sale of the McEnery Collection m 1842.
46842 a. Cast.of the upper canine; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
No history.
46767. Cast of the third left upper incisor; from Keat’s-Hole
Cavern. The original of this specimen is figured by Owen
in the ‘ British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ p. 182, and is
in the Albert Museum, Exeter’. Made by permission
of the Committee of the Albert Museum, Exeter.
M. 582. The third right upper incisor; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
This specimen is mentioned by Pengelly in Brit. Assoc. Rep.
1872, p. 46 (No. 5962). Presented by Lord Haldon, 1883.
Machzrodus sivalensis (Falconer and Cautley’).
Syn. Drepanodon sivalensis, Fale. and Caut.*
Meganthereon falconeri, Pomel’.
Macherodus falconeri, Gaudry’®.
Hab. India.
? British Fossil Mammals and Birds, p. 179 (1846).
* In the ‘Catalogue of the Osteological Specimens in the Royal College of
Surgeons,’ Pt. II. Mammalia, p. 92 (1884), this specimen (No. 445, cast) is
stated to be in the British Museum.
3 Palxontological Memoirs of Hugh Falconer, vol. i. p. 550 (1868), Drepan-
odon.
4 Loe. cit. > Catalogue Méthodique, p. 56 (1858).
6 Animaux fossiles et Géologie de l’Attique, p. 113.
FELIDZ. 45
39730. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing pm. 3, pm. 4, and
(Fig.)
m.1; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India. This
specimen, of which the last two teeth are represented in
the accompanying woodcut (fig. 4), has been described and
Fig. 4.
Macherodus sivalensis.—Posterior left upper cheek-teeth ; from the Plio-
cene of the Siwalik Hills. 4. (From the ‘ Palzontologia Indica.’)
figured by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia In-
dica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 338, pl. xliv. fig. 4, and is also
figured in plate N. figs. 5, 5a of the ‘ Fauna Antiqua Siva-
lensis.’ It exhibits the small pm. 38 characteristic of the
species, of which this and the following specimens are the
types. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
16350. Fragment of the right maxilla of a young individual,
(Fig.)
showing the milk-canine, the penultimate milk-molar, and
the alveolus of the last milk-molar ; from the Pliocene of
the Siwaliks. This specimen is figured in the’‘ Fauna An-
tiqua Sivalensis, plate N. figs. 3, 3a; in ‘ Falconer’s
Paleontological Memoirs,’ vol. 1. pl. xxv. fig. 5; by
Bose in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. pl. vi.
fig. 5; and by the present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. pl. xliv. figs. 1, la.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
16557. The middle portion of the left ramus of the mandible of a
(Fg.)
female; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This
specimen has been described and figured by the present
writer in the ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii.
pl. xliv. figs. 4, 4a@; and is also figured in the ‘Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. N. fig. 6, and in Falconer’s ‘ Palee-
ontological Memoirs,’ vol.i. pl. xxv. fig. 6. Itshows pm. 4
and m. 1, and the broken base of pm. 3. The specimen of the
A6 CARNIVORA.
mandible of a male, figured in the accompanying woodcut
(fig. 5), shows the larger symphysial expansion charac-
teristic of that sex. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842,
Macherodus sivalensis—Outer view of the left ramus of the mandible of a
male; from the Siwalk Hills. Dublin Museum. (From the ‘ Paleon-
tologia Indica.’)
16554. The middle portion of the right ramus of the mandible ; from
(Fig.) the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen is
figured in the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. N. figs. 8,
8a, and is briefly mentioned by the present writer in the
‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. i. p. 336.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Machzrodus palzeindicus, Bose’.
Hab. India.
48436. Symphysial extremity of the left ramus of the mandible,
(Fig.) showing the alveoli of an incisor, the canine, and pm. 3,
with the broken crown of pm. 4; from the Pliocene of the
Siwalik Hills, India. This specimen, which is the type of _
the species, is described and figured by Bose in the Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soe. vol. xxxvi. p. 125, pl. vi) tesla
and by the present writer in the ‘ Palezontologia Indica,’
ser. 10, vol. 11. p. 341, pl. xliv. fig. 3. The species seems
more nearly allied to the last Siwalik species and the
American forms than to any of the European species ;
although in the structure of the mandible and pm. 3 it
presents certain indications of affinity with the latter.
F resented by C. Falconer, Esq., 1867.
48437. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing pm. 4
(fig.) andm.1; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This
specimen is figured by Bose in the Quart. Journ. Geol.
? Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p. 125 (1880).
FELIDZ. 47
Soc. vol. xxxvi. pl. vi. fig. 4; and is described by the
present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. 1. p. 341. Presented by C. Falconer, Esq., 1867.
M. 1567. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
(Fig.)
39728
(fig.)
39729
(fg.)
the broken pm. 4 and the roots of pm. 3; from the Pliocene
of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen is described and
figured by the present writer in the ‘Paleontologia In-
miea, ser. 10, vol. 1. p. 341, pl. xii. fig. 8.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
. Occipital portion of the cranium; from the Pliocene of the
Siwalik Hills. This specimen is described by the present
writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii.
p. 343; and is figured by Falconer and Cautley in the
‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. N. figs. 1, la, 16, Le.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
. A much-damaged cranium, probably belonging to this
species; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This
specimen is mentioned by the present writer in the ‘ Pale-
ontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 344; and is figured by
Falconer and Cautley in the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’
pl. N. fig. 2. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Undetermined Specimens.
43525. Hinder portion of a cranium; from the Pliocene of the
49177
Siwalik Hills. This undescribed specimen indicates an
individual of gigantic size, larger even than I. neogeus.
It differs in some respects from No. 39728 ; but both speci-
mens are too imperfect to determine whether they belong
to the same species. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
. Occipital portion of a cranium; from the Pliocene of the
Siwaliks. This specimen is in too imperfect condition to
determine whether it belongs to the present genus or to
Felis. _ Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Machzrodus neogzeus (Lund’).
Syn. Felis smilodon, Blainville.
Hyena neogea, Lund’.
Meganthereon neogeus, Pomel.
1 K. Dankse Vid. Selsk. Skr. vol, viii. p. 94 (1841), memoir dated 1837,
Hyena.
2 Loe. cit.
48 CARNIVORA.
Smilodon neogeus, Cope.
Smilodon populator, Lund '.
Hab. 8S. America.
21000. The cranium and mandible, wanting the maxille and the
left premaxilla; from the Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres.
The upper portion of the left canine remains; there are
only two cheek-teeth on each side of the mandible.
Purchased, 1846.
M. 1572. Cast of the cranium and mandible; from a cavern in
Minas Geraes, Brazil. The original of this specimen (from
which the woodcut fig. 6 is modified) is in the Paris
Macherodus neogeus.—Cranium, much reduced ; from South America.
Museum ; and is figured by De Blainville in his ‘ Ostéo-
graphie,’ genus Felis, pl. xx. A small pm. 3, of different
sizes on the two sides, is present in the mandible.
No history.
43235. The left ramus of the mandible, wanting the cutting-teeth ;
from the Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres. -In this specimen
pm. 3 is absent. Presented by Senor L. J. Fontana, 1871.
43236. The left ramus of the mandible, wanting the cutting-teeth ;
from the Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres. In this specimen
the teeth are in beautiful preservation; pm. 3 is present,
and is of considerably larger size than in the Paris skull
(No. M. 1572). Presented by Senor L. J. Fontana, 1871.
1 Loe. cit. yol. ix. p. 293 (1842).
oS | 4
a ler il ~~ ~e *
| ee
FELIDZ. 49
18972. The associated third and fourth left upper premolars ; from
a cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil. This specimen, with the
bones under the same number, is believed to belong to the
same individual as the Paris skull (No. M. 1572).
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18972 a. Shaft of the left femur, associated with No. 18972.
18972 b. The greater part of the right humerus, broken off infe-
riorly at the entepicondylar foramen; associated with
No. 18972.
18972c. The right ulna, wanting the proximal articular extremity ;
associated with No. 18972.
189724. The distal extremity of the right tibia; associated with
No. 18972.
18972¢e. The right astragalus; associated with No. 18972.
18972f. A phalangeal bone; associated with No. 18972.
18972 g. Three cervical vertebre ; associated with No. 18972.
18975. The right caleaneum; from a cavern in Minas Geraes,
Brazil. Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
32993. The centrum of a dorsal vertebra; from the Pleistocene of
Buenos Ayres. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
32992. The proximal half of the right radius; from the Pleistocene
of Buenos Ayres. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854,
43234. The left femur, wanting the articular extremities ; from the
Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres. This bone is of rather more
slender form than No. 18972 a.
Presented by Senor L. J. Fontana, 1871.
39400. Distal extremity of a right femur, probably belonging to the
present species ; from the Pleistocene of the Rio Negro,
Uruguay. This bone is apparently very similar to the
last. Presented by D, A. Stoddart, Esq., 1865.
210001. The root of an upper canine, of enormous size; from the
Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres. The crown of this specimen
appears to have been broken off during the life of the
animal. Purchased, 1846.
EB
50
CARNIVORA.
Genus FELIS, Linn.’
(including Leo, Leopardus, Lynx, Tigris, Uncia, &c.).
Dentition:—I. 2, C. 4, Pm. >”, M. ;-
° i? mM. 2
Pelis leo, Linn.’
Syn. Felis spelea, Goldf.?
Hab.
cene).
28553.
(4g)
Africa and South-western Asia (Recent) ; Europe (Pleisto-
The nearly complete cranium and mandible, wanting the
zygomatic arches, two upper incisors, and the first and
second upper premolars of either side; from the Gailen-
_—reuth Cave, Franconia. This specimen is described and
17921.
Fug.)
43681.
40967.
44920.
figured by Owen in the Phil. Trans. 1859, p. 317, pl. xi.
figs. 1, la. Purchased, 1853.
Part of the right maxilla and premaxilla, containing the
third incisor, canine, pm. 3, and pm. 4, from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern, Torquay. This specimen belonged to a male, and
is described and figured in Owen’s ‘ British Fossil Mam-
mals and Birds,’ pp. 161, 164, fig. 63 ; and is described in
Dawkins and Sanford’s ‘ British Pleistocene Mammalia’
(Pal. Soc. 1866), p. 31.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
The right upper canine; from the cavernous fissures of
Oreston, near Plymouth; identical in form with the
corresponding tooth of No. 17921. Purchased, 1872.
Two fragments of the right ramus of the mandible, contain-
ing the canine and the third and fourth premolars, in an
unworn condition ; from the Pleistocene of Crayford, Kent.
Purchased, 1868.
The anterior half of the right ramus of the mandible ; from
the Pleistocene of Ilford, Essex. The specimen is broken
off behind the carnassial; and, with the exception of a
portion of the last premolar, the crowns of all the cheek-
teeth are wanting ; the symphysis is entire, and there are
three mentary foramina. This specimen is noticed -by
Dawkins and Sanford in their ‘ Monograph of the British
Pleistocene Mammalia’ (Pal. Soc. 1866), pt. 1, p. 4, and
' Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 60 (1766). * Loe, cit,
* Nova Acta Ac. Cas. Leop.-Car. vol. x. p. 489 (1821).
wee
ee) on
Ne
FELIDZ, §1
is No. A 1 of Davies’s ‘Catalogue of the Brady Collection’
(1874). Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878.
44921. The second phalangeal of the second digit of the left fore-
foot ; from the Pleistocene of Ilford. This specimen is
No. A 2 of the Catalogue cited above.
Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878.
48691. Fragment of the right maxilla, showing part of the alveolus
of the canine, the alveolus of pm. 2, and the complete
pm. 3; from Brixham Cave, near Torquay.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48687. The corresponding portion of the left maxilla to No. 48691,
(fig.) showing the same teeth; from Brixham Cave. This
specimen is figured by Busk in the Phil. Trans. for 1873,
pl. xlv. fig. 4. Briwham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48688. The left premaxilla, containing the outer incisor, and the
bases of the other two teeth of the same series ; from Brix-
ham Cave. Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48690. The right upper carnassial, in a much-worn condition ; from
(Fig.) Brixham Cave. This specimen is figured by Busk, Joc. cit.
fig. 6. Brizham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
34 (0.C.). A part of the left maxilla, containing the much-worn
pm. 4, and the alveoli of the canine and the other cheek-
teeth ; from a cavern in Muggendorf, Franconia.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
M. 179. The right upper canine, with the enamel of the crown
broken ; from the cave of Durdham Down, Gloucestershire.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 176. The right upper canine ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 180. The right upper canine ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 177. Three specimens of the upper carnassial ; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 181. Three specimens of the upper carnassial, and one third pre-
molar; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
' E2
*
5 _ oe
:
:
52 CARNIVORA.
M. 369. The right lower carnassial, of very large size, and much
worn; from a cave at Adelsberg. '
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882,
M. 178. The left lower carnassial; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 178a. The third and fourth lower premolars ; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
-M. 369. The third and fourth right lower premolars; from a
cave at Adelsberg. Hgerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
48683. A left outer incisor; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48689. A canine; from Brixham Cave. This specimen is figured
(fig.) by Busk in the Phil. Trans. for 1873, pl. xlyv. fig. 5.
Briwham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48686. A canine; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
16691. Two specimens of the lower carnassial of opposite sides ; from
Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
17921. The left lower carnassial ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
43191. The left upper canine, of an extremely small individual
(determined by Falconer); locality unknown.
Wetherell Collection. Purchased, 1871.
28554. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
showing the canine (broken) and cheek-teeth: from a
cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia. . Purchased, 1853.
M. 272. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
showing the canine and cheek-teeth; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave. Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 273. The perfect left upper canine, exhibiting very clearly the ver-
tical groovings on the outer and inner surfaces; from the
Gailenreuth Cave. Lgerton Collection. Purchased, 1852.
40951. The left lower canine of a Felis ; from the cavern of “ North
(fig.) Hill Tor,’ Gower, Glamorganshire. This specimen is
figured in ‘ Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs,’ vol.. ii.
pl. xxxvi. figs. 5 & 6, and is said by Falconer (cbid. p. 457)
to resemble very closely the corresponding tooth of a young
FELIDZ. ey
Lion; it not improbably belongs to a small individual of
the present species. Presented by Gen. Wood, 1865.
M. 209. A right upper canine tooth, from the Gailenreuth Cave ;
probably belonging to the milk-dentition of this species.
Enmskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 186. The glenoidal half of the left scapula; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 187. The left humerus, wanting the distal extremity; from the
Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 271. Middle portion of the shaft of the left humerus, in a
much-rolled condition; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
28041. The distal extremity of the right humerus; from the Pleisto-
- cene of Clacton, Essex. Presented by J. Brown, Esq., 1852.
23735 c. The distal extremity of the left humerus ; from the Pleis-
tocene of Slade Green, near Erith, Kent. Purchased, 1852.
43685. The broken distal extremity of the right humerus ; from the
cavernous fissures of Oreston. Purchased, 1849.
40875. The left radius of a large individual. The locality of this
fine specimen is unknown.
Presented by C. Falconer, Esq., 1867.
43686. Two specimens of the proximal extremity of the radius
belonging to opposite sides; from the cavernous fissures
of Oreston. Purchased, 1872.
43687. The distal extremity of the radius; from the cavernous
fissures of Oreston. Purchased, 1872.
M. 207. The right scapho-lunar; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882
43698. The left scapho-lunar; from the cavernous fissures of
Oreston. Purchased, 1872.
43699. The left scapho-lunar; from the cavernous fissures of
Oreston. Purchased, 1872.
M.103. The left scapho-lunar; from Cat’s-Hole Cave, Gower,
Glamorganshire, Presented by Gen. Wood, 1865.
54 CARNIVORA.
M. 195. The associated second and third left metacarpals ; from the
Gailenreuth Cave. Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 196. The associated second and third left metacarpals; from
the Gailenreuth Cave. These bones are longer and more
slender than No. M. 195.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 179. The associated fourth and fifth left metacarpals; from the
Gailenreuth Cave. Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 194. The associated fourth and fifth right metacarpals ; from the
Gailenreuth Cave. gerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M.194a. The second right metacarpal; from the Gailenreuth
Cave. Enmskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 197. The second right metacarpal; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 369 b. The third left metacarpal; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 369 a. The fifth right metacarpal ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 369. Three specimens of the second metacarpal ; from the Gai-
lenreuth Cave. Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
43688. Two specimens of the proximal half of the left fifth meta-
carpal ; from the cavernous fissures of Oreston.
Purchased, 1872.
43689. The proximal half of the right third metacarpal; from the
cavernous fissures of Oreston; the articular surface im-
perfect. Purchased, 1872.
43690. Three specimens of phalangeals of the proximal row ; from
the cavernous fissures of Oreston. Purchased, 1872.
M. 204. Two specimens of phalangeals of the proximal row; from the
Gailenreuth Cave. :
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 280. Two specimens of phalangeals of the proximal row; from
the Gailenreuth Cave. |
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882,
i
ar
Fe ee ee ee a
FELID 55
43691. A phalangeal of the middle row; from the cavernous
fissures of Oreston. Purchased, 1872.
M. 281. Two specimens of the second phalangeal of the fourth digit
of the right manus ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 205. The second phalangeal of the third digit of the right
manus; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 275. Ungual phalangeal ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 206. Three specimens of the ungual phalangeal ; from the Gai-
lenreuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
48684—5. Two phalangeals of the proximal row; from Brixham
(fig.) Cave. These specimens are figured by Busk in the Phil.
Trans. for 1873, pl. xlv. figs. 7, 8.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
23733. The left mnominate bone, wanting the greater part of the
(Fig.) pubis; from the Pleistocene of Slade Green, near Erith,
| Kent. This specimen is described and figured (2) by
Dawkins and Sanford in their ‘ Monograph of the British
Pleistocene Mammalia’ (Palzontographical Society, 1866),
peehO, pl. austis. 1. Purchased, 1849.
M. 188. Acetabulum and ischiatic portion of the left innominate
bone ; from the Gailenreuth Cave. This specimen is of
considerably smaller size than the last.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 270. The right femur; from the Gailenreuth Cave. This
(Ffig.) specimen is figured in plate xviii. fig. 4 of Dawkins and
Sanford’s ‘ Monograph of the British Pleistocene Mammalia.’
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 189. The proximal half of the left femur; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M.190. The distal half of the left femur, from the Gailenreuth
Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
40642. The greater portion of the left femur, wanting a portion
of the head, the great trochanter, and the distal articular
56 CARNIVORA.
extremity; from the Pleistocene gravels of Barnwell,
Cambridge. This specimen, although of smaller size,
agrees so closely with No. M. 270 that it may be safely
referred to the same species. Purchased, 1867.
M. 191. The right tibia, wanting the greater part of the cnemial
crest, the proximal articular surface, and the inner mal-
leolus; from the Gailenreuth Cave. This specimen
belonged to a small individual.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
43692. The distal extremity of the left tibia; from the cavernous
fissures of Oreston. This specimen is of very large size.
Purchased, 1872.
43694. The right astragalus, associated with the last specimen.
Purchased, 1872.
M. 193. A broken left astragalus ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enmskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 277. The right astragalus, of very large size; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave. Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
43693. A broken right astragalus ; from the cavernous fissures of
. Oreston. Purchased, 1872.
M. 276. A left astragalus; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 277. A right astragalus ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 192. A left caleaneum; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
43695. The articular portion of the left calcaneum; from the
cavernous fissures of Oreston. Purchased, 1876.
43696. The cuboid; from the cavernous fissures of Oreston.
Purchased, 1876.
43697. The right navicular; from the cavernous fissures of Oreston.
Purchased, 1876.
M. 203. The right ecto-cuneiform ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 198. The associated second, third, and fount metatarsals of the
FELIDZ®. 57
right side; from the Gailenreuth Cave; associated with
No. M. 203. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 273. The associated first, second, third, and fourth metatarsals
of the left side; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
51 (0. C.). The second right metatarsal of a small individual ; from
Kirkdale Cave, Yorkshire.
_ resented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
M. 201. Two specimens of the second left metatarsal; from the
Gailenreuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 370. The second left metatarsal; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
, Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 202. The third left metatarsal; from the Gailenreuth Cave. ‘
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 199. Two specimens of the fourth right metatarsal ; from the Gai-
lenreuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 370. The fourth right metatarsal; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerion Collection. Purchased, 1882.
40368. The proximal extremity of the fourth right metatarsal ;
from Kirkdale Cave. Purchased, 1867.
M. 200. Two specimens of the fifth left metatarsal ; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 370. The fifth left metatarsal; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 182. The atlas vertebra, imperfect on the left side; from the Gai-
lenreuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 18. A cervical vertebra from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 184. A dorsal vertebra ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 274. Two broken specimens of lumbar vertebre ; from the Gai-
lenreuth Cave. Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 185. A lumbar vertebra, with the processes broken and the
58 CARNIVORA.
neural canal coated with stalagmite; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 208. Three caudal vertebre; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Oollection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 208 a. Three caudal vertebre; from the Gailenreuth cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
Felis cristata, Falconer and Cautley’.
Syn. Unceva cristata, Cope.
Uncia grandicristata, Cope.
Felis grandicristata, Bose’.
(?) Felis paleotigris, Falc. (MSS.).
Hab. India.
28913. Cast of the cranium. ‘The original specimen, which is the
type, is from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India, and
is preserved in the Museum of the Royal College of Sur-
geons (No. 358); it is figured and described by the pre-
sent writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 1.
p. 320, pls. xli. and xlii. The original was presented to
the College of Surgeons by Walter Ewer, Esq.
Presented by the Directors of the East-India Company, 1854.
49176. Hinder portion of the cranium; from the Pliocene of the
(fig.) Siwalik Hills. This specimen is described and figured by
the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. i. pp. 323-4, pl. xl. fig. 1.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
49175. Hinder portion of the cranium of a very large individual.
(Fig.) This specimen is described by Bose in the Quart. Journ.
Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p. 127, under the name of F. grandt-
cristata ; but is figured and referred by the present writer
in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 324, pl. xl.
fig. 2, to the present species.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Felis (? Cynzlurus) brachygnatha, Lydekker’®.
Hab. India.
16537. Greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible, wanting
(Fig.) the canine ; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India.
' Asiatic Researches, vol. xix. p. 135 (1886).
2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p.'127 (1880).
3 Palxontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 3826 (1884),
FELIDZ. 59
This specimen (which with the next forms the type of the
species) is described and figured by the present writer in
the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 326, pl. xl.
figs. 2, 2a. Cautley Collection. . Presented, 1842.
16573. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible of
(fig.) an immature individual; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik
Hills. This specimen is described and figured by the
present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 11.
pl. xliii. figs. 1, la. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Felis prisca, Kaup’.
Hab. Germany.
M. 1575. A cast of the right upper carnassial tooth ; from the Upper
Miocene of Eppelsheim, Hesse-Darmstadt. The original,
which is preserved in the Museum at Darmstadt, is the
type of the species, and is described and figured by Kaup
in the ‘Ossemens Fossiles du Muséum de Darmstadt,’
Bia. p. 20; pl. n. fig. 2. Purchased.
Felis pardus, Linn.’
Hab. Southern Asia and Africa(Recent), and Europe (Pleistocene).
47704. Fragment of the left maxilla and premaxilla, containing the
(Fig.) broken canine, the alveolus of pm.'2, and the complete pm. 3;
from the Genista Cave, Gibraltar. This specimen is de-
scribed and figured by Busk in the Trans. Zool. Soe.
wor. x. pl. ii. fie. -2, p..79 (1877).
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47693. The mandible, wanting the hinder half of the left, and the
(Fig.) | condylar and angular portions of the right ramus; from
the Genista Cave. This specimen is figured by Busk in
the Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. x. pl. ii. fig. 1.
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47695. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible of a young
individual; from the Genista Cave.
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
27659. The left lower carnassial of a Felis of the size of the present
species ; from a cave near Montpellier. This tooth is
apparently indistinguishable from the corresponding tooth
of the present species ; it 1s, however, possible that it may
* Oss. Foss. de Darmstadt, pt. ii. p. 20 (1833).
2 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 61 (1766).
60 CARNIVORA.
belong to some of the other species described by Bourgui-
enat' from the French Pleistocene.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
47705. Two specimens of the proximal extremity of the ulna of
opposite sides; from the Genista Cave.
Brome Collection. Purchased, 1876.
47703. The distal extremity of the left tibia; from acavern at Wind-
mill Hill, Gibraltar. Brome Collection. Purchased, 1876.
M. 373. The left lower carnassial of a large Felis which may belong
to the present species; from the Pleistocene (?) of the Val
d’Arno. Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
Felis (sp.; allied to /. pardus).
Hab. India.
16537 a. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, showing the
(Fig.) three cheek-teeth ; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills,
India. This specimen is described and figured by the
present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. ii. p. 328, pl. xiii. figs. 4, 4a.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
48929. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
two last cheek-teeth; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik
Hills. This specimen is mentioned by the present writer
in the ‘ Palezontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. i1. p. 329, where
it is referred to the same species as the last. It is, how-
ever, possible that it may belong to /’. brachygnatha.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Felis onca, Linn.’
Syn. (?) Felis affinis onca, Lund *.
Hab. America.
18892. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
pm, 3, and m,{1 in an almost unworn condition, and the
broken base of pm.4; from a cavern in Minas Geraes,
Brazil. This specimen is indistinguishable from the man-
dible of large individuals of the Jaguar. H. Gervais and
Ameghino (loc. cit.) record this species from the Pleistocene
' Histoire des Felide: fossiles constatés en France, etc. (1879).
* Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 61 (1766).
* Vide TH. Gervais and Ameghino, ‘Les Mammiféres fossiles de ’ Amérique du
Sud,’ p. 17 (1880).
@
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‘
FELIDZ. 61
of Buenos Ayres; and it seems highly probable that
the so-called F. affinis onca, Lund, should be referred to
the same species. Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
37684, The fourth right metatarsal, probably belonging te the
present species ; from the Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
Felis parvalis, Linn.’
Syn. (?) Felks affinis pardahs, Lund.
Hab. America.
18877. Three specimens of the humerus of a Felis, agreeing pre-
cisely with the corresponding bone of the Ocelot; from
a cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil. This species is not
recorded by H. Gervais and Ameghino from the S.
American Pleistocene;'but it is probable that Lund’s
F. affinis pardalis is really the same.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Helis pardina (Oken *).
Syn. Lynx pardalis, Oken.
Hab. Spain.
47690. Fragment of the anterior portion of the cranium, showing
(fig.) the complete dentition ; from the Genista Cave, Gibraltar.
This specimen is figured by Busk in the Trans. Zool. Soc.
vol. x. pl. ui. fig. 8. The second premolar is absent.
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47691. The nearly complete mandible, wanting a large portion of
(%g.) the right ramus; from the Genista Cave. This specimen
is figured by Busk in the Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. x. pl. iii.
fig. 4. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47694. Fragment of the right maxilla, with the teeth broken;
from the Genista Cave. The second premolar is absent.
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47699. Distal portion of the left humerus; from the Genista Cave.
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47700. Proximal extremity of the left ulna; from the Genista
Cave. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
* Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 62 (1766).
* Vide H. Gervais and Ameghino, op. cit. p. 15.
* In Temminck’s ‘Monographie de Mammalogie,’ p. 116 (1827).
62 CARNIVORA.
Felts caffra, Desmarest ’.
Syn. Felis caligata, Temm.?
Felis manculata, Riippell *.
Hab. Africa and 8. Asia (Recent), and Europe (Pleistocene).
47696. The left ramus of the mandible, from a cavern in Windmill
(Fig.) Hill, Gibraltar. This specimen is figured by Busk in the
Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. x. pl. iii. fig. 6 (1877), under the
name of F. caligata. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47697. The hinder portion of the left ramus of the mandible, showing
the carnassial tooth ; from a cavern in Windmill Hill,
Brome Oollection. Presented, 1876.
46798. The right humerus; from a cavern in Windmill Hill.
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47701. The distal extremity of the left humerus; from a cavern in
Windmill Hill. Brome Collection. Presented, 1376.
47702. The proximal extremity of the left radius ; from a cavern in
Windmill Hill. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47706. The left tibia; from a cavern in Windmill Hill.
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47707. The fourth and fifth left metatarsals; from a cavern in
Windmill Hill. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
Felis brevirostris, Croizet and Jobert*.
Syn. £. leptorhyncha, P. Gervais *® (ex Bravard).
Hab. France. |
29622. Cast of the cranium. The original is from the Upper Pliocene
of Mont Perrier, near Issoire (Puy-de-Dome), France ; and
is figured by P. Gervais, undex the name of F’. leptorhyncha,
in the Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. pl. xxvii. fig. 3.
The second premolar is absent.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855,
29623. Cast of the mandible. The original is from the Upper
' Mammalogie, Suppl. p. 540 (1822).
* Monographie de Mammalogie, vol. i. p. 123 (1827).
° In Temminck, op. cit. p. 128.
* Oss. Foss. du Puy-de-Déme, vol. i. p. 200:(1828).
° Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, Ist. ed. pl. xxvii. (1848-52).
FELID A. 63
Pliocene of Mt. Perrier; and is figured by P. Gervais in
the Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. pl. xxvii. fig. 4.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
28864. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible,
showing the canine and the three cheek-teeth ; from the
Upper Pliocene of Puy-de-Dome.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28865. The right humerus; from the Upper Pliocene of Puy-de-
Dome. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28866. The right ulna; associated with No. 28865.
28867. The right radius; associated with No. 28865.
27651. The distal extremity of the left humerus; from the Upper
(fig.) Pliocene of Mont Perrier. This specimen is figured by
Croizet and Jobert in the ‘ Oss. Foss. du Puy-de-Dome,’
vol. i. pl. vi. fig. 6. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27658. The proximal extremity of the radius; from the Upper
(Fig.) Pliocene of Mont Perrier. This specimen is figured by
Croizet and Jobert, op. cit. fig. 9.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
28868. The left femur; from the Upper Pliocene of Mont Perrier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Felis issiodorensis, Croizet and Jobert '.
Hab. France.
27614. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
(Fig.) carnassial; from the Upper Pliocene of Mont Perrier.
This specimen is figured by Croizet and Jobert in the ‘Oss.
Foss. du Puy-de-Dome,’ vol. i. pl. iv. fig. 4.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
28860. The nearly complete left ramus of the mandible ; from the
Pliocene of Puy-de-Déme.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28861. The left ulna; from the Pliocene of Puy-de-Déme.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Felis ogygia, Kaup~.
M. 1574. Cast of the symphysial extremity of the left ramus of the
* Oss. Foss. du Puy-de-Dome, vol. i. p. 198 (1828).
* Oss. Foss. de Darmstadt, pt. ii. p. 21 (1833).
64. CARNIVORA.
mandible. The original of this specimen was obtained
from the Upper Miocene of Eppelsheim, Hesse Darmstadt ;
and is figured by Kaup in the ‘ Oss. Foss. de Darmstadt,’
pt. ii. pl. i. fig. 3, and by De Blainville in the ‘ Ostéo-
graphie,’ genus Lelis, pl. xvi. Purchased.
Felis catug (Linn.)*.
Hab, Kurope.
16710. The left ramus of the mandible, from Kent’s-Hole Cavern,
(Fig.) Torquay. This specimen is mentioned in Owen’s ‘ British
Fossil Mammals and Birds, p. 173, and the teeth are
figured in outline in the figure on p. 172.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
M. 95. The left ramus of the mandible, containing the carnassial ;
from Cat’s-Hole Cavern, Gower, Glamorganshire.
Presented by Gen. Wood, 1865.
M: 96. The left ramus of the mandible, containing the canine and
the three cheek-teeth ; from Cat’s-Hole Cavern. |
Presented by Gen. Wood, 1865.
Genus PSEUDAZLURUS, Gervais *.
Dentition :—1. C. ; Pm. ay M. a The inner cusp of the
lower carnassial is absent in the typical forms, but is present in
P. intermedius?.
Pseudzlurus intermedius, Filhol’.
Hab. France.
M. 1367. Two portions of the opposite rami of the mandible, one
showing the two last premolars and the carnassial, and
the other the last premolar and the carnassial (broken),
and both showing the alveolus of a small m.2; from the
Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. These
specimens are similar to the type specimen figured by
Filhol ’, with the exception of the presence of m.2. In the
presence of a minute inner cusp to m. I this species forms
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 62 (1766).
2 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, lst ed. vol. i. p. 127 (1848-52).
3 In the ‘ Palaontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 314, it is stated that this
cusp is invariably absent.
4 Ann. Sci. Géol, vol. vii. art. 7, p. 167 (1876).
5 Ibid. pl. xxv. figs. 128-9.
FELIDA. 65
an almost complete transition from more typical species of
the genus to the viverrine Paleoprionodon.
Purchased, 1884.
Genus PROAGLURUS, Filhol *.
4? mee
Dentition :—I. 3, C. i, Pm. 4, M. 5. This genus is doubtfully
placed in
the present family ; it seems to connect Pseudelurus with
the viverrine Palewoprionodon, and also exhibits affinity with the
Mustelide. There is a talon and a small inner cusp to the lower
carnassial. The first lobe of pm. 4 is rudimentary or wanting.
Prozlurus lemanensis, Filhol ’.
Hab. France.
M. 1645.
M. 1646.
Hinder portion of the left ramus of the mandible, show-
ing the third and fourth premolars, the carnassial (broken),
and the alveolus of the minute m.2; from the Upper
Eocene of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot), France. This
specimen agrees precisely with the mandibles figured by
Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xxvi. figs. 7-10.
Purchased, 1884.
Two specimens of the right maxilla of a Carnivore,
probably belonging to the present species ; from the Upper
Eocene of Bach. The more perfect specimen contains
the third premolar and the carnassial, and the alveoli of
pm. 2 and m.1, behind which there was no other tooth.
The carnassial is musteline, having a rudimentary anterior
lobe, and the third premolar is feline. The teeth agree so
exactly in size and general character with those of the
mandible, that there is every probability that the maxilla
belongs to the same species. The length of the upper
carnassial is 0,014. Purchased, 1884.
Genus AE LUROGALE, Filhol *.
ge 3 1 3 1
Dentition :—1. By C. p Pm. Gs” M. (2):
1 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 192 (1879), Proailurus,
Ibid.
3 Tbid. vol. iii. art. 7, p. 14 (1872).
66 CARNIVORA.
fElurogale sivalensis, Lydekker’.
Syn. Pseudelurus swalensis, Lydekker ?.
Hab. India.
M. 1560. Cast of the greater portion of the right ramus of the man-
dible, showing the broken base of the canine, the alveoli
of the three premolars, and the broken carnassial. The
original of this specimen, which is the type of the species,
is preserved in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, and was
obtained from the Siwaliks of the Punjab. It is described
and figured by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 317, pl. xliv. figs. 7, 7a.
Purchased, 1884.
Genus AE LUROPSIS, Lydekker *.
Dentition :—I. =, C. +, Pm. (?), M. 3
fGluropsis annectans, Lydekker’.
Hab. India.
' M. 1559. Cast of the hinder portion of the right ramus of the
mandible, containing the last premolar, the broken car-
nassial, and the aveolus of m.2. The original of this
specimen, which is the type of the genus and species, is
preserved in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, and was
obtained from the Siwaliks of the Punjab. It is described
and figured by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 316, pl. xxxiii. figs. 4, 4a.
Purchased, 1884.
LiMB-BONES OF UNDETERMINED FELINEs.
a. From the Pliocene of the Svwalik Hills, India.
37144. The centrum of the axis vertebra of a large species of Melis
or Macherodus. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37146. The distal extremity of the right humerus of a large species.
(Fig.). This specimen is described and figured by the present
writer in the ‘Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii.
* Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind. vol. x. p. 88 (1877), Pseudelurus.
2 Loe. cit.
* Palxontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 816 (1884).
4 Loc. cit.
|
|
é gy
By:
FELID A. 67
pp. 345-6, pl. xli. fig. 11, where it is suggested that it
may belong to Felis cristata.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37142. The distal extremity of the left humerus, of still larger size
than the last specimen. This specimen is alluded to by
the present writer in the passage quoted above.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37156. Fragment of the left carpus and metacarpus of a species
about the size of F’. pardus, showing several of the carpal
bones, and the proximal extremities of the third, fourth,
and fifth metacarpals.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
40827. Distal extremity of the left femur of a very large species,
which is probably either Felis cristata or Macherodus
paleindicus. The dimensions of this specimen are given
by the present writer * in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser.
10, vol. i. p. 347. Cawuiley Collection. Presented, 1842.
40827 a. The distal extremity of the mght femur, of smaller size
than the last. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
40827 b. The distal extremity of the left femur, of the same size as
the last. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37145. The proximal extremity of a right tibia, of about the same
size as Felis pardus. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
M. 1566. The distal half of a right tibia, of about the same size as
the corresponding bone of a small Tiger.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
15135. The left astragalus of a species about the size of a large
Leopard. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
16565. The distal elements of the left tarsus, with the proximal
halves of the five metatarsals, belonging to a species about
the size of Kelis pardus. This specimen not improbably
belongs to the same individual as No. 37156.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
1 The number is erroneously given as 40527.
F2
68 CARNIVORA.
b. From the Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres.
37682. The distal extremity of the left humerus of a feline Car- —
nivore about the size of a Leopard, exhibiting a large ent
e-picondylar foramen. This bone belonged to an adult
animal, and is far too small for Macherodus neogeus.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
ce. From the Pleistocene of the Narbada Valley, India.
15924. Distal extremity of the right femur of a species of the size
of a large Tiger. Presented by C. Fraser, Esq.
15922. Distal extremity of the left femur, of rather smaller size
than the last specimen ; collected at the village of Naogaon
in 1839. No history.
d. From the Pleistocene of England.
M. 1625. Portion of the humerus (apparently) of a large feline ;
| from the Forest-bed of Kessingland, Norfolk. This speci-
men is noticed by Newton in the Mem. Geol. Surv.
England and Wales, ‘‘ Vertebrata of Forest-bed Series of
Norfolk and Suffolk,” p. 23 (1882).
Presented by Miss L. Martineau, 1884.
Family HY A NIDA.
In many respects the typical genus is more intimately allied to
Cams (notably in the structure of the feet and the absence of an
entepicondylar foramen to the humerus) than to the preceding
family ; and as some of the Viverride are extremely close to the
Felide, the former family is very frequently placed next to the
latter. The relationship of Cynodictis to the Vwerride is, how-
ever, so extremely intimate that it seems imperative to place the
Canoids and Viverroids in juxtaposition. The dentition of some of
the most specialized species of Hycna is moreover extremely feline,
while some of the more generalized forms (Lepihyena) are very like
those of some of the primitive felines, so that there are strong indi-
cations of affinity between the two families. On the other hand, the
more generalized species of Hywna (H. macrostoma) exhibit very
strongly marked affinities to the Canoids, while the genus Jctathe-
rium closely connects other species (H. sivalensis) with the Viver-
roids ; so that the impossibility of exhibiting the full affinities of a
group by any lineal system of classification is very strongly exem-
plified.
ee ° es ae
eT ESS ee ee ee ee ee ee
HY NIDA, 69
Genus HY AENA, Zimm.!
Syn. Crocotta, Kaup.
Crocuta, Gray.
Euhyena, Falconer.
Hyemetis, Gaudry.
Lycyena, Hensel *.
Dentition.—The normal adult dental formula of Hyena, in which,
for paleontological purposes, at all events, Crocuta is best included,
is I. 5 C. - Pm. M. i: In certain fossil forms, however, pm. 1 is,
either occasionally or normally, absent, while in others pm. 1 1s
normally developed ; and 1 in others again m. 2 may be present. The
range of variation in the gue may Mage be Pee
by the following formula :—viz. I. 2 ea = Pu. (2, M. a =>: It
is, however, not improbable that the ate true molar may be
entirely wanting in some instances.
Hyena crocuta (Hrxleben*).
Syn. Hyena capensis, Desmarest.
Hyena maculata, Zimmermann.
Hyena rufa, Cuvier.
Hyena spelea, Goldfuss ° (? var.).
Crocotta maculata, Kaup.
Crocotta spelea, Kaup (? var.).
Crocuta maculata, Gray.
Canis crocuta, Erxleben °.
In this species m,1 has a small talon and no inner cusp;
m. 1 is always minute, and may possibly befabsent'in some instances ;
it has either one or two fangs. In one skull” there is on one side
the alveolus of a minute m.2. The hinder lobe of pm. 4 is larger
than the middle; and there is no distinct anterior talon to pm. 3,
which is set parallel to the molar alveoli.
Hab. Africa (Recent), and Europe (Pleistocene).
1 Specimen Zoologicee Geographic, p. 365 (1777). The genus also has the
pre-Linnean authority of Brisson, under which it is frequently quoted.
2 Comptes Rendus, vol. lii. p. 722 (1861). The reasons for including this
genus in Hyena are given under the head of Z. stvalensis,
3 Monatsb. k. preuss. Ak. Wiss. 1862 (vol. for 1863), p. 567. The reasons
for including this genus in Hyena are given under the head of H. macrostoma,
4 Syst. Reg. Animal. p. 578 (1777), Canis crocuta.
5 Nova Acta Ac. Oxs. Leop.-Car. vol. xi. pt. 2, p. 456 (1823).
& Loc, cit.
7 This specimen is in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons
(No. 523).
70 CARNIVORA.
28557. The nearly complete cranium, wanting the left zygomatic
region, the incisors, the right canine, and the second
left premolar ; from a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia.
This specimen belonged to an extremely aged individual,
the teeth being very much worn; there is no sign of the
presence of m. 1, Purchased, 1853.
29 (0.C.). Cranium, wanting the zygomatic, nasal, and premaxillary
(fg.) regions ; from a cavern in Muggendorf, Franconia.
This specimen exhibits a severe lesion in the parietal
region, which had, however, healed before the death of
the animal. It has been described and figured by Sém-
mering in ‘ Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car.’ vol. xiv. p. 1,
pls. 1, 2; by Cuvier in the ‘ Ossemens Fossiles,’ ed. 1822,
vol. iv. p. 399, pl. xx. figs. 6, 7; and by Owen in the
‘British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ pp. 153-4, fig. 59.
The teeth are well worn, the greater portion of pm. 4 being
broken away; there is no trace of m.1. The condition of
the bone is remarkably fresh, there being no adhesion to
the tongue in any part.
Séommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
14274. The right maxilla, showing the whole of the teeth in an al-
most unworn and very perfect condition ; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern, Torquay. ‘There is a minute alveolus for m. 1,
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
16693. A portion of the left maxilla, showing the three last pre-
molars; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern. There is no trace of
m. 1, McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
37162. A portion of the left maxilla, showing the three last pre-
molars; from Brixham Cave, near Torquay. The teeth
are well worn, and there is no trace of m. 1,
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
32 (0.C.). Damaged occipital portion of a cranium ; from Kirkdale
Cave, Yorkshire.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
27959. The hinder half of the cranium; from Westeregeln, near
Magdeburg. Presented by J. Brown, Esq., 1852.
37165. The hinder portion of the cranium ; from, Brixham Cave.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
h
:
3
HY NID 2. 71
37166. A fragment of the parietal portion of the cranium; from
Brixham Cave. Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
28582. Basis of the cranium; from a cavern in Sundwig, West-
phalia. Purchased, 1853.
30 x (0.C.). Fragment of right maxilla, containing the last three
premolars ; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
42927. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the unworn pm. 3
and the alveoli of the other teeth; from the Grotto de
Remouchamps. Purchased, 1853.
44748. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing pm.3 and pm.4
and the alveolus of m.1; from a cavern at Bleadon.
The teeth are little worn and of very large size.
Presented by B. Bright, Hsq., 1873.
44750. Fragment of the upper canine tooth; from a cavern at
Bleadon. Presented by B. Bright, Esq., 1873.
18982. The greater portion of the left maxilla and premaxilla;
from Kent’s-Hole Cavern. All the teeth are present with
the exception of pm.1 and m.1, of both of which the
alveoli are visible. Presented by Rev. Upton Richards, 1845.
16695. The greater portion of the right maxilla; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. The canine is broken; the four premolars are
present, in a well-worn condition ; but there is no trace
of m. 1, McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
37163. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing pm.3 and pm. 4;
from Kent’s-Hole Cavern. The teeth are little worn, and
there is a minute alveolus for m. 1.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
18273. Fragment of the left maxilla of a very old individual, con-
taining the alveolus of pm.2, the complete pm. 3, and a
part of pm.4; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842,
18982. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the three last
cheek-teeth in an early stage of wear; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
12: CARNIVORA.
35 (0.C.). The right premaxilla, containing the three incisors; from
Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
48708. Part of the left maxilla, containing the second and third
premolars and the canine; from Brixham Cave.
Bri«ham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
M. 1340. Casts of the associated canine, and second, third, and
fourth upper premolars; from the Forest-bed Series of
Corton Cliff, Suffolk. The originals of these specimens
are in the possession of J. J. Colman, Esq., and are described
and figured by Newton in the ‘ Geological Magazine’ for
1883, pp. 433-5, pl. x. |
Presented by H. T. Newton, Esq., 1884.
47708. Palate; from the Genista Cave, Gibraltar. This specimen
(fig.) is described and figured by Busk in the Trans. Zool. Soc.
vol, x. p. 75, pl. ii. figs. 1, 2, 3. It shows the first three
premolars, in a well-worn condition, and the broken
carnassial of the right side.
Brome Oollection. Presented, 1876.
47709. The occipital portion of the same cranium as the last; from
(fig.) the Genista Cave, Gibraltar. This specimen is described
and figured by Busk in the Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. x,
p. 75, pl. i. fig. 4. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
M. 91. The right maxilla, containing the canine and the first three
premolars, in a much-worn condition ; from Cat’s-Hole
Cave, Gower, Glamorganshire.
Presented by Gen. Wood, 1865.
M. 1573. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors
_(f%ig.) and the last premolar; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
This specimen is figured by Cuvier in the 1836 edition of
the ‘Ossemens Fossiles,’ pl. exeii. fig. 9; it belonged to
an animal of medium age.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
17988. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible of
an immature individual; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
14174, The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
showing all the teeth except the third incisor; from
Kent’s-Hole Cavern. The true molar is much worn.
3 | No history.
: HY ZNID ®. ; 73
28559. The nearly complete right ramus of the mandible, wanting
the incisors and canine; from a cavern in Sundwig,
Westphalia. The teeth are well worn, and indicate an
old animal. Purchased, 1853.
18982 a. The horizontal part of the right ramus of the mandible,
wanting the symphysis; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern. All
the cheek-teeth are present, and are but slightly worn.
Presented by Rev. Upton Richards, 1845.
14172. The anterior portion of the mandible of an immature in-
dividual ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern. This specimen lacks
the incisors, but shows all the other teeth in beautiful
preservation. No history.
28560. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing the last three cheek-teeth ; from a cavern in
Sundwig, Westphalia. Purchased, 1853.
28560 a. The horizontal portion of the left ramus of the mandible,
showing all the teeth except the incisors, in a well-worn
condition ; from a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia.
Purchased, 1853.
28560 b. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible
of an immature individual, showing the partially pro-
truded canine, the third and fourth premolars, and the
alveoli of pm.2 and m.1; from a cavern in Sundwig,
Westphalia. Purchased, 1853.
28015. The greater part of the horizontal portion of the right
(Fig.) ramus of the mandible; from the Pleistocene “ till” of
Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex. This specimen is described
and figured by Owen in the ‘ British Fossil Mammals
and Birds,’ p. 151, fig.58. It shows the whole of the
cheek-teeth in a much-worn condition, and the alveolus of
the canine and one incisor.
