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CATALOGUE  OF 

POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL 

SATIRES 


¥ 


*  Or  a  tut  it 


No.  9509 


CATALOGUE  OF 
POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL 

SATIRES 

PRESERVED  IN  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF 

PRINTS  AND  DRAWINGS  IN 

THE  BRITISH  MUSEUM 

VOL.  VII 
I 793- I 800 

By 
MARY  DOROTHY  GEORGE 

LiTT.D. 


PRINTED  BY  ORDER  OF  THE  TRUSTEES 

1942 


N 

5S 

I  810 

V  1 


PRINTED  IN  GREAT  BRITAIN 


CONTENTS 

PREFACE,  ending  with  Notes  on  Method,  and  Abbreviations            .  vii 

INTRODUCTION xi 

CORRIGENDA,  ETC.,  to  Vols.  IV,  V,  VI    .          .         .         .          .  xlix 

CATALOGUE 

(a)  From  1793  to  1800      .          .          .          .          .          .          .          .  i 

(b)  Addenda  from  c.  1780  to  c.  1800  ......  665 

INDEX  OF  PERSONS 677 

INDEX  OF  TITLES 696 

INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 721 

INDEX  OF  ARTISTS 733 

INDEX  OF  PRINTSELLERS  AND  PUBLISHERS  .         .         .738 


PREFACE 

THERE  is  tragic  coincidence  in  the  appearance  of  the  present  volume, 
deaUng  with  the  revolutionary  period  from  1793  to  1800,  at  a  time 
when  Europe  is  again  overshadowed  by  war,  and  divided  by  national, 
political,  and  moral  issues  which  often  reflect,  in  like  intensity,  the  conflicts 
and  controversies  of  the  earlier  period. 

The  pictorial  illustration  of  these  burning  issues  was  peculiarly  suited 
to  the  savage  genius  of  Gillray,  whose  prestige  was  at  its  height  in  England 
and  on  the  continent.  Rowlandson,  on  the  other  hand,  was  less  active 
during  these  years,  though  many  attractive  prints  were  published  after 
earlier  drawings,  or  as  re-issues  of  earlier  plates.  A  new  period  of  activity 
opened  for  him  in  1798,  when  scenes  of  army  life  were  a  fresh  inspiration. 
About  the  same  time  begins  the  series  of  whole-length  caricature  portraits, 
for  which  Robert  Dighton  is  chiefly  known,  after  his  short-li\ed  experi- 
ments in  political  caricature.  Unfortunately  the  Museum  collection  of 
these  portraits  is  far  from  complete.  Much  interesting  work  was  done  by 
lesser  artists,  under  the  influence  of  Rowlandson  and  Gillray,  Isaac  Cruik- 
shank  and  Woodward  being  especially  prolific. 

The  period  covered  is  one  year  less  than  that  of  Volume  VI,  and  the 
prints  described  are  more  than  proportionately  fewer.  The  reason  for  this 
is  the  very  great  number  of  political  satires  for  the  year  1784,  about  three 
times  the  average  of  other  years,  a  result  of  the  crisis  of  1783-4,  followed 
by  a  general  election,  when  many  prints  were  used  as  electioneering  litera- 
ture. Many  of  the  prints  of  the  present  volume  are  international  propa- 
ganda, some  commissioned  by  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety,  some 
fostered  by  a  Ministerial  pension  to  Gillray.  The  struggle  between  Pitt 
and  Fox,  the  leading  theme  of  Volume  VI,  continues,  deepened  by  issues 
of  war  and  peace. 

The  Department  is  particularly  indebted  to  Lord  Ilchester,  Mr.  Anthony 
de  Rothschild,  and  Mr.  Minto  Wilson,  who  have  lent  valuable  collections 
of  caricatures  for  purposes  of  collation.  The  Holland  House  collection  has 
the  exceptional  interest  of  MS.  notes  and  identifications  by  the  third  Lord 
Holland.  The  Museum  collection  has  been  enriched  by  gifts  from  Mr. 
Minto  Wilson  and  Mr.  Robert  Cust,  while  the  former  and  Mr.  Alfred 
Rubens  have  kindly  allowed  photographs  to  be  taken  of  rare  prints. 
Dr.  George  wishes  to  express  her  thanks  for  the  help  given  her  by  Mr.  E.  H. 
Blakeney,  Mr.  W.  B.  Crumpe,  Mr.  Randall  Davies,  Dr.  Gombrich,  Mr. 
Wickham  Legg,  Mr.  N.  D.  Riley,  and  Miss  Sybil  Rosenfeld.  She  is  also 
much  indebted  to  the  Librarian  of  the  House  of  Lords  for  giving  her 
facilities  for  examining  the  Gillray  collection  in  the  Library,  and  to  the 
staff  of  the  Library  in  which  she  and  her  material  are  temporarily  housed 
for  their  unwearied  assistance. 

The  final  revision  of  the  volume  has  been  rendered  more  difficult  by 
Dr.  George's  absence  from  the  British  Museum,  and  by  the  consequent 
lack  of  opportunity  of  reference  to  the  Museum  Library.  I  would  ask  for 
indulgence  in  case  her  habitual  accuracy  should  have  suff^ered  thereby  in 
any  detail. 

March,  1941  A.  M.  HIND. 


vu 


NOTES  ON  THE  METHOD  USED  IN  THE 
PRESENT  VOLUME 

THE  method  used  is  that  of  Volumes  V  and  VI,  namely  that  of  the 
earlier  volumes  with  certain  modifications.  The  prints  are  divided  into 
two  categories,  political  and  non-political ;  there  are  many  border-line  cases 
and  it  is  scarcely  possible  to  classify  these  with  rigid  consistency.  The 
political  prints  are  arranged  chronologically  according  to  the  date  of  pub- 
lication. Undated  prints  are  given  a  conjectural  date  enclosed  in  a  square 
bracket;  the  authentic  dates  of  a  few  prints  were  discovered  too  late  for 
rearrangement  in  proof,  but  are  given  in  foot-notes.  Non-political  prints 
are  arranged  in  years  but  grouped  according  to  series,  subject,  or  artist. 
The  titles  are  given  in  capitals,  the  inscriptions  on  the  plate  and  the  publica- 
tion line  in  italics.  Where  there  is  no  title  an  explanatory  caption  is  given, 
unless  the  original  title  has  been  discovered:  in  both  cases  the  heading  is 
enclosed  in  a  square  bracket,  in  the  latter  case  with  a  note  of  origin.  The 
dimensions  are  those  of  the  subject,  not  the  plate,  except  when  the  con- 
trary is  specified,  the  first  being  the  upright,  the  second  the  horizontal 
measurement  (reversing  the  order  in  Volumes  I-IV). 

As  in  Volumes  V  and  VI  'engraving'  is  used  to  include  line-engraving, 
etching,  and  stipple-engraving ;  the  great  majority  of  the  prints  are  in  fact 
etchings.  The  prints  are  numbered  in  continuation  of  the  numbers  in 
previous  volumes.  Copies  or  slightly  altered  states  have  the  number  of  the 
original  followed  by  the  letter  A  (or  A,  B,  &c.).  No  distinction  is  made 
between  different  states  unless  there  has  been  some  essential  alteration  in 
engraving  or  lettering.  The  addition  of  a  press-mark  preceded  by  the 
letters  B.M.L.  indicates  that  the  print  is  in  the  British  Museum  Library, 
not  in  the  Print  Room.  A  few  prints  in  other  public  collections  have  been 
described :  these  have  no  serial  number  but  are  indicated  by  a  page  refer- 
ence. As  in  Volumes  V  and  VI  the  titles  of  prints  described  by  Mr.  Stephens 
in  earlier  volumes  have  been  included  in  the  text  and  have  been  indexed ; 
these  are  very  few. 

The  small  subject-index  is  supplementary  to  the  index  of  persons  and 
to  the  cross-references  in  the  text.  It  is  intended  to  show  broadly  from 
year  to  year  what  were  the  main  preoccupations  of  the  caricaturist,  and 
also,  so  far  as  possible,  to  give  references  to  those  subjects  which  are  most 
sought  after  by  students.  Political  events  are  not  indexed  but  will  be  found 
under  the  appropriate  dates  and  from  the  cross-references  there  given; 
since  most  prints  are  either  political  or  personal  the  scope  of  a  useful 
subject-index  is  relatively  small. 

First  proofs  up  to  No.  9396  were  corrected  at  the  British  Museum;  after 
that  number,  plates  with  a  B.M.L.  press-mark  have  been  corrected  without 
reference  to  the  original. 


viu 


PUBLISHED  WORKS  AND  COLLECTIONS  REFERRED 
TO  IN  THE  CATALOGUE  BY  ABBREVIATIONS 


A.  de  R. 

Binyon 

Blum 
Broadley 

Bniel 

'Caricatures 

Challamel 
'Collection' 

Crowle 
Dayot,  Rev.  fr. 

De  Vinck 

Fuchs 

G.W.G. 

Gower 

Grand-Carteret 

Grand-Carteret, 

Napoleon 
Grego,  Gillray 

Grego,  Rozvlandson 

Hennin 


=  A  collection  of  caricatures  belonging  to  Mr. 
Anthony  de  Rothschild,  bound  in  twenty  folio 
volumes,  lettered  I-XVIII,  'Gillray',  and  'Bun- 
bury'.  Typescript  catalogue  in  the  Print  Room 
presented  by  Mr.  de  Rothschild. 
Catalogue  of  Drawings  by  British  Artists  and  Artists 
of  foreign  origin  working  in  Great  Britain,  preserved  in 
the  Department  of  Prints  and  Drawings  in  the  British 
Museum.   1 898-1 907. 

Andre  Blum,  La  Caricature  Revolutionnaire  {ijSg  a 
1795)-  Paris,  1 916. 

A.  M.  Broadley,  Napoleon  in  Caricature  1795-1821. 
With  an  introductory  essay  on  pictorial  satire  as  a 
factor  in  Napoleonic  history  by  J.  Holland  Rose. 
Two  vols.   1911  [1910]. 

Francois-Louis  Bruel,  Histoire  Adronautique  par  les 
Monuments  Feints,  Sculpte's,  Dessinds  et  Graves  des 
OriginesaiSjo.  Paris,  1909. 

A  collection  of  caricatures,  mounted  in  twelve  folio 
volumes,  transferred  from  the  B.M.L.  (press-mark 
Tab.  524).  See  Volume  V,  p.  viii. 
Augustin  Challamel,  Histoire-Musde  de  la  Republique 
franfaise.  Deux  tomes.  Paris,  1842. 
A  collection  of  Kay's  etchings  bound  in  two  volumes 
transferred  from  the  B.M.L.  (press-mark  1267. 
g.  1,2). 

■■  Thomas  Pennant,  SoTne  Account  of  London,  3rd  ed. 
1793,  grangerized  by  J.  C.  Crowle.  In  Print  Room. 
Armand  Dayot,  La  Revolution  franfaise,  Con- 
stituante  —  Legislative  —  Convention  —  Directoire, 
d'apres  les  peintures,  sculptures,  gravures,  me'dailles, 
objetsdu  temps.  Paris  1896. 

■  Bibliotheque  Nationale,  Inventaire  analytique  de  la 
Collection  de  Vinck.  Tomes  i,  ii  par  F.  L.  Bruel, 
Paris  1909,  1914;  Tome  iii  par  M.  Aubert  et  M. 
Roux,  1 92 1. 

=  Eduard  Fuchs  und  Hans  Kraemer,  Die  Karikatur  der 
europdischen  Volker  vom  Althertum  bis  zur  Neuzeit. 
Berlin,  1901. 

■■  Genuine  Works  of  Mr.  James  Gillray.  Published 
T.  M'Lean,  1830  (from  the  original  plates), 

=  Lord  Ronald  Gower,  Iconographie  de  la  Reine  Marie 
Antoinette...    Paris,  1883. 

:  John  Grand-Carteret,  Les  Mceurs  et  la  Caricature  en 
France.  Paris,  1888. 

•  Idem,  Napoleon  en  Images,  Estampes  anglaises.  Paris, 

=  James  Gillray  the  Caricaturist,  with  the  History  of  his 

Life  and  Times.  Ed.  T.  Wright,  1873. 
=  Joseph  Grego,  Rowlandson  the  Caricaturist.    Two 

vols.  1880. 
=  Inventaire  de  la  Collection  d'Estampes  relatives  a 

Vhistoire  de  France  legude  en  1863  a  la  Bibliotheque 


IX 


ABBREVIATIONS 


Jaime  = 

Kay  = 

'Kay's  Caricatures*  = 

L.  &  W.  = 

Maurice  and  Cooper  = 

MuUer  = 

Paston  = 

Reid  = 

Renouvier  = 

Rubens  = 

Van  Stolk  = 

Weber  = 

Wheeler  &  Broadley  = 

Wright  and  Evans  = 


Nationale  par  Michel  Hennin,  ridigd  par  Georges 
Duplessis.  Tomeiv.  Paris,  1882. 
Muse'e  de  la  Caricature,  ou  Recueil  des  Caricatures 
les  plus  remarquables,  publiees  en  France  depuis 
le  quatorzieme  sibcle  jusqu'h  nos  jours,  calqudes  et 
gravies  par  E.  Jaime.  Deux  tomes.  Paris,  1838. 
A  Series  of  Original  Portraits  and  Caricature  Etchings 
by  John  Kay  with  Biographical  Sketches  and  Illustra- 
tive Anecdotes.   Ed.  H.  Paton.   2  vols.   Edinburgh, 

1877. 

Collection  of  Kay's  etchings  in  book  so  lettered  in 

Print  Room. 

Laurie  &  Whittle's  Catalogue  of  New  and  Interesting 

Prints  .  . .    1795.  (Numbered  list  of 'Quarto  Drolls', 

PP-  95 -9-) 

Arthur  Bartlett  Maurice  and  Frederic  Taber  Cooper. 

The  History  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  in  Caricature, 

1904. 

F.  MuUer,  De  Nederlandsche  Geschiedenis  in  Platen. 
Amsterdam,  2<^edeel.    1876-77. 

'George  Paston',  pseudonym  for  Miss  E.  M. 
Symonds,  Social  Caricature  in  the  Eighteenth 
Century.  1905. 

George  William  Reid,  A  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the 
Works  of  George  Cruikshank  ...  1 87 1 . 
Histoire  de  I' Art  pendant  la  Evolution  considere 
principalement  dans  les  Estampes.  Ouvrage  posthume 
de  Jules  Renouvier  .  .  .  Paris,  1863. 
Alfred  Rubens,  Anglo-Jewish  Portraits.  A  Bio- 
graphical Catalogue  of  Engraved  Anglo-Jewish  and 
Colonial  Portraits  from  the  Earliest  Times  to  the 
Accession  of  Queen  Victoria.    1935. 

G.  van  Rijn,  Atlas  van  Stolk,  Katalogus  derHistorie- 
Spot-  en  Zinne-prenten  betrekkelijk  de  Geschiedenis 
van  Nederland,  verzameld  door  A.  van  Stolk,  Cz. 
vide,  viide  deel.  Amsterdam,   1902,   1906. 

A.  Weber,  Tableau  de  la  Caricature  mddicale  depuis  les 
originesjusqu'anosjours.  Paris,  1936. 
H.  F.  B.  Wheeler  and  A.  M.  Broadley,  Napoleon  and 
the  Invasion  of  England.    The  Story  of  the  Great 
Terror.  2  vols.  1908  [1907]. 

Thomas  Wright  and  R.  H.  Evans,  Historical  and 
Descriptive  Account  of  the  Caricatures  of  James 
Gillray,  1851.  A  key  to  the  edition  of  Gillray's 
plates  published  by  Bohn  in  185 1. 


FURTHER  ABBREVIATIONS  USED  IN  THE  DESCRIPTIONS 


B.M.L. 

H.L. 

T.Q.L. 

W.L. 

1. 

=  British  Museum  Library. 

=  Half  length. 

=  Three-quarter  length. 

=  Whole  length. 

=  left. 

r. 
pl. 

=  right. 
=  plate. 

INTRODUCTION 

THE  period  covered  by  the  seventh  volume  of  the  Catalogue  is  that  of 
Pitt's  first  war  ministry.  It  opens  on  the  verge  of  war  with  the  French 
Republic,  and  closes  with  the  end  of  the  century  on  the  eve  of  Pitt's 
resignation,  when  a  new  Ministry  was  to  enter  on  peace  negotiations  with 
the  First  Consul.  Such  a  volume  can  hardly  be  published  in  war-time 
without  allusion  to  the  historical  parallels  and  contrasts  that  obtrude  them- 
selves. The  underlying  parallel  is  that  of  a  revolutionary  war  in  which 
England  was  fighting  for  her  faiths  as  well  as  for  survival  against  crusaders 
of  international  revolution  who  were  heirs  to  the  plans  of  conquest  of 
Louis  XIV — plans  that  expanded  into  dreams  of  world  hegemony.  Con- 
trasts are  chiefly  to  be  found  in  the  activities  of  a  small  but  socially  im- 
portant Opposition  strongly  hostile  to  the  war,  and  refusing  to  recognize 
the  aggressive  character  of  the  Republic,  and  a  small  body  of  revolutionaries 
prepared  to  welcome  a  French  invasion.  Burdett  even  claimed  (May  1797) 
that  the  war  was  'nothing  but  a  second  edition  of  the  American  war  .  .  . 
another  bold  and  daring,  but  unsuccessful,  attempt  to  stifle  the  flame  of 
liberty'.'  Indeed,  the  war  scarcely  became  truly  national  till  the  invasion 
threat  of  1803;  the  contrast  between  the  invasion  prints  of  1796-8  and 
1803-5  is  significant.  In  these  satires  the  Opposition  are  almost  always 
Jacobins — they  wear  the  tricolour  if  not  the  bonnet-rouge.  The  attack  is 
directed  as  much  against  'French  principles'  in  England  as  against  the 
French,  and  the  motto  of  the  caricaturists  might  be  a  phrase  of  the  Anti- 
Jacobin  (14  May  1798):  'the  Principles  by  which,  much  more  than  by  the 
Arms  of  our  enemy,  the  safety  of  the  British  Empire  is  endangered'.  When 
Gillray  writes  of  'skirmishing  against  the  common  enemy'^  he  may  mean 
the  French  or  the  Foxites,  but  his  prints  are  a  passionate  plea  for  unity  in 
the  face  of  danger.  The  exaggeration  of  caricature  illustrates  the  factious 
bitterness  which  deprived  the  Government  of  constructive  criticism  from 
both  sides  of  the  House.  Wilberforce  wrote  in  December  1797:  'It  has 
long  been  my  opinion  that  next  to  the  violence  of  Opposition,  this  country 
has  most  to  dread  from  the  unbounded  acquiescence  of  those  who  support 
Administration. '3  In  such  a  war  the  movements  of  opinion  were  all- 
important,  and  in  the  classic  age  of  caricature  they  are  nowhere  so  com- 
prehensively displayed  as  in  the  principal  graphic  satires  of  the  period. 
More  than  any  other  collection  of  historical  material,  the  prints  reflect  the 
reactions  of  the  public  to  the  varying  fortunes  of  the  war.  The  political  and 
social  prints,  taken  together,  give  a  wonderful  picture  of  England  in 
war-time. 

The  first  questions  to  suggest  themselves  are  connected  with  propaganda. 
The  Ministry  had  its  subsidized  newspapers,  less  eflPective  by  that  noto- 
rious fact  than  the  Opposition  Press.  Did  they  also  subsidize  caricature  ? 
Were  satires  produced  in  England  to  be  used  as  British  propaganda 
abroad  ?  The  answer  is  Yes ;  but  only  as  exceptions  in  the  great  mass  of 
freely-produced  prints.  Clearly,  English  caricaturists  were  in  no  way 
controlled  by  the  Government ;  every  shade  of  opinion  is  represented,  at 

'  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  682.  On  12  Apr.  1802  he  called  the  war  'the  old  struggle  [by 
the  French]  for  rights  and  liberties  against  arbitrary  power  .  .  .  the  struggle  in  which 
the  first  Christians  were  engaged'.  Ibid,  xxxvi,  500. 

*  See  below,  p.  xiv.  ^  Life  0/ Wilberforce,  11.24.5. 

xi 


INTRODUCTION 

times  there  is  a  strong  an ti- Ministerial  bias,  though  only  one  print  is  openly 
Foxite.  There  is  nothing  comparable  with  No.  8337,  a  print  paid  for  by 
the  French  Government  giving  a  completely  false  view  of  the  military 
situation  in  order  to  calm  the  public.  Nor  did  the  Ministry  issue  instruc- 
tions for  caricaturists  after  the  manner  of  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety' 
and  Napoleon.  In  England  the  production  of  patriotic  prints  was  some- 
times stimulated  by  societies  or  individuals,  the  chief  society  being  the 
Association  for  preserving  Liberty  and  Property,  known  as  the  Crown  and 
Anchor  Society,  because  its  head-quarters  were  in  that  famous  tavern.  A 
few  prints  in  1793  were  financed,  circulated,  or  advertised  by  the  Associa- 
tion, and  in  1794  A  Picture  of  Great  Britain  in  the  Year  lygj  was  dedicated 
to  it.  Other  plates  may  have  been  similarly  patronized  or  commissioned,^ 
but  patriotic  prints  of  this  type  were  not  numerous,  and  they  certainly 
correspond  to  the  great  mass  of  opinion  in  the  country.  Prints  were  sold 
cheaply  in  large  quantities  to  those  who  would  give  them  away;  Village 
Politics,  and  other  tracts  by  Hannah  More,  were  distributed  in  the  same 
manner.  The  full  spate  of  patriotic  broadsides  was  in  1803,  when  the 
Association  was  again  active.  There  were,  of  course,  patriotic  prints  that 
do  not  come  within  the  category  of  satires,  and  no  doubt  many  have  dis- 
appeared. It  would  be  interesting  to  see  the  'large,  coarse  sixpenny  repre- 
sentation of  Howe's  victory  over  the  French',  a  print  about  four  feet  by 
two,  which  Cobbett  sold  in  Philadelphia  to  two  English  labourers  at  the 
seemingly  exorbitant  price  of  two  dollars :  the  men  had  got  an  advance  of 
pay  for  their  purpose,  which  was  to  display  it  to  a  hostile  mob,  who  could 
not  forbear  'giving  signs  of  admiration'.  This  was  'one  of  the  things  which 
are  hawked  about  and  sold  at  the  farmhouses  in  England'. ^ 

One  piece  of  pictorial  propaganda  produced  for  use  abroad  was  the  set 
of  twenty  etchings  by  Gillray  from  drawings  by  David  Hess,  a  Swiss  who 
had  served  in  the  Dutch  Army,  published  as  Hollandia  Regenerata  in  1796. 
They  were  intended  to  incite  the  Dutch  to  resist  the  French,  and  may  have 
been  primarily  an  Orangist  enterprise.  Sir  John  Dalrymple  wrote  in  1798: 
'During  the  present  revolutions  in  Holland,  a  series  of  engravings  was 
published,  which  contained  a  succession  of  events,  and  consequences  from 
them,  forming  a  kind  of  history,  whereby  men  were  taught  their  duty  in 
public  life  by  their  fears  and  their  dangers.  Twelve  thousand  copies  were 
circulated  in  that  country  at  a  trifling  expense.  The  antidote,  however, 
came  too  iate  for  the  poison.'  This  hopelessly  belated  publication  was 
presumably  financed  by  the  British  Government ;  it  would  be  interesting  to 
know  how  it  was  circulated  in  Holland,  and  why  so  expensive  a  form  was 
chosen:  the  prints,  unsubsidized,  could  hardly  have  been  sold  for  less  than 
a  shilling  each,  and  there  is  a  good  deal  of  well-produced  printed  matter. 

Under  the  threat  of  invasion,  Dalrymple  set  on  foot  a  similar  enterprise 
for  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  He  induced  Gillray  to  undertake  the  etching 
and  publication  of  twenty  plates,  larger  and  more  elaborate  than  those  of 
Hollandia  Regenerata,  under  the  title  Consequences  of  a  Successful  French 
Invasion.  These  were  to  be  issued  cheaply,  to  ensure  a  wide  circulation. 
Dalrymple  guaranteed  the  cost,  apparently  counting  on  Treasury  support, 
but  this  was  refused,  and  the  loss  seems  to  have  fallen  on  Gillray.  The 
designs  were  to  be  from  descriptions  written  by  Dalrymple,  etched  below 

'  Blum,  p.  195. 

*  No.  869s  may  well  have  been  so  commissioned ;  it  is  quite  unlike  the  spirit  and 
manner  of  other  plates  by  Newton. 

^  Political  Register,  viii.  518-19  (5  Oct.  1805). 

xii 


INTRODUCTION 

the  plates,  and  also  published  by  him  as  a  pamphlet.  The  pamphlet 
appeared,  but  only  four  plates  were  produced :  Gillray  and  Dalrymple  fell 
out.  The  latter  undertook  not  to  interfere  with  the  designs,  but  stipulated 
that  the  artist  should  not  'introduce  a  single  caricature  or  indulge  a  single 
sally  that  could  give  pain  to  a  single  British  subject*.  Gillray  found  the 
conditions  irksome,  the  price  inadequate;  he  wrote  to  Dalrymple:  'the 
loss  .  .  .  upon  the  four  already  done  joined  to  the  trouble  &  repeated  dis- 
appointment he  has  had  in  the  business,  obliges  him  positively  to  decline 
having  any  thing  more  to  do  with  the  business.'^  He  sold  the  plates  to 
Miss  Humphrey  and  the  price  was  raised  (Nos.  9180-3). 

The  most  important,  and,  so  far  as  appears,  the  only  direct  intervention 
of  the  Government  in  the  financing  of  caricatures  for  circulation  in  England 
was  a  pension  to  Gillray.  Until  the  publication  of  Bagot's  Canning  and  his 
Friends  in  1909  this  rested  on  the  inconclusive  evidence  of  Landseer  in 
183 1.  According  to  John  Landseer,  Gillray  had  told  him  that  he  was 
threatened  with  excommunication  in  the  Ecclesiastical  Court  for  the  title 
of  No.  8779,  The  Presentation — or — the  Wise  Men's  Offering;  the  heavy 
expenses  would  have  ruined  him,  he  therefore  accepted  a  pension  and  the 
stay  of  proceedings.^  This  explanation  may  have  been  one  of  Gillray's 
characteristic  fabrications,  but  the  fact  of  the  pension  is  certain:  in  October 
1800  he  was  threatened  with  its  withdrawal  if  he  persisted  in  doing  plates 
for  an  illustrated  edition  of  the  Anti-Jacobin  set  on  foot  by  Wright  the 
publisher,  and  heavily  subscribed.^  It  is  fairly  certain  that  the  pension 
was  kept  a  secret:  Cobbett,  violently  attacked  by  Gillray  in  1809,  would 
certainly  have  counter-attacked  in  the  Political  Register  if  he  had  suspected 
the  truth.  The  date  can  be  fixed  with  some  certainty  as  not  earlier  than  the 
summer  of  1797,  and  probably  in  the  December  of  that  year.  No  pensioner 
could  have  produced  Midas  transmuting  all  into  Gold  (No.  8995),  and  it  is 
scarcely  conceivable  that  he  could  have  ventured  on  Political  Ravishment 
(No.  9016,  22  May),  where  Pitt  rapes  the  Old  Lady  of  Threadneedle  Street. 
After  this,  attacks  on  the  Ministry  cease,  to  be  renewed  against  Addington, 
when  presumably  the  pension  had  lapsed  with  the  change  of  Ministry. 
There  is  nothing  in  the  transaction  to  imply  venality.  As  a  pensioner 
Gillray  attacked  the  Opposition,  the  British  Jacobins,  and  the  French  as  he 
had  consistently  attacked  them  in  his  unpensioned  days.  He  also  produced 
prints  highly  favourable  to  Pitt,  but  no  more  so  than  some  earlier  plates, 
for  instance  Britannia  between  Scylla  and  Chary bdis  (No.  8320),  a  theme 
anticipating  Canning's  The  Pilot  that  weathered  the  Storm.  Moreover, 
Gillray's  shift  of  emphasis — for  it  was  little  more — coincided  with  events 
that  caused  a  change  of  heart  in  Coleridge,  Southey,  and  Wordsworth.  The 
shift  was  noticed,  but  not  always  correctly:  the  annotator  of  Gillray's 
prints  in  London  und  Paris  writes  in  1798:  'He  lashes  both  political  parties 
without  mercy.  At  first  he  worked  only  against  the  Ministry*,  and  quotes 
Gillray  as  saying  'but  now  the  Opposition  are  poor,  they  do  not  buy  my 

'  Add.  MSS.  27337,  ff.  17-28;  Dalrymple,  Consequences  of  the  French  Invasion, 
pp.  iv-v. 

*  Athenaeum,  15  Oct.  1831. 

'  Add.  MSS.  27337.  Canning  wrote  (characteristically)  to  Sneyd:  '.  .  .  though 
I  should  not  approve  of  holding  out  the  loss  of  his  Pension  to  him  as  a  Threat ;  yet 
that  would  be  the  infallible  consequence  of  any  prosecution  commenced  against  the 
work  by  any  persons  who  may  feel  themselves  aggrieved  by  it.  And  I  have  good 
reason  to  believe  that  a  prosecution  is  intended.'  Gillray  was  paid  £150  for  the 
work  already  done,  and  presumably  destroyed.  Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends, 
i.  173.  177. 

xiii 


INTRODUCTION 

prints,  and  I  must  draw  on  the  purses  of  the  larger  parties'.^  The  pension 
may  have  followed,  though  not  directly,  Gillray's  introduction  to  Canning, 
which  Canning  arranged  through  Sneyd,^  stipulating  that  the  meeting 
should  be  'without  its  appearing  to  be  at  my  instance  or  with  my  formal 
assent', 3  He  was  anxious  to  ensure  that  his  appearance  in  Gillray's  prints 
should  be  not  unfavourable.  A  letter  from  Sneyd  to  Gillray  on  7  December 
seems  to  point  to  the  pension.  *It  would  be  difficult  for  me  to  express  the 
pleasure  I  received  from  hearing  that  what  I  had  so  long  wished,  has  taken 
place,  and  I  congratulate  you  sincerely  upon  an  event  which  (agreeable  as 
it  is)  is  solely  owing  to  your  own  merits  ...  In  "skirmishing  against  the 
common  enemy"  (as  you  so  well  express  it)  I  should  be  very  happy  to  lend 
you  whatever  assistance  I  am  able — but  here  again  my  feebleness  to  assist 
will  appear  if  possible  more  strongly  than  in  the  other  instance.'  He  is 
evidently  referring  to  the  sketches  he  sometimes  provided.'*  In  the  follow- 
ing April  Gillray  sent  Canning  the  first  six  of  his  set  of  French  Habits  (see 
No.  9200).  It  is  clear  from  the  correspondence  over  the  Anti-Jacobin  that 
it  was  scarcely  possible  to  exercise  control  over  Gillray's  designs.  On 
3  Nov.  1798,  Lord  Bateman  wrote  to  Gillray:  'The  Opposition  are  as 
low  as  we  can  wish  them.  You  have  been  of  infinite  service  in  lowering 
them,  and  making  them  ridiculous. '^  Canning's  later  relations  with 
Gillray  will  be  discussed  in  Volume  VIII.  Sayers  had  been  rewarded  by 
Pitt  for  his  services  over  the  India  Bill  with  a  well-paid  office,  but  this  is 
supposed  to  have  reduced  his  output. 

The  copying  or  adaptation  of  prints  in  other  countries  is  also  connected 
with  war  propaganda.  Some  English  prints  were  well  suited  for  use  by  the 
French  and  four  have  been  traced  of  which  unacknowledged  copies  were 
made;  there  were  probably  others.  An  ironical  design  by  Gillray  of  1789 
(No.  7546)  shows  France  liberated  and  England  enslaved.  Pitt  is  a  tyrant 
surrounded  by  engines  of  torture  and  death,  his  crime  being  that  he  had 
transferred  the  duty  on  tobacco  from  customs  to  excise.  There  are  two 
French  copies,  one  probably  made  in  1789,  the  other,  of  the  English  part 
only,  perhaps  after  the  outbreak  of  war ;  it  is  called  Constitution  d'Angleterre 
(No.  8364).  A  French  print,  not  in  the  British  Museum,  Guillot  effraye,  ou 
Pitt  aux  Expediens,  is  clearly  a  copy  of  No.  8434,  where  Pitt,  with  the  King 
and  Queen,  registers  terror  at  the  prospect  of  having  to  face  Parliament 
after  the  evacuation  of  Toulon.  There  are  two  French  copies  of  No.  8837, 
The  Budget,  or  John  Bull  frightened  out  of  his  wits.  Pitt  works  a  semaphore 
to  create  an  invasion  scare,  and  so  fill  the  pockets  of  his  friends,  while  the 
Opposition  are  anxious  for  the  invasion,  in  order  to  share  the  loot  with  the 
French.  This  becomes  Mr.  Pitt  fabriquant  de  nouvelles  telegraphiques.  A 
striking  caricature  by  Newton  of  George  III  and  Pitt  as  Head — and  Brains 
(No.  9012)  was  closely  copied  in  France  as  La  TSte  et  la  Cervelle.  Mr. 
Broadley,  not  having  seen  the  English  original,  reproduces  it  to  'give 
some  idea  of  the  pictorial  satire  directed  against  England  in  Paris  during 
the  first  years  of  the  nineteenth  century'.  It  is  indeed  in  the  spirit  of 
French  satire,  but  the  manner  is  English.  There  are  also  two  adaptations, 
one  Dutch  and  one  French,  that  are  merely  plagiaristic,  without  political 
significance.  No.  8314,  of  Dumouriez  and  a  Dutchman  glaring  angrily 
at  each  other,  is  adapted  from  Gillray's  Politeness,  No.  5612,  his  first  repre- 

'  Op.  cit.  i.  195-6  n. 

*  See  Index  of  Persons,  Index  of  Artists. 

3  Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends,  i.  58-9  (10  Jan.  1796), 

♦  Ibid.  i.  138-9.  »  Add.  MSS.  27337- 

ziv 


INTRODUCTION 

sentation  of  the  typical  John  Bull.  John  becomes  the  Dutchman,  the 
Frenchman  is  Dumouriez.  In  Le  neuf  Thermidor,  ou  la  Surprise  angloise, 
No.  8675,  the  fat  John  Bull,  interrupted  in  carving  his  roast  beef,  is  copied 
from  Gillray's  French  Liberty,  British  Slavery  (No.  8145). 

The  sympathetic  or  propagandist  copying  of  British  prints  abroad 
belongs  to  another  category.  A  French  copy  of  The  Contrast  (No.  8284)  is 
described  by  M.  Blum,  who,  surprisingly,  classes  it  with  'Caricatures 
contre  les  Anglais'.  It  can  only  have  been  emigre  or  British  propaganda. 
There  is  a  copy  of  the  English  original  in  Jaime,  which  gives  Leon  Gozlan 
(citing  Burke  on  Warren  Hastings)  an  opportunity  for  a  diatribe  against 
British  brutalities  from  the  days  of  Cromwell.  He  calls  it  'un  tableau  large, 
exact,  et  brutal  de  la  pensee  nationale  de  I'Angleterre  a  cette  epoque*. 
There  seems  to  have  been  a  Russian  copy  of  No.  9526,  The  Three  Orders 
of  St.  Petershurgh.  At  all  events.  Princess  Lieven  described  this  design  in 
1824,  saying  it  was  executed  in  St.  Petersburg  during  Paul's  reign.  In 
the  later  stages  of  the  war  anti- Napoleon  prints  became  a  powerful  weapon, 
and  an  irresistible  expression  of  popular  opinion,  appearing  when  and 
where  national  feeling  was  roused  against  France.  English  prints  were 
much  copied,  and  reciprocal  copying  in  different  countries  was  widespread 
and  complicated,  culminating  in  the  famous  Triumph  des  Jahres  1813  by 
Voltz,  copied  and  adapted  in  every  country  in  Europe,  As  early  as  1798, 
according  to  London  und  Paris,^  English  prints  were  being  copied  in 
Switzerland  with  altered  titles,  but  these  have  not  been  traced.  Swiss 
anti-Napoleon  caricatures,  like  those  in  England,  were  remarkable  for 
their  early  appearance  and  their  grasp  of  the  international  situation.  A 
close  relationship  between  English  and  Swiss  caricatures  is  suggested  by 
the  title,  form,  signature,  and  imprint  given  by  David  Hess  to  his  well- 
known  plate  The  Political  See-Saw — Die  Politische  Schauckel  (both  titles 
are  on  the  plate),  'Drawn  by  Gillray,  Junior.  London,  Cheapside  Misery 
Street.  February  1802'.^  There  is  little  ostensible  political  bias  in  London 
und  Paris,  the  remarkable  periodical  beginning  in  1798  and  published  first 
at  Weimar,  whose  object  was  to  give  a  picture  of  life  in  London  and  in 
Paris,  chiefly  through  the  medium  of  caricatures  and  other  prints,  with 
elaborate  explanations.  English  caricatures,  especially  those  of  Gillray, 
predominate.  The  Weimar  volumes  reflect  the  liberal  atmosphere  of  'the 
German  Athens'  under  Charles  Augustus.  The  reader  was  expected  to 
take  a  deep  interest  in  English  politics ;  the  prints  are  elucidated  in  detail, 
and  not  without  pedantry,  twenty  pages  or  more  being  sometimes  given 
to  one  plate.  The  copies  are  precise,  and  the  English  inscriptions  accurately 
transcribed.  The  striking  thing  is  that  the  plates  selected  for  copying  are 
mainly  those  relating,  not  to  international  affairs,  but  to  Pitt  and  Fox,  and 
to  Ireland,  with  several  on  Egypt  and  the  Battle  of  the  Nile.  There  is  one 
European  print  only.  No.  9544.  Non-political  plates  appear  occasionally, 
but  these  are  chiefly  French.  The  commentator,  though  not  infallible,  was 
extremely  well  informed  on  English  politics,  and  a  Pittite,  pro-British 
attitude  is  implied  rather  than  expressed ;  it  follows  naturally  on  the  choice 
of  prints,  and  a  great  admiration  for  Gillray,  at  a  time  when  he  was 
'skirmishing  against  the  common  enemy'.  The  enterprise  is  a  remarkable 
indication  of  the  prestige  and  importance  of  caricature.  Volumes  between 
1 80 1  and  1805  contain  many  anti- Napoleon  caricatures ;  after  that,  for  good 
reasons,  these  tend  to  disappear,  and  when  publication  was  transferred  to 

*  i.  388-9,  *  Reproduced,  Broadley,  ii.  215. 

XV 


INTRODUCTION 

Rudolstadt  from  Halle  the  prints  reflect  a  deferential  attitude  towards 
Napoleon. 

Propaganda,  in  the  form  of  subsidized  plates,  seems  to  have  been  used 
by  the  radical  clubs  or  booksellers.  The  efforts  of  the  'British  Jacobins' 
were  chiefly  directed  to  circulating  cheap  copies  of  Paine's  Rights  of  Man, 
Pait  II,  and  to  pamphlets  and  handbills,  but  prints,  seditious  and  even 
treasonous,  are  described  as  'dispersed'  or  'shewn  about'  (see  under  Nos. 
8365,  8664).  A  startlingly  outspoken  set  of  verses  threatening  the  King  and 
Pitt  with  execution  is  headed  with  an  engraving  in  which  pigs  (the  swinish 
multitude)  guillotine  a  crowned  ass  (George  III).  Even  more  surprisingly, 
this  was  openly  advertised,  though  not  on  the  print,  as  'printed  for  Citizen 
Lee,  at  the  British  Tree  of  Liberty  •  .  .',  and  sold  for  one  penny,  clearly 
under  cost  price,  for  it  is  very  superior  to  the  ordinary  penny  broadside. 

In  view  of  sporadic  attempts  to  curb  the  radical  press,  the  licence 
allowed  to  printsellers  and  caricaturists  is  interesting.  Purely  political 
proceedings  involving  graphic  satire  seem  to  be  limited  to  the  case  of 
Peltier,  prosecuted  at  the  instance  of  Napoleon.'  It  was  perhaps  this 
immunity  which  sometimes  led  controversialists  to  concentrate  their 
venom  in  a  frontispiece.  The  caricature  plate  to  My  Pocket  Book,  a 
damaging  attack  on  the  literary  abilities  (and  pocket)  of  Sir  John  Carr,  was 
the  subject  of  an  unsuccessful  libel  action  in  1808.'  The  Hibernian 
Magazine  published  plates  violently  attacking  the  Union  and  Cornwallis, 
but  no  such  attitude  is  expressed  in  the  text.  The  prosecution  of  the  print- 
seller  Baldrey  (also  an  artist)  is  worth  noting.  He  was  convicted  of  selling 
at  his  shop  in  Holborn  a  caricature  of  Zechariah  Button,  Esq.,  an  Essex 
magistrate,  'exhibiting  him  in  the  pillory,  the  holes  in  the  pillory  being 
called  button  holes  by  way  of  pun'.  For  this  intent  to  'libel  and  bring  into 
contempt'  Baldrey  was  fined  and  sentenced  to  three  months*  imprisonment 
in  the  King's  Bench. ^  Far  severer  attacks  on  Ministers  were  openly 
published :  they  are  depicted  hanging  from  gibbets  or  in  Hell.  Prosecu- 
tions for  obscene  books  and  pictures  did  occur,  but  there  is  no  indication 
that  such  cases  had  any  political  significance.  They  were  generally  under- 
taken by  the  Society  for  the  Suppression  of  Vice.^ 

The  True  Briton,  a  Ministerial  paper,  announced,  12  March  1796:  'We 
are  happy  to  find  that  our  strictures  on  the  scandalous  caricature-exhibi- 
tions .  .  .  have  had  the  desired  effect.  Humour  has  taken  the  place  of 
Licentiousness  and  the  works  of  Genius  are  substituted  for  the  Fruits  of 
Sedition.^  (Early  in  1796  there  was  some  reaction  from  the  bitter  satires  of 
1795.)  The  case  of  Fores  v.  Johnes  throws  light  on  the  position  of  the  print- 
seller  with  regard  to  prints  that  were  seditious  or  libellous.  Mr.  Johnes 
(see  No.  9454)  ordered  from  Fores  'all  the  caricature  prints  that  had  ever 
been  published'.  A  consignment  was  sent  to  Wales  in  June  1800,  but 
requests  for  payment  were  ignored.  In  September  Johnes  refused  to 
accept  the  prints  on  the  ground  that  'the  collection  contained  several  prints 
of  obscene  and  immoral  subjects,  exclusive  of  several  being  duplicates*. 
Fores  sued  to  recover  ^i^T'  10^.  The  counsel  employed  suggest  that  some- 
thing more  than  a  question  of  payment  was  involved,  namely,  the  immuni- 
ties of  the  caricaturist  and  printseller:  Erskine,  Park,  and  Dampier  for 
Fores,  the  Attorney-General  for  Johnes.   The  judgement  of  Mr.  Justice 

'  See  Volume  VIII.  For  the  proposed  libel  action  against  Gillray  and  others 
for  a  caricature  of  Sam  Ireland,  see  No.  9064. 

*  Lond.  Chron.,  18  June  1793. 

*  Ibid.,  21  Sept.,  18  Feb.  1792;  21  Sept.  1802;  23  Oct.  1802. 

xvi 


INTRODUCTION 

Lawrence  was :  'For  prints  whose  objects  are  general  satire  or  ridicule  of 
prevailing  fashions  or  manners,  I  think  the  Plaintiff  may  recover;  but  I 
cannot  permit  him  to  do  so  for  such  whose  tendency  is  immoral  or  obscene; 
nor  for  such  as  are  libels  on  individuals  and  for  which  the  Plaintiff  might 
have  been  criminally  answerable  for  libel.''  Might  have  been,  but 
apparently  never  was.  Peltier's  defence  of  his  vignette  of  Napoleon  is 
interesting:  'I  cannot  disallow  that  this  vignette  was  an  historical  caricature 
of  the  First  Magistrate  of  France,  but  I  thought,  and  still  think  it  as 
perfectly  innocent  as  those  which  I  have  constantly  seen  as  well  in  war  as 
in  peace,  ridiculing  not  only  Bony  in  afit .  .  .  but  even  the  best  of  Kings, 
the  first  magistrates  of  other  states,  and  the  most  respectable  persons  in 
this  country,  who  were  ever  the  first  to  laugh  at  these  grotesque  effusions 
of  the  Hogarths,  the  Bunburys,  and  the  Gillrays  of  the  day.'^ 

Under  the  stress  of  war  the  conception  of  John  Bull  develops.  He 
appears  far  more  frequently  than  in  earlier  volumes.^  He  is  almost  equally 
countryman  and  'cit',  occasionally  he  is  an  artisan.  Even  when  groaning 
under  taxes  he  is  generally  fat.  The  hideously  carbuncled  John  Bull,  who 
is  largely  due  to  Woodward,  has  not  yet  appeared,  though  he  is  sometimes 
gross  and  gluttonous.  This  grossness  should  not  be  regarded  with  a 
modern  eye:  it  probably  had  a  different  implication — *un  Anglais  dont 
I'embonpoint  annonce  une  existence  bien  nourrie'  (No.  8675),  in  contrast 
with  the  inhabitant  of  less  favoured  countries,  almost  invariably  lean. 
Twice  he  is  a  handsome  young  farmer  until  he  is  so  misguided  as  to  enlist 
(Nos.  8328,  8333).  As  a  countryman  he  is  generally  a  yokel  wearing  a 
smock  or  old-fashioned  coat  and  breeches,  with  wrinkled  gaiters  in  con- 
trast with  the  top-boots  of  a  later  period.  The  John  Bull  in  top-boots  had 
already  appeared,  see  Nos.  5611,  5612,'*  and  boots  are  worn  by  John  in 
No,  8487,  but  as  in  No.  8189  denote  the  Englishman  travelling  abroad. 
Twice,  however,  the  countryman  wears  boots  (Nos.  8842,  9366),  a  sign 
that  a  different  sort  of  farmer  has  arrived.  John  Bull  as  a  shock-headed 
yokel  is  the  creation  of  Gillray,  who  is  followed  by  Isaac  Cruikshank, 
Ansell,  Cawse,  Newton,  and  Woodward.  Rowlandson's  first  John  Bull  is 
in  No.  9264,  the  only  other  by  him  in  this  volume  is  the  sailor  in  No.  9413. 
John,  as  before,  is  predominantly  the  bearer  of  burdens,  and  these  become 
heavier  than  ever  as  subsidies  to  foreign  Powers  are  piled  upon  taxes.  But 
he  has  become  something  more,  he  is  a  humorous  and  critical  observer  of 
home  and  foreign  policy  and  is  proof  against  the  blandishments  of  Opposi- 
tion. In  No.  9231  Pitt  is  taken  to  task  for  his  duel:  *.  .  .  I  does  not  mind  a 
little  cash,  if  thee'd  but  behave.'  As  an  exasperated  citizen,  confronted 
with  the  Income  Tax,  he  is  approached  deferentially  by  Pitt  (No.  9520). 
In  No.  8817  he  works  actively  to  destroy  Ministerial  corruption.  In  No. 
9364  he  declares  his  views  on  foreign  policy,  and  calls  for  a  new  tune, 
'something  stilish  and  grand'.  Safe  on  the  cliffs  of  Dover,  he  laughs  at  the 
countries  that  are  deceived  and  plundered  by  France  (No.  9224).  John 
Bull,  while  commonly  the  typical  Englishman  outside  the  governing 
classes  who  grumbles  and  pays,  sometimes  stands  for  Great  Britain.  In 
this  capacity  he  forces  Holland  into  war  (No.  8299).  The  important  rebuff 
to  Bonaparte's  peace  move  is  styled  ^oA«  BulVs  Dispatches  (No.  9512).  In 
the  guise  of  a  noble  but  overburdened  bull  he  bears  the  whole  brunt  of  the 

'  LoTid.  Chron.,  17  Feb.  1802;  Espinasse,  Reports  at  Nisi  Prius,  iv.  97;  R.  Davies, 
Caricature  of  To-day,  1928,  p.  6. 
^  Peltier,  Trial,  1803,  pp.  286-7. 
'  See  Index  of  Selected  Subjects.  ♦  See  Vol.  V,  frontispiece. 

xvii  b 


INTRODUCTION 

allied  opposition  to  France,  crying:  'Now  my  brave  allies  let  us  all  stand 
firm  together  &  make  a  bold  push  and  I'll  be  answerable  for  the  event.' 
But  they  have  all  turned  their  backs  and  are  departing  on  their  private 
concerns,  notably  the  rape  of  Poland.  The  Emperor  says :  '.  .  .  as  for  John 
Bull  let  him  settle  the  business  as  he  can,  he  loves  to  be  meddling'  (No. 
8477).  After  the  Battle  of  the  Nile  he  is  the  civilian,  greedy  for  news  of 
victories,  but  still  grumbling  (No.  9257).  It  is  not  till  after  the  renewal  of 
the  war  in  1803  that  he  is  the  defender  of  Britain  and  the  sole  obstacle  to 
Boney's  'Stride  over  the  Globe',  in  a  manner  both  'grim  and  gay*.  This 
evolution  surely  reflects  the  subtle  process  of  democratization  that  was 
going  on  despite  appearances  of  political  reaction.' 

The  Frenchman,  Spaniard,  and  Dutchman  ('Nic  Frog'  in  No.  8299) 
remain  much  as  before.  The  theatrical  dress  of  the  Directory  (designed  by 
David)  was  an  opportunity  for  the  caricaturists.  The  Spaniard  (sometimes 
represented  by  Charles  IV)  still  wears  the  feathered  hat,  trunk  hose,  cloak, 
and  ruff  of  a  long-past  period.  The  Dutchman  is  still  the  fat  stolid  creature 
in  bulky  breeches  and  sleeved  waistcoat,  with  an  inevitable  pipe,  but  he  is 
sometimes  depicted  in  uncomfortable  and  inappropriate  French  clothes 
(No.  9420),  as  he  had  been  in  a  Dutch  print  of  1780  (No.  5717).  The 
Hollander  is  also  occasionally  a  Dutch  fishwife  or  a  frog.  The  Prussians 
and  Austrians  are  tall  lean  soldiers,  with  long  pigtails  and  enormous 
moustaches;  they  too  are  sometimes  represented  by  their  respective 
sovereigns. 

In  these  years  the  relations  between  graphic  and  literary  satire  are 
exceptionally  interesting,  since  Gillray  did  four  plates  illustrating  the  Anti- 
Jacobin.  The  first  was  at  the  request  of  Canning  and  Frere,  sent  through 
Sneyd,  the  usual  intermediary  between  Canning  and  Gillray.  The  'Needy 
Knifegrinder'  verses  were  sent  before  publication  (in  November  1797)  to 
Sneyd  with  a  request  that  he  would  supply  a  sketch  to  be  used  by  Gillray ; 
his  treatment  of  the  subject  much  displeased  Frere :  instead  of  placing  the 
scene  in  a  village  with  the  parish  stocks  in  the  background  he  transferred 
the  setting  to  South wark,  and  made  Tierney  the  'Friend  of  Humanity',  his 
first  appearance  in  caricature.  Tierney  filled  the  part  excellently  from  his 
notorious  parsimony,  and  the  fact  that  he  had  just  secured  his  return  for 
Southwark  by  charging  his  successful  opponent  with  infringing  the 
(universally  ignored)  Treating  Act,  forbidding  the  treating  of  electors  in 
alehouses,  &c.  The  writers  of  the  poem  thought  Gillray  had  'bedevilled 
it,  and  destroyed  all  the  simplicity  of  the  idea'.  In  fact,  a  politico-literary 
satire  was  given  a  personal  application  (No.  9045).  It  is  said  that  Canning 
satirized  Tierney  in  his  famous  verses,  but  the  correspondence  between 
Frere  and  Sneyd  strongly  suggests,  if  it  does  not  completely  prove,  that 

*  Cf.  Mackintosh  on  newspapers  in  his  defence  of  Peltier:  *.  .  .  it  is  very  certain 
that  the  multiplication  of  these  channels  of  popular  information  has  produced  a 
great  change  in  the  state  of  our  domestic  and  foreign  politics.  At  home,  it  has,  in 
truth,  produced  a  gradual  revolution  in  our  Government.  By  increasing  the 
number  of  those  who  exercise  some  sort  of  judgement  on  public  affairs,  it  has 
created  a  substantial  democracy  infinitely  more  important  than  those  democratical 
forms  which  have  been  the  subject  of  so  much  contest.'  Trial,  1803,  pp.  i6o-i. 
Cf.  *.  .  .  the  Press  is  a  power  seldom  much  inferior;  sometimes  superior  to  the 
Government'.  [1802-3.]  Cited,  History  of  The  Times,  i,  1935,  from  Pelham  Papers, 
Add.  MSS.  33124,  fF.  78-9.  Modem  historians  have  underrated  the  circulation  of 
newspapers,  by  forgetting  the  practice  of  letting  them  out  on  hire,  as  well  as  the 
numerous  readers  of  alehouse  copies.  Pitt  said  in  1790  that  the  hawker  commonly 
lent  a  newspaper  to  twenty  or  thurty  readers,  a  practice  he  tried  to  stop  for  fiscal 
reasons.  Pari.  Hist,  xxviii.  212. 

xviii 


INTRODUCTION 

the  introduction  of  Tierney  was  Gillray's  idea.  Canning  wrote  in  1800 
apropos  the  proposed  plates  to  the  Anti-Jacobin :  'he  [Gillray]  should  know 
that  it  is  not  a  mere  matter  of  taste  that  any  correction  is  intended — but 
that  personal  caricature  is  that  which  must  not  be  admitted  and  will  not 
be  borne.'  Doubt  as  to  the  possibility  of  restraining  Gillray  may  well  have 
induced  the  suppression  of  the  proposed  edition,  for  which  Gillray  was  to 
have  done  100  plates,  after  it  had  been  heavily  subscribed.'  Gillray  also 
illustrated  Ellis's  Ode  to  Lord  Moira  (No.  9184).  This,  too,  is  based  on  a 
sketch  by  an  amateur,  perhaps  Sneyd,  much  altered  by  Gillray,  who  has 
added  figures.  Gillray  also  did  a  caricature  of  Moira,  based  on  a  sketch 
from  life,  now  in  the  Print  Room,  with  an  inscription  adapted  from  the 
same  Ode.  The  Anti-Jacobin  came  to  an  end  in  July  1798,  and  was  imme- 
diately followed  by  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review  and  Magazine,  a  monthly  with 
no  connexion  with  its  predecessor  and  none  of  its  wit.  The  early  volumes 
had  some  remarkable  folding  plates,  six  by  Gillray  and  three  by  Rowland- 
son.  The  most  remarkable  was  Gillray's  wonderful  illustration  to  Canning's 
New  Morality  (No.  9240),  with  which  the  Anti-Jacobin  had  closed  its 
career.  It  goes  far  beyond  its  text  by  introducing  Erasmus  Darwin  and 
Moira  from  other  poems  in  the  Anti-Jacobin,  by  burlesquing  the  ritual  of 
Theophilanthropie,  and  by  including  allusions  to  a  mass  of  literature, 
modernist  or  controversial,  that  had  displeased  the  new  magazine.  And 
where  Canning  discreetly  left  blanks  for  some  names,  and  covered  others 
with  the  phrase  'And  every  other  beast  after  its  kind',  Gillray  supplied 
caricatures  of  fifteen  Foxites  and  Jacobins  'sporting  in  the  yeasty  main*. 
Political  and  literary  allusions  are  lavishly  thrown  into  the  fantastic  design 
to  which  all  the  complicated  and  witty  detail  is  subordinated.  To  the 
student  of  the  polemical  literature  of  the  day  it  is  of  great  interest. 

The  only  new  form  of  caricature  in  this  volume  is  connected  with  the 
arrangement  of  prints  on  folding  screens.  Woodward  designed  long 
narrow  strips,  about  four  inches  wide,  to  form  a  border  for  'walls  or  screens*. 
Three  strips  about  eighteen  inches  long  were  placed  side  by  side  on  sheets 
intended  to  be  cut  up  and  arranged  as  a  continuous  border.  Some  were 
etched  by  Rowlandson,  and  according  to  Grego  twenty-four  sheets  were 
published.  It  is  impossible  to  say  whether  the  examples  in  the  Print  Room 
all  belong  to  the  twenty-four;  they  were  published  from  1799  to  1801,  and 
some  of  the  later  sheets  may  be  reissues.  They  are  covered  with  figures  and 
groups  burlesquing  the  manners  of  the  day.  Some  of  the  figures  are 
realistic,  but  most  are  dwarfs  with  large  heads,  a  form  of  caricature  that 
was  widely  popular  in  Holland  and  Germany  in  the  early  eighteenth 
century  and  derived  from  //  Calotto  Resuscitato  oder  Neueingerichtes 
Zwerchen  Cabinet,  by  L.  van  Saffe,  published  in  Amsterdam  in  1716.^  An 
English  imitation  is  a  set  of  twelve  plates  published  by  John  Bowles  about 
1730:  The  Twelve  Months  represented  by  Lilliputian  Figures  (in  the  Print 
Room).  This  may  have  been  Woodward's  inspiration :  some  of  his  groups 
are  scenes  in  Lilliput.  The  large  heads  were  less  skilfully  used  by  him 
in  1 79 1  in  the  six  caricatures  with  the  title  The  Lilliputian  World  (No. 
7874,  &c.).  The  tiny  scenes,  if  enlarged,  would  hold  their  own  with 
caricatures  of  normal  size,  but  their  charm  depends  on  the  scale,  and  on  the 

*  Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends,  i.  136-9,  143-4,  i7o~4;  Add.  MSS.  27337. 

*  It  has  57  plates.  A  German  version  with  50  plates,  published  at  Augsburg,  is 
reproduced  by  W.  Fraenger,  Zurich,  1922,  who  attributes  the  plates  to  Elias  Baeck. 
Similar  large-headed  figures  appear  in  Dutch  plates  of  the  financial  crisis  of  John 
Law  (1720).  Cf.  the  caricature  drawing  by  Carracci  (1560-1609)  reproduced, 
Gombrichand  Kris,  Caricature,  1940,  p.  11. 

xix 


INTRODUCTION 

combination  of  realism  and  grotesque.  Some  of  them  are  good  social 
comedy,  and  embody  early  forms  of  jokes  that  have  become  well  known 
(No.  9636).  The  arrangement  seems  to  have  developed  out  of  the  sets  of 
plates  after  Woodward  in  which  small  groups  or  figures  arranged  in  two 
rows  illustrate  a  single  theme,  social  or  political  (No.  8541,  &c.).  These 
again  are  a  development  from  the  strip  design  introduced  by  Bunbury .  The 
large  folding  screen  with  several  leaves  was  a  favourite  way  of  displaying 
prints  that  lingered  on  into  the  Victorian  nursery.  Byron's  screen'  with 
pugilists  on  one  side  (including  a  caricature  by  Rowlandson  of  18 10)  and 
actors  and  actresses  on  the  other,  is  a  famous  example.  The  demands  of 
the  screen  may  have  determined  the  form  of  a  set  of  decorative  and 
emblematic  heads  by  Rowlandson  (No.  9616,  &c.). 

Political  Satires. 

The  political  prints,  more  than  those  of  earlier  periods,  have  a  unity 
imposed  on  them  by  the  war.  Directly  or  indirectly,  the  satires  relate  to 
the  contest  between  Pitt  and  Fox,  Ministry  and  Opposition,  Anti-Jacobin 
and  Jacobin,  England  and  France;  between  those  who  thought  the  war 
'just  and  necessary'  (No.  8599,  &c.)  and  those  who  used  the  phrase  to 
pillory  the  Ministry  as  war-mongers.  In  the  prints,  'Democrat'  is  used  as 
a  term  of  abuse  and  connotes  a  revolutionary  republican  roughly  identical 
with  Jacobin.  Politically  it  stands  for  Home  Tooke  (and  afterwards 
Burdett),  with  the  members  of  the  radical  clubs.  The  year  1793  (90^ 
prints)  opens  with  war  virtually  certain,  and  England  united  to  a  remarkable 
degree.  Nevertheless,  the  attitude  of  the  British  Jacobins  caused  great 
uneasiness ;  their  addresses  to  the  Convention  in  October  and  November 
had  been  circulated  through  France  and  had  created  the  impression  that 
the  British  people  would  support  France  in  any  efforts  made  to  revolu- 
tionize other  countries.  The  prevailing  theme  is  England  happy  and  free, 
with  a  blessed  constitution,  contrasted  with  blood-stained  France  (No. 
8284,  &c.).  Some  of  these  prints  were  due  to  the  Crown  and  Anchor 
Society,^  but  they  reflect  the  popular  mood.  'The  Constitution',  wrote 
Lord  Sheffield,  'most  fortunately  is  become  the  word,  and  it  is  as  much  a 
favourite  as  Liberty,  Property,  and  No  Excise,  or  any  other  word  ever  was.* 
Eight  prints  in  the  year  glorify  the  Constitution  at  the  expense  of  those  who 
wish  for  Reform  on  French  principles.  A  good  example  is  Gillray's 
Britannia  in  French  Stays,  or,  Re-form  at  the  expense  of  Constitution  (No. 
8287),  where  Tom  Paine,  the  republican  stay-maker,  laces  Britannia  into 
an  excruciatingly  tight  pair  of  French  stays.  Sans-culottes,  feeding  Europe 
with  the  Bread  of  L^erty  (No.  8290),  also  by  Gillray,  illustrates  the  famous 
decree  of  the  Convention  of  15  December:  while  the  French  deal  with 
Holland,  GeiTnany,  and  Italy,  Sheridan  and  Fox  are  forcibly  feeding  John 
Bull.  At  this  time,  according  to  Lord  Malmesbury,  Fox  'privately  ex- 
pressed horror  at  the  decree  of  December  15,  and  thought  war  was  certain'. '^ 
Nevertheless,  his  opposition  to  the  war  was  uncompromising,  and  on 
I  February  (the  day  that  France  declared  war  on  England  and  Holland) 
he  maintained  in  Parliament  that  England  was  forcing  the  Dutch  into  a 
war  they  wished  to  avoid.   This  is  the  subject  of  No.  8299,  John  Bull  in  a 

*  The  pugilistic  side  is  reproduced  in  detail  in  The  Prize  Ring,  by  Bohun  Lynch, 

*  The  exact  number  in  each  year  is  of  little  significance,  in  view  or  gaps  in  the 
collection,  a  few  prints  of  doubtful  date,  and  some  foreign  prints. 

5  See  above,  p.  xii.  ■♦  Auckland  Corr.  ii.  498. 

XX 


INTRODUCTION 

rage  ^forcing  Nic  Frog  to  fight  against  his  will.  The  Dutch,  torn  by  faction, 
and  with  a  body  of  anti-Orange  'Patriots'  in  France,  and  many  others  in  the 
country,  were  indeed  unwiUing  to  fight,  but  the  Government,  with 
invasion  pending,  had  called  on  the  British  to  fulfil  the  terms  of  the  treaty 
of  1778.  The  French  invasion  was  postponed  by  British  help,  and  by  the 
withdrawal  of  Dumouriez,  who  is  the  subject  of  several  prints  (see  No. 
8313)  including  one  by  Gillray  on  the  imagined  consequences  of  his 
invasion  of  England  (No.  8318).  Fox's  popularity  sank  to  at  least  the  level 
of  the  India  Bill  days,  and  prints  depicting  him  as  a  blood-stained  Jacobin 
are  more  savage  than  those  of  1783-4,  when  he  was  condemned  as  Carlo 
Khan,  an  Indian  dictator,  and  a  would-be  Cromwell.  His  isolation  with  a 
few  followers  when  the  majority  of  the  Whigs  decided  to  support  the 
Government  is  reflected  in  No.  8286.  The  Whig  Club,  formed  in  1782  to 
commemorate  Fox's  return  for  Westminster,  was  pre-eminently  a  Foxite 
body,  and  became  so  more  than  ever  when  a  large  body  of  Whigs  left  it,  as  a 
protest  against  its  support  of  'Mr.  Fox's  political  conduct  and  sentiments 
.  .  .'  (No.  8315).  'Opposition',  wrote  Storer,  'is  splintered  into  a  thousand 
pieces.'  The  death  of  Louis  XVI  is  the  subject  of  many  prints.  In 
Gillray's  terrible  satire  The  Blood  of  the  Murdered  crying  for  Vengeance, 
symbolizing  the  horror  of  the  guillotine,  the  spirit  of  the  French  king 
appeals  to  'Britons!  Vice-gerents  of  eternal  Justice!  Arbiters  of  the  World!' 
to  'Revenge  the  Blood  of  a  Monarch  . . .  and  rescue  the  Kingdom  of  France 
from  being  the  Prey  of  Violence,  Usurpation  and  Tyranny'.  The  almost 
complete  unanimity  of  the  early  prints  of  the  year  was  soon  broken.  First, 
by  Gillray,  who  went  to  Flanders  in  1793.  He  represents  the  Duke  of 
York  and  his  staff  carousing  with  Flemish  women,  while  famished  foot- 
guards  serve  as  footmen  at  a  lavish  meal  to  the  music  of  a  military  band 
(No.  8327).  Many  stories,  chiefly  false,  were  circulated  about  the  Duke's 
conduct  in  Holland;  the  reports  of  undue  luxury  in  the  field  were  well 
founded.  War  very  soon  became  less  popular,  and  both  Gillray  and  Isaac 
Cruikshank  did  prints  of  the  misfortunes  that  follow  the  enlistment  of  a 
prosperous  young  farmer,  who  finds  on  his  'glorious  return',  crippled  and 
penniless,  a  starving  wife  and  children  (Nos.  8328,  8333).  Both  are  anti- 
recruiting  prints  comparable  to  those  of  the  War  of  American  Indepen- 
dence. The  remarkable  thing  is  that  both  were  published  while  the  Allies 
were  still  having  successes  in  Flanders.  The  turn  of  the  tide  is  marked  by 
three  prints.  When  Valenciennes  capitulated  on  28  July  the  garrison 
hailed  the  Duke  of  York  as  King  of  France,  and  the  way  to  Paris  lay  open. 
Just  at  this  time  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety  financed  a  French 
caricature  depicting  the  Duke  and  Coburg  being  humiliated  by  Pichegru 
and  Jourdan ;  French  and  Flemish  towns  are  flying  the  tricolour  (No.  8337), 
whereas  all  were  in  the  hands  of  the  Allies.  This  was  pure  propaganda, 
representing  the  complete  opposite  of  the  truth:  all  was  confusion  and 
disorder  in  France.  But  it  was  prophetic.  The  tide  turned  at  Hondschoote, 
forcing  the  Duke  of  York  to  abandon  the  siege  of  Dunkirk.  This  caused  an 
outcry  in  England ;  the  Duke  of  Richmond  was  blamed,  and  is  caricatured 
by  Cruikshank  (No.  8341).  But  all  the  results  of  this  failure  could  not  be 
anticipated,  and  even  after  Wattignies  (15-16  Oct.)  the  Allies  still  held 
French  fortresses.  Accordingly,  in  A  Member  of  the  French  War  Department 
raising  Forses  to  conquer  all  the  World  (No.  8345,  2  Nov.)  Cruikshank 
depicts  Carnot,  encouraged  by  the  Devil,  blowing  soap-bubbles  which 
represent  the  levee  en  masse  of  23  August,  and  are  ironically  inscribed  with 
the  names  of  the  places  to  be  conquered  by  the  new  levies.  This  satire  also 

xxi 


INTRODUCTION 

is  prophetic:  it  represents  the  introduction  of  conscription  (though  the 
word  was  not  used  till  1798)  and  the  formation  of  the  armies  with  which 
Napoleon  made  his  conquests.  Of  the  nine  bubbles,  only  two,  'Old 
England'  and  'Petersburg',  were  to  escape  the  new  armies.  Other  satires 
on  the  Flanders  campaign  include  The  Wet  Party  or  the  Bogs  of  Flanders 
(No.  8351),  on  the  deplorable  condition  of  the  Army  and  the  abandon- 
ment of  Dunkirk,  and  three  ribald  gibes  at  a  scheme  for  providing  much- 
needed  flannel  garments  for  the  troops,  which  helped  the  bad  work  of 
suppressing  the  enterprise  (Nos.  8347-9). 

In  this  year  the  work  of  the  Navy  was  disappointing ;  Howe  was  in  com- 
mand of  the  Channel  Fleet,  and  his  returns  to  port  were  the  occasion  of 
scurrilous  attacks.  Both  Gillray  and  Cruikshank  depict  him  evading  the 
French,  and  the  former  shows  him  acting  under  the  influence  of  a  shower 
of  French  gold  (Nos.  8352,  8353).  Only  the  evacuation  of  Toulon,  not  its 
occupation  (27  Aug.)  appears  in  these  satires.  Events  in  France  illustrated 
here  include  the  death  of  Marie  Antoinette,  the  assassination  of  Marat,  and 
the  trial  of  Charlotte  Corday.  The  last,  as  depicted  by  Gillray  (No.  8336), 
has  been  condemned  as  an  instance  of  his  extravagance.  It  is  indeed 
fantastic  and  horrible,  showing  the  contorted  body  of  Marat  on  a  bedstead. 
This,  however,  satirizes  the  funeral  of  Marat,  arranged  by  David,  when  the 
body  was  carried  on  a  bedstead,  the  blood-stained  shirt  raised  on  a  pike, 
as  in  this  print.  Like  other  satires  by  Gillray,  it  is  a  symbolic  rendering 
of  the  grotesque  savagery  of  the  Terror.  Dent's  last  print  (No.  8350)  is 
on  the  Fete  de  la  Raison  in  Notre  Dame  on  10  November,  a  satire  on 
dichristianisation  in  France  which  purports  to  be  'tho'  a  satyrical,  a  just 
representation'.  A  similar  but  more  generalized  satire  by  Nixon  is 
called  French  Liberty  (No.  8334). 

Two  portrait  groups  by  Newton  of  political  prisoners  in  Newgate  and 
their  friends  are  especially  valuable  historical  documents  (Nos.  8339,  8342). 
A  savagely  republican  print  is  undated,  but  may  belong  to  1793  (No.  8365). 
It  is  one  of  several  broadsides  and  handbills  recommending  the  guillo- 
tine for  the  King,  who  is  here  associated  with  'Billy  Pitt'  and  Reeves  of 
the  Crown  and  Anchor  Society.  The  surprising  thing  is  that  it  should 
have  been  openly  advertised  (though  not  on  the  print)  as  'Printed  for 
Citizen  Lee,  at  the  British  Tree  of  Liberty  .  .  .'.  A  set  of  portraits  by 
Kay  illustrates  the  earlier  Scottish  trials  for  sedition  (Nos.  8358-62). 

In  1794  the  prints  are  rather  more  numerous  (98).  Enthusiasm  for  the 
war  has  receded  far  from  its  peak  in  the  early  months  of  1793,  a  natural 
result  of  disappointments  in  Flanders  and  the  evacuation  of  Toulon.  Dis- 
illusion is  bitterly  expressed  in  Gillray's  savage  attack  on  the  Duke  of 
York,  No.  8425,  PantagrueVs  victorious  Return  to  the  Court  of  Gargantua 
after  extirpating  the  Soup-Meagres  of  Bouille  Land,  and  in  Cruikshank's 
Half  seas  over  alias  the  Hopes  of  the  Family  (No.  8433).  The  former  contains 
the  first  allusion  since  the  beginning  of  the  war  to  the  burden  of  taxes.  No. 
8426,  A  Peace  Offering  to  the  Genius  of  Liberty  and  Equality,  is  equally 
violent  against  the  Opposition,  who  were  urging  peace  with  France,  here 
depicted  as  a  hideous  monster,  symbol  of  the  Terror.  French  terrorists  are 
caricatured  by  both  Gillray  and  Cruikshank  as  Republican  Beaux  and 
Belles  (Nos.  8430,  8431,  8435,  8436).  Military  reverses  made  the  Opposi- 
tion more  vocal  and  they  were  fiercely  attacked  by  Sayers  in  two  sets  of 
prints.  Eight  portrait  heads  (No.  8449,  &c.),  by  the  application  of  a 
bonnet-rouge,  are  transformed  into  their  opposite  numbers  in  France,  Fox 
of  course  becoming  Robespierre.    Some  of  the  comparisons  are  apt:  the 

xxii 


INTRODUCTION 

Marquis  of  Lansdowne  becomes  Chauvelin,  Jacobin,  diplomat,  and  ci- 
devant  marquis.  The  Duke  of  Grafton,  descendant  of  Charles  II,  becomes 
Orleans  (figalite),  descendant  of  Louis  XIII.  The  eccentric  republican 
Stanhope  becomes  Anacharsis  Cloots,  the  advocate  of  a  universal  republic. 
As  the  year  goes  on  the  disastrous  European  situation  is  symbolically  and 
truthfully  rendered.  The  abandonment  by  Austria  of  the  campaign  in 
Flanders  is  the  subject  of  No.  8472,  while  No.  8477  is  a  remarkably  well- 
informed  rendering  of  John  Bull's  desertion  by  his  allies  and  their  pre- 
occupation with  their  private  interests.  The  partition  of  Poland  is  the 
subject  of  No.  8483,  A  Dance  round  the  Poles,  by  Newton,  the  tiny  Poles 
being  unconscious  of  the  three  sovereigns  who  are  about  to  crush  them, 
The  military  and  diplomatic  situation  is  dealt  with  in  a  print  illustrating 
verses  by  Captain  Morris,  the  Opposition  poet,  condemning  the  whole 
policy  of  war  with  France  and  subsidies  to  allies  who  have  proved  faithless  : 
Pitt  is  savagely  attacked  as  'the  foul-going  pilot  that  steers  for  the  Crown' 
(No.  8496).  The  British  Jacobins,  including  Fox  and  Sheridan,  are 
depicted  as  ranged  against  the  forces  of  order  represented  by  the  anti- 
levelling  societies  in  No.  8424.  It  is  a  useful  survey  of  the  chief  democratic 
bodies,  seen  from  the  extreme  anti-Jacobin  angle.  Hardy  and  Margarot 
are  there,  presumably  because  they  signed  an  address  from  the  London 
Corresponding  Society  presented  to  the  Convention  in  November  1792, 
declaring  that  the  Elector  of  Hanover  was  uniting  his  troops  to  those  of 
traitors  and  robbers,  but  that  England  was  not  Hanover:  a  triple  alliance 
not  of  crowned  heads,  but  of  America,  France,  and  Great  Britain,  would 
give  peace  to  the  world.  The  acquittal  of  Hardy  and  Home  Tooke  and  the 
dropping  of  the  other  prosecutions  was  a  great  encouragement  to  the 
radicals,  and  Erskine  acquired  much  popularity  for  defending  them  with- 
out a  fee  (No.  8502).  In  No.  8491  Fox  and  Sheridan  pray  to  the  Devil  for 
Home  Tooke,  then  awaiting  trial.  A  violent  denunciation  of  Pitt  in  the 
Courier^  for  28  March  1794  was  given  publicity  by  publication  as  a  poster 
with  a  woodcut  of  Pitt  as  Signor  Gulielmo  Pittachio  who  is  to  perform  for 
the  benefit  of  the  swinish  multitude  (No.  8500).  From  1793  a  new  spirit 
of  class  bitterness  in  politics  is  symbolized  by  Burke's  unfortunate  phrase 
which  recurs  in  radical  and  revolutionary  publications.  Two  savage 
attacks  on  the  King,  republican  in  spirit  (Nos.  8515,  8516),  probably  belong 
to  this  year.  More  portraits  by  Kay  form  an  interesting  illustration  to  the 
Scottish  trials  and  the  history  of  the  British  Convention  (Nos.  8506-12). 

The  first  invasion  print  (apart  from  No.  8346,  which  is  purely  burlesque) 
appears  in  this  year:  French  Invasion  or  Brighton  in  a  Bustle  (No.  8432): 
the  foremost  defenders  of  Brighton  are  yokels  and  old  women;  Martha 
Gunn  the  bathing-woman  takes  an  active  part,  while:  Fox  and  Sheridan 
peer  furtively  from  one  of  the  bathing-machines  belonging  to  'Smoaker* 
Miles.  Invasion,  though  the  declared  policy  of  the  Republic,  was  still  only 
a  paper  scheme,  owing  to  French  naval  weakness.  At  this  time  the  volun- 
teers first  become  a  subject  of  satire.  Circulars  by  Dundas,  the  Home 
Secretary,  recommending  volunteer  bodies  supported  by  public  subscrip- 
tion, were  attacked  in  Parliament  in  March  as  leading  to  'Voluntary  Aids 
for  public  purposes  without  consent  of  Parliament',  see  No.  8434.  The  dis- 
tinction between  Volunteers,  Fencibles,  Yeomanry,  Militia,  and  members 
of  defence  Associations  is  complicated  in  law,  vague  in  practice,  and  the 
caricaturists  were  not  troubled  by  nice  distinctions.  The  popular  theme  in 

*  A  paper  which  Cobbett  called  {Political  Register,  22  Dec.  1804)  'now  as 
furiously  ministerial  as  it  was  formerly  Robespierrean*.   See  No.  9194. 

xxiii 


INTRODUCTION 

this  year  is  bad  horsemanship  and  general  absurdity;  yokels  (No.  8459) 
and  'cits'  (No.  8476)  are  depicted  in  ridiculous  and  humiliating  situations. 
The  prevailing  gloom  in  1794  is  broken  by  the  first  naval  success  of  the 
vi^ar,  the  Battle  of  the  First  of  June,  the  subject  of  three  prints  (No.  8469, 
&c.). 

In  1795  (117  prints)  Pitt's  popularity  reached  its  lowest  point,  the 
activities  of  the  radical  societies  were  at  their  height;  the  causes  were 
military  defeat,  diplomatic  failure,  and  dearth.  The  growth  of  the  societies 
had  been  stimulated  by  acquittals  in  England  and  by  savage  sentences  in 
Scotland,  while  the  Government  had  been  further  discredited  by  the 
farcical  Pop  Gun  Plot  in  1794  (No.  9035).  The  year  opened  with  the  French 
invasion  of  Holland  (No.  8631,  &c.);  the  capture  of  the  unresisting  Dutch 
fleet,  stuck  fast  in  the  ice,  made  an  invasion  of  England  possible,  if  not 
probable,  as  Cornwallis  thought  (No.  8642).  Fitzwilliam's  calamitous 
Lord-Lieutenancy  of  Ireland  is  the  subject  of  No.  8632.  According  to 
Auckland,  in  January  only  dread  and  dislike  of  the  Foxites  prevented  a 
change  of  Ministry  (No.  8608).  The  almost  open  adhesion  of  Spain  to 
France  in  May  was  followed  by  the  Treaty  of  Basel  between  France  and 
Prussia,  making  Pitt's  diplomacy  seem  bankrupt.  Austria  remained,  but 
was  inactive  without  a  British  loan.  This  was  made  tardily,  and  at  high 
interest,  but  in  face  of  bitter  protests  from  the  Opposition  (No.  8658,  &c.). 
The  heavy  subsidies  to  Prussia  had  been  spent  on  the  Partition  of  Poland 
(No.  8669,  &c.).  Fox  called  the  war  'calamitous  beyond  example',  and 
spoke  of  'disasters  which  not  fortune  but  folly  had  brought  upon  the 
country'  (No.  8600).  The  Foxites  made  repeated  motions  for  peace  and 
were  supported  by  Wilberforce.  In  the  debate  on  Grey's  motion  for  peace 
in  January  the  Opposition  maintained  that  it  was  impossible  to  win  the  war 
and  both  Pitt  and  Jenkinson  were  pilloried  for  phrases  which  became 
catchwords,  and  echo  through  these  prints  for  many  years.  Jenkinson  was 
assailed  for  having  said  (Apr.  1794)  that  marching  to  Paris  was  practicable. 
'The  march  to  Paris'  (No.  8826,  &c.)  recurs,  in  the  Press  and  in  caricature, 
especially  when  it  fell  to  Jenkinson  (as  Hawkesbury)  to  negotiate  the  Peace 
of  Amiens.'  By  a  strange  irony  the  Allied  march  to  Paris,  both  in  1814  and 
1815,  was  during  his  premiership.  In  this  debate  Pitt  (often  challenged 
as  to  his  war  aims)  was  reproached  with  the  phrase:  'indemnity  and 
security'  :^  'Now  for  indemnity  and  security,  and  then  for  security  without 
indemnity:  ever  changing  with  the  events  of  the  hour.'  Pitt  answered: 
'Everyone  in  this  House  and  in  the  country  must  be  satisfied  that,  in  the 
termination  of  every  war,  there  were  two  objects,  reparation  and  security. 
Reparation  was  only  an  auxiliary,  only  a  subordinate  object.'  (See  No. 
9364.)  The  debates  evoked  a  savage  print  from  Gillray:  The  Genius  of 
France  triumphant, — or — Britannia  petitioning  for  Peace  (No.  8614);  the 
abject  Foxites  abase  themselves  before  a  hideous  monster  symbolizing  the 
Republic.  Sayers  again  came  to  Pitt's  help  with  a  third  set  of  prints: 
Outlines  of  the  Opposition,  Nos.  8636-42,  a  seemingly  odd  collection  of 
characters  which  does  not  include  Grey.  In  the  early  part  of  the  year 
Gillray  too  produced  Pittite  prints,  notably  Light  expelling  Darkness  .  .  .  or 
— the  Sun  of  the  Constitution,  rising  superior  to  the  clouds  of  Opposition 

'  In  Oct.  1809  when  Liverpool  became  Secretary  for  War  in  Perceval's  Cabinet 
the  defeatist  Auckland  wrote:  'Now  we  shall  have  the  march  to  Paris.'  Dropmore 
Papers,  ix.  339. 

*  The  formula  was  Auckland's,  at  the  conference  of  the  Allies  at  Antwerp  in 
April  1793.  Dropmore  Papers,  vi,  p.  viii. 

xxiv 


INTRODUCTION 

(No.  8644) :  Pitt  drives  the  British  Lion  and  the  Hanoverian  Horse  towards 
Peace  who  holds  a  scroll:  'Honorable  Peace  or  everlasting  War'.  The 
Opposition  scatter,  abandoning  their  motions  for  'Peace  on  any  terms*. 
But  he  countered  this  print  with  Presages  of  the  Millenium,  No.  8655.  Pitt 
is  Death  on  the  White  Horse  (of  Hanover);  he  still  triumphs  over  the 
Opposition,  but  he  also  gallops  over  the  prostrate  bodies  of  innumerable 
pigs:  the  swinish  multitude.  Both  satires  contain  allusions  to  the  pro- 
phecies of  Richard  Brothers,  denouncing  the  war  against  a  chosen  people, 
and  foretelling  the  destruction  of  the  Royal  Family,  to  the  delight  of 
many  (No.  8627).  In  Gillray's  Patriotic  Regeneration  (No.  8624),  Pitt  is 
tried  at  the  bar  of  the  House  of  Commons  by  the  Opposition,  who  have 
converted  the  House  into  a  Convention,  with  the  proletariat  crowding  the 
benches. 

As  the  year  went  on  the  situation  worsened.  The  expedition  to  Quiberon 
(No.  8669)  was  a  disaster,  and  emigres  in  England  accused  the  British 
Government  of  having  deliberately  sent  Frenchmen  to  death.  In  June 
high  prices  became  serious,  there  were  food  riots,  and  Pitt's  house  in 
Downing  Street  was  mobbed.  The  attacks  on  Pitt  become  bitterer  and 
more  numerous.  In  three  prints  he  is  a  devouring  insect,  State  Caterpillar 
(No.  8676)  or  Political  Locust  (No.  8672),  an  emblem  of  greed,  destruction, 
and  famine.  Gillray's  The  British  Butcher  (No.  8665)  depicts  Pitt  arro- 
gantly indifferent  to  the  tragic  disparity  between  prices  and  wages.  Prints 
were  published  inciting  to  riots  against  taxes  and  high  prices  (No.  8664). 
The  burden  of  the  prints  is  taxes,  subsidies  (to  so-called  allies),  loans,  and 
dearth.  Mass  meetings  were  held  by  the  London  Corresponding  Society 
at  which  inflammatory  resolutions  were  passed  in  favour  of  reform  and 
speedy  peace  'with  the  brave  French  Republic',  and  biscuits  were  dis- 
tributed embossed  'Freedom  and  Plenty,  or  Slavery  and  Want'  (No.  8664). 
Gillray  caricatured  the  meeting  behind  Copenhagen  House  on  26  October, 
with  Citizens  Thelwall,  Gale  Jones,  and  Hodgson  addressing  the  mob  from 
platforms  called  tribunes;  John  Binns  was  in  the  chair  (No.  8685).  Its 
object  was  to  demand  Peace,  Reform  (annual  parliaments  and  universal 
suffrage),  and  cheap  bread.  It  produced  an  'Address  to  the  Nation'  in 
which  one  sentence  was  in  large  letters:  'If  ever  the  British  Nation  should 
loudly  demand  strong  and  decisive  measures  we  boldly  answer  we  have 
lives  and  are  ready  to  devote  them,  separately  or  collectively,  for  the 
satisfaction  of  our  country.'  Place  remarks,  the  London  Corresponding 
Society  did  'little  more,  so  far  as  language  was  concerned,  than  copy  their 
betters'.'  The  immediate  sequel  was  the  mobbing  of  the  King's  state 
coach  on  the  way  to  open  Parliament  on  29  October.  The  glass  was 
pierced  by  a  stone  or  bullet,  and  the  cries  were  'Down  with  Pitt',  'No 
War',  'No  Famine',  'Give  us  bread'.  This  is  represented  by  Gillray  in 
The  Republican-Attack,  No.  8681,  a  double-edged  satire.  Pitt,  the  coach- 
man, drives  furiously  over  the  prostrate  Britannia;  other  Ministers  are 
lackeys  behind  the  King's  coach,  which  is  assailed,  not  only  by  the  mob 
who  have  a  loaf  draped  in  black  on  a  pitchfork,  but,  more  prominently,  by 
the  Foxites.  The  bitterness  of  feeling  at  this  time  is  reflected  in  the  prints. 
Gilbert  Wakefield  wrote  to  Dr.  Parr  in  1795:  'I  regard  the  present  system 
of  Government  in  this  country,  civil  and  ecclesiastical,  as  that  bond  of 
iniquity  which  must  be  loosed  before  social  happiness  can  be  secured,  and 
which  I  am  sure  natural  causes  will  loose  in  a  very  short  time.'  The 
Treason  and  Sedition  Bills  were  the  Government's  response  to  the  attack 
'  B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27808,  fF.  37-8. 

XXV 


INTRODUCTION 

on  the  King.  Both  were  popularly  styled  Convention  Bills,  the  name 
chiefly  used  in  the  many  satires  which  they  evoked  (No.  8687,  &c.).  The 
name  is  important :  it  expresses  the  belief  that  the  Bills  were  intended  to 
prevent  the  meeting  of  a  popular  Convention  to  supersede  the  existing 
Parliament  and  introduce  a  new  era.  There  were  weeks  of  intensive  agita- 
tion before  the  Bills  were  passed  on  18  December.  They  were  strongly 
opposed  by  the  Foxites,  who  organized  a  meeting  in  Old  Palace  Yard 
(No.  8690)  which  was  expected  to  lead  to  rioting  but  did  not  do  so.  Pitt 
said  to  Wilberforce  in  November:  'My  head  would  be  off  in  six  months 
were  I  to  resign.'  The  view  of  the  radical  Place  was  similar:  'Most  men 
would  have  let  the  Government  fall  from  their  hands.  Never  within  the 
memory  of  man  were  Ministers  placed  in  such  untoward  circumstances  as 
were  Pitt,  Dundas,  Windham,  and  Grenville  at  the  opening  of  the  Session. 
Never  before  did  any  administration  so  pertinaciously  cling  to  power  and 
hold  it  as  it  were  in  despite  of  circumstances.  These  men  not  only  held  it, 
but  by  a  bold  and  dextrous  line  of  conduct  increased  it  to  an  extent  greater 
than  had  been  exercised  by  any  of  their  predecessors  since  the  King  came 
to  the  throne.*'  Place  overestimated  the  strength  of  his  own  friends,  but 
his  view  corresponds  to  much  contemporary  opinion  and  throws  much 
light  on  the  satires.  The  Seditious  Meetings  Act  prohibited  meetings  of 
fifty  persons  and  over  except  under  restrictions  (previous  notice  and  the 
presence  of  a  magistrate).  The  Corresponding  Societies  then  established 
linked  groups  of  forty-nine,  and  lost  their  more  moderate  members.  It  is 
the  theme  of  No.  8691  by  Gillray,  The  Royal  Bull-Fight,  that  Pitt  by 
provocative  measures  has  provoked  John  Bull  to  treason,  so  that  he  and 
the  House  of  Hanover  are  destroyed  together,  while  the  Opposition  look 
on,  well  pleased.  A  rather  different  view  is  taken  in  The  Death  of  the  Great 
Wolf  (No.  8704),  generally  regarded  as  simply  a  clever  travesty  of  West's 
picture.  Pitt  dies  in  the  moment  of  victory :  the  disproportionately  heavy 
Ministerial  forces  have  put  to  flight  a  small  body  of  sansculottes.  In  No, 
8701  Pitt  as  Gulliver  extinguishes  the  Lilliputians  of  Copenhagen  House 
with  the  Seditious  Meetings  Act.  An  easing  of  tension  is  reflected  which 
corresponds  to  the  situation :  the  Opposition  had  failed  to  mobilize  public 
opinion  to  the  extent  they  had  hoped,  the  harvest  was  excellent,  and  hopes 
of  peace  had  been  held  out  in  the  King's  speech.  One  piece  of  good  news, 
reaching  London  on  6  November,  broke  the  chain  of  misfortune:  the 
defeat  of  Pichegru  and  Jourdan  on  the  Rhine  by  the  Austrians.  In 
Gillray's  Hanging.  Drowning,  Pitt  and  Dundas  in  their  delight  drown 
themselves  in  wine,  while  Fox  hangs  himself.  Among  the  many  prints 
attacking  Pitt,  Fox  gets  little  better  treatment.  There  is,  however,  a  print 
in  which  Fox,  representing  Reason,  fights  Pitt  who  stands  for  Oppression 
(p.  198).  Other  events  of  the  year  illustrated  in  satire  are  the  betrothal 
(No.  8610,  &c.)  and  marriage  (No.  8643)  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  leading 
to  the  payment  of  his  debts.  This,  an  additional  burden  on  the  nation, 
was  an  item  in  the  accusations  against  Pitt  (No.  8655).  The  end  of  Warren 
Hastings's  trial  is  the  subject  of  an  interesting  print  by  Sayers  (No.  8647). 
During  1796  Pitt  was  in  the  ascendant.  Without  the  twenty  prints 
published  for  circulation  in  Holland  there  are  only  67  satires.  The  year 
opened  with  the  birth  of  Princess  Charlotte  of  Wales,  the  occasion  of  the 
print  by  Gillray  said  to  have  caused  proceedings  in  the  Ecclesiastical  Court 
(No.  8779).^  Caricaturists  found  a  congenial  subject  in  the  separation  of  the 
Prince  and  Princess,  and  the  relations  between  the  Prince,  Lady  Jersey,  and 
»  B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27808,  f.  56.  ^  See  above,  p.  xiii. 

xxvi 


INTRODUCTION 

Lord  Jersey  (No.  8806,  &c.).  A  scurrilous  attack  by  Gillray  on  Wilberforce 
and  Bishop  Horsley ;  Philanthropic  Consolations,  after  the  Loss  of  the  Slave 
Bill  (No.  8793),  perhaps  commissioned  by  the  West  India  Interest,  is  the 
only  reference  to  the  defeat  by  four  votes  of  the  Bill  for  the  abolition  of 
the  Slave  Trade,  The  prevailing  themes  are  taxes,  subsidies  and  loans, 
prospects  of  peace,  alarms  of  invasion,  and  measures  of  defence.  There 
are  two  more  prints  on  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Acts  (Nos.  8781,  8782), 
but  neither  is  an  attack  on  Pitt.  Fox  wrote  to  Lord  Holland  in  February: 
'The  whole  country  seems  dead,  and  yet  they  showed  some  spirit  while  the 
Bills  were  pending,  and  I  cannot  help  flattering  myself  that  the  great 
coldness  at  present  is  owing  to  people  being  in  expectation  and  doubt  with 
regard  to  what  Pitt  means  to  do  with  respect  to  peace.'  Pitt's  first  peace 
move  was  an  approach  to  the  French  Ambassador  in  Berne  through  the 
British  Minister  there  at  the  beginning  of  the  year.  It  was  a  failure,  and 
was  regarded  both  by  the  French  and  the  Foxites  as  insincere,  designed  to 
calm  the  public  and  disarm  the  Opposition.  The  state  of  uncertainty  and 
rumour  relating  to  peace  is  reflected  in  No.  8792,  A  Will  o'  the  Wisp  or 
John  Bull  in  a  Bog.  The  Dog  Tax  and  the  Wine  Tax  both  off^ered  opportu- 
nities to  the  caricaturists.  Pitt  is  attacked  for  these  and  for  the  burden  of 
taxes,  loans,  and  subsidies  in  general ;  Johnny  in  a  Flatting  Mill  (No.  8808) 
is  typical :  Pitt  and  Dundas  squeeze  John  Bull  flat  between  their  loans  and 
subsidies.  A  general  election  in  May  and  June  passed  off  quietly,  improving 
the  Ministerial  position.  In  The  Dissolution  .  .  .  (No.  8805)  Gillray  repre- 
sents Pitt  as  'the  Alchymist'  transforming  the  old  Parliament  into  a  new 
one  in  which  he  is  perpetual  dictator,  arrogantly  enthroned  on  one  of  the 
new  barracks,  made  necessary  by  the  war,  but  denounced  by  the  Opposi- 
tion as  leading  to  military  despotism.  Prints  on  the  Westminster  Election 
stress  the  quasi-alliance  between  the  Foxites  and  the  Democrats.  The 
old  arrangement  held  good  by  which  the  seat  was  shared  between  Fox,  the 
senior  member,  and  a  Ministerialist,  who  as  usual  was  a  naval  officer. 
Home  Tooke  again  intervened  as  in  1790  (No.  7652),  but  without  attacking 
Fox,  his  former  enemy,  and  in  No.  8813  the  contest  is  represented  as  one 
between  Despotism  and  Revolutionism.  A  speech  by  Tooke,  illustrated  in 
No.  8817,  The  Tree  of  Corruption, — with  John  Bull  hard  at  work,  by  Gillray, 
foreshadows  the  campaigns  in  Westminster  and  Middlesex  in  the  early 
nineteenth  century.  No.  8821,  The  British  Menagerie,  shows  Pitt  and 
Dundas  feeding  the  nations  of  Europe  with  British  gold.  Pitt's  second 
peace  overture,  when  Malmesbury  was  sent  to  Paris  (after  rebuffs  from  the 
Directory  over  a  passport),  is  the  subject  of  some  interesting  satires.  The 
first  is  a  print  by  Sayers  on  Burke's  pamphlets.  Thoughts  on  a  Regicide 
Peace  (No.  8825).  Its  lesson  is  pointed  by  a  miserable  frog-skeleton,  the 
Batavian  Republic,  resignedly  smoking  a  pipe,  and  chained  to  an  arrogant 
sansculotte,  representing  the  Directory.  The  King's  speech  on  6  October 
referred  to  the  threat  of  invasion,  which  had  in  fact  been  decided  on  (the 
invasion  of  Ireland  by  Hoche  with  a  diversion  against  England).  On 
20  October  Gillray  published  Promised  Horrors  of  the  French  Invasion — 
Forcible  Reasons  for  negotiating  a  Regicide  Peace.  In  this  Canning  makes  his 
first  appearance,  hanging  from  the  same  lamp-post  as  his  colleague  and 
rival  Jenkinson,  who  is  placarded  'New  March  to  Paris'.  The  Opposition 
and  the  Democrats  take  advantage  of  the  French  march  up  St.  James's 
Street  to  wreak  vengeance  on  the  Ministers.  Prints  more  directly  con- 
cerned with  the  mission  to  Paris  are  Nos.  8828-30,  8832,  and  two  French 
prints,  Nos.  8833,  8845.   In  Glorious  Reception  of  the  Ambassador  of  Peace, 

xxvii 


INTRODUCTION 

on  his  Entry  into  Paris  Gillray  depicts  the  deputation  of  poissardes  and 
'national  music'  that  met  Malmesbury  at  fivreux,  when  fishwives  stormed 
his  coach  to  embrace  him.  The  Directory  took  care  that  the  reception  was 
not  repeated  in  Paris;  they  were  set  on  conquest  and  invasion,  and  the 
negotiations  were  in  fact  hopeless,'  but  they  broke  down  on  the  question 
of  Holland,  and  on  the  British  determination  not  to  make  a  separate  peace 
without  Austria,  whose  success  had  stiffened  her  against  negotiations 
(No.  8835).  On  19  December  Malmesbury  received  an  ultimatum  order- 
ing him  to  leave  Paris  within  48  hours  (No.  8845).  The  Opposition 
refused  to  believe  in  the  danger  of  invasion,  and  treated  it  as  a  device  to 
justify  taxes,  loans,  and  defence  measures.  Nevertheless,  the  Address  on 
the  King's  speech  had  been  unopposed,  and  Glenbervie  notes  'the 
unanimous  address  is  not  a  common  thing,  and  will  tell  abroad,  perhaps,  as 
much  as  a  victory  on  the  Rhine  or  even  in  the  Tyrol'.^  The  combination  of 
measures  against  invasion  with  peace  negotiations  puzzled  the  public,  see 
No.  8836,  Opening  the  Budget; — or — John  Bull  giving  his  Breeches  to  save 
his  Bacon,  one  of  several  of  Pitt  as  an  alarmist,  scaring  John  Bull  out  of  his 
money.  The  Loyalty  Loan,  raised  specifically  for  defence  measures,  is  the 
subject  of  Gillray's  Begging  no  Robbery  ...  in  which  the  Ministers  are 
highwaymen ;  actually,  the  loan  was  a  triumph  for  Pitt,  and  the  ascendancy 
of  Pitt  over  Fox  is  the  subject  of  a  grotesque  caricature  by  Nevv^on,  Billy's 
Political  Plaything,  No.  8839.  Other  subjects  of  satire  include  Burke's 
Letter  to  a  Noble  Lord  (No.  8788,  &c.)  and  the  death  of  Catherine  the 
Great;  in  No.  8844  she  is  pilloried  for  the  destruction  of  Poland  and 
the  sack  of  Praga.  The  twenty  plates  of  Hollandia  Regenerata,  Nos.  8846- 
65,  depict  the  miseries  and  humiliation  of  Holland  under  the  French. 

The  year  1797  was  one  in  which,  to  quote  Lord  Holland,  'one  sensation 
followed  another'.  There  are,  however,  only  82  prints.  It  opened  with 
news  of  the  dispersal  of  the  fleet  carrying  the  French  expedition  to  Ireland ; 
13,000  men  under  Hoche  sailed  from  Brest,  but  only  a  part  of  the  fleet 
reached  the  destination,  Bantry  Bay,  to  be  driven  out  again  by  storms.  It 
is  interesting  to  remember  that  Lord  Melbourne  considered  this  one  of 
the  occasions  on  which  Providence  intervened  to  save  the  British  Empire. 
It  is  the  subject  of  Gillray's  End  of  the  Invasion; — or — the  Destruction  of 
the  French  Armada,  No.  8979,  in  which  disaster  overtakes  Foxites  and 
Thelwall,  through  the  intervention  of  the  Ministry.  This  is  followed  by 
other  prints  of  Fox  and  Foxites  as  disappointed  republicans.  News  of  the 
landing  of  Colonel  Tate  and  his  band  of  French  jail-birds  in  Cardigan 
Bay  reached  London  on  25  February.  On  3  March  came  news  of  Jervis's 
victory  at  the  Battle  of  Cape  St.  Vincent.  The  contrasted  emotions  which 
these  two  pieces  of  news  inspire  in  Fox  and  in  Pitt  is  the  subject  of  No.  8992, 
The  Tables  Turn'd,  by  Gillray.  The  Welsh  news  caused  a  run  on  the  Bank, 
and  necessitated  the  suspension  of  cash  payments.  This  was  followed  by 
the  authorization  of  ^i  notes  and  the  Bank  Restriction  Act.  The  measures 
taken  resemble  those  of  August  19 14,  but  were  less  well  understood.  The 
Opposition  proclaimed  that  they  meant  national  bankruptcy,  and  foretold 
that  English  notes  would  go  the  same  way  as  French  assignats.  The 
measures  of  the  Government,  who  were  supported  by  the  City,  were  the 
subject  of  many  satires.  In  No.  8990  Pitt  as  a  bank  clerk,  while  shovelling 
up  gold  for  himself,  proffers  notes  to  John  Bull.  Fox  (in  French  costume) 
and  Sheridan  urge  him  not  to  accept  them.  John  is  not  beguiled :  'a'  may 
as  well  let  my  Master  Billy  hold  the  gold  to  keep  away  you  Frenchmen,  as 

'  Sorel,  Bonaparte  et  Hoche,  pp.  271-2.  '  Journals,  ed.  Bickley,  i.  73. 

xxviii 


INTRODUCTION 

save  it,  to  gee  it  you,  when  ye  come  over,  with  your  domned  invasion.* 
The  double  edge  of  the  satire  is  heightened  by  the  large  bundles  of  notes, 
down  to  the  value  of  a  shilling,  that  are  being  brought  to  Pitt.  In  other 
satires  Pitt  is  more  violently  attacked  for  the  suspension,  but  the  Opposi- 
tion are  generally  treated  as  factious  and  Jacobinical,  anxious  for  an 
invasion. 

The  first  English  satire  on  Bonaparte  appeared  on  12  March,  No.  8997, 
by  Cruikshank.  It  is  evidently  based  on  a  portrait:  he  is  the  war-worn 
soldier  of  the  Italian  campaigns.  The  spirit  is  that  of  a  long  succession  of 
anti- Napoleon  caricatures,  and  it  is  prophetic:  the  Pope  lays  the  keys  of 
St.  Peter  at  the  feet  of  the  conqueror.  Actually,  it  is  based  on  an  anticipa- 
tion of  the  terms  of  the  Treaty  of  Tolentino.  Despite  the  abortive  peace 
negotiations  the  Opposition  continued  to  claim  that  a  change  of  Ministry 
would  be  the  first  step  to  peace,  and  the  only  means  of  obtaining  it ;  the 
Livery  of  London  presented  an  Address  for  the  dismissal  of  the  Ministry 
and  for  peace  (No.  9001).  The  next  sensation  was  the  secession  of  the 
Foxites  from  Parliament ;  after  the  rejection  of  Grey's  Motion  for  Reform 
on  26  May,  Fox  announced  his  intention  to  secede  after  seeing  the  House 
'give  the  Ministers  their  confidence  and  support  upon  convicted  failure, 
imposition,  and  incapacity'.  Gillray  produced  his  Parliamentary  Reform  or 
Opposition  Rats  leaving  the  House  they  had  undermined  (No.  9018)  two  days 
later.  It  is  the  first  of  many  prints  on  the  Whig  secession ;  they  support 
other  evidence  of  its  unpopularity,  as  well  as  its  unwisdom.  The  sensation 
it  might  have  produced  was  superseded  by  that  of  the  mutiny  of  the  Fleet 
at  the  Nore.  It  is  perhaps  significant  that  there  is  no  allusion  to  the  earlier 
mutiny  at  Spithead  in  April  and  May,  and  there  is  only  one  print  on  the 
mutiny  at  the  Nore,  No.  9021,  The  Delegates  in  Council  or  Beggars  on 
horseback,  by  Cruikshank.  Foxites  and  democrats  are  concealed  under  the 
table  during  the  interview  between  Parker  and  Admiral  Buckner  on  board 
the  Sandwich.  Public  opinion  was  probably  puzzled  and  divided,  with  a 
general  impression  that  this  was  not  a  suitable  subject  for  jest  or  satire. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  Mutiny  was  a  popular  subject  in  naval  songs,  and 
one.  The  Death  of  Parker,  is  one  of  the  commonest  of  all  ballads  relating  to 
the  Navy,  which  seems  to  show  that  popular  feeling  was  inclined  to  regard 
him  as  a  martyr  and  hero.' 

There  were  very  strong  reasons  against  continuing  the  war  single- 
handed  after  Austria  had  made  a  preliminary  peace  at  Leoben  (18  Apr.) 
on  humiliating  terms.  These  included  the  news  (30  March)  of  a  secret 
agreement  between  France  and  Prussia  on  15  August  1796,^  and  the  state 
of  Ireland.  Invasion  still  threatened  despite  Jervis's  victory.  Even  Burke's 
friends  saw  that  peace  was  almost  necessary.  The  overtures  to  France, 
involving  great  concessions,  were  forced  upon  the  cabinet  by  Pitt.  These 
included  recognition  of  the  French  incorporation  of  Belgium  and  the 
continued  dependence  of  Holland  on  France.  Malmesbury  went  to  Lille, 
arriving  on  4  July.  The  Diplomatic  Squad,  or  Harmony  Interrupted,  No. 
9031,  is  a  satire  on  the  negotiation  before  the  situation  was  transformed  by 
the  coup  d'etat  of  Fructidor  (4  Sept.).  This  confirmed  the  French  policy 
of  conquest,  and  on  17  September  Malmesbury  was  ordered  to  leave 
France  within  24  hours,  failing  an  immediate  restitution  of  all  conquests 
(including  West  India  Islands,  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  Ceylon).  The 
Directory's  action  strengthened  Pitt's  hands.    Lord  Holland  writes:  'It 

*  Firth,  Naval  Songs  and  Ballads,  p.  xcix. 

*  Dropmore  Papers,  iii,  pp.  304,  306,  &c. 

xxix 


INTRODUCTION 


was  the  opinion  of  impartial  men  that  our  first  negotiation  at  Paris  if  not 
msmcere,  was  at  least  very  foolish,  but  that  the  negotiation  at  LisLeipos^^^^^ 
ithtTS"^^'  pretensions  and  proposterous  conduct  of  the  FreXn  a 
dffLTff  w  °"'t1,*^"  ^°""t^  to  the  continuance  of  the  war. . . .'  The 
defeat  of  de  Wmter's  fleet  at  Camperdown  (ii  Oct.)  averted  the  immediate 
danger  of  invasion  (No  9034).  The  Foxites  continued  to  dem^d  the 
resignation  of  Pitt  as  the  only  way  to  obtain  peace.    The  prinTs^n  the 

Kr>  'Tl'T''''' '  '^'  '^"P^^"^  °f  '^'  A««^««^d  Taxes  roused  furious 
hostility  and  the  Foxites  returned  to  Parliament  to  oppose  it.  It  was  a 
steeply  graduated  tax  on  consumption:  Pitt's  'plan  of  finance',  to  support 
the  war  without  loans,  intended  to  demonstrate  to  Europe  England^ 

hrraXbrd^  i^7:;^:X,  ^  ^^"^^  ^^^  ^---p^^-  '^  j-' ^-  - 

s/'pZl^rnr^pf^  n''''/^  Cruikshank,  The  Victorious  Procession  to 
sludv  Tt'  Zi-\'  ^T"^  Trturnphal  Entry,  No.  9046,  deserves  careful 
fn  qfp     I'  P^'?^'  the  actual  procession  to  the  thanksgiving  service 

m  St.  Paul  s  on  19  December  for  naval  victories  (First  of  jSne,  Cape  St 

.Tr  Ki  ri'^J^^T^ '"  ^  'P^"'  '^^^^^^  t°  th^t  °f  ^n  inflammatory  broad: 
side  published  for  the  event  by  the  London  Corresponding  Sodety  It 
IS  a  survey  of  the  failures  of  the  war,  real  and  alleged,  militar?  diplomatic 
and  financial,  with  the  Seditious  Meetings  Act  an^d  the  dep^bk  stTte  of 
Ireland.  According  to  the  Morning  Post,  the  result  of  the^procession  was 
diat  one  man  gave  thanks  to  God,  and  one  woman  was  kicked  to  death' 
This  was  one  of  the  'Lies'  pilloried  by  the  Anti-Jacobin,  which  began  its 
short  and  brilliant  career  on  20  November.  The  year  ends  with  PitSl  S 
th^  W?  pT'k  ^"!i'^"^  '  '"''^  ^^"^^  opposition  expressed  in  the  Press, 
Id  tYti^  Club,  and  caricatures^  The  unpopularity  of  the  Assessed  Taxes 
in  P?t.  ^^T^  °.^r/"  T^?^y  ^^y  '^^  coach-makers)  and  to  an  attack 
attark,  on  n  7  °^  ^^^^^  Thanksgiving.  It  also  led  to  a  series  of  violent 
attacks  on  Dundas  as  an  unscrupulous  pluralist  (No.  90  C2).    Wilberforce 

throw.'r'h.H'^^"^'  ^  ^'^'"^^.^^  '797:  'Fox's  laWuageitihe  WhTgcTub 
throws  light,  if  any  were  wanting,  upon  their  secession.  It  is  my  firm 
opmion,  that  a  conviction  of  their  weakness  alone  prevents  their  taking  up 
the  sword  against  the  Government.'  ^  ^ 

The  number  of  prints  in  1798  rises  to  132,  the  maximum  for  the  volume 
/S"  XTM  !  threatened  invasion,  the  Irish  Rebellion,  and  the  Battle 
of  the  Nile  At  fii^t,  the  Tripling  of  the  Assessed  Taxes,  round  which 
faction  raged,  was  a  more  favoured  subject  of  caricature  than  the  invasion. 
Wi  berforce  noted  in  January:  'I  dread  the  venomous  ranklings  which  it 
will  produce.  .  .  Naval  preparations  were  in  progress  in  the  French 
SnH^'  fP?r''  ^""^  '^^  ^^^  °^  ^"g^^"'^'  ^^^  b^^"  P"t  under  the  com- 
TthLt'^'^i"'^  '"  ^''°^"'-"  ^"^barkation  had  been  ordered  for 
2S  l-ebniary.  There  were  many  tales  in  France  and  England  of  fantastic 
troop-carrying  rafts  and  «The  Raft'  is  the  subject  of  large  prints  by 
Cnukshank  and  Gillray  (Nos.  9160,  9167).  Gillray's,  thougli  pubHshed 
jTh^t^T  n  °"^-''^'  ''TT'  ^^aborated  and  weakened  by  Cmikshank. 
ittlh^^^.T^'^'T^^^  '^'  '"^'.'°  '^°^"  ^y  ^  ^"g^  ™dJass;  in  both, 
fhu^dtr^  r^^^^    "^^^^  '^'^'^  ^^  ^^«'  -^«  ^-^«  ^g--t  it  the 

K,  J!jf  IT?  °f  *^l  °u^^^''^  ''','^'''^te  not  only  the  naval  victories  of  the  war, 
but  the  blockade  of  the  French  ports.  But  in  No.  9158.  They  are  a  coming 
or  deliver  your  money,  Pitt  scares  John  Bull  out  of  his  cash,  and  the  King  and 
Queen  out  of  their  'Royal  Savings'  by  an  invasion  scare.   In  The  Modem 


INTRODUCTION 


Cain's  Lament  by  Kay,  Pitt  as  'the  Murderer  of  Thousands'  is  in  despair  at 
t?e  actilTndsuccess^ful  invasion  which  he  has  brought  upon  the  country 
No    9166).    In  No.  9172  the  Opposition  and  Home  Tooke  we  come 
Bonaparte's  army  on  the  diffs  of  Dover;  it  is  an  aerial  mvasion  by  balloons 
nSutes  and  troops  propelled  through  the  air  accompanied  by  a  giant 
?aTt t^d  a  tr^op-car^ing  sea  monster.  A  French  print,  I^^-^^Projets    '■ 
(No.^220),  shows  the  straits  of  Dover  traversed  by  a  tunnel  fi^ed  with  an 
nvading  force,  while  in  the  air  a  fleet  of  troop-carrymg  balloons  advances 
upon  England,  whose  aerial  defence  is  limited  to  kites.    In  Gillrays 
Conseouences  of  a  Successful  French  Invasion,'  with  long  inscriptions  by  Sir 
fZ  mir^mple,  the  House  of  Commons,  the  House  of  Lords,  the  English 
fanner   Sd   ]lri;h   Catholic   are   at   the  n.ercy  of   F^^nch  republicans 
(Nos    9180-3).    Appearing  on  2  March  the  prmts  were  belated.    The 
mmedlte  daiger  of  invasion  had  again  passed:  Bonaparte  informed  the 
DiSctory    on   23    February   that   invasion    was   impracticable   without 
command  of  the  sea.    An  allusion  to  Bishop  Watson' s^./^m.  to  the 
People  of  England  suggests  that  the  prints,  especially  No    9182,   were 
hiended  to  counter  Wakefield's  Answer  to  the  Address,  m  which  he  mam- 
tained  that  the  working  classes  would  lose  nothmg  by  a  French  invasion. 