Presented by J. Brown, Esq., 1852.
33 (0. C.). The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible,
showing all the teeth except the incisors ; from Kirkdale
Cave. Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
46135. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible of an
old individual; dredged off the Dogger Bank.
Owles Collection. Purchased, 1874.
74
37167.
>
37168.
37169.
37170.
37171.
22028.
48698.
15436.
CARNIVORA.
The anterior portion of the left ramus of the mandible,
showing the canine and cheek-teeth; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
The middle portion of the left ramus of the mandible, show- |
ing the four cheek-teeth, in a very slightly worn condition ;
from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Presented by Rk. W. Wolston, Esy., 1863.
Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
second and third premolars; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Hsq., 1863.
Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible of a young
individual, showing the canine and pm. 3; from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern. Presented by R. W. Wolston, Hsq., 1863.
Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible of a young
individual, showing the third premolar; from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern. Presented by R. W. Wolston, Hsq., 1863.
Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
canine, pm. 3, and pm. 4, with the associated carnassial of
the opposite side; from the Pleistocene of Grays, Essex.
Purchased, 1848.
Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, showing the
two last premolars and the carnassial; from Brixham
Cave. Brivham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
Anterior portion of the right ramus of the mandible, showing
the canine and the three premolars; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. In this specimen pm. 31s double, there being one
tooth in the regular line (which is much more worn than the
teeth in front and behind), and asecond tooth on the outer
side of the regular line, which is in the same state of wear as
the teeth in front and behind; the large size of the much-
worn tooth proves thatit cannot be a retained milk-molar.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
17964, The left half of the symphysis of the mandible, containing
two incisors, the canine, and pm.2; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. Mckinery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
16700. The anterior extremity of the right ramus of the mandible,
HY NID. wags
containing the incisors, canine, and premolars; from
. Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
M. 441. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
pm. 4, and m.1; both in a much-worn condition. ‘This
specimen is marked “ Kent’s Hole?”; but its condition is not
that of the bones from that place.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
48721. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
(fig.) canine and the three premolars; from Brixham Cave.
This specimen is figured by Busk in the Phil. Trans.
1873, pl. xlv. fig. 1.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
22038. An associated left lower pm.4 and the right upper pm. 3;
from the Pleistocene of Grays, Essex. Purchased, 1848.
50020. Eight specimens of teeth and fragments of the mandible;
from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Bequeathed by Sir Walter C. Trevelyan, 1879.
18982. Several fragments of upper and lower jaws; from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern. Presented by Rev. Upton Richards, 1845.
16694. Greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
nearly all the teeth, in a well-worn condition ; from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern. Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
17987. Greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible, showing
the four cheek-teeth and the canine; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
16706. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the three
last cheek-teeth ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
32260. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, with the three
unworn premolars; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
17933. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible of a young
individual ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
17932. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the four cheek-teeth ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
76 ‘CARNIVORA.
16702. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, showing the
four cheek-teeth ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
16701. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible, want-
ing pm. 3; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
33 a (0. C.). The condylar extremity of the left ramus of the man-
dible ; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
32509. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
last two teeth ; from the osseous breccia of Vallieux (Loir-
et-Cher), France. Tesson Collection. Purchased, 1857.
M. 92. Two specimens of the mandible, one very perfect and con-
taining all the cheek-teeth ; from Cat’s-Hole Cave, Gower,
Glamorganshire. Presented by Gen. Wood, 1865.
28560. The greater part of the left ramus of the mandible, contain-
ing all the cheek-teeth except the incisors ; from a cayern
in Sundwig, Westphalia. Purchased, 1853.
16696. The greater part of the left ramus of the mandible, contain-
ing the four cheek-teeth and the alveoli of the incisors
and canines; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
17989. The greater part of the left ramus of the mandible, contain-
ing the four cheek-teeth in an early stage of wear; from
Kent’s-Hole Cavern. !
McEnery Oollection. Purchased, 1842.
17437. The left ramus of the mandible, showing the milk-teeth, and
the germs of the permanent teeth in alveolo; from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern. McHnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
M. 440. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, showing the
germs of the permanent cheek-teeth; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
36 (0. C.). A fragment of the right maxilla, and the left ramus of
the mandible, containing the milk-teeth and the germs of
those of the permanent series; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
17909. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible of a young
HY NIDA. Fi
individual, with the second and third milk-molars ; from
Kent’s-Hole Cavern. McHnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
37164. Fragment of the right maxilla of a very young individual,
showing the three milk-teeth in an unworn condition ;
from Brixham Cave.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
37 (0. C.). The glenoidal extremity of the left scapula; from Kirk-
dale Cave. Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
40 (0. C.). The distal two-thirds of the left humerus; from Kirk-
dale Cave. Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
37181. The right humerus, wanting the proximal extremity ; from
Brixham Cave. Presented by R. W. Wolston, Hsq., 1863.
41 (0. C.). The right radius, wanting the distal extremity; from
Kirkdale Cave. Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
37180. The right radius, wanting the distal extremity; from
Brixham Cave. Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
42 (0. C.). The right ulna, wanting the distal extremity and the
summit of the olecranon; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
37181 a. The right ulna, wanting the distal extremity and the greater
portion of the olecranon; from Brixham Cave.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Hsq., 1868.
48 (0. C.). The pisiform ; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
44.(0. C.). The second left metacarpal; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836,
16758. The third right metacarpal ; from Brixham Cave.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
16758 a. The fifth left metacarpal; from Brixham Cave.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
442 (0.C.). The fifth left metacarpal; from Kirkdale Cave. This
bone is of a much stouter type than the last.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
39 a (0. C.). The iliac and acetabular portion of the left immominate;
from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
78 CARNIVORA.
39 (0. C.). The proximal half of the right femur, wanting the great
trochanter ; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
19843. The right femur, wanting the distal extremity; from the
Pleistocene of Grays, Essex. Purchased, 1845.
37184. The left tibia ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
37185. The distal portion of the right tibia; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
43 (0. C.). The distal extremity of the right tibia; from Kuirkdale
Cave. Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
49 (0. C.). The left caleaneum ; from Kirkdale Cave. 3 /
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
45 (0. C.). The left astragalus; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
18278. The left astragalus ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
47 (0. C.). The right navicular ; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
16783. The distal portion of a metatarsal; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
MckEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
37197. A second phalangeal; from Brixham Cave.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Hsq., 1863.
38 (0. C.). The atlas vertebra, wanting the ale; from Kirkdale
Cave. Presented by W. Salmond, sq. Before 1836.
37176. The atlas vertebra, wanting the ale; from Brixham Cave.
Presented by Rk. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
48709. The atlas vertebra, nearly perfect; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
37175. The atlas vertebra, wanting the ale; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842,
37177. The axis vertebra; from Brixham Cave.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
HY ZNID &. 79
38 (0. C.). The axis vertebra, much broken; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
58719. The fourth cervical vertebra; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
38 b (0. C.). The fourth cervical vertebra ; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
38 (0. C.). The fifth cervical vertebra ; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
38 c (0. C.). The sixth cervical vertebra; from Kirkdale Cave.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
48722. The seventh cervical vertebra ; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
37178. A late cervical vertebra; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
_ Hyzena perrieri, Croizet and Jobert’.
In this form the lower carnassial has a large talon, but no inner
tubercle ; the upper true molar is of medium size. It is probable
that it is closely related to H. crocuta, of which it has been con-
sidered merely a variety.
Hab. Europe.
27654. The germ of the left lower carnassial tooth ; from the Upper
(fig.) Plioceneof Mt. Perrier, near Issoire, (Puy-de-Dome), France.
This tooth is about the size of the corresponding tooth of
a small individual of H. crocuta, but has a relatively larger
talon, bearing two cusps, which are more developed than
in that species. The specimen is figured by Croizet and
Jobert in the Oss. Foss. du Puy-de-Dome, vol.i. pl. iv.fig. 3.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27650. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible of a young
Hyzena, probably belonging to the present species ; from
the Upper Pliocene of Ardé, near Issoire. This specimen
shows the three milk-molars and the germ of the per-
manent canine. The second and third milk-molars are
longer in proportion to the length of the milk-carnassial
than in #7. crocuta ; there is no inner tubercle to mm. 4.
This specimen and the last appear to indicate that the
present form is distinct from H. crocuta.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Oss. Foss. du Puy-de-Dome, vol. i, p. 169 (1828).
80 . CARNIVORA,
Elyzena sinensis, Owen’.
Hab China. |
It has been suggested by the present writer, in the ‘ Paleontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 11. pp. 288-9, that this species is not improbably
the same as the Siwalik H. felima. The species is described solely
upon the evidence of the three teeth mentioned below, all of which
were obtained from a cave in the province of Sechuen (Sez-chuen),
N.W. China, near the city of Chung-king-foo.
41937. The third right upper premolar. This specimen is figured
(fig.) by Owen in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxvi.
pl. xxviii. figs. 5, 6.
Purchased from R.,Swinhoe, Esq., 1870.
41938. The third right lower premolar. This specimen is a
(Fig.) Me Owen, op. cit. pl. xxviii. fig 7.
Purchased from R. Swinhoe, Fea., 187 0;
41939. The lower canine, wanting the greater portion of the crown.
Purchased from Rh. Swinhoe, Esq., 1870.
Hyzena felina, Bose’.
Syn. Hyena swalensis, Falconer and Cautley (a parte).
The dentition of this species is of the general type of that of
H. crocuta, m.1 being of small size. The first upper premolar is
absent in some instances.
Hab. India.
15902. Cranium of a very old individual, with the teeth much worn
(Fig.) and battered; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills,
India. The alveolus of a minute m. 1 may be seen on the
right side: pm.1lis absent. This specimen, which is the
type of the species, is figured by Falconer and Cautley in
the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. K.’ figs. 1, 1a, 16, le;
but it wanted at that time the left half of the palate,
which has been subsequently added; it is also described
and figured by Bose in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe.
vol. xxxvi. p. 130, pl. vi. fig. 6, and is described by the
present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica’ in the pas-
sage cited below. The accompanying woodcut (fig. 7)
1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxvi. p. 422 (1870).
2 Loe. cit. vol. xxxvi. p. 180 (1880).
* This plate was erroneously lettered Felis cristata in place of Hyena siva-
lensis. |
ee as es a
HY ZNIDA,
"
NH
i
/
| Hi | !
Nt
"ANA
Ly iM!
ted
8].
Hyena felina.—A, oblique view of right side of cranium; B, front view. Science and Art Museum, Dublin.
(From the ‘ Paleontologia Indica.’)
82
CARNIVORA.
represents another cranium, with the mandible attached,
belonging to the present species, which was obtained by
Messrs. Baker and Durand from the Siwalik Hills, and is
now preserved in the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin.
This specimen is described and figured by the present
writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii.
pp. 282-5. The teeth are but little worn, and show that
the diastema was short, and that pm. 4 had large fore-and-
aft talons; the first upper premolar is present in this
specimen. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37138. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the last three
" (fig.)
M. 1549.
premolars and the broken base of a minute m.1; from the
Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. The greater part of the
crown of the carnassial is broken away, and the other
teeth are in a middle condition of wear. This specimen
is figured by Falconer and Cautley in the ‘ Fauna Antiqua
Sivalensis,’ pl. L. fig. 8; and is described and figured by
the present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. ii. p. 283, pl, xxxv. a. fig. 2. It is referred to the
present species on account of its precise resemblance to the
corresponding portion of the Dublin skull; and from being
the only specimen exhibiting the inner sides of the
undamaged teeth, has been taken as the type specimen
of the teeth. The second premolar is relatively long
and narrow, and pm. 3 has a relatively low crown with an
extremely convex external vertical contour.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Cast of the left ramus of the mandible of a sub-adult indi-
vidual, showing the canine (not fully protruded) and the
four cheek-teeth. The original of this specimen is from
_ the Siwaliks of the Punjab, and is in the Indian Mu-
seum, Calcutta; it is described and figured by the present
writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 285,
pls. xxxvii-ix. fig. 1. It is referred to the present
species from its large size and its agreement with the
Dublin skull, especially in the presence of large fore-and-
aft talons to pm. 4; the preceding tooth exhibits a highly
convex external vertical contour. Purchased, 1884,
16565. Hinder portion of the right ramus of the mandible, showing
(f1g.)
the last three teeth in a much battered and worn con-
HYANIDA. 83
dition; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This
specimen is figured by Falconer and Cautley im the ‘ Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. M. fig. 1; and has been described
and figured by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 285, pl. xxxix. figs. 2, 2a.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842
39731. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible of a Hyzna, no
(Fig.)
improbably belonging to the present species; from the
Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen shows the
broken base of the canine, the second and third premolars,
and the carnassial; it is figured by Falconer and Cautley
in the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. M. figs. 5, 5a; and
is briefly noticed by the present writer in the ‘ Palzon-
tologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. i. p. 286, where it is pro-
visionally referred to the present species. It agrees with
No. M. 1549 in the long interval between pm. 3 and m. 1,
thus indicating the large size of pm. 4; but differs in having
a cingulum to m. 1, which is a character of the specimens
referred to the next species.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37141. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible of a Hyena,
(fg.)
M. 1550.
containing the last three cheek-teeth in a somewhat
broken condition ; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills.
This specimen has been figured by Falconer and Cautley
in the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, pl. M. fig. 7; and is
alluded to by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 287, and provisionally referred
to the present species’.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Cast of a fragment of the right ramus of the mandible of a
Hyena, containing the last three cheek-teeth in a middle
condition of wear. The original of this specimen is from
the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, and is preserved in the
Indian Museum, Calcutta: it is figured and described
by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. 11. p. 286, where it is provisionally referred to the
present species. Purchased, 1884,
+ The number is erroneously given 37140.
84 CARNIVORA.
16584. Distal extremity of the left ramus of the mandible of a
(fig.) Hyena, containing the broken base of the canine and the
three premolars; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills.
This specimen is figured by Falconer and Cautley in the
‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. M. fig. 3; and is alluded to
by the present writer in the ‘ Palzeontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. u. p. 287. Its teeth agree with those of No. 39731,
and the two evidently belong to the same species.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Hyzena colvini, Lydekker’.
This species is distinguished from the preceding one by the
larger size of the upper true molar, and by the taller and more
slender crown of the third upper premolar, and the shorter crown
of the second tooth of the same series; the first upper premolar is
absent. In the lower jaw the premolars are likewise tall and
slender, but there is very great difficulty in determining which jaws
belong to this specimen and which to the last. It is highly probable
that there isin reality an almost, or quite, complete passage from
the last to the present species.
Hab. India.
M. 1552. Cast of the cranium of an adult individual, containing
the third and fourth premolars of the right side, and
showing the broken bases of most of the other teeth, but
wanting the greater part of the left maxilla. The original
of this specimen, which is the type of the species, is from
the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, and is preserved in the
Indian Museum, Calcutta; a specimen in the Science
and Art Museum, Dublin, is believed to be the missing
portion of the left maxilla. The cranium is described and
figured by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’
ser. 10, vol. 11. p. 290, pl. xxxv. fig. 2. It shows that
pm. 3 is very different from the corresponding tooth of
H. felina in No, 37138. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1551. Cast of the cranium of an immature individual, showing
the bases of all the teeth and the complete pm.2, The
original of this specimen is from the Pliocene of the
Siwalik Hills, and is preserved in the Indian Museum,
? Palezontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. ii. p 290
(1884).
HYZANIDZ. 85
Calcutta. It is described and figured by the present
writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 292,
pls. xxxv. fig. 1, xxxvi. fig. 1, and exhibits the distinctive
characters of pm. 2, which tooth is very different from the
corresponding tooth of A. felina in No. 371388.
Purchased, 1884.
37139. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the last two pre-
(f7g.)
molars; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This
specimen, in which m. 1 has probably been broken away,
has been figured by Falconer and Cautley in the ‘ Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. L. fig. 7; and is described and
figured by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia In-
dica,” ser. 10; yol. un. -p. 293, pl. xxxv. a. fig. 1 The
teeth are very similar to those of the type cranium.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37139 a. The germ of a right upper carnassial tooth, probably be-
(fig.)
longing to the present species ; from the Pliocene of the
Siwalik Hills. This specimen is figured by Falconer and
Cautley in the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. L. fig. 9.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37140. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the last two pre-
(fg.)
molars and the true molar, in a slightly worn condition ;
from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen is
figured by Falconer and Cautley in the ‘Fauna Antiqua
Sivalensis,’ pl. L. fig. 5; and is described and figured by
the present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. ii. p. 293, pl. xxxv. a. figs. 3,3a. The teeth agree
very nearly with those of the type cranium.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
16578. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
(fig.)
last three cheek-teeth, in an unworn condition; from the
Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen is figured
by Falconer and Cautley in the ‘Fauna Antiqua Siva-
lensis ;’? and is described and figured by the present writer
in the ‘Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. i. p. 296,
fig. 14, from which the accompanying woodcut (fig. 8) is
taken. The teeth agree so closely with those of the type
cranium of the present species, that there is little doubt
86 CARNIVORA.
but that the specimen should be referred to the same
species. The premolars are very different from those of
the mandible (No. M. 1549) of H. felina, but they come
Hyena colvint.—Part of the right ramus of the mandible; from the Siwalik
Hills. }. (From the ‘ Paleontologia Indica.’)
very near to those of No. 16565. The present specimen
and No. M. 1549 have their teeth in precisely the same
condition of wear. There is a cingulum to m.1in the
present specimen, which is wanting in No. M. 1549,
although present in No. 39731.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
16526. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible of an imma-
(Ffig.) ture individual, containing the canine and the three pre-
molars; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This
specimen is figured by Falconer and Cautley in the ‘ Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. L. fig. 9, and is briefly mentioned
by the present writer in the ‘ Palaontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. il. p. 296. The teeth are similar to those of the last
specimen. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
~—
HY ZNIDZ. 87
M. 1553. Cast of a fragment of the left ramus of the mandible,
showing pm.4 and m.]. The original of this specimen is
from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, and is preserved in
the Indian Museum, Calcutta. It is described and figured
by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. i. p. 295, pls. xxxviii. fig. 3 and xxxix. fig. 4.
Purchased, 1842.
Hyzena eximia, Roth and Wagner’.
Syn. Hyena hipparionum, Suess (non Gerv.), in parte.
In this species m. I has a large talon, but no inner cusp; m. 1 is
large; pm. 1 1s present; and in one specimen pm. 1 is absent. Pm. 3
has no anterior talon; and in pm. 4 the inner tubercle is very small,
and the third lobe slightly larger than the second.
Hab. Greece and Hungary.
49673. Cast of the complete cranium and mandible, showing the
whole of the teeth, in a partially worn condition. The
first upper premolar is wanting on both sides, and there
is apparently no room for it on the left side. The original
is from the Lower Pliocene of Pikermi, Attica, and is pre-
served in the Museum at Munich. Purchased, 1879.
49678. Cast of the left ramus of the mandible of an immature
individual; the original is from the Lower Pliocene of
Pikermi, and is preserved in the Munich Museum.
Purchased, 1879.
Hyzena antiqua, Lankester’*.
Hab. England.
This is a very doubtful provisional species, founded upon the
evidence of the one tooth noticed below; it is said to be allied to
AA. striata,
37983. The third upper premolar from the Red Crag (Newer Plio-
(Fig.) cene) of Felixstowe, Essex. This specimen, which is the
type, is described and figured by Lankester in the Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xiii. p. 56, pl. viii. figs. 5, 6 (1864).
Purchased, 1864.
* Abh. math.-phys. Cl. k.-bay. Ak. Wiss. vol. vii. p. 396 (1854).
? Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xiii. p. 56 (1864).
88 CARNIVORA.
Hyena striata, Zimmermann’.
Syn. Hyena antiquorum, Temminck.
Hyena fasciata, Thunberg.
Hyena intermedia, M. de Serres.
Hyena monspessulana, Christol.
_ Hyena orientalis, Tiedmann.
Hyena prisca, M. de Serres.
Hyena veterum, Keempfer.
Hyena virgata, Gray.
Hyena vulgaris, Desmarest.
Euhyena striata, Falconer.
Canis hyena, Linneus.
In this species the lower carnassial has a large hind talon and
inner cusp, and the upper true molar is large; there are large fore-
and-aft talons to pm. 8, and the third lobe of pm. 4 is not larger than
the second. | .
Hab. South-western Asia and North Africa (Recent), and South
Europe (Pleistocene).
M. 469. Fragment of the left maxilla; from the Pleistocene(?) of
the Val d’Arno. This specimen contains the complete
carnassial, in a well-worn condition, the hinder half of
pm. 3, and the broken base. of m. 1,
Ennskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
Eiyzena sivalensis, Bose’.
Syn. H. sivalensis, Fale. and Caut. (i parte).
The permanent dentition of this species is mainly of the type of
Hyena striata, but differs by the presence of m.2. In this cha-
racter it agrees with the genus Hyenictis of Gaudry, but differs by
the absence of pm.1. ‘The absence of the latter, and the minute
size of m, 2 in one specimen, coupled with the one instance of the
presence of this tooth in H. crocuta, induces the present writer to
include Hycnictis in Hyena.
Hab. India.
37133. The nearly complete cranium; from the Pliocene of the
(fig.) Siwalik Hills, India. This specimen is figured by Falconer
and Cautley in the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. K.
figs. 2, 2a, 26, 2c, and in ‘Falconer’s Paleontological
? Specimen Zool. Geog. p. 366 (1777).
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p. 128 (1880). The name H. sivalensis,
Fale. and Caut., has been dropped. |
& Qh Voted Ose Gokse
HY NIDZ. 89
Memoirs,’ vol. i. pl. xxv. figs. 1-4, being in both instances
erroneously named Felis cristata. It is also described by
Bose in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p. 128 ;
and is described and figured by the present writer in the
‘Paleontologia Indica, ser. 10, vol. ii. pp. 304, 305,
pl. xxxiv. It is the type specimen of the species, and
exhibits the three last premolars and the first true molar,
the latter being of unusually large size; the sockets of
pm. 1 are also visible, as well as a portion of the canine of
the right side. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37136. Anterior portion of the cranium ; from the Pliocene of the
(fig.)
Siwalik Hills. This specimen is figured by Falconer and
Cautley in the ‘ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. K. figs. 4,
4a, 46; and has been noticed by the present writer in the
‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. u. p. 306. It has
been somewhat damaged by rolling, but comprises the
greater part of the skull as far back as the middle of the
prain-case, where it is broken off by an oblique fracture.
The teeth are much worn and broken; but the whole of
the four premolars are present, and the left pm. 4 exhibits
clearly the subequality in size of its three lobes. The
superior aspect is extremely like that of the skull of
Hi. striata; and the large postorbital processes of the
frontals are well displayed, and, in conjunction with the
corresponding zygomatic processes, enclose a large portion
of the hinder border of the orbit.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37134. The hinder portion of the cranium; from the Pliocene of
(f7g-)
the Siwalik Hills. This specimen is figured by Falconer
and Cautley in the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. K.
figs. 3, 3a, 3b; and is noticed by the present writer in
the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 306. It
agrees precisely in size and general form with the two
skulls noticed above, and doubtless belongs to the same
species. It exhibits the sagittal crest more fully deve-
loped than in the type skull, and is therefore nearer to
HZ, striata. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
16555. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible ; from
(Fy.)
the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen is figured
by Falconer and Cautley in the ‘ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’
pl. M. figs. 2, 2a; and is described and figured by the
90
M. 554.
CARNIVORA.
present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol, 11. p. 306, pl. xxxviil. fig. 5 and xxxix. fig. 7. lime
complete, with the exception of the summit of the coronoid
process, and shows the whole of the dentition, the cheek-
teeth being much worn and the greater part of the crown
of the canine broken away. A fragment of the right ramus
is attached to the symphysis; while the condyle is still
clasped by the glenoid cavity, which has been torn away
from the skull. Behind the carnassial there is the broken
root of an exceedingly minute m. 2, which the present
writer had not detected in the notice quoted above’. The
small size of this tooth evidently indicates one on the point
of disappearance; and from this circumstance, and the
absence of pm. 1 and its presence in H. (Hycnictis) graca,
the writer is not inclined to alter his previously expressed
opinion as to the advisability of including Hyenictis in
Hyena. | Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Cast of a fragment of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing pm. 4 and ym. I, in an unworn condition. The
original of this specimen was obtained from the Pliocene
Siwaliks of the Punjab, and is preserved in the Indian
Museum, Calcutta. It has been described and figured by
the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. ii. p. 307, pls. xxxviil. fig. 2 and xxxix. fig. 5.
Behind the carnassial there is the empty cylindrical
alveolus of a small second true molar, which must, how-
ever, have been considerably larger than the corresponding
tooth of the last specimen. In this specimen m,] has a
large talon (the summit broken) and a relatively small
blade, on the inner side of the hinder lobe of which there
is a small cusp. Purchased, 1884.
16585. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
(Fig.)
incisors, canine (broken), and the second and third pre-
molars; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This
specimen is figured by Falconer and Cautley in the
‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. M. figs. 6, 6a.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
15714. Distal portion of the right ramus of the mandible, showing
(Fig.)
pm. 2 and pm. 3, and the broken bases of the incisors,
canine, and pm. 4; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills.
1 It has been made visible by subsequent cleaning.
HY ZNID A, 91
This specimen is figured by Falconer and Cautley in the
‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. M. figs. 4, 4a; and is
mentioned by the present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 1. p. 308.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
14618. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, showing pm. 2
and pm. 3, in a well-worn condition ; from the Pliocene of
the Siwalik Hills. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
15917. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, showing pm. 2
and pm. 3, in a partially worn condition ; from the Pliocene
of the Siwalik Hills. Cawtley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Hyzena macrostoma, Lydekker’.
In this species, which is apparently closely allied to the Pikermi
H. cheretis, the first lower premolar is present, and it is highly
probable that m.2 was likewise present. The cheek-teeth and
cranium exhibit many well-marked canoid and viverroid characters.
Since describing this species in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ the
writer has noticed that H. cheretis, Gaudry, has been referred by
Hensel, in the Monatsb. k. preuss. Ak. Wiss. 1862 (volume for 1863),
p- 567, to a distinct genus, under the name of Lycyena. The pre-
sent species would likewise belong to the same genus ; but the writer
being strongly opposed to the multiplication of generic terms, prefers
to continue to class it with Hyena and to abolish the term Lycyena.
Hab. India.
M. 1547. Cast of the nearly complete cranium, with the crowns of
all the teeth, except one carnassial and the true molars,
hammered off. The original of this specimen, which is the
type of the species, was obtained from the Siwaliks of the
Punjab, and is preserved in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
- It is described and figured by the present writer in the
‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 11. p. 298, pls. xxxvi.
fig. 2 and xxxvii. . Purchased, 1884.
M. 1548. Cast of the anterior part of the left ramus of the mandible.
The original of this specimen was obtained from the
Siwaliks of the Punjab, and is preserved in the Indian
Museum, Calcutta. It is described and figured by the
present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. u. p. 301, pls. xxxviil. fig. 4 and xxxix. fig. 6. The
specimen shows anteriorly the broken bases of two incisors,
* Paleontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Sury. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 298 (1884).
p
92 CARNIVORA.
the base of the canine, of pm.1 and pm. 2, the nearly
complete pm. 3 and pm. 4, and the alveoli of m.1, behind
which it is broken off. Part of the summit of pm. 4 has
been carried away; but this and the preceding tooth are
otherwise nearly perfect, and being considerably worn
indicate that the jaw belonged to a fully adult animal.
The two remaining premolars are constructed on the type
of those of Hywna, but are considerably longer and
narrower than those of any existing species of the genus.
Purchased, 1884.
ae
%
a
a
SPECIFICALLY UNDETERMINED Hy#na-ReEMAINS.
From the Plocene of the Swahk Hills, India.
37137. Fragment of a right maxilla, containing the broken base of
(Fig.) pm. 1, the other three premolars in a half-worn condition,
and the base of m.1. ‘This specimen is figured by Falconer
and Cautley in the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. L.
figs. 6, 6a; and is noticed and figured by the present
writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. i.
p- 309, who was unable to refer it to either of the four
species of Siwalik Hyzenas noticed above.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
39718. Anterior extremity of a cranium, in a much-damaged con-
(fig.) dition. This specimen is figured’ by Falconer and Cautley
in the ‘ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. L. figs. 1,la. It
exhibits the base of a pm. 1.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
15915. The occipital half of the base of a cranium.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
16583. Fragment of the right maxilla and premaxilla, showing the
(Fig.) incisors, canine, and the alveoli of pm. 1! and pm. 2. This
specimen, which belongs to an immature individual, is
figured by Falconer and Cautley in the ‘ Fauna Antiqua
Sivalensis,’ pl. L. fig. 2; and not improbably belongs to
Hf, swalensis. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
39719. The right premaxilla, containing the three incisors. This
(fig.) specimen is figured by Falconer and Cautley in the ‘ Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. L. fig. 3.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
15916. The olecranal extremity of the left ulna of a Carnivore, pro-
VIVERRIDZ. 93
bably belonging to the present genus. This bone differs
from the ulna of Hycna crocuta in the less-complete deve-
lopment of the lower sigmoid cavity and in the wider
posterior surface ; the two are, however, in other respects
very similar. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Genus LEPTHY ENA, Lydekker’.
Dentition :—I. s, C. i Pm. ?, M. c
Lepthyzena sivalensis, Lydekker’.
Syn. Ictitherium sivalense, Lydekker ’.
Hab. India.
1555-6. Casts of two associated fragments of the mandible, con-
taining the two last premolars, the carnassial (imperfect
posteriorly), and the alveolus of mz. ‘The original of
this specimen, which is the type of the genus and species,
is preserved in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, and was
obtained from the Siwaliks of the Punjab. It is described
and figured by the present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 312, pl. xlv. figs. 8, 9, 9a.
Purchased, 1884.
Family VIVERRIDA.
Genus ICTITHERIUM, Wagner’.
Syn. Thallasictis, P. Gervais’ (ex Nordmann).
Galeotherium, Wagner’.
Palhyena, P. Gervais’.
Be 3 1 4 2
Dentition reste 3 0. LP Pm. re M. 3°
Ictitherium hipparionum (P,. Gervais’).
Syn. Hyena hipparionum, P. Gervais’.
Palhyena hipparionum, P. Gervais
Hab, Europe.
1 Palzontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 312 (1884).
2 Ree. Geol. Surv. Ind. vol. x. p. 382 (1877), Letitherium. 8 Loe. cit.
* Abh, math.-phys. Cl. k.-bay. Ak. Wiss. vol. v. pt. 2, p. 885 (1848).
° Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 1st ed. vol. i. p. 120 (1848-52).
® Abh. math.-phys. Cl. k.-bay. Ak. Wiss. vol. iii. pl. i. (1840). This name
has the priority over Jetitherium.
T Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. p. 242 (1858).
8 Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. ser. 3, vol. v. p. 261 (1846), Hyena. 9 Jbid.
1° Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. p. 242 (1858).
94. CARNIVORA.
28121. A metatarsal and a proximal phalangeal; from the Lower
Pliocene of Cucuron (Vaucluse), France.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Ictitherium robustum (P. Gervais’).
Syn. Thallasictis robusta, P. Gervais’.
Letitherium viverrinum, Roth and Wagner’.
Hab. Kurope.
49676. Cast of the cranium and mandible. The originals are in the
Museum at Munich, and were obtained from the Lower
Pliocene of Pikermi, Attica. Purchased, 1879.
Genus PALHIOPRIONODON, Filhol*.
Dentition :—I. 5 C. x Pm. s, M. =. The second lower molar is
small, and there is a minute inner cusp to m. 1, by which the genus
is distinguished from the musteline genus Pleswctis. The genus
seems to pass almost insensibly in one direction into the feline genus
Pseudelurus, and in another through Stenoplesictis to Cynodictis.
The lower teeth are exceedingly like those of Prionodon.
Palzoprionodon mutabilis, Filhol’.
Syn. Plesiogale mutabilis, Filhol.
Paleoprionodon lamandim, Filhol.
Paleoprionodon lamandim, var. mutabilis, Filhol.
History. In 1877 Filhol (Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. viii. art. 1, p. 42,
vol. vil. pl. xxv. figs.° 110-118) described and figured certain
mandibles of a viverrine Carnivore under the name of Plesiogale
mutabilis. In 1880 (Compt. Rend. vol. xc. p. 1579) he described
another lower jaw under the name Palwoprionodon lamandin. In
1882 (Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, p. 68, pl. iv. fig. 4) the
same writer figured and fully described the lower jaw on which that
species was founded. At the same time (eid. p. 74) he came to the
conclusion that the so-called Plesiogale mutabilis was only a variety
of Paleoprionodon lamandini, and proposed to call’ it by the name
of Palwoprionodon lamandini, var mutabils. It is clear, however,
1 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, Ist ed. vol. i. p. 120 (1848-52), Thallasictis.
2 Tbid.
3 Abh. math.-phys. Cl. k.-bay. Ak. Wiss. vol. viii. pt. 1, figs. 5, 6 (1857).
* Comptes Rendus, vol. xe. p. 1579 (1880). :
5 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. viii. art. 1, p. 42 (1877), Plesiogale.
® There is some incorrectness in the references to these figures.
‘
VIVERRIDZ. 95
that the name mutabilis has the priority and must stand for the
species, the type of which will be the original Plessogale mutabilis ;
the name
lamandini, if employed at all, should be used in a varietal
sense for the form with a large m. 2, figured in the Ann. Soc. Sci.
Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, pl. iv. fig. 4.
Hab. France.
M. 1643.
M. 1369.
Two specimens of part of the right ramus of the mandible,
showing the third and fourth premolars, the carnassial,
and the alveoli of m.2 and the other teeth; from the
Upper Eocene of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot), France.
These specimens appear to agree precisely with the form
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xxy.
figs. 112, 113, under the name of Plesiogale mutabilis.
Purchased, 1884.
The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing the canine and all the cheek-teeth except pm. I
(of which the crown is broken off); from the Upper EKocene
of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This specimen
appears to agree precisely with the mandible figured by
Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vil. pl. xxv. figs. 110, 111,
under the name of Plesiogale mutabilis, and that in the
Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, pl. iv. fig. 1,
under the name of Paleoprionodon lamandini, var. muta-
belis; both these specimens differing slightly from the
preceding specimens. Purchased, 1884.
Palzeoprionodon, sp.
Hab. Kurope.
M. 1370.
M. 1644.
The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the canine and all the cheek-teeth ; from the Upper
Eocene of Caylux. In this specimen the length of the space
occupied by the last four cheek-teeth is the same as in No.
M.1369 ; the interval between pm. 3 and the canine is, how-
ever, considerably less, and pm.2 is smaller. The second
true molar is small, and there is a distinct inner cusp to
the carnassial. tt is not improbable that these differences
should be regarded as of specific value. Purchased, 1884.
Symphysial extremity of the left ramus of the mandible,
very similar to the last specimen ; from the Upper Eocene
of Bach. Purchased, 1884.
96 CARNIVORA.
Palzoprionodon, sp.
Hab. France.
M.1371. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible,
containing the canine and all the cheek-teeth except
pm.1; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-
Garonne), France. In this specimen the space occupied
by the cheek-teeth is the same as in No. M.1370; but
pm. 2 is larger, the crowns of the other cheek-teeth lower,
and the ramus of the jaw considerably more slender.
These distinctive characters are not improbably of specific
value. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1373. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible;
from the Upper Eocene of Caylux. This specimen, which
is in every respect similar to the last, contains. the last
three cheek-teeth and the alveoli of the first three pre-
molars and the canine. Purchased, 1884.
Genus STENOPLESICTIS, Filhol’.
Dentition :—I. = C. = Pm. - M. 5. The present genus connects
Paleoprionodon with Cynodictis; and also presents an approxi-
mation to the Mustelide. In typical forms the lower carnassial has
a distinct inner cusp, but this disappears in some varieties ; the last
lower premolar has fore-and-aft talons. The characters of the
upper dentition will be gathered from the description of the speci-
men noticed below.
Stenoplesictis cayluxi, Filhol”.
Hab. France.
M. 1723, The cranium, imperfect anteriorly and posteriorly ; from
(Fig.) the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France.
A specimen of the cranium has been described by Filhol in
the Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, pp. 66-7,
but is not figured. The present specimen, which is repre-
sented in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 9), agrees pre-
cisely with the description of the type specimen; the
length of the space occupied by the cheek-teeth being
0,0255 in the present and 0,027 in the type specimen.
* Comptes Rendus, vol. xci. p. 345 (1880).
2 Loc, cit.
VIVERRID&. 97
On the left side the specimen shows the alveolus of the
canine, the broken base of pm. 1, the other three premolars
in a perfect condition, the broken base of m.1, and the
extremely minute alveolus’ of m.2. The right side shows
the last three premolars and the first true molar, in an
uninjured condition. ‘The first three premolars agree very
Fig. 9.
AS
wan eo eee ene =e
Stenoplesictis cayluxt.—Palatal aspect of the cranium ;
from the Upper Eocene of Caylux. 1}.
closely with those of Viverra malaccensis ; the third tooth
wanting the inner cusp which occurs in Herpestes. The
inner tubercle of the carnassial is small, as in Mustela.
The first true molar is similar to that of Herpestes; and
the alveolus of the second molar is only slightly smaller
than in some species of the same genus. The posterior
border of the palate extends only a slight distance behind
the last molar, which is a character of some species of
Viverra (woodcut, fig. 10, p. 98), and is different from
Herpestes and Mustela. The elongated form of the skull
is a viverrine character. In the mandible (Filhol, Ann.
Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, pl. vi. figs. 7, 8, 9)
the inner cusp of the carnassial is less distinct than in
1 This ismade rather too large in the figure
98
CARNIVORA.
Herpestes, and the anterior talon of pm. 4 is more strongly
developed’.
On the whole it appears that the present form is de-
cidedly a viverrine; and presents well-marked affinities
both with Viwerra and Herpestes. In the tendency to the
disappearance of m. 2 and the form of the upper carnassial
there are indications of a transition to Prionodon and the
musteline genus Plesictis, which presents viverrine affi-
nities in the form of m. 1, Purchased, 1884.
Genus VIVERRA, Linn.’
Dentition :—I. 4 C. 5 Pm. 2M, The accompanying wood-
G—)
cut (fig. 10) shows the characters of the upper dentition in the
existing Viverra zibetha of India.
Fig. 10.
NO il
CN
} Vi
|
Viverra zibetha, Linn.—Palate. 3. (From the ‘ Palzontologia Indica.’)
ee
1 The mandible of the present form is much larger than that of Herpestes
minimus (woodeut, fig. 12, p. 101); and is also distinguished by the higher
crowns of the teeth, the shorter m. 2, and the presence of a distinct anterior talon
to m. 4.
2 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 63 (1766).
ee ee ee
TS tes Tt eet Ste
VIVERRIDZ. 99
Viverra bakeri, Bose’.
Syn. Canis? sp., Fale. and Caut.
Hab. India.
40183. Cranium, much damaged posteriorly and superiorly, but
(Fig.
exhibiting the last four cheek-teeth of either side; from
the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India. This specimen,
which is the-type, is figured by Falconer and Cautley in
the ‘ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. Q. figs. 1, la, 16, Le,
where it is doubtfully referred to Canis; and is described
and figured by the present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia
indien, ser. 10; vols 1. p. 269, pl. xxxim. fies, 1, Ia@.- In
the relative size of the carnassial teeth this specimen is
nearer to V. zibetha than to V. civetia, from which it is
concluded that the species cannot in all probability have
been the ancestor of the African V. civetta; it is, however,
extremely probable that it may have given rise to the
Indian V. zibetha, the reduced size of the true molars of the
latter being a later specialization.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
40180. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing pm.4 and m.1;
(Fig)
from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen
is figured by Falconer and Cautley in the ‘ Fauna Antiqua
Sivalensis,’ pl. Q. fig. 3; and is described and figured by
the present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. il. p. 270, pl. xxxiu. fig. 2.
~Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Viverra durandi, Lydekker’.
Syn. (?) Canis, sp., Falc. and Caut.
Hab. India.
M. 1338. Cranium, wanting the anterior portion; from the Plio-
(d%ig.)
cene of the Siwalik Hills, India. This specimen, which is
the type of the species, shows the last three cheek-teeth of
either side in fair preservation. On the left side the zygo-
matic arch is preserved; but the specimen is so fragile
that it has not been deemed advisable to clear it from the
matrix. It is described and figured by the present writer
2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p. 131 (1880).
* Palzontologia Indica (Mem, Geol. Surv. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 271
(1884).
no
1CO' 5 CARNIVORA.
in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 271,
pl. xxxuii. fig. 3. This species is the largest known
Civet; and in respect of dental characters is more nearly
allied to the Indian V. zibetha and V. bakeri than to the
African V. civetta ; presenting in some respects characters
intermediate between the two former. In its cranial cha-
racters it is markedly distinct from each of the other three
species. Presented by Prof. George Busk, 1883.
37150. Anterior portion of the cranium, wanting the extremity of
(fig.) the premaxille and all the teeth, which have fallen from
their sockets; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills.
This specimen is figured by Falconer and Cautley in
the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pl. Q. figs. 2, 2a, where
it is doubtfully referred to Canis; and is described by
the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. u. p. 2738. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
$7131. Hinder portion of the cranium of a large Civet, apparently
belonging to the present species ; from the Pliocene of the
Siwalik Hills. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Viverra hastingsiz, Davies’.
This species is about the size of Canis vulpes, and presents cha-
racters connecting it with Herpestes and Cynodictis ; its nearest
ally probably being Viverra antiqua of the Lower Miocene of
St. Gérand-le-Puy.
Hab. England.
30203. The associated cranium and mandible ; from the Headon beds
(fig.) (Upper Eocene) of Hordwell, Hampshire. This specimen
is the type of the species, and is described and figured by
Davies in the Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i. p. 433, pl. xv.
The specimen, which is figured in the woodcuts (figs. 11
and 12), is on the whole in very perfect condition, and
exhibits all the dentition. The anterior cervical vertebra
are still in contact with the occiput. The penultimate
upper premolar (pm. 3, fig. 12) exhibits an inner cusp, as
in Herpestes. The upper carnassial (pm. 4, fig. 12) and
the true molars (m. 1, m. 2) are also like the corresponding
teeth of that genus. The inner cusp of m. J is largely
developed. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
1 Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i. p. 487 (1884).
VIVERRIDZ&. 101
Viverra hastingsie.—Masticatory aspect of the right upper cheek-
dentition of the same specimen as fig. 12.
——
C&S \\ \ “ SS
oe
= \\
Viverra hastingsie.—Cranium and mandible from the Headon beds of Hord-
well, The two lower figures show the upper and outer aspects of the right
ramus of the mandible. }.
102 CARNIVORA.
Viverra angustidens, Filhol’.
Hab. France.
M. 1358. Anterior portion of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the canine and the four premolars, the crown of
pm. 1 being broken off; from the Upper Kocene of Caylux
(Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This specimen agrees with the
type mandible figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Geéol.
vol. vii. pl. xxvi. figs. 121—2, in the extremely minute size of
pm.1; pm. 2 is, however, rather smaller in the present
specimen than in the type, and has apparently but one root.
Purchased, 1884.
Genus AMPHICTIS, Pomel’.
This genus is mainly distinguished from existing species of Viverra
by the form of the second lower true molar, which is elongated and
implanted by two distinct roots.
Amphictis antiqua, Pomel’.
The mandible of this species was originally referred by De Blain-
ville to his Viverra antiqua (Herpestes antiquus, Pomel), and a simi-
lar specimen is figured by P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Frangaises,
2nd ed. pl. xxviil. figs. 8, 8a, under the same name, although a
doubt is expressed in the text as to the correctness of the generic
reference. It has beeen shown by Filhol* that there is a very con-
siderable probability that the mandibles which he has figured under
the name of Herpestes antiquus ” are really those of Viverra antiqua.
The length of the space occupied by the six cheek-teeth in those
specimens is 0,041.
Hab. France.
31057. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the last three premolars, the anterior half of m.1, and the
alveoli of the canine and pm. 1; from the Lower Miocene of
St. Gérand-le-Puy (Allier), France. This specimen appears
to agree exactly with the mandible figured by P. Gervais in
the Zool. et Pal. Francaises, 2nd ed. pl. xxviii. figs. 8, 8a,
under the name of Viverra antiqua, which is very similar
1 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. art. 7, p. 144 (1876).
2 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 63 (1858).
3 [bid.
4 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 166.
> The description in the text is headed Herpestes priscus, but in the Arch.
Mus. Lyon, vol. iii. art. i. p. 63, this is corrected.
VIVERRIDZ. 103
to the specimens figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. x. pl. xxiv. figs. 1-4, under the name of Amphictis
antiqua. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31058. The left ramus of the mandible of an immature individual,
showing the milk and permanent dentition; from the
Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31058 a. The distal half of the femur; apparently associated with
the last. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Amphictis, sp. (cf. A. leptorhyncha, Pomel’).
Hab. France.
26705. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible,
showing the alveoli of the canine and pm. 1, the other
three premolars in a perfect condition, and the alveoli of
the two true molars; from the Lower Miocene of St.
Gérand-le-Puy (Allier), France. This specimen differs
from the mandible of A. antiqua (No. 31037) by its
generally more slender form, by the absence of a distinct
interval between pm. 1 and pm. 2, and the presence of one
between pm. 2 and pm. 3. ‘In these respects the specimen
appears to agree with Pomel’s A. leptorhyncha, of which it
is not improbable that the present specimen is the type *.
In the Zool. et Pal. Franeaises, 2nd ed. p. 228, it is stated
that this specimen had been referred by Pomel to the genus
Amplicneumon. The length of the space occupied by the
six cheek-teeth is 0,039; and the second true molar is
inserted by two distinct fangs.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
Gernvs, non det.
Hab. France.
M. 1381. The hinder portion of the cranium of a Viverroid, not
improbably belonging either to Viverra or Amphictis ; from
the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France.
This specimen is considerably smaller than the cranium of
Viverra antiqua figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
Vol: a7, pl aux: Purchased, 1884.
1 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 63 (1853).
2 Wilhol (Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 176) mentions that he could find
no specimen referable to this species.
104 CARNIVORA.
Genus HERPESTES, Illiger’.
Dentition :-—I. 2 ee : Pam eg 9, M. = é In existing forms theinner
cusp of the lower ee is well ieee and its talon short.
m. 2 is short, with three main cusps; pm. 4 has a cusp on its poste-
rior cutting-edge. Fossil forms seem to indicate a complete tran-
sition from Vwerra to Herpestes.
Herpestes minimus (Filhol’).
Syn. Viverra minima, Filhol *.
Hab. France.
M. 1372. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
(fig.) containing all the cheek-teeth, and showing the broken
base of the canine; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux
(Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This specimen, which is
represented in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 13), on an
Fig. 13.
Herpestes minimus.—Part of the right ramus of the mandible ;
from the Upper Eocene of Caylux. 3.
enlarged scale, appears to agree exactly with the less per-
fect specimen figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. vill. pl. xx. figs. 334, 336, under the name of Viverra
minima, The first premolar is present, and of compara-
tively large size; and there is a large inner cusp to the
carnassial. The space occupied by the six cheek-teeth
measures 0,022, or the same as in the type specimen.
The present specimen is very slightly larger than the
mandible of the existing Indian Herpestes nipalensis, but is
otherwise very similar. The only points of difference,
indeed, between the two are that m. 2 is relatively larger in
the fossil, that the cusp on the posterior cutting-edge of
pm. 4 is placed on the median line, instead of to the outer
? Prodromus Syst. Mamm. p. 185 (1811).
? Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. art. 7, p. 150 (1876), Viverra.
3 Loc. cit.
VIVERRID 4. 105
side, as is generally the case in existing species, and that
the anterior border of the coronoid process inclines back-
ward to a considerably greater extent, thus indicating a
form of jaw of inferior biting-power. The lower jaw of
the existing African H. gracilis is also of nearly the same
size as the fossil, but, in addition to the points distinguishing
the jaw of H. nipalensis from the latter, differs in the very
general absence of pm. 1 and the considerably smaller size
of that tooth when present. It does not appear that any
other of the living species (most of which are of consider-
ably larger size) comes so near to the fossil as H. nipa-
lensis. Although the lower teeth of Genetta are very like
those of Herpestes*, yet the inner cusp of the carnassial is
usually less strongly developed in the former, and in this
respect the fossil differs from the smaller Genets, although
the form of the hinder part of the jaw is more like that of
Genetta. The extremely close resemblance of the denti-
tion of the fossil to H. nipalensis renders it extremely
probable that it should be referred to the same genus
rather than to Viverra.
All the sufficiently described fossil species of the genus
are of considerably larger size than the present specimen ;
and this is especially the case with H. crassus, Filhol’, and
the so-called H. antiquus*, Pomel, which appears to be the
same as Viverra antiqua, Blainv.
It may be added that the present specimen is distin-
guished from Mustela gracilis* by the absence of any
interval between the anterior premolars, by the larger size
of pm. 1, of the inner cusp of m. 1 (which is only rudimen-
tary in that form), and of m.2. It is distinguished from
Cynodietis exilis*, which is of nearly the same size, by the
absence of m. 3, and by the larger and lower crown of the
carnassial, which does not exceed the height of the pre-
molars®. daha Purchased, 1884.
1 Vide Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1882, p. 177.
2 Arch. Mus. Lyon, vol. iii. p. 63, pl. iv. figs. 10, 11.
° Vide Filhol, Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, pp. 161-163, pl. xxiv. figs. 5-9
(wrongly named #. priscus in letterpress, vide Arch. Mus. Lyon, Joc. cit.).
* Vide Filbol, Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. viii. art. 1, p. 45, Plesiogale.
® Ibid. vol. vii. art. 7, pl. xxiv. figs. 97-101 (misnamed Cynodictis gracilis in
the description of the plates; the real mandible of the latter is represented in
vol. viii. pl. xx. fig. 337).
° The present specimen has been already referred to Herpestes by the present
writer in the Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i. p. 442 (1884).
106 CARNIVORA.
M. 1374. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing all the cheek-teeth except pm.1; from the
Upper Eocene of Caylux. This specimen is precisely
similar to the last. Purchased, 1884. —
Genus non det. (serial position wncertuin).
Hab. England.
36791. Portion of the cranium; from the Headon beds (Upper
Eocene) of Hordwell, Hampshire. This specimen has been
described by Davies in the Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i. p. 487
(1884), who was unable to determine its affinities. It
indicates an animal of considerably larger dimensions than
Viverra hastingsie (p. 100). It shows a canine and three
premolars in fair preservation; and one premolar and a
carnassial, with their crowns broken, are present in their
respective alveoli. Presented by Samuel Laing, Esq., 1862.
Family URSIDZ.
In the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. pp. 202-204, the
present writer has shown that it is impossible to draw any distinc-
tion of more than generic value between the Canoids and the Ursoids.
and he accordingly united the two modern families of the Canide
and Urside, adopting the latter name as the family one’. The same
arrangement has been adopted in the present work. It may, how-
ever, be observed that there are almost equally strong reasons for
uniting the Canoids and Viverroids; but as it is absolutely necessary
to have a certain number of divisions, the family Viverride is
maintained.
Although, as above said, it is logically impossible to draw any
divisions of family value between the different genera of the Urside
as thus extended, yet the convenience of having some division for
working purposes among such a multitude of genera is so great, that
it will be found advisable to rank the most Bear-like genera under
one arbitrary group, and the most Dog-like under another. These
two groups may respectively be termed Ursinew and Canine, and
their most typical representatives will be the members of the modern
families Urside and Canidw. The genus Dinocyon will be ranked
under the first group, on account of at least one of the species
1 Were it not for the inadvisability of introducing new terms, and the in-
trinsic objection to the name Hyenarctos, the name Hyenarctide would be in
many respects more advisable for the family name.
URSIDZ. 107
referred to it’ having an upper carnassial of the Hyenarctos type ;
but it must be distinctly understood that its separation from the
true Dogs is a purely arbitrary one, it being connected with the
group through Cephalogale just as intimately as it is with the Bears
through Hycenarctos.
Subfamily Caninz#.
Genus CYNODICTIS, Bravard and Pomel’.
Dentition and Affinities—In typical forms the dentition of this
genus 1s numerically the same as that of typical forms of Canis, or
|i = C. = Pm. 7 M. = In some species, e. g. C. compressidens, how-
ever, the last lower molar is normally very small, and in some in-
stances is entirely absent’®; those races in which this tooth is absent
being frequently distinguished by the varietal name of viverroides.
In those races the dentition is very close to,certain Viverroids (e. g.
Amphactis and Herpestes), the blade of the lower carnassial being
tall and the inner cusp large, and placed relatively far forwards, the
‘“‘cusp-line” being transverse. The dentition of Herpestes is, however,
distinguished by the presence of an inner cusp to the upper third
premolar, and by the smaller size of the second lower true molar.
In other forms (e. g. C. leptorhyncha*) the blade of the lower car-
nassial is relatively low, the inner cusp small, and the “ cusp-line ”
slightly oblique; and the dentition is then but very slightly removed
from that of some of the least)specialized species of Canis, like the
existing C. bengalensis and the fossil Indian C. curvipalatus (although
a “meinocreodont” character is more marked in the Cynodictis) ;
and it thus seems probable that there is an almost perfect transition
from Cynodictis to Canis, the genera Cynodon (distinguished by the
absence of a cusp on the posterior cutting-edge of pm. 4) and Amphi-
cynodon being allied forms. One variety of C. leptorhyncha has,
however, lost its last lower molar, and thereby shows a viverrine
1 Tt should be observed that the writer, after a suggestion of Filhol, refers the
so-called Hyenarctos hemicyon to this genus, under the name of Dinocyon
hemicyon (vide ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ op. cit.).
2 Notice sur les Ossemens Fossiles de la Débruge, p. 5 (1850). This refer-
ence is given by P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. p. 216. The
present writer has been unable to find the memoir quoted in any of the lists to
which he has access, and it is probable that it was published on the Continent
in a separate form, and that copies never reached the English scientific libraries.
The writer is unable to say whether any specific names were given in this
memoir.
8 Vide Filhol, Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882 (‘Notes sur quel-
ques Mammiféres fossiles des Phosphorites du Quercy’’).
4. Vide Filhol, Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pls. xxi., xxii.
108 CARNIVORA.
tendency. Huxley has indicated a strong resemblance between the
skulls of some species of Cynodictis and certain existing American
forms of Canis; and the close resemblance of the skeleton of Cyno-
dictis to that of Amphicyon has been noticed by Filhol, who has also
shown that in some of the larger forms the lower dentition is very
like that of Amphicyon, which is again very like Cephalogale. The
humerus of Oynodvetis (or, at all events, of most of the species) had
an entepicondylar foramen, thereby differing from that of Canis,
and agreeing with Viverra, Amphicyon, and Cephalogale.
It thus appears that Cynodictis is an extremely generalized genus,
connecting the Viverroids and the Canoids so intimately that it is
almost impossible to say with which family it should be classed.
Future discoveries will probably ere long render it impracticable to
generically distinguish Herpestes, Amphictis, Cynodictis, and Canis
from one another, or from the forms to which the names a
cynodon and Cynodon have been applied.
In quite another direction Filhol* has indicated that in those
forms of Cynodictis in which the last lower molar is absent there is
a complete passage through Stenoplesictis to Palwoprionodon (vide
Ann. Soe. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, pp. 67-8); while from
the former the transition to the musteline genus Plesictis is gradual,
and the latter is but slightly removed from the feline Pseudelurus.
Cynodictis lacustris, P. Gervais’.
Syn. C. mungoides and C. antiqua, Bravard, MS.
Hab. France.
27572. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing m. 1, m.2, and a
portion of pm. 4; from the Upper Eocene of Apt (Vaucluse),
France. These teeth, although more perfect, appear to be
indistinguishable from the corresponding type specimens
figured by P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Francaises, 2nd ed.
pl. xxv. fig. 2; together with the next specimen, they are
entered in Bravard’s MS. Catalogue in the Museum as
C. mungoides, Bravard’.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
27573. Portion of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
1 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. viii. art. 1, p. 49, and Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat.
Toulouse, op. cit.
2 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 1st ed. vol. i. p. 183 (1848-52). The present ah
is unacquainted with the date of publication of this portion of the work.
This name, together with the names C. dubia (non Filhol), C. antiqua,
and C. angustidens, occurs in some (apparently) unpublished plates of Bra-
yard’s in the Museum, in which the specimens noticed above are figured.
\
4
q
:
4
A
.
~,
URSID®. 109
last three premolars, the carnassial, and m.2; from the
Upper Eocene of Apt. The dentition of this specimen
appears to agree precisely with that of the mandible figured
by P. Gervais (op. cit. fig. 1).
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28122. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, showing the last
three premolars; from the Upper Kocene of Apt. In this
specimen pm. 4 is rather larger than in No. 27573, and the
ramus is somewhat deeper; it is, however, very doubtful
if these differences can be considered more than individual
characters. The present specimen is entered in Bravard’s
Catalogue as C. antiqua, Bravard.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28123. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the whole of the teeth in a damaged condition and
the perfect lower carnassial of the opposite side; from the
Upper Hocene of Apt. These specimens are precisely similar
to No. 27578. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28124. Detached teeth provisionally referred to this species ; from
the Upper Eocene of Apt.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Cynodictis crassidens, Filhol’.
This is a large species, which, in the small size and backward
position of the inner cusp of the lower carnassial and the low crown
of its blade, connects the more Viverroid species (e.g. C. compres-
sidens) with Amphicyon and Canis.
Hab. France.
M. 1664. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the second premolar, the carnassial, the second true
molar, and the alveoli of the other cheek-teeth; from the
Upper Eocene of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot), France.
This specimen agrees precisely with the less perfect: portion
of the mandible figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. vil. pl. xvil. figs. 50, 51... The space occupied by the
seven cheek-teeth is 0,070. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1661. Two specimens of the middle portion of the right ramus of
the mandible, containing the second and third premolars
and the carnassial; from the Upper Eocene of Bach.
Purchased, 1884.
* Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 6, vol. xi. pp. 16-21 (1874).
110 CARNIVORA.
M. 1662. Hinder portion of the left ramus of the mandible, showing
the carnassial, m.2, and the alveolus of m. 3, with the
complete coronoid process; from the Upper Eocene of
Bach. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1663. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, showing the
second true molar; from the Upper Kocene of Bach.
Purchased, 1884.
Cynodictis gryei, Filhol’.
A large species, with “ microdont” and ‘“ meionocreodont” denti-
{ions |
Hab. France.
M. 1368. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the last four
(Fig.) cheek-teeth ; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-
Garonne), France. This specimen (woodcut, fig. 14)
Fig. 14.
Cynodictis gryet, Filhol.—Fragment of the left maxilla; from the
1
Upper Hocene of Caylux. j.
agrees precisely with the type cranium figured by Filhol
in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xix. fig. 60, but shows
m. 2, which is wanting in that specimen. This tooth is
remarkable for the great development of its inner portion,
and the extremely low elevation of the cusps on the crown.
_ A similar character is presented by m. 3, and the carnassial
is also remarkable for its antero-posterior shortness and
great transverse breadth. In all these characters there is
good evidence of the species belonging to a very primitive
type. Purchased, 1884.
1 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. art. 7, p. 74 (1876).
URSIDA. Tet
Cynodictis longirostris, Filhol’.
This species has been hitherto known only by the mandible, which
is of an elongated form, and indicates a medium-sized species. The
crown of the lower carnassial is comparatively low.
Hab. France.
‘MM. 1665.
M. 1666.
(g.)
Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
m. 2 and the alveolus of m. 3, apparently belonging to this
species ; from the Upper Eocene of Bach, near Lalbenque
(Lot), France. Purchased, 1884.
Anterior portion of the cranium of a Cynodictis ; from
the Upper Eocene of Bach. ‘This specimen, of which the
left half is figured, from the palatal aspect, in the accom-
panying woodcut (fig. 15), differs from the crania of any
Fig. 15.
Cynodictis longirostris (?).—Left half of the palate ;
from the Upper Eocene of Bach. }j.
species figured by Filhol. It agrees so well with the man-
dible of CO. longirostris in size and general character that
it may not improbably belong to that species, although,
from the number of species of the genus described on the
1 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. iii, art. 7, p. 24 (1872).
Li CARNIVORA.
evidence of the mandible, it is very difficult to make any
certain determinations of the corresponding crania. The
whole of the cheek-teeth are shown on the left side, and —
the first incisor of the same side is also in situ, the other
teeth being represented merely by their alveoli. The first
premolar is small and one-rooted, and is separated by a
considerable interval from pm. 2, which is likewise small,
and separated by an interval from pm. 3; the latter has
a minute cusp on its posterior cutting-edge. The carnas-
sial is a relatively short tooth, with a well-developed inner
tubercle. The true molars are transversely elongated.
The cranium seems not dissimilar in shape and size to that
of Cynodictis grye (Filbol, op. cit. vol. vil. pl. xix.) ; but
the two are very readily distinguished by the different form
of the teeth (compare woodcut, fig. 14). Purchased, 1884.
M. 1667. Anterior portion of the right ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the third and fourth premolars and the alveolus of
the canine; from the Upper Eocene of Bach.
Purchased, 1884.
Cynodictis compressidens, Filhol’.
Syn. Cynodictis angustidens, Pomel and Bravard, MS. (?).
This is a medium-sized species, with relatively well-developed
teeth, the cusps of the lower carnassial being very tall. In one race
m.2is absent. The species has not hitherto been recorded from
Vaucluse.
Hab. France.
M. 1352. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible ;
from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne),
France. This specimen appears to agree precisely with
the type mandible figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. vii. pl. xxv. figs. 117-119, and shows part of the
alveolus of the canine, the alveolus of pm. 1, the last three
premolars, the first two true molars, and the alveolus of
m. 3, Which is of extremely minute size. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1353. The complete left ramus of the mandible, wanting the
incisors, canines, pm. 1, pm. 3, pm. 4, and m. 3; from the
Upper Eocene of Caylux. Purchased, 1884.
28128. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
pm.3 and the anterior half of m.1; from the Upper
1 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. iii. art. 7, p. 26 (1872).
M. 1653.
M. 1359.
URSID 2. 113
Eocene of Apt (Vaucluse), France. This specimen appears
to agree precisely with the last specimen ; it is entered in
the Museum Register as C. angustidens, Pomel and Bra-
vard. The present writer is unaware whether that name is
merely a manuscript one, or whether it occurs in the memoir
by those writers already mentioned under the head of the
genus Cynodictis (p. 107): if the latter should be the case,
the name angustidens has the priority over compressidens.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Two fragments of the mandible ; from the Upper Eocene
of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot), France. One specimen
shows the three true molars, and the other the last pre-
molar, the carnassial, and the alveoli of m. 2 and m. 3.
Purchased, 1884.
Var. viverroides, Filhol ’.
The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible,
containing all the cheek-teeth, and part of the alveolus
of the canine; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-
Garonne), France. This specimen, which is figured in
the accompanying woodcut (fig. 16), differs from the man-
Fig. 16.
Cynodictis compressidens, var. viverroides, Filhol.—Part of the left ramus of
the mandible ; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux. }.
dible of the type form by its slightly inferior size, by the
absence of m. 3, and by the slightly more backward posi-
tion of the inner cusp of m. 1, and in these respects agrees
perfectly with the type mandible of the variety described
by Filhol. This jaw presents a marked resemblance to
that of Herpestes, but is distinguished by the relatively
larger size of m. 2 and of the hinder lobe of the blade of
m.1; in the form of m. 2 it comes very close to Amphictis.
Purchased, 1884.
1 Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, p. 56.
114
M. 1360.
M. 1654.
M. 1655.
M. 1367.
CARNIVORA.
Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
the four last cheek-teeth; from the Upper Eocene of
Caylux. This specimen is precisely similar to the last.
Purchased, 1884.
The complete right ramus of the mandible, showing all
the teeth, except the incisors, canine, and pm. 1; from the
Upper EKocene of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot), France.
This specimen agrees precisely with the type mandible
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vi. pl. xxv.
figs. 118, 119, with the exception of the absence of m. 3.
Purchased, 1884.
Two specimens of the anterior portion of the ramus of the
mandible, with the canines and premolars; from the
Upper Eocene of Bach. These specimens are slightly
smaller than the last; and it is uncertain whether they
belong to the type form or the present variety.
Purchased, 1884.
Two portions of rami of the mandible; from the Upper
Kocene of Caylux. These specimens agree very closely in
size with the last. Purchased, 1884.
Cynodictis curvirostris, Filhol’.
This species is of rather large size, and the crowns of the lower
cheek-teeth are relatively low.
fiab. France.
M. 1660.
Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
last premolar, the carnassial, and m. 2, with the alveoli of
the other teeth; from the Upper Eocene of Bach, near
Lalbenque (Lot), France. This specimen agrees precisely
with the one figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. vil. pl. xvii. figs. 52-54. Purchased, 1884.
Cynodictis brachyrostris, Filhol *.
This species is nearly the same size as the last ; but the mandible
is much shorter.
Hab. France.
M. 1355.
The nearly complete left ramus of the mandible; from the
1 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. art. 7, p. 97 (1876),
oD 10S
URSIDZ. 115
Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This
specimen shows all the cheek-teeth, except pm.1, and
appears to agree precisely with the type specimen figured
by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vil. pl. xxiv. fig. 102,
in which the earlier premolars are wanting. It differs
from the mandible of C. compressidens by the shorter pm. 4,
the longer m. 1, and the larger m. 3. Purchased, 1884.
Cynodictis intermedia, Filhol’.
Hab. France.
M. 1356. The anterior portion of the cranium; from the Upper
Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This speci-
men, which wants the nasals, shows the two true molars
and the last three premolars, as well as the alveoli of the
remaining teeth. It apparently agrees precisely with the
type cranium figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. vii. pl. xxiv. fig. 105°; and exhibits well the extreme
shortness of the facial part and the great width of the
zygomata, which are such characteristic features of the
species. The teeth agree very closely with those of the
type (Filhol, op. et. fig. 104); but the inner portion of
the true molars is rather shorter antero-posteriorly. In
the sudden contraction in width immediately in advance
of the carnassial, this cranium more nearly resembles some
of the meionocreodont species of Canis (e.g. C. bengalensis)
than Viverra; and in the extreme shortness of the face
and palate is more like Herpestes than either of the other
two genera. The cheek-teeth are, however, readily distin-
guished from those of existing species of Herpestes by the
absence of the inner cusp of pm. 3: the palatine foramina
are of the elongated form of those of Canis and Viverra.
Purchased, 1884.
Cynodictis boriei, Filhol’.
A large species, with a remarkably meionocreodont dentition.
Hab. France.
M. 1652. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the four last
1 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. art. 7, p. 110 (1876).
2 In the explanation of the plate, fig. 105 is given as C. leptorhyncha and
fig. 106 as C. ¢ntermedia; marginal corrections made by M. Filhol in a copy
presented to the writer indicate, however, that these names should be trans-
posed.
3 Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 6, vol. x. p. 86 (1874).
12
116 CARNIVORA.
cheek-teeth ; from the Upper Eocene of Bach, near Lal-
benque (Lot), France. This specimen agrees very closely |
with the dentition of the cranium, figured by Filhol in the
Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vi. pl. xv. fig. 34; but the last molar
is slightly narrower antero-posteriorly. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1357. The anterior portion of the left ramus of the mandible of a
Oynodictis, not improbably belonging to the present species;
from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne),
France. This specimen shows the canine, the four pre-
molars, and the blade of the carnassial ; and in the interval
between the carnassial and the canine agrees very closely
with the mandible of the smaller race of C. borie, figured
by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xvii. figs. 46—
48 ; it apparently differs, however, in the greater relative
height of the carnassial, which exceeds that of pm, 4'.
Purchased, 1884.
Cynodictis dubia, Filhol’.
Syn. (2) Viverra leptorhyncha, Filhol?®.
The typical form of this species is of medium size, and is distin-
guished by the lowness of the crown of the inferior carnassial, which
does not exceed that of the last premolar*. As noticed below, it
appears impossible to distinguish one variety from Filhol’s so-called.
Vwerra leptorhyncha, which is really more like Amphictis than
Vwerra proper, and whose resemblance to Cynodictis is noticed by
Filhol.
Hab. France.
M. 1650. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
canine, the last three premolars, and the carnassial ; from
the Upper Eocene of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot), France.
Purchased, 1884.
Variety.
M. 1651. The nearly complete right ramus of the mandible, contain-
(fvg.) ing the alveolus of the canine and all the cheek-teeth
1 Tn his description of Cynodictis dubia (Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse,
1882, p. 48), Filhol mentions that that species is distinguished from all others by
the circumstance that the lower carnassial is not higher than pm. 4; it may be
therefore that the figures of the mandible of C. boried are erroneous in this respect.
2 Ann. Soe. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, p. 48, pl. vii. figs. 11, 13.
3 Arch. Mus. Lyon, vol. iii. p. 69, pl. iv. figs. 16-19. The volume is dated
1883; but separate copies of this memoir are dated 1881.
4 Filhol remarks that this feature is peculiar to the species ; but it appears
to obtain in C. boriei and others (vide note 1).
‘"
=
yp ad
URSIDE. ; 117
except pm. 1; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-
Garonne), France. There is no trace of m. 3 (of which a
minute alveolus exists in the type specimen figured by
Filhol, op. cit. fig. 13); but in all other respects the two
specimens are precisely similar, with the exception that
the present specimen (woodcut, fig. 17) is slightly larger.
Fig. 17.
Cynodictis dubia, Filhol, var.—Part of the right ramus of the mandible ;
from the Upper Eocene of Caylux. 4.
There do not seem any points by which the present speci-
men can be distinguished from the mandible of Viverra
_leptorhyncha, Filhol (Arch. Mus. Lyon, vol. iii. pl. iv.
figs. 16, 17), in which only the last two teeth remain.
The present form seems to be one of those generalized
species of which the generic position is extremely doubtful.
Purchased, 1884.
Cynodictis leptorhyncha, Filhol’.
This is a smaller species than the last, with the crown of the
lower cheek-teeth slightly taller, but otherwise very similar. The
last lower true molar is absent in one race.
Hab. France.
M. 1658.
M. 1656.
Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
canine, the alveoli of the first three premolars, the fourth
premolar, the carnassial, and the alveoli of m. 2 and m. 3,
the latter very minute; from the Upper Eocene of Bach,
near Lalbenque (Lot), France. This specimen agrees very
closely with the type mandible figured by Filhol in the
Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xxi. figs. 73, 74.
Purchased, 1884.
Var. viverroides, Filhol’”.
Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the two last premolars, the carnassial, and m, 2, with no
1 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. art. 4, p. 124 (1876).
2 Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, p, 54.
118
M. 1376.
M. 1367.
M. 1657.
CARNIVORA.
trace of m.3; from the Upper Eocene of Bach. This
specimen appears to agree very closely with the one figured
by Filhol in the Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882,
pl. vi. figs. 3, 4. Purchased, 1884.
Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
two last premolars, the carnassial, and m. 2, with no trace
of m.3; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-
Garonne), France. This specimen agrees precisely with
the last. Purchased, 1884.
Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
four premolars; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux. In
this and the next specimen it is impossible to say whether
m. 3 was present. Purchased, 1884,
Part of the left ramus of the mandibie, containing the
last three premolars and the carnassial; from the Upper
Kocene of Caylux. Purchased, 1884.
Cynodictis, sp.
Hab. France.
M. 1659.
Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, of smaller
size than any of those referred to the last species, but
agreeing in general characters, and wanting m. 3; from
the Upper Eocene of Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot), France.
It is not improbable that this specimen may belong to a
small race of C. leptorhyncha. Purchased, 1884.
Cynodictis (?), sp.
Hab. France.
M. 1354.
Part of the left ramus of the mandible, showing the
second and fourth premolars, and the three true molars,
from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne),
France. This specimen appears to come nearest in form
to Cynodictis leptorhyncha; but is readily distinguished
by its much shorter form, and the lower crown of the
carnassial, which is lower than that of pm. 4. The inner
cusp of m. 1 1s strongly developed and very distinct, and
the talon short and wide; there is acusp on the posterior |
border of pm.4. These characters distinguish the speci-
men from Cynodon. In Amphicynodon, Filhol', there is
a similar cusp to pm. 4, but the ascending ramus of the
1 Ann, Sci. Géol. vol. xii. pl. viii. fig. 29.
URSIDZ. 119
jaw is nearly vertical, whereas it is oblique in the present
specimen. It appears, on the whole, that the latter
should probably be referred to the genus Cynodictis; and
the lowness of the crown of the carnassial indicates that
it is one of the least specialized forms. Purchased, 1884.
LIMB-BONES OF UNDETERMINED SPECIES oF CYNODICTIS OR
ALLIED GENERA.
a. From the Upper Eocene of Apt (Vaucluse), France.
27574. The distal half of the right humerus; perhaps belonging to
C. lacustris. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1882.
28126. The distal extremity of a humerus.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28127. The proximal extremity of a right femur.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28121-2, 28129. Three specimens of metacarpals and metatarsals.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28125. The bones of the right manus, nearly complete.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
b. From the Upper Eocene of Cayluce and Bach, France.
(Purchased, 1884.)
M. 1696. Three humeri, probably belonging to a medium-sized
species. These bones agree with a specimen figured by
Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. ii. pl. xviti. fig. 44, and
provisionally referred to C. compressidens.
M. 1382. Three humeri, slightly smaller than the last.
M. 1697. Four humeri, considerably smaller than the last; and
slightly larger than a specimen figured by Filhol (op. cit.
fig. 45), and suggested to belong to Viverra.
M. 1384. A right humerus, considerably smaller than the last.
This specimen is precisely similar to one figured by
Filhol (op. cit. fig. 46). This and the preceding specimens
have a well-developed entepicondylar foramen.
M. 1698. Seven ulne, of various sizes.
M. 1699. Five radii, of various sizes.
120 CARNIVORA.
. 1700. Several calcanea, of various sizes.
. 1701. Several astragali, of various sizes.
Ss 5 5 &
. 1702-3. Numerous metapodial bones, of various sizes. :
. 1704. Four specimens of the axis vertebra; and a fifth appa-
rently belonging to a distinct species. .
1705. Two specimens of the sacrum.
1706. Numerous caudal vertebre.
1412. Numerous limb-bones.
. 1380. Numerous canine teeth. j
. 1707. Ditto. ’
al eh ish isl is
Genus ICTICYON, Lund’.
Syn. Speothos, Lund 2.
Dentition (usually) :—I. . C. a Pm. FA M. In a recent female
specimen of J. venaticus in the Museum of the Royal College of
Surgeons (No. 533) a small m.2 is present; and in a large recent
male skull in the British Museum m. 2 1s absent on both sides; the
a=3)
In its dentition this genus is the most specialized of the Canine;
this being shown by the suppression of the hinder molars, and by
the absence of the inner cusp of the lower carnassial. In a lineal
classification it is impossible to assign a satisfactory position to the
genus, since it is necessary that Cynodictis should be placed next to
the Viverride, and Canis close to Amphicyon, which comes next to
Dinocyon and Hycnarctos.
range of variation in the number of true molars is therefore
Itcticpon benaticus, Lund *.
Syn. Cynogale venatica, Lund *.
(?) Speothos pacivorus, Lund °.
Icticyon affinis venaticus, Lund *.
(?) Icticyon major, Lund’.
' K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr. vol. xi. p. 62 (1845).
? Ibid. vol. viii. p. 93, pl. xix. figs. 1, 2 (1841). The probable generic iden-
tity of Speothos with Icticyon has been indicated by Huxley (Proce. Zool. Soc.
1880, p. 280) ; the former name has the priority. The same remark applies to
the specific names pacworus and venaticus,
3 Ibid. vol. ix. p. 201 (1842), Cynogale. 4 Loc. eit.
5 Tbid. vol. viii. p. 93 (1841).
6 Vide TH. Gervais and Ameghino, ‘Mammiféres fossiles de Amérique du
Sud,’ p. 85 (1880). 7 Ibid.
URSIDZ. A A |
A comparison of the specimens mentioned below with specimens
of the existing form shows that the only difference that can be de-
tected between the two is that the teeth of the fossil are slightly
narrower. Judging from Lund’s figures it seems very doubtful if
the so-called Speothos pacworus and Icticyon major (described from
a single tooth) can be regarded as more than large races of the
present species.
Hab. S. America.
18911. The hinder portion of the cranium; from a cavern in Minas
Geraes, Brazil. Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18911 a. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the four pre-
molars and the true molar; from a cavern in Minas
Geraes. It is noteworthy that this and other fossil spe-
cimens show no trace of m. 2,
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18911 b. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing pm. 4 and m.1;
-from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18911 ¢. Fragment of the premaxille, containing the outer in-
cisors ; -from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18911 d. Fragment of the mandible, containing the canines of
both sides, and the last three premolars and m.1 of the
left side ; from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18911 e. Hinder part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
the last two premolars, the carnassial, and the alveolus of
m. 2; from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18911 f. The greater part of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing the whole of the cheek-dentition; from a
cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Genus LYCAON, Brookes’.
Dentition :—I. 3, C. 7, Pm. 4, M. 2. The lower dentition differs
from that of Canis by the presence of an anterior talon, or cusp, to
pm. 4.
1 In Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. y. p. 151 (1827).
122
CARNIVORA,
Lycaon anglicus, Lydekker’.
Hab. England.
40950. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
(Arig.)
taining the four premolars and the carnassial, with the
alveoli of the incisors, canine, and m. 2; from the cave of
Spritsail-Tor, Gower, Glamorganshire*. This specimen
was described by Falconer in a manuscript note, which
has been published in his ‘ Paleontological Memoirs,’
vol. ii. p. 462, under the name of ‘“ Hyznoid Wolf,” and
full measurements are given. Two small-size figures are
given in plate xxxvi. figs. 1, 2 of the same volume. The
length of the cheek-teeth is somewhat in excess of that of
average-sized specimens of Canis lupus, and is very con-
siderably greater than in Lycaon pictus. The carnassial
corresponds very closely with that of C. lwpus,and has a
wider talon than in ZL. pictus: this tooth conclusively
proves the canoid nature of the specimen. The fourth
premolar is a very remarkable tooth, being relatively
much wider than the corresponding tooth of C. lwpus or
L. pictus. It agrees with the latter, and differs from the
former (and that of all species of Canis) by the presence
of a distinct anterior talon. The second and third pre-
molars are also relatively wider than in Canis lupus or
Lycaon pictus, and have a trace of a minute anterior
talon, which is generally more or less distinctly developed
in the latter. The first premolar does not present any
noteworthy characters.
There is no question but that the specimen is specifically
distinct both from Canis lupus and Lycaon pictus. The
form of the fourth premolar being nearer to the corre-
sponding tooth of the latter than to that of the former, it
has appeared advisable to refer the specimen provisionally
to the genus Lycaon, with the specific name of anglicus.
The relatively great width of pm.4 seems to indicate
affinity with some of the more generalized species of
Hyena, like H. macrostoma.
Presented by Gen. Wood, 1865.
' Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i. p. 443 (1884).
2 For the Rtas of this cave see ‘Faleoner's secs ist Memoirs,’
vol. ii. p. 522
i? aan
+ re
UBSIDZ. |
Genus CANIS, Linn.*
Following Flower’s classification this genus is taken to include
all the existing Canoids, with the exception of Lycaon, Icticyon, and
Otocyon ; it also includes the fossil genera Galecynus, Owen, and
Lycorus, Bourguignat.
Dentition—In typical forms the dental formula is I. as €: =
Pm. A M. : ; in some aberrant forms (Cyon), however, the true
molars are 2 5; and in the fossil C. (Lycorus) nemestrinus the pre-
molars are reduced to =: The ee embracing this range of
variation” will be I: 5. U: ; legit oe gaan AE a There is a great
amount of sean in ae relative proportions of the different
cheek-teeth ; and in the degree of development and position of the
inner cusp of the lower carnassial*. There is no entepicondylar
foramen to the humerus.
Canis lupus, Linn. *
Syn. Canis speleus, Goldfuss >.
Lupus speleus, Blainville °.
Canis juvillacus, Blainville” (ex Bravard).
Hab. Kurope and North Asia.
44739. Cranium and mandible, wanting several teeth; from Hutton
Cave, Somersetshire. ‘This specimen is remarkable for the
circumstance that the first upper premolar of the left side
(of which the anterior half is broken away) is of an elon-
gated form like pm. 2, and is inserted by two distinct fangs.
The first three premolars are in contact with one another.
In the mandible pm.1 has only a single root; but the
three preceding teeth are relatively long, and are in
contact with one another.
Presented by B. Bright, Esq., 1874.
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12. vol. i. p. 56 (1766).
2 In C. cancrivorus the molars are =e 5 = ; and Filhol has shown that in the
long-jawed domestic races like the greyhound ™ 3. is occasionally present, while
in the short-jawed races like the bull-dog m. 3 is is sometimes absent.
3 For a full account of these variations, see Huxley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880,
p- 238 ez seg., and the present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. ii. p. 240 ez seg.
4 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 50 (1766).
5 Nov. Acta Ac. Cxs, Leop.-Car. vol. x. pt. 2, p. 456 (1828).
§ Ostéographie, genus Canis, p. 101 (1841 ?).
7 Ibid. pp. 125-6.
124 CARNIVORA.
M. 404. Greater portion of the cranium, showing all the cheek-
teeth ; from Banweil Cave, Somersetshire.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 404 a. Hinder portion of a small cranium ; from Banwell Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882,
38144. The nearly complete cranium and mandible; from the Pleis-
tocene of Bernburg, Germany. ‘This is a very typical
specimen. _ Purchased, 1864.
M. 404 b. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the last three
cheek-teeth and the alveolus of pm.3; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave, Franconia. The teeth of this specimen are in
beautiful preservation, and are of very large size.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 223. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the four last
cheek-teeth ; from Banwell Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 403. The greater part of the right maxilla, containing the three
last cheek-teeth ; from Banwell Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 487. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing pm. 4 and m. 1;
from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
24 (0. C.). Fragment of the left maxilla, containing pm. 4 and m. 1;
probably from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
28582. Fragment of the right maxilla, showing pm. 4 and m. 2; from
a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia. Purchased, 1853.
28571. The complete left ramus of the mandible, wanting the first
incisor and the canine ; from a cavern in Sundwig.
Purchased, 1853.
23 (0. C.). Part of the left ramus of the mandible, with the cheek-
teeth; from the Guilenreuth Cave.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
15636. The greater part of the right ramus of the mandible, show-
ing the canine and all the cheek-teeth except m. 3; from
Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay. |
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
28572. The complete mandible, wanting all the teeth except m. 1
and m,2; from a cavern in Sundwig. Purchased, 1853.
URSIDZ. 125
M. 223 a. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
four premolars and the carnassial; from Banwell Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
46981. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing all the cheek-teeth except pm. 1 and m.3; from
the cavernous fissures of Oreston, near Plymouth.
Purchased, 1876.
23140. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
last three premolars and the carnassial; from the Pleisto-
cene of Grays, Essex. Purchased, 1849.
28056. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
canine and the four premolars; from the Pleistocene of
Westeregelen, near Magdeburg, Saxony.
Presented by J. Brown, Esq., 1852.
28056. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
~ canine and the two middle premolars; from the Pleisto-
cene of Westeregelen. Presented by J. Brown, Esq., 1852.
M. 403 a. The greater part of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
taining all the cheek-teeth except m.3; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave. Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
.M. 403 b. Fragment of the nght ramus of the mandible, containing
the unworn carnassial ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 403 c. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
the canine, pm. 1, and pm. 2; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Ligerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 404c. The complete right ramus of the mandible, wanting two
incisors and m. 3; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 403 d. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
m. 1 and m. 2; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
23732. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
pm. 2, pm. 3, and the blade of m.1; from the Pleistocene of
Slade Green, near Erith, Kent. Purchased, 1849,
28572. The hinder part of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
126 CARNIVORA.
taining the two last premolars and the first molar; from
a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia. Purchased, 1858.
M. 436. Portion of the left ramus of the mandible, containing four
cheek-teeth ; from a cavern in Sundwig.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 404 d. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, showing all the
cheek-teeth except pm. 1 and m.3; from Banwell Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 404 e. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, showing the four
premolars and the carnassial; from Banwell Cave.
Ligerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
28570. The greater portion of the mandible, contaiming several
teeth in a much-worn condition; from a cavern in
Sundwig. Purchased, 1853.
28872. The left ramus of the mandible, containing all the teeth
except the incisors and the last molar; from the Pleisto-
cene of Tour-de-Boulade (Puy-de-Dome), France. ‘This
specimen, together with the others from the same locality,
is the type of Bravard’s Canis juwvillacus (vide De Blainyille,
‘Ostéographie,’ genus Canis, pp. 125-6); but it does not
appear to differ in any respect from typical mandibles of
Canis lupus. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852,
28873. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the two inner
incisors and pm.1; from the Pleistocene of Tour-de-
Boulade. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28870. Greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible, in a
much-broken condition ; from the Pleistocene of Tour-de-
Boulade. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28871. Greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible, in a
much-broken condition ; from the Pleistocene of Tour-de-
Boulade. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
27625. Greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible, with
the teeth much broken, and a fragment of the scapula and
ulna; from the Pleistocene of Vic-le-Conte, near Issoire
(Puy-de-Dome), France.
Crovzet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
29699. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
URSID ®. 127
the broken canine, the alveoli of the three first premolars,
and the complete pm. 4. Purchased, 1853.
23141. The germ of the right lower carnassial; from the Pleis-
tocene of Grays, Essex. Purchased, 1849.
18982. The left lower carnassial; from the Pleistocene of Kent’s-
Hole Cavern. McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
M. 2138. Two humeri; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 215. A left ulna; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection.
M. 218. A left radius; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
28875. The distal half of the right humerus ; from Tour-de-Boulade,
Puy-de-Dome. ‘This and other limb-bones from the same
locality are referred by Bravard to his Canis jwillacus.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
40714. The proximal half of the right femur; from Banwell Cave,
Somersetshire. Purchased, 1867.
M. 219. The right tibia , imperfect at the proximal extremity ; from
; the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
28876. The left tibia; from the Pleistocene of Tour-de-Boulade.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28877. The left astragalus ; from the Pleistocene of Tour-de-Boulade.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
M. 214, 216, 217, 222. Various limb-bones; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 403. Numerous limb-bones and vertebrae; from the Gailen-
reuth Cave. Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
46137. An atlas vertebra, of large size; dredged off the eastern
coast of England (Pleistocene).
Owles Collection. Purchased, 1874.
46138. A lumbar vertebra, of large size; dredged off the eastern
coast of England. Owles Collection. Purchased, 1874.
128 CARNIVORA.
18831. The third cervical vertebra; from the Pleistocene of Grays,
Essex. Purchased, 1845.
28874. The sixth cervical vertebra; from the Pleistocene of Tour-
de-Boulade, Puy-de-Déme.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
37190. A dorsal vertebra; from Brixham Cave, near Torquay.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
37189. The sacrum ; from Brixham Cave.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
M. 210-11. Numerous vertebree ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 285. The axis vertebra; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 372. A proximal phalangeal; from the Gailenreuth Cave. :
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
Canis cautleyi, Bose’.
Hab. India.
40182. The hinder portion of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
(fig.) Fig. 18.
pea OH A
LIM. 3
A. B.
Canis cautleyi.—Part of the left ramus of the mandible (A) and the left side of
the palate (B); from the Siwalik Hills. Dublin Museum. }. (From the
‘Paleontologia Indica.’)
? Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p. 135 (1880).
40181.
(Fig.)
15918.
15820.
Hab.
M. 24.
Hab.
S21.
(4%9.)
URSiIDZ. 129
taining the three true molars, the last of which is of very
small size; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India.
This specimen, with the next, is the type of the species,
and is described and figured by Bose in the Quart. Journ.
Geol. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p. 135, pl. vi. figs. 7, 8. It is also
described and figured by the present writer in the ‘ Paleeon-
tologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. i. p. 259, pl. xxxil. figs. 6, 6a.
The accompanying woodcut (fig. 18) shows the hinder
cheek-dentition of a skull of this species, in the Museum
of Science and Art, Dublin, from the Siwalik Hills. The
carnassial teeth are relatively longer than in the existing
Wolves of the Old World.
Cautley. Collection. Presented, 1842
Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
first two true molars and. the alveolus of m.3; from the
Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen, in which
the summit of the hinder lobe of the blade is broken off,
‘is described and figured by Bose in the memoir quoted
above (pl. vi. fig. 9). Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
The left upper carnassial; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik
Hills. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842
The associated bones of the hind foot of a Carnivore; from
the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. These bones agree
with those of Canis lupus, but are of rather smaller size ;
they may very probably belong to the present species.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Canis, sp.
Brazil.
Two fragments of the maxille of opposite sides; from a
deposit called ‘‘ Tipitata,” in the neighbourhood of San
Angelo, 10 miles from the city of Mexico. These spe-
cimens indicate an animal of the size of C. lupus, but
with a larger pm.1; they are too much damaged for spe-
citic determination. Presented by P. Geddes, Esq., 1880.
Canis, sp. (allied to C. aureus, Linn.). 5
India.
Fragment of the right maxilla, containing pm.4 and m. 1,
and the alveolus of pm. 3; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik
K
130 CARNIVORA.
Hills, India. This specimen has been described and figured
by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. il. p. 264, pl. xxxii. fig. 2.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Canis neschersensis, Blainville* (ex Croizet).
Syn. Lupus neschersensis, Bourguignat’.
Hab. France.
28877. Cast of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the canine
and all the cheek-teeth except pm. 1 and m. 3. The original
of this specimen is from the Pliocene of Neschers, France,
and is described and figured by De Blainville in his
‘ Ostéographie,’ genus Canis, p. 125, pl. xii. It indicates
a species intermediate in size between the Wolf and the
Jackal. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
27620. The left upper carnassial; from the Pliocene of Neschers,
France. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27620 a. The associated left upper true molar; from the Pliocene of
De-la-Grave, France. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
28878. The distal extremity of the tibia; from the Pliocene of
Neschers. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Canis, sp.
Hab. Italy.
M. 415. A fragment of the right maxilla, containing pm. 3 and
the anterior part of pm. 4, and a detached canine; from
the Pliocene of the Val d’Arno, Italy. Itis highly pro-
bable that these specimens belong either to Canis etruscus
or C. falconert of Forsyth Major.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
Canis bulpes, Linn. ®
Syn. Vulpes vulgaris, Owen* (ex Brisson).
Vulpes major, Schmerling’.
1 Ostéographie, genus Canis, p. 125 (18417).
2 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vi. art. 6, p. 45 (1875).
2 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 59 (1766).
4 Brit. Foss. Mamm. and Birds, p. 134 (1846).
’ Recherches Ossemens Fossiles de Liége, vol. ii. p. 89 (1834).
¢
t
URSIDZ, ; 131
Vulpes minor, Schmerling’.
Cams vulpes fossilis, Pomel.
Cunis speleus mimor, Wagner’.
An imperfect cranium has recently been described by the present
writer (Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. ii. p. 443), from the Red Crag of
Boyton, Suffolk (woodcut, fig. 19), which is indistinguishable from
ff" : + ty
6 S ,
Canis vulpes.—Right half of the palate ; from the Red Crag of Boyton, Suffolk. }
crania of the present species, with the exception of its superior
size. If, as seems probable, the specimen is really contemporary
with the Crag, it is the earliest recorded occurrence of the species.
Hab. Europe.
M. 225. The palate; from Hutton Cave, Somersetshire.
Ennskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
" Recherches Ossemens Fossiles de Liége, vol. ii. p. 89 (1834).
* Catalogue Méthodique, p. 69 (1853).
® Archiv fiir Natur. vol. xv. p. 17, este Owen.
k 2
132 CARNIVORA.
48901. Part of the left maxilla, containing all the cheek-teeth
except pm. 1; from Brixham Cave, near Torquay.
Brixham-Cave Oollection. Presented, 1876.
ML 406. Anterior portion of the cranium, showing the hinder cheek-
teeth of the right side; from a cavern in the Mendip
Hills. Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 406 a. Anterior portion of the cranium, showing the last four
cheek-teeth of the left side; from a cavern in the Mendip
Hills. Lgerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 226. The left ramus of the mandible, showing five cheek-teeth ;
from Hutton Cave, Somersetshire.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
41667. The mandible and the upper dentition ; from the Pleistocene
of Dartford, Kent.
Toulmin-Smith Collection. Purchased, 1867.
55 (0. C.). The right ramus of the mandible, containing the canine
and all the cheek-teeth ; from Kirkdale Cave, Yorkshire.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
35681. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, showing m. I
and m. 2; from Kirkdale Cave.
Bean Collection. Purchased, 1859.
38495. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, showing all the
cheek-teeth except pm. 2 and m.3; from the Pleistocene
of Grays, Hssex. Purchased, 1864.
28574. The mandible, showing all the teeth except the incisors and
the last molar; from a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia.
This specimen is of very large size. § Purchased, 1853.
27 (0. C.). The right ramus of the mandible, wanting all the teeth
except m.2; from a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
17936. The right ramus of the mandible, showing pm. 2, pm. 3, m.1,
and m. 2; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay.
McKnery Collection. Purchased, 1842. .
M. 94. The right ramus of the mandible of a very old individual,
wanting pm.1 (of which the alveolus has disappeared).
and m.2. From Cat’s-Hole Cave, Gower, Glamorganshire.
Presented by Gen. Wood, 1865.
18982.
37187.
37188.
16712.
(fg.)
16707.
(f17.)
16727.
18236.
(fiy.)
48902.
48907.
URSID @. Loe
Two broken rami of the mandible, from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Presented by Rev. Upton Lichards, 1845.
The two upper true molars of the left side; from Brixham
Cave, near Torquay.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the last
three premolars and the carnassial ; from Brixham Cave.
Presented by R. W. Wolston, Esq., 1863.
Anterior portion of the left ramus of the mandible, contain-
ing the canine, the two last premolars, and the canine;
from Kent’s-Hole Cavern. This specimen is figured by
Owen in the ‘ British Fossil Mammals and Birds, p. 134,
fig. 51. Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
Hinder portion of the left ramus of the mandible, contain-
ing the carnassial, m.2, and the alveolus of m.3; from
_ Kent’s-Hole Cavern. This specimen is figured by Owen
in the ‘ British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ p. 137, fig. 53.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing ~
the last three premolars and the carnassial ; from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern. Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
m.2 and the alveolus of m.3; from the Pleistocene of
Bacton, Norfolk. This specimen is figured by Newton in
the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of England, “ Ver-
tebrata of the Forest-bed Series,” pl. iv. figs. 2, 2a,
and is noticed in the Geol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. vii. p. 153
(1880)". Green Collection. Purchased, 1843.