The  perennial  accusations  of  disloyalty  and  Jacobmism  were  lent  colour 
by  the  Understanding  between  the  Foxites  and  Democrats  which  foUowed 
the  Treason  and  Sedition  Acts.    Its  motive  was  stated  by  Fox  in  a  letter  to 
£>rd  Holland  in  1796:  'At  present  I  think  we  ought  to  go  further  towards 
agreeing  with  the  democratic  or  popular  party  than  at  any  former  period 
it  the  following  reasons:-We,  as  a  party,  I  fear  can  do  nothing  and  the 
contest  must  be  between  the  Court  and  the  Democrats.    These  last, 
without  our  assistance,  will  be  either  too  weak  to  resist  the  Court,  and  then 
comes  Mr.  Hume's  Euthanasia,  which  you  and  I  think  the  worst  of  all 
events,  or  if  they  are  strong  enough,  being  wholly  unmixed  with  any 
aristocratic  leaven  and  full  of  resentment  against  us  for  not  joming  them, 
will  go  probably  to  greater  excesses,  and  bring  on  the  only  state  of  things 
which  can  make  a  m\n  doubt  whether  the  Despotism  o   Mon^^chy  is  the 
worst  of  all  evils.'^  The  alliance  was  recognized  at  Fox  s  birthday  dinner 
at  the  Whig  Club  on  24  January,  when  for  the  first  time  Tooke  and  the 
radicals  we?e  present.   At  this  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  gave  his  famous  toast 
'The  Sovereignty  of  the  People',  a  favourite  Whig  toast  current  m  1784  at 
Westminster  Election  dinners.    The  more  serious  offence  was  that  he 
compared  the  2,000  persons  present  with  the  2,000  who  had  rallied  round 
Washington  (in    1775),   asking  his  audience  to  make  the  application. 
GmrlyTne%Proast  (No.  9168)  is  the  first  of  many  satires  on  the 
affair-  in  most  Norfolk  has  a  bewildered,  alarmed  expression;  he  was, 
according  to   Lady   Holland,   'a  chicken-hearted,   trimmmg  sort  of  a 
politician'.  She  says  he  asked  next  day  for  a  private  audience,  ^pressed  his 
loyalty  and  asked  for  a  post  of  danger  in  case  of  mvasion    This  did  not 
avert  his  removal  from  the  Privy  Council  and  from  the  colonelship  of  the 
West  Riding  Militia.  At  a  Whig  Club  dinner  in  May,  Fox  not  only  repeated 
the  toast,  but  coupled  with  it  'the  sufferers  in  the  cause  of  freedom  m 
Ireland',  making  a  very  injudicious  speech  (No.  9205  &c.)    This  was  one 
of  many  ways  in  which  the  Foxites  damaged  themselves  when  the  tide  ot 
anti-Jacobin  feeling  was  rising.   Auckland  wrote,  13  February  1798:   At 
this  hour  every  symptom  of  a  Jacobinical  tendency  is  regarded  with  detesta- 
tion and  is  discontinued  and  beaten  down.'^  In  No.  9190,  John  Bull  con- 
«  See  above,  pp.  xii-xiii.    ^  MemoriaUandCorr.m.i2S-<>.    ^  Auckland  Corr.  111.386. 


XXXl 


INTRODUCTION 

suiting  the  Oracle,  Fox  bewilders  and  alarms  John  by  shouting  'Radical 
Reform  or  Ruin',  and  in  No.  9178  he  and  Home  Tooke  are  The  Darling 
Children  of  Democracy.  Nos,  9189,  9202,  both  by  Gillray,  are  on  the 
arrest  of  O'Connor,  Binns,  and  others  at  Margate,  when  about  to  embark 
for  France  to  get  military  aid  for  Ireland,  and  the  subsequent  arrest  of 
members  of  the  London  Corresponding  Society,  in  which  Binns  was  a 
leading  member.  In  the  former,  Foxites  and  Tooke  are  the  conspirators. 
The  Corresponding  Society  appears  in  many  prints.  Binns  writes:  'The 
avowed  object  of  the  Society  was  to  obtain  a  Reform  in  the  House  of 
Commons  ...  on  a  Plan  of  Universal  Suffrage  and  Annual  Parliaments.  I 
say  their  avowed  object,  but  the  . . .  hopes  ofmanyofits  influential  members 
carried  them  to  the  overthrow  of  Monarchy  and  the  establishment  of  a 
Republic.''  Place  confirms  this,^  though  'only  a  few  were  prepared  to  go 
to  all  lengths.  .  .  .  Most  were  convinced  that  by  causing  as  great  a  ferment 
as  possible  the  Government  would  be  overawed,  and  concede  what  they 
requested.'  Their  hopes  were  dashed  by  the  Seditious  Meetings  Act;  the 
remnants  of  the  Society,  of  whom  Place  says  'only  the  refuse  remained', 
with  a  few  exceptions,  were  thrown  back  on  desperate  remedies  in  co- 
operation with  the  Irish.3  In  Gillray's  series  called  French  Habits  (No. 
9196,  &c.),  Foxites  and  others  appear  in  the  official  dress  designed  by 
David  for  the  Directory.  Burdett  makes  his  first  appearance  in  these  prints 
as  Messager  d'jStat,  illustrating  the  Anti-Jacobin  which  had  chosen  him  as 
messenger  to  collect  plebeian  guests  for  Fox's  birthday  dinner.  Actually, 
he  had  introduced  O'Connor  to  Binns  in  order  that  the  latter  might  arrange 
the  attempted  journey  to  France.  The  rebellion  in  Ireland  is  the  subject  of 
a  number  of  prints,  some  of  which  relate  to  Fox's  relationship  to  Lord 
Edward  Fitzgerald  (No.  9227,  &c.).  The  duel  between  Pitt  and  Tierney 
is  treated  in  various  ways,  but  the  altered  attitude  towards  the  Minister 
since  1795  is  apparent,  despite  No.  9231,  where  all  the  miscarriages  of  the 
war  are  remembered  against  him.  Pitt's  ill-health,  which  became  acute 
after  the  duel,  is  reflected  in  several  prints  where  he  is  gouty  and  emaciated, 
see  No.  9226,  &c.  In  No.  9237  Pitt  is  blamed  for  the  clearing  of  the  House 
of  strangers  during  the  debates  on  Ireland.  Property  protected,  a  lafrancoise 
[sic],  No.  9224,  is  an  interesting  print  on  the  X.Y.Z.  affair,  over  which 
American  opinion  underwent  one  of  its  most  sudden  and  violent  trans- 
formations :  the  five  Directors  plunder  America  in  the  name  of  fraternity, 
watched  by  the  Powers  of  Europe  who  have  already  been  robbed  and 
exploited ;  John  Bull,  safe  on  the  cliffs  of  Dover,  laughs  at  the  scene. 

The  most  damaging  blow  ever  received  by  the  Foxites  is  the  subject  of 
No.  9245,  Gillray's  Evidence  to  Character; — being  a  portrait  of  a  traitor  by 
his  Friends  &  by  himself.  Arthur  O'Connor,  arrested  on  his  way  to  secure 
military  aid  from  France,  summoned  the  leading  Whigs  to  give  evidence 
for  him  at  his  trial  at  Maidstone.  These  'Maidstone  Oaths'  had  already 
been  satirized,  when  his  own  confession  was  published  admitting  his  share 
in  negotiating  for  a  French  invasion  of  Ireland,    The  effect  on  public 

*  Recollections  of  the  Life  of  John  Binns,  Philadelphia,  1854,  p.  45. 

*  'All  the  leading  members  were  republicans  . . .  taught  by  the  writings  of  Thomas 
Paine  and  confirmed  ...  by  Mr.  Winterbottom's  history  of  the  United  States  .  .  . 
published  in  numbers  and  generally  used  by  the  members.'  Add.  MSS.  27808, 
f.  113. 

'  Hamilton  Reid  (Home  Tooke's  biographer)  describes  how  the  Corresponding 
Society  disintegrated  from  alarm  caused  by  the  'known  violence'  of  the  'United  Men' 
(United  Englishmen)  who  were  joint  members  of  both  societies  in  1797  and  1798. 
Rise  and  Dissolution  of  the  Infidel  Societies  of  this  Metropolis,  1800,  p.  108. 

xxxii 


INTRODUCTION 

opinion  was  catastrophic.  Farington  notes:  'Opposition  knocked  up  by 
the  confession.  ...  In  fact,  too  much  power  thrown  into  the  hands  of 
Government  owing  to  the  vile  and  fooUsh  conduct  of  Opposition.'  Gillray's 
print  was  one  of  the  most  politically  effective  he  ever  published.  The  words 
of  the  witnesses  are  only  slightly  burlesqued.  By  some  fatality  their 
evidence,  though  carefully  considered,  was  often  ridiculous;  Erskine's 
egotism  for  instance  was  nakedly  displayed,  Norfolk's  testimony  that 
O'Connor  was  attached  to  constitutional  principles  'in  the  same  way  as 
myself  was  absurd,  in  view  of  his  removal  from  the  Privy  Council ;  Lord 
Suffolk's  *I  have  always  told  Lady  Suffolk  .  .  .'  was  characteristic  of  the 
speaker.  Lord  Thanet's  'He  has  the  same  sentiments  as  every  one  of  the 
Opposition'  was  often  quoted  against  the  Foxites,  while  Fox's  dictum  that 
O'Connor  was  'well  affected  to  his  country  .  .  .  attached  to  the  principles 
upon  which  the  present  family  sit  upon  the  throne,  and  to  which  we  owe  all 
our  liberties'  was  an  assertion  of  the  Whig  doctrine  of  the  right  of  revolution. 
Lord  Holland  writes:  'From  pardonable  motives  of  humanity  and  friend- 
ship, they  endeavoured  to  give  the  most  favourable  colour  they  could  to 
his  views  and  opinions  in  England,  and  they  thereby  exposed  themselves 
to  the  imputation  of  being  implicated  in  the  plot,  or  at  least  accessory  to 
the  designs  which  he  afterwards  confessed.''  The  reproach  of  'O'Connor* 
and  'Maidstone'  from  this  time  for  many  years  was  brought  against  the 
Foxites,  and  followed  Fox  beyond  the  grave:  his  followers  and  Burdett 
were  accused  of  being  friends  of  O'Connor,  the  most  damaging  imputation 
that  could  be  made,  very  different  from  allegations  of  bloodthirsty 
Jacobinism. 

The  course  of  the  war  contributed  to  the  discredit  of  Opposition.  The 
wild  rumours  as  to  Bonaparte's  whereabouts  when  Nelson  was  chasing 
him  from  Sicily  to  Alexandria  and  from  Alexandria  to  Sicily  are  illustrated 
in  No.  9241,  Buonaparte  really  taken:  Pitt  humbugs  John  Bull  with  good 
news.  Fox  feigns  satisfaction  but  weeps  copiously.  Authentic  news  of  the 
Battle  of  the  Nile  (i  Aug.)  reached  England  on  26  September,  ending  a 
period  of  acute  anxiety.  On  3  October  Gillray  published  his  Nelson's 
Victory; — or — good  news  operating  upon  loyal-feelings.  The  Opposition 
hear  of  'the  end  of  the  French  Navy',  'Britannia  rules  the  Waves',  and  'End 
of  the  Irish  Invasion'  (by  Warren's  defeat  of  the  French  fleet),  with 
despair  or  scepticism.  Lady  Holland  records  in  her  Journal  the  'lamentable 
plight  of  Opposition'  owing  to  successes  in  Egypt  and  Ireland  'so  contrary 
to  their  predictions'.  She  wrote  in  1799  of  'the  obsolete  doctrines  of 
Whiggism'.  The  Battle  of  the  Nile  and  Bonaparte  in  Egypt  become 
the  leading  subjects  of  caricature,  and  of  some  famous  plates,  too  well 
known  for  comment.  One  of  the  periodical  caricatures  representing  the 
extinction  of  the  Foxites  is  No.  9258,  The  Funeral  of  the  Party.  Similar 
prints  were  published  after  the  elections  of  1784,  after  the  withdrawal  of 
the  Regency  Bill  in  1789,  and  in  1792-3.  This  series  of  calamities  helps  to 
explain  the  bitterness  of  politics.  The  plight  of  the  Whigs  is  in  violent 
contrast  with  the  general  exultation  at  the  Battle  of  the  Nile,  which  trans- 
formed the  military  and  diplomatic  situation.  The  final  defeat  of  the 
Republic  seemed  at  hand  (No,  9260).  The  beginnings  of  the  Second 
Coalition  are  indicated  in  St.  George  and  the  Dragon  or  the  Glorious  Era  of 
lygS  (No.  9273).  British  interest  in  Malta  appears  in  No.  9268,  a  famous 
print  by  Gillray.  His  Buonaparte,  hearing  of  Nelson's  Victory,  swears  by  his 
Sword  to  extirpate  the  English  from  off  the  Earth  (No.  9278)  is  a  wonderful 
*  Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party,  1852,  i.  121. 

xxxiii  C 


INTRODUCTION 

caricature  of  a  general  intoxicated  with  visions  of  conquest  and  world 
domination.  The  year  ends  with  the  first  appearance  of  the  Income  Tax 
(No.  9281),  the  result  of  the  evasions  and  opposition  that  had  wrecked  the 
Assessed  Taxes,  and  of  the  projected  Union  with  Ireland  (No.  9284). 

In  1799  there  are  100  prints.  For  the  first  eight  months  of  the  year  the 
Allies  were  in  the  ascendant,  on  the  offensive,  and  victorious.  At  home  the 
main  topics  are  taxes,  subsidies,  the  Union,  the  Opposition,  the  Whig 
Club,  the  dearth ;  abroad,  Bonaparte  in  Egypt,  Allied  victories,  the  Russian 
Alliance,  the  Expedition  to  the  Helder,  defeat  and  disappointment,  the 
Revolution  of  Brumaire,  home  and  foreign  affairs  being  of  course  often 
combined  in  the  same  satire.  Since  England  again  has  allies,  the  question 
of  subsidies  again  becomes  acute.  As  Dundas  wrote  to  Pitt  in  December 
1798 :  'The  aversion  of  this  country  to  renew  any  more  subsidiary  treaties  is 
greatly  increased  by  the  unfaithful  execution  of  those  already  past.'  The 
burden  of  allies'  (actual  and  potential)  subsidies  and  Income  Tax  is  the 
subject  of  No.  9338.  John  Bull  at  his  Studies,  attended  by  his  Guardian 
Angell,  No.  9363,  is  a  classic  and  famous  rendering  of  the  Income  Tax. 
Already,  on  its  first  appearance,  the  tax  had  complications  associated  with 
modem  bureaucratic  ingenuity,  and  it  came  into  operation  on  that  familiar 
date,  5  April.  There  are  many  satires  on  the  tax,  notably  No.  9337,  where 
Pitt,  by  means  of  'the  French  Bug-a-Bo',  brings  total  ruin  to  the  farmer  of 
;^2oo  a  year  (the  income  at  which  the  highest  rate  of  10  per  cent,  became 
payable),  but  the  surprising  thing,  in  view  of  the  traditional  British  reaction 
to  new  taxes,  is  that  it  was  accepted  without  still  more  bitter  opposition. 
This  was  partly  due  to  the  discredit  of  the  Opposition,  who  moreover  had 
shot  their  bolt  over  the  Assessed  Taxes.  Doubtless  Gillray's  witty  Meeting 
of  the  Monied  Interest  (No.  9282)  had  something  to  do  with  it.  But  in 
general  its  acceptance  reflects  the  change  of  heart  in  the  country  since  1795. 
A  print  of  1800  is  significant.  Ministers,  even  Dundas,  are  praised,  'With 
just  one  verse  for  Johnny  Bull,  Whom  some  have  called  a  Nincum, 
Because  he  did  not  growl  and  roar,  About  the  Tax  on  Income.'  The 
prints  on  the  Foxites  have  a  documented  malice,  more  damaging  than  the 
grotesque  accusations  of  Jacobinism  in  the  early  months  of  the  war, 
deriving  from  their  relations  with  O'Connor.  In  The  Maidstone  White- 
washer  (No.  9343),  an  important  speech  by  Fox  at  the  Whig  Club,  where 
declarations  of  Foxite  policy  were  made  during  the  Secession,  is  cleverly 
burlesqued.  Burdett's  visit  to  the  Middlesex  House  of  Correction,  which 
was  to  have  a  great  effect  on  politics  in  Middlesex  and  Westminster,  and 
which  gave  him  his  status  as  a  reformer  of  abuses,  is  the  subject  of  No. 
9341,  Citizens  paying  a  visit  to  the  Bastille,  by  Gillray,  the  first  of  many  on 
this  topic.  In  May  occurred  one  of  those  events  which  from  time  to  time 
monopolize  attention  to  the  exclusion  of  foreign  affairs.  This  was 
Sheridan's  play,  Pizarro.  According  to  the  Monthly  Magazine  (in  August) 
it  'obliterates  the  memory  of  the  Archduke  Charles,  of  Marshal  Suwarrow, 
and  General  Moreau.  In  Egypt  he  combines  with  Sir  Sidney  Smith  and 
.  .  .  Ghezzar  Pasha  to  annihilate  Bonaparte'.  The  play  is  consistently 
ridiculed  in  these  prints.  The  transition  of  the  impoverished  Foxite  to  the 
part  of  patriot  was  too  striking  for  it  to  be  otherwise,  and  Gillray's  Pizarro 
contemplating  over  his  new  Peruvian  Mine  (No.  9396)  sets  the  tone  of  many 
caricatures.  The  play  owed  its  vogue  to  the  patriotic  speech  of  RoUa' 
(No.  9397)  which  was  printed  as  an  invasion  broadside  in  1803,  with  the 
title  Sheridan's  Address  to  the  People.    An  earlier  and  more  short-lived 

*  It  was  reprinted  in  The  Times  in  1940  vinder  their  'Old  and  True'  caption. 

xxxiv 


INTRODUCTION 

excitement  was  a  race  at  Newmarket:  in  March  news  was  anxiously 
expected  involving  'the  deliverance  of  Europe'.  Portentous  events  were 
hoped  for  or  dreaded,  in  Tirol,  Egypt,  India,  and  Ireland :  John  Bull  was 
aware  of  these  things,  but  his  most  immediate  interest  was  whether  Diamond 
would  beat  Hambletonian  (No.  9366,  A  Week's  Amusement  for  lohn 
Bull). 

A  very  elaborate  satire,  No.  9349,  Representant  d'une  Grande  Nation,  is 
probably  French,  commissioned  by  emigres  in  England.  The  Directory  is 
*Le  Quintuple  Auto-democratisme  ou  Demo-Autocratisme'.  Its  foreign 
policy  is  voiced  by  Talleyrand,  who  makes  contradictory  and  irreconcilable 
promises  and  threats  to  the  Powers  of  Europe,  except  England  who  is 
'Ennemie  de  la  France — Implacable  Albion'.  He  is  applauded  by  the 
Foxites  and  Home  Tooke.  The  French  in  Egypt  were  a  great  opportunity 
for  the  caricaturists,  especially  Gillray,  whose  prints  deserve  study  for  the 
truths  underlying  their  extravagances,  and  who  used  the  Intercepted 
Letters.  The  publication  of  selections  from  letters  from  French  officers  in 
Egypt  to  friends  and  officials  in  France,  intercepted  in  the  Mediterranean, 
caused  a  sensation;  they  were  translated  into  French  and  German  and 
remain  an  important  source  for  the  history  of  the  campaign;  they  are 
disillusioned,  discontented,  despondent.  Their  publication  was  attacked 
by  the  Opposition  as  a  breach  of  international  good  manners ;  Horner  even 
sets  it  against  the  seizure  of  Rumbold,  the  British  Minister  in  Hamburg, 
by  Napoleon  in  1804.  In  view  of  the  licence  of  caricaturists  and  the  Press 
(for  instance,  Coleridge's  'Fire,  Famine,  and  Slaughter',  in  the  Morning 
Post,  8  Jan.  1798)  this  is  one  of  the  curiosities  of  political  psychology. 
They  were  of  course  damaging  to  French  prestige  and  to  the  defeatism  of 
the  Opposition.  Gillray's  Siege  de  la  Colonne  de  Pompie  —  Science  in  the 
Pillory,  No.  9352,  is  a  comprehensive  satire  on  French  savants  in  Egypt 
and  French  propaganda  to  Turks,  Arabs,  and  Africans.  When  news 
arrived  of  Suvoroff 's  great  victories  in  Italy,  he  remains  for  the  caricaturists 
primarily  the  villain  of  the  conquest  of  Poland  and  the  sack  of  Praga,  not 
a  great  Allied  commander.  Gillray  depicts  him  as  a  barbarian  war-monster 
(No.  9390),  while  bitter  dislike  of  the  Russian  alliance  is  shown  in  his  The 
Magnanimous  Ally  (No.  9415),  a  cruel  caricature  of  Paul  I,  noteworthy 
for  its  early  appearance  (17  Sept.);  it  was  reissued  in  1801,  after  it  had 
been  fully  justified  by  the  Tsar's  erratic  conduct.  French  defeats,  French 
generals,  the  grandiose  aims  of  Bonaparte  in  the  East,  and  Larevelliere- 
Lepaux  are  the  subjects  of  No.  9403,  French  Generals  retiring,  on  account  of 
their  health,  by  Gillray  (20  June).  Actually,  Lepaux  and  Merlin  had  just 
been  expelled  from  the  Directory  by  the  minor  coup  d'etat  of  30  Prairial 
(i8  June).  Allied  Powers,  unbooting  £galite  (No.  9412)  marks  the  turn  of 
the  tide.  It  records  successes :  Austria  and  Russia  draw  from  Bonaparte  a 
clumsy  boot  formed  of  the  map  of  Italy,  the  defence  of  Acre  and  British 
naval  achievements  are  alluded  to.  But  he  stands  on  a  Dutch  cheese  from 
which  he  is  in  process  of  being  dislodged  by  the  Prince  of  Orange.  This 
is  an  anticipation  of  the  fruits  of  the  unfortunate  Anglo-Russian  expedition 
to  the  Helder.  Its  failure  coincided  with  the  Austrian  defeats  in  Switzer- 
land, and  the  reversal  of  the  military  situation.  The  Great  Swallow  All 
Disgorging  .  .  .,  No.  9422,  is  a  remarkable  print,  not  from  its  hostility  to 
Suvoroff  and  the  Russian  alliance,  but  in  representing  the  French  as 
liberators,  with  Austrians  dancing  round  a  Tree  of  Liberty.  The  return  of 
Bonaparte  to  France  (23  August)  passed  unnoticed  at  the  time,  but  the 
Revolution  of  Brumaire  is  the  subject  of  caricatures  showing  a  noteworthy 

XXXV  0  2 


INTRODUCTION 

appreciation  of  its  significance.  Within  three  days  of  the  first  reports  in 
the  English  papers,  Gillray  published  his  Exit  Liberie  a  la  Francois! 
(No.  9426).  The  Empire  was  at  once  anticipated.  For  instance,  in  No. 
9433,  Bonaparte,  at  the  head  of  a  file  of  soldiers  receives  an  imperial  crown 
from  a  kneeling  ragamuffin.  Brumaire  is  said  to  have  had  more  effect  than 
any  other  event  in  destroying  Jacobinism  in  England,  so  clear  was  it  that 
this  was  a  military  dictatorship.  But  Jacobinism  was  already  moribund. 
And  the  plight  of  the  Foxites  was  more  desperate  than  ever,  despite  the 
beginning  of  a  period  of  dearth  which  was  to  prove  worse  than  that  of  1795. 
In  the  summer  the  Duke  of  Somerset  deplored  the  'inadvertencies  of 
Opposition,  as  they  have  rendered  themselves  so  obnoxious  that  they  have 
been  the  means  of  throwing  an  unfounded  popularity  upon  the  King  and 
Ministers'.'  It  was  significant  that  the  price  of  porter  had  been  raised 
'without  clamour'.  There  is  a  tendency  to  blame  the  Dutch  for  the  failure 
of  the  expedition  to  the  Helder  (Nos.  9420,  9421,  p.  574).  War- weariness 
is  reflected  in  Political  Hoaxing  and  The  Beauties  of  War!!  (Nos.  9416, 
9418).  The  last  satires  of  the  year  are  on  the  increased  price  of  porter,  with 
Pitt  exculpated  or  otherwise  (No.  9430,  &c.),  and  on  disappointment  and 
sedition  in  the  Whig  Club  (No.  9434). 

In  1800  the  number  of  prints  (50  including  some  French  satires  of 
doubtful  date)  falls  to  approximately  the  low  level  of  1785.^  Frustration 
and  disappointment  seem  to  pervade  them,  though  there  are  some  pene- 
trating satires  on  Bonaparte.  The  hopes  of  a  speedy  and  decisive  victory 
had  vanished.  The  year  opens  with  the  answer  to  the  peace  overture  made 
by  Bonaparte  in  a  letter  to  the  King  which  reached  England  on  3 1  December, 
and  was  rebuffed  in  a  dispatch  from  Grenville  to  Talleyrand.  The  reply 
was  a  diplomatic  blunder:  the  cry  for  peace  in  France  was  silenced, 
though  the  Ministerial  belief  that  the  offer  was  not  seriously  intended,  but 
was  a  peace  offensive  in  the  strict  sense  of  the  term,  is  probably  correct:  at 
all  events  Napoleon  said  as  much  in  St.  Helena.  The  only  satire  directly 
relating  to  it  represents  Bonaparte  dismayed  at  'John  Bull's  Dispatches' 
(No.  9512).  Whitbread  maintained  in  Parliament  that  Bonaparte's  personal 
approach  to  the  King  (contrary  to  diplomatic  usage)  was  'in  no  way  incom- 
patible with  the  respect  which  is  due  from  one  crowned  head  to  another'. 
This  suggested  Gillray 's  The  Apples  and  the  Horse-Turds; — or — Buona- 
parte among  the  Golden  Pippins  (No.  9522),  in  which  the  republican  turds 
swim  in  competition  with  crowned  apples  representing  the  sovereigns  of 
Europe.  This  theme  is  combined  with  a  comprehensive  attack  on  the 
Opposition,  the  Opposition  Press,  and  revolutionary  doctrines  in  general. 
Bonaparte's  departure  from  Egypt  is  retrospectively  satirized  by  Gillray 
in  an  illustration  to  intercepted  dispatches  from  Kleber,  bitterly  indignant 
at  the  desertion  of  the  army  in  Egypt  (No.  9523).  In  Gillray's  The  French- 
Consular-Triumverate,  settling  the  new  Constitution  (No.  9509),^  Bonaparte 
writes  with  fierce  decision,  giving  himself  supreme  power,  while  the  other 
two  Consuls  bite  their  pens  in  pompous  indecision;  he  tramples  on 
republican  constitutions,  and  has  already  prepared  a  future  constitution 
with  'Buonaparte  Grande  Monarque'.  In  the  background  Sieyes  searches 
in  senile  and  impotent  haste  among  his  crowded  'Constitutional-Pigeon- 
Holes',  illustrating  Burke's  dictum:  'Abbe  Sieyes  has  whole  nests  of 

*  Lady  Holland's  Joumcd,  1908,  ii.  21. 

*  Allowance  should  probably  be  made  for  plates  prepared  by  Gillray  for  the 
Anti-Jacobin  and  presumably  destroyed;  these  must  have  reduced  his  output  on 
current  politics.  See  above,  p.  xiii.  ^  See  frontispiece. 

xxxvi 


INTRODUCTION 

pigeon-holes  full  of  constitutions  ready  made,  ticketed,  sorted,  and 
numbered,  suited  to  every  season  and  fancy.'  The  Rival  Accoucheurs,  or 
who  shall  deliver  Europe  (No.  9544)  anticipates  the  flattering  representa- 
tions of  Bonaparte  that  filled  the  print-shops  after  the  Peace  Preliminaries 
began  in  the  spring  of  1801.  The  rivals  are  Pitt,  a  quack  doctor,  whose 
prescription  is  'mint  seed',  that  is,  subsidies  to  European  Powers,  and 
Bonaparte,  who  points  to  his  cannon-balls  with  his  sword,  declaring  them 
far  more  efficacious,  since  he  has  'delivered  Europe  in  one  day'  (at 
Marengo),  while  Pitt  has  'been  months  in  attempting  to  deliver  Italy'. 
The  dignity  of  the  handsome  general  in  a  design  where  the  other  figures 
are  broadly  caricatured  is  striking,  and  is  an  indication  of  the  extreme 
unpopularity  of  subsidies. 

At  home,  the  chief  topics  are  the  dearth  and  the  Union  with  Ireland. 
As  to  the  Union,  the  general  tone  of  the  prints  is  hostile  facetiousness — 
jokes  on  marriage  between  Hibemia  and  John  Bull.  The  plates  to  the 
Hibernian  Magazine  are  very  bitter,  e.g.  No.  9531,  Marriage  against 
Inclination,  a  Step  to  Separation.  In  this,  Erin  appeals  to  'the  constant 
loyalty  of  my  children'.  The  prints  on  the  dearth  are  in  striking  contrast 
with  those  of  1795.  The  blame  is  put,  not  on  Pitt  and  seldom  on  the  war, 
but  on  profiteers,  corn-factors,  and  forestallers.  This  attitude,  always 
latent,  was  encouraged  by  an  injudicious  address  to  the  jury  by  Kenyon, 
which  led  to  serious  riots  in  London  and  elsewhere  (No.  9545).  Never- 
theless, Pitt  found  it  necessary  to  protest  against  those  (not  supported  by 
Fox,  who  remained  Burke's  disciple  on  this  question)  who  were  agitating 
for  peace  by  declaring  that  the  scarcity  was  due  solely  to  the  war.^  There 
is  no  reference,  direct  or  indirect,  to  the  Combination  Act  of  1799,  or  to 
the  Act  of  1800  that  superseded  it.  This  is  not  surprising,^  but  is  scarcely 
compatible  with  the  interpretation  of  the  Acts  as  a  new  departure  and  a 
repressive  measure  comparable  with  the  Seditious  Meetings  Act  which  is 
the  subject  of  so  many  prints. 

From  1794  there  has  been  a  sprinkling  of  satires  on  the  Volunteers  in 
each  year  (see  Index).  Some  have  been  classed  as  political,  others  as 
social,  but  in  general  the  Volunteers  evoke  ridicule  and  even  hostility. 
They  were  regarded,  especially  in  London,  as  a  police  force  for  curbing 
civil  disturbance,  and  were  called  out  to  quell  the  food  riots  of  1800.  The 
contrast  with  the  attitude  towards  the  volunteers  of  1803  is  striking,  and 
illustrates  a  patriotic  broadside  of  1803,  A  Letter  to  the  Volunteers,  urging 
them  to  'avoid  the  errors  of  your  first  Associations'  in  the  last  war.  'It  is 
observed  that  dress,  parade,  and  ostentation  occupied  more  of  your  time 
than  attention  to  discipline.  .  .  .  The  system  of  extravagance  you  adopted 
produced  the  most  baneful  effects;  the  greatest  envy  and  hatred,'  The 
Volunteer  corps  are  said  to  have  been  the  chief  safeguard  of  Parliament 
'while  Democracy  raged'. ^  The  contrast  between  the  Volunteers  of  the 
French  Revolutionary  and  Napoleonic  Wars,  like  that  between  the  popular 
reactions  to  dearth  in  1795  and  1 799-1 801,  is  one  of  the  signs  that  Jacobin- 
ism was  dead.  The  century  closed  with  misfortunes,  and  a  caricature 
published  on  the  first  day  of  the  nineteenth  century,  a  study  in  facial 
expression  by  Woodward,  is  called  Bad  News  from  the  Continent,  namely, 

^  Speech  of  17  Feb.  1800. 

*  Economic  Journal,  History  Supplement,  1927,  pp.  214-28;  Econ.  Hist.  Review, 
1936,  pp. 172-8. 

3  W.  Hamilton  Reid,  Rise  and  Dissolution  of  the  Infidel  Societies  of  this  Metropolis, 
1800,  p.  31. 

xxxvii 


INTRODUCTION 

news  of  the  collapse  of  Austria  and  of  the  League  of  Northern  Powers 
under  our  recent  'Magnanimous  Ally',  the  Tsar. 

Personal  Satires. 

The  distinction  between  political  and  personal  satires  remains  difficult 
to  draw,  with  many  borderline  prints.  Military  satires  present  a  special 
difficulty  in  this  volume;  in  general,  prints  involving  the  Army  or  the 
Volunteers  as  a  body  are  classed  as  political,  satires  on  individuals  (unless 
political  in  intention)  have  been  classed  as  personal.  In  a  few  composite 
prints,  mainly  social,  a  political  subject  intrudes  (Nos.  9635,  9640).  In 
general,  there  is  a  greater  proportion  of  realistic  studies  of  life  and  manners, 
as  compared  with  those  on  stock  subjects  of  humour,  than  in  earlier  vol- 
umes. This  is  largely  due  to  Woodward ;  the  plates  to  his  Eccentric  Excur- 
sion (8929,  &c.)  are  interesting  as  things  seen  by  the  traveller ;  for  instance, 
the  interior  of  a  stage-coach,  with  passengers  uneasily  asleep,  a  scene  not 
unlike  night  travel  by  train  at  its  worst.  Rowlandson,  too,  has  many  prints 
on  manners  in  this  volume,  but  they  are  primarily  works  of  art;  he  has 
not  the  interest  of  Woodward  in  manners  and  customs  as  such,  though  he 
often  depicts  them  superbly.  As  always,  personal  and  social  satires  are 
inextricably  mixed,  and  it  has  not  always  been  possible  to  discover  the 
personal  application  of  a  satire  (though  the  specialized  knowledge  of  the 
reader  may  supply  the  missing  clue).  Personal  scandal  has  diminished  with 
the  cessation  of  the  vis-a-vis  portraits,  current  from  1769  to  1791,  known 
as  Tete-a-tetes. 

The  sensations  that  amused  or  even  absorbed  the  town  are  well  illus- 
trated. Two  were  both  literary  and  theatrical,  the  Ireland  forgeries  and 
Sheridan's  Pizarro.  The  latter  is  treated  in  caricature  from  the  political 
angle,  except  for  Dighton's  portraits  of  Kemble  and  Mrs.  Siddons  as 
Rolla  and  Elvira.  On  the  Ireland  controversy  there  are  three  prints  that, 
taken  together,  give  an  excellent  survey  of  the  affair  from  an  extremely 
hostile  angle.  They  are  indeed  cruel  to  the  older  Ireland,  who  suffered 
severely  and  unjustly  from  his  son's  talented  imposture.  Gillray  and 
Steevens  combined  in  a  savage  attack  on  Ireland  in  a  travesty  of  an  over- 
flattering  portrait  engraved  twelve  years  earlier  (No.  9064).  The  verses  by 
Steevens  are  attributed  to  Mason,  Walpole's  friend,  who  had  died  some 
eight  months  earlier.  This  is  seemingly  an  instance  of  Gillray's  love  of 
false  and  impossible  attributions.^  For  this  deliberately  insulting  print 
Ireland  began  a  libel  action  against  Steevens,  Gillray,  and  Hannah 
Humphrey,  claiming  ^^5,000  damages,  but  desisted  on  legal  advice.  The 
Anti-Jacobin  was  a  literary  sensation  of  another  kind,  but  the  prints 
relating  to  it  are  political,  though  with  literary  allusions.  Booksellers  and 
publishers  attacked  are  Lackington  and  Stockdale:  Lackington  for  his 
'Temple  of  the  Muses',  naive  autobiography,  and  'puffing  advertisements'. 
In  Effusions  of  the  Heart  (the  title  of  his  daughter's  poems)  Stockdale  is 
attacked  by  Gillray  for  piratical  publishing  and  general  lack  of  principle. 
This  contains  allusions  that  cause  it  to  be  classed  as  political,  showing  that 
he  was  for  a  short  time  in  1798  (perhaps  as  Government  agent)  owner  and 
publisher  of  the  Press,  the  organ  of  the  United  Irishmen.  The  theme  of 
the  poor  poet  and  the  arrogant  bookseller-publisher  is  the  subject  of  a 
plate  by  Rowlandson  (No.  9087). 

Theatrical  prints  are  less  important  than  those  in  Volume  VI.    Opera 
'  See  below,  p.  xliii. 
xxxviii 


INTRODUCTION 

dancers  were  the  subject  of  a  violent  outburst  from  Barrington,  Bishop  of 
Durham,  in  the  House  of  Lords.  He  attacked  them  as  emissaries  from 
France  to  corrupt  our  morals  (by  their  costume  and  poses).  This  occasioned 
a  number  of  prints,  all  ridiculing  the  Bishop  and  his  morality  campaign 
(No.  9297).  Another  theatrical  sensation  was  the  marriage  of  Lord  Derby 
and  Miss  Farren  which  followed  immediately  upon  Lady  Derby's  death 
in  1797.  It  was  the  subject  of  a  number  of  prints  (No.  9074,  &c.)  that  mark 
the  end  of  a  long  series  of  satires,  many  in  execrable  taste,  dating  from 
1 78 1,  on  Lord  Derby's  attachment  to  Eliza  Farren.  The  only  scandal  in 
the  career  of  the  correct  Kemble  is  the  subject  of  No.  8730.  In  A  Theatrical 
Candidate  (No.  9086)  by  Rowlandson  an  ugly  actor  implores  Sheridan  for 
an  engagement.  This  gives  an  opening  for  concise  criticism  of  notable 
actors,  and  also  for  comment  on  Sheridan's  treatment  of  playwrights, 
actors,  and  Drury  Lane  shareholders.  Family  groups  of  French  and  Italian 
dancers,  practising  en  deshabille,  are  the  subject  of  two  charming  plates  by 
Rowlandson,  recent  acquisitions  included  in  the  Addenda  (Nos.  9670, 
9686).  The  contrasted  emotions  registered  by  the  occupants  of  pit  and 
gallery  at  tragedy  and  comedy  were  a  favourite  subject  of  caricature, 
treated  by  Rowlandson  and  Boyne  in  Volume  VI.  In  Nos.  9098  and  9099 
Dighton  depicts  varieties  of  facial  expression  in  the  theatre  in  studies 
of  men's  heads,  and  Cruikshank  represents  a  pit  scene  at  a  tragedy  (No. 

8776). 

Satires  on  graphic  and  plastic  art  are  chiefly  concerned  with  the  Royal 
Academy  and  the  fashionable  portrait-painter.  In  1797  there  was  an 
Academy  sensation  which  gave  Gillray  an  opportunity  for  one  of  his 
complicated  designs  combining  fantasy  with  quasi-realistic  portraiture. 
Titianus  Redivivtis  (No.  9085)  is  a  satire  on  the  'Venetian  Secret',  the  chief 
subject  of  discussion  at  the  opening  of  the  Academy.  In  some  respects  it 
is  a  sequel  to  his  Shakespeare  Sacrificed,  since  it  also  attacks  Boydell's 
grandiose  undertaking.  Many  artists  had  paid  ^^lo  to  a  young  girl,  an  art 
student,  for  the  supposed  secret  of  Titian's  colouring  and  technique,  and 
it  was  agreed  that  the  results  were  harmful.  Seven  R.A.s,  including 
Farington  (though  he  discreetly  ignores  the  subject  in  his  Diary),  were 
known  to  have  bought  the  Secret,  and  many  other  artists  had  also  done  so. 
The  seven  are  depicted,  painting  away,  each  making  remarks  reflecting 
Gillray's  (unfavourable)  opinion  of  his  work,  and,  incidentally,  his  admira- 
tion for  Claude  and  Wilson.  Crowds  of  other  artists  are  indicated,  clamour- 
ing for  the  Secret :  eleven  are  identified  by  name ;  they  include  Lawrence, 
and  though  some  are  now  forgotten  all  have  a  place  in  the  D.N.B.  Eight 
other  artists,  including  Turner  and  Fuseli,  are  honourably  distinguished 
from  the  dupes.  Old  masters  are  represented  by  falling  stars,  expelled  from 
Heaven  by  vulgar  newspaper  puffs.  The  connoisseurs  also  have  their 
place:  Malone,  Abraham  Hume,  Sir  George  Beaumont.  Hoppner,  one  of 
the  seven,  is  also  caricatured  by  Gillray  in  No.  8841.  In  an  illustrated 
acrostic  Wilton  is  attacked  for  his  management  of  the  Academy  Schools 
(No.  8519).  Old  NoUekens  putting  the  finishing  touches  to  one  of  his 
Venuses  is  the  subject  of  a  well-known  plate  by  Rowlandson.  The  fashion- 
able portrait-painter  is  ridiculed  in  No.  9639  (an  echo  of  the  portrait  of 
the  Primrose  family)  and  in  one  of  the  plates  to  his  Comforts  of  Bath 
(No.  9321).  His  Artist  travelling  in  Wales  (No.  9445)  is  a  realistic  study  of 
the  artist  on  a  sketching  tour  in  the  wilds  of  Wales. 

Prints  on  musical  subjects  are  chiefly  concerned  with  the  amateur.  The 
painful  singing  of  the  elderly  spinster  is  the  subject  of  three  prints  (Nos. 

xxxix 


INTRODUCTION 

8381,  8764,  9307).  The  atrociously  bad  accompanist  is  the  subject  of 
No.  9586.  The  country  caller  who  appropriates  the  piano  to  the  boredom 
of  her  hosts  is  the  subject  of  The  Vicar's  Visit  returned!  (No.  9481).  A 
well-known  print  by  Gillray,  A  Country  Concert; — or — An  Evening's 
Entertainment  in  Sussex  (No.  9306),  has  been  explained  as  Mrs.  Billington 
singing  and  playing  for  the  Duke  of  Sussex,  the  other  instruments  being 
'cello,  flute,  and  violin.  This  interpretation  forgets  that  Prince  Augustus 
was  not  yet  Duke  of  Sussex,  while  his  association  with  Mrs.  Billington  (at 
this  time  in  Italy)  was  some  twenty  years  later.  In  Savoyards  of  Fashion  or 
the  Musical  Mania  of  lygg  (No.  9459)  five  ladies  (probably  portraits)  play 
instruments  generally  associated  with  street  music:  hurdy-gurdy,  tam- 
bourine, &c.  The  fashionable  private  concert  is  a  secondary  subject  of 
No.  9404,  a  print  on  Sunday  observance.  A  concert  at  Bath  is  one  of  the 
plates  to  No.  9321. 

Medical  satires  are  generally  concerned  with  the  appearance  and  foibles 
of  the  old-fashioned  physician,  or  his  younger  and  more  modishly  dressed 
colleague.  A  typical  print  of  burlesque  character  is  Doctors  differ  and  their 
Patients  die  (No.  8590).  More  realistic  is  Rowlandson's  print  of  three 
doctors  in  attendance  on  a  patient  at  Bath  (No.  9321).  But  one  medical 
subject  of  great  importance  is  illustrated,  the  attempt  of  the  surgeons  to 
replace  their  City  Company  (which  expired  through  neglect  in  1796)  by 
a  College  of  Surgeons.  Their  Bill  was  defeated  by  the  opposition  of  the 
remnants  of  the  old  Company,  small  practitioners  of  little  education,  and 
by  a  violent  speech  by  Lord  Thurlow.  The  difficulty  was  overcome  soon 
afterwards  by  the  grant  of  a  Charter.  The  prints  reflect  the  unpopularity 
of  surgeons  who  are  represented  as  ruthless  hackers  and  slashers,  profiteers, 
and  (inconsistently)  associates  of  barbers  (No.  9092,  &c.).  Thurlow 
accused  them  of  'merciless  cruelty'.  There  are  two  symbolical  representa- 
tions of  disease:  a  famous  plate  by  Gillray  on  gout  (No.  9448)  and  Newton's 
The  Blue  Devils  (No.  8745)  on  hypochondria. 

The  lawyer  is  more  harshly  treated  than  the  doctor.  He  is  peculiarly  and 
traditionally  associated  with  the  Devil,  cf.  A  Lawyer  and  his  Agent  by 
Dighton  (No.  8394).  His  typical  clients,  John  Doe  and  Richard  Roe,  are 
the  subject  of  two  prints  and  are  alluded  to  in  two  others  (No.  8912).  More 
specifically,  his  client  is  generally  a  countryman,  as  in  No.  8393,  by 
Rowlandson,  where  a  booby  squire  sits  in  consultation  with  five  barristers, 
or  in  The  Attorney  (No.  9486).  Lord  Abington  expressed  similar  views  of 
his  (former)  solicitor  and  of  lawyers  in  general  in  a  speech  in  the  Lords, 
calling  them  'pettifogging  attornies'  and  'rotten  limbs  of  the  law'.  He  sent 
this  challenge  to  the  profession  to  the  newspapers,  even  paying  for  its 
insertion.  The  result  was  a  criminal  information,  imprisonment,  and  fine 
(No.  8520).  Erskine's  speeches  in  crim.  con.  cases  are  satirized  in  No. 
8374 ;  it  is  true  that  these  oddly  anticipate  Mr.  Serjeaunt  Buzfuz. 

The  prevalence  of  suits  of  crim.  con,  (see  index)  is  a  favourite  topic, 
especially  in  relation  to  the  large  damages  awarded,  which  made  such 
suits,  it  is  said,  a  profitable  speculation.  Faro  tables  as  a  means  of  making 
money  resorted  to  by  women  of  fashion  became  notorious  in  1791  (No. 
8075).  They  were  run  on  a  business  footing  by  Lady  Buckinghamshire 
and  others.  Kenyon  declared  in  court  that  if  'the  highest  ladies  of  the 
land*  should  be  convicted  before  him  of  illegal  gaming  they  should 
'certainly  exhibit  themselves  in  the  pillory'.  Thereupon  the  chief  practi- 
tioners were  so  exhibited  in  caricature  as  Faro's  Daughters  (No.  8876,  &c.). 
This  had  a  sequel  in  the  following  year.    Two  footmen,  dismissed  on 


INTRODUCTION 

suspicion  of  having  stolen  the  faro  bank  belonging  to  Lady  Buckingham- 
shire and  her  partners,  informed  against  them  for  illegal  gaming.  Fines 
were  imposed  in  the  police  court,  but  the  caricaturists  depicted  Kenyon 
carrying  out  his  threat.  The  degeneracy  of  the  age,  on  account  of  fashionable 
vices  and  extravagance,  as  compared  with  Elizabethan  times,  is  the  subject 
of  Days  of  Yore!!  and  The  Days  we  live  in!!  by  Woodward  (Nos.  9104, 9105). 

Parsons  are  generally  depicted  as  gross  and  carbuncled,  or  young,  sleek, 
fashionable,  ingratiating.  Woodward  makes  great  play  with  both  types.  In 
his  Symptoms  of  Divinity  (No.  9643)  parsons  are  shown  in  eight  different 
circumstances,  all  discreditable.  Twelve  types  of  preacher  are  depicted 
in  Parsonic  Piety  (No.  9647).  The  guzzling  parson  is  the  subject  of  No. 
8323.  The  Battle  of  Bangor  (No.  8881)  is  one  of  two  prints  on  a  deplorable 
incident  in  the  history  of  the  diocese.  On  the  whole,  the  attitude  to  the 
Church  and  the  parson,  and  the  relative  immunity  of  the  dissenter,  seem 
to  reflect  a  more  radical  viewpoint  than  would  be  expected  in  a  period 
generally  associated  with  Tory  reaction.  Other  stock  subjects  of  caricature 
are  the  Scot,  the  Irishman,  the  Welshman  (one  print  only,  A  Welch 
Justice,  No.  9651),  and  the  Jew.  The  Scot  (No.  8550)  climbs  from  abject 
poverty  to  the  House  of  Lords ;  he  is  an  unpleasant  character,  with  a  sly 
thrust  at  Dundas,  who  throughout  personifies  the  Scot  in  politics.  The 
Irishman  is  primarily  a  man  of  pleasure,  brawler,  gambler,  and  spend- 
thrift ;  he  too  rises  from  the  humblest  origins,  but  comes  to  a  violent  end 
(No.  8562).  The  Irish  peasant  is  ignorant,  absurd,  and  callous  (Nos.  8747, 
8748).  Jews  are  money-lenders,  stockbrokers,  pedlars,  or  dealers  in  old 
clothes.  The  English  counterpart  of  these  characters  (besides  John  Bull) 
is  the  *cit',  the  subject  of  many  prints  in  which  he  appears  in  his  traditional 
parts:  he  is  a  guzzling  alderman  (e.g.  No.  9472),  he  rides  or  drives,  always 
clumsy  and  sometimes  aping  the  manners  of  St.  James's  (No.  9466).  He 
fishes  in  the  New  River,  he  learns  to  dance,  he  is  a  pert  commercial  traveller. 
The  'snug  box*  (traditionally  at  Islington)  is  depicted  by  Nixon  (No.  8556). 
The  cit's  Sunday  outing  includes  the  tramp  to  the  ordinary  at  a  suburban 
tavern,  and  the  guzzling  that  goes  on  there  (Nos.  8405,  8515),  as  well  as  the 
family  party  in  a  tea-garden  (No.  8934).  He  is  a  volunteer,  suffering  in  a 
riding-school  (No.  8476)  or  drilling  in  his  shop  (p.  515).  There  are  two 
sets  of  four  prints  on  the  cockney  sportsman  in  the  fields  round  London, 
one  by  Gillray  after  an  amateur  (No.  9596,  &c.).  In  one  print  only  there 
is  an  element  of  tragedy :  a  prosperous  citizen  has  retired  to  the  country  to 
find  that,  despite  his  coach  and  a  comely  wife  and  pretty  daughter,  he  is 
visited  by  no  one  (No.  9500). 

More  realistic  studies  of  social  life  include  the  street  scenes  in  Rowland- 
son's  Cries  of  London  (No.  9474,  &c.)  and  his  charming  'Entries  of  London' 
(No.  93 17,  &c.),  views  outside  turnpike  gates.  A  crowd  gazes  at  a  Punch  and 
Judy  show  in  No.  8774.  There  are  also  the  plates  to  Woodward's  Eccentric 
Excursion,  whose  note  is  humorous  realism  and  local  character.  (Some 
purely  topographical  plates  have  not  been  catalogued.)  The  departure  of 
the  Margate  packet  and  the  landing  of  the  passengers  are  depicted  in 
Nos.  8400,  8401 .  In  contrast  with  Volumes  V  and  VI  there  are  no  prints  on 
Cambridge,  several  on  Oxford.  Three  very  amateurish  little  etchings  show 
undergraduates  (university  not  specified)  in  their  college  rooms  (No.  9656, 
&c.).  The  two  prints  on  Christmas  festivities  (Nos.  8587,  9661)  both 
illustrate  kissing  under  the  mistletoe.  These  are  interesting  from  their 
date.  It  is  said  that  the  practice  did  not  begin  before  the  early  years  of  the 
nineteenth  century. 

zli 


INTRODUCTION 

These  caricatures  are  an  important  source  for  the  history  of  costume. 
The  limp  high-waisted  dress  associated  with  the  Directory  and  the 
Empire  makes  its  first  appearance  in  1793.  It  is  still  a  matter  of  controversy 
whether  it  originated  in  France  or  in  England,  though  it  owes  much  to 
David,  and  is  especially  associated,  in  its  more  transparent  form,  with 
Mme  Tallien.  It  appears  here  as  the  innovation  of  Lady  Charlotte 
Campbell,  who  caused  much  comment  early  in  1793  by  appearing  in  a  dress 
intended  to  imitate  the  draperies  of  a  statue,  with  a  swelling  below  the 
waist,  and  much  exposed  or  defined  breasts.  The  pad,  which  gave  the 
swelling  the  form  of  pregnancy  (or  was  said  to  do  so)  was  a  popular  topic 
in  1793,  and  was  even  the  subject  of  a  play  (No.  8388).  Dresses  with  very 
high  waists  and  puflFed  sleeves,  worn  with  tall  feathers  in  the  hair,  were 
characteristic  of  1794.  In  1795  there  were  two  novelties,  the  turban 
(No.  8755)  and  the  parasol  with  the  jointed  stick,  anticipating  the  Victorian 
carriage  parasol  (No.  8754).  Bunches  of  straw  and  straw  trimmings 
generally  were  worn  in  1795,  perhaps  in  support  of  the  straw-plait  industry 
which  was  much  patronized  by  charitable  ladies  during  the  war  (No.  8756). 
The  high-waisted  dress  was  at  its  most  shapeless  during  1794  and  1795.  In 
1796-7  the  transparency  of  women's  dress  became  the  chief  topic.  Scanty 
and  diaphanous  dress  is  the  subject  of  Gillray's  Ladies  Dress,  asitsoonzoillbe 
(No.  8896),  a  print  mentioned  by  Mathias,  in  a  note  to  his  Pursuits  of 
Literature,  as  a  deserved  satire  on  the  dress  of  the  period.  These  anticipa- 
tions of  what  came  to  be  known  as  Empire  fashions  brought  with  them  the 
cross-gartered  sandal  or  low  shoe  (cothurne)  (No.  9328).  The  wig  simulat- 
ing natural  hair  and  worn  on  a  shaved  head  by  both  men  and  women  is  the 
subject  of  No.  9313.  The  reticule,  'ridicule',  or  balantine  was  a  develop- 
ment of  the  necessary  disappearance  of  the  old-fashioned  pocket  from 
clinging  draperies ;  it  was  a  minor  topic  of  the  day  in  both  London  and 
Paris  (No.  9577).  The  fashion  for  thin  transparent  dresses  introduced  new 
developments  in  underclothes  (No.  9456),  influenced  by  a  very  cold 
winter  in  1799-1800,  see  Boreas  effecting  what  Health  &  Modesty  could  not 
(No.  9608).  Men's  fashions  satirized  here  are  the  spencer  (also  worn  by 
women)  and  cropped  hair  (Nos.  8628,  8763);  both  had  appeared  earlier  but 
were  revived  and  popularized.  The  Incroyable  was  a  dress  fashionable  in 
Paris  in  1796,  apparently  under  the  impression  that  it  was  an  English 
mode:  its  characteristics  are  a  loose  coat  with  large  revers  and  bulky 
swathed  neckcloth  (much  worn  in  England)  with  top-boots.  In  a  French 
print,  No.  8833,  Malmesbury  wears  this  dress  (which  was  also  depicted  as 
an  emigre  fashion,  worn  at  Coblenz)  as  an  Englishman  in  contrast  with 
the  more  elegant  Frenchman.  In  1799  a  very  ugly  fashion  for  men  is  here 
caricatured  as  French.  Its  chief  features  were  a  wrinkled  coat  with  high 
collar  much  padded  and  inflated  sleeves  gathered  at  the  armhole,  known  as 
a  Jean  de  Bry,  and  worn  with  tasselled  Hessian  boots  (No.  9425).  Skefling- 
ton,  the  fop  par  excellence  of  the  early  nineteenth  century,  makes  his  first 
appearance  in  caricature  in  a  peculiarly  ugly  form  of  this  dress  worn  with 
powdered  hair  and  large  dark  whiskers  (No.  9440).  The  feminine  fashions 
were  a  coalscuttle  scoop  of  straw  which  hid  the  face,  so  that  its  wearers 
were  known  in  Paris  as  Les  Invisibles,  and  a  small  straw  cap,  just  covering 
the  head,  sometimes  shaped  as  a  jockey-cap  (No.  9454). 

As  before,  social  injustice  is  only  by  exception  a  subject  of  graphic 
satire.  A  new  spirit,  a  greater  awareness,  is,  however,  apparent  in  satires 
classed  as  political.  The  appointment  of  Fast  Days,  with  prayers  for  the 
success  of  British  arms,  evoked  a  telling  contrast  between  a  dinner  at 

xlii 


INTRODUCTION 

Lambeth  Palace  and  the  bare  table  of  a  poor  weaver's  family  in  Spitalfields : 
in  Coleridge's  words  'a  turbot  feast  for  the  rich,  and  their  usual  scanty 
morsel  for  the  poor'  (No.  8428).  A  bitter  attack  on  the  callous  charities 
of  the  rich  who  reduce  their  consumption  of  bread  is  made  by  Gillray 
in  Substitutes  for  Bread; — or — Right  Honourables  saving  the  Loaves,  & 
dividing  the  Fishes  (No.  8707),  while  his  comparative  list  of  wages  and 
prices  in  No.  8665  is  a  documented  approach  to  the  problem  of  poverty. 
The  dictum  that  the  law  is  the  same  for  rich  and  poor  is  ridiculed  in 
No.  9636.  More  traditional  themes  are  imprisonment  for  debt  (see  index), 
and  the  vestry  feast  at  which  the  parish  vestry  guzzle  at  the  expense  of 
the  poor  rate,  while  the  poor  starve  (Nos.  8770,  9639).  In  Newton's 
A  Row  at  a  Cock  and  Hen  Club  a  characteristic  scene  of  the  London 
underworld  is  represented,  probably  with  realism  though  with  a  touch  of 
decorative  burlesque  (No.  9309). 

Artists. 

In  this  volume  Gillray's  supremacy  in  political  caricature  is  more 
apparent  than  ever:  there  are  also  many  interesting  plates  on  non-political 
subjects.  His  output  too  surpasses  that  of  any  other  artist,  while  in 
1784-92  it  was  less  than  that  of  Rowlandson  and  almost  equalled  by  Dent.^ 
His  line  has  already  lost  something  of  the  mastery  apparent  circa  1786-8, 
and  conspicuous  in  (e.g.)  Nos.  701 1,  7298,  but  his  fantasy,  irony,  inventive- 
ness, and  political  insight  are  at  their  height.  His  use  of  pseudonyms,  and 
of  imaginary  draftsmen  who  allegedly  supply  him  with  designs,  is  charac- 
teristic of  his  love  of  sardonic  mystification.  In  this  spirit  he  used  Sayers's 
signature  for  plates  parodying  those  of  Sayers,^  attributed  libellous  verses 
to  the  recently  deceased  Mason, ^  and  ascribed  his  set  of  Egyptian  Sketches 
to  the  intercepted  drawings  of  'an  ingenious  young  artist  attached  to  the 
Institut  National  at  Cairo'  (No.  9355).  Thomas  Humphrey,  aged  thirteen, 
becomes  the  draftsman  of  three  plates  with  a  pseudo-childishness  of  line 
and  conception.  No.  8381,  probably  by  Gillray,  has  a  shaky  technique  that 
cruelly  conveys  the  quavering  voice  of  an  elderly  woman.  Prints  of  the 
Archduke  Charles  and  Suvoroff,  clearly  not  from  life,  are  inscribed  'drawn 
from  life  by  Lieut.  Swarts  of  the  Imperial  Barco  Regiment'.  A  similar 
spirit  inspires  the  insulting  ad  vivam  deP  et  fecit  of  No.  881 1.  'Miss  Mary 
Stokes',  who  ostensibly  drew  Gillray's  Paris  Beau  and  Belle  (Nos.  8430, 
8431),  has  probably  no  more  substance  than  Lieutenant  Swarts,  but  covers 
a  certain  amateurishness  that  heightens  the  ferocity  of  the  conception: 
conceivably  she  is  one  of  the  amateurs  whose  work  was  etched  by  Gillray. 
'Thomas  Adams'  appears,  like  'John  Schoebert',  a  mere  pseudonym, 
though  probably  having  some  cryptic  significance.  'Henry  C — L  may  be 
an  allusion  to  the  subject  of  No.  8896.  Some  of  the  drawings  supplied  to 
Gillray  by  amateurs  are  in  the  Print  Room:  they  vary  from  the  rudi- 
mentary sketch  (No.  9184)  to  the  drawing  which  is  fairly  closely  followed 
(No.  8892).  In  other  cases  there  is  documentary  evidence  as  to  the 
originator  or  designer  (Nos.  8682,  9423).  Amateurs  with  some  individual 
status  are  noticed  below. 

From  1793  to  1797  the  work  of  Rowlandson  is  scanty,  chiefly  represented 
by  reissues  of  earlier  plates,  and  by  etchings  after  Woodward  in  which 

'  The  British  Museum  possesses  a  more  nearly  complete  collection  of  Gillray 
than  of  any  other  caricaturist  of  the  period  except  Sayers. 

*  See  Volume  VI,  p.  xxx.  '  See  above,  p.  xxxviii. 

xliii 


INTRODUCTION 

his  own  manner  is  subordinated.  In  1798  there  is  a  new  impetus  from 
scenes  of  military  Hfe,  with  plates  on  the  Volunteers  and  on  the  Army.  The 
interesting  topographical  plates  of  turnpike  gates  round  London  (No.  9317, 
&c.)  have  many  details  of  Army  life.  This  renewed  activity  may  owe 
something  to  Ackermann's  appearance  as  a  printseller;  at  first  he  was  as 
closely  associated  with  Rowlandson  as  Hannah  Humphrey  with  Gillray. 
This  period  of  Rowlandson's  work  in  caricature  and  humorous  genre  is 
transitional  between  his  earlier  work,  represented  here  in  the  Addenda, 
and  his  later  manner,  as  for  instance  the  Dr.  Syntax  plates. 

For  Dighton  too  the  period  is  transitional.'  The  finished  water-colours 
with  whole-length  figures  that  he  had  done  for  Bowles's  series  of  mezzotints 
come  to  an  end.  Perhaps  the  last  is  No.  8416,  though  the  half-length 
types  in  the  series  of  small  mezzotints  continue  for  a  year  or  two  longer, 
and  the  small  portrait  heads  or  half-lengths  also  continue  to  about  1795.  In 
1794  the  series  of  whole-length  caricature  portraits  etched  by  himself 
begins  with  a  caricature  of  Stephen  Kemble.  In  1796  there  is  a  caricature, 
unlike  his  other  work,  and  seemingly  an  imitation  of  Woodward  (No.  8912). 
In  1797  and  1798  he  produced  several  interesting  political  caricatures  with 
some  characteristics  of  both  his  earlier  water-colours  and  his  etched 
portraits,  which  are  yet  unlike  both,  and  seem  to  be  experimental  (Nos. 
8996,  9047,  9098,  9216,  9222,  9687).  In  1799  he  reverts  to  portraiture  with 
two  theatrical  portraits,  scarcely  caricatures,  and  the  well-known  series  is 
launched.  His  very  interesting  Westminster  Election  scene  of  1796 
(containing  a  self-portrait)  was  etched  by  Bate  and  afterwards  mezzo- 
tinted by  Sadd  (No.  8815). 

The  work  of  Isaac  Cruikshank  continues  on  the  same  lines  as  in  Volume 
VI,  perhaps  gaining  facility,  but  he  is  always  a  very  variable  artist.  He 
etched  much  of  Woodward's  work  and  did  designs  which  were  engraved 
for  Laurie  and  Whittle's  series  of  'Drolls',  besides  the  caricatures  which  he 
both  designed  and  etched.  He  has  the  distinction  of  having  produced  the 
first  English  caricature  of  Napoleon.  In  this  volume  Cruikshank  denotes 
Isaac:  the  name  of  George  (born  1792)  appears  as  the  copyist  on  a  tiny 
scale  of  plates  by  Gillray  and  of  one  by  Rowlandson  for  a  work  which 
Hone  intended  to  publish  as  a  defence  of  his  Political  Litany  (though  the 
relevance  of  some  of  the  plates  selected  is  obscure).  The  book  was  pre- 
sumably given  up  on  Hone's  acquittal  in  18 17.  Reduced  copies  of  many  of 
Gillray 's  plates  were  published  in  i8i8.  One  of  these^  is  attributed  to 
Cruikshank  by  Reid,  who  apparently  did  not  know  that  it  was  one  of  a  set. 
If  the  attribution  is  correct,  and  there  is  no  reason  to  dispute  it  on  grounds 
of  style,  many,  probably  all,  of  the  other  copies  must  be  by  him.  The 
attribution  has  therefore  been  noticed  in  the  Index. 

Richard  Newton's  work  gains  in  power  in  this  volume.  He  was  a 
miniaturist  as  well  as  a  caricaturist,  and  he  has  two  manners,  one  grotesque 
and  bold,  the  other  realistic,  conventional,  and  rather  charming,  used 
occasionally,  as  in  No.  8552.  Both  manners  are  fused  in  a  design  which 
admirably  combines  realism  and  decorativeness,  No.  9309,  done  in  the 
last  year  of  his  life,  for  he  unfortunately  died  in  1798  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one.  His  work  suggests  that  his  sympathies  were  with  the  democrats,  and 
he  drew  portrait  groups  from  life  of  the  political  prisoners  in  Newgate  in 
1793.  The  work  of  Dent  disappears  in  1793 ;  his  last  plate  is  also  his  most 
ambitious  (No.  8350).    Two  new  caricaturists  appear  in  this  volume, 

'  See  H.  M.  Hake,  'Dighton  Caricatures',  The  Print  Collector's  Quarterly,  xiii. 
1 36  ff.  ^  A  Kick  at  the  Broad  Bottoms,  23  Mar.  1 807. 

xliv 


INTRODUCTION 

Cawse  and  Ansell.  Cawse  is  mainly  known  as  a  portrait-painter  and  he 
exhibited  at  the  Academy  from  1801  to  1844;  his  caricatures  belong  to  the 
earlier  part  of  his  life.  The  caricaturist  known  as  Ansell  presents  some 
difficulties.  His  work,  which  is  individual  and  easy  to  recognize,  at  all  events 
in  its  earlier  period,  begins  in  1797.  His  identity  as  Ansell  depends  on 
attributions  made  by  E,  Hawkins  on  prints  now  in  the  British  Museum.'  It 
has  been  assumed  that  he  is  identical  with  Charles  Ansell,  who  exhibited  at 
the  Royal  Academy  in  1780  and  1781,  and  whose  Death  of  a  Race  Horse  was 
engraved  in  six  plates  in  1784.  There  is  a  charming  water-colour  by  him  in 
the  Print  Room,  and  four  signed  plates  in  this  volume,  the  last  in  1796.  All 
are  social  subjects,  and  there  is  no  obvious  connexion  between  this  work 
and  the  political  satires  of  'Ansell'  which  begin  in  1797  and  continue  at 
least  into  the  second  decade  of  the  nineteenth  century.  There  may  there- 
fore be  two  Ansells,  and  a  (hypothetical)  distinction  has  been  made  in  the 
Index  between  Charles  Ansell  and  Ansell.  The  latter  may  be  identical  with 
James  K.  Ansell  who  drew,  engraved,  and  published  a  plate  called  A 
Flemish  Diligence.  This  has  the  imprint  'Drawn  &  Engrav'd  by  James  K. 
Ansell  at  Brussells,  March  1794.  London,  Sep.  8,  1794  Publish'd  for 
J.  K.  Ansell  at  N"  9  Clement's  Inn'.^  This  has  a  scratchy  amateurishness 
unlike  the  later  prints,  but  might  well  be  a  juvenile  effort  of  the  later  artist, 
whose  work  is  competent,  and  politically  intelligent  and  well  informed.  He 
also  did  non-political  plates  in  a  similar  manner.  West  is  another  puzzling 
artist.  Several  artists  of  this  name  were  working  in  England,  and  not  all 
the  plates  inscribed  'West'  by  E.  Hawkins  appear  to  be  by  the  same  hand. 
Two  plates  of  1787  attributed  by  Hawkins  to  West  and  by  Grego  to 
Rowlandson  (Nos.  8260,  8261)  are  in  the  manner  of  Raphael  West. 

Caricaturists  who  in  different  ways  are  to  some  degree  amateurs  are 
Woodward,  Sayers,  Bunbury,  and  Nixon.  Woodward  was  an  untrained 
artist,  who  never  etched  his  own  designs,  and  was  the  son  of  William 
Woodward,  of  Stanton  Hall,  Derbyshire,  a  large  house,  still  standing.^ 
He  makes  a  very  considerable  figure  in  caricature ;  he  was  original,  prolific, 
and  varied.  He  was  also  a  humorous  writer,  and  his  plates  clearly  owed 
much  of  their  popularity  to  the  inscriptions.  It  would  appear  from  the 
titles  to  Tegg's  Caricature  Magazine  that  circa  1807-9  his  prestige  as  a 
caricaturist  was  greater  than  that  of  Rowlandson,  who  etched  many  of  his 
designs.  There  are  some  interesting  plates  by  Sayers  in  1794  and  1795, 
but  after  1795  his  work  appears  only  at  rare  intervals.  The  work  of  Bunbury 
is  almost  over,  and  perhaps  all  the  prints  in  the  volume  except  No.  8619 
(from  a  drawing  of  1794)  are  from  earlier  drawings  or  are  copies  or  reissues 
of  earlier  plates.  Nixon,  who  had  a  position  of  some  importance  in  the 
Bank  of  England,*  only  produced  an  occasional  caricature.  He  was  an 
exhibitor  at  the  Academy,  and  his  vein  was  chiefly  social  comedy,  but  he 
did  a  large  and  elaborate  design  on  the  French  Revolution,  French  Liberty 
(No.  8334),  much  admired  by  the  de  Goncourts. 

The  work  of  the  occasional  amateur,  less  in  Volume  VI  than  in  Volume 
V,  has  become  still  less  frequent,  though  many  doubtless  supplied  hints 
and  sketches  to  the  professionals  and  the  printsellers.  One  of  Gillray's 
most  popular  plates  on  costume  is  from  a  drawing  by  Miss  Aynscombe. 

'  See  Broadley,  i.  45. 

^  A.  de  R.,  ii.  126. 

3  Information  from  Mr.  F.  Williamson,  curator  of  the  Museum  and  Art  Gallery, 
Derby. 

^  Miss  Banks  has  endorsed  a  print  'By  Mr.  Nixon  of  the  Bank'.  See  also  B.M. 
Add.  MSS.  27337,  f.  156. 

xlv 


INTRODUCTION 

Maria  Carolina  Temple,  who  is  represented  in  the  British  Museum  by  a 
pleasant  humorous  water-colour,  designed  two  plates.  Brownlow  North, 
second  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  designed  some  well-known  comic 
plates  etched  by  Gillray.  The  first  of  these  appeared  in  1800,  notably  a  set 
of  four  hunting  scenes  (No.  9588,  &c.).  While  he  was  at  Cambridge  some 
of  his  drawings  were  etched  by  Baldrey,  and  three  are  catalogued  here, 
published  in  1798  and  1799.  Another  amateur  of  similar  calibre,  and  with 
a  similar  vein  of  broad  comedy,  whose  work  was  etched  by  Gillray  is 
*I.  [J.]  C.  Esq""',  a  signature  later  expanded  to  'J.  C*^.' 

Among  foreign  artists  represented  here  the  most  outstanding  is  David. 
He  was  commissioned  by  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety  to  employ  *les 
talens  et  les  moyens  qui  sont  en  son  pouvoir,  a  multiplier  les  gravures  et  les 
caricatures  qui  peuvent  reveiller  I'esprit  public  et  faire  sentir  combien  sont 
atroces  et  ridicules  les  ennemis  de  la  liberte  et  de  la  republique'.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  David  carried  out  these  instructions  by  two  plates ; 
one  is  a  schoolboy  conception  of  the  British  Army  as  ridiculous  and 
contemptible  (No.  8462),  the  other  'represente  le  Gouvernement  anglais 
sous  la  forme  d'une  horrible  et  chimerique  figure,  revetu  de  tous  ses 
ornements  royaux''  (No.  8463).  The  Committee  ordered  1,000  impressions 
of  each  caricature.  A  German  artist,  Starcke  of  Weimar,  is  known  only  for 
the  plates  he  engraved  for  London  und  Paris ;  these  were  all  copies  of  English 
or  French  prints,  chiefly  by  Gillray.  He  was  an  accurate,  almost  a  slavish, 
copyist,  with  no  freedom  of  line ;  he  occasionally  combines  two  plates  by 
introducing  a  second  copy  on  a  minute  scale  in  the  form  of  a  placard  or 
picture  within  the  first  design. 

Printsellers  and  Publishers. 

Though  many  names  appear  in  the  Index  only  a  minority  represent 
printshops,  and  still  fewer  the  shops  specializing  in  caricatures.  The  index 
is  strictly  speaking  one  of  imprints,  so  that  many  booksellers  are  included 
whose  names  are  on  plates  to  the  books  they  published.  In  this  volume  a 
list  is  given,  for  the  sake  of  convenience,  of  the  periodicals  whose  plates 
are  catalogued ;  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  Anti-Jacobin  is  not  included :  the 
illustrations  to  it  were  not  plates  to  the  paper. 

The  caricature  printshops  in  this  volume  are  Humphrey,  Fores,  Holland, 
Aitken,  Bowles  and  Carver,  Sayer,  who  was  succeeded  by  Laurie  and 
Whittle  in  1794,  Ackermann,  and  Allen.  Humphrey  for  the  first  time  rises 
to  the  front  rank  as  the  exclusive  publisher  of  Gillray's  plates.  She  also 
published  Sayers's  work  during  this  period.  In  1797  she  moved  from  Bond 
Street  to  the  well-known  shop  in  St.  James's  Street,  depicted  by  Gillray  in 
Very  Slippy-Weather  (10  Feb.  1808).  Her  only  rival  was  Fores,  who, 
unlike  herself,  published  the  work  of  many  artists,  including  Rowlandson 
and  Cruikshank,  but  none  exclusively.  His  Caricature  Exhibition,  which 
began  in  1789,  ended  in  1794.  In  March  1793  he  added  to  the  attractions 
of  'the  head  and  hand  of  Count  Struensee'^  *a  correct  Model  of  the 
Guillotine,  6  feet  high'.  After  January  1794  this  object  ceases  to  figure  in 
his  imprints;  the  Exhibition  is  not  advertised  after  12  October  1794,  when 
it  is  said  to  have  been  'just  fitted  up  in  an  entire  novel  stile'.  Fores 
specialized  in  supplying  complete  collections  of  caricatures,  and  there  are 
indications  that  the  large  collection  in  twenty  volumes  so  kindly  lent 
to  the  Department  by  Mr.  Anthony  de  Rothschild  was  supplied  by  Fores. 

*  Archives  Nationales,  quoted  Blum,  p.  195.  *  See  Vol.  VI,  p.  xxxiv. 

xlvi 


INTRODUCTION 

The  order  given  to  him  by  Mr.  Johnes  of  Hafod,  Cardiganshire,  for  'all  the 
caricature  prints  that  have  ever  been  published'  has  already  been  noted.'' 
He  also  advertised  'Books  of  Caricatures'  and  'Folio's  of  Caricatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening'.  In  1795  he  moved  from  Number  3  Piccadilly 
to  Number  50,  'the  Corner  of  Sackville  Street',  where  the  firm  remained 
till  the  house  was  pulled  down  a  year  or  two  ago.  Holland's  output 
shows  a  falling  off  in  this  volume.  In  1793  he  was  imprisoned  in  Newgate 
for  a  political  offence  (see  No.  8342).  Aitken  was  always  a  secondary 
printseller,  and  his  output  shrinks  during  the  period.  Ackermann  opened 
a  printshop  in  the  Strand  in  1795,  but  does  not  seem  at  first  to  heve 
published  caricatures.  At  all  events,  the  first  appearance  of  his  name  on 
these  prints  is  in  1798,  and  in  this  volume  his  output  is  restricted  to  the 
work  of  Rowlandson  (though  he  did  not  publish  all  his  work)  and  to  plates 
which  though  humorous  are  scarcely  caricatures.  On  27  November  1797 
he  advertised  in  the  Morning  Herald  his  removal  from  96  to  loi  Strand, 
finding  his  present  establishment  'too  confined,  from  a  continued  encourage- 
ment by  the  Nobility,  the  Gentry,  and  the  Public  in  general  for  several 
years'. 

The  City  printshops  of  Bowles  and  of  Laurie  and  Whittle  are  in  a 
different  category.  They  produced  comic  prints,  rarely  political  carica- 
tures, for  a  clientele  that  was  certainly  not  that  of  St.  James's;  the  'Drolls' 
of  Laurie  and  Whittle  were  advertised  as  suitable  for  sale  by  country 
booksellers.  Both  were  very  ancient  firms.  The  former  was  in  existence  by 
1709  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard.^  Carington  Bowles  died  in  1793  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son  Carington  who  carried  on  the  business  as  Bowles  and 
Carver.  The  series  of  humorous  mezzotints  known  as  'Postures*  continued 
to  be  sold,  dates  were  obliterated,  and  prints  were  issued  with  altered 
imprint  and  date  during  the  later  *9o's.  The  last  of  the  series  appearing 
in  this  Catalogue  is  Number  3768  (see  p.  145),  published  17  February  1794. 
The  smaller  series  can  only  be  dated  approximately,  but  prints  were  issued 
after  the  hair-powder  tax  of  1795.  Laurie  and  Whittle  succeeded  Robert 
Sayer,  who  died  at  Bath,  29  June  1794.  The  Fleet-street  shop  was  that  of 
the  very  ancient  business  of  the  Overton  family  at  the  Golden  Buck.^  They 
continued  the  series  of  'Drolls'  begun  by  Sayer  and  issued  a  catalogue  in 
1795  which  includes  many  of  the  Bowles  mezzotints.  Besides  this  numbered 
series  which  went  on  for  many  years,  there  is  a  similar  set,  not  numbered, 
and  in  broadside  form  with  verses  engraved  or  printed  beneath  the  design 
(e.g.  Nos.  9503,  9504).  M.  Allen  of  15  Paternoster  Row  published  a  few 
prints,  all  by  Cruikshank ;  his  imprint  succeeds  that  of  Allen  and  West,  or 
Allen  &  Co.,  the  firm  which  published  Woodward's  Eccentric  Excursion. 
He  was  afterwards  a  publisher  of  Napoleonic  broadsides. 

Newton  opened  a  printshop  which  he  called  'his  Original  Print  Shop', 
but  he  apparently  published  only  his  own  prints  and  by  no  means  all  of 
those.  Kay  sold  his  prints  at' his  own  shop  in  Edinburgh,  Dighton  pub- 
lished his  at  12  Charing  Cross,  but  the  place  was  probably  more  studio  than 
shop.  Dent  published  his  own  plates,  but  sold  his  prints  through  the 
printsellers,  Aitken  at  this  period.  Baldrey,  Dickinson,  and  Aiken  were 
artists  who  were  also  printsellers.  Luffmann  and  Jenner  appear  to  have 
been  engravers  who  occasionally  published  prints  of  their  own.  Many 
artists  occasionally  published  their  own  plates.  Rowlandson  did  so  before 
and  after  the  period  of  this  volume,  but  his  imprint  does  not  appear  in  it. 
It  is  interesting  to  find  Henry  Angelo  publishing  an  important  plate  by  his 
'  See  above,  pp.  xvi-xvii.        *  See  Vol.  V,  pp.  xxxvii-xxxviii.        ^  Ibid.,p.  xxxviii. 

xlvii 


INTRODUCTION 

friend  Rowlandson.  Gillray's  publishing  venture  has  been  noted.'  He  had 
previously  published  one  or  two  plates. 

Few  prints  were  published  outside  London.  There  was  Kay  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  Baldrey  who  published  in  Cambridge  had  also  a  shop  in  Holborn. 
One  plate  has  the  imprint  of  Turton,  Manchester.  In  Dublin  there  was 
McCleary,  afterwards  notorious  for  his  piracies ;  his  name  appears  on  two 
plates,  one  copied  from  a  print  by  Cruikshank,  the  other  insignificant.  The 
French  imprints  include  that  of  the  famous  Martinet,  whose  shop  was 
opened  in  1795.  His  shop-front  appears  in  Bosio's  Les  Musards  de  la  Rue 
du  Coq  a  Paris',  a  copy  was  published  by  Tegg  about  1814.^ 

M.  DOROTHY  GEORGE 

*  See  above,  pp.  xii-xiii. 

^  Broadley,  ii.  28-30.  See  also  Colas,  Bibliographie  gin.  du  Costume  et  de  la 
Mode,  Paris,  1933,  ii.  1307-9. 


xlviii 


CORRIGENDA,  ETC. 

TO  VOLUME  IV 

4727  (1774,  see  Vol.  V,  p.  190)  Reissued,  Fores,  23  May  1799  (A.  de  R., 
'Bunbury',  p.  12). 

4728  (1773)  Reissued,  J.  Harris,  27  Feb.  1799  (Ibid.,  p.  80). 

4759  (1773)  A  reissue  with  the  imprint  Published  as  the  Act  directs  May  23, 
ijgg  by  S.  W.  Fores  N'^  50  Piccadilly  (No.  4759  a). 

A  reduced  copy  by  Rowlandson  (Grego,  i.  372)  in  Caricatures,  ix.  190 
(No.  4759  B). 

TO  VOLUME  V 

5213  Reissued,  Fores,  23  May  1799  (A.  de  R.,  'Bunbury  ',  p.  14). 

5214  A  reissue,  with  imprint  as  No.  4759  A  (No.  5214  a). 

5215  Reissued,  Fores,  3  Feb.  1799  (A.  de  R.,  'Bunbury',  p.  14). 

5216  Reissued,  J.  Harris,  3  Feb.  1799  (Ibid.,  p.  17). 
5361  Cf.  No.  9684. 

5807  There  is  a  state  Published  as  y  Act  directs  2^  March  1772  (A.  de  R., 

viii.  81). 
5913  Reissued,  Fores,  23  May  1799  (A.  de  R.,  'Bunbury',  p.  19). 
p.  807.   Index,  s.v.  Tyrconnel,  for  ist  earl,  read  2nd  earl. 

TO  VOLUME  VI 

p.  xxiv,  1.  37.  For  No.  8150  read  No.  8145. 

p.  xxix,  1.  41.  For  No.  5877  read  No.  6877. 

6713  Mrs.  Hobart  and  Mr.  Bradshaw  appear  as  Violante  and  Felix  in 
Mrs.  Centlivre's  comedy  The  Wonder!,  performed  at  Sans  Souci,  Ham 
Common,  on  Nov.  3,  4,  5,  1783.  The  inscription  is  from  an  epilogue  by 
Miles  Peter  Andrews  spoken  by  Mrs.  Hobart  after  a  performance  of 
Murphy's  All  in  the  Wrong,  printed,  Morning  Chronicle,  11  Nov.  1782.^ 
There  is  a  later  state  inscribed  Ham  Common  Theatre. 

7189  Published  with  the  imprint:  London,  Published  April  j'^  lygi  by 
S,  W,  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  (A.  de  R.,  iii.  190). 

7227  Attributed  to  Raphael  West. 

7229  Reissued,  Fores,  8  Mr.  1794  (A.  de  R.,  'Bunbury',  pp.  90-3). 

7230  Reissued,  Fores,  15  Mar.  1794  (Ibid.,  pp.  94-7). 

7330  Some  alternative  identifications  are  given  in  A.  de  R.,  'Gillray',  pp. 
76-9;  one  only  is  completely  satisfactory:  Orleans  (figalite)  for  Corn- 
wallis.  Lord  Carlisle  replaces  Sir  J.  Johnstone,  but  appears  also  as  in 
No.  7330.  The  Duke  of  Portland  replaces  both  the  Marquis  of  Bucking- 
ham and  (probably  correctly)  Sir  P.  Francis.  Lord  Sydney  replaces 
Sir  G.  Shuckburgh  and  is  (incorrectly)  replaced  by  Keppel  (d.  1786). 
Lord  Coventry  replaces  General  Bligh. 

*  Information  from  Miss  Sybil  Rosenfeld. 
xlix 


CORRIGENDA,    ETC. 

7393  The  scene  and  the  verses  (parodied)  are  from  O'Hara's  burletta 
Midas  (also  parodied  in  No.  7498). 

7436  The  engraving  from  which  this  photograph  was  taken  has  been 
presented  to  the  Museum. 

7586  Alternative  identifications  from  A.  de  R.,  ix.  118,  are  for  Locatelli 
John  Charles  Lochee  who  did  portrait  medallions  for  Tassie  and  Wedg- 
wood, and  for  the  Duchess  of  Devonshire  her  sister  Lady  Duncannon 
(Lady  Bessborough), 

7635  For  ' }  Barrington'  read  Charles  Berington,  Vicar- Apostolic  of  the 
Midland  Division  and  a  member  of  the  Catholic  Council.' 

7695  Published  16  Feb.  1791  by  Fores,  with  inscription  as  quoted  from 
Challamel  (A.  de  R.,  iii.  161). 

7699  For  Prince  Ernest  read  Prince  Edward. 

7702  For  Prince  Ernest  read  Prince  Edward. 

7747  The  man  in  the  cask  is  identified  as  'Deighton',  probably  Robert 
Dighton  the  artist,  his  'Knowing  One'  and  'Deep  One'  being  the 
manipulators  of  the  cask. 

7792  A  Deep  One.  Pub  Aug  21  iyg2  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 
(A.  deR.,ii.  83).  Cf.  No.  9683. 

7799  An  adaptation  of  No.  1609  (1749)  attributed  to  171 9,  the  date 
corrected  under  No.  3047. 

8005  The  'amorous  Irish  Barrister'  is  John  Philpot  Curran. 

8018  For  Attic  Miscellany,  i.  113,  read  ii.  113. 

8027  The  verses  are  from  The  Barber's  Nuptials,  by  G.  Huddesford. 
Poems,  i8oi,  i.  104-9. 

8138  p.  938, 1.  8,  for  6919  read  16919. 

8196  An  original  water-colour,  no  title,  is  in  the  Print  Room;  there  are 
minor  variations  from  the  etching  (Cannon  Collection).  See  also 
No.  9663. 

8205  Last  line,  for  3^  read  13^.  Reissued,  Fores,  15  Mar.  1794  (A.  de  R., 
'Bunbury',  pp.  82-3). 

8235  Imprint,  Published  July  26,  iyg2  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 
(A.  de  R.,  xii.  152). 

8236  Imprint,  Published  July  iyg2  [etched  over  an  earlier  date]  by  S  W 
Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  (Ibid.,  p.  150). 

p.  1020  Index,  add  to  Mills,  Selina,  m.  Zachary  Macaulay  1799. 

p.  1028  Index,  s.v.  Tyrconnel,  for  5th  Earl  read  2nd  Earl. 

'  Infonnation  from  Mr.  Wickham  Legg. 


CATALOGUE  OF 

POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

1793-1800 

(Nos.  8284-9692) 


Caricature  in  its  most  important  practice  is  satirical, 
and  satire  is  essentially  a  sort  of  complaint  and  dis- 
approval, its  best  effects  being  most  readily  produced 
in  the  spirit  of  opposition. 

DAVID  LOW,  1932. 

La  lutte  s'etendra  aux  deux  hemispheres,  c'est  sur  les 
mines  de  la  Tour  de  Londres  que  vous  devez  signer  le 
traite  qui  reglera  les  destines  des  nations  et  fondera  la 
liberte  des  mondes. 

kersaint:  in  the  Convention,  i  Jan.  1793. 

La  Carthage  modeme  sera  detruite. 

BARfeRE:  in  the  Convention,  i  Aug.  1793. 


1793 
POLITICAL  SATIRES 

8284  THE  CONTRAST  I  1793 

[Rowlandson  after  Lord  George  Murray.] 

Pub  Jan  ly  1. 1793  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly,  i^  i'  0^  p'  Hundred 
Plain  and  2^  2^  o"^  Coloured  Price  3^  Plain,  Coloured  6^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  close  copy  of  No.  8149'  with  the  same 
inscriptions.  One  of  the  prints  advertised  by  the  Crown  and  Anchor 
Society  (see  No.  8316,  &c.)  on  a  broadside  reprint  of  Loughborough's 
speech  on  the  Alien  Act,  26  Dec.  1792  (B.M.L.,  648.  c.  26/19):  'The  happy 
and  flourishing  State  and  Wealth  of  Great  Britain,  contrasted  with  the 
Horrors,  Massacres,  and  Poverty  of  France.'  For  similar  contrasts,  cf. 
Nos.  8288,  8289,  8301,  8609,  8695.   Cf.  No.  8287,  &c. 

de  Vinck,  No.  61 19.    A  copy  in  Jaime,  ii,  PL  64  G.,  reversed  and  with 
French  inscriptions. 

A  French  copy :  Blum,  No.  607. 
9|X  13I  (pi.).  Diam.  of  the  two  circles  c.  6^  in. 

8285  REFLECTIONS  ON  THE  FRENCH  REVOLUTION. 

[L  Cruikshank,] 

London  Pub  Jan'y  i  iyg3  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  who  has 

again  opened  his  Exhibition  Rooms  to  which  he  has  added  several 

Hundred  Old  &  New  Subject  Admits'  i' 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Burke,  a  colossal 
figure,  lunges  forward  and  to  the  r.,  a  dagger  in  each  hand.  Behind,  the 
House  of  Commons  is  indicated,  empty  except  for  the  Speaker  (Addington) 
in  the  background,  raising  his  arms  in  dismay,  and  Fox  in  the  middle 

distance,  who  flees,  looking  over  his  shoulder  to  say,  D me  he's  got  the 

French  Disorder.  Burke  frowns ;  a  scroll  issues  from  his  fiercely  closed  lips : 
Plunderers  Assassins  Republicans  Villians  Cut  Throats  Levellers  Regicides 
Lovers  of  Disorder  Exporters  of  Treason  &  Rebellion  These  are  Articles  they 
Deal  in. 

A  satire  on  the  famous  dagger  scene  during  the  debate  on  the  Alien  Bill 
on  28  Dec.  1792,  when  Burke  said  it  was  his  object  *to  keep  the  French 
infection  from  this  country;  their  principles  from  our  minds  and  their 
daggers  from  our  hearts'.  Pari.  Hist.  xxx.  189.  In  this  speech  Burke 
acknowledged  his  indebtedness  to  Fox,  but  said  that  'from  the  moment  he 
saw  him  countenancing  the  proceedings  in  France  ...  no  public  connexion 
could  subsist  between  them  .  .  .'.  Ibid.,  p.  181.  See  Nos.  8147,  8148. 
For  their  quarrel  see  No.  7854,  &c.  For  Burke's  Reflections  see  No. 
7675,  &c. 
i4|xio^|in. 

'  The  woodcut  copy,  No.  8149  A,  was  used  for  the  cover  of  The  Antigallican 
Songster,  No.  i,  1793.   (B.M.L.,  1890.  e.  18.) 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8286  THE  SLOUGH   OF  DESPOND ;— VIDE— THE  PATRIOTS 
PROGRESS. 

y^  Gy  d"*  et  fed — pro  bono  publico — 

Pii¥Jany  2^  I793y  by  H.  Humphrey  N  i8  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  head  and  shoulders  of  Fox  (like 
Christian  in  The  Pilgrim's  Progress)  emerge  from  a  pool  of  liquid  mire; 
he  looks  despairingly  up  and  to  the  r.,  his  (half-submerged)  hands  raised 
in  supplication.  On  his  back  is  a  bundle  inscribed  Contents  French  Gold, 
French  Loyalty,  French  Daggers  [cf.  No.  8285,  &c.],  And  Crimes,  more 
numerous  than  the  sands,  upon  the  Ocean's  shore.  His  hat  has  fallen  off,  the 
tricolour  cockade  and  motto  Ca  ira  are  half  submerged.  His  large  club 
rises  from  the  slough:  Patriots  Staff — i.e.  Whig  Club  [cf.  No.  8987,  &c.]. 
Before  him  floats  an  open  book :  Gospel  of  Liberty  by  the  four  Evangelists 
5*  Paine  S  Price  S^  Priestly  5'  Petion  [see  No.  8122]  |  Fly  to  the  Wrath 
to  come.  Fox  says :  Help!  Help! — will  no  kind  Power  lend  a  hand  to  deliver 
me? — Oh!  what  will  become  of  me? — all  my  former  Friends  have  forsaken  me! 
— if  I  try  to  go  on,  I  sink  deeper  in  the  Filth;  &  my  feet  are  stuck  so  fast  in 
the  Mire,  that  I  can  not  get  back,  'tho  I  try; — Ah  me! — this  Burden  upon 
my  Back  overwhelm' s  me,  &  presses  me  down! — /  shall  Rise  no  more! — /  am 
lost  for  ever,  &  shall  never  see  the  Promised  Land!! 

From  the  slough  a  hill  ascends  up  which  a  straight  path  leads  to  a  fortified 
gateway  in  a  castellated  wall  inscribed :  Knock,  &  it  shall  be  opened.  The 
Straight  Gate:  or  the  way  to  the  Patriots  Paradise.  From  it  flies  a  flag  of 
Libertas,  surmounted  with  the  cap  of  Liberty.  Within  the  wall  is  a  ladder 
slanting  towards  a  waning  moon.  After  the  title  (from  The  Pilgrim's 
Progress):  "This  Miry  Slough  is  such  a  place  as  can  not  be  mended; — it  is 
the  descent  whither  the  Scum  &  \"&  [sic]  Filth  that  attends  being  Convicted 
of  Sin,  doth  continually  run;  it  is  called  the  Slough  of  Despond,  |  "  for  when 
a  Sinner  is  Trap'd  in  his  Sins,  he  sinks  into  Despondency  under  the  Burden 
of  his  own  Wickedness." 

A  satire  on  the  isolation  of  Fox  and  a  few  followers  by  the  decision  of  the 
majority  of  the  Whigs  at  a  meeting  at  Burlington  House,  11  Dec.  1792, 
to  support  the  Government.  See  debates  of  13  and  15  Dec,  Pari.  Hist. 
XXX.  I  ff^. ;  Auckland  Corr.  ii.  479,  481-3;  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War, 
pp.  87  if.  Cf.  Nos.  8140,  8304,  8305,  8366.  For  the  subsequent  split  in 
the  Whig  Club  see  No.  8315.   One  of  many  prints  of  Fox  as  a  Jacobin. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.   165  (reproduction),  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  90. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
8|xi3iin. 

8287   FASHION   BEFORE   EASE;— OR,— A   GOOD    CONSTITU- 
TION SACRIFICED,  FOR  A  FANTASTICK  FORM. 

G:  W:  ini^  [Gillray  £.] 

Pu¥  Jany  2^  1793.  by  H.  Humphrey,  N°  18  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Britannia  (1.),  a  buxom  young  woman, 
clasps  the  trunk  of  a  large  oak,  while  Paine  tugs  with  both  hands  at  her 
stay-lace,  placing  a  large  foot  on  her  posteriors.  He  wears  blue  and  buff 
with  a  tricolour  cockade  on  his  bonnet  rouge.  From  his  coat  pocket  pro- 
trudes a  pair  of  scissors  and  a  tape  inscribed :  Rights  of  Man.  His  face  is 
blotched  with  drink  and  his  expression  is  fiercely  intent,  but  he  is  neatly 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1793 

dressed.   Behind  him  is  a  thatched  cottage  inscribed:  Thomas  Pain,  Stay- 
maker  from  Thetford.  Paris  Modes,  by  express. 

Britannia  looks  over  her  shoulder  at  the  stay-maker  (cf.  No.  9240)  with 
an  expression  of  pained  reproach.  Her  shield  leans  against  the  tree ;  her 
spear  is  on  the  ground;  across  it  lies  an  olive-branch. 

Paine,  born  in  Thetford  and  formerly  a  stay-maker,  was  a  refugee  in 
France  and  a  member  of  the  French  Convention,  see  No.  8137,  &c.  His 
(republican)  Rights  of  Man  (see  No.  7867,  &c.)  was  widely  circulated  by 
the  radical  clubs.  Cf.  Sheffield  to  Auckland,  3  Jan.  1793 :  'The  "Constitu- 
tion" most  fortunately  is  become  the  word,  and  it  is  as  much  a  favourite 
as  "Liberty,  Property,  and  No  Excise",  or  any  other  word  ever  was.* 
Auckland  Corr.  ii.  481.  Cf.  Chauvelin's  letter  of  14  Dec.  1792  quoted 
Stoker,  Pitt  et  la  Riv.fr.,  1935,  pp.  164-5.  ^^^  ^^^o  Nos.  8284,  8289,  8296, 
8320,  8424,  8624,  8644,  8685,  8834,  9024,  9039,  9054,  9214.  Cf.  No.  9425. 

The  design  appears  to  derive  (with  important  alterations)  from  Collet's 
Tight  Lacing,  or  Fashion  before  Ease  {I'J'J']),  No.  4552. 

Reproduced,  Social  England,  ed.  Traill,  1904,  v.  667. 
i2j^X9|in. 


8287  A  Another  impression  with  an  altered  title: 

BRITANNIA    IN    FRENCH    STAYS,    OR,— RE-FORM,    AT    THE 
EXPENCE  OF  CONSTITUTION. 

Cf.  a  bill  headed,  'John  Bull  to  his  Brethren:  Shall  we  trust  to  Tom  the 
Stay-Maker,  and  his  bungling  French  Journeymen,  to  amend  our  Con- 
stitution .  .  .'.   B.M.L.,  648.  c.  26/40. 


8288  FRENCH  HAPPINESS    ENGLISH  MISERY. 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  Jan^  3  lygj  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  who  again 

has  Opened  his  Caracature  Room  to  which  he  has  added  several 

Hundred  old  and  New  Subjects  Admitance  i  5^ 

To  those  who  give  them  away  i^  11'  6'^  P^  Hundred  Plain,  and 

3^  3"  o^  in  Colours  6'*  Plain,  *J  Coloured 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  design  in  two  com- 
partments. On  the  r.,  in  a  poverty-stricken  room,  four  ragged  and 
famished  French  sansculottes  tug  frantically  at  the  limbs  of  a  frog,  saying, 
aha  by  Gar  So  we  serve  all  the  Enemies  to  Liberty  and  Equality.  On  the 
empty  hearth  is  a  pan  inscribed  Tree  of  Liberty,  in  which  a  small  twig  has 
been  planted ;  two  rats  sniff  at  it.  On  a  shelf  above  it  is  a  ( ?)  crucifix 
supporting  a  noose  of  rope.  On  the  wall  (1.)  is  a  trellis  in  which  assignats 
are  stuck:  5000,  Assignat  2000,  500.  Next  is  a  large  print:  a  body  hangs 
from  a  lamp-post ;  an  infant,  the  son  of  an  Aristocrate,  is  impaled  on  a  spike ; 
a  soldier  carries  a  head  on  his  bayonet.  Next  is  a  List  of  the  Killed  & 
Wounded  Allied  Army  Jemapps  306, 184,  200,  [total]  6go.  French  20 — 600, 
14 — 5go,  18 — goo,  [total]  54ogo.  French  victorie.  A  dead  bird  is  in  a  cage 
(1.).  A  rat  emerging  from  a  hole  looks  at  a  dead  or  dying  cat.  A  broken 
pitcher  is  inscribed  Water. 

On  the  1.  a  countryman  carves  a  juicy  sirloin,  two  men,  one  gorged  to 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

repletion,  the  other  stuffing  hard,  sit  at  the  table.  A  man  in  a  smock  stands 
at  the  table;  he  holds  a  frothing  pitcher  and  draws  his  hand  across  his 
mouth,  saying.  Here  goes,  the  King  &  Constitution  for  ever  (cf.  No.  8287, 
&c.).  A  blazing  fire  burns  in  the  grate,  by  it  lies  a  corpulent  dog,  while  a 
fat  cat  plays  with  a  mouse.  On  the  chimney-piece  is  a  Bible,  above  it  is 
pasted  O  the  Roa\si\  Beef  of  ol[d]  England.  Other  songs  pasted  up  are  God 
save  the  King  and  Rule  Brittania.  Two  frothing  pitchers  stand  on  the  floor. 
Through  an  open  window  is  seen  a  man  sowing,  and  a  man  driving  a  team 
of  oxen.  Laden  apple-branches  extend  across  the  window ;  beside  it  a  bird 
sings  in  a  cage. 

Cf.  Gillray's  similar  contrast,  No.  8145  and  No.  8284,  also  a  propa- 
gandist publication.  The  French  victory  of  Jemappes  (6  Nov.  1792),  when 
the  Austrians  lost  4,000  killed,  wounded,  and  deserters,  was  followed  by 
the  easy  conquest  of  the  Austrian  Netherlands,  and  dazzled  the  French 
nation.  For  the  depreciation  of  Assignats,  see  Camb.  Mod.  Hist.  viii.  709 
(table). 

de  Vinck,  No.  61 18. 
8fxi5in. 


8289  REFORM  ADVISED.  |  REFORM  BEGUN.  |  REFORM  COM- 
PLEAT.   1 

[Rowlandson.] 

Pulished  [sic]  as  the  Act  directs  Jany  5'*  ^793  by  JnP  Brown  N°  2 
Adelphi 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  design  in  three 
compartments,  each  with  its  title,  [i]  John  Bull  (1.),  very  corpulent, 
a  frothing  tankard  in  his  hand,  sits  in  an  arm-chair  beside  a  table  loaded 
with  beef,  pudding,  and  Home  Brew'd;  he  is  approached  by  three  famished 
Frenchmen,  who  lean  eagerly  towards  him,  cap  in  hand.  He  points  to  the 
table,  saying :  The  blessed  effects  of  a  good  Constitution.  The  three  say :  /  am 
your  Friend  John  Bull  you  want  a  Reform ;  My  Hon''^'  Friend  speaks  my 
Sentiments ;  John  Bull  you  are  too  Fat.    Below : 

[2]  The  three  Frenchmen,  ragged,  bare-legged,  and  fierce-looking,  two 
with  bludgeons  and  one  with  a  dagger,  advance  menacingly  to  John  Bull, 
who  holds  out  a  frog,  saying:  A  Pretty  Reform  indeed  you  have  deprived  me 
of  my  Leg  and  given  me  nothing  but  Frogs  to  eat  I  shall  be  Starved  I  am  no 
Frenchman.  He  has  a  wooden  leg,  is  less  stout  than  in  [i],  and  his  clothes 
are  ragged.  The  Frenchmen  say:  Eat  it  you  Dog  &  hold  your  Tongue  you 
are  very  happy ;  Thats  right  my  friend  we  will  make  him  Happier  still  (his 
cap  is  inscribed  Ca  ira) ;  He  is  a  little  leaner  now.    Below : 

[3]  John  Bull  lies  prostrate  screaming  O — H — O — H;  two  frantic 
Frenchmen  holding  firebrands  trample  fiercely  on  him.  One  (1.)  says: 
now  he  is  quite  happy  I  will  have  a  Jump ;  the  other  adds,  Oh  Delightfull you 
may  thank  me  you  Dog  for  sparing  your  Life — thank  me  I  say. 

The  Society  of  the  Friends  of  the  People  had  been  formed  in  April  1792 
by  Grey  and  others  to  advocate  Parliamentary  Reform  (No.  8087,  &c.). 
The  Corresponding  Societies  urged  a  more  drastic  reform  on  a  system 
'consistent  with  the  Rights  of  Man',  using  Paine's  book  (see  No.  7867,  &c.) 
as  a  manifesto,  but  'Constitution'  was  the  prevailing  cry,  see  No.  8287,  &c. 

The  print  is  probably  that  advertised  by  the  Crown  and  Anchor  Society 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1793 

(cf.  No.  8284):  'Reform.  Several  Degrees  of  Modem  Reform,  and  its  fatal 
consequences,  contrasted  with  the  settled,  constitutionally  protected, 
affluent,  happy  Briton.' 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  319. 
16^X9^  in. 

8290  SANS-CULOTTES,  FEEDING  EUROPE  WITH  THE  BREAD 
OF  LIBERTY. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Jany  12'^  [sic]  1793.  by  H.  Humphrey  N  i8  Old  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Five  groups,  one  in  each  corner,  with 
a  central  group  which  represents  John  Bull,  standing  full  face,  between 
Sheridan  (1.)  and  Fox  (r.),  who  are  forcibly  feeding  him  with  the  bread  of 
liberty.  Both  are  ragged  and  bare-legged  sansculottes,  wearing  bonnets- 
rouges.  Each  forces  a  small  loaf  inscribed  Liberty,  on  the  point  of  a  dagger, 
into  John's  gaping  mouth,  dipping  a  hand  into  his  coat-pocket.  In  the 
background,  standing  on  a  barren  plain,  are  a  gibbet  (1.)  and  Temple 
Bar  (r.). 

The  other  groups  represent  French  sansculottes  despoiling  Holland, 
Savoy,  Germany  &  Prussia,  and  Italy.  In  the  upper  1.  corner  a  stout 
Dutchman  straddling  across  the  River  Sheldt  is  forced  backwards  by  a 
Frenchman  (1.)  who  forces  a  loaf  inscribed  Liberty  into  his  mouth  at  the 
point  of  his  bayonet,  while  another  diverts  a  stream  of  coin?  from  his 
pocket  into  his  own  cap.  A  third  removes  the  Dutchman's  hat  with  its 
tobacco  pipe,  and  places  on  his  head  a  bonnet-rouge. 

In  the  upper  r.  corner  a  Frenchman  thrusts  the  loaf  of  Liberty,  spiked 
on  a  spit,  at  the  mouth  of  a  stout  Savoyard  while  another  holds  him  by  the 
ears,  and  a  third  (r.)  drags  at  the  hurdy-gurdy  which  is  slung  round  his 
neck. 

Below  (1.)  an  Austrian  officer  holding  a  standard  on  which  is  the  Habs- 
burg  eagle,  and  a  Prussian  officer  (probably  Brunswick)  wearing  the  cap  of 
the  Death's-head  Hussars,  and  holding  a  broken  sword  (indicating  retreat 
after  Valmy,  see  No.  8125,  &c.)  flee  in  terror  before  French  tatterdemalions 
with  loaves  of  Liberty  on  their  spears,  and  a  banner  inscribed  Vive  la 
Liberta. 

In  the  lower  r.  comer  a  sansculotte  fires  a  loaf  oi Liberty  from  his  blunder- 
buss into  the  mouth  of  the  terrified  Pope,  who  leans  back  in  his  papal  chair. 
A  second  Frenchman,  clutching  the  keys  of  St.  Peter,  removes  his  triple 
crown.  The  pope's  bare  foot  rests  on  a  stool,  and  is  trampled  on  by  the 
furious  man  with  the  blunderbuss.  The  emblematical  dove  (irradiated) 
flies  off. 

For  the  foreign  policy  of  the  Girondins  see  No.  8136.  The  print  precedes 
the  declaration  of  war  on  Holland  (i  Feb.),  but  not  the  intention  of  the 
French  to  promote  a  revolution  there:  the  Austrian  Netherlands  were 
occupied  in  Nov.  and  on  15  Dec.  the  Convention  passed  a  decree  that 
in  all  territories  occupied  by  French  troops  the  new  French  revolutionary 
institutions  should  be  established:  the  threat  to  Holland  was  clear,  cf. 
No.  8313.  The  French  seized  Nice  without  resistance  on  29  Sept.  1792, 
occupied  Savoy,  and  on  27  Nov.  decreed  their  annexation  to  France.  The 
Convention  hoped  to  provoke  a  revolution  in  Rome,  and  a  threatening 
letter  (composed  by  Mme  Roland)  was  addressed  to  the  Pope  (27  Nov. 
1792).   Sorel,  L'Europe  et  la  Rev.frangaise,  1908,  iii.  208-12.  Cf.  No.  8821. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  165.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  95.    Muller,  5309  a. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Social  England,  ed.  Traill,  1904, 
V-  503. 
iifXHiin.  (pi.). 

8291  A  RIGHT  HONBLE  DEMOCRAT  DISSECTED. 

[Dent.] 

Sold  by  y  Aitken  N"  14  Castle  Street  Leicester  Square  London 

Pu¥  by  W  Dent  Jan  15  lygs 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  W.L.  figure  of  Fox,  bisected  vertically, 
the  organs  of  his  body  and  his  ribs  being  laid  bare  as  if  for  dissection.  The 
1.  half  (on  the  r.)  is  dressed  as  a  Frenchman,  he  has  no  1.  shirt-sleeve  but 
has  ruffles  attached  to  his  wrist  according  to  the  English  gibe.  In  his  1. 
hand  is  a  dagger  inscribed  Penetration.  In  his  teeth  he  holds  a  toy  wind- 
mill inscribed  Genius,  its  four  sails  inscribed,  respectively.  For  the  King, 
Monarchy,  For  the  People,  Republic.  His  forehead  is  Self-interest;  his  r. 
shoulder  is  Attachment,  his  1.  Apprehension.  On  his  r.  shirt-sleeve  are  dice- 
box  and  dice  and  the  words :  British  Industry,  Interest  of  Levellers,  Jews, 
Gamesters,  Adventurers.  His  clenched  r.  fist  is  inscribed  Argument.  On  his 
1,  arm  are  an  axe  and  noose  and  the  words:  French  Industry,  Advocate  for 
Atheists,  Jews,  Papists,  Dissenters  &c.  His  r.  ribs  are  Duplicity,  Drunken- 
ness, Whoredom,  Gambling,  Envy,  Inconsistency,  Prophaness;  his  1.  ribs: 
Enmity,  Cruelty,  Madness,  Distress,  Treachery,  Ingratitude,  Despair.  His 
organs  are  inscribed  Gallic,  Aristocratic,  Fraternity,  Oratorical  Lungs 
variably  verbose  [a  pair  of  bellows].  Common  Wealth,  Intemperance,  Demo- 
cratic, French  Principles,  Reservoir  for  Royalty.  These  are  flanked  by 
Fat  of  Pidgeons  and  Fat  of  Friends. 