The right ramus of the mandible; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
The lower cheek-teeth of the right side, in a fragment of
one side of the ramus of the mandible; from Brixham
Cave. Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
16757-8. Two specimens of the distal half of the humerus and the
left ulna; from Kent’s Hole Cavern.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
1 Mr. Newton has some doubt whether this specimen may not belong to a
small Dog; it seems, however, most probable that it really belongs to a Fox.
Maat: CARNIVORA.
40948. The left ulna; from a cavern at Gower, Glamorganshire.
Presented by Gen. Wood, 1836.
48903. The left innominate; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Oollection. Presented, 1876.
16757 b, 16758 a. Two specimens of the femur, one broken; from
Kent’s-Hole Cavern. McHnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
16757 a, 16758 b. Two specimens of the tibia, one broken; from
Kent’s-Hole Cavern. McHnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
44922. Part of the shaft of the right tibia of a small Carnivore of
the size of the Common Fox; from the Pleistocene of
Tiford, Essex. This specimen is No. A*1 of Davies’s
‘Catalogue of the Brady Collection’ (1874), where it is
provisionally referred to the present species.
Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878.
Canis, sp.
Hab. Brazil.
18893. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing pm. 4 and the two
true molars, and a portion of the mandible containing m. 1,
m.2; from a cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil. In size
these specimens agree very closely with C. cancrivorus ;
but they differ by the presence of an additional cusp in
m. 2 between the two main cusps of the anterior side, and
another extra cusp in m. 2, situated on the inner border
behind the first main cusp; this tooth is also relatively
wider and has a more distinct cingulum. This specimen
does not appear to come so near to any other existing
American species of the genus. The occurrence of Canis
cancrivorus in the fossil state is not mentioned by P. Ger-
vais and Ameghino in their Catalogue of the Fossil
Mammals of S. America.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1846.
Canis, sp.
Hab. Brazil.
18916. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, belonging to
a species rather smaller than the last ; from a cavern in
Minas Geraes, Brazil. The second true molar wants the
accessory cusp on the inner side, and has not such a
distinct main cusp as in the last specimen. ‘The present
URSIDZ. too
Specimen is too incomplete to determine whether it is
specifically the same as one of the living species.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18911. Numerous canines of an undetermined Canoid ; from the
caverns of Brazil. Claussen Collection. Purchased, 18405.
Canis curvipalatus, Bose ’.
Hab. India.
37149. The associated cranium and mandible; from the Pliocene of
(Fig.) theSiwalik Hills, India. This specimen, which is the type
of the species, is described and figured by Baker and
Durand in the Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. v. pl. xxxvil.
figs. 9-12; it is also described by Bose in the passage
cited; and is described and figured by the present writer
in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. i. p. 254,
pl. xxxi. figs. 1, la, 7. It exhibits some very curious
points of affinity with the South-African genus Otocyon.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
15919. Five associated limb-bones, comprising the two femora, the
tibia, astragalus, and calcaneum; from the Pliocene of the
Siwahk Hills. These bones are somewhat smaller than
those of C. vulpes, and on this account might well belong
to the present species. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
15913. The distal two-thirds of the right tibia; from the Pliocene
of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen agrees with the
corresponding bone of the specimens under the last number.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Canis palustris, H. von Meyer’.
Syn. Galecynus ceningensis, Owen *.
Hab. Switzerland.
27402. Complete skeleton; from the Upper Miocene of (éningen,
(Fig.) Switzerland. This specimen, which is the type of the
species, and of the genus Gralecynus, Owen, was originally
described and figured by Murchison and Mantell in the
1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. vol. xxxvi. p. 134 (1880).
2 Neues Jahrb. 1843, p. 701.
3 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. iii. p. 55, figs. 1, 3, 5 (1847, read 1846).
Owen supersedes Meyer’s name palustris from the circumstance that Blain-
ville had previously referred to the specimen as Vulpe d’ Hningen.
136 CARNIVORA. ‘
Trans. Geol. Soc. vol. iii. p. 277, pls. xxxili.—iv., under
the name of Canis vulpes. It was subsequently described
and figured by H. von Meyer in the ‘ Fauna der Vorwelt,’
pt. i. p. 4, pl. i. (1845), under the name of Camis palustris,
and finally by Owen (loc. cit.) under the name of G'alecynus
aeningensis. Huxley has shown in the Proce. Zool. Soc.
1880, p. 280, that there seems no valid reason why it
should be separated generically from Canis.
Presented by Sw R. IL. Murchison, Bart., K.C.B., 1852.
Canis ?, sp.
Hab. France.
M. 1708. Three humeri, about equal in size to the humerus of
Canis aureus; from the Upper Eocene of Bach, near Lal-
benque (Lot), France. These bones differ from the humerus
of Cynodictis, Cephalogale, and Amphicyon in the absence of
an entepicondylar foramen, and thereby agree with Canis.
They probably indicate the existence of a species of
that genus in the phosphorites, and would therefore seem
to confirm the generic reference of the so-called Canis
filholi and C. cadurcensis. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1709. Four specimens of the femur, agreeing fairly well in
relative size with the last specimen, and coming from
the same locality. ‘They may possibly belong to the same
species. Purchased, 1884.
Genus AMPHICYON, Lartet’.
Syn. Agnotherium, Kaup (i parte).
Cynelos, Jourdan (MS.).
Pseudocyon, Lartet.
By te 3 i 4 3
Dentition :—I. 3 C. p Pm. re M. 3°
Amphicyon giganteus, Laurillard*. —
Syn. Canis @une taille gigantesque, Cuvier.
This is the largest species of the genus.
Hab. Europe.
‘Comptes Rendus, vol. v. p. 424 (1837). The name Agnotherium was
applied by Kaup (Oss. Foss. de Darmstadt, pt. ii.) in 1833, and has there-
fore the priority over Amphicyon ; but the latter has obtained universal accep-.
tation.
* Dict. Univ. d’Histoire Naturelle, vol. iii. p. 567 (1849),
“a = 4 Ss
ee ee ee ee eee ee
1
|
4
URSID&. 137
15542a. Cast of the first left upper true molar. The original,
which is the type of the species, and is believed to be in
the Paris Museum, is from the Lower Miocene of Avaray
(Loir-et-Cher), France; and is figured by Cuvier in
pl. exciii. fig. 20 of the 4th ed. of the ‘ Ossemens Fossiles ; ’
it is also figured by De Blainville in the ‘ Ostéographie,’
genus Subursus, pl. xiv., under the name of Amphicyon,
d@’Avaray ; De Blainville was inclined to consider it as a
variety of A. major. Purchased.
Amphicyon major, Blainville *.
Syn. Amphicyon crassidens, Pomel.
Amplhacyon laurillardi, Pomel.
Amphicyon minor, Blainville (in parte).
(?) Pseudocyon sansaniensis, Lartet.
This species is as large as a Brown Bear.
Hab. France.
29615. Cast of the left maxilla and premaxilla, showing the canine,
pm. 1, pm.4,m.1,and m.2. The original of this specimen,
which is the type, is preserved in the Paris Museum,-and
was obtained from the Middle Miocene of Sansan (Gers),
France. It is figured by De Blainville in the ‘ Ostéo-
graphie,’ genus Subursus, pl. xiv.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
28150. The first left upper true molar (wanting a part of the outer
half), and the anterior part of the left lower carnassial,
both in a well-worn condition, and probably associated ;
from the Middle Miocene of Sansan.
; Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
29616. Cast of the distal half of the left humerus, wanting the
bridge over the entepicondylar foramen. The original is
from the Middle Miocene of Sansan, and is preserved in
the Paris Museum. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
«Ostéographie,’ genus Subursus, p.'78, pls. xiv., xv. (1841). Pomel (Cat. Méth.
p. 72) divided Blainville’s A. major into the two species A. laurillardi and
A, cultridens. As, however, he did not give figures or clear definitions it is
better, with Prof. Peters, to retain all the specimens figured by Blainville under
the name of A. major, which has the priority over Pomel’s names ; the Sansan
specimens indicate, however, a large and a small race. The lower jaw from
Monte Bamboli, figured by Meneghini under the name of A. dawrillardi (Atti.
Soe. Ital. Sci. Nat. vol. iv. pl. ii.a.), has been referred by Gervais (Zool. et Pal.
Générales, ser. 2, p. 22 [1876] to a new species of Hyenarctos. Pomel referred
Pseudocyon sansaniensis, Lart., to his A, dawrillardi ; a reference which is pro-
visionally followed here.
138 CARNIVORA.
29617. Cast of the right radius. The original is from the Middle
Miocene of Sansan, and is preserved in the Paris Museum.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
29618. Cast of the third left metacarpal. The original is from the
Middle Miocene of Sansan, and is preserved in the Paris
Museum. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
29619. Cast of the left tibia. The original is from the Middle
Miocene of Sansan, and is preserved in the Paris Museum.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
29620. Cast of the right calcaneum. ‘The original is from the
Middle Miocene of Sansan, and is preserved in the Paris
Museum. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
29621. Cast of the left astragalus. The original is from the Middle
Miocene of Sansan, and is preserved in the Paris Museum.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
Amphicyon palzeindicus, Lydekker’ (ew Falc.).
A species somewhat smaller than the large race of A. major.
Hab. India.
M. 1558, 32729. Two casts of the second right upper true molar. The
original of these specimens, which is the type of the species,
was obtained from the Siwaliks of Kushalghar, Punjab,
India, and is preserved in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
It is described and figured by the present writer in the
‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 11. p. 248, pl. xxxi.
HEN fey ;
M. 1558 purchased, 1884 ; 32729 presented by Dr. Falconer.
M. 1557. Cast of a fragment of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing the milk and permanent carnassials. The
original of this specimen was obtained from the Siwaliks
of Nurpdr, in the sub-Himalayan region, and is preserved.
in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. It is described and
figured by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 250, pl. xxxiil. figs. 5, 5a.
Purchased, 1884.
1 Paleontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. i. p. 84
(1876).
*
URSID#. 139
Amphicyon lemanensis, Pomel’.
Syn. Amphicyon blainviller, P. Gervais.
Amphicyon elaverensis, P. Gervais.
Amphicyon gracilis, Pomel.
Amphicyon lartett, Bravard (MS.).
Amplhacyon leptorhynchus, Pomel.
Amphicyon minor, Blainville (i parte).
Cynelos langensis, Jourdan (MS.).
The cheek-teeth of the typical race of this species are about the
size of those of Canis lupus, but some specimens are considerably
smaller.
Some of the limb-bones referred to this species are larger
than the corresponding bones of the Wolf, and it is possible that
these differences may be of specific value.
Hab. Europe.
30975. The hinder portion of the palate, containing the last three
(Fig.)
premolars of the right side, and the first two true molars
- of both sides; from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-
Puy (Allier), France. The dentition of the left side of
the specimen (reversed) is figured by Filhol in the Ann.
Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xi. fig. 3, under the above name.
The specimen is entered in the Museum Register as
A, larteti, Bravard, MS.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
30879. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the carnassial
and the first true molar, in an unworn condition; from
the Lower Miocene of Puy-de-Dome, France.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
30976. An upper true molar; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
26732. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing the first and second true molars, and the
bases of the other cheek-teeth ; from the Lower Miocene
of Allier. This specimen is precisely similar to one
figured by Filhol in the Arch. Mus. Lyon. vol. iii. pl. i.
fig. 1. It exhibits remarkably well the meionocreodont
character of the species, m.2 being of precisely the
same size as the homologous tooth of C. lupus, while
1 Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2, vol. iv. p. 379 (1846). The synonymy is
mainly taken from Filhol, Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 77.
140 CARNIVORA.
m.1 is not more than two-thirds the size of the lower
carnassial of that species.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
26732. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
the unworn carnassial, the alveolus of m. 2, and the germ
of m. 3 malveolo ; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
30978. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
m. 2; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Norr.—The specific reference of the following limb-bones must
be considered as more or less provisional; their determination rests
mainly on the evidence of specimens figured by Filhol and on
Bravard’s MS. Catalogue.
26744. The distal extremity of the right humerus ; from the Lower
Miocene of Allier. This specimen is almost of exactly
the same size as one figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci.
Géol. vol. x. pl. xiv. fig. 2, under the name of A. lemanensis,
var. leptorhynchus. A longer bone, referred by the same
writer to the typical race, is figured in the Arch. Mus.
Lyon. vol, ii. pl. i. fig. 6. This bone is much larger than
the humerus of Canis lupus.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
30985. The distal portion of the left humerus; from the Lower
Miocene of Aller. This specimen is rather larger than
No. 26744. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
30986. The distal extremity of the left humerus; from the Lower
Miocene of Allier. This specimen is the same size as
No. 26744. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43902. The right humerus of a young individual, wanting the
proximal extremity ; from the Lower Miocene of Langy
(Allier), France. Purchased, 1872.
26734. The right humerus, wanting the proximal extremity, of a
small form of Amphicyon ; from the Lower Miocene of
Allier. It is doubtful whether this and the preceding
specimen should be refered to one of the smaller races or
young individuals of A. lemanensis, or to one of the smaller
species of the genus. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
~~ >
es <
ae: sn iiiiaaiainataa tances
URSIDZE. 141
26746. The distal two-thirds of the right ulna; from the Lower
Miocene of Allier. This specimen is very similar to, but
slightly smaller than, an ulna figured by Filhol in the
Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xiv. fig. 3; it indicates a con-
siderably smaller form than the humerus, No. 26744, and
its specific reference is provisional.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
26747. The acetabular portion of the right innominate; from the
Lower Miocene of Aller.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
30988. The proximal extremity of the right femur ; from the Lower
Miocene of Allier. This bone indicates an animal of
about the same size as that to which the humerus No.
26744 belonged. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
26745. The proximal half of the left femur; wanting the great
trochanter; from the Lower Miocene of Allier. This
specimen is of about the same size as the femur of Canis
‘lupus; and is very similar to a specimen figured by Filhol
in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xv. fig. 5.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
43994. The shaft of the left femur; from the Lower Miocene of
Tangy, Aller. This bone is somewhat larger than the
femur of Canis lupus. Purchased, 1872.
30995. The right astragalus; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
This specimen is much larger than the astragalus of Canis
lupus, and somewhat larger than a specimen figured by
Filhoi in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xvi. fig. 4; its
specific determination is open to doubt.
Sravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Amphicyon ambiguus, Filhol '.
This is a large species, distinguished by the transversely elongated
form of the first and second upper true molars, and the minute size
of m. 3, which is evidently in course of disappearance.
Hab, France.
M. 1686. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the carnassial,
the first and second true molars, and the alveolus of the
third true molar; from the Upper Eocene of Bach, near
Lalbenque (Lot), France. This specimen agrees precisely
1 Comptes Rendus, yol. Ixxxii. p. 289 (1876).
142 CABNIVORA.’
with the one of the opposite side figured by Filhol in the
Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xii. fig. 23. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1377. Two specimens of a right lower carnassial; probably be-
longing to the present species ; from the Upper Eocene of
Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. The larger of the
two specimens corresponds, however, with the same tooth
in A. lemanensis (No. 26732); but that species is not re-
corded from the phosphorites. Purchased, 1884.
Amphicyon dominans, H. von Meyer’.
A species of the size of the smaller race of Amphicyon lemanensis,
with which it may possibly be identical. It has never been properly
described.
Hab. Germany.
30442. Two detached upper true molars; from the Lower Miocene
of Mayence. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
Amphicyon (?) sp.
Hab. France.
M. 1377 a. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the penultimate
true molar; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux, France.
Purchased, 1884.
Bones specifically undetermined ; from the Lower Miocene
of Aller, France’.
30984. The glenoidal extremity of the scapula.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852. —
31006. The shaft of the right humerus of a young animal of small
size. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31007. The proximal extremity of a left ulna.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1862.
30989. The proximal half of a left radius. This specimen may
belong to A. lemanensis, but is smaller than the radius
of Cams lupus. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
26735. A left radius, wanting the distal extremity. This specimen
is considerably smaller than a radius of A. lemanensis
1 Neues Jahrb, 1843, p. 388. According to Peters in the Denkschr. k. Ak. Wiss.
vol. xxix. p. 191 (1869), the species is known merely by this preliminary notice.
* These specimens are referred to Amphicyon mainly on the authority of
Bravard.
URSIDZ. 143
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xv.
fig. 3. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
30990. The distal extremity of the right radius, not improbably
belonging to A. lemanensis.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31008. A complete left radius, about half the size of that of Canis
lupus. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
30994. Part of the right innominate. This bone is nearly the same
size as the innominate of Canis lupus, and may belong
to A. lemanensis. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
26740. The right acetabulum ; of much smaller size than the last
specimen. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
26741. The right caleaneum of a young individual.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
26736. The left calcaneum of a young individual.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
26737-8. Metapodial bones. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
43990. An axis vertebra, rather larger than that of Canis lupus.
Purchased, 1872.
43991. Three dorsal vertebra. Purchased, 1872.
26742. A lumbar vertebra, of very large size.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
30982. The centrum of a vertebra.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
26743. An early caudal vertebra.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
43992. An early caudal vertebra. Purchased, 1872.
30983. Two caudal vertebrae. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Bones from the Upper Eocene of the South of France, generically
undetermined, but some of which may belong to Amphicyon.
M. 1694. Upper portion of the left femur. This specimen agrees
very closely with a Lower Miocene specimen figured by
Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xiv. fig. 4, under
the name of Amphicyon lemanensis. Purchased, 1884.
144 CARNIVORA.
M. 1695. Upper portion of the left femur. This specimen agrees
very closely with one from the Lower Miocene figured by
Filhol (op. ct. fig. 3), under the same name.
Purchased, 1884.
M. 1713. The axis vertebra of a large Carnivore. This specimen is
about 14 times the size of the axis vertebra from the Lower
Miocene, figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x.
pl. xi. fig. 2, and referred to A. lemanensis; but does
not appear much too large for the cranium figured in the
same plate. | Purchased, 1884.
M. 1714. The calcaneum, nearly of the same size as the specimen
from the Lower Miocene figured by Filhol in the Ann,
Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xvi. fig. 6.
M. 1715. Two smaller calcanea. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1716. Two right astragali. The larger may be feline.
Purchased, 1884.
M. 1717. Numerous metapodial bones. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1718. Several caudal vertebre. Purchased, 1884.
Genus SIMOCYON, A. Wagner’.
Syn. Metarctos, Gaudry?.
Pseudocyon, Wagner .
History. The history of this genus is rather complex. In 1833
Kaup (Oss. Foss. de Darmstadt, pt. 11. p. 15) described and figured
a lower jaw from Eppelsheim (of which, according to Gaudry, he
had given a preliminary notice in 1882), under the name of G'ulo dia-
phorus. In 1854 Roth and Wagner (Abh. math.-phys. Cl. k.-bay. Ak.
Wiss. vol. vii. pl. ii.) figured part of a lower jaw from Pikermi under
the name of G'ulo primigenius. Later on Wagner described another
specimen under the name of Canis lupus primigenius. In 1857 (op.
cit. vol. villi. p. 128, pl. vi. fig. 13) he figured a perfect skull and
mandible under the name of Pseudocyon robustus, referring to it both
his Gulo primigenius and Canis lupus primigenus. Inthe following
year (‘Geschichte der Vorwelt,’ vol. i1.), according to Hensel, finding
that the term Pseudocyon was preoccupied, Wagner proposed the
new generic term Stmocyon. In 1860 Gaudry (‘Comptes Rendus,’
1 Geschichte der Vorwelt, vol. ii. (1858) (deste Hensel).
2 Comptes Rendus, vol. li. p. 926 (1860).
3 Abh. math.-phys. Ol. k.-bay. Ak. Wiss. vol. viii. p. 128 (1857).
URSID A. 145
vol. li. p. 926) proposed the generic term Metarctos; and in the
following year (‘ Animaux Fossiles et Géologie de l’Attique,’ p. 37,
pl. vi. figs. 1, 2) included in it both the Eppelsheim G'ulo diaphorus
and the Pikermi Gulo primigenius, making, however, no mention
of the generic terms Pseudocyon and Simocyon. In 1862 Hensel
(Monatsb. k. preuss. Ak. Wiss. [volume for 1863] p. 566) came to
the conclusion that, on account of the difference in the number of
their teeth, Gaudry’s reference of the Eppelsheim and Pikermi
forms to the same species was erroneous; and he accordingly applied
the name Simocyon primgenius to the latter. Assuming that both
specimens belong to the same genus (of which there is no doubt), it
is evident that the generic term Simocyon is the correct one; and
that the specific name diaphorus belongs to the Eppelsheim, and
primigenius to the Pikermi form, if the latter be distinct. Seeing
that no differences can be detected between the two forms with the
exception of the variation in the number of the premolars, and
bearing in mind the instances of Jcticyon venaticus and Hyena
felina, the two forms are provisionally associated in this Catalogue.
Dentition :—I. =, C. 2 Pm. ay M. 2. The position of the
genus is evidently between the Bears and the Dogs.
Simocyon diaphorus (Kaup’).
Syn. Gulo diaphorus, Kaup.
Gulo primigentus, Roth and Wagner.
Canis lupus prinugenius, Wagner.
Amphicyon minor, Blainville’ (en parte).
Pseudocyon robustus, Wagner.
Simocyon robustus, Wagner.
Metarctos diaphorus, Gaudry.
Simocyon primigenius, Hensel.
Hab. Greece and Germany.
M. 412. Cast of the left ramus of the mandible, showing the two
true molars, the two last premolars, and the alveoli of
pm. 1 and pm.2. ‘The original of this specimen is from
the Upper Miocene of Eppelsheim, Hesse Darmstadt; and
is believed to be in the Museum at Darmstadt. It is the
type of the species ; and is figured by Kaup in the Oss.
Foss. de Darmstadt, pt. ii. pl. i. figs. 1, 2, under the name
* Archiv fir Natur, vol. v. p. 151, pl. ii. figs. 1, 2 (1832) (teste Gaudry).
Oss. Foss. de Darmstadt, pt. ii. p. 15 (1833). The references to most of the
synonyms are given above.
2 Ostéographie, genus Subursus, p. 114 (1841).
146
CARNIVORA.
of Gulo diaphorus. There are four premolars, two of
which have fallen from their alveoli.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
37355. Cast of part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the broken canine, the alveolus of pm. 1 (so determined
from the last specimen), the last premolar, the carnassial,
and the alveolus of m.2. The original is from the Lower
Pliocene of Pikermi, Attica, and is in the Munich Museum ;
it is figured by Roth and Wagner in the Abh. Math.-phys.
Cl.k.-bay. Ak. Wiss. vol. vil. pt. 2, pl. vii. figs. 1, 2, under
the name of Gulo primigenius. There are no signs of
pm.2 and pm.3 in this specimen, which agrees in this
respect with the mandible figured by Gaudry in the ‘ Ani-
maux Fossiles et Géologie de l’Attique,’ pl. vi. figs. 1, 2,
under the name of Metarctos diaphorus; the reference of
this form to the same species as the Eppelsheim jaw being
apparently somewhat provisional. In the Pikermi form
the last premolar is larger than in the Eppelsheim, but
in other respects the two are precisely similar in the form
of the jaw and teeth. Purchased, 1863.
49675. Casts of the associated cranium and mandible. ‘The originals
of these specimens are from the Lower Pliocene of Pikermi
and are preserved in the Munich Museum. They are
figured by Wagner in the Abh. Math.-phys. CL k.-bay. Ak.
Wiss. vol. vill. pl. vi. fig. 13, as Pseudocyon robustus. The
cranium shows the incisors and the canine: behind the
latter there is a small tooth which, judging from the
analogy of the lower jaw, should probably be regarded as
pm.1; there is a small interval, without any trace of
alveoli, between this tooth and the carnassial, the latter
being followed by the two true molars. The mandible
shows the incisors and the canine, and contains pm. 4, m. 1,
and m.2. There is no trace of the alveolus of pm. 1, which
is present in No, 37355.
The retention of the first premolar in both jaws, after
the disappearance of the second and third teeth in both
jaws, is analogous to the condition prevailing in Ursus
and Hycnarctos. Purchased, 1879.
E
2
URSID, 147
Genus CEPHALOGALE, Jourdan’.
eid Sa 4 2
Dentition :—I. 3? C. p Pm. 7) M. 3°
Cephalogale geoffroyi, Jourdan’.
This species has been recorded both from the Lower Miocene and
Upper Eocene.
Hab. France.
26739. Part of the right maxilla, containing the carnassial and
the first true molar; from the Lower Miocene of Allier,
France. This specimen is referred to the present species
on the authority of Filhol (Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3,
a pp. 117, 118): it agrees in size with the corresponding
| part of the type cranium (op. cit. pl. xvul.), but the inner
tubercle of the carnassial appears somewhat smaller.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
rT s
Cephalogale brevirostris (Croizet”*).
Syn. Canis brevirostris, Croizet.
Canis issiodorensis, Blainville (non Croizet).
Amphicyon brevirostris, Pomel.
Cephalogale minor, Filhol *.
Hab. Kurope.
This species is referred to Cephalogale by Filhol, in the Ann. Sci.
Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 119 (1879); the reasons for uniting with it
C. minor are given below’. Filhol (Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat.
Toulouse, 1882, p. 37) has recorded his C. minor both from the
Lower Miocene of Allier and the Upper Eocene of Tarn-et-Garonne.
31004. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the canine and all the cheek-teeth except pm. 1
and m. 3, which have fallen from their sockets; from the
Lower Miocene of Allier, France. This specimen seems
precisely similar to the one figured by De Blainville
(‘ Ostéographie,’ genus Canis, pl. xiii.) under the name of
Canis brevirostris, and is intermediate in size between the
1 Bull. Soc. Sav. 1862 (deste Filhol).
2 Ibid. The species is described and figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. x. art. 3, p. 107, pl. xvii. (1879).
8 Gervais and Bronn give the reference for the specific name as Bull. Soe.
Géol. France, ser. 1, vol. iv. p. 25; but it does not occur there.
4 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 118 (1879).
5 In the ‘ Palxontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 247, the species is given
as an Amphicyon, the writer not having then noticed Filhol’s redetermination.
L2
148
M. 1687.
CARNIVORA.
two mandibles figured by Filhol in the Ann. Soc. Sci.
Phys. Nat. Toulouse, 1882, pl. v. figs. 2,4. There is a
well-marked cingulum on the outer surface of m.1. The
space occupied by the five middle cheek-teeth is 0,045,
and the depth of the jaw at the carnassial 0,016.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The nearly complete right ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the alveoli of the incisors, the canine, and all the:
cheek-teeth except m. 2; from the Upper Eocene of Bach,
near Lalbenque (Lot), France. This specimen, which is
represented in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 20), is
Fig. 20.
Cephalogale brevirostris (Croizet).—-The right ramus of the mandible ;
M. 1688.
from the Upper Eocene of Bach. +.
intermediate in size between the larger of the two man-
dibles figured by Filhol (Ann. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse,
1882, pl. v. fig. 4) under the name of Cephalogale manor,
and the one figured by the same writer in the Aun. Sci.
Géol. vol. x. pl. xviii. fig. 10, under the name of C. brevi-
rostris. The space occupied by the five middle cheek-
teeth is 0,0475, that by the four premolars 0,032, and the
depth of the jaw at the carnassial 0,0176. 7
Purchased, 1884.
The anterior portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing the alveolus of the canine, the four premolars,
and the blade of the carnassial; from the Upper Hocene
of Bach. This specimen agrees very closely with the one
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xviii.
fic. 10, under the name of (C. brevirostris. The length of
URSID&. 149
the space occupied by the four premolars is 0,0355, and
the depth of the jaw at the carnassial 0,0186.
In the following table the dimensions of the three
specimens figured by Filhol under the names of -C. minor
and C. brevirostris are compared with those of the present
and the two preceding specimens, viz. :—
Filhol, No. Filhol, No. No. Filhol,
No.1. 31004. No.2. M. 1687. M. 1688 No.3.
Space occupied by ]
5 middle cheek- + 0,039 0,045 0,042 0,0475 ies 0,055
5 ee J
Space occupied by , ds
4 premolars ...... \ 0,032 0,0355
Depth of jaw at m1. 0,012 0,016 0,0175 0,0176 0,0186 0,020
In Filhol’s specimen No. 2 the second true molar is
relatively short, and, if this be borne in mind, it will be
seen that there is such a gradual increase in point of size
from the smallest to the largest specimen that no distinc-
tion can be drawn in this respect; and since there is no
structural difference in any of the specimens, it seems
necessary to refer them all to one species, and to abolish
Filhol’s Cephalogale minor. Purchased, 1884.
Bones provisionally referred to large Canoids ; from the Upper-
Eocene Phosphorites of France.
M. 1710-11. An associated right humerus and left tibia; from
Bach, near Lalbenque (Lot), France. These bones are
slightly larger than two specimens of the homologous
bones figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. i.
pl. xvui. figs. 42, 43, but present precisely similar charac-
ters. It has been suggested that the figured specimens
may belong to Brachycyon gaudryi, Filhol. The humerus
is remarkable for the great width of the distal extremity,
and especially of the part surrounding the entepicondylar
foramen, which is of very large size. There is a supra-
condylar perforation, which is not found in Amphicyon.
Purchased, 1884.
M. 1712. The right calcaneum of a large Carnivore; from Jamb-
lousse, near Limogne (Lot), France. Purchased, 1884.
150 CARNIVORA.
Subfamily Ursin a.
As already mentioned, it is difficult to say whether the genus
_ Dinocyon should be referred to the present or the preceding sub-
family.
Genus DINOCYON, Jourdan".
Dentition :—I. :, C. as Pm. :, M. — The dentition is very
similar to that of Hycenarctos, the most important difference being —
the more dog-like form of the upper true molars.
Dinocyon thenardi, Jourdan’.
Hab. France.
41140. Cast of the hinder part of the left ramus of the mandible,
showing the carnassial and the two tubercular molars.
The original of this specimen, which is one of the types of —
the genus and species, was obtained from the Middle
Miocene of Grive-St.-Alban (Isére), France, and is pre-
served in the Museum of Natural History at Lyons. It
is figured by Filhol in the Arch. Mus. Lyon, vol. 11.
pl. ii. figs. 4, 5. Purchased, 1868.
Genus HY ZENARCTOS, Falconer and Cautley *.
Syn. Agriotherium, A. Wagner + (teste P. Gervais).
Ampluarctos, Blainville *.
Stwalarctos (Sivalours), Blainville °.
Fiyzenarctos sivalensis, Falconer and Cautley’.
Syn. Ursus sivalensis, Falconer and Cautley °.
Agriotherrum sivalense, Wagner.
Amphiarctos swalensis, Blainville.
Swalarctos swalensis, Blainville.
Bee, Ba 3 2
Dentition :—I. 5, C. 5, Pm. 5, M. 5.
Hab. India.
* Comptes Rendus, vol. liii. p. 962 (1861). * Loe. cit.
° In Owen’s ‘ Odontography,’ p. 505 (1840-45). For the history of this
genus see ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 219.
* Gelehrte Anzeigen, 1837. The present writer has been unable to find the
passage.
° Ostéographie, genus Subursus, p. 102 (1841).
* Comptes Rendus, vol. xiii. p. 165 (1841); Ostéographie, genus Sud-
wrsus, p. 114 (1841).
” Asiatic Researches, vol. xix. p. 193 (1836), Ursus.
© Loc, cit.
oe
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4 _
Sin
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URSIDE. sisy|
39721. Cranium ; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India.
(f1g.)
This specimen: is the type of the genus and species, and is
described by Falconer and Cautley in the passage of the
‘Asiatic Researches’ already cited. It is also described
by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. u. p. 220 et seq.; and is figured by Falconer and
Cautley, of one third the natural size, in figs. 1, la, 10, of
plate O of the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis:’ it is also
figured, of one fourth the natural size, in ‘ Falconer’s
Paleontological Memoirs’ (pl. xxvi. fig. 1). ‘The dentition
of one side is figured, of the natural size, in fig. 1 ¢ of the
first-mentioned plate; and, of three fourths the natural
size, in fig. 2 of the second plate. The dentition is also
figured from the lateral and palatal aspects, of one third
the natural size, in plate cxxxi. of Owen’s ‘ Odontography.’
In fig. 5 of plate xxx. of the above-quoted volume of the
‘ Palecontologia Indica,’ the dentition of the left side (the
canine having been restored from the opposite side) is
’ figured from the palatal aspect, of the natural size.
In this specimen the carnassial (pm 4.) and the two true
molars are perfect on the left, and but slightly damaged
on the opposite side. Both canines are present, that of
the right side being nearly perfect. The alveoli of the
premolars and incisors are distinct, although the teeth
themselves have dropped out. The only considerable defi-
ciencies are in the posterior and lower part of the occiput,
both zygomatic arches, and in the lower end of the nasals,
where a fissure extends across the face on both sides
towards the orbits. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
39722. Part of the right ramus of the mandible; from the Pliocene
(fig.)
of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen is figured by Fal-
coner and Cautley from the outer side (reversed) in plate O.
fig. 2 of the ‘ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis’ (3), and in vol. 1.
plate xxvi. fig. 3 of ‘ Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs’
(z): itis also figured from the dental aspect in fig. 2 a of
the former plate (+), and in fig. 4 of the latter (2); and
in plate cxxxi. figs. 3 and 4 of Owen’s ‘ Odontography ’ (3).
Lt is described by the present writer in the ‘ Palezontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 1. pp. 223-4. This specimen is broken
off where the canine emerges from its alveolus; the im-
bedded portion of that tooth presenting an antero-posterior
diameter of 0,041, and a transverse of 0,025. The
a2 CARNIVORA.
cheek-teeth are six in number, but of the first two and
the last only the alveoli remain. .The teeth are much
worn, indicating the advanced age of the animal. The
first alveolus is placed a short distance behind the canine,
and consists of a single cavity, which, judging from the
analogy of Ursus, probably contained pm. 1; pm. 2 being
absent’. The second alveolus is placed very close to the
first, and also to the succeeding tooth: it must have
carried the third premolar (pm. 3); and there could not
have been another tooth between this and the first alveolus.
The fourth premolar is a distinctly trilobed tooth. The
carnassial is much damaged, and the third molar has
fallen from its alveolus.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
39725-6. The associated right radius and ulna; from the Pliocene.
(Fig.) of the Siwalik Hills. These specimens are figured by
Falconer and Cautley in supplemental plate O. fig. 4 of
the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis;’ and are noticed by the
present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii.
p. 225.. Presented by Gen. Sir W. EL. Baker, K.C_B. 1848.
39724. Distal extremity of a metacarpal; from the Pliocene of the
(Fig.) | Siwalik Hills. This specimen is figured by Falconer and
Cautley in plate O. fig. 6 of the ‘Fauna Antiqua Siva-
lensis;’? and is noticed by the writer in the ‘ Paleon-
tologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 11. p. 225.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37147. Part of a phalangeal ; fromthe Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills.
(Fig.) This specimen is figured in plate O. fig. 7 of the ‘ Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis,’ and is noticed by the present writer
in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 11. p. 225.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37143. The axis vertebra; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills.
(Fig.) This bone is figured in plate O. fig. 3 of the ‘ Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis,’ where it is referred to the present
species. It is noticed by the present writer in the ‘ Pale-
ontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. i. p. 225, where doubt is -
expressed as to the correctness of the generic reference.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842,
1 In the memoir cited the present writer considered that the first cheek-tooth
was probably pm. 2.
URSIDZ. bbs
39723. The right femur; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills.
(Fig.)
This specimen is figured in plate O. fig. 5 of the ‘ Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis ;? and is described and figured by the
present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vols. p: 224 %pl- expe fess 15 Tay Lb:
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Elyzenarctos punjabiensis, Lydekker'’.
Dentition :—I. 3, C. ;, Pm. 2, M. 2.
Hab. India.
M. 1564. Cast of five associated upper cheek-teeth. The originals
of these specimens were obtained from the Siwaliks of the
Punjab, India, and are preserved in the Indian Museum,
Calcutta: with the mandible noticed below, they are the
type of the species. These teeth comprehend pm. 4 and
m.1 of either side, and an early premolar of one side;
they are described and figured by the present writer in
the ‘ Paleeontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 11. pp. 226-7,
pl. xxx. fig. 2. The carnassial is distinguished from that
of H. swalensis by the smaller size of the anterior talon,
and a difference in the size and position® of the inner
tubercle. The true molar is distinguished by the more
quadrate form of the crown, by the convexity of the pos-
terior border, and by the smaller degree of development
of the external cingulum, and the somewhat less bold
form of the outer lobes: the most marked distinction is,
however, the closer approximation of the central line of
Fig. 21.
Hyenarctos punjabiensis.—Third left upper true molar, from a specimen of the
maxilla; from the Siwaliks of the Punjab. Indian Museum, Calcutta. }.
(From the ‘ Palzontologia Indica.’)
1 Paleontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind,), ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 226 (1884).
154
M. 1565.
CARNIVORA.
the outer lobes and the internal ridge. The accompanying
woodeut (fig. 21) shows a last left upper true molar of the
present species, taken from a maxilla in the Indian Museum,
from the Siwaliks of the Punjab, and described by the
present writer in the passage cited. Purchased, 1884.
Cast of the nearly complete mandible, containing both
rami, and showing the canines and three true molars,
with the alveoli of three premolars. The original of this
specimen was obtained from the Siwaliks of the Punjab,
and is preserved in the Indian Museum, Caleutta. It is
described and figured by the present writer in the ‘ Palzon-
tologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. pp. 229-31, pl. xxxi. figs. 1,
la. In the figure the small tooth behind the canine is
i Baal 2
Dentition :—I. 5, C. 7, Pm. 5, M. IO"
lettered pm. 2 (?): it seems, however, from Ursus that it
is more probably pm. 1. Purchased, 1884.
Hyzenarctos palzindicus, Lydekker’.
2
Hab. India.
M. 1561.
M. 1562.
Cast of a portion of the right maxilla, containing the
carnassial and the two true molars. The original of this
specimen, which is the type, was obtained from the
Siwaliks of the Punjab, and is preserved in the Indian
Museum, Calcutta. It is described and figured by the
present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. i. pp. 232-4, pl. xxx. fig. 1. The teeth are more
dog-like than those of H. svalensis and H. punjabiensis, and
thereby indicate nearer affinity to Dinocyon.
Purchased, 1884.
Cast of a fragment of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing m. 2, in an unworn condition. The origina] of
this specimen is from the Siwaliks of the Punjab, and
is preserved in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. It is de-
scribed and figured by the present writer in the ‘ Paleon-
tologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 11. pp. 234-5, pl. xxxi. fig. 3.
The reference of this and the next specimen to the present
species is provisional. There are no traces of any alveolus -
for m.3; from which it has been inferred that this tooth
was probably absent. Purchased, 1884.
1 Paleontologia Indica (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 232
(1884).
URSIDZ. yao
M. 1363. Cast of a fragment of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing pm.4 and m.1, with the alveolus of pm. 3.
The original of this specimen was obtained from the
Siwaliks of the Punjab, and is preserved in the Indian
Museum, Calcutta. It is figured by the present writer
in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 11. pp. 234-5,
pl. xxxi. fig. 2. The last premolar is much smaller than
in H. punjabiensis, and pm.3 is inserted by two distinct
fangs, which is not the case in that species or in Z. siva-
lensis. Purchased, 1884.
Elyzenarctos, sp.
Hab. England.
44583. Cast of the first left upper true molar. The original of this
specimen was obtained from the Red Crag of Suffolk;
and isin the Reed Collection in the York Museum. This
Fig. 22.
Hyenarctos, sp. First right upper true premolar ; from the Red Crag: a, from
the masticating surface; 6, from the outer side; the dotted line in a
represents the outline of the York specimen. +. (From the Geological
Society’s ‘ Journal.’)
Specimen, together with the correspending tooth of the
right side (represented in the accompanying woodcut,
fig. 22, and now in the Canham Collection of the Ipswich
Museum), have been provisionally referred by Flower,
in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxiii. p. 534, to
Hycenarctos siwalensis. The present writer has, however,
suggested, in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii.
pp. 227-8, that this provisional reference is doubtful.
Purchased, 1884.
Hyzenarctos (?), sp.
tee: 3 1 Prove 2
Dentitrion :—I. 5, C. 7, Pm. 5, M. 5.
Hab. Italy.
156
CARNIVORA.
37348. Cast of the right ramus of the mandible. The original of
this specimen was obtained from the Middle Miocene of
Monte Bamboli, Tuscany, and is believed to be preserved
in the Museum at Pisa. The specimen contains the
canine, the third and fourth premolars, and the three true
molars. It is described and figured by Meneghini in the
Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat.-vol. iv. p. 18, plo 12a isco)
under the name of Amphicyon laurillardi. P. Gervais
has, however, in the ‘ Zoologie et Paléontologie Générales,’
ser. 2, p. 22 (1876), referred it to Hyanarctos. The
teeth agree exactly with those of that genus, the carnas-
sial being of the same form as that of H. paleindicus ;
but pm. 41s relatively larger and pm. 3 inserted by one
fang, as in H. punjabiensis. The Italian jaw is, how-
ever, greatly inferior in size to either of the three Indian
species. The fourth premolar is a. characteristic tooth,
and wants the cusps which occur on the posterior border
in Amphicyon and Canis.
It is possible that this specimen really belongs to a new
species of Hycnarctos; but it is also possible that it may
belong to Dinocyon, since the upper jaw figured by P. Ger-
vais in the Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. pl. Ixxxi.
figs. 8, 9, under the name of Hycnarctos hemicyon, has been
shown by the present writer, in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’
ser. 10, vol. i. p. 202, to probably belong to Dinocyon;
and the Italian jaw indicates an animal of about the same
size. Unfortunately, pm. 4 of Dinocyon hemicyon is un-
known; and until that tooth be discovered it is impossible
to say whether the present specimen may not have
belonged to that genus or species. Purchased, 1868.
Hyzenarctos, sp.
Hab. China.
98588. The second right lower true molar, in a partially worn
(fig.)
condition ; from the Pliocene (?) of South China. This
specimen (woodcut, fig. 23) agrees exactly in size and
general contour with the corresponding tooth of H. punja-
biensis; the cusps and ridges are, however, somewhat less
prominent, and the central depression on the posterior
half is flatter. The specimen is insufficient for determining
whether the species to which it belongs is distinct from one
of the Siwalik species; but the occurrence of the genus in
China (assuming that the tooth was not imported into
URSID®. 157
Fig. 23.
Hyenaretos, sp. Second right lower true molar ; from the
Pliocene (?) of China, }.
1
that country) is of considerable interest. The specimen
has been previously noticed by the present writer in the
Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. 1, p. 444 (1884).
Presented by D. Hanbury, Esq. 1853.
Genus ARCTOTHERIUM, Bravard'.
Syn. Arctoidotherium, Bravard, MS.
ie 3
Dentition :—I. C. > Pm. 75 M. =
Arctotherium bonariense (P. Gervais’).
Syn. (2) Ursus braziliensis, Lund *.
Ursus bonariensis, P. Gervais +.
. Arctothertum latidens, Bravard ’.
Hab. 8S. America.
32915-6. The cranium and mandible, from the Pleistocene of the
(Fig.) banks of the river Plata, Buenos Ayres. The cranium, of
which the palate is represented in the accompanying
woodcut (fig. 24), is imperfect posteriorly, and the man-
dible has lost the hinder part of the right ramus. The
teeth are in a well-worn condition.
From the suppression of pm. 1, the double roots of pm. 3,
the squareness of m. 1, and the smaller extent of the back-
ward prolongation of the talon of m. 2, it is pretty certain
: that the South-American fossil is generically distinct from
Ursus, and there is as little doubt that it is equally distinct
from Hycnarctos. It forms, in fact, a genus almost pre-
1 Catalogue des Espéces d’Animaux Fossiles recueilles dans l’Amérique de
Sud (Parana, 1860), zeste P. Gervais.
2 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, lst ed. vol. i. p. 189 (1848-52), Ursus.
8 Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), ser. 2, vol. xi. p. 224 (1839).
really belongs to the same species, has the priority.
4 Loc. cit. 5 Loe. cit.
This name, if it
158 CARNIVORA.
Arctotherium bonariense. Palatal view of the cranium; from the Pleistocene
of Buenos Ayres. 3. (From the ‘Palzontologia Indica.’)
cisely intermediate between the other two—H. punja-
biensis being the species of Hyawnarctos most nearly related
to it. From the study of the teeth, Falconer came to the
conclusion that while Hycnarctos was probably carni-
vorous, Arctotherium subsisted on a vegetable diet. This
skull, together with the following associated specimens,
has been recently mounted as a skeleton.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852. 4
32917-23. The seven cervical vertebra, associated with No. 32915.
3292436. Thirteen dorsal vertebra of the same.
32937-43. Seven lumbar vertebree of the same.
32944. The sacrum of the same.
32945-8. Four caudal vertebra of the same.
32949-68. Twenty sibs of the same.
32969. The right ulna of the same.
URSID HE. : 159
32970. Part of the right innominate of the same.
32971. The right femur of the same.
32972. The right tibia of the same.
32973. The right radius of the same.
32974-91. Bones of the right hind foot of the same.
Genus URSUS, Linn.'
Dentition :—I. - C. Pm. a M. a “The three anterior pre-
molars above and below are very small, one-rooted, and often early
deciduous, especially the second, which is rarely present in adult
animals” (Flower).
Ursus spelzeus, Rosenmiiller’.
Syn. Ursus arctoideus, Blumenbach (teste Owen).
Ursus fornicatus magnus, Schmerling,
Ursus fornicatus minutus, Schmerling.
Ursus planus, Oken.
The earlier premolars are usually absent; when present they are
not crowded together; the inner tubercle of pm.4 is elongated.
The last lower premolar usually has two small cusps on the inner
side in advance of the main cusps.
Hab. Europe.
* . The skeleton, made up from bones belonging to different indi-
viduals and from different localities. The different bones
bear distinctive numbers, and some of them are entered
below.
28544. The cranium, wanting the incisors and the left canine; from
a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia. The specimen is of
enormous size, and the teeth are very much worn.
Purchased, 1853.
43713. The cranium, wanting the incisors; from a cavern in
Lozére, France. This specimen is as large as the last, but
the teeth are not so much worn.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
4 (0.C.). The cranium, wanting most of the teeth; from the Gai-
lenreuth Cave. Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 69 (1766).
? Oss. Fossil. Animal, p. 18 (1794).
160 CARNIVORA.
28545. The cranium, wanting the incisors and both zygomatic
arches; from a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia. This
specimen is of large size, and the teeth are much worn.
Purchased, 1853.
28545 a. The cranium, wanting the incisors and the right canine ;_
from the Sophia Cavern, Franconia, Bavaria. The teeth
are in a well-worn condition, and the last molar is of
unusual length, being longer than the two preceding teeth.
Purchased, 1853.
28545 b. The cranium, wanting both zygomatic arches, the incisors,
and the left canine; from the Sophia Cavern, Franconia.
The teeth are in a middle condition of wear, and m. 2 is
somewhat above the normal length. Purchased, 1853.
7 (0.C.). Cranium, wanting the left zygomatic arch and most of the
teeth ; from a cavern. The molars are very much. worn.
Purchased.
28545 c. The cranium, wanting the right zygomatic arch and the
incisors ; from a cavern. Purchased.
7833. The cranium, imperfect; from a cavern. The molars are
scarcely worn; the incisors do not appear to belong to the
specimen. Mantell Collection. Purchased, 1836.
43005. The cranium, imperfect ; from a cavern near Liége, France.
Van Breda Oollection. Purchased, 1871.
4a(0.C.). The cranium, imperfect; from the Gailenreuth Cave (?).
The teeth are unworn. Punchasa
28546. The cranium, wanting both zygomatic arches and all the
teeth except the carnassial and the first true molar; from
a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia. The true molar is
partially worn ; and the specimen is remarkable for exhi-
biting the alveoli of the first and third premolars. The
cranium has a very regular profile, probably indicating
that it belongs to a female individual. Purchased, 1853.
43798. The cranium, imperfect; from the cavern of Nabrigas
(Lozére), France. The teeth are scarcely worn.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
8 (0. C.). Cranium, with portions of the femur and humerus attached ;
from a cavern in Muggendorf, Franconia, Bavaria. ;
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1857.
ee es
URSIDZ. 161
M. 378. Greater part of the cranium of a female, showing the
cheek-teeth in a much-worn condition; fromthe Gailenreuth
Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 377. Cranium, with the molars in an unworn condition ; from
the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
6 (0.C.). The cranium of a male, with the molars in a well-worn
condition: from a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia. This
specimen, in which the nasals and zygomatic arches are
wanting, is remarkable for its extreme length and the
great development of the sagittal crest.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
17501. Cranium, wanting part of the left zygomatic arch and all the
cutting-teeth except the left canine, with the molars in a
much-worn condition; from the Sophia Cavern, Fran-
conia. Purchased.
M. 377 a. Cranium of a male, wanting the incisors and the nasals
and zygomatic arches ; from the Gailenreuth Cave. Only
the two last molars remain, which are in a well-worn con-
dition. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
‘M. 377. Cranium, wanting the incisors and the right canine; from
the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
2(0.C.). Hinder part of the cranium ; from a cavern in Muggen-
dorf, Franconia. Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
43795. The anterior portion of the cranium, showing the three
cheek-teeth in an unworn condition ; from the cavern of
Nabrigas (Lozére), France.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
7 (0.C.). The anterior portion of the cranium, showing nearly all
the teeth in an unworn condition; from the Gailenreuth
Cave. Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
43714. Part of the left maxilla, containing the two true molars, in
a well-worn condition ; from a cavern.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852,
43715. Part of the right maxilla, containing the three cheek-teeth
In an unworn condition ; from a cavern.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
M
162 CARNIVORA.
43796. Part of the right maxilla, containing the two true molars
in an unworn condition ; from a cavern.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43805. The nearly complete mandible of a sub-adult individual
showing the canines and the cheek-teeth, in an unworn
condition ; from a cavern. This specimen is remarkable
for containing the alveoli of the first premolars of either
side. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43005 a. The nearly complete mandible of a sub-adult individual ;
from a cavern near Liége, France.
Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
43847. The greater portion of the mandible of a sub-adult indi-
vidual, showing the canines, pm. 4, and m. 1; from a cavern.
This specimen is remarkable for the almost total absence
of the cusps on the inner side of pm. 4. | .
Bravard Oollection. Purchased, 1852.
9 (0.C.). The mandible of a small individual, wanting the incisors
and three of the cheek-teeth ; from a cavern in Sundwig,
Westphalia. Sémmering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
43800. The mandible of an immature individual, showing the per-
manent dentition imperfectly protruded; from a cavern.
On the right side there is the alveolus of an extremely
minute pm. 3, which evidently had no predecessor.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28548. The right ramus of the mandible of a very large and aged
individual ; from a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia.
Purchased, 1858.
17495. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors ;
from the Sophia Cavern, Franconia. Purchased.
17496. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors ;
from the Sophia Cavern, Franconia. The last molar is very
short and wide. Purchased.
M. 287. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors, of
a huge individual; from the Kihloch Caye, Franconia.
The last molar is very wide. » -
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882,
17497. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors ; from
the Sophia Cavern, Franconia. Purchased.
URSIDZ. 163
43762. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors ; from
a cavern. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28549. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors, pm. 4,
and m. 1; from a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia.
| Purchased, 1858.
43803. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors ;
from a cavern. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
9 (0.C.). The right ramus of the mandible, containing the last two
teeth ; from a cavern in Sundwig.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
43848. The right ramus of the mandible of a young individual,
wanting the incisors and the last molar; from a cavern.
This specimen shows the alveoli of pm. 1 and pm. 2.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
16448. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors ; from
(fig.) - the Forest-bed of Bacton, Norfolk. This specimen is de-
scribed and its dentition figured by Owen in the ‘ British
Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ p. 89, fig. 35c, p. 106. The
teeth are of very small size.
Green Collection. Purchased, 18438.
18307. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible of a very young
(fig.) individual, containing the second true molar ; from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern, Torquay. This specimen is figured by Owen
in the ‘ British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ fig. 36, p. 108.
In the figure the canine is shown, which is now wanting.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
26490. The greater portion of the mandible of an adolescent indi-
vidual; from a cavern. This specimen is remarkable in
that the molars of one side differ in form from those of the
other. No lustory.
17498. The left ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors ; from
the Sophia Cavern, Franconia. Purchased.
98547. The left ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors, and
of very large size; from a cavern in Sundwig, West-
phalia. Purchased, 1853.
43721. The left ramus of the mandible, with the teeth much worn ;
from a cavern. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
mM 2
164 CARNIVORA.
9a(0.C.). The left ramus of the mandible, containing the canine
and the last two molars; from a cavern in Sundwig,
Westphalia. Séommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
10 (0.C.). Hinder part of the left ramus of a very large mandible,
containing the last two molars; from a cavern in
Sundwig, Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
725, 18277. Two canines; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
48731. A canine ; from Brixham Cave, near Torquay. This speci-
(fig.) men is figured by Busk in the Phil. Trans. for 1878,
pl. xlvi. fig. 1, and provisionally referred to the present
species. Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48757. A canine; from Brixham Cave, Torquay. This specimen is
similar to the last. .
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
28552. Two canines of enormous size; from a cavern in Sundwig,
Westphalia. Purchased, 1853.
39786. The last right upper true molar; from a cavern at Mont-
martre, France. Purchased, 1862.
21237x. Several upper molars; from the Gailenreuth Cave. A
last molar among these specimens is remarkable for the
excessive width of its talon. Purchased.
189289. Molar and canine teeth ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay.
Presented by Rev. Upton Richards, 1845.
16685, 16726, 16747. Molar teeth ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
43811. Two humeri (and others imperfect); from a cavern in
Nabrigas (Lozére), France. nigh
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43729. Proximal extremity of the left humerus, of gigantic size ;
from a cavern in Nabrigas.
Lravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43812. The right and left ulne of the same individual; from a
cavern in Nabrigas. bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43731. The associated left ulna and radius; from a cavern in
Nabrigas. bLrevard. Collection.. Purchased, 1852.
URSID&. 165
43778. Four specimens of the proximal extremity of the ulna; from
a cavern in Nabrigas.
; Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43776. The right radius ; from a cavern in Nabrigas.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
17489. The left radius, of small size; from the Sophia Cavern,
Franconia. Purchased.
43815. The left carpus and metacarpus; from a cavern in
Nabrigas. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43735-40. The metacarpals and phalanges of the two feet; from
the caverns of Lozére.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
32507. Two metacarpals of very large size; from a cavern in the
Department of Doubs, France.
Tesson Collection. Purchased, 1857.
M. 232.-The sacrum and pelvis; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Mounted in the skeleton.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
17551. The sacrum and pelvis of a small individual, incomplete ;
from the Sophia Cavern, Franconia. Purchased.
43749, 43741. Parts of the innominate; from a cavern in Nabrigas.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43744, 43751, 43787, 48822. Four specimens of the tibia; from
a cavern in Nabrigas. No. 43744 is mounted in the
skeleton. « Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43752. The left fibula; from a cavern in Nabrigas.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
43742. The left femur, of large size; from a cavern in Nabrigas.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
17472. The left femur, of small size; from the Sophia < vern,
Franconia. Purchased.
43742 a. The distal extremity of the right femur, of large size;
from a cavern in Nabrigas.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
46139. The proximal two-thirds of the left femur; dredged off the
eastern coast of England.
Owles Collection, Purchased, 1874,
166 CARNTVORA.
43747, 43757. The metatarsal and phalangeal bones of the two feet ;
from a cavern in Nabrigas.
Bravard Oollection. Purchased, 1852,
43723. The greater part of the vertebral column; from a cavern
in Nabrigas. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
49174. The broken atlas vertebra, of large size; from the Kithlock
Cave, Franconia.
Presented by the Earl of Enniskillen, 1878.
21273x. The atlas and axis vertebra ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Purchased.
Note.—There is a very large series of remains of this species in the
Museum which it has not been considered advisable to catalogue.
It comprehends specimens from the following localities, viz.:—-
Sophia Cavern, Franconia, Bavaria.
Sundwig, Westphalia.
Muggendorf, Franconia.
Kent’s-Hole Cavern (McEnery Collection).
Gailenreuth Cave, Franconia (Hgerton Collection).
Kuhlock Cave, Franconia (Enniskillen Collection).
Grsus horribilis, Ord.’
Syn. Ursus bourgugnat, Lartet?.
Ursus cinereus, Desmarest.
Ursus ferox, Richardson.
Ursus ferox fossilis, Busk.
Ursus fossilis, Goldfuss °.
Ursus horridus, Baird.
Ursus priscus, Cuvier 4 and Goldfuss °*.
Ursus planifrons, Denny °.
Ursus richardsont, Baird.
Danis cinereus, Gray.
In this species the jugal arcade is elliptical, and less nearly cir-
cular than in Ursus arctos, while the posterior narial aperture is
narrower and usually more rounded than in that species. The
last upper true molar is but slightly contracted posteriorly, the
inner tubercle of pm. 4 is very large, the premolars are separate, and
the palate is flattened. According to Busk there is usually a minute
1 In Guthrie’s ‘Geography,’ 2nd American ed., vol. ii, pp. 291, 299 (1815),
teste Baird.
2 Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, vol. viii. p. 161 (1867).
® Nova Acta Ac. Cees. Leop.-Oar. vol. x. pt. 2, pp. 259-276 (1821).
4 Oss. Foss. vol. iv. p. 880 (1823).
5 Nova Acta Ac. Cas. Leop.-Car. vol. xi. pt 2, p. 468 (1823).
® Proc. Geol, Soc, W. Riding Yorksh., April 1864.
URSID #. 167
inner cusp to pm. 4, corresponding to the hinder of the two inner
cusps in the homologous tooth of U. speleus. In one recent cranium
(B. M. No. 11376), however, this cusp is absent; and it is also
wanting in some of the specimens noticed below.
Hab. North America (Recent), and Europe (Pleistocene).
1 (0.C.). Cranium and mandible, wanting the upper incisors, the
(Ffig.) earlier premolars, and the right zygomatic arch; from a
cavern in Muggendorf, Franconia, Bavaria. This fine
specimen is the type of the so-called Ursus fossilis, and is
figured and described under that name by Goldfuss in
the Nova Acta Ac. Ces. Leop.-Car. vol. x. pt. 2, p. 259,
pl.xx.c. Itis also figured, under the name of U. priscus,
by Cuvier in the ‘Ossemens Fossiles,’ vol. iv. pl. clxxxix.
figs. 5, 6 (1823); and the right lower dentition is figured
by Owen in the ‘British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’
p. 106, fig. 353, under the same name. The specimen is
of relatively small size, and the cheek-teeth are but little
_worn. Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
M. 230. Cranium of a very large male; from alluvium near Balli-
(fig.) | namore, County Leitrim, Ireland. In this specimen all
the teeth except the canines and the last true molars have
fallen from their sockets. It is described and figured by
Leith Adams in the Proc. R. Dublin Soe. new ser. vol. ii.
p. 51, pl. ii. (1878). The last molar is unusually narrow
behind. Enmskullen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
28906. Cranium, wanting the incisors, some of the cheek-teeth,
and part of the left zygomatic arch; from a bog at
Clonbourne, near Parsonstown, King’s County, Ireland.
This specimen is of medium size, and the molars are very
much worn; it is described by Leith Adams in the Proc.
R. Dublin Soe. new ser. vol. ii. pp. 53-4.
Transferred from the Antiquarian Department, 1854.
38153. Cast of the cranium, wanting all the teeth; from a bog
between Moyvore and Ballymahon, County Longford,
Ireland. The original of this specimen is in the Leeds
Museum, and seems to be the original of Ursus plani-
frons, Denny : it is described by Leith Adams in the Proc.
R. Dublin Soc. new ser. vol. ii. pp. 52-3.
By exchange with the Royal Dublin Society.
23139. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the two true molars,
in a partially worn condition; from the Pleistocene of
Grays, Essex. Purchased, 1848.
168 CARNIVORA.
22030. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the last premolar and the three true molars, in an almost
unworn condition; from the Pleistocene of Grays. The
molars are of great relative width, and the inner cusp of
pm. 4 is almost wanting. Purchased, 1848.
21652. Hinder portion of the right ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the second true molar; from the Pleistocene of
Grays. This specimen is of very large size.
Purchased, 1848.
22030a. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the two true molars, in a partially worn condition, and
the alveoli of the two preceding teeth; from the Pleisto-
cene of Grays. Purchased, 1848.
21289. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
last true molar and the alveoli of the three preceding teeth ;
from the Pleistocene of Grays. Purchased, 1848,
22029. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the four last cheek-teeth and the alveolus of the
canine ; from the Pleistocene of Grays. The last molar is
remarkably short in this specimen, and there is no inner
cusp to pm. 4, although the talon has two distinct cusps.
Purchased, 1848.
23138. Portion of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
last premolar (broken) and the first and second true
molars; from the Pleistocene of Grays. Purchased, 1848,
28977. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the three true molars (the first broken); from the Pleis-
tocene (?) of Woodbridge, Suffolk. The teeth are of large
size, and m, 2 is unusually wide behind. Purchased, 1848.
91651. The left ramus of the mandible, containing the broken
canine and the alveoli of the cheek-teeth ; from the Pleis-
tocene of Grays. The specific reference of this specimen
is merely provisional. Purchased, 1848,
47677. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
(Trig.) containing the alveoli of the incisors, the broken base of
the canine, the alveolus of pm. 1, the first and second true
molars in a slightly worn condition, and the alveolus of
m. 33; from the Genista Cave, Gibraltar. This specimen
el
URSID ZH. 169
is described and figured by Busk in the Trans. Zool. Soc.
vol. x. p. 64, pl. iv. figs. 1, 2’, where (together with the
specimens from the same locality noticed below) it is
provisionally referred to the present species, or to a form
intermediate between it and U. arctos.
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47676. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the two true
‘(fig.) molars, in a partially worn condition; from the Genista
Cave, Gibraltar. This specimen is figured by Busk, op. cit.
pl. iv. fig. 3. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47678. Anterior portion of the right ramus of the mandible of a
(fig.) young individual, containing the imperfectly protruded
canine, the first two true molars, and the alveoli or bases
of the two preceding cheek-teeth ; from the Genista Cave,
Gibraltar. This specimen is figured by Busk, op. ezt. pl. v.
fig. 3. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47678 b. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
(Fig.) the broken canine and the first premolar; from the Ge-
nista Cave, Gibraltar. This specimen is figured by Busk,
op. cit. pl. iv. figs. 3, 4. The premolar shows the inner
cusp, partially worn. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47678 a. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
(iig.) the two last true molars, in an unworn condition ; from a
cavern in Windmill Hill, Gibraltar. This specimen is
figured by Busk, op. cit. pl. v. figs. 4,5, 7. The second
molar is remarkable for its extreme width and shortness.
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
47679. The crown of the left lower canine; from a cavern in Wind-
(Fig.) mill Hill, Gibraltar. This specimen is figured by Busk,
op. cit. pl. v. fig. 6. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
40949. The right ramus of the mandible, containing the canine, the
(fig.) second true molar, and the alveoli of all the other cheek-
teeth except m.3, which appears to have been absent?;
from Deborah’s Den Cave, Gower, Glamorganshire*. This
specimen has been described by Falconer in a note pub-
' The plates are lettered U. arectos.
2 The jaw has been chiselled away at this point.
* For the position of this caye see ‘Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs,’
vol. ii. p. 467.
170 CARNIVORA.
lished in the ‘ Paleontological Memoirs,’ vol. ii. p. 467,
where it is also figured, pl. xxxvi. figs, 3, 4; the alveolus
of pm.3 is present. This specimen is remarkable for the
excessive width and shortness of m. 2, which led Falconer
to believe that it could not be referred to any species of
Bear with which he was acquainted. This width is, how-
ever, scarcely greater than that of the corresponding tooth
in No. 47678, from which it may be inferred that the
present specimen perhaps belonged to the present species,
if the Gibraltar specimens belong to the same. The
present specimen is, however, very different from typical
forms of U. horribilis ; and if it belongs to that species it
indicates a great range of variation. Its molar is very
similar to that of U. arctos, No. M. 231.
Presented by Gen. Wood, 1865.
16816. Two canines, probably belonging to this species; from
Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
21671. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
two last molars; from the Pleistocene of Grays, Essex.
Purchased, 1848.
28079. Distal extremity of the mandible, containing both canines ;
from the Pleistocene of Grays. Purchased, 1848.
16816. Canine, probably belonging to this species; from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern. McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
M. 267. Fragment of the mandible containing the canine ; from the
(Iig.) Pleistocene of Grays. This specimen is figured by Morris
in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. for 1838, p. 548, under the
name of U. speleus; but there seems little doubt that
it belongs to the present species.
Purchased from Prof. Morris.
M. 1624. Cast of a fragment of the left maxilla, containing the second
and third true molars. ‘he original of this specimen is
from an ossiferous fissure at Windy Knoll, near Castleton,
Derbyshire °. Presented by Prof. Boyd Dawkins.
15922, 16731. Two rami of the mandible ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Mckinery Collection. Purchased, 1842,
' See Boyd Dawkins, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vols. xxxi. p. 246, xxxiii. p. 724.
URSIDZ. 171
48733. A canine; from Brixham Cave, near Torquay. This spe-
(Fig.) cimen is figured by Busk in the Phil. Trans. for 1873, and
is provisionally referred to the present species.
Brizham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
44926. The glenoidal extremity of the left scapula; from the Pleis-
tocene of Ilford, Essex’. This specimen is No. B. 4 of
Davies’s ‘ Catalogue of the Brady Collection’ (1874).
Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878.
21287. The left humerus; from the Pleistocene of Grays, Essex.
Purchased, 1848.
21288. The distal extremity of the right humerus ; from the Pleis-
tocene of Grays. This specimen is of unusually large
dimensions. Purchased, 1848.
38512. The left ulna; from the Pleistocene of Ilford.
Purchased, 1848.
24361. The left ulna; from Pleistocene beds in a railway-cutting
near Kew Bridge. This specimen is of very large size,
but in its slender form agrees with the last example.
Presented by T. Layton, Esq., 1849.
47683. The proximal half of the left ulna; from a cavern in Wind-
(fig.) mill Hill, Gibraltar. This specimen is figured by Busk in
the Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. x. pl. vi. fig. 1; its specific
reference is provisional. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
44927. The distal extremity of the right radius; from the Pleis-
tocene of Ilford, Essex. This specimen is No. B. 5 of
Dayies’s ‘ Catalogue of the Brady Collection.’
Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878.
16852. The right radius; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay. The
reference of this specimen is provisional; but it differs
from the radius of U. speleus by its more elongated form.
— McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
24961. The left scapho-lunar; from the Pleistocene of Grays, Essex.
Presented by D. Sharpe, Esq., 1850.
! This and the other specimens of Ursine remains from the Ilford brick-earth
are only provisionally referred to the present species, as it is said that Ursus
arctos also occurs there. The complete tibia noticed below agrees so closely with
that of U. horribilis, that on this account, as well as from the circumstance of
the common occurrence of that species in the Pleistocene of Grays, the Ilford
remains are provisionally referred to U. horribilis rather than to U. arctos.
172
46787.
(fig.)
18982.
44.925.
44928.
44.929.
44.930.
19834.
47680.
(Fiq.)
24966.
44923.
44924.
CARNIVORA.
Five metacarpals; from the caverns of Gibraltar. These
specimens are figured by Busk in the Trans. Zool. Soc.
vol. x. pl. vi.; the specific reference is provisional.
Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
The second and third right metacarpals; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
A fragment of the right innominate; from the Pleistocene of
Ilford. This specimen comprises the entire ischium and
part of the acetabulum; it is No. B. 3 of Davies’s ‘ Cata
logue of the Brady Collection.’
Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878,
The right tibia; from the Pleistocene of Ilford. This very
perfect specimen is No. B. 6 of Davies’s ‘ Catalogue of the
Brady Collection,’ where its dimensions are given. It is
there referred to Ursus.
Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878.
The distal extremity of the left tibia; from the Pleistocene
of Ilford. This specimen, of which the articular surface
is perfect, is No. B. 5 of the Catalogue cited.
Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878.
A terminal phalangeal; from the Pleistocene of Ilford. This
specimen is No. B. 8 of Davies’s ‘ Catalogue.’
Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878.
The axis vertebra; from the Pleistocene of Grays, Essex.
Purchased, 1846,
The axis vertebra; from a cavern in Windmill Hill,
Gibraltar. This specimen is figured by Busk in the
Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. x. pl. vi. figs. 7, 8,9; the specific
reference is provisional. Brome Collection. Presented, 1876.
A cervical vertebra; from the Pleistocene of Grays.
Presented by D. Sharpe, Esq., 1850.
A late dorsal vertebra; from the Pleistocene of Ilford. The
prezygapophyses and neural spine are imperfect. This
specimen is No. B. 1 of Davies’s ‘ Catalogue of the Brady
Collection.’ Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878:
Part of a lumbar vertebra, of which only the centrum
is perfect ; from the Pleistocene of Ilford. This specimen
is No. B. 2 of Davies’s ‘ Catalogue.’ |
Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878.
URSID ZS. Efe
27985. The third left metacarpal, probably belonging to the present
(fig.) species; from the Pleistocene of Copford, Essex. This
specimen is figured by Brown in the Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc. vol. viii. p. 187 (1852).
Presented by J. Brown, Esq., 1852.
22031. Numerous teeth; from the Pleistocene of Grays.
Purchased, 1848.
Ursus arctog, Linn.
Syn. At least for paleeontological purposes the following forms must be
grouped under this species, viz. :—
Ursus cadavarinus, Kversmann.
Ursus collaris, F. Cuvier.
(?) Ursus eversmanni, Gray.
Ursus falcularis, Reichenbach.
Ursus formicarws, Kversmann.
Ursus fuscus, Alb. Magnus.
Var. a. Ursus tsabellinus, Horsfield.
Ursus lasiotis, Gray.
Ursus piscator, Pucheran.
(? Var.) Ursus leuconyx, Severztoff.
Ursus longirostris, Schinz.
Ursus niger, Goldfuss.
Ursus norveygicus, F. Cuvier.
(? Var.) Ursus pruinosus, Blyth.
Ursus pyrenaicus, F. Cuvier.
Var. b. Ursus syriacus, Ehrenberg.
(?) Myrmarctos eversmanni, Gray.
According to Busk pm.4 is very small, and the inner posterior
cusp generally absent, and if present very small; it is, however,
fairly well developed in one recent, skull (B.M. No. 218/.). It
appears to be almost, if not quite, impossible to distinguish this
species by the dentition* alone from JU. horribilis.
Hab. Europe and Northern Asia.
40405. Part of the right maxilla and premaxilla, containing the
outer incisor, canine, and the last four cheek-teeth. This
specimen is of large size; and is mentioned by Owen in
the ‘ British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ p. 78, on whose
authority it is referred to the present species.
Presented by Sir P. de M. Grey Egerton, Bart., 1867.
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 69 (1766).
2 In the ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 208, the writer has stated
that m.2 is as long as the two preceding teeth; this is, however, by no means
invariably the case.
174 CARNIVOBA.
M 231. The left ramus of the mandible, containing the canine,
(Fig.) pm.4, and m.2, together with the alveoli of the other
cheek-teeth (including pm. 3); from Manea Fen, Cam-
bridgeshire. This fine specimen is figured by Owen in
the ‘ British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ p. 106, fig. 35 a.
It is of large size; m.2 is relatively wide, and very like
the corresponding tooth of No. 40909 (U. horribilis?);
there is no inner cusp to pm. 4.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
48732. A canine; from Brixham Cave, near Torquay. This speci-
(Fig.) men is figured by Busk in’ the Phil. Trans. for 1873,
pl. xlvi. fig. 4, where it is provisionally referred to the
present species. Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48754, A canine; from Brixham Cave. This specimen is figured
(Fig.) by Busk, op. cit. pl. xlvi. fig. 3, and is provisionally referred
to the present species.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48755. A canine; from Brixham Cave. This specimen is pro-
visionally referred to the present species.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
487523. The right ramus of the mandible, containing the canine
and the last premolar, and showing the alveoli of the other
cheek-teeth (including pm. 1 and pm. 3); and a fragment of
the right maxilla, with the two true molars, in a much-
worn condition, together with the last premolar; from
Brixham Cave. From its small size and especially the
form of the canine, it is probable that this specimen be-
longs to the present species. There is a small inner cusp
to pm. 4. Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48787. The right ramus of the mandible, containing the canine and
the second true molar; from Brixham Cave. The molar
is very wide, and there remain the sockets of pm.1 and
pm. 2, although there is no trace of that of pm. 3, which
is a very unusual condition. It is doubtful whether this
specimen belongs to U. horribilis or U. arctos.
Brizham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876. _
48832, 48744, 48801. Part of the radius and two humeri of a Bear ;
from Brixham Cave. These specimens may possibly belong
to the present species.
Brizham-Cave Collection. . Presented, 1876,
URSIDA. 175
Ursus arvernensis, Croizet and Jobert’.
Syn. Ursus nunimus, Dey. and Boriel.
Ursus nunutus, P. Gervais.
Hab. France.
28879. Cast of the right ramus of the mandible, showing the canine
and the last four cheek-teeth; the original is from the
Upper Pliocene of Puy-de-Dome, France. The alveoli of the
first three premolars are present; there is no inner cusp
to pm.4, and the interval between that tooth and the
canine is relatively smaller than is usually the case in
U. arctos. No history.
27648. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the last true molar ;
from the Pliocene of Ardé, France.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Ursus namadicus, Falconer and Cautley’.
Hab. India.
39720. Part of the right maxilla, containing the last three cheek-
(Fig.) teeth and the broken base of pm. 3; from the Pleistocene
of the Narbada valley, India. This specimen, which is
the type of the species, is figured by Falconer and Cautley
in plate O of the ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ and by
Murchison in vol. i. pl. xxvi. fig. 5, of ‘Falconer’s Pale-
ontological Memoirs’; it is described and figured by the
present writer in the ‘Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. 11. p. 216, pl. xxvii. fig. 3. As far as can be judged
from the extremely imperfect remains at present available,
this species seems on the whole to have approached nearest
to the existing Ursus malayanus, but is distinguished by
its superior size, and the form and relative dimensions of
pm. 3, pm. 4, and m.2, It is impossible to say at present
whether or no the one form may be regarded as on the
direct line of descent of the other.
Presented by Gen. Sw W. E. Baker, K.C.B., 1848.
39727. The left tibia; from the Pleistocene of the Narbada valley.
(Jig.) This specimen is mentioned* and figured by the present
writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 218,
pl. xxix. figs. 3, 3a.
Presented by C. Fraser, Esq. Before 1843.
1 ©Ossemens Fossiles du Puy-de-Déme’, p. 188 (1828).
® In ‘ Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs, ’vol. i. p. 552 (1868).
3 The number is erroneously given as 39729.
176 CARNIVORA.
Girsus americanus, Pallas’.
uh North America.
40849. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the second true
molar; from “‘ Big-bone Lick,” Kentucky, U.S.A.
Presented by C. Falconer, Esq., 1867.
Family MUSTELIDA.
Genus MUSTELA, Linn.’
[Including the subgenera Mustela, Cuvier (Martes, Nilsson), and Puto-
rius, Cuvier (Mustela, Nilsson), and the genus Plesiogale, Pomel?. |
Dentition.—The existing species of the subgenus Mustela have
the following dental formula, viz., I. = C. 7 Pm. > M. 5 but in
those belonging to Putoriws the number of the premolars is only e
In some species belonging to the so-called Plesiogale the dental
formula, according to Phe (Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 177),
is I, 3 BC. ; ppatide = , M. 5 , the number of premolars being in the upper
jaw Ne same as In ah proper, and in the lower as in Putorwus.
Tf, as is done by Filhol in the work cited, the genus Plesiogale* is
united with Mustela (in its wide sense), it appears that for paleon-
tological purposes it is impossible to maintain the subgenera Mus-
tela and Putorius, and all the forms are consequently included in
Mustela. The dental formula of the genus as thus extended will
be, Co Pm , M. 3. In the living species of Mustela
proper the inner cusp is ene well developed in m. 1, but it is
usually absent in Putorvws.
{Hustela martes, Linn.’
Syn. Martes sylvatica, Nilsson.
Dentition :—I1. C. i, em, a M.
Hab. Northern Europe.
1 Spicilegia Zoologica, vol. xiv. p. 6 (1780).
2 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 66 (1766).
3 Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2, vol. iv. p. 880 (1846).
4 In his earlier work on the Quercy Phosphorites (Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii.
art. 7, pp. 42-45) Filhol maintains the genus Plesiogale. 'The first species so
named (P. mutabilis) was, however, subsequently referred to Paleoprionodon
(vide supra, p. 94); and in the Ann, Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, species such as
P. waterhousei, P. angustifrons, and P. mustelina are all referred to Mustela,
although the generic term Plestogale is retained in the description of the
plates.
> Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 67 (1766).
=
MUSTELID&. hi
22 (0. C.). The left ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisors,
canine, and m.2; from a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia.
Sémmering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
ae Mustela, sp.
Hab. India.
15914. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
(Fig.) carnassial and the broken pm. 4; from the Pliocene of the
Siwalik Hills, India. In this specimen, which is repre-
sented in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 25), the form of
Mustela, sp.—Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible; from the
Siwalik Hills. +.
the carnassial is precisely that of the corresponding tooth
of Mustela proper, so that it may be safely referred to that
genus. In size the two remaining teeth, as well as the
ramus itself, agree almost exactly with the mandible of the
living Indian M. flavigula ; but the carnassial of the fossil
is readily distinguished by the larger size of the inner
cusp, and the greater development of the talon, which is
relatively longer than in the existing species, being wider
than any other part of the tooth. The inner portion of
the talon has a distinct rim, which is wanting in the
existing species, thus causing the talon to be slightly basin-
shaped. These differences indicate that the Siwalik form
is, in all probability, specifically distinct from VM. flavigula.
In the form of the carnassial and in general size the speci-
men is very close to M. martes; but the last premolar is
considerably shorter than in that species. No other living
species appears to come nearer to the fossil.
Turning to fossil species, the Siwalik jaw is distin-
guished from that of the Pikermi M. penteleci, Gaudry ',
+ Animaux fossiles et Géologie de l’Attique, p. 42, pl. vi. figs. 3, 4.
N
1762 CARNIVORA.
by the larger size of the talon of the carnassial, and the
lesser vertical depth of the horizontal ramus. MM. elongata,
P. Gervais’, of the Lower Pliocene of Montpellier, is of
considerably smaller size, but agrees in having a relatively
long and basin-shaped talon to the carnassial; this talon:
is, however, proportionately narrower, and the inner cusp
of the blade is larger and placed more posteriorly, causing
the ‘‘cusp-line” to be more oblique. The mandible
figured by P. Gervais * under the name of M. minuta is at
once distinguished by its diminutive size. The mandible
of M. ardea*, Bravard, agrees very closely in size, but the
talon of the carnassial appears relatively smaller; the
inner aspect of this tooth is not figured. MM. taxodon,
P. Gervais *, has the talon of the carnassial still larger
and more distinctly basin-shaped ; and it is highly probable
that this form should really be referred to a new genus
allied to Meles. M. incerta’, Lartet, of Sansan, even if
it really belong to the present genus, is distinguished by
its greatly superior size. The so-called M. hydrocyon, P.
Gervais ° (Hydrocyon sansanensis, Lart.), is slightly larger,
and the ramus of the mandible relatively deeper—its depth
exceeding, instead of being less than, the length of the
carnassial ; the inner border of the crown of that tooth is
also higher. The insufficiently described WZ. zorilloides’,
Lartet, from Sansan, seems to be of smaller dimensions.
A species said to be allied to the Martens has been de-
‘ scribed by Filhol®, from the Quercy phosphorites, under
the name of J. felina, which is sufficiently distinguished
from the present specimen by the absence of an inner
cusp to the lower carnassial. MW. angustifrons and M.
sectoria, P. Gervais, are considerably smaller ; and it does
not appear that any others of the described fossil forms
approach the Siwalik jaw. The lower carnassial of the
allied genus Plesictis is distinguished by the much larger
development of the inner cusp.
It thus seems that the present specimen indicates the
existence of a species of Mustela in the Siwaliks closely
1 Zool, et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. p. 248, pl. xxii. fig. 2.
2 Ibid. pl. xxviii. fig. 4. ° Ibid. pl. xxvii. fig. 5.
4 Ibid. p. 249, pl. xxiii. fig. 1. > Lbid. pl. xxiii. fig. 3.
6 Ibid. p. 248, pl. xxiii. fig. 2. " Vide P. Gervais, op. cit. p. 251.
8 Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 6, vol. x. p. 87 (1874); and Ann. Sci. Géol,
vol. viii. art. 1, p. 39 (1877). j
MUSTELID. 179
allied to the existing Martens, and probably belonging to
a new species. The specimen is, however, too imperfect
to allow of its specific characters being fully determined,
and it is therefore inadvisable that it should receive a
distinct name. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Hustela putorius, Linn.’
Syn. Putorius vulgaris, Owen °.
Dentition :—I. 5, C. 7, Pm. 3, M. 5.
Hab. Northern Europe and Asia.
48892. The cranium, wanting the zygomatic arches, and many of
the teeth ; from Brixham Cave, near Torquay.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48893. The mandible ; from Brixham Cave.
; Briaham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48893 a. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
last two premolars and the carnassial; from the Coralline
Crag of Orford, Suffolk. There does not appear to be any
evidence to show whether this specimen is a true Crag
fossil, or whether it has been introduced into that deposit.
Presented by Dr. H. Woodward.
48914, 48921, 48922. Numerous limb-bones ; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48894. Six vertebrz and the sacrum ; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
ftlustela Sulgaris, Erxleben °.
eae a gu lip. 3 1
Dentition :-—I. 5, C. 5, Pm. 5, M. 5.
Hab. Northern Europe, Asia, and America.
48899, 48900. The right and left rami of the mandible; from Brix-
ham Cave, near Torquay.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
* Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 67 (1766).
* Brit. Foss. Mamm. and Birds, p. 112 (1846).
3 Syst. Reg. Animal, p. 471 (1777).
N2
180 CARNIVORA.
HHlustela erminea, Linn. *
Dentition :—I. > C. a Pine , M. =
Hab. Northern Europe, Asia, and America.
16709. The anterior portion of the cranium, wanting the canines ;
(iig.) from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay. This specimen is
described and figured, from the palatal aspect, by Owen in
the ‘ British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ p. 118, fig. 42.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
167094. The cranium and mandible; from a cave at Berry Head,
(Fig.) Devonshire. This specimen is figured by Owen in the
‘British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ pp. 116, 118, figs.
40, 41. (?) Presented by — Bartlett, Esq.’
Mustela angustifrons (Pomel *).
Syn. Plestogale angustifrons, Pomel +.
Plesvogale pomelt, Laurillard °.
Dentition :—I. 5 Cc: +, Pm. 5 M. (teste Filhol).
Hab. France.
26703. The greater portion of the cranium, imperfect posteriorly ;
(Fig.) from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy (Allier),
France. This specimen is the type of the species, and is
figured by Pomel in the Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2,
vol. iv. pl. iv. fig. 3 (p. 513). It contains all the teeth
except the right pm.l and both the penultimate upper
premolars. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
31010. The greater part of the left ramus of the mandible, showing
all the cheek-teeth and the broken canine; from the
Lower Miocene of Allier, France. This specimen appears
to agree exactly with the one figured under the same
name by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xxv.
figs. 15, 16. There is no inner cusp to the carnassial.
Bravard Oollection. Purchased, 1852.
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 68 (1776). 2 Vide Owen, loc. cit.
* Bull. Soc. Géol. France. ser. Z, vol. iv. p. 385 (1846), Plesiogale: for a
full description of this species see Filhol, Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 177.
4 Desi. 5 Diet. Univ. d’Hist. Nat. vol. x. p. 268.
aa,
MUSTELID ZA. 18]
Mustela sectoria, Gervais’.
seas 7 aan 4 wy 1
Dentition :-—l. 3? C. DP Pin. 2p M. By
Hab. France.
27822. Portion of the cranium, in a much-crushed condition, but
exhibiting the palate and cheek-teeth; from the Lower
Miocene of Cournon (Puy-de-Déme), France. This spe-
cimen, together with the next, is the type of the species.
It is described by P. Gervais in the passage cited, and
also on page 250 of the 2nd edition of the same work.
“ The carnassial has a length of 0,068, and the tuber-
cular molar is larger externally than internally, forming
a triangle of which the external border of the crown is
the base. This tooth is also remarkable by the presence
on the anterior border of a transverse subtrenchant
crest.” The first premolar is very minute.
; Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
27816. The left ramus of the mandible, showing the outer aspect of
(fig.) all the teeth; from the Lower Miocene of Cournon. This
Fig. 26.
Mustela sectoria. The left ramus of the mandible; from the Lower Miocene of
Cournon, Puy-de-Dome. +.
specimen is described with the last in the passages cited,
and is figured in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 26).
There are four premolars, the first of which is extremely
minute; the space occupied by the six cheek-teeth is
0,019 ; the length of the carnassial is 0,0055, and that of
m. 2 0,002. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
Mustela mustelina (Pomel’).
Syn. Plestogale mustelina, Pomel.
1 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 1st ed., explanation of pl. xxviii. p. 10 (1848-52).
2 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 49 (1853), Plesiogale. 3 Loe, cit,
182
CARNIVORA.
Dentition :-—I. ss C. A Pm. a M. 3. This species is about the size
2
of the existing Stoat.
Hab. France.
31018. Anterior portion of the cranium of an immature individual,
wanting all the teeth except the milk and permanent
carnassials, the latter of which is just protruding on the
left side; from the Lower Miocene of Allier, France.
This specimen appears to be precisely similar to the one
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xxv.
figs. 1, 4. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31019. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
last two premolars and the carnassial; from the Lower
Miocene of Allier. This specimen is precisely similar to
the one figured by Filhol in figs. 6 and 7 of the plate
quoted above. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Mustela waterhousei (Pomel ’).
Syn. Plesvogale waterhouset, Pomel ?.
OO 8 3 1 2 :
Dentition:—I. 39 C. TD Pm. 2 M. 3°
9
Hab. France.
27815. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
(fig.)
two last premolars and the carnassial, of which the inner
cusp is broken off; from the Lower Miocene of Ronzon
(Puy-en-Velay), France. This specimen is the type of
the species, and is described by Pomel in the following
words :—‘“ Kspece un peu plus petite que le putois, re-
marquable par Vacuité des avant-molaires inférieures.
Cette espéce et la suivante[ I. mustelina |nous montrent que
Vapophyse coronoide est trés-élargie au soumet et comme
terminee en fer de hache. La grande étendue de la fosse
mass¢térine achéve d’indiquer une trés-grande force dans
Vappareil musculaire qui mouvait les machoires”. It
would appear that the coronoid process has been broken
off since the time of Pomel’s description. In the Ann.
Sci. Géol, vol. x. art. 3, p. 183, pl. xxv. fig. 10, Filhol
describes and figures a right ramus of the mandible from
» Catalogue Méthodique, p. 49 (1853), Plesiogale. * Loe. cit.
MUSTELIDZ. 183
St. Gérand-le-Puy, which he refers to the same species ;
he mentions that he was unable to find the present speci-
men, which was not labelled at the time of his visit to the
British Museum. ‘The specimen figured by Filhol appears
very similar to the present specimen, but the blade of the
carnassial is slightly longer.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Mustela ?, sp.
Hab. France.
M. 1366. The greater part of the palatal portion of the cranium,
showing the canine and all the cheek-teeth; from the
Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This
specimen is rather larger than the cranium of M. angus-
tufrons, from which it is also distinguished by a great
difference in the form of m. 1. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1375. The right ramus of the mandible, showing pm.3 and
the alveoli of all the other teeth ; from the Upper Eocene
of Caylux. It is not improbable that this specimen may
belong to the same species as the last. Purchased, 1884.
Mustela, sp.
18232-4. The third lower premolar and the carnassial of a small
specise ; from the Pleistocene of Suffolk. The carnassial
is intermediate between that of MW. ermineus and M.
vulgaris. Green Collection. Purchased, 1843.
Genus PLESICTIS, Pomel’.
Dentition :—I. 3, C.;, Pm. 7, M. 5. This genus is distinguished
from Mustela by the circumstance that the temporal ridges of the
cranium do not unite to form a sagittal crest. The lower carnassial
is always furnished with a well-developed inner cusp, and the upper
true molar is distinguished from that of existing species of Mustela
by its triangular form, but is very similar to that of MW. angustifrons.
In the above-mentioned general characters the genus indicates
viverrine tendencies, and the transition to the extinct genus Steno-
plesictis (page 96) is so gradual that the viverrine and musteline
families are practically united by the two genera.
1 Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2, vol. iv. p. 379 (1846).
184 CARNIVORA.
Plesictis palustris, Pomel *.
Syn. P. elegans, Pomel (var.).
P. genetoides, Pomel (var.).
Hab. France.
31024. The hinder portion of the cranium, exhibiting the third
and fourth premolars of the left side; from the Lower
Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy (Allier), France. This
specimen appears almost identical with a cranium, from
the same locality, figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci.
Géol. vol. x. pl. xx. figs. 8-10; the only difference
between the two being that the temporal ridges are more
widely separated in the present specimen ; these differences,
are, however, probably due to differences in age.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31025. Fragment of the right maxilla, containing the carnassial and
the alveolus of m. 1; from the Lower Miocene of St.Gérand-
le-Puy. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1882.
24943, The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing pm.4 and m.1, and the alveoli of the other
cheek--teeth and canine; from the Lower Miocene of St.
Gérand-le-Puy. This specimen appears to be precisely
similar to a left ramus figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci.
Géol. vol. x. pl. xxii. fig. 2.
Presented by — Talbot, Hsq., 1849.
Plesictis croizeti, Pomel’.
Syn. ? P. robusta, Pomel.
? P. gracilis, Pomel.
Hlab. France.
This species was originally described in 1846 by Pomel, on the
evidence of the mandible catalogued below (No. 26702). Filhol
unites, in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 124 et seq., this
species with P. robusta and P. gracilis, taking P. robusta as the
name of the species. As, however, those names were not published
till 1853 (‘ Catalogue Méthodique,’ p. 60), it is evident that the
* Catalogue Méthodique, p. 62 (1853). See also Filhol, Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol. x. art. 3, p. 144 e¢ seg., on whose authority the synonymy is given.
2 Bull. Soc, Géol, France, ser. 2, vol. iv. p. 385 (1846).
MUSTELID 2. 185
name crozzeti should stand for the species, on the assumption that
the three forms are the same. In his quotations from Pomel, Filhol
(p. 131) has, however, given Pomel’s description of P. lemanensis as
that of P. croizeti, and that of P. croizeti (p. 134) as that of P. lema-
~nensis. According to Pomel’s original description, it is P. lemanensis
that is stouter than P. croizeti; but as Filhol has reversed the
two descriptions, it of course happens that P. crovzeti is the stouter
species according to him. It appears, however, that the stouter
type of skull figured by Filhol under the name of P. robusta, var.
croizeti, does agree more nearly in relative size with the type
mandible of P. croizeti, Pom., than does the slighter skull figured by
Filhol under the name of P. lemanensis ; and it therefore seems well
to provisionally adopt Filhol’s identifications, although they appear
founded on a misconception. On this view P. croizeti will be (con-
trary to Pomel’s original definition) a larger species than P. lema-
nensis,
26702. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
(fig.) containing the last two premolars and the carnassial,
and the alveoli of the other cheek-teeth and the canine;
from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy (Allier),
France. This specimen is the type of the species, and is
figured by Pomel in the Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2,
vol, iv. pl. iv. fig. 4. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
31022. The hinder part of the cranium, containing the left true
molar; from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy.
This specimen agrees with the cranium figured by Filhol
in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xxi. figs. 3, 4, 5, with
the exception that the temporal ridges are less closely ap-
proximated, this character probably depending to a great
extent on age. As mentioned above, these two specimens
may be provisionally referred to the present species.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Plesictis lemanensis, Pomel’.
For the doubt as to the correct identification of this species see
above under the head of P. croizeti.
Hab. France.
31028. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
* Catalogue Méthodique, p. 61 (1858).
J ae
186 CARNIVORA.
the carnassial and the alveolus of m.2; from the Lower
Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy (Allier), France. This spe-
cimen appears to be very similar to the one figured under
the above name by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol, x.
pl. xxii. fig. 3. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Plesictis (?), sp.
Hab. Utaly.
31028, a. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the two true molars; from the Upper Pliocene of the Val
d’Arno di Sopra, Italy. This specimen is larger than any
of those mentioned above, and not improbably indicates a
new species. Presented by the Earl of Enmskillen.
Limb-bones and Vertebree of undetermined species of MustELa —
or allied Gunvs.
From the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy (Allier), France.
Bravard Collection.
31012. The glenoidal part of the scapula.
31029-30. Two humeri, of the same size. These bones have an ent-
epicondylar foramen, and differ thereby from living species
of Mustela.
31013-4. The proximal halves of two ulne.
31015. The distal half of the radius.
31016. The distal half of the femur of a large species.
26704. The greater portion of the tibia.
31021. The tibia, of smaller size than the last.
31011. A lumbar vertebra, of large size.
31020. A cervical vertebra, of small size.
Genus GULO, Storr’.
Dentition :—I. 5 C; as Pm. 7 M. x In one of the specimens
noticed below m. 2 is wanting.
1 Prodromus Meth. Mamm. p. 34 (1780).
MUSTELIDZ&. 187
Guile lugeug (Linn.?).
Syn. Mustela gulo, Linn.”
Ursus luscus, Linn.?
Gulo borealis, Nilsson (teste Wagner).
Gulo speleus, Goldfuss*.
Hab. Northern Europe and America.
210. C.). The cranium and mandible ; from the Gailenreuth (?)
Cave, Franconia. The cranium wants thezygomatic
arches, and the carnassials and canines; the mandible
has lost the summit of the coronoid process of either side.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
28556. The left ramus of the mandible, containing the last three
premolars and the carnassial; from a cavern in Sund-
wig, Westphalia. Purchased, 1853.
28556 a. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing all
- the cheek-teeth except pm.1; from a cavern in Sund-
wig, Westphalia. Purchased, 18538.
M. 227. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing pm. 3,
pm. 4, and m, 1, in a well-worn condition; from the Gai-
lenreuth Cave. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 228. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
last premolar and the carnassial, in a very much worn
condition; from the Gailenreuth Cave. This specimen
is remarkable for the circumstance that there is not
the slightest trace of the alveolus of the second true
molar. Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 228 a. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
last pm. 3, pm. 4, and m. 1, In an unworn condition; from
the Gailenreuth Cave. Egerton Collection. Purchased,1882.
M. 228 b. Fragment of the lett ramus of the mandible, containing
the unworn last premolar; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 229 a. The distal two-thirds of the right humerus, exhibiting
the entepicondylar foramen ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Egerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
* Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 71 (1766), Ursus.