One  breeches  pocket  is  inside  out  and  inscribed  Equality,  the  other 
bulges  with  Assignats.  On  the  English  (r.)  leg  is  a  knave  of  Clubs  ('Pam') 
with  the  head  of  Fox  (cf.  No.  6488,  &c.)  and  the  word  Hypocrisy.  He  wears 
a  top-boot  inscribed  Post-haste  to  Old  Scratch,  and  tramples  on  papers 
inscribed :  Religious  Duties,  Moral  Duties.  On  his  1.  leg  are  two  oval  minia- 
tures: Perdita  (cf.  No.  61 17,  &c.)  and  Armstead  {ci.  No.  7370,  &c.),  and 
the  words:  Valor,  Fornication,  and  Step  to  French  Measures.  He  wears  a 
buckled  shoe  and  tramples  on  papers  inscribed  Religion,  Liberty,  Order, 
Law,  Property.  Across  his  breeches  are  the  words  Private  Virtues.  One 
of  many  prints  of  Fox  as  a  Jacobin,  cf.  No.  8286.  Cf.  no.  9013,  a  similar 
dissection  of  Pitt. 
i3|X9|in. 

8292  THE  NEAR  IN  BLOOD,  THE  NEARER  BLOODY 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  Janv:  26  lygj  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  who  has 

again  opened  his  Caracatur  Room  to  which  he  has  added  Many 

hundred  Old  &  New  Subjects  admitance  i  ShilU 

Engraving  (coloured  impression),  Louis  XVI  kneels  with  his  head  on  the 
block ;  Orleans,  a  ragged  sansculotte,  is  the  executioner ;  he  puts  his  r.  foot 
on  the  King's  head  and  raises  the  axe  in  both  hands.  A  hideous  old  woman 
(1.)  inscribed  Roberspierre  en  Poissard  kneels,  holding  a  basket  to  catch  the 
head.  Marie  Antoinette  kneels  behind  the  King,  weeping,  holding  out  her 

6 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1793 

r.  arm  to  Orleans,  saying :  How  carCst  thou  do  this  deed?  could  not  the  Laws 
of  Man  of  Nature,  nor  of  Heaven,  dissuade  thee  ?  No  beast  so  fierce,  but  knows 
some  touch  of  Pity.  The  Dauphin  kneels  behind  his  mother,  weeping,  his 
hands  folded  in  supplication.  Orleans,  whose  face  is  blotched  with  drink, 
looks  wildly  to  the  r,,  away  from  his  victim,  and  declaims: 

Shall  future  eyes,  when  this  tale  is  told 

Drop  tears  in  pity  for  his  hapless  fate. 

And  read  with  detestation  the  misdeeds  of  Orleans; 

The  red  nosed  tyrant,  cruel,  barbarous. 

And  bloody — will  they  not  say  too. 

That  to  possess  the  Crown,  nor  laws  divine. 

Nor  human  stopt  my  way? — Why  let  'em  say  it; 

They  cant  but  say  I  strove  to  obtain  the  Crown; 

I  was  not  fool  as  well  as  villain 

Now,  for  the  deed  Cousin  farewel. 

To  me  there's  music  in  your  passing  bell. 

Richard  3^ 

Below  the  design: 

Thrice  is  he  arm'd  that  has  his  quarrel  just 
And  he  but  naked,  though  locked  up  in  steel. 
Whose  conscience  with  injustice  is  corrupted. 
The  very  weight  of  Orleans  guilt  shall  crush  him. 

[2  Henry  VI,  in.  ii.] 

A  satire  on  the  vote  given  (16  Jan.)  by  Orleans  ('J^galite')  for  the  execu- 
tion of  Louis.  Auckland  (6  Jan.)  calls  Orleans  'that  monster  of  the  moral 
world'.  Auckland  Corr.  ii.  484.  The  King  was  guillotined  on  21  Jan.,  see 
No.  8297,  &c.  See  also  Nos.  8293,  8294,  8298,  8300,  8302,  9020,  9349. 
The  design  appears  to  derive  (though  with  many  differences)  from  No. 
7892  (Gillray).   The  title  is  from  Macbeth,  u.  iii. 

de  Vinck,  No.  5795. 
8|xi2|in. 

8293  CITIZEN  COUPE  t£te  in  his  misery. 

T.  Ovenden  1793 

y  [?  January] I  29  J793  by  I.  Dovms,  240  Strand,  [clipped.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  ragged  and  almost  naked  sansculotte 
sits  in  his  room  surrounded  by  his  starving  family.  He  holds  in  the  r.  hand 
a  dagger,  in  the  1.  a  noose  of  rope,  uncertain  which  to  use.  Above  his  head 
is  a  staple  in  a  beam,  ready  for  the  rope.  A  fierce,  half-naked  child  seated 
on  straw  (r.)  gnaws  a  bone;  another,  much  emaciated,  begs  for  a  share. 
Behind,  the  distraught  mother  kneels  weeping  over  the  prostrate  body  of 
a  girl.  On  the  floor  (1.)  are  a  pitcher,  an  empty  plate,  and  bones,  one 
resembling  the  skull  of  a  horse.  On  the  chimney-piece  are  two  skulls; 
above  it  is  a  print  of  three  T.Q.L.  figures:  Marat  Pain  Robertspi[erre].  On 
the  wall  is  a  mirror  in  a  carved  frame  above  which  are  a  bonnet-rouge  and 
headsman's  axe.  Next  it  is  a  print  of  Le  Bonne  Hamme,  [sic]  &  Citoyen 
Egalite,  standing  on  a  pile  of  skulls  (see  No.  8292,  &c.). 

Through  an  open  window  is  seen  a  scaflFold  on  which  is  a  guillotine 
with  small  figures  hastening  towards  it.  A  bunch  of  bodies  hangs  from  a 
*  A  mutilated  *y'  is  the  only  indication  of  the  month. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

gibbet.  The  windows  of  a  house  are  crowded  with  spectators.  Beneath 
the  design: 

How  different  is  poor  Coupe  Tele's  Lot  ' 

His  bloody  Services  forgot. 

Famine  triumphant  Reigns: 
All  his  dire  Crimes  come  fresh  in  View, 
His  Treasons  and  his  Murders  too, 

Distract  the  Wretches  Brains. 
With  various  Thoughts  his  Mind's  at  Strife, 
Whether  to  chuse  the  Rope  or  Knife, 

To  end  his  Wretched  Days: 
The  Mother  oeW  her  Children  moans. 
Hears  their  sad  sighs  and  dying  Groans, 

In  vain  to  Heav'n  she  prays. 

Till  overwhelmed  with  poignant  Grief, 
In  Death  they  only  find  Relief, 

Who  comes  with  lingering  Pace; 
Thus  banish' d  from  all  earthly  Joy, 
Hunger  and  Misery  destroy. 

This  Democrat's  vile  Race. 

The  opening  line  suggests  that  this  is  a  companion  print  to  one  of  a 
prosperous  John  Bull,  cf.  No.  8288,  &c.   For  Paine  see  No.  8287. 
lolXQi^gin. 

8294  [THE  END  OF  PAIN.]  [?  January.] 

T.O.  [Ovenden]  Fecit,  1793. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Paine  (head  and  shoulders  only  visible) 
dangles  on  a  noose  from  a  lamp-bracket,  the  post  of  which  is  inscribed 
Rights  of  This  Man  (see  No.  8287).  The  head  of  Orleans  (see  No.  8292,  &c.) 
with  the  horns  of  a  devil  looks  down  at  Paine  from  behind  the  post,  which 
he  clutches  with  his  talons.  From  the  lamp  dangles  an  escutcheon,  on 
which  are  pairs  of  stays  and  a  chevron,  with  the  motto  Common  Sense  (the 
pamphlet  (1776)  which  had  so  much  effect  on  the  American  Revolution, 
see  No.  8146). 

8294  A  THE  END  OF  PAIN. 

Engraving.  Another  version  of  No.  8294,  the  heading  to  a  printed  leaflet, 
a  libellous  attack  on  Paine,  the  sub-title  being:  The  last  Speech,  Dying 
Words,  and  Confession  of  T.  P.  He  is  said  to  have  'hired  himself  to  the 
French'  to  write  The  Rights  of  Man.  He  is  executed  for  saying  in  a  Paris 
club  '  "that  he  thought  roast  beef  and  plumb  pudding  better  than  soup 
meagre  and  fried  frogs" — although  he  had  said  the  contrary  of  this  in  his 
own  country'.  There  is  'a  side  squint  of  Mr.  Equality  in  his  proper 
character'. 

Paine,  a  member  of  the  Convention,  had  actually  risked  his  life  (15  Jan.) 
by  opposing  the  execution  of  Louis  XVI.  On  27  Dec.  1793  he  was  arrested 
and  narrowly  escaped  the  guillotine.  Other  'Dying  Speeches'  of  Paine  were 
published  in  England,  in  1792  and  1794,  see  Conway,  Life  of  Paine,  ii.  152. 
6 J  X  6  in. 

8 


POLITICAL   SATIRES  1793 

8295  [THOMAS  PAINE.]  [?  1793-] 

W  Grainger  sculp 

Engraving.  Paine  stands  in  a  sylvan  scene,  the  centre  of  a  group  of  six  apes, 
to  whom  he  holds  out  his  Rights  of  Man.  He  is  ragged,  and  under  his  1.  arm 
is  a  pair  of  stays.  Beneath  is  engraved: 

"Hear  and  improve"  he  pertly  cries: 

"/  come  to  make  all  nations  wise" 
The  design  is  vignetted  and  is  perhaps  from  a  title-page.  For  Paine  see 
No.  8287;  for  his  book,  Nos.  7867,  8137,  &c. 
3fX5|in.  (pL). 

8296  THE  ENGLISHMAN  AND  FRENCHMAN.  [c.  Jan.  1793.] 
HB 

Engraving.  Heading  to  a  printed  dialogue.  A  lean  sansculotte  (1.)  in  profile 
to  the  r.  with  a  scraggy  queue,  a  ruffled  shirt,  and  bare  thighs,  addresses 
a  stout  Englishman  with  an  insinuating  gesture :  You  be  one  poor  Slave. 
The  other,  a  stout,  plainly  dressed  John  Bull  holding  a  thick  walking-stick, 
stands  squarely  but  turns  his  head  to  the  Frenchman  to  say:  you  be 
Damn'd.   (Cf.  Nos.  561 1,  5612.) 

The  'saucy,  artful,  chattering  Frenchman'  boasts  to  the  honest  English- 
man 'how  they  had  cut  the  king's  throat,  murdered  a  great  many  gentle- 
men .  .  .  [etc.  etc.]'.  The  Englishman  maintains  the  superiority  of  English 
liberty,  institutions,  charities,  &c.  They  discuss  Paine,  see  No.  8287.  Cf. 
No.  9541. 
Sixsf  ill-  Broadside,  15IX9I  in.  B.M.L.,  1890.  e.  18,  fo.  10. 

8297  THE  MARTYRDOM  OF  LOUIS  XVI,  KING  OF  FRANCE. 
/.  Cruikshank  In^ 

Pu¥  Feby  i  lygj  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Louis  XVI  (a  portrait)  stands  alone  on 
the  scaffold,  turning  to  the  1.  and  looking  up,  his  r.  hand  on  his  heart,  his 
1.  hand  raised.  Behind  (r)  is  the  guillotine  realistically  drawn.  In  the  back- 
ground are  bayonets,  a  flag,  bugles,  &c.  There  are  heavy  clouds  but  broad 
rays  of  light  slant  towards  the  King.  Beneath,  the  title:  I  forgive  my 
Enemies,  I  die  Innocent!!! 

For  the  execution  (21  Jan.)  see  Pierre  de  la  Vaissiere,  La  Mort  du  Roi, 
1910;  Sorel,  U Europe  et  la  Rev.  fr.  iii.  266-70;  de  Vinck,  Nos.  5098-5232 ; 
Hennin,  Nos.  11,427-11,460;  Dayot,  Rev.  fr.,  pp.  190-4.  The  King 
attempted  to  say  a  few  words,  but  drums  were  at  once  beaten  to  drown 
them.  See  also  Nos.  8292,  &c.,  8300,  8304,  8306,  8307,  8308,  8309,  8312, 
8319.  8446,  8460,  8825,  9260,  9345. 

de  Vinck,  Nos.  5155,  5156  (plain  and  coloured). 
9  X  7I  in. 

8298  THE  VICTIM  OF  EQUALITY. 

Published  Feb.  i.  lygs. 

Aquatint.  Orleans  (l^galite)  stands  on  the  steps  of  the  guillotine  holding 
at  arm's  length  the  head  of  Louis  XVI.  In  the  background  (1.)  are  soldiers 
and  spectators,  slim  and  elegant;  and  behind,  buildings  of  the  Place 
Louis  XV. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Not  a  caricature ;  the  manner  (in  bistre)  is  that  of  a  French  poHtical  print 
of  the  period.  For  the  execution  see  No.  8297,  &c. ;  for  the  part  taken  by 
Orleans,  No.  8292,  &c. 
8^X7  in. 

8299  JOHN  BULL  IN  A  RAGE  FORCING  NIC  FROG  TO  FIGHT 
AGAINST  HIS  WILL. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  Feb:  9  J79J  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  zaher  may  be 
had  compleat  sets  of  Caracaturs  on  the  French  Revolution 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  and  placid  Dutchman  leans 
cross-legged  against  a  large  barrel,  smoking.  His  musket  is  under  his  1. 
arm,  bayonet  resting  on  the  ground.  He  wears  civilian  dress  with  a  car- 
touche-box slung  across  his  shoulder.  An  irate  and  ugly  John  Bull,  his 
face  blotched  with  drink,  runs  up  to  him,  putting  a  sword  in  Nic's  r.  hand, 
saying,  „Why,  you  cold-blooded  dolt,  can  nothing  move  you?  I  say  you  shall 
be  in  a  rage — /  am  in  a  rage.  Damme,  you  shall  go  to  war;  now  what  say 
you?  "  Nic  answers,  the  words  within  the  smoke  which  issues  from  his 
mouth:  /  say  nothing — you  know  John,  I  dare  not  contradict  you.  Pitt's 
profile,  enclosed  in  an  obtuse  angle,  projects  from  the  r.  margin,  saying, 
tell  him  they  will  open  the  Scheldt,  and  he  shall  fight  Dam  him.  In  the  back- 
ground is  the  sea  with  ships.  On  the  r.  is  a  Dutch  town  with  a  jetty  pro- 
jecting into  the  sea,  and  (in  the  middle  distance)  two  bales  of  commerce. 
On  a  mound  (1.)  a  sentry  stands  at  attention. 

A  satire  arising  from  the  debate  of  i  Feb.  (the  day  that  France  declared 
war  on  England  and  Holland).  Fox  maintained  that  England  was  forcing 
the  Dutch  into  a  war  which  they  wished  to  avoid.  Pari.  Hist.  xxx.  308. 
Pitt  claimed  that  treaties  impelled  England  to  defend  Holland:  *If  Holland 
has  not  immediately  called  upon  us  for  our  support  and  assistance,  she  may 
have  been  influenced  by  motives  of  policy,  and  her  forbearance  ought  not 
to  be  supposed  to  arise  from  her  indiflference  about  the  river  Scheldt.' 
Ibid.,  p.  284.  On  16  Nov.  1792  a  Declaration  of  the  British  Government's 
determination  to  execute  the  terms  of  the  Alliance  of  1788  (see  No.  8633) 
was  delivered  to  the  States  General.  J.  H.  Rose  has  shown  that  the  Dutch 
had  appealed  (29  Nov.)  for  help,  but  were  nervously  anxious  to  temporize, 
while  Pitt  and  Grenville  stiffly  refrained  from  revealing  Foreign  Office 
secrets.  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  191 1,  p.  77;  Cambridge  Hist,  of  British 
Foreign  Policy,  i.  226-8,  236.  For  the  negligent  ill-will  with  which  the 
Dutch  (torn  by  faction)  conducted  the  war,  see  Nos.  8313,  &c.,  8345, 
8477,  8496,  8608,  &c.  Cf.  No.  9412,  &c.  For  the  negotiations,  &c.,  leading 
to  war  see  Stoker,  William  Pitt  et  la  Rev.fr.,  1935,  pp.  149-209. 
8xi3f  in. 

8300  THE  ZENITH  OF  FRENCH  GLORY;— THE  PINNACLE  OF 
LIBERTY. 

y^  Gy  des^  et  fee* — pro  bono  publico — 

Pu¥  Feb^  12*^  1793^  by  H.  Humphrey ^  N"  18  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  On  the  level  of  the  eye,  but  high  above 
a  square  in  which  the  guillotine  is  at  work,  bodies  dangle  from  lamp- 
brackets  projecting  from  the  wall  of  a  high  building  on  the  r.  A  bishop 
in  his  robes  and  two  monks,  their  hands  tied,  hang  close  together  from 

10 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1793 

the  horizontal  bar.  On  the  lantern  sits  a  ragged,  bare-legged  sansculotte 
playing  a  fiddle,  looking  down  with  smiling  triumph  at  the  crowd ;  he  is 
in  back  view,  his  bony  r.  foot  planted  on  the  head  of  the  dead  bishop.  On 
his  cap  are  the  words  Ca  ira.  He  wears  a  bag-wig  and  two  daggers  dripping 
blood  are  thrust  through  his  belt.  To  the  bracket  is  tied  the  bishop's 
crozier,  surmounted  by  the  cap  of  Libertas.  In  the  wall  immediately  behind 
is  a  crucifix  in  a  niche ;  to  this  is  affixed  a  placard :  Bon  Soir  Monsieur ;  at 
its  foot  are  a  skull  and  cross-bones.  From  another  projecting  lantern  in 
the  middle  distance  hangs  a  judge  in  his  robes  between  the  scales  and 
sword  of  Justice,  similarly  suspended. 

The  high  scaffold  is  surrounded  by  a  sea  of  bonnets-rouges,  waving  exult- 
antly as  the  guillotine  falls  on  Louis  XVI.  A  ragged  and  grinning  sans- 
culotte hauls  at  the  wheel  which  releases  the  blade  (on  which  is  a  crown). 
From  the  guillotine  flies  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Vive  VEgalite  (cf.  No. 
8292,  &c.).  Ragged  sansculottes  holding  spears  stand  on  the  scaffold.  The 
windows  of  the  adjoining  houses  are  crowded  with  spectators.  Above  their 
roofs  a  church  dome  ( ?  V Assomption)  is  on  fire.  Beneath  the  title:  Religion, 
Justice,  Loyalty,  &  all  the  Bugbears  of  Unenlightened  Minds,  Farewell! 

For  the  death  of  Louis  XVI  see  No.  8297,  &c.  For  the  design  cf. 
No.  8301. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  164  (copy),  where  the  title  is:  View  in  Perspective^ ; 
the  Zenith  .  .  .  [(^c.].    Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.    Reproduced,  Fuchs, 
p.  144;  Veth,  p.  47. 
13^X9!  in. 


8301  [ENGLAND  AND  FRANCE  CONTRASTED.]  [1793.] 

[Gillray.] 

Aquatint  (unfinished).  Companion  designs  on  one  plate  placed  side  by 
side,  [i]  Harvest  rejoicings  outside  a  village  inn.  A  young  man,  in  shirt- 
sleeves, with  a  sickle  thrust  through  his  belt,  dances  with  a  young  gleaner 
who  holds  corn  in  her  apron.  Beside  them  is  the  sign  of  the  inn,  a  wheat- 
sheaf  tied  to  the  upright  post.  An  older  man  dances,  facing  him,  holding 
up  a  frothing  jug  in  one  hand,  a  glass  in  the  other.  An  old  man  in  the 
foreground  (r.),  seated  on  a  low  stool,  plays  the  pipe  and  tabor,  a  little  girl 
leaning  against  his  shoulder.  Beside  him  are  a  frothing  beer  jug,  rake,  and 
pitch-forks.  Behind  is  the  door  of  the  inn,  in  which  is  the  landlord,  bring- 
ing out  two  frothing  jugs  to  harvesters  at  a  table  beside  the  door:  a  couple 
kiss,  two  men  have  tankards.  In  the  background  is  a  barn,  a  cart  laden 
with  sheaves,  and  in  the  distance  (1.)  the  sea  with  ships  in  full  sail. 
12X9I  ^^' 

[2]  A  scene  in  Paris,  in  front  of  the  high  doorway  of  a  building,  over 
which  is  a  (broken)  escutcheon  with  fleurs-de-lis  and  a  crown.  From  a 
projecting  lamp-bracket  hang  a  man  and  woman,  back  to  back,  an  infant 
hanging  from  the  woman's  neck.  On  it  sits  a  man  playing  a  fiddle  as  in 
No.  8300,  but  reversed,  and  wearing  a  cocked  hat  in  place  of  a  cap.  A 
ragged  sansculotte  with  an  evil  smile  seizes  a  despairing  woman  whom  he 
has  dragged  from  the  building.  An  old  aristocrat  kneels  on  one  knee  (1.), 
holding  out  a  purse  towards  the  ravisher,  regardless  of  a  man  who  stands 
over  him  with  dagger  raised  to  strike.  A  monk  kneels  with  clasped  hands, 

'  From  the  1851  reissue  (supplementary  volume);  not  in  the  1830  reissue. 

II 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

a  Stout  virago  raises  a  chalice  to  smite  him ;  in  a  pocket  in  her  ragged  petti- 
coat are  two  daggers.  A  man  holds  a  crucifix  with  which  he  is  about  to 
brain  the  monk.  Two  men  carry  plunder  from  the  building.  Behind  (r.) 
is  a  mob  with  pikes  and  in  the  distance  a  large  domed  church  is  on  fire 
(as  in  No.  8300).  In  the  foreground  (r.)  lie  the  naked  bodies  of  two  infants 
(unfinished)  impaled  on  a  spit.  An  axe  and  dagger  also  lie  on  the  cobbles. 

The  design  of  the  lamp-bracket  with  its  corpses  and  its  fiddler  has  been 
altered  and  used  (in  reverse)  in  No.  8300,  probably  after  this  (unfinished) 
plate  had  been  discarded.  The  scene  appears  to  be  that  of  No.  8300, 
viewed  from  the  street  level  and  without  the  guillotine.  For  similar  con- 
trasts between  England  and  France,  cf.  No.  8284,  &c. 

Adaptations  of  both  designs  were  published  by  G.  Humphrey,  25  Mar. 
1822,  as  Lawful  Liberty  and  Lawless  Liberty  ('Caricatures',  vii.  190,  191). 
12X9!  i"- 

8302  THE  MARTYR  OF  EQUALITY 

/  Cruikshanks 

London  Pub  Feb:  12  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Orleans  (Egalite),  looking  to  the  r., 
stands  on  the  scaffold  dressed  as  a  grenadier  of  the  National  Guard.  He 
holds  out  by  the  hair  the  decollated  head  of  Louis  XVI,  while  he  waves 
his  cap  in  his  r.  hand.  Behind  (1.)  is  the  guillotine,  with  the  King's  body; 
streams  of  blood  pour  from  head  and  trunk.  Below  the  scaffold  (r.)  are 
heads  and  bayonets  of  the  National  Guard,  and,  behind,  two  large  buildings, 
the  windows  and  roofs  filled  with  spectators ;  those  on  the  roof  wave  their 
hats.  Beneath  the  title:  Behold  the  Progress  of  our  System.  See  Nos.  8292, 
8297,  &c. 

de  Vinck,  No.  5175. 
8fx8in. 

8303  A  SMOKING  CLUB. 
[GiUray.] 

Pub'^  by  H  Humphrey  S^  James's  S^  [Feby  13^^  I793'Y 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  and  Dundas,  Fox  and  Sheridan  face 
each  other  across  a  long  narrow  table,  smoking  long  pipes  and  puffing 
clouds  of  smoke  in  each  other's  faces.  The  gallery  of  the  House  of  Commons 
is  indicated  in  the  background.  At  the  head  of  the  table  (1.)  in  a  raised 
arm-chair  (in  the  manner  of  the  chairman  at  a  tavern-club)  sits  a  man  in 
the  hat,  wig,  and  gown  of  the  Speaker  (Addington)^  holding  the  mace, 
which  has  been  transformed  into  a  crutch-like  stick.  He  puffs  smoke  at 
both  Treasury  and  Opposition  benches.  Pitt,  on  the  Speaker's  r.,  holds 
a  frothing  tankard  inscribed  G.R  and  directs  a  cloud  of  smoke  at  Fox,  who 
puffs  back.  Before  Fox  is  a  tray  of  pipes  and  a  paper  of  tobacco,  implying 
that  he  excels  in  abuse.  On  the  extreme  r.  Dundas,  a  plaid  across  his  coat, 
puffs  at  the  scowling  Sheridan  seated  close  to  Fox;  he  has  a  punch-bowl 

'  Date  from  G.W.G.  The  address  appears  to  be  engraved  over  an  obliterated 
inscription:  Humphrey  did  not  leave  Bond  Street  till  1797. 

*  Identified  by  Wright  and  Evans  as  Loughborough,  'cogitating'  between  the 
parties ;  this  is  inconsistent  with  the  House  of  Commons  setting  and  with  Lough- 
borough's appointment  (26  Jan.  1793)  as  Chancellor. 

12 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1793 

inscribed  G.R  in  which  he  dips  a  ladle.  Small  puffs  of  smoke  issue  from 
the  pipes,  great  clouds  from  the  smokers'  mouths,  as  in  No.  8220. 

The  House  of  Commons  is  burlesqued  as  a  smoking-club,  a  plebeian 
gathering  in  which  quarrelsome  members  were  wont  to  puff  smoke  at  each 
other,  see  No.  8220. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  166  (reproduction).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  92. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
I2f  X  i6f  in. 

8303  A  A  copy,  Ja^  Gillray  deV  1793,  faces  p.  114  in  The  Caricatures  of 
Gillray. 

6|X9in.  With  border,  7i^g  X  9I  in.  B.M.L.,  745.  a.  6. 

8304  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  MURDERED  CRYING  FOR  VEN- 
GEANCE. 

J^  Qy  des""  et  fed  pro  bono  publico. 

Pu¥  Feby  j6'*  1793.  by  H.  Humphrey  No  18.  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  head  of  Louis  XVI  (a  portrait)  lies 
at  the  foot  of  the  guillotine,  a  corner  of  the  scaffold  forming  the  base  of 
the  design.  The  guillotine  is  realistically  drawn ;  the  body  of  the  King, 
hands  tied,  lies  on  the  low  platform  behind  the  machine,  the  legs  being 
cut  off  by  the  1.  margin.  The  blade  and  head  drip  with  blood,  which 
ascends  in  a  broad  crimson  swirl  across  the  design,  expanding  into  clouds 
of  smoke  as  it  rises.  On  this  is  etched:  Whither, — O  Whither  shall  my 
Blood  ascend  for  Justice? — my  Throne  is  seized  on,  by  my  Murderers;  my 
Brothers  are  driven  \  into  exile; — my  unhappy  Wife  &  hinocent  Infants  are 
shut  up  in  the  horrors  of  a  Dungeon; — while  Robbers  &  Assassins  are  sheath- 
ing I  their  Daggers  in  the  bowels  of  my  Country! — Ah!  ruined,  desolated 
Country!  dearest  object  of  my  heart!  whose  misery  was  to  me  the  \  sharpest 
pang  in  death!  what  will  become  of  thee? — O  Britons!  vice-gerents  of  eternal- 
Justice!  arbiters  of  the  world! — look  |  down  from  that  height  of  power  to  which 
you  are  raised,  &  behold  me  here! — deprived  of  Life  &  of  Kingdom,  see  where  | 
/  lie;  full  low,  festering  in  my  owtt  Blood! — which  flies  to  your  august  tribunal 
for  Justice! — By  your  affection  for  your  own  |  Wives  &  Children — rescue 
mine: — by  your  love  for  your  Country,  by  the  blessings  of  that  true  Liberty 
which  you  possess, — by  the  |  virtues  which  adorn  the  British  Crown, — by  all 
that  is  Sacred,  &  all  that  is  dear  to  you — revenge  the  blood  of  a  Monarch 
most  I  undeservedly  butchered, — and  rescue  the  Kingdom  of  France,  from  being 
the  prey  of  Violence,  Usurpation  &  Cruelty. 

Above  the  design :  This  exact  Representation  of  that  Instrument  of  French 
refinement  in  Assassination,  the  GUILLOTINE  is  submitted  to  the  Gentlemen 
of ''the  Phalanx"^ — &  other  well-wishers  to  the  King  &  Constitution  of  Great- 
Britain, by  their  devoted  Servants  at  Command  The  Assassins  of  the  King 

of  France.   Fox  and  his  remnant  of  followers  are  indicated,  cf.  No.  8286, 

For  the  execution  of  Louis  XVI  see  No.  8297,  &c.  Lord  Holland  writes : 
'The  advocates  for  war  seemed  to  feel  more  pleased  at  the  hold  this  event 
gave  them  on  the  favours  of  the  publick  than  grieved  at  the  catastrophe 
itself.'   Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party,  i.  27. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  166-7.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  97.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
i3|X9|in. 

13 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8305  THE  SOLICITOR  GENERAL  FOR  THE  FRENCH  REPUBLIC. 
IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub.  Febrv  i8.  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox,  wearing  the  rags  of  a  sansculotte 
under  a  long  legal  gown,  stands  directed  to  the  1.,  looking  down  and  to  the 
r.  with  an  expression  of  sly  meditation.  He  wears  bands  and  a  large  legal 
wig,  with  tattered  stockings  on  his  otherwise  bare  legs.  Across  his  corpu- 
lent figure  stretches  a  tricolour  belt  inscribed  Republicanism.  He  stands  on 
a  floor  of  black  and  white  squares.  An  owl  looks  down  upon  him  from 
a  perch  (r.).  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  scroll,  the  brief  of  the  Republic: 
1st  Insist  we  have  done  Every  thing  we  ought  to  have  done 

2  They  have  Provoked  us  Neglected  and  treated  us  with  scorn. 

3  How  desirous  we  were  of  Peace  Fraternity  &  Equality.  NB  not  to  mention 
our  underhand  Proceedings. 

4  Soften  the  Massacres. 

5  Abuse  our  Adversarys 

6  If  likely  to  Termiate  [sic]  against  us  to  Demurr  to  the  matter  of  form  or 
move  an  Arrest  in  Judgment 

Fox  opposed  the  war  with  France  (12  Feb.)  in  a  speech  defending  him- 
self against  'the  imputation  of  being  the  abettor  of  France  .  .  .',  but  main- 
taining that  the  French  decrees  and  actions  were  not  grounds  for  war ;  he 
accused  the  Ministry  of  acting  aggressively  towards  France.  Pari.  Hist. 
XXX.  363-75.  For  the  indignation  with  Fox  of  the  moderate  Whigs  see 
Sir  G,  Elliot,  Life  and  Letters,  ii.  76,  82  ff. ;  Auckland  Corr.  ii.  495-6,  498. 
See  also  for  the  Foxite  attitude  to  the  war,  J.  H.  Rose,  Napoleonic  Studies, 
1906,  pp.  222  if.  One  of  many  prints  of  Fox  as  a  Jacobin,  cf.  No.  8286. 
See  also  No.  8518. 
i3iX9|in. 

8306  MASSACRE  OF  THE  FRENCH  KING!  [c.  Feb.  1793.] 
London:  Printed  at  the  Minerva  Office,  for  William  Lane,  Leadenhall- 

Street,  and  sold  wholesale  at  Two  Guineas  per  Hundred.  And  Retail 

by  every  Bookseller,  Stationer,  &c.  in  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland. 

Price  six-pence. 
Engraving.  Heading  to  a  broadside,  identical  with  that  of  No.  8308.  The 
scaffold  is  seen  from  the  side  facing  the  Champs-filysees,  the  King  lying 
under  the  guillotine  with  his  feet  towards  the  spectators.  Two  men  on  the 
scaffold  display  ( ?)  a  board  to  the  crowd.  In  the  foreground  are  the  heads 
and  shoulders  of  infantry  and  spectators.  In  the  background  are  buildings 
with  (behind)  a  church  spire.   See  No.  8297,  &c. 

de  Vinck,  No.  5 181. 

8307  MASSACRE  OF  THE  FRENCH  KING!  [c.  Feb.  1793.] 
London :  Printed  at  the  Minerva  Office,  for  William  Lane,  Leadenhall- 

Street,  and  sold  Wholesale  at  One  Guinea  per  Hundred.  And  Retail 
...  [as  No.  8306]  Price  Three-pence.  Where  may  be  had  an  exact 
and  authenticated  Copy  of  his  Will,  Price  One  Penny. 

Woodcut.    Heading  to  a  broadside,  identical  with  that  of  No.  8308.    A 
view  of  the  surface  of  the  scaffold  without  background.  The  King  lies  face- 

14 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1793 

downwards  as  in  No.  8306,  with  two  baskets  on  the  1,  of  the  guillotine.  The 
executioner  stands  in  back- view  holding  the  cord.  Two  men  stand  on  the  r. 

This  broadside  was  advertised  by  Lane  in  a  hand-bill  (B.M.L.,  1890. 
c.  18,  fo.  102)  addressed  *to  the  Subjects  of  Great-Britain  who  are  free  and 
happy',  the  cheap  price  to  enable  it  to  circulate  'in  every  Village  throughout 
the  Three  Kingdoms!'  'And  as  the  Spirit  of  this  Country  is  roused,  in 
Loyalty  to  our  most  excellent  King,  ...  It  is  highly  necessary  the  conduct 
of  France,  in  their  Destruction  of  Monarchy,  should  be  publicly  and 
universally  known.'  Distributing  agents  might  have  'at  a  day's  notice, 
from  one  to  ten  thousand  copies'.  For  the  will  of  Louis  XVI  see  No.  8309. 

A  similar  view  of  the  scaffold  from  the  opposite  side  is  a  pi.  to  the 
Wonderful  Magazine,  i.  65:  'Massacre  &  Execution  of  Louis  XVI  .  .  .', 
Mar.  I,  1793,  said  to  be  drawn  on  the  spot  by  M.  le  Brun.  (B.M.L., 
P.P.  5153  a.) 

de  Vinck,  No.  5182. 
$^x6f^'m.  Broadside,  i6Jx  I  if  in. 

8308  MASSACRE  OF  THE  FRENCH  KING  [c.  Feb.  1793.] 
London :  Printed  at  the  Minerva  Press,  for  William  Lane,  Leadenhall- 

Street;  .  .  .  Price  one  Shilling.^ 

Engraving.  Heading  to  a  black-bordered  broadside  printed  in  two  columns 
giving  an  account  of  the  execution  with  a  transcript  of  the  decrees  of  the 
Convention  of  15,  17,  19,  and  20  Jan.  Louis  XVI  lies  face  downwards 
under  the  guillotine,  which  is  on  the  1.  of  the  scaffold.  The  executioner 
stands  full-face  behind  the  instrument;  two  other  persons  (1.)  are  on  the 
scaffold.  Troops  surround  the  scaffold,  the  front  line  being  infantry  with 
fixed  bayonets.  Mounted  men  (1.)  beat  kettle-drums,  on  the  r.  one  blows 
a  trumpet.  Four  persons  have  numbers  referring  to  names  engraved 
beneath  the  design :  i  The  King,  2  His  Confessor  (Edgeworth,  who  stands 
(1.)  with  folded  hands  immediately  below  the  scaffold),  3  Gerif  Santerre 
(among  the  mounted  soldiers  (1.)  in  the  middle  distance),  4  Mayor  of  Paris, 
in  back  view  below  the  scaffold.  On  the  r.,  next  the  steps  leading  to  the 
scaffold,  is  the  King's  coach.  On  the  extreme  r.  are  the  walls  and  trees 
of  the  garden  of  the  Tuileries.  In  the  background  behind  the  scaffold  is 
the  Louvre.  Beneath  the  design:  La  Guillotine  or  the  Modern  Beheading 
Machine  at  Paris. 

See  Nos.  8306,  8307,  headings  to  a  broadside  textually  identical,  but 
differing  in  arrangement.   For  the  execution  see  also  No.  8297,  &c. 
5jx8  in.   Broadside,  19X13  in.  B.M.L.,  1890.  e.  18,  fo.  103. 

8309  THE  WILL  OF  LOUIS  THE  SIXTEENTH, . . .  TESTAMENT 
DE  LOUIS  SEIZE,  ...  [c.  Feb.  1793.] 

London:  Printed  at  the  Minerva  Press, for  William  Lane,  Leadenhall- 
street.  And  Sold  by  E.  Harlow,  Bookseller  to  her  Majesty,  Pall- 
Mall.  Price  one  shilling. 

Engraving.  Heading  to  the  will  printed  in  two  columns,  in  English  (1.)  and 
French  (r.).  An  oval  bust  portrait  of  Louis  XVI  directed  to  the  1.,  resting 
on  a  trophy  of  palm  and  olive  branches,  with  a  crown,  broken  sceptre, 
cherub's  head,  a  head  of  Medusa  or  Discord,  a  mitre,  and  crozier.  The  oval 
is  surmounted  by  an  irradiated  crown,  on  the  points  of  which  are  stars. 

'  Proof  impressions  were  advertised  at  zs.  6d.   Handbill  advertising  No.  8307. 

15 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

From  this  drapery  is  festooned,  inscribed  Louis.  XVI.  King  of  France. 
Beneath  the  trophy  is  a  scroll :  Born  at  Versailles,  23  Aug  1734.  Massacred 
at  Paris,  21  Jan^  1793.  See  No.  8297. 

The  will  of  Louis  XVI  had  a  great  effect  in  rousing  compassion  for  the 
King.  Many  copies  were  issued  in  various  formats.  It  was  printed  in 
The  [black-bordered]  Times  of  26  Jan.  1793,  and  also  on  fans  used  by 
emigres  (Schreiber  Coll.,  Nos.  121,  122).  See  de  Vinck,  Nos.  5233-51. 
5fgX7f  in.   Black-bordered  broadside,  2o|  in. 

With  portraits  of  Louis  XVI,  also  B.M.L.,  1858.  e.  1/5. 

8310  A  DEMOCRAT,— OR— REASON  &  PHILOSOPHY. 
[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  March  !"■  1793.  by  H.  Humphrey,  N"  18.  Old  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox,  a  ragged  sansculotte  with  blood- 
stained hands  and  a  dagger  dripping  blood  thrust  in  his  belt,  sings  Ca  ira! 
He  capers,  r.  hand  on  his  hip,  1.  hand  held  up;  expression  and  attitude 
suggest  quasi-intoxication,  a  blast  issues  from  his  posteriors.  On  his  fore- 
head is  a  patch  of  sticking-plaster.  He  is  unshaven  and  his  body  has  a  sub- 
human hairiness.  He  wears  the  ill-fitting  wig  of  an  artisan,  with  a  tricolour 
cockade. 

One  of  many  attacks  on  Fox  for  revolutionary  principles,  e.g.  Nos.  8286, 
9039.  Said  to  be  one  of  the  few  caricatures  at  which  he  was  really  offended. 
For  Fox  as  a  sansculotte  see  also  No.  8142.  For  the  connotation  of  'demo- 
crat' cf.  (e.g.)  Nos.  8320,  9055,  9178. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  167.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  98.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
i2i|X9i^gm. 

8311  FALSE    LIBERTY    REJECTED    OR    FRATERNIZING    & 
EQUALIZING  PRINCIPLES  DISCARDED 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  March  7.  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  where  may  be  had 

Compleat  Sets  of  Caricatures  on  the  French  Revolution  &  an  [sic] 

Every  Popular  Subjects,  an  Exhibition  Ad^  j* 
In  the  Exhibition  a  Complete  Model  of  the  Guillotine, 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales  stands  (1.)  turning 
from,  but  looking  towards,  Fox  and  Sheridan,  ragged  sansculottes,  who 
kneel  (r.)  on  the  farther  side  of  a  rail  inscribed  Hitherto  shall  ye  go  &  No 
Further.  In  the  background  and  on  the  extreme  1.  is  the  King,  saying, 
Bring  hither  the  fatted  Calf  we  will  rejoice  &  make  merry  for  I  have  found 
the  Sheep  that  was  lost.  The  Prince  says,  I  know  ye  not,  Vain  Proffligates. 
fall  to  your  prayers;  how  ill  White  hairs  become  a  fool  &  jester  .  .  .,  the 
quotation  continues,  written  as  prose,  and  slightly  altered,  to  adapt  it  to 
the  change  from  'Old  man'  to  'Vain  Proffligates'.  It  ends:  The  tutors  & 
the  Feeders  of  my  Riots;  vd  Henery  4    [Second  Part,  v.  v]. 

/  will  return  to  my  Father  &  say  unto  him.  Father  I  have  Sinned  against 
heaven  &  in  thy  sight,  and  am  no  more  worthy  to  be  called  thy  Son  make  me 
as  One  of  thy  Hired  Servants. 

Fox  and  Sheridan  weeping,  making  imploring  gestures  towards  the  Prince. 
From  Fox's  coat-pocket  projects  a  letter  with  a  tricolour  cockade:  Your 
affectionate  Brother  Egalite.  From  Sheridan's  pocket  issues  a  paper:  After 

16 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1793 

you  have  caused  the  same  Disturbances  in  Your  country  that  we  have  long 
enjoyed  here,  fly  to  the  Arms  of  your  Dear  Brother  Condorcet.  Both  are 
saying:  We  have  often  Devised  matter  enough  to  keep  him  in  Continual 
Laughfter,  the  wearing  out  of  Six  fashions,  which  is  four  terms,  or  two  Actions; 
&  he  has  Laughed  without  Intervalliums,  a  lye  with  a  strong  Oath,  &  a  Jest 
with  a  Sad  Brow,  has  done  with  a  Fellow  that  never  had  the  ache  in  his 
Shoulders,  we  have  seen  him  Laugh,  till  his  Face  has  been  like  a  Cloak  ill  laid 
Up;  v  Henery  4  (Incorrectly  quoted  from  v.  i.)  Below,  the  title:  No 
more  Coalitions  no  more  French  cut  Throats. 

The  Prince  had  ranged  himself  against  the  Foxites  in  an  effusively  loyal 
speech  on  the  proclamation  against  seditious  writings  (May  1792,  see 
No.  8095).  He  was  anxious  to  serve  abroad  {Letters  of  Sir  G.  Elliot, 
ii.  125),  and  his  hopeless  financial  position  made  him  wish  for  reconciliation 
with  the  King.  After  the  breach  in  1792  he  did  not  again  meet  Fox  and 
his  friends  till  a  dinner  at  Carlton  House  in  Mar.  1797.  Diaries  of  Lord 
Glenbervie,  1928,  i.  134;  Farington  Diary,  i.  201.  Cf.  No.  8317.  For 
!lSgalite  see  No.  8292,  &c.  For  Fox  as  Falstaff  see  No.  6974,  &c.  For  the 
Prince  as  the  Prodigal  Son  cf.  No.  7129.  For  the  Coalition  see  Nos.  6283, 
6361,  &c.,  and  cf.  Nos.  8330,  8426.  See  also  No.  8441. 
8|xi5|in. 

8312  THE  LAST  INTERVIEW  BETWEEN  LOUIS  XVI,  KING  OF 
FRANCE,  AND  HIS  FAMILY 

/;  Cruikshank  Del: 
Published  March  8.  iyg3  by  S.W.  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly.  Where  may 
be  seen  a  Model  of  the  Guillotine  6"  Feet  High. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  a  dungeon  with  one 
barred  window  (r.)  and  a  heavy  door  (1.).  Louis  XVI  stands  full-face, 
looking  towards  the  despairing  queen  whose  1.  hand  he  holds  in  his  1.  His 
daughter  (1.),  a  young  girl  kneeling  in  profile  to  the  r.,  holds  his  r.  hand, 
kissing  it.  The  little  Dauphin  stands  on  tip-toe,  clasping  his  father's  waist. 
Behind  (r.)  Mme  Elisabeth  sits  weeping  at  a  table,  on  which  are  an  open 
book  and  a  rosary. 

One  of  many  prints  on  the  same  subject,  the  last  interview  on  20  Jan. 
(not  to  be  confused  with  prints  on  the  separation  of  the  King  from  his 
family  on  29  Sept.  1792,  see  below).  See  de  Vinck,  Nos.  5099-5140; 
Hennin,  Nos.  11,408-11,426;  Dayot,  Rev.  fr.,  pp.  187-9.  ^°^  the 
execution  of  Louis  XVI  see  No.  8297,  &c. 

de  Vinck,  No.  5 117. 
8IX13I  in. 

A  print  by  Gillray,  not  in  B.M.,  pub.  20  Mar.  1793  by  Aitken,  Castle 
Street,  has  the  (translated)  title:  Les  Adieux  de  Louis  XVI  a  safamille.  A 
long  inscription^  (here  re-translated)  begins:  *It  is  an  exact  copy  of  an 
infamous  French  print,  which  formerly  appeared  in  Paris,  amongst 
innumerable  other  outrages  on  their  last  monarch.  It  is  now  copied  and 
published  on  the  order  of  the  agent  of  a  nation  of  cowardly  assassins,  that 
every  true  Englishman  regards  with  horror.'  It  is  a  burlesque  scene,  evi- 
dently (though  applied  to  the  final  parting)  of  the  first  separation  of 
Louis  XVI  from  his  family  on  29  Sept.  1792.  The  King,  fat  and  ragged, 

'  Apparently  written  over  an  engraved  4. 

^  Not  shown  in  the  reproduction,  and  evidently  below  the  title. 

17  c 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

is  interrupted  at  dinner,  and  stands  full-face  clasping  a  bottle  and  glass. 
The  Queen,  Dauphin,  Mme  Royale,  and  Princess  filisabeth,  grotesquely 
caricatured,  and  ragged,  weep  and  gesticulate  extravagantly.  Behind  are 
a  monk  holding  up  a  grossly  distorted  crucifix,  two  soldiers,  one  angry, 
and  prepared  to  club  the  Queen  with  his  musket,  the  other  laughing.  See 
No.  8312. 

Reproduction,  Dayot,  Rev.  fr.,  p.  188  (yx  io|  in.);  Fuchs,  p.  142. 

8313  DUMOURER  &  HIS  AID  DU  CAMP  ON  FULL  MARCH  TO 
SEAL  UP  THE  PAPERS  OF  THE  PRINCE  OF  ORANGE.  BY 
ORDER  OF  THE  CONVENTION  BUT  PREVENTED  BY  MESSRS 
FROG  &  CO— 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  March  13  1793  hy  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  where 
may  be  seen  a  Complete  Model  of  the  Guillotine  admitance  one  shilling. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Dumouriez,  followed  by  a  tall  and  ragged 
sansculotte,  marches  aggressively  towards  a  low  barricade  (1.),  behind  which 
are  frog-soldiers  presenting  their  bayonets  at  the  invaders.  Dumouriez, 
foppishly  dressed  in  regimentals,  but  with  bare  legs,  his  shirt  confined  by 
a  sash,  holds  against  his  shoulder  an  enormous  seal.  He  says,  holding  out 
his  r.  hand,  Mons^  Orange,  I  will  seal  up  your  Papers,  &  take  care  of  your 
Cash.  From  his  pocket  hangs  a  scroll:  New  Laws  for  Holland  Prepared  by 
the  Convention.  His  'aid  du  Camp'  holds  against  his  shoulder  a  gigantic 
piece  of  sealing-wax  inscribed  Fyn  Se  gelak  wel  brand  en  vart.  hotid,  in  his 
r.  hand  is  a  large  lighted  candle  or  taper.  He  says.  Aha.  Mon^  Grenouille 
I  wou^d  rather  eat  you  than  fight.  He  is  perhaps  Miranda,  Dumouriez* 
second  in  command. 

Dumouriez,  in  February,  was  threatening  an  invasion  of  Dutch  Flanders 
and  Zeeland,  relying  on  the  help  of  the  Dutch  patriots  (see  No.  7172,  &c., 
and  No.  8314).  This  was  prevented  by  lack  of  food  and  transport  and  by 
English  assistance  (naval  and  military)  to  the  Dutch  (under  the  treaty  of 
1788)  which  blocked  invasion  at  the  Hollandsdiep.  Dumouriez'  with- 
drawal to  the  main  French  army  in  Belgium  (9  Mar.)  marks  the  abandon- 
ment of  his  Dutch  scheme,  which  was  ended  by  the  defeat  of  Neerwinden, 
18  Mar.  (see  No.  8321,  &c.).  Cambridge  Hist,  of  British  Foreign  Policy, 
i,  233-4,  239.  J-  H.  Rose  and  A.  M.  Broadley,  Dumouriez  and  the  Defence 
of  England,  1909,  pp.  161  ff.  (reproduction,  p.  184).  See  Nos.  8290, 
8299,  &c.,  8314,  p.  19. 
8|xi3  in. 

8314  [DUMOURIEZ  AND  THE  HOLLANDER.]     [c.  March  1793.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  Dutch  print  based  on  No.  5612. 
Dumouriez  and  a  Hollander  take  the  place  of  the  Frenchman  and  John  Bull. 
Dumouriez  (1.)  is  copied  from  the  Frenchman  (reversed),  but  instead  of  a 
snuff-box  he  holds  the  cap  of  Liberty  on  a  staff  from  which  hang  ribbons. 
He  turns  his  head  in  profile  to  the  r.,  scowling,  but  says,  vrijheid  goede 
Hollander.  The  Dutchman  holds  a  pipe,  not  a  tankard ;  he  wears  a  loose 
shirt,  coat,  and  trousers,  with  a  broad-brimmed  hat  (unlike  the  Dutchman 
of  English  caricature).  He  answers  Weg  roofzieke  fransman  [go  away 
rapacious  Frenchman].  The  greyhound  of  No.  5612  is  replaced  by  a  cock 
with  a  favour  (intended  to  be  tricolour,  but  not  so  coloured),  looking  arro- 

18 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   I793 

gantly  towards  the  Dutchman.  By  the  latter  lies  the  Dutch  lion  holding 
a  sword.   Beneath  Dumouriez: 

Mijn  goede  vriend  qijword  misleid,  hoar  hoe  ik  voor  il  Vrijheid  pleit,  Ik  ml 
d  riiste  geven  [My  good  friend,  you  are  deceived,  listen  how  I  plead  for 
Liberty.   I  will  give  you  peace]. 

Beneath  the  Dutchman : 

Vertrek  ik  rust  stil  bij  mijn  Leeuw.  u  prulle  kraam  isfrans  geschreuw,  Oranje 
is  mijn  leven-  [I  still  get  peace  from  my  lion.  Your  talk  is  French  rhetoric. 
Orange  is  my  life.]     Zie  Uiterse  C°  N'^  3. 

An  Orangist  print  directed  against  the  'patriots'  who  welcomed  a  French 
invasion.  Dumouriez  said  (Apr.  1793):  'les  Hollandais  me  desiraient.' 
Sorel,  U Europe  et  la  Rev.  frangaise,  1908,  iii.  336.    See  Nos.  8299,  ^3^3- 

The  original,  by  Gillray,  was  probably  published  in  1788 :  in  John  Bull  at 
the  Sign,  the  Case  is  altered,  2  Mar.  1801  (see  Vol.  viii),  a  copy  of  No.  5612 
is  inscribed  'A  Frenchman  in  1788  .  .  .'. 
5iX7f  in. 

Under  Van  Stolk,  No.  5473 : 

SURRENDER  OF  BREDA,  OR  PLENTY  OF  BREECHES  FOR 
THE  SANS  CULOTTES,  AND  MONEY  FOR  THEIR  MASTER. 
GENERAL  CONTRIBUTION. 

[Pub.  Dent  and  sold  Aitken  10  Mar.  1793] 

Engraving.  French  Jacobins  rob  Dutchmen  of  their  breeches  (words  not 
transcribed).  In  the  middle  distance  a  Frenchman  takes  from  a  Dutchman 
a  large  sack  of  200,000  Florins,  saying,  Thus  we  Fraternise;  the  other  says, 
Then  we  are  undone — and  mockt  with  the  Cap  of  Liberty  and  woe  to  us  for 
Cowardly  and  treaherously  [sic]  forbearing  to  resist  these  free  booters.  See 
No.  8313,  &c.  Cf.  No.  8846,  &c. 

8315  A  SCENE  IN  THE  CROWN  &  ANCHOR  TAVERN  OR  A 
CRACK  IN  THE  WIG  CLUB 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Fuh  March  ly  iyg3  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  where  may  be  had 
Complete  setts  of  Caricatures  on  th  [sic]  french  Revolution  &  on  every 
Popular  Subject.  An  Exhibition  Ad"^  J*  in  which  is  a  correct  Model 
of  the  Guillotine  6  feet  high 

Engraving.  Fox  and  Sheridan  (1.)  sit  together  at  the  head  of  a  rectangular 
table  on  which  is  a  punch-bowl,  &c.,  looking  with  dismay  at  whigs  (r.),  who 
advance  to  hurl  their  wigs  at  a  large  pile  of  wigs  on  the  1.  (inscribed  The 
Heads  having  Scratched  out  of  the  Club),  or  retire,  having  already  done  so. 
Fox  and  Sheridan  wear  enormous  wigs,  the  former  says.  Brother:  Brother: 
we  are  all  in  the  wrong  (showing  that  they  are  Peachum  and  Lockit^  in  Gay's 
Beggar's  Opera,  11.  ii).  Before  Fox  is  a  list  with  names  scored  through. 
Sheridan  grasps  a  bottle  of  Sherry.  A  couple  advance  together,  in  the  act 
of  hurling  their  large  wigs  at  the  pile ;  one  says,  /  will  Scratch  out  my  Name 
in  hopes  of  getting  in  for  the  City  (probably  Nathaniel  Newnham,  returned 
for  the  City  1784,  but  defeated  in  1790,  cf.  No.  7162).  The  other  is  perhaps 

'  Like  Newcastle  and  Fox  in  1756  (No.  3371),  Burke  and  Sheridan  in  1790 
(No.  7627),  Burke  and  Fox  in  1791  (No.  7856). 

19 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Windham.  The  only  one  of  the  retiring  wigless  Whigs  who  is  characterized 
is  Burke.  All  say:  We  have  erazed  our  Names  for  ever  from  the  Club,  when 
the  Artful  &  Ambitious  designs  of  a  Faction  are  carried  on  under  a  Mask  of 
Prudential  Reform  &  when  the  leading  Members  are  Notoriously  known  to 
Carry  on  a  secret  Correspondence  with  the  Avowed  Enemies  of  the  Constitution 
they  Affect  to  Support  &  Defend  it  is  high  time  for  all  prudent  &  realfriends 
to  that  Constitution  to  leave  them  to  their  Just  Punishment,  the  Contemp  of  all 
true  Friends  to  their  King  and  Constitution. 

At  a  specially  numerous  meeting  of  the  Whig  Club^  (at  the  London 
Tavern),  a  letter  was  read  from  45  members  resigning  from  the  club  on 
account  of  its  political  attitude,  especially  its  approval  on  20  Feb.  of 
'M""  Fox's  political  conduct  and  sentiments  during  the  present  session 
of  parliament'.  The  signatories  include  Burke  and  his  son,  Windham, 
and  Newnham.  Press  cutting,  n.d.,  Place  MSS.  B.M.  Add.  27,837, 
fo.  46  B.  For  the  disruption  of  the  Whig  party  see  Life  and  Letters  of 
Sir  G.  Elliot,  ii.  80  ff.;  Auckland  Corr.,  ii.  487,  495,  498.  Lord  Holland 
calls  it  'a  feverish  and  unnatural  separation',  after  which  the  greater  part 
of  the  Whigs  soon  drifted  back  to  Fox.  Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party,  1852, 
i.  78.  See  also  (e.g.)  Nos.  8140,  8286,  8316,  8330,  8338,  8618.  For  the 
Crown  and  Anchor  cf.  No.  7892. 
8|xi3iin. 

8316  THE  CHANCELLOR  OF  THE  INQUISITION  MARKING 
THE  INCORRIGIBLES. 

7*  Gy  des^  et  fed  pro  bono  publico. 

Pu¥  March  ig^]  1793,  by  H.  Humphrey  N  18,  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Burke,  writing  as  he  walks,  advances 
towards  the  door  of  the  Crown  &  Anchor  tavern,  over  which  is  inscribed 
British  Inquisition.  He  wears  a  skull-cap  and  long  legal  robe,  from  his  waist 
hangs  a  bag  like  that  of  the  Great  Seal,  on  which  the  royal  arms  are  replaced 
by  a  crown  and  anchor  and  having  a  skull  at  each  corner.  His  head  is  in 
profile  to  the  1.  and  he  scowls  with  fiercely  protruding  lips.  He  holds  up 
a  large  sheaf  of  paper  headed  Black  List,  his  pen  touching  the  last  word 
of  the  inscription  (a  parody  of  Richard  III) :  Beware  ofN — rf — kf — P — tl — d 
loves  us  not! — The  R — 55 — Vs  will  not  join  us  The  Man  of  the  People  [Fox] 
has  lived  too  long  for  us!  The  Friends  of  the  People  must  be  blasted  by  us! 
Sherridan,  Ersk[ine].  On  one  of  the  door-posts  is  a  narrow  slit  inscribed 
Anonymous — Letter  Box.  The  door  of  the  famous  tavern  appears  to  be 
correctly  depicted,  but  its  lamps  are  surmounted  by  royal  crowns. 

A  satire  on  the  split  in  the  Whig  party,  see  No.  8315,  on  the  attitude  to 
his  old  friends  of  Burke  (much  more  anti-revolutionary  than  Pitt  and 
Grenville),  cf.  No.  7865,  &c.,  and  on  the  propagandist  activities  of  the 
'Association  for  preserving  Liberty  and  Property  . . .',  known  as  the  Crown 
and  Anchor  Society  (because  its  head-quarters  were  in  that  building),  see 
No.  8138,  &c.  It  received  much  correspondence  (Nov.  1792-Feb.  1793), 
some  anonymous,  on  seditious  or  suspect  activities,  see  B.M.  Add.  MSS. 
16,919-28.  Cf.  Nos.  8138,  &c.,  8284,  8289,  8318,  8424,  8609,  8699,  and 
Index  of  Persons,  s.v.  Reeves  (called  by  Coleridge  in  1795,  'captain- 
commandant  of  the  spy-gang',  Essays  on  his  own  Times,  1850,  i.  79  n.). 

'  The  meeting  was  during  the  last  illness  of  the  Earl  of  Bessborough,  d.  1 1  Mar. 
1793. 

20 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

For  the  Friends  of  the  People  (formed  11  Apr.  1792)  see  No.  8087.  For 
Gillray's  attitude  to  the  Society  cf.  Nos.  8318,  8699. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  167.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  99.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.y 
1830. 
12IX9I  ^' 

8317  WHICH  WAY  SHALL  I  TURN  ME  HOW  SHALL  I  DECIDE. 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Puh  March  25  J793  hy  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  where  may  be  seen 
the  Completest  Collection  of  Caricatures  in  Europe  Also  a  Correct 
Model  of  the  Guillotine  6  Feet  high  Admitt  i  Shilling 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  sits  on  the  ground,  contemplating 
suicide.  His  hair  rises  in  horror  as  he  listens  to  words  which  dart  towards 
him  in  the  guise  of  flashes  of  lightning:  Thy  Country  Expatriate  thee;  Thy 
Crony's  Impeach  thee  [cf.  No.  7861] ;  The  Wigs  forsake  thee  [cf.  No.  8315] ; 
The  Prince  discards  thee  [cf .  No.  83 1 1] ;  Thy  Friends  Abjure  thee ;  The  People 
despise  thee ;  All  true  friends  to  their  King  &  Constitution  Abhor  thee  [cf. 
No.  8287].  Two  messages  (1.)  are  surrounded  with  rays:  The  Sam  Culottes 
admire  thee ;  The  Poissards  Love  thee.  In  Fox's  r.  hand  is  a  dagger,  under 
his  I.  hand  is  a  large  bowl  of  Poison.  Beside  him  (1.)  is  a  gallows  inscribed 
Pro  Patria,  from  which  hangs  a  noose. 

Cf.  No.  6 19 1  (1783)  in  which  Fox  is  offered  by  the  Devil  the  choice  of 
dagger,  pistol,  halter,  poison.    One  of  many  prints  of  Fox  as  a  Jacobin, 
cf.  No.  8286. 
8|xi3|in. 

8318  DUMOURIER  DINING  IN  STATE  AT   ST  JAMES'S,  ON 
THE  15TH  OF  MAY,  1793. 

Vide  His  own  Declaration,  as  printed  by  the  Anti-levelling  Societies. 

y^  Gy  des*^  et  fed  pro  bono  publico. 

Pu¥  March  jo'*  1793.  by  H.  Humphrey  N"  18  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Dumouriez  (r.)  sits  in  a  gothic  chair 
(reminiscent  of  the  Coronation  chair),  at  the  royal  dinner-table.  Three 
cooks  advance  towards  him,  wearing  bonnets-rouges  with  tricolour  cock- 
ades, aprons,  and  over-sleeves.  They  are  Fox,  the  foremost,  proffering 
the  steaming  head  of  Pitt ;  at  his  belt,  in  place  of  a  cook's  knife,  hangs  a 
dagger.  Sheridan,  on  Fox's  1.,  proffers  a  dish  on  which  steams  a  broken 
royal  crown.  On  the  extreme  1.  Priestley  enters  in  profile  to  the  r.,  holding 
up  a  dish  containing  a  mitre.  The  dishes  have  a  garnish  of  frogs.  All  look 
with  eager  courtesy  towards  Dumouriez,  who  sits  with  famished  expec- 
tancy, a  dagger  in  one  hand,  a  fork  in  the  other.  He  is  much  caricatured, 
thin,  and  unshaven,  with  straggling  hair  and  long  pigtail.  He  wears  a  large 
feather-trimmed  cocked  hat,  lace  ruffles,  a  gold-laced  and  ragged  military 
tunic,  a  tattered  shirt  over  bare  legs.  His  plate  bears  the  royal  arms ;  other 
gold  plate  is  in  the  form  of  inverted  coronets  and  of  a  Communion  cup 
with  the  letters  SIH  (reversed).  Two  spoons  are  decorated  with  the  red 
hand  of  a  baronet.  These  objects  indicate  that  Dumouriez  has  come  to 
overthrow  the  monarchy,  the  Church  and  hereditary  rank.  On  the  back 
of  his  gothic  chair  is  a  red  cap  of  Libertas.  Below  the  design:  To  the  worthy 
Members  of  the  Society  at  the  Crozon  &  Anchor^  this  Print,  illustrative  of 

21 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Treasons  in  Embryo,  {by  them  hunted  out  &  exposed,)  is  submitted,  by  an 
admirer  of  their  Loyal  principles  &  truly  Classic  publications. 

Dumouriez  was  much  talked  of  in  England  at  the  beginning  of  1793. 
The  print  appears  to  have  been  designed  before  news  of  the  defeat  of 
Neewinden  (18  Mar.)  reached  London  on  25  Mar.  The  bare  fact  was 
announced  in  the  Gazette  of  26  Mar.  (see  No.  8321).  Gillray's  attitude 
to  the  Crown  and  Anchor  Society  appears  ironical,  cf.  Nos.  8316,  8699. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  168.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  101.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  J.  H.  Rose  and  A.  M.  Broadley,  Dumouriez  and  the 
Defence  of  England,  1909,  p.  188. 
ii|xi4jin.  (pi.). 

83 1 8  A  A  copy,  Ja^  Gillray  del',  faces  p.  144  of  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 
Impression  in  Print  Room. 

de  Vinck,  No.  4671  (where  Sheridan  and  Priestley  are  identified  as 
George  III  and  Queen  Charlotte). 
7X8|in. 


8319  MASSACRE  OF  THE  UNFORTUNATE  FRENCH  KING, 
WITH  A  VIEW  OF  LA  GUILLOTINE,  OR  THE  MODERN  FRENCH 
BEHEADING  MACHINE. 

Thornton  Sculpt. 

Published  by  Alex''  Hogg.  April  i.  1793. 

Engraving.  Louis  XVI  lies  under  the  guillotine,  the  executioner  and  two 
other  men  stand  on  the  scaffold.  Four  figures  have  numbers  referring  to 
an  explanation  below  the  title:  i  The  Monarch,  2  His  Confessor  (Edge- 
worth),  standing  praying  in  profile  to  the  r.  below  the  scaflTold  facing  the 
King,  J  General  Santerre,  on  the  scaffold,  4  The  Mayor  of  Paris  standing 
among  the  soldiers  who  surround  the  scaffold.  On  the  r.  is  the  coach  in 
which  the  King  drove  to  the  Place  de  la  Revolution.   See  No.  8297,  &c. 

de  Vinck,  No.  5186. 
6|X4i®gin. 

8320  BRITANNIA  BETWEEN  SCYLLA  AND  CHARYBDIS. 
J^  Qy  des**  et  fed  pro  bono  publico 

Pu¥  April  8'^  1793  by  H.  Humphrey  N  18  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  steers  a  small  boat.  The  Constitu- 
tion, with  a  single  sail,  a  Union  pennant  flying  from  the  mast,  through  huge 
waves  between  a  high  rock  (I.)  and  a  whirlpool  whose  circumference  is  an 
inverted  crown  which  merges  in  the  swirling  water.  He  is  in  profile  to  the 
r.,  gazing  fixedly  at  a  castle  on  a  promontory  (r.)  among  still  waters,  which 
flies  a  flag  inscribed  Haven  of  Public  Happiness.  Britannia,  a  buxom  young 
woman,  sits  in  the  boat,  her  hands  raised  in  alarm,  her  head  turned  towards 
the  rock,  on  the  summit  of  which  is  a  large  bonnet-rouge  with  a  tricolour 
cockade  on  a  post  within  a  ramshackle  fence.  Spray  dashes  against  Scylla ; 
beside  the  rock  and  in  the  foreground  (1.)  three  sharks  with  human  heads 
closely  pursue  Pitt's  boat:  Sheridan,  Fox,  and  Priestley  (good  profile 
portraits),  their  eyes  fixed  menacingly  on  the  boat.  They  are:  Sharks; 
Dogs  of  Scylla.  Beneath  the  title:  or — The  Vessel  of  the  Constitution 
steered  clear  of  the  Rock  of  Democracy  [cf.  No.  8310],  and  the  Whirlpool  of 
A  rbitrary-Power. 

22 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

For  the  enthusiasm  for  the  Constitution  see  No.  8287,  &c.  For  the 
Opposition  Whigs,  cf.  No.  8315.  An  anticipation  of  Canning's  The  Pilot 
that  weathered  the  Storm. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  168-9  (reproduction);  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  102. 
Rqjrinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
io|xi3f  in. 

8321  THE  GREAT  DUMOURIER  TAKING  FRENCH  LEAVE  OF 
THE  NETHERLANDS 

[Dent.] 

Sold  by  J  Aitken  N"  14  Castle  Street  Leicester  Fields  London 

Pub  by  W  Dent  April  lygs 

Engraving.  A  thin,  grotesque  French  officer  flees  in  terror  with  out- 
stretched arms  from  the  beak  of  a  bird  (1.)  which  is  about  to  peck  his 
posteriors.  He  is  a  sansculotte,  without  breeches,  wearing  a  military  coat 
and  ruffled  shirt.  His  hair  and  long  pigtail  fly  out  behind  him ;  his  cocked 
hat  flies  off;  the  cockade  is  inscribed  Ca  ira,  ironically  translated  Go  it. 
Before  him  (r.)  the  rear  ranks  of  the  French  army  are  seen  running  away 
at  full  speed,  but  in  orderly  formation.  Dumouriez  says :  Dam  the  Rotter- 
damers!  Dam  the  Amsterdamers!  neither  Breakfast  nor  Breeches  obtained — 
and  no  more  pickings  in  Belgia,  but  my  Rear  in  danger  of  being  pickt  by  the 
Imperial  Eagle.  The  bird  resembles  a  goose  more  than  an  eagle  except  for 
its  predatory  beak.  The  French  troops  say:  Go  it — Master's  limbs  are  on 
full  Stretch  its  the  Devil  take  the  hindmost — this  is  running  in  the  Old 
French  Style. 

A  satire  on  the  evacuation  of  the  Netherlands  by  the  French  after  the 
defeat  of  Neewinden.  This  was  not  a  flight,  but  the  result  of  an  informal 
armistice  on  23  Mar.  between  Dumouriez  and  the  Prince  of  Coburg. 
J.  H.  Rose  and  A.  M.  Broadley,  Dumouriez  and  the  Defence  of  England, 
1909,  p.  175,  and  Nos.  8313,  8322,  8324. 

MuUer,  No.  5223. 
8|xio|  in. 

8322  A  DOSE  FOR  DUMOURIER 

[?  I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  April  II  lygs  by  S.  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  Where  may  be  seen 

a  Modle  of  the  Guillotine  6  feet  high  also  the  Head  and  Hand  of  Count 

Struensee  Admittance  one  Shilling 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Dumouriez  runs  forward  (r.  to  1.),  hold- 
ing out  his  sword  in  his  1.  hand,  a  paper  in  his  r.  inscribed  Je  Grains  Citoyens 
de  vous  enuier  par  le  recit  de  mes  Victoires  Dumourier.  He  sheds  tears  and 
vomits  a  stream  of  church  plate,  coins,  and  fortresses  inscribed,  respec- 
tively, Anvers,  Bruxelles,  Louvain.  He  urinates  a  stream  in  which  are  three 
other  fortresses:  Klundert,  Breda,  Gertruidenberg.  Two  stout  Dutchmen 
on  the  extreme  v.,  standing  on  a  fortification,  urinate  over  the  heads  of 
intermediate  soldiers  on  to  Dumouriez'  large  cocked  hat,  from  which  two 
streams  fall  to  the  ground.  An  Austrian  officer  with  a  drawn  sabre  (probably 
Coburg)  rides  after  Dumouriez,  behind  him  advance  grinning  and  mus- 
tachioed Austrian  infantry  with  muskets,  saying :  ah  Ca  ira  Ca  ira.  In 
the  foreground,  behind  Dumouriez,  is  an  officer  holding  a  large  syringe 

23 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

inscribed  la  [  ?]  seringue  De  Clerfait ;  he  grins  exultantly.  On  the  extreme 
r.  are  a  cannon  and  a  pyramid  of  cannon-balls  inscribed  Pilulles  Purgatives 
pour  les  Salsaottes  [  ?  Sansculottes]  francais.  In  the  foreground  in  front  of 
Dumouriez  lies  a  woman,  stabbed  to  the  heart,  holding  the  (broken)  staff 
and  cap  of  Liberty.  She  is  la  vraie  Liberie  Morte.  In  the  distance  (1.)  are 
fleeing  soldiers.  Beneath  the  design :  Evacuation  of  holland  and  Brabant  or 
Evacuation  de  la  hollande  et  du  Brabant. 

A  satire  on  Dumouriez'  retreat  from  Belgium  after  Neerwinden  ( 1 8  Mar.), 
where  Clerfayt  commanded  the  Austrian  left  wing.  Forces  masking 
Breda,  Gertruydenberg,  and  Klundert  were  withdrawn.  Dumouriez 
promised  the  Belgians  at  Brussels  on  1 1  Mar.  to  restore  the  church  plate 
stolen  by  agents  of  the  Convention.  Rose  and  Broadley,  Dumouriez 
and  the  Defence  of  England,  1919,  p.  167;  de  Vinck,  Nos.  4637-9.  See 
No.  8321,  &c. 

Van  Stolk,  No.  5 119.  MuUer,  S.,  No.  5224  A. 
9X14!  in. 

8323  FAST  DAY! 

Designed  &  Etched  by  R.  Newton. 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland,  50  Oxford  S^  April  ig,  1793. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Four  very  fat  and  grotesquely  ugly 
parsons  greedily  surround  a  circular  table  laden  with  food  and  drink.  The 
two  in  the  foreground  face  each  other  in  profile:  one  (1.)  holds  knife  and 
fork  vertically,  about  to  eat;  his  wig  hangs  on  the  wall  behind  him;  the 
other,  stooping  near-sightedly,  carves  a  large  turkey.  The  other  two  stand 
behind  the  table,  clinking  glasses;  one  (1.)  says:  Here\  our  old  Friend;  the 
other  answers  with  a  grin :  You  mean  the  Church,  I  suppose.  Below  the  title : 

Fasting  and  Prayer,  attending  the  Church  Bell, 
That,  thafs  the  way,  good  Christians,  to  live  well! 

Fasts  were  occasionally  proclaimed  during  the  War.  On  i  Mar.  the 
King  proclaimed  for  19  Apr.  *a  Public  Fast  and  Humiliation',  to  intercede 
for  'God's  blessing  and  assistance  on  our  arms,  and  for  restoring  and  per- 
petuating peace,  safety  and  prosperity  .  .  .*.  Gazette,  2  Mar.  1793.  This 
satire  on  the  Church  was  timed  to  appear  on  the  Fast  Day.  A  plate  on  the 
same  subject  by  Rowlandson  was  published  (?  reissued)  on  20  Mar.  1812. 
See  No.  8428,  &c. 
9jXi3^in. 

8324  THE  NATIONAL  CONVENTION  BOTHERED ;  OR  GENERAL 
DUMOURIER  ARRESTING  THE  FRENCH  COMMISSIONERS 
WHO  WERE  SENT  TO  TAKE  HIM  INTO  CUSTODY. 

Drawn  by  Doddfrom  a  Sketch  taken  on  the  Spot.    Wilkes  Sculp 
Published  by  C.  Johnson.  Saturday  April  27,  1793. 

Engraving.  Wonderful  Magazine,  i.  189.  Design  in  a  frame  decorated  with 
military  trophies.  Dumouriez  (r.)  stands  beside  his  tent,  pointing  at  six 
dismayed  civilians  who  are  being  hustled  off  by  soldiers  holding  muskets 
with  bayonets.  Illustration  to  humorous  verses  signed  Thomas  Bellamy, 
describing  the  arrest  (on  2  Apr.)  of  Beurnonville,  Minister  of  War,  and 

24 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

the  four  Commissioners  sent  by  the  Convention  to  remove  him  from  his 

command.   They  end: 

May  blessings  on  our  favour'd  land  for  ever  increase,  Sir, 
And  Britons  know  the  joys  of  a  long  and  lasting  peace,  Sir; 
For  their's  is  the  glorious,  the  upright  intention, 
To  lend  a  ready  hand  to  crush  the  Base  Convention. 

The  commissioners  were  Camus,  Bancal,  Quinette,  and  Lamarque. 
They  were  handed  over  by  Dumouriez  to  Coburg  as  hostages.    See 
No.  8321,  &c.,  and  de  Vinck,  Nos.  4655-60,  4666. 
4X6iin.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5153.  a. 

A  copy  of  a  print  on  this  subject  by  Dent,  the  inscriptions  translated 
into  French,  is  a  plate  in  Jaime,  PL.  (629),  Les  Commissatres  devenus  des 
otages.  .  .  .  Seven  men  wearing  bonnets-rouges  through  which  project  long 
asses'  ears  sit  on  stools  in  a  dungeon.  Each  has  a  noose  round  his  neck,  the 
rope  being  attached  to  the  wall.  They  all  make  exclamations  of  anger  or 
regret.  (B.M.L.,  1266.  g.  5.) 

8325  THE  POLITICAL  PAWN  BROKERS 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  May  5  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly,  where  may 
be  seen  a  compleat  Model  of  the  Guilotin  6  feet  High  also  the  Head 
and  hand  of  O  Streuenzee :  Books  of  Caracaturs  &c  Admitance 
I  Sh 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  a  pawnbroker's  shop,  a 
counter  running  round  three  sides  of  it,  the  customers  in  the  foreground. 
Behind  the  counter  on  the  r.  stands  Pitt,  a  pen  behind  his  ear,  talking  to 
a  stout  Lord  Mayor  in  civic  robes,  who  offers  him  a  chain  with  a  jewel  on 
it.  The  Mayor  holds  the  mace,  its  head  projecting  from  under  his  robe. 
On  the  ground  at  his  feet  is  plate  marked  with  the  arms  of  the  City.  He 
says :  you  know  you  promised  me  100  Thousand.  On  the  opposite  side  are 
three  bearded  Jews  chaffering  with  Grenville,  who  stands  behind  the 
counter  holding  up  a  goblet  at  which  he  peers  near-sightedly.  One  Jew  (1.) 
says :  By  Got  it  ish  pure  fine  Goild  only  you  cannot  shee  the  Mark  ish  it  not 
Mosses;  the  other,  holding  out  his  hands  deprecatingly,  answers:  pon  my 
honor  as  I  am  an  honest  man.  The  third,  a  sack  on  his  back,  says  to  Gren- 
ville :  Look  a  little  closher  if  you  pleash.  Buckles,  rings,  &c.,  lie  on  the 
counter. 

In  the  centre,  and  at  the  back  of  the  shop,  a  gaunt  Scot  leans  on  the 
counter  saying  to  Dundas,  who  listens  with  folded  fingers:  Brither,  wee* I 
yee  len'  me  a  thusand  Fund  I'll  gie  you  looo  Barrels  o  Brimston  in  Pawn 
and  yen  for  your  ain  use.  Under  his  arm  is  a  small  cask ;  he  takes  snuff 
from  a  ram's-horn  mull. 

A  satire  on  the  loan  proposed  by  Pitt  on  27  Mar.:  ^^4, 500,000  in 
3%  annuities  to  be  issued  at  72.  Pitt  acknowledged  that  the  terms  were 
disadvantageous:  he  had  made  the  loan  public  through  the  Bank  of 
England,  saying  he  would  close  with  the  best  offer ;  the  only  offer  was  the 
one  put  before  the  House.  London  Chronicle,  28  Mar.  1793.  See  New- 
march,  On  the  Loans  raised  by  Mr.  Pitt,  i'jg3-i8oi,  1855,  pp.  7-10.  Cf. 
No.  8326. 
8|xi4|in. 

25 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8326  TWO  TO  ONE,   OR,  AN  ATTEMPT  TO  OUTWIT  THE 
YOUNG  PAWNBROKER.  [?  May  1793.] 

Vide  Lord  K — g's  Speech 
[Dent.] 
Pu¥  by  J  Aitken  N°  14  Castle  Street,  Leicester  Fields,  London, 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  stands  behind 
the  counter  of  a  pawnbroker's  shop ;  he  hands  to  an  exultant  Jew  a  paper 
inscribed  4000;  a  large  sack  stands  on  the  counter  between  them.  The 
Jew  says :  As  mush  above  Four  Tousand  as  you  pleash,  and  dere  vos  de  costs, 
precious  stones  in  de  rough,  but  no  rubbish,  by  Cot  a  mighty — is  dere  Moses? 
The  second  Jew  also  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  his  hands  raised  in  depreca- 
tory affirmation ;  he  answers :  No,  I  vos  Swear  dat.  Both  are  bearded  and 
wear  low  wide-brimmed  hats.  A  stout  man  advances  from  the  1.,  carrying 
a  pyramid  of  three  tea-chests  on  his  head;  he  says:  They  wont  know  Sloe 
Leaves  from  Bohea.  In  the  background  under  an  arched  doorway  a 
fashionably  dressed  cloth-merchant  carrying  his  rolls  of  stuff  addresses  a 
man  in  Highland  dress  (1.)  with  a  roll  of  material  under  his  arm:  Do  you 
think  they  will  measure  every  Yard  of  my  Cloth?  The  Scot  answers:  Yes, 
but  my  stuff  will  do  for  I  have  a  bonny  friend  [Dundas]  to  Speak  for  me.  In 
the  shop  window  are  three  balls,  Money  Lent,  and  various  objects.  Above 
Pitt's  head  are  shelves  on  which  are  a  bellows,  warming-pan,  &c. 

Probably  a  satire  on  Pitt's  loan,  see  No.  8325.  Lord  King  was  an  almost 
silent  supporter  of  the  Government. 
9fXi3f  in. 

RIGHTS  OF  MAN  ALIAS  FRENCH  LIBERTY  ALIAS  ENTERING 
VOLUNTEERS  FOR  THE  REPUBLIC  [?  7  May  1793.] 

See  No.  7853.  The  date  1791  is  probably  an  engraver's  error  for  1793. 

8327  FATIGUES  OF  THE  CAMPAIGN  IN  FLANDERS. 
J'  Qy  des""  etfed 

Publish' d  May  20^^  1793,  by  H.  Humphrey,  N°  18,  Old  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  staff  dinner  in  a  large  open  tent.  At 
the  head  of  the  table  the  Duke  of  York  carouses ;  a  fat  Flemish  woman 
seated  on  his  knee  plays  with  his  sword ;  he  raises  a  full  glass,  looking  down 
at  the  woman.  He  is  seated  on  a  drum,  his  1.  foot  rests  on  a  tattered 
British  flag,  beside  which  lies  a  bundle  of  muskets.  On  the  table  is  a  punch- 
bowl ornamented  with  the  royal  arms.  On  one  side  (next  the  Duke)  sits 
the  Prince  of  Orange,  a  fat  and  stolid  Dutch  officer  smoking  a  pipe  and 
holding  a  small  tankard.  Facing  him  is  a  savage-looking  (?)  Austrian 
officer  wearing  a  cap ;  his  drawn  sabre  is  on  the  table,  he  drinks  wine  vora- 
ciously from  a  bottle,  his  I.  arm  round  the  waist  of  a  stout  Flemish  woman 
seated  beside  him  on  the  cannon  which  forms  a  seat ;  she  raises  her  glass, 
holding  a  smoking  pipe.  Next  the  Dutchman  a  British  officer  and  a  fat 
Flemish  woman  are  kissing.  Behind  the  seated  officers  stand  bandsmen 
wearing  cocked  hats  and  blowing  wind  instruments  with  great  energy;  a 
negro  clashes  his  cymbals  behind  the  Duke.  On  the  extreme  r.  two  files 
of  gaunt  and  emaciated  British  foot-guards  advance  behind  the  Duke 
carrying  wine-bottles,  glasses,  and  a  punch-bowl,  also  with  the  royal  arms. 
Empty  bottles  are  stacked  under  the  table.  Behind  (1.),  a  file  of  conical 
tents  recedes  in  perspective;  the  three  flags  which  fly  from  them  are 

26 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

British,  Austrian,  and  Hanoverian.  Dutch  and  Austrian  officers  are  carica- 
tured, but  not  the  Duke,  who  is  handsome  and  florid.  The  Flemish  women 
with  their  wide  straw  hats  are  studies  of  type  and  costume. 

The  Duke's  'own  deportment  is  perfectly  steady  and  unexceptionable, 
and  the  stories  which  are  spread  of  his  drinking  are  absolutely  false  .  .  .'. 
But  the  very  young  men  of  his  immediate  circle  caused  'a  levity  of  manners 
at  head-quarters'.  Letter  to  Sir  G.  Elliot,  2  Nov.  1793.  Corr.  of  Sir  G. 
Elliot,  ii.  185  n.  He  and  his  staff  lived  luxuriously  in  the  field;  Hanoverian 
mules  carried,  'on  a  march,  cold  meats,  the  service  of  plate,  rich  wines  and 
other  necessary  articles  of  refreshment.  .  .  .  The  cooks  and  servants  .  .  . 
preceded  ...  in  large  covered  waggons'.  Narrative  of  the  War  by  an  Officer 
of  the  Guards  [1796],  i.  80  n.  See  also  Nos.  8329,  8351,  8355,  8425,  8433, 
8493,  8789,  8790,  8791. 

In  1793  Gillray  went  to  "Flanders  with  de  Loutherbourg  to  follow  the 
Duke  of  York's  expedition,  the  latter  making  studies  for  his  picture  of  the 
siege  of  Valenciennes  (which  began  early  in  June  1793). 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  169-70  (small  copy).   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  100. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Van  Stolk,  No.  5143. 
13!  X  19I  in. 

8328  JOHN  BULLS  PROGRESS. 

J^  Qy  des.  et  fecit— 

Pu¥  June  3'^  1793.  by  H.  Humphrey  N  i8  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Four  designs,  each  with  a  title,  the  plate 
divided  into  four  quarters. 

[i]  John  Bull  Happy.  A  cottage  interior:  John  Bull,  a  stout  countryman 
with  wrinkled  gaiters  as  in  Nos.  7889,  8141,  dozes  serenely  in  an  arm-chair 
before  a  blazing  fire,  holding  a  pitcher  on  his  knee.  Behind  (1.),  his  wife 
sits  spinning ;  two  little  boys  feed  a  bird  in  a  wicker  cage.  A  pretty  young 
woman  approaches  the  open  door  with  a  milk-pail  on  her  head.  Brass 
utensils  are  ranged  on  the  chimney-piece,  beside  which  is  a  roasting-jack 
with  wheel  and  chain.  A  well-fed  cat  and  dog  sleep  amicably  by  the  fire. 
5fX7T|in. 

[2]  John  Bull  going  to  the  Wars.  John  Bull  has  enlisted  and  marches  off 
(1.  to  r.)  beside  a  file  of  soldiers  with  drawn  sabres,  the  man  next  him 
blowing  a  bugle.  He  marches  with  awkward  energy,  gazing  proudly  in 
profile  to  the  r.,  not  to  see  his  wife  and  children  (1.),  who  cling  to  him, 
weeping.  He  holds  a  musket  and  is  dressed  as  in  [i],  with  the  addition  of 
a  grenadier's  cap  and  bandolier.  Behind  (1.)  is  a  corner  of  his  cottage. 
5lX7iin. 

[3]  Jo/tn  BulVs  Property  in  danger.  John  Bull's  wife,  followed  by  her 
three  children,  approaches  the  stone  gateway  of  the  Treasury,  its  iron  gate 
open,  the  three  balls  of  a  pawnbroker  above  it,  the  inscription  Money  Lent 
by  Authority.  Beside  it  are  two  bills:  Wanted  a  Number  of  Recruits  to  serve 
abroad  and  List  of  Bankrupts  Johti  Bull.  The  woman  carries  her  spinning- 
wheel  and  a  bundle  of  household  goods;  the  smallest  boy,  holding  his 
mother's  petticoat,  carries  the  bird-cage;  the  girl  carries  the  churn  and  a 
bowl.  The  elder  boy  carries  spade,  rake,  and  pitchfork  (a  kettle  slung  to 
the  prongs)  and  leads  a  pig. 

SiXTigin- 

[4]  John  BulVs  glorious  Return.  A  gaunt,  one-legged,  and  one-eyed 
soldier  (r.),  in  tattered  uniform,  limps  on  crutches  into  a  miserable  hovel 

27 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

in  which  his  starving  family  crouch  over  a  fire  Ut  on  the  hearth.  The  little 
boy  clutches  a  bare  bone;  onions  and  a  broken  dish  are  on  the  floor  (cf. 
No.  8145).  Mother  and  sons  are  ragged  and  emaciated,  the  daughter  has 
a  certain  youthful  grace.  They  look  with  frightened  astonishment  at  their 
almost  unrecognizable  father. 

For  other  prints  on  the  illusions  and  tragedies  of  war  see  Nos.  8333, 
8428,  8609,  p.  250,  9418,  9642.  This,  like  No.  8333,  was  issued  while  the 
Allies  were  still  victorious,  cf.  No.  8337.  They  should  be  compared  with 
the  anti-recruiting  prints  of  the  American  War,  notably  No.  5295  (1775). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.   171   (reproduction,  p.   172).    Wright  and  Evans, 
No.  103.    Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.    Reproduced,  Social  England,  ed. 
Traill,  1904,  v.  513. 
njxi4|in. 

There  is  a  sketch  in  pencil  and  pen  by  Rowlandson  of  [2]  and  [4]  in  the 
Print  Room.  In  [2]  the  two  soldiers  are  less  caricatured,  the  wife  and 
children  are  differently  posed  and  drawn  with  more  freedom.  The  file  of 
soldiers  is  omitted.  In  [4]  the  soldier  has  not  lost  an  eye,  his  family  are 
less  emaciated.  On  the  back  of  the  water-colour  described  under  No.  9014. 
Binyon,  iii.  250,  No.  18. 

8329  PREPARING  FOR  ACTION  OR  AN  ENGLISH  MAN  OF 
WAR  ENGAGING  TWO  DUTCH  DOGGERS. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  June  9  J79J  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  where  may 
be  seen  the  Original  Model  of  the  Guilotine  Head  and  hand  of  Count 
Streuenzee  Ad*"*^  i  Sh^.  and  the  Largest  collection  of  Caracatures  in 
the  World. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of  York  stands  full-face  but 
turning  his  head  in  profile  to  the  1.,  between  two  laughing  Dutch  courtesans. 
He  holds  a  glass  of  wine  in  his  r.  hand,  while  the  woman  on  his  r.  takes 
his  arm,  holding  up  a  bottle.  He  holds  the  hand  of  the  woman  on  his  1., 
who  picks  his  pocket.  An  English  officer  (1.)  standing  by  a  cannon  urinates, 
his  back  turned  to  the  Duke ;  he  says,  wine  cannot  cure  the  Pain  I  Indure 
for  my  Dear  Chloe's  Sake.   In  the  background  (r.)  are  tents. 

See  No.  8327,  &c.  For  the  title  cf.  No.  5952. 

de  Vinck,  No.  4676.  Van  Stolk,  No.  5144.  Muller,  No.  5235. 
8i«gXi2^iin. 

8330  A  GREAT  MAN  IN  DISTRESS,  |  OR,  HOW  TO  GROW  RICH 
&  AVOID  BECOMING  CHARGABLE  TO  THE  PARISH  |  A  SUB- 
SCRIPTION EXPERIMENT 

[Dent.] 

Pu¥  by  W.  Dent  June  11  1793 

Sold  by  L  Aitken  N"  14  Castle  Street  Leicester  Square 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted.  Fox,  a  ragged  and  bare-footed  beggar, 
walks  (1.  to  r.)  past  the  door  of  the  [Crown]  &  Anchor  Tavern  holding  out 
his  hat.  On  his  chest  is  a  placard :  Pray  pity  the  poor  Gallican  [the  prefix 
Anti  has  been  scored  through  but  left  legible]  undone  by  French  Affairs. 
In  his  r.  hand  is  a  staff.  He  weeps,  saying.  Oh!  A  heart  of  Stone  would  melt 
at  the  misfortunes  of  my  Life — How  I  was  cast  away  aboard  the  Portland 
East  Indiaman — How  I  have  since  been  buffeted  about  by  adverse  winds  in  the 

28 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

Republic — How  I  have  been  scarce  able  to  keep  head  above  water  in  Brooks — 
How  I  was  stranded  with  a  French  Cargo — and  lost  most  of  my  Crew  in 
Constitution  Bay  and  now  left  to  starve  but  for  sweet  Charity.  At  his  feet 
are  dice  and  a  dice-box,  with  an  empty  cornucopia,  suggesting  that  his 
profits  from  faro,  see  No.  5972,  are  ended.  (Cf.  a  scurrilous  pamphlet, 
A  Looking-Glass  for  a  Right  Honourable  Mendicant  .  .  .,  1794,  pp.  24-5.) 
A  satire  on  the  subscription  raised  for  Fox  by  his  friends,  see  No.  8331, 
&c.  He  traces  his  misfortunes  from  the  defeat  of  the  Coalition  over  the 
India  Bill,  see  Nos.  6283,  6368,  &c.,  and  cf.  No.  83 11.  For  the  disruption 
of  his  party  see  No.  8315,  &c. 
i2-&-X9j7gin. 

8331  BLUE  &  BUFF  CHARITY ;— OR— THE  PATRIARCH  OF  THE 
GREEK  CLERGY  APPLYING  FOR  RELIEF. 

J^  Gy  das'"  etfed 

Pu¥  June  12*^  1793 — hy  H.  Humphrey  N"  i8  Old  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox,  as  a  beggar,  holds  out  his  bonnet 
rouge  to  the  door  of  the  Crown  &  Anchor  tavern  to  catch  the  shower  of 
dishonoured  paper  which  the  talons  of  the  Devil  are  scattering ;  smoke  and 
flames  issue  from  the  doorway.  Fox,  unkempt  and  unshaven,  his  tattered 
coat  and  breeches  scarcely  covering  his  naked  body,  has  an  expression  of 
desperate  eagerness;  he  holds  under  his  coat  a  dagger  which  drips  blood. 
From  his  coat-pocket  project  a  dice-box  and  cards,  the  Knave  of  Clubs 
uppermost  (cf.  No.  6488).  Behind  him  are  his  needy  followers :  Sheridan 
(a  pair  of  pistols  in  his  coat-pocket),  M.  A.  Taylor,  and  Home  Tooke 
immediately  behind  him,  also  clutching  concealed  daggers  and  holding 
out  their  bonnets  rouges.  Close  behind  these  are  Hall  the  apothecary, 
Priestley,  and  Lord  Stanhope,  whose  attitudes  show  that  they  too  are 
clasping  daggers  and  proffering  caps  for  alms.  From  Hall's  pocket  protrude 
a  syringe  and  a  medicine-bottle  labelled  W.  Pitt.  Three  other  heads  are 
indicated.   The  Devil's  words  issue  from  the  door  among  flames: 

"Dear  Sir  |  Seldom  have  I  experienced  more  heart-felt  pleasure  |  "than 
now  in  executing  the  zvishes  of  my  Committee; — I  flatter  |  "myself  you  will 
not  be  displeased  with  the  convincing  proof  of  the  |  "esteem  of  so  many  &  so 
honorable  persons;  who  far  from  imagining  they  \  "are  about  to  confer  any 
obligations  upon  you,  will  think  themselves  |  honoured  &  obliged  by  your 
acceptance  of  their  endeavours  to  be  \  "grateful  for  your  unremitted  efforts  to 
effectuate  \  the  Grand  Object  they  have  so  deeply  at  heart. 

Fox  answers:  "Dear  Sir — You  will  easily  believe,  that  it  is  not  \  "mere 
form  of  words  when  I  say,  that  I  am  wholly  at  a  loss  how  \"to  express  my 
feelings  upon  the  Charity  which  you  are  now  in  so  kind  a  \  "manner  showering 
upon  me, — In  my  wretched  situation,  to  receive  such  a  proof  \  "of  the  esteem 
of  the  Committee, — to  be  relieved  at  once  from  Contempt  &  Beggary!  |  "for 
such  as  me,  to  receive  a  Boon  which  even  the  most  disinterested  would  think 
their  \  "lives  well  spent  in  obtaining!  is  a  rare  instance  of  felicity,  which  has 
been  reserved  for  me; —  |  "It  is  with  perfect  sincerity  that  I  declare,  that  in 
no  other  manner  in  which  a  Charity  |  "could  have  been  bestowed  upon  me, 
would  have  been  so  highly  gratifying  to  every  feeling  \  "of  my  heart, — /  accept, 
therefore,  with  the  most  sincere  gratitude,  the  bounty  of  the  Committee  |  "and 
consider  it  as  an  additional  obligation  upon  me,  to  adhere  strictly  to  whatever 
mea-  |  "-sures  the  Committee  may  find  it  convenient  to  pursue;  &  to  persevere 
thro'  thick  and  thin  j  "in  That  line  of  conduct,  to  which  alone,  I  am  conscious, 

29 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

that  I  am  indebted  for  this,  as  \  "well  as  for  every  other  mark  of  their  appro- 
bation.— 

Sheridan  says :  Make  haste,  Charley! — jnake  haste! — make  haste! — for  I 
long  to  have  my  turn  come  on; — /  have  been  a  Greek  Emigrant  a  hell  of  a 
while,  &  relief  could  never  come  more  seasonable: — and  here's  our  "little 
Chicken"  wants  to  peck  up  a  little  corn;  &  our  old  friend  Blood  &  Brentford, 
the  orthodox  Parson,  swears  he  has  a  right  to  a  Particle;  heres  Glysterpipe 
expects  to  be  paid  for  purging  Administration;  &  old  Phlogistick  the  Hackney 
Schoolmaster,  expects  some  new  Birmingham  halfpence — besides  ten  Thousand 
more,  with  empty  pockets,  &  hungry  bellies,  lads  fit  for  any  enterprize!  who 
only  want  engagement; — but  cannot  get  a  Crust,  before  you  are  served!  make 
haste  Charley! — make  haste!  make  haste.  Over  the  tavern  door  is  inscribed 
Whig  Club.  The  papers  pouring  into  Fox's  cap  are  inscribed  Forged  Notes 
(twice),  Swindlers  Notes,  Jews  Bonds,  Bankrupts  Notes,  Country  Bank 
(twice),  Gamblers  Notes,  Blue  &  Buff  Bonds,  Forfeited  Mortgages. 

A  satire  on  the  subscription  raised  for  Fox,  on  account  of  his  desperate 
financial  pHght,  agreed  at  a  meeting  of  the  Crown  and  Anchor  tavern  on 
5  June,  Adair  in  the  chair,  resolving  'that  an  effective  demonstration  and 
honourable  proof  of  the  affection  esteem  and  gratitude  of  his  constituents 
and  of  the  public,  ought  to  be  offered  to  Mr.  Fox  as  an  acknowledgment 
and  retribution  due  to  his  services  and  merits'  {Gazetteer,  30  June).  The 
words  of  the  Devil  and  of  Fox  parody  Adair's  letter  and  Fox's  answer, 
printed  in  Lord  Holland's  Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party,  i.  62-5.  Fox  wrote 
to  his  nephew:  'the  sum  [£70,000]  will  pay  all  my  debts  that  are  in  any 
degree  burdensome,  and  give  me  an  income  upon  which  I  can  live  com- 
fortably. .  .  .'  Ibid.  This  was  an  annuity  of  ^^3,000,  see  Stirling,  Coke  of 
Norfolk,  1908,  pp.  398-404.  For  the  King's  opinion  of  the  gift,  see  Rose, 
Pitt  and  Napoleon,  p.  224.  For  M.  A.  Taylor  as  the  'Chicken'  see  No.  6777. 
Home  Tooke,  ex-parson  of  Brentford,  owed  much  to  his  friends'  bounty. 
For  the  allusions  to  Priestley  see  Nos.  7632,  7887,  &c.  Hall  ('Liberty 
Hall')  the  apothecary  was  secretary  of  the  Whig  Club  and  one  of  Fox's 
leading  supporters  at  Westminster  elections  (see  Vol.  vi).  He  was 
secretary  to  the  'Blue  and  Buff  Charity'  committee.  Flames  issue  from 
the  Crown  and  Anchor  tavern  also  in  No.  7889,  where  the  door  is  'the  Gate 
of  Pandemonium'.  For  Fox  and  the  Jews  cf.  No.  6617,  &c.  The  Devil 
(hands  only  visible)  represents  Adair.  For  the  subscription  see  also  Nos. 
8330.  8332,  8438,  8622,  9266,  9282,  9343,  9353. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.   172  (small  copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.   106. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
I3|xi6iin.  (pi.). 

8332  A  RIGHT  HONBLE  ALIAS  A  SAN  CULOTTE.  ALIAS  THE 
MAN  OF  THE  PEOPLE,  .  .  . 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Land :  Pub  June  14  lygj  by  W  Fores  Piccadilly  where  may  be  seen  the 
Largest  Collection  of  Caratures  [sic]  in  the  World  Admit''  one  Shis 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox,  as  a  beggar,  stands  hat  in  hand 
beside  a  magnificent  brass-bound  treasure-chest,  with  a  slit  for  money, 
inscribed  Catalines  Subscription  Box.  He  says.  Pray  Remmember  Poor 
Cataline.  for  Oppositions  sake  remmember  poor  Cataline.  He  weeps,  his  coat, 
waistcoat,  breeches,  and  shoes  are  tattered,  his  stockings  ungartered ;  dice- 
box  and  dice  protrude  from  his  pocket.   The  chest  stands  against  a  stone 

30 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

wall  and  is  backed  by  a  large  framed  notice:  Supported  by  Voluntary  \ 
Contribution  \  Subscribers  taken  in  here  \  The  smallest  Donations  thankfully 
Rece^  I  Charity  cover eth  a  Multitude  of  Sins  .  .  .  \  And  Humble  Petitioner  as 
in  Duty  Bound  |  Will  Ever  Pray 


Presents 

to 

Cataline 

for  Party 

Purposes 


monies  Missing 
Dad — one  Million 


P.W.  1100,000 
D.E.  60  000 
B.D.  ..  50 
C.E.  10  000 
P.D.       15  000 


S  T  5000 
Sundries — 600,000 


won  at  Play 
P.W. 

&c.  &c. 


200,000 


jogo,o5o 


On  each  side  of  this  huge  notice-board  is  a  modest  placard :  Poore  Familys 
in  Distress  20  Pounds  would  save  from  certain  ruin  a  Man  Wife  &  nine 
Children ;  A  Tradesman  in  jail  Solicits  a  Trifle  to  Support  his  Family,  not 
being  able  to  recover  his  just  demands  of  some  Peers  &  members  of  Parliament. 
Beneath  this  is  a  heart-shaped  collecting-box  and  a  small  bill:  No 
Money.  On  the  wall  a  hand  points  (1.):  Way  to  the  Crown  and  Anchor.  The 
title  continues:  alias  the  Dissipated  Patriot,  alias  the  Gamester,  alias  the 
Leader  of  Opposition  alias  the  Word  Eater  [see  No.  7390],  alias  the  Soliciter 

for  the  French  republic  [see  No.  8305]  alias  S 1  Breeches  [see  No.  6580] 

alias  the  Protector  [cf.  No.  6380,  &c.]  turned  Begger. 

A  satire  on  the  subscription  for  Fox,  see  No.  833 1,  &c.  'Monies  Missing' 
is  an  allusion  to  the  squandering  of  Lord  Holland's  fortune,  see  No.  5223 
(1774).  The  significance  of  the  initials,  other  than  those  indicating  the 
Prince  of  Wales  (then  estranged  from  Fox,  cf.  No.  83 11),  is  obscure;  they 
may  (reversed)  indicate  Earl  of  Derby,  Duke  of  Bedford,  Earl  of  Carlisle, 
Duke  of  Portland.  For  Fox's  winnings  at  faro  see  Nos.  5972,  5997  (1782). 
For  Fox  as  CatiUne  see  No.  6784,  &c.  For  the  title  cf.  No.  8142. 
iif  X9  in. 

8333  HE  WOULD  BE  A  SOLDIER,  OR  THE  HISTORY  OF  JOHN 
BULLS  WARLIKE  EXPEDITION. 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  July  i^  I793  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  where  may 
be  seen  a  Model  of  the  Guilotine  Likways  the  Head  of  Count  Streuenzee 
large  Collection  of  Caracatures  Admittance  one  shilling. 
Engraving.  A  sequence  of  six  figures  and  a  final  group  arranged  in  two 
rows,  [i]  John  Bull  at  home,  a  handsome  young  farmer  wearing  a  smock 
and  wrinkled  gaiters,  sits  at  a  table  smoking,  a  pitcher  in  his  hand.  [2] 
Inlisted.  He  stands  full-face,  hands  on  hips,  dressed  as  before  but  with 
a  favour  in  his  hat.  [3]  Trained  to  Arms.  Smartly  dressed  in  uniform,  he 
stands  at  attention  in  profile  to  the  1.,  shouldering  a  musket.  [4]  On  Foreign 
Service.  He  marches  (1.  to  r.),  still  smartly  dressed,  but  carrying  a  knap- 
sack inscribed  GR.  [5]  Camp  Dinner.  He  is  seated  on  the  ground  eating 
bread  and  an  onion.  More  bread  and  onions  lie  in  and  near  his  open  knip- 
sack.  (Cf.  No.  8145.)  [6]  In  Battle.  He  fires  his  musket,  leaning  forward 
in  profile  to  the  1.  His  uniform  is  tattered,  though  his  appearance  is  still 
neat.  [7]  Loaded  with  honors  of  War.  An  old  soldier  with  a  leg  ampu- 
tated and  a  sightless  eye,  he  limpa  on  crutches,  holding  out  his  hat  for  alms. 

31 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

An  infant  is  tied  to  his  shoulders.  Behind  him  and  on  the  extreme  r.  is 
his  wife,  a  ballad-singer  carrying  twin  infants,  with  an  elder  boy  beside 
her.  Her  song  is :  O  Bony  Lass  will  you  live  in  a  Barrack.  See  No.  8328,  &c. 
lOj'^gXHlin. 

8334  FRENCH  LIBERTY.  [?  c.  July  1793.] 

[Nixon  del.] 

This  Print  is  most  Respectfully  Dedicated  to  every  True  Hearted  Briton 
who  is  a  Friend  to  his  King  and  Country. 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  An  allegorical  repre- 
sentation of  the  state  of  France.  In  the  foreground  on  the  extreme  r.  is 
the  doorway  of  the  temple  of  Libertas  supported  by  two  Corinthian 
columns.  Liberty,  a  young  woman  with  her  arms  bound  behind  her,  is 
being  pushed  through  the  door  by  a  band  of  ruffians  with  pikes ;  one  raises 
his  dagger  to  stab  her.  Viragoes  with  clubs  and  a  soldier  with  a  bayonet 
wait  outside  the  temple  to  strike  her  down.  Two  decapitated  heads  are 
on  the  ground.  Two  naked  demons  are  seated  on  the  architrave  of  the  door 
blowing  bubbles  among  which  floats  Tom  Paine  dressed  as  Harlequin,  and 
holding  a  pair  of  stays  inscribed  Rights  of  Man  and  Liberty  (see  No.  8287). 

In  the  centre  foreground  is  a  fire  before  which  kneels  a  woman  burning 
a  spinning-wheel,  her  hand  resting  on  a  large  book.  Trade  and  Commerce ; 
a  boy  brings  another  inscribed  Fine  Arts.  A  broken  palette,  compass,  &c., 
lie  on  the  ground.  A  man  runs  to  the  fire  carrying  on  his  head  two  books. 
Agriculture  and  Law,  and  a  bee-hive,  while  an  old  military  officer  breaks 
the  staff  of  Liberty  across  his  knee. 

On  the  1.  a  postboy  (using  boot  and  fist)  and  two  men  with  bludgeons 
drive  off  a  band  of  unoffending  persons  who  walk  in  a  dejected  manner  to 
the  1.  They  are  (1.  to  r.)  artisans  carrying  tools,  a  man  with  spade,  rake, 
and  pitchfork,  a  painter  with  palette,  canvas,  and  brushes,  a  man  carrying 
a  picture  of  Peace,  a  woman  with  two  infants,  a  man  with  a  'cello  on  his  back. 

In  the  middle  distance  (r.)  is  a  grotesque  statue  of  a  fat  woman  (described 
below)  on  a  cylindrical  pedestal,  inscribed  Murder,  Treachery,  Rebellion, 
Cowardice,  Sedition,  Levellers,  with  two  skulls  flanking  a  medallion :  This 
statue  was  erected  in  the  first  year  of  our  glorious  Confusion  A.D.  1792.  Men 
and  women  {ancien-regime  in  character)  dance  round  it  holding  hands.  In 
the  background  is  a  large  gothic  church  into  the  west  door  of  which  people 
are  crowding.  Over  the  door  is  a  projecting  balcony  inscribed  The  Massacre 
at  Paris ; — on  this  stand  a  zany  with  a  trumpet,  and  others,  as  on  booths  at 
fairs ;  they  display  a  large  banner,  on  which  Punch  roasts  a  monk,  inscribed 
Religion,  Law,  &  Equity,  A  Farce.  Behind  and  to  the  1.  are  old  hoyses 
with  crow-stepped  gables  falling  into  ruins;  on  these  are  emblems  of 
industry:  a  shuttle  and  shears,  an  anchor,  horse-shoes,  a  sheep  suspended 
as  in  the  order  of  the  Golden  Fleece.  In  front  of  the  houses  small  figures 
are  breaking  a  loom  and  two  women  kneel  beside  a  naked  corpse.  On  the 
extreme  1.  boats  are  putting  out  to  sea.  Heavy  clouds  form  a  background. 

Beneath  the  design :  Liberty  is  torn  from  her  Temple,  by  a  hired  band  of 
Ruffians,  bound,  &  going  to  be  Sacrificed  to  the  rage  of  these  Ignorant  People; 
in  the  Centre  a  Poissarde  or  Fish  Woman  is  burning  a  Spinning  Wheel,  the 
Emblem  of  Industry ;  an  old  Officer  breaking  the  Staff  of  Liberty ;  zvith  a  Boy 
&  French  Porter,  who  are  bringing  Volumes  of  the  Fine  Arts,  Agriculture, 
&c  &c  to  add  fuel  to  the  flames.  On  the  opposite  side  are  a  group  of  figures 
representing  Music,  Poetry,  Painting,  Weavers,  Smiths,  Carpenters,  Husband- 

32 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

meti,  &c.  driven  out  of  the  Kingdom  as  useless  Members  of  Society;  near  the 
Temple  is  erected  a  Statue,  raised  on  the  Foundation  of  Murder,  Cruelty, 
Cowardice,  Treachery  &  Sedition,  agreable  to  the  French  Idea  of  Freedom, 
this  figure  represents  an  intoxicated  Female  with  a  Blunderbuss  in  her  right 
hand,  &  a  dagger  in  her  left,  a  bandage  over  her  Eyes,  as  blind  to  Reason, 
leaning  against  a  Pillar,  that  '5  broke  by  her  weight,  &  at  the  Base  is  a  party 
of  Democrats  dancing  a  Cotilion.  The  Church,  once  a  place  of  Devotion,  is 
now  turn'd  into  a  Theatre,  in  which  that  Bloody  Massacre  on  the  loth  of 
August,  1792,  at  Paris,  is  going  to  be  represented.  In  the  back  Ground  of  this 
Picture,  the  Houses  of  Industrious  Tradesmen  are  falling  to  ruin,  their  unhappy 
Tenants  being  driven  from  their  Homes  for  want  of  Employment:  some  of  the 
Banditti  are  destroying  a  Loom,  &  a  Strong  Herculean  Fellow  cruelly  beating 
a  poor  Weaver,  shews,  when  the  Law  of  a  Country  is  at  an  end,  the  strong 
gets  the  better  of  the  weak,  &  Oppression  takes  place  of  Justice:  on  the 
ground,  an  Industrious  Artist  who  supported  his  aged  Parents,  is  expiring 
through  Want;  over  the  Temple  the  Author  of  the  Rights  of  Man  is  supported 
on  bubbles  that  are  blown  up  by  two  Devils;  this  represents  his  work  to  be 
Froth  &  Airy  Vapour:  tending  to  delude  &  mislead  a  Nation  who  it  is  hoped, 
are  by  this  time  so  well  convinced  of  the  Blessing  they  enjoy,  as  to  have  no 
wish  to  change  it  for  any  other.  The  different  Trades  leaving  the  Kingdom 
close  the  Scene. 