2 Ibid. p. 67 (1766). ° Ibid. p. 71 (1766).
* Nova Acta Ac, Cxs. Leop.-Car. vol. ix. p. 319 (1818).
188
CARNIVORA.
M. 229. The right tibia; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Enniskillen Collection. Purchased, 1882.
M. 229 b. The centrum of the axis vertebra, wanting the odontoid
process ; from the Gailenreuth Cave.
Ligerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
Genus MELLIVORA, Storr’.
Syn. Ursitaxus, Hodgson?.
Ratelus, Bennett?.
Se 3 1 3 1
Dentition :—I. =, C. 5, Pm. 5, M. =.
Mellivora sivalensis (Falconer and Cautley*).
Syn. Ursitaxus sivalensis, Falconer and Cautley’.
Gulo, sp., Baker and Durand ®.
Hab. India.
40184. The cranium; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India.
(f7g.)
This specimen is the type of the species, and is described
and figured by Baker and Durand in the Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. vol. v. p. 581, pl. xxvit. fig. 1, under the generic
name of Gulo. It is also figured by Falconer and Cautley
in supplemental plate Q of the ‘ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’
figs. 4, 4a, 46, 4c’, under the name of Ursitaxus; and is
described and figured under the above name by the present
writer in the ‘ Paleontologia Indica, ser. 10, -vol. 11.
p- 180, pl. xxvi. In this specimen all the teeth are shown,
but the crowns of the canines are broken off and the
cheek-teeth are very much worn. In the accompanying
woodcut (fig. 27) there is represented one half of the
palatal portion of the cranium and the left ramus of the
mandible, also from the Siwalik Hills, which are preserved
in the Science and Art Museum, Dublin, and are the
only other known remains of the species. These speci-
mens are likewise described by the present writer in
the ‘ Paleontologia Indica’,
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
* Prodromus Meth. Mamm. p. 34 (1780).
2
3
4
5
6
Asiatic Researches, vol. xix. p. 60 (1836).
Gardens &c. Zool. Soe. vol. 1. p. 13 (1830).
In ‘ Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs,’ vol. i. p. 553 (1868), Ursetaxus
Loe. cit.
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. v. p. 581 (1836).
ee
a —* om
tena
MUSTELID #. 189
Fig. 27.
pm. 4.
pm. 3.
pm. 2.
Mellivora sivalensis. The right half of the palate (a) and the left ramus of
the mandible (0). +. Dublin Museum. (From the ‘Palzontoiogia Indica.’)
Genus MELES, Storr’.
ae ange 4 1
Dentitron :—I. 5, C. 7, Pm. 7, M. 5.
fileles tarug, Boddaert’.
Syn. Ursus meles, Linn.?
Meles vulgaris, Desmarest*.
Meles vulgaris fossilis, H. von Meyer.
Hab. Europe and Northern Asia.
20 (0. C.). The hinder part of the cranium and the left half of the
palate, containing the carnassial and the true molar ; from
a cavern in Sundwig.
Sémmering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
20 a (0. C.). The left ramus of the mandible, containing the canine
and the carnassial; from a cavern in Sundwig.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
' Prodromus Meth. Mamm. p. 34 (1780).
? Elenchus Animalium, vol. i. p. 80 (1785).
3 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 70 (1766).
* Mammalogie, p. 173 (1820).
1} i
190 CARNIVORA.
20 b (0. C.). The right ramus of the mandible, containing the car-
nassial; from a cavern in Sundwig, Westphalia.
Sémmering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
16711. The left ramus of the mandible, containing all the teeth except
(fig.) the incisors, pm. 1, and pm. 3; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern,
Torquay. This specimen is figured by Owen in the
‘British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ p. 107, fig. 37. The
teeth are in an unworn condition, and the alveolus of
pm. 1 is of minute size.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
M. 1884. The cranium and mandible; from a brick-field at Grove-
hurst, Sittingbourne, Kent. The age of this specimen is
doubtful. Presented by George Payne, Hsq., 1884.
27659. The distal half of the left humerus (showing the entepi-
-condylar foramen) and the proximal half of the left ulna ;
from a cavern at Montpellier, France.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Genus LUTRA, Erxleben* (ew Ray).
Including :—Aonyz, Lesson.
Enhydriodon (Amyxodon), Falconer’.
Lutrictis, Pomel’.
Potamotherium, E. Geoffroy *.
Stephanodon, H. von Meyer’.
Dentition.—In the typical living forms the dental formula is
iF 5 C. Pm. * M. 53 but in L. (A.) leptonya the first upper pre-
molar is not unfrequently absent; and in some fossil forms this
tooth is invariably wanting. In another fossil species m.2 is
present ; so that the dental formula for all these variations must be
written as follows, viz. L. a C. - Pm. ee" M. ae The reasons
for including Enhydriodon in the present genus are given by the
writer in the ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser 10, vol. ii. pp. 195-201.
1 Syst. Regn. Animal, p. 445 (1777).
2 In ‘Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs,’ vol. i. p. 331 (1868). The name
Amyxodon dates from 1836, but was never defined.
5 Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2, vol. iv. p. 380 (1846).
+ Revue Encyclopédique, vol. lix. p. 88 (1833).
5 Neues Jahrbuch, 1847, p. 182; and Suppl. Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. vol. v.
p- 307 (1847).
——
MUSTELIDZ. 191
Lutra bulgaris, Erxleben’.
Syn. Mustela lutra, Linn.”
Lutra antiqua, M. de Serres®.
Hab. Europe and North Asia.
39904. The cranium and mandible, showing all the teeth except
the incisors, canines, and m.2; from Watcham Fen, near
Ely, Cambridgeshire. Purchased, 1866.
39907. The right scapula; from Watcham Fen. Purchased, 1866.
36631. The left humerus, wanting both extremities; from the
Pleistocene of Grays, Essex. Purchased, 1848.
39908. The right ulna; from Watcham Fen. Purchased, 1866.
39468 a. The left ulna; from the fens of Lincolnshire.
Purchased, 1866.
Lutra palzindica, Falconer and Cautley*.
Hab. India.
37151. Cranium, wanting both zygomatic arches, part of the right
(Fig.) maxilla, and all the teeth except pm. 2 and m. | of the right
side; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India. This
specimen is the type of the species, and is figured in
plate xxvii. figs. 6, 7 of ‘Falconer’s Paleontological
Memoirs,’ and in supplemental plate P. fig. 1 of the
‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis.’ It is also described and
figured by the writer in the ‘ Paleeontologia Indica,’ ser. 10,
vol. im. (p. 191, pl. xxvu. fig. 1.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37152. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, wanting all the
(Ffig.) teeth except the carnassial, of which the blade is broken ;
from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India. This spe-
cimen is described and figured in the same places as the
last specimen. . Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Lutra dubia, Blainville’ (ea Croizet).
Hab. Kurope.
27486. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
1 Syst. Regn. Animal, p. 448 (1777).
2 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 66 (1766).
3 Ann. d. Muséum, vol. xviii. p. 334.
* In ‘ Faleoner’s Paleontological Memoirs,’ pl. xxvii. (1868),
° Ostéographie, genus Mustela, p. 67, pl. xiv. (1848 ?).
ih) ;
it 192 CARNIVORA.
ill the carnassial and the base of pm. 4; probably from the
i Upper Miocene of Eppelsheim, Hesse Darmstadt. This
Hi specimen appears to be precisely similar to the type spe-
Ht cimen figured by De Blainville (doc. cit.), from the Middle
I Miocene of Sansan (Gers), France. If the locality of the
species to Hesse Darmstadt.
i Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
Lutra campani, Meneghini’.
ion : 2 of Q 1
Dentition :—I. 5, C. ;, Pm. =, M. =.
Hab. Italy.
37347. Cast of the palatal portion of the cranium. The original is
from the Middle Miocene of Monte Bamboli, Tuscany.
The original of this specimen, which is the type of the
species, is believed to be in the Museum at Pisa, and is
described and figured by Meneghini in the Atti Soc. Ital.
Sci. Nat. vol. iv. pl.i.a; the right upper carnassial is re-
presented in the accompanying wocdcut (fig. 28). The
Lutra campani. Right upper carnassial ; from the Middle Miocene of
Monte Bamboli, Tuscany. 7}. (From the ‘ Paleontologia Indica.’)
affinities of the species are alluded to by the present writer
in the ‘Palzontologia Indica,’ vol. 1. p. 198, and are
shown to be nearest to those of the next species.
Purchased, 1863.
Lutra sivalensis (Falconer and Cautley’).
Syn. Enhydriodon sivalensis, Falconer and Cautley *.
Enhydriodon ferox, Falconer and Cautley.
Amyxodon, sp., Falconer and Cautley.
1 Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. vol. iv. p. 18 (1862).
2 In ‘Falconer’s Palwontological Memoirs,’ vol. i. p. 331 (1868), Hnhy-
driodon. The history and synonymy are given by the present writer in the
Palwontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 196.
8 Loc. cit.
present specimen be correct, it extends the range of the:
tiie
a 4
MUSTELIDE. 193
Dentition:—I. 3, C. ;, Pm. 3, M. 3.
Hab. India.
37153. The greater part of the cranium, wanting both zygomatic
(fig.) arches and part of the premaxille; from the Pliocene of
the Siwalik Hills, India. This specimen, which, with the
two next, is the type of the species, contains the hinder
cheek-teeth of the right side, in a broken condition ; there
is no sign of the presence of pm.2. It is figured in
‘Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs, vol. i. pl. xxvii.
figs. 3, 4, and in supplemental plate P of the ‘ Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis :’ together with the two next specimens
it is noticed by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. 1. p. 197.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37154. The anterior portion of the cranium, exhibiting the alveoli
(Frg.) or the crowns of all the teeth ; from the Pliocene of the
Siwalik Hills. This specimen is represented in figs. 1, 2 of
the above-mentioned plate of ‘Falconer’s Paleontological
Memoirs’ and in plate P of the ‘ Fauna Antiqua Siva-
lensis. It shows the alveolus of pm.2, which is of
extremely minute size, and also that of the outer incisor,
which is of relatively large size.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
37155. The anterior portion of the cranium, showing the alveoli of
(Fig.) the outer incisors and of the canines, and the broken crowns
of the last three cheek-teeth of the left side; from the
Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills. This specimen is repre-
sented in fig. 5 of the above-mentioned plate of ‘ Falconer’s
Paleontological Memoirs,’ and in plate P of the ‘ Fauna
Antiqua Sivalensis.’ The left upper carnassial of this
specimen is represented, of the natural size, in the accom-
Lutra sivalensis. Left upper carnassial, broken on the outer side; from
the Siwalik Hills. }. (From the ‘ Palezontologia Indica.’)
panying woodcut (fig. 29). There is no trace of the
alveolus of pm. 2, which tooth was probably absent.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
fe)
194. CARNTVORA.
Lutra valetoni, E. Geoffroy’.
Syn. Potamotherium valetoni, K. Geoffroy ?.
Lutrictis valetoni, Pomel?.
Stephanodon mombachiensis, H. von Meyer *.
Lutra clermontensis, Blainville® (in parte).
Deniition :—I. 2 C. = Pm. a M. 3.
Hab. Europe.
In his memoir on the Fossil Mammals of St. Gérand-le-Puy’,
Filhol refers this species to the genus Lutra; and the present
writer is inclined to adopt this view. If it be referred to a distinct
genus, the name Potamotherium is the correct one’.
31031. Fragment of the right maxilla and premaxilla, containing
the canine and pm. 2; from the Lower Miocene of Allier,
France. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
25448. The left ramus of the mandible wanting the proximal
extremity, and containing the canine and all the cheek-
teeth except m. 2; from the Lower Miocene of Mombach,
near Mayence. Purchased, 1850.
31032. Hinder portion of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the carnassial; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31033. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the carnassial 72 alveolo; from the Lower Miocene of
Allier. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852,
26699. The left humerus, imperfect superiorly, showing the ent-
epicondylar foramen; from the Lower Miocene of St.
Gérand-le-Puy (Allier), France. }
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
31040. The right humerus, wanting the proximal extremity; from
the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852
1 Revue Encyclopédique, vol. lix. p. 88 (1833). 2 Loe. cu.
8 Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2, vol. iv. p. 380 (1846).
4 Neues Jahrb. 1847, p. 182.
° Ostéographie, genus Mustela, p. 59 (18427).
6 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 58.
7 In the ‘ Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 190, the present writer,-who
had not, at the time of writing the passage, entered into the question of priority,
followed Gaudry in referring the present species to Pomel’s genus Lutrictis.
MUSTELID®. 195
31041. The proximal extremity of the right humerus; from the
Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Furchased, 1852.
40899-900. Two imperfect specimens of the right humerus; from
the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Presented by C. Falconer, Esq., 1867.
26701. The left ulna; from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-
af Ey. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
31044. Two specimens of the proximal portion of the right ulna ;
from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31045-6-8. Three specimens of the radius ; from the Lower Miocene
of Allier. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
26701. The right femur; from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-
le-Puy. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
31050. The right femur; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31053. The proximal half of the left femur ; from the Lower Mio-
cene of Allier. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31053 a. The left calcaneum ; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31034. The atlas vertebra ; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31035. The axis vertebra, imperfect posteriorly ; from the Lower
Miocene of Allier. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31037-8-9. Three trunk vertebre; from the Lower Miocene of
Allier. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Lutra minor (H. von Meyer’).
Syn. Stephanodon minor, H. von Meyer.
Hab. Kurope.
25440. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the last premolar and the carnassial; from the Lower
Miocene of Mombach, near Mayence. Purchased, 1850.
1 The writer has been unable to find a reference to this species, which
may be only a smaller form of the last.
02
ail!
it 196 CARNIVORA.
Suborder CARNIVORA PINNIPEDIA.
Family OTARITDA.
Genus OTARIA, Péron*
(including Arctocephalus, &c.).
Dentatron :—I. - C. Pm. 2 M. i
®taria forstert, Lesson’.
Syn. Arctocephalus forstert, Gray.
Hab. Australian and New-Zealand seas.
32173. The palatal portion of the cranium, together with numerous
limb-bones and vertebre ; from Prehistoric or Pleistocene
deposits at Ruamora, South Island, New Zealand. The
cranium agrees precisely with the one figured by J. W.
Clark in the Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, pl. lxxii., showing the
small cusp on the anterior side only of the cheek-teeth.
These remains were associated with those of Dinornis and
a species of Dog*. Purchased from Walter Mantell, Esq.
Otaria, Sp.
Hab. New Zealand.
32173 a. Fragment of the anterior portion of the cranium of a young
male of a large species, containing a canine tooth; from
Prehistoric or Pleistocene deposits at Ruamora, South
Island, New Zealand. This specimen seems too imperfect
for specific identification.
Purchased from Walter Mantell, Esq.
1 Voyage aux Terres Australes, vol. ii. p. 37, note (1816).
2 Dict. Class. d’ Hist. Nat. vol. xii. p. 421 (1828).
3 The occurrence of the remains of this genus, associated with those of Din-
ornis and a Dog, in similar deposits is recorded by Haast in ‘Nature,’ vol. xiv.
pp. 577-578 (1876). The name of the smaller Otary there found is given as
Otaria cinerea ; it is, however, not improbable that that form really belongs to
the present species, since many crania from New Zealand have been erroneously
referred to O. cinerea (vide J. W. Clark, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 196). That
species is characterized by the presence of fore-and-aft cusps (talons) to the
cheek-teeth, as is well exhibited in the figure on p. 191 of the memoir last quoted.
TRICHECHID, 197
Family TRICHECHIDA.
Genus TRICHECHUS, Linn.’
Dentition.—In the adult of the existing species it appears that the
following teeth are usually present, viz. :—I. so C. is Pm. =.
’ ld .
Crichechus rosmarus, Linn.”
Syn. Odobenus rosmarus, Allen * (ex Malmgren).
Hab. Arctic Ocean and Northern Europe.
46134. The nearly complete mandible; dredged on the Dogger
Bank, Eastern coast. This specimen shows the alveoli of
the teeth; it is noticed by W. Davies in the Geol. Mag.
dec: 2, vol. v..p. 98 (1878).
Owles Collection. Purchased, 1874.
M. 1133. Cast of the centrum of the twelfth dorsal vertebra. The
original is from the Antwerp Crag, and is figured by Van
Beneden in the: Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. 1.
ply vill. fief (1877). Purchased.
M. 1134. Cast of the right scaphoid. The original is from the
Antwerp Crag, and is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit.
figs. 8, 9. : Purchased.
Trichechus huxleyi, Lankester’.
Syn. Trichechodon hualeyt, Lankester °.
This species was originally referred by its founder to the new
genus Trichechodon, but subsequently (Trans. Linn. Soe. ser. 2, Zool.
vol. ii. p. 213 [1882]) to Trichechus, the name Trichechodon being
abolished. By Van Beneden® the species is identified with Alach-
therium cretsi, but this is doubted by Lankester: if correct, the
name husxleyt has the priority, and A. cretst should be referred to
this species.
Hab. Europe.
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 49 (1766). 2 Loc. cit.
8 History of North-American Pinnipeds, p. 23 (1880).
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxi. p. 226 (1865), Zrichechodon.
Loe. cit.
§ Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. i. p. 53 (1877). On page 46, Trichechodon
huxleyi is given as a synonym of T'richechodon konincki.
i ) 198 CARNIVORA.
46000. Fragment of the distal portion of the tusk; from the Red
(Fig.) Crag of Suffolk. This specimen is the type, and is
described and figured by Lankester in the Quart. Journ.
Geol. Soc. vol. xxi. p. 226, pl. x. figs. 1, 5, 6.
Purchased, 1874.
40135. Fragment of the basal portion of a very large tusk; probably
from the same locality. Purchased, 1866.
44208. Terminal portion of a crushed tusk; from the Red Crag of
Suffolk. Purchased, 1873.
| 43175. Fragment of a tusk ; from the Red Crag of Suffolk.
: Wetherell Collection. Purchased, 1871.
46921. Portion of a tusk, cut and polished; from the Red Crag,
near Woodbridge, Suffolk. Purchased, 1875.
40136. Transverse section of a tusk; from the Red Crag, near
Woodbridge. Purchased, 1866.
44629. Transverse section of a tusk; from the Red Crag, near
Felixstow, Essex. : Purchased, 1873.
43394. Cast of the basal portion of a tusk of a large male. The
original (from the Red Crag of Suffolk) is figured by
Lankester in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxi. pl. x.
fig. 3, and in the Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. vol. ii.
pl. xxi. fig. 3; it is now in the York Museum.
Purchased, 1872.
43395. Cast of the extremity of a tusk, much compressed laterally.
The original (from the Red Crag of Suffolk) is figured by
Lankester in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxi. pl. x.
fig. 2, and in the Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. vol. ii.
pl. xxii. fig. 4; it is now in the Ipswich Museum.
Purchased, 1872.
Genus ALACHTHERIUM, De Bus’.
Alachtherium cretsi, De Bus’.
Hab. Europe.
As mentioned above, this species is identified by Van Beneden
with Trichechus (Trichechodon) hualeyi; but this cannot be con-
sidered certain. If the two are really the same, the name huxleyi
has the priority ; and if generically distinct from Z’richechus it seems
1 Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. xxiv. p. 562 (1867). 4 Toe, ei,
yy ee
TRICHECHIDZ. 199
best that the generic name Alachtherium should be applied, as Tri-
chechodon has been withdrawn by Lankester and has been used in
another sense by Van Beneden. The originals of the casts of
A. cretsi
and the next species were obtained from the Antwerp
Crag, and are preserved in the Brussels Museum.
M. 1148.
M. 1166.
M. 1151.
M. 1170.
vo 1169.
M. 1168.
M. 1171.
M. 1172.
M. 11738.
M. 1174.
M. 1175.
M. 1176.
Cast of the hinder portion of the cranium. The original
is figured by Van Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R! Hist. Nat.
Belg. vol. 1. pl. i. fig. 1. Purchased.
Cast of the left ramus of the mandible, showing seven
teeth. The original is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit.
pl. i. figs. 1, 2. Purchased.
Cast of the left humerus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. pl. ii. figs. 1, 2. Purchased.
Cast of the distal part of the left ulna. The original is
figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. u. fig. 5. Purchased.
Cast of the proximal part of the right radius. The
original is figured by Van Beneden, op. ext. pl. iv. figs. 5, 6.
Purchased.
Cast of the right humerus of a young individual. The
original is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. iv. figs. 3, 4.
Purchased.
Cast of the left ium. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. ct. pl. v. fig. 5. Purchased.
Cast of the right femur. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. pl. v. figs. 1-3. Purchased.
Cast of the left femur of a young animal. The original is
figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. v. fig. 8. Purchased.
Cast of the distal part of the left tibia. The original is
figured by Van Beneden, op. ct. pl. vi. figs. 1-3.
Purchased.
Cast of the shaft of the tibia of a young animal.
Purchased.
Cast of the left astragalus. The original is figured by
Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. vi. fig. 4. Purchased.
200 CARNIVORA. —
M. 1177. Cast of the inner left metacarpal. The original is figured
by Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. ii. fig. 6. Purchased.
M. 1149. Cast of the centrum of the fifth cervical vertebra. The
original is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. v. fig. 6.
Purchased.
M. 1167. Cast of the fourth lumbar vertebra. The original is
figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. v. fig. 7. Purchased.
M. 1150. Cast of the sacrum. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. pl. v. fig. 4. Purchased.
Genus TRICHECHODON, Van Beneden* (non Lank.).
Trichechodon konincki, Van Beneden’.
Hab. Kurope.
Whether this form is really generically distinct from Prichechus
may be considered doubtful.
M. 1135. Cast of part of the right ramus of the mandible. The
original is figured by Van Beneden in the Ann. Mus.
R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. i. pl. vii. figs. 5-7. Purchased.
M.1140. Cast of the distal part of the left humerus. The original
is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. pls. vii. & vill. figs. 1, 2
Purchased.
M. 1144-6. Casts of the associated first and second right meta-
carpals. The originals are figured by Van Beneden,
op. cit. pl. vii. fig. 6. Purchased.
M.1145. Cast of the first left metacarpal. The original is figured
by Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. vii. fig. 6. Purchased.
M. 1147. Cast of a first phalangeal. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. pl. vii. fig. 7. Purchased,
M. 1142. Cast of the calcaneum. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. pl. viii. fig. 6. Purchased.
M. 1143. Cast of the astragalus. ‘The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. pl. viii. fig. 5. Purchased.
* Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. xxxii. p. 5 sabia:
a Loe. Cit.
PHOCID®. 201
M. 1139. Cast of the first rib. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. pl. vii. fig. 5. Purchased.
M. 1138. Cast of a portion of the sternum. The original is figured
by Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. vili. fig. 4. Purchased.
M. 1136. Cast of the sixth cervical vertebra (imperfect). The
original is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. vili. fig. 3.
Purchased.
M. 1137. Cast of the sacrum (imperfect). The original is figured
by Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. vii. fig. 4. Purchased.
M. 1141. Cast of the ilium (imperfect). The original is figured by
Van Beneden, op. cit. pl. vil. fig. 3. Purchased.
Family PHOCID&.
_ Dentition (in existing forms) :—I. = C. = Pm. 2 M. -
Genus MESOTARIA, Van Beneden’*.
This genus is provisionally referred by its founder to the Otarude;
but Allen, in the ‘History of the North-American Pinnipeds,’
pp. 217-220 (1880), classes it in the present family.
Mesotaria ambigua, Van Beneden’.
This species is considered to be allied to the existing Cystophora
cristata.
Hab.’ Europe.
M. 1152. Casts of two molars. The originals are figured by Van
Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. 1.
pl. ix. figs. 1, 2.
M. 1165. Cast of the left scapula. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cvt. fig. 7.
M. 1155. Cast of the humerus. ‘The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 9, 11.
M. 1156. Cast of the right innominate. The original is figured by
Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 8.
1 Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. xli. p. 783 (1876). 2 Loe. cit.
3 The originals of the casts of this and the following genera of Seals were
obtained from the Antwerp Crag, and are preserved in the Museum at Brussels.
The casts were acquired by purchase.
202
M. 1163.
M. 1164.
M. 1153.
M. 1154.
CARNIVORA.
Cast of the left femur. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 12-14.
Cast of the proximal portion of the left tibia. The ori-
ginal is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. figs. 15, 16.
Cast of the axis vertebra. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 4, 5.
Cast of a cervical vertebra (imperfect). The original is
figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 6.
Genus PALASOPHOCA, Van Beneden*.
Palzeophoca nysti, Van Beneden ’.
This species is allied to the existing Monachus albiventer.
Hab. Europe. |
M. 1181.
M. 1178.
M. 1180.
M. 1179.
M. 1182.
M. 1183.
M. 1186.
Cast of part of the left ramus of the mandible. The ori-
ginal is figured by Van Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist.
Nat. Belg. vol. 1. pl. x. figs. 3, 4.
Cast of a canine. The original is figured by Van Beneden,
op. cit. fig. 7.
Cast of a canine. The original is figured by Van Beneden,
op. cit. fig. 6.
Cast of a molar. The original is figured by Van Beneden,
op. cit. fig. 8.
Cast of the right humerus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, up. cit. fig. 10.
Cast of part of the innominate. The original is figured
by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 9.
Cast of the left femur. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 14, 15.
M. 1186 a. Cast of the proximal extremity of the right tibia. The
original is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 17.
1 Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. viii. p. 142 (1859). 2 Loe, cit.
PHOCID®. 2038
Genus CALLOPHOCA, Van Beneden’.
Callophoca obscura, Van Beneden’.
This species is allied to the existing Phoca grenlandica.
Hab. Kurope.
M. 1157. Cast of the humerus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. i. pl. xi.
figs. 1-4.
M. 1158. Cast of the left radius. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 5, 6.
M. 1161. Cast of the left innominate (imperfect). The original is
figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 7.
M. 1160. Cast of the left femur. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 8-10.
M. 1159. Cast of the left tibia. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 13.
M. 1162. Cast of the calcaneum. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cvt. figs. 11, 12.
Genus PLATYPHOCA, Van Beneden’*.
Platyphoca vulgaris, Van Beneden*‘.
This species is allied to the existing Phoca barbata.
Hab. Europe.
M. 1187. Cast of the left humerus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. i.
pl. xii. figs. 1-4.
M. 1188. Cast of the innominate. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 5.
M. 1189. Cast of the left femur. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 6-8.
M. 1190. Cast of the right tibia. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 9.
1 Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. xli. p. 799 (1876).
2 Loe. cit, 8 Loe. cit. * Loe. cit.
204 CARNIVORA.
Genus GRYPHOCA, Van Beneden’.
Gryphoca similis, Van Beneden ’.
This species is allied to the existing Halicherus gryphus.
Hab. Europe.
M. 1191. Cast of the left scapula. The original is figured by Van.
Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. 1.
pls xa. ties, 12.
M. 1192. Cast of the left humerus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 3-6.
M. 1195. Cast of the innominate. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 11.
M. 1196. Cast of the right femur. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 14-16.
M. 1197. Cast of the proximal extremity of the right tibia. The
: original is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. figs. 19, 20.
M. 1198. Cast of the astragalus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 21.
M. 1193. Cast of a lumbar vertebra. The original is figured by
Van Beneden, op. cit.
M. 1194. Cast of the sacrum. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit.
Genus PHOCANELLA, Van Beneden *.
Phocanella pumila, Van Beneden*.
This species is allied to the existing Phoca fotida.
Hab. Europe.
M. 1199. Cast of the right humerus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. i.
pl. xiv. figs. 1-4.
M. 1200. Cast of the distal half of the left radius. The original is
figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 5.
1 Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. xli. p. 799 (1876).
2° T00, Cit. 8 Loe. cv. #00. Cts
PHOUID &. 205
M. 1202. Cast of the innominate. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 7.
M. 1203-4. Casts of twohumeri. The originals are figured by Van
Beneden, op. cet. figs. 8-10.
M. 1205. Cast of the proximal extremity of the right tibia and fibula.
The original is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 12.
M. 1201. Cast of a lumbar vertebra. The original is figured by
Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 6.
Phocanella minor, Van Beneden’.
This species is allied to the existing Phoca fetida.
Hab. Kurope.
M. 1206. Cast of the right humerus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. i.
pl. xiv. figs. 13-16.
M. 1209. Cast of the innominate. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 20.
M. 1208. Cast of the right innominate. The original is figured by
Van Beneden, op. cit. figs. 21-238.
M. 1210. Cast of the right tibia and fibula. The original is figured
by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 24.
M. 1207. Cast of the sacrum. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 18.
Genus PHOCA, Linn’?
Phoca vitulinoides, Van Beneden*.
This species is allied to the existing Phoca vitulina.
Hab. Europe.
M. 1211. Cast of a portion of the scapula. The original is figured
by Van Beneden in the Ann. Mus, R. Hist. Nat. Belg.
vol. i. pl. xv. fig. 5.
M. 1212. Cast of the left humerus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 6-10.
1 Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. xli. p. 799 (1876).
2 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 55 (1766).
$ Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. xxxii. p. 5 (1871).
206 CARNIVORA.
M. 1217-8. Casts of parts of the radius and ulna. The originals
are figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. figs. 10, 11.
M. 1215. Cast of the innominate. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 28.
M. 1216. Cast of the right femur. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. figs. 19-21.
M. 1219. Cast of the left tibia. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 22.
M. 1213. Cast. of the distal portion of the tibia and fibula. The
original is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 25.
M. 1214. Cast of the associated femur, innominates, sacrum, and
three vertebre. The originals are figured by Van Beneden,
op. cit.
Genus MONATHERIUM, Van Beneden’.
The genus is considered to be closely allied to the existing Mona-
chus. _
Monatherium delogni, Van Beneden ’.
Hab. Europe.
M. 1220. Cast of the sacrum and innominate. The original is figured
by Van Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg.
vol. i. pl. xvi. figs. 5, 6.
M. 1221. Cast of the centrum of a dorsal vertebra. The original is
figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 1.
M. 1222. Cast of the centrum of a lumbar vertebra. The original
is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 2.
M. 1223. Cast of the centrum of a caudal vertebra. The original
is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 3.
Monatherium affine, Van Beneden’.
Hab. Kurope.
M. 1224. Cast of the right humerus. The original is figured by
Van Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. i.
pl. xvi. figs. 7-9.
1 Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. xli. p. 800 (1876).
2 Loc. eit. 8 Loc. cit.
PHOCID ®. 207
M. 1225. Cast of the proximal extremity of the ulna. The original
is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 10.
M. 1226. Cast of the right radius. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 11.
M. 1228. Cast of the astragalus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 12.
M. 1229. Cast of the caleaneum. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 13.
M. 1227. Cast of the tibia. The original is figured by Van Beneden,
op. cit. fig. 14.
Monatherium aberratum, Van Beneden’.
Hab. Europe.
M. 1230. Cast of the right humerus. The original is figured by
- .Van Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. i
pl. xvil. figs. 1-4.
M. 1238. Cast of the radius. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 5.
M. 1233. Cast of the astragalus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 14.
M. 1235. Cast of the fifth left metatarsal. The original is figured
by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 11.
M. 1235 a. Cast of the fifth left phalangeal. The original is figured
by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 10.
M. 1236. Cast of a portion of the sternum. The original is figured
by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 6.
M. 1232. Cast of the centrum of a cervical vertebra. The original
is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. fig. 9.
M. 1231. Cast of the centrum of the fifth dorsal vertebra. The
original is figured by Van Beneden, op. cit. figs. 7, 8.
M. 1236-7. Casts of numerous associated bones. The originals are
figured by Van Beneden, op. cit.
1 Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. xli. p. 800 (1876).
208 - GARNIVORA.
Genus PROPHOCA, Van Beneden’.
Although this genus is a true Phocid, its affinities with any one
of the existing types rather than with another are not apparent
(Allen).
Prophoca rousseaui, Van Beneden’.
Hab. Europe.
M. 1239. Cast of the right humerus. The original is figured by
Van Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. 1.
Dixy Me |
M. 1241. Cast of the left radius. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 3.
M. 1242. Cast of the right femur. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 8.
M. 1243. Cast of the left tibia. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 8.
M. 1240. Casts of three associated lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum,
and pelvis. The originals are figured by Van Beneden,
op. cit.
Prophoca proxima, Van Beneden *.
Hab. Europe.
M. 1244. Cast of the left humerus. The original is figured by Van
Beneden in the Ann. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. vol. i.
pl. xvii. figs. 12-14.
M. 1246. Cast of the left radius. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 15.
M. 1245. Cast of the left ulna. The original is figured by Van
Beneden, op. cit. fig. 16.
1 Bull. Ac. R. Belg. ser. 2, vol. xli. p. 802 (1876).
2 Loc, cit. 3 Loe, cit.
RODENTIA. . 209
Order RODENTIA.
Suborder RODENTIA SIMPLICIDENTATA.
There is but one pair of incisors developed in the upper jaw.
Section SCIUROMORPHA.
Family SCIURIDA.
Dentition :—I. i C. = Pn. —- M. =
Genus SCIURUS, Linn.’
(Including Paleosciurus, Pomel *.)
Dentition :—I. } oo Oe > igi pelle
acturus bulgarig, Linn.’
Hab. Kurope and Northern Asia.
17644. The right humerus; from the Forest-bed of Ostend, Nor-
(fig.) folk. This specimen is figured by HE. T. Newton in the
Geol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. vill. p. 259 (1881), and in the Mem.
Geol. Surv. Eng. “‘ Vertebrata of Forest-bed Series,” p. 92,
pl. xiv. fig. 12 (1882). Green Collection. Purchased, 1843.
Sciurus feignouxi, Pomel ’*.
Syn. Paleosciurus feignouxt, Pomel >.
Spermophilus speciosus, H. v. Meyer © (teste Schlosser).
Hab. Kurope.
26713. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
showing all the cheek-teeth except the first true molar;
from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy (Aller),
France. This specimen is precisely similar to a mandible ~
figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. iv.
figs, 14, 15. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 86 (1766).
2 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 17 (1853).
8 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 86 (1766).
In P. Gervais, Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, lst ed., explanation of pl. fake
p- 7 (1848-52).
> Catalogue Méthodique, p. 17 (1858). ® Neues Jahrb. 1859, p. 474.
P
210 RODENTIA,
26714. The right femur; from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-
Puy. A similar specimen is figured by Filhol, op. cit.
figs. 7,8. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
31086. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible’, containing
pm. 4 and m.1; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31087. An upper incisor; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31088. A lower incisor; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31090 a. Distal half of the humerus; from the Lower Miocene of
Allier. A similar specimen is figured by Filhol, op. cit.
figs. 1, 2. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31089-92. Four specimens of the tibia (two imperfect) ; from the
Lower Miocene of Allier. A similar specimen is figured
by Filhol, op. cit. figs. 19, 26.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31093. The left caleaneum ; from the Lower Miocene of Allier. A
similar specimen is figured by Filhol, op. cit. figs. 4, 5.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Sciurus chalaniati, Pomel’.
This is a very minute species, which Filhol thinks does not
approximate to any existing form. It has hitherto been recorded
only from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy ; but the writer
has been unable to distinguish the Upper Eocene specimens noticed
below from the type form. Schlosser* refers a mandible from the
phosphorites to a new species, under the name of S. dubius; that
mandible is slightly larger than the type of S. chalaniat, but the
points in which it differs are not distinctly defined.
Hab. France.
M. 1630. Three specimens of rami of the mandible, with the den-
tition imperfect ; from the Upper Hocene of Caylux (Tarn-
et-Garonne), France. These specimens apparently agree
' This and the other specimens from the Bravard Collection are entered in
the Museum Register as Amphisciwrus typus, Bravard, MS.
* Catalogue Méthodique, p. 17 (1853).
R Paleontoeenpinde vol. xxxi. p. 70 (1884).
ss
SCIURIDZ. AM.
precisely with the mandible of S. chalamati figured by
Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. xu. fig. 31.
Purchased, 1884.
Sciurus, sp. (cf. S. bredai, H. v. Meyer’).
Hab. Europe.
42826. The much-crushed skeleton of a rodent, probably belonging
to the present genus, from the Upper Miocene of Giningen,
Switzerland. It is not improbable that this specimen,
which indicates an animal rather smaller than S. vul-
garis, may belong to Meyer’s ill-defined S. bredar, which
Schlosser” suggests may be identical with one of the
Sansan species. Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
Genus PSEUDOSCIURUS, Hensel’.
Dentition.—The cheek-teeth of this genus are distinguished from
those of Sciwrus by their more elongated crowns. The number of
the teeth is the same as in Sciwrus.
Pseudosciurus suevicus, Hensel’.
Hab. Switzerland.
35820. Fragments of the mandible and incisors; from the Upper
Eocene (‘‘ Bohnerz”) of Girlinger-Thal, Wiirtemberg.
Purchased, 1860.
35821-2. Two incisors; from the Upper Eocene of CHrlinger-Thal.
Purchased 1860.
35823. Three vertebre ; from the Upper Eocene of (Hrlinger-Thal.
Purchased, 1860.
35824, Fragments of various limb-bones ; from the Upper Eocene
of Girlinger-Thal. Purchased 1860,
Genus SCIUROIDES, Forsyth-Major’.
The cheek-teeth of this genus are also of an elongatedform. The
number of the teeth is the same as in Sciwrus.
1 Neues Jahrb. 1848, p. 472.
2 Paleontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 70 (1884).
8 Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. vol. viii. p. 660 (1856). * Ibid. p. 670.
5 Palseontographica, vol. xxii. p. 83 (1878). ;
P2
Jap be RODENTIA. ms
Sciuroides quercyi, Schlosser’.
Hab. France.
M. 1349. Three rami of the mandible; from the Upper Eocene of
Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. The perfect spe-
cimen agrees precisely with the one figured by Schlosser,
loc. cit. pl. i. figs. 8, 8. The space occupied by the four
cheek-teeth measures 0,016. Purchased, 1884.
Sciuroides intermedius, Schlosser’.
This species is smaller than the last.
Hab. France.
M. 1348 c. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the first three
cheek-teeth ; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-
Garonne), France. This specimen agrees precisely with
the one figured by Schlosser, loc. cit. pl. 1. figs. 9, 13.
Purchased, 1884.
Genus SPERMOPHILUS, F. Cuvier’.
ries : 1 0 2) 5
Dentation :—I. 5, C. 5, Pm. 5, M. 3.
Spermophilus superciliosus, Kaup’.
Syn. Arctomys superciliosus, Pictet.
Hab, Kurope.
21500. The cranium and mandible (imperfect) ; from the Pleistocene
of Eppelsheim, Hesse-Darmstadt. Purchased, 1847.
26720-4. Two rami of the mandible and numerous limb-bones ;
from the Pleistocene of Coredes (Puy-de-Déme), France.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
Spermophilus erythrogenoides,, Falconer’.
Hab, Kurope.
47500. Anterior portion of the cranium, three portions of the
mandible, numerous limb-bones, and five vertebre of a
species of Souslik; from the Pleistocene of Erith, Kent.
1 Paleontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 60 (1884). 2 Ibid. p. 62.
3 Mem. d. Muséum, vol. ix. p. 293 (1822), Spermophile.
4 In Meyer’s ‘ Palzologia,’ p. 58 (1882). .
5 In ‘ Falconer’s Palxontological Memoirs,’ vol. ii. p. 458 (1868).
eet
SCIURIDZ. 213
The mandibles appear to be indistinguishable from Fal-
coner’s type mandible of S. erythrogenoides, figured in the
‘ Paleontological Memoirs,’ vol. ii. pl. xxxv. figs. 1, 2, 3;
the space occupied by the three true molars being pre-
cisely the same in both (0,010). Nehring’ considers
S. erythrogenoides very close to S. eversmanni, Brandt
(S. altatcus, Eversmann). The molars of the Erith cranium
seem indeed indistinguishable from some upper teeth from
the Forest-bed, figured by E. T. Newton in the Geol. Mag.
dec. 2, vol. ix. pl. ii. (1882), and provisionally referred to
that species; but the three lower molars of the Forest-
bed form measure only 0,085; and the recent mandible
of S. eversmanni figured by Falconer (loc. cit. figs. 6, 7)
is decidedly smaller than the Erith specimens, and rela-
tively lower at pm.4. - On the whole, apart from the
question as to the specific distinctness of S. erythrogenoides,
it appears highly probable that the Erith Souslik belongs
to that form. Presented by R. W. Cheadle, Hsq., 1876.
Genus PLESIARCTOMYS, Bravard’.
The molars of this genus approach those of the Squirrels.
Plesiarctomys gervaisi, Bravard’.
Syn. Sciwrus arctomynus, Pomel?.
Hab. France.
27584. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, showing the four
(Fig.)
cheek-teeth ; from the Upper Eocene of Apt (Vaucluse),
France. This specimen, which is the type, is figured and
described by P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Frangaises,
2nd ed. pp. 24, 25, pl. xlvi. fig. 13.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Genus ARCTOMYS, Schreber’.
Dentition :—I. ;, C. 5, Pm. 2, M. 3.
1 Neues Jahrb. 1880, vol. ii. p. 121.
2 In P. Gervais’s Zool. et Pal. Francaises, lst ed., explanation of pl. xlvi.
p. 2 (1848-52).
3 Ibid.
4 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 18 (1853).
5 Saugethiere, vol. iv. p. 721 (1792).
214 RODENTIA.
VM : Arctomps marmotta (Linn.*).
Wa _ Syn. Mus marmotta, Linn?
Arctomys prumigenius, Kaup 3.
Myoxus primigenus, Kaup.
Hab. Europe.
There appear to be no sufficient grounds for separating Arctomys
primgenius from the slightly smaller existing European form.
27624 a, The cranium and two portions of the mandible; from the
Pleistocene of Champeix, near Issoire (Puy-de-Dome),
France. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Family CASTORID A.
ah ty a0 1 3
Dentition :—I. ;, C. 5, Pm. ;, M. 5.
Genus CASTOR, Linn.’
Castor fiber, Linn.’
Syn. Castor fossilis, Goldfuss °.
Castor ewropeus, Owen’.
Hab. Kurope.
39889. A nearly complete skeleton ; from Watcham Fen, near Ely,
Cambridgeshire. Purchased, 1866.
39889 a. The cranium and mandible; from Isleham Fen, near
Cambridge. Presented by — Barrett, Esq.
41368. The cranium and mandible; from the turbary of the Lea
valley, near Walthamstow, Essex. Purchased, 1869.
42922. The cranium, wanting the zygomatic arches, the incisors,
and some of the cheek-teeth ; from the turbary of Ghent,
Belgium. Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
46133. Cranium, wanting the malar bones; dredged off the Dogger
Bank. Owles Collection. Purchased, 1874.
37199. Cranium, wanting the right zygomatic arch; from Ditton
Fen, Cambridgeshire. Purchased, 1863.
1 Syst. Nat. ed 12, vol. i. p. 81 (1766). 2 Loe, cit.
3 In Meyer's ‘ Paleeologia,’ p. 61 (1832).
4 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 78 (1766). 5 Loe. cit.
® Nova Acta Ac. Oss, Leop.-Oar. vol. xi. pt. 2, p. 488 (1823).
rf
‘British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ p. 190 (1846).
CASTORIDZ. BTS
37200. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the incisor ; from
Ditton Fen. Purchased, 1863.
39468. The anterior portion of the cranium and the mandible ; from
the Fens of Lincolnshire. Purchased, 1865.
42715. The mandible ; from the Fens near Ely, Cambridgeshire.
Purchased, 1871.
23767. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible;
from the Pleistocene of Iford, Essex. Purchased, 1849.
M. 1623. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
wanting the greater part of the canine; from the Pleisto-
cene of Ilford. Brady Collection. Purchased, 1878.
39900. The right ramus of the mandible of a young individual ;
from Burwell Fen, Cambridgeshire. Purchased, 1866.
22038. Two portions of incisors; from the Pleistocene of Grays,
Essex. Purchased, 1848.
23768. Five cheek-teeth ; from the Pleistocene of Ilford, Essex.
Purchased, 1849.
41369. The two scapule, humeri, radius and ulna, tibia, and parts
of the vertebral column; from the turbary of the Lea
valley, near Walthamstow, Essex. Purchased, 1869.
41451. The left humerus, wanting the head ; from the turbary of
the Lea valley, near Walthamstow. = Purchased, 1869.
41452. The left humerus, wanting the epiphyses; from the turbary
of the Lea valley, near Walthamstow. Purchased, 1869.
36629-30. Two humeri (imperfect) ; from the Pleistocene of Grays,
Essex. i Purchased, 1855.
39468. The associated humerus, radius, ulna, femur, and tibia;
from the Fens of Lincolnshire. Purchased, 1865.
39895. Two humeri, two femora, the tibia and fibula, innominate,
and part of the vertebral column; from the Fens, near
Cambridge. Purchased, 1866.
41750. The pelvis; from the turbary of the Lea valley, near
Walthamstow. Purchased, 1869
216 RODENTIA.
41450. The right innominate ; from the turbary of the Lea valley,
near Walthamstow. Purchased, 1869.
39468 a. The scapula, the humerus, radius, and ulna of a young indi-
vidual; from the Fens of Lincolnshire. Purchased, 1865.
Genus TROGONTHERIUM,, Fischer’.
Syn. (P) Deobroticus, Pomel?.
Mistory.—The genus Trogontherium was originally described by
Fischer on the evidence of a cranium from the Pleistocene of
Siberia. Remains of a large Rodent from the Pleistocene of
England and France were subsequently referred by Owen® to the
Same genus and species. P. Gervais* came, however, to the con-
clusion that both the English and French specimens were generically
distinct from Fischer’s specimen, and adopted for them -Pomel’s
name of Drobroticus. This view is followed by Alston’ and Flower’ ;
but E. T.-Newton” comes to the conclusion that Owen’s view is
correct, alleging that the difference between Fischer’s specimen and
the English and French form is merely due to differences in the
degree of wearof the cheek-teeth. As this view has not been dis-
proved, it is provisionally adopted here.
Trogontherium cuvieri, Fischer’.
Syn. (?) Diobroticus sehmerlingt, Pomel’.
Castor trogontherium, Cuvier".
Hab. Kurope.
M. 472. Cast of the cranium, wanting the zygomatic arches and the
nasals. The original, which is Fischer’s type specimen,
was obtained from the Pleistocene of Siberia, and is pre-
served in the Museum at Moscow.
Presented by the Moscow University.
1 Mém. Soe. Imp. Nat. Mose. vol. ii. p. 260 (1809).
2 Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. vol. ix. p. 167 (1848).
3 Catalogue Foss. Rem. of Mammalia and Aves in Mus. Roy. Coll. Surgeons,
p. 35 (1845) ; British Foss. Mammals and Birds, p. 184 (1846); Geol. Mag.
vol. vi. p. 49 (1869).
4 Zool. et Pal. Générales, 1st ser. p. 81 (1867-69).
5 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 78.
® Catalogue of Mammalia in Mus. Roy. Coll. Surg. p. 602 (1884).
7 Geol. Mag. dee. 2, vol. viii. p. 256 (1881).
8 Loc. cit. 8 Locwait.
10 Ossemens Fossiles, Ist ed. vol. v. pt. 1. p. 59 (1828). The specific name
trogontherium has the priority over cwviert; but the former has been so gene-
rally used in a generic sense that it seems best to retain the latter.
CASTORID 2. Aw §
16449. The right ramus of the mandible; from the Forest-bed of
(Fig.) Bacton, Norfolk. This specimen (which may be regarded
as the type of Pomel’s Diobroticus schmerling:) is figured
by Owen in the ‘British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’
fig. 71, p. 184. Green Collection. Purchased, 1843.
40978. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the pre-
(Fig.) molar and the first and second true molars; from the
Forest-bed of Cromer, Norfolk. This specimen is figured
by Owen, op. cit. figs. 72-3, pp. 186, 189.
Presented by Sir C. Lyell, Bart., 1868.
16119. Greater portion of an incisor ; from the Forest-bed of Bacton.
Green Collection. Purchased, 1843.
M. 1570. Casts of an incisor and parts of the mandible. The
originals are from the Forest-bed of Mundesley, Norfolk.
No history.
40979. Distal extremity of the femur ; from the Norwich Crag of
Thorpe, Norfolk. This specimen is the one mentioned by
Owen in the ‘ British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’ p. 191,
where it is referred to Castor fiber (europeus).
Presented by Sir C. Lyell, Bart., 1868.
40979 a. Casts of the femur, tibia, and caleaneum. The originals
are from the Forest-bed of Mundesley, Norfolk, and are
figured by Owen in the Geol. Mag. vol. vi. pl. iii. (1869).
The originals were in the collection of the Rey. S. W. King.
No history.
Genus CHALICOMYS, Kaup’.
Syn. Steneofiber, Geoffroy”.
Steneotherium, Geoffroy 3.
Chloromys, H. v. Meyer ¢.
The writer follows Schlosser, ‘‘ Die Nager des europiischen Ter-
tiirs” ‘ Paleontographica, vol. xxxi., p. 21 (1884), in uniting
Chalicomys and Steneofiber. The former name, having the priority,
is adopted for the genus. The genus is distinguished from Castor
by the presence of an entepicondylar foramen to the humerus. The
molars are more distinctly rooted and have squarer crowns, with
1 Tsis, 1832, p. 994.
2 Revue Encyclopédique, vol. lix. p. 95 (1833). 3 Loe. cit.
4 Neues Jahrb. 1843, p. 390.
218 RODENTIA.
4 the enamel-folds obliterated at an earlier stage of wear. The cranium
yt presents well-marked differences from Castor.
}
Chalicomys eseri, H. v. Meyer’.
Syn. Chloromys, H. v. Meyer”.
Steneofiber esert, Pomel3,
Steneofiber viciacensis, P. Gervais‘.
Steneofiber noulett, Pomel5 (7 parte P).
Steneofiber castorinus, Pomel 6.
The authority for most of the synonymy is that of Filhol, in the
Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. art. 3, p. 44 (1879). The species is a diffi-
cult one to define, as there seems a great amount of variation in the
size of the teeth of different specimens, which appear, however, to
pass so gradually into one another as to forbid their poe
separation.
Hab. Kurope.
26707. Anterior portion of the right ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the canine and the first three cheek-teeth ; from
the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy (Allier), France.
This specimen agrees very well in relative size with the
cranium figured by P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Fran-
gaises, 2nd ed. pl. xlvii. fig. 9a, and is of very nearly
the same size as the mandible figured by Filhol in the
Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. v. fig. 3; the length of the
space occupied by the first three cheek-teeth is, however,
somewhat less. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
26708. Articular portion of the left ramus of the mandible; from
| the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy.
| Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
40897. The greater part of the left ramus of the mandible, showing
all the teeth ; from the Lower Miocene of Aller. The
premolar is smaller than in No. 26707, but the true molars
are of the same size. Presented by C. Falconer, Ksq., 1867.
1 Neues Jahrb. 1846, p. 474. (The species is often quoted as Neues Jahrb.
1838, p. 414; 1843, p. 390; but these are incorrect: the names éser? and cas-
torinus were applied in the same year.)
2 Ibid. 1848, p. 390.
3 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 21 (1853) ; errortm, eschart.
4 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, Ist ed. vol. i. p. 22 (1848-52),
5 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 24 (1853).
6 Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2, vol. iv. p. 885 (1846).
35747.
35748.
31064.
31063.
31062.
40901.
26709.
26710.
26711,
keane 219
Fragments of the mandible, showing the cheek-teeth of both
sides ; from the Lower Miocene of Germany. The pre-
molar is of the same size as that of No. 26707, but the
true molars are larger, and are also slightly larger than
those in the specimen figured by Filhol, loc. at. The
length of the space occupied by the first three cheek-teeth
in this specimen is 0,0165, and in No. 26707, 0,0155.
Purchased, 1865.
Part of an incisor; from the Lower Miocene of Harlach,
near Ulm, Wiirtemberg. Purchased, 1865.
Part of the left ramus of the mandible, with the four cheek-
teeth ; from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy.
The teeth are slightly smaller than those of No. 40897,
the length of the first three: being 0,0135. The differ-
ence in the size of this specimen and No. 35747 is very
considerable, but the other specimens afford such a tran-
sition, that it appears impossible to separate them.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Part of the right ramus of the mandible, agreeing in size
with the last ; from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-
IL’. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Part of the left ramus of the mandible of an immature in-
dividual, containing the milk-molar and the three true
molars ; from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy.
This specimen agrees in size with the two last.
Bravard Collection, Purchased, 1852.
The right humerus, wanting the head; from the Lower
Miocene of Allier. This specimen is similar to one figured
by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x. pl. vi. figs. 8, 9.
Presented by C. Falconer, Esq., 1867.
The left humerus : from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-
le-Puy. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The left innominate; from the Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-
le-Puy. This specimen agrees precisely with a less per-
fect one figured by Filhol, op. cit. fig. 10.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31067, 31072. Three specimens of the femur; from the
220 RODENTIA.
Lower Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy. No. 31072 agrees
precisely with a specimen figured by Filhol, op. cit. figs.
13, 14. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
26712, 31070-1. Three specimens of the tibia; from the Lower
Miocene of St. Gérand-le-Puy. No. 26712 agrees pre-
cisely with a specimen figured by Filhol, op. cit. figs. 11,
124. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
27756 b. Part of an incisor; from the Lower Miocene of Puy-de-
Dome. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Chalicomys jzgeri, Kaup’.
Syn. Castor jegert, Kaup’.
Castor subpyrenaicus, Lartet?.
Steneofiber jegert, Schlosser *.
Hab. Kurope.
48474. Fragments of the upper and lower jaws; from the Middle
Miocene of Kapnach, Switzerland.
Presented by C. Falconer, Esq., 1867.
21500 a. Cast of a part of the right ramus of the mandible; the
original from the Miocene near Mayence. Purchased.
33263. The third right lower true molar ; from the Middle Miocene
of Sansan (Gers), France. This specimen belongs to
Lartet’s Castor subpyrenaicus, which Schlosser identifies
with the present species. Presented by M. Ed. Lartet,
Genus CASTOROIDES, Foster’.
In this genus, which is of gigantic size, the incisors have nume-
rous longitudinal grooves, and the cheek-teeth have their enamel-
folds completely separate and extending quite across their crowns;
there are four folds in the last upper true molar and the lower
premolar, but only three in all the other teeth.
1 Isis, 1832, p. 995.
2 Oss. Foss. d. Darmstadt, pt. 5, p. 115 (1839).
3 Notice sur la Colline Sansan, p. 21 (1851).
4 Palexontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 23 (1884).
5 In Mather’s Second Annual Report of the Geological Survey of the State
of Ohio, p. 81 (Columbus, 1838).
CASTORIDZ. pipe
Castoroides ohioensis, Foster’.
Hab. N. America.
40341. Cast of the cranium and the right ramus of the mandible.
The original is from the Pleistocene of Clyde, New York,
and is preserved in the Geneva College, New York.
Purchased, 1869.
GENUs non det.
Hab. England.
27985. A lower cheek-tooth of a large Rodent; from the Pleisto-
(fig.) | cene of Copford, Essex. ‘This specimen is figured in the
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. viii. p. 188 (1852), and is
there provisionally referred to Castor. The figure is re-
produced in the accompanying woodcut (fig. 30). The
Lower cheek-tooth of a castoroid rodent; from the Pleistocene of Copford.
1
y- (From the Geological Society’s ‘ Journal.’)
tooth differs from the molars of all species of Castor known
to the writer, by the circumstance that the enamel-folds
run directly across the crown. It comes nearer to the
molars of Zrogontheriwm, but does not seem to agree
exactly with any specimens available for comparison.
Presented by John Brown, Esq., 1852.
+ In Mather’s Second Annual Report of the Geological Survey of the State
of Ohio, p. 81 (Columbus, 1838).
222 RODENTIA,
Section MYOMORPHA.
Family MYOXIDA.
Dentition:—I. * C. 5 Pm. 7 M. =
Genus MYOXUS, Schreber’.
For paleontological purposes it seems that this genus must be
taken to include Muscardinus, Hliomys, and Graphiwrus, as many of
their distinctive characters are not applicable to fossils. Myo«us
proper and Muscardinus have well-marked and numerous enamel-
folds on the flat crowns of the cheek-teeth, and no perforation in the
angle of the mandible. In Hliomys the mandible is perforated, and
the crowns of the cheek-teeth are concave and have few and faintly-
marked enamel-folds. In Graphiwrus the mandible is imperforate,
and the crowns of the cheek-teeth are flat, with scarcely any traces
of enamel-folds,
Myoxus melitensis, Leith Adams’.
Syn. Myoxus carte, Leith Adams?®.
This is the largest species of the genus. The cheek-teeth have
_ flat crowns with complex foldings, and there is no perforation in
the angle of the mandible. The species consequently belongs to
Myowus proper.
Hab. Malta.
49342. The nearly complete cranium, wanting the incisors, but
showing the whole of the cheek-teeth, in a well-worn con-
dition ; from the Crendi Cave, Malta. The length from
the inferior border of the foramen magnum to the ex-
tremity of the premaxilla is 0,060, and the length of the
space occupied by the four cheek-teeth 0,013.
Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
49343. Anterior portion of the cranium, wanting several of the
cheek-teeth ; from the Crendi Cave.
Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
49344. Anterior portion of the cranium, wanting the nasals, and
1 Saugethiere, vol. iv. p. 824 (1792).
2 Journ. R. Dublin Soe. vol. iv. p. 18 eral (read Noy. 1861). The name
is misprinted miletensis,
8 Loe. cit. pl. il.
seat
MYOXIDZ. 223
with the teeth in an unworn condition; from the Crendi
Cave. Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
49345. Anterior portion of the cranium, somewhat damaged, but
with the teeth in an unworn condition ; from the Crendi
Cave. Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
49346. Anterior portion of the cranium, with the teeth in a slightly
worn condition; from the Crendi Cave.
Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
49347. The anterior portion of the cranium, with the crowns of the
teeth hammered off; from the Crendi Cave.
Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
49348. The palatal portion of the cranium, wanting the cheek-teeth
of the left side; from the Crendi Cave.
Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
49349. The occipital portion of a very large cranium; from the
Crendi Cave. Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
44574. Numerous specimens of the upper and lower dentition ; from
the caves of Malta.
Leith-Adams Collection. Purchased, 1873.
49350. Numerous specimens of the mandible; from the Crendi
Cave. The space occupied by the four cheek-teeth in the
largest individual is 0,016, and the width of the penulti-
mate molar 0,005. Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
49342 a. Five specimens of the mandible; from the Zebbug Cave,
Malta. Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
44574 a. Glenoidal extremity of the scapula, one complete and five
(Fig.) broken specimens of the humerus, and two specimens of
the proximal extremity of the ulna; from the caves of Malta.
The portion of the scapula and the humerus are figured
by Leith Adams in the Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. vi. pl. liv.
figs. 10-13. Letth-Adams Collection. Purchased, 1873.
44574 b. Four imperfect specimens of the innominate, one perfect
(Figq.) and three imperfect specimens of the femur, and three
imperfect specimens of the tibia; from the caves of Malta.
The perfect femur is figured by Leith Adams in the Trans.
Zool. Soe. vol. vi. pl. liv. figs. 8, 9.
Leith-Adams Collection. Purchased, 1873.
224 RODENTIA.
49342 b. Five specimens of the femur (two imperfect); from the
Zebbug Cave. Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
49351. Five imperfect specimens of the tibia and five of the cal-
caneum ; from the Crendi Cave.
Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
44574¢c. Several vertebree and ribs; from the caves of Malta.
Leith-Adams Collection. Purchased, 1873.
49351. Several vertebre and ribs ; from the Crendi Cave.
Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
Myoxus sansaniensis, Lartet’.
This is a minute species, distinguished by the complex arrange-
ment of the enamel-folds of the lower molars; the mandible is
imperforate.
Hab. France.
33274. Fragments of the mandible and maxillz (with teeth), and of
the humerus, femur, and tibia, with several complete
specimens of the calcaneum ; from the Middle Miocene of
Sansan (Gers), France. These specimens agree precisely
with those figured by Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Frangaises,
2nd ed. pl. xliv. Presented by M. Hd. Lartet.
Myoxus murinus, Pomel’.
Syn. Brachymus ornatus, H. von Meyer *.
Myozus obtusangulus, 1. von Meyer *.
(?) Myoxus prumevus, Schlosser *.
This species has not hitherto been recorded below the Lower-
Miocene horizon of St. Gérand-le-Puy. Schlosser has separated a
mandible from the French phosphorites under the name of MZ.
primevus, that specimen being slightly larger than the typical
form, but apparently not distinguished by other characters. The
folds on the crowns of the cheek-teeth are comparatively simple,
and the angle of the mandible is perforated; whence it is not
improbable that the species belongs to the so-called genus Hlobius.
Hab. France.
M. 1629. The greater part of the right ramus of the mandible; from
the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France.
1 Notice sur la Colline de Sansan, p. 20 (1851).
2 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 24 (1853).
3 Neues Jahrb. 1847, p. 454. 4 Lbid. 1859, p. 172.
Palzontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 76 (1884).
.
—— peta
MYOXID.—MURID &. papas
This specimen appears to agree precisely with the spe-
cimens figured by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. x.
pl. u. figs. 3-6. The space occupied by the four cheek-
teeth measures 0,004, or the same as in one of Filhol’s
specimens. The corresponding space in the mandible
described by Schlosser as W. prumevus measures 0,0046.
Purchased, 1884.
34904. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the incisor and the four cheek-teeth; from the
Lower Miocene of Puy-de-Déme’. The space occupied by
the four cheek-teeth is 0,0036.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31118. The right ramus of the mandible, showing the incisor and
the first true molar; from the Lower Miocene of Allier’.
This specimen shows the perforation of the mandible,
which is broken posteriorly.
: Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
31189. The femur, apparently associated with the last specimen.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Myoxus, sp.
This species is smaller than MW. melitensis, and is also distinguished
by the perforation of the mandible, in which respect it agrees with
the group Lllobius. The specimens are too imperfect for specific
determination.
Hab. Europe.
49342 c. The right ramus of the mandible, wanting the cheek-
teeth ; from the Crendi Cave, Malta.
Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
49351. The left ramus of the mandible, wanting the cheek-teeth ;
from the Crendi Cave, Malta.
Spratt Collection. Presented, 1878.
Family MURIDA.
Dentition :—I. i C. os Pm, 4 M.= (except in Sminthus [Pm. 1 and
Hydromys [M. 5).
1 Entered in Register as Cenomys typus, Bray. MS.
? Entered in Register as Mus antiquus, Bray. MS.
226 RODENTIA.
A. Molars rooted.
Genus NESOKIA, Gray’.
Characterized mainly by the stoutness of the incisors ; the first
molars have three, and the others two ridges.
Nesokia, sp. (cf. WV. hardwicki, Gray’).
Hab. India.
16529a. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing
the incisor, first molar, and the broken bases of the two
succeeding teeth ; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills,
India. This specimen is noticed by the present writer in
the ‘ Paleeontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. i. p. 126, under
the name of Mus(?)sp.; and is probably the source of the
statement by Falconer and Cautley, in the Journ. As. Soe.
Bengal, vol. iv. p. 706 (1835), that the genus occurs in the
Siwaliks. It is practically undistinguishable from the
corresponding part of the mandible of the existing Nesokia
hardwicki, Gray; but, in view of the doubts as to the
number of existing species, it would be unwise to say that
it belongs to the same species, although it is quite possible
that this may be the case. The Rodents of the Siwaliks are
precisely the forms of mammals which might be expected to
have continued unaltered to the present day.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Genus CRICETUS, Cuvier’.
Molars with tubercles arranged in pairs, of which the first has
three and the rest two only; these entirely patie in aged spe-
cimens (Alston).
Cricetus musculus, Pomel’.
A minute species.
Hab. Europe.
26727-9. Two rami of the mandible, and two specimens of the
humerus and femur; from the Pleistocene of Coudes
(Puy-de-Déome), France. The humerus shows the ent-
epicondylar foramen characteristic of the genus.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
Genus MIUS, Linn.’
Molars with transverse ridges, each composed in youth of three
tubercles (Alston).
1 Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. x. p. 264 (1842).
2 Lhd. vol. i. p. 585 (1887), Mus.
® Regne Animal, ed. 1, vol. i. p. 198 (1817).
4 Cat. Méth. p. 31 (1853). © Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 79 (1766).
“J
MURIDA. pi
{Hus lineslatus, Gould’.
Hab. Australia. The modern race of this species is confined to
Tasmania, while the Pleistocene race occurred on the mainland of
Australia. A similar distribution occurs in the case of Mastacomys
and Hapalotis, as well as in Thylacinus.
43895. Several fragments of the cranium and mandible; from the
caves of the Wellington Valley, Australia.
Presented by the Trustees of the Australian Museum, 1867.
IWWius (?) sp.
Hab. Switzerland.
42823. The greater part of the skeleton of a murine rodent, in
a much-crushed condition; from the Upper Miocene of
Ciningen, Switzerland. The condition of this specimen
seems to preclude its exact determination.
Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
42821. The skeleton of a murine rodent, in a much-crushed con-
dition ; from the Upper Miocene of (Hningen. This spe-
cimen, in which only the impression of the bones remains
in many places, indicates an animal of about the size of
M. musculus, but is too damaged for specific deter-
mination. Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
Genus MASTACOMTYS, Thomas’.
Distinguished from Mus by the excessive width of the molars, as
well as by certain differences in the pattern on their crowns.
{tlastacomps fuscus, Thomas’.
Hab, Australia. |
42673. Fragments of the maxilla and mandible, and two specimens
of the tibia; from the caves of the Wellington Valley,
Australia.
Presented by the Trustees of the Australian Museum, 1867.
Genus HAPALOTIS, Lichtenstein‘.
The molars of this genus have the same structure as in Mus.
Hapalotis albipes, Lichtenstein’.
43895. Two imperfect rami of the mandible, and three detached
* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 77.
* Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. ix. p. 413 (1882), 3 Loe, cit.
* Darst. neuer Saugeth. vol. iv. pl. xxix, (1829). ® Loe. cit.
Q 2
228 RODENTIA.
first molars; from the caves of the Wellington Valley,
Australia.
Presented by the Trustees of the Australian Museum, 1867.
Genus CRICETODON, Lartet'.
The molars are not unlike those of Cricetus, but there are only
two pairs of tubercles on the first tooth in each jaw. The molars
are also very like those of Hesperomys ; and it is not improbable that
the fossil genus may have been the ancestral form of several of the
allied existing genera.
Cricetodon minor, Lartet’.
Syn. Cricetodon pygmeus, Fraas*.
This is a very minute species.
Hab. Europe.
33270. Numerous molars; from the Middle Miocene of Sansan
(Gers), France. As these teeth, as well as the specimens
of the other two named species from the same locality,
were determined by Lartet, the correctness of the specific
reference may be assumed. Presented by M. Hd. Lartet.
Cricetodon medius, Lartet ’*.
Syn. Cricetodon minor, Fraas * (teste Schlosser).
This species is rather smaller than Mus rattus, the length of the
space occupied by the cheek-teeth being about 0,006.
Hab, Europe.
33269. Detached teeth and fragments of the maxilla and mandible ;
from the Middle Miocene of Sansan (Gers), France.
Presented by M. Ed. Lartet.
Cricetodon cadurcensis, Schlosser °.
Hab. France.
M.1632. A ramus of the mandible; from the Upper Eocene of
Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. ‘This specimen agrees
precisely with the one figured by Schlosser, Joc. cat. pl. viil.
figs. 22, 28. The length of the space occupied by the
1 Notice sur la Colline de Sansan, p. 20 (1851). 2 Loe, cit.
5 Fauna von Steinheim, p. 14 (1870).
* Notice sur la Colline de Sansan, p. 20 (1851).
5 Fauna von Steinheim, p. 13 (1870).
* Paleontographica, vol, xxxi. p. 90 (1884).
MURIDZ. 229
three molars is 0,0068, the dimensions of Schlosser’s spe-
cimens ranging from 0,0067 to 0,0073. Purchased, 1884.
Cricetodon gergovianus (P. Gervais’).
Syn. Mus gergovianus, P. Gervais?.
Hab. France.
27756. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible; from
the Lower Miocene of Cournon (Puy-de-Déme), France.
The length of the space occupied by the three molars is
0,0058, the length in the type form being 0,006 according
to Schlosser. It is almost impossible to distinguish the
present specimen from the mandible of the Upper-Miocene
C. medius (No. 33269) ; and it appears quite probable that
the two may be specifically the same.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Cricetodon sansaniensis, Lartet’.
This species is rather larger than the Hamster.
Hab. Kurope.
33268. A molar tooth; from the Middle Miocene of Sansan (Gers),
France. Presented by M. Ed. Lartet.
48190. Three fragments of the mandible ; from the Middle Miocene
of Steinheim, Bavaria. The length of the space occupied
by the three molars is 0,0084. Purchased, 1877.
Genus HESPEROMYS, Waterhouse’.
Molars narrow, with tubercles arranged in pairs, which soon wear
away, leaving the crown flat with indenting folds. Cranium with
or without marked supraorbital ridges.
Elesperomys, sp. 1.
Hab. 8. America.
17616. Anterior portion of the cranium of a comparatively large
species, wanting the incisors, but showing the cheek-
teeth ; from a cavern near Lette-Lagoas, Brazil. This
specimen is allied to the existing H. angouya, Desm., but
is distinct. Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
1 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 1st ed. vol. ii. explan. pl. xlviii. (1848-52), Mus.
2 Loc. cit.
3 Notice sur la Colline de Sansan, p. 20 (1851).
4 Zoology of the Voyage of the ‘ Beagle,’ vol. i. p. 75 (1889).
=
=
230 RODENTIA.
Hesperomys, sp. 2.
Hab. §. America.
17616 a. Anterior portion of the cranium, and two rami of the
mandible; from the caverns of Minas Geraes, Brazil. This
cranium is smaller than the last, and has not been identified
with that of any living species.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
‘Hesperomys, sp. 3.
Hab. 8S. America.
18898. Middle portion of the cranium, showing the cheek-teeth ;
from a cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil. The teeth of
this species are larger than those of the last. It comes
nearest to the group Oavymycteris.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Hesperomys, sp. 4.
Hab. 8. America.
18897. Anterior portion of the cranium, showing all the dentition;
from a cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil. This specimen
belongs to the group Habrothrix, and comes nearest to the
existing H. arviculoides, Pictet.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
B. Molars semirooted or rootless.
Genus ARVICOLA, Lacépéde’.
Molars rootless (rarely semirooted), separated into prisms, which
are placed alternately.
Arbicola amphtbtus (Linn.”).
Syn. Mus amphibius, Linn.’
Four outer and five inner angles in first lower molar; three outer
and two inner angles in second upper molar; molars rootless
throughout life.
Hab. Europe and North Asia.
15081. Anterior portion of the cranium and three imperfect rami of
(Fig.) the mandible; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay. The
cranium and one ramus of the mandible are figured by
Owen in the Brit. Foss. Mammals and Birds, p. 201, fig. 76.
McKnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
» Mém. de l'Institut, vol. iii. p. 495 (1801). ,
2 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 82 (1766), Mus. 3 L0G, Clie
MURIDZ, 931
54 (0. C.) The middle portion of the cranium, the left ramus of the
mandible, the ulna, innominate, femur, and tibia; from
Kirkdale Cave, Yorkshire.
Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
30518-9. Seven rami of the mandible; from the Pleistocene of
Mayence. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
35682. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible;
from Kirkdale Cave. Bean Collection. Purchased, 1859.
55 (0.C.). Part of the right ramus of the mandible and some detached
teeth ; from the Bromberg Cave, Posen.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
M. 1125. Anterior portion of the right ramus of the mandible of an
Arvicola, apparently belonging to a small individual of the
present species; from the Forest-bed of West Runton,
. near Cromer, Norfolk.
Presented by W. Barker, Esq., 1883.
17643. A considerable portion of the skeleton ; from the Forest-bed
of Ostend, near Bacton, Norfolk.
Green Collection. Purchased, 1848.
15944, 17641, 17626, 18231. Numerous specimens of the upper and
lower jaws; from the Forest-bed of Ostend. There are
numerous other specimens from this locality in the same
collection, which it has been considered unnecessary to
enter in this Catalogue.
Green Collection. Purchased, 1843.
36568. Two fragments of the mandible; said to have been obtained
from the Eocene clay of Kyson, Suffolk. There is every
probability that these specimens were introduced.
Purchased, 18538.
Arvicola ambiguus, Pomel’.
Syn. Arvicola gulielmi, Sanford’.
Five outer and six inner angles in the first lower molar; four
outer and three inner angles in the second upper molar. ‘This
' Catalogue Méthodique, p. 27 (1858).
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. vol. xxvi. p. 125 (1870).
Dao RODENTIA.
species is slightly smaller than A. amphibius. There seems no
reasonable doubt of the identity of A. ambiguus with A. gulielm.
Hab. Europe.
21501. The cranium, mandible, and tibia; from the Pleistocene
of Eppelsheim, Hesse-Darmstadt. Purchased, 1847.
55 b(0.C.). The first lower molar; from the Bromberg Caye, Posen.
Sémmering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
Avbicola ratticeps, Keys. and Blasius’.
Syn. Lemmus medius, Nilsson.
Four outer and five inner angles in the first lower molar; three
outer and two inner angles in the second upper molar; the first
angle of m. 1 very large; molars rootless throughout life.
Hab. Europe.
55a (0.C.). The greater part of the right ramus of the mandible,
showing the incisor and the first and second molars; from
the Bromberg Cave, Posen.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
Arbicola agrestis (Linn.’).
Syn. Mus agrestis, Linn.’
Mus gregarvus, Linn.4
Five outer and six inner angles in the first lower molar; three
angles on either side of the second upper molar; molars rootless
throughout.
Hab, Kurope.
15084. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible, and
(Fig.) the tibia; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay. These
specimens are figured by Owen in the Brit. Foss. Mammals
and Birds, p. 206, fig. 77.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842,
15084 a. Numerous fragments of the upper and lower jaws; from
Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
30520. Two rami of the mandible; from the Pleistocene of Mayence. ©
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
* Mém. Ac. Imp. St. Pétersbourg, vol. iv. p. 833 (1841).
* Fauna Suecica, ed. alt. p. 11 (1761), Mus. — 9? Lope
4 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 84 (1766).
MURID H.—SPALACID &. 29386
Arbicola qlareolugs (Schreber’).
Syn. Mus glareolus, Schreber?.
Arvicola pratensis, Baillon’.
Arvicola riparia, Yarrell+.
Four outer and five inner angles in the first lower molar; three
outer and two inner angles in the second upper molar; molars
rooted in adult.
Hab. Kurope.
489245. Numerous specimens of the cranium and mandibie ;
from Brixham Cave, near Torquay.
| Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
15095. Anterior portion of the cranium, and the left ramus of the
(fig.) mandible; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay. These
specimens are figured by Owen in the Brit. Foss. Mammals
and Birds, p. 208, fig. 78, under the name of Arvicola
pratensis. McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
Arvicola, sp.
Hab. Europe.
48190. Fragments of the cranium and mandible; from the Middle
Miocene of Steinheim, Bavaria. These specimens indicate
an animal of the size of A. glareolus, and having the same
number of angles in the first lower molar; but they are
probably insufficient for specific determination. No species
of the genus is mentioned by Fraas in the ‘Fauna von
Steinheim ’ (1870). Purchased, 1877.
Family SPALACID Ai.
Genus RHIZOMYS, Gray’.
ae 1 0 0 3
Dentition :—I. fe oie 0 gee dlls Fe
Rhizomys sivalensis, Lydekker‘*.
Syn. (?) Zyphlodon, Falconer’.
Hab. India.
15925. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
three molars; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills,
* Saugeth. vol. iii. p. 680 (1774), Mus. 2 Loe. cit.
° In F. Cuvier’s Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iv. pt. Ixviii. p. 2 (1834).
4 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 109. ® Proce. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 95.
® Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind. vol. xi. p. 101 (1878).
7 Falconer’s Paleontological Memoirs, vol. i. p. 23 (1868).
934 RODENTIA.
India. This and the next specimen are slightly larger
than the type specimen (woodcut, fig. 31); but as they are
otherwise precisely similar, they have been provisionally
referred by the present writer, in the ‘ Paleontologia In-
dica,’ ser. 10, vol. ii. p. 107, to the same species. The
length of the space occupied by the three molars is 0,019.
Cauiley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Fig. 31.
m.1. m.2. m. 3.
Rhizomys sivalensis,—Part of the left ramus of the mandible; from the Siwaliks
of the Punjab. Indian Museum, Calcutta, $. (From the ‘ Palzontologia
Indica.’)
15926. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
second molar and the broken bases of the teeth on either
side; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
15927. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
first and second molars, in a more worn condition than in
either of the preceding specimens; from the Pliocene of
the Siwalik Hills. Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
15927 a. Two molar teeth; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills.
Cautley Collection. Presented, 1842.
Section HYSTRICOMORPHA.
Family THERIDOMYID A.
This family was established by Alston’ for the reception of the
genera Theridomys, Archwomys, and Issiodoromys. Schlosser? con-
siders that the first two genera, together with Protechinomys and
Trechomys, are most nearly allied to the existing Octodontidw (Lon-
cheres and Kchinomys); while he refers® sstodoromys and the allied
Nesocerodon to the Caviide (Dolichotis). This arrangement has been
adopted here.
Dentition:—I. 5, 0. °s Pm. 4, M. 2.
* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 88.
* Palzontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 83 (1884). 8 Ibid. p. 15.
THERIDOMYIDA. 5 5
Genus THERIDOMYS, Jourdan’.
Cheek-teeth rooted, with three or four reentering enamel-folds,
which become isolated enamel-loops on the worn crowns (Alston).
The structure of the cheek-teeth approaches that of some species of
Loncheres and Echinomys; the humerus referred to the fossil differs
from that of the recent genera in possessing a supracondylar per-
foration,
Theridomys lembronicus (Bravard’).
Syn. Neomys lembronicus, Bravard?.
Theridomys dubius, Pomel *.
This species is of relatively large size; on the worn crowns of the
upper cheek-teeth the large internal enamel-fold persists, and there
are four enamel-islands on the outer side.
flab. Europe.
34946. The palate, showing the cheek-teeth of both sides; from the
Lower Miocene of Antoin (Puy-de-Déme), France. This
specimen agrees very closely with the one figured by
P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Francaises, 2nd ed. pl. xlvii.
figs. 1, la. The length of the space occupied by the four
cheek-teeth is 0,011.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
34922. The cheek-dentition of the left side; from the Lower Miocene
of Antoin. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
34924. The first three cheek-teeth of the right side, in a well-worn
condition ; from the Lower Miocene of Antoin.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
27760. The palate, showing the cheek-dentition of both sides; from
the Lower Miocene of Sauvetat (Puy-de-Dome).
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27715. The right ramus of the mandible, showing the incisor and
the two first cheek-teeth; from the Lower Miocene of
St. Yvoine (Puy-de-Doéme).
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
1 Comptes Rendus, vol. v. p. 483 (1837).
2 Consid. s. la Distrib. d. Mamm. Foss. du Puy-de-Déme, p. 40 (1844), ‘este
P. Gervais, Neomys. 3 Loe. cit.
* Catalogue Méthodique, p. 34 (1853).
236
27638.
27757.
26718.
27757.
34956.
34949.
34940.
34927,
34948.
34931.
RODENTIA.
Part of the left ramus of the mandible, showing all the
teeth ; from the Lower Miocene of St. Yvoine. The length
of the space occupied by the four cheek-teeth in this speci-
men is 0,012. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
The lower cheek-teeth of the right side: from the Lower
Miocene of Perrier (Puy-de-Dome).
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Part of the left ramus of the mandible, showing the incisor
and the first three cheek-teeth; from the Lower Miocene
of Perrier. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
Part of the right ramus of the mandible, showing the incisor
and the first three cheek-teeth; from the Lower Miocene
of Perrier. The teeth are of large size; and this is pro-
bably one of the specimens on which Pomel founded his
T. dubius. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
The nearly complete left ramus of the mandible; from the
Lower Miocene of Antoin. This specimen agrees exactly
with the one.figured by P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal.
Francaises, 2nd ed. pl. xlvii. figs. 3, 3a.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The greater part of the right ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the four cheek-teeth ; from the Lower Miocene of
Antoin. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
The left ramus of the mandible; from the Lower Miocene
of Antoin. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Part of the left ramus of the mandible, showing all the den-
tition, with the roots of the molars exposed; from the
Lower Miocene of Antoin.
— Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Part of the right ramus of the mandible, with all the den-
tition; from the Lower Miocene of Antoin.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
F ragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing three
cheek-teeth ; from the Lower Miocene of Antoin.
Bravard Oollection. Purchased, 1852.
34931 a. Fragment of the Jeft ramus of the mandible, containing the
incisor and three cheek-teeth ; from the Lower Miocene of
Antoin. Bravard Oollection. Purchased, 1852,
a
THERIDOMYID&. BT
27760. Three fragments of the mandible; from the Lower Miocene
of Sauvetat. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27636. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, showing the first
three cheek-teeth and the complete incisor; from the
Lower Miocene of Sauvetat.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
34944—5. Fragments of the cranium and mandible; from the Lower
Miocene of Antoin.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Theridomys aquatilis, Aymard’.
Syn. Theridomys jourdani, Aym. (non Gieb.).
Isoptychus jourdant, Pomel’.
Lsoptychus aquatilis, Pomel?.
? Theridomys rotundidens, Schlosser *.
? Theridomys cuviert, Pomel.
This species is considerably smaller than the last, the average
length of the space occupied by the upper cheek-teeth being 0,008,
and that by the lower 0,010. The four cheek-teeth are nearly equal
in size, and there are only three distinct enamel-islands on the worn
crowns of the upper teeth.
Hab. Europe.
27756. The palatal portion of the cranium, showing the left incisor
27756 a.
and the four cheek-teeth of either side; from the Lower
Miocene of Cournon (Puy-de-Déme), France. This spe-
cimen agrees precisely with the one figured by P. Gervais
in the Zool. et Pal. Francaises, 2nd ed. pl. xlvi. figs. 7,
7a, and by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. xii. pl. vi.
fig. 12. The length of the space occupied by the four
cheek-teeth is 0,009.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
The nearly complete left ramus of the mandible, containing
the incisor and the four cheek-teeth ; from the Lower
Miocene of Cournon. This specimen agrees very closely
with the mandibles figured by P. Gervais (op. cit. fig. 6)
and Filhol (op. cit. fig. 14). The length of the space
occupied by the four cheek-teeth is 0,010.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
t Ann. Soe. Agric. Sci. le Puy, vol. v, p. 82 (1850), zeste Filhol.
* Catalogue Méthodique, p. 35 (1853). This species is identified with agua-
tilés on the authority of Filhol, Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. xii. art. 3, pp. 14, 16.
& Lind.
* Paleontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 38 (1884).
238 RODENTIA.
27635. Two specimens of part of the upper and lower dentition ;
from the Lower Miocene of Sauvetat (Puy-de-Dome).
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27760. Several specimens of the upper and lower jaws; from the
Lower Miocene of Sauvetat. One specimen of the man-
dible shows the milk-molars.
Crozet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27760a. Part of the left.ramus of the mandible of an immature
individual, showing the premolar partly protruded; from
the Lower Miocene of Sauvetat.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27760 b. The first three right lower cheek-teeth of a young indi-
vidual, with the milk-molar in situ; from the Lower Mio-
cene of Sauvetat. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27694a. Part of the left ramus of the mandible; from the Lower
Miocene of Puy-de-Dome. No hastory.
M. 1628. The greater part of the left ramus of the mandible, show-
ing the four cheek-teeth ; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux
(Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This specimen agrees in size
with the one from Ronzon figured by Filhol in the Ann.
Sci. Géol. vol. xii. pl. vi. fig. 16. Schlosser’ refers a very
similar specimen from the Upper Eocene of Caylux to the
new species 7’. rotundidens, remarking that the only differ-
ence from 7’. aquatilis consists in its slightly smaller dimen-
sions. This distinction does not appear of specific value.
Filhol (Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. viii. art. 1, p. 302) records
the present species from Caylux. Purchased, 1884.
Specimens provisionally referred to the present Species.
Schlosser? and Filhol® refer the species of Theridomys from the
Upper Eocene of Vaucluse to 7’. sederolithicus, Pictet (7. vaillante,
P. Gervais), and 7’. cuviert, Pomel; but the writer has not been able
to distinguish the specimens from those deposits mentioned below
from the present species. Seeing that 7’. aquatilis occurs in the
phosphorites, there is no reason why it should not also occur in the
Vaucluse beds. Schlosser is, indeed, inclined to identify the Vau-
cluse 7’. cwviert with his 7’. rotundidens, which the present writer
cannot distinguish from 7’. aquatilis.
* Palezontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 58 (1884). 2 Ibid.
3 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. art. 1, p. 320. |
THERIDOMYIDZ. 239
28137. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the four
cheek-teeth ; from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse, France.
This specimen agrees precisely with the Lower Miocene
specimen No. 27756 a.
Bravard Oollection. Purchased, 1852.
26730. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the
first three cheek-teeth ; from the Upper Eocene of Vau-
-cluse. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28147. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the four
cheek-teeth ; from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28146. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing the four
cheek-teeth ; from the Upper Eocene of Vaucluse.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
28136. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible of an imma-
ture individual, containing two cheek-teeth, the first of
which is the milk-molar; from the Upper Eocene of
Vaucluse. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
30159a. Numerous fragments of the maxilla and mandible, with
the cheek-teeth ; from the Headon beds (Upper Eocene)
of Hordweil, Hants. These teeth apparently agree pre-
cisely with those of the continental specimens of 7.
aquatilis. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
25228. Cranium, with the cheek-teeth in a very much worn con-
dition; from the Headon beds of Hordwell. Owing to
their worn condition the cheek-teeth of this specimen do
not exhibit the characteristic marking; but from the
resemblance of the specimen in other respects to the
eranium of 7’. aquaitilis, there seems little doubt but that
it belongs to the same species.
Presented by S. V. Wood, Esq., 1850.
36797. The greater part of the left ramus of the mandible, with the
cheek-teeth in an almost unworn condition; from the
Headon beds of Hordwell.
Presented by S. Laing, Esq., 1862.
40212. The greater part of the right ramus of the mandible of a
small individual, showing the four cheek-teeth ; from the
Headon beds of Hordwell. Purchased, 1867.
240 RODENTIA.
30322. Part of the left ramus of the mandible; from the Headon
beds of Hordweli. This specimen is slightly larger than
the preceding specimens, but probably belongs to the same
species. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
28905 a. Four upper cheek-teeth, not improbably belonging to a
large individual of the present species ; from the Headon
beds of Headon Hill, Isle of Wight. The crowns of the
teeth do not exhibit the characteristic pattern sufficiently
clearly to be sure of the specific determination.
Presented by F. E. Edwards, Esq., 1854.
36798. Numerous detached teeth; from the Headon beds of Hordwell.
Presented by S. Laing, Esq., 1862.
Genus PROTECHINOMYS, Schlosser’.
Cheek-teeth very like those of Archwomys, but rooted ; they also
resembie those of some species of Echinomys (e. g. E, leptosoma,
Wagner).
Protechinomys major, Schlosser’.
The worn upper cheek-teeth exhibit either three or four bands of
enamel.
Hab. France.
M. 1348 e. Several specimens of the maxilla; from the Upper
Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. These
specimens agree precisely with those figured by Schlosser
(loc. cit. pl. v. figs. 3, 4,15), exhibiting three bands of
dentine on the crowns of the molars. Purchased, 1884.
M. 1347. Several specimens of the maxilla; from the Upper Eocene
of Caylux. These specimens exhibit four bands of dentine
on the crowns of the molars, but agree otherwise with the
type forms. Purchased, 1884,
M. 1347 a. Numerous rami of the mandible ; from the Upper Eocene
of Caylux. Most of these specimens agree with the speci-
mens figured by Schlosser (oc. cat. pl. v. figs. 1, 17, 20);
but some of the smaller ones may correspond with his
P. gracilis, if that form be really distinct.
Purchased, 1884.
1 Palxontographica, vol, xxxi, p. 45 (1884), Protechimys.
2 Ibid. p. 48.
THERIDOMYID &. 941
Protechinomys gracilis, Schlosser’.
This is a smaller species than the last.
Hab. France.
M. 1348b. Fragment of the maxilla; from the Lower Eocene of
Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This specimen agrees
with the one figured by Schlosser, loc. cit. pl. v. figs. 14, 23.
Purchased, 1884.
Protechinomys brevicens (Laizer and Parieu’).
Syn. Lchinomys breviceps, Laizer and Parieu’.
LEchinomys curvistriatus, Laizer and Parieu‘.
Theridomys breviceps, P. Gervais’.
Theridomys jourdant, Giebel®.
(?) Theridomys blainviller, P. Gervais’.
Schlosser (loc. cit. p. 41) observes that Theridomys blainviller un-
doubtedly belongs to Protechinomys, and that it is most probably
identical with 7. breviceps, which he likewise refers to Protechinomys
(loc. cit. p. 42). In a partially worn condition the upper molars
show three oblique bands of dentine. The species is about the size
of Theridomys aquatilis.
Hab. France.
27760. Part of the cranium, showing the cheek-dentition of the right
side; from the Lower Miocene of Sauvetat (Puy-de-Déme),
France. Thisand the next specimen agree in all essential
characters with the one figured by P. Gervais in the Zool.
et Pal. Francaises, 2nd ed. pl. xlvii. figs. 17, 17a, under
the head of Theridomys blainvillei ; but the length of the
space occupied by the cheek-teeth is slightly less,
Crozet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27702. The left upper cheek-dentition ; from the Lower Miocene
of Sauvetat. Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27760 a, 27712, 34900. Numerous specimens of rami of the man-
dible, several of which are nearly perfect ; from the Lower
1 Palexontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 46 (1884).
2 Comptes Rendus, vol. viii. p. 206 (1839), Eehi[no|mys.
3 Loe. ett.
4 Ibid. p. 25, This name has the priority, but dreviceps is very generally
adopted.
5 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. p. 31 (1859).
6 Fauna der Vorwelt, vol. i. p. 96 (1847).
7 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 1st ed. vol. ii., explan. pl. xlvii. (1848-52),
R
249 RODENTIA,
Miocene of Sauvetat. The teeth of these specimens agree
precisely with those figured by Gervais (op. cit. figs. 18,
18a), and are provisionally referred to Protechinomys
breviceps.
Bravard and Croizet Collections. Purchased, 1848-52.
27689. The palate, showing the cheek-dentition of both sides; from
the Lower Miocene of St. Yvoine (Puy-de-Dome).
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27757. The right upper cheek-dentition ; from the Lower Miocene
of Perrier (Puy-de-Dome).
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Genus ARCH ZZOMYS, Laizer and Parieu’.
Cheek-teeth rootless; the enamel-folds continuing across the
crown and dividing it into lamine; the lamine are subequal in
the lower teeth, but in the upper the first lamina is the largest.
The genus is connected by the last with Theridomys, aoe leads on
to the Chinchillide.
Archzomys laurillardi, P. Gervais’ (ex Bray.).
This is the largest species; there are four lamine of dentine on
the worn crowns of the upper molars.
Hab. France.
25099. Fragment of the cranium, showing the cheek-dentition of
the left side; from the Lower Miocene of Cournon (Puy-
de-Dome), France. This specimen agrees with the type
cranium figured by P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Fran-
caises, 2nd ed. pl. xlvii. figs. 15, 15a, with the exception
that the length of the space occupied by the four cheek-
teeth is somewhat less.
Oroizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
25100. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the four
cheek-teeth ; from the Lower Miocene of Cournon.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
25098. Fragment of the palate, containing some of the cheek-teeth ;
from the Lower Miocene of Cournon.
Crowzet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27674. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the first three
‘ Comptes Rendus, vol. viii. p. 206 (1839).
* Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 1st ed. vol. ii., explanation of pl. xlvii, (1848-52).
;
|
4
THERIDOMYID&. 943
cheek-teeth ; from the Lower Miocene of the neighbourhood
of Clermont (Puy-de-Déme).
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
27713. Part of the palate, containing the first three cheek-teeth of
the right side ; from the Lower Miocene of Perignat (Puy-
de-Dome). Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
34898. The nearly complete left ramus of the mandible; from the
Lower Miocene of Perignat.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
34899. The greater part of the right ramus of the mandible; from
the Lower Miocene of Perignat.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
27634. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the premolar ; from the Lower Miocene of Perignat.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
Genus TRECHOMYS, Lartet’.
Upper cheek-teeth with four outer and one or two inner enamel-
folds ; lower teeth usually with three inner and one outer enamel-
fold. The general structure of the cheek-teeth is somewhat similar
to that of Theridomys, but the incisors are distinguished by their
lateral compression.
Trechomys platyceps (Filhol’).
Syn. Theridomys platyceps, Filhol®.
Trechomys insignis, Schlosser *.
Schlosser had some doubts whether his 7’rechomys insignis was
the same as Filhol’s Theridomys platyceps: the specimens in the
Museum show decisively that this is the case.
Hab. France. }
M. 1627. Two fragments of the maxilla, showing some of the cheek-
teeth; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne),
France. These specimens agree precisely with the maxilla
figured by Schlosser, loc. c7é. pl. 111. figs. 16, 23.
Purchased, 1884.
1 Ann. Sci. Nat. vol. xii. p. 151 (1869).
2 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. art. 7, p. 50 (1876). 8 Loc. cit.
4 Palwontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 54 (1884).
RZ
244 RODENTIA.
M. 1627 a. Five rami of the mandible; from the Upper Eocene of
Caylux. These specimens agree with the mandible figured
by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vii. pl. xii. fig. 16, and
also with the less perfect one figured by Schlosser, Joc. cit.
pl. iii. figs. 6,11. The length of the space occupied by
the four cheek-teeth in the specimen in which the pre-
molar is present is 0,0121, and the depth of the ramus at
the second true molar 0,009. Purchased, 1884.
Trechomys intermedius, Schlosser *.
This species is smaller than the last.
Hab. France.
M. 1348 a. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, showing the
four cheek-teeth and the incisor; from the Upper Eocene
of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This specimen
agrees precisely with the type mandible figured by
Schlosser, loc. cit. pl. 111. figs. 21, 24,28. Purchased, 1884.
Family OCTODONTIDZ’.
Dentition :—I. 2 C. oa JEio, > M. - ; except in Ctenodactylus (Pm. as
Genus LONCHERES, [Illiger’.
Loncheres, sp.
Hab. 8. America.
18898. Anterior extremity of the left ramus of the mandible, show-
ing the incisor and the first two cheek-teeth; from a
cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil. H. Gervais and Ame-
ghino* mention one fossil species under the name of
L. affinis elegans. Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Genus CARTERODON, Waterhouse ’.
Incisors broad and furrowed longitudinally ; upper cheek-teeth
with one inner and two outer enamel-folds ; the lower similar, but
reversed. The genus was originally described from a fossil, but has
subsequently been found existing.