Also  a  proof,  tinted  with  monochrome ;  the  title  and  most  of  the  inscrip- 
tions are  in  pen,  in  the  same  hand,  that  of  John  Nixon,'  as  a  dedication: 
'To  M"^^  Nicol,  this  Proof  Print  is  Presented  by  her  obliged  &  very  obed* 
Servant  J  N.'  The  explanatory  description  differs  in  certain  details  from 
the  engraved  version:  the  statue  is  'intoxicated  with  success'.  After 
'Massacre  on  the  10*^^  Aug  1792'  is  added  '(which  will  ever  remain  a 
Stigma  on  the  Annals  of  France)  .  .  .  Robertspierre,  Marat  &  Petion  are 
the  Merry  Andrews  of  the  Entertainment.  Punch  broiling  a  Priest  on  a 
Grid  Iron,  on  the  Shew  Cloth,  is  emblematic  of  the  present  sentiments  of 
Devotion.'   Above  the  design: 

O  thou  Poor  Country — weak  &  overpow'rd 
By  thine  own  Sons — eat  to  the  Bone — Devour'd 
By  Vipers,  which,  in  thine  own  Entrails  Bred 
Prey  on  thy  Life,  &  with  thy  Blood  are  fed ; 

Churchill.    [Independence,  11,  555-9.] 

The  date  would  appear  to  be  before  the  assassination  of  Marat  (13  July 

1793),  though  the  church-theatre  may  indicate  the  celebrations  in  Notre 

Dame  of  10  Nov.  1793,  and  its  transformation  into  the  Temple  of  Reason, 

see  No.  8350. 

Described,  E.  et  J.  de  Goncourt,  La  SociSte  fratifaise  pendant  la  Revolu- 
tion, 1858,  pp.  279-80. 
141^7X221-  in. 

8335  A  SECOND  JEAN  D'ARC  OR  THE  ASSASSINATION  OF 
MARAT  BY  CHARLOTTE  CORDfi  OF  CAEN  IN  NORMANDY 
ON  SUNDAY  JULY  14  1793. 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥July  26  17 g3  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).   Charlotte  Corday  (r.) 
stands  full-face,  bending  forward,  a  knife  in  her  r.  hand,  looking  towards 
'  There  is  a  letter  by  him  in  B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27,337,  fo.  156. 

33  D 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL   AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Marat  (1.),  who  has  fallen  to  the  ground,  screaming,  I.  arm  raised,  blood 
pouring  from  a  gash  in  his  waistcoat.  She  says,  Down,  down,  to  Hell  & 
say  A  Female  Arm  has  made  one  bold  Attempt  to  free  her  Country.  On  the 
wall  behind  Marat  placards  are  indicated,  two  inscribed  Murders  and  Plans. 
Below  the  title :  Who,  while  he  was  Villifying  some  of  the  more  Moderate  Men 
in  the  Convention  ami  asserting  that  they  should  lose  their  Heads  Stated  him 
saying,  Villian  thy  death  shall  Precede  theirs. 

News  of  Marat's  assassination  (on  13  July),  without  details,  reached 
London  on  22  July.   See  No.  8336,  &c. 

de  Vinck,  No.  5298. 
8j9gXi3iin. 

8336  THE    HEROIC    CHARLOTTE    LA    CORDfi,    UPON    HER 
TRIAL,  .  .  . 

J'  Gy  des"*  etfed 

Published  July  2g^^  I793  hy  H.  Humphrey  N"  18  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  the  Revolutionar}^ 
Tribunal  crowded  with  figures.  Charlotte  Corday  (r.)  stands  at  the  bar, 
a  raised  circular  stone  platform,  her  wrists  linked  by  a  chain,  addressing 
her  judges  (1.),  who  listen  with  alarm,  as  do  the  spectators  and  the  two 
ruffians  holding  spears  who  stand  behind  her.  Three  judges  sit  on  an 
elaborate  throne  inscribed  Vive  La  Republique,  on  whose  canopy  are  two 
cornucopias  pouring  out  coins ;  on  each  is  a  cap  of  Libertas.  Between  them 
a  grotesque  figure  of  Justice,  holding  scales  and  dagger,  tramples  on  a 
crown.  The  three  grotesque  judges  are  (1.  to  r.):  a  barber,  a  comb  pro- 
truding from  his  pocket ;  a  butcher,  the  most  ferocious ;  a  tailor,  with  shears 
and  tape.  Beneath  them  sit  four  ragged  officials,  pen  in  hand,  all  wearing 
legal  wigs  and  bonnets-rouges.  Between  them  and  the  prisoner  is  the 
body  of  Marat,  on  a  wooden  bedstead  so  short  that  his  knees  are  raised 
vertically ;  it  is  covered  with  spots,  and  shows  the  bleeding  wound.  Beside 
it  stand  two  men,  one  holding  up  a  blood-stained  shirt  on  a  pike,  the  other 
the  knife  on  a  dish.  A  sea  of  heads  wearing  bonnets- rouges  fills  the  body 
of  the  hall,  H.L.  figures  fill  the  gallery  and  the  seats  beneath  it.  Charlotte, 
a  buxom  young  woman,  gaily  dressed,  with  feathers  in  her  hair,  declaims: 
Wretches, — I  did  not  expect  to  appear  before  you — I  always  thought  I  should 
be  delivered  up  to  the  rage  of  the  people,  torn  in  pieces,  &  that  my  head,  stuck 
on  the  top  of  a  pike,  would  have  preceded  Marat  on  his  state-bed,  to  serve  as 
a  rallying  point  to  Frenchmen,  if  there  still  are  any  worthy  of  that  name. — 
But  happen  what  will,  if  I  have  the  honours  of  the  guillotine,  &  my  clay-cold 
remains  are  buried,  they  will  soon  have  conferred  upon  them  the  honours  of 
the  Pantheon;  and  my  memory  will  be  more  honoured  in  France  than  that  of 
Judith  in  Bethulia'\  The  title  continues:  at  the  bar  of  the  Revolutionary 
Tribunal  of  Paris,  July  ly'^  1793-  for  having  rid  the  world  of  that  monster 
of  Atheism  and  Murder,  the  Regicide  Marat,  whom  she  Stabbed  in  a  bath, 
where  he  had  retired  on  account  of  a  Leprosy,  with  which,  Heaven  had  begun 
the  punishment  of  his  Crimes. — 

"The  noble  enthusiasm  with  which  this  Woman  met  the  charge,  &  the 
elevated  disdain  with  which  she  treated  the  self  created  Tribunal,  struck  the 
whole  assembly  with  terror  &  astonishment." 

Charlotte's  words  are  those  quoted  in  the  English  newspapers  (e.g. 
London  Chronicle,  26  July),  which  derive  from  a  pamphlet  published  by 
Adam  Lux,  a  German,  deputy  of  Mayence  (afterwards  guillotined),  the  day 

34 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

after  her  execution  on  17  July.  The  design  incorporates  some  of  the  details 
of  Marat's  funeral  (arranged  by  David),  when  his  body  was  carried  on  a 
wooden  bedstead,  the  blood-stained  shirt  raised  on  a  pike.  Ibid.  See 
de  Vinck,  Nos.  5289-5330;  Hennin,  Nos,  11,519-11,567;  Dayot,  Rev  fr., 
pp.  205-12;  A.  E.  Sorel,  Charlotte  de  Corday,  1930,  and  Nos.  8335,  8464. 
Grego,  Gillray,  p.  174  (small  copy).  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  105. 
de  Vinck,  No.  5352.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
iiiXi4-|in. 

8337  CORRECTION  REPUBLICAINE  1793.  [c.  July  1793.] 

[Dubois.] 

Engraving  (coloured).  Copy  (probably  reversed)  of  a  French  print  in 
Jaime,  ii,  PI.  181,  G.  Pichegru  (r.),  holding  down  le  due  d'  York,  raises  a 
birch-rod  to  thrash  his  bared  posteriors,  on  which  are  etched  (incorrectly) 
the  arms  of  England.  The  duke,  who  has  ass's  ears,  turns  his  head  to 
Pichegru,  his  hands  clasped  in  supplication.  He  wears  regimentals  and 
boots  with  long  spurs.  Cobourg  (1.)  is  being  similarly  thrashed  hyjourdan ; 
on  his  posteriors  is  an  escutcheon  with  the  Habsburg  eagle.  He  and  the 
duke  are  pendant  figures,  back  to  back.  Coburg  bites  his  finger,  and  holds 
out  a  clenched  fist.  The  French  generals,  who  wear  cocked  hats,  are  young 
and  handsome.  Behind  them  is  a  table,  on  which  are  materials  for  punch: 
bowl,  bottle,  lemons,  &c. 

Along  the  upper  edge  of  the  design  are  views  of  fortified  towers  all  flying 
a  tricolour  flag  (1,  to  r.) :  Charleroy,  Mons,  Menin,  Ypres,  Ostende  (with  ships 
at  anchor). 

On  I  Aug.  1793  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety  ordered  a  payment  of 
livres  1,250  for  1,000  impressions  of  this  print,  a  piece  of  propaganda  com- 
pletely at  variance  with  the  military  situation :  Menin,  Ypres,  and  Ostend 
were  held  by  the  Allies.  Conde  fell  on  10  July,  Mayence  on  23  July.  When 
Valenciennes  capitulated  on  28  July  the  garrison  hailed  the  Duke  of  York 
as  King  of  France,  and  Coburg  and  the  Duke  were  masters  of  the  road  to 
Paris,  which  could  have  been  reached  by  the  former's  cavalry  in  four  days. 
'The  position  of  France  seemed  to  be,  and  in  the  presence  of  active  and 
intelligent  enemies  would  actually  have  been,  hopeless.*  Fortescue,  Hist, 
of  the  British  Army,  iv.  116.  See  Sorel,  U Europe  et  la  Rev.  fr.,  iii.  536  flF., 
and  No.  8340.   Cf.  No.  8425,  &c. 

Blum,  No.  625.  Van  Sto Ik,  No.  5136.   Reproduction  (of  the  Jaime  copy), 
Fuchs  und  Kind,  Die  Weiberherrschaft,  i.  202. 
6|X7^i  in.  B.M.L.,  1266.  g.  5. 

8338  THE  PATENT  WIGG. 
Wetherell 

Pub  Aug^  I.  1793  by  S.  Fores  N"  3  Picadilly 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  barber's  shop.  Fox,  with  a  bald  head,  stands 
looking  towards  the  barber  (1.),  who  holds  up  a  plain  wig  with  a  single  curl 
at  the  back,  saying :  No  fit  you  Zir,  perhaps  you  got  de  Paine  in  you  Head, 
make  you  tink  so,  dis  Vigg  villfit  any  Loyal  subject  give  but  an  Eye  to  it  zir 
as  I  hold  it —  Behind  him,  looking  through  the  door  and  on  the  extreme  v., 
is  Burke  wearing  a  neat  wig.  Fox  is  out  at  elbows  and  wears  an  apron. 
A  dog  tugs  at  his  shoe.  Above  the  barber's  head  it*  a  shelf  for  wig-boxes 
inscribed  By  the  King's  Patent.  Wigs  and  tresses  of  hair  hang  in  a  curved 

35 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

shop-window  behind  Fox  with  inscriptions  (reversed)  in  three  panes: 
Essence  of  Lemon,  A  Seperate  appartment  to  dress  in,  Violet  Soap.  On  the 
1.  is  a  row  of  wig-blocks:  busts  with  heads  (some  caricatured);  a  lady  and 
three  men, 

A  satire  on  the  disruption  of  the  Whig  party,  see  No.  8315,  &c.   The 
barber  accuses  Fox  of  being  influenced  by  the  republican  doctrines  of 
Paine.   For  Burke,  cf.  No.  7913. 
6|X7iin. 

8339  SOULAGEMENT  EN  PRISON;  OR,  COMFORT  IN  PRISON. 

Drawn  from  Life,  arid  Etched  by  Richard  Newton. 

London,  Published  August  20,  1793,  by  William  Holland,  N"  $0, 

Oxford  Street   Note.  Some  Visitors  have  been  removed  from  this 

Plate  to  make  room  for  Prisoners. 

Photograph  of  an  aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Thirteen  men  are  seated 
at  an  oval  table  in  Windsor  arm-chairs,  smoking  and  drinking.  They  have 
numbers  referring  to  names  engraved  beneath  the  design.  On  the  extreme 
1.  and  on  a  higher  level  than  the  others  is  i  Lord  George  Gordon,  in  profile 
to  the  r.,  with  a  long  beard,  wearing  a  broad-brimmed  hat  and  buttoned-up 
coat.  Like  most  of  the  others  he  smokes  a  long  pipe.  Next  him  and  nearer 
the  spectator  sits  2  William  Holland,  pleasant-looking  and  well  dressed, 
who  listens  to  3  William  Lloyd  [?  Thomas  Lloyd,  see  No.  8342],  wearing 
spectacles,  who  faces  him  in  profile  to  the  1.  4  Thomas  Toivnley  Macan, 
his  back  to  Lloyd,  listens  with  amusement  to  the  emphatic  words  of 
5  James  Ridgway;  they  face  each  other  in  profile.  6  Henry  Delahay 
Symonds,  his  spectacles  pushed  up  on  an  ill-fitting  wig,  leans  forward  with 
an  intent  grin  to  listen  to  Ridgway,  whose  back  is  turned  to  him.  On  the 
extreme  r.  of  the  table  7  Charles  Pigott,  wearing  a  hat  and  holding  a  news- 
paper, is  in  profile.  The  remaining  figures  are  on  the  farther  side  of  the 
table.  8  and  9  have  been  removed  from  the  plate  and  from  the  notes. 
10  Daniel  Holt  sits  in  profile  to  the  1.,  as  does  11  Daniel  Isaac  Eaton  (see 
No.  8500).  The  latter  and  12  John  Frost  face  each  other  in  profile  with 
severe  expressions,  13  William  Williams  sits  full-face,  smoking ;  14  Doctor 
Watson^  (once  Gordon's  secretary)  looks  towards  him,  laughing.  Next  is 
15  Joseph  Gerald  (see  No.  8508)  in  profile  to  the  r,,  his  back  to  Gordon, 
reading  a  newspaper.  He  wears  a  high-crowned  round  hat  and  bulky 
neckcloth.  Some  are  fashionably  dressed,  all  well  dressed  except  Frost, 
who  appears  to  be  wearing  a  dressing-gown.  Gordon,  Lloyd,  Eaton,  Frost, 
Watson,  and  Gerrald  have  cropped  hair.  On  the  extreme  r.,  holding 
tobacco  pipes,  a  comely  woman  wearing  a  mob-cap  and  apron  stands  in 
profile  to  the  1. ;  behind  her  is  a  door.   She  is  16  M^^  Moore  Servant. 

On  the  walls  are  prints  and  pictures;  twelve  are  landscapes,  the  most 
prominent  is  a  large  print  (comic)  of  the  three  witches  addressing  Macbeth 
and  Banquo.  The  two  remaining  pictures  (on  the  extreme  r.)  are  comic 
in  intention.  On  the  table  are  tankards,  pipes,  tobacco,  bottles,  and  glasses. 
On  the  floor  (r,)  are  bottles  of  wine  in  (?)  a  wine-cooler.  Beneath  the  title: 
Hence,  loathed  Melancholy,  of  Cerberus  and  blackest  Midnight  born. 

All  except  Gordon  (see  No,  7209)  are  prisoners  for  sedition  or  kindred 
oflFences,  or  friends  of  such  prisoners,  see  No,  8342.  On  the  state  side  of 
Newgate  politicalofFenderswere'comfortably  accommodated,  well  provided 

'  '(Visitor)'  has  been  erased  but  remains  legible. 

36 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

for  as  to  food,  and  had  their  friends  not  only  to  visit  them  but  sometimes 
to  dine  with  them'.  F.  Place  in  B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27808,  p.  95  (cf.  No. 
7424). 

Rubens,  No.  140. 
Original,  15!  X23^  (subject).  Border,  c.  |  in.  (cropped). 

8340  THE  MURDER  OF  CUSTINE 

FRENCH    GRATITUDE    OR    REPUBLICAN    REWARDS    FOR 
PAST  SERVICES. 

[I.  Cniikshank.] 

London  Pub:  Sep^  i6  iyg3  by  S  W  Fores  No  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Custine  stands  on  the  scaffold  beside 
the  guillotine  (1.).  Four  ragged  ruffians  are  about  to  bind  him  to  the  plank 
on  which  he  is  to  lie ;  one  says,  By  Gar  so  zve  will  serve  all  de  Generals  who 
do  not  conquer  de  whole  World,  and  give  them  de  Liberie.  Custine  says, 
Pardon  me  Heaven  for  having  been  leagued  with  such  a  set  of  Blood  hounds. 
A  stout  soldier  pushes  a  weeping  priest,  who  says  Let  us  Pray,  down  the 
steps  (r.)  which  lead  up  to  the  scaffold,  saying.  Go  to  de  diable  &  Your 
Prayers  both.  Below  (r.)  stand  republican  soldiers  with  fixed  bayonets 
much  caricatured.  On  the  extreme  I.  a  man  kneels  at  the  guillotine  holding 
his  hat  in  place  of  the  usual  basket ;  he  says,  Begar  I  will  have  a  Drink  of 
de  blood. 

Custine  (an  ex-noble)  was  guillotined  on  28  Aug.  (in  spite  of  his  previous 
victories),  accused  of  having  treacherously  caused  the  fall  of  Frankfort, 
Conde,  Valenciennes,  and  Mayence.  According  to  the  English  newspapers, 
he  'kissed  the  crucifix,  embraced  his  confessor  .  .  .  and  at  last  was  brought 
to  the  guillotine  by  force'.  London  Chronicle,  5  Sept.  Cf.  No.  8337.  For 
the  fate  of  unsuccessful  generals  cf.  No.  8514. 

de  Vinck,  No.  6176. 
8^X14!  in. 

8341  OH!  DEAR  WHAT  CAN  THE  MATTER  BE 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  Sep^  21  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  The  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond stands  between  two  posts,  supporting  himself  by  a  hand  on  each. 
He  looks  down  and  to  the  r.,  with  a  dismayed  expression,  vomiting  a  cascade 
of  munitions  of  war:  weapons,  cannon,  drums,  &c.,  a  fortress,  a  baggage- 
wagon,  a  windmill.  One  post  (r.)  is  inscribed  4  Per  Chaldron  20,000 
pr  jifi>n^  ^j^g  other,  Heriditary  Income  D'Aubigne.  A  scroll  floats  towards 
him  from  the  upper  1.  corner  of  the  design  inscribed:  Thou  hast  done  those 
things  thou  ought  not  to  have  done  And  hast  left  undone  those  things  thou 
ough^  [sic]  to  have  done. 

Richmond  (due  d'Aubigne  in  virtue  of  his  ancestress,  Louise  de  Querou- 
aille)  inherited  a  grant  (by  Charles  II)  of  is.  a  chaldron  on  all  coal  entering 
the  Port  of  London,  the  'Richmond  shilling'  denounced  by  Paine:  this  tax, 
'so  iniquitously  and  wantonly  applied  to  the  support  of  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond .  .  .'.  Rights  of  Man,  ii,  ch.  v.  Cf.  Nos.  7389,  7393.  As  Master  of 
the  Ordnance  he  was  very  unpopular  (cf.  No.  6921,  &c.).  The  defeat  of 
the  Hanoverians  at  Hondschoote,  8  Sept.,  and  the  consequent  abandon- 
ment by  the  Duke  of  York  of  the  siege  of  Dunkirk,  mark  the  turn  of  the 

37 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

tide  against  the  Allies,  a  result  of  Camot's  administration,  cf.  No.  8345. 
See  Nos.  8425,  &c.,  9046,  9157.  The  abandonment  of  Dunkirk  caused  an 
outcry  against  naval  and  transport  authorities;  the  Duke  attacked  Rich- 
mond, for  delay  in  providing  heavy  artillery,  and  Chatham.  Sir  G.  Elliot, 
Life  and  Letters,  ii.  160  (n  Sept.);  Glenbervie  Journals,  ed.  Sichel,  1910, 
p.  45  (9  Nov.).  Richmond's  resignation  (1795)  is  anticipated  (cf.  No.  8704). 
I2^x8|in. 

8342  PROMENADE  IN  THE  STATE  SIDE  OF  NEWGATE 

Designed  &  Etched  by  R  Newton 

London  Pub.  October  5.  iyg3  by  William  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  Street 

Engraving.  A  portrait  group  of  W.L.  jtigures,  standing  on  a  squared  pave- 
ment, the  background  a  stone  wall.  Numbers  refer  to  identifications  below 
the  design,  followed  by:  Note — those  mark'd  with  a  Star  are  Visitors.  On 
the  extreme  1.  a  head  looking  through  a  doorway  is  *i  Peter  Pindar.  Next, 
a  pleasant- looking  man  standing  in  profile  to  the  r.,  and  smoking  a  long 
pipe,  is  2  William  Holland.  He  holds  the  arm  of  a  little  girl,  *22  Miss 
Holland,  who  gives  him  a  rose.  A  lady  standing  beside  him  is  *  j,  the  name 
left  blank,  probably  Mrs.  Holland.  Two  men  stand  in  profile  to  the  1., 
facing  Holland ;  they  are  *4  Doctor  Adrian  and  5  Thomas  Townley  Macan, 
smoking  a  long  pipe.  The  next  five  appear  to  be  talking  together:  *6  Count 
Zenobio,  in  profile  to  the  r. ;  7  John  Frost  faces  *io  Af  Gerald,  who 
reads  a  newspaper;  8  Thomas  Lloyd  (1.),  and  *g  John  Home  Tooke  face 
each  other  in  conversation.  11-13  are  the  central  figures  of  the  design: 
*ii  Martin  Van  Butchell  has  a  bushy  beard  and  hair  hanging  on  his  collar; 
he  wears  spectacles  and  holds  an  umbrella  to  which  is  attached  a  small 
oval-shaped  bat.  Opposite  him  is  13  Lord  George  Gordon,  smoking  a  long 
pipe.  He  has  short  hair,  a  long  beard,  wears  a  broad-brimmed  hat,  tartan 
waistcoat,  and  long  overcoat.  Behind  and  between  them  is  the  head  of  a 
man  in  profile  to  the  r.,  *I2  Charles  Pigott.  He  looks  towards  14  Henry 
Delahay  Symonds,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  who  smiles,  holding  out  his  r.  hand. 
He  wears  spectacles  pushed  up  on  his  forehead.  Behind  him  (r.)  is  13  James 
Ridgway,  also  in  profile  to  the  1. ;  *i6  Daniel  Isaac  Eaton,  a  small  man  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  stands  behind  facing  *20  M''  Collins.  Nearer  the  spectator 
is  J7  Lord  William  Murray,  in  profile  to  the  1. ;  a  lady,  *i8  Lady  William 
Murray,  puts  her  r.  hand  on  his  arm,  holding  in  her  1.  the  hand  of  a  little 
boy,  *ig  Master  Murray.  Behind  her  is  a  tall  man  wearing  a  cocked  hat 
and  facing  T.Q.  to  the  1.,  who  is  *2i  Captain  Wilbraham.  All  the  visitors 
wear  hats  except  19,  none  of  the  prisoners  except  13.  The  heads  are  por- 
traits, partly  stippled. 

A  group  of  radicals  with  their  friends.  For  i  (Wolcot)  see  vol.  vi. 
Holland  (2)  was  the  publisher  of  most  of  Newton's  designs ;  for  his  arrest 
and  that  of  (15)  Ridgway  (publisher  of  The  Rolliad,  cf.  No.  6775),  see 
[Hughes]  Justice  to  a  Judge,  1793  (pub.  Ridgway),  pp.  13-14.  Macan  (5) 
died  in  Newgate  within  two  days  of  Lord  George  Gordon;  see  Case  of 
Charles  Pigott,  1793,  p.  41  n.  Count  Alvise  Zenobio,  son  of  a  Venetian 
admiral  and  a  member  of  the  Society  for  Constitutional  Information  (see 
No.  6246),  was  ordered  to  leave  England  in  1794  at  the  same  time  as 
Talleyrand.  Frost  (7)'  was  the  secretary  of  the  London  Corresponding 
Society  and  its  deputy  to  the  French  Convention ;  he  left  Newgate  in  Dec. 

*  He  appears  in  No.  7371  as  agent  for  Hood  at  a  Westminster  election.  See  State 
Trials,  xxii.  494. 

38 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

1793  in  a  state  of  collapse  after  seven  months'  imprisonment,  receiving  an 
ovation.  Lloyd  (8),  a  U.S.A.  citizen,  published  a  pamphlet,  'On  the 
improper  conduct  of  the  Jailer  of  Newgate',  1794.  He  says  that  the  State 
Side  of  Newgate,  open  to  visitors  from  8  a.m.  to  9  p.m.,  which  should 
have  contained  only  persons  sentenced  for  offences  against  the  state, 
was  crowded  with  felons  who  could  pay  for  the  indulgence.  He,  Frost, 
Symonds,  and  Ridgway  signed  a  certificate  on  the  jail-fever  raging  Oct.- 
Nov.  1793  (of  which  Macan  and  Gordon  died).  For  Home  Tooke  (9)  see 
Index  and  vols,  iv,  v,  vi.  For  Gerald  or  Gerrald  see  No.  8508.  For 
Van  Butchell  (11),  empiric  and  truss-maker,  see  vol.  vi.  He  was  committed 
in  1793  for  sedition  but  the  charge  was  thrown  out  by  the  Grand  Jury, 
see  his  Case  published  by  Eaton,  1793 ;  his  eccentric  petition  to  the  King 
to  spare  Gerald  was  reprinted  as  a  handbill  from  the  Morning  Post  of 
17  Apr.  1794  (B.M.L.,  648.  c.  26/37).  In  this  he  claims  to  have  a  bushy 
beard,  eight  inches  long,  thinking  it  wrong  to  shave.  He  carried  a  bone 
shaped  like  a  battledore  as  a  defensive  weapon,  and  was  a  frequent  visitor 
to  Gordon  and  political  prisoners  in  Newgate.  Kirby's  Wonderful  Museum, 
i,  1803,  pp.  202,  205.  Charles  Pigott  (12)  published  radical  and  scurrilous 
pamphlets;  a  charge  against  him  was  thrown  out  by  the  Grand  Jury,  see 
his  Case,  1793.  For  Gordon  (13)  see  vols,  v  and  vi;  he  died  in  Newgate, 
I  Nov.  1793.  Ridgway  (see  above)  collected  Erskine's  Speeches  on  the 
Liberty  of  the  Press,  18 10.  Eaton  (16),  a  bookseller,  was  tried  3  June  and 
10  July  1793  for  selling  works  by  Paine,  but  acquitted.  Lord  William 
Murray  was  the  third  son  of  the  third  Duke  of  Atholl;  his  son,  though 
looking  older,  was  James  Arthur,  b.  25  May  1790.  Presumably  Wilbraham 
had  himself  removed  from  the  plate,  see  No.  8342  A.  See  No.  8339. 
i6|X27|  in. 

8342  A  An  altered  impression,  with  the  same  title  and  imprint.  The 
figure  of  Captain  Wilbraham  has  been  taken  out  and  replaced  by  a  man 
without  a  hat  standing  in  profile  to  the  r.  The  inscription  '*2J  Captain 
Wilbraham'  is  erased  and  replaced  by  D  HolL  ( ?  Holland.) 

Rubens,  No.  141. 

8343  THE    DEATH    OF    MARIAE   ANTONIETTE    QUEEN    OF 
FRANCE 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  Oct  23  iyg3  by  J  Aitken  N°  14  Castle  Street  Leicester  Square 

Engraving.  Marie  Antoinette  stands  on  the  scaffold,  a  long  veil  hanging 
from  her  head,  both  arms  extended,  saying,  O  heaven  restore  peace  to  my 
distracted  Country  &  have  Mercy  upon  my  poor  Orphans.  A  confessor  in 
monk's  robes  (1.)  stands  beside  and  partly  behind  her.  On  the  extreme  1. 
is  the  guillotine;  behind  it  stands  the  executioner  in  profile  to  the  1,  On 
the  r.  of  the  scaffold  are  two  soldiers  with  pikes.  Below  (r.)  appear  bayonets, 
a  flag,  and  a  bugle,  held  by  the  troops  surrounding  the  scaffold ;  in  the  fore- 
ground (1.)  are  heads  and  bayonets. 

News  of  the  execution  (16  Oct.)  reached  London  on  22  Oct.  The  con- 
stitutional priest  (Girard)  was  dressed  as  a  layman.  The  sketch  by  David 
of  the  Queen  seated  in  the  cart,  her  hands  tied  behind  her,  has  often  been 
reproduced  (copy  in  Print  Room).   See  Nos.  8344,  8354,  8446. 

For  the  iconography  of  the  death  of  Marie  Antoinette  see  A.  Marty, 

39 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

La  Derniere  Annee  de  Marie  Antoinette,  Paris,  1907;  Gower;  de  Vinck, 
iii.  385-401;  Hennin,  Nos.  11,621-11,636;  Dayot,  Rev.  fr.,  pp.  229-36. 
A  black-bordered  broadside  similar  in  format  to  No.  8308,  &c.,  was 
published  by  Lane  with  an  engraved  portrait  (T.Q.L.)  by  S.  Springsgoth 
(B.M.L.,  1890.  e.  18/104). 

de  Vinck,  No.  5481. 
9Xi3|in. 


8344  THE  MARTYRDOM  OF  MARIE  ANTOINETTE  QUEEN  OF 
FRANCE  OCTR  16:  1793 

Cruikshank. 

London  Pub:  Oct'  28  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving.  Marie  Antoinette  stands  on  the  scaffold,  her  head  turned  in 
profile  to  the  r.,  1.  arm  extended,  addressing  the  crowd  below.  On  the 
extreme  1.  is  part  of  the  upright  of  the  guillotine,  showing  the  windlass; 
against  it  leans  a  sword.  On  the  r.  are  three  women,  well  dressed,  and 
much  distressed,  whose  heads  appear  immediately  below  the  scaffold, 
which  is  surrounded  by  the  mounted  men  of  the  National  Guard.  The 
windows  of  the  houses  are  filled  with  spectators.   See  No.  8343,  &c. 

de  Vinck,  No.  5480.   Gower,  No.  97  (reproduction). 
8|X7|in. 


8345  A  MEMBER  OF  THE  FRENCH  WAR  DEPARTMENT  RAIS- 
ING FORSES  TO  CONQUER  ALL  THE  WORLD 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  Nov  2  iyg3  by  J  Aitken  N"  14  Castle  St  Leiester  Square 

Engraving.  The  Frenchman  sits  in  profile  to  the  1.,  on  the  knee  of  the 
Devil  (r.),  who  kneels  on  one  knee  to  support  him,  and  steadies  him  by 
encircling  his  body  with  his  r.  arm.  The  Devil  is  nude  and  muscular,  with 
large  feathered  wings;  he  grins  delightedly,  1.  arm  raised.  His  protege, 
who  is  ragged  but  fashionable  and  not  a  sans-culotte,  though  wearing  a 
bonnet-rouge,  holds  on  his  knee  a  frothing  chamber-pot,  and  blows  soap- 
bubbles  from  a  long  pipe.  Other  bubbles  of  varying  sizes  float  to  the  1., 
filled  with  close  ranks  of  infantry  and  inscribed  with  their  places  of 
destination.  Old  England  issues  from  the  pipe;  the  others  are:  Vienne, 
Flanders  (the  largest),  Rome,  Prussia,  Hanover,  Amsterdam,  Sardinia, 
Petersburg,  Beneath  their  feet  are  papers :  Asignets.  The  scene  is  near  the 
coast ;  at  the  water's  edge  sit  three  (Dutch)  frogs,  their  backs  to  the  two 
figures,  saying.  Oh  Dear  what  can  the  matter  be.  I  wish  we  was  out  of  their 
Bloody  clutches  sure  some  infurnel  Fiend  Protect  them.  They  face  a  burning 
town  on  the  horizon. 

At  this  date,  though  the  tide  had  turned  (see  No.  8341)  with  the  victories 
of  Hondschoote  (Sept.  6-8)  and  Wattignies  (Oct.  15-16,  forcing  the 
Austrians  to  raise  the  siege  of  Maubeuge),  the  allies  still  held  Valen- 
ciennes, Conde,  and  Le  Quesnoy.  Hence  the  ironic  intention  of  the 
artist  (to  whom  French  armies  are  figments  of  froth  and  worthless  paper- 
money),  necessarily  ignorant  of  the  vast  importance  of  the  work  of  Carnot, 
appointed  war-minister  17  Aug.,  and  of  the  levee  en  masse,  ordered 
on  23  Aug.  1793,  which  transformed  France  into  a  camp  and  produced 

40 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

annies  on  a  scale  unknown  in  Europe.    Aims  of  conquest  had  been  laid 
down  by  the  Convention  in  Jan.    Cf.  No.  8150.    The  Dutch  wait  in 
helpless  passivity  for  protection,    as  in  Feb.,    cf.    No.    8299,   &c.    See 
No.  8425,  &c.  An  imitation  of  Gillray's  manner. 
8|xi3|in. 

8346  THE  FRENCH  INVASION ;— OR— JOHN  BULL,  BOMBARD- 
ING THE  BUM-BOATS: 

John  Schoehert  fecit  [Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Nov'  5**  J79  J — by  H.  Humphrey  N°  i8  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  comic  map,  inscribed  A  new  Map  of 
England  &  France,  actually  showing  England  and  Wales,  the  SW.  corner 
of  Scotland,  the  north  of  France,  just  including  Paris,  and  the  Belgian 
coast  as  far  as  Ostend.  England  is  represented  by  the  body  of  George  III 
(John  Bull),  his  head  in  profile  to  the  r.,  wearing  a  fool's  cap  composed 
of  Northumberland.  His  1.  leg  is  drawn  up,  Norfolk  forms  the  knee,  the 
mouth  of  the  River  Thames  the  ankle,  Kent  the  foot.  His  outstretched  r. 
leg  terminates  as  Cornwall.  From  the  coast,  at  the  junction  of  Hampshire 
and  Sussex,  issues  a  blast  of  excrement  inscribed  British  Declaration,  which 
smites  a  swarm  of  'Bum-Boats'  extending  from  Ushant  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Seine.  The  map  is  divided  (inaccurately,  and  with  omissions,  but  with 
a  rough  correctness)  into  counties,  Wales  representing  the  flying  coat-tails 
of  the  King,  who  strides  across  the  ocean  with  great  vigour. 

The  first  allusion  to  invasion,  see  No.  8432,  Sec.   For  similar  maps  see 
Nos.  8045,  8397,  &c.   For  George  III  as  John  Bull  cf.  Nos.  6995,  8074. 
i2|X9f  i"- 

8347  FLANNEL- ARMOUR;  —  FEMALE-PATRIOTISM,  —  OR  — 
MODERN  HEROES  ACCOUTRED  FOR  THE  WARS. 

J"  Gy  des"  etfec^ 

Pu¥  Nov''  18^^  lygs  by  H.  Humphrey  N.  i8.  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  a  barrack-room ;  ladies 
are  fitting  soldiers  with  warm  caps  and  undergarments.  All  the  men  wear 
conical  caps  with  ear-pieces,  some  arranged  to  resemble  a  fool's  cap.  The 
three  ladies  in  the  foreground  are  young  and  comely ;  of  those  in  the  back- 
ground, one  is  enormously  fat,  others  thin  and  witch-like.  On  the  wall  are 
two  dilapidated  prints :  Hannibal  and  Charles  XII  (the  head  torn  off),  com- 
manders noted  for  their  disregard  of  severe  weather.  Beneath  the  title: 
To  the  benevolent  Ladies  of  Great  Britain,  who  have  so  liberally  supported 
the  new  system  of  Military  Cloathing,  this  Print  is  dedicated — 

The  flannel  garments  sent  by  ladies  to  the  troops  in  Flanders  were  the 
subject  of  ribald  comment  in  the  press.  A  depot  was  formed  in  Soho 
Square  for  storing  these  and  similar  badly  needed  comforts,  but  the 
Secretary  at  War  (Sir  G.  Yonge),  14  Nov.  1793,  appealed  to  the  public 
rather  to  expend  money  on  shoes.  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army, 
iv.  901.  This  print  {inter  alia)  is  said  to  have  checked  the  ladies'  activities. 
See  Nos.  8348,  8349. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  175.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  104.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 


11JX14-J  in. 


41 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8348  BEAUTY'S  DONATION  OR  FEELING  AND  LOYALTY. 

[Dent.] 

Pub  by  W  Dent  N"  21  iyg3 

Sold  by  y  Aitken  N"  14  Castle  Street  Leicester  Fields 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  ladies'  work-room  for  providing 
flannel  garments  for  soldiers.  A  grenadier  stands  full-face,  wearing  a 
flannel  waistcoat;  a  lady  (r.)  pulls  on  his  breeches,  saying,  Our  Officers  have 
enough  to  do  to  take  care  of  their  precious  selves  poor  Souls,  not  but  they  can 
Make  a  waistecoat  or  something  like  it  with  the  help  of  an  Army  Taylor.  A 
soldier  (r.)  stands  dressed  in  flannel  garments:  eyes  and  nose  are  visible 
between  conical  cap  and  high  collar;  he  says:  Nice  Winter  Quarters  these. 
On  the  1.  enter  two  soldiers  in  uniform,  holding  muskets ;  expressions  and 
attitude  register  reluctance  to  be  dressed.  Behind,  a  tailor's  shop-board 
stretches  across  the  room,  on  which  two  ladies  sit  cross-legged,  sewing 
garments,  with  the  inscription  (1.):  Flannel  Preservatives.  Caps,  Chin- 
pieces,  Waistcoats,  Drawers,  Trowsers,  Stockings,  Socks,  Mitts,  &c.  See 
No.  8347,  &c. 
9f  Xi2f  in. 

8349  FLANNEL  COATS  OF  MAIL  AGAINST  THE  COLD'  OR 
THE  BRITISH  LADIES  PATRIOTIC  PRESENTS  TO  THE  ARMY. 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  N'^''  25  iyg3  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  tall  and  handsome  grenadier  stands 
between  two  pretty  women,  an  arm  round  the  neck  of  each ;  they  stand  on 
stools,  in  order  to  pull  on  his  flannel  breeches.  He  wears  a  flannel  waistcoat 
and  a  hood  under  his  busby.  An  older  man  (r.)  watches  him  enviously, 
saying,  Pho  0,  while  an  elderly  lady,  resembling  Lady  Cecilia  Johnston  (see 
vol.  vi),  adjusts  a  petticoat  round  his  neck,  saying.  Aye  Aye  this  is  making 
a  good  Use  of  ones  old  flannel  Petticoats.  On  the  1.  stand  five  soldiers  in  a 
row.  Ready  for  Action,  clothed  in  flannel;  two  have  eye-  and  mouth-pieces 
in  hoods  which  otherwise  completely  cover  the  face.  A  young  woman 
approaches  the  end  man.  On  the  wall  hang  a  large  pair  of  breeches 
inscribed  Ladies  Subscription,  and  (r.)  a  group  of  portrait  prints  (H.L.)  of 
European  sovereigns :  G.  Ill,  firmly  placed,  is  flanked  by  P  of  Germany 
and  K  Prussia,  hanging  sideways  from  one  corner,  while  Poland  has  fallen 
to  the  ground.  Russia  is  aloof  in  the  upper  r.  comer.  See  No.  8347,  &c. 
9|Xi3f  in. 

8350  THE  FRENCH  FEAST  OF  REASON,  OR  THE  CLOVEN- 
FOOT  TRIUMPHANT. 

[Dent.] 

Pub  by  W  Dent  Dec  5  iyg3 

Sold  by  J  Aitken  N°  14  Castle  Street  Leicester  Square,  London 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  Notre  Dame,  with  Liberty  seated  on  Pandora's 
Box',  this  is  supported  on  a  mound  of  grass  and  flowers  from  beneath 
which  snakes  emerge.    She  holds  a  staff  on  which  is  a  large  cap  of  liberty 

'  'Cold'  is  etched  above  'French',  scored  through  but  left  legible. 

42 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

decorated  with  a  guillotine ;  snakes  form  her  hair  and  she  beckons  with  her  r. 
forefinger  to  a  grinning  and  sacrilegious  crowd.  Behind  her  (1.)  is  a  kiln 
inscribed  Torch  or  Volcano  of  Truth  Diffusing  the  Light  of  Reason  to  tlie 
Surrounding  Departments ;  from  it  issue  flames  inscribed  Blasphemy,  Distress, 
Rapine,  Murder,  Rape,  Annihilation,  Plunder.  Behind  it  is  the  arch  of  ( ?)  the 
nave ;  on  each  side  is  drawn  an  animal :  (1.)  a  grotesque  spotted  beast,  seated, 
inscribed  Sacred  to  the  Memory  of  Tyger  Marat  [assassinated  13  July  1793] ; 
(r.)  a  seated  ape.  Sacred  to  the  Memory  of  Monkey  Le  Pelletier  [assassinated 
20  Jan.  1793  for  having  voted  for  the  execution  of  Louis  XVI]. 

Liberty  extends  a  cloven  hoof  towards  a  kneeling  man  ( ?  Chaumette), 
who  kisses  it.  Behind  him  on  the  right  kneeling  choristers  sing  with  wide- 
open  mouths,  holding  music  books  inscribed :  New  Ode  to  Liberty ;  Break 
Locks  Bolts ;  Plunder  Rob  and  Kill.  They  have  three  pictures  on  poles : 
Nature,  a  woman  about  to  hurl  an  infant  to  the  ground ;  Liberty,  a  man  laden 
with  plunder  tramples  on  a  prostrate  man ;  Equality,  a  man  holds  another 
by  the  heels,  head  downwards. 

On  the  1.  lean  and  foppish  Frenchmen  kneel  at  the  feet  of  Liberty,  grin- 
ning broadly ;  they  say.  Von  Buss  Pray.  Behind  them  a  crowd  of  exulting 
republicans  advances  from  the  1.  The  foremost  ( ?  Gobel),  wearing  long 
robes  and  a  bonnet-rouge,  breaks  a  crozier  and  tramples  on  a  mitre.  A 
companion,  similarly  dressed,  also  trampling  on  a  mitre,  breaks  a  crucifix 
across  his  knee.  Two  pictures  are  held  aloft:  Truth,  a  seated  woman  much 
clothed,  and  Reason,  a  maniac  in  chains.  Over  the  group  is  the  inscription: 
Contrast  this  with  Happy  England  Where  a  Man  may  serve  God  without 
offending  his  neighbour  and  where  Religion  and  Law  secure  real  Peace  and  true 
Liberty.  On  the  opposite  transept  (r.)  is  inscribed  No  Religion  Death  is  only 
eternal  Sleep.  Beside  it  is  a  figure  of  Liberty  taking  the  place  of  Christ 
on  a  large  crucifix.  In  the  foreground  lie  pieces  of  church  plate  inscribed 
For  the  Crucible  and  sacks  inscribed  Church  Property.  After  the  title: 
Nov.  10  lygs  The  People  of  Paris,  supported  by  a  Decree  of  the  Convention, 
Resolved  to  abolish  all  Religious  Ceremonies  whatever — all  Priesthood — and 
to  acknowledge  none  but  the  God  of  Nature — the  ceremony  took  place  in  the 
cidevant  Church  of  Notre  Dame,  now  called  the  Temple  of  Reason,  where  they 
placed  a  woman  in  the  dress  of  Liberty  and  worshiped  her  as  their  Divinity — 
Of  which  the  above  Print  is,  tho'  a  satyrical,  a  just  representation,  for  however 
pleasing  the  Figure  and  Devices  of  those  Hypocritical  Monsters  might  appear, 
those  unblinded  by  enthusiasm  could  view  them  in  no  other  light  than  they  are 
here  too  truly  delineated. 

For  the  Fete  de  la  Raison  on  10  Nov.  1793,  see  Aulard,  Hist,  politique 
de  la  Rev.  fr.,  1909,  pp.  469  ff.  Liberty  was  an  opera  singer;  she  received 
homage  seated  on  a  bank.  'The  Torch  of  Truth'  burned  on  a  small  Greek 
altar.  Notre  Dame  was  henceforth  to  be  known  as  the  Temple  of  Reason. 
A  decree  of  9  Oct.  ordered  {inter  alia)  that  over  the  gate  of  cemeteries 
should  be  inscribed  'La  mort  est  un  sommeil  eternel'.  On  7  Nov.  Bishop 
Gobel  had  appeared  at  the  bar  of  the  Convention,  with  eleven  of  his  vicars, 
had  laid  down  his  cross  and  ring,  and  had  donned  the  bonnet  rouge.  See 
Aulard,  Le  Culte  de  la  Raison  .  .  .,  1892 ;  de  Vinck,  Nos.  6315-28.  See  also 
water-colours  of  processions  carrying  and  ridiculing  vestments  and  sacred 
objects,  Hennin,  Nos.  11,702-5  (reproductions,  Dayot,  Rev.fr.,  pp.  247, 
250).  Busts  or  portraits  of  Marat  and  Le  Peletier  in  juxtaposition  as 
martyrs  of  liberty  were  very  popular  in  France.  See  de  Vinck,  Nos.  5335- 
46,  and  Schreiber  Collection  of  Fans,  Nos.  124,  125.  Cf.  Nos.  8334,  8702. 
9|xi4|in. 

43 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8351  THE  WET  PARTY  OR  THE  BOGS  OF  FLANDERS 
IC  [Cruikshank]. 

London  Pub:  DeC^  7.  lygj  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Officers  and  men  of  the  British  army 
are  waist-deep  in  water.  The  central  figure  is  the  Duke  of  York  astride 
a  gun  whose  carriage  is  half  immersed.  He  holds  up  a  punch-bowl,  singing 
and  looking  down  at  a  party,  half  submerged,  of  officers  (r.).  The  negro 
cymbal-player  (see  No.  8327)  stands  beside  the  gun  (1.)  shouting  with 
upraised  cymbal.  An  officer  in  back  view  holds  out  a  glass.  Another  seated 
on  (?)  a  gun-carriage  holds  a  British  flag.  An  officer  (r.)  sleeps  with  folded 
arms.  A  man  whose  head  only  emerges  plays  a  triangle.  Muskets  and  a 
drum  hang  from  the  branches  of  a  tree  (r.).  On  the  1.  a  Highlander,  astride 
a  submerged  tent,  dips  his  hat  into  the  water,  singing: 

And  while  we  can  get  brandy  boys  we'll  scorn  to  fly! 
In  the  distance  (1.)  a  soldier  perched  on  a  high  sign-post  inscribed  Best 
Road  to  Dunkirk  wields  a  fishing-rod,  the  line  in  the  mouth  of  a  soldier 
whose  head  and  shoulders  emerge  from  the  water.  Other  small  figures  and 
half-submerged  tents  (1.)  complete  the  design.  Beneath  the  title:  A  new 
Song.  The  words  beneath  the  design  are : 

Why  Soldiers  Why 

Should  we  be  Melancholy,  boy; 

Why,  Soldiers,  why? 

Whose  business  'tis  to  die 

What  sighing  fie! 

Damn  fear,  drink  on,  be  jolly,  boys! 

'  Tis  he,  you  or  I — 

cold  hot  wet  &  dry; 

We're  allways  bound  to  follow,  boys,  annd  scorn  to  fly! 
The  wetness  of  the  autumn  in  Flanders  caused  much  sickness,  water 
being  ladled  from  the  tents  in  hatfuls  every  morning  when  near  Camphain. 
Narrative  of  the  War,  1796,  i.  116.  There  was  much  discontent  in  the 
British  army  and  outrageous  and  unfounded  slanders  against  the  Duke  of 
York  were  spread  by  officers  on  leave  in  England.  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great 
War,  p.  200.  See  No.  8327,  &c. 
81X131^  in. 

8352  A    FRENCH    HAIL    STORM,— OR— NEPTUNE    LOOSING 
SIGHT  OF  THE  BREST  FLEET— 

f  Gy  ;  des^'—etfec^— 

Pu¥  Dec  JO**  1793,  by  H.  Humphrey  N.  18  Old  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Admiral  Howe  stands 
in  a  boat  formed  of  a  gold  shell  and  drawn  by  two  dolphins  (as  in  No.  8469) 
towards  the  coast,  where  there  is  a  stone  with  a  hand  pointing  to  Torbay. 
He  covers  his  eyes  with  a  hand  to  protect  them  from  a  shower  of  guineas 
which  fill  his  boat  and  which  he  holds  up  the  skirt  of  his  coat  to  collect. 
The  dolphins  spout  guineas.  His  large  Union  flag  is  attached  to  an  upright 
trident ;  a  blast  of  coins  strikes  the  flag,  tearing  a  large  hole.  The  coins  are 
blown  from  the  mouths  of  winged  cherubic  heads  wearing  bonnets- 
rouges  (r.).  They  drive  Howe's  boat  away  from  Brest,  a  fortress  on  the 
horizon  towards  which  a  French  fleet  is  sailing  unmolested.  Howe  says: 
Zounds,  these  danin'd  hail  stones  hinder  one  from  doing  ones  duty! — /  cannot 

44 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

see  out  of  my  Eyes  for  them! — Ah!  it  was  just  such  another  cursed  peppering 
as  this,  that  I  fell  inn  with,  on  the  coast  of  America  in  the  last  War; — what 
a  deuce  of  a  thing  it  is,  that  whenever  Fm  just  going  to  play  the  Devil,  I  am 
hindered  by  these  confounded  French  storms,  or  else,  loose  my  way  in  a  Fog. 

Howe  was  made  admiral  of  the  Channel  Fleet  on  i  Feb.  1793.  He 
occasionally  sighted  small  squadrons  of  the  French  fleet  at  a  distance  which 
permitted  their  easy  escape,  and  was  frequently  obliged  by  weather  to  take 
refuge  in  Torbay.  Scurrilous  writers  represented  him  as  dodging  in  and 
out  of  Torbay.  In  the  middle  of  Dec.  he  returned  to  port  for  refitting. 
Buckingham  writes  (18  Oct.)  of  Howe's  'Torbay  slumber'.  Hist.  MSS. 
Comm.,  Dropmore  Papers,  ii.  447-8.  See  also  Mahan,  Influence  of  Sea 
Power,  iyg3~i8i2,  1892,  i.  100-3,  ^^^  ^^s,  8353,  8657.  Howe  acquired 
a  reputation  for  self-regarding  inactivity  in  the  American  War,  see  No. 
5399,  &c.  Cf.  No.  7669  on  his  supposed  shortcomings  during  the  Spanish 
crisis  of  1790. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  175.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  109.  Reprinted,  G.W.G,, 
1830. 
ii|Xi3|m. 

8353  HOW  A  GREAT  ADMIRAL,  WITH  A  GREAT  FLEET,  WENT 
A  GREAT  WAY,  WAS  LOST  A  GREAT  WHILE,  SAW  A  GREAT 
SIGHT— &  THEN  CAME  HOME  FOR  A  LITTLE  WATER. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  DeC^  10  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  &  ^i  S*  Pauls 
Church  Yard 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Howe  (r.),  astride  a  dolphin,  holds  the 
end  of  a  large  Union  flag  which  serves  as  a  sail.  He  drives  before  blasts 
issuing  from  two  pairs  of  bellows  (the  nearer  inscribed  Marats  Lungs)  worked 
by  Frenchmen  standing  in  the  stern  of  French  men-of-war,  belonging  to 
a  fleet  in  full  sail  outside  Brest,  a  fortress  on  the  extreme  1.  His  coat-tails 
blow  about  his  head.  He  and  his  fleet  (sailing  off  to  the  r.)  are  enveloped 
in  a  dark  cloud  of  smoke  issuing  from  a  cauldron  inscribed  Republican  Oil, 
which  two  demons  are  stirring  and  which  rests  on  the  back  of  a  sea-monster 
with  webbed  wings  or  fins.  This  cloud  is  inscribed  (1.):  Citizen  Pluto* s 
Plan  for  raising  a  fog.  Wind,  or  Hurricane  at  Pleasure,  to  annoy  the  Ennemy. 
Decreed.  And  (r.) :  When  our  Admiral  wants  to  Show  fight  he  is  always  lost 
in  a  Fog.  Howe  says :  Oh  Lord,  when  I  get  to  Torbay  How  folks  will  gape  and 
Stare,  Are  you  come  back?  The  Lord  knows  How.  And  been?  the  Lord  Knows 
where!!!  In  the  water  beside  him  is  a  paper:  300 £  Reward  Lost  in  a  Fog. 
In  the  foreground  (r.)  is  a  rock  inscribed  Torbay. 

See  No.  8352.   For  the  pun  on  Howe  cf.  No,  5399. 
9Xi5|in. 


8354  THE  UNFORTUNATE  MARIE  ANTOINETTE  QUEEN  OF 
FRANCE  AT  THE  PLACE  OF  EXECUTION,  OCTOBER  16TH,  1793 

Published  DeC^  12^''  iyg3  by  John  Fairburn,  Map,  Chart  &  Print 

seller,  N°  146  Minories,  London.  {Plate  II) 
Mezzotint.  Marie  Antoinette  stands  on  the  scaff^old  turning  her  head  in 
profile  to  the  1.  to  look  at  the  guillotine.  One  man  holds  her,  a  cord  in  his 
mouth,  another  kneels  (1.)  with  plank  and  rope.  A  third  stands  by  the 
guillotine.  Two  well-dressed  soldiers  stand  on  the  r.  regarding  the  Queen 
with  expressions  of  distress.    Behind  are  houses  forming  two  sides  of  a 

45 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

square,  roofs  and  windows  crowded  with  spectators.  Beneath  the  title: 
This  Beautiful  Princess  was  conveyed  from  the  Prison  of  the  Conciergerie  to 
the  Place  de  la  Revolution, . . .  amidst  the  whole  armed  Force  of  Paris;  she  still 
preserved  her  natural  Dignity  of  Mind,  and  Ascended  the  Scaffold  with  seeming 
composure,  looking  Firmly  round  on  all  sides.  .  .  .  The  common  Executioner 
immediately  tyed  her  to  the  Board,  and  the  Groove  being  fitted  to  her  Neck, 
the  Axe  was  let  down.  .  .  .  Thus  died  in  the  j8  Year  of  her  Age,  the  Daughter 
of  an  Emperor,  the  Wife  of  a  King,  &  the  Mother  of  a  Prince  called  the 
Dauphine  at  his  Birth.  See  No.  8343,  &c. 
ii|X9|in. 

8355  WINTER  QUARTERS. 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

PuM  Dec.  14.  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  where  may  be  Seen 
the  Completest  Collection  of  Caricatures  in  Europe.  Also  a  correct 
Model  of  the  Guillotine  6  Feet  high  Admitt^^  i  Shilling 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  military  officer  wearing  a  cocked  hat 
sits  in  profile  to  the  1.,  opposite  a  blazing  fire.  He  reads  a  newspaper  headed 
with  a  star  {The  Star,  an  evening  paper)  through  an  eye-glass  held  in  his 
r.  hand.  Over  the  chimney-piece  is  a  framed  map  or  plan:  New  Road  to 
Coventry.  From  his  coat  protrudes  a  bunch  of  Reports.  On  a  round  table 
behind  him  (r.)  are  a  candle,  a  bundle  of  Returns,  a  book  of  Orders,  and 
a  box  of  Pills.  On  the  wall  hangs  his  sword  next  a  print  inscribed  F[ox  E]R, 
a  bust  portrait  of  (?)  the  subject  of  the  print. 

Possibly  a  portrait  of  the  Duke  of  York,  but  (perhaps  intentionally)  a 
poor  one :  it  is  less  unlike  Prince  Ernest.  He  wears  no  marks  of  rank  other 
than  epaulettes.  The  British  army  entered  winter  cantonments  on  9  Nov. 
at  Tournay,  whence  they  went  to  their  settled  winter  quarters  at  Ghent, 
entering  it  on  16  Dec.  Narrative  of  the  War,  1795,  i.  116,  ii.  2.  For 
attacks  on  the  Duke  see  No.  8327, 8425,  &c.  Prince  Ernest  served  with  the 
Hanoverians  in  the  campaigns  of  1793-4. 
8^X71  in. 

8356  PRESENTATION  OF  THE  MAHOMETAN  CREDENTIALS 
—OR— THE  FINAL  RESOURCE  OF  FRENCH  ATHEISTS. 

J"  Gy  des*"  et  fec^ 

Pu¥  Dec  26^^  iyg3  by  H  Humphrey  N.  18  Old  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  King  and  Queen,  seated  on  the 
throne  (1.),  receive  with  astonished  horror  a  deputation  from  Turkey.  An 
arrogant  Turk  stands  proffering  a  large  rolled  document  with  pendent 
seals  on  which  are  crescents:  Powers  for  a  new  Connexion  between  the  Port, 
England  &  France.  Beside  him  (1.)  another  Turk  grovels  on  the  ground. 
Fox  and  Sheridan,  kneeling  with  crouching  humility,  hold  up  the  long 
cloak  of  the  Turkish  emissary;  their  bonnets-rouges  are  decorated  with 
crescents.  Behind  them  Priestley  bows  low  (r.).  Turks  with  spears  and 
banners  stand  behind  him.  To  a  spear  topped  with  a  crescent  is  attached 
a  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Vive  la  Republique. 

Pitt,  a  naked  mannikin,  one  foot  on  the  royal  dais,  clutches  the  King's 
knee  in  terror:  a  chain  from  his  wrist  is  attached  to  a  royal  crown  lying 
on  the  ground.  Behind  him,  and  beside  the  throne,  stands  Dundas  in 
Highland  dress,  tall  and  impassive,  holding  a  pike.  The  King  and  Queen 

46 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

are  much  caricatured:  the  King  stares,  biting  his  fingers  and  clutching  the 
Queen;  she  puts  her  fan  before  her  face  but  looks  through  its  sticks  (as 
in  No.  9528)  at  the  Turks.  The  three  elder  princesses  (not  caricatured) 
peep  from  behind  the  throne  on  the  extreme  1. 

The  print  has  little  political  relevance  and  probably  derives  from  jests 
on  the  Turkish  plenipotentiary,  cf.  Nos.  7935,  &c.,  8423.  The  attitude  to 
Pitt  is  exceptional  (cf.  No.  8363)  and  probably  non-political,  as  in  No.  8054. 
ii|Xi4iin. 

8357  FAITHFUL  SERVICE  REWARDED. 
/.  Kay  fecit  1793 

Engraving.  Dundas  sits  in  profile  to  the  r.  on  an  ass,  leading  a  second  ass ; 
both  have  human  heads  with  asses'  ears  and  wear  clerical  bands ;  they  turn 
their  heads  in  profile  to  face  him,  saying,  Lo,  are  we  not  thine  asses  on  which 
thou  hast  Rode  these  30  years,  and  Have  we  not  served  thee  in  Religion  & 
Politics.  Dundas  answers,  flourishing  his  whip :  Yes,  but  are  ye  not  Asses 
still!  A  tree  is  partly  visible  on  the  extreme  r.  Beneath  the  title :  A  Whim. 

A  bill  for  improving  Scottish  parochial  stipends  was  introduced  in  1793, 
but  withdrawn  at  the  desire  of  the  landed  proprietors.  At  the  General 
Assembly  Dr.  Alexander  Carlyle  (see  No.  7580)  and  Dr.  Henry  Grieve  (the 
asses)  charged  the  Government  with  ingratitude  towards  the  moderate  party 
in  the  Scottish  ministry.  Dr.  Bryce  Johnstone  thereupon  blamed  them  for 
their  subservience  and  compared  their  position  to  that  of  Balaam's  ass. 

'Collection',  No.  165;  Kay,  No.  ccxi. 
5X3|in. 

8358  [ARCHIBALD  HAMILTON  ROWAN  AND  THE  HON.  SIMON 
BUTLER.] 

/  Kay.  1793 

Engraving.  Two  men  walk  together  in  profile  to  the  1.  The  nearer  and 
taller  (Rowan)  wears  a  cocked  hat,  has  a  fierce  expression,  and  carries  a 
massive  stick  inscribed  A  Pill  for  a  Puppy.  His  companion  wears  a  round 
hat  and  holds  a  cane.  Beneath  the  design :  dedicated  zoithout  permission  to  the 
Swine,  the  rabble,  &  the  Wretches. 

During  the  trial  of  Muir  (see  No,  8359),  Dundas  of  Arniston,  Lord 
Advocate  of  Scotland,  spoke  contemptuously  of  the  leaders  of  the  United 
Irishmen.  Rowan,  then  on  bail  in  Ireland,  went  to  Scotland  to  demand 
satisfaction,  arriving  in  Edinburgh  with  Butler  on  4  Nov. ;  he  was  arrested, 
released  on  bail,  and  returned  to  Ireland  after  a  stay  of  eight  days,  no 
charge  being  brought  against  him.  About  the  same  time  he  was  the  bearer 
of  a  challenge  from  Butler  to  Fitzgibbon,  the  Irish  Lord  Chancellor.  The 
dedication  is  an  allusion  to  Burke's  unfortunate  phrase,  'the  swinish  multi- 
tude', see  No.  8500,  &c.  For  Rowan  see  No.  8466.   (Title  from  Kay.) 

'Collection',  No.  172;  Kay,  No.  ccxxx. 
4i-iX3iin. 

8359  [THOMAS  MUIR.] 
/.  Kay  1793 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  Bust  portrait  in  profile  to  the  r.  on  a  dark 
background,  simulating  low  relief.   Beneath  is  engraved: 

Illustrious  Martyr  in  the  glorious  cause 

Of  truth,  of  freedom,  and  of  equal  laws. 

47 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Muir  was  tried  in  Edinburgh  30  Aug.  1793  for  sedition,  and  sentenced 
to  fourteen  years'  transportation.  State  Trials,  xwiii.  117  if. ;  Cockburn, 
Examination  of  Trials  for  Sedition  in  Scotland,  i.  144  ff.,  ii.  247-52.  Kay  also 
etched  in  1793  a  portrait  of  Braxfield  (No.  Ixxi),  the  notorious  Lord 
Justice  Clerk,  who  conducted  the  Scottish  sedition  trials.    See  No.  8360. 

'Kay's  Caricatures',  No.  170;  Kay,  No.  cxxv. 
3  X  2  in. 

8360  THOMAS  MUIR  ESQR  YOUNGER  OF  HUNTERSHILL 

/  Kay  iyg3 

Edire  Published  as  the  Act  Directs  by  J.  Robertson  lygs 

Engraving.  W.L.  portrait  of  Muir  declaiming  at  his  trial.  He  stands 
directed  to  the  1.,  head  turned  in  profile  to  the  1.,  r.  arm  outstretched,  hold- 
ing a  sheaf  of  documents.  He  is  behind  a  low  barrier  against  which  rests 
a  slab  with  book  and  writing-materials  inscribed  1793. 

Probably  engraved  for  an  edition  of  the  trial  published  by  James 
Robertson.  Protests  against  the  conviction  were  made  by  Lord  Stanhope 
and  others,  Pari  Hist.  xxx.  1298  ff.  (31  Jan.  1794),  i486  ff.  (10  Mar.), 
Muir  was  rescued  from  Botany  Bay,  1796,  by  an  American  vessel,  and  after 
many  adventures  reached  France,  gave  advice  as  to  the  pending  invasion 
(1797-8)  and  the  best  means  of  supporting  a  revolution  in  Scotland. 
Meikle,  Scotland  and  the  French  Revolution,  1912,  pp.  172-7.  See  No.  8359. 

'Collection',  No.  265. 
5^X3f  in. 

8361  PENSION  HUNTER 

/.  Kay  lygs. 

Engraving.  A  man  wearing  clerical  bands  with  spurred  top-boots  stands 
directed  to  the  r.  on  an  open  Bible.  His  r.  hand  is  thrust  in  his  waistcoat, 
his  1.  holds  close  to  his  eyes  an  open  book.  Essay  on  the  management  of  Bees. 
Bees  fly  thickly  above  his  head.  The  Bible  is  inscribed  Revelation  XIII 
And  the  World  Wondered  after  the  Beast. 

A  portrait  of  the  Rev.  James  Lapslie  (author  of  the  book  on  bees),  pilloried 
for  his  part  in  the  prosecution  of  Muir,  see  No.  8359.  He  was  so  active 
in  procuring  evidence,  identifying  himself  with  the  prosecution,  that  his 
evidence  at  the  trial  was  successfully  objected  to.  He  was  one  of  those  who 
opposed  Sunday  schools,  cf.  9435.  See  State  Trials,  xxiii.  141.  Kay,  ii. 
1 12-14. 

Kay,  No.  ccix.  B.M.L.,  1303.  m.  14. 

61X31  in. 

8362  THE  REVD  I  T:  F:  PALMER. 

1.  Kay  1793 

Edinburgh  published  as  the  Act  directs  by  W.  Skirving. 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  Palmer  (H.L,),  seated  behind  a  table  or 
shelf,  holding  a  document  in  his  r.  hand,  his  head  turned  in  profile  to  the  r. 
His  hair  recedes  from  his  forehead  and  falls  on  his  high  coat-collar.  He 
has  a  neat  shirt-frill  and  a  dignified  appearance. 

Palmer  {c.  1 747-1 802),  Unitarian  minister  in  Dundee,  was  sentenced  at 
Perth  to  seven  years'  imprisonment,  13  Sept.  1793,  for  sedition.    State 

48 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

Trials,  xxiii.  237  ff.  This  pi.  was  a  frontispiece  to  his  Trial,  published  by 
W.  Skirving,  see  No,  8506  (B.M.L.,  1131.  i.  14/1).  The  sentence  roused 
much  indignation  and  Lauderdale,  Stanhope,  Fox,  and  Sheridan  tried  to 
obtain  its  reversal.  Pari.  Hist.  xxx.  1300  (31  Jan.  1797),  1449  ff.  (24  and 
27  Feb.),  i486  ff.  (10  Mar.).  See  Cockburn,  Examination  of  Trials  for 
Sedition  in  Scotland,  i.  184  ff. 

'Collection',  No.  266. 
Oval,  3f  X  2f  in. 

8363  CONGR^S  DES  ROIS  COALISfiS,  OU  LES  TYRANS  (Dfi- 
COURONNfiS).  [Dec.  1793] 

[Mailly.] 

Engraving.  A  French  emblematical  design,  with  numbers  referring  to  an 
explanation  engraved  below  the  print.  The  sovereigns  of  Europe  surround 
a  rectangular  council-table  on  three  sides.  On  the  table  is  a  map,  inscribed 
Rdpublique  franfaise  une  et  indivisible,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  cap  of 
liberty  emitting  rays :  i.  Le  bonnet  de  la  liberie  rayonnant  de  gloire  pose 
sur  la  Carte  geographique  de  la  Republique  Franfaise  son  eclat  ebloui  et 
surprend  tons  les  tyrans  rassembles.  A  cock  enters  by  an  oval  window  above 
the  door,  grasping  a  level  (cf.  No.  8639),  which  emits  flames  and  thunder- 
bolts directed  against  the  crowns  of  Catherine  11,  Francis  II,  Charles  IV, 
and  George  III :  2.  Le  Coq  embleme  de  la  vigilance  et  de  la  Republique  franfaise 
penetre  dans  V enceinte  avec  le  signe  de  Vegalite  d'ou  part  une  foudre  qui  les 
decoejfe.  Immediately  behind  i  stands  Francis  II,  his  crown,  clutched  by 
a  double-headed  Habsburg  eagle,  falls  from  his  head;  serpents  emerge 
from  it.  One  hand  holds  the  map,  the  other  is  raised  with  a  predatory 
gesture :  3  Le  tyran  autrichien  (dit  Empereur)  coeffe  a  la  coblentz  souleve  la 
carte  pour  der anger  la  bonnet  de  la  liberte,  mais  son  aigle  superbe  frappe  de 
la  foudre  entraine  par  sa  chutte  sa  couronne  sous  la  qu'elle  sont  les  serpens  de 
Venvie  appanage  de  la  maison  d'autriche.  Beside  him  (1.)  is  Frederick 
William  II,  pointing  to  the  map,  his  1.  hand  on  the  shoulder  of  Francis  II, 
looking  round  at  Catherine  II,  who  is  seated  at  the  head  of  the  table;  his 
(broken)  crown  falls  from  his  head:  4  Le  tyran  Prussien  dit  a  la  Cateau  du 
nord  qu'il  soutiendra  le  tyran  d'autriche,  quoi  qu'il  ne  I'aime  pas.  On  a  throne 
(1.),  on  a  dais,  and  under  a  canopy  of  heavy  draperies,  sits  Catherine  II, 
her  1.  foot  planted  on  the  council-table,  her  arms  held  out  towards  the 
map:  5  La  grosse  et  vielle  Cateau  (ditte  madame  Venjambde  [see  No.  7842]^ 
voulant  tenter  de  faire  encore  une  sotise,  mais  la  foudre  de  Vegalite  attaque 
la  pompe  ridicule  qui  fait  tout  son  bonheur.  Ses  beaux  projets  sont  an  pied  de 
son  trdne  designes  par  unfeu  de  paille  et  un  vaisseau  demdte.  The  dismasted 
ship  and  burning  straw  are  in  the  foreground  on  the  extreme  1.  Behind 
Catherine,  lurking  in  the  draperies  of  her  throne,  stands  Stanislaus  II  of 
Poland  on  the  extreme  1.,  frowning  over  his  shoulder  at  the  council-table, 
his  crown  is  broken  (as  in  No.  4957):  6  Le  buttor  ou  tyran  de  la  Pologne 
relegue  derierre  le  rideau  de  la  vielle  Cateau,  montrant  du  doigt  sa  couronne 
ddja  dechiree  par  elle  [in  the  First  and  Second  Partitions].  Between  and 
behind  3  and  4  is  Victor  Amadeus  III  of  Savoy,  his  crown  obscured  and  dis- 
placed by  a  small  solid  cloud ;  he  has  a  grotesquely  long  nose :  7  Le  tyran 
Amende  ou  roi  des  marmottes,  ayant  un  pied  de  nez  de  voir  les  esperances 
de  ses  deux  gendres  [Monsieur  and  d'Artois,  afterwards  Louis  XVIII 
and  Charles  X]  au  neant.  (Savoy  and  Nice  were  overrun  by  the  French 
in  1792,  cf.  No.  8143.)   Charles  IV,  his  crown  on  fire  and  horns  sprouting 

49  E 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

from  his  forehead,  stands  beside  Francis  II,  his  hand  held  before  his  face: 
S  Sire  d'Espagne  tyran  des  deux  mondes  voulant  se  garantir  avec  sa  main  de 
Viclat  du  bonnet  glorieux.  Next  (r.),  at  the  end  of  the  table  facing  Catherine 
stands  George  III,  his  crown  on  fire  and  threatened  by  a  small  solid  cloud, 
his  expression  one  of  foolish  vacuity.  Before  him  on  the  table  are  piles  of 
coins,  which  extend  across  the  map  of  France ;  he  holds  two  in  his  r.  hand, 
which  rests  on  the  table.  Behind  him  stands  Pitt,  his  fingers  ending  in 
talons,  his  legs  in  hoofs ;  he  directs  the  King's  actions  and  pushes  a  hooked 
pole  resembling  a  boat-hook  on  to  the  map,  beside  Toulon.  They  are: 
9.  George  dandin  tyran  d'angleterre  dans  les  bras  de  Vinfernal  Pitt,  qui  luifait 
verser  de  V argent  pour  corrompre.  lo.  Pitt  agissant  pour  le  benet  George  veut 
accrocher  Toulon,  ses  pieds  et  ses  mains  ergotees  designent  son  caractere 
diabolique.  On  the  extreme  r.  sits  the  Pope,  holding  his  triple  cross,  his 
crown  partly  obscured  by  a  small  cloud.  In  his  1.  hand  he  holds  a  scroll 
headed  Bulle  and  ending  with  nulla.  At  his  feet  the  dove  of  the  Saint- 
Esprit,  the  head  irradiated,  lies  dead :  12.  Le  tyran  de  la  chretiente  connu 
sous  le  nom  de  S^  Pere!  tenant  dans  sa  main  une  Bulle  qui  termine  par  le 
mot  nulle.  V esprit  qui  lui  dictoit  etant  a  plat  sur  le  dos  a  ses  pieds.  un  nuage 
^jface  Veclat  de  la  thiare. 

In  the  foreground,  emerging  from  under  the  table-cloth,  is  a  monkey, 
Ferdinand  IV  of  Naples,  the  order  of  the  Golden  Fleece  hung  round  his 
neck;  he  looks  towards  the  Pope.  Beneath  him  is  a  (damaged)  heraldic 
shield  with  the  arms  of  the  House  of  Bourbon.  On  the  ground  beside  him 
are  a  toy  horse  on  wheels  and  a  crown  pierced  by  a  stag's  antlers :  ii.  Le 
singe  Napolitain  apres  Stre  longtems  reste  sous  le  tapis  declare  sa  coalition  pour 
imiter  ses  confreres,  le  double  ornement  de  sa  tite  est  aupres  de  lui  ainsi  que  son 
joujou,  la  haquenee  qu'il  a  I'honneur  de  presenter  au  Pape.  (The  annual  tribute 
of  a  white  hackney  from  the  King  of  Naples  to  the  Pope  had  been  abolished 
in  1776.   de  Vinck,  No.  878.) 

An  illustration  of  the  French  obsession  with  the  gold  of  Pitt,  see  also 
Nos.  8464,  8845.  The  British  are  accused  of  intending  to  keep  Toulon 
(occupied  28  Aug.),  the  artist  ignoring  its  evacuation  on  18  Dec.  1793.  A 
small  force  was  sent  from  Naples  to  help  the  Austrians  against  the  French, 
but  arrived  in  small  detachments,  and  so  late  as  to  effect  nothing.  Camb. 
Mod.  Hist.  viii.  585-6.  For  George  III  as  Georges  Dandin,  cf.  No.  8464. 
For  a  survey  of  the  characters  and  abilities  of  the  sovereigns  opposed  to 
France  see  Fortescue,  British  Statesmen  of  the  Great  War,  191 1,  pp.  65  ff. 
For  other  French  satires  on  Pius  VI  see  de  Vinck,  Nos.  3437-65,  Blum, 
Nos.  252-68. 

The  Committee  of  Public  Safety  ordered  (22  Dec.  1793)  a  payment  of 
1,000  livres  to  the  artist  for  the  cost  of  engraving  this  design.  Blum,  p.  197. 

de  Vinck,  No.  4358;  Hennin,  No.  11,854;  Blum,  No.  609.   A  copy 
(reversed)  in  Jaime,  ii,  PI.  40  H. 
iilxiSin. 


8364  CONSTITUTION  D'ANGLETERRE,  [?  1793] 

[After  Gillray.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  copy  in  reverse  of  the  British  (r.) 
portion  of  No.  7546  (showing  the  slavery  of  Britain).  The  title  continues: 
Ou  le  triumphe  du  Ministre  Pitt,  foulant  aux  pieds  la  Couronne  d'  Angleterre, 
dune  main  il  tient  une  hache  et  les  chaines  dont  il  a  su  charger  la  Nation  et  le 

50 


POLITICAL   SATIRES    1793 

Roi,  de  V autre  ilporte  le  Drapeau  de  VEsclavage,  les  impdts  et  les  Echafauds 
sont  les  moyens  qu'il  employe  pour  soutenir  son  pouvoir  chancelant. 

Blum,  No.  596.    Another  (and  probably  earlier)  copy  of  No.  7546  is 
Hennin,  No.  10,544,  see  under  No.  7546  A. 
7|X5|in. 

8365  A  CURE  FOR  NATIONAL  GRIEVANCES.  [?  1793] 

['Printed  for  Citizen  Lee,  at  the  British  Tree  of  Liberty,  No.  98, 
Berwick-street,  Soho']^ 

Engraving.  Heading  to  a  set  of  printed  verses:  'Citizen  Guillotine,  a  new 
shaving  machine.  Tune  "Bob  shave  a  King".'  A  pig  on  its  hind-legs  pulls 
the  cord  of  a  guillotine  (1.)  which  is  about  to  decapitate  a  kneeling  ass. 
Another  pig  (r.)  sniffs  at  a  broken  crown.  Behind  (r.)  is  the  comer  of  a 
building  inscribed  Revolution  Place.  On  the  door  is  inscribed  Dr  Guillotine; 
above  it  is  a  placard :  The  Kings  Evil  cured  Gratis.  The  verses  begin : 

To  the  just  Guillotine, 

Who  shaves  off  Head  so  clean, 

I  tune  my  String! 

Sweet  Billy  thee  shall  hail, 
Johnny  Reeves  at  his  Tail, 

Pride  of  our  Days! 
Placemen,  Swanlike  shall  sing. 
Guillotine,  mighty  King, 
Echoes  from  Crowds  shall  ring 

With  thy  just  Praise. 
No,  Billy  shall  not  swing, 
An  Hour  upon  a  String, 

To  stop  his  Breath! 

Long  live  great  Guillotine, 
Who  shaves  the  Head  so  clean. 

Of  Queen  or  King; 
Whose  power  is  so  great, 
That  ev'ry  Tool  of  State, 
Dreadeth  his  mighty  weight. 

Wonderful  Thing!!! 

The  King,  Pitt,  and  Reeves  (promoter  and  chairman  of  the  Society  for 
preserving  Liberty  and  Property  against  Republicans  and  Levellers,  see 
No.  8699,  &c.)  are  threatened  with  the  guillotine.  For  George  HI  as  an 
ass  see  No.  5669,  &c.  The  pigs  are  probably  Burke's  'swinish  multitude*, 
cf.  No.  8500,  &c.  The  date  is  probably  after  the  death  of  Marie  Antoinette, 
see  No.  8343,  &c. 

A  similar  broadside.  The  Farce  of  the  Guillotine,  with  the  King's  Head 
in  a  Basket,  with  a  print  of  the  decollated  head  of  George  HI,  is  described 
by  Brasbridge,  Fruits  of  Experience,  1824,  p.  53.  This  resembles  a  broad- 
side (non-pictorial)  of  A  new  and  entertaining  Farce,  called  La  Guillotine 

'  Not  on  the  print,  but  taken  from  an  advertisement  appended  to  Give  us  our 
Rights!  .  .  .  (B.M.L.,  1389.  d.  27/1),  where  the  price  of  'Citizen  Guillotine  (with 
a  Caricature  Copper-plate)'  is  one  penny  (clearly  under  cost  price). 

51 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

or,  George's  Head  in  the  Basket  .  .  .  [songs]  Ca  Ira  and  Boh  shave  great 

George  our /'  [1794].  See  State  Trials,  xxiv.  682-3.  Wilberforce  notes 

(29  Oct.  1795) :  'Papers  are  dispersed  against  property.    Prints  of  guillo- 
tining the  King  and  others.'   Life,  ii.  113.    See  Nos.  8515,  8516,  and  cf. 
Nos,  8427,  8660.   For  republicanism  see  also  No.  8448. 
3i|X4n  in-   Broadside,  11^X51  in.  B.M.L.,  648.  c.  26/70. 

8366  THE  FALLEN  ANGEL!  [?  1793] 
Published  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  who  has  again  open'd  his 

Carricature  Exhibition  Rooms  to  which  he  has  added  several  Hundred 
Old  &'  New  Subjects 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  sits  on  the  ground,  full-face,  his 
fingers  together,  scowling  disconsolately.  He  holds  the  staff  of  liberty, 
broken,  with  a  tattered  cap  of  Liberty  inscribed  Sedition  \  Equality  | 
Rebell[ion]  about  to  fall  from  it.  Flames  rise  on  both  sides  inscribed:  (1.) 
A  People  rouz'd,  and  (r.)  Popular  Resentment.   Beneath  the  title  is  etched: 

Ubi  lapsus  Quid  feci? 
Such  place  eternal  justice  has  prepared 

For  those  rebellious 

Vide  Milton's  Paradise  Lost 

One  of  many  satires  on  Fox  as  seditious.  For  Fox  as  Satan  cf.  No. 
6383,  &c. ;  for  the  plight  of  the  Foxites,  (e.g.)  Nos.  8286,  &c.,  8315,  8618. 
9^X71  in. 

8367  A  PEEP  INTO  BETHLEHEM.  [?  1793^] 

[Rowlandson.] 

Engraving.  Probably  a  pi.  to  a  book.  Wolcot  (Peter  Pindar)  and  Burke  (r.) 
face  each  other  across  a  small  table  on  which  are  writing-materials.  Burke, 
as  in  No.  7529,  is  naked  to  the  waist  and  bare-legged,  wearing  a  rosary 
round  his  neck ;  he  declaims,  with  upraised  r.  arm.  Wolcot  listens,  elbows 
on  table.  Behind  and  between  them  stands  Margaret  Nicholson  (see 
No.  6973,  &c,),  crowned  with  straw,  a  bunch  of  straw  clenched  in  each  out- 
stretched hand.  Burke  puts  one  foot  on  Ode  upon  Ode  (Wolcot's  satire  on 
George  III,  see  No.  7163),  the  other  on  Rights  of  Man  (see  No.  7867,  &c.) 
and  Common  Sense  (cf.  No.  8146).  Wolcot  sits  on  his  {Odes  to  Mr]  Pain[e] ; 
beside  him  on  the  ground  are  his  Lousiad  (see  No.  7186)  and  [Peter's] 
Pension  (see  No.  7399).   Beneath  the  design: 

Ah!  then  dismounted  from  his  spavin' d  hack. 

To  Bethlehem's  walls  with  B***e  I  saw  him  borne. 

Where  the  strait  waistcoat  close  embrac'd  his  back; 

While  Peggy's  wreath  of  straw,  did  either  brow  adorn. 

And  there  they  sit;  two  grinners,  vis  a  vis; 

He  writing  Grub-street  Verse,  B***e  ranting  rhapsody. 

vide  Melancholy  Catastrophe  by  Peter  Fig  Esq' 
[cf.  No.  7596,  &c.,  on  Peter  Wheeler]. 

'  Such  a  parody  of  'God  save  the  King'  appears  to  have  been  current  in  revolu- 
tionary circles.  Cf.  Joel  Barlow's  parody,  exulting  in  the  guillotining  of  Louis  XVI 
and  anticipating  that  of  George  III.  V.  C.  Miller,  Jfoel  Barlow:  Revolutionist, 
Hamburg,  1932,  pp.  39  ff. 

*  Perhaps  earlier.   Dated  1800  by  Grego,  but  Burke  died  in  1797. 

52 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1793 

Wolcot  and  Burke  are  associated  as  antagonists  of  Paine;  the  former's 
Odes  to  Mr.  Paine  was  published  in  1791.  Burke  was  depicted  as  insane 
in  No.  7529  (1789);  see  also  Nos.  7689,  7863. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  13. 
8|  X  6|  in. 

8368  [ALLEGORICAL  DESIGN.]  [?  1793] 

[Fuseli  del.]   C  Grignion  Sculp. 

Engraving.  Probably  a  pi.  to  a  book,  A  man  in  old-fashioned  dress,  wear- 
ing jack-boots,  bestrides  a  prostrate  man,  nude  and  muscular;  he  holds  a 
rein  attached  to  a  bit  in  the  victim's  mouth,  and  a  whip,  and  looks  cynically 
at  the  spectator.  In  the  foreground  (1.)  a  man  wearing  a  long  fur-trimmed 
robe  and  holding  (?)  a  divining-rod,  points  over  his  shoulder  at  the  man 
with  the  whip.  He  has  large  erect  furry  ears  (or  cap).  Behind  the  latter 
is  a  massive  gibbet  from  which  dangle  the  corpses  of  Justice  with  her 
scales,  and  Liberty  with  staff  and  cap.  On  the  horizontal  beam  is  a  build- 
ing, a  wall  behind  which  is  a  windowless  rotunda  (?  a  mausoleum) 
inscribed  lOUI  [sic]  LIBERAT  (see  below). 

Probably  a  satire  on  the  French  Revolution:  under  the  ancien  regime  the 
noblesse  trampled  on  the  tiers-etat  (represented  by  the  nude  man) ;  during 
the  Revolution  Justice  and  Liberty  have  been  martyred.  Furry  ears  or  cap 
are  the  sign  of  a  wizard  in  another  design  by  Fuseli. 

Also  an  earlier  impression  without  signature.    Liberia  in  place  of 
'Liberat'. 
5iX3|in. 


S3 


1793 
PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES 

8369  FRIENDSHIP.  1  A  PRINCIPAL  BEARD. 
7.  Kay  fecit  iyg3 

Engraving.  Two  men  clasp  hands:  one  (1.)  in  profile  to  the  r.  and  wearing 
a  civic  chain,  the  other  with  a  large  beard,  wearing  a  long  gown  and  bands ; 
both  wear  cocked  hats.   Beneath  the  design : 

The  Elder  shall  serve  the  Younger 
Rom.  ix.  and  I2. 

A  satire  on  the  election  of  Baird  ('Beard')  as  Principal  of  Edinburgh 
University  in  1793  when  only  thirty-two.  He  married  the  daughter  of 
Thomas  Elder,  Lord  Provost  of  Edinburgh,  here  depicted  as  helping  him 
in  his  election. 

'Collection',  No.  166.   Kay,  No.  cccx. 
4fX3iin. 

8370  [DOCTOR  VERDION.]  [?  1793] 
Engraving.  An  elderly  man  walks,  stooping,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  two  large 
books  under  the  1.  arm,  an  umbrella  under  the  r.,  a  walking-stick  in  his 
r.  hand.  Books  project  from  his  coat-pocket.  He  wears  high  boots,  a 
cocked  hat,  his  queue  is  in  a  bag.  Behind  is  the  door  of  a  shop,  inscribed 
G.  Riehau.  Part  of  the  adjoining  shop-window  (1.)  is  visible,  inscribed 
[A]uctioner.  439.  Against  the  panes  are  books,  prints,  and  a  notice:  Old 
Books  bought.  A  placard  hangs  outside  the  window:  Price  6  \  Imparti[al] 
Life  of  Paine.  (A  pamphlet,  'Impartial  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Thomas 
Paine*,  was  published  in  1793.)  Beneath  the  design: 

Stop  gentle  Reader,  and  behold 
A  Beau  in  Boots,  who  loves  his  Gold; 
A  Walking  bookseller,  an  Epicure, 
A  Teacher,  Doctor,  &  a  Connoissieur. 
Alias 

Doctor  V in  his  Wrigling  attitude,  hawking  old  Books  as  Moses 

does  old  Cloaths. 
Actually  a  woman,  'Chevalier  [or  Miss]  John  Theodora  de  Verdion', 
a  London  eccentric.    Similar  portraits  were  published  after  her  death, 
aged  58,  16  July  1802.    See  B.M.  Cat.  Engraved  British  Portraits  and 
Nos.  8371,  9063. 
4|X4j«gin.  PI.  7|x5in. 

8371  D«  VE D N, 

Gratis — to  the  purchasers  of  the   Wonderful  Magazine Pu¥  by 

C.  Johnson.  [1793] 

Engraving.    Wonderful  Magazine,  i.  406.    A  copy  or  the  original  of  No. 
8370.    The  name  over  the  shop  door  is  missing.   The  inscription  differs 
slightly  from  that  on  No   8370.    It  begins:  A  remarkable  Walking  Book- 
seller.   Quack  Doctor  &c  &c. 
4|X4Jin.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5153.  a. 

54 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1793 

8372  THE  BATH  BEAUTIES 

[Miss  Griffiths  del.']  [i793'3 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions). 
Two  young  women  walk  together  towards  the  spectator,  slightly  to  the  1. 
Both  wear  frilled  fichus  over  long  pelerines,  and  straight  dresses.  The 
taller  (1.)  holds  a  large  muff  and  wears  a  small  hat  or  bonnet  with  erect 
feathers,  the  other  wears  a  bonnet  from  which  hang  long  draperies  resting 
on  the  ground.   Beneath  the  title  (attributed  to  the  Rev.  E.  Mangin): 

Skill' d  in  all  Arts  that  Grace  the  modish  Fair 

The  Air  of  Confidence  the  high  bred  Stare 

In  every  Trick  Cosmetic  stores  supply 

To  give  new  luster  to  a  languid  Eye 

For  genuine  Roses  sport  Parisian  Bloom 

Like  Stucco  plaister'd  on  a  modern  Room 
The  taller  is  identified  as  'Miss  Gubbins',  the  other  as  'Miss  Honor 
Gubbins'.  Both  acquired  elderly  rich  husbands ;  the  former,  Mary,  called 
'Glory',  married  Thomas  Panton  of  the  Jockey  Club  (see  No.  5421). 
Honor  married  Ralph  Button,  brother  of  Mrs.  Coke,  see  A.  M.  W.  Stirling, 
Coke  of  Norfolk,  i.  435-6.  They  are  described  by  Glenbervie  as  'Irish,  very 
musical,  and,  in  frankness  of  manner,  bordering  on  impropriety,  and 
approaching  still  more  closely  to  vulgarity'.  Journals,  ed.  Bicknell,  ii.  48-9. 
Honor  is  one  of  three  charming  minstrels  who  are  the  subject  of  an 
'Impromptu'  in  the  Bath  Chronicle  for  7  Mar.  1793,  beginning:  'When 
G*bb*ns  sings,  th'  admiring  Throng'.^  They  acquired  notoriety  in  1799 
(when  Mangin's  verses  were  current),  see  No.  9373,  &c. ;  and  this  print 
may  belong  to  that  year;  the  dresses,  though  not  impossible  in  1793, 
suggest  a  later  date,  but  are  amateurishly  drawn. 
icfxSf^in. 

8373  JOHN  AM  I  DRAGGL'D. 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  Jany  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  who  has  again  opend 
his  Caracature  Exhibition  Room  to  which  he  has  recently  added 
several  new  <Sf  old  Sub'*  Ad^  i  Shilling 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  lady  (1.),  her  contour  almost 
globular,  walks  in  profile  to  the  1. ;  she  holds  up  her  petticoats,  showing 
huge  calves.  Her  footman  (r.)  walks  behind,  a  thin  man  in  livery,  stooping 
forward,  holding  a  closed  umbrella.  Evidently  Mrs.  Hobart  (Lady  Bucking- 
hamshire).  See  No.  8902. 

Reproduced,  E.  Fuchs  und  A.  Kind,  Die  Weiberherrschaft  in  der 
Geschichte  der  Menschheit,  Munich,  19 13,  i.  65,  as  'Die  Unwiderstehliche'. 
6|X9iin. 

8374  THE  PATRIOTIC  PLEADER. 
[PCollings.] 

Engraved  for  the  Carlton  House  Magazine.  [i  Nov.  1793] 

Engraving.  A  reissue  of  No.  7956.  In  the  text:  'The  Patriotic  Pleader;  Or, 
The  Man  of  Feeling',  Erskine  is  satirized  for  his  speeches  (and  large  fees) 

'  Notes  by  E.  Hawkins. 

^  Information  from  the  Director  of  the  Victoria  Art  Gallery  and  Municipal 
Libraries. 

55 


CATALOGUE   OF   POLITICAL   AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

in  crim.  con.  cases,  where  his  eloquence  and  tears  extort  monstrous 

damages. 

5iiX3iin.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

8375  PORTRAITS  OF  THE  BELLMEN  IN  THE  WONDERFUL 
MAGAZINE.— Parf  /.  [1793] 

Woodcut.  From  the  Wonderful  Magazine  (a  weekly  publication,  1793-4),' 
ii.  351.  Sixteen  W.L.  figures,  reprinted  from  the  covers  of  sixteen  issues 
of  the  magazine,  arranged  in  two  rows,  all  in  profile,  or  directed  to  the  r. 
Each  holds  a  bell,  and  personates  the  parish  bellman  who  was  accustomed 
to  present  his  clients  at  Christmas  with  a  set  of  engraved  verses.  The 
verses  were  first  printed,  with  the  woodcut,  on  the  cover  of  the  weekly 
issue,  afterwards  reprinted  to  illustrate  this  folding  plate.  The  name  of 
each  is  printed  over  his  head:  A  Spaniard,  Sans  Culotte,  Stephen  Stupid, 
Obadiah  Prim  (a  Quaker),  C  J.  Fox  (see  Nos.  8530,  8622),  W.  Pitt  (see 
No.  8500),  The  Royal  Bellman  (the  King  in  his  robes),  Beef-Eater,  A 
Welchman,  Peter  Pindar  Esq.,  Sir  Jeff.  Dunstan  (as  in  No.  5637),  Jack  Tar, 
An  Irishman,  A  Scotchman,  Harrison's  Barber,  A  Blackguard.  Pitt  and 
Peter  Pindar  hold  copies  of  the  Magazine. 

Harrison's  barber  is  Mr.  Cluse,  who,  according  to  Alexander  Hogg, 
against  whom  Harrison  had  begun  proceedings  for  publishing  a  copy  of 
a  copyright  print,  was  a  partner  in  Harrison's  firm.    The  verses  are 
primarily  puffs  of  the  magazine.   See  Nos.  8529,  8622. 
11X17!-  in. 

8376  A  MAN-MID-WIFE 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Lond**  Pub:  June  13  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  W.L.  figure  stands  full-face  divided 
by  a  vertical  line,  one  half  (1.)  representing  a  man,  the  other  a  woman.  The 
background  is  similarly  bisected,  one  half  (1.)  being  a  surgeon's  dispensary, 
the  other  a  carpeted  room  with  a  domestic  grate  on  which  a  saucepan  is 
heating.  Beneath  the  title:  or  a  newly  discover' d  animal,  not  known  in 
Buff  on' s  time;  for  a  more  full  description  of  this  Monster,  see,  an  ingenious 
book,  lately  publish' d,  price  3/6,  entitled,  Man- Midwifery  dessected,  contain- 
ing a  variety  of  well  authenticated  cases,  elucidating  this  animal's  Propensities 
to  cruelty  &  indecency,  sold  by  the  publisher  of  this  Print,  who  has  presented 
the  Author  with  the  above  for  a  Frontispiece  to  his  Book.  The  surgeon,  who 
is  fashionably  dressed,  holds  an  instrument  inscribed  Lever;  the  woman 
holds  out  a  small  vessel.  The  man's  bottles,  &c.,  are  ranged  on  three 
shelves;  on  the  lowest,  inscribed  This  shelf  for  my  own  use,  are  bottles 
inscribed  Love  Water,  Cantharides,  Eau  de  vie.  Cream  of  Violets.  Obstetric 
instruments  are  inscribed :  forceps.  Boring  Scissors,  and  Blunt  Hook.  On 
the  ground  (1.)  is  a  large  pestle  and  mortar. 

A  belated  protest  against  the  male  accoucheur  as  a  danger  to  female 
modesty  and  virtue.  The  controversy  dates  from  the  career  of  Peter 
Chamberlen  (d.  1631)  and  was  virtually  decided  by  that  of  William  Smellie 
(1697-1763).  An  indication  of  the  unpopularity  of  the  surgeon,  cf.  No. 
9092,  &c.  Man-Midwifery  .  .  .  has  not  been  traced. 
8X7i^e  in. 

'  Vol.  i  published  by  C.  Johnson,  vols,  ii-v  by  Alexander  Hogg. 

56 


PERSONAL   AND   SOCIAL   SATIRES    1793 

8376  A  A  copy,  by  another  artist,  etched  with  greater  precision,  a  comma 
after  the  title,  the  spelling  'dessected'  corrected.  Imprint:  Pub:  by  S.W. 
Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  [?  1795].  A  note  adds:  'Front,  to  Petition  to  unborn 
babes.'  (Not  traced  in  B.M.L.) 

8377  PEEPERS  IN  BOND  STREET,  OR  THE  CAUSE  OF  THE 
LOUNGE!! 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  April  J*'  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly :  who  has 

just  filled  up  his  Exhibition  on  an  entire  novel  stile  admitance  J^*^ 

N  folios  of  Caracatures  Lent  out 

Engraving.  Two  pretty  women  leave  a  shop  (1.)  to  enter  a  coach  whose 
back  is  towards  the  spectator.  The  foremost  ( ?  Duchess  of  Rutland), 
raising  her  petticoats  high,  puts  a  foot  on  the  step.  She  is  followed  by 
(?)  Lady  Jersey,  who  crosses  a  step  laid  across  a  barred  area  or  cellar,  also 
raising  her  petticoats.  A  little  girl  (1.)  stands  in  the  doorway.  The  legs  of 
the  ladies  are  eagerly  inspected  by  male  loungers.  One  man  crouches  at  the 
back  of  the  coach  to  peep  through  a  quizzing-glass.  The  roadway  on  the  r. 
of  the  coach  is  crowded.  Men  with  telescopes  are  indicated  in  the  win- 
dows of  the  houses  (r.).  Other  spectators  stand  in  the  cellar  or  area  looking 
upwards  through  the  bars.  The  cover  of  a  coal-hole  in  the  pavement  is 
pushed  aside  to  show  a  profile.  The  artist's  initials  are  in  the  escutcheon 
on  the  back  of  the  coach.  For  the  Bond  Street  'lounge',  cf.  Nos.  8040,  8601, 
8900,  9447. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Fran  in  der  Karikatur,  1906,  p.  204. 
8|xi5i3gin. 

8378  THE  QUALITY  LADDER. 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  April  20  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  where 
may  be  seen  a  correct  Model  of  the  Guillotine  6  feet  high  the  Head 
&  Hand  of  Count  Strewenzee  &  the  Compleatest  Collection  of 
Caracatures  in  Europe,  to  which  has  been  recently  added  Several 
hundred  old  &  New  Subjects,  Admitance  one  shilling. 

Photograph  (much  reduced)  of  an  etching.  A  staircase  spirals  round  a  pole 
on  the  summit  of  which  is  a  ducal  coronet.  Ladies  eager  for  social  prece- 
dence hasten  up  it.  At  the  top  is  a  duchess,  who  beckons  to  the  next :  Come 
along  Marchioness  make  one  of  us.  The  lady  answers :  /'//  be  up  with  your 
Grace  but  the  Countess  is  allways  at  my  heels.  On  the  next  curve  a  countess 
looks  down,  saying,  The  Viscountess  is  Very  Nimble  to  day.  Below  her,  the 
latter  looks  back  to  say  to  a  stout  woman :  Baroness  yovCve  lost  your  Breath 
you  lag  a  little.  The  baroness  says :  Here  comes  S^  John's  Wife  but  she  shan't 
get  up.  The  baronet's  wife,  some  way  below,  stands  just  above  the  feet 
of  a  fat  woman,  who  has  fallen  head  first  down  the  stair,  her  head  on  the 
lowest  step.  She  says:  These  Mistresses  are  allways  following  Quality.  The 
unsuccessful  climber  says:  whenever  I  try's  to  Mount  I  always  miss's  my 
hold. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Frau  in  der  Karikatur,  1906,  p.  356. 

Size  of  original  (A.  de  R.  iv.  79),  2o|x  iij^  (pi.). 

57 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8379  METHODIST  PARSON. 

G.  A.  Stevens  in  his  Lecture  on  Heads 
[?I.  Cruikshank.] 
Pub  October  lo  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  8380.  Design 
in  an  oval.  A  head  with  lank,  unkempt  hair  and  melancholy,  twisted 
features,  mouthing  grotesquely,  appears  to  emerge  from  a  tub;  this  is  a 
section  of  a  tub  held  by  the  performer  on  a  table. 

Stevens  (d.  1784)  disposed  of  his  lecture  in  1774  to  Lee  Lewis,  the  actor, 
who  published  his  version  of  it  in  1784.   Editions  (some  illustrated)  were 
published  up  to  1821.  Cf.  No.  5201. 
12JX  10  in. 

8380  QUACK  DOCTOR.' 

[?I.  Cruikshank.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    Design  in  an  oval.    The  performer  of 
No.  8379,  wearing  a  large  old-fashioned  wig,  rests  his  r.  elbow  on  a  table 
lit  by  three  candles.   His  hands  are  in  a  muff  which  reaches  from  his  chin 
to  the  table ;  he  squints. 
i2|X9|in. 

8381  "HERE'S  SONGS  OF  LOVE  &  MAIDS  FORSAKEN" 
[PGiUray.] 

pu¥  march  3&^  by  H  Humphrey  Old  Bond  S*  g3 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  elderly  woman  sits  on  a  stool  playing 
a  small  harpsichord  (r.)  seen  in  profile,  a  music-book  upon  it.  She  sings 
with  her  head  turned  towards  the  spectator,  her  features  twisted,  eyes 
closed.  Her  hair  hangs  upon  her  round  shoulders ;  the  curves  of  her  figure 
and  a  small  waist  indicate  an  attempt  to  conceal  the  ravages  of  time.  The 
line  is  shaky  throughout,  to  give  an  impression  (especially  in  the  music- 
book)  of  an  aged,  quavering  voice. 

The  manner  resembles  that  of  Gillray,  obscured  by  the  deliberately 
shaky  line.   In  general  character  the  print  resembles  No.  9307. 
8X7iin. 

8382  FLEMISH  CHARACTERS. 

London  Pu¥  by  G.  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  S*  Jan^  i.  1822 
Drawn  and  Engraved  by  James  Gillray  iyg3 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  companion  print  to 
No.  8383.  A  scene  at  the  door  of  a  Flemish  church  (r.)  in  a  small  square. 
A  procession  of  little  girls,  uniformly  dressed,  wearing  aprons  and  sabots, 
each  with  a  large  book  under  her  arm,  enters  the  church,  the  smallest  in 
the  rear.  They  are  followed  (1.)  by  a  fat  Flemish  woman  wearing  a  hooded 
cloak,  a  book  in  her  hand,  a  birch-rod  hanging  from  her  wrist.  On  the 
extreme  1.  a  little  boy  walks  between  his  stout  parents,  taking  a  hand  of 
each.  Behind,  three  men  are  indicated,  also  wath  books.  On  the  r.  three 
nuns  approach  the  door,  skirting  the  wall  of  the  church.  Above  their  heads 
is  a  crucifix  in  a  niche.  In  the  background  are  gabled  buildings. 
'  Inscription  and  imprint  as  No.  8379. 

58 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES   1793 

A  line  across  the  upper  part  of  the  plate,  3  in.  from  the  upper  margin, 
shows  where  the  original  design  has  been  extended,  see  No.  8384. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  170-1  (reproduction).   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  397. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.   Van  Stolk,  No.  5927. 
8^Xi4i|in. 

8383  FLEMISH  CHARACTERS.' 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  companion  print  to 
No.  8382.  A  scene  in  the  market-square  of  a  Flemish  town  ( ?  Ghent). 
On  the  1.  is  a  row  of  booths,  under  the  projecting  roof  of  one  a  fat  woman 
sits  behind  a  table  on  which  is  a  teetotum :  an  arrow  swings  on  a  dial.  She 
is  surrounded  by  men  who  proffer  coins;  a  small  boy  gapes  at  this 
gambling  scene.  On  the  r.  a  town-crier  reading  from  a  paper  and  ringing 
his  bell  is  the  chief  figure  of  a  group:  a  peasant  woman  carrying  milk- 
pails  on  a  yoke,  four  men,  two  little  girls,  a  dog.  In  the  r.  centre  priests 
listen  intently  to  one  of  their  number  who  stands  in  back  view  reading 
from  a  paper.  Behind  (1.),  a  monk  takes  a  woman  by  the  chin.  In  the  back- 
ground British  guardsmen,  standing  stiffly  at  attention,  are  being  drilled. 
Behind  them  are  buildings  with  steep  crow-stepped  gables  and  a  church 
spire.  There  is  a  line  across  the  plate  as  in  No.  8382,  but  2|-  in.  from  the 
margin. 

Gillray  visited  Flanders  with  de  Loutherbourg  in  1793,  cf.  No.  8327. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  170-1  (reproduction).   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  398. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.     Van  Stolk,  No.  5927. 
8|Xi3|-in. 

8384  [FLEMISH  CHARACTERS.] 

Engraving.  No  inscription.  The  original  form  of  Nos.  8382,  8383,  both 
on  one  plate.  No.  8382  above.  No.  8383  below,  with  no  dividing  line.  The 
upper  part  has  no  sky  and  the  feet  only  of  the  crucifix  appear.  In  No.  8383 
details  of  the  background  have  been  altered  to  adapt  it  to  the  altered  shape. 
This  plate  was  cut  in  two,  and  an  additional  piece  of  copper  joined  to  each. 
The  print  is  said  to  be  almost  unique. 

Upper  design,  5|x  i4ig;  lower  design,  6|x  i\^\  pi.  i2igX  14!  in. 

8385  PRELUDE  TO  CRIM  CON  AND  THE  FINALE! 
[Newton.] 

London  Pu¥  Feb  20  lygs^  by  W.  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  S* 
Engraving.  Six  couples  arranged  in  two  rows.  Above  and  on  the  extreme 
1.  a  lady  and  a  parson  in  gown  and  bands  sit  facing  each  other.  She  takes 
his  1.  hand  and  puts  her  r.  hand  on  his  shoulder.  He  says:  consider  the 
dignity  of  my  character.  She  answers,  A  fig  for  character  a  good  living  is 
worth  ten  Bishops'  characters  any  time.  (Perhaps  Mrs.  Cecil  and  William 
Sneyd,  see  No.  7705.) 

Next,  a  man  fashionably  dressed  in  regimentals  and  holding  a  bludgeon, 
puts  his  I.  arm  across  the  shoulders  of  a  woman  who  sits  beside  him,  saying, 
/  toasted  you  in  ten  pint  bumpers  last  night — There's  an  instance  of  love  for 
you,  match  it  if  you  can!  She  says:  You  are  a  most  delightful  creature  to 
be  sure. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8382. 

^  'Feb.'  and  the  final  3  of  the  date  appear  to  be  alterations  to  the  imprint. 

59 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL   AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

On  the  r.  a  plainly  dressed  couple  sit  together,  he  takes  her  r.  hand  in 
his  1.  A  pen  and  ink-bottle  attached  to  his  coat  and  a  large  book  under  his 
r.  arm  show  that  he  is  an  exciseman.  He  says :  You're  certain  there  will  be 
no  damages ;  she  answers :  Lord  what  a  simpleton!  dont  you  know  you  fool 
an  Exciseman  can  make  an  entry  when  he  likes  without  any  kind  of  suspicion. 

They  are  evidently  Mrs.  Mason,  wife  of  a  tobacconist,  alleged  to  have 
seduced  Rogers,  an  exciseman,  in  collusion  with  her  husband,  for  the  sake 
of  the  damages  to  be  obtained  in  a  suit  of  crim.  con.   See  No.  7940. 

Below  (I.),  a  short,  stout  officer  in  regimentals  embraces  a  woman,  saying. 
There's  not  a  more  amorous  little  dog  in  our  whole  regiment. 

Next,  an  Irishman  wearing  the  dress  of  the  'blood'  of  1791,  a  bludgeon 
under  his  arm  (see  No.  8040,  &c.),  kneels  at  the  feet  of  a  lady,  tears  pouring 
down  his  cheek.  He  says :  You  think  its  all  bother — pon  my  soul  my  dear 
Greater  I've  been  Crying  my  eyes  out  all  this  morning.  Cf.  No.  8458. 

Last  (r.),  a  disillusioned  couple  sit  on  two  chairs;  he  frowns  with  folded 
arms,  she  turns  her  back  on  him,  reading  with  a  pleased  smile  a  Trial  [for] 
Adultery. 

There  are  probably  other  allusions  to  recent  trials  for  crim.  con.  besides 
the  two  suggested.  The  costume  and  the  altered  imprint  indicate  1791  or 
1792  as  the  probable  date. 
I7lx25f  in. 

8386  MAKING  A  FREEMASON! 

Designed  &  Etch'd  by  Richard  Newton. 

London  Pu¥  June  25  1793  by  William  Holland,  A/*"  50  Oxford  Street. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  crude  caricature  of  the  initiation  of 
a  Freemason.  The  candidate,  his  posteriors  bared,  stoops  down  to  peer, 
not  at,  but  above,  a  large  book  of  meaningless  symbols.  The  Mystery  of 
Masonry  clearly  explain'd,  held  open  before  him  by  a  kneeling  man,  who 
says,  This  is  the  whole  history  and  mystery  of  our  illustrious  Order.  Written 
by  Jack  in  in  boots.  The  candidate  says :  /  can't  read  French,  brother.  Behind 
him  stands  a  fierce-looking  man,  full-face,  legs  astride,  about  to  apply  a 
red-hot  poker  to  his  posteriors ;  he  clutches  a  masonic  symbol  which  hangs 
from  his  neck.  Behind  him  stands  a  man  holding  a  coffin  on  his  head. 
Next,  a  prim-looking  mason  looks  down  at  the  candidate.  Immediately 
behind  the  book  is  a  fat  parson,  probably  the  chaplain,  wearing  an  (in- 
correct) masonic  symbol.  On  the  extreme  1.  stands  a  thin  man  holding  a 
lighted  lantern  and  pick-axe;  on  the  r.  a  fat  man  looks  with  amusement 
over  his  shoulder  at  the  rite.  All  the  others  have  grim  expressions.  The 
book  is  lit  by  two  candles  standing  on  the  floor.  A  small  parrot  (1.)  advances 
viciously  towards  the  candidate's  back. 
9|x  15I  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  59. 

8387  CESTINA  WAREHOUSE  OR  BELLY  PIECE  SHOP. 

[?  I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub^  Ap^^  16.  1793  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  where  may  be  seen 

the  Completest  Collection  of  Caricatures  in  Europe  also  a  Model  of 

the  [Guillotine  .  .  .] 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  fitting-room  on  the  wall  of  which  are  hung 
pads  of  different  sizes,  inscribed :  Two  Months,  One  Month,  Four  Months, 
Six  Months,  Nine  Months.  A  foppish  Frenchman  ties  one  of  these  round 
the  waist  of  a  customer  in  a  short  petticoat,  who  stands  (1.)  before  an  ornate 

60 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1793 

oval  wall-mirror,  her  hands  folded  complacently  over  the  projection  at 
her  waist.  A  little  girl  in  back  view  holds  up  her  arms  eagerly  towards  a 
small  pad.  An  elegant  shopman,  holding  a  pad,  insinuatingly  points  out 
a  larger  one  on  the  wall  to  an  agitated  elderly  lady.  On  the  extreme  r.  two 
women  stand  together  highly  pleased  with  their  huge  excrescences;  one  is 
pretty,  the  other,  full-face,  resembles  a  prostitute;  her  pad  is  inscribed 
Tzvins.  Beneath  the  title:  Mons''  Devant,  Inform  de  Ladies  dat  he  has  lately 
Imported  a  Great  Assortiment  of  his  new  Fashioned  Belly  Pieces,  or  Machine 
dat  make  de  Ventre  of  de  Ladies,  for  all  de  World  like  de  Mama,  he  can  refer 
to  several  young  Ladies  of  Quality,  who  dat  look  one  Month,  2 — j — 4 — 6 — 7 
&  Nine  Month  defull  Size,  who  zoill  zeccommend  his  Abilities,  he  has  always 
ready  his  tings  for  Ladies  of  all  Sizes,  de  little  Girls,  de  middle  Size,  &  he 
can  also  fit  des  Gros  Ladies  without  Delay  or  Disappointment,  having  engagee 
some  habile  Emmigrant  Abbe  who  have  had  practice  in  dis  way  in  France: — 

See  No.  8388,  &c. 
i2|x  i8i  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  28. 

8388  FRAILTIES  OF  FASHION. 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  May  i.  1793  by  S.W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  where  May 

be  seen  a  Compleat  model  of  the  Guillotine  likway  the  Greatest 

Collection  of  Caracaturs  in  the  Kingdom  also  the  Head  and  hand  of 

Count  Streuenzee  Admitance  one  Shilling 
Engraving  (coloured  fashion).  A  satire  on  the  fashion  for  dress  projecting 
in  front  to  give  the  effect  of  pregnancy.  A  promenade  in  a  park.  On  the 
extreme  1.  is  a  little  girl  holding  a  doll,  both  dressed  in  the  prevailing 
fashion.  Next  walks  (1.  to  r.)  the  Prince  of  Wales  between  Mrs.  Fitzherbert 
(1.)  and  the  Duchess  of  York  (r.),  who  both  take  his  arm.  Next  and  behind, 
an  elderly  hag  taking  the  arm  of  a  'cit'  travesties  the  fashion.  The  next  couple 
are  two  ladies  walking  r.  to  1.,  young  and  good-looking,  who  wear  their 
short-waisted  dresses  and  clinging  draperies  with  credit ;  the  one  in  profile 
is  probably  Lady  Charlotte  Campbell.  Next  and  in  the  middle  distance 
is  a  group  of  three :  Mrs.  Hobart  ( ?)  and  Lady  Archer  (the  latter  in  a  riding- 
habit)  face  each  other  angrily;  a  man  stands  between  them.  In  the  fore- 
ground Lady  Cecilia  Johnston  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  a  paroquet  sitting 
on  the  enormous  protuberance  below  her  waist;  her  companion  (?  George 
Hanger)  wears  a  large  cocked  hat  and  holds  a  club.  On  the  extreme  r.  a 
couple  walks  off  in  back  view. 

Elliot  describes  'the  modern  fashion  of  dress  for  young  ladies',  worn  at 
balls,  &c.  The  idea  was  to  imitate  the  drapery  of  statues  and  pictures,  the 
dress  fastened  immediately  below  the  bust.  The  'slight  swell  of  the  figure' 
was  imitated  by  pads  on  the  stomach,  'an  exact  representation  of  a  state 
of  pregnancy.  This  dress  is  accompanied  by  a  complete  display  of  the 
bosom — which  is  uncovered,  and  supported  and  stuck  out  by  the  sash 
immediately  below  it.'  Life  and  Letters  of  Sir  G.  Elliot,  ii.  133  (25  Apr. 
1793).  See  also  Auckland  Corr.  ii.  508  (30  Apr.  1793).  Its  introduction 
is  attributed  to  Lady  Charlotte  Campbell,  see  No.  8719.  The  appliance 
causing  the  protuberance  was  called  a  pad ;  it  was  ridiculed  in  the  epilogue 
by  Andrews  to  Reynolds's  comedy  'How  to  grow  Rich'  (Covent  Garden, 
18  Apr.  1793),  when  a  pad  was  produced.  Life  of  Frederick  Reynolds,  ii. 
162-4.  A  farce.  The  Pad  (Robert  Woodbridge),  was  acted  at  Covent 
Garden,  27  May  1793.   See  also  Nos.  8387,  8389,  8390,  8391,  8571. 

61 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8389  A  VESTAL  OF  —93,  TRYING  ON  THE  CESTUS  OF  VENUS. 
J"  Qy  des*"  etfec* 

Pu¥  April  2^  1793  by  H.  Humphrey.  N"  18  Old  Bond  Street. 

Engraving,  partly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  The  design  resembles 
high  relief  or  even  a  group  modelled  in  the  round,  though  beneath  the  title 
is  etched:  Engrav'dfrom  a  Basso-relievo,  lately  found  upon  some  fragments 
of  Antiquity.  Three  amoretti  attend  the  toilet  of  an  aged  hag ;  the  cestus 
of  Venus  is  a  huge  pad  which  one  (1.)  ties  round  her  vv^aist,  and  another 
supports.  A  third  (r.)  holds  up  an  oval  mirror  v^^hich  reflects  the  monstrous 
curve  of  the  pad.  She  wears  a  small  grotesque  straw  hat,  from  which  hangs 
drapery  reaching  to  the  ground,  with  stays  and  under-petticoat;  from  a 
pocket  protrudes  Ovid  Art  [of  Love].  She  crouches  in  profile  to  the  r.,  her 
hands  raised  delightedly.  Cupid,  who  ties  the  girdle,  has  a  quiver  of  arrows 
which  hangs  reversed ;  his  bow  and  arrow  lie  beside  him.  Behind  (r.)  is  an 
overturned  altar  of  Venus,  the  fire  still  burning.   Beneath  the  title : 

"Upon  her  fragrant  breast  the  Zone  was  brac'd; 
In  it  was  ev'ry  art,  and  ev'ry  charm 
To  win  the  wisest,  and  the  coldest  warm. 

A  satire  on  the  'pads'  which  became  fashionable  in  1793,  see  No.  8388, 
&c.  The  vestal  is  identified  as  Lady  Cecilia  Johnston,  but  the  nut -cracker 
profile  has  no  resemblance  to  her  conspicuously  receding  forehead  and  chin. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  175.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  394.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
lOi^XHjm. 

8390  FEMALE  WHIMSICALITIES. 

[Dent.] 

Pu¥  by  W  Dent  May  16  lygs  Sold  by  J  Aitken  N"  14  Castle  Street 
Leicester  Fields  London 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  ladies  stand  back  to  back,  one  (1.) 
inscribed  Prominence,  1785,  the  other,  Prominence,  1793.  The  former  has 
the  contour  of  1785  (see  No.  6874,  &c,),  with  vast  protuberances  below  the 
chin  in  front  and  below  the  waist  behind.  The  other,  whose  bust  still 
projects,  but  in  a  less  exaggerated  manner,  has  an  enormous  protuberance 
in  front,  far  exceeding  that  of  any  pregnancy.  One  wears  a  wide-brimmed 
hat  (see  No.  7099,  &c.),  the  other  a  small  hat  trimmed  with  large  bunches 
of  ribbon ;  a  piece  of  drapery  passing  over  the  crown  meets  under  the  chin. 
Between  and  behind  the  pair  is  a  smaller  figure,  a  girl  standing  in  profile  to 
the  1.,  wearing  a  high-waisted  dress  which  falls  limply  to  the  ground.  She 
is  Virgin  Shape.   Beneath  the  design: 

Since  all  confess  the  nafral  Form  Divine, 
What  need  to  Swell  before  or  add  behind? 

See  No.  8388,  &c. 
911x13!  in. 

8391  THE  PAD  WAREHOUSE.  [i  May  1793] 
Engraving.  Bon  Ton  Magazine,  iii.  64.  The  interior  of  a  shop.  Shelves 
behind  the  counter  are  inscribed  3  Months,  4  Months,  .  .  .  8  Months ;  from 
them  hang  pads  simulating  pregnancy.    In  the  foreground  a  shopman 

62 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1793 

kneels  to  adjust  a  pad  to  the  waist  of  a  customer.  Another  customer  (r.) 
stands  in  a  dress  from  which  the  pad  is  still  absent.  On  the  extreme  1. 
a  little  girl,  whose  dress  projects  in  the  fashionable  manner,  holds  out  a 
doll.  A  shopwoman  stands  on  (concealed)  steps  behind  the  counter,  about 
to  take  down  a  pad. 

For  this  fashion  see  No.  8388,  &c. ;  the  text  (pp.  64-5)  explains  it  as  a 
means  of  concealing  pregnancy. 
41^x3/5  in.  B.M.L.,P.C. 

8392  A  TIT  BIT  FOR  THE  BUGGS. 

Rowlandson  1793 

Published  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  May  25  iyg3 
Prints  &  Drazoings  lent  on  the  Plan  of  a  Circus  Library   Folios  of 
Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  man  in  his  nightshirt,  yawning, 
with  insects  on  his  bare  leg,  stands  beside  his  bed,  desperately  scratching. 
Beneath  the  title,  four  lines  beginning: 

Alas!  what  avails  all  thy  Scrubbings  and  Shrugs 
Grego,  Rowlandson^  i.  320.   Reproduced,  Weber,  p.  69. 
io|X7ig  in.  With  border,  i2|X9|  ^^'  'Caricatures',  vii.  2. 

8393  BOTHERATION 

T.  Rowlandson  deV —     S.  Aiken  fec^. 

Publish' d  Oct.  ly.  1793.  by  S.W.  Fores,  N  3  Piccadilly,  where  may 
be  had  all  Rowlandson' s  works. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Five  elderly  barristers  are  grouped  round 
an  oblong  table  on  which  are  writing-materials ;  all  wear  large  tie-wigs.  The 
client  sits  chapeau-bras,  hands  on  knees,  in  an  arm-chair  (1.),  listening  with 
gaping  mouth  and  stupidly  eager  expression.  He  appears  to  be  a  boorish 
country  gentleman  in  London  dress.  The  counsel  beside  him  reads  from 
a  large  document:  Know  all  men  by  these  presents.  Another  also  reads.  Two 
others  watch  and  listen  with  cynical  intentness.  The  fifth  (r.),  an  aged  man 
wearing  gauntlet  gloves,  sits  with  closed  eyes  in  an  arm-chair  facing  the 
client.  On  the  wall  are  pinned  legal  notices :  Court  of  Kings  Bench  Z)** 
Common  Pleas  .  .  .  [&c.].  Heavy  folios  lie  open  on  the  floor.  Below  the 
title  (but  absent  from  the  cropped  impression  described):  'Dedicated  to  the 
Gentlemen  of  the  Bar.' 

Reissue  of  a  plate  published  by  W.  Hunter,  21  Dec.  1785. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  173,  317. 
9|X  I3f.  With  border,  io|x  14^^  in. 

8394  A  LAWYER  AND  HIS  AGENT. 

Dighton  del^ 
Pub.  Jan  21  1793 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  a  circle.  A  version  of  No.  3765 
(1793)  reversed,  and  without  the  elaborate  setting  and  accessories.  A 
lawyer  (H.L.)  is  seated  in  an  arm-chair  holding  a  legal  document  headed 
Middlesex  to  Wit.  Before  him  on  a  table  is  a  bundle  of  papers.   He  holds 

63 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

a  pen  in  his  mouth,  his  head  is  turned  to  the  r.  and  in  profile,  meditating 
with  a  fixed  and  sinister  stare.  Behind  his  shoulder  is  the  Devil  (1.),  who 
stretches  his  arm  behind  the  lawyer's  back,  holding  his  r.  arm. 

Lawyers  are  repeatedly  associated  with  the  Devil  in  these  prints,  cf. 
Nos.  6128,  3764  (1792),  3765,  3767,  9607. 
Diam.  5I  in. 

8395  A  JACK  IN  OFFICE. 

R  Dighton  deP 
Pub  Jany  4^  1793 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  exciseman  stands  in  profile  to  the  1., 
his  lower  lip  protruding  grotesquely ;  his  chest  is  much  thrown  out,  r.  hand 
thrust  under  his  coat,  1.  arm  behind  his  back.  From  his  pocket  protrudes 
an  Excise  Book.  His  ink-bottle  is  attached  to  his  coat;  in  it  is  a  pen; 
another  pen  projects  from  his  cocked  hat.  A  dog  (r.)  befouls  his  leg. 
7iX5-}iin. 

8395  A  This  figure,  H.L.  and  reversed,  in  an  oval,  is  the  subject  of  a 
watercolour  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  A.  Jaffe :  the  original  of  a  mezzo- 
tint, No.  403,  pub.  C.  Bowles,  i  Dec.  1792  (Broadley  Coll.,  Westminster 
Public  Library).'    Photograph  in  Print  Room.   Copied  in  No.  8563. 

8396  VIL  YOU  GIVE  US  A  GLASS  OF  GIN. 
I'LL  SEE  YOU  D N'D  FIRST. 

R  Dighton  sc 

Pub  Jany  4.  1793.  by  R  Dighton. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  buxom  woman  (1.),  with  loose  hair 
and  exposed  bosom,  hands  on  hips,  looks  alluringly  towards  a  man  (r.),  who 
carries  a  bunch  of  carrots  under  his  r.  arm,  a  bunch  of  turnips  in  his  1. 
hand.  He  turns  his  head  in  profile,  scowling  fiercely  at  her.  A  knife  hang- 
ing from  her  waist  suggests  that  she  is  an  oyster-woman.  The  head  of  the 
woman  is  copied  in  No.  8563. 
7jVX5|in. 

8397  GEOGRAPHY  BEWITCHED!  OR,  A  DROLL  CARICATURE 
MAP  OF  ENGLAND  AND  WALES.  [?c.  1793] 

Dighton  del. 

London :  Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  in  St.  Paul's  Church 
Yard. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  adaptation  of  No.  8045.  A  grotesque 
man  rides  a  similar  dolphin,  directed  to  the  r.,  and  looking  towards  the 
spectator.  He  holds  a  frothing  tankard.  His  cape  floating  backwards  forms 
Wales.  Additional  place-names  have  been  added  to  those  in  8045  and 
8045  A.  See  Nos.  8398,  8399 ;  cf.  No.  8346. 
7|x6i^g  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  130. 

'  Mr.  JafT^  suggests  that  the  subject  is  William  Jackson,  Commissioner  of  Excise ; 
more  probably  a  generalized  satire,  like  others  of  the  series,  cf.  No.  8417,  &c. 

64 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1793 

8398  GEOGRAPHY  BEWITCHED!  OR,  A  DROLL  CARICATURE 
MAP  OF  SCOTLAND.' 

Engraving  (coloured  impression),  A  grotesque  figure,  resembling  Punch, 
kneels  in  profile  to  the  1.,  with  a  large  thistle  in  the  foreground  (r.).  He 
bestrides  a  sack  or  bundle  which  rests  on  the  ground,  one  end  forming 
the  Mull  of  Galloway,  the  other  S*  Abbs  Head.  The  coast-line  from 
the  Murray  Firth  to  the  Firth  of  Toy  is  formed  by  his  hump.  See 
No.  8397,  &c. 
7|x6jg  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  131. 

8399  GEOGRAPHY  BEWITCHED!  OR,  A  DROLL  CARICATURE 
MAP  OF  IRELAND.' 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  witch-like  old  woman  floats  in  the 
air  in  profile  to  the  1.,  playing  an  Irish  harp.  An  infant  is  at  her  back, 
supported  by  her  cloak.  Beneath  her  is  a  pleasant  landscape  with  a  water- 
side town  and  a  background  of  low  mountains.  Under  the  title:  This 
Portrait  of  Lady  Hibernia  Bull  is  humbly  dedicated  to  her  Husband  the  great 
Mr.  John  Bull.  See  No.  8397,  &c.  For  'Hibernia  Bull'  cf.  No.  9532. 
7|x6/g  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  131. 

8400  EMBARKING  AT  DICE-QUAY  FOR  MARGATE. 

Cha'  Ansell  Fecit  C  A  del  iy88 

Publish' d  June  29'*,  lygs  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 

Aquatint.  A  companion  print  to  No.  8401.  Family  parties  walk  towards 
a  sailing  vessel  which  lies  (1.)  below  the  level  of  the  quay,  and  is  placarded; 
Dispatch  Pack\et\  Sails  for  Marga[te]  on  Monday  at  9  Oclock.  A  woman 
with  her  husband  and  little  boy  stands  disputing  with  a  coachman  (r.). 
Young  women,  dressed  in  the  fashion  of  c.  1790,  with  high-crowned  hats, 
prepare  to  embark ;  one  is  already  on  board.  In  the  foreground  (1.)  is  a  pile 
of  goods  including  long  sacks  ( ?  hop  pockets)  inscribed  Greenhithe,  Kent, 
with  other  letters  and  symbols.  The  signature  C.A  del  iy88  is  on 
a  packing-case.  A  little  boy  punctures  a  cask  and  sucks  his  finger,  not 
noticing  a  man  who  threatens  him  with  a  stick.  In  the  background  is 
London  Bridge  and  a  group  of  crowded  buildings  on  the  Surrey  side.  On 
the  r.  is  a  high  timber  structure. 
i5|X2o|  in, 

8401  LANDING  AT  MARGATE^ 

Aquatint.  A  companion  print  to  No.  8400.  Passengers  land  from  the  small 
single-masted  vessel  in  boats.  Tiny  figures  clamber  from  the  vessel  into 
a  boat;  another,  with  a  single  oarsman,  rows  to  land,  a  third  has  reached 
shore,  and  a  lady  is  being  carried  to  the  rough  rocks  covered  with  sea- 
weed in  the  foreground.  Those  who  have  already  landed,  carrying  bundles 
and  baskets,  and  struggling  against  the  wind,  are  being  assailed  by  well- 
dressed  touts,  who  proffer  cards.  A  fashionably  dressed  group  (1.)  watches 
the  scene. 

For  Margate  as  the  'cit's'  watering-place  see  No.  6758,  &c. 
i5|X2o|in. 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  8397. 
^  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  8400. 

65  F 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8402  ST  JAMES'S  DAY. 
[?I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  as  the  Act  directs,  August  5,  1793^  by  T.  Prattent  46  Cloth 

Fair  West  Smithfield,  London. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  oyster-stall:  two  tubs  filled  with 
oysters  are  on  a  table  (1.),  a  man  (seated)  and  a  young  woman  open  oysters. 
A  barber  kneels  upon  a  wig-box  to  eat  oysters ;  a  small  boy  picks  his  pocket 
of  a  comb.  A  man  stands  behind,  stiffly  expectant.  A  woman  walks  off 
to  the  r.  carrying  a  plate  of  oysters  and  a  small  covered  pot  to  an  eager 
cobbler  in  his  stall.  A  knock-kneed  sweep  (r.)  inspects  an  oyster  in  his 
hand.  On  the  ground  (1.)  is  an  empty  tub  and  a  mound  of  oyster-shells. 
Behind  are  roofs  and  spires. 

St.  James's  day  is  25  July;  one  of  his  emblems  is  a  shell.  This  and  Nos. 
8403,  8404  are  similar  in  character  to  the  'Drolls'  published  by  Sayer. 
6iiX9in. 

8403  SHAVE  FOR  A  PENNY,  HAIR  DRES'T  FOR  TWO  PENCE, 
AND  A  GLASS  OF  GIN  INTO  THE  BARGAIN. 

[?I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  as  the  Act  directs  Sep''  20  lygs  by  T.  Prattent  46  Cloth 

Fair  West  Smithfield  London. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  seated  customers  are  swathed  in 
sheets:  A  fat  man  (1.)  is  being  lathered  by  a  woman  who  holds  a  barber's 
dish  and  applies  a  soap-ball  to  his  chin.  A  hunchback  stands  on  a  stool 
cutting  off  the  hair  of  a  man  who  sits  full-face ;  part  is  already  cropped. 
On  the  r.  a  barber  curls  the  hair  of  a  customer  who  yells  with  pain.  Behind 
is  a  shelf  holding  a  bottle  and  glass  (1.)  and  a  wig-block  (r.).  For  the 
penny  barber  cf.  Nos.  7604,  7605,  8027. 
6i|X9Jin. 

8404  OH!  DEAR!  WHAT  CAN  THE  MATTER  BE!  JOHNNY  HAS 
BEEN  AT  THE  FAIR. 

[?  I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  as  the  Act  directs,  Ocf  14  lygs,  by  T.  Prattent  46  Cloth 

Fair  London. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  pretty  young  woman  (1.)  sits  in  an 
upright  chair  holding  a  distaff  and  spindle,  looking  disconsolately  before 
her,  trying  to  conceal  her  pregnancy  by  the  position  of  her  1.  arm.  An 
elderly  woman  (r.)  leans  forward,  sternly  scrutinizing;  a  young  man  stand- 
ing beside  her  points  derisively  to  a  print  on  the  wall,  The  Broken  Pitcher, 
a  girl  looking  at  her  fallen  pitcher. 
6|  X  9  in. 

8405-8413 
Series  of  'Drolls' 

8405  GOING  UP  HIGHGATE  HILL.  [?c.  1793]' 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  fat  'cits'  trudge  up  a  country  road 
raising  clouds  of  dust.  One  holds  his  hat  and  wig  and  mops  his  bald  head ; 

*  Imprint  cut  off.   Perhaps  earlier;  there  is  nothing  in  the  costume  to  show  the 
date. 

66 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES   1793 

the  other,  with  unbuttoned  waistcoat,  carries  his  coat  over  his  shoulder 
and  mops  his  forehead.  Beneath  the  design:  Two  j  Pounders  in  full  speed 
to  a  Shilling  Ordinary  on  Sunday. 

Frotn  London  to  Highgate,  behold  the  Array, 
Of  two  Hearty  Trenchermen  now  on  the  Way; 
Three  Pounds  they' I  devour  besides  Beer  &  Bread, 
Who  the  Devil  can  feed  them  at  Twelvepence  a  Head. 

For  the  Sunday  ordinary  see  Nos.  6745,  8415,  and  for  'cits'  going  up 
Highgate  Hill  on  Sunday,  No.  8775.    Cf.  Johnson's  England,  ed.  A.  S. 
Turberville,  1935,  i.  192-3. 
8igX6f  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  136. 

8406  A  FOOL  AND  HIS  MONEY'S  SOON  PARTED.  [?c.  1793]' 
[?I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  citizen  seated  on  a  sofa  drinks 
with  a  courtesan,  while  another  (1.)  picks  his  pocket.  Four  lines  of  verse 
beneath  the  design  begin: 

The  Old  Booby  half  Muzzy,  to  a  Bagnio  ReeVd, 
A  favourite  subject,  cf.  No.  5946.  L.  and  W.,  No.  58. 
7|x8f  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  129. 

8407  FOLLY  OF  AN  OLD  MAN  MARRYING  A  YOUNG  WIFE. 

[?  c.  1793]' 

[?I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  young  woman  sits  up  in  bed  to  pull 
the  nose  of  a  fat  'cit'  who  sits  beside  her,  putting  her  1.  arm  round  his  neck. 
His  hat  and  stick  lie  on  the  ground.  Behind  (r.)  a  young  man  in  his  shirt, 
wearing  his  hat  and  carrying  shoes  and  coat,  &c.,  slips  from  the  room. 
L.  and  W.,  No.  59. 
7|x8|  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  126. 

8408  LADIES  EARS  BORED,  GRATIS. 

Publish' d  24^  OcV  J79  J,  by  RoU  Sayer,  &  C"  Fleet  Street,  London. 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  jeweller's  shop,  indicated  only  by  three  neck- 
laces festooned  on  the  wall  and  by  a  door  giving  on  to  the  street.  A  lady 
sits  between  two  men;  one  (1.)  points  insinuatingly  to  a  box  of  ear-rings 
which  he  holds,  the  other  applies  a  boring  instrument  to  her  1.  ear.  Behind, 
a  weeping  schoolboy  with  a  bag  of  books  is  being  birched  by  a  young 
woman.  Through  the  door  are  seen  a  Highlander  blowing  bagpipes  and 
a  milkmaid  screaming  for  custom.  L.  and  W.,  No.  90. 
6|x8liin. 

8409  THE  CORN  DOCTOR. 

Published  NoV  20**  lygj  by  RoU  Sayer  &  C"  Fleet  Street,  London. 

Engraving.  An  angry  woman  seizes  the  hair  of  the  corn  doctor,  who  kneels 
at  her  feet,  knife  in  hand;  she  withdraws  her  bare  foot  from  his  knee. 

'  Imprint  cut  off.  Perhaps  earlier;  there  is  nothing  in  the  costume  to  show  the 
date.  The  numbers  of  the  earUer  prints  in  Laurie  and  Whittle's  catalogue  are  not 
always  in  order  of  publication. 

67 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Another  woman  sits  beside  her,  grinning ;  a  Httle  girl  (1.)  stands  watching 
the  operation.  A  panelled  wall  and  carpeted  floor  indicate  a  well-furnished 
room.  The  words  spoken  are  engraved  beneath  the  title:  Madam,  therms 
not  a  Man  of  the  profession  in  Europe,  that  can  Cut  a  corn  with  that  ease, 
delicacy,  &  safety  as  Myself — Oh!  curse  your  delicacy — you've  touched  me 
to  the  Quick — You  have  ruined  me  you  fumbling  dog — You  a  Chiropedist, 
Old  Susan  here  would  have  done  me  better — If  you  don't  immediately 
decamp,  I'll  tear  all  the  hair  off  your  shallow  pate.  L.  and  W.,  No.  92. 
6^X9  in. 

8410  VIEWING  THE  TRANSIT  OF  VENUS. 

Published  Dec''  i&^  1793  by  Rob^  Sayer  &  C°  Fleet  Street,  Loridon. 

Engraving.  A  lady  sits  on  a  garden  seat  in  profile  to  the  r.,  looking  through 
a  telescope  placed  on  a  small  rectangular  table.  A  grinning  man  standing 
beside  her  stares  at  her  through  a  quizzing-glass.  Among  the  shrubs  in 
the  background  is  a  statue  of  a  satyr  whose  expression  is  intended  to  reflect 
that  of  the  man.  L.  and  W.,  No.  93.  Coloured  impression  in  'Caricatures', 
ii.  127. 
611x81  in. 

8411  THE  COUNTRY  CRIER. 

Publish' d  Dec''  i&^  lygs  by  Rob^  Sayer  &  C"  Fleet  Street  London. 

Engraving.  The  crier,  his  mouth  wide  open,  with  an  angry  expression, 
shakes  his  bell  in  the  faces  of  three  gaping  and  alarmed  yokels  (I.).  He  wears 
a  long  old-fashioned  coat,  broad  cocked  hat  and  wig,  and  holds  a  cane. 
A  young  man  with  a  pitchfork  (r.)  loiters  complacently.  A  path  leads  to 
a  farmhouse  (r.).  Beneath  the  design  is  engraved:  Oyes!  Oyes!  This  is  to 
guie  Notice,  That  Alice  Grunt  has  lost  from  out  her  Stye  last  Night  at  25 
Minitspast  10  o  Clock  two  Pigs  the  one  a  black  un  'tother  Caroty  un  whoever 
will  bring  Um  to  the  said  alice  Grunt — Or  give  inflammation  where  they  have 
stolen  or  strayed  shall  have  her  thanks  and  the  first  sucking  Pig  from  the  Breed 
of  old  Nanny  at  Lammas  day  next — God  save  the  King.  L.  and  W.,  No.  94. 
6fX9jin. 

8412  A  COCK  AND  BULL  STORY. 

Published  Dec''  j6'*  1793,  by  RoU  Sayer  &  C"  Fleet  Street,  London. 

Engraving  (roulette).  Four  elderly  men  (T.Q.L.)  sit  close  together,  their 
elbows  resting  on  a  rectangular  table  on  which  is  a  large  punch-bowl.  The 
man  at  the  r.  end  of  the  table  tells  the  story,  putting  his  forefingers  together. 
His  vis-a-vis  frowns  with  a  finger  on  his  nose,  the  next  man  smiles 
delightedly,  spilling  his  punch.  The  man  on  the  speaker's  r.,  a  parson, 
who  holds  a  long  pipe,  puflfs  smoke  derisively  in  his  face  (cf.  No.  8220). 
L.  and  W.,  No.  95. 
6Jx8i»gin. 

8413  THE  MAN  MILLINER. 

Published  i&^  Dec  1793,  by  RoU  Sayer  &  C°  Fleet  Street  London. 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  milliner's  shop.  The  milliner  (1.)  and  a  lady 
stand  facing  each  other  in  profile  across  the  counter.  He  is  fashionably 
dressed  and  holds  a  yard-stick.  She  holds  the  end  of  a  piece  of  ribbon  and 

68 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL   SATIRES   1793 

says,  with  raised  forefinger  (the  words  engraved  beneath  the  design): 
Indeed  M'  Fribble  I  am  not  to  be  done  in  this  manner,  your  Yard  is  to  short  by 
an  Inch.  A  second  lady  (r.),  seated  in  a  chair,  holding  up  a  fan,  watches  the 
encounter  with  amusement.   L.  and  W.,  No.  97. 
6ix8|in. 

8414  YOUTH  AND  AGE.  [?  1793'] 

[?  Dighton  del.] 

Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Carington  Bowles  N"  6g  St.  Paul's  Church 
Yard  London 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  An  old  apple-woman  sits  asleep  beside 
a  table  on  which  fruit  (apples  and  strawberries)  is  arranged,  with  baskets 
under  the  table.  A  dog  sleeps  beside  her.  A  little  boy  (1.)  pushes  an  ear 
of  corn  up  her  nose ;  a  little  girl  eggs  him  on.  The  children  are  dressed 
up,  as  if  for  Sunday,  and  the  scene  is  in  the  fields  near  London,  St.  Paul's 
on  the  horizon.  Behind  the  woman  (r.)  is  a  closed  box,  resembling  a  sentry- 
box,  on  which  are  placards  including  an  enlistment  notice,  the  r.  part  cut 
off:  All  able  bo[died  men  .  .  .]  willing  to  [serve  .  .  .]  five  gui[neas  .  .  .]. 

In  1793  the  bounty  offered  to  recruits  was  ten  guineas ;  Fortescue,  Hist, 
of  the  British  Army,  iv.  887. 
i2f  X9f  in.  'Caricatures',  i.  78. 

A  BAILIFF  AND  AN  ATTORNEY— A  MATCH  FOR  THE  DEVIL. 
(627)  See  No.  3767  [c.  1793] 

[Dighton  del.] 

A  LAWYER  AND  HIS  AGENT.  (628)  See  No.  3765  [c.  1793] 

[Dighton  del.] 

Another  version  of  No.  8394. 

8415  AN  ORDINARY  ON  SUNDAY'S  AT  TWO  O'  CLOCK. 

[?  Dighton  del.] 

633.  London,  Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver,  N"  6g  S^  Paul's  Church 
Yard,  2  Oct.  iyg3. 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  A  party  of  citizens  at  a  circular  dinner- 
table  are  savagely  gormandizing.  A  young  buck  has  drawn  the  chair  from 
under  a  stout  citizen,  who  falls  to  the  ground,  upsetting  his  plate  and  pierc- 
ing with  a  fork  the  tail  of  a  dog  (1.).  Two  men,  both  with  heaped-up  plates, 
dispute  over  the  contents  of  a  dish.  A  woman  and  little  girl  sit  quietly. 
The  host,  standing  in  the  doorway  (r.),  holds  up  his  hand  in  disgust. 
Through  an  open  sash-window  is  seen  a  circular  lawn  surrounded  by  an 
arcade  divided  into  boxes  for  tea-drinking,  cf.  No.  8934. 

See  Johnson's  England,  ed.  A.  S.  Turberville,  i.  192-3 ;  see  also  No.  6745, 
on  the  same  subject,  and  No.  8405. 
i2|X9f  ^^-  'Caricatures',  i.  32. 

'  Perhaps  earlier.    C.  Bowles  died  in  1793  and  the  firm  became  Bowles  and 
Carver.   See  vol.  v,  p.  xxxviii. 

69 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8416  THE  SMOAKING  CLUB.  [c.  1793] 
Dighton  del^ 

635  London :  Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  S^  Paul's  Church 

Yard. 
Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Thirteen  men  sit  or  stand  round  an 
oblong  table,  on  which  are  long  tobacco-pipes,  wine-bottles,  glasses,  and 
three  punch-bowls.  All  are  caricatured ;  the  man  at  the  head  of  the  table 
is  dressed  as  a  military  officer  and  wears  top-boots;  he  leans  towards  a 
naval  officer  on  his  r.  with  a  wooden  leg  who  is  smoking  with  a  satisfied 
smile  and  holds  a  newspaper.  The  True  Briton.  On  the  chairman's  1.  is 
seated  an  enormously  fat  man.  The  room  is  a  handsome  one,  one  wall 
decorated  by  Ionic  pilasters  and  with  two  tall  sash-windows  (1.)  between 
which  is  a  framed  board  inscribed  Rules  and  orders  to  be  Observed  in  this 
Society.  Most  of  the  members  are  smoking  vigorously  and  producing 
clouds  of  smoke.  Cf.  Nos.  8205,  8220.  Similar  in  subject  and  manner  to 
Nos.  6912,  6913. 

Reproduced,  A.  E.  Richardson,  Georgian  England,  1931,  frontispiece. 
I2|X9|  in.  'Caricatures',  i.  33. 

8417  "HERE'S  A  HEALTH  TO  THE  DUKE  OF  YORK  |  "WHER- 
EVER HE  GOES." [?  1793] 

,^.  .  ,  ,  ,  Coldstream  Guards 

[Dighton  del.] 

J7  J    Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 

Church  Yard,  London. 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  Bust  character-study 

of  a  jovial  soldier,  holding  a  brimming  glass  and  looking  at  the  spectator. 

He  wears  a  cocked  hat,  his  powdered  hair  in  a  queue;  his  bayonet  rests 

against  his  shoulder.   Probably  published  on  the  departure  of  the  Duke 

of  York  (Col.  of  the  Coldstream)  for  Flanders  on  Feb.  1793,  described  by 

Elliot,  Ltfe  and  Letters,  1874,  ii.  1 18-19.   Cf.  No.  8327.   For  the  series  see 

Nos.  7819,  8053,  8237,  8418-20,  8767  A,  &c.,  8917,  &c.,  9101,  &c. 

5|X4fin.  'Caricatures',  ii.  125. 

8418  WHO  CARES  FOR  YOU!  [?  1793] 
[Dighton  del.] 

jyy   Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 

Church  Yard,  London. 
Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).    Design  in  an  oval.    A  buxom  young 
prostitute  (T.Q.L.)  stands  with  her  hands  on  her  hips  looking  to  the  1. 
She  wears  a  cap  over  her  loose  hair,  a  handkerchief  on  her  shoulders 
leaves  her  bosom  exposed.   Cf.  No.  9103. 
5^X4!  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  122. 

8419  THE  COUNTRY  VICAR.  [?  1793] 
[Dighton  del] 

3y8   Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  Sf  Carver,  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 

Church  Yard,  London. 
Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).   Design  in  an  oval.   A  companion  print 
to  No.  8420.   A  bust  character-study  of  a  fat  and  jovial  man,  directed  to 
the  r.  He  is  plainly  dressed,  wearing  a  very  bushy  wig,  and  smokes  a  pipe. 
SiiX-^l  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  121. 

70 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1793 
8420  THE  COUNTRY  CURATE.  I?  i793] 

[Dighton  del.] 

Syg   Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver^  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 

Church  Yard,  London. 
Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  A  companion  print 
to  No.  8419.   The  curate,  wearing  gown  and  bands,  with  a  small  wig,  is 
in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  eyes  gloomily  cast  down. 
5l\  X  4f  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  1 2 1 . 


71 


1794 
POLITICAL  SATIRES 

8421  AN  AUSTRIAN  COMMANDER. 

Pub  Jan'^  I  17941-  by  SW  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving.  Caricature  of  an  officer  with  a  large  head  and  small  legs  stand- 
ing full-face,  his  hands  behind  his  back.  He  wears  a  cocked  hat,  has  a  large 
moustache,  large  eyes,  a  broad  and  seemingly  false  nose,  and  a  fixed 
wooden  stare. 

Probably  the  Duke  of  Brunswick ;  cf.  a  French  print,  Brunswick  saignant 
du  nez;  inscription:  //  a  le  nez  casse.  Blum,  No.  486;  see  also  Van  Stolk, 
No.  5193.   See  No.  8125,  &c. 

8422  JACK  A'  BOTH  SIDES! 

[Gillray.] 

Pub  Jan  I  iyg4  by  S.W.  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly. 

A  reissue  (coloured),  of  No.  6250  (1783),  on  the  coalition  of  Fox  and 
North,  Humphrey's  imprint  scored  through  but  legible.  The  application 
to  current  politics  (if  intended)  is  obscure :  Fox,  saying  Damn  the  Tories!!!, 
triumphs  over  Shelburne,  with  the  help  of  North  (d.  1792). 
13X9  in. 

8423  A  PEEP  AT  THE  PLENIPO— !!! 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pubijan^  i  iyg4  by  SW  Fores  No  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  at  Court,  the  throne  partly 
visible  on  the  extreme  r.,  the  King  and  Queen  conversing.  The  centre 
figure  is  the  tall  'Plenipotentiary'  or  Turkish  Minister,  wearing  a  jewelled 
and  feathered  turban,  Turkish  trousers,  and  a  long  furred  robe.  He  looks 
down  at  the  fat  Lady  Buckinghamshire;  she  gazes  up  at  him  with  both 
hands  raised  in  astonishment.  Behind  him,  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  holds  up  the 
skirt  of  his  robe,  as  if  to  inspect  it,  her  r.  hand  raised  in  astonishment.  In 
the  foreground  (1.)  is  the  little  Duchess  of  York  in  back  view,  looking  up 
at  the  Prince  of  Wales.  A  head  on  the  extreme  1.  appears  to  be  that  of  the 
Duke  of  York.  The  Duke  of  Richmond  (r.),  standing  chapeau-bras,  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  inspects  the  Plenipotentiary  through  an  eye-glass.  The 
background  is  crowded  with  figures,  chiefly  of  ladies,  who  gaze  at  the 
Plenipotentiary's  back.  Among  them  is  the  head  of  a  judge  ( ?  Lough- 
borough). The  Lord  Chamberlain  (Salisbury),  holding  his  wand,  faces  the 
throne.   Beneath  the  design  are  eight  lines  of  verse  beginning: 

When  he  came  to  the  Court,  oh!  what  giggle  and  sport, 

For  the  Plenipotentiary,  see  No.  7935,  a  similar  print.  Cf.  No.  8356. 
11IXT4J  in. 

'  Written  over  an  earlier  obliterated  date. 

72 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1794 

8424  A  PICTURE  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN  IN  THE  YEAR  1793. 

[?  I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub:  by  J.  Alexander  N°  323  Strand  London  January  g  iyg4 

Engraving.  The  forces  of  good  (1.)  and  evil  (r.)  converge  in  perspective 
upon  the  temple  of  The  British  Constitution,  a  dome  supported  on  three 
pillars,  inscribed  i^m^,  Z<or</[5],  Commonlsl,  under  which  sits  Britannia,  her 
lion  at  her  feet  (1.).  On  the  front  of  the  dome  is  a  profile  of  George  III 
wearing  a  laurel  wreath  in  an  oval  inscribed  By  the  Grace  of  God.  The 
temple  rests  on  a  rock  which  has  been  undermined,  leaving  a  cavern  in 
which  are  barrels  of  Gun  Powder;  a  train  of  powder  leads  from  them  to 
Fox  (as  in  No.  6389),  who  rushes  forward  holding  out  a  torch  inscribed 
Speech  at  the  Whig  Club ;  in  his  1.  hand  is  a  paper :  The  Hazard  of  the  Die! 
He  looks  over  his  shoulder  at  Sheridan,  who  runs  up  behind  him  with  a 
lantern  and  a  dagger,  to  say :  Thy  visage  &  Design  are  refulgent!  delectable! 
Under  his  foot  is  a  paper:  No  King.  No  Religion  No  Laws.  Sheridan  says: 
The  light  of  my  Countenance  directs  thee  [for  his  fiery  face  cf.  No.  7528,  &c.] ; 
from  his  pocket  issues  a  paper:  /  will  act  my  Part.  They  are  running 
forward  from  the  jaws  of  Hell,  the  fanged  and  gaping  mouth  of  a  demon 
on  the  extreme  r.  From  it  issues  a  cloud  of  smoke  with  the  words :  Egalite 
[Orleans],  Hardy,  Danton,  Robertspierre,  Tom  Pain,  Marat,  Mor.  Chro. 

[Morning  Chronicle],  L dale  [Lauderdale],  New  — rk  H — raid,  Abuse 

of  the  Press,  Margarote  [see  No.  8507],  Daere,  Redhead,  Towers.  From  its 
nostril  issues  a  blast  inscribed  Assignats.  Behind  are  the  massed  forces  of 
Revolution,  heads  advancing  through  smoke  and  flames  with  banners 
inscribed:  British  Convention  Scotland,  London  Corresponding  Society, 
Equal  Representation,  Derby  Meeting,  Sedition,  Murder  Treason,  Anarchy 
Rapine.  Two  demons  (over  Fox  and  Sheridan)  attack  the  rock  of  the  Con- 
stitution, one  with  a  spade,  the  other,  who  says  Better  to  reign  in  Hell  than 
serve  in  Heaven,  with  Reform,  a  barbed  trident.  In  the  upper  r.  corner 
a  flying  demon  surrounded  with  smoke  and  thunderbolts  addresses  them 
with  outstretched  arms :  My  dear  Children  persevere  thus  till  Chaos  comes 
again.  Small  scorpion-like  creatures  fly  among  the  flames.  These  forces 
of  evil  have  thrown  down  a  barrier  and  Fox  and  Sheridan  are  treading  on 
it.  Beside  it  are  books:  Laws,  and  God  Religion,  with  a  skull,  bones,  and 
a  dagger.  (Cf.  No.  8350.) 

On  the  1.,  behind  a  solid  barrier,  the  forces  of  order  are  ranged,  holding 
banners.  The  man  nearest  Britannia  (presumably  Pitt,  but  a  poor  portrait) 
leans  forward  to  put  an  extinguisher  inscribed  Truth  on  Fox's  torch ;  under 
his  1.  hand  is  a  book:  Association  Tracts.  The  others  in  the  front  row 
immediately  behind  the  barrier  hold  banners.  That  of  the  man  next  Pitt 
(probably  Reeves)  is  Association  for  Preserving  Liberty  &  Property  ag* 
Republicans  and  Levellers.  The  others  (r.  to  1.)  are:  5'  Albans  Tavern 
Association,  Merchant  Taylo[rs]  Hall  Association,  Parish  of  S^  James's  Ass*^, 
Parish  of  S^  Martins  Ass",  Country  House  Ass — n  Exeter,  Lloyds  Coffee 
House  Association,  Edinburgh  Association.  Behind  these,  a  sea  of  heads  with 
banners  is  indicated,  suggesting  vast  multitudes ;  behind  them  is  a  pyramid 
inscribed  Stability.  Above  their  heads  flies  an  angel  holding  a  palm  branch 
and  saying:  /  will  guard  those  from  harm  who  serve  God  &  keep  the  Law". 
On  the  barrier  are  three  inscriptions  (r.  to  1.):  Amor  Patriae  (in  front  of 
Pitt) ;  Britannia  and  the  Constitution.  The  Law  and  Security.  Liberty  and 
Property.  Religion  and  Concord;  Honi soit  qui  mal y  pense.   In  the  upper  1. 

73 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

corner  is  an  eye  surrounded  by  a  star-shaped  halo,  inscribed  Deus  and  The 
toicked  shall  Perish  I  will  cut  them  off. 

Beneath  the  centre  of  the  design  is  inscribed :  Dedicated  to  the  Associa- 
tions for  Preserving  Liberty  and  Property  against  Republicans  and  Levellers. 
On  the  1.  and  r.  are  quotations  from  Paradise  Lost: 

'^Seest  thou  what  Rage 

Transports  our  Adversaries,  whom  no  Bounds 

Prescribed,  nor  Bars  of  Hell, 

nor  yet  the  main  Aby^ss 

Wide-interrupt,  can  hold?  So  bent  they  seem 

On  desperate  Revenge,  that  shall  Redound 

Upon  their  own  rebellious  Heads". 
and, 

"Impendent  Horrors!  threatening  hideous  fall 

One  day  upon  our  heads'* 

Let  us  destroy  or  we  shall  be  destroyed. 

"To  do  ought  good  will  never  be  our  task 

But  ever  to  do  ill  our  sole  delight 

Havock  and  Spoil  and  Ruin  are  our  Gain". 
One  of  many  prints  of  Fox  and  Sheridan  as  Jacobins.  For  the  British 
Constitution  as  a  rallying-cry  cf.  No.  8287.  The  first  and  chief  loyal 
association  was  that  founded  by  Reeves  (see  No.  8316,  &c.),  and  imitated 
in  almost  every  district  in  England  and  in  Edinburgh.  See  Veitch,  Genesis 
of  Parliamentary  Reform,  pp.  230-3 ;  P.  A.  Brown,  England  and  the  French 
Revolution,  pp.  83-4.  For  the  British  Jacobins  see  also  Rose,  Pitt  arui  the 
Great  War,  pp.  164-95 ;  Meikle,  Scotland  and  the  French  Revolution,  passim. 
Lord  Daer  was  a  prominent  'Friend  of  the  People',  ibid.  For  Hardy 
see  No.  8814.  For  Redhead,  or  Redhead  Yorke,  a  Sheffield  radical,  see 
State  Trials,  xxv.  1003,  and  D.N.B.  For  Towers  (of  the  Constitutional 
Society)  see  vols,  v  and  vi.  For  the  British  Convention  see  No.  8506,  &c. ; 
for  the  London  Corresponding  Soc,  No.  9189,  &c.  See  also  No.  8426. 
The  symbolism  of  a  temple  for  the  Constitution  belongs  to  an  earlier  type 
of  satire  or  emblematic  print,  a  late  instance  being  No.  5984  (1782). 
I2X  15!  in. 

8425  PANTAGRUEL'S  VICTORIOUS  RETURN  TO  THE  COURT 
OF  GARGANTUA.  AFTER  EXTIRPATING  THE  SOUP- 
MEAGRES  OF  BOUILLE  LAND. 

J"  Qy  des^etfed 

Pu¥  Feby  i&^  I794y  by  H.  Humphrey  N  18  Old  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of  York  (1.),  in  regimentals 
and  wearing  a  cocked  hat,  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  tipsily  swaggering; 
he  hands  to  George  III  two  large  keys:  Keys  of  Paris.  The  King,  seated 
on  the  throne  (r.)  in  hunting-dress,  leans  eagerly  forward.  The  Duke  is 
followed  by  soldiers  bearing  (worthless)  trophies  of  victory;  he  says: 
Th-th-th-there's  Paris  for  you,  damme!  did  not  I  say  Vd  take  it?  -th-thats  all! 
— a-a-and  here's  all  the  Plunder  of  France!  and  all  the  Heads  of  the  whole 
nation  of  Sans  Culottes,  damme! — ify-y-you  will  do  me  any  honor,  why  do  it; 
— if  not,  why  even  take  the  next  Paris  yourself,  damme! — look  'e  I  expect  to 

be  made  either  a  Casar  or  an  Alexander! , 

d-d-d-d-damme! 
The  King,  eagerly  goggling,  says :  What!  what!  Keys  of  Paris!  Keys  of 

74 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

Paris!  give  us  hold!  gads  bobs,  its  nothing  but,  Veni,  with  you,  lad,  hay? 
Veni,  Vidi? — ay,  ay!  Veni,  Vidi,  Vici! — ay,  ay.  A  tricolour  standard 
inscribed  Vive  la  Liberta  lies  at  the  King's  feet.  Behind  the  Duke  are 
French  weapons,  broken:  a  sword  inscribed  Vive  la  Lib  .  .,  a  cannon 
similarly  inscribed,  cannon-balls,  a  musket,  and  a  pile  of  decapitated  heads 
wearing  bonnets-rouges,  on  which  tramples  the  Duke's  secretary,  who 
holds  out  a  scroll  inscribed:  Authentic  Journal — Issuing  Manifesto's — 
Taking  Dunkirk  [see  No.  8341]  1500  Barrels  of  Gunpowder  32  pieces  of 
Cannon,  &  killing  5000  Troops, — sending  off  loooo  to  the  hospitals  in 
Flanders — marching  into  the  heart  of  France,  &  finishing  the  War  without 
expence.  J^  Suckfizzle  Secretary.  The  secretary,  who  wears  regimentals, 
a  pen  behind  his  ear,  says.  Here's  something  like  a  List  of  glorious  Actions! 
— well,  let  them  that  come  after  us  do  as  much  as  we  have  done,  and  the  Cam- 
paign will  soon  come  to  a  conclusion.  Behind  him,  guardsmen  advance  carry- 
ing bulky  burdens:  bales  of  Assignats,  a  large  basket  of  sabots  inscribed 
Wooden  Shoes  of  the  Poissards,  a  bundle  of  Breeches  of  the  Sans  Coulotte[s], 
a  pot  from  which  frogs  are  leaping. 

Pitt  sits  on  the  dais  at  the  King's  1.  hand;  he  writes  on  papers  which 
he  supports  on  his  up-drawn  knees :  Bricks  Rum — Brandy  Water  Air ;  new 
Taxes  not  to  be  felt  by  the  Swinish  Multitude ;  loan  of  Eleven  Millions. 
Behind  the  throne  (r.)  sits  the  Queen  in  profile  to  the  r.,  gleefully  holding 
out  an  apron  into  which  the  Devil  shovels  coins  from  a  sack  inscribed 
Two  Millions  P''  Ann"* ;  only  his  horns,  arms,  and  a  hoof  appear  on  the 
extreme  r.  Above  the  Queen's  head  are  shelves  on  which  are  ranged  large 
money-bags,  inscribed:  Spy  Money  40000  />'  A;  for  Flatterers  &  Toad- 
eaters  [cf.  No.  7548]  loooo  p'  A ;  loooo ;  Pin  Money  50000  p  Ann ;  for 
Private  Whim  Wham[s]  50000  p'  \A\.  At  the  King's  r.  hand  are  three 
large  bags  inscribed  for  Horses  Hound[s]  &  other  Nicknackatories. 

A  satire  on  the  futile  successes  and  humiliating  failures  of  the  Flanders 
campaign,  see  Nos.  8337,  8341,  8345,  8355,  8427,  8434.  Cf.  No.  8496,  &c. 
The  Duke  arrived  in  London  on  7  Feb.  with  two  aides-de-camp ;  a  military 
conference  was  held,  Pitt  and  his  colleagues  tried  unsuccessfully  to  secure 
his  replacement  as  commander-in-chief  by  Cornwallis.  Lond.  Chron., 
8  Feb. ;  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  pp.  204-5.  For  the  Army's  lack  of 
confidence  in  the  Duke,  see  Windham  Papers,  191 3,  i.  239  ff.;  for  the 
injustice  of  the  adverse  reports,  Malmesbury,  Diaries,  iii.  17-18;  cf.  Drop- 
more  Papers,  ii.  644,  650,  and  No.  8327,  &c.  For  a  similar  gibe  at  official 
optimism  see  No.  8458.  For  Pitt's  budget  see  Pari.  Hist.  xxx.  1353  ff. 
and  No.  8504.  He  proposed  a  loan  of  ;^i  1,000,000,  additional  taxes  on 
spirits,  bricks,  and  tiles,  &c.,  crown  and  plate  glass,  and  attorneys.  For  the 
'swinish  multitude'  cf.  No.  8500,  &c.  For  the  supposed  miserliness  of  the 
King  and  Queen  see  No.  7836,  &c.   For  the  'march  to  Paris'  cf.  No.  8826. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  176  (reproduction);  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  no. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
iif  Xi4i  in. 

8426  A  PEACE  OFFERING  TO  THE  GENIUS  OF  LIBERTY  AND 
EQUALITY. 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Publ  Feby  10  1294  by  SW  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).   English  sansculottes,  wearing  bonnets- 
rouges  and  without  breeches,  advance  with  offerings  towards  the  hideous 

75 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

embodiment  of  republican  liberty,  a  woman  straddling  across  a  pyramid 
of  gin-barrels.  Stanhope  is  the  foremost;  a  model  of  the  House  of  Lords 
on  his  head,  he  offers  a  Bible^  sceptre,  and  crown,  while  a  mitre  falls 
from  his  hand  (see  No.  8442,  &c.).  Next  is  Sheridan,  a  model  of  The  Bank 
on  his  head.  Fox,  next,  is  by  his  bulk  the  most  prominent  of  the  band.  He 
carries  the  India  House  on  his  head  (as  in  No.  6271) ;  in  his  1.  hand  he  drags 
along  the  royal  arms,  from  which  the  British  Lion  is  departing  in  disgust, 
cf.  No.  6380,  &c.  Behind  him  walks  Whitbread  with  three  barrels  on  his 
head  inscribed  Whitbreads  Intire  (cf.  No.  8638).  Next  walks  the  immensely 
rich  Duke  of  Bedford,  carrying  a  staff  to  which  is  attached  a  bill  or  bank- 
note: £5  London  Promise  Five  (erased)  Noland  [for  Newland,  cf.  No.  7839] ; 
from  his  pocket  issues  a  paper.  Item  to  remember  my  own  Poverty  B — -f — 

D .   Last,  and  on  the  extreme  1.,  is  Erskine,  carrying  on  his  head  a 

pile  of  books:  Treason  \  Law  of  \  Libel  \  Misprison  of  [Treason]. 

The  monstrous  emblem  of  the  French  Republic  (cf.  No.  8442)  has  a 
wide  grin;  serpents  writhe  in  her  unkempt  hair,  spitting  out  a  halo  of 
flames  inscribed:  Rapine,  Murder,  Famine,  Atheism;  other  serpents  emerge 
from  between  her  pendent  breasts.  In  her  r.  hand  is  a  bottle  of  Gin,  in 
her  1.  a  knife;  her  dress  is  ragged,  with  a  belt  inscribed  Republiq[ue].  The 
topmost  of  the  barrels  on  which  she  sits  is  Hollands  Gin,  from  a  barrel  on 
the  r.  emerges  a  bewildered-looking  Dutchman.  Her  r.  foot  rests  on  a 
skull.  At  her  feet  lies  Justice,  decapitated,  her  (broken)  sword  beside  her, 
while  Stanhope  kicks  the  scales  which  she  has  dropped.  Above  the  design : 
The  British  Delegates  Respectful  application  for  Peace.  Beneath  the  title  is 
etched :  Dedicated  to  those  Lovers  of  French  Freedom  who  would  thus  Debase 
their  Country. 

An  attack  on  the  Opposition  similar  in  spirit  to  No.  8424.  It  was 
probably  inspired  by  Stanhope's  motion  of  23  Jan.  1794  to  acknowledge 
the  French  Republic.  Pari.  Hist.  xxx.  1287-97;  ^-  Stanhope  and  G.  P. 
Gooch,  Life  of  Charles  third  Earl  Stanhope,  1914,  pp.  126-8.  Stanhope 
was  in  correspondence  with  Barere.  Ibid.,  p.  134.  Fox  had  made  a  motion 
for  peace  with  France  on  17  June  1793  {Pari.  Hist.  xxx.  994  ff.),  cf.  No. 
8437,  &c.  The  coalition  is  remembered,  as  in  No.  83 11,  &c.  The  conquest 
of  Holland,  see  No.  8608,  &c.,  is  foreshadowed.  For  Bedford's  'poverty' 
cf.  No.  9167,  &c. 
9|Xi4f  in. 

8427  A  PUZZLE  OF  PORTRAITS.  OR  THE  HOUR  GLASS  EX- 
HAUSTED. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  Feby  10  iyg4  by  J  Aitken  N"  14  Castle  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  hour-glass  in  which  the  sands  have 
almost  run  out.  The  contour  of  the  two  cones  is  irregular  and  defines 
profiles  of  Pitt  (1.)  and  the  King  (r.),  their  noses  almost  meeting  at  the 
waist  of  the  glass. 

Probably  an  expression  of  the  disappointment  caused  by  the  failure  before 
Dunkirk,  see  No.  8341,  and  the  abandonment  of  Toulon,  see  No.  8434. 
For  the  disappointments  of  1793-4  see  Nos.  8425,  8496,  &c.  For  a  more 
sinister  interpretation  cf.  No.  8365,  &c.  For  similar  profiles  see  Nos.  8474, 
8475.  The  earliest  use  of  'puzzle',  in  this  sense,  in  the  O.E.D.  is  1814. 
iiixSHin. 

76 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 
8428  A  GENERAL  FAST  IN  CONSEQUENCE  OF  THE  WAR!! 

IC—ks  Del 

London  Pub  Feb^  14  [?  1794]  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  where 
Folios  of  Caracatures  are  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.   A  design  in  two  compartments: 

Lambeth.  A  fat  parson  and  two  ladies  are  seated  at  a  dinner-table, 
guzzling.  On  the  table-cloth  is  a  small  mitre  with  crossed  croziers.  A 
gothic  window  indicates  Lambeth  Palace.  The  parson,  evidently  the 
Archbishop,  Moore  (r.),  his  mouth  crammed,  and  plying  his  knife  and  fork, 
says  to  a  young  woman  sitting  opposite  him :  do  you  chuse  any  More ;  she 
answers.  No  More  I  thank  ye.  Between  them,  full-face,  sits  a  fat,  gaily 
dressed  lady.  On  the  table  are  a  large  tureen  decorated  with  a  mitre, 
fish,  a  hare,  wine,  &c.  A  footman  enters  from  the  r.  carrying  a  capon.  On 
the  wall  is  a  framed  text:  Abstain  from  Worldly  Lusts  not  given  to  Feasting 
&  Gluttony.  Above  it  is  etched.  Is  this  a  fast  that  I  have  Chosen. 

Spital  Fields.  A  destitute  weaver's  family  in  a  poverty-stricken  room. 
A  young  mother  seated  by  a  table  attempts  to  suckle  an  infant ;  a  little  girl 
clamours  at  her  knee.  The  man  sits  in  profile  to  the  r.,  gloomily  con- 
templating a  print  of  a  footpad  and  his  victim  pinned  on  the  wall.  He  sits 
by  a  hearth  on  which  there  is  a  scanty  fire;  a  little  boy  (r.)  crouches  over 
it,  looking  over  his  shoulder  at  a  starving  cat  which  gnaws  an  old  shoe. 
Through  the  missing  frame  of  a  casement  window  is  seen  a  manufatory  \sic'\ 
falling  in  ruins  in  a  snowy  and  desolate  setting.  On  the  wall  are  two  large 
placards,  each  a  subscription  list:  Subscibtion  for  Family  in  Distress  in 
Consequence  of  the  War ;  its  three  columns  are  blank  except  for  one  meagre 
entry.  A  List  of  Subscribtion[s]  for  Emigrant  Clergy  has  three  columns 
closely  filled,  and  a  total  of  10,000. 

There  was  great  distress  in  the  Spitalfields  silk-trade  at  this  time :  'whole 
families  without  fire,  without  raiment,  without  food.'  See  M.  D.  George, 
London  Life  in  the  XVIII  Century,  p.  126.  Fanny  Burney  was  active  in 
the  appeal  for  subscriptions  for  the  emigrant  clergy,  publishing  a  pamphlet 
in  1793.  For  distress  due  to  war  cf.  also  No.  8328,  &c.  There  were  many 
squibs  on  the  fasts,  combined  with  prayers  for  the  success  of  British  arms, 
ordered  by  proclamation,  see  Miscellanies,  1829  (B.M.L.,  T.  1274/10).  The 
print  illustrates,  perhaps  anticipates,  Coleridge  (Feb.  1795): '. . .  a  Fast! — A 
word  that  implies  prayers  of  hate  to  the  God  of  Love — and  after  these  a 
turbot  feast  for  the  rich,  and  their  usual  scanty  morsel  to  the  poor,  if  indeed 
debarred  from  their  usual  labour  they  can  procure  even  this — ',  Essays  on 
his  own  Times,  1850,  i.  45 ;  cf.  also  'Essay  on  Fasts',  ibid.,  pp.  120  ff.  See 
Nos.  8323,  8707,  8801. 
8|xi3iin. 

8429  THE  AUCKWARD  SQUAD. 
/  Cruikshank 

Loud   Pub:  Feb^  ig  iyg4  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  where 
Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  young  officer  in  back  view  tries  to 
teach  five  lanky  soldiers  to  present  arms.  They  stand  in  different  positions, 
holding  their  muskets  in  a  variety  of  ways;  one  (r.)  aims  his  musket,  turn- 
ing his  head  away  from  the  direction  of  fire.   The  officer  points  with  his 

77 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

cane  at  a  grinning  soldier  (r,)  standing  correctly.  All  the  men  are  smartly 
dressed  in  regimentals,  but  wear  differently  shaped  cocked  hats,  a  busby, 
&c.   Behind  is  a  hedge  with  a  stile  (r.)  leading  to  a  country  church. 
8^Xi2f  in. 

8430  A  PARIS  BEAU. 

Miss  Mary  Stokes  deV   [Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Fel/y  2&^  iyg4.  by  H.  Humphrey  N  i8.  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  irregular  oval.  A  French- 
man (bust)  glares  to  the  r.,  showing  his  teeth  fiercely.  He  has  long  unkempt 
hair,  a  bristly  beard,  and  wears  a  bonnet  rouge  with  a  tricolour  cockade, 
and  an  ear-ring ;  his  sleeve  is  splashed  with  blood.  Above  the  design :  Vive 
la  Republique!  que  tons  les  Tyrans  mordent  la  poussiere! — Point  de  Religion 
(cf.  No.  8350). 

A  companion  print  to  No.  8431.  Cf.  also  Nos.  8435,  8436.  Gillray 
appears  to  be  simulating  the  manner  of  an  imaginary  amateur,  cf.  No. 
8812,  &c. 

Wright  and  Evans,  No.  108.  de  Vinck,  No.  61 15.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
5|X4|in. 

8431  A  PARIS  BELLE.' 

[Gillray.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  8430.  Design 
in  an  irregular  oval.  A  woman  (bust)  glares  fiercely  to  the  1.,  her  mouth 
closed  and  drawn  down.  Her  cap  and  fichu  are  decked  with  tricolour 
ribbons,  and  in  her  cap  is  a  dagger,  point  upward  and  dripping  blood. 
Above  the  design :  Des  Tetes! — du  Sang! — la  Mort! — a  la  Lanterne! — a  la 
Guillotine. — point  de  Reine! — Je  suis  la  Deesse  de  la  Liberte  [cf.  No.  8350] — 
Vegalite! — que  Londres  soit  brule! — que  Paris  soit  Libre!! — Vive  la  Guillo- 
tine!— 

Wright  and  Evans,  No.  107.   de  Vinck,  No.  61 16.   Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  139. 
5|X4f  in. 

8432  FRENCH  INVASION  OR  BRIGHTON  IN  A  BUSTLE. 
[  ?  Nixon  del.] 

Published  March  i^  1794.  by  I.  Downes  N°  240  Strand. 

Engraving.  A  scene  at  Brighton;  some  Frenchmen  have  landed  on  the 
beach;  others  are  in  broad  clumsy  boats  which  have  left  French  men- 
of-war.  In  the  foreground  old  women  and  yokels  are  dealing  with 
the  invaders.  A  woman  resembling  Martha  Gunn,  the  bathing- woman, 
trampling  on  prostrate  bodies,  holds  out  at  arm's  length  a  kicking  French 
soldier.  Two  lean  and  ragged  fops  (1.)  kneel  before  two  irate  women,  one 
wielding  a  spit,  the  other  an  oar.  A  yokel  uses  his  pitchfork  to  raise  a 
prostrate  man;  he  is  smoking  a  pipe.  Fat  soldiers  or  volunteers  advance 
from  the  r.,  one  carrying  a  basket  of  pistols.  Behind  (r.)  is  the  high  sea- 
front  backed  by  houses.  From  this  upper  level  guns  are  being  fired  at  the 
boats,  some  of  which  founder,  and  at  the  ships.   The  nearest  boat,  half 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  8430. 
78 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

sunk,  displays  a  guillotine.  In  bathing-boxes  inscribed  Smodker  (y)  and 
(8)  are  Fox  and  Sheridan,  furtively  looking  out.  The  figures  in  the  fore- 
ground are  burlesqued,  the  fighting  absurd.  In  the  distance  soldiers  are 
drawn  up  on  the  beach  firing  at  the  invaders  under  the  command  of  a 
mounted  officer.  The  first  row  kneel,  the  second  fire  standing.  Spectators 
watch  from  behind  a  sea  wall  and  from  the  windows  of  the  nearest  house. 
The  invasion  and  revolutionizing  of  England  was  the  declared  policy  of 
the  Republic,  and  there  had  already  been  paper  schemes  for  putting  it  into 
execution,  all  abortive  through  the  weakness  of  the  navy.  See  Desbrieres, 
Projets  de  debarquement  aux  lies  britanniques,  1900,  i.  13  ff. ;  Rose,  Pitt  and 
the  Great  War,  1911,  pp.  101-3;  Sorel,  U Europe  et  la  rev.fr.  iii.  272,  344. 
Cf.  Danton,  10  Mar.  1793,  '.  .  .  si  la  France  marchait,  les  republicains 
d'Angleterre  vous  donneraient  la  main,  et  I'univers  serait  libre'.  Ibid. 
John  Miles  or  'Smoaker'  was  for  many  years  'chief  bather'  at  Brighton, 
see  True  Briton,  17  Feb.  1797  (obituary).  See  Nos.  8346,  8518,  8642,  8979, 
9034,  9160,  &c.,  9164,  9165,  9176,  &c.,  9180-3,  9187,  9207. 
i5|X22i  in. 

8433  HALF  SEAS  OVER.  ALIAS  THE  HOPES  OF  THE  FAMILY 

IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  March  7  iyg4^  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  who  has 
just  fitted  up  his  Exhibition  room  in  an  Entire  Novel  and  Elegant 
Stile  admittance  i  shilling  folios  of  Caricatures  lent  out 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of  York  stands  astride  a  piece 
of  water,  his  1.  foot  planted  on  Germany,  his  r.  foot  on  England.  He  is 
dressed  half  as  a  bishop  (1.),  half  as  a  military  officer  (r.),  his  person  bisected 
by  a  vertical  line.  His  mitre  is  poised  over  his  r.  temple ;  the  r.  half  of  his 
person  (the  spectator's  1.)  wears  a  lawn  sleeve  and  black  gown,'  but  in  his 
r.  hand  is  an  uplifted  sword.  The  other  half  wears  regimentals  with  half 
a  cocked  hat,  but  in  his  1.  hand  is  a  crozier.  Labels  issue  from  his  mouth 
to  1.  and  r. :  A  sett  of  infamous  Blood-thirsty  Rascaly  Sans  Culottes,  given 
to  D — D  Drunkenness,  Gaming  &  all  kinds  of  Debauchery  (and)  /  zvill 
extirpate  thee  from  the  face  of  the  Earth!  Without  the  least  spark  of  Religion. 

B 1  them,  I, II  order  those  fellows  of  Officers  to  cut  them  to  pieces  instantly, 

they  shall  soon  know  who  they  have  t-t-to  deal  with. 

The  Duke  of  York,  commander-in-chief  in  Flanders,  was  Bishop  of 
Osnaburgh.  Many  unfounded  reports  of  his  supposed  debauched  conduct 
in  Flanders  were  circulated  in  England.    See  Nos.  8327,  8425,  &c.    For 
similar  prints  of  militant  bishops  cf.  Nos.  2635,  5343. 
iSfXioiin. 


8434  BILLY  IN  THE  DUMPS  OR  HOW  TO  MANAGE  AFFAIRS 
ON  THE  NEXT  MEETING  OF  PARLIAMENT. 

London  Pu¥  by  P.  Roberts  28  Middle-row,  Holborn.^  [?  March  1794] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (r.)  sits  at  a  table  in  profile  to  the  I., 
his  head  supported  on  his  hand,  his  hair  rising  from  his  head  (as  in  No. 

'  The  4  is  perhaps  etched  over  a  3. 

*  Prints  were  published  by  Roberts  c.  180 1-3,  but  the  imprint  may  have  been 
added  at  a  later  date. 

79 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8517).  At  his  elbow  are  three  large  bags  inscribed  Subscription  Money, 
under  his  1.  hand  are  papers:  The  Loss  of  Tolon  [sic],  and,  A  Plan  for 
Raising  a  sum  to  Enab[le]  His  Maj[esty]  to  Carry  on  the  War.  The  King 
and  Queen  have  entered  from  the  1.,  both  wearing  hats,  and  advance 
towards  him ;  the  King  says,  Dear  Dear  How.  How.  How.  How.  his  Spirits 
are  Sinking.  Both  have  expressions  of  alarmed  concern;  the  Queen's  1. 
hand  (a  large  ring  on  her  little  finger)  rests  on  the  table,  on  which  are  piles 
of  coins  and  an  ink-pot.  Behind  Pitt's  chair  (r.)  is  the  Devil  saying  Work 
the  Public  Billy.  On  the  extreme  r.,  and  looking  through  a  door,  a  man 
( ?  Dundas)  stands  gazing  at  Pitt,  his  finger  to  his  nose. 

Toulon  was  evacuated  by  the  Allies  on  19  Dec.  1793  (see  Nos.  9157, 
9231),  Parliament  met  on  21  Jan.  1794.  Dundas  had  issued  circulars 
recommending  that  bodies  of  volunteers  should  be  formed,  and  that  a 
public  subscription  should  be  raised  for  the  purpose.  Attacks  were  made 
in  both  Houses  on  'Voluntary  Aids  for  Public  Purposes  without  the  Con- 
sent of  Parliament',  and  Dundas's  circular  of  14  Mar.  1794  was  laid  before 
the  House  (24  and  28  Mar.).  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  83  ff. ;  Stanhope,  Life  of 
Pitt,  1879,  ii.  33-4.  A  similar  issue  was  raised  in  1778,  see  No.  5471.  For 
Pitt's  budget,  &c.,  see  No.  8425;  for  military  and  diplomatic  failures, 
No.  8496,  &c.  Cf.  No.  8631. 

A  French  copy  (aquatint)  of  this  print  (not  in  B.M.)  has  the  title  Guillot 
effraye  ou  Pitt  aux  Expediens.  The  inscriptions  are  emprunt  de  5  millions 
pour  des  subsides  secrets',  Plans  manques;  Succes  de  la  flotte  de  Rochefort; 
Sortie  de  la  flotte  Toulon.  The  Dq\iI  szys,  Travaille  le  public  Guillot.  The 
King  says,  vois,  vois,  vois  comme  il  perd  courage ;  the  Queen,  Ouais!  comme 
le  bon  homme  rumine.  de  Vinck,  No.  4390  (where  the  man  looking  through 
the  door  is  identified  as  Fox).  (8|x  13 1  in.) 
9Xi2|in. 

8435  A  REPUBLICAN  BEAU.   A  PICTURE  OF  PARIS  FOR  1794 

I  Cruikshank  Del 

London  Pub:  March  10  iyg4  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  who  has 

just  fitted  up  his  caracature  Exhibition  in  an  Entire  novel  stile 

admit  J*  folios  lent  out. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  8436.  A 
French  ruffian,  wearing  ragged  tricolour  of  a  fashionable  cut,  stands  full- 
face,  his  head  turned  in  profile  to  the  r.,  glaring  ferociously.  In  his  r.  hand 
is  a  bludgeon  from  whose  spiked  head  protrudes  a  dagger-blade ;  his  1.  hand 
is  on  his  hip,  negligently  holding  a  dagger  which  drips  blood.  Another 
dagger  fastens  his  coat  across  his  chest.  From  his  pocket  protrudes  a  dead 
infant,  labelled/or  a  stew  (cf.  No.  8122).  Two  pistols  are  stuck  in  his  belt, 
which  is  inscribed  Wa[r'\  War.  Eternal  War.  Behind  (1.)  is  an  altar  from 
which  a  crucifix  has  been  thrown  down;  it  is  inscribed  This  is  our  God, 
irradiated,  and  with  four  winged  heads.  On  it  is  a  guillotine.  In  the  back- 
ground (r.)  is  a  gibbet  from  which  three  bodies  hang.  Bones  lie  on  the 
ground. 

The  Reign  of  Terror  was  at  its  height  from  Sept.  1793  (Law  of  Suspects, 
17  Sept.)  to  July  1794.  For  the  'dechristianisation'  of  France,  cf.  No.  8350. 
Probably  suggested  by  No.  8430. 

de  Vinck,  No.  61 13. 
ioJX7f  in. 

80 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

8436  A  REPUBLICAN  BELLE.  A  PICTURE  OF  PARIS  FOR  1794. 
IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  March  10  iyg4.  by  S  W Fores  N.  3  Piccadilly,  who  has 
fitted  up  his  Caracature  Exhibition  in  an  Entire  novel  stile  admit  J* 
NB  folios  lent  out 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  companion  print  to 
No.  8435.  A  virago  in  ragged  garments  stands  full-face,  looking  to  the  1., 
her  jaw  thrust  forward,  with  open  mouth  showing  fang-like  teeth.  Her 
wrists  are  crossed  above  her  waist,  in  her  1.  hand  is  a  pistol  which  she  care- 
lessly fires  downwards,  point-blank  at  a  poor  man  who  lies  on  the  ground 
(1.);  in  her  r.  hand  is  a  dagger.  Her  loose  hair  blows  to  the  1.;  in  it  is 
twined  a  ribbon  inscribed  War  War  Eternal  War,  and  ornamented  with 
three  daggers  en  aigrette.  A  model  of  the  guillotine  hangs  from  her  neck ; 
another  tiny  guillotine  hangs  from  her  ear.  Over  a  short  ragged  petticoat 
she  wears  a  piece  of  fringed  drapery  decorated  with  skulls  and  cross-bones, 
perhaps  part  of  a  church  pall. 

In  the  background  (r.)  is  an  inn;  the  sign  is  the  bleeding  head  of  Louis 
XVI ;  from  it  hangs  a  naked  corpse.  Outside  it  men  are  playing  bowls  with 
skulls. 

Ornaments  were  produced  during  the  Terror  on  which  a  guillotine  was 
depicted.  See  J.  Grand- Carteret,  L'Histoire,  La  Vie,  les  Moeurs  .  .  .,  iv, 
1928,  fig.  361.  Women  in  Tours  hung  little  gold  guillotines  to  their  ears. 
E.  and  J.  de  Goncourt,  Hist,  de  la  Societi franfaise  pendant  la  Revolution, 
p.  466.  Probably  suggested  by  No.  8431. 

de  Vinck,  No.  61 14.    Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Frau  in  der  Karikatur, 
1906,  p.  463. 
io|X7|in. 

8437  FRONTISPIECE. 
ySf  [Sayers.] 

Publ'^  I'j  March  iyg4  by  H  Humphrey  N"  i8  Old  Bond  Street 

Engraving.  The  first  of  a  set  of  seven  prints :  Outlines  of  the  Opposition. . . . 
A  satyr  (1.),  seated  at  an  easel,  paints  a  head  of  Fox  wearing  a  cocked  hat 
in  which  is  a  French  cockade.  Behind  (r.)  another  satyr  takes  from  a  bust 
of  Fox  a  smiling  mask  inscribed  Patriotism,  revealing  his  forehead,  on 
which  is  the  word  Faction.  Beside  the  easel  lies  a  pile  of  four  massive 
volumes  of  Parliamentary  Speeches.  Against  this  pile  rests  a  large  port- 
folio inscribed  Outlines  \  of  the  \  Opposition  \  collected  \  from  the  Designs  \ 
of  the  most  capital  Jacobin  Artists. 

See  Nos.  8438-43.   Sets  were  issued  bound  in  coarse  paper.   A  similar 
set  was  published  in  1795,  see  No.  8636,  &c.   Cf.  also  No.  8449,  &c. 
ii|X9iin.  (pi.). 

8438  GLADIATOR  PUGNANS. 

[Sayers.] 

Pu¥  ly  March  i'jg4  by  H  Humphrey 

See  No.  8437.  Fox  stands  on  a  pedestal  turned  from  the  spectator  and 
lunging  forward  to  the  1.,  his  1.  arm  extended  to  strike  the  Royal  Arms. 
These,  inscribed  G.R,  are  in  the  upper  1.  corner  of  the  design;  the  lion  and 

81  G 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

unicorn  look  fiercely  at  Fox,  In  his  r.  hand,  which  is  held  out  behind  him, 
he  grasps  a  paper  as  if  speaking  in  the  House  of  Commons.  On  the 
top  of  the  pedestal  is  a  large  book  on  which  he  stands:  Good  Ground  of 
Opposi{tion\  Subscription  Book.  On  it  and  between  his  feet  is  a  cylindrical 
money-box,  padlocked. 

One  of  many  satires  in  which  Fox  attacks  the  Crown,  see  No.  6380,  &c. 
For  the  subscription  see  No.  8331,  &c. 
iiJX9Jin. 

8439  BRISSOT'S  VISIT  TO  HIS  FRIEND  LORD  LEVELLER. 

JSf  [Sayers.] 

Pu¥  17  March  1794  by  H  Humphrey 

See  No.  8437.  Lord  Lauderdale  (r.),  riding  a  rocking-horse  (a  spirited 
animal  on  massive  rockers),  turns  round  to  look  at  the  headless  Brissot, 
who  runs  forward  from  the  1.,  his  head  under  his  1.  arm,  his  r.  arm  stretched 
out  admonishingly.  Lauderdale  turns  his  head  in  profile  to  the  1.  on  a  long, 
snake-like  neck,  his  round  hat  flies  off.  The  horse  also  turns  its  head ;  the 
rockers  are  inscribed  Reform,  and  pass  over  a  document  with  a  pendent 
seal :  Nolumus  Leges  Angliae  mutari.  A  label  issues  from  Brissot's  neck : 

To  lead  the  Crowd  midst  Faction's  Storm 
I  rode  your  Hobby  horse  Reform 

And  found  my  Arts  prevail 
Till  other  Lev'llers  rul'd  the  Mob 
And  then  I  lost  my  Seat  and  Nob 

Take  Warning  L 

Lauderdale  is  plainly  dressed  in  a  long  double-breasted  coat,  Brissot 
wears  lace  ruffles. 

Brissot,  a  theoretical  republican  who  wished  to  save  the  King,  was  a 
leader  of  the  Brissotins  or  Girondins.  They  were  denounced  by  Robes- 
pierre as  moderates;  he  and  twenty-one  of  the  party  were  executed  on 
31  Oct.  1793.  Lauderdale,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  'Friends  of  the 
People'  (1792),  was  in  France  from  Aug.  to  Dec.  1792,  forming  an 
acquaintance  with  Brissot.  On  his  return  he  took  every  opportunity  of 
protesting  against  the  war,  and  is  said  to  have  appeared  in  the  Lords  on 
one  occasion  dressed  as  a  Jacobin.  D.N.B.  Cf.  a  Tory  tract:  Brissot's 
Ghost,  or  Intelligence  from  the  Other  World,  Edinburgh,  1794  (he  visits  a 
radical  meeting).  For  Lauderdale  as  Brissot,  see  No.  8453. 
lof  X9I  in. 

8440  A  PEEP  OVER  THE  GARDEN  WALL  IN  BERKELEY  SQUARE 

JSf  [Sayers.] 

PubP  17  March  1794  by  H  Humphrey 

See  No.  8437.  Beaupre's  equestrian  statue  of  George  III  (as  Marcus 
Aurelius)  has  advanced  towards  the  brick  wall  of  Berkeley  Square;  the 
King  (r.)  looks  through  a  spy-glass  into  the  garden  of  Lansdowne  House. 
Just  above  the  wall  appear  hats  with  republican  cockades  which  are  being 
waved ;  labels  ascend  enclosing  the  words  of  the  invisible  speakers :  Vive 
Barrere ;  (^a  ira  pa  ira ;  (^a  ira  fa  ira  ga  ira.  Behind  (1.)  is  the  pediment  of 
Lansdowne  House  and  on  the  r.  are  trees. 

82 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

A  seditious  assembly  is  supposed  to  be  meeting  in  the  garden  of 
Lansdowne  House.  Lansdowne's  motion  for  peace  with  France  on  17  Feb. 
1794  was  defeated  by  103  votes  to  thirteen.  Pari.  Hist.  xxx.  1391-1424. 
See  also  Nos.  8443,  8461.  Barere,  a  self-regarding  terrorist  (cf.  No.  8451), 
was  in  correspondence  with  Stanhope  (see  No.  8448,  &c.). 
11X9I  in. 


8441    CITIZEN     BARDOLPH     REFUSED     ADMITTANCE     AT 
PRINCE  HAL'S 

[Sayers.] 

Puhl^  ly  March  iyg4  by  H  Humphrey 

See  No.  9437.  Sheridan  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  with  fallen  jaw  and 
disconcerted  expression,  before  a  hoarding  across  the  front  of  Carlton 
House,  in  which  is  a  lion's-head  knocker  which  looks  fiercely  at  him.  Over 
the  hoarding  appear  the  huge  hands,  head,  and  shoulders  of  Big  Sam,  the 
(former)  porter  at  Carlton  House  (see  No.  7905),  wearing  a  round  hat  with 
a  curled  brim  and  the  motto  Ich  dien.  He  looks  down,  saying,  no  Admittance 
Sir  We  are  all  loyal.  On  the  hoarding  (r.)  are  two  play-bills:  Drury  Lane 
The  Second  Part  of  King  Henry  the  IV  ....  The  Manager  in  Distress  (by 
George  Colman,  1780,  here  an  allusion  to  Sheridan's  position);  Covent 
Garden  Venice  preser[ved]  or  a  Plot  discove[red]  (Otway,  1682). 

For  the  attitude  of  the  Prince  of  Wales  see  No.  83 11.    For  the  Prince 
as  Prince  Hal,  with  Sheridan  as  Bardolph,  cf.  No.  6974. 
11^X9!  in. 


8442  CITIZEN  DON'  QUIXOTTE  BECOMES  THE  CHAMPION 
OF  FRENCH  PRINCIPLES 


yS  [Bayers.] 

Publ'^  ly  March  iyg4  by  H  Humphrey 


See  No.  8437.  Stanhope,  striding  forward  in  profile  to  the  I.,  approaches 
an  altar  to  'French  Principles',  while  with  his  1.  foot  and  1.  hand  he  over- 
turns a  bishop  seated  behind  him  on  a  bench.  On  the  summit  of  a  quasi- 
cylindrical  altar  is  the  seated  figure  of  a  female  monster  with  webbed 
wings,  snaky  hair,  and  pendent  breasts,  a  firebrand  in  the  r.  hand,  a  dagger 
in  the  1.  Behind  her  stands  a  foppish  Frenchman  with  a  simian  head, 
dressed  as  a  soldier,  one  foot  resting  on  a  large  skull.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a 
headsman's  axe,  in  his  1.  he  holds  out  to  Stanhope  a  hangman's  noose. 
Stanhope  places  on  the  altar  a  paper  inscribed  in  large  letters :  Philosophy 
Atheism  Rapine  Murder.  The  altar  itself  is  decorated  with  a  headsman's 
axe  and  block,  the  word  Liberte  in  a  wreath,  and  shackles.  At  its  foot  lie 
a  cross  and  an  overturned  chalice. 

The  bishop's  head  is  turned  in  back  view;  he  topples  backwards  as 
Stanhope  kicks  his  bench;  he  represents  the  bench  of  bishops,  cf.  Nos. 
7539,  7639,  8448.  For  'dechristianisation'  in  France,  cf.  No.  8350;  for  the 
personification  of  French  principles.  No.  8426. 

Reproduced,  Stanhope  and  Gooch,  Life  of  Charles,  third  Earl  Stanhope, 
1914,  p.  153. 
ii|X9-|m. 

'  'Don'  is  scored  through  but  conspicuously  legible. 
83 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8443  JOHN  BULL'S  SACRIFICE  TO  JANUS  A  DESIGN  FOR  A 
PEACE-OFFERING  TO  THE  CONVENTION 

ySf  [Sayers.] 

PubF  ly  March  iyg4  by  H  Humphrey  Bond  Street 
See  No.  8437.  In  the  foreground  is  a  cylindrical  altar  inscribed  Sacred  to 
Peace.  Behind  and  above  it,  on  a  high  rectangular  pedestal,  sits  Lansdowne, 
double-headed,  as  Janus,  wearing  peer's  robes.  Both  heads  smile,  one  faces 
T.Q.  to  the  L,  the  other  is  in  profil perdu  to  the  r.  He  points  a  rolled  docu- 
ment at  a  guillotine  (1.)  whose  cord  is  held  by  a  skeleton  with  the  head  of 
Stanhope;  the  blade  is  about  to  be  released  on  the  neck  of  a  bull  (John 
Bull),  whose  head  is  confined  in  the  machine,  fixing  the  adjacent  altar  with 
an  agonized  stare.  Stanhope  turns  his  head  to  look  up  at  Lansdowne, 
saying,  fa  ira  fa  ira  fa  ira;  he  waves  a  cocked  hat  in  which  is  a  French 
cockade,  the  word  Stanhope  inscribed  in  the  crown. 

Beside  the  altar  (r.)  stands  the  Duke  of  Grafton,  wearing  top-boots, 
looped  hat,  and  his  accustomed  tight-waisted  and  full-skirted  coat  with 
a  star.  He  holds  out  a  fire-brand  to  documents  which  lie  on  the  altar: 
Magna  Charta,  Bill  of  Rights,  Act  of  Settlement,  with  three  volumes  of 
Statutes  at  Large  (cf.  No.  8287,  &c.).  The  altar  is  decorated  with  garlands 
of  olive  leaves,  with  a  central  emblem  of  dagger  and  fire-brand.  Behind 
Lansdowne  (r.)  stands  Priestley,  his  hands  folded,  looking  towards  the 
sacrifice  with  a  beatific  smile. 

A  satire  on  Lansdowne's  motion  for  peace  with  France,  17  Feb.  1794. 
He  was  supported  by  Grafton  (and  by  Guilford  and  Lauderdale) ;  Stanhope 
did  not  speak.  It  was  defeated  by  103  to  13.  Pari.  Hist.  xxx.  1391-1424. 
For  Stanhope's  uncompromising  opposition  to  the  Government  during  the 
session  and  the  consequent  congratulations  of  the  London  Corresponding 
Society,  see  Stanhope  and  Gooch,  Life  of  Charles,  third  Earl  Stanhope, 
pp.  126  ff.  Cf.  Nos.  8840,  8461. 

8444  THE  PRESENT  STATE  OF  FRANCE 

Published  April  12''*  iyg4.  by  John  Wallis,  N°  16,  Ludgate  Street,  London. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  outline  map  of  France  on  which 
emblems  and  words  are  engraved;  these  are  explained  on  a  printed  slip. 
Five  fires  burn  on  the  frontiers:  'Fire  in  every  Quarter.'  Two  serpents 
enclose  the  word  France:  'France  divided  by  Serpents.'  A  bare  foot 
tramples  on  the  word  Honor,  The  word  Glory  is  scored  through ;  the  word 
Religion  is  'cut  to  pieces'.  Two  bubbles  represent  'Law  and  Justice'.  The 
word  Danger  surrounds  a  circle  enclosing  the  word  Life:  'Life  in  Danger.' 
Property  is  similarly  enclosed  in  Secured:  'Property  in-secured.' 

The  revolts  against  the  Republic  in  La  Vendee,  Lyons,  Marseilles,  and 
Bordeaux  had  been  quelled;  Toulon  was  evacuated  by  the  British  and 
Spaniards  on  18  Dec.  1793. 

A  similar  French  satire,  La  France  comme  elle  va,  is  de  Vinck,  No.  4366. 
Cf.  No.  9174. 
2lJX4f  in. 

8445  PATRIOTISM. 

London  Published  by  W*"  Holland  ATo  50  Oxford  Street  April  21'^  1794 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  asses  with  human  heads  stand  back 
to  back,  each  in  a  low  rectangular  box  inscribed  My  ass,  in  a  Band  box.  One 

84 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

(1.)  has  the  head  of  Sheridan,  in  profile  to  the  1.  He  is  painfully  thin  and 
is  the  smaller  animal  in  a  smaller  box.  Fox  (r.)  is  in  rather  better  case, 
his  head  is  turned  slightly  towards  the  spectator. 

The  inscription  on  the  boxes  is  a  coarse  answer  to  the  offer  of  something 
inadequate  to  the  purpose,  like  a  band-box  for  a  seat.  Grose,  Diet.  Vulgar 
Tongue,  1796;  cf.  No.  7793.    Sheridan's  position  (financial  and  political) 
is  represented  as  more  hopeless  than  that  of  Fox  (cf.  No.  8331,  &c.). 
9fXi3f  in. 

8446  THE  DEMOCRACY  OF  FRANCE.^ 
[?  I.  Cruikshank.] 

Publishd  as  the  Act  directs.  April  24""  1794  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3 
Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  small  sansculotte  juggler,  running  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  balances  on  his  chin  the  hilt  of  a  dagger,  on  whose  point 
rests  the  pointed  base  of  a  large  cup,  across  the  top  of  which  straddles  a 
nude  monster,  with  the  ears  and  beard  of  a  satyr.  His  fingers  and  toes 
are  talons;  in  his  r.  hand  he  holds  out  by  the  hair  the  decollated  head 
of  Louis  XVI,  in  his  1.  hand  that  of  Marie  Antoinette.  On  his  head  are 
five  daggers,  their  points  meeting  to  form  a  Cap  of  Liberty.  Two  labels 
issue  from  his  ferociously  grinning  mouth:  Ca  ira,  Ca  ira,  Ca  ira,  and. 
Hold  me  well  up  or  I  will  Bite  ojf  Your  Head.  The  little  man  below,  whose 
arms  are  folded,  says.  By  Gar  tis  Var  Heavy,  O  dear!  O  dear!  it  will  Fall! 
The  cup  is  decorated  with  bands  of  red,  white,  and  blue. 

A  satire  on  the  Terror;  for  the  executions  see  Nos.  8297,  8343,  &c.   Cf. 
No.  8426.  For  the  connotation  of  Democracy  cf.  No.  8310. 

de  Vinck,  No.  5509. 
14^X9  in. 

8447  MANNING  THE  NAVY. 

Engraved  for  the  Carlton  House  Magazine.  [i  May  1794] 

Engraving.  Carlton  House  Magazine,  iii.  100.  A  reissue  of  the  r.  part  of 
No.  7753,  representing  a  press-gang  on  Tower  Hill.  An  accompanying 
dialogue  indicates  that  a  sailor  goes  willingly  as  long  as  he  may  be  a  volun- 
teer; the  short  grotesque  man  (an  ex-sailor  in  No.  7753)  repeats  that  he 
is  a  deformed  creature,  not  capable  of  serving  his  country. 

The  information  for  France  drawn  up  in  1794  by  Jackson  (see  No.  8713) 
on  the  temper  of  England,  Scotland,  and  France  contains  the  statement 
that  'There  is  much  quietness  on  the  part  of  seamen  in  being  impressed'. 
State  Trials,  xxv.  844.   See  No.  8501. 
6|X4i  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

8448  THE  NOBLE  SANS-CULOTTE. 
[GiUray.] 

Pu¥  May  3^  1794.  by  H.  Humphrey,  N'^  Old  Bond  Street. 

Aquatint.  Heading  to  printed  verses:  *A  Ballad,  Occasioned  by  a  Certain 
Earl's  styling  himself  a  Sans  Culotte  Citizen  in  the  House  of  Lords.' 
Stanhope,  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge  inscribed  Liberty,  tramples  on  a  scroll 

^  'of  is  etched  over  two  notes  of  exclamation ;  the  original  title  appears  to  have 
been  Democracy!! 

85 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

inscribed  A  Deo  et  Rege,  beside  which  lies  his  (overturned)  earl's  coronet. 
He  capers  bare-legged,  his  breeches  flutter  to  the  ground  from  his  1.  hand. 
In  his  r.  is  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Vive  I  Egalite;  the  flagstaff  is  sur- 
mounted by  an  ass's  head,  which  looks  down  at  Stanhope,  who  looks 
ecstatically  up  at  it,  his  head  turned  in  profile  to  the  1.  Above  the  design: 
"—off,  off,  ye  landings." 

Stanhope,  his  coronet,  breeches,  and  flag,  are  in  full  light,  the  rest  of 
the  design  is  in  shadow,  clouds  forming  a  background.  On  the  1.  three 
members  of  the  House  of  Lords  flee,  their  backs  towards  him :  the  Lord 
Chancellor  (Loughborough),  in  hat,  wig,  and  robes,  as  the  Speaker  of  the 
Lords,  carrying  a  document :  Vote  of  the  House  of  Lords  One  Dissentient 
Stan[hope].  Next  him  is  a  judge  carrying  Magna  Charta;  the  third  is  a 
bishop  with  a  Bible  under  his  arm.  On  the  r.  four  ladies,  one  elderly,  the 
others  young  (presumably  his  wife  and  daughters),  hasten  in  alarm  away 
from  Stanhope.  The  first  and  third  of  fifteen  verses : 

Rank  character,  distinction,  fame, 
And  noble  birth  forgot. 

Hear  St****pe,  modest  Earl,  proclaim 
Himself  a  Sans  Culotte ! 

But,  thrown  away  on  lordly  ears. 
His  counsel  none  attend; 

No  pattern  take  his  brother  Peers 
By  St****pe's  Latter  End. 
A  satire  on  Stanhope's  speech  and  resolution  of  4  Apr.  1794,  when  he 
condemned  intervention  in  the  affairs  of  France  and  read  (to  the  bench  of 
bishops)  a  passage  from  i  Samuel,  ch.  viii,  to  prove  that  kings  were  a  curse 
to  mankind.    The  Lord  Chancellor  refused  to  read  the  preamble  to  the 
resolution  from  the  Woolsack,  it  was  negatived  unanimously,  and  on 
Grenville's  motion  was  expunged  from  the  Lords'  Journals.   Pari.  Hist. 
xxxi.  141-7,  198-205;  Ann.  Reg.  1794,  pp.  211-12;  Stanhope  and  Gooch, 
Life  of  Charles,  third  Earl  Stanhope,  pp.  130-1.    Print  described,  ibid., 
p.  153.  The  (anonymous)  verses  are  by  G.  Huddesford,  and  are  reprinted 
in  Crambe  Repetita,  1799,  pp.  73-5.   See  Nos.  8468,  8640.   For  Stanhope 
and  the  bishops,  cf.  Nos.  8426,  8442,  &c.  Cf.  also  No.  8365,  &c. 
7  X  9jg  in.    Broadside,  i8|  X  1 1 1  in. 

8449  FRONTISPIECE. 
ySf  [Sayers.] 

Published  12^^  ^  May  iyg4  by  H  Humphrey  N°  18  Old  Bond  Street 
Engraving.  Frontispiece  to  a  set  of  eight  satirical  portraits  (Nos.  8450-7), 
in  which  members  of  the  Opposition  are  travestied  as  French  republicans. 
With  the  set  is  a  bonnet-rouge,  printed  in  red  on  paper  cut  along  the  lower 
edge  of  the  cap  so  that  it  can  be  fitted  to  the  forehead,  transforming  the 
subject  into  the  Frenchman  of  the  title.  A  satyr  sits  on  a  pile  of  large 
volumes,  directed  to  the  1.,  his  head  turned  with  a  smile  towards  the 
spectator.  In  his  r.  hand  he  holds  out  a  large  bonnet-rouge  with  a  French 
cockade,  saying.  If  the  Cap  fit  put  it  on.  In  his  1.  is  a  large  scroll  inscribed: 
Illustrious  Heads  \  designed  for  a  new  History  \  of  \  Republicanism  \  in  French 
&  English  I  dedicated  to  \  The  Opposition  \ 

"...  mutato  nomine  de  te"  \  Fabula  Narratur" 

NB  The  work  will  not  be  compleat  \  till  all  the  heads  are  taken  off.   On  his 

'  The  2  appears  to  have  been  added,  the  original  date  being  *i*''. 

86 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1794 

breast  is  an  irradiated  head,  probably  of  Truth.  The  six  books  forming 
his  seat  are :  Conventional  Decrees ;  Addresses  from  Societies  for  Reform 
in  England \  Speeches  of  the  Minority;  Presbyterian  Sermons;  Pamphlets; 
Pamphlets.  Three  other  volumes  form  a  back  to  the  seat. 

These  titles  stress :  the  aggressive  foreign  policy  of  France,  and/or  the 
laws  establishing  the  Terror,  see  Nos.  8150,  8345,  8479;  the  addresses  of 
the  London  Corresponding  Society  and  other  radical  clubs  to  the  Conven- 
tion in  1792 ;  the  speeches  of  the  Opposition  advocating  peace  with  France, 
see  No.  8443 ;  the  attitude  of  the  dissenters,  cf.  No.  7690.  For  pamphlets 
cf.  Nos.  9240,  9243,  9345. 

A  set  of  these  prints  is  stitched  together,  with  a  (contemporary)  cover 
of  rough  paper.   Another  set  is  without  serial  numbers. 
ii|x8|in.  (pL). 

8450  ROBESPIERRE  JV  i 

JSf 

Pu¥  12*^  May  1794  by  H  Humphrey 

Engraving.  See  No.  8449.  The  head  of  Fox,  looking  to  the  1.  and  frowning. 
Fox,  often  traduced  as  a  would-be  dictator,  cf.  No.  6380,  &c.,  is  compared 
with  Robespierre. 
8i|X7in.  (pi.). 

8451  BARRERE  2 
[Sayers.] 

Publ'^  12^^  May  1794  by  H  Humphrey 

Engraving.  See  No.  8449.  The  head  of  Sheridan  in  a  similar  position  to 
that  of  Fox  in  No.  8450,  scowling  and  deeply  furrowed.  Sheridan  is  com- 
pared with  the  shifty,  self-seeking  Barere  (cf.  No.  8440). 

Another  impression,  defaced  by  scrawled  lines  so  fine  that  they  are  incon- 
spicuous. 
8/gX7in.  (pi.). 

8452  ANACHARSIS  CLOOTS  3 

JSf 

Pu¥  i^  May  1794  by  H  Humphrey 

Engraving.  See  No.  8449.  The  head  and  shoulders  of  Stanhope,  looking 
to  the  1.,  r.  arm  raised  in  the  attitude  of  an  orator.  He  wears  a  large  cocked 
hat.  Beneath  the  title:  VOrateur  du  Genre  humain.  Citoyen  actif  &  Sans 
Culotte.  The  bonnet-rouge  does  not  fit  this  head. 

The  Prussian,  Clootz,  denounced  for  his  ideas  on  a  universal  republic 
for  all  humanity,  was  guillotined  with  the  Hebertists  on  24  Mar.  1794. 
For  Stanhope  cf .  No.  8448 ;  for  his  awkward  gesticulations,  No.  6960. 
8/gX7in.  (pi.). 

8453  BRISSOT  4 

JSf 

Publ^  12^^  May  1794  by  H  Humphrey 

Engraving.  See  No.  8449.  A  bust  portrait  of  Lauderdale,  the  head  turned 
in  profile  to  the  r.,  with  a  fixed,  smiling  stare,  both  arms  raised  as  if  in 

87 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

violent  gesticulation.  Beneath  the  title :  Citoyen  actif  &  Sans  culotte.  For 
Lauderdale  and  Brissot  see  No.  8439. 
8|X7in.  (pi.). 

8453  A  Another  version,  the  head  directed  T.Q.  to  the  r.  The  same  title, 
no  signature  or  imprint. 

Sixyin.  (pi.). 

8454  CAMILLE  DES  MOULINS  [12  May  1794]     5 

ysf 

Engraving.  See  No.  8449.  The  head  and  shoulders  of  Courtenay,  leaning 
forward  to  the  r.  He  wears  a  cocked  hat  with  a  cockade.  After  the  title : 
anglice  Joe  Miller  Orateur  vif  &  sans  Culotte. 

Sayers  pilloried  Courtenay's  verses  on  Dr.  Johnson  as  deriving  from 
Joe  Miller  in  No.  7052  (1786).   For  the  contempt  with  which  his  speeches 
were  regarded  in  1794  see  D.  Marshall,  Rise  of  Canning,  1938,  pp.  64-5. 
Desmoulins  was  guillotined  with  the  Dantonists  on  5  Apr.  1794. 
8/5X7  in.  (pi.). 

8455  FRANCOIS  PHILIPPEAUX  6 

ysf 

Publ^  12^^  May  1794  by  H.  Humphrey 

Engraving.  See  No.  8449.  The  head  and  shoulders  of  Philip  Francis,  his 
head  turned  in  profile  to  the  1.,  with  the  baleful  stare  characteristic  of 
Sayers's  portraits  of  Francis  as  the  enemy  of  Hastings,  cf.  No.  7292. 
Beneath  the  title :  Citoyen  actif  &  sans  Culotte. 

Philippeaux  (Pierre),  a  Dantonist,  was  guillotined  on  5  Apr.  1794. 

Reproduced,  K.  L.  Murray,  Beloved  Marion,  1938,  p.  78. 
8|x6/ein.  (pL). 

8456  CHAUVELIN.  7 

JSf 

Pu¥  12^^  May  1794  by  H  Humphrey 

Engraving.  See  No.  8449.  A  head  of  Lansdowne,  looking  to  the  r.  with 
an  inscrutable  expression. 

Lansdowne  is  compared  with  Chauvelin,  Jacobin,  diplomat,  and  ci- 
devant  marquis  (see  No.  8088),  who  was  shortly  to  be  imprisoned  in  Paris ; 
he  was  saved  by  the  fall  of  Robespierre. 
8^X7  in.  (pi.). 

8457  EGALITfi  8 

ysf. 

Pubh  12^^  May  1794  by  H.  Humphrey 

Engraving.  See  No.  8449.  A  head  of  Grafton  in  profile  to  the  r.  After  the 
title :  ci  devant  noble. 

Grafton,  a  descendant  of  Charles  H,  is  compared  with  Orleans,  a 
descendant  of  Louis  XHL  He  owes  his  position  in  the  series  to  his  speech 
on  Lansdowne's  motion  for  peace  with  France  (see  No.  8440)  rather  than 

88 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1794 

to  consistent  support  of  the  Opposition.    He  also  voted  for  the  Duke  of 
Bedford's  motion  on  30  May  for  putting  an  end  to  the  war  with  France. 
Cf.  No.  8479. 
8/gX7in.  (pL). 

8458  JOHN  BULL  HUMBUGG'D  ALIAS  BOTH-EAR'D. 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  May  12  1794  hy  SW  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  H.L.  figures:  George  III  (John 
Bull)  between  Fox.  (1.)  and  Pitt  (r.),  both  addressing  him  through  the  horns 
used  by  news-boys  for  crying  their  wares.  The  King,  goggling  with  dismay, 
stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  facing  Pitt,  who  grasps  in  his  r.  hand  a  paper 
inscribed  True  Britton,  saying.  Great  News  arrivd  front  France,  Paris  taken 
and  more  Cannon,  Cartridge,  Balls,  Bombs  &  Assignats,  than  they  can  find 
room  for,  also  100,000  Skelletons  of  Sam  Culotts,  Carmignoles  &c  &c  ready 
Dried  for  the  Surgeons!! — NB  will  prevent  the  Robbing  of  Church  Yards,  & 
to  be  Sold  remarkably  cheap — too — too — too — Rare  News  for  Old  England!!! 
Fox,  in  ragged  coat  and  bonnet-rouge,  holds  under  his  arm  a  sheaf  of  the 
Chronicle.  He  tootles  into  the  King's  ear  the  words :  Horrid  Bloody  News 
just  arrived  from  France  the  Combined  Armies  after  a  Severe  Engagement 
were  all  Cut  into  Cabbage  for  the  National  Convention!  ! !  too — too — too.  The 
King,  who  wears  the  Windsor  uniform  with  a  broad-brimmed  hat  and  holds 
a  riding -whip,  exclaims:  What — what — what  Cabbage  and  Carmignoles 
Frederick  killd  he  Frederick.  Fox  has  the  expression  of  a  conspiratorial 
scaremonger,  Pitt  is  blandly  reassuring. 

Cf.  No.  8425.  The  Duke  of  York  defeated  the  French  in  the  cavalry 
action  of  Willems  on  10  May,  but  was  left  in  great  numerical  inferiority 
to  the  French,  pending  the  battle  of  Turcoing  18  May,  when  the  English 
and  Austrian  armies  were  defeated  in  detail  before  they  could  form  a 
junction.   Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army,  iv.  248  ff. 

The  True  Briton  was  a  Ministerial  (cf.  No.  8981),  the  Morning  Chronicle 
an  Opposition  paper,  cf.  No.  9240.  The  title  probably  derives  from  John 
Bull  bothered.  No.  8 141.  Grose,  Diet.  Vulgar  Tongue,  gives  'Bothered  or 
Both-eared,  Talked  to  at  both  ears  by  different  persons  at  the  same  time, 
confounded,  confused.  Irish  phrase".  Bother  had  also  the  meaning  of 
blarney  or  humbug,  both  verb  and  noun;  the  earliest  instance  in  the 
O.E.D.  is  1803,  but  cf.  No.  8385.  For  Fox  as  news-boy,  cf.  No.  8981. 
SHXisJin. 

8459  ESSEX-CALVE-LRY  FOR  INTERNAL  DEFENCE. 

Published  as  the  Act  Directs  May  12.  iyg4. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Volunteers,  wearing  cavalry  uniform 
and  mounted  on  calves,  gallop  away  (r.  to  1.)  from  dismounted  French 
soldiers  wearing  jack-boots.  The  centre  figure  escapes  by  cutting  off  the 
tail  of  his  calf  with  his  sabre,  causing  a  Frenchman  to  fall  to  the  ground 
grasping  the  bleeding  tail.  Two  Frenchmen  hold  the  tail  of  a  calf  which 
his  rider  vainly  urges  forward  with  uplifted  sabre.  A  stout  volunteer  (1.) 
kneels  in  supplication  behind  the  vanishing  hind-quarters  of  his  mount. 
A  French  soldier  holds  aloft  a  calf's  head  on  a  pike;  behind  (r.)  is  the 
decapitated  body.   In  the  foreground  (r.)  a  Frenchman  takes  aim.   In  the 

89 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

background  (1.)  volunteers  gallop  off  in  close  formation.  The  Frenchmen 
are  lean  and  simian ;  some  wear  cocked  hats,  others  bonnets-rouges. 

A  satire  on  the  volunteer  forces  which  were  being  raised  by  subscription 
in  various  counties.  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  pp.  188-9.  The  greatest 
confusion  exists  as  to  the  Yeomanry,  Volunteers,  local  defence  Associa- 
tions, formed  chiefly  in  1794,  1797,  and  1798.  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the 
British  Army,  iv.  891-5.  In  1794  volunteer  corps  were  raised  either  as 
companies  dependent  on  the  militia  or  as  independent  units,  volunteer 
service  being  allowed  as  part  of  the  county  militia  quota  (34  Geo.  3,  c.  16). 
'Associations'  were  formed  (mainly  as  local  police  forces)  in  1797  and  1798. 
'Essex  Calves'  was  an  old  gibe  at  the  inhabitants  of  Essex,  cf.  a  Civil  War 
satire,  Kentish  Long  Tayles  and  Essex  Calves  .  .  .,  1648  (E.  447/22);  cf. 
No.  8467.  See  also  Nos.  8476,  8492,  8503,  8597. 
9|xi3f  in. 

8460  LE  CABRIOLET. 
[Bunbury.] 

Published  12^^  May  1794  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53,  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

A  reissue  of  No.  4633  (1770).  The  inscription  has  become  satirical: 

Bar  bares  Anglois!  qui  du  meme  Couteau 
Coupoient  la  tete  au  Roi  et  les  queues  aux  cheveaux, 
Mais  les  Francois  polis  laissent  aux  Rois  leurs  tetes 
Et  Encore  comme  vous  voyez  les  Queues  a  leurs  betes. 
2fX4|in. 

8461  A     GAZETTE     EXTRAORDINARY     FROM     BERKELEY 
SQUARE. 

JSf  [Sayers.] 

Pubb^  31"*  May  iyg4  by  H  Humphrey  N"  18  Old  Bond  Street 

Aquatint.  Lansdowne,  dressed  as  a  news-boy,  steps  through  a  door  in  the 
garden  wall  of  Lansdowne  House.  Across  his  cap  (a  bonnet-rouge)  is  a 
paper:  Gazette  Extraordin^.  He  holds  out  a  sheet  headed  with  his  arms 
and  the  title  Gazette  \  Extraordinary  |  ;  Published  without  Authority  \ 
Monday  May  26^'*  1794  |  Berkeley  Square.  Beneath,  in  two  columns: 
Intelligence  from  America  Lie  the  J*'  Intelligence  from  France  Lie  the  2^ 
Intelligence  from  Holland  Lie  y  3^  Intelligence  from  Italy  Lie  y*  4*''  Intelli- 
gence from  Algiers  Lie  the  5'*  [signed]  /  am  &c.  Malagrida.  In  his  1.  hand 
is  a  news-boy's  horn  and  under  his  1.  arm  a  sheaf  of  his  Gazette  Extra- 
ordinary. Scrolls  issue  from  his  mouth:  bloody  News  Great  News  and 
similar  scrolls  float  above  the  gate  from  the  garden  of  Lansdowne  House 
(where  conspirators  are  supposed  to  be  shouting):  fa  ira  Ca  ira  (cf.  No. 
8443).   Below  the  title: 

....  Credat  Judceus  Apella" 
"Non  Ego". 

Lansdowne  is  represented  as  denying  all  reports  of  British  successes 
(news  of  the  capture  of  Martinique  reached  London  on  21  Apr.,  of 
St.  Lucia  on  16  May).  On  23  May  news  of  the  Duke  of  York's  defeat  at 
Turcoing-Roubaix  (see  No.  8458)  reached  London,  on  25  May  a  supple- 
mentary dispatch  from  the  Duke  of  York  announcing  the  repulse  of  a 

90 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

French  attack  was  published  in  a  Gazette  Extraordinary.    On  30  May 
Lansdowne,  speaking  on  Bedford's  motion  for  putting  an  end  to  the  war, 
maintained  that  the  allied  armies  were  unable  to  subjugate  France.  Pari. 
Hist.  xxxi.  684.   See  No.  8440,  &c.  For  'Malagrida'  see  No.  4917. 
14X  io\  in. 

8462  [ARMfiE  ROYAL-CRUCHE.]  [c.  May  1794] 

[David.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  French  print  without  title  but  having 
numbers  referring  to  an  Explication  engraved  beneath  the  design.  English 
soldiers  (2),  whose  bodies  are  formed  of  earthenware  pitchers,  march  with 
precision  in  two  ranks  on  very  thin  legs.  They  wear  high  caps  like  elongated 
beehives,  and  have  two  standards:  a  (?)  pig's  head  wearing  a  French 
crown,  a  small  castle  surmounted  by  a  fool's  head  in  cap  and  bells.  Both 
are  on  long  poles.  Their  leader  is  George  III  ( j),  who  marches  in  front, 
having  a  similar  body  but  with  very  thick  legs  in  jack-boots.  He  wears  a 
night-cap,  has  ass's  ears,  and  is  led  by  a  turkey-cock  (Pitt,  3)  in  whose 
mouth  are  strings  attached  to  the  King's  nose.  An  advanced  guard  (7)  on 
the  1.,  wearing  helmets,  lies  shattered,  the  pitchers  are  broken,  and  from 
them  emerge  snakes,  toads,  and  rats.  One  man  who  stands  without  his 
pitcher  has  a  body  composed  of  a  long  neck  or  tube  attached  to  two  thin 
legs.  The  cause  of  the  damage  is  the  excrement  which  strikes  them  from 
the  posteriors  of  four  French  sansculottes  (6)  who  squat  on  the  top  of  a 
massive  but  ruined  (Roman)  archway.  A  row  of  five  large  clyster-pipes 
mounted  on  gun-carriages  (9)  is  in  the  middle  distance ;  on  one  of  these 
sit  three  jockeys.  Behind  the  troops  (r.)  a  goose  {8)  wearing  a  hat  (Fox) 
bestrides  a  man,  who  walks  with  his  hands  touching  the  ground,  a  trumpet 
issuing  from  his  posteriors.  The  background  is  a  landscape  with  bare  hills. 