1 Paleontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 55 (1884).
* It is not improbable that this family should be fused with the last.
$ Prodromus Syst. Mamm. p. 90 (1811).
* Les Mammiferes fossiles de l’Amérique du Sud, p. 59 (1880).
5 Natural History of the Mammalia, vol. ii. p. 351 (1848).
OCTODONTIDZ, QA45
Carterovon sulct¥eng (Lund ‘*),
Syn. Echi|no|mys sulcidens, Lund ?.
Hab. 8. America.
17617. The cranium, wanting the left incisor and the last true
(Fig.) molars; from a cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil. This
specimen, which is the type of the genus, is described and
figured by Waterhouse in the ‘Natural History of the
Mammalia,’ vol. ii. p. 352, pl. xvi. fig. 7.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
17619. Cranium, covered with calcareous incrustation; from a
cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
17618. Anterior portion of the cranium, with three cheek-teeth
remaining ; from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
17620. The greater portion of the cranium, with five cheek-teeth
remaining ; from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
17621. Two specimens of the left ramus of the mandible; from a
(Fig.) cavern in Minas Geraes. One of these specimens is
figured by Waterhouse, op. cit. fig. 7 a.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18891. Five rami of the mandible; from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection, Purchased, 1845.
17620 a. Anterior portion of the cranium, with one much-worn
molar remaining ; from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Genus CTENOMYS, Blainville’.
Incisors broad. Cheek-teeth rootless, with kidney-shaped crowns ;
the third true molar above and below small and subcylindrical
(Alston). . ;
Ctenomys, sp. l.
Hab. $8. America.
40675 a. Several broken rami of the mandible and incisors; from
the Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres. Four fossil species
belonging to this genus are recorded by H. Gervais and
Ameghino from South America.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
* K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr. vol. viii. p. 99 (1841), Echimys. 2 Loc. cit.
° Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1826, p. 24.
246 RODENTIA.
Ctenomys, sp. 2.
Hab. S. America.
40675 b. The associated cranium and mandible, in a somewhat
broken condition ; from the Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres.
These specimens, which indicate a smaller species than
the last, come very close to the existing C. leucodon.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
Family HYSTRICID A.
Dentition :—I. 5, C. 5, Pm. 5, M. 3.
Genus SYNETHERES, F. Cuvier ’.
Syn. Sphingurus, F. Cuvier ?.
Cercolabes, Brandt °.
The teeth of this genus can only be distinguished from those of
Erethwzon by the circumstance that in the latter the first tooth of
the cheek-series is considerably longer than the last, whereas in the
former all the teeth are subequal.
Synetheres fossilis (Waterhouse *).
Syn. Cercolabes fossilis, Waterhouse °.
(?) Synetheres magnus, Lund °.
As the remains on which this species is founded do not show the
first tooth of the cheek-series, it is impossible to say whether it
really belongs to Synetheres or Hrethizon. On distributional grounds
it is, however, more probable that it belongs to the former, to which
it is accordingly provisionally referred. In size it considerably
exceeds the existing Hrethizon dorsatus, and is therefore very much
larger than any of the existing species of Synetheres.
Hab. 8. America.
18869. Two fragments of the opposite rami of the mandible; from
the caverns of Minas Geraes, Brazil. The more perfect
specimen shows the three true molars, and the less perfect
1 Mém. d. Muséum, vol. ix. p. 413 (1822), Synéthére.
2 Loe. cit., Sphingure.
5 Mém, Ke, Imp. St. Pétersbourg, ser. 6, vol. iii. p. 391 (1835).
* Natural History of the Mammalia, vol. ii. p. 486 (1848), Cercolabes.
5 Loe. cit.
®° K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Sky. vol. vii. p. 250 (1840).
HYSTRICID #. Q47
the first and second true molars, the teeth in both speci-
mens being in an early stage of wear and in beautiful
preservation. The specimens are provisionally referred
by Waterhouse, in the passage quoted, to the present
genus, and are said to be too small to belong to Lund’s
S. magnus; the description of that form seems, however,
to be too vague to be certain on this point. The following
dimensions show the length of the space occupied by the
three true molars in the more perfect fossil and in two
specimens of the existing Hrethizon dorsatus, viz. :—
S. fossilis. E. dorsatus.
0,0238 0,0208-0,0195.
The superior size of these specimens probably indicates
at least their specific distinction from Hrethizon dorsatus.
If they are identical with Synetheres magnus, that name
has the priority over S. fossils.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Genus H'YSTRIX, Linn.'*
The teeth of this genus are indistinguishable from those of Athe-
rura; but none of the living species of the latter attain anything
like the dimensions of the larger species of Hystria.
Fiystrix refossa, P. Gervais’.
Syn. Hystrix major, P. Gervais ° (teste Schlosser).
Hab. France.
34958-9. A right upper premolar and a first or second left upper
true molar*; from the Upper Pliocene of Perrier (Puy-de-
Dome), France. The premolar appears to agree exactly
with the lower premolar figured by P. Gervais in the Zool.
et Pal. Francaises, pl. xlviu. fig. 11, and both specimens
agree with the type in the complexity of the enamel-folds:
they appear rather larger than average specimens of H.
cristata, and thereby approach the Pleistocene so-called
H. major. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
34957. Fragment of the base of the incisor, associated with the
above. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 76 (1766).
2 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 1st ed. vol. ii., explanation of pl. xlviii. (1848-52),
3 Zool. et Pal. Générales, Ist ser. p. 76 (1876-79).
4 Wntered in the Register as Castor elaveris, Bravard, MS.
248 RODENTIA.
Hystrix, sp.
‘ Hab. Ttaly.
29692. The right upper premolar ; from the Upper Pliocene of the
Val d’Arno, Italy. This specimen is smaller than H. refossa
(No. 34959), and the folds of the enamel are apparently
simpler. Presented by the Earl of Enniskillen, 1855.
29692 a. Terminal portion of an incisor; from the Upper Pliocene
of the Val d’Arno. Lgerton Collection. Purchased, 1882.
Fiystrix sivalensis, Lydekker’.
This species is founded on the evidence of a fragment of the man-
dible, from the Siwaliks of the Punjab, India, figured in the accom-
panying woodcut (fig. 32), and is described by the writer in the
Fig, 32.
pm. 4, Toei m. 3.
Hystriz sivalensis—Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible; from the
Siwaliks of the Punjab. +. Indian Museum, Calcutta. (From the
‘ Palzontologia Indica.’)
‘Palzontologia Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. iii. p. 109; the characteristic
point of the specimen being the short crowns of the cheek-teeth.
Hab. India.
15923. The greater portion of the cranium and mandible of a young
(fig.) Porcupine; from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India.
This specimen, of which the cranium is figured in the
accompanying woodcut (fig. 33), has been described and
figured by the present writer in the ‘ Paleontologia
Indica,’ ser. 10, vol. iii. pp. 110,111, and provisionally
referred to the present species. The cranium has suffered -
considerably from crush, and has lost the nasals and a
part of the maxilla. In the upper jaw there are only two
teeth, and but three in the lower; thus showing that the
1 Rec. Geol. Sury. Ind. vol. xi. p. 100 (1878).
HYSTRICID #.—CHINCHILLID&. 249
specimen is not adult. The first tooth in each jaw is the
premolar, and the second the first true molar. On the left
side of the mandible the whole length of the crown of m. 1
Fig. 33.
Hystrix sivalensis (?).—Left lateral aspect of the cranium of a young individual,
with the nasals restored ; from the Siwalik Hills. 1. (From the ‘ Palzon-
tologia Indica.’)
is exposed ; and it is thus seen that in its lower part the
dimensions of this tooth are similar to those of the corre-
sponding tooth of the type mandible represented in fig. 32.
Presented by Generals Sir W. E. Baker, K.C.B.,
and Sir H. M. Durand, K.C.B., 1848.
Family CHINCHILLIDA.
AF 1 0 1 3
Dentition :—I. 5, Cap Ea Me
Genus LAGOSTOMUS, Brookes’.
Lagostomus trichovactylus, Brookes °.
Hab. 8S. America.
M. 1339. The cranium, mandible, and greater portion of the skeleton;
from the Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres. Purchased, 1882.
43246. Part of the cranium and mandible; from the Pleistocene of
Buenos Ayres. «Presented by Senor L. J. Fontana, 1871.
1 Trans. Linn. Soe. vol. xvi. p. 102 (1828). * Loc cit
250 RODENTIA.
43246 a. Greater portion of the cranium; from the Pleistocene of
Buenos Ayres. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
43246 b. Numerous limb-bones and vertebre; from the Pleistocene
of Buenos Ayres. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
43246 c. The nearly complete hind foot; from the Pleistocene of
Buenos Ayres. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
Family DASYPROCTIDA.
Dentition :—I. i C. Pm. 4, M. -.
Genus DASYPROCTA, [lliger '.
Syn. Chloromys, Cuvier (non Meyer).
The existing species resemble one another so closely in dental and
cranial characters that it seems impossible to apply specific names to
fossil forms.
Dasyprocta, sp.
Hab. 8. America.
18869. Occipital portion of the cranium ; from a cavern in Minas
Geraes, Brazil. Olaussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18871. Premaxille and incisors; from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18894. Two specimens of the palate, and three rami of the man-
dible; from a cavern in Minas Geraes. Ny
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18894 a. The tarsus; from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Genus CCBLOGENTYS, IF. Cuvier’.
Coelogenys paca (Linn.’).
Syn. Mus paca, Linn.*
Hab. §. America.
18690. The cranium of a female, imperfect posteriorly; from a
1 Prod. Syst. Mam. et Avium, p. 93 (1811).
* Ann. d. Muséum, vol. x. p. 203 (1807), Celogenus. |
8 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 81 (1766), Mus. 4 Loe. cit.
‘
oe
. —- ~ = —
a a
DASYPROCTID #.—CAVIID A. 251
cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil. This specimen is of the
size of the skull.of a full-sized living Paca, with which it
agrees in every respect. It probably corresponds to the
so-called C. major of Lund, with which C. laticeps, Lund,
hould probably be united.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
18868. Five rami of the mandible; from acavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
17572, 17590. Two specimens of the humerus; from a cavern in
Minas Geraes. Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
17579. The left ulna; from a cavern in Minas Geraes.
Claussen Collection, Purchased, 1845
17577-8. Two specimens of the left femur; from a cavern in
Minas Geraes. Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
17574. Two specimens of the left tibia; from a cavern in Minas
_ Geraes. Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Family CAVIID A.
Dentition :—I. i C. 2, Pm. ;, M. -
Genus CAVIA, Pallas ' (ex Klein).
Cabia porcellus (Linn.’).
Syn. Mus porcellus, Linn.?
(?) Cavia aperea, Gmelin.
? Cavia aperoides, Lund.
Hab. 8. America.
18898. The distal portion of the left ramus of the mandible, con-
taining the incisor and the first two cheek-teeth; from
a cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil. This specimen is indi-
stinguishable from the mandible of the existing Guinea-
pig. _ Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Genus MICROCAVIA, H. Gervais and Ameghino‘,
Microcavia, sp.
Hab. 8. America.
18898 a. Six rami of the mandible; from the caverns of Minas
* Miscell. Zool. fase. ii. p. 16 (1767).
> Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol..i. p. 79 (1766), Mus. 3 Loe. cit,
* Mammiferes fossiles de Amérique du Sud, p. 51 (1880).
Dan RODENTIA.
Geraes, Brazil. In the absence of figures, it is impossible
to say to which of the four species established by Gervais
and Ameghino these specimens belong.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Genus ISSIODOROMYS, Blainville* (ew Croizet).
Cheek-teeth rootless, with open re-entering enamel-folds dividing
their crowns into heart-shaped lobes; the subsidiary folds only
represented here and there by a minute enamel-island. There has
been considerable doubt as to the serial position of this genus. It
was placed by Alston among the Theridomyide; but it is very
closely allied to the next genus, which Schlosser considers allied to
Dolichotis.
Issiodoromys pseudanzma, P. Gervais’.
Syn. Palanema antiqua, Pomel ’.
Hab. France.
27768. The palate, with the cheek-teeth ; from the Lower Miocene
of Perignat, near Issoire (Puy-de-Dome), France.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848
34901. The upper cheek-dentition; from the Lower Miocene of
Sauvetat (Puy-de-Dome).
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1882.
34902. The nearly complete right ramus of the mandible; from the
Lower Miocene of Sauvetat.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
97691. Fragment of the lefi ramus of the mandible; from the
Lower Miocene of Perignat.
Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
96717. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, containing all the
cheek-teeth ; from the Lower Miocene of Cournon (Puy-
de-Déme). Croizet Collection. Purchased, 1848.
M. 1495. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, containing
the anterior cheek-teeth; from the Upper Eocene of
Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This specimen is
indistinguishable from No. 26717. The species is not _
recorded by Filhol or Schlosser from the phosphorites.
Purchased, 1884.
1 Comptes Rendus, vol. x. p. 932, note (1840).
2 Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, lst ed. vol. i. p. 27 (1848-52).
3 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 41 (1853).
ot
CAVIID®. a5,
Genus NESOCERODON, Schlosser’.
Cheek-teeth semi-rooted, otherwise very similar in general struc-
ture to Issiodoromys, from which the present writer is inclined to
doubt the propriety of separating the genus. The structure of the
teeth in different stages of wear is well exhibited in Schlosser’s
figures, loc. cit. pl. vii. It will be seen that the well-worn upper
molars represented in fig. 12 present precisely the same general
pattern as those of Jssiodoromys figured by P. Gervais in the Zool.
et Pal. Francaises, 2nd ed. pl. xlvii. fig. 6 a.
Wesocerodon quercyi, Schlosser’.
Hab. France.
M. 1348 d. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
incisor and the first three cheek-teeth ; from the Upper
Kocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne), France. This speci-
men agrees with the mandibles figured by Schlosser, Joc.
cu, ple val. fies, 1,./,.21. Purchased, 1884.
Nesocerodon minor (Filhol’).
Syn. Isstodoromys minor, Filhol *.
This species is smaller than the last, but it is not impossible that
it will ultimately be found that there is a transition in this respect
between the two; in which case the present name should stand for
the species.
Hab. France.
M. 1631. Fragment of the left maxilla, containing the four cheek-
teeth; from the Upper Eocene of Caylux (Tarn-et-Garonne),
France. This specimen agrees very closely with the one
described by Filhol, loc. cit., and those figured ‘vy Schlosser,
loc. cit. pl. vii. figs. 8,16, 20. The length of the space
occupied by the four cheek-teeth in the present specimen
is 0,008, in Filhol’s specimen 0,0075, and in Schlosser’s
specimens 0,007 and 0,0065. Purchased, 1884.
1 Palxontogra phica, vol. xxxi. p. 16 (1884), Nesokerodon.
2 Loc. cit. p. 19.
3 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. vil. art. 7, p. 52 (1876), Isstodoromys.
“ Loe. cit.
254 -- RODENTIA.
Genus DOLICHOTIS, Desmarest’.
Syn. Cerodon, Cuvier.
The last upper molar with three lobes.
Dolichotis, sp. 1.
Dolichotis minor, H. Gervais and Ameghino?.
Hab. S. America.
40675 c. Palatal portion of the cranium, containing all the cheek-
teeth ; from the Pleistocene of Buenos Ayres. ‘This
species is considerably smaller than the existing D. pata-
chonica, and may perhaps belong to D. minor, H. Gervais
and Ameghino, with which it agrees in the strongly de-
veloped third lobe of the last upper molar. The length
of the space occupied by the series of cheek-teeth is 0,0207. .
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
Dolichotis, sp. 2.
Hab. 8. America.
40675d. The right ramus of the mandible of a species somewhat
larger than the last; from the Pleistocene of Buenos
Ayres. The length of the space occupied by the series of
cheek-teeth is 0,0225.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854.
40675 e, f. Detached teeth and limb-bones, which may belong to
one or other of the foregoing species; from the Pleistocene
of Buenos Ayres. Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1854,
Genus HYDROCHGERUS, Erxl.* (ca Brisson).
Hyvrocherus cappbara, Erxl.*
Syn. (?) Hydrocherus affinis capybara, Lund.
Hab. 8. America.
18925. Portion of an incisor; from a cavern in Minas Geraes,
Brazil. This specimen agrees exactly in size with the
incisor of the living form, with which the so-called H.
affinis capybara’, Lund, may in all probability be united. _
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
' Mammalogie, p. 360 (1822).
2 Mammiféres fossiles de l’ Amérique du Sud, p. 47 (1880).
° Syst. Regn. Animal. p. 191 (1777). * Op. cit. p. 193.
5’ Vide 1. Gervais and Ameghino, ‘Mammiféres fossiles de ’ Amérique du
Sud,’ p. 43 (1880).
a eee a
LAGOMYID.Z. 255
Suborder RODENTIA DUPLICIDENTATA.
Incisors 2, at birth = ; the outer upper incisors soon lost; the next
pair very small, and placed directly behind the large middle pair.
Family LAGOMYIDAL.
Genus LAGOMYS, Cuvier’.
Syn. Titanomys, H. v. Meyer’.
Amplulagus, Pomel ®.
Myolagus, Hensel *.
Dentition:—In the existing species the formula of the cheek-
dentition is Pm. = M. S In certain fossil forms, however, to which
Pomel (loc. cit.) gave the name Amphilagus, the penultimate lower
premolar is very minute; while in others, for which Hensel has
proposed the name Myolagus, it is wanting. In another group,
forming Meyer’s genus 72tanomys (but including Amphilagus), the
penultimate premolar is normally wanting in both jaws. As there
is such a gradual and complete transition from the typical Lagomys
to the so-called Titanomys, it seems inadvisable to retain the three
genera Lagomys, Myolagus, and Titanomys; and all the forms are
accordingly grouped under the type genus, It is remarkable that
it is the newer forms which retain the penultimate premolar.
Lagonuws pustllug (Pallas ’).
Syn. Lepus pusillus, Pallas °.
Lagomys speleus, Owen".
The so-called L. speleus, Owen, is considered by Sanford (Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxvi. p. 126) to be in all probability identical
with the existing Siberian L. pusillus. The penultimate premolar
is minute.
Hab. N. Asia and Europe.
48886. Anterior portion of the cranium, showing the incisors and
(Fig.) most of the cheek-teeth ; from Kent’s Hole Cavern, Tor-
quay. This specimen is described and figured by Owen
in the Brit. Foss. Mamm. and Birds, p. 213, figs. 82-4,
under the name of Lagomys speleus, of which it is the
type. McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
1 Tabl. Hlém. d. Hist. Nat. p. 182 (1798).
2 Neues Jahrb. 1843, p. 393.
3 Catalogue Méthodique, p. 42 (1853).
4 Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. vol. viii. p. 688 (1856).
° Nov. Comm. Petrop. vol. xiii. p. 531 (before 1778), Lepus. 8 Loe. cit.
* British Fossil Mammals and Birds, p. 213 (1846).
“9%
256 RODENTIA.
48886. Palatal portion of the cranium; from Brixham Cave, near
Torquay. The length of the space occupied by the five
cheek-teeth in this specimen is 0,0077, and 0,0078 in the
preceding specimen.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
Lagomys sardus (Hensel *).
Syn. Myolagus sardus, Hensel?.
Lagomys corsicanus, P. Gervais 3.
This species is considerably larger than the last, the length of the
space occupied by the five upper cheek-teeth varying from 0,0085
to 0,0115. The penultimate upper premolar is large, but the corre-
sponding lower tooth is absent ; thus showing its distinctness from
all the existing species. ‘The limb-bones agree in size with those
of L. eningensis.
Hab. Sardinia and Corsica.
32333. Several fragments of the maxilla and rami of the mandible ;
from the Pleistocene breccia of Sardinia.
Buckland Collection. Purchased.
32333 a. Several specimens of the scapula, humerus, innominate,
femur, and tibia; from the Pleistocene of Sardinia.
Buckland Collection. Purchased.
Lagomys ceningensis, H, v. Meyer *.
Syn. Lagomys verus, Hensel’.
This is a large-sized species. In one of the specimens figured by
Von Meyer the last lower true molar is wanting.
Hab. Kurope.
49815. The skeleton, in a much-crushed and imperfect condition ;
from the Upper Miocene of Ciningen. This specimen
agrees very closely in size with the one figured by Von
Meyer in the ‘ Fossile Saugethiere etc. von Giningen,’ pl. iii.
fig. 1. The length of the scapula 1s 0,032, and that of the
femur 0,046. Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
42816. The bones of the hind limb; from the Upper Miocene of
(iningen. The length of the femur is the same as in the
last specimen, that of the tibia being 0,0500.
Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
1 Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. vol. viii. p. 689 (1856), Myolagus.
2 Loe. cit. ° Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, 2nd ed. p. 50 (1859).
4 Neues Jahrb. 1836, p. 58.
> Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. vol. viii. p. 688 (1856),
LAGOMYID. 257
42820. The bones of the hindlimb; from the Upper Miocene of
(Eningen. Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
Lagomys meyeri, Tschudi’.
Syn. Anema eningensis, Koenig”.
Lagomys sansaniensis, Lartet* (teste Schlosser).
Myolagus meyer, Fraas*.
This species is smaller than the last; the penultimate premolar is
absent in the mandible.
Hab. Kurope.
48195, 48189. Two specimens of the cranium and a fragment of the
mandible; from the Middle(?) Miocene of Habnenberg,
Bavaria. These specimens appear to agree exactly with
the skull figured by Fraas in the ‘ Fauna von Steinheim,’
pl. u. fig. 2, under the name of Myolagus meyeri. The
_palate of both specimens is concealed by matrix.
Purchased, 1877.
42819. Palatal aspect of the cranium, in a much-crushed condition ;
from the Upper Miocene of Ciningen. This specimen is
slightly smaller than the two last, and agrees very closely
with one figured by Fraas in fig. 4 of the plate cited.
Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
42819 a, The skeleton, in a crushed condition; from the Upper
(Fig.) | Miocene of Giningen. This specimen is figured by Koenig,
loc. cit.; it agrees very closely with the one figured by
H. von Meyer in the ‘ Fossile Siiugethiere yon Ciningen,’
pl. i. fig. 2. The length of the femur is 0,032 (or there-
abouts), and that of the tibia 0,034.
Sommering Collection. Purchased, 1827.
42818. Part of a much-crushed skeleton, probably belonging to the
present species; from the Upper Miocene of Céningen.
The length of the femur is very nearly the same as in the
last specimen. Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
1 In H. v. Meyer's ‘ Fossile Saugethiere &ce. yon Giningen,’ p. 7 (1845).
2 Teones Fossilium Sectiles, pl. x. fig. 126 (about 1825). This name has the
priority over Tschudi’s ; but the latter is generally adopted for this species.
3 Notice sur la Colline de Sansan, p. 21 (1851).
4 Fauna von Steinheim, p. 10 (1870).
958 RODENTIA.
42817. The cranium, in a crushed condition; from the Upper Miocene
of Giningen. Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
48195 a. The right ramus of the mandible; from the Middle Miocene
of Stemheim, Bavaria. This specimen agrees precisely
with the one figured by Fraas in the ‘ Fauna von Stein-
hein,’ pl. u. fig. 5, under the name of Myolagus meyerv.
Purchased, 1877.
42825. Some of the bones of the two hind limbs, in a much-crushed
condition ; from the Upper Miocene of (Eningen.
Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
47864. Numerous broken limb-bones, cemented together by a
calcareous incrustation; from the Middle(?) Miocene
of Hahnenberg, Bavaria.
Presented by Herr von Bezold, 1873.
42822. The much-crushed cranium of a very small Lagomys, which
may belong to a young individual of the present species ;
from the Upper Miocene of CEningen.
Van Breda Collection. Purchased, 1871.
33267. Five cheek-teeth, the caleaneum, part of the humerus, and
the radius; from the Middle Miocene of Sansan (Gers),
France. These specimens belong to Lartet’s M. sansam-
ensis, which Schlosser identifies with the present species,
although, in the original description, it is-stated that pm. 3
is absent. Presented by M. Ed. Lartet.
Lagomys visenoviensis (H. von Meyer’).
Syn. Titanomys visenoviensis, H. von Meyer’.
Lagomys trilobus, P. Gervais’.
Lagomys picoides, Pomel *.
(?) Amphilagus antiquus, Pomel’.
A small species, in which the penultimate premolar is absent in
both jaws. P. Gervais identifies Pomel’s Amphilagus antiquus with
this species. In the description of that species (Cath. Méth. p. 43)
it is stated that pm. 3 was present and m. 3 minute and caducous.
Hab. Europe.
1 Neues Jahrb. 1843, p. 393, Zitanomys. 2 Tee. Ott.
> Zool. et Pal. Frangaises, Ist ed. pl. xlvi. (1848-52).
* Catalogue Méthodique, p. 42 (1853). ' 5 Ibid. p. 48.
LAGOMYID ®.—LEPORID. 259
26715. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, showing the
three true molars; from the Lower Miocene of Allier,
France. Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851.
26716. Fragment of the left ramus of the mandible, containing all
the cheek-teeth ; from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Pomel Collection. Purchased, 1851,
31094-104. Several fragments of the mandible and lmb-bones ;
from the Lower Miocene of Allier.
Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
21495. Fragments of the mandible, and detached teeth; from the
Lower Miocene of Weissenau, Germany. These specimens
are mentioned by P. Gervais in the Zool. et Pal. Fran-
caises, 2nd ed. p. 50. Purchased, 1847.
41085. Impression of the skeleton ; from the Lower-Miocene Brown
- Coal of Rott, near Bonn. Purchased, 1868.
Family LEPORIDA.
Dentition:—I. =, C. 5, Pm. 3, M. 5.
Genus LEPUS, Linn.’
Lepus timtdus, Linn.’
Syn. Lepus europeus, Pallas®.
Hab. Europe.
57 (0.C.). The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible ;
(Fig.) | from Kirkdale Cave, Yorkshire. This specimen is figured
in Buckland’s ‘ Reliquie Diluviane,’ pl. xiii. fig. 8.
(?) Presented by W. Salmond, Esq. Before 1836.
15039. The greater portion of the left ramus of the mandible; from
(Fig.) Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay. This specimen is figured
by Owen in the ‘British Fossil Mammals and Birds,’
p. 210, fig. 80. McKnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 77 (1766).
2 Loe. cit.
3
Noy. Spec. Glirium, p. 380 (1778).
260 RODENTIA.
15091. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible,
containing the last two molars; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
48909. Two broken rami of the mandible; from Brixham Cave,
near Torquay. Briwham-Cave-Collection. Presented, 1876.
48910. The greater portion of the left scapula; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Oave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48909 a. The left innominate; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Oave Collection. Presented, 1876.
48909 b, 48911. Two specimens of the right femur, wanting the
epiphyses; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Oollection. Presented, 1876.
48911 a. The sacrum; from Brixham Cave.
Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
16713. Four specimens of the innomimate (broken); from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern. Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
44772. The proximal extremity of the right femur; from Kirkdale
Cave. Presented by Benjamin Bright, Esq., 1873.
16752. The associated metatarsals ; from Kent’s-Hole Cavern.
McEnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
16752 a. Three specimens of the calcaneum ; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
17764. The caleaneum; from the Forest-bed of Ostend, near Bacton,
Norfolk. j Green Collection. Purchased, 18438.
16757-8. Three imperfect specimens of the tibia; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern. Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
Lepus lacosti, Pomel’.
This species is intermediate in size between ZL. tumidus and-
I. cuniculus; but is nearest in structure to the last.
Hab. Europe.
' Catalogue Méthodique, p. 47 (1853).
LEPORIDZ. 261
27618, 36952. Two imperfect specimens of the left ramus of the
mandible, containing the whole of the dentition ; from the
Upper Pliocene of Perrier (Puy-de-Déme), France. The
jength of the space occupied by the five cheek-teeth is
0,016. Braverd Collection. Purchased, 1852.
34952-6. The humerus, femur, tibia, and part of the innominate ;
from the Pliocene of Perrier. The length of the humerus:
is 0,080, and that of the tibia 0,123; the corresponding
dimensions of Pomel’s type-specimens being 0,078 and
120: Bravard Collection. Purchased, 1852.
Lepus brastltensts, Linn.’
Syn. Lepus tapetr, Pallas”.
Lepus affinis brazihensis, Lund.
Hab. S. America.
18904. The cranium, wanting the zygomatic arches and part of
the premaxille ; from a cavern in Minas Geraes, Brazil.
This specimen is noticed by Waterhouse in the ‘ Natural
History of the Mammalia,’ vol. ii. pp. 144, 145, who
observes that it is distinguished from the existing form
merely by its slightly superior size.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845,
18905. Specimens of the palate and rami of the mandible; from the
caverns of Minas Geraes, Brazil.
Claussen Collection. Purchased, 1845.
Lepus cuntculus, Linn.’
Hab. Kurope.
From its burrowing habits Sanford (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.
vol. xxvi. p. 128) is strongly inclined to doubt the contemporaneity
of the Rabbit with the proper members of the Cave-fauna of England.
All the bones noticed below are in a comparatively fresh condition.
15089. The greater portion of the right ramus of the mandible ;
(i%ig.) from Kent’s-Hole Cavern, Torquay. This specimen is
1 Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 78 (1766).
Nov. Spec. Glirium, p. 30 (1778).
° Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i. p. 77 (1766).
262 RODENTIA.
figured by Owen in the ‘British Fossi Mammals and
Birds, p. 212, fie. Bil.
McKnery Collection. Purchased, 1842-
15089 a. Three broken rami of the mandible; from Kent’s-Hole
Cavern, Torquay. McHnery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
15089 b. The humerus and part of the femur and tibia; from Kent’s-
Hole Cavern. Mcknery Collection. Purchased, 1842.
48908. The greater portion of the skeleton; from Brixham Cave,
near Torquay. Brixham-Cave Collection. Presented, 1876.
Lepus, sp.
Hab. India.
16529. Fragment of the mandible, containing two cheek-teeth ; from
the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India. This specimen
is noticed by the present writer in the ‘ Palzontologia
Indica’ (Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind.), ser. 10, vol. i. p. 126.
It is insufficient for specific determination.
Cautley Collebtion. Presented, 1842.
ADDENDUM.
Tux following specimens were not observed till earlier sheets were
printed off :—
Order PRIMATES.
Genus ADAPIS (page 8).
Adapis magna, Filhol’. “
This species is of larger size than A. pariscensis: it has hitherto
been recorded only from the Upper Kocene of the Continent.
Hab. Europe.
1 Ann. Sci. Géol. vol. v. art. 4, p. 1 (1874).
ADDENDUM. 263
30346 a. Seven upper true molars, one upper premolar, and two
lower true molars ; from the Headon beds (Upper Eocene)
of Hordwell, Hampshire. Some of these teeth, as well
as those of the succeeding specimens, are slightly larger
than any of those noticed by Filhol in the Ann. Sci. Géol.
vol, vill. art. 1, pp. 87-103.
Hastings Oollection. Purchased, 1855.
29741. Part of the right ramus of the mandible, containing the
canine and four cheek-teeth; from the Headon beds of
Hordwell. Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
30323. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, with the
three true molars; from the Headon beds of Hordwell.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
' $0856. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, with m. 2 and
m. 3; from the Headon beds of Hordwell.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
29864. Fragment of the right ramus of the mandible, with pm. 4
and m. 1; from the Headon beds of Hordwell.
Hastings Collection. Purchased, 1855.
Order RODENTIA.
Genus CASTOR (page 216).
Castor canadensis, Kuhl’.
Hab. North America.
M. 1958. Part of the left ramus of the mandible, with the first
three cheek-teeth ; from the Pleistocene of Owyhee, Rocky
Mountains. Presented by Sir R. Owen, K.C.B., 1884.
* Beitrage z. Zoologie, p. 64 (1820).
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
OF
GENERA AND SPECIES, INCLUDING SYNONYMS.
Adapis, 8, 262.
duvernoyi, 9.
magna, 262.
parisiensis, 9.
fElurogale, 65.
sivalensis, 66.
ZEluropsis, 66.
annectans, 66.
Agnotherium, 41.
antiquum, 42.
Agriotherium, 150.
sivalense, 150.
Alachtherium, 198.
cretsi, 198.
Amphiarctos, 150.
sivalensis, 150.
Amphictis, 102.
antiqua, 102.
leptorhyncha, 103.
Amphicyon, 136.
ambiguus, 141.
blainvillei, 139.
brevirostris, 147.
crassidens, 137.
dominans, 142.
elaverensis, 139.
giganteus, 136.
gracilis, 139.
larteti, 139.
laurillardi, 137.
lemanensis, 139.
leptorhynchus, 139.
major, 137.
minor, 137, 139, 145.
paleeindicus, 138.
Amphilagus, 255.
antiquus, 258.
Anzema, 257.
ceningensis, 257.
Aphelotherium, 8.
duvernoyi, 9.
Archzeomys, 242.
laurillardi, 242.
Arctocephalus, 196.
forsteri, 196.
Arctomys, 213.
marmotta, 214.
primigenius, 214.
superciliosus, 212.
Arctotherium, 157.
bonariense, 157.
latidens, 157.
Argillotherium, 40.
toliapicum, 41.
Arvicola, 230.
agrestis, 232.
ambiguus, 231.
amphibius, 230.
glareolus, 232.
gulielmi, 231.
pratensis, 232.
ratticeps, 232.
riparius, 232.
Brachycyon, 149.
gaudryi, 149.
Brachymys, 224.
ornatus, 224.
Cenomys, 225.
typus, 225.
Callophoca, 203.
obscura, 203. °
Canis, 123.
aureus, 129.
brevirostris, 147.
cancrivorus, 123, 134.
cautleyi, 128.
crocuta, 69.
curvipalatus, 135.
hyena, 88.
issiodorensis, 147.
juvillacus, 123.
lupus, 123.
neschersensis, 130.
palustris, 135.
speleus, 123.
vulpes, 130.
Carterodon, 244.
sulcidens, 245.
Castor, 214, 263.
canadensis, 263.
europzus, 214,
fiber, 214,
fossilis, 214.
moschatus, 16.
subpyrenaicus, 220.
trogontherium, 216.
Castoroides, 220.
ohioensis, 221.
Cavia, 251.
aperea, 251.
aperoides, 251.
porcellus, 251.
Cebus, 7.
apella, 7.
macrocephalus, 7.
macrognathus, 7.
Cephalogale, 147,
breyirostris, 147.
Cephalogale (conz.)
geoffroyi, 147.
minor, 147.
Cercolabes, 246.
fossilis, 246.
Chalicomys, 218.
eseril, 218.
jegeri, 220.
Coelogenys, 250.
aca, 250.
Cricetodon, 228.
eadurcensis, 228.
gergovianus, 229.
medius, 228.
minor, 228.
pygmeus, 228.
sansaniensis, 229.
Cricetus, 226.
musculus, 226.
Crocotta, 69.
maculata, 69.
spelza, 69.
Crocuta, 69.
maculata, 69.
Crossopus, 17.
fodiens, 17.
remifer, 17.
Ctenomys, 245.
leucodon, 246.
Cultridens, 41.
arvernensis, 42.
Cynelos, 136.
langensis, 139.
Cynocephalus, 4.
sp., 6.
subhimalayauus, 4.
Cynodictis, 107.
angustidens, 112.
antiqua, 108.
boriei, 115.
brachyrostris, 114.
compressidens, 112.
erassidens, 109.
eurvirostris, 114.
dubia, 116.
gryei, 110.
intermedia, 115.
lacustris, 108.
leptorhyncha, 117.
longirostris, 111.
mungoides, 108.
Cynogale, 120.
venatica, 120.
Danis, 166.
cinereus, 166.
Dasyprocta, 250.
Dinocyon, 150.
thenardi, 150.
Diobroticus, 216.
schmerlingi, 216.
INDEX.
Dolichotis, 254.
minor, 254.
Drepanodon, 41.
latidens, 43.
meganthereon, 42.
sivalensis, 44.
Dryopithecus, |.
fontani, 1.
Echincemys, 241.
breviceps, 241.
curvistriatus, 241.
sulcidens, 245.
Enhydriodon, 190.
ferox, 192.
sivalensis, 192.
Erethizon, 246.
dorsatus, 246.
Erinaceus, 17.
arvernensis, 17, 19.
soricinoides, 19.
EBuhyena, 69.
striata, 88.
Butemnodus, 21.
euryrhynchus, 21.
Felis, 00.
aphanista, 42.
brachygnatha, 58.
brevirostris, 62.
caffra, 62.
caligata, 62.
catus, 64.
cristata, 58.
cultridens, 42.
gigantea, 42.
grandicristata, 58.
issiodorensis, 63.
leo, 50.
leptorhyncha, 62.
maniculata, 62.
meganthereon, 42.
ogygia, 63.
onea, 60.
palzotigris, 58.
pardalis, 61.
pardina, 61.
pardus, 59.
prisea, 59.
smilodon, 47.
spelxa, 50.
Galecynus, 123.
ceningensis, 135.
Gryphoca, 204.
similis, 204.
Gulo, 186.
borealis, 187.
diaphorus, 145.
luseus, 187.
ho
(op)
Or
Gulo (cont.)
primigenius, 145.
spelzus, 187.
Hapalotis, 227.
albipes,: 227.
Herpestes, 104.
minimus, 104.
Hesperomys, 229.
angouya, 229.
Hyena, 69.
antiqua, 87.
antiquorum, 88.
capensis, 69.
colvini, 84.
crocuta, 69.
eximia, 87.
fasciata, 88.
felina, 80.
hipparionum, 87, 93.
intermedia, 88.
macrostoma, 91.
maculata, 69.
monspessulana, 88.
neogeea, 47.
orientalis, 88.
perrieri, 79.
prisca, 88.
sinensis, 80.
sivalensis, 88.
spelza, 69.
striata, 88.
veterum, 88.
virgata, 88.
vulgaris, 88.
Hyzenarctos, 150.
palzeindicus, 154.
punjabiensis, 153.
sivalensis, 150, 155.
Hyznodon, 21.
brachyrhynchus, 23.
exiguus, 28.
heberti, 21.
indicus, 31.
leptorhynchus, 26.
minor, 25.
requieni, 23.
vulpinus, 28.
Hydrocheerus, 254.
capybara, 254.
Hylobates, 2.
antiquus, 2.
Hyporyssus, 15.
telluris, 15.
Hystrix, 247.
major, 247.
refossa, 247.
sivalensis, 248.
Icticyon, 120.
yenaticus, 120.
T
266
Ictitherium, 93.
hipparionum, 93.
robustum, 94.
sivalense, 93.
viverrinum, 94.
Isoptychus, 237.
aquatilis, 237.
jourdani, 237.
Issiodoromys, 252.
minor, 253.
pseudanzema, 252.
Lagomys, 255.
eorsicanus, 256.
meyeri, 257.
ceningensis, 256.
picoides, 258.
pusillus, 255.
sansaniensis, 257.
sardus, 256.
spelzeus, 255.
trilobus, 258.
verus, 256.
visenoviensis, 258.
Lagostomus, 249.
trichodactylus, 249.
Lemmus, 232.
— medius, 232.
Lepthyzna, 93.
sivalensis, 93.
Lepus, 259.
braziliensis, 261.
cuniculus, 261.
europaeus, 259.
lacosti, 260.
pusillus, 255.
tapeti, 261.
timidus, 259.
Loncheres, 244.
elegans, 244.
Lupus, 123.
neschersensis, 130.
speleus, 123.
Lutra, 190.
antiqua, 191.
campani, 192.
clermontensis, 194.
dubia, 191.
minor, 195.
paleindica, 191.
sivalensis, 192.
valetoni, 194.
vulgaris, 191.
Lutrictis, 190.
valetoni, 194.
Lycaon, 121.
anglicus, 122.
Macacus, 4.
pliocenus, 4.
Machzerodus, 41.
cultridens, 42.
INDEX.
Machzrodus (cont.)
faleoneri, 44.
latidens, 43.
leoninus, 42,
meganthereon, 42.
neogeeus, 47.
paleindicus, 46.
sivalensis, 44.
Martes, 176.
sylvatica, 176.
Mastacomys, 227.
fuscus, 227.
Meganthereon, 41.
aphanistus, 42.
cultridens, 42.
falconeri, 44.
latidens, 43.
macrocelis, 42.
neogeeus, 47.
Meles, 189.
taxus, 189.
vulgaris, 189.
Mellivora, 188.
sivalensis, 188.
Mesopithecus, 7.
major, 7.
peutelici, 7.
Mesotaria, 201.
ambigua, 201.
Metarctos, 144.
diaphorus, 145.
Microcavia, 251.
Monatherium, 206.
aberratum, 207.
affine, 206.
delogni, 206.
Mus, 226.
agrestis, 232.
amphibius, 230.
antiquus, 225.
gergovianus, 229.
glareolus, 282.
gregarius, 252.
lineolatus, 227.
marmotta, 214.
paca, 250.
porcellus, 251.
Mustela, 176.
angustifrons, 180.
erminea, 180.
gulo, 187.
lutra, 191.
martes, 176.
mustelina, 181].
putorius, 179,
sectoria, 181.
waterhousei, 182,
Mycetes, 8.
ursinus, 8.
Mygale, 16.
muscovitica, 16.
Myogale, 16.
moschata, 16.
Myolagus, 255.
meyerl, 257,
sardus, 256.
Myoxus, 222.
cartel, 222.
melitensis, 222.
murinus, 224.
obtusangulus, 224.
primeevus, 224.
primigenius, 214,
sansaniensis, 224.
Myrmarctos, 173.
eversmanni, 173.
Necrolemur, 10.
antiquus, 10.
edwardsi, 10.
Neomys, 235.
lembronicus, 235.
Nesocerodon, 253.
minor, 253.
quercyi, 253.
Nesokia, 225.
hardwicki, 226.
Odobzenus, 197.
rosmarus, 197.
Otaria, 196.
forsteri, 196.
Oxyeena, 35.
gallix, 35.
Palzolemur, 8.
betillei, 9.
Palzoprionodon, 94.
lemandini, 94.
mutabilis, 94.
Palzosciurus, 209.
feignouxi, 209,
Palzospalax, 16.
magnus, 16.
Palanzma, 252.
antiqua, 252.
Palhyzena, 93.
hipparionum, 93.
Parasorex, 19.
socialis, 19.
Phoca, 205.
vitulinoides, 205.
Phocanella, 205,
minor, 205.
pumila, 204.
Phyllorhina, 12.
sp., 13.
Pithecus, 2.
antiquus, 2.
Platyphoca, 202.
nysti, 202.
vulgaris, 203.
ee a ee ee ee eee
oA
wil men
Plesiarctomys, 213.
gervaisi, 213.
Plesictis, 183.
croizeti, 184.
elegans, 184.
genetoides, 184.
gracilis, 184.
lemanensis, 185.
palustris, 184.
robusta, 184.
Plesiogale, 176.
angustifrons, 180.
mustelina, 181.
pomeli, 180.
Plesiosorex, 19.
soricinoides, 19.
talpoides, 19.
Pliopithecus, 2.
antiquus, 2.
platyodon, 2.
Potamotherium, 190.
valetoni, 194.
Prozlurus, 65.
lemanensis, 65.
Prophoca, 208.
proxima, 208.
rousseaui, 208.
Protechinomys, 240.
breviceps, 241.
gracilis, 241.
major, 240.
Pseudelurus, 64.
intermedius, 64.
Pseudocyon, 136, 144.
robustus, 145.
sansaniensis, 137.
Pseudosciurus, 211.
suevicus, 211.
Pterodon, 33.
brachyrhynchus, 23,
coquandi, 33.
cuvieril, 33.
dasyuroides, 33.
exiguus, 28. |
leptorhynchus, 26.
parisiensis, 39.
requieni, 23.
Putorius, 176.
vulgaris, 179:
Rhinolophus, 11.
antiquus, LI.
ferrum-equinum, 11.
Rhizomys, 233.
sivalensis, 233.
Sciuroides, 211.
intermedius, 212.
quercyi, 212.
Sciurus, 209.
arctomyuus, 213.
INDEX.
Sciurus (cont.)
bredai, 211.
chalaniati, 210.
feignouxi, 209.
vulgaris, 209.
Semnopithecus, 2.
monspessulanus, 3.
palzindicus, 2.
pentelici, 7.
subhimalayanus, 4.
Simocyon, 144.
diaphorus, 145.
primigenius, 145,
robustus, 145.
Sivalarctos, 150.
sivalensis, 150.
Smilodon, 41.
neogzeus, 48.
populator, 48.
Sorex, 16.
fodiens, 17.
remifer, 17.
Speothos, 120.
pacivorus, 120.
Spermophilus, 212.
erythrogenoides, 212.
speciosus, 209.
superciliosus, 212.
Stenecdon, 41.
cultridens, 42.
meganthereon, 42.
Steneofiber, 217.
castorinus, 218.
eseri, 218.
jeegeri, 220.
nouleti, 218.
viciacensis, 218.
Stenoplesictis, 96.
cayluxi, 96.
Stentor, 8.
ursinug, 8.
Stephanodon, 190.
minor, 195.
mombachiensis, 194.
Synetheres, 246.
fossilis, 246.
magnus, 246.
Talpa, 15.
magna, 16.
sansaniensis, 15.
telluris, 15.
Taxotherium, 21,
parisiense, 21.
Thallasictis, 93.
robusta, 94.
Theridomys, 235.
aquatilis, 237.
blainvillei, 241.
breviceps, 241.
cuvieri, 2.
267
| Lheridomys (cont.)
dubius, 255.
jourdani, 241.
lembronicus, 235.
platyceps, 243.
rotundidens, 237.
siderolithicus, 238.
vaillanti, 238.
| Titanomys, 255.
visenoviensis, 258.
Trechomys, 243.
insignis, 243.
intermedius, 244.
platyceps, 245.
Trichechodon, 197,
200.
huxleyi, 197.
konincki, 200.
Trichechus, 197.
huxleyi, 197.
rosmarus, 197.
Trogontherium, 216.
cuvieri, 216.
Uncia, 50.
cristata, 58.
grandicristata, 58.
Ursitaxus, 188.
sivalensis, 188.
Ursus, 159.
americanus, 176.
arctoideus, 159.
arctos, 173.
arvernensis, 175.
bonariensis, 157.
braziliensis, 157.
cadavarinus, 173.
cinereus, 166.
collaris, 175.
cultridens, 42.
drepanodon, 42.
eversmanni, 178.
faleularis, 173.
ferox, 166.
formicarius, 173.
fornicatus, 159.
fossilis, 166.
fuscus, 173.
horribilis, 166.
horridus, 166.
isabellinus, 173,
lasiotis, 173.
leuconyx, 173.
longirostris, 173.
luscus, 187.
meles, 189.
minimus, 175.
minutus, 175.
namadicus, 175.
niger, 173.
norveygicus, 173.
268
| Ursus (cont.) |
piscator, 173.
planifrons, 166.
planus, 159.
priscus, 166.
pruinosus, 173.
pyrenaicus, 173.
spelzus, 159.
sivalensis, 150.
richardsoni, 166.
INDEX.
Ursus (cont.)
syriacus, 173.
Vespertilio, 13.
ferrum-equinum, 11.
insignis, 14.
murinoides, 14.
Viverra, 98.
angustidens, 102.
bakeri, 99.
END OF PART I.
Wea
Viverra (cont.)
durandi, 99.
hastingsiz, 100.
leptorhyncha, 117.
minima, 104.
zibetha, 98.
Vulpes, 130.
major, 130.
minor, 130.
vulgaris, 130.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREXT.
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