Explication.  A*""  i.  George  Roi  d'Angleterre  commande  en  personne 
V elite  de  son  Armee  Royal-Cruche  N°  2.  II  est  conduit  par  son  Ministre  Pitt 
ou  Milor  Dindon  N°  3  qui  le  tient  par  le  Nez  pour  mieux  lui  prouver  son 
attachement.  L'avant-Garde  de  la  Royal  Armee  N°  4.  recoit  un  echec  a  la 
porte  de  la  Ville  N°  5,  qui  est  occasione  par  la  colique  de  quelques  Sans- 
Culottes  places  au  haut  de  la  Porte  N°  6.  U avant-Garde  dans  sa  defaite 
brise  les  cruches,  dont  il  ne  sort  que  toutes  sortes  de  Betes  venimeuses  N°  7, 
qui  est  l' esprit  qui  les  animes  [sic].  Fox  ou  Milord  Oie  N°  Sfernie  la  marche 
monte  sur  sa  Trompette  Angloise  et  qui  temoin  de  Vechec  sonne  un  rappel 
en  arriere  par  prudence.  Artillerie  Angloise  nouvelle  N°  9  qui  a  la  vertu 
d'eteindre  les  incendies  et  de  delaier  les  fortifications. 

As  is  usual  in  French  satires,  George  III  is  represented  as  an  imbecile 
dominated  by  Pitt.  Fox  induces  the  populace  to  sound  the  trumpet  for 
a  retreat,  apparently  an  allusion  to  his  resolutions  and  speeches  against  the 
war  with  France.  Pari.  Hist.  xxx.  423  ff.  (18  Feb.  1793),  994  ff.  (17  June 
1793),  1477  ff.  (6  Mar.  1794);  xxxi.  615  ff.  (30  May  1794).  Cf.  No.  8437. 

David  presented  this  and  No.  8463  to  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety, 
who  ordered  5,000  impressions  of  each  to  be  printed,  of  which  1,000  were 
for  the  Committee  (500  coloured,  500  uncoloured),  and  a  payment  of  3,000 
livres  to  the  artist.  29  Floreal  an  II  (18  May  1794).  He  had  been  com- 
missioned by  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety,  12  Sept.  1793,  to  provide 
prints  and  caricatures  which  should  rouse  public  spirit  and  show  the 
atrocity  and  absurdity  of  the  enemies  of  Liberty  and  the  Republic.  Blum, 
P-95- 

91 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

de  Vinck,  No.  4391.    Jaime,  ii,  PI.  54  G,  a  copy  in  reverse.    Blum, 
No.  604.   Cf.  J.  Lortel,  'David  caricaturiste',  in  UArt  et  les  artistes,  mars 
1914  (not  in  B.M.L.). 
11^X19!  in. 

8463  NO  I.  GOUVERNEMENT  ANGLOIS 

NO  2.  L'ANGLOIS  Nfi  LIBRE.  [May  1794] 

[David.] 

Se  trouve  A  Paris  chez  Bance,  Rue  S  Severin  N°  115. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  monster  v^^ith  a  flayed  body  and  the 
head  of  a  demon  is  A^"  i  (the  English  Government).  He  strides  forward 
in  profile  to  the  1.,  turning  his  ferocious  face  to  the  spectator.  He  has 
serpents  for  hair,  wears  a  (French)  crown,  has  small  webbed  wings,  and 
talons  on  hands  and  feet.  He  grasps  with  both  hands  a  pole  planted  in 
the  ground,  and  formed  of  a  trident,  a  sceptre,  a  cross,  a  dove.  Round 
his  shoulders  hangs  a  ribbon  with  the  order  of  the  Saint-Esprit.  His 
posteriors  are  formed  of  the  head  of  Georges  Roi  d'Angleterre  in  profile  to 
the  r. ;  from  the  mouth  issue  smoke  and  thunderbolts  inscribed :  Itnpdts 
sur  le  Jour,  Itnpdts  sur  la  Terre,  Itnpdts  sur  la  Nouriture,  Itnpdts  sur  les 
Vetemens,  Itnpdts  sur  VAir,  Itnpdts  sur  I'Eau.  These  are  directed  against 
a  group  of  plainly  dressed  young  men,  some  of  whom  have  been  thrown 
to  the  ground  while  others  flee  to  the  r.  They  are  A^"  2,  the  free-born 
Englishman.  On  the  extreme  1.,  behind  the  monster,  is  a  pile  of  bales 
and  barrels  inscribed  Itnpdts.  Beneath  the  design : 

Explication 

Ce  Gouvertietnent  est  represente  sous  la  figure  d'un  Diable  ecorche  tout  vif, 
accaparant  le  Commerce  et  revetu  de  toutes  les  decorations  Royal,  le  Portrait 
du  Roi  se  trouve  au  derriere  du  Gouvernement  lequel  vomit  sur  son  Peuple  une 
multitude  d'Impdts  avec  lesquelles  il  lefoudroye.  Cette  prerogative  est  attache 
au  Sceptre  et  a  la  Couronne. 

One  of  two  prints  presented  by  David  to  the  Committee  of  Public 
Safety  on  18  May  1794,  see  No.  8462. 

Blum,  No.  605. 
9|xis|in. 

8464  LA    GRANDE   AIGUISERIE   ROYALE    DE    POIGNARDS 
ANGLAIS.  [May  1794] 

[Dubois.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  French  print.  Pitt  (r.)  leans  forward 
to  sharpen  a  dagger  on  a  grindstone  which  is  turned  by  a  large  wheel  (1.). 
Within  the  wheel  George  III  is  walking  as  if  in  a  treadmill,  his  hands  rest- 
ing on  the  ascending  curve,  his  tongue  protruding.  He  is  much  carica- 
tured, wears  a  (French)  crown  with  plain  clothes  and  ungartered  stockings. 
He  is  Georges  Dandin,  the  foolish  and  elderly  husband,  tricked  by  a  young 
wife,  of  MoHere's  play.  Beside  Pitt  and  between  the  wheel  and  the  grind- 
stone are  daggers  and  bags  of  gold  in  groups  (1.  to  r.):  a  dagger  with  four 
bags,  one  inscribed  Cordai;  a  dagger  with  three  bags,  one  inscribed  Assasin 
Paris ;  a  similar  group,  the  bag  inscribed  V Admiral;  two  daggers ;  a  dagger 
longer  and  more  ornate  than  the  others,  inscribed  Aittide  Cecile  Regnault, 
lies  across  a  sceptre  close  to  a  crown.    Beneath  the  design :  Le  fameux 

9a 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1794 

Ministre  Pitt  aiguisant  les  Poignards  avec  lesquels  il  veut  faire  assassiner 
les  defenseiirs  de  la  liberte  des  Peuples,  le  gros  Georges  Dandin  tournant  la 
roue  et  haletant  de  fatigue. 

The  gold  of  Pitt  (cf.  No.  8363)  is  alleged  to  have  paid  for  assassinations 
and  attempted  assassinations  in  France.  For  Charlotte  Corday  see  No, 
8336,  &c.  Cecile  Renaud  visited  Robespierre  on  22  May  1794,  intending 
to  kill  him;  she  was  found  in  possession  of  a  small  pen-knife,  and  was 
guillotined  on  17  June.  On  23  May  one  Admiral  fired  two  pistol  shots 
point-blank  at  Collot  d'Herbois  without  wounding  him.  For  the  theme  of 
the  domineering  Minister  and  foolish  King  (Georges  Dandin),  cf.  Nos. 
8363.  8517,  8674,  9164. 

The  Committee  of  Public  Safety  ordered,  11  Prairial  an  II  (30  May 
1794),  a  payment  of  1,500  livres  for  i,ooo  impressions.  Blum,  p.  192. 
Cf.  Aulard,  Etudes  et  kfons  sur  la  Rev.fr.,  i^^  serie,  1893,  p.  264. 

de  Vinck,  No.  4386 ;  Blum,  No.  594. 

A  copy  (coloured),  reversed,  without  inscriptions,  in  Jaime,  ii :  Georges 
Tournant  la  Meule  de  pitt. 

8465  THE  REFORMING  PEER.  [i  June  1794] 

Engraved  for  the  Carlton  House  Magazine. 

Engraving.    Carlton  House  Magazine,  iii.   173.    A  reissue  of  No.  7895 
(1791).   The  text  suspends  judgement  on  Stanhope's  attitude  to  France. 
Cf.  No.  8442. 
5iX3i«8in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

8466  MAY-EVENING    SPORTS;   OR,    ROWAN   LOST    IN   THE 
SMOKE.  [i  June  1794] 

Engraving.  PI.  to  the  Hibernian  Magazine,  1794,  i.  444.  A  prison  (1.)  is 
indicated  by  a  large  building,  having  an  open  Jailor's  Room,  with  the 
occupant  in  bed  asleep,  500  Sleeping  Draft  At  Sight,  beside  the  bed. 
Beside  the  prison  is  a  sentry-box,  the  sentry  asleep,  a  tankard  at  his  feet. 
In  the  foreground  are  two  turnkeys  asleep,  with  coins  and  large  keys 
beside  them.  A  dog  barks  Police!  Police!  The  escaping  prisoner  rides  off 
to  the  r.,  saying.  Liberty  for  ever,  a  label  inscribed  £35,000  hanging  from 
his  pocket.  He  rides  through  the  smoke  of  a  bonfire,  round  which  men 
are  huzzaing,  one  shouting  Huzza  for  the  May  Bush.  A  woman  looks  from 
an  ill-drawn  coach  to  say  to  a  double  of  the  fugitive,  who  walks  towards 
the  prison.  You  look  vastly  like  him ;  he  says  Smoke  him. 

Rowan  (see  No.  8358)  determined  to  escape  from  the  Dublin  Newgate, 
where  he  was  imprisoned  for  a  seditious  libel,  on  news  of  the  arrest  of 
Jackson  (see  No.  8713)  which  portended  a  charge  of  treason  against  him- 
self. He  bribed  a  jailor  to  allow  him  to  visit  his  Dublin  house,  and  escaped 
thence  to  France.  State  Trials,  xxii.  1 186-7;  D.N.B.  Cf.  No.  8563. 
6  X  8f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154.  k. 

8467  ESSEX,  TO,  WIT— THE  DELEGATES  LAMENTATION. 

Puhlishd  by  W  Brown  King  S*  C.  G"  June  5  1794.'^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  in  a  country  town  (Chelmsford). 
Four  men  in  a  wagon  are  being  assailed  by  a  jeering  crowd.  A  fifth 
clambers  down  but  is  pricked  with  a  bayonet  by  a  soldier.   A  man  holds 

'  Date  uncertain:  the  final  figure  is  not  clear — perhaps  1799. 

93 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

up  a  noose  of  rope.  Beneath  the  title,  verses  are  etched  in  four  columns 
beginning : 

Oh  Charley!   What  mishaps  awaited 

At  Chelmsford  those  you  delegated 

To  puddle  up  the  Calves  petition. 

For  Billy  Pitt  &  Co^  dismission. 

They  narrate  that  the  rabble  broke  up  the  meeting,  and  dragged  their 
rostrum,  a  wagon,  towards  the  town  gibbet ;  the  delegates,  fearing  disaster, 
managed  to  escape  'astern'.   For  'Essex  calves'  cf.  No.  8459. 
9jx  io|  in. 

8468  THE  RENUNCIATION  OF  AN  EX  NOBLE  NOW  BECOME 
A  REPUBLICAN  SANS-CULOTTE  CITIZEN. 

IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  June  10  iyg4  hy  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Stanhope  crouches  in  profile  to  the  r., 
his  elbows  resting  on  his  thighs ;  he  excretes  into  an  inverted  earl's  coronet, 
and  urinates  upon  an  inverted  mitre  in  which  a  small  tree  ( .''  of  Liberty) 
is  planted.  Beside  it  are  a  book  of  Homilies  and  a  Book  [of]  Common 
Pray[er].  He  tears  a  profile  bust  portrait  of  George  HI,  dividing  the  head 
from  the  body.  He  wears  a  bonnet- rouge,  a  tattered  tricolour  blouse,  a  belt 
round  the  waist  in  which  a  dagger  is  thrust  inscribed  A  Deo  et  Rege  (his 
family  motto).  His  legs  are  bare.  The  head  is  a  very  fair  portrait,  but  his 
finger-nails  and  toe-nails  are  talons. 

One  of  several  satires  on  Stanhope  as  a  republican  and  an  enemy  of  the 
bench  of  bishops.  See  No.  8442,  &c. 


8469  THE  BRITISH  NEPTUNE  RIDING  TRIUMPHANT,  OR 
THE  CARMIGNOLS  DANCING  TO  THE  TUNE  OF  RULE 
BRITANNIA. 

/  Cruikshank  Del 

London  Pub:  June  16  iyg4  by  S.W.  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  who  has 

just  fitted  up  his  Exhibition  in  an  Entire  Novel  Stile  admittance  one 

shilling 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Admiral  Lord  Howe  stands  in  a  shell- 
shaped  car  drawn  by  dolphins  (as  in  No.  8352),  a  trident  in  his  r.  hand; 
in  his  1.  he  holds  cords  attached  to  the  prows  of  six  French  ships  (r.),  which 
advance  in  a  row  with  tattered  sails,  British  flags  flying  above  the  French 
tricolour.  Under  his  feet  is  a  tattered  French  flag.  A  mermaid  with  an 
olive  branch  and  a  merman  with  a  bunch  of  oak-leaves  rise  out  of  the 
water  (1.)  on  each  side  of  the  car.  In  the  air  (1.)  flies  a  cherub  with  a  British 
flag,  blowing  a  trumpet  from  which  emerges  a  large  label :  The  Gods  have 
Witnessed  the  scene  &  bear  full  Testimony  to  the  Undaunted  Spirit  of  the 
British  Tars;  &  While  Unanimity  &  Confidence  reigns  in  the  Fleet  the 
British  Flag  shall  ever  Ride  Triumphant!!!  Another  cherub  holds  a  wreath 
above  Howe's  head. 

From  the  water  in  the  foreground  (r.)  emerge  heads  and  bonnets- rouges 
of  drowning  French  sailors.  A  dolphin  threatens  with  cavernous  mouth 
a  head  which  rises  above  the  surface  to  cry  Vive  la  Republique.  Behind  the 
captive  ships  two  other  ships  are  sinking.    On  the  horizon  (1.)  battered 

94 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

French  ships  approach  Brest,  indicated  by  a  tiny  jetty  flying  the  tricolour 
flag. 

Official  news  of  Howe's  victory  of  the  First  of  June  reached  London  on 
10  June  after  many  rumours;  on  13  June  Howe  towed  his  six  prizes  into 
Spithead.  The  French  convoy  of  food-suppHes  from  America,  which  it 
had  been  one  of  Howe's  objects  to  intercept,  reached  Brest.  See  Mahon, 
Influence  of  Sea  Power,  iyg3-i8i2,  1892,  pp.  122-61.  See  also  Nos.  8470, 
8471,  8489,  8657,  9416.  There  are  in  the  B.M.  prints  and  plans  of  the 
action,  and  of  the  prizes  being  brought  towards  Spithead. 
I2jxi8jin. 

8470  ADMIRAL  HOWE  TRIUMPHANT  JUNE  1.  1794. 
Rd  Newton  del.  Pro  ...'[?  bono  publico] 

London  Pub.  by  W'"  Holland  N°  50  Oxford  St  June  20,  1794 
In  Holland's  Exhibition  Rooms  may  be  seen  the  largest  Collection  of 
Caricature  Prints  in  Europe.  Admif^^  One  Shilling 

Engraving.  Howe  rides  (1.  to  r.)  towards  the  coast  on  a  rampant  and  fierce 
British  lion,  crowned  and  with  tail  erect;  in  the  beast's  mouth  are  cords 
attached  to  six  French  ships ;  all  but  one  are  battered  hulks.  Howe  turns 
his  head  to  the  1.  towards  his  prizes,  frowning;  he  waves  his  cocked  hat. 
On  the  shore  in  the  background  is  a  group  of  four  sailors,  waving  their  hats 
and  cheering  frantically;  one  has  a  wooden  leg.  In  the  foreground  (1.) 
floats  a  cask  of  French  Spirits  whose  contents  gush  out  into  the  sea. 

See  No.  8469,  &c.    In  the  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum  there  are  two 
drawings  by  Rowlandson  of  excited  spectators  watching  the  prizes  being 
brought  to  Portsmouth.    (Reproduction,  Oppe,  Rotolandson,  his  Drawings 
and  Watercolours,  pi.  62.) 
9Xi3|in. 

847 1  LORD  HOWE  THEY  RUN,  OR  THE  BRITISH  TARS  GIVING 
THE  CARMIGNOLS  A  DRESSING  ON  MEMORABLE  1ST  qF 
JUNE  1794 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  June  25  1794.  by  SW  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly,  who  has 

just  fitted  up  his  Exhibition  in  an  entire  novel  stile  admittance  one 

shilling 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  sailors  (1.),  wearing  jackets  and 
striped  trousers,  attack  with  their  fists  two  bare-legged  sans-culottes  who 
put  up  their  hands  and  scream.  A  bulldog  worries  a  Frenchman  (r.)  in 
whose  belt  is  a  dagger ;  the  nails  on  his  fingers  and  toes  are  talons.  Another 
Frenchman  lies  on  the  ground,  while  three  flee  in  terror.  The  Frenchmen 
are  lean  and  ragged.  See  No.  8469,  &c. 
8|Xi2|in. 

8472  THE  PROGRESS  OF  THE  CAMPAIGN.  1794.  (JUNE) 

Pen  drawing,  probably  intended  to  be  engraved.  Francis  II  and  Mack 
drive  rapidly  uphill  and  to  the  1.  in  a  car  drawn  by  four  horses  (1,).  A  sign- 
post in  the  foreground  points  (1.)  To  Vienna  and  (r.)  To  y  Rhine.  They 
are  pursued  by  two  horsemen,  the  foremost  being  Cornwallis,  galloping 
on  the  extreme  r.  Cannon  and  tents  on  a  hill  above  them  indicate  a  camp. 
'  The  signature  is  almost  obliterated.  Attributed  to  West  by  E.  Hawkins. 

95 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

In  the  foreground  lies  a  Habsburg  eagle ;  one  head  and  tail-feathers  have 
been  shot  off;  beside  it  (r.)  lies  a  fallen  standard.  The  Emperor  holds  up 
both  arms,  a  feathered  crown  falls  from  his  head;  he  says:  O  Mack,  Mack 
is  this  the  triumph  you  promised  me!  Why  my  imperial  diadem  is  off — infamy 
&  ruin — Vienna  itself  may  bejacobinized.  To  his  pursuers  he  cries :  No,  no, 
you  dont  get  us  to  stop  yet  depend  upon  it  indeed,  indeed  we  dont  zvant  to  go 
to  Paris.  Mack  says  to  the  postilion:  Drive  on,  drive  on,  we  must  be  safe, 
before  I  can  chalk  out  another  road  to  Paris.  Comwallis  shouts,  with  out- 
stretched arm:  Hola!  stop,  stop.  We  are  friends — you  may  hear  of  something 
to  your  advantage — my  name  is  Corn — w — // — s,  Zounds  I  have  follow' d  you 
till  Fm  tired  to  death.  A  Subsidy  projects  from  his  pocket.  His  companion 
says:  My  Lord  give  up  the  business,  yoiCl  never  get  at  them — every  thing  they 
hear,  even  the  cracking  of  their  whips  sounds  like  a  French  Army.  Beneath 
the  title :  The  imperial  visit  to  the  Rhine.  The  indian  Hero  in  pursuit  of  the 
Knight  of  the  Black  eagle. 

On  23  May  Mack,  disgusted  (after  Turcoing,  see  No.  8458)  with  the 
failure  of  his  elaborate  plans  for  a  march  on  Paris,  resigned  his  post  as 
Chief  of  Staff,  declaring  his  opinion  that  the  re-conquest  of  Belgium  was 
hopeless.  On  24  May  the  Austrians  defeated  the  French  right  wing,  and 
the  Prussians  had  a  victory  on  the  same  day.  The  first  payment  of  the 
Prussian  subsidy  was  at  last  sanctioned  by  Grenville.  Cornwallis  was  sent 
to  Prussian  head-quarters  to  concert  operations,  with  orders  to  consult  the 
Emperor  and  Duke  of  York  on  his  way.  On  29  May  the  Emperor  declared 
his  intention  of  returning  to  Vienna,  actually  determined  to  quell  the  Polish 
rebellion  and  to  abandon  the  Austrian  Netherlands  (see  No.  8477),  but 
declaring  that  his  object  was  to  hasten  recruiting.  The  consequent  dis- 
couragement and  apathy  of  the  Austrian  army  led  to  the  defeat  of  Fleurus 
(25  June),  after  which  the  Austrians  evacuated  Belgium.  Fortescue,  Hist, 
of  the  British  Army,  iv.  273  ff. ;  Camb.  Hist,  of  Foreign  Policy,  i.  246-7 ; 
Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  pp.  208-9.  ^^^  ^o-  8496,  &c.  Cf.  No.  8791. 
SX6|in. 

8473  THE  REPUBLICANS  ON  A  MARCH.  [i  July  1794] 
Engraving.  Carlton  House  Magazine,  iii.  216.  A  reissue  of  part  of  No. 
7561.  The  party  of  burlesqued  French  soldiers  who  were  originally  the 
(stage)  assailants  of  the  Bastille  are  even  more  absurd  by  their  isolation 
from  the  other  figures.  Some  stand  at  attention  with  the  Standard  of 
Liberty.  A  soldier  capers  with  outstretched  cane,  which  in  the  original  was 
applied  to  the  touch-hole  of  the  toy  cannon. 

The  letter  of  one  'Edward  Bennet'  is  printed,  professing  to  send  his 
drawing  to  be  engraved  for  publication.   The  other  part  of  the  original 
design  is  No.  8678. 
6|  X  4J  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

8474  PORTRAITS  OF  THE  EMPRESS  OF  RUSSIA,  THE  EM- 
PEROR OF  GERMANY,  THE  KING  &  QUEEN  OF  ENGLAND, 
THE  KING  OF  PRUSSIA,  THE  LATE  KING  &  QUEEN  OF 
FRANCE,  &  THE  KING  OF  POLAND. 

Published  July  14  iyg4  by  Jee  &  Eginton 

Engraving.  A  companion  print  to  No.  8475.  Eight  puzzle  portraits 
defined  by  the  contours  of  emblematical  objects.  A  rock  supports  a  goblet 
of  irregular  shape  silhouetted  against  an  irradiated  disk.   The  two  sides 

96 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

of  the  goblet  are  formed  by  the  profiles  of  Catherine  (1.)  and  Francis  II  (r.). 
The  1.  side  of  the  rock  below  is  the  profile  of  George  III,  the  r.  side  is 
that  of  Queen  Charlotte.  The  branch  of  a  tree  (r.)  contains  the  profiles 
of  Frederick  William  II,  Louis  XVI,  and  (facing  the  ground)  Marie 
Antoinette.  A  portion  of  the  branch  terminates  in  a  serpent's  head,  the 
fang  pointing  up  at  Frederick  William.  In  the  centre,  facing  the  ground, 
is  the  profile  of  the  King  of  Poland,  looking  into  a  tomb,  and  close  to  a 
partly  sheathed  sword.  On  the  1.  is  a  military  trophy  of  flags,  cannon,  &c. 
Similar  profiles  of  Louis  XVI  and  Marie  Antoinette,  defined  by  branches 
of  weeping  willow,  were  popular  in  France  before  the  fall  of  Robespierre, 
though  treated  as  seditious;  they  also  decorated  fans.  Grand- Carteret, 
Les  Mosurs  et  la  Caricature  en  France,  1888,  p.  55.  Similar  fans  were  pro- 
duced in  England,  see  Schreiber  Coll.,  Nos.  53, 329.  SeeL'  Urnemyste'rieuse, 
reproduced,  Dayot,  Rev.  fr.,  p.  234.  Cf.  Hennin,  No.  12284.  A  similar 
group  of  profiles  was  published  at  Neuchatel,  see  facsimile,  A.  Marty, 
La  Derniere  Annee  de  Marie  Antoinette,  Paris,  1907,  No.  53.  For  similar 
German  prints  see  Van  Stolk,  Nos.  5162,  5163.  Profiles  defined  by  violets 
were  common  in  Napoleonic  prints  of  1815.    Cf.  also  No.  8427. 

8475  PORTRAITS  OF  GENL  KELLERMANN,  GENL  CUSTINE, 
PETION,  DANTON,  THOURET,  BARNAVE,  ROBERTSPIERRE, 
GENL  DUMOURIER,  LA,  FAYETTE,  &  MARAT. 

Published  July  14  1794  by  Jee  &  Eginton 

Engraving.  A  companion  print  to  No.  8474.  A  man  wearing  a  cocked  hat 
and  quasi-military  but  slovenly  dress,  stands  (1.)  holding  a  reversed  fire- 
brand and  looking  down  at  a  terrestrial  globe  in  which  the  arrangements 
of  land  represent  four  profiles.  From  his  moustache  he  appears  to  be  a 
German.  Three  other  profiles  are  formed  by  the  branches  of  a  leafless  tree. 
A  pendant  tree  (r.)  contains  three  other  profiles.  Between  the  two  trees 
is  a  landscape  in  which  are  ruined  and  burning  buildings.  In  the  fore- 
ground church  plate  and  other  looted  objects  are  heaped  together:  a  mitre, 
a  crucifix,  a  censer,  a  crozier,  &c.,  and  a  money-bag  inscribed  1 00000. 

Cf.  Hennin,  Nos.  12018,  12019. 
4iX5i»ein. 

8476  JOHN  GILPIN  THE  SECOND,  OR  CITY  LIGHT  HORSE 
VOLUNTEERS  PERFORMING  THEIR  EVOLUTIONS. 

IC  [Cniikshank.] 

London  Pub  July^  if^  ^794  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Men  in  uniform  are 
riding  in  a  riding-school,  while  a  dismounted  man  holding  a  long  whip 
stands  on  the  extreme  1.,  saying.  Keep  your  Seat  Sirs!!;  on  his  sleeve  are 
three  chevrons  and  a  crown.  Above  his  head  is  a  placard:  Royal  Salloon 
Taylor  Riding  to  Brentford  by  M*  My — ars  being  his  first  apearance  in  that 
Character  Tumbling  Vaulting  &c  &c.    In  the  foreground  a 

man  lies  on  his  back,  clutching  his  posteriors  and  exclaiming  Oh!  My  ars 
— My  ars.  His  mount  stands  over  him,  kicking  violently  and  looking 
round  viciously.  The  other  riders  are  all  in  difficulties:  one  (r.)  has  lost 
his  stirrups  and  clutches  his  horse's  mane,  saying,  what,  I  suppose  you 

'  Apparently  etched  over  an  almost  obliterated  'August'. 

97  H 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

thinks  to  frighten  me  by  going  backwards.  On  the  1.  three  men  are  being  run 
away  with,  the  most  prominent  puts  his  arms  round  his  horse's  neck. 
Behind,  a  man  raises  a  cane,  saying,  come  up  Neddy.  In  the  background 
on  the  extreme  r.  a  horseman  blows  a  trumpet.  Above  an  archway  is 
inscribed  Cowlings  Stables  Horses  Broke. 

The  Light  Horse  Volunteers,  first  formed  by  well-to-do  London  mer- 
chants in  1779  and  disbanded  in  1783,  were  re-established  in  May  1794 
as  the  Light  Horse  Volunteers  of  the  Cities  of  London  and  Westminster. 
Cf.  No.  8991.  In  1779  they  had  used  Cowling's  riding-house  and  stables 
near  Moorfields  for  keeping  and  training  horses,  and  for  riding-lessons.  In 
1794  there  were  also  three  other  riding- houses  (for  different  parts  of  the 
town)  where  riding-lessons  and  drill  took  place.  They  were  a  select  and 
self-important  body,  with  entrance-fees  and  an  expensive  equipment,  their 
chief  object  the  suppression  of  civil  disobedience.  See  CoUyer  and  Pocock, 
Historical  Record  of  the  Light  Horse  Volunteers,  i843,/)<w«m,  and  No.  9238. 
For  the  favourite  theme  of  City  horsemanship  cf.  No.  7524,  &c. 
9fXi3|in. 

8477  THE    FAITH    OF   TREATIES    EXEMPLIFIED    OR   JOHN 
BULL'S  LAST  EFFORT  TO  OBLIGE  HIS  FALSE  FRIENDS. 

[?  I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  July  ly  1794  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  huge  bull,  snorting  fire,  rushes  with 
lowered  head  towards  a  French  fort  (1.)  from  which  cannon-balls  descend 
upon  him.  Beneath  the  fort  sansculottes  on  one  knee  fire  at  the  bull  while 
standing  French  soldiers,  correctly  dressed,  also  fire.  On  the  fortress  stand 
Frenchmen,  firing  and  waving  their  hats ;  they  shout :  Vive  la  republic.  Blood 
&  plunder,  no  Quarter  to  John  Bull!  A  huge  tricolour  flag  has  a  staff  sur- 
mounted by  a  skull. 

To  the  bull's  baok  is  strapped  a  bundle  inscribed  Debt  Debt.  One  horn 
has  been  shot  off  and  lies  on  the  ground.  To  his  1.  hind  leg  is  chained  a 
heavy  weight  inscribed  Subsidies.  Nevertheless,  he  cries:  Now  my  brave 
Allies  let  us  all  stand  firm  together  &  make  a  bold  push,  &  I'll  be  Answerable 
for  the  Event.  But  behind  him  (r.)  his  allies  have  all  turned  their  backs 
and  are  departing  in  directions  indicated  by  signposts.  A  fat  Dutchman 
smoking  a  pipe  goes  To  Amsterdam,  saying,  /  care  not  who  beats,  F II  join 
the  Strongest  Party.  Frederick  William  II  (father-in-law  of  the  Duke  of 
York)  walks  off  To  Berlin,  saying,  Fvefingerd  the  Cash  from  both  Sides,  & 
will  now  employ  it  to  Secure  the  Partition  of  Poland;  Negociate  with  Roberts- 
pierre  privately  &  then — Damn  Relationship!!!  Next,  a  Spanish  don, 
Charles  IV,  goes  To  Madrid,  saying,  Whats  the  Bourbon  Family  to  me  when 
they  Impede  my  Interest.  Hush!!  I  am  now  treating  for  a  Separate  peace 
with  that  Blackguard  Roberspere  to  Secure  my  own  Crown — /  must  enlarge 
the  Powers  of  the  Inquisition.  On  the  extreme  r.  Francis  II  and  Mack  in 
a  two-wheeled  gig,  on  which  is  the  Habsburg  eagle,  are  driving  off  To 
Vienna.  The  Emperor  says :  Well  Mack  we  have  made  a  Glorious  Campaign 
of  it;  of  what  use  are  the  Low  Countries  without  they  continue  to  fill  my 
Coffers?  As  for  John  Bull,  let  him  settle  the  business  as  he  can  he  loves  to 
be  meddling. 

A  well-informed  satire  on  the  diplomatic  situation  in  1794,  see  Camb. 
Hist,  of  Foreign  Policy,  i.  239-53  5  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  pp.  195  ff. ; 
E.  D.  Adams,  Influence  of  Grenville  on  Pitt's  Foreign  Policy,  1904,  pp.  26  ff. 

98 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

Francis  II  was  believed  (May  1794)  to  be  secretly  negotiating  with 
Robespierre.  Sorel,  U Europe  et  la  Rev.  Jr.,  1909,  iv.  81.  He  had  left 
Flanders  for  Vienna  on  news  of  the  Polish  revolt  (see  No.  8607,  &c.), 
showing  that  Austrian  interests  were  in  Poland  and  that  he  would  surrender 
the  Netherlands  and  possibly  make  peace  with  France,  see  No.  8472. 
Prussia  obtained  a  subsidy  from  England  for  services  which  were  not 
rendered.  For  the  Dutch  attitude  to  the  war  cf.  No.  8299,  &c.  The  'almost 
open  avowal  of  the  French  cause'  by  Spain  in  May  1795  (Rose,  op.  cit., 
p.  274)  is  anticipated.  For  the  campaign  in  Flanders  see  Fortescue,  Hist, 
of  the  British  Army,  iv.  231-324.  The  Austrian  troops  proclaimed  that  the 
abandonment  of  Flanders  (by  Austria)  was  due  to  French  gold.  Ibid., 
p.  290.  See  No.  8496,  &c.  For  the  burden  of  subsidies  cf.  No.  8821,  &c. 
9X151^6  in. 

8478  BACK  FRONT  &  SIDE  VIEW  OF  A  DUTCH  LIGHT  HORSE- 
MAN. WITH  THEIR  IMPROVED  METHOD  OF  MOUNTING. 

London  Pub:  July  24  1794  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  who  has 
lately  fitted  up  his  Exhibition  in  an  entire  novel  stile  admitance  one 
shilling.  NB  folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out 

Engraving.  In  the  foreground  three  fat  and  unsoldierly  Dutchmen  sit  on 
clumsy  horses.  On  the  1.  man  and  horse  are  in  back  view.  Next,  the  rider 
holds  a  pitcher  in  his  1.  hand;  kettle-drums  are  slung  to  the  horse,  an 
enormous  trumpet  extends  above  the  rider's  shoulder  and  nearly  touches 
the  ground.  The  next  horse  (r.)  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  so  over- 
weighted that  foam  falls  from  his  nostrils.  From  its  rider's  bulging 
breeches  protrudes  a  bottle.  In  the  middle  distance  (r.)  a  stout  Dutchman 
swings  in  the  air  from  a  pulley,  his  legs  astride,  and  is  about  to  descend 
upon  the  saddle  of  his  horse.  The  windlass  of  the  gibbet-like  structure 
is  turned  by  a  man  stripped  to  the  waist.  The  three  soldiers  whose  faces 
are  visible  are  all  smoking  pipes.  Cf.  No.  8633. 
8|xi5  in. 

8479  THE  ERUPTION  OF  THE  MOUNTAIN,— OR— THE 
HORRORS  OF  THE  "BOCCA  DEL  INFERNO,"— WITH  THE 
HEAD  OF  THE  PROTECTOR  SAINT  JANUARIUS  CARRIED 
IN  PROCESSION  BY  THE  CARDINAL  ARCHEVfiQUE  OF  THE 
LAZARONI. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  July  25**  1794.  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  37,  New  Bond  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Vesuvius  in  eruption 
ejects  an  inverted  cone  of  flame,  while  streams  of  flaming  lava  pour  down 
its  sides  and  have  already  surrounded  Flanders  and  Holland  (both  indicated 
by  windmills  (1.)).  Another  stream  has  almost  reached  London,  which  is 
directly  in  front  of  the  mountain  and  is  represented  by  St.  Paul's  and  the 
gateway  of  St.  James's  Palace.  In  order  to  avert  the  calamity  a  ramshackle 
procession  advances  in  the  foreground  from  the  r.  Sheridan,  as  a  cardinal, 
walks  in  profile  to  the  1.,  holding  up  the  head  of  Fox  in  both  hands.  His 
hat  has  the  crown  of  a  bonnet-rouge.  His  tattered  robes  are  held  up  by  two 
train-bearers,  the  diminutive  M.  A.  Taylor  and  Lord  Derby;  their  rents 
reveal  a  bare  thigh  and  ill-gartered  stockings  over  bare  feet.    Beside 

99 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Sheridan  walks  a  dog  with  a  human  profile,  Grafton,  as  in  No.  8457.'  In 
front  of  Sheridan  walks  Lauderdale,  carrying  bell,  book  {Lauderdale' s  Jests , 
a  paper  emerging  from  his  pocket),  and  candle  (a  conspirator's  lantern). 
Behind  (and  towering  above)  the  two  train-bearers  are  the  Duke  of  Norfolk 
holding  up  his  cap  of  Libertas  on  his  staff  of  hereditary  Earl-Marshal,  and 
Lord  Stanhope  holding  two  bundles  of  flaming  matches.  Their  followers 
on  the  extreme  r.  are  indicated  by  caps,  spears,  and  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed 
Vive  la  Repub[ltque].  Heavy  clouds  cover  the  sky,  from  it  fall  stones  or 
lava  upon  Vienna  and  Berlin.  A  thunderbolt  descends  upon  Rome,  which 
is  in  flames.  All  the  sansculottes  are  literally  without  breeches  and  all  have 
bonnets-rouges.  They  appear  more  ready  to  welcome  the  catastrophe  than 
anxious  to  avert  it.  In  the  coloured  impression  the  flame  and  lava  from 
Vesuvius  and  the  robes  of  Sheridan  are  tricolour. 

The  head  of  St.  Januarius  is  impotent  to  avert  the  eflFect  of  the  eruption 
of  the  Mountain,  the  extremists  of  the  Convention  (cf.  allegorical  design 
by  Litz,  Le  Triomphe  de  la  Montagne,  reprod.  Dayot,  Rev.  fr.,  p.  213). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  177 ;  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  1 14.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
12  X  14!  in. 

8480  THE  FOX  CHASE.  [?  July  1794] 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  grotesquely  thin  and  much  carica- 
tured, bestrides  George  III,  whose  hands  are  on  the  ground,  his  legs  in 
the  air;  he  holds  a  rein  attached  to  the  King's  nose.  He  wears  enormous 
spurs,  his  hair  streams  behind  him,  and  his  bag  has  flown  off,  giving  an 
impression  of  rapid  motion.  He  holds  out  a  coin  towards  a  small  fox  (1.) 
with  the  head  of  Fox,  yelling.  Tally  ho!  Tally  ly  ly  ho!  Keep  on  bonney 
boy  we  shall  soon  be  rewarded  for  our  Trouble  Here  Here  CharVy  here's  a 
Dollar  for  you  topay  for  your  Watch  damme  why  don't  ye  stop  what  are  you 
affraid  of.  Fox  says:  ha  Dam  you  for  a  son  of  a  bitch,  it  won't  go  now  you 
know  very  well  arid  be  damn'd  to  you  but  come  on  Fox  is  never  affraid  of  a 
Goose  but  when  his  Master  is  with  him,  which  is  the  reason  I  run  from  you 
now  come  on  I'll  warm  ye,  keep  moveing  Dam  ye  keep  moveing.  The  King, 
on  whose  back  is  a  saddle,  shouts:  Oh  Measter  billy  I  don't  think  it  will 
be  of  any  use  for  us  to  presue  this  devil  of  a  Fox  any  further,  but  According 
to  Custom  ril  be  Ruled  by  your  superior  Judgment,  if  you  don't  Spur  me  so 
d-d-d-ddam  damnably  .if  you  do  I  per  Chance  may  throw  you  off.  A  building 
(r.)  is  intended  for  St.  James's  Palace. 

The  theme  is  that  of  No.  8139  (Dec.  1792) ;  the  manner  suggests  a  rather 
later  date,  perhaps  July  1794,  when  the  Portland  whigs  joined  the  Ministry. 
For  the  relations  between  Pitt  and  the  King  cf.  (e.g.)  Nos.  8102,  8496, 8812, 
9032. 
6f  X  loj  in. 

8481  EVACUAT^ION  OF  OSTEND.  [i  Aug.  1794^] 

Engraving.  PL  to  the  Hibernian  Magazine,  1794,  ii.  4.  A  crowd  of  fugitives 
hurry  from  a  castellated  gateway  to  the  sea-shore  to  embark  in  boats  for 
ships  at  anchor.  They  resemble  caricatures  of  French  emigres,  and  include 
a  monk  and  courtesan  (or  nun)  arm  in  arm,  a  fiddler,  a  ragged  man  wearing 

'  Identified  by  Wright  and  Evans  as  General  Fox,  who  was  serving  with  dis- 
tinction in  Flanders. 

*  A  French  print  of  Aug.  1794  has  been  misplaced,  see  No.  8674. 

ICX) 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

a  star  carrying  z.  plan  for  a  Monarchy ,  a  miser  with  money-bags,  and  a  fat 
bawd  in  a  carrying-chair  clasping  a  bottle  of  gin.  In  the  background  are 
buildings  enclosed  by  a  fortified  sea-wall. 

The  text  relates  that  the  town  was  evacuated  on  20  June  owing  to  the 
surrender  of  Ypres  and  the  retreat  of  Clerfayt,  the  baggage  of  English 
regiments  being  embarked.  Actually  Moira  was  sent  by  Dundas  to  defend 
Ostend,  where  he  found  (26  June)  the  commandant  embarking  his  troops 
with  a  view  to  retreat.  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army,  iv.  281  ff.  Cf. 
No.  8496,  &c. 
8f  X  6|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154.  k. 

8482  THE  BAKERS  SUNDAY  TRIUMPH.  [i  Aug.  1794] 

Engraved  for  the  Carlton  House  Magazine. 

Engraving.  A  reissue  of  part  of  No.  8022  (showing  three  bakers  dancing 
in  delight  while  the  Albion  Mills  blaze  in  the  background).  They  are  repre- 
sented as  rejoicing  at  the  Act  of  34  George  III,  c,  41,  forbidding  the  baking 
of  bread  on  Sundays.  To  celebrate  this  triumph  the  bakers  issued  a  half- 
penny token  in  1795  with  the  inscription  *To  lessen  the  slavery  of  Sunday 
baking  and  provide  for  public  wants  an  act  was  passed  a.d.  1794'  (repro- 
duced. Social  England,  ed.  Traill,  1904,  v.  684). 
6|  X  4I  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448  (iii.  258). 

8483  A  DANCE  ROUND  THE  POLES. 
[Newton.] 

London  Pu¥  August  5  1794  by  R  Newton  N"  20  Walbrook. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  sovereigns  of  Russia,  Prussia,  and 
Austria  take  hands  and  dance  round  a  circle  of  tiny  soldiers  on  parade. 
Catherine  II  stands  full-face,  taking  in  her  r.  hand  the  1.  hand  of  Frederick 
William  II  {Prussia),  in  her  1.  the  r.  hand  of  Francis  II  {Germany  [sic]). 
She  scowls,  looking  down  at  the  Poles;  the  other  two  smile.  They  sing, 
their  words  etched  above  their  heads: 

Now  we  caper  round  the  Poles  a! 

We're  the  Trio  with  great  souls  a! 

Doodle  doodle  doo.   [Prussia.] 

Soon  ril  kick  great  Kosciusco 

From  his  scurvy  camp  to  Muscow 
Doodle  doodle  doo  [Russia.] 

Here  you  see  a  pretty  dance  [a!] 

Now  we've  turn'd  our  thought[s  from  France  a!^] 
Doodle  doo[dle  doo.]   [Austria.] 

The  tiny  Polish  soldiers  are  drilling  with  their  backs  turned  to  the  three 
colossal  dancers  who  are  about  to  crush  them.  A  drummer  wears  a  fool's 
cap,  indicating  the  folly  of  the  Polish  revolt  of  Mar.-Apr.  1794,  led  by 
Kosciusko,  against  the  Second  Partition  of  Poland.  After  the  revolt,  Poland 
was  invaded  by  Prussia,  Austria,  and  Russia,  the  preoccupation  of  Prussia 
and  Austria  with  Poland  being  fatal  to  the  allied  campaign  in  Flanders  (see 
No.  8477).  On  8  Nov.  1794  the  Russians  entered  Warsaw,  and  the  final 
Partition  followed.  See  No.  8607,  &c.  Cf.  No.  4957,  &c.,  on  the  first 
Partition. 
9f  X15  in. 

'  Mutilated. 

lOI 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8484  KIDDNAPPING,  OR  A  DISGRACE  TO  OLD  ENGLAND 
[I.  Cniikshank.] 

London  Pub.  August  26  1794  by  G:  Andrews,  Comer  of  Tyler  Street 
Carnaby  Market 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  a  bare  and  dilapidated 
room  in  which  four  exhausted  men  (one  half  naked)  are  chained  to  the 
wall.  Three  smartly  dressed  soldiers  wearing  feathered  hats  are  maltreat- 
ing a  sailor:  one  (1.)  holds  a  rope  which  is  round  his  neck,  another  clutches 
him  by  the  hair,  the  third  (r.),  standing  behind  his  back,  raises  a  bludgeon. 
The  sailor  cries  Murder — Murder  oh.  The  three  soldiers  (1.  to  r.)  say: 
come  along  &  fight  the  French,  an  be  hanged  to  you  by  J  ...  s  man  you  dont 
know  when  you  are  used  well;  So  you  won't  be  a  Gentleman  Soldier  you  thief; 
B  .  .  .  t  you  what  do  you  call  Murder  for!  A  woman  holding  a  key  stands 

in  a  doorway  on  the  r,,  her  r.  fist  clenched;  she  says,  D n  him.  strip  him. 

The  four  chained  captives  sit  with  closed  eyes,  too  exhausted  to  notice  the 
turmoil.  Three  scampering  rats  and  an  enormous  cobweb  indicate  the 
character  of  the  room. 

Recruiting  was  carried  on  by  the  aid  of  crimps  who  kept  houses  (usually 
public-houses)  in  which  recruits  were  confined.  On  15  Aug.  a  recruit, 
one  Howe,  threw  himself  from  a  house  in  Johnson's  Court,  Charing  Cross, 
kept  by  a  Mrs.  Hynau,  or  Hanau,  and  was  instantly  killed.  Riots  against 
such  houses  followed.  Lond.  Chron.  16  and  19  Aug. ;  Ann.  Reg.  1794,  p.  40 ; 
Stanhope,  Life  of  Pitt,  1879,  "•  62-4.  See  No.  8486. 
7fXioiiin. 

8485  MY  GRANDMOTHER,  ALIAS  THE  JERSEY  JIG,  ALIAS 
THE  RIVAL  WIDOWS. 

[I.  Cniikshank.] 

London  Pub:  August  26  [1794]  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  who 

has  jus  fitted  up  his  Exhibition  in  an  entire  Novel  stile  admittance 

one  shilh  NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales,  very  stout,  sits  on 
a  sofa  (r.)  with  an  aged  crone  (Lady  Jersey)  on  his  knee,  whose  breast  he 
fondles,  singing: 

Fve  kissed  &  Fve  prattled  with  fifty  Grand  dames 
And  changed  them  as  oft  do  ye  see. 
But  of  all  the  Grand  Mammys  that  dance  on  the  Steine 
The  zoidow  of  Jersey  give  me  &c  &c. 

Lady  Jersey  takes  a  pinch  of  snuff".  On  the  1.  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  walks 
off  to  the  1.  with  a  tragic  gesture,  her  r.  hand  to  her  forehead,  in  her  1. 
she  holds  out  a  deed  inscribed  6000  P'  A*^.  She  exclaims:  Was  it  for  this 
Paltry  Consideration  I  sacrificed  my — my — my — ?  for  this  only  I  submitted 
to  to — to — oh  shame  for  ever  on  my  ruirHd  Greatness!!!  Drapery  hangs 
from  her  head,  and  a  cross  is  suspended  from  a  necklace  on  her  (uncovered) 
breast.  On  the  wall  is  a  bust  portrait  of  the  Prince  wearing  beard  and 
draperies  as  Solomon,  inscribed,  and  Solomon  had  300  Wives  and  yoo 
Concubines. 

The  first  appearance  in  the  Catalogue  of  Lady  Jersey  as  the  Prince's 
mistress.  Gossip  had  associated  them  in  1782.  Hist.  MSS.  Com.,  Carlisle 

102 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

MSS.  1897,  p.  575-  She  was  a  grandmother  (m.  1770),  but  not  a  widow 
(cf.  No.  8487). 

The  Prince  after  the  marriage  had  settled  ^3,000  a  year  on  Mrs.  Fitz- 
herbert  and  had  made  a  will  in  her  favour.  This  was  commuted  (i6  Mar. 
1808)  for  an  annuity  of  ;(^6,ooo  a  year  secured  by  a  mortgage  on  the  Pavilion 
at  Brighton.  W.  H.  Wilkins,  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  and  George  IV,  i.  147,  ii.  126, 
227.  The  (prophetic)  sum  of  ,^6,000  recurs  in  satire,  see  No.  8661  (cf. 
No.  8673).  The  separation  between  them  took  place  (after  the  liaison  with 
Lady  Jersey)  in  June  1794,  and  was  known  by  15  July  1794.  Cf.  reports 
in  The  Times,  July-Aug.,  quoted  J.  Ashton,  FlorizeVs  Folly,  pp.  178-9,  and 
No.  8499.  Cf.  No.  8806,  &c.  For  'Jersey  Jig'  cf.  No.  8983. 
Sj^X  i2|  in. 

8486  MODERN  MODE  OF  BEATING  UP  FOR  VOLUNTEERS! 

[i  Sept.  1794] 
[PLCruikshank.] 

Engraving.  Bon  Ton  Magazine,  iv.  199.  Three  soldiers  maltreat  a  well- 
dressed  man,  one  holds  his  arms  behind  his  back,  one  strikes  him,  one 
holds  his  leg.  A  virago  (1.)  stands  beside  them  holding  up  a  lighted  candle. 
The  room  resembles  a  dungeon  with  slits  for  windows,  A  man  (r.)  stands 
against  the  wall,  to  which  he  is  closely  chained.  In  the  background  (1.)  is 
a  seated  prisoner. 

Illustration  to  'Remarks  upon  the  late  nefarious  practices  of  the  crimps 
and  kidnappers;  increased  by  the  lamentable  death  of  the  unfortunate 
Mr.  Howe'.   The  writer  wishes  that  'the  infamous  Mrs  Hanau  might  be 
publicly  whipped'.   See  No.  8484. 
3|X5|in.  B.M.L.,  P.C. 

8487  JOHN  BULL'S  HINT  FOR  A  PROFITABLE  ALLIANCE. 

IC  [L  Cruikshank.] 

London  Sep"  26  iyg4  hy  SW  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly,  who  has  jus  fitted 

up  his  Exhibition  in  an  entire  Novel  stile  admittance  one  shilling 

NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  stout  Empress  of  Russia  sits  on  a 
throne,  whose  seat  she  completely  covers,  facing  T.Q.  to  the  1.  towards  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  who  bows  before  her,  hat  in  hand,  in  profile  to  the  r.  He 
says,  adapting  (as  in  No.  7380)  Falstaff's  words  (2  Henry,  IV,  v.  5):  Oh 
what  a  thing  it  is  to  be  in  Love,  To  ride  day  and  night;  not  to  deliberate  not 
to  remember,  not  to  have  patience  to  shift  me,  but  to  stand  stained  with  travel, 
&  sweating  with  desire  to  see  thee:  Thinking  on  nothing  else; putting  all  affairs 
in  oblivion,  as  if  there  were  nothing  else  to  be  done,  but  to  see  thee.  He  wears 
riding-dress  with  spurred  boots.  Behind  and  on  the  extreme  1.  stands  John 
Bull,  full-face,  a  plainly  dressed  citizen  wearing  top-boots ;  he  says :  There 
my  Lad  is  a  fine  buxom  Widow,  aye  and  warm  too,  if  you' I  have  her  you  need 
not  ask  Dad,  or  any  of  your  Acquaintance  for  any  Thing,  she'll  finish  your 
house,  &  furnish  it  too  for  you,  aye  &  keep  you  warm  in  cold  frosty  weather 
with  her  fur  skins,  a  rare  match  my  Lad  especially  as  you  are  fond  of  Widows!! 
(cf.  No.  8485).  The  Empress,  who  clutches  the  fur  (a  tiger-skin)  which 
trims  her  draperies,  has  an  inscrutable  expression.  On  her  r.  is  the  bust 
of  Fox  by  Nollekens  (see  No.  7902,  &c.),  peering  forward  at  the  Prince 

103 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

with  an  anxious  expression.  On  her  1.  and  on  the  extreme  r.  stands  a 
courtier,  holding  a  long  staff,  wearing  a  bear's  skin,  his  profile  showing 
through  the  beast's  open  jaws.  Behind  is  the  back  of  the  throne  decorated 
with  a  double-headed  imperial  eagle. 

The  Prince's  debts  had  driven  him  to  declare  his  readiness  to  marry, 
the  only  terms  on  which  George  III  would  increase  his  income.  By  Aug. 
1794  he  had  promised  the  King  to  give  up  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  (cf.  No.  8485) 
and  marry  the  Princess  of  Brunswick.   See  No.  8673,  &c. 
8fXi4iiin. 


8488  FAVORITE  CHICKENS,  OR  THE  STATE  OF  JOHNNY'S 
FARM-YARD  IN  1794 

[Hewitt.^] 

Published  Oct.  i  iyg4  by  R^  Turton,  Manchester  &  to  be  had  of  all 
the  Booksellers  in  Town  <Sf  Country. 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  John  Bull,  who 
resembles  George  III  and  wears  tattered  clothes,  stands  in  his  farm-yard 
scattering  guineas  with  both  hands  to  a  flock  of  standing  birds  (1.)  with  the 
heads  and  talons  of  birds  of  prey ;  behind  the  birds  stands  a  (Russian)  bear 
on  his  hind  legs,  looking  greedily  towards  the  coins.  Beside  John  Bull 
stands  a  basket  full  of  guineas,  which  a  horse  is  eating;  on  its  flank  is 
branded  a  small  white  horse  of  Hanover  (cf.  No.  8691).  In  the  foreground 
(r.)  the  watchdog  lies  in  front  of  his  kennel,  chained  to  the  ground.  He 
is  the  British  lion ;  a  Gallic  cock  stands  on  his  head  pecking  fiercely  at  his 
closed  eyes.  The  farm  buildings  are  dilapidated,  the  windows  broken,  the 
house  is  on  fire. 

The  'chickens'  are  evidently  Prussian  eagles,  greedily  devouring  the 
British  subsidy,  while  John  Bull  is  unconscious  that  his  own  house  is  on 
fire.  A  satire  on  the  diplomatic  and  military  misfortunes  of  1794,  see 
No.  8496,  &c.  For  the  burden  of  subsidies  cf.  No.  8821,  &c.  The  supposed 
subservience  of  British  policy  to  Hanoverian  interests  was  an  ancient 
theme,  cf.  (e.g.)  No.  3087. 
7|Xiiiin. 

8489  HOW  ARE  WE  RUINED! 

[Ceilings  del.,  Barlow  f.] 

Engraved  for  the  Carlton  House  Magazine.  [i  Oct.  1794] 

Engraving.  Carlton  House  Magazine,  iii.  341.  A  reissue  of  part  of  No. 
7684,  showing  three  men  seated  with  the  Gazetteer  and  The  Times,  one 
angry,  one  despondent,  one  pleased,  the  last  with  Pension  issuing  from  his 
pocket.  The  man  behind  them  regards  the  wall  map,  on  which  Nootka 
Sound  and  Pacific  Ocean  are  engraved  as  before,  but  Toulon  (much  mis- 
placed) has  been  added.  The  text  is  a  dialogue  in  which  the  gains  of  Santa 
Lucia,  San  Domingo,  Corsica  (see  No.  8516),  and  Guadeloupe,  as  well  as 
a  naval  victory  (see  No.  8469,  &c.),  are  adduced  to  controvert  'the  domestic 
enemies  of  Britain'  who  say  that  she  is  ruined.  Cf.  No.  8496,  &c. 
6^X4i  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

'  E.  Hawkins  notes:  'his  only  caricature.' 
104 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

8490  A  DEPUTATION  FROM  ONE  OF  THE  POPULAR  SOCIETIES 
OF  FRANCE  ENDEAVOURING  TO  PERSUADE  JOHN  BULL 
THAT  HE  CAN  DO  BETTER  WITHOUT  A  HEAD  THAN  WITH 
ONE!! 

G  M  Woodward  Del*''  [I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

London  Pub  Oct  12.  1794  by  S.W.  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  who  has 
just  fitted  up  his  Exhibition  in  an  Entire  Novel  Stile  Admittance  i\ 
where  may  be  had  complete  Collections  of  Caracatures  on  the  french 
Revolution 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull,  a  stout,  grotesque  citizen,  sits 
on  the  edge  of  his  chair  (r.)  goggling  in  terror  at  a  deputation  of  ten  head- 
less Frenchmen.  The  foremost,  bending  forward  politely,  holds  out  a  Plan 
of  La  Guillotine.  Others  stand  behind,  chapeau-bras ;  one  has  a  large  rolled 
document  under  his  arm  inscribed  Com\inittee\  of  Public  Welfare.  John 
Bull  holds  a  foaming  tankard  inscribed  Intire  Butt ;  the  contents  of  his  long 
pipe  fall  to  the  ground  from  his  shaking  hand. 

The  print  suggests  that  the  fall  of  Robespierre  (July  27)  had  made  little 
impression  in  England:  there  is  no  English  satire  in  the  collection  on  the 
Thermidorian  reaction.  Cf.  No.  8479. 
ii^Xi6|in. 

8491  THE  EX-RECTOR  OF  ST  STEVENS.  |  AND  HIS  CLERK  | 
IN  SOLEMN  SUPPLICATION  TO  THEIR  DEITY. 

Pu¥  OcV^  139^  by  W  Brozvn  N"  43  Rupert  street, 

Engraving.  Fox  and  Sheridan,  as  demons,  are  seated,  one  in  the  pillory,  the 
other  below  him  in  the  stocks,  so  arranged  as  to  represent  a  pulpit  with  the 
clerk's  desk  below  it.  Their  hands  are  posed  as  if  in  prayer  to  the  Devil  (1.), 
who  faces  them  seated  on  an  inverted  crown  which  rests  on  the  upper 
beam  of  a  guillotine  inscribed  "In  te  Spes  Nostra.  All  three  have  horns 
projecting  through  their  bonnets-rouges,  and  all  have  barbed  tails  with  the 
legs  and  hoofs  of  a  satyr.  The  Devil  is  naked,  the  other  two  wear  coats. 
Fox  sits  on  a  platform  supported  by  spears ;  he  leans  forward,  his  head  and 
hands  confined,  saying,  The  Prayers  of  this  Congregation  are  desired  for  one 

Tooke^  dangerously  Afflicted In  sedition  privy  conspiracy  &  Rebellion. 

Sheridan,  his  hoofs  thrust  through  the  holes  of  the  stocks,  his  hands 
together  above  an  open  book  inscribed  Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs  (cf.  No. 
6657),  says.  Dear  Daddy  Deliver  us.  The  Devil,  who  holds  a  sceptre  in 
both  hands,  looks  at  him  with  an  anxious  scowl. 

Home  Tooke  had  been  arrested  on  16  May  1794  on  account  of  corre- 
spondence which  was  believed  to  show  that  he  was  engaged  with  the 
Corresponding  and  Constitutional  Societies  in  promoting  a  rising.  A  true 
bill  was  returned  on  6  Oct.  against  Thomas  Hardy,  Tooke,  and  ten  others 
for  high  treason.  In  spite  of  Hardy's  acquittal  (5  Nov.)  Tooke  was  tried 
but  acquitted  (22  Nov.),  and  the  other  prosecutions  were  dropped.  Fox 
protested  against  measures  to  repress  non-existent  or  exaggerated  sedition, 
but  spoke  of  the  accused  persons  as  his  'personal  and  political  enemies' 
(this  applies  particularly  to  Tooke,  author  of  Two  Pair  of  Portraits,  see 
No.  9270).  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  921-9.  For  the  trials  see  Nos.  8502,  8624. 
10^X13!  in. 

'  The  *e'  is  scored  through. 

105 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8492  HAMPSHIRE  FENCIBLES  PROTECTING  THEIR  BACON. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pul^  Oct  20  1794  by  J  Aitken  N°  14  Castle  5'  Leicester  Square 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  officer  in  back  view  (1.),  mounted  on 
a  large  pig,  drills  a  row  of  five  men  (r.)  similarly  mounted,  and  all  in  diffi- 
culties with  their  mounts.  Three  raise  their  sabres.  In  the  background 
four  men  gallop  their  pigs  (r.  to  1.)  in  an  orderly  line.  All  wear  yeomanry 
uniform. 

Similar  in  intention  to  No.  8459,  the  Hampshire  hog  (cf.  No.  6016) 
taking  the  place  of  the  Essex  calf;  see  also  the  Suffolk  rats  of  No.  8597. 
The  Fencible  regiments,  for  home  defence,  differed  from  the  Militia  in  not 
being  chosen  by  ballot.  See  Fortescue,  The  County  Lieutenancies  and  the 
Army,  1909,  pp.  4,  6 ;  I.  H.  M.  Scobie,  An  Old  Highland  Fencible  Corps, 
1914,  pp.  3-7. 
8|xi3f  in. 

8493  OPENING  THE  SLUCES  OR  HOLLANDS  LAST  SHIFT 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  Ocf  24  1794  by  J  Aitken  N"  14  Castle  S^  Leicester  Sqr 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  line  of  buxom  Flemish  women 
recedes  in  perspective  diagonally  from  1.  to  r.  across  the  design,  forming 
the  edge  of  a  sheet  of  water  through  which  French  soldiers  advance,  some 
aiming  their  muskets.  Copious  streams  issue  from  the  bared  posteriors  of 
the  women,  producing  the  water  which  checks  the  French  advance.  In  the 
foreground  is  a  group  of  three,  at  the  near  end  of  the  line :  a  stout  Dutch- 
man (also  urinating),  in  profile  to  the  r.,  holds  a  large  bottle  of  Gin,  to 
which  a  stooping  woman  puts  her  mouth.  Next  her  a  woman  facing  the 
water  turns  her  head  to  the  1.  The  man  is  smoking  hard,  a  second  pipe 
is  thrust  through  his  hat-band.  The  women  are  typical  Flemings,  wearing 
wide-brimmed  hats  over  lace  caps,  with  necklaces  and  ear-rings. 

After  Fleurus  (25  June)  the  Austrians  retreated,  leaving  the  British  flank 
bare  and  forcing  the  Duke  of  York  to  evacuate  Antwerp  (July)  and  retire 
across  the  Dutch  frontier.  The  Dutch,  influenced  by  the  Patriots  (cf. 
No.  7172,  &c.),  made  little  attempt  at  defence  and  even  obstructed  the 
efforts  of  the  British.  Eventually  the  frost  neutralized  the  naturally  strong 
defences,  the  French  crossed  the  Waal  on  14  Jan.  1795,  and  the  hostility 
of  the  Dutch,  including  Orangists,  to  the  English,  facilitated  the  conquest. 
Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army,  iv.  300  ff. ;  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great 
PFar,  pp.  213-16.  See  No.  8608,  &c.  Cf.  Nos.  8299,  8327,  8496,  &c.,  9421. 
813X13  J  in. 

8494  BILLY  IN  HAST  GOING  TO  CONSULT  HIS  OLD  FRIEND 
CONCERNING  THE  WAR. 

Pu¥  OcV  26  1794  by  y  Aitken  N°  14  Castle  Street  Leicester  Square 

Engraving  (slightly  aquatinted).  Pitt,  his  hair  rising  in  terror,  runs  in 
profile  to  the  1.  towards  the  Devil,  who  stands  before  the  flames  of  Hell. 
With  his  1.  hand  he  throws  behind  him  coins  towards  the  three  greedy 
heads  of  Cerberus,  who  is  chained  to  a  stone  wall  on  the  extreme  r.  The 
Devil  stands  expectantly,  holding  a  long  trident.   He  is  naked,  with  bird's 

106 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

wings,  and  the  feet  of  a  bird  of  prey.  Above  his  head  flies  a  winged  monster 
with  a  barbed  tail.   On  the  horizon  is  a  burning  town. 

The  three  heads  of  Cerberus  have  moustaches,  one  very  long.  One  paw 
rests  on  a  purse.  He  appears  to  represent  the  allies,  on  whom  Pitt  was 
squandering  money,  i.e.  a  subsidy  to  Prussia,  an  allowance  to  the  Austrian 
commander  Clerfayt,  a  grant  to  the  Dutch  (18  Oct.).  Cambridge  Hist,  of 
British  Foreign  Policy,  i.  246-5 1 ;  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army, 
iv.  309-10.  A  satire  on  the  military  and  diplomatic  failures  of  1794,  see 
No.  8496,  &c.  For  subsidies  cf.  No.  8821,  &c. 
8iixi3i'gin. 

8495  THE  REVEREND  PHILOSOPHER. 

Engraved  for  the  Carlton  House  Magazine.  [i  Nov.  1794] 

A  reissue,  with  an  altered  title,  of  No.  7887  (1791).  Priestley  as  a  revolu- 
tionary and  atheistic  firebrand. 

B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448  (iii.  359). 

8496  A  NEW  SONG,  WRITTEN   BY   CAPTAIN  MORRIS,  AD- 
DRESSED TO  JOHN  BULL  AND  HIS  NUMEROUS  FAMILY. 

[?West.^] 

Pu¥  Nov"  5  1794  by  J  Aitken  N"  14  Castle  Street  Leicester  Square 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Heading  to  a  printed  song  of  twenty- five 
verses  with  a  printed  title.  A  bull,  John  Bull,  lies  down ;  two  large  birds 
of  prey  have  settled  on  his  back ;  his  expression  is  one  of  patient  melan- 
choly. One  (1.),  having  a  human  head  with  long  moustaches  (Prussia), 
grasps  each  horn  in  its  talons  and  bites  at  his  head.  The  other  (r.),  with 
the  head  of  an  eagle  (Austria),  bites  his  back.  In  the  background  (1.)  a  stout 
John  Bull  walks  in  profile  to  the  1.,  coins  pouring  from  his  person  for  the 
benefit  of  a  stolid  Dutchman,  who  watches  him,  smoking  a  pipe.  On  the  r. 
a  Dutchman  kneels  to  ( ?)  French  invaders.  The  verses  are  a  violent 
attack  on  Pitt  and  his  policy: 

[12]  Dont  you  think  it's  a  pretty,  political  touch — 

To  keep  shooting  your  gold  in  the  damms  of  the  Dutch  ! 

Sending  troops  to  be  swamp' d,  where  they  can't  draw  their  breath  ? 

And  buying  a  load  of  fresh  taxes  with  death  ? 
[13]  Then,  your  friends,  who've  been  sucking  the  sap  of  your  skull 

Now  choose  to  be  fed  on  your  fat.  Master  Bull ! 

Oh!  your  whisker- mouth 'd  Prussian's  a  Hell  of  a  Bite 

And  your  Eagle  of  Austria's  a  damnable  kite. 
[17]  Yes;  Laurels  you  have,  John,  to  tickle  your  ear — 

For  you've  conquer'd  a  Corsican  mountain,  I  hear; 

And  the  Carribee  Laurels — Oh  fortunate  lot! 

You've  reap'd,  and  a  fine  yellow  harvest  you've  got. 
[25]  Too  long,  John,  I've  told  you,  the  helm  would  break  down. 

With  this  foul-going  Pilot,  that  steers  for  the  Crown, 

But,  I've  done ;  for,  now,  ruin  hangs  over  the  elf; 

So  good  luck  to  your  King — and  long  life  to  yourself. 

The  accusations  against  Pitt,  'this  Jenky-nurs'd  Jackall'  (cf.  No.  6801), 
of  aiming  at  royal  power  current  during  the  Regency  crisis  (see  No.  7382, 

'  So  attributed  by  E.  Hawkins. 

107 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

&c.)  are  revived,  cf.  No.  8480.  The  policy  of  war  with  France  is  con- 
demned. The  self-seeking  demands  of  Prussia  and  Austria  in  their  rela- 
tions with  England,  and  the  self-regarding  inactivity  of  the  Dutch  (cf. 
No.  8299,  &c.),  were  fully  known  only  to  the  Cabinet.  For  the  West 
Indian  campaigns,  with  their  appalling  casualties  from  yellow  fever,  see 
Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army,  iv.  134-5,  I39~40>  ^5^>  3^6  ff.  For 
the  military  and  diplomatic  failures  of  1793-4  see  Auckland's  letter  to  Pitt 
(28  Nov.)  on  'the  disastrous  events  of  the  last  twelve  months'  {Auckland 
Corr.  iii.  266-75)  and  Nos.  8425,  &c.,  8434,  8472,  8477,  8481,  8488,  8489, 
8493,  8494;  for  Corsica,  No.  8516,  &c.  Cf.  No.  8672. 
81X9^  in.  Broadside,  17X  loj  in. 

8497  FREEDOM  15 
Pu¥Nov''  17.  1794  by  T  Prattent  46  Cloth  Fair  and  J  Evans  41  Long 

Lane  West  Smithfield  London 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  smithy.  Four  hearty  fellows  are  hard  at 
work;  one  (r.)  at  a  bench,  another  at  the  furnace  (1.),  while  in  the  back- 
ground two  work  together  at  an  anvil.  On  the  1.  a  stout  citizen  wearing  a 
hat  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  mouth  wide  open,  apparently  singing: 

Rule  Britannia  Britannia  rules  the  waves 

Britons  never  shall  be  Slaves.  (Engraved  below  the  title.) 

6|X9iin. 

8498  THE  RAGE. 

W.  Hintin  sculp.   [?  O'Keefe  del.] 

Published  November  21^  1794  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  37  New  Bond 
Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  (1.), 
stout  and  matronly,  and  Princess  Caroline  of  Brunswick  (r.),  slim  and  girl- 
ish, stand  facing  each  other,  the  former  irate  and  dishevelled,  with  clenched 
fists,  the  latter  surprised  but  scarcely  hostile;  the  elder  woman  is  carica- 
tured but  not  the  younger.  Under  Mrs.  Fitzherbert's  feet  are  the  Prince 
of  Wales's  coronet,  feathers,  and  motto.  The  Princess  wears  the  coronet 
and  feathers,  with  a  short-waisted  dress  and  ribbon  sash.  Her  rival's  dress 
has  a  pointed  corsage.  The  background  is  a  wall  with  a  striped  paper,  in 
the  middle  of  which  is  a  small  window  framed  by  heavy  curtains.  Two 
oval  seascapes  hang  on  the  wall:  behind  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  a  boat  with  a 
flag  approaches  a  crowd  standing  on  the  shore;  behind  the  Princess  a 
woman  standing  on  the  shore  holds  out  her  arms  to  a  ship  in  full  sail. 

Malmesbury  was  dispatched  in  Nov.  1794  to  Brunswick  to  make 
a  formal  proposal  for  the  marriage  of  the  Princess  to  the  Prince  of  Wales 
(who  had  already  deserted  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  for  Lady  Jersey,  see  No.  8485). 
The  Rage  was  a  comedy  by  Reynolds,  first  played  23  Oct.  1794,  cf. 
No.  8570. 

Reproduced,  J.  Ashton,  FlorizeVs  Folly,  1899,  p.  177. 
Six  11^  in. 

8498  A  A  water-colour  (no  title),  the  original  or  (perhaps)  a  close  copy 
of  No.  8498. 
9X11J  in. 

108 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

8499  PENANCE  FOR  PAST  FOLLY. 
W.  Hintin  sculp*  [?  O'Keefe  del] 

Published  Nov''  21^*  I794  by  H.  Humphrey  N"  37  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).    Mrs.  Fitzherbert,  a 
weeping  penitent,  kneels  before  a  priest  (1.)  seated  in  profile  to  the  r.,  who 
holds  up  a  birch-rod  and  points  an  accusing  finger.   He  says: 
You  know  I'am  your  priest,  &  your  Conscience  is  Mine, 
And  you  know  you  have  been  Wicked  &  that  is  a  bad  Sign. 
His  head  is  tonsured,  the  hair  resembling  a  garland.  He  wears  an  embroidered 
cope  over  elaborate  robes,  with  bare  feet  and  sandals,  and  sits  in  an  ornate 
chair  on  the  back  of  which  is  a  crown.  The  crown  and  some  resemblance 
to  George  HI  suggest  that  he  may  be  intended  for  the  King.   Mrs.  Fitz- 
herbert holds  a  rosary  in  her  r.  hand,  and  puts  a  handkerchief  to  her  face, 
looking  away  from  the  priest.   Behind  her  is  an  altar  with  two  candles. 

For  Mrs.  Fitzherbert,  Lady  Jersey,  and  the  Princess  of  Brunswick  see 
No.  8498  and  index. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs  und  Kind,  Die  Weiberherrschaft,  i.  241. 
io|Xi3iiin. 

8500  WONDERFUL  EXHIBITION!!! 
SIGNOR  GULIELMO  PITTACHIO 

'[Copied  from  the  Courier,  Friday,  Nov.  28, 1794.]  Sold  by  all  News- 
carriers.* 

Printed  sheet  in  the  manner  of  a  play-bill  with  a  woodcut  of  Pitt  from  the 
block  used  in  No.  8375.  His  head  is  in  profile  to  the  r.,  holding  a  hand- 
bell in  his  1.  hand,  in  his  r.  a  sheaf  of  papers  headed  Wonderful!  The  text 
(abridged,  capitals,  &c.,  not  reproduced):  'The  sublime  wonder  of  the 
World!!!  Condescends  to  inform  the  Public  ....  that  he  has  now  opened 
his  Grand  Hall  of  Exhibitions  at  Westminster,  with  a  grand  display  of  his 
astonishing  and  magnificent  Deceptions  .  .  .  First — The  Signor  will  bring 
forward  a  Magical  Alarm  Bell,  at  the  ringing  of  which  the  Company  shall 
become  Mad  or  Foolish. 

Secondly — He  will  produce  his  justly  celebrated  curious  spy  glasses 
which  distort  and  misrepresent  .  .  .  and  occasion  ...  a  sudden  and  social 
dismay;  such  as  has  never  before  been  witnessed  in  this  Country.  .  .  . 

Fifthly — He  will  make  some  Marvellous  Experiments  upon  his  own 
Memory,  By  forgetting  the  most  Material  Incidents  of  his  own  Life.  .  .  . 

Sixthly — By  his  Oratorical  Efforts,  he  will  in  the  Course  of  a  few 
Minutes  persuade  the  greater  Part  of  his  Audience  ...  to  give  him  three 
cheers  and  nominate  him  the  Heaven-born  Conjuror,  .  .  . 

The  whole  to  conclude  with  a  Dramatic  Piece  in  one  Act,  called  The 
Humbug;  or  John  Bull  a  Jack  Ass  .  .  .  Signor  Pittachio  will  close  his 
Wonderful  Performances  by  exhibiting  his  own  Person  on  The  Tight 
Rope.   For  the  Benefit  of  the  Swinish  Multitude. 

Vivant  Rex  et  Regina.' 

Two  woodcut  impressions  of  the  Royal  Arms  decorate  the  page. 

A  satire  on  Pitt's  policy  of  repression  and  the  proceedings  (cf.  No. 
8491)  against  members  of  the  London  Corresponding  Society  (see  No. 
9189,  &c.)  and  others.  It  also  reflects  military  and  diplomatic  failures,  cf. 
No.  8496,  &c.  Pitt  is  accused  of  forgetting  that  he  had  advocated  Parlia- 
mentary Reform  (cf.  No.  8635,  &c.).    Burke's  unfortunate  phrase  gave 

109 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 
much  copy  to  the  radical  press,  e.g.  Politics  for  the  People,  or  Hop's  Wash 
^L^tr    7mT  fe'  ^  n^?39)  being  tried  for  a  sedLus  libef  24F^b' 
lit       A  f^l^^  ^^."^T^"  '"^^"'^^^  ''' '''  ^hen  counsel  for  th;  Crown 
apologized  for  the  words  'Swinish  Multitude'  as  escaping  «in  the  heatTf 
debate  m  parliament'  (actually  in  Burke's  Reflections,  see  No.  7675   &c) 
State  Trtak  fcxv.  1019.   Spence  published  Pig's  Meat;  or  Lessomfrom 
the  Swtntsh  Multitude  by  the  Poor  Man's  Advocate,  1793,  4,  5,  for  wW^ 
he  was  imprisoned  without  trial  17  May  to  22  Dec.  1794    See  Nos  ^.c8 
8365,  8425'.  ^^/ij  ^^55,  8696,  8707,  8712,  8949.  9230  927!    aalso^  a 
song.  Burke's  Address  to  the  Swinish"  Multitude  {BM.^  806  k  16  iiot 

seTro"9';;4%?  """'"  ""'' "  '"'  ^''  ''  TaUon'.-'Folihe  cillt 
Reprinted,  Spirit  of  the  Public  Journals  for  lygy,  1798,  pn   -,qi_.     See 
S.,%738;4o       '"  ''"'^  '""^'"^  Ejbitiol^:.  frLX'^J/^j^" 
i6|xioiin. 

8500  A.  An  earlier  edition,  without  the  Royal  Arms  and  the  final  nhra«^ 
relating  to  the  'Swinish  Multitude'.  P^"^^^ 

B.M.L.,  P.P.  806  k.  1/26. 

8501  ANCIENT  MODES  OF  MANNING  THE  NAVY. 
[Collings  del.  Barlow  f.]  ^'  ^^"^^  '794] 

N^FVnc^'.u''"^''^  ^''"''  ^^Sazine,  iii.  425.  A  reissue  of  the  1.  part  of 
No.  7753,  showing  a  press-gang  at  work,  one  man  kneeling  to  imnlore 
mercy  another  dragged  off  by  his  neckcloth.  The  text  asserts  thTve^ 
httle  force  has  been  used  to  recruit  the  navy  during  the  present  wa7 
augmented  rewards  having  been  sufficient.  A  contrast's  drawTv^h  the 
ancient  methods  depicted.  See  No.  8447 
'^^3|in.  ^^-  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

8502  COOL  ARGUMENTS!!! 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  by  S  W  Fores  No  3  Piccadilly  December  13  lyg^ 

Engraving.  A  portrait  (not  caricatured)  of  Erskine  in  wig  and  gown  leaning 

forward  and  to  the  1.,  his  1.  hand  on  his  hip,  holding  up  in  his  r  Sd  f 

ElkTnetf  '^'TT;,  ^'  '°°';  J^^^^y  '^'^^^  ^i-  frowning  slight^ 
Erskine  s  successful  defence  of  the  persons  prosecuted  for  constmctive 

Se'eTw"  '^;^/  'Tr^'V^?;'  ^"'  ^^^"^^  ^'-  -"-h  f--e  and  popuTarh^^^ 
frf.  IfT'  -^^  "^  K-^'f  ^^'^""'  '^44,  i.  268.  He  defended  the  prisS 
free  of  charge  see  his  letter  to  the  Corresponding  Society,  BM  AdT 
MSS.  27813.  fo  3.  The  title  probably  satirizes  hiLhetori^l  appeals  to 
the  jury.  See  Nos.  8264,  9208,  9282,  9741  appeals  to 

iSXiofin.  ^^^^' 

8503  VILLAGE  CAVALRY  PRACTISING  IN  A  FARM-YARD 

G.  M.  Woodward  Im^  [Rowlandson  f.] 

Publishd  Decenf  18.  iyg4  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    Mounted  yokels,  riding  r.  to  I.   make 
havoc  m  a  farm-yard.   One  only  wears  unifo^i;  he  shouts  at  diem  fr^ 


no 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

the  r.,  with  upraised  hand.  A  man  riding  a  horse  with  blinkers  fires  a 
blunderbuss,  shutting  his  eyes;  he  damages  a  pigeon-house  and  kills 
pigeons.  He  is  riding  up  to  a  well  in  which  a  terrified  man  has  sought 
shelter,  clutching  the  rope  and  looking  over  the  top.  Two  other  inexpert 
horsemen  use  clubs,  one  a  flail,  one  a  pitchfork.  A  witch-like  old  woman 
holding  a  broom  lies  on  her  back ;  her  basket  of  cocks  and  hens  has  been 
overturned  and  the  birds  escape.  A  bull  and  a  bulldog  face  each  other 
belligerently.  In  the  background  (1.)  a  fierce  engagement  between  farmers, 
labourers,  and  horsemen  is  in  progress. 

One  of  many  satires  on  the  militia,  yeomanry,  and  fencibles,  see  No. 
8459  and  index. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  324. 
8|x  18  in.   The  r.  portion  of  the  print,  c.  8^  in.,  has  been  torn  off. 

8504  AN  UNWELCOME  VISIT. 
Woodward,  del.   [Rowlandson  f.] 

Publi^  as  the  Act  directs  by  S.W.  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  Dec"  26.  1794 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  John  Bull  sits  in  an  arm-chair 
holding  a  long  pipe  in  his  1.  hand  which  rests  on  a  circular  table  beside  a 
glass  and  bottle  of  Coniac.  He  looks  up  with  an  anxious  scowl  at  an  elderly 
man  who  stands  (r.),  saying,  /  'am  come  again  about  the  Taxes  Sir — if  agree- 
able to  you  to  discharge  them.  The  tax-collector  holds  a  large  open  book, 
New  Taxes  for  the  Year  iyg6,^  in  which  he  writes  with  his  1.  hand.  He 
wears  a  hat  in  which  a  pen  is  thrust,  an  ink-bottle  hangs  from  a  button, 
in  each  pocket  of  his  greatcoat  is  a  large  book,  one  being  Additional  Taxes 
on  Window  Lights.  Under  his  arm  is  another  large  book:  \T'\axes  Receipts 
Taxes.  Beside  the  taxpayer  sits  a  dog,  who  glares  up  at  the  tax-collector 
with  an  expression  resembling  that  of  his  master. 

A  satire  with  little  application  to  actual  taxes.  Pitt's  budget  of  1794  was 
uncontroversial.  Pari.  Hist.  xxx.  1353-62.  There  was,  however,  in  1794 
a  new  tax  on  crown  or  plate  glass,  described  as  an  article  of  luxury.  Ibid. ; 
see  No.  8425.  The  window-tax  on  houses  with  less  than  seven  windows 
was  repealed  in  1792  (cf.  No.  8065)  and  rates  were  not  raised  till  1797, 
while  dairies  were  exempted  in  1796.  Dowell,  Hist,  of  Taxation,  ii.  210  f. 
9iXi3iin. 

8505  BAD  NEWS  UPON  CHANGE. 
Woodward  del.   [Rowlandson  f.] 

Published  as  the  Act  directs  DecC^  28^^  iyg4  by  S.W.  Fores  N"  3 

Piccadilly 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  the  Royal  Exchange, 
showing  part  of  two  sides  of  the  arcaded  quadrangle,  and  the  statue  from 
the  waist  downwards  of  Charles  II  (by  Grinling  Gibbons)  on  a  high 
pedestal  surrounded  by  an  iron  railing.  It  is  crowded  with  men,  talking 
in  couples,  or  walking  off  in  deep  dejection.  All  are  elderly  and  caricatured 
and  their  dress  is  old-fashioned ;  one  has  a  Jewish  profile. 

There  was  a  fall  in  the  stocks  during  Dec,  the  3-  and  4-per-cent. 
Consols  reaching  the  lowest  point  for  the  year.  Ann.  Reg.  1794,  p.  342*. 
Cf.  No.  8496,  &c. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  325. 
8|xi2|in. 

'  The  last  figure  is  doubtful. 

Ill 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8506  CITIZEN  SKIRVING 
/.  Kay  fecit  1794 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  H.L,  portrait  of  a  plainly  dressed  man 
looking  to  the  r.,  standing  behind  a  table  on  which  are  writing-materials. 
In  his  r,  hand  is  an  open  book ;  his  r.  arm  rests  on  a  long  document  and  a 
pile  of  three  books.  Beneath  the  title:  Secretary  to  the  British  Convention  \ 
A  Tried  Patriot  and  an  Honest  Man.  Used  as  a  frontispiece  to  James 
Robertson's  edition'  of  The  Trial  of  William  Skirving  (B.M.L.  1131. 
i.  14/3)  and  probably  a  representation  of  Skirving  at  his  trial  for  sedition, 
6  and  7  Jan.  1794,  when  he  defended  himself.  The  British  Convention 
was  the  name  assumed  by  the  third  General  Convention  of  the  Friends 
of  the  People  which  met  in  Edinburgh  on  19  Nov.  1794.  See  Veitch, 
Genesis  of  Parliamentary  Reform,  191 3,  pp.  243  flF. ;  W.  P.  Hall,  British 
Radicalism,  lygi-iygy,  1912,  pp.  182  fF. ;  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  865  ff. ;  Meikle, 
Scotland  and  the  French  Revolution,  1912,  pp.  140  ff. ;  Cockburn,  Examination 
of  Trials  for  Sedition  in  Scotland,  i.  222  ff.    Cf.  Nos.  8362,  8424,  8507-12. 

'Collection',  No.  267.    Kay,  No.  ccclix. 
3|X2^in. 

8507  CITIZEN  MARGAROT 
I.  Kay  fecit  1794 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  Margarot  (H.L.)  stands  directed  to  the  1., 
r.  arm  outstretched  oratorically,  the  hand  cut  off  by  the  1.  margin.  His  1. 
arm  rests  on  books:  Magna  Charta,  Bill  of  Rights,  Government  always 
improveable.  Original  Power  of  the  People.  On  the  table  or  shelf  in  front 
of  him  are  also  writing-materials  and  other  books:  Hanging  Judges,  Sedi- 
tion, Universal  Suffrage.  In  his  1.  hand  is  a  sheaf  of  MS.  inscribed:  Did 
you  not  say  that  the  Mob  would  be  the  better  for  losing  a  little  blood!  Beneath 
the  title :  Delegate  from  the  London  Corresponding  Society  to  the  British 
Convention.   (See  No.  9189,  &c.) 

Margarot  (see  No.  8424)  is  evidently  depicted  conducting  his  own 
defence  in  court,  when  tried  for  seditious  practices  in  Edinburgh,  13  and 
14  Jan.  1794.  He  opened  by  attacking  the  judges:  *My  lords,  we  all 
know  that  Cambyses  ordered  an  unjust  judge  to  be  flayed. . .  .*  His  speech 
of  four  hours  to  the  jury,  according  to  Braxfield's  summing  up,  'was 
sedition  from  beginning  to  the  end'.  State  Trials,  xxiii.  603-778.  He, 
Gerrald,  and  Sinclair  were  the  delegates  from  London  to  the  British  Con- 
vention, Browne  the  delegate  from  Sheffield  and  Leeds.  He  was  sentenced 
to  transportation  for  fourteen  years.   See  Cockburn,  op.  cit.,  ii.  1-33. 

'Collection',  No.  269. 
Oval,  3-I X2|  in. 

8508  JOSEPH  GERRALD 
/.  Kay  1794. 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  A  bust  portrait  in  profile  to  the  r.  on  a 
dark  background,  simulating  a  cameo.  Above  the  oval :  omne  solum  forti 
PATRIA.  Used  as  frontispiece  to  the  shorthand  Trial  of  Gerrald  (revised 
by  Gerrald),  published  by  James  Robertson,^  Edinburgh,  sold  in  London 

'  Printed  and  sold  for  William  Skirving  and  prefaced  by  an  Address  to  the 
Public  by  himself. 

'  Sentenced  18  Mar.  1793  to  six  months'  imprisonment  for  printing  and  pub- 
lishing a  seditious  libel.  State  Trials,  xxiii.  79  ff. 

ZI3 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

by  D.  I.  Eaton,  see  No.  8500,  and  others  (B.M.L.,  T.  108/1).  The  Preface 
ends:  'When  it  is  considered  that  in  a  matter  of  so  much  moment  to  the 
rights,  liberties,  and  privileges  of  every  Briton,  as  this  celebrated  trial 
involves  ...  it  is  presumed  that  no  blame  can  be  attached  to  the  Publisher, 
whose  aim  has  been  to  have  the  Trial  impartially  stated  and  accurately  laid 
before  the  Public'  The  trial  v^^as  on  3,  10,  13,  14  Mar.  before  Braxfield, 
Gerrald  being  sentenced  to  fourteen  years'  transportation.  He  actually 
wore  French  costume  (Cockbum,  op.  cit.  ii.  43),  not  here  depicted.  See 
ibid.  ii.  41-132.  Beneath  the  title:  A  Delegate  to  the  British  Convention 
[see  No.  8506]. 

'Collection',  No.  268. 
Oval,  3X2jin.  PI.  4II X  3/5  in- 


8509  CHARLES  SINCLAIR. 

/.  Kay  fecit  1794 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  Bust  portrait  of  a  distinguished-looking 
man  in  profile  to  the  1.,  on  a  dark  background,  simulating  a  cameo  or 
medallion.  Above  the  design :  Les  privileges  finiront,  mais  le  peuple  est 
eternel.   Beneath  the  title:  A  Delegate  to  the  British  Convention. 

See  No.  8506.  Sinclair  was  arrested  and  indicted  with  Skirving  and 
others  on  a  charge  of  sedition,  but  was  not  tried.  He  was  a  delegate  from 
the  Society  of  Constitutional  Information,  see  State  Trials,  xxv.  216-20. 
He  was  one  of  three  whom  the  Directory  intended  to  nominate  (Jan.  1798) 
as  a  'Scotch  Directory'  after  a  successful  invasion.  Hist.  MSS.  Comm., 
Dropmore  MSS.  iv.  69  f.  A  H.L.  portrait  of  Sinclair  at  the  bar  is  'Collec- 
tion', No.  187. 

'Collection',  No.  185.  Kay,  No.  ccxxxvii. 
3  X  2|  in. 


8510  CITIZEN  M.  C.  BROWNE. 

J  Kay  fed  iyg4. 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  A  bust  portrait  in  profile  to  the  r.  and  on 
a  dark  background,  simulating  a  cameo,  of  a  stout  middle-aged  and  well- 
dressed  man  wearing  spectacles.  Beneath  the  title:  Delegate  from  the 
Sheffield  &  Leeds  Cons^  Soc^  to  the  British  Convention.  Above  the  oval: 
Dulce  et  decorum  est  pro  Patria  mori. 

William  Cammage  gave  evidence  at  Thomas  Hardy's  trial  that  he  had 
taken  ,^10  from  Sheffield  and  ,^10  from  Leeds  to  Edinburgh  for  Matthew 
Campbell  Brown  (their  delegate)  apparently  for  his  defence.  State  Trials, 
xxiv.  589-90.  Said  by  Baton  to  have  introduced  most  of  the  'obnoxious 
republican  phrases'  of  the  Scottish  Convention  in  1793,  but  see  Meikle, 
Scotland  and  the  French  Revolution,  p.  144  n.  Apparently  one  of  those 
who  were  arrested  but  discharged  without  trial.  Probably  the  author  of 
the  pamphlet,  A  leaf  out  of  Burke's  Book:  being  an  epistle  to  that  Rt.  Hon. 
gentleman  in  reply  to  his  letter  to  a  Noble  Lord,  on  the  subject  of  his 
Pension,  1796  [cf.  No.  8788].  See  No.  8506. 

'Collection',  No.  186.   Kay,  No.  ccxxxi. 
Oval,  3iVX2i  in.  PI.  5x3!  in. 

113  I 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8511  ROBT  WATT 

I.K.  fecit  iyg4 

Engraving.  Oval  bust  portrait  of  Watt  in  profile  to  the  r.  He  is  neatly 
dressed,  his  hair  in  a  small  queue.  Beneath  the  oval  are  two  crossed 
pikes,  between  them  a  spear-head. 

Watt,  with  Downie,  see  No.  8512,  was  convicted  of  high  treason  in 
Edinburgh,  Aug.  and  Sept.  1794.  He  had  ordered  pikes  to  be  made 
and  some  were  discovered  in  his  house.  He  confessed  his  scheme 
for  a  simultaneous  rising  in  Edinburgh,  Dublin,  and  London,  and  was 
executed  on  15  Oct.   State  Trials,  xxiii.  1 167-1403.    See  Kay,  i.  354  n. 

'Kay's  Caricatures',  No.  200. 
4fX3^in.  Oval,  3X2  in. 

8512  DAVID  DOWNIE. 
/.  K  fecit 

Engraving.  Oval  bust  portrait  of  Downie  in  profile  to  the  1.  His  hair 
falls  on  his  coat-collar. 

Downie  was  Treasurer  to  the  'Committee  of  Ways  and  Means',  formed 
after  the  dispersal  of  the  British  Convention  to  organize  a  rising,  and  paid 
for  the  pikes  which  Watt  ordered,  see  No.  851 1.  He  was  a  respectable 
goldsmith  of  some  standing  in  Edinburgh.  He  was  found  guilty  of  high 
treason,  6  Sept. ,  but  pardoned  on  condition  of  leaving  the  British  dominions. 
State  Trials,  xxiv.  1-200. 

'Collection',  No.  188.  Kay,  No.  cxli. 
Oval,  3  X  2  in. 

8513  EDINBURGH  ROYAL  VOLUNTEERS. 
/  Kay  1794 

Engraving.  An  officer  (r.).  Col.  Patrick  Creighton  (the  adjutant),  standing 
in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  r.  arm  and  forefinger  extended,  drills  a  body  of  stout 
volunteers  who  march  (r.  to  1.)  in  a  serried  triangular  mass  in  the  middle 
distance.  Behind  (r.)  a  stout  officer.  Captain  Coulter,  stands  in  profile  to 
the  1.  with  drawn  sword.  Three  men  march  stiffiy  from  r.  to  1.  In  the 
background  a  body  of  volunteers,  described  as  the  awkward  squad,  stands 
full-face.  The  men  are  conspicuous  for  civic  portliness,  and  the  neatness 
and  uniformity  of  their  dress,  in  contrast  with  contemporary  satires  on 
English  militiamen,  &c.,  cf.  No.  8503. 

The  Edinburgh  Volunteers  were  embodied  in  1794,  paying  their  own 
expenses  and  entry-money,  the  Lord  Provost  being  Colonel  ex-officio. 
They  were  styled  the  Bellygerents  by  their  sergeant-major.  Kay,  i.  236-41 ; 
ii.  44.  The  Scottish  Volunteers,  and  especially  those  of  Edinburgh,  were 
(until  1802)  political  rather  than  military  bodies,  their  object  being  to 
repress  sedition.  Meikle,  Scotland  and  the  French  Revolution,  pp.  148, 
153-4,  2^4-  ^^  t^^s  they  resembled  the  London  Volunteers,  especially  the 
Light  Horse  Volunteers  of  London  and  Westminster,  whose  regulations 
were  used  by  the  Royal  Edinburgh  Volunteer  Cavalry.  Collyer  and 
Pocock,  Hist.  Record  of  the  Light  Horse  Volunteers,  1843,  p.  91.  (See 
No.  8476.) 

Other  etchings  by  Kay  of  Volunteers  are  Kay,  Nos.  xcviii,  cxvii,  cxxxviii, 
cclxxx,  and  Nos.  8731,  8733,  8734. 

'Collection',  No.  183.  Kay,  civ. 
7|X4|in. 

114 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

8514  A  LIST  OF  THE  REGICIDES,  WHO  VOTED  IN  THE 
NATIONAL  CONVENTION,  FOR  THE  MURDER  OF  LOUIS 
XVI.  KING  OF  FRANCE,  AND  THEIR  FATE.  [c.  Dec.  1794] 

London,  printed  for  the  Author,  by  H.  Reynell,  No.  21  Piccadilly,  and 

sold  by  S.  W.  Fores,  No.  3,  Piccadilly,  near  the  Hay-market. — Price 

three  shillings. 
Engraving,  partly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  Pasted  to  a  list  printed 
in  four  black-bordered  columns,  the  (printed)  title  as  above.  Fortune, 
blindfolded,  with  winged  feet,  pushes  her  wheel  on  the  summit  of  the 
globe,  which  emerges  from  clouds  and  is  decorated  by  three  large  fleur-de- 
lis.  She  runs  in  profile  to  the  r.,  her  draperies  floating  behind  her.  On  the 
lower  1.  circumference  of  the  wheel,  about  to  move  upwards,  are  a  crown 
and  a  cross;  on  its  summit  are  two  papers  inscribed  Tallien  and  Merlin. 
On  the  r.,  and  beginning  to  descend,  is  a  bonnet-rouge.  On  the  lower  r. 
circumference,  about  to  be  crushed,  are  papers  inscribed  Collet  d'Herbois 
and  (almost  at  the  lowest  point)  Barrere. 

Each  column  is  again  divided  into  four,  headed:  'Names',  'Departments', 
'When  arrested',  'Fate'.  Beneath  this  long  list  are  two  shorter  ones:  'A 
List  of  those,  who,  without  having  Voted  for  the  King's  Murder,  have 
made  themselves  eminent  in  the  French  Revolution,  and  have  been  recom- 
pensed', i.e.  have  been  guillotined  or  have  committed  suicide.  This  is 
followed  by  a  list  of  'French  Republican  Generals,  who  have  received  a 
reward  for  their  services,  during  the  French  Revolution'.  Most  have  been 
guillotined,  others  have  died  by  suicide  or  otherwise,  some  have  merely 
been  arrested.   'Dumourier'  appears  as  'Deserter'. 

Cf.  No.  8340.   The  last  date  is  19  Dec.  1794,  the  death  of  Isambert. 
A  supplement  is  announced  'every  Three  Months'. 
7X  i6|  in.  Whole  sheet,  34|x  19  in. 

8515  FARMER  LOOBY  MANURING  THE  LAND.  [?  1794] 
Woodcut  (coloured  impression).  George  III  stoops  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his 
breeches  lowered,  his  hands  together.  On  the  extreme  1.  is  part  of  a  tree. 
Beneath  are  printed  two  verses: 

Is  Looby  only  fit 

To  dung  the  verdant  plain  ? 

Yes,  Looby  has  got  wit 

to  sack  the  golden  grain. 

A  Toast 

May  every  Tyrant  fall  from  power  and  state, 

To  be  made  Ploughmen  quickly  be  their  fate ; 

But  that  some  care  of  these  fine  Lads  be  taken 

May  Kate  be  made  to  boil  their  broth  and  bacon. 
Kate  presumably  connotes  Catherine  II.  A  savage  attack  on  George  III, 
comparable  with  Nos.  8365,  8516.    For  the  King  as  a  farmer  cf.  No. 
6918,  &c.  A  crude  and  cheap  print  probably  sold  for  a  penny. 
5|x6Jin. 

8516  PLAN  OF  MUD  ISLAND,  OFF  THE  KINGDOM  OF 
CORSICA.  [?  1794'] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).   A  bust  of  George  III  in  an  oval  medal- 
lion, the  profile  (1.)  an  obtuse  angle,  the  face  blank,  giving  an  impression 
'  'Famine'  would  suggest  the  year  1795. 

"5 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

of  complacent  imbecility.  The  background  is  shaded  to  simulate  a  cameo. 
From  behind  the  medallion  two  figures  look  out:  Averice  (1.),  a  hag  with 
pendent  breasts  and  serpents  for  hair,  leans  forward  in  profile  to  the  1., 
holding  up  a  money-bag.  On  the  r.  is  Famine,  a  thin  man  wearing  a  shroud ; 
both  are  shouting. 

This  is  described  by  Huish  as  one  of  the  most  severe  caricatures  against 
the  King  ever  published;  'not  more  than  twenty  copies  .  .  .  were  sold,  the 
plate  having  been  privately  purchased'.  (See,  however,  No.  8365,  &c.)  It 
satirizes  the  occupation  of  Corsica  in  1794  and  the  acceptance  of  the  offer 
of  the  crown  to  George  III  (when  he  was  solemnly  proclaimed  King).  It 
was  evacuated  in  Oct.  1796.  See  J.  H,  Rose,  Pitt  and  Napoleon,  1912, 
pp.  60  ff.,  and  Nos.  8496,  8599,  8626,  9157,  9231.  For  discontent  in 
England  cf.  Nos.  8500,  8664,  &c.  For  the  King's  supposed  avarice  see 
No.  7836,  &c.  For  a  similar  attack  on  the  King  cf.  No.  8652. 
5HX7jin.  (pi.).   Oval,  4iX3f  in. 

8517  LE  CHARLATAN  POLITIQUE  OU  LE  LEOPARD  APPRI- 
VOISfi.  [c.  1794] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  French  print.  On  the  sea-shore  the 
English  leopard  {U Angleterre)  stands  on  a  platform  which  rests  on  a  pile 
of  casks  and  bales.  On  his  back  sit  the  royal  family.  His  nose  is  held  by 
Pitt,  who  stands  (1.)  on  high  stilts  and  in  his  1.  hand  extends  horizontally 
a  long  sceptre.  Pitt,  the  leopard,  and  its  riders  are  burlesqued;  the 
animal's  tail  extends  to  the  margin  of  the  design,  and  nine  members  of  the 
family  are  supported  on  it.  Pitt  is  very  thin ;  his  hair  rises  on  his  head  in 
terror  (cf.  No.  8434).  George  sits  next  the  animal's  neck,  wearing  spurred 
riding-boots  and  a  crown,  which  is  falling  from  his  head ;  he  flourishes  a 
staff  with  the  head,  cap,  and  bells  of  a  fool,  turning  his  head  in  profile  with 
a  melancholy  expression.  Charlotte  Femme  de  George  sits  beside  him,  full- 
face,  hunched  together  with  folded  arms;  her  fingers  are  sharp  talons. 
Next,  straight  and  lank,  his  feet  nearly  reaching  the  ground,  is  Yorck,  weep- 
ing copiously,  a  finger  to  his  eye ;  he  holds  with  his  1.  hand  the  hilt  of  a 
large  sword  whose  point  is  bent  up  in  a  hook  (cf.  No.  8341).  Behind  him 
sits  astride  the  Femme  d'  Yorck.  Next  sits  the  [Prince]  de  Galle  wearing 
a  large  hat,  less  caricatured  and  less  distressed  than  the  others.  The 
remaining  nine  on  the  leopard's  tail  are  styled  les  Enfans  de  George  [bis], 
and  have  little  relation  to  the  age  or  sex  of  the  princes  and  princesses.  The 
first  and  third  wear  long  trousers  and  gnaw  at  large  ( .'')  loaves  with  fang- 
like teeth.  The  second  is  a  young  woman  drinking  from  a  bottle ;  the  fourth 
resembles  her  on  a  smaller  scale ;  the  fifth  is  a  boy  drinking  from  a  bottle. 
Behind  him  sits  a  boy  in  trousers  gnawing  a  loaf.  The  last  three  are  naked 
infants,  one  with  a  bottle,  one  with  a  loaf.  All  the  royal  children  except 
the  Prince  of  Wales  have  long  ass's  ears. 

The  bales  and  casks  which  support  the  leopard  are  spilling  out  their 
contents.  On  the  ground,  1.  and  r.,  are  two  brawny  Frenchmen,  each 
inscribed  Sans-culotte  Franpais,  not  caricatured,  but  wearing  sabots,  a 
bonnet-rouge,  and  having  the  naked  thighs  of  the  sansculottes  in  English 
caricature.  One  (1.)  kneels  in  profile  to  the  r.,  sawing  through  one  of  Pitt's 
stilts.  The  other  (r.)  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  hauling  a  rope  which  is 
attached  to  a  bale  supporting  the  leopard's  platform.  Two  other  sans- 
culottes in  the  middle  distance  approach  the  sea,  one  carrying  a  bale,  the 
other  rolling  a  barrel.  A  boat  waits  to  take  the  goods  to  a  ship  in  full  sail : 

116 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1794 

Vaisseau  de  la  Ripublique  Franpaise.  She  is  of  a  curious  square  shape,  the 
head  of  Liberty  symbolizing  the  French  Republic  forming  the  bows. 

The  date  is  evidently  before  the  marriage  of  the  Prince  of  Wales.  The 
Duke  of  York  mourns  military  disasters,  see  No.  8496,  &c.  For  the 
theme  of  the  imbecile  King  and  the  domineering  Minister  cf.  No.  8464,  &c. 
For  the  (supposed)  loss  of  commerce  cf.  Nos.  5724,  5726,  5859,  &c.  (Dutch 
and  French  prints  on  the  American  War.) 

de  Vinck,  No.  4388. 

L'Echafaudage  pret  a  crouler  de  la  puissance  brittanique,  Blum,  No.  599, 
is  a  similar  subject  ( ?  the  same  with  another  title).    Chaudet,  the  artist, 
was  ordered  by  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety,  7  Germinal,  An  II,  a 
payment  of  1,440  livres  for  1,200  impressions. 
18x23!  in. 

8518  FOX  ET  PITT. 
dess.  a  Londres.   Grave  a  Paris  par  Adam 

a  Paris  Chez  Depeuille  Rue  des  Mathurins  S^  Jaque.    Deposse  ala 
Biblioteque  [sic].  [}  1794] 

Stipple.  Design  in  a  circle.  Profile  masks  of  Fox  (1.)  and  Pitt  (r.),  back 
to  back.  Fox,  scarcely  caricatured  but  a  poor  portrait,  smiles ;  Pitt,  carica- 
tured, weeps  with  drawn-down  mouth.   Beneath  the  title : 

//  est  bien  terns  Mons  Pitt  de  pleurer  quand  Fox  rit. 
Uorsque  les  Franpais  de  tot  seront  en  face 

Bon  Dieu  qu'elle  grimace 
feras-tu  done  alors?  quel  sera  ton  depit! 

Trompe  dans  ton  attente, 
Pour  ton  pays,  qu'en  resultera  fil? 
Une  descente, 
Ainsi-soit-il. 
The  satire  may  relate  to  a  vague  threat  of  invasion,  such  as  that  of  1794 
(see  No.  8432),  and  to  British  disasters,  cf.  No.  8496.    For  the  reactions 
of  the  Opposition  to  victory  and  defeat  cf.  No.  9248,  &c. 

de  Vinck,  No.  4383.  Outline  copy,  reversed,  Jaime,  ii,  PL  55  bis. 
Diam.  4^!  in. 


117 


1794 
PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES 

85 19  BLESS  THEE  BOTTOM,  BLESS  THEE— THOU  ART  TRANS- 
LATED 

Shakespere 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 
Pub^JarC  1 1 794  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving.  Bottom  sits  in  an  arm-chair  directed  to  the  1.,  wearing  spectacles 
on  his  ass's  forehead.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  piece  of  charcoal  in  a  holder,  in 
his  1.  is  a  paper,  which  he  is  studying.  Above  his  head  is  etched  Apollo. 
On  the  1.  stands  a  man  looking  over  Bottom's  shoulder,  his  fists  clenched. 
Behind  (r.)  two  students  (seated)  draw  from  the  antique,  a  nude  male 
statue  on  a  pedestal  just  above  the  level  of  their  heads.  Below  the  title: 

W — hen  Phidias  or  Raphael  shall  chuse  to  repair, 
I — ncog  to  our  fine  modern  Artists'  f am' d  School, 
L — ost  in  wonder  to  see  stuck  in  Genius's  Chair 
T — he  Block  which  now  fills  it)  a  formal  old  Fool — 
O — -ff  again  with  this  sneering  Remark  they  will  go 
N — o  marvel  your  Pupils  old  Friend  are  so  so" 

yp 

Wilton,  the  sculptor  (1722-1803),  indicated  by  the  acrostic,  was  Keeper 
of  the  Royal  Academy  from  1790  till  his  death.  The  standing  man  has 
been  identified  (A.  de  R.  iv.  129)  as  'Secretary'.  John  Inigo  Richards  (see 
D.N.B.)  was  Secretary  to  the  R.A.  By  the  'Instrument'  of  Institution 
(1768)  the  Keeper  was  (and  is)  in  charge  of  the  Schools  of  Design. 
W.  Sandby,  Hist,  of  the  Royal  Academy,  1862,  i.  51. 
9Jx8|in.  ^ 

8520  DIOGENES  ALIAS  A.   B   IN  TON  LOOKING  FOR  AN 
HONEST  LAWYER!!! 

I.C  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  by  P.  Roberts  28  Middle-Row,  Holborn  [?  1794^] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  well-dressed  man  (not  caricatured) 
stands  holding  out  a  lantern  in  his  1.  hand.  He  turns  his  head  in  profile 
to  the  r.,  his  r.  hand  extended.  He  wears  a  round  hat,  swathed  neck- 
cloth, double-breasted  waistcoat,  long  closely  fitting  breeches  with  half- 
boots. 

Lord  Abingdon  made  a  speech  on  17  June  1794  on  'Pettifogging 
Attornies',  a  tirade  against  Mr.  Thomas  Sermon,  who  had  declined  to 
continue  to  act  as  his  solicitor  ('black  as  this  qui  tarn  gent,  is  ...  he  is 
not  half  so  black  as  those  rotten  limbs  of  the  law  .  .  .  who  have  aided  and 
assisted  him  .  .  .  but  let  them  and  him  know,  that  unprofessional  as  I  am, 
they  will  find  me  more  than  a  match  for  them').  This  he  sent  to  the  news- 
papers, some  of  which  printed  it,  in  one  case  at  a  charge  of  £^.  4s.  od.  He 
was  tried  on  a  criminal  information  in  the  King's  Bench,  Erskine  appear- 

'  The  imprint  may  have  been  added  later. 
118 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1794 

ing  for  Sermon.    He  was  convicted  (6  Dec.  1794)  and  on  12  Jan.  was 
sentenced  to  three  months'  imprisonment  in  the  King's  Bench  and  a  fine 
of  ;^ioo.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  932-5;  Lond.  Chron.  5  July  1794,  &c. 
ii|X7iin. 

852 1  SYMPTOMS  OF  LEWDNESS,  OR  A  PEEP  INTO  THE  BOXES. 

IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  May  2d^  1794  ^y  ^'  W-  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  zvho  has 

just  fitted  up  his  Exhibition  in  an  Entire  Novel  Stile  admittance  j** 

NB  folios  of  Caracature  lent  out 

Engraving.  Lady  Buckinghamshire  (1.)  (formerly  Mrs.  Hobart,  see  vol.  vi) 
and  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  (r.)  seated  in  an  opera  box,  indicated  only  by  the 
ledge  on  which  the  latter  rests  her  1.  hand,  which  holds  an  opera  glass. 
Both  wear  dresses  whose  decolletage  shows  the  breasts  and  reaches  a  point 
at  or  below  the  waist,  and  both  wear  trellis-work  necklaces ;  from  that  of 
Mrs.  Fitzherbert  hangs  a  miniature  of  the  Prince  of  Wales.  They  wear 
caps  trimmed  with  a  single  ostrich  feather  curling  forwards  over  the  face. 
Mrs.  Fitzherbert  gazes  fixedly  to  the  1. ;  in  her  1.  hand  is  a  play-bill :  All  for 
Love  .  ...  As  you  like  it.  Lady  Buckinghamshire,  who  partly  covers  her 
decolletage  with  a  fan,  turns  her  head  in  profile  to  the  r.,  looking  fixedly 
at  her  companion.  After  the  title :  NB  in  a  few  days  will  be  given  a  Peep 
into  the  Pit  the  Naked  Bodies  of  those  women  who  had  committed  suicide  in 
Rome  were  Exhibited  as  a  Public  spectacle,  this  had  such  an  effect  on  the 
Delicacy  of  the  roman  Ladies  that  suicide  was  ever  after  unknown  among  them. 
No  so  with  the  Engish  Ladies;  instead  of  being  shocked  at  the  sight  of  each 
others  Naked  Body  they  strive  who  shall  shew  most  of  their  own. 

Cf.  No.  8571,  &c.  For  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  and  All  for  Love  cf.  No.  6930. 
9Xi3|in. 


8522  THE  TETBURY  DUEL  OR  THE  BULLY  BROUGHT  DOWN 

Cruikshank  iyg4 

London  Pub  Oct^  ly  1794  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  and  to  be 
had  at  Tetbury  Glouster  and  every  Town  in  the  County 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  on  a  race-course,  horses  gallop- 
ing in  the  background.  Amused  spectators  crowd  to  watch  a  duel :  a  man 
in  riding-dress  (r.)  lies  on  his  back,  his  smoking  pistol  falling  from  his 
hand,  saying,  /  have  not  Killed  him  by  God.  In  the  middle  distance  a  man 
stands  full-face,  his  arms  folded,  a  cocked  pistol  in  his  r.  hand,  saying, 
with  a  smile:  Don't  be  frightened  Squire  Stand  up  like  a  Man  &  receive 
my  fire.  Two  balls  fly  past  his  head.  The  spectators  are  in  rows  bordering 
the  line  of  fire.  On  the  r.  are  four  mounted  men,  the  nearest  a  jockey, 
saying,  he  has  got  the  staggers.  On  the  1.  the  nearest  figure  is  a  grotesque 
jockey  with  a  profile  like  that  of  Punch,  his  saddle  slung  from  his  shoulders, 
who  stands  grinning  down  at  the  fallen  duellist.  Behind  him  is  a  man  on 
horseback  saying,  The  coward  woiCd  have  Twenty  Paces!!!.  Other  men 
peer  forward. 

In  the  background  is  a  scene  which  explains  the  quarrel.   The  'Squire' 
kneels  with  clasped  hands  at  the  feet  of  his  antagonist,  who  raises  his  whip. 

119 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

A  lady  takes  the  latter's  arm.  The  kneeling  man  says :  /  humbly  ask  this 
Lady's  Pardon  &  if  you  will  forgive  me  this  time,  I  will  never  do  so  any  more. 

'Brought  down*  appears  to  be  a  pun  on  the  duellist's  name. 
8Jxi4f  in. 

8523  A  LACK  WATER  CANAL  [c.  Feb.  1794] 
[?  L  Cruikshank.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  On  each  side  of  a  canal  stands  a  parson 
holding  aside  his  gown  to  direct  a  gush  of  water  into  the  canal,  on  which 
is  a  masted  barge  drawn  by  a  team  of  horses.  They  face  each  other  in  profile. 
One  (1.)  says:  If  we  cannot  use  the  Springs  of  the  Irk  we  will  use  Our  Own. 
Behind  him  a  signpost  points  (r.)  to  East  ham.  The  other  says:  We  defy 
the  Mill  Owners!  Brother  we  must  have  a  Patent.  Behind  him  is  a  sign- 
post: To  i?oc/i</flfe.  In  the  background  (1.)  is  a  ruinous  church.  Beneath  the 
title:  A  new  mode  of  Supplying  a  Canal  with  water  where  it  cannot  be 
obtained  without  Injuring  the  Mill  Owners. 

The  Rochdale  Canal  Bill  was  petitioned  against  by  owners  of  mills  on 
the  Roach,  Irwell,  and  Irk.  The  Bill  was  supported  by  petitions  of 
'Gentlemen,  Clergy  .  .  .'  and  mill-owners;  it  was  passed  on  4  Apr.  1794. 
Commons  Journals,  xlix.  20,  156,  162,  265  (24  Jan.,  12,  13  Feb.,  3  Mar. 
1794).  Cf.  No.  9 13 1,  &c. 
6|X9iin. 

8524  PARSONIC  PIETY 
IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  Jan  20  1794^  by  SW  Fores  N^  Piccadilly  where  may  be 
seen  a  compleate  model  of  the  Guilotine,  the  Head  and  hand  of  Count 
Streuenzee  &  the  Largest  Collection  of  Caracaturs  in  the  World 
Engraving.  A  design  in  two  compartments.  On  the  1.  is  the  interior  of 
a  church,  the  pulpit  in  the  foreground  (1.)  with  the  head  of  the  clerk  below. 
In  the  background  are  the  pews  in  the  body  of  the  church  and  a  gallery 
with  a  congregation  (freely  sketched).  A  good-looking  young  parson  stands 
in  the  pulpit,  his  eyes  raised  sanctimoniously.  Beneath  the  design:  Good 
Precepts  \  do  as  I  say. 

On  the  r.  the  parson,  very  drunk  and  dishevelled,  is  leaving  a  brothel, 
his  arm  round  the  waist  of  a  prostitute  with  whom  he  has  exchanged  hats. 
He  flourishes  a  cane ;  his  pockets  hang  out  empty ;  from  them  fall  playing- 
cards  and  a  Book  of  Common  Prayer.  The  girl  has  picked  his  pocket  and 
holds  out  his  watch  and  seals  to  a  woman  in  the  open  doorway  (r.)  behind 
her.  Over  the  door :  Dealer  in  Spiritual  Liquor,  and  beside  it :  Lodging  for 
Gentlemen.  In  the  background  under  an  arcade  which  indicates  the  Piazza, 
Covent  Garden,  a  watchman  walks  with  a  lantern.  Beneath  the  design: 
But  bad  Examples  \  — fwt  as  I  do — .  No.  9647  has  the  same  title. 
8|Xi4|in. 

8525  THE  FLESH  AND  THE  SPIRIT. 
[I,  Cruikshank.] 

Pub^  Sepr  26  1794  by  S  W  Fores  A^"  3  Piccadilly 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).    A  very  fat  man  sits  (1.)  at  a  dinner- 
table  holding  a  knife  and  fork  and  about  to  take  a  mouthful.    He  gazes 
'  The  4  may  have  been  etched  over  another  figure. 
120 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1794 

apprehensively  at  his  wife  (r.),  who  has  risen  from  the  table,  overthrowing 
her  chair  and  a  bottle  of  Gin  whose  contents  stream  to  the  ground.  She 
leans  forward,  clenching  her  outstretched  r.  fist,  a  glass  in  her  1.  hand, 
shouting,  You  Think  indeed!!  You  Brute,  I  wonder  at  your  Impudence,  never 
was  so  Mild  so  Meek  a  Temprd  Woman  so  III  used  as  I  am,  &  all  because 
I'm  the  most  Tender  Affectionate  Wife  living,  but  I  wont  be  treated  so  I  wont 
no,  ril  tear  your  Eyes  out  first,  I  know  what  you  want,  to  set  me  in  a  Passion 
you  do,  but  I  wont  be  in  a  Passion  to  please  you,  you  Cross  III  Temperd 
Quarrelsome,  Passionate  Wretch.  On  the  table  are  a  joint  of  beef  (opposite 
the  man),  pudding,  a  bottle  of  Brandy  (next  the  woman).  On  the  ground 
at  her  feet  are  a  broken  glass  and  a  knife.  They  face  each  other  in  profile, 
as  do  the  couple  in  a  picture  behind  her  head:  a  virago  (r.)  threatens  a  thin 
and  trembling  man  with  a  broom. 
8|xi3in. 

8526  THE  SPECIOUS  ORATOR. 
R.  Dighton.  1794. 

Pub  by  R  Dighton  March  25  1794 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  H.L.  portrait  of  Christie  standing  in 
his  auctioneer's  rostrum,  the  upper  part  of  which  forms  the  base  of  the 
design.  He  leans  insinuatingly  to  the  1.,  his  head  in  profile,  spectacles  on 
his  forehead,  his  hammer  delicately  raised.  Beneath  the  design:  Will  your 
ladyship  do  me  the  honor  to  say  £50-000  \  — a  mere  trifle — a  brilliant  of 
the  first  water.  \  an  unheard  of  price  for  such  a  lot,  surely.  Cf.  No.  6101 
(1782). 

Reproduced,  H.  C.  Marillier,  "Christie's"  1766  to  1925,  1926,  p.  xu; 
H.  M.  Hake,  Print  Collector's  Quarterly,  xiii.  136. 
6|X5|in. 

8527  HAMLET  IN  SCOTLAND. 

Drawn  &  Etc¥  by  R  Dighton.  12  Charing  Cross  Pu¥  Dec*  &■  1794. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  enormously  fat  Stephen  Kemble, 
as  Hamlet,  gesticulates,  r.  arm  extended,  1.  arm  thrown  back,  fingers  (very 
large)  pointing  awkwardly ;  his  head  is  turned  in  profile  to  the  1.  He  wears 
quasi-contemporary  dress,  much  dishevelled,  with  a  star  and  ribbon  from 
which  hangs  the  elephant  of  the  Danish  order.  Beneath  the  title :  A  Large 

manager  in  a  Great  Character that  I  have  thought  some  of  nature's 

journeymen  had  made  men,  and  not  made  them  well;  they  imitated  humanity 
so  abominably. 

Stephen  Kemble,  after  quarrels  over  the  tenancy  of  Edinburgh  theatres, 
opened  the  Theatre  Royal  on  18  Jan.  1794  when  John  Kemble  played 
Hamlet.  Stephen  rarely  appeared,  though  he  played  Hamlet  when  eighteen 
stone.  D.N.B. 
7ix6|in. 

8528  A  SCENE  IN  SOMERSET  HOUSE. 
[Ceilings  del.,  Barlow  f.] 

Engraved  for  the  Carlton  House  Magazine.  [i  Oct.  1794] 

Engraving.    A  reissue  of  the  1.  part  of  No.  7831  (1791).    The  scene  in 
revolutionary  Paris  serves  as  the  representation  of  a  quarrel  between  artists 
at  the  exhibition  of  the  Royal  Academy. 
6^X4^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448  (iii.  327). 

121 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8529  PORTRAITS  OF  THE  BELLMEN  IN  THE  WONDERFUL 
MAGAZINE— Part  II.  [1794] 

Woodcut.  From  The  Wonderful  Magazine,  v.  275.  Fourteen  W.L.  figures, 
as  in  No.  8375,  all  in  profile  to  the  r. :  A  Nut-Cracker  (labourer  with  a  nut- 
cracker profile),  A  Hogs  Friend  (a  Jew),  Old  Lingo  (hump-backed),  Sam 
Soak,  The  Gallant  Welchman,  Death's  Harbinger  (a  quack  doctor).  Dame 
Clackit,  Poor,  Dame  Clackit,  Rich,  Simon  Snip  (a  tailor),  A  Dull  Dutchman, 
An  Old  Codger,  The  Musical  Wonder  (holding  two  violins),  A  Well  Known 
News-man  (with  a  sheaf  of  the  Wonderful  [Magazine]),  The  Giant  of  the 
Bank  (larger  than  the  other  figures):  he  is  'Mr  Jenkins,  the  celebrated 
bank  clerk'  (pp.  450-1). 
11^X17^  in. 

8530  [FOX  AS  BELLMAN.]  [1794] 
Woodcut  on  cover  of  No.  51,  The  New  Wonderful  Magazine,  a  reissue  of 
The  Wonderful  Magazine,  where  the  print  of  Fox  appears  to  have  illustrated 
No.  14.  Beside  the  print  are  verses  spoken,  not  by  Fox,  but  by  Peter  Pindar 
as  bellman ;  they  include  the  lines : 

"I,  who  was  Con,  mean,  do  you  see. 
Pro  Rege,  for  the  King  to  be  [cf.  No.  7399]- 
For  Fox's  verses  see  Wonderful  Magazine,  ii.  364-5.    The  woodcut  is 

from  the  same  block  as  No.  8375,  also  used  in  No.  8622.  Cf.  No.  8989. 

Cover  ( ?  cropped),  8|  X  5I  in. 

8531  ENGLISH  CURIOSITY  OR  THE  FOREIGNER  STARED  OUT 
OF  COUNTENANCE. 

Rowlandson  1794 

Pu¥  Jariy  I.  1794  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly,  where  may  be  had 
all  Rowlandson' s  Works 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  German  soldier  sits  in  the  front  row 
of  a  theatre  gallery,  his  hands  in  a  muflF.  He  has  moustaches,  wears  a  high 
fur  cap,  a  cloak,  the  braided  tunic  of  a  hussar,  and  looks  fixedly  to  the  r. 
with  a  contemptuous  frown.  Those  sitting  in  the  same  row  turn  their 
heads  to  look  at  him ;  a  stout  man  on  the  extreme  r.  starts  through  a  glass ; 
those  behind  stand  and  stare.   Some  of  those  seated  below  look  up. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  322,  323  (reproduction). 
7X8fin. 

8532  NEW  SHOES. 
Rowlandson  lygs 

Pu¥  I  .  .  .  1794  by  S  W  Fores  No  3  Piccadilly. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  a  dairy.  A  young  under- 
graduate (I.)  stoops  low,  cap  in  hand,  to  admire  the  shoes  of  a  pretty  young 
woman,  who  pulls  up  her  petticoats  to  display  her  legs.  Her  breast  is 
uncovered.  Beside  her  is  a  slightly  damaged  pitcher.  A  cat  drinks  from 
a  bowl  of  cream  on  a  shelf.  Her  back  is  towards  a  casement  window 
through  which  an  elderly  man  peers  angrily. 
Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  320,  324. 

'Caricatures',  ix.  9. 
'  Publication  line  partly  cut  off. 
122 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1794 
Two  designs  on  one  plate 

8533  LUXURY. 

T  Rowlandson 

Pu¥  Dee  20^^  1794  by  SW  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  young  couple  sit  in  a  large  curtained 
bed;  the  man  embraces  the  pretty  woman.    Both  hold  cups;  a  maid- 
servant (1.)  (disregarded)  hands  them  food  on  a  small  dish.  The  head  of 
the  bed  and  the  curtains  form  the  background. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  185-6  (reproduction),^  p.  325. 
5|x8|in. 

8534  MISERY 

T  Rowlandson 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  men  cling  desperately  to  a  broken 
mast  floating  in  a  rough  sea. 

Grego,  ut  supra. 
5|x8|  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  4. 

8535  AN  OLD  MAID  IN  SEARCH  OF  A  FLEA. 
Rowlandson  G.  M.  Woodward  Im^ 
Published  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  SepV  25.  iyg4 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  lean  old  woman  in  night-cap  and 
shift  sits  in  an  arm-chair  pouncing  on  an  insect  on  her  upraised  knee.  A 
cat  sits  on  the  arm  of  the  chair.  Bedroom  furniture  and  utensils,  with 
clothes  thrown  to  the  floor,  are  in  the  foreground.  The  bed-curtains 
form  a  background.  Four  lines  of  verse  beneath  the  title  begin : 
On  record  Bold  Flea  with  Columbus  youll  stand, 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  320,  324. 

'Caricatures',  vii.  3. 

8536  JEWS  AT  A  LUNCHEON.  OR  A  PEEP  INTO  DUKES  PLACE 

[?  1794] 
[Rowlandson.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  elderly  and  bearded  Jews,  T.Q.L., 
are  seated  facing  each  other  across  the  table,  greedily  expectant,  while  a 
third  (r.)  stands  to  carve  a  sucking-pig.  Beside  the  table  (r.)  is  a  wine- 
cooler  holding  six  bottles.  For  Duke's  Place  cf.  No.  5468. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  324-5.   Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Juden  in  Kari- 
katur,  1 92 1,  p.  47. 
7|Xio|in. 

8537  THE  BREAKFAST.  ]  SYMPTOMS  OF  DROWSINESS. 

H.  Bunbury  Esq*  Delin*  W.  Dickinson  Excudit 

London,  Published  March  5**  1794  by  John  Jeffryes  Ludgate  Hill 

Stipple.  Sportsmen  in  a  bare  breakfast  parlour,  with  a  small  round  table 
on  which  are  tea-pot  and  cups,  a  loaf,  and  a  wine-bottle.  A  stout  man  (1.) 
sits  beside  the  table,  holding  a  wine-glass,  his  r.  hand  on  a  dog's  head; 

'  Describing  an  impression  published  7  Mar.  1786  by  E.  Jackson,  14  Maryle- 
bone  Street,  Golden  Square. 

123 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

a  boy  kneels  at  his  feet  fastening  on  spurs ;  a  yawning  valet  dresses  his  hair. 
He  talks  to  a  man  standing  on  the  extreme  1.,  holding  his  hat  and  whip. 
Another  man,  a  whip  under  his  arm,  stands  at  the  table  cutting  a  piece  of 
bread.  A  short  man  sits  with  his  back  to  the  table  examining  the  lock  of 
his  gun.  Two  men  enter  from  the  r.,  yawning  violently.  A  pair  of  coupled 
dogs  (r.)  prance  in  their  eagerness  to  start.  On  the  wall  and  hanging  from 
the  ceiling  are  antlers,  a  bird  in  a  cage,  a  ( ?)  saddle,  a  game-bag,  a  pair 
of  pistols,  a  hat  and  whip,  a  fowling-piece.  A  companion  print  to  No.  8538. 
Reissued  with  the  imprint  Published  April  21,  1803.  by  Jn"  Harris  N"  3 
Sweetings  Alley,  Cornhill,  &  8,  Old  Broad  Street,  London 
i3|Xi7fin. 

8538  THE  DINNER.  |  SYMPTOMS  OF  EATING  &  DRINKING.^ 

Stipple.  A  companion  print  to  No.  8537.  Five  men  and  two  ladies  seated 
at  a  dinner-table.  The  host  (1.)  holds  a  curiously  shaped  goblet;  a  footman 
stands  at  his  elbow  with  a  salver.  The  man  on  his  r.  takes  wine  with  the 
lady  at  the  foot  of  the  table  (r.),  on  whose  r.  a  fat  woman  sits  holding  up 
a  wine-glass.  On  the  hostess's  1.  a  parson  ( ?)  in  back- view  is  carving ;  a 
footman  stands  with  a  plate.  The  two  other  men  sit  (full-face)  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  table.  Behind  them  a  butler  stands  at  a  side-table. 
On  the  wall  are  three  sporting  pictures:  a  huntsman  about  to  mount  is 
flanked  by  circular  pictures  of  fox-hounds.  In  the  foreground  (c.)  two 
small  dogs  greet  each  other,  a  terrier  and  a  clipped  poodle  or  lap-dog. 
iSfxiyf  in. 

8539  ST  BRUNO  REPROVING  HIS  DISCIPLES. 
H.  Bunbury  Esq^  del^ 

Published  as  the  Act  directs  June  i^  1794  by  J.  Jones  N"  74  Great 
Portland  Street 

Stipple,  resembling  a  pencil  drawing.  St.  Bernard,  a  circular  halo  above 
his  head,  stands  with  admonitory  upraised  thumb  addressing  two  shame- 
faced men  who,  like  himself,  wear  monk's  robes;  behind  the  Saint  is  a 
seated  dog.  In  the  background  are  three  other  monks.  Two  doorways,  one 
gothic,  are  indicated. 
Si^gXS^in. 

8540  A  CONVERSATION  IN  THE  TUILERIES^ 

Stipple,  resembling  a  pencil  drawing.  A  scene  of  the  ancien  regime :  two 
elaborately  dressed  Frenchmen  wearing  swords  stand  chapeau-bras,  facing 
each  other  in  profile;  one  (1.)  wears  a  ribbon  and  rests  his  hands  on  a  long 
cane.  A  monk  (1.)  walks  off  in  profile  to  the  1.  A  stout  elderly  lady  (r.) 
holding  a  fan  walks  off  to  the  r. 
4i^X7tin. 

8541  THE  EFFECTS  OF  FLATTERY.' 

Designed  by  G.M.  Woodward  Etched  by  I.  Cruikshank 

Published  June  i^  iyg4  by  S.W.  Fores  N"     Piccadilly 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).   Eight  pairs  of  persons  in  conversation, 
arranged  in  two  rows,  words  etched  above  the  head  of  the  speaker.   The 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  8537. 

*  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  8539.  ^  PI.  i  in  A.  de  R.  iv.  152-3. 

124 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1794 

flatterer  gains  approval  or  material  benefit  from  his  (or  her)  words,  how- 
ever gross  the  flattery.  Appearance,  charm,  judgement  of  horsemanship, 
literary  merit,  generosity  (in  a  miser)  are  praised.  One  of  a  set  of  similar 
designs,  see  Nos.  8542-5,  8780,  8802,  8838,  8925-8,  8977, 9104-9, 9313-14, 
9416,  9418, 9529,  p.  617,  9643-8.  Later  impressions  are  numbered  serially 
and  were  grouped  in  'volumes'.  Nine  other  plates  (not  in  B.M.)  of  the 
series  are  in  A.  de  R.  (three  of  1794,  six  of  1796,  one  of  1797). 
I2ixi8|in. 


8542  [THE  EFFECTS  OF  HOPE!    PI.  2 

G.  M.  Woodward  DelM  [I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Publish- d  Novemr  i^  iyg4  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly. y 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  pairs  of  persons  in  conversation, 
arranged  in  two  rows,  words  etched  above  the  head  of  the  speaker,  e.g.  a 
doctor  hopes  his  gouty  patient  is  better,  the  patient  hopes  the  doctor  has 
not  come  for  his  bill;  a  gardener  (in  blue  apron  and  over-sleeves)  hopes 
to  be  paid  that  trifle  for  Gardening,  the  employer  hopes  to  see  him  in  the 
round  house.  One  of  a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
i2|x  i8|  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  45. 


8543  [THE  EFFECTS  OF  FALSHOOD.    PI.  5. 

G.  M.  Woodward  Delin.  [I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Pu¥  Novemr  j*'  1794  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly.]^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  pairs  of  persons  in  conversation, 
arranged  as  in  No.  8541  above.  The  boasts  of  a  soldier,  a  traveller,  of  a 
dissenting  minister  (who  says,  I  preaches  and  I  knows  things,  I  prophesys 
and  all  things  comes  as  I  says!  the  times  are  dismall  and  somthing  must  come 
to  pass)  are  believed ;  so  are  the  false  vows  or  threats  of  lovers  (three).  The 
others  are  a  fashionable  attorney  or  banker  who  says  (to  his  pupil's  mother) : 
/  dont  get  a  farthing  by  the  articles, — pon  honor!,  and  an  artisan  who  tells 
his  wife  (who  has  a  spinning-wheel)  a  tall  story.  One  of  a  set,  see  No. 
8541,  &c. 
1 1 1 X  1 8  in.  '  Caricatures',  viii.  44. 


8544  [THE  EFFECTS  OF  PROSPERITY.     Vol.  I.  PL  6. 

G.  M.  Woodward  Delin.  [I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Published  Novenf  V^  1794  by  S.  W.  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly.]^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  couples  or  groups  of  three 
arranged  as  in  No.  8541 ,  &c.  An  obsequious  clerical  tutor  recognizes  Nobility 
in  the  undistinguished  features  of  a  boy  who  is  heir  to  a  dukedom;  a 
doctor  who  has  become  fashionable  refuses  to  dine  with  an  old  friend. 
A  bookseller  assures  an  elderly  woman  of  title  that  her  name  is  alone  sufficient 
to  make  her  maiden  effort  go  through  a  dozen  editions.    A  man  who  is 

'  Title  and  imprint  from  A.  de  R.  iv.  162-3. 

*  Ibid.  iv.  156-7.  3  Ibid.  iv.  158-9. 

125 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

turned  Gentleman  finds  himself  forced  to  dine  not  earlier  than  5  o'clock. 
A  couple  of  cockneys  walk  arm  in  arm :  What  with  the  Prize  in  the  Lottery 
and  the  snug  Box  at  Islington  I  defy  all  Thames  Street  to  know  either  I  or 
my  Vife.  One  of  a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
I2X  i8|  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  32. 

8545  [THE  EFFECTS  OF  ADVERSITY.     Vol.  I.  PI.  7. 

G.  M.  Woodward  Delin.  I  C  [Cniikshank.] 

Pu¥  Nov  i^  iyg4  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly. Y 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  pairs  of  persons  arranged  as  in 
No.  8541,  e.g.  a  poetaster  in  rags  solicits  a  subscription  to  a  small  Ode 
to  Benevolence;  an  author's  manuscript  is  rejected  because  he  is  unknown 
in  the  Fashionable  World.  A  young  woman  is  taken  to  the  watch-house 
by  a  watchman  who  answers  her  plea  for  help :  Yes  III  help  you  to  go  before 
his  honor  at  the  Watch  house  and  would  not  let  you  slip  off  for  two  shillings 
[cf.  No.  7810].   For  the  set  see  No.  8541,  &c. 

Two  other  plates  of  the  same  set  are  dated  1  Nov.  1794:  The  Effects  of 
Disappointment.  PI.  3  (A.  de  R.  iv.  164) ;  The  Effects  of  Truth.  PL  4  (A.  de  R. 
iv.  154). 
12 J X  i8|  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  53. 


8546  PRETTY  PORTRAITS 

Plate  first 
IC^  [Cniikshank.] 
Lond**  Pub  May  3, 17  94"^  by  SW  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  who  has  fitted 

up  his  Exhibition  in  an  Entire  Novel  stile  admittance  one  shilling. 

NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent  out. 

Engraving.  A  design  in  eight  compartments  arranged  in  two  rows,  each 
containing  an  approximately  H.L.  figure.  These  are  caricatured  and  in 
character  resemble  figures  in  A  Rout,  No.  7746.  [i]  Cupid's  Drummer. 
A  man  wearing  a  coat  with  epaulettes  stands  chapeau-bras  in  profile  to  the 
r.,  his  aquiline  profile  caricatured.  [2]  Ther's  a  shew.  A  fat  lady  seated  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  with  a  grotesquely  projecting  nose,  looks  with  pleasure  at 
her  hand  of  cards.  [3]  Lewd.  Above  the  ew  (erased)  00  is  written.  An 
elderly  and  scraggy  woman  turns  up  her  eyes  in  pained  disapproval. 
[4]  Four  by  Honors.  A  man  seated  in  profile  to  the  1.,  rather  hunchbacked, 
holding  cards,  stares  eagerly  towards  his  vis-a-vis.  [5]  /  Can't  Crack  it. 
A  man  in  profile  to  the  r.  holds  his  1.  hand  before  his  (grotesque)  nose. 
[6]  A  Comfortable  pinch.  An  ugly  frowning  woman  of  spinsterish  appear- 
ance looks  to  the  1.,  holding  a  closed  snuff-box.  [7]  As  soft  as  Possible! 
A  thin  man  bends  forward  in  profile  to  the  r.  with  an  insinuating  half- 
smile.  [8]  Very  Pretty  indeed.  A  man  stands  chapeau-bras,  his  head 
thrown  back  and  turned  to  the  1. 
9jXi3|in. 

'  Title  and  imprint  from  A.  de  R.  iv.  160-1. 

'  The  4  appears  to  have  been  etched  over  a  3,  and  just  to  have  been  erased 
before  fitted. 

126 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1794 

8547  THE  GRACES  OF  ARCHERY  OR  ELEGANT  AIRS,  ATTI- 
TUDES AND  LADY  TRAPS. 

C  Ansel  Del.  et  Fecit. 

Pu¥  Januy  i'^  iyg4  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  &  N"  51  S^  Pauls 
Church  Yard. 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Ten  archers,  each  with 
a  caption,  arranged  in  two  rows.  Five  verses  are  engraved  beneath  the 
title;  the  first  and  fourth  are: 

Lo!  these  are  the  Yeomen  and  these  are  the  Bowmen, 

And  if  thou  wilt  be  one  of  the  Train 

Take  Quiver  and  Bow  and  Feathers  also 

And  Coat  of  the  Brightest  Green. 

To  Blackheath  then  repair,  the  resort  of  the  Fair; 
To  veiw  Attitudes,  figures  and  Graces. 
Where  Bold  Archers  let  fly,  to  hit  the  Bulls  Eye, 
Or  the  Eyes  in  their  Visitors  Faces!!! 

All  except  a  capering  Scot  in  Highland  dress  wear  belted  coat  and  half- 
boots,  a  hat  with  a  round  crown,  and  brim  turned  up  with  loop  and 
button,  and  trimmed  with  a  feather  or  a  sprig  of  foliage.  A  quiver  is  slung 
from  the  belt  and  the  limp  cover  of  the  bow  is  passed  through  the  belt 
at  the  back. 

There  had  recently  been  a  revival  of  archery.  The  Sporting  Magazine 
published  a  print  of  lady  archers  at  Hatfield  and  gave  a  list  of  twenty 
'principal  societies  or  companies  of  archers',  i.  54  (Nov.  1792).  The 
frontispiece  to  vol.  iv  (1794)  is  an  engraving  of  a  'Meeting  of  the  Royal 
Surrey  Bowmen  on  Epsom  Downs':  a  'splendid  exhibition  of  rank  and 
fashion*,  p.  293. 
i2|X2o  in. 

8548  ADVERTISEMENTS  ILLUSTRATED! 
[J.  Nixon  del.,  ?  I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

London,  Publish'd  June  7,  1794,  by  Will*"  Holland,  N"  50  Oxford 
Street.  In  Holland's  Exhibition  Rooms,  may  be  seen  the  largest 
Collection  of  Caricatures  in  Europe — Admittance  One  Shilling. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  centre  portion  of  a  strip  design, 
see  No.  8549.  The  text  of  an  advertisement  is  engraved  beneath  the  figures, 
the  words  spoken  above  their  heads  (not  transcribed  in  full). 

[i]  Domestic  Hack.  Wanted  a  Young  Man  of  light  weight  as  a  Postilion 
to  drive  and  look  after  a  pair  of  Horses,  he  must  be  perfectly  sober,  chaste 
in  behaviour,  and  attentive  to  both  his  Religious  and  Moral  Duties — read 
Prayers  and  sing  Psalms  every  Sunday  Evening  to  the  Family,  clean  Boots, 
Shoes,  and  Knives.  .  .  .  The  applicant,  fat,  clumsy,  and  tipsy,  is  rated  by 
the  sour-looking  advertiser,  M*"  John  Bunyan. 

[2]  Patty  Rosey.  Patty  Rosey,  from  the  name  of  its  Ingenious  Inventor, 
is  the  most  delicate,  elegant,  &  efficacious  Lozenge  ever  yet  offered  to  the 
Public,  they  subdue  that  teazing  Irritation  in  the  Throat,  heals  the  Fluxions 
from  the  Brain,  &  makes  the  most  offensive  Breath,  as  sweet  as  Violets,  by 
taking  three  or  four  occasionly,  as  they  Melodize  the  Voice,  in  a  most  astonish- 
ing manner,  those  who  belong  to  the  Pulpit,  Bar  or  Stage  shou'd  never  be  with- 
out them. 

127 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

A  woman  singer  stands  full-face,  bending  forward,  her  hands  resting 
on  a  low  ornamental  balustrade,  holding  a  music  score.  She  says,  in  spite 
of  Lady  Dale's  Decoction  of  Honey  and  the  Pattey  Rosey — /  am  still  Hoarse, 
I  cannot  Sing  without  pain  to  myself,  or  to  my  Hearers,  therefore,  hope  for 
your  usual  indulgence.  She  resembles  caricatures  of  Mme  Mara,  see 
No.  7067. 

[3]  Scotch  Dancing.  M"  Jemmy  Macjigg,  lately  arrived  in  this  Town  from 
Inverness,  teaches  the  Scotch  Steps,  Reels,  Strathspeys  &c.  in  their  true 
native  Purity,  with  that  Grace  &  Dignity,  none  but  himself  ever  attempted 
before;  ...  A  short,  stout,  plainly  dressed  man  (1.)  capers  clumsily,  his 
hands  held  up,  snapping  his  fingers.  The  dancing-master,  playing  the 
bagpipes  and  taking  a  similar  but  less  clumsy  step,  looks  down ;  he  wears 
English  dress  except  for  tartan  stockings.  The  pupil  says:  Zounds  M^'Jigg, 
I  shall  never  hold  out,  flagging  work,  to  keep  Arms,  Legs,  Head,  &  Fingers, 
in  Motion  at  the  same  Instant.  The  answer:  Dinna  fear — vary  weel  me 
Lord,  ye  are  queete  a  Cheel  of  Parfact — ion. 

[4]  Washing  Machine.  M^  Savesoap's  Washing  Machine,  saves  Coals, 
Candles,  Soap,  &  Labour,  a  Child  of  2  Years  old,  will  wash  more  Linen, 
in  an  hour,  than  ten  thorough  bred  washingwomen  cou'd  do  in  a  Week,  it  is 
now  become  a  genteel  amusement,  &  so  perfectly  safe  from  wearing  out  the 
Linen,  that  you  may  throw  in  a  Bank  Note,  which  after  being  so  washed, 
comes  out  without  even  a  letter  being  defaced:  Sold  only  by  the  Patentees, 
Water  Lane. 

An  old  crone  in  profile  to  the  r.  holds  up  a  tattered  garment,  inspecting 
it  nearsightedly.  She  addresses  a  buxom  young  woman  who  walks  off  (r.), 
looking  over  her  shoulder  at  the  shirt :  Why  you  have  Washed  this  Shift  into 
a  thousarui  holes,  if  it  had  been  shot  at  by  a  City  Train  Bandman,  it  cou'd  not 
have  been  more  abused. 
10X25  in. 

8549  [ADVERTISEMENTS  ILLUSTRATED] 

/.  Nixon  Esq'  delin.  [?  I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Probably,  but  not  certainly,  part  of  the 
same  strip  design  as  No.  8548. 

[i]  Matrimony.  A  Young  Gentleman  advertises  for  a  wife  who  must  be 
Tall  &  Handsome  neither  too  fat,  or  too  lean.  ...  A  hideous  bandy-legged 
man  (1.)  is  approached  by  two  ugly  women,  saying,  /  hope  you  dont  think 
me  too  tall,  and  nor  me  too  fat.  He  laughs  rudely:  ee  ee'  I  dont  think  there's 
a  Pins  difference  between  ye.  A  good-looking  young  woman  (r.)  walks  off, 
saying :  Such  a  Rabbit  Back'd  Bandy-Legged  Beast,  I  wou'd  not  Marry  him 
to  be  Queen  of  England. 

[2]  Read  this  ye  British  Fair.  An  advertisement  of  cosmetics.  Choice 
presents  of  Venus:  Cream  of  Cucumbers,  Essence  of  Asparagus,  Rouge, 
Extracted  from  lettuces.  Fat  of  Nightingales.  These  are  said  to  restore 
youthful  beauty  to  age,  and  make  hair  grow  even  where  it  never  grew  before. 
A  hideous  old  crone  looks  at  herself  in  a  glass,  saying  to  her  comely  maid : 
Why  Betty!  this  Cucumber  Cream  has  drawn  my  Face  into  Blisters.  ...  A 
cat  plays  with  a  wig  of  girlish  curls. 

[3]  Thirty  Thousand  Pounds!!!  He  that  never  Ventures  never  Wins,  .  .  . 
In  order  that  all  Ranks  and  Classes  of  People  may  have  a  Chance  of  either 
Gaining  or  Improving  a  Fortune,  Mess.  Gain  &  Rich  offers  their  Chances  to 
the  Public,  at  a  Price,  Infinitely  lower  than  any  other  Office,  in  Tozvn.  Here 

128 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES   1794 

the  Poor,  and  neady,  for  the  Trifling  Sum  of  2 16  may  get  a  Prize,  of  a  L.iooo. 
set  up  a  Gig  and  Drive  a  Poney!  if  L  5000  retire  into  the  Country,  and  Kill 
their  own  Mutton!  if  L  loooo  buy  an  Elegant  little  Villa!  &  if  the  30  000 
buy  a  manor!  keep  a  Pack  of  Dogs!!  support  Old  English  hospitality!!!  and 
make  the  Whole  Country  Happy  round  ye!!!!  that's  your  sort  [cf.  No.  8073]. 
A  ragged  surly  clerk  sits  behind  the  counter  of  Gain  &  Rich's  Old 
Established  Lucky  Lottery  Office,  which  is  besieged  by  angry  'prize- 
winners': a  butcher,  a  young  woman,  a  chimney-sweep's  boy,  a  barber, 
a  pot-boy. 
iofX25|in. 

8550  PROGRESS  OF  A  SCOTSMAN. 

Drawn  &  etcKd  by  R  Newton 

London  Pub.  April  22  iyg4  by  Will'^  Holland  N°  50  Oxford  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  sequence  of  fifteen  figures  arranged 
in  three  rows,  [i]  On  a  Journey  from  the  Highlands  to  Edinburgh.  The 
Scot,  barelegged  and  barefoot  and  wearing  a  very  short  kilt,  walks  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  carrying  only  the  thick  stick  with  which  he  walks.  [2]  Wha 
Wants  me.  He  stands  facing  the  1.,  screening  with  his  tartan  cloak  a  man 
seated  on  a  bucket  whose  bare  knee,  feet,  and  profile  alone  are  visible. 
His  face  is  distorted  by  his  cry,  that  of  an  Edinburgh  character  to  whom 
Dundas  was  compared,  see  Nos.  8103,  8146.  [3]  Running  two  miles  for  a 
Halfpenny.  He  runs  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  breeches  bestride  a  staff  which 
he  carries  against  his  shoulder.  Though  barelegged  he  wears  shoes  and 
socks.  [4]  Sweep  Hell  for  a  Farthing.  He  stands  directed  to  the  1.  holding 
two  small  heather-brooms  against  his  1.  shoulder;  he  shouts  with  gaping, 
twisted  mouth.  [5]  On  a  Journey  to  London.  He  leans  against  a  post  to 
rub  his  back,  scratching  his  shoulders  with  a  twisted  expression.  His  staff 
and  breeches  (as  in  3)  lie  beside  him.  [6]  Booing  to  a  Scots  Servant,  to  get 
him  into  a  Place.  He  bows  low,  cap  in  hand.  [7]  Marching  after  his  Mistress 
to  Church  in  his  new  Livery.  He  walks  stiffly  in  profile  to  the  r.  with  a  long 
tasselled  cane,  the  r.  leg  almost  horizontal,  a  book  under  his  r.  arm.  He 
wears  livery  with  tags  on  the  shoulder,  cocked  hat,  ruffled  shirt,  and 
powdered  hair.  [8]  Gets  to  be  a  Nobleman's  Porter — won't  take  in  a  Petition 
without  a  shilling  fee.  He  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  head  thrown  back, 
arrogantly  taking  a  pinch  of  snuff  from  a  mull.  He  has  grown  obese. 
Epaulettes  take  the  place  of  tags.  [9]  Gets  to  be  Steward — Lending  his 
honest  savings  to  his  Master.  He  bends  forward  in  profile  to  the  r.  with  an 
obsequious  grimace,  his  r.  hand  on  his  breast,  holding  out  a  money-bag. 
[10]  Insults  his  Master  when  he  knows  he  can't  return  the  money.  He  stands 
with  hands  on  hips,  his  head  turned  in  profile  to  the  1.  and  thrown  back 
with  an  arrogant  scowl.  [11]  Rules  the  Roost  in  the  Family  and  Horsewhips 
the  Servants.  He  stands,  legs  wide  apart,  arms  raised,  flourishing  a  whip. 
[12]  Makes  love  to  a  rich  Widow  and  Marries  her.  He  kneels  on  one  knee, 
his  hands  on  his  heart,  his  back  curved,  with  a  smile  of  obsequious  cunning. 
He  wears  a  bag-wig  and  sword,  his  hat  is  on  the  ground.  [13]  An  Essay 
to  be  a  Member  of  Parliament  making  a  Speech  from  the  Hustings.  He  stands 
in  profile  to  the  1.,  leaning  forward,  legs  apart,  holding  out  his  r.  arm,  and 
clutching  his  cocked  hat  in  his  1.  hand.  [14]  Gets  into  the  House  and  assumes 
an  air  of  importance.  He  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  head  thrown  back, 
his  stomach  thrown  out,  his  arms  behind  his  back.  He  has  a  bag-wig  and 
chapeau-bras.  [15]  Thus  ends  this  strange  eventful  History.  He  sits  full-face, 

129  K 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

wearing  a  baron's  coronet,  in  an  ornate  arm-chair  whose  back  and  arms 
are  decorated  with  coronets. 

The  first  six  figures  wear  tartan  with  a  Scots  cap.  The  second  figure, 
imitated  from  No.  8103,  connects  the  subject  with  Dundas. 

Newton  etched  a  companion  plate,   Progress  of  an  Irishman,   pub. 
Holland,  Apr.  1794  (A.  de  R.  iv.  146-7),  of  which  No.  8562  is  probably 
a  copy  or  adaptation. 
15JX20J  in. 

8551  MEN  OF  PLEASURE  IN  THEIR  VARIETIES. 

Draton  &  Etch'd  by  R,  Newton. 

London,  Pub.  October,  i.  iy94y  by  Will""  Holland,  N°  50,  Oxford  Street, 
In  Holland's  Exhibition  Rooms  may  be  seen  the  largest  Collection 
of  Caricatures  in  Europe,  Admittance,  One  Shilling. 

Engraving.  A  design  in  eight  compartments,  arranged  in  two  rows.  The 
words  spoken  are  etched  above  the  heads  of  the  persons. 

[i]  A  Good  Customer.  A  pretty  young  woman,  floridly  dressed  and  wear- 
ing a  feather  hat,  stands  (r.)  smiling  at  a  young  man,  who  walks  off,  hat 
in  hand,  putting  a  banknote  on  a  small  table,  saying:  There's  a  ten  pound 
note,  Maria:  I  cannot  be  as  liberal  as  I  used  to  be  for  money  is  very  scarce. 
She  answers :  Your  Lordship  is  very  good.  When  shall  I  have  the  pleasure 
of  seeing  your  Lordship  again  ?  pray  let  it  be  soon  for  I  love  you  dearly. 

[2]  Lust  and  Avarice  in  the  hands  of  a  Tarter.  The  'tarter',  a  flamboyantly 
dressed,  good-looking  woman  with  feathers  in  her  hair,  stands  (1.)  arms 
akimbo,  coarsely  upbraiding  a  lean  and  ugly  little  man,  who  gropes  in  his 
breeches  pocket.  She  ends :  Send  your  watch  to  the  Pawnbroker's  this  minute 
for  a  couple  of  guineas  or  I'll  blow  you  to  hell  you  old  Quiz.  He  says,  Bless 
me!  I  thought  I'd  half  a  guinea  but  I  find  I've  but  half  a  crown  and  some  half- 
pence. .  .  . 

[3]  A  sham  Arrest.  A  buxom  young  woman  (r.)  kneels  on  one  knee,  her 
hands  clasped,  beseeching  a  young  man  in  riding-dress,  who  with  a  shocked 
expression  holds  an  open  pocket-book.  Two  bogus  bailiffs  stand  behind 
her.  She  says:  Dear  Sir,  for  mercy's  sake  dont  let  me  be  taken  to  Prison — tis 
only  for  forty  pounds— your  heart  is  the  seat  of  every  virtue,  and  your  generosity 
at  this  time  will  be  registered  in  heaven!  One  of  the  men  says  to  the  other: 
Damn  me,  Tom,  she  was  right,  the  Flat  melts.  There's  an  Abraham  Newland 
[bank-note,  cf.  No.  7839]  peeping  out  of  his  pocket  book  already. 

[4]  Captain  O  Rafferty  not  to  be  had.  A  flamboyantly  dressed  young 
woman  (r.)  and  an  officer  wearing  a  cocked  hat  sit  on  adjacent  chairs.  She 
holds  an  infant  on  her  knee,  saying,  Go  kiss  it's  Papa  darling.  The  officer 
draws  back  in  horror,  saying.  My  Child!  allbothor! .  .  .  'tis  but  five  months 
since  I  first  saw  your  sweet  face,  my  honey,  and  though  we  do  things  sur- 
prisingly in  Ireland,  Yet  by  my  soul  I  never  saw  a  son  and  heir  of  five  months 
growth  before! 

[5]  A  Masquerade  Adventure.  A  man  (1.)  wearing  a  domino  draws  back 
in  consternation,  dropping  his  mask,  from  a  shepherdess,  who,  removing 
her  mask,  reveals  an  aged  and  hideously  grinning  face ;  her  figure  is  comely 
and  long  hair  falls  down  her  back.  He  says:  Angels  and  Ministers  of  grace 
defend  us!  I  took  you  in  Masquerade  for  an  Hebe  by  all  thats  beautiful!  but 
you  are  a  perfect  Witch  of  Endor  damn  me! 

[6]  A  Disagreeable  Surprise.  A  good-looking  woman  stands  in  profile  to 
the  r.,  her  hands  raised  in  amused  surprise,  looking  at  a  man  who  stands 

130 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL   SATIRES   1794 

full-face  but  turns  his  head  away  from  her,  scowling  with  clenched  fist  and 
grasping  his  hat.  He  says:  Damnation!  my  Wife  of  all  beings!  what  the  devil 
brought  you  here  madam.  She  answers :  The  very  thing  that  brought  you  here, 
my  sweet  Sir,  come,  come,  put  your  horns  in  your  pocket  and  say  no  more, 
tis  only  trick  upon  trick.  Behind  the  lady  (1.)  stands  a  footman  in  livery, 
his  shoulders  hunched  in  dismay,  exclaiming.  Here's  a  discovery  with  a 
vengeance!  Introduce  a  gentleman  to  his  own  Wife! 

[7]  A  Bilk.  A  stout  and  florid  prostitute  stands  with  arms  akimbo,  her 
back  to  a  door  (r.),  grasping  a  key.  A  good-looking  man  addresses  her  with 
an  insinuating  smile  and  outstretched  hand.  He  says :  Arra  stop  my  beauti- 
ful angel,  till  I  sell  my  commission — you  put  yourself  in  a  great  passion  for 
nothing  at  all  at  all!  by  my  soul  there's  many  a  woman  would  thank  me  for 
my  company.  .  .  .  She  answers :  Come,  come,  my  noble  Captain,  as  you  call 
yourself,  Fm  not  to  be  queerd  with  your  pallaver!  The  key  shan't  turn  in  this 
door  till  Fm  satisfied.  You're  the  most  noted  bilk  in  London,  but  d — m  my 
eyes  if  you  shall  bilk  me! 

Reproduced  (without  text)  as  Die  Schliisselgewalt,  Fuchs  und  Kind, 
Die  Weiberherrschaft,  191 3,  i.  16. 

[8]  Poor  Hob  in  Sharp's  Alley.  A  buxom  termagant  sits  in  a  chair  (r.) 
holding  the  neckcloth  of  a  terrified  man  in  riding-dress,  who  kneels  before 
her.  A  ruffian  with  a  bludgeon  (1.)  runs  forward.  She  says:  F II  shake  your 
soul  out  you  hobnail  if  you  dont  give  me  half  a  crown!  Hollo!  Bob  Blunder- 
buss, come  settle  accounts  with  this  sixpenny  Buck!  He  cries:  Oh  Lord! 
Oh  Lord!  the  Gentlewoman  at  the  door  told  me  it  would  cost  me  but  sixpence 
and  a  Glass  of  Gin. 
16-IX23I  in. 

8552  THE  LIFE  OF  MAN 

Drawn  &  Etch'd  by  R  Newton. 

London  Pub  Ocr  12  iyg4  by  Will*"  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  Sir* 

Engraving.  Sixteen  groups  arranged  in  four  rows  on  two  plates  intended 
to  be  pasted  together.  Designs  i,  2,  5,  6,  9,  10,  13,  14  are  on  pi.  i,  the 
others  on  pi.  2. 

[i]  In  the  hands  of  a  surly  Old  Schoolmistress.  A  grim  old  woman  wearing 
spectacles  sits  in  an  arm-chair  sewing.  An  infant  stands  before  her  (1.)  with 
an  open  book;  a  little  boy  stands  on  a  stool  weeping;  he  wears  a  dunce's 
cap  with  a  birch-rod  attached  to  his  dress.  [2]  Punished  by  a  Pedagogue 
for  reading  better  than  himself.  A  terrified  youth  holds  out  his  r.  hand  to 
a  ferocious-looking  schoolmaster  seated  (r.),  a  raised  ruler  in  his  r.  hand, 
a  book  in  the  other.  [3]  Is  sent  to  College — loves  a  pretty  girl  much  better 
than  Euclid.  The  interior  of  a  college  room.  A  buxom  young  woman  (1.) 
sits  in  a  chair  with  a  young  man  in  academic  cap  and  gown  on  her  knee. 
They  are  startled  by  the  entrance  of  an  irate  parson  (r.),  who  bursts  open 
the  door,  overturning  a  small  table  on  which  are  bottles  and  glasses. 
[4]  Arrives  to  man's  estate  and  becomes  a  prey  to  Sharpers.  A  fracas  at  a 
gaming-table.  The  young  man,  now  growing  stout,  has  risen  from  his 
chair,  clutching  a  dice-box  and  clenching  his  fist.  Two  men  have  been 
thrown  to  the  ground,  but  two  others  of  tough  appearance  remain  seated, 
and  a  fifth  enters  the  room  holding  a  club.  [5]  In  a  pretty  pickle  between 
a  Doctor  and  a  Nurse  tender.  The  invalid,  wearing  dressing-gown  and 
night-cap,  sits  in  an  arm-chair,  resting  his  melancholy  face  on  his  hand. 
On  the  1.  is  a  stout  old-fashioned  doctor  sucking  his  cane,  on  the  r.  an 

131 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

old  woman  approaches  with  a  basin  of  food.  [6]  To  repair  a  shattered 
fortune  marries  an  extravagant  wife.  He  stands  (1.)  holding  a  long  bill  and 
looking  in  angry  horror  at  a  florid  woman,  who  scolds  him  with  arms 
akimbo.  On  the  r.  stands  a  thin,  foppish  ( ?  French)  man-milliner,  hat  in 
hand,  laden  with  band-boxes.  [7]  Gets  fond  of  his  little  family  and  his  wife 
gets  fond  of  his  best  friend  and  cuckolds  him.  He  sits  in  a  chair  in  profile  to 
the  r.,  teaching  two  little  boys  and  an  older  girl.  All  appear  contented. 
Behind  his  back  (r.)  a  buxom  woman  and  a  military  officer,  their  arms 
round  each  other's  necks,  watch  him  with  amusement.  She  puts  her  hand 
above  his  head  with  two  fingers  extended  to  represent  horns.  [8]  Flies  for 
relief  to  the  Bottle  and  mends  his  condition.  He  staggers  along  (r.  to  1.), 
very  drunk  and  dishevelled,  supported  by  two  aged  watchmen  each  with 
a  lantern.  He  holds  the  wig  of  a  watchman  whose  hat  he  kicks  along  the 
street.  [9]  Is  thrown  into  Prison — forsaken  by  his  Wife,  and  the  only  comfort 
he  now  enjoys  is  that  of  his  Children.  The  interior  of  a  prison  room  with 
stone  walls  and  barred  window.  He  sits  in  an  arm-chair  (1.)  listening  to 
his  daughter,  a  pretty  young  girl,  who  reads  to  him.  A  little  boy  sits  by 
the  fire  (r.)  attending  to  the  roasting  of  a  chop  which  dangles  from  a  string. 
[10]  After  Seven  years  confinement  gets  released  by  an  Insolvent  Bill — 
Goes  into  the  army  and  butchers  his  fellow  creatures  for  a  trifle  a  day.  He  is 
about  to  sabre  a  soldier  who  lies  on  the  ground.  On  the  r.  is  a  dead  or 
wounded  man.  He  wears  a  cocked  hat  and  (torn)  regimentals.  [11]  Is 
disbanded  and  wrecked  on  his  return  home.  He  sits  meditatively  on  a  rock, 
his  back  to  a  raging  sea  in  which  a  dismasted  ship  tosses.  He  wears  neat 
regimentals  and  a  cocked  hat,  and  holds  his  sword,  its  point  resting  on  the 
ground.  [12]  On  his  return  home  finds  his  family  eating  a  sorry  meal  in  a 
garret.  He  rushes  through  a  doorway  (1.),  dropping  his  sword  and  holding 
out  his  arms  to  a  pretty  girl  who  rushes  towards  him.  A  delighted  boy  is 
behind  her.  Behind  is  a  table  with  a  loaf.  The  room  is  poverty-stricken. 
[13]  Is  a  witness  of  an  usurious  scene  which  awakens  bitter  reflection  on  his 
former  folly.  He  sits  at  a  table  beside  a  smiling  young  man  opposite  a 
Jewish  money-lender  who  is  about  to  hand  over  two  money-bags.  [14] 
Though  Poor  himself  has  a  heart  to  feel  for  the  sufferings  of  others.  He  walks 
past  a  barred  prison  window,  with  a  placard  Pray  Rem  Debtor  (r.),  within 
which  are  four  grotesque  ruffians,  one  of  whom  holds  a  hat  through  the 
bars.  He  drops  a  coin  into  the  hat,  and  gives  another  to  a  little  beggar- 
boy  (1.).  [15]  Is  arrested  by  his  landlord  for  rent.  He  stands  pleading  with  a 
stout,  surly-looking  man  (r.).  His  weeping  daughter,  now  a  woman,  stands 
between  them.  Behind  him  (1.)  is  a  ruffianly  bailiff's  man  with  a  bludgeon. 
[16]  Terminates  his  miseries  in  a  Prison.  He  sits  in  a  dressing-gown  in  an 
arm-chair,  his  eyes  closed.  His  daughter  (1.)  puts  her  hand  to  his  heart  with 
an  agonized  expression.   His  son  (r.)  covers  his  face  with  his  hands. 

The  hero,  who  is  handsome  throughout,  and  his  good-looking  family 
are  not  caricatured,  as  are  many  of  the  other  figures  (parson,  doctor,  watch- 
men, &c.). 
Each  pi.  2oJx  13!  in. 

8553  SKETCHES  IN  A  SHAVING  SHOP. 

Drawn  &  Etc¥  by  R^  Newton. 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland,  N°  50  Oxford  S*  Decern''  16  iyg4 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  design  in  twelve  compartments 
arranged  in  three  rows,  and  divided  into  approximately  equal  rectangles 

132 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1794 

by  intersecting  lines;  the  figures  are  generally  H.L.  The  words  are  etched 
above  the  heads  of  the  speakers.  Of  the  barbers  three  are  comely  women 
(who  please  their  customers),  other  figures  are  much  caricatured.  The 
barbers  maltreat  their  customers  through  negligence  or  lack  of  skill,  or 
flatter  them  grossly,  or  amuse  them  with  good  stories. 
14!  X  21 1  in. 

8554  BABES  IN  THE  WOOD. 

Drawn  &  Etched  by  R  Newton 

London  Pu¥  March  i  iyg4  by  Will"  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  S^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  man  and  woman  sit  side  by  side  in 
the  stocks.  A  grotesque  village  constable  stands  on  the  r.  of  the  stocks, 
holding  a  long  staff  or  pole  and  glaring  at  his  female  prisoner.  She  is  a 
countrywoman  smoking  a  short  pipe  and  turning  her  head  in  profile  to  the 
1.  with  a  fierce  scowl.  Her  heavy  muscular  arms  are  folded.  Her  companion 
(r.)  is  a  yokel  in  a  smock,  who  scratches  his  head  and  scowls  down  with 
closed  eyes.  A  dog  (1.)  watches  the  woman. 
9jx  iif  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  60. 

8555  A  NIGHT  MARE 

Drawn  and  Etc¥  by  R^  Newton 

London  Pub  by  W  Holland  October  26  1794  N°  50  Oxford  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  couple,  much  caricatured,  lie  in  a  half- 
tester  truckle  bed.  On  the  woman,  who  is  asleep,  sits  a  grotesque  demon, 
smoking  a  pipe  and  holding  up  a  lantern ;  he  glares  fiercely  at  her.  The  man 
stares  terror-struck.  A  horse  (or  mare)  puts  its  head  through  the  open 
casement  window  (1.).  Probably  deriving  (remotely)  from  Fuseli's  Night- 
mare, cf.  Nos.  6543,  8671,  9371. 
lox  12^^  in.  'Caricatures',  vii.  36. 

8556  A  TRIP  TO  THE  RACES. 

J  Nixon 

Pub  FelP  r^  1794  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  'Cits'  ride  (1.  to  r.)  (types  of  vulgar 
horsemanship,  cf.  Nos.  7233, 7242)  in  a  cloud  of  dust,  following  a  crowded 
stage-coach  inscribed  To  the  Races.  A  rough  two-wheeled  cart,  crammed 
with  a  family  party,  is  drawn  by  a  cantering  pony.  A  signpost  points  To 
the  Race  Ground.  A  suburban  setting  is  given  by  the  country  box  and 
'grounds'  of  a  *cit',  with  a  notice-board:  Spring  Blunderbuss^  on  a  new 
Construction — Planted  in  Various  Paths  of  my  Domain  &  whosown  Trample 
Down  or  pull  up  the  Shrubs  in  this  Garden  shall  be  Prosecuted — Deputy 
Dump.  In  front  of  the  house  the  owner  ( ?)  and  his  wife  look  over  the  paling 
at  the  race-goers.  The  house  is  a  square  box,  whose  small  scale  is  indicated 
by  the  size  of  a  pot-plant  on  the  flat  roof;  on  this  are  also  figures  of  Neptune, 
Harlequin,  and  Mercury.  Adjacent  (1.)  is  a  shed  inscribed  M^  Dumps 
Stables,  with  a  pretentious  cupola. 

For  the  'cit's'  country  box  cf.  No.  8208.  The  Deputy  Alderman  and  the 
Common  Councilman  were  favourite  types  of  city  vulgarity,  cf.  No.  8046. 
I3fxi9fin. 

133 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8557  "MISS,  I  HAVE  A  MONSTROUS  CROW  TO  PLUCK  WITH 
YOU!!" 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Nov  i"^  1794,  by  H.  Humphrey  N"  37  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  mother  and  daughter  face  each  other 
in  profile.  An  elderly  woman,  heavily  moustached  and  bearded,  sits  at  a 
small  rectangular  table,  her  r.  forefinger  accusingly  pointed  at  a  young 
woman  (closely  resembling  her),  apparently  pregnant,  who  stands  holding 
a  fan  with  an  expression  of  wary  apprehension.  Beneath  the  table  is  a 
large  crow,  one  foot  raised,  turning  its  head  towards  the  elder  woman  to 
say  Oh!  too  bad.  A  patterned  carpet,  plain  wall,  and  door  (r.)  form  a 
background. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  180.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
7|xio  in. 

8557  A  A  copy  in  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray,  after  p.  165. 
5|X7^in.  With  border,  6f  X  8  in.  B.M.L.,  745.  a.  6. 

8558  OLD  TABBIES  ATTENDING  A  FAVORITE  CAT'S  FUNERAL. 
C.  Goodnight,  del  &  sculp. 

Published  12^'*  May,  1794  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53,  Fleet  Street, 

London. 
Engraving.  A  procession  of  seven  ugly  and  elderly  women  (1.  to  r.);  each, 
except  the  third,  carries  a  cat  under  her  arm.  The  third  weeps,  holding 
a  handkerchief  to  her  eyes.  On  the  r.  is  the  corner  of  a  church  showing  a 
closed  door  and  the  lower  part  of  two  windows.  Before  it  is  an  erect 
Tombstone : 

O  cruel  death 
To  please  thy  hungry  pallet 

Has  cropH  my  lettice 
To  make  thy  self  a  sallet 

An  imitation  of  Old  Maids  at  a  Cat's  Funeral,  a  more  elaborate  design 
by  F.  G.  Byron,  engraved  (stipple)  by  John  Pettit,  pub.  Holland,  10  Apr. 
1789  (A.  de  R.  ii.  138). 
8|xi3  in. 

8559  THE  WATCHMAN. 

Published  Aug'^  23  1794,  by  C.  Sheppard,  N"  15  S^  Peters  Hill 
Doctors  Commons 

Engraving.  An  oval  illustration  to  a  song,  cheaply  engraved  in  two 
columns.  A  street  scene ;  a  young  woman  descends  a  rope-ladder,  helped 
by  a  young  man  who  stands  beside  it  (1.).  A  watchman  (r.)  holds  up  his 
lantern,  his  1.  hand  open  for  money  from  the  young  man;  he  threatens: 
Fll  knock  up  your  Papa.  Behind  (r.)  is  his  box. 

The  song,  interspersed  with  prose  dialogue,  is  printed  in  The  Professional 
Life  of  Mr.  Dibdin,  1803,  iii.  263,  see  No.  9101.  A  satire  on  the  dishonest 
watchman  (cf.  No.  7810),  whose  misdeeds  are  broken  by  the  refrain: 

Then  to  my  box  I  creep. 

And  then  fall  fast  asleep. 
4f  X6  in.   PI.  9fx6J  in. 

134 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1794 

Two  designs  on  one  plate, 

8560  A  SAUCY  DOG. 
Brett  fec^ 

Published  Novevf  2f^  17 94  hy  H  Humphreys  N°  37  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving.   A  man  (H.L.)  wearing  a  large  round  hat  looks  slyly  over  his 
r,  shoulder  holding  his  chin  in  his  r.  hand.  From  under  his  1.  arm  projects 
a  stick  or  whip. 
6x4!  in. 

8561  WHAT  THE  DEVIL  DO  YOU  WANT' 

Engraving.  A  plainly  dressed  citizen  (H.L.),  holding  a  tobacco-pipe,  sits 
in  an  elbow-chair  looking  round  over  his  r.  shoulder,  his  underlip  project- 
ing.  Both  appear  to  be  weak  imitations  of  Dighton. 
61^5X4!  in. 

8562  PROGRESS  OF  AN  IRISH  EMIGRANT.  [i  Dec.  1794] 

[After  Newton.] 

Engraving.  PI.  to  the  Hibernian  Magazine,  1794,  ii.  385.  A  strip  design 
arranged  in  two  rows,  [i]  Begging  his  Learning  as  a  Poor  Scholar  bound 
for  5*  Omers.  A  ragged,  bare-legged  Irishman  carrying  a  bundle  and 
clutching  a  potato.  [2]  Setting  out  for  5'  Omers  to  be  made  a  Priest.  He  is 
still  bare-legged  but  carries  his  shoes  and  is  less  ragged.  [3]  Gets  to  be  a 
Priest.  He  wears  a  long  gown.  [4]  Renounces  the  Church  and  Turns  a  man 
of  Gallantry.  He  kneels  on  one  knee,  elegantly  dressed.  [5]  Turns  Player. 
He  rants  violently,  wearing  Elizabethan  dress.  [6]  Leaves  the  Stage  and 
turns  Soldier.  He  stands  with  a  musket.  [7]  Deserts  and  offers  his  service  to  a 
Noted  English  Gambler  on  his  travels  .  He  is  ragged  and  supplicating  but 
fashionably  dressed.  [8]  Gets  as  deeply  skilVd  in  the  mystery  of  Cards  & 
dice  as  his  Master  and  sets  up  for  himself.  He  holds  up  a  dice-box  with  a 
scowl.  [9]  Fights  for  a  demirep  in  high  keeping  and  becomes  her  favourit. 
He  brandishes  a  bludgeon.  [10]  Sends  his  purse  with  all  he  has  to  a  friend 
in  distress.  [11]  Is  himself  the  next  hour  in  Prison  for  debt.  He  stands  dis- 
consolate. [12]  Writes  to  every  fine  woman  he  knows  and  is  relieved  by  them 
all.  He  holds  out  a  pen  and  a  sheaf  of  letters.  [13]  Comes  out  with  a  full 
purse  makes  fierce  Love  to  a  rich  Widow  and  marries  her.  He  kneels,  making 
an  impassioned  declaration.  [14]  Gets  in  to  the  Army — gives  a  Challenge 
while  in  liquor  to  a  Brother  officer.  He  stands  in  a  brawling  attitude.  [15] 
Thus  ends  this  strange  eventful  History — Sudden — unprepared — Death!!! 
He  falls  to  the  ground. 

The  original  was  probably  a  companion  pi.  to  No.  8550. 
7|X 2oi  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154.  ka. 

8563  CHARACTERS  FROM  NATURE  [i  May  1794] 

[After  Dighton.] 

Engraving.  PI.  to  Hibernian  Magazine,  1794,  i.  292.  Copies  of  separate 
prints  by  Dighton  of  H.L.  or  T.Q.L.  figures  arranged  in  two  rows,  a 
caption  engraved  above  each,  with  a  descriptive  text  on  pp.  292-3.  [i]  'A 
Just-ASS'  or  J. P.  (cf.  No.  8187),  an  irate  magistrate  looking  up  from  his 
open  book,  Burn's  Justice.    The  caption,  77/  send  you  all  to  lodge  with 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  8560. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

R n,  is  evidently  not  Dighton's  title,  but  a  topical  allusion  to  the 

imprisonment  of  A.  H.  Rowan,  see  No.  8466.    [2]   You  be  D n'<f,  a 

smiling  Billingsgate  woman,  hands  on  hips,  copied  from  No.  8396.    [3] 
Not  a  farthing  less,  a  copy  of  No.  8767.   [4]  A  Dog  in  a  Passion,  a  copy  of 

No.  8395  A.    [5]  D nd  Hot,  a  copy  of  No.  8766.    [6]  D n'd  Cold, 

a  man  with  folded  arms  in  profile  to  the  1.,  with  dripping  nose,  dressed  as 
if  for  a  travel  by  coach  with  a  scarf  tied  over  his  hat,  and  triple-collared 
overcoat.  [7]  Who  d'ye  Stare  at,  see  No.  8917,  an  ugly  carbuncled  man 
glares  over  his  r.  shoulder.  [8]  Go  Look,  an  elderly  man,  holding  a  long 
pipe,  stares  to  the  r. 
6|  X  8|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154.  ka. 

8564  EMETIC  COURT  BANK  DUBLIN. 

Engraving.    An  imitation  bank-note  on  thin  paper.    The  heading  con- 
tinues :  /  Promise  to  pay  the  Bearer  on  Demand  the  Sum  of  Three-Pence  at 

M''  Rhubarbs Value  received  igth  April  iyg4  (date  in  pen).   On  the  1. 

are  two  circles  enclosing  designs:  a  man  vomiting,  and  two  jars  inscribed 
J  Denarii.  Among  other  inscriptions  is :  Salve  from  One  Guinea  pr  Box  to 
Five  Guineas.   Before  the  heading:  A'^"  igo  (the  figures  in  pen).    Of.  No. 
7839,  a  similar  imitation  of  a  bank-note. 
4fX7iin. 

8565  SINGING  A  DUET,  MADAM  SQUALL  &  SIGNIOR  GRIMACI 
STRAINEM  SQUEEZEM. 

O  Keefe  Inv^  et  Sculp 

Pu¥  Nov''  r*  1794,  by  H.  Humphrey  N:  57,  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving.  The  singers  are  seated  on  upright  chairs.  The  lady,  young  and 
pretty  (1.),  holds  an  open  music-book  on  her  knee  and  bends  forward 
coquettishly.  The  elderly  and  ugly  man  (r.)  puts  his  hand  on  his  heart 
and  looks  amorously  at  the  lady.  Beneath  the  title:  ('^Love's  the  Tyrant 
of  the  Heart").  Both  wear  large  ear-rings.  A  decorative  effect  is  given  by 
the  patterned  carpet  and  wall:  a  dado,  striped  paper,  a  central  mirror 
flanked  by  oval  landscapes. 
6|x8^  in. 

8566  PEOPLE  OF  CONSEQUENCE 
O' Keefe  Ini^  et  Sculp 

Nov^  15  :  iyg4  Published  by  H:  Humphrey  N"  57  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  couple  flamboyantly 
dressed  walk  from  1.  to  r.,  followed  by  a  footman  who  swaggers  after  them 
holding  an  umbrella  resting  against  his  shoulder,  its  ferrule  end  terminating 
in  a  small  weather-vane.  The  man  holds  a  quizzing-glass  to  his  eye  and 
a  tasselled  cane;  the  lady  (1.)  holds  a  large  fan,  her  1.  arm  thrust  through 
his  r.  He  wears  a  large  cocked  hat,  a  bulky  neck-cloth  with  floating  ends, 
and  loosely  fitting  half-boots.  She  wears  a  hat  tied  under  her  chin 
with  vandyked  trimmings  and  an  enormous  feather.  A  train  trails  on 
the  ground.  The  servant  wears  a  round  hat  with  looped  brim  and  cockade, 
enormous  epaulettes,  and  a  neck-cloth  like  his  master's.  The  treatment  is 
decorative,  with  no  background. 
Reproduced,  Paston,  PI.  xlvii. 
9ixi3iin.  (pi.). 

136 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1794 

8567  " 

"AND  CATCH  THE  LIVING  MANNERS  AS  THEY  RISE." 
[Gillray,  'designed  by  Miss  Aynscombe'.^] 
Pu¥  May  7'*  1794,  by  H.  Humphrey  N"  18  Old  Bond  Street. 
Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted.  A  young  man  (1.)  takes  with  his  1.  hand 
the  r.  hand  of  a  young  woman,  who  bows  towards  him,  holding  her  limp 
skirt  delicately  between  finger  and  thumb.  Both  wear  burlesqued  versions 
of  the  newest  fashions.  He  wears  a  striped  sleeveless  vest  or  waistcoat 
made  in  one  piece  with  a  pair  of  pantaloons  which  reach  below  his  calves 
where  they  are  tied  with  bunches  of  ribbon.  A  voluminous  swathed  neck- 
cloth conceals  his  chin.  His  powdered  hair  is  frizzed  on  his  head  with 
a  long  queue.  He  holds  a  round  hat  and  a  bludgeon  in  his  r.  hand.  She 
wears  in  her  hair  three  extravagantly  long  ostrich  feathers,  which  rise  from 
a  small  cap  or  turban  and  sweep  across  the  design,  with  an  erect  brush- 
aigrette  ;  long  tresses  issue  from  the  turban  with  the  feathers  and  fall  below 
her  waist.  Her  limp  high-waisted  dress  with  short  sleeves  falls  from  below 
uncovered  breasts,  which  are  decked  with  a  lattice-work  of  jewels  caught 
together  by  an  oval  miniature  (cf.  No.  8521). 

Cf.  No.  8571,  &c.  The  title  (misquoted  from  Pope's  Essay  on  Man) 
probably  indicates  members  of  the  Manners  family.   Cf.  No.  8722. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  179.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  399.  Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Paston,  PL  xlii;  Fuchs,  Die  Frau  in  der 
Karikatur,  1906,  p.  293. 

8568  FOLLOWING  THE  FASHION. 
f  Qy  des""  et  fed 

Pu¥  Dec"  9'*  1794,  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  37  New  Bond  Street. 
Engraving.  Two  women,  one  tall  and  pretty,  except  for  her  grotesque 
slimness,  the  other  short,  fat,  and  ugly,  wear  burlesqued  versions  of  the 
new  fashions.  Each  walks,  holding  a  glove  in  the  (gloved)  r.  hand,  a  nose- 
gay in  the  I.  hand.  Under  each  is  a  supplementary  title:  (1.)  S*  James's 
giving  the  Ton,  a  Soul  without  a  Body;  (r.)  Cheapside  aping  the  Mode,  a 
Body  without  a  Soul.  The  former  has  a  tiny  waist,  her  breasts,  lightly 
covered,  project  above  it.  Round  her  neck  is  a  swathing  connected  with 
inflated  puffs  on  her  tight  sleeves ;  her  form  is  defined  under  the  limp  skirt. 
Another  swathing  seems  to  fasten  a  high  straw  scoop-like  hat  under  her  chin 
which  shows  her  hair  piled  above  her  forehead.  This  is  trimmed  with  an  erect 
ostrich  feather  and  a  brush-aigrette.  She  wears  sharply  pointed  slippers. 

The  contour  of  the  other  lady,  a  'City  Fussock',  see  No.  8905,  is  broad 
and  squat;  she  looks  up  with  an  ogling  grin,  her  mouth  half  hidden  by 
the  swathing  at  her  neck.  Her  feather,  aigrette,  and  nosegay  are  much 
larger  than  those  of  her  fashionable  model.  Fat  legs  and  broad  feet  show 
under  a  petticoat  which  projects  from  her  short  waist.   Cf.  No.  8571,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  180.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  402.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1850.   Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Frau  in  der  Karikatur,  1906,  p.  295. 
12  X  13!  in. 

8569  SHEPHERDS  I  HAVE  LOST  MY  WAIST! 
R^  Newton  del  etfecet 

London  Pu¥  by  Will"  Holland  N  50  Oxford  S^  Novem''  12  1794 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).   Front  and  back  view  of  two  ladies  (or 
one  lady)  dressed  identically.   One  (r.)  looks  to  the  r.  at  a  round  table  on 

*  Note  by  Miss  Banks. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

which  are  a  jelly-glass  and  a  tartlet,  holding  up  a  napkin  in  her  1.  hand, 
the  r.  behind  her  back.  The  other  is  behind  her  and  on  the  1.  She  wears 
large  ear-rings.  The  high-waisted  dress  has  a  flowing  line  with  an  over- 
dress forming  a  train,  and  is  thus  less  skimpy  than  others  of  the  period. 
Two  huge  erect  ostrich  feathers  decorate  the  head.  Beneath  the  design 
are  twelve  lines  of  verse  beginning : 

Shepherds  I  have  lost  my  Waist! 
and  ending: 

For  Fashion  I  that  part  forsook, 
Where  Sages  place  the  Belly, 
Tis  gone — and  I  have  not  a  nook 
For  Cheese  Cake,  Tart  or  Jelly!! 

These,  with  four  additional  lines,  also  appear  in  No.  8570,  and  are 
quoted  in  full  by  Grego,  Gillray,  p.  180.  See  also  No.  9491.  No  title 
except  the  verses.   Cf.  No.  8571,  &c. 

Reproduced,  Paston,  PI.  xliv. 

8570  THE  RAGE  OR  SHEPHERDS  I  HAVE  LOST  MY  WAIST 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  December  i  iyg4 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  tall  handsome  young  woman,  full- 
face,  her  r.  hand  extended,  1.  on  her  breast,  leans  to  the  r.  as  if  singing 
dramatically.  Looking  up  at  her  (r.)  is  a  stout  and  shorter  woman  ( ?  Lady 
Buckinghamshire)  wearing  a  hat  and  holding  a  fan.  Both  wear  short- 
waisted  dresses  and  partly  uncovered  breasts,  a  fashion  becoming  to  one 
and  not  to  the  other.  A  voluminous  scarf  is  swathed  round  the  neck  of 
the  singer,  the  ends  tucked  in  at  the  waist.  Two  erect  ostrich  feathers  are 
in  her  hair,  and  large  rings  decorate  her  ears.  Her  r.  hand  is  extended  in 
protest  above  a  tray  of  jellies  and  tartlets  held  by  a  footman  (1.).  He  is 
grotesquely  caricatured  in  face  and  (old-fashioned)  dress.  On  the  wall  (1.) 
is  a  W.L.  portrait  of  a  lady  dressed  in  the  fashion  of  c.  1740,  wearing  wide 
hooped  petticoats,  a  lace  apron,  and  a  flat  hat.  Her  r.  hand  is  in  a  small 
muff.  Beneath  the  design  are  the  same  verses  as  in  No.  8569.  For  the 
fashions  satirized  see  No.  8571,  &c.  For  The  Rage  see  No.  8498. 
iifx  lof  in. 

8571  THE  GRACES  OF  1794. 

[?L  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  July  21 1794  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  young  women  display  the  latest 
fashions:  one  (1.)  in  profile  to  the  r. ;  one  full-face;  one  (r.)  in  back  view, 
turning  her  head  in  profile  to  the  1.  All  wear  limp  high-waisted  dresses, 
two  (at  least)  have  their  breasts  uncovered,  all  wear  huge  ear-rings.  Two 
wear  hats  trimmed  with  a  single  erect  feather;  one  (r.)  wears  a  hat  or 
bonnet  with  two  feathers  and  a  brush-aigrette  with  a  transparent  gauze 
curtain-veil.  The  figure  still  projects  below  the  (ostensible)  waist,  but  not 
in  the  exaggerated  manner  of  1793  (see  No.  8388,  &c.).  The  lady  on  the 
1.  holds  a  large  fan ;  the  centre  figure  wears  a  large  watch  with  a  bunch  of 
many  seals  and  trinkets  dangling  from  her  waist. 

138 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL   SATIRES   1794 

According  to  the  Sporting  Magazine,  iv.  228,  July  1794,  'feminine  dress 
of  the  present  fashion  is,  perhaps,  the  most  indecent  ever  worn  in  this 
country.  The  breast  is  altogether  displayed ;  and  the  whole  drapery,  by  the 
wanton  management  of  the  wearer  in  throwing  it  behind  her,  is  made  to 
cling  so  to  the  figure,  that  nothing  can  be  said  to  be  completely  concealed. 
Well  may  it  be  necessary  to  veil  the  face.'  See  Nos.  8521,  8567-70,  8582, 
8719.  Cf.  Nos.  8896,  9457,  &c. 
I4|xi2|in. 

8572-8592 
Series  of  'Drolls' 

8572  SMART  SHOES  MADE  TO  FIT— WITHOUT  A  LAST. 

[?I.  Cruikshank.] 

Published  75'*  yan^  1794  by  RoU  Sayer  &  C"  Fleet  Street,  London. 

Engraving  (coloured'  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  lady,  wearing  a  cloak 
and  holding  a  large  muff,  sits  trying  on  a  pair  of  heel-less  slippers  with 
pointed  toes.  The  shoe-maker  (1.)  kneels  at  her  feet,  looking  up  at  her 
with  a  grin.  Beneath  the  title :  Yes  my  Lady  They  sit  neat  about  the  Quarters, 
they  only  want  a  little  Bobbing.  Behind  (r.)  another  woman  is  being  fitted. 
On  the  wall  are  a  glass  case  (1.)  displaying  ladies'  shoes  and  (r.)  a  number 
of  lasts. 
Cf.  No.  4638. 
6llx8|in. 

8573  BLACK-EYED  SUE,  AND  SWEET  POLL  OF  PLYMOUTH, 
TAKING  LEAVE  OF  THEIR  LOVERS,  WHO  ARE  GOING  TO 
BOTANY  BAY.     79 

Published  12*^  May  1794,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street 
London. 

Engraving.  Two  prostitutes  sit  weeping  on  a  bank  (1.);  two  heavily 
shackled  convicts  stand  beside  them  (r.).  A  jailer  with  a  pistol  in  his  belt 
standing  behind  the  women  points  sternly  to  a  ship  in  the  background. 
On  a  hill  in  the  background  a  body  hangs  from  a  tiny  gibbet.  For  Botany 
Bay  cf.  No.  6992,  &c. 
6|x8|in. 

8574  MOSES  IN  THE  BULL-RUSHES 

Published  12^^  May,  1794.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N°  53,  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving  (coloured^  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  bull  (1.)  snorts 
menacingly  at  a  (bearded)  Jewish  pedlar  (1.),  who  flees  in  terror,  taking 
refuge  in  a  ditch  filled  with  broad-leaved  rushes  (r.).  The  contents  of  the 
box  slung  from  his  shoulders  (watches,  seals,  and  buckles)  are  being  spilt. 
A  terrified  woman  escapes  up  a  bank,  saying,  O  dear  what  can  the  matter 
be.   L.  &  W.,  No.  91. 


6|x8i3 


16  ""• 

'  In  'Caricatures,'  ii.  148.  *  Ibid.  ii.  127. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8575  JUSTICE  MITTIMUS  AT  LOSS  A  HOW  TO  ACT  IN  THIS 
AFFAIR. 

[?  I.  Cruikshank.] 

Published  12*'*  May,  1794.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N°  5J,  Fleet  Street 

London. 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  clerical  J. P.,  ugly 
and  elderly,  sits  full-face  in  a  high-backed  arm-chair,  looking  towards  a 
demure  young  girl  (1.),  who  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.  His  face  is  con- 
torted with  perplexity ;  the  position  of  his  feet  indicates  acute  uncertainty. 
A  man  seated  behind  her  on  the  extreme  1.  listens  intently  through  an  ear- 
trumpet.  An  ugly  and  satyr-like  man  stands  beside  the  Justice's  chair. 
Three  similar  men,  and  an  old  and  bedizened  woman,  are  seated  by  a 
table  on  the  r.,  listening  with  amusement.  Beneath  the  title:  My  Dear  little 
Girl  what  have  you  been  about,  they  say  you  are  pregnant — /  really  dont  know 
your  Worship — Some  Wicked  Wretch  is  the  Cause  of  this  report — But  If  I  have 
done  any  thing  amiss  Sir,  I  am  sure  I  was  Dreaming.  L.  &  W.,  No.  105. 
6i|x9iin. 

8576  GRINNING  THROUGH  A  HORSE  COLLAR,  FOR  A  FLITCH 
OF  BACON. 

Published  12*^*  May  1794.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N°  53,  Fleet  Street 

London. 
Engraving.  A  scene  at  a  country  fair.  Two  men  standing  side  by  side  on 
a  form  grimace  horribly  through  horse-collars.  Grinning  yokels  (1.  and  r.) 
point  at  them.  Behind  are  the  walls  of  booths  with  inscriptions:  (1.  to  r.) 
Tom  Paine  to  be  seen  alive  (see  No.  8287,  &c.).  The  Monstrous  Craws  to 
be  seen  here  at  2^  Pie[ce]  (see  No.  7166),  and,  larger  than  the  others.  The 
London  Pad  to  be  seen  Here  at  6^  a  Piece.  On  this  placard  is  a  woman,  her 
apparently  advanced  pregnancy  exaggerated  by  her  pose  (see  No.  8388, 
&c.).  Beneath  this  booth  stands  a  man  beating  a  drum.  L.  &W.,  No.  io6. 

Reproduced,  A.  E.  Richardson,  Georgian  England,  1931,  p.  92. 
6|x8f  in. 

8577  TWELFTH  NIGHT. 
[L  Cruikshank.] 

Published  12*''  May,  iyg4  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N"  53,  Fleet  Street, 

London. 
Engraving.  Four  men,  two  ladies,  and  two  small  children  surround  a 
circular  table  on  which  is  a  Twelfth  cake  decorated  with  figures  and  stand- 
ing on  a  plate  inscribed  Sacred  to  Love.  They  have  all  drawn  tickets 
except  a  pretty  young  woman  on  the  r.,  to  whom  a  smiling  young  man 
holds  out  a  hat  containing  one  inscribed  Miss  Tender,  while  he  slips  a  letter 
into  her  hand.  Her  vis-a-vis,  a  hunch-backed  elderly  man,  has  drawn 
Punch.  The  scene  is  described  in  verses  beneath  the  title : 

To  chuse  King  and  Queen,  a  queer  set  was  assembled, 
A  Motley  Group  of  paste  Figures  they  greatly  resembled. 
That  my  Lord  he  drew  Punch,  his  Son  Master  Slender 
Old  Square  toes  was  Cuckold,  his  Lady  Miss  Tender. 
To  the  left  of  my  lord  a  pert  Simpering  Miss, 
On  whom  none  had  dared  to  venture  a  Kiss; 
But  as  ill  chance  would  have  it,  chose  Draggle-tail  Doll, 
And  see  over  their  Shoulders  peeps  Old  Father  Paul. 

140 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES   1794 

There  is  in  the  Print  Room  a  similar  design  in  pen  and  wash  for  the 
same  subject  by  I.  Cruikshank.   (3  X  3I  in.)  L.  and  W.,  No.  107. 
6ix8f  in. 

8578  SNOW  BALLS— OR  THE  OLD  BUCK  IN  DISTRESS. 

Published  12^^  May  1794.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N'>  53,  Fleet  Street 

Engraving  (coloured^  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Two  well-dressed 
young  women  (1.)  stand  behind  a  tree  with  snow-balls  to  pelt  a  thin  and 
elderly  man  in  old-fashioned  dress  (r.)  who  walks  in  profile  to  the  r., 
clenching  his  fist  and  holding  up  his  stick.  He  is  plastered  with  patches 
of  snow.  A  third  young  woman  kneels  behind  the  others,  making  a  snow- 
ball. Three  others  (r.)  are  amused.  L.  &  W.,  No.  iii. 
6|X9iin. 

8579  NO  FOOL  LIKE  THE  OLD  FOOL. 

Published  23^  May,  1794^  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N°  53,  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  An  elderly  sportsman  with  a  gun,  grinning  broadly,  holds  out 
his  r.  hand  to  a  pretty  gipsy  girl  (1.),  who  tells  his  fortune.  Meantime  a 
boy  stuffs  a  cat  into  his  game-pouch,  to  replace  a  pheasant  which  a  seated 
gipsy  girl  holds  up  in  amused  triumph.  Behind  are  two  boys  and  a  camp- 
fire  over  which  hangs  a  pot.  Trees  form  a  background.  L.  &  W.,  No.  1 12. 
6j»gX9iin. 

8580  THE  PATIENT  TURN'D  DOCTOR.  OR  THE  PHYSICIAN 
FORCED  TO  TAKE  HIS  OWN  STUFF 

Published  12*^  May  1794,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N"  53  Fleet  Street 
London. 

Engraving.  A  doctor  kneels  abjectly  in  profile  to  the  r.,  gaping  up  at  his 
patient,  who  has  risen  from  his  arm-chair  and  stands  over  him  with  medicine- 
bottle  in  one  hand,  a  cane  raised  menacingly  in  the  other.  Behind  the  chair 
a  pretty  young  woman  (r.)  stands  holding  a  medicine-bottle.  Behind  her 
is  a  curtained  bed.  Houses  are  seen  through  the  window  (1.),  L.  &  W., 
No.  114. 
6|  X  8|  in. 

8581  A  RELISH. 

Published  20*''  May,  1794,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N°  53,  Fleet-Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  Two  huntsmen  are  seated  at  a  table  outside  a  wayside  inn, 
on  which  is  a  sirloin  of  beef,  &c.  One  turns  to  take  on  his  knee  a  pretty 
girl  who  holds  a  jug;  the  other  (r.)  eats  voraciously.  Behind,  the  inn- 
keeper hurries  from  the  door  with  a  punch-bowl.  At  a  horse-trough  (1.), 
placed  under  the  inn-sign  of  a  leaping  stag,  two  saddle-horses  are  drinking ; 
an  ostler  stands  beside  them.  L.  &  W.,  No,  116. 
yXQjin. 

*  In  'Caricatures',  ii.  142. 

141 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL   AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8582  GREAT  PLENTY  AND  LITTLE  WASTE. 
[?  I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  12^^  June,  iyg4  by  Laurie  &  Whittle ^  N°  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  A  buxom  lady  walks  forward  and  to  the  r.  towards  a  man  in 
riding-dress  (r.)  who  inspects  her  through  a  quizzing-glass.  A  ribbon 
encircles  her  high  waist  (cf.  No.  8571,  &c.)  and  her  petticoats  projecting 
in  front  exaggerate  her  portly  figure.  She  carries  a  large  muff  and  holds 
a  glove  in  her  1.  hand.  Behind  her  a  small  footman  holding  a  large  closed 
umbrella  marches  stiffly.  In  the  background  is  a  tree,  under  which  is  a  seat 
in  back  view,  on  which  a  man  and  woman  are  sitting.  L.  &  W.,  No.  119. 
611x811  in. 

8583  THE  FARMER'S  RETURN— OR  NEWS  FROM  LONDON. 
Published  21'^  July,  1794.  by  R.  Laurie  &  J.  Whittle,  N°  53,  Fleet 

Street,  London. 

Engraving  (coloured'  and  uncoloured  impressions).  The  farmer  sits 
surrounded  by  a  circle  of  amused  and  intent  listeners.  His  face  is  bucolic^ 
but  he  is  well  dressed,  with  striped  waistcoat  and  top-boots.  His  pretty 
wife  (r.)  sits  between  two  children.  A  yokel  in  a  smock  frock  spills  his 
beer.  Two  other  men  and  a  stout  woman  complete  the  party.  The  back- 
ground is  the  wall  of  a  bare  room  with  one  casement  window  (r.).  L.  & 
W.,  No.  121. 
7X8|in. 

8584  A  CARD  PARTY. 

[?  L  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  i&^  Aug^  ^794-  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N"  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  Four  ugly  and  elderly  persons  seated  at  a  card-table  lit  by 
candles;  each  holds  three  or  four  cards.  A  footman  (1.)  with  glasses  on  a 
salver  stands  at  the  elbow  of  a  player,  a  fat  man,  who  holds  a  glass.  Eight 
other  guests,  caricatured,  stand  behind  the  table  talking.  A  patterned 
carpet,  a  panelled  wall,  and  candle-sconces  fixed  to  oval  mirrors  complete 
the  design.  Similar  in  character  to  No.  7746.  L.  &  W.,  No.  122. 
6|x8iiin. 

8585  A  NUN  CONFESSING  HER  PAST  FOLLIES  TO  FATHER 
SLY-BOOTS.     126 

[?  O'Keefe  del.] 

Published  r^  Octr  1794.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N"  53  Fleet  Street 
London. 

Engraving.  A  young  woman,  elaborately  dressed,  sits  with  downcast  eyes 
in  profile  to  the  1.  at  a  table  on  which  are  a  book  and  rosary.  On  her  r. 
sits,  on  a  striped  settee,  a  'priest'  wearing  a  skull-cap;  a  hat  and  cloak  on 
a  chair  and  stool  show  that  he  is  a  visitor.  He  holds  a  book,  looking  towards 
the  'nun'  with  a  smile.  The  room  is  fashionably  furnished  with  two  sash- 

*  In  'Caricatures',  ii.  141. 
X42 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1794 

windows,  in  one  of  which  stands  a  large  vase  of  flowers.   Between  them  is 
an  oval  picture  of  ( ?)  the  Temptation  of  St.  Anthony.   Beneath  the  title : 

At  Twelve,  I  began  to  think  of  a  Man, 

At  Thirteen,  I  Sighed  for  a  Man, 

At  Fourteen  I  was  Violently  in  Love  with  a  Man, 

At  Fifteen  I  run  away  with  a  Man. 

But  he  was  a  Very  Pretty  Man — therefore  I  hope  youll  Pardon  me  Sir. 
*Nun'  connoted  the  inmate  of  a  house  of  ill  fame,  see  No.  5177,  &c. 
6fX9jin. 

8586  THE  FINISHING  TOUCH. 
[?  I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  13^^  OcV  1794.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N"  53  Fleet  Street, 

London. 
Engraving.  A  pretty  young  woman  leans  back  in  an  arm-chair  while  a 
hairdresser  applies  paint  to  her  face  from  a  small  box.  She  wears  a  morning- 
gown  which  leaves  her  breast  much  exposed.  A  woman  (1.)  stands  full-face 
behind  her  chair  pouring  out  a  glass  of  Hollands.  On  the  r.  is  a  dressing- 
table.  L.  &  W.,  No.  127  (where  the  title  continues,  'of  an  Impure's  Face'). 
6|X9|in. 

8587  CHRISTMAS  GAMBOLS,  OR  A  KISS  UNDER  THE  MISTLE- 
TOE.    128 

Published  22^  OcV  1794  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N°  53  Fleet  Street, 

London. 
Engraving.  Servants  in  a  kitchen.  A  groom  wearing  spurred  top-boots 
holds  the  cook  round  the  waist  under  a  bunch  of  mistletoe.  She  (smiling) 
flourishes  a  ladle  and  holds  his  pigtail  queue.  Two  men-servants  seated 
on  a  settle  (1.),  one  with  a  frothing  tankard,  watch  with  amusement,  as  does 
a  fourth  man  standing  on  the  r.  Behind  is  a  large  open  fire  with  a  cauldron 
hanging  from  a  chain.  Cooking-utensils,  a  lantern,  &c.,  are  ranged  on  the 
chimney-piece.   Above  the  settle  is  a  sporting  picture.   Beneath  the  title: 

Bridget  the  Cook  on  Christmas  day. 

When  all  was  Mirth  &  Jollity, 

Was  rudely  kissed,  by  Saucy  Joe; 

And  that  beneath  the  Mistletoe, 

But  she  returned  it  with  the  Ladle, 

And  laid  about,  when  he  was  Addle, 

For  Maids  are  not  to  be  thus  taken 

And  all  their  Virgin  Honor  shaken. 
6|X9i\in. 

8588  CATCH'D  NAPPING.     130 

[?L  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  J*'  Dec'  1794.   by  Laurie   <Sf   Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street ^ 

London. 
Engraving.  Two  country  girls  (1.)  lie  on  a  bank  asleep,  in  alluring  attitudes. 
Two  young  sportsmen  with  guns  approach  them  cautiously,  each  with  a 
hand  raised  in  a  silencing  gesture. 
6iix8|in. 

143 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8589  AN  EXHIBITION.     133 
P.I.  de  Loutherbourg,  Inv.  &  Fecit. 

Published  12^^  May  1794.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N"  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Aquatint,  in  the  manner  of  a  water-colour  drawing.  The  corner  of  a 
picture-gallery  with  a  crowd  of  spectators  peering  at  two  pictures  on  the  r. 
The  most  prominent  are  a  short  fat  man,  resembling  caricatures  of  Captain 
Grose,  and  a  dwarfish  boy  who  stand  in  profile  to  the  r.  A  man  wearing 
a  cocked  hat,  evidently  standing  on  a  bench,  looks  through  a  quizzing-glass 
at  the  upper  picture.  Two  men  in  back  view,  one  seated,  one  standing, 
look  at  pictures  on  the  back  wall,  where  a  landscape  is  hung.  The  dress 
of  both  men  and  women  is  of  an  earlier  date. 
7i«eX8|in. 

8590  DOCTORS  DIFFER  AND  THEIR  PATIENTS  DIE.     143 

[?I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  24^  Bed'  iyg4  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  A  patient,  wrapped  in  shroud-like  draperies,  sits  (1.)  in  a  high- 
backed  arm-chair  gazing  up  and  to  the  1.  Two  doctors  in  the  foreground 
fight  each  other,  overturning  a  round  table  on  which  are  medicine-phials. 
A  lean  doctor  (1.)  flourishes  the  wig  of  his  fat  opponent,  whom  he  clutches 
by  the  neck-cloth.  The  fat  doctor  (r.)  siezes  the  other's  pigtail  queue. 
6|X9in. 

8591  FOGGY  WEATHER.     144 

[?I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  22^  Dec"  1794.  by  Laurie  <Sf  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.   A  stout  lady  (1.),  her  hands  in  a  muff,  cannonades  into  a  fat 
parson  walking  in  the  opposite  direction.    Behind  (r.)  a  rider  urges  his 
horse  forward ;  on  the  1.  a  pedestrian  walks  into  a  pond. 
6|X9  in. 

8592  SLIPPERY  WEATHER    145  [i794] 

[Pub.  Laurie  &  Whittle.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  Jew  has  fallen  to  the  ground;  water 
gushes  from  a  stand-pipe  into  his  face ;  he  has  a  pair  of  breeches,  showing 
he  deals  in  old  clothes.  Two  laughing  young  women  watch  the  disaster  (r.). 
A  youth  holding  a  pitcher  grins  delightedly,  a  passer-by  (1.)  looks  round 
to  smile.   Beneath  are  eight  lines  of  verse  beginning : 

Early  one  Morning  Sue  &  Ciss, 
Went  out  to  fetch  some  water, 
Moses  forsooth  must  have  a  Kiss, 
But  Mark  what  followed  after. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Juden  in  der  Karikatur,  p.  54. 
6|X9i  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  139. 

144 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1794 

8593  THE  TUNBRIDGE  LOVE  LETTER. 

THE    LADY'S    ANSWER    TO    THE    TUNBRIDGE    LOVE 
LETTER. 

Price  Six  Pence.    Published  12^^  May,  ^794  ^y  Laurie  &  Whittle, 

N°  53,  Fleet  Street,  London. 
A  rebus:  two  engraved  letters  on  a  folding  sheet,  similar  in  character  to 
Nos.  5079,  5080  (1772).  The  engraved  objects  are  enclosed  within 
brackets.  The  first  begins :  Your  (lady)(ship)  may  (well)  (bee)  in  a  (nr^aze), 
&  think  either  (caterpillar)  or  (windmill)  in  my  (crown) /or  being  a  (medlar) 
out  of  my  own  (sphere),  .  ,  . 

10  X  13!  in.  (pi.),  the  two  letters  separated  by  vertical  lines  where  the  print 
is  folded. 

8594  GROWN  GENTLEMEN  LEARNING  TO  SKATE 
London    Published  Dec""  24  1794  by  T  Prattent  46  Cloth  Fair  & 

y  Evans  41  Long  Lane 
Engraving.  A  fat,  elderly  skater  lies  on  his  back  (r.).  A  younger  man  wearing 
skates  is  towed  along  the  ice  by  a  runner  whose  coat-tails  he  holds.  There 
are  two  other  figures.   Beneath  the  title  are  four  lines  of  verse,  beginning : 

Alas  what  various  ills  await 

The  booby  who  attempts  to  skate.  . . .    (Cf.  No.  5914.) 
6|x8|  in.  Cannan  Coll.,  No.  334. 

THE  LOTTERY  CONTRAST.     (638)      See  No.  3768.   [17  Feb.  1794]' 
Mezzotint  after  R.  Dighton.   Published  Bowles  and  Carver. 
See  also  Nos.  8231,  8232, 

8595  QUARRELSOME  TAYLORS,  OR  TWO  OF  A  TRADE  SEL- 
DOM AGREE. 

644    Dighton  del. 

London  Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  S^  PauVs  Church  Yard. 

[c.  1794] 
Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  A  ragged  'botching  tailor'  is  climbing 
out  of  his  bulk  or  stall  (r.)  to  attack  with  his  goose  a  tailor  who  hastens 
from  him,  turning  to  snip  his  shears  contemptuously.  Above  the  pent- 
house stall  is  a  placard,  Simon  Snip — maks  &  mendes  Mens  &  Buoys 
reddy  mad  Close.  N.B.  nete  Gallows  for  Breaches.  A  garment  and  a  pair 
of  braces  (see  No.  8039)  hang  on  a  line;  within  a  window  is  a  sheet  of 
patterns.  The  other,  who  is  neatly  dressed,  carries  a  coat  under  his  arm ; 
a  book  of  patterns  protrudes  from  his  coat  pocket.  A  street  receding  in 
perspective  (r.)  and  the  fa9ade  of  a  dignified  house  (1.)  form  a  background. 
I2f  X9I  in.  'Caricatures',  i.  204. 

8596  LET  US  ALL  BE  UNHAPPY  TOGETHER. 

3iy    Published  12^^  May  1794.  by  Laurie  ^  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 

London. 
Mezzotint.   Four  men  sit  at  a  small  square  table  on  which  are  glasses  and 
an  empty  punch-bowl.    All  have  expressions  of  deep  melancholy.    One 

'  From  an  impression  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  W.  T.  Spencer,  New  Oxford 
Street  (1932). 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

reverses  his  glass,  another  breaks  his  pipe,  the  bowl  of  which  still  smokes, 
the  third  weeps,  the  fourth  looks  down  with  a  gesture  of  deprecating 
misery.   Beneath  the  title  are  thirty-two  lines  of  verse,  beginning : 

We  bipeds  made  up  of  frail  clay, 

Alas!  are  the  children  of  sorrow; 
And  though  brisk  and  merry  to  day 
We  all  may  be  zvretched  to-morrow. 
iifxio  in. 


146 


1795 
POLITICAL  SATIRES 

8597  SUFFOLK  RATS  PROTECTING  THEIR  CHEESE  OR  THE 
COUNTY  FENCIBLES  CALLED  TO  ARMS 

[I,  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  Jan^  J*'  J 795  hy  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  who  has  lately 

fitted  up  his  Exhibition  in  an  Entire  Novel  Stile  admittance  one 

Shilling.  Folios  Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Rats  in  uniform  make  military  evolu- 
tions, &c.,  on  a  large  cheese  which  stands  outside  an  inn,  with  a  projecting 
sign.  Hard  Cheese.  On  the  inn  (r.)  is  a  placard:  wanted  a  number  of  able 
Bodied  young  Men  for  the  Suffolk  Fencibles  &c  enquire  at  the  Sign  of  the 
Hard  Cheese.  Over  the  door  is  Stablin[g\ ;  from  a  window  the  ( ?)  landlord 
looks  out  complacently.  In  front  of  the  inn  is  a  long  line  of  saddle-horses 
with  a  notice :  Saddles  to  let.  A  number  of  soldier-rats  fire  muskets  from 
a  cavity  in  the  front  of  the  cheese  at  a  large  fierce  cat  (1.).  Others  scamper 
away  into  holes,  or  rush  up  the  face  of  the  cheese.  On  the  top,  in  a  wide 
depression,  a  body  of  rats  with  muskets  is  being  drilled.  They  have  a  large 
flag :  To  Honor  we  call  you  not  press  you  like  slaves.  On  the  top  of  the  cheese 
a  drummer-rat  beats  his  drum. 

Cf.  the  Essex  Calves  of  No.  8459,  the  Hampshire  Hogs  of  No.  8492. 
Fencibles  differed  from  the  Militia  in  not  being  chosen  by  ballot.  Fortescue, 
The  County  Lieutenancies  and  the  Army,  1909,  p.  4. 
8iixi3iin. 

8598  RT  HONBLE  CHARLES  JAMES  FOX. 

Engraved  for  the  Carlton  House  Magazine.  [i  Jan.  1795] 

Engraving.  A  reissue  of  No.  5836  from  the  Political  Magazine  1781.  The 
explanatory  text  is  a  letter  professing  to  enclose  a  drawing  to  be  engraved : 
'he  is  represented  as  a  gentleman,  and  I  hope  he  will  support  that  character.' 
There  is  no  allusion  to  the  allegorical  figures  of  republican  faction  in  the 
design;  it  is  said  that  Fox  has  hardly  been  mentioned  since  the  meeting 
of  Parliament,  'but  the  time  approaches  when  we  shall  be  convinced  that 
he  is  yet  alive'. 
5f  X  3f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448  (iii.  439). 

8599-8606 

A  set  of  eight  portraits  etched  by  Gillray,  impressions  being  issued 
separately  (those  in  the  Print  Room  are  coloured)  and  also  printed  together 
(uncoloured)  on  a  single  sheet.  The  words  spoken  are  etched  beneath  the 
publication  line.  The  drawings  for  Nos.  8599,  8600,  8602-5,  by  an 
amateur,  with  inscriptions,  are  in  the  Print  Room  (201.  c.  6/86-91).  All 
are  reprinted  in  G.W.G.  (1830)  but  are  not  mentioned  by  Grego  or  Wright 
and  Evans. 

147 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8599  MINISTERIAL  ELOQUENCE. 

A.S.  inv 

Pu¥  Jari^  6'*  1795,  by  H  Humphrey  N  37  New  Bond  Street 

Pitt  (H.L.)  stands  looking  to  the  r.,  his  r.  hand  held  palm  upwards.  He 
says:  Our  great  successes  in  the  East  &  West  Indies,  conquest  of  Corsica; 
entertain  no  doubt  you  will  chearfully  grant  the  Supplies  for  carrying  on  this 
just  &  necessary  War. 

By  the  autumn  of  1794  the  British  had  secured  all  the  French  colonies 
in  the  W.  Indies  except  Guadeloupe,  but  their  position  was  precarious. 
Pondicherry  surrendered  in  1793.  Corsica  was  taken  in  August  1794,  see 
Nos.  8516,  &c.  Cf.  Nos.  8614,  8626.  On  the  French  declaration  of  war, 
Pitt  (12  Feb.)  moved  an  Address  assuring  the  King  of  'firm  and  effectual 
support  ...  in  the  prosecution  of  a  just  and  necessary  war'.  He  repeated 
the  phrase  in  his  budget  speech  of  23  Feb.  1795.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  1315. 
Cf.  No.  9286. 
4iiX3|in.  (pi.). 

8600  OPPOSITION  ELOQUENCE.* 

Fox  (H.L.)  stands  full-face,  r.  arm  bent  and  r.  fist  clenched,  looking  up 
and  to  the  1.  with  an  accusing  frown.  He  says:  Ruin'd! — undone! — our 
Commerce  destroyed,  our  Armies  beaten.  Fox  on  30  Dec.  1794  spoke  of 
'disasters  which  not  fortune  but  folly,  had  brought  upon  the  country'  and 
called  the  war  'calamitous  beyond  example'.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  1052-3. 
4l|X3|in.  (pi.). 

8601  NAVAL  ELOQUENCE. 

J.Gyfed—Publ^Jany  6  17 g 5  by  H.  Humphrey  37  Old  Bond  Sir* 

The  Duke  of  Clarence  (T.Q.L.),  dressed  as  a  rough  sailor,  stands  full-face 
with  folded  arms,  looking  to  the  r.  with  a  belligerent  stare.  He  wears  a 
shapeless  hat,  a  naval  coat,  striped  trousers,  a  handkerchief  knotted  round 
his  neck.  He  says :  Damn  all  Bond  S*  Sailors  I  say,  a  parcel  of  smell  smocks! 
they'd  sooner  creep  into  a  Jordan  than  face  the  French!  dam  me! 

For  the  Duke  and  Mrs.  Jordan  (and  the  coarse  puns  on  her  name)  see 
No.  7835,  &c.  His  service  afloat  ended  with  his  promotion  to  rear-admiral 
3  Dec.  1790.  His  applications  for  naval  employment  during  the  war  were 
ignored  or  refused.  D.N.B.  For  Bond-street  loungers  cf.  No.  8377,  &c. 
See  No.  8653. 

Impressions  (coloured  and  uncoloured)  printed  separately  are  without 
title  and  inscriptions. 
4TiX3i'6in.  (pL). 

8602  MILITARY  ELOQUENCE.' 

An  officer  (T.Q.L.)  in  regimentals  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  r.  arm 

raised  and  fist  clenched  in  angry  protest.   He  says:  You  Lie,  by  G .' 

He  is  not  unlike  the  Duke  of  York  (calumniated  by  his  own  officers 
during  the  Netherlands  campaign,  see  Nos.  8327,  8425),  but  according  to 
the  (unreliable)  Illustrative  Description  to  G.W.G.  (p.  89)  is  'Supposed  to 

be  Major  S ,  a  distinguished  officer  in  the  East  India  service'. 

4iiX3f6in- 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  8599. 

148 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

8603  FOOLS  ELOQUENCE.^ 

T.Q.L.  portrait  of  a  plainly  dressed  man  standing  in  profile  to  the  r., 
holding  a  purse  in  his  r,  hand.   He  says:  /  will  hold  you  Ten  Guineas  of  it. 
He  resembles  caricatures  of  Lord  Lauderdale. 
4iiX3i'6in.  (pi.)- 

8604  BILLINGSGATE  ELOQUENCE.' 

A  lean  and  elderly  virago  (T.Q.L.)  with  straggling  hair,  wearing  a  handker- 
chief which  scarcely  covers  her  breast,  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  glaring 
fiercely.  Her  arms  are  bare  to  the  elbow ;  she  holds  her  thumb  and  second 
finger  together,  her  1.  hand  is  on  her  hip.    She  says :  What  do  you  know, 

you  B ? — every  one  knows  I  am  a &c ,  and  setting  that  aside 

who  can  say  Black  to  my  eye? 

Her  profile  is  that  of  Lady  Cecilia  Johnston  as  caricatured  by  Gillray. 
She  had  a  bitter  tongue,  cf.  No.  8158. 
4l-iX3iin.  (pi.). 

8605  PULPIT  ELOQUENCE.' 

A  fat  and  placid-looking  preacher  stands  in  his  pulpit  in  profile  to  the  1., 
reading  his  sermon.  He  says :  /  shall  divide  my  Discourse  into  Seven  Heads 

namely He  resembles  the  parson  of  No.  8428,  and  is  probably  Moore, 

the  Archbishop;  this  is  supported  by  the  engraving  (1792)  after  Romney. 

4iiX3iin.  (pl.)- 

8606  BAR  ELOQUENCE.' 

A  barrister  (T.Q.L.)  in  wig  and  gown  stands  directed  to  the  I.,  his  r.  arm 
raised,  his  brief  in  his  r.  hand,  his  I.  hand  extended.   He  says:  Did  your 
Lordships  ever  hear  of  such  an  infamous  Scoundrel?    He  has  a  certain 
resemblance  to  Erskine,  cf.  No.  8502. 
4iiX3iVn.  (pl.)- 

8607  ROYAL  RECREATION 
[L  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  January  7  J795  by  SW  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Catherine  II,  seated  on  the  throne, 
eagerly  receives  the  heads  of  Poles  off^ered  to  her  by  a  ferocious-looking 
officer.  Three  attendants  advance  behind  him  with  baskets  filled  with 
heads  of  young  women  and  children ;  the  foremost  kneels,  holding  out  his 
basket,  the  next  carries  a  basket  on  his  shoulders ;  above  it  flies  a  demon. 
On  the  extreme  r.,  on  a  pedestal,  is  the  bust  of  Fox  by  Nollekens  (see 
No.  7902),  looking  wryly  over  his  r.  shoulder  at  the  Empress. 

The  officer,  Suvoroff,  holds  out  by  the  hair  to  the  Empress  three  heads, 
one  of  which  she  touches  with  a  finger.  His  sleeves  are  rolled  up ;  in  his 
1.  hand  is  a  bunch  of  heads,  under  his  1.  arm  a  long  bloody  sword  and  a 
document:  Articles  of  Capitulation  Warsaw.  On  his  short  top-boots  are 
enormous  spurs.  He  says :  Thus  my  Royal  Mistress  have  I  fulfilled  in  the 
fullest  extent  your  Tender  Affectionate  &  Maternal  Commission  to  those 
Deluded  People  of  Poland,  &  have  brought  you  the  Pickings  of  Ten  Thousand 
Heads  tenderly  detached  from  their  deluded  bodies  the  Day  after  Capitulation. 
The  Empress  answers:  My  Dear  General  you  have  well  Executed  your  Com- 
mission; but  could  not  you  prevail  on  any  of  the  Polish  Women  to  Poison  their 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  8599. 
149 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Husbands?  (An  allusion  to  the  murder  of  Peter  III,  cf.  No.  8072.)  To  the 
demon  she  says :  Go  my  little  Ariel  &  prepare  our  Altars  for  these  pretty 
Sacrifices,  we  must  have  te  Deum  on  the  Occasion.  The  demon,  a  nude  bat- 
winged  creature,  says:  Bravo  this  outdoes  the  Poison  Scene.  The  Empress 
wears  ermine-trimmed  robes  and  holds  a  sceptre,  but  does  not  (as  usual) 
wear  a  crown.  Beside  her  (1.)  lies  a  bear,  only  the  head  and  forepaws  being 
visible. 

Suvoroff  rapidly  defeated  the  Poles  in  the  autumn  of  1794  after  the 
retirement  of  the  Prussians  from  the  siege  of  Warsaw.  His  capture  of 
Praga,  a  suburb  of  Warsaw,  was  followed  by  a  terrible  massacre  and  from 
Praga  he  dictated  terms  to  Warsaw  (entered  8  Nov.),  and  Poland  was 
conquered.  Camb.  Mod.  Hist.  viii.  591  ff.  The  indiscriminate  massacre 
was  contrary  to  the  orders  of  Suv6roff,  who  was  impotent  to  check  the 
brutahty  of  his  troops.  W.  Lyon  Blease,  Suvorof,  1920,  pp.  170-85.  He 
was  rewarded  by  the  Empress  with  the  rank  of  field-marshal  and  a  gift  of 
jewels.  See  Nos.  8477,  8483,  8674,  8844,  9387,  9390,  9422.  Cf.  No.  9345. 
8^Xi3iin. 

8608  THE  COALITION,  A  SCENE  ON  THE  CONTINENT 
[L  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  JarC  12  iyg5  by  J  Aitken  N°  14  Castle  Street  Leicester  Square 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Ragged  French  soldiers  fraternize  with 
stout  Dutchmen.  In  the  centre  a  tall  sansculotte  (r.)  and  a  short,  fat  Dutch- 
man embrace  with  a  kiss ;  the  Frenchman  picks  the  other's  pocket,  smiling 
sardonically.  Another  Frenchman  (1.)  is  about  to  plunge  a  dagger  into  the 
Dutchman's  back.  In  the  foreground  (r.)  an  almost  naked  Frenchman  sits 
on  a  barrel  of  Gin  drinking  from  a  Gin  bottle.  In  the  middle  distance  (1.) 
a  ragged  but  foppish  Frenchman  bows  insinuatingly  to  a  fat  vrouw;  her 
husband,  standing  between  them  and  smoking  a  pipe,  makes  the  introduc- 
tion with  a  dubious  scowl.  In  the  background  (r.)  a  Dutchman  with 
uplifted  club  drives  off  a  band  of  sansculottes. 

An  anticipation  of  the  invasion  of  Holland  (the  Waal  was  crossed  14  Jan. 
1795)  and  a  satire  on  the  attitude  of  the  Dutch  patriots  to  the  invaders. 
The  Republic  was  still  nominally  the  ally  of  England  and  a  member  of  the 
Coalition  (see  No.  8299).  Auckland  wrote  16  Jan.  1795  to  Lord  H.  Spencer 
of  the  imminent  capture  of  Holland :  'The  certainty  of  it  is  not  yet  compre- 
hended, nor  is  it  easy  to  foresee  what  the  popular  impression  will  be.  Under 
any  other  circumstances  the  ministry  would  be  changed;  but  Mr.  Fox's 
party  is  dreaded  and  disliked.  .  .  .'  Auckland  Corr.  iii.  281.  The  outcome 
of  the  conquest  is  prophetically  rendered,  see  Van  Loon,  The  Fall  of  the 
Dutch  Republic,  Epilogue.  See  No.  8613,  a  sequel,  and  for  the  conquest 
see  also  Nos.  8426,  8493,  8630,  8631,  8633,  8658,  8825,  8831,  8846,  &c., 
9224,  9264.  Cf.  No.  9034. 
9^X13!  in. 

8  609  THE  BLESSINGS  OF  PEACE,  |  THE  CURSES  OF  WAR, 
Designed  &  Engrav'd  by  J^  Qy  for  the  Chairman  &  Members  of  the 

Crown  &  Anchor  Society. 
PuMJany  12^''  1795.  by  H.  Humphrey,  N°  jy  New  Bond  Street 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).    A  design  in  two  adjacent  circles,  with 
inscriptions  abo  ve  and  below  the  circles  on  an  aquatinted  ground.   In  the 
manner  of  genre,  not  satire. 

150 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

[i]  The  kitchen  of  a  young  English  farmer  who  sits  with  his  arm  round 
a  little  boy  (r.)  who  stands  at  his  knee  eating  an  apple,  while  his  pretty  wife 
(1.)  holds  out  a  buxom  child  to  kiss  him.  He  holds  a  sickle.  A  dog  sits  at 
his  feet.  Behind  (r.),  before  a  blazing  fire,  a  young  woman  places  a  sirloin 
of  beef  upon  a  round  table,  laid  for  a  meal,  with  a  large  pitcher  beside  it. 
A  pestle  and  mortar  and  other  brass  utensils  are  neatly  ranged  on  the 
chimney-piece,  beside  which  is  a  spit.  A  ham  and  string  of  onions  hang 
on  the  wall.  Through  an  open  door  (1.)  are  a  hen  and  chickens,  two  pigs 
feeding  in  a  stye,  and  a  haystack.  The  title  continues:  Prosperity  & 
Domestick-Happiness. 

[2]  A  young  farmer  lies  stabbed  to  the  heart  by  a  bayonet,  surrounded 
by  his  despairing  and  terrified  wife  and  three  children.  Behind  (r.)  is  a 
ruined  house.  In  the  background  (1.)  French  soldiers  are  driving  off  sheep 
and  cattle,  and  a  village  (r.)  is  in  flames.  Behind  is  the  sea  with  ships  of 
war  at  anchor.   The  title  continues :  Invasion,  Massacre  &  Desolation. 

Above  the  two  circles :  Such  Britain  was! — Such  Flanders,  Spain,  Holland, 
now  is!  Between  them :  from  such  a  sad  reverse  O  Gracious  God,  preserve 
our  Country!!  Below  them  is  etched :  To  the  People  &  the  Parliament  of 
Great-Britain,  this  Print  is  dedicated,  by  the  Crown  &  Anchor  Society. 

"Cursed  be  the  Man  who  owes  his  Greatness  to  his  Country's  Ruin!!!!! 

For  Gillray's  attitude  to  the  Crown  and  Anchor  Society,  cf.  No.  8316,  &c. 
For  prints  on  the  horrors  of  war,  see  No.  8328,  &c. ;  for  comparisons  of  the 
state  of  England  and  France,  No.  8284,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  181.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  112.  Van  Stolk,  No. 
5215.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 

Also  two  earlier  states  without  letters.    On  One  are  tentative  pencil 
inscriptions  by  Gillray,  much  corrected.    They  include,  besides  those 
adopted:  *of  the  truth  of  y^  representation  an  appeal  is  made  &  submitted 
to  the  feelings  of  ye  internal  Enemies  of  G*  Britain.' 
iifX  I4i  in.   Circles,  7^  in.  diam. 


8610  THE  LOVER'S  DREAM. 

y^  Gillray  des**  et  fed. 

Pu¥  Jariy  24^  1795,  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  3J,  New  Bond  Street. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales  lies  in  bed  asleep, 
clasping  a  pillow  with  a  rapt  expression,  his  closed  eyes  directed  towards 
a  vision  of  the  Princess  Caroline  who  leans  towards  him  floating  on  clouds, 
a  radiant  beauty  with  outstretched  arms.  A  winged  figure  with  the  torch 
of  Hymen  (r.)  holds  up  her  draperies,  while  a  cupid  with  bow  and  arrows 
flying  above  the  Princess's  head  holds  up  the  heavy  curtains  of  the  four-post 
bed.  On  the  1.,  also  emerging  from  clouds,  the  King  and  Queen,  carica- 
tured, crouch  over  the  Prince's  bed.  The  former,  a  grotesque  figure, 
holds  out  a  large  money-bag  inscribed  £150000  P^  Ann^.  The  Queen 
holds  out  a  book :  The  Art  of  getting  Pretty  Children.  Both  have  expressions 
of  avid  delight.  On  the  1.  and  among  clouds  persons  flee  in  alarm  at  the 
approach  of  the  bride:  Fox  scattering  dice  from  a  dice-box,  Sheridan  as  a 
bearded  Jew  wearing  a  broad-brimmed  hat.  Above  them  are  three  women : 
the  most  prominent,  Mrs.  Fitzherbert,  with  clasped  hands ;  next  ( ?)  Lady 
Jersey,  and  between  and  behind  them  a  young  woman  wearing  a  cap  (cf. 
No.  861 1).  Above  their  heads  two  tiny  jockeys  gallop  ofl",  indicating  that 
the  Prince  will  give  up  the  turf  (cf.  No.  7918,  &c.).   From  the  foot  of  the 

151 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

bed  (I.),  which  extends  diagonally  across  the  design  from  r.  to  1.,  rolls  a 
cask  of  Port  on  which  an  infant  Bacchus  with  the  head  and  clumsy  figure 
of  Lord  Derby  is  seated  astride;  he  is  about  to  fall,  dropping  his  glass. 
On  the  head  of  the  bed  is  the  Prince's  coronet  with  feathers.  Beside  it  (r.) 
is  a  chamber-pot  in  which  is  a  bottle  of  Velno  (see  No.  7592).  Beneath  the 
title:  "yi  Thousand  Virtues  seem  to  lackey  her,  Driving  far  off  each  thing  of 
Sin  &  Guilt."  Milton. 

The  Prince  had  consented  to  marry  on  condition  of  the  payment  of  his 
debts  and  an  increased  income,  see  No.  8673,  &c.  The  Princess  Caroline 
left  Brunswick  on  30  Dec.  1794,  but  was  delayed  in  Hanover  owing  to  the 
naval  situation.  See  Malmesbury,  Diaries  and  Corr.,  1845,  iii.  147  ff.,  and 
Nos.  8487,  8498,  861 1,  8634,  8643. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  185,  186  (small  copy).  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  115. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
"iXisfin. 

8611  THOUGHTS  ON  MATRIMONY. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadill  Jan^  26  1795 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  stands  with  folded  arms,  in 
the  corner  of  a  room,  gazing  up  at  a  T.Q.L.  portrait  of  Lady  Jersey  as  a 
pretty  young  woman ;  she  looks  down  at  him  alluringly.  The  portrait  hangs 
over  the  chimney-piece  (r.),  a  fire  burns  in  the  grate.  From  his  r.  hand 
dangles  disregarded  an  oval  miniature  of  the  Princess  of  Brunswick. 
Beside  the  Prince,  who  turns  his  back  on  him,  stands  a  grotesque  German 
courier,  who  holds  up  a  tiny  pair  of  stockings  on  the  feet  of  which  are  shoes. 
The  German  has  moustaches,  a  pigtail  queue  reaching  to  the  ground,  he 
wears  spurred  top-boots  and  holds  a  glove;  he  gapes  with  astonishment 
at  the  portrait.  On  the  two  walls  other  pictures  are  arranged  in  two  rows,  the 
lower  part  only  of  the  upper  row  being  visible.  These  are  (above) :  Pretty 
Millener,  a  reclining  figure ;  Portrait  oj  a  Lady  &  Child,  a  pregnant  lady 
leads  a  child;  M"  Crouch  (T.Q.L.).  Below,  M«  Robinson  (T.Q.L.) ; 
Florizel  &  Perdita,  the  pair  with  arms  entwined,  the  King  and  ( .'')  Queen 
crouch  behind  a  tree  to  spy  on  thtm ;  Fitsherbet  [sic],  who  stands,  looking 
to  the  1.,  holding  a  rosary. 

For  Florizel  and  Perdita  (Mary  Robinson)  see  No.  5767,  &c. ;  for  Mrs. 
Fitzherbert  No.  6924  and  index,  volumes  vi  and  vii;  for  Mrs.  Crouch 
No.  8073 ;  for  Lady  Jersey  No.  8485  and  index.  For  the  Prince's  betrothal 
see  No.  8610,  &c. 
8fxi2iin. 

8612  FRENCH-TELEGRAPH  MAKING  SIGNALS  IN  THE  DARK. 

f  Gy  des"  etfed 

Pu¥  Jany  26^  I795y  by  H.  Humphrey,  N°  J7,  New  Bond  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  newly  invented  French 
telegraph  (semaphore)  stands  on  the  coast,  with  the  head  of  Fox,  in  back 
view  but  looking  to  the  r.  with  a  fiercely  determined  expression.  The  cross- 
beam represents  his  arms  and  the  arms  of  the  semaphore;  the  raised  r. 
hand  holds  a  lantern  which  lights  up  the  French  fleet  (in  full  sail  for 

152 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

England)  and  a  fort  on  the  French  coast  flying  a  large  tricolour  flag  inscribed 
Republique.  The  1.  hand  points  downwards  and  to  the  1.  to  a  dark  cluster 
of  roofs  and  spires  dominated  by  St.  Paul's.  The  base  of  the  telegraph  is 
circular  and  of  brick.  An  arched  opening  shows  the  interior,  in  it  is  a  pile 
of  daggers.  In  the  sky  is  a  waning  moon. 

One  of  many  satires  on  the  attitude  of  Fox  to  France,  see  No.  8286,  &c. 
A  diagram  of  The  Telegraphe,  or  Machine  for  conveying  intelligence  zvith 
wonderful  quickness,  as  used  by  the  French  (in  Print  Room)  was  probably 
known  to  Gillray  (reproduced,  Wheeler  and  Broadley,  ii.  33).  For  the 
English  adaptation  of  the  invention  of  Claude  Chappe  see  No.  9232. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  18 1-2  (small  copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  iii. 
Reprinted,   G.W.G.,   1830.    Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  252;  Wheeler  and 
Broadley,  i.  246. 
8|xi3iin. 


8613  THE  FIRST  ARTICLES  IN  REQUISITION  AT  AMSTER- 
DAM OR  THE  SANS  CULOTTS  BECOME  TOUTS  CULOTTS. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  JaW — 2g  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  sequel  to  No.  8608,  the  two  chief 
figures  resembling  the  embracing  couple:  the  Frenchman  (r.)  holds  against 
his  person  the  baggy  breeches  of  the  Dutchman ;  coins  stream  from  the 
pockets  and  are  piled  on  the  ground.  The  Dutchman  (1.),  standing  with 
bare  thighs,  scratches  his  head  in  dismay,  saying.  Oh  my  Dollars  &  Ducats 

D n  their  Citizenship;  A  fellow  here  calls  me  Frere  Citoyen  and  takes 

away  all  my  Property.  His  hat  and  (broken)  pipe  lie  on  the  ground.  On 
the  1.,  and  in  profile  to  the  r.,  a  ragged  Frenchman  in  Dutch  breeches, 
wearing  a  bonnet-rouge,  capers  delightedly,  holding  to  his  mouth  a  square 
Gin  bottle.  Coins  pour  from  the  breeches.  He  says :  They  may  talk  of  the 
Coldness  of  this  Country  but  by  Gar  here  is  the  Warm  Liqour  for  De  inside 
&  de  Warm  breeches  for  de  out  side.  In  the  foreground  (r.)  a  dwarfish 
Frenchman  sits  on  a  pile  of  sacks  inscribed  Dollars  for  the  use  of  the  National 
Convention.   He  dips  in  his  hand  and  stuff^s  coins  into  his  coat-pocket. 

In  the  background  (1.)  an  almost  naked  Frenchman  capers  delightedly, 
waving  a  hat-full  of  coins,  and  saying :  Aye  Aye,  Equality  is  the  order  of  the 
Day  la  Libertefor  the  Carmagnoles.  On  the  extreme  r.  a  sansculotte  embraces 
a  delighted  fat  Dutchwoman.  Three  barelegged  Dutchmen  are  behind; 
one  says :  /  dont  like  this  Equality  business  I  wish  we  had  not  Invited  theese 
Plundering  Fellows  here,  I  suppose  they'll  make  use  of  my  Frow  next.  A 
Frenchman  wearing  Dutch  breeches  (cf.  No.  9034)  smokes  a  pipe  in  an 
experimental  manner. 

See  No.  8608,  &c.  The  French  invaders  were  in  distress  for  want  of 
food,  clothing,  and  boots,  many  were  barefooted  or  wore  sabots.  Plunder, 
however,  was  forbidden.  [Legrand,]  La  Rev.fr.  en  Hollande,  1 894,  pp.  72-3 . 
In  spite  of  the  fraternization  between  the  Dutch  Patriots  and  the  French 
(see  No.  8631),  the  introduction  of  assignats  and  a  forced  paper  currency, 
requisitions  and  stagnation  of  trade  soon  roused  discontent.  Dropmore 
Papers,  iii.  42,  53-7  (Apr.  1795).  The  conduct  of  the  French  invaders  is 
the  theme  oi Hollandia  Regenerata,  see  No.  8846,  &c.    Cf.  Nos.  9034,  9413. 

Van  Stolk,  No.  5255.  MuUer,  No.  5323. 
8|xi5iin. 

153 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8614  THE  GENIUS  OF  FRANCE  TRIUMPHANT— OR— BRI- 
TANNIA PETITIONING  FOR  PEACE.— Vide,  The  Proposals  of  Oppo- 
sition. 

jfe  Gy  des'^fec* 

London  Pu¥  Feby  2^,  lygs,  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  37,  New  Bond  Street. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Britannia  (1.)  grovels  before  a  monster  (r.) 
representing  the  French  Republic.  Behind  her  stand  Fox,  Sheridan,  and 
Stanhope,  as  sansculottes,  joyfully  hailing  the  apparition.  Britannia  on 
her  knees,  and  bending  forward,  holds  out  her  arms  in  a  gesture  of  abject 
submission,  pointing  to  her  shield  and  spear,  the  crown  and  sceptre,  and 
Magna  Charta  which  lie  on  the  ground  before  her.  She  is  on  the  edge 
of  a  cliff.  The  monster  is  supported  on  dark  clouds ;  he  is  a  man  seated 
with  arms  and  legs  akimbo,  one  jack-boot  is  planted  on  the  sun,  a  face 
in  its  disk  looking  from  the  corners  of  the  eyes  at  Britannia  with  a  dismayed 
expression;  the  other  is  on  a  crescent  enclosing  the  old  moon.  His  seat 
is  the  point  of  a  huge  bomb-shaped  cap  of  Li-ber-tas.  His  head  is  a 
black  cloud  on  which  grotesquely  fierce  features  are  indicated.  Above  his 
head  rises  a  guillotine  emitting  rays  of  light.  His  dress  is  that  of  a  ragged 
sansculotte  with  a  dagger  thrust  in  his  belt. 

The  British  sansculottes  are  also  bare-legged  and  wear  belts  in  which  a 
dagger  is  thrust ;  but  they  have  nothing  of  the  fierce  arrogance  of  France. 
Fox,  his  stockings  ungartered,  and  Sheridan,  shambling  forward  with  pro- 
pitiatory gestures,  remove  their  bonnets-rouges.  Fox  holds  out  two  large 
keys  labelled  Keys  of  the  Bank  of  England;  Sheridan  proffers  a  document: 
We  Promise  the  Surrender  of  the  Navy  of  Great  Brtta[in] — of  Corsica  [see 
No.  8516] — of  the  East  &  West  Indias  [see  No.  8599] — &  to  abolish  the 
Worship  of  a  God  [cf.  No.  8350].  Stanhope,  less  deprecating,  stands  behind 
the  others,  waving  his  bonnet-rouge  and  a  rolled  document  inscribed 
Destruction  of  Parliament.  Beneath  the  title:  To  the  Patriotic  Advocates 
for  Peace,  this  Seemly  sight  is  dedicated. 

A  satire  on  the  repeated  motions  of  the  Opposition  for  peace  with  France. 
See  debates  of  30  Dec.  1794,  6,  26,  and  27  Jan.  1795.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi. 
1016  ff.,  1 130  ff.,  1193  ff.,  1248  ff.  (and  Cornzvallis  Corr.  ii.  279-80). 
Auckland  writes  (16  Jan.)  of  the  debacle  in  Holland  (see  No.  8608,  &c.): 
'Under  any  other  circumstances  the  ministry  would  be  changed;  but  M'' 
Fox's  party  is  dreaded  and  disliked.  .  .  .'  Corr.  iii.  281.  Cf.  Nos.  8626, 8644. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  182.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  1 13.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8|Xi3jin. 

8615  CHARITY  COVERS  A  MULTITUDE  OF  SINS. 

Vide.  Bon  Mot,  at  Carlton  House,  Feb.  3^195- 
f  Gy  des  etfed 
Pu¥  FeP  ^'*  1795'  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  37  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales,  bowing  low  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  receives  a  lady,  dignified  and  handsome,  who  enters,  cover- 
ing with  her  gown  a  girl  who  crouches  low,  looking  at  the  Prince,  and  who 
is  entirely  concealed  except  for  her  profile,  a  hand,  and  the  lower  part  of 
her  dress.  In  the  background  (r.)  is  a  supper-table  at  which  the  King  and 
Queen  (the  latter  addressing  the  former)  are  seated  under  a  canopy  with 
the  royal  arms.  Other  guests  at  the  oval  table  are  freely  sketched.  A 
chandelier  and  patterned  carpet  complete  the  design. 

154 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

On  3  Feb.  the  Prince  gave  a  grand  concert  and  supper  at  Carlton  House 
at  which  the  whole  royal  family  and  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Orange  and 
their  son,  refugees  from  Holland,  were  entertained.  The  royals  supped  in 
a  room  apart.  The  presence  of  Lady  Salisbury,  Lady  Weymouth,  and 
Lady  Jersey  was  noted.  Lond.  Chron.,  4  Feb.  1794. 
8|xi3iin. 

8616  AFFABILITY 
f  Gy  des""  et  fec^ 

Pu¥  FeiP  i&^  1795'  by  H.  Humphrey,  N"  57  New  Bond  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  The  King  in  profile  to  the  r.,  with  the 
Queen  holding  his  r.  arm,  leans  towards  a  startled  yokel  who  clutches  his 
hat  and  a  bucket.  Behind  the  yokel  (r.)  are  pigs  sniffing  at  the  bucket  and 
the  gable  end  of  buildings.  All  are  caricatured.  The  King  wears  riding- 
dress,  with  a  broad-brimmed  hat  and  a  spencer  (see  No.  8192)  over  his 
coat.  He  stands  as  if  knock-kneed,  his  legs  awkwardly  splayed  out.  The 
Queen  is  dwarfish,  wearing  a  hood  over  her  hat  and  a  shapeless  cloak.  In 
her  r.  hand  is  a  snuff-box.  The  yokel,  wearing  smock  and  gaiters,  has  the 
staring  eyes,  lantern  jaws,  and  gaping  mouth  characteristic  of  Gillray's  sans- 
culottes. Beneath  the  title:  "Well,  Friend,  where  a'  you  going.  Hay? — 
what's  your  Name,  hay? — where  d'ye  Live,  hay? — hay?"  Cf.  No.  9041. 

Grego,  Gi/Zroy,  p.  187.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  120.  ReprintedjG.P?^.G., 
1830. 
12^X9!  in. 

8617  AN  ADDRESS  FROM  THE  CITIZENS  OF  N H  TO 

THE  NATIONAL  CONVENTION 

JSf  [Sayers.] 

PuhV'  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street  14  FelP  lygs 

Engraving.  Four  citizens  of  Norwich  seated  on  a  bull,  which  kneels  with 
its  chest  touching  a  cobbled  pavement,  address  a  group  of  Frenchmen  with 
animals'  heads,  standing  in  a  doorway  (r.).  The  foremost  man  on  the  bull 
wears  a  bonnet-rouge  with  a  coat  of  military  cut.  The  next  two  are  dis- 
senters wearing  clerical  bands,  one  an  artisan  wearing  a  steeple-crowned  hat, 
an  apron,  and  ungartered  stockings,  the  other  in  a  black  gown.  A  sancti- 
monious man  wearing  a  low-crowned  hat  is  last.  Behind  them  Norwich 
Cathedral  and  a  ruined  castle  on  a  hill  inscribed  Rett's  Castle  are  indicated. 
The  foremost  member  of  the  Convention  is  a  man  with  an  ape's  head, 
wearing  bonnet- rouge  and  military  coat ;  he  holds  up  a  hand  of  amity  but 
conceals  a  dagger.  Next  him  is  a  butcher  with  the  head  of  a  wolf,  his  apron 
inscribed  Legendre.  Three  others  stand  behind,  two  wearing  cocked  hats. 
Beneath  the  design: 

Citizens  (Honble  Sirs  and  Gentlemen  have  been  scored  through) 
Since  the  days  of  old  Rett  the  republican  Tanner 

Faction  always  has  seen  us  lost  under  her  Banner, 

From  our  Country's  best  Interests  we've  ever  dissented. 

In  War  we're  disloyal,  in  Peace  discontented. 

In  our  City  good  Patriots  and  Levellers  swarm. 

And  our  Sectaries  bellow  aloud  for  Reform; 

Though  from  various  Causes  our  Trade  is  decay' d, 

On  this  War  all  the  blame  we  have  artfully  laid; 

155 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Wyndham's  Virtue  &  Spirit  we  cordially  hate, 
We  renounce  all  respect  for  the  Church  &  the  State, 
Our  John  Bull  we've  cajoled  to  go  dozon  on  his  Knees 
To  ask  you  for  Peace,  and  receive  your  Decrees. 

signed  Legion. 
Sayers  was  a  native  of  Yarmouth  and  severe  on  Norfolk  sectaries,  cf. 
No.  7628.  The  correspondence  and  resolutions  of  the  United  Constitu- 
tional Societies  of  Norwich  roused  the  suspicion  of  the  Committee  of 
Secrecy  (1794),  but  there  is  nothing  to  suggest  that  they  addressed  the 
French  Convention.  Par/,  ^w^  xxxi.  703-4,  718-19,  723-4,  728,  734.  The 
woollen  manufacture  of  the  district  was  suffering  from  the  rivalry  of 
Yorkshire.  Windham  was  returned  for  Norwich  in  1784  and  1790  as  an 
anti-ministerial  candidate;  he  had  recently  joined  the  Government,  see 
No.  86i8. 

Legendre  was  a  butcher  who  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  invasion  of 
the  Tuileries  on  20  June  1792.  Kett  was  executed  as  a  traitor  in  1549. 
6f  Xio|  in. 

8618  SHAKESPEARE'S  PROPHECY,  THE  LAST  ACT  BUT  ONE 
IN  THE  TEMPEST,  OR  THE  JACK  DAWS  IN  BORROWED 
FEATHERS. 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  Fehu  ig  1795  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  who  has  lately 

fitted  up  his  Caracature  Exhibition  in  an  entire  Novel  Stile  admittance 

one  shilling  NB  Folios  Lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Thurlow,  Fox,  and  Sheridan  as  Caliban, 
Trinculo,  and  Stephano  in  their  stolen  finery  are  driven  off  by  ministerial 
hounds  set  on  by  Ariel  (Pitt)  and  Prospero  (George  III).  Thurlow  (1.)  in 
Chancellor's  wig  and  gown,  holding  up  the  mace,  the  purse  of  the  Great 
Seal  under  his  arm,  runs  first,  saying.  There  is  no  Peace  to  the  Wicked  by 
G — d  [cf.  No.  7320].  He  is  worried  by  a  dog,  wearing  legal  wig  and  bands, 
who  is  Loughborough  (his  successor).  Fox  follows,  wearing  royal  robes 
and  holding  the  orb  and  sceptre,  he  looks  over  his  1.  shoulder  to  say:  Every 
man  shift  for  all  the  rest,  &  let  no  man  take  care  for  himself:  for  all  is  but 
fortune: — Cor  agio,  bully  Monster,  Cor  agio!  Behind  him,  with  a  terrified 
expression,  runs  Sheridan  wearing  a  long  gown.  Though  not  named,  he 
is  Stephano,  the  drunken  butler.  They  are  followed  by  three  hounds  with 
the  heads  of  Mansfield,  Windham,  and  Portland.'  Pitt  and  the  King  stand 
outside  the  door  of  the  Treasury,  an  archway  in  a  stone  building.  The  King 
(r.)  as  Prospero  has  a  beard  and  belted  robe  with  a  hunting-cap;  he  holds 
a  wand  and  says :  Go.  Go.  Go.  charge  my  goblins  that  they  grind  their  joints 
with  dry  convultions:  shorten  up  their  sinews  with  aged  cramps;  &  more 
pinch-spotted  make  them  than  pard.  or  cat  o  mountain,  cat  o  mountain.  Ariel 
(Pitt)  hovers  on  the  King's  r.,  a  lean  naked  figure  with  small  wings  and  a 
wisp  of  drapery.  He  cries :  Hey,  Mountain.  Hey!  Silver!  there  it  goes  Silver! 
Fury,  Fury!  there  Tyrant,  there!  hark,  hark! 

A  satire  on  the  plight  of  Fox,  deserted  by  most  of  his  party,  cf.  Nos.  8315, 
8366.  Loughborough  was  the  first  to  take  office  (26  Jan.  1793);  Portland 
became  Home  Secretary,  and  Windham  Secretary  at  War,  on  11  July, 

'  Mansfield  is  identified  by  E.  Hawkins  as  Grenville,  Portland  as  Dundas.  The 
heads  suggest  the  identifications  in  the  text,  which  are  consistent  with  an  apparent 
intention  to  make  the  hounds  converts  from  the  Opposition. 

156 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

Mansfield  Lord  President  of  the  Council  on  17  Dec.  1794.  For  Thurlow's 
dismissal  see  No.  8097,  &c.    The  interpolated  repetitions  in  Prospero's 
speech  indicate  the  King's  conversational  manner.     For  The  Tempest  cf. 
No.  9275,  &c. 
lOX  17  in. 

8619  A  GENERAL  ON  THE  STAFF. 

AN  INSPECTING  GENERAL. 

H.  E.  Bunbury  fecit,  1794.  [?  W.  Dickinson  sc] 

London,  Published,  by  W.  Dickinson  &c.  Feby  2^  lygs,  N°  53,  next 
York  House,  Piccadilly. 

Stipple.  Two  designs  on  one  plate : 

[i]  A  short,  corpulent,  and  gouty  officer  with  closed  eyes  hobbles  (1.  to  r.) 
on  crutches.  Behind  him  (1.)  a  taller  and  younger  officer  stands  in  back 
view. 

[2]  An  elderly  officer,  wearing  spectacles,  looks  admiringly  at  a  pretty  girl 
(1.)  holding  a  basket  of  fruit. 
Each  6x4!  in.  PI.  6Jxii  in. 

8620  DOCTOR  SANGRADO  RELEEVING  lOHN  BULL  OF  THE 
YELLOW  FEVER 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  Feby  25  1795  by  SW  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly  who  has  just 

fitted  up  his  Exhibition  in  an  entire  Novel  Stile.    Admittance  one 

Shilling.  NB  Folios  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull,  a  burly  artisan  seated  on  a 
chair,  has  just  been  bled  by  Pitt  who  stands  by  him  (1.)  holding  a  lancet. 
Portland  kneels  beside  him  in  profile  to  the  1.,  grasping  an  enormous  bowl 
heaped  with  guineas  into  which  more  guineas  are  spouting  from  the 
punctured  arm.  On  the  r.  sits  the  nurse,  Windham,  applying  bellows  to 
a  blazing  fire  on  which  a  kettle  boils,  steam  issuing  from  the  spout  which 
terminates  in  a  serpent's  jaws,  inscribed  Conventions,  Plots,  Conspiracy's, 
Treasons,  Rebellions,  Seditions,  Invasions,  \Out\rages,  Assassinations.  A 
dagger  is  thrust  into  the  fire  like  a  poker. 

Pitt,  very  thin,  stands  with  bent  knees  in  profile  to  the  r.  His  bag 
descends  beneath  a  bushy  wig  and  he  wears  a  spencer  (see  No.  8192)  over 
his  coat.  Beside  him  (r.)  is  a  large  bag  inscribed  Budget  from  which  issue 
a  surgeon's  instruments.  He  says:  Come  Nursey  make  the  water  boil,  he  gets 
very  lax.  My  dear  Sir  you  must  not  give  way  to  lowness  of  Spirits,  another 
Invasion  [scored  through]  Incision  I  mean  will  cheer  you.  I  would  then  advise 
you  to  Exercise  yourself  with  your  firelock,  &  take  a  Trip  to  the  Continent. 
John  Bull  looks  up  at  him  with  an  agonized  expression ;  above  the  incision 
in  his  r.  arm  is  a  bandage  inscribed  Liberty.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  staff  resting 
on  the  ground  inscribed  Suspension  Habias  Corpus.  He  says:  Oh  Doctor, 
Doctor:  I  fear  you  will  take  too  much  from  me.  you  have  bled  me  very  freely 
already,  I  am  sure  I  cannot  support  it  long.  Portland,  also  distressed,  says : 
Make  haste  Doctor  or  have  done  or  I  shall  be  obliged  to  give  up  my  post:  my 
heart  begins  to  turn  already.  Windham,  his  cap  inscribed  W.W,  says:  /'// 
Wind-him  John  Bull  must  be  kept  constantly  with  Hot  Water. 

157 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

The  print  was  doubtless  published  in  connexion  with  the  budget  debate 
of  23  Feb.,  to  which,  however,  it  has  little  direct  relation.  Windham  did 
not  speak,  but  his  dread  of  French  and  English  Jacobins  was  freely 
expressed  in  debates,  e.g.  30  Dec.  1794.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  1034.  The 
suspension  of  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act  was  forced  through  the  Commons 
at  a  single  sitting,  on  16  May  1794.  Ibid.,  pp.  497-505 ;  Rose,  Pitt  and  the 
Great  War,  p.  191.  See  also  No.  9002. 
8|xi4|in. 

8620  A  A  copy  (coloured),  St  ck  S\  is  pi.  A^"  XL  to  London  und  Paris, 
V.  1800,  probably  copied  from  a  reissue.  On  the  ground  are  papers:  Corn 
Exchange  [see  No.  9545,  &c.],  Income  Tax  Office  The  commissioners  [see  No. 
9363,  &c.].  Explanatory  text,  pp.  327-34.  Portland  is  identified  as  Rose, 
incorrectly  styled  Master  of  the  Rolls ;  a  paper,  Lottery,  hangs  from  his 
pocket.  Title  correctly  spelt. 

6Jx8|in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

8621  THE  FOUNTAIN  OF  INVENTION!! 

[?H.W.] 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  Oxford  S^  1795  [c  February] 

Engraving  (monochrome  and  uncoloured  impressions).  On  a  pedestal  is  a 
realistic  figure  of  Pitt  in  the  guise  of  a  statue.  He  is  directed  to  the  1.,  look- 
ing up ;  from  his  mouth  rises  a  stream  of  words  falling  in  a  symmetrical 
cascade  which  forms  the  upper  part  of  the  design.  He  sits  on  a  block  of 
masonry  inscribed  Power  and  leans  against  a  broken  column  (r.)  whose 
base  is  Consistency.  His  feet  rest  on  a  paper:  Par[liament]ary  Re[for]m 
Thatch' d  Ho[use]  Tavern.  The  rectangular  pedestal  is  inscribed :  This  justly 
admired  fountain  \  was  greatly  improved  \  and  the  present  \  Statue  \  erected 
in  the  Year  \  MDCCLXXXH. 

The  central  part  of  the  fountain  (reading  downwards):  Marriages,  Leases, 
Insurance,  Almanacks,  News  Papers,  Game,  Houses,  Carts,  Dice,  Receipts, 
Windows,  Bricks,  Tiles,  Horses.  The  cascade  falling  to  the  1.  is:  Licenses, 
Cards,  Wax  Candles,  Vellum,  Paper,  Parchment,  Dressers  of  Hides,  Servants, 
Hazokers  and  Pedlars,  Callico  Printers,  Brewers  of  Small  Beer,  Auctioneers, 
Apprentices,  Clerks,  Burials,  Wine,  Rum,  Tea,  Cocoa,  Bonds,  Hair  Powder, 
Promissory  Notes,  Four-wheel  Carriages,  Attornies,  Agreements.  The  cascade 
falling  to  the  r.  is:  Lottery  Offices,  Wills,  Inventories,  Spermaceti,  Soap, 
Starch,  Tobacco  &  Snuff,  Letters  of  Attorney,  Drays  and  Waggons,  Medi- 
cines, Drafts,  Makers  of  Tallow  Candles,  Brewers  of  Strong  Beer,  Hats,  Bills 
of  Exchange,  Bachelors,  Coffee,  Gin,  Brandy  &c  &c  &c  &c  &c.  &c. 
(Commas  have  been  inserted.) 

Pitt  is  pilloried  for  inconsistency  with  regard  to  Parliamentary  Reform 
(on  7  May  1782  he  made  his  first  motion  in  favour  of  Reform),  see  No. 
8635,  &c.,  and  for  his  burdensome  taxes.  Many  of  the  taxes  enumerated 
are  the  subject  of  prints  in  volume  vi,  see  especially  Nos.  6914,  7480,  7625. 
New  taxes  in  the  budget  of  1795  were:  increased  duties  on  wine,  spirits,  tea, 
coifee  and  cocoa,  stamps  on  receipts,  affidavits,  indentures,  wills,  &c.,  and 
on  certain  customs  duties  (not  specified  in  the  print);  insurance  and  the 
wearing  of  hair-powder  (see  No.  8629,  &c.)  were  also  taxed.  Pari.  Hist. 
xxxi.  1311-14.  Cf.  No.  9017. 
27fXioi  in.  (pi.). 

158 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

8622  CARLO  KHAN  TURNED  BELLMAN.  [i  March  1795 
Woodcut.    The  Ranger's  Magazine,  i.  56.   An  impression  from  the  same 
block  as  Nos.  8375,  8530.  Fox  stands  directed  to  the  r.,  his  head  in  profile, 
shouting,  and  ringing  a  bell.   Beneath  is  printed : 

Carlo  Khan,  the  wonderful  wonder  of  these  wonderful  times,  |  The  boldest 
and  most  successful  |  beggar  in  England.  \  The  sum  of  Seventy  Thousand 
Pounds  has  been  charitably  given  |  To  the  son  of  a  notorious  defaulter  | 
Of  unaccounted  millions ! ! !  |  The  bellweather  of  the  party :  |  The  Conven- 
tion had  decreed  him  the  honor  of  the  sitting —  |  He  has  received  the  fraternal 
hug  [cf.  No.  81 19].  I  Ding  dong,  ding  dong,  Charles  and  his  friends  become 
this  institution,  |  Advert,  subvert,  convert,  divert,  invert,  pervert,  the  con- 
stitution [cf.  No.  8287,  &c.]. 

For  the  subscription  to  Fox  see  No.  8331,  &c.  For  Fox  as  Carlo  Khan 
see  No.  6276,  &c.  The  City  petition  of  5  July  1769  styled  Holland  'the 
public  defaulter  of  unaccounted  millions',  see  Nos.  4066,  4296,  &c.  Cf. 
No.  9270.  An  impression  of  the  print  is  in  B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27,837, 
fo.  49  b. 
4|xi|in.  B.M.L.,  P.C. 

8623  EMIGRATING  FROM  HOLLAND. 

Frontispiece  [i  March  1795] 

[Ceilings  del.   Barlow  f.] 

Engraving.  Carlton  House  Magazine,  iv.  3.  Part  (r.)  of  No.  7755,  'cits' 
landing  at  Margate  figure  as  refugees  from  Holland,  cf.  No.  8608,  &c.  The 
1.  part  of  the  design  served  as  Frontispiece  to  the  next  volume,  1  Mar. 
1796,  where  the  subject  was  left  'to  be  explained  by  the  conjectures  of  our 
Readers  .  .  .'. 
6f  X4J  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

8624  PATRIOTIC  REGENERATION,— VIZ.— PARLIAMENT  RE- 
FORM'D,  A  LA  FRANCOISE,— THAT  IS— HONEST  MEN  (I.E. 
—OPPOSITION.)  IN  THE  SEAT  OF  JUSTICE.  Vide  Carmagnol 
Expectations. 

f  Gy  des*"  etfed 

Pu¥  March  2'^  1795  by  H.  Humphrey,  N"  37,  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  the  House  of  Commons ; 
the  Speaker's  chair  and  the  table  are  in  the  foreground  on  the  extreme  1. ; 
only  the  Opposition  benches  are  visible  and  are  crowded  with  English  sans- 
culottes wearing  bonnets-rouges  who  eagerly  watch  the  denunciation  of 
Pitt.  Fox  sits  in  the  Speaker's  chair,  as  the  presiding  judge,  a  bonnet-rouge 
pulled  over  the  crown  of  his  hat.  Opposite  (r.),  on  a  low  platform  sur- 
rounded by  a  rail,  stands  Pitt ;  a  rope  round  his  neck  is  held  by  Lauderdale 
who  stands  behind  him  on  the  extreme  r.  with  a  headsman's  axe  in  his  1. 
hand.  In  front  of  Pitt,  leaning  eagerly  forward  over  the  rail  is  Stanhope, 
gesticulating  violently  and  holding  out  a  large  scroll:  Charges. — i^^  For 
opposing  the  Right  of  Subjects  to  dethrone  their  King. — 2'^  For  opposing  the 
Right  of  Sans-Culottes  to  Equalize  Property,  &  to  annihilate  Nobility.  3^  For 
opposing  the  Right  of  Free  Men  to  extirpate  the  farce  of  Religion,  &  to  divide 
the  Estates  of  the  Church.  Pitt,  anxious  and  bewildered,  his  hands  manacled, 
wearing  only  his  shirt  which  has  been  torn  from  his  shoulder,  stands  in 
profile  to  the  1. 

159 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Fox  sits  inscrutable,  his  clenched  fists  on  the  desk  before  him,  a  bell  at 
his  r.  hand,  looking  sideways  at  Pitt.  Below  him  at  the  table  are  Erskine 
and  Sheridan.  Erskine,  in  wig  and  gown,  as  the  accusing  counsel,  stands 
with  outstretched  hand  pointing  to  Pitt  and  addressing  the  rabble  on  the 
benches.  In  his  1.  hand  is  a  paper  headed  Guillotine  and  from  his  pocket 
protrudes  a  brief:  Defence  of  Hardy  [see  No.  8502].  Sheridan  writes  busily: 
Value  of  the  Garde  Meuhle.  The  books  on  the  table  are:  Rights  of  Man  [see 
No.  7867,  &c.],  Z)''  Price  [see  No.  7629,  &c.],  Z)''  Priestley  [see  No.  7632,  &c.], 
Voltaire,  Rosseau  [sic].  A  large  scroll  hangs  from  the  table:  Decrees  of  the 
British  Convention  (ci  devant  Parliament)  Man  is,  &  shall  be  Free,  therefore 
Man  is,  &  shall  he  Equal.  Man  therefore  has  nor  shall  have  Superior  in 
Heaven  or  upon  Earth.  On  the  ground  the  head  of  the  mace  projects  from 
under  the  tablecloth.  Beside  the  table  (1.)  are  five  large  money-bags 
inscribed :  Treasury  Cash  to  be  issued  in  Assignats  and  D°  Cash  for  D°.  On 
the  Speaker's  chair,  in  place  of  the  royal  arms,  is  a  tricolour  shield  with 
the  motto  Vive  la  Republique. 

In  the  foreground,  immediately  in  front  of  Pitt  and  Lauderdale,  is  an 
iron  stove  with  an  open  door  showing  Magna  Charta  and  Holy  Bible  burn- 
ing. Holding  their  hands  to  the  flames  are  Grafton  (1.)  and  Norfolk  (r.) 
facing  each  other;  each  sits  on  an  inverted  ducal  coronet.  Beside  and 
behind  Grafton  sits  Lord  Derby.  Slightly  to  the  1.  and  behind  this  group 
Lansdowne  kneels,  weighing  in  a  pair  of  scales  a  weight,  resembling  a  cap 
of  liberty  and  inscribed  Libertas,  against  a  royal  crown.  The  crown  rests 
on  the  ground,  Lansdowne  tries  to  pull  down  the  other  scale.  Beside  the 
crown  two  large  sacks  stand  on  the  floor  inscribed  For  Duke's  Place  and 
For  D°  (the  Jews  of  Duke's  place  were  supposed  to  dispose  of  stolen  plate, 
cf.  No.  5468).  From  one  protrudes  the  Prince  of  Wales's  coronet  and 
feathers,  an  earl's  coronet  and  a  Garter  ribbon;  from  the  other,  a  mitre 
and  chalice.  In  the  foreground  lie  a  bundle  of  papers  inscribed  Forfeited 
Estates  of  Loyalists.  Chatham,  Mansfield,  Grenville. 

On  the  crowded  benches  a  fat  butcher  is  conspicuous,  sitting  arms 
akimbo.  Near  him  are  a  hairdresser  and  a  tailor  in  delighted  conversation. 
A  chimney-sweeper  holds  up  brush  and  shovel,  grinning  delightedly.  The 
faces  register  ferocity,  anger,  surprise,  amusement,  brutishness.  In  the 
back  row,  under  the  gallery,  stand  dissenting  ministers  wearing  clerical 
bands. 

The  Opposition  are  identified  with  the  radical  clubs  (see  No.  9189,  &c.) 
who  made  preparations  for  a  British  Convention,  Hardy  issuing  a  circular 
in  1794,  see  No.  8687.  Other  points  are  the  republicanism  of  Stanhope 
(see  No.  8448)  and  Lansdowne,  and  the  financial  plight  of  Sheridan.  For 
the  attitude  of  dissenters  to  the  Church  of  England  cf.  No.  7628,  &c.  Cf. 
Nos.  8287,  9180. 

Grego,  G///ray,  p.  182.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  118.  Reprinted,  G.PF.C, 
1830.   Reproduced,  Stanhope  and  Gooch,  Life  of  Charles,  third  Earl  Stan- 
hope, 1 9 14,  p.  154. 
iifxi6i  in. 

8625  A  PAIR  OF  SPECTACLES  EASILY  SEEN  THRO' 

Drawn  &  Etch'd  by  Dighton. 

Pub  March  2.  lygs.  by  R  Dighton.  Charing  Cross 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    Bust  portraits  of  Pitt  and  Fox  are 
enclosed  in  circles,  linked  to  form  a  pair  of  spectacles.  Pitt  (I.)  is  in  profile 

160 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

to  the  r.,  from  his  frame  or  circle  hangs  a  bag  containing  money-bags  and 
papers  inscribed:  Ways  &  Means,  Gifts,  Perqusites,  Salary's  £5800. 
Beneath:  In  Place.  The  Budget  full.  Fox  looks  gloomily  over  his  1.  shoulder 
at  the  spectator.  From  his  circle  hangs  an  empty  purse.  Beneath:  Out  of 
Place.  The  Purse  Empty. 

A  copy  of  this  print  appears  in  No.  8996  a. 
6|X7-|in.  (pL). 

8626  A  WORTHY  ALDERMAN  AND  HIS  FRIENDS  CANVASING 
OR  STRONG  RECOMMENDATIONS  FOR  A  MEMBR  OF  PARLIA- 
MENT 

[?L  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  March  3  lygs  hy  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving.   A  boxing  encounter ;  the  combatants,  virearing  waistcoats  and 

gloves,  stand  facing  each  other  with  clenched  fists.   One  (1.)  says :  ///  Box 

the  Minister  about  if  I  get  in  &  tip  him  Seven  the  Main.  The  other  (r.)  says : 

Now  M'  Alderman  I  vil  Show  you  vone  Jews  Blow.    Each  has  a  second ; 

on  the  extreme  1.  a  backer  sits  on  a  cask  inscribed  Combe's  Entire  [scored 

through]  Small  hopes',  he  holds  a  paper  inscribed  Ald^  Combes  for  ever  and 

says :  He'll  Make  a  better  Boxer  than  a  Parliament  Man.  On  the  extreme  r. 

the  bottle-holder  of  Combe's  opponent  stands  holding  a  bottle  and  a 

lemon. 

On  the  ground  are  books  and  papers:  Brothers  Prophecy s  (see  No. 
8627,  &c.) ;  Pains  Rights  of  Man  (see  No.  7867,  &c.) ;  The  Whole  art  of  Boxing 
made  Easy ;  A  Petition  for  Peace  on  giving  up  all  the  West  India  Islands 
Corsica  [see  No.  8516]  Fleet  &c  &c;  King  Lord  and  Commons  [erased  and 
replaced  by]  A  New  System  of  Govern*  on  the  French  Republican  Plan.  On 
the  wall  (1.)  is  a  map  (represented  by  meaningless  scrawls)  of  Teritories 
Conquerd  by  the  Republic  of  France  &  Indivesible  Equality  for  Ever.  On 
the  r.  is  a  bust  portrait  of  the  King  in  profile  to  the  r.,  torn  at  the  neck. 

On  3-5  Mar.  there  was  a  by-election  for  the  City  of  London  (on  the 
death  of  Sawbridge)  at  which  the  candidates  were  the  Foxite  Alderman 
Combe  (a  brewer  and  an  amateur  of  the  boxing-ring,  see  No.  7703)  and 
William  Lushington.  Combe  declined  the  poll  on  the  5th,  the  votes  being 
2,334  to  1,560.  Combe  had  supported  a  motion  for  a  petition  to  the  House 
of  Commons  for  a  speedy  peace  which  was  carried  in  a  noisy  meeting  on 
23  Jan.  1794  and  presented  on  26  Jan.  Lond.  Chron.,  24  Jan.;  Ann.  Reg., 

1795,  PP-  7*,  13*- 
8^X12!  in. 

8627  THE  PROPHET  OF  THE  HEBREWS,— THE  PRINCE  OF 
PEACE— CONDUCTING  THE  JEWS  TO  THE  PROMIS'D-LAND. 

jf'  Qy  des.  etfec. 

Pu¥  March  ^  1795-  hy  H.  Humphrey,  N.  37.  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Richard  Brothers,  dressed  as  a  sans- 
culotte and  with  the  face  of  a  maniac,  carries  on  his  back  a  Bundle  of  the 
Elect  from  which  protrude  the  heads  and  legs  of  Fox,  Sheridan,  Stanhope 
(in  profile  to  the  r.),  and  Lansdowne  (in  profile  to  the  1.).  In  his  1.  hand  is 
an  open  book:  Revelation,  and  a  sword  of  flame,  his  r.  hand  points  up  an 
ascending  path  to  the  Gate  of  Jerusalem  (r.) ;  this  is  a  gallows  from  which 
hang  three  nooses ;  behind  it  are  flames  in  which  demons  are  flying.  He 
tramples  on  a  seven-headed  monster  (the  Beast  oi  Revelation) :  on  one  head, 

i6i  M 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

that  of  the  Pope,  he  puts  his  foot,  another  prostrate  human  head  wears  a 
crown  and  so  does  the  head  of  a  beast  breathing  fire.  The  other  four  heads 
are  those  of  demons.  Two  beams  of  Hght  slant  from  his  forehead,  Assignats 
project  from  his  coat-pocket.  Behind  walk  Jews,  the  most  prominent  a 
pedlar  with  an  open  box  of  trinkets.  Beside  them  walks  a  fat,  disreputable 
woman  holding  a  bottle  inscribed  Everlasting  Life  and  a  glass.  From  her 
pocket  hangs  a  ballad :  Isahell  Wake  a  new  Song  to  the  tune  of  a  Two  penny 
Loaf.  In  the  foreground  (r.)  St.  Paul's,  the  Monument,  a  spire  and  houses 
are  being  engulfed  in  a  fiery  pit  and  are  breaking  to  pieces  (according  to 
Brothers'  prophecy).  On  the  horizon  (r.)  is  the  sea  with  the  masts  of 
wrecked  ships  projecting  from  the  waves.  Immediately  above  Brothers  is 
an  owl  with  an  olive-branch  in  its  beak,  a  halo  poised  whirlpool-like  on  a 
point  above  its  head ;  it  clutches  a  paper  inscribed  Peace.  On  the  r.  is  the 
sun,  its  disk  containing  a  staring  face,  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge,  and  sur- 
rounded by  the  points  of  a  star  which  drip  blood.  On  the  1.  is  a  crescent 
moon  in  which  is  a  fissure,  its  arc  borders  a  shaded  disk ;  round  this  grotesque 
demons  dance  in  a  ring,  holding  hands. 

The  visions  and  prophecies  of  Richard  Brothers,  related  in  letters  to  the 
King,  Queen,  and  Ministry,  and  in  pamphlets,  included  claims  that  he  was 
a  descendant  of  David  and  Prince  of  the  Hebrews,  to  whom  the  King  must 
surrender  his  crown.  He  denounced  the  war  with  France,  as  being  against 
a  chosen  people,  and  prophesied  the  destruction  of  the  royal  family,  parlia- 
ment, London,  &c.  He  was  daily  visited  (in  Paddington  Street)  'by  differ- 
ent descriptions  of  people,  who  delight  in  hearing,  even  from  the  mouth 
of  a  madman,  invectives  against  the  present  administration'.  Lond.  Chron., 
4  Mar.  1795.  On  4  Mar.  he  was  arrested  on  the  Duke  of  Portland's 
warrant  on  an  Elizabethan  statute  relating  to  prophecies  intended  to  create 
disturbances,  and  examined  (5  Mar.)  before  the  Privy  Council.  He  was 
confined  first  as  a  criminal  lunatic  and  then  (4  May)  transferred  to  a  private 
asylum.  Isabella  Wake  had  brought  Brothers,  when  in  Newgate  for  eight 
weeks  in  1792,  a  threepenny  loaf  weekly,  and  was  therefore  assured  by  the 
prophet  that  she  should  be  great  in  his  kingdom.  Contrasts  on  Mr.  Brothers 
and  Mr.  Pitt  (B.M.L.,  806.  k.  15/88).  Stanhope,  Life  of  Pitt,  1879,  ii.  102-4. 
Gillray  associates  Brothers  with  the  Foxites,  who  shared  his  views  on  the 
war.  See  D.N.B.  and  Nos.  8626,  8644,  8646,  8655. 

Cf.  an  engraved  H.L.  portrait  of  'Richard  Brothers  Prince  of  the 
Hebrews'  by  W.  Sharp,  pub.  16  Apr.  1795,  with  rays  of  light  descending 
on  his  head,  and  inscribed:  Fully  believing  this  to  be  the  Man  whom  God 
has  appointed: — /  engrave  his  likeness,  William  Sharp. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  183.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  116.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.  Reproduced,  C.  Roth,Tke  Nephew  of  the  Almighty,  1933 ;  R.  Matthews, 
English  Messiahs,  1936,  p.  88. 
9|Xi3|in. 

8628  ONE  OF  THE  SWINISH  MULTITUDE. 
A  SISTER  TO  THE  GUINEA  PIG 
A  GUINEA  PIG. 

R^  Newton  del  et  fecit 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Hollafid  50  Oxford  S*  March  6  lyg^ 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).    A  design  in  three  compartments,  the 
largest  in  the  centre: 

[i]  An  obese,  plainly  dressed  man  seated  in  profile  to  the  1.  smokes  a 
pipe  before  a  fire  indicated  only  by  his  position  and  the  1,  margin  of  a  fire- 

162 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1795 

place.  On  his  knee  is  a  kitten,  by  his  chair  a  large  ill-drawn  cat.  At  his 
side  (1.)  is  a  tankard  on  a  small  table.  On  the  wall  appear  the  ends  of  a 
string  of  onions,  a  sickle,  a  spade,  a  rake.  Behind  his  head  is  a  casement 
window.  His  face  is  blotched  with  drink.  For  the  title  see  No.  8500,  &c. 
9  X  6f  in. 

[2]  The  Guinea  Pig  (r.),  a  man  who  has  paid  a  guinea  for  a  licence  to 
wear  hair-powder,  see  No.  8629,  &c.,  stands  stiffly,  directed  to  the  1., 
highly  delighted  at  the  reflection  of  his  head  in  a  small  mirror  held  in  his 
r.  hand.  His  small  queue  projects  grotesquely.  Under  his  1.  arm  is  a  round 
high-crowned  hat.  He  is  grotesquely  ugly  and  wears  a  swathed  neck- 
cloth with  pendent  ends,  a  spencer  (see  No.  8192)  over  his  coat,  and  tight 
breeches  reaching  nearly  to  the  ankles.  No.  8769  has  the  same  title;  cf. 
Nos.  8650,  8660,  8663,  8668. 
9X5-1  in. 

[3]  His  'sister'  on  the  1.  is  a  pretty  young  woman  who  stands  directed 
to  the  r.   She  wears  on  the  side  of  her  head  a  hat  with  erect  feathers  and 
pendent  ribbons,  a  pelerine  over  a  high-waisted  dress  with  a  train ;  in  her 
r.  hand  is  a  large  muff. 
9X51  in. 

8629  LEAVING  OFF  POWDER,— OR— A  FRUGAL  FAMILY  SAV- 
ING THE  GUINEA. 

J'  Gy  des""  etfed 

Pu¥  March  icf^  I795-  by  H.  Humphrey  N"  3y  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  domestic  interior.  A  fat  and  ugly 
citizen,  wearing  old-fashioned  dress  with  a  small  unpowdered  wig,  stands 
on  the  hearth-rug  (r.),  his  back  to  the  fire ;  he  is  meditatively  reading  the 
Gazette,  headed:  New  Taxes,  and  Bankru[pts],  his  1.  hand  plunged  in  his 
breeches  pocket.  Behind  him  on  the  chimney-piece  is  a  pair  of  scales  for 
weighing  guineas  (see  No.  5128).  His  wife,  bald-headed,  ugly,  and  stout, 
leans  back  in  an  arm-chair,  her  hands  raised  in  protest  at  an  unpowdered 
wig  which  a  grotesquely  thin  and  ragged  French  hairdresser  (1.)  profilers 
obsequiously.  A  fashionably  dressed  young  man  with  cropped  hair  looks 
with  imbecile  surprise  at  his  reflection  in  an  oval  mirror  over  the  chimney- 
piece.  His  mouth  is  half-covered  by  his  swathed  neckcloth,  he  wears  a 
short  spencer  (see  No.  8192)  over  a  sparrow-tail  coat,  and  half-boots.  A 
young  woman  with  over-dressed  but  unpowdered  (red)  hair  looks  with 
dismay  at  her  reflection  in  a  mirror  which  she  has  snatched  from  the  wall. 
On  the  wall  is  an  oval  bust  portrait  of  Charles  2^,  his  tiny  head  framed 
in  an  immense  powdered  wig. 

The  powder  tax  came  into  force  on  6  May  1795 ;  those  wearing  powder 
(with  certain  exceptions)  were  to  take  out  a  guinea  licence ;  lists  of  licence- 
holders,  'guinea-pigs',  were  to  be  posted  on  the  doors  of  parish  churches. 
See  Nos.  8621,  8628,  8646,  8650,  8660, 8663,  8664,  8668,  8712,  8769,  8771, 
9017,  9195,  9391. 

An  impression  is  bound  as  frontispiece  to  a  copy  of  W^olcot's  Hair 
Powder;  a  plaintive  Epistle  to  Mr.  Pitt,  1795,  in  which  the  distress  of  a  girl 
at  the  disclosure  of  her  'carrot-colour'  hair  is  related.  (B.M.L.,  11632. 
dd.  I.) 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  187.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  1 17.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9Xi3i«gin. 

163 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8630  SANS  CULOTTES  FUNDAMENTALLY  SUPPLIED  IN 
DUTCH-BOTTOMS 

Publishd  March  icP"  179 5  by  W  Brozon  N'^  43  Rupert  Street 
Engraving.  French  soldiers  strip  Dutchmen  of  their  bulky  breeches  in 
order  to  supply  themselves  with  those  garments  as  in  No.  8613.  On  the 
extreme  1.  a  Dutchman  hangs  by  the  neck  from  a  lamp-bracket,  while  two 
Frenchmen  pull  off  his  breeches,  a  third  (r.)  already  fitted  out  stands  in 
profile  to  the  r.  watching  the  operation  and  taking  snuff.  A  Dutchman 
(centre)  lies  under  a  guillotine  confined  not  at  the  neck  but  at  the  waist; 
four  sansculottes  stand  round,  one  holding  the  cord  which  will  release  the 
blade.  In  front  a  Frenchman  in  breeches  sits  on  the  ground.  On  the  r. 
two  Frenchmen  are  about  to  strip  a  disconsolate  Dutchman,  one  holds  up 
a  fish  by  the  tail.  Beside  him  is  a  bottle  of  Hollands.  See  No.  8608,  &c. 
lOj^gX  14J  in. 

8631  NOUVELLES  A  LA  COUR  DE  LA  GRANDE  BRETAGNE 
OU  MR  PITT  ANNONCANT  AE'  SA  MAJESTY  LA^  REVOLU- 
TION EN  HOLLANDE  [c.  March  1795] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  George  III  seated  on  the  throne  (r.) 
listens  with  an  expression  and  gesture  of  horror  to  Pitt  (1.)  who  stands  in 
profile  to  the  r.  holding  in  both  hands  a  large  document  inscribed :  Arbre 
de  la  Liberie  Plante  a  Amsterdam  des  Representans  du  peuple  Francais  a  la 
Haye  Gl  Pichegru.  The  King,  his  hands  raised,  exclaims  Quoi!  comment! 
Stadhouder — pecheur — revolution  mon  Dieu  qu'est  quifaisons  nous.  Pitt,  very 
thin  and  elegant,  bending  forward  with  an  expression  of  dismayed  melan- 
choly, says :  voire  Majesie  n^a  rien  a  craindre — vous  etes  la  surprise  et  rod- 
miration  du  monde. 

On  the  wall  is  a  map  of  France :  Plan  des  Tyrans  coalesce  pour  la  partiti- 
tion  de  la  France.  Brest,  Paris,  Lion,  and  Toulon  are  marked  and  the  NW. 
of  the  country  is  coloured  pink.  On  the  ground  is  a  book:  Burke  (see 
No.  7675,  &c.),  and  by  the  royal  dais  a  Plan  pour  Prendre  Paris  (see 
No.  8826)  and  a  number  of  money-bags  inscribed  10  000,  100  000,  and 
pour  la  Chasse  £200,000.  Behind  Pitt  is  an  open  money-chest  against 
which  lean  rolled  documents,  one  inscribed  Droits  Divins  des  Rots. 

The  manner,  as  well  as  the  French  of  the  inscriptions  and  the  character 
of  the  portraits,  suggests  an  English  print.  The  frozen  Waal  was  crossed 
by  the  French  on  14  Jan.  1795.  Fraternization  between  the  Dutch  Patriots 
and  the  invaders  took  place  in  the  towns  entered  by  the  French.  The  tree 
of  Liberty  (see  No.  9214,  &c.)  was  planted  in  Amsterdam  on  4  Mar.  1795, 
see  No.  8846,  &c.  The  Stadholder  and  his  family  left  Schevening  in  a 
fishing- vessel  on  18  Jan.,  landing  at  Yarmouth.  See  [Legrand],  La  Rev. 
Jr.  en  Hollande,  1894,  pp.  53  ff.,  and  No.  8608,  &c.  For  the  royal  money- 
bags cf.  No.  7836.  Cf.  No.  8434. 

de  Vinck,  No.  4708.  Van  Stolk,  No.  5287,  Muller,  No.  5309. 
8^X7iin. 

8632  AN  IRISH  HOWL  OR  THE  CATHOLICS  IN  FITZ! 
IC  [L  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  March,  20^^  [1795]  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly — who 
has  just  fitted  up  his  Exhibition  in  an  entire  Novel  Stile  admittance 
one  shilling.  NB  Folios  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Lord  Fitzwilliam, 
'  Corrected  in  pen  to  a.  *  Altered  in  pen  to  le. 

164 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

seated  on  a  board  or  short  stretcher  carried  by  two  priests,  is  the  centre 
of  a  procession  (r.  to  1.)  of  shouting  Irish  ragamuffins.  He  sits  complacently, 
looking  to  his  1.,  and  towards  the  spectator,  wearing  (incorrectly)  a  ribbon 
and  star ;  he  is  not  caricatured.  The  foremost  priest  says  Now  we  shall  have 
no  Bonfires.^  In  front  walks  a  man  clutching  a  rosary  and  holding  up  a 
crucifix.  Behind  walks  a  tall  gaunt  man  carrying  a  board  inscribed:  to  get 
into  both  Houses  to  claim  lost  Titles  &  Estates,  to  Abolish  Churches  &  Meet- 
ing Houses  &  to  Keep  no  Faith  with  Heriticks.  Behind  him  (r.)  walks  a 
man  waving  a  bottle  of  Whiskey  and  shouting  Arrah  my  Sweet  William  & 
zoillyougo  &  leave  all  these  fine  things  behind  you.  In  the  foreground  (r.) 
is  a  ferocious-looking  man  cramming  into  an  open  chest  (already  full)  an 
armful  of  instruments  of  torture :  shackles,  pincers,  a  headsman's  axe,  a 
dagger,  &c.  He  says :  Aye,  you  must  be  laid  by  for  the  Present.  The  chest 
is  inscribed :  Fundatnental  Principles  of  our  Holy  Religion  or  Cool  Arguments 
for  the  Conversion  of  Protestants. 

Winged  creatures  fly  off  on  the  extreme  1.  and  r.  One  (1.),  a  demon  with 
small  webbed  wings  and  a  barbed  tail,  holds  a  scroll :  Discord,  Disaffection, 
Religious  War,  Racks,  Tortures  &  Intolerancy.  The  other,  a  cherub  (r.), 
holds  a  scroll:  Unity  Peace  &  Concord.  On  the  extreme  r.  in  the  back- 
ground, houses  are  indicated,  inscribed  Dublin.  Above  the  design:  The 
Journey  to  [erased]  from  Dublin. 

A  No-Popery  satire  on  Fitzwilliam's  calamitous  lord-lieutenancy  of 
Ireland  (cf.  No.  8644).  He  actually  left  Dublin  on  25  March  and,  on 
Grattan's  advice,  in  a  manner  which  evoked  a  great  popular  ovation ;  his 
carriage  was  drawn  to  the  quay  by  Dubliners.  (If  not  ante-dated,  the  print 
is  a  remarkable  anticipation  of  events.)  For  his  appointment  and  recall 
see  G.  P.  Gooch,  Camb.  Mod.  Hist.  ix.  697-700;  Rose,  'Pitt  and  Earl 
Fitzwilliam',  in  Pitt  and  Napoleon,  1912,  pp.  20  S. ;  Hist.  MSS.  Comm., 
Dropmore  MSS.  iii.  35-8;  D.N.B.  Cf.  No.  8713. 
SfXisiin. 

8633  A  NEW  DUTCH  EXERCISE. 

G.  M.  Woodward  delin     IC  [Cruikshank.] 

Pti¥  April  i^  iyg5  by  SW  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  fat  Hollanders,  arranged  in  two 
rows,  a  caption  above  each,  [i]  Watch  with  Diligence!!  A  Dutch  soldier 
sleeps  in  an  upright  chair,  his  pipe  (upside  down)  in  his  mouth,  hands 
folded.  Beside  him  are  a  bottle  of  Gin  and  a  musket.  [2]  Advance  zoith 
Spirit!!  A  Dutchman,  yawning  cavernously,  stands  with  arms  outstretched. 
A  frog  escapes  from  beside  his  1.  foot.  [3]  Face  your  Enemies!!  A  Dutch- 
man stands  in  back  view,  smoking  hard ;  a  bottle  protrudes  from  a  pocket 
in  his  bulky  breeches.  [4]  Stand  to  your  Guns!!  A  Dutch  soldier,  with  a 
terrified  expression,  runs  off  to  the  r.,  having  dropped  his  musket,  which 
is  going  off,  pointing  in  the  opposite  direction  to  that  of  the  enemy.  A 
smoking  tobacco-pipe  is  fastened  to  the  brim  of  his  cocked  hat.  [5]  Rever- 
ence Treaties!!  A  Dutchman  wearing  long  skates  stands  (on  ice)  in  profile 
to  the  r.  From  his  pocket  issues  a  torn  paper:  Alliance  Treaty;  he  lights 
his  pipe  with  a  fragment.  [6]  Assist  your  Government!!  A  Dutchman  stands 
full-face,  with  a  calculating  sideways  glance,  smoking  a  pipe,  his  hands 
thrust  deep  in  his  pockets.    His  dress  suggests  vulgar  wealth,  and  an 

'  Underlined  in  uncoloured  impression  only. 
165 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

attempt  to  follow  the  fashion ;  it  is  covered  with  large  (yellow)  buttons,  he 
wears  two  bunches  of  seals  from  his  fob,  half-boots,  his  queue  (seen  between 
his  legs)  reaches  nearly  to  the  ground ;  under  his  arm  is  a  bludgeon.  [7] 
Obey  your  orders!!  A  Dutchman,  wearing  cavalry  uniform  with  two 
chevrons  on  his  sleeve,  sits  in  profile  to  the  r.  on  a  low  upturned  tub, 
meditatively  playing  cards.  He  wears  spectacles  and  smokes  a  pipe. 
[8]  Rise  in  a  Mass!!  A  very  fat  Dutchman  sits  on  the  ground,  drunk,  with 
eyes  closed,  his  pipe  dropping  from  his  mouth;  a  pitcher  falls  from  his 
r.  hand,  pouring  its  contents  over  a  bust  portrait  of  the  Statdholder. 

A  satire  on  the  sluggishness  of  the  Dutch  Government  and  people,  and 
on  the  hostility  of  the  Dutch  towards  their  English  allies.  On  28  Sept. 
1794  the  commandant  abjectly  surrendered  Fort  Crevecoeur  to  Pichegru 
with  forty-two  heavy  guns  (cf.  [4]  above).  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British 
Army,  iv.  308.  The  alliance  is  that  of  1788  between  England  and  Holland, 
see  No.  8299.  For  the  conquest  of  Holland  see  No.  8608,  &c.  Cf .  No.  8478 . 
I2fxi8|  in. 

8634  A  MEETING  OF  CREDITORS 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  April  3  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales  stands  silent  and 
embarrassed,  full-face,  twirling  his  thumbs,  surrounded  by  clamouring 
bawds  and  courtesans.  An  old  bawd,  wearing  a  calash  hood  (see  No.  5434) 
and  furred  cloak,  stands  beside  him  (r.),  supporting  herself  on  a  stick.  She 
holds  out  a  long  scroll  headed  Weston  and  inscribed  Providing  100  .  . 
A  rarrce  show  1000  .  .  .  one  from  the  country  just  imported  2000  .  .  breaking 
a  reflecter  100  .  .  Myself  2000  . .  an  Entertainment  500  . .  Sky  Rocket  100. 
She  says :  what!  I  suppose  you  don't  know  me  then  aye — aye — you  think  to 
come  Falstaf  over  us  do  you.  On  the  1.  stands  a  younger  woman  wearing 
a  feathered  hat,  a  black  patch  replacing  her  nose :  she  leans  towards  him, 
saying:  what  won't  you  come  pound.  She  points  to  a  long  scroll  headed 
Left  standing  looo ;  one  of  many  items  is  my  Nose  20.  On  the  extreme  1. 
in  the  foreground  sits  a  hideous  negress,  truculently  holding  out  her  long 
account  headed  Black  Joke  300  and  signed  Black  Moll  Hedge  Lane.  A 
little  birch-rod  is  attached  to  the  waist  of  her  loose  striped  gown.  She  says : 
come  Massa  come  &  settle  my  count  de  affair  you  know  has  been  long  Stand- 
ing. On  the  r.,  turning  her  head  towards  the  Prince,  is  an  old  bawd, 
flamboyantly  dressed,  one  gouty  leg  thrust  forward  and  supported  on  a 
foot-stool.  In  her  r.  hand  is  a  jelly-glass ;  in  her  1.  her  long  account  headed 
bill  Annuities  A  first  Slice  of  a  nice  tit  bit  only  12  years  and  6  Hours — looo. 
Ditto  Warranted  aetat  40 — 2000,  .  .  .  [cf.  No.  8485].  She  says:  how  he 
stares  he  seems  to  be  struck  Comical.  Behind  and  on  the  extreme  r.  is  a  little 
girl  holding  a  paper:  Maidenhead.  Behind  the  principal  figures  are  others, 
young  and  pretty,  or  old  and  ugly. 

The  Prince  is  fat  with  a  heavy  double  chin  but  is  scarcely  caricatured. 
He  wears  a  large  swathed  neckcloth  with  ends,  a  short  spencer  (see  No. 
8192)  over  his  coat,  and  the  collar  of  his  double-breasted  spotted  waistcoat 
over  his  spencer. 

A  satire  on  the  Prince's  debts,  see  No.  8673,  &c.,  on  his  approaching 
marriage,  see  No.  8610,  and  {inter  alia)  on  his  penchant  for  middle-aged 
women.  Cf.  No.  7873  (1791),  &c. 
9|Xis|in. 

166 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1795 
8635  NO  REFORM,  NO  REFORM. 

IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  April  9  1795  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  pluralist  parson  (1.)  runs  from  1. 
to  r. ;  Pitt  (r.)  runs  in  profile  to  the  1.,  grasping  his  hat  which  is  piled  high 
with  guineas,  while  others  fall  from  his  person,  his  garments  being  inflated 
with  coins.  Each  says  No  Reform  no  Reform.  Behind  Pitt  the  Treasury  is 
faintly  indicated ;  behind  the  parson  is  the  corner  of  a  church.  From  Pitt's 
pocket  hangs  a  paper :  New  Places  Sinecures  fresh  Appointments  Addition 

to  C [Civil]  List.   The  parson,  his  face  bloated  with  drink,  his  wig 

worn  back  to  front  and  over  one  eye,  his  stockings  ungartered,  holds  a 
walking-stick  and  a  large  paper,  his  annual  income,  less  outgoings,  in  his 
r.  hand: 

DC 

Enormous  Expense  of  Curates 

Curate  for  A  20 

D°  B  &  C  being]  ^ 
contiguous  j    ^ 

LP        D 15 

d"        E I 

d         F - 


D' 

Vicar  of  A  i  00 
Rector  of  B  500 
Dean  of  C  2000 
Vicar  of  D  yoo 
D  .  .  E  100 
D.  .       F    200 


4500. 

84.  10.  o.   [sic] 

A  satire  on  Pitt's  attitude  to  reform,  cf.  Nos.  8500,  8621,  9161,  9531, 
and  on  the  pluralist  clergy,  cf.  Nos.  6153,  6154, 
SfXiifJ-in. 

8636  I     FRONTISPIECE 

ySf  [Sayers.] 

Published  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street  14^  April  iyg5 

Engraving.  The  first  of  a  set  of  seven  prints :  Outlines  of  the  Opposition. . . . 
The  artist  (1.),  a  partly  draped  figure  with  small  horns  among  his  loosely 
curling  hair,  points  with  both  hands  to  a  picture  on  an  easel  (r.),  turning 
his  head  towards  the  spectator.  In  front  of  him  (1.)  is  a  table  on  which  are 
his  painting- materials :  a  sheaf  of  brushes  in  a  pot,  palette,  charcoal- 
holder.  On  a  large  canvas  a  man  with  the  head  of  a  wolf  stands  wearing 
a  sheepskin  with  the  head  on  his  head  and  shoulders.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a 
firebrand,  the  1.  supports  the  long  staff  of  a  flag  inscribed  Watch  Word 
Peace.  Above  it  hovers  a  dove  with  an  olive  branch.  At  his  feet  stands  a 
snarling  wolf,  also  in  sheep's  clothing.  A  mastiff  standing  beside  the  artist 
barks  at  the  (painted)  wolf.  Against  the  easel  rests  a  large  volume:  Outlines 
j  of  the  I  Opposition  \  in  1795  \  collected  from  the  Works  \  of  the  most  capital 
Jacobin  Artists  \  "  They  speak  Peace  to  their  \  Neighbours,  but  Mischief  is  in 
their  hearts,  they  devise  deceiful  \  Things  against  them  that  are  quiet  \  in  the 
Land  "  Psalms. 

A  satire  on  the  repeated  motions  for  peace  made  by  the  Opposition.  The 
artist  is  Wilberforce,  the  wolf  Fox ;  these  identifications  are  confirmed  by 
a  MS.  note  by  Miss  Banks.  (Banks  Memoranda  in  Print  Room.)  See 
Nos.  8637-42.  Sets  were  issued  bound  in  rough  paper.  A  similar  set  was 
published  in  1794,  see  No.  8437,  &c. 
iofX9fin. 

167 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8637  2    THE  WEATHER  COCK  OF  ST  STEPHEN'S. 
JSj  [Sayers.] 

PuU^  14  April  1795  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving.  One  of  a  set,  see  No.  8636.  Wilberforce,  as  a  weathercock, 
stands  with  his  r.  foot  poised  on  a  pinnacle  at  the  point  of  intersection  of 
the  four  points  of  the  compass.  He  leans  forward  in  profile  to  the  r.,  both 
arms  stretched  out  towards  a  bird  which  grasps  a  scroll  resting  on  clouds : 
Peace  and  Fraternity  with  France.  The  bird  is  half-dove,  and  holds  an 
olive  branch  in  its  mouth,  but  the  1.  leg  is  that  of  a  bird  of  prey,  and  in  its 
talons  a  dagger  is  clasped,  while  the  1.  wing  is  fantastically  webbed.  Two 
papers  issue  from  Wilberforce 's  coat-pocket:  Charge  ag^  Kitnber  and 
Abolition  of  the  Slave  Trade.  From  his  back  rises  a  vertical  spike  support- 
ing the  hat  of  a  Roundhead,  its  brim  inscribed  Fanaticism,  Puritanism.  On 
its  crown  sits  a  raven,  shrieking  at  Wilberforce  the  word  Kimber. 

Below  (r.)  is  the  dome  of  a  minaret  terminating  in  the  head  of  Fox, 
directing  a  blast  of  Republicanism  against  Wilberforce  which  has  blown  him 
into  his  present  position.  Below  the  title:  Vide  Bewilderforce's  Rhapsodies 
on  Peace  &c^ 

Wilberforce  (though  anti-Jacobin)  proposed,  in  the  debate  of  30  Dec. 
1794  on  the  Address,  an  amendment  in  favour  of  peace,  and  he  spoke  in 
favour  of  Grey's  motion  for  peace  on  26  Jan.  1795.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  1016- 
27,  1230-8;  Farington,  Diary,  i.  85-6  (9  Jan.  1795).  (On  27  May  he  him- 
self made  a  motion  for  peace,  see  No.  8655.)  See  Coupland,  Wilberforce, 
1923,  pp.  189  ff.  On  26  Feb.  he  spoke  on  the  Slave  Trade,  urging  the 
expediency  of  abolition,  and  was  supported  by  both  Fox  and  Pitt.  For  the 
unproven  accusation  (supported  by  Wilberforce)  against  Kimber  of  mur- 
dering a  negro  girl  see  Nos.  8079,  8793,  and  Coupland,  op.  cit.,  p.  218  f. 
For  the  weathercock  emblem  cf.  No.  6230. 
io|X9|in. 

8638  3    WHITBREAD'S  INTIRE 

ySf  [Bayers.] 

Published  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street  14  April  iyg5 

Engraving.  See  No.  8636.  The  interior  of  the  House  of  Commons  show- 
ing part  of  the  Speaker's  chair  on  the  extreme  1.,  and  the  adjacent  Opposi- 
tion bench  on  the  r.  with  a  corner  of  the  gallery.  On  the  floor  between  the 
table  and  the  front  Opposition  bench  a  large  cask,  resting  on  trestles,  is 
exploding  violently  from  the  bung-hole.  The  inscription  on  the  cask  forms 
the  only  title  to  the  print.  In  the  explosion  are  the  words :  Reform,  Peace, 
Liberty,  Equality,  no  Slave  Trade,  Peace.  Part  only  of  the  Speaker's  hat 
and  wig  are  visible ;  his  1.  hand  is  extended  and  the  words  Order  Order  issue 
from  his  (invisible)  mouth.  Three  occupants  of  the  front  Opposition  bench 
cover  their  faces,  two  others  flee  from  the  explosion. 

Whitbread  (brewer  and  Whig  M.P.  for  Bedford)  was  a  consistent  and 
emphatic  supporter  of  all  the  motions  for  peace  with  France.  At  this  date 
he  was  in  agreement  on  the  subject  with  the  other  members  of  the  Opposi- 
tion, and  the  situation  depicted  would  be  more  consistent  with  his 
embarrassing  peace  resolution  of  29  Feb.  1808,  which  caused  a  party  split. 
One  of  many  references  to  'Whitbread 's  Entire',  e.g.  Nos.  8690,  9240, 
9548.  Cf.  No.  8087  (1792). 
iiix9i  in. 

x68 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

8639  4    THE  BEDFORD  LEVEL. 
JSf  [Sayers.] 

Published  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street  14^  April  lygs 
Engraving.  See  No.  8636.  The  gate  of  Bedford  House  (Bedford  Square) 
with  the  double  doors  sufficiently  open  to  show  a  man  descending  the 
steps  of  the  house  carrying  a  sack  of  plunder.  On  one  side  of  the  gate  sits 
the  Duke  of  Bedford,  dressed  as  a  jockey  and  seated  on  a  saddle  supported 
by  trestles ;  he  looks  down,  his  face  is  concealed  by  his  cap,  his  arms  are 
folded.  At  his  feet  is  a  paper:  Motion  for  Peace  zoith  France.  On  the 
opposite  side  sits  a  sansculotte  astride  a  pile  of  plunder  topped  by  a 
bundle  of  Title  De[eds]  of  Estates  in  — .  His  feet  rest  on  money-bags  and 
on  a  ducal  coronet.  He  wears  a  bonnet-rouge  and  grasps  a  bag  inscribed 
£1000,  looking  towards  the  Duke.  A  horizontal  beam  or  'Bedford  Level' 
touches  both  their  heads,  from  its  centre  rises  an  upright  against  which 
hangs  a  plumb-line,  exactly  vertical.  On  each  gate-post  is  a  double-headed 
Sphinx  (cf.  No.  8786),  one  head  (1.)  looks  down  mournfully  at  Bedford, 
another  (r.),  with  snaky  locks,  grins  down  at  his  companion. 

The  Duke  of  Bedford,  a  devoted  follower  of  Fox  (cf.  No.  8684),  made 
a  motion  for  peace  on  27  Jan.  1795  as  he  had  done  on  30  May  1794.  The 
title  refers  to  the  great  enterprise  for  draining  the  fens  undertaken  by  the 
4th  Earl  of  Bedford  and  completed  in  1653  (thereafter  called  the  Bedford 
level) ;  it  combines  an  allusion  to  his  vast  wealth  and  to  his  Jacobin  leanings. 
The  level  (a  Freemason's  sign)  was  much  used  in  France  from  1789  as  a 
symbol  of  equality.  Renouvier,  p.  397.  Cf.  Nos.  8363,  8763,  8834,  9156. 
1 1  X  9i  in. 

8640  5    THE    ST*****E    A    REPUBLICAN    GUNBOAT    CON- 
STRUCTED TO  SAIL  AGAINST  WIND  AND  TIDE. 

ySf    [Sayers.] 

Published  by  H  Humphrey  14  April  lygs 

Engraving.  See  No.  8636.  Stanhope  swims  beside  a  small  two-masted 
sailing-vessel,  dragging  it  against  wind  and  stream.  His  head  and  chest 
are  in  the  position  of  a  figure-head,  his  r.  arm  is  outstretched,  holding  a 
tricolour  flag,  his  1.  arm  is  stretched  behind  him  holding  the  tiller,  and  he 
kicks  at  the  rudder  with  the  1.  foot,  his  leg  being  raised  above  the  water 
from  the  knee.  He  is  pushed  forward  by  a  dolphin-like  monster  swimming 
(r.)  behind  the  vessel,  which  prods  the  skirts  of  his  coat  with  a  trident. 
The  monster  wears  a  French  cockade;  his  tail  waves  in  the  air.  From  a 
staff  in  the  stern,  surmounted  by  a  cap  of  Liberty,  flies  a  flag:  Equality  & 
Fraternity. 

Stanhope  breasts  the  rippled  water,  which  flows  strongly  against  him, 
inscribed  (1.)  The  Current  ofpMic  Opinion.  A  small  vessel  (1.)  in  the  back- 
ground sails  1.  to  r.,  her  sails  inflated.  From  the  upper  1,  margin  projects 
a  head  blowing  a  blast  of  Loyalty  against  'The  Stanhope'. 

On  13  Mar.  1790  Stanhope  took  out  a  patent  for  'constructing  ships 
and  vessels  and  moving  them  [by  steam]  without  help  of  sails,  and  against 
wind,  waves,  current  or  tide'.  (Cf.  No.  8787.)  An  experimental  ship,  the 
Kent,  fitted  with  sails  as  well  as  machinery,  was  constructed  for  the 
Admiralty  and  launched  in  the  Thames  in  1793.  Stanhope  and  Gooch, 
Charles,  third  Earl  Stanhope,  1914,  chap.  x.  (Reproduction,  p.  156.)  For 
Stanhope  as  a  republican  see  No.  8448,  &c. 
9|Xiif  in.  (pi.). 

169 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8641  6    A  RECRUIT  FOR  OPPOSITION  FROM  THE  TEMPLE 
OF  BRITISH  WORTHIES 

JSf  [Sayers.] 

Published  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street  14^^  April  lygs 

Engraving.  See  No.  8636.  The  Marquis  of  Buckingham,  tall  and  bulky, 
stands  against  a  measuring-post  (1.);  Lord  Derby,  standing  on  a  table, 
adjusts  the  horizontal  bar  to  his  head.  Buckingham,  wearing  dark  spec- 
tacles, stands  without  his  shoes  (which  lie  beside  him),  and  holding  his 
hat;  he  faces  Fox,  who  is  seated  on  a  drum  (r.),  and  says: 

To  Pitt  I  made  my  Proposition 
But  he  rejected  the  Condition 
So  I  enlist  zvith  Opposition 

He  holds  out  to  Fox  a  paper:  Condition  to  be  first  Lord  of  the  Admiralty. 
Fox,  taking  the  paper,  scrutinizes  it  through  a  glass  with  a  pleased  smile. 
His  drum  is  inscribed  C  F  and  beside  him  is  a  spear  from  whose  tasselled 
head  hangs  a  placard :  Watch  Word  Peace.  From  the  top  of  the  measuring- 
post  flies  a  flag  of  three  horizontal  stripes  inscribed  The  Standard  of 
Opposition. 

Buckingham  is  represented  as  piqued  at  not  being  made  first  lord  of  the 
Admiralty  when  Chatham  was  removed  in  Dec.  1794.  He  did  not  join  the 
Opposition  and  on  8  May  he  opposed  the  Opposition  motion  on  the  recall 
of  Fitzwilliam  from  Ireland.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  1520.  Nevertheless,  Miles 
wrote  14  Feb.  1795  to  Sir  E.  Newenham:  'The  Marquis  of  Buckingham 
is  in  direct  hostility  against  Mr.  Pitt  .  .  .  .'  Corr.  of  W.  A.  Miles  on  the 
French  Rev.  ii.  235.  See  also  Hist.  MSS.  Comm.,  Dropmore  MSS.,  iii. 
2-4.  The  Temple  of  British  Worthies  is  one  of  the  architectural  adorn- 
ments of  the  grounds  of  Stowe,  Buckingham's  country  seat. 
11^X9/6  in. 

8642  FRENCH  INVASION  UPON  DUTCH  BOTTOMS 
ySf  [Sayers.] 

Published  by  H  Humphrey  14^^  April  iyg5 

Aquatint.  See  No.  8636.  Five  members  of  the  Opposition  watch  with 
admiring  surprise  Ombres  Chinoises :  figures  whose  shadows  are  thrown  on 
a  sheet  or  screen,  the  scene  enclosed  in  a  circle :  three  fat  Dutchmen  seated 
on  the  sea  advance  directly  towards  the  spectators.  On  the  shoulders  of 
each  sits  a  French  sansculotte  soldier,  cadaverous  and  sinister ;  the  central 
figure  wears  a  cocked  hat  from  which  project  cannon  or  trench-mortars, 
he  holds  a  tricolour  flag.  The  others  wear  bonnets-rouges;  one  (1.)  blows 
a  trumpet,  the  other  (r.)  beats  a  drum.  The  Dutchmen  are  impassively 
smoking  pipes,  two  wear  French  cockades ;  from  the  hips  of  each  project 
the  mouths  of  cannon.  The  light  background  of  the  circle  stands  out  on 
a  tinted  ground;  above  it  is  a  scroll,  apparently  issuing  from  the  mouth 
of  the  trumpet :  Terror  the  Order  of  the  Day. 

Only  the  heads  and  shoulders  of  the  spectators  are  visible,  all  in  back 
view  except  that  of  Lansdowne  on  the  extreme  r.,  who  says  Astonishing 
effect.  The  others  (1.  to  r.)  are  Fox,  looking  through  a  glass  as  in  No.  8641, 
Sheridan,  Stanhope,  and  a  bishop  identified  as  Watson  of  Llandaff.  Fox 
says:  what  a  fine  Effect. 

After  the  conquest  of  Holland  and  the  Dutch  fleet  in  Jan.  1795  an 
invasion  of  England  was  expected:  Comwallis  wrote,  27  Jan.,  'I  cannot 

170 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1795 

entertain  a  doubt  of  this  country  being  invaded ;  indeed,  I  do  not  see  what 
the  French  can  do  else,  .  .  .'  Cornwallis  Corr.  ii.  283.  Cf.  No.  8432,  &c., 
and  especially  No.  9034  on  the  French  attempt  to  use  the  Dutch  fleet 
against  Great  Britain.  For  the  attitude  of  the  Opposition  cf.  (e.g.)  No.  8992. 
lof  X9j  in.   Diam.  of  circle,  8f  in. 

8643  OH!  CHE  BOCCONE! 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  April  15  lygs  hy  S  W  Fores  No  3  Piccadilly  who  has 
just  fitted  up  his  Exhibition  in  an  entire  Novel  stile,  admittance  one 
shilling 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales  stands  full-face, 
in  shirt  and  nightcap,  his  back  to  the  bridal  bed  (r.)  in  which  the  Princess 
lies  with  an  expression  of  smiling  expectancy.  The  Prince  stands  dis- 
mayed, with  his  r.  fingers  to  his  mouth.  On  a  table  beside  him  (1.)  are  two 
( ?)  mustard-pots  and  a  bottle  of  Cantharides.  On  the  wall  showing  between 
the  curtains  of  the  bed  is  a  picture  of  Leda  and  the  swan.  The  bed  is  ornate 
with  fringed  curtains,  and  the  Prince  of  Wales'  feathers  and  motto  at  the 
head.  Her  stockings,  shoes,  a  garter,  and  a  garment  draped  over  a  chair 
are  beside  the  Princess;  the  Prince's  clothes  lie  at  his  feet.  The  marriage 
took  place  on  8  Apr.  See  No.  8610,  &c. 
io|xi2fin. 

8644  LIGHT  EXPELLING  DARKNESS,— EVAPORATION  OF 
STYGIAN  EXHALATIONS,— OR— THE  SUN  OF  THE  CON- 
STITUTION, RISING  SUPERIOR  TO  THE  CLOUDS  OF  OPPOSI- 
TION. 

James  Gillray  des.  etfec^ 

Pu¥  April  30^  1795,  by  H.  Humphrey,  N"  37  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  as  a  Roman  charioteer,  wearing  a 
laurel  wreath,  is  seated  in  an  ornate  chariot  drawn  (1.  to  r.)  by  the  British 
Lion  and  the  White  Horse  of  Hanover  (cf.  No.  8691).  He  holds  the  reins, 
but  scarcely  controls  the  galloping  pair.  One  foot  rests  on  a  shield  bear- 
ing a  fanged  serpent,  and  wreathed  with  serpents,  inscribed :  Exit  Python 
Republicanus.  Behind  him  is  a  book  decorated  with  a  lyre  inscribed  Magna 
Charta.  Ornate  projections  from  the  back  of  the  chariot  support  the  disk 
of  the  'Sun  of  the  Constitution':  the  Hebrew  letters  for  Jehovah  are 
surrounded  by  the  words  commons  .  king  .  lords  ;  this  is  irradiated,  the 
royal  arms  being  etched  partly  on  the  sun,  partly  on  its  rays,  and  imme- 
diately behind  Pitt.  Two  cherubs  fly  behind  the  chariot  and  on  the  extreme 
1. ;  one  holds  up  a  Bible,  the  other  a  family  tree  of  the  Brunswick  Succession: 
from  the  base,  inscribed  G'  III,  rises  G  IV,  from  whose  circle  sprout  five 
stems;  beneath  is  inscribed:  And  future  Kings,  and  Monarchs  yet  unborn. 
A  fringed  cloth  on  the  back  of  the  horse  is  covered  by  the  royal  arms ;  one 
on  the  lion  has  Britannia,  seated  as  on  coins,  but  holding  up  a  dagger  in 
one  hand,  a  birch-rod  in  the  other.  Both  animals  dash  furiously  forward 
in  pursuit  of  the  Opposition.  The  horse  snorts  fire;  from  his  forehead 
thunderbolts  dart  towards  the  fugitives. 

The  chariot  is  on  an  ascending  slope  of  smooth  cloud,  lit  by  the  'Sun 
of  the  Constitution'  (cf.  No.  8287,  &c.)  and  strewn  with  roses  which  fall 
from  the  draperies  of  Justice,  who  floats  before  the  chariot,  leading  it  on, 

171 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

her  head  surrounded  by  a  scroll  inscribed  Honorable  Peace,  or  Everlasting 
War.  In  her  1.  hand  she  holds  up  her  balanced  scales,  in  her  r.  she  grasps 
a  flag-staff  on  which  the  British  flag  floats  above  a  tattered  tricolour 
pennant,  inscribed  Republic. 

From  under  the  dark  and  turbulent  edges  of  the  cloud-path  the  Opposi- 
tion flee  into  the  void.  On  the  extreme  1.  is  the  H.L.  figure  of  a  monstrous 
hag,  her  hair  composed  of  serpents  spitting  fire,  with  a  fillet  inscribed  The 
Whig  Club.  In  her  r.  hand  she  holds  one  of  the  serpents  which  issue  from 
her  pendent  breasts,  in  the  1.  is  an  almost  extinguished  firebrand.  She 
glares  up  in  impotent  rage.  Beneath  the  horse  and  lion  (r.)  are  the  heads 
and  shoulders  of  (1.  to  r.)  Sheridan,  Fox,  and  Stanhope,  their  hair  stream- 
ing behind  them ;  each  drops  a  dagger  from  his  raised  r.  hand.  Sheridan 
and  Fox  have  expressions  of  gloomy  terror.  Stanhope  is  melancholy  but 
composed.  In  the  abyss  beneath  the  clouds  are  three  small  winged  crea- 
tures: an  owl  (1.)  with  the  head  of  Lansdowne,  two  bats,  one  with  the  head 
of  M,  A.  Taylor,  the  other  (r.)  with  that  of  Erskine.  In  their  flight  they 
have  left  behind  them  on  the  path  of  cloud  three  papers:  Plan  for  inflaming 
the  Dissenters  in  Scotland',  A  scheme  for  raising  the  Catholicks  in  Ireland 
(cf.  No.  8632) ;  Jacobin  Prophecies  for  breeding  Sedition  in  England  (an 
allusion  to  Brothers,  see  No.  8627,  &c.). 

A  second  group  flees  upwards  away  from  the  thunderbolts  of  the 
Hanoverian  horse ;  from  the  head  of  each  falls  a  bonnet-rouge  whose  peak 
terminates  in  a  (fool's)  bell  (cf.  No.  9374).  They  are  Lauderdale,  with 
clasped  hands,  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  looking  round  apprehensively,  above 
him  the  Duke  of  Grafton,  and  above  again  Lord  Derby.'  Above  their 
heads  and  among  the  clouds  are  fleeing  serpents,  a  bonnet-rouge,  a  book : 
Irruption  of  the  Goths  and  Varidals.  2^  Edition,  and  a  scroll  whose  ragged 
edges  merge  in  cloud :  Patriotick  Propositions.  Peace,  Peace  on  any  Terms. 
Fraternization  Unconditional  Submission  No  Law,  no  King,  No  God. 
Another  branch  of  cloud  diverges  to  the  1.  behind  Justice.  Its  upper  part 
is  covered  with  wrecked  ships  and  tiny  fleeing  figures.  These  are  little 
sanscu'ottes,  all  with  large  bonnets-rouges,  one  naked,  others  barelegged 
except  for  boots  or  sabots.   They  drop  their  swords. 

The  print  reflects  passions  raised  by  debates  on  Stanhope's  Motion 
against  interference  in  the  internal  affairs  of  France  (6  Jan.  1795),  on  Grey's 
Motion  for  peace  with  France  (26  Jan.),  and  on  Bedford's  similar  Motion 
(27  Jan.),  as  well  as  Motions  by  Fox  and  Guilford  for  a  Committee  on  the 
State  of  the  Nation  (24  and  30  Mar.).  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  ii3off.,  &c. 
See  Nos.  8614,  8636-42.  For  earlier  peace  motions  cf.  No.  8437,  &c.  See 
also  No.  8655.  Cf.  No.  8792. 

Grego,  Gtllray,  pp.  183-4.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  119.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
i3i^8Xi7fin. 

8645  RELIGION  GALLOPING  AWAY  FROM  FRANCE. 

[i  May  1795] 
[Ceilings  del.,  Barlow  f.] 

Engraving.  Carlton  House  Magazine,  iv.  108.  A  man  rides  a  plunging 
mule  which  appears  to  be  shying  at  a  roadside  cross  (r.).   A  barefooted 

'  Lord  Holland  gives  alternative  identifications:  Stanhope  is  Francis,  and  Graf- 
ton is  Stanhope.  These  two,  however,  closely  resemble  other  heads  by  Gillray  of 
Stanhope  and  Grafton. 

172 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

monk  (1.)  lies  prone  on  the  ground  under  the  animal's  heels.  The  road 
leads  to  a  church  or  monastery.  In  the  text  the  French,  formerly  bigots, 
are  said  to  have  become  'downright  atheists'. 

Part  of  a  plate  (6|  X  8|  in.)  from  the  Attic  Miscellany,  ii.  153,  i  Feb.  1791, 
has  been  used.    It  was  originally  an  illustration  to  the  History  of  Nicolas 
Pedrosa.   A   Tale,  by  Mr.   Cumberland.    The  other  part  of  the  original 
design  is  No.  8702. 
6f  X4f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

8646  NO  GRUMBLING 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  May  6  Alias  Hair  Powder  Day  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50^ 
Piccadilly  corner  of  Sackville  St. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull  stands  four-square,  enor- 
mously fat  but  pressed  down  under  a  heavy  load  of  planks  or  blocks  which 
rests  on  his  head,  and  which  he  supports  with  both  hands,  looking  gloomily 
at  the  ground.  He  says :  If  they  squeeze  much  more  I  shall  Burst.  The  word 
Tax  is  repeated  on  his  person,  on  his  coat  (twice),  on  his  bursting  waistcoat, 
on  his  shirt,  on  his  breeches  (three  times),  and  on  each  fat  leg.  The  three 
top  buttons  of  his  coat  are  T,  A,  X.  The  King,  Pitt,  and  the  Prince  of 
Wales  are  straining  to  push  a  huge  block  on  to  the  top  of  the  pile  inscribed 
The  Princes  Debts  Annuities  Bonds  &c.  M^^  Fitsherbert  [Mrs]  Robinson, 
[Mrs]  Crouch.  The  King's  words  have  been  added  in  ink:  Load  away 
Pitt,  hey  what  what — no  Grumbling,  no  Grumbling,  Load  Load.  From  his 
pocket  hangs  a  paper:  Age  of  Reason.  Below  his  1.  foot  is  inscribed  (ode  to 
Liberty).  Pitt  (r.),  in  profile  to  the  1.,  stoops  to  push  hard  with  both  hands, 
saying:  To  be  sure  the  Prince  did  Promise  faithfully  not  to  get  in  Debt  any 
more,  when  we  paid  his  Debts  the  last  time  but — push  away — thats  your  sort 
[a  catchword  from  The  Road  to  Ruin,  see  No.  8073]  No  Grumbling! ! !  From 
his  pocket  protrudes  a  paper  Halhed  on  Brothers  (see  No.  8627 ;  Halhed, 
Orientalist  and  M.P.,  supported  Brothers  in  pamphlets  and  in  Parliament 
(31  Mar.  and  21  Apr.  1795).  See  D.N.B.)  The  pile  of  taxes  on  John  Bull's 
head  is  inscribed  (reading  dovsmwards):  Tax  on  Hearing  seeing  Thinking 
Walking.  Crying  Childreen  &c — The  Princess  Establishment,  only  300.000 

per  Annum.    The  Princess  of  W ^  Establishment  200.000  />'  An.    Tax 

on  Tiles.  Windows.  Doors.  Bricks.  Tiles.  Deals.  Coals.  Salt.  Butter  Barley. 
National  Debt.  New  Loan  18.000.000.  Imperial  Loan  6.000.000.  Subsi- 
dies Naples  Prussia  Sardinia.  Excise.  Stamps.  Breeches  Tax.  Malt  Tax. 
Tax  on  Hair  Powder.  Tobbacco  Tax,  New  Servants  Tax,  Shoe  Tax,  Stocking 
Tax,  Places.  Pensions.  Sinecures.  Secret  Services.  Spies.  By  his  r.  foot  is  a 
large  tankard  inscribed  Tax  Tax.  At  his  feet  lies  a  discarded  watch  and 
chain. 

On  the  1.  is  a  small  house  with  a  barber's  pole  and  the  words  Jon  Bull 
Barber  over  the  door.  It  is  shored  up  by  a  beam  inscribed  Taxed.  The 
closed  door  is  inscribed  Starved  out  and  Tax.  A  placard  on  the  wall  is 
inscribed  To  Let  inquire  at  M^  Pitt  Felons  Sid  Newgate.  Tax  is  inscribed 
on  the  wall,  on  a  window,  on  the  roof,  and  above  the  chimney. 

A  satire  on  the  heavy  burdens  on  John  Bull,  in  which  taxes  old,  new, 
and  imaginary  are  named,  cf.  No.  6914,  &c. ;   the  hair-powder  tax,  see 

'  The  number  50  appears  to  be  written  over  another  number  (3),  and  'corner 
of  Sackville  St.'  is  added  in  another  hand. 


Pob 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

No.  8629,  &c.,  and  the  Prince's  debts  are  stressed.  The  Prince's  debts, 
which  had  impelled  him  to  marriage,  see  No.  8610,  &c.,  came  before 
Parliament  on  27  Apr.  in  connexion  with  the  provision  of  an  estabUsh- 
ment  for  the  Prince  and  Princess.  Public  reports  on  their  amount  varied 
from  ;^ 600, 000  to  3^1,700,000  and  Pitt  estimated  them  at  from  3^600,000 
to  3^700,000.  They  were  debated  on  14  May.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  1464-96. 
See  No.  8673,  &c. ;  for  the  bonds  raised  by  the  Prince  see  No.  7850  (1791). 
Paine 's  Age  of  Reasoji  was  published  in  1794  (Part  I)  and  1795  (Part  II), 
and  strengthened  the  feeling  against  him  in  England.  Moncure,  Life  of 
Paine,  ii.  181-222.  'No  grumbling'  was  evidently  a  catch-word,  used  in 
relation  to  the  powder-tax,  cf.  Nos.  8650,  8668,  871 1.  For  the  Imperial 
Loan  and  subsidies  cf.  No.  8658. 
81^6X13  in. 


8647  THE  LAST  SCENE  OF  THE  MANAGERS  FARCE 

ySf  [Sayers.] 

Published  5**  May  lyg^by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving.  Letters  on  the  design  refer  to  an  Explanation  etched  below 
the  title.  A  scene  on  the  stage  of  a  theatre  symbolizes  Westminster 
Hall.  In  the  foreground  a  large  cauldron  is  sinking  through  a  rectangular 
opening  in  the  floor.  It  is  inscribed  A  \  Exit  in  Fumo,  explained  as  The 
Managers  Cauldron.  From  it  rises  a  dense  mass  of  dark  smoke  which 
divides  into  two  curving  branches,  one  on  each  side  of  a  brightly  irradiated 
bust  of  Hastings.  The  bust  looks  towards  the  Managers'  box  (r.)  and 
stands  on  a  large  rectangular  pedestal  inscribed:  Virtus  repulsee  \  nescia 
sordidce  \  incontaminatis  \  fulget  honoribus.  The  cauldron  is  filled  with  burn- 
ing documents,  the  origin  of  the  smoke,  inscribed,  respectively:  Charge, 
Charge  Presents,  Charge  of  Oppression,  Charge  of  Cruelty,  Charge  of  Extor- 
tion, Charge  of  Peculation  in  Contracts,  Torture.  These  are:  B  Ingredients 
mix'd  up  by  the  Managers  to  blacken  C  a  character  out  of  their  reach.  Stand- 
ing within  another  rectangular  opening  in  the  floor  is  Burke  in  profile  to 
the  1.,  gesticulating  furiously,  a  paint-brush  in  his  raised  r.  hand,  a  docu- 
ment, more  Ingredients,  clasped  in  his  1.  hand.  He  is :  Z)  One  of  the  Managers 
&  a  principal  Performer  who  having  "Out-heroded  Herod"  retires  from  the 
Stage  in  a  Passion  at  seeing  the  Farce  likely  to  be  damn'd. 

Above  the  bust  are  two  projecting  beams,  each  supported  by  an  angel 
(as  in  Westminster  Hall),  wearing  a  judge's  wig  and  gown  with  a  scroll 
issuing  from  the  mouth.  The  figure  on  the  1.  is  Thurlow,  looking  calmly 
down,  his  hand  on  his  breast  and  saying:  not  black  upon  my  Honour.  The 
other  is  Loughborough,  his  head  turned  away,  showing  the  back  of  his 
wig  only  (cf.  No.  6796),  and  saying:  Black  upon  my  Honour.  They  are: 
K  a  great  Critic  in  a  high  Situation,  who  has  paid  close  Attention.  L  another 
great  Critic,  not  quite  so  good  a  Judge,  giving  his  Opinion  on  the  other  Side. 

On  the  r.  is  a  stage-box,  representing  the  Managers'  box.  From  it  Fox, 
wearing  a  bag-wig,  leans  forward,  looking  excitedly  and  near-sightedly 
through  his  glass,  his  hand  outstretched  as  if  to  restrain  Burke.  Behind 
him  is  the  quasi-imbecile  profile  of  Sir  James  Erskine  (see  No.  7152)  look- 
ing over  his  shoulder.  On  the  extreme  r.  are  the  backs  of  the  heads  and 
shoulders  of  two  Managers  who  are  leaving  the  box.  Below  (r.)  a  profile 
looks  gloomily  towards  the  stage.  Fox  is  E  Another  Manager  a  great  Actor 
very  anxious  about  the  fate  of  the  Farce.  The  others  zxteee  Other  Managers 

174 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

very  well  dress' d  [cf.  No.  7309]  but  not  very  capital  performers  some  of  them 
tired  of  acting.  Just  outside  the  box  is  the  profile  head  of  Francis,  his  bale- 
ful stare  (as  in  No.  7292,  &c.)  fixed  on  the  bust.  He  is:  F  The  Prompter, 
no  Character  in  y'  farce  but  very  useful  behind  the  Scenes.  The  outside  of 
the  box  (G  The  Managers  Box)  is  traversed  by  the  winding  track  of  a  snail, 
beginning  in  lySy  and  meandering  past  1788,  178^,  1790,  1791,  1792, 
1793,  1794,  the  snail's  head  touching  1795.  A  rat  has  gnawed  a  hole  in 
the  front  of  the  box,  though  which  he  peers;  in  his  mouth  is  a  ticket: 
Permit  the  Bearer  to  Pass  &  Repass  1787  renewed  1795,  on  which  are 
indicated  the  arms  of  Sir  Peter  Burrell  (on  all  tickets  of  admission,  cf. 
No.  7276). 

Above  the  design  is  a  stage  curtain  with  the  usual  motto,  Veluti  in 
Speculum.  Below  the  stage  (r.)  appear,  in  an  oblong  aperture  fringed  with 
flames  {H.  a  Court  below  to  which  the  Managers  retire  upon  quitting  the 
Stage.),  the  head  and  hands  of  a  corpse-like  Devil  holding  a  pitchfork  which 
points  directly  to  the  Managers'  box.  He  is  /  Usher  of  the  Black  Rod  there. 
He  says: 

By  the  prichitig  of  my  Thumbs 
Something  wicked  this  Way  comes. 

Below  the  Explanation :  The  Scetie  lies  in  an  old  Hall  {formerly  a  Court 
of  Law). 

The  trial  of  Hastings,  begun  in  1788,  after  proceedings  in  the  Commons 
in  1787,  ended  in  Westminster  Hall  on  23  Apr.  1795,  when  the  question 
of  guilty  or  not  guilty  on  each  of  sixteen  points  separately  (based  on  the 
charges)  was  put  to  each  peer,  twenty-nine  only  voting.  For  the  voting  on 
each  charge  see  Ann.  Reg.,  1795,  pp.  i20*-6*.  Loughborough,  as  Lord 
Chancellor,  presided  and  voted  guilty  on  all  the  charges  except  the  two 
on  which  the  Not  Guilty  vote  was  unanimous.  For  the  trial  see  No. 
7269,  &c.  Burke's  closing  speech  (published  as  a  pamphlet),  lasting  nine 
days  (between  28  May  and  16  June),  was  severely  censured  in  the  debate 
on  the  vote  of  thanks  to  the  Managers  (20  June  1 794).  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  936  ff. 
Fox  was  said  (ibid.,  p.  947)  often  to  have  exerted  his  great  abilities  *to 
correct  the  follies  and  intemperance'  of  Burke.  See  Hist,  of  the  Trial  of 
Warren  Hastings,  1796,  Part  V,  pp.  1 19-44  5  A-  M-  Davies,  Warren  Hastings, 
1935,  pp.  499  flF.  The  reference  to  Westminster  Hall  as  'formerly  a  Court 
of  Law'  refers  not  only  to  the  general  character  of  the  proceedings,  but 
(probably)  to  the  contention  of  the  Managers,  over-ruled  by  Thurlow,  that 
the  rules  of  a  court  of  law  did  not  apply  to  an  impeachment,  appealing  to 
the  case  of  Strafford,  see  No.  7276,  &c.  For  the  part  taken  by  Francis  see 
Weitzmann,  Warren  Hastings  and  Philip  Francis,  1929,  and  No.  7309. 
iS^Xiof  in. 

8648  THE  REAL  CAUSE  OF  THE  PRESENT  HIGH-PRICE  OF 
PROVISIONS,  OR,  A  VIEW  ON  THE  SEA  COAST  OF  ENGLAND, 
WITH  FRENCH  AGENTS,  SMUGGLING  AWAY  SUPPLIES  FOR 
FRANCE. 

f  Gy  das'"  etfed 

Pii¥  May  iP^  1795,  by  H.  Humphrey,  N°  37,  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  'French  Agents'  purchase  sheep,  cattle, 
and  pigs,  which  are  being  driven  into  boats  to  be  taken  to  a  French  ship 
at  anchor.    Fox,  as  the  commissary  general,  stands  in  profile  to  the  1., 

175 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

holding  a  bag  of  French  Gold  and  pouring  coins  into  the  hand  of  the  stout  and 
smiling  Lansdowne  who  is  dressed  as  a  farmer,  and  is  disposing  of  a  jflock 
of  sheep  (1.).  Sheridan  stands  on  Fox's  r.,  clutching  a  money-bag  and 
gazing  fixedly  at  Lansdowne.  Behind  them  is  the  taller  Grey.  These  three 
are  fashionably  dressed,  especially  Fox  who  wears  a  French  cocked  hat, 
long  overcoat  reaching  to  his  heels,  over  a  frogged  coat.  The  other  two 
wear  long  coats  and  bonnets-rouges,  with  half-boots.  Behind  them  stands 
their  clerk,  Erskine,  a  sansculotte  wearing  sabots  and  a  bonnet-rouge,  with 
barrister's  wig  and  bands.  He  writes :  Republican  Purchase. 

In  the  foreground  (1.)  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  dressed  as  a  farmer,  but 
wearing  fashionable  spurred  top-boots,  sits,  complacently  counting  money, 
on  a  sack  of  Superfine  Bedfordshire  Flour  for  Paris  (cf.  No.  8783).  Beside 
him  (1.)  are  sacks  of  Fine  Bedfordshire  Flour  labelled  For  Dieppe  and  For 
Ostend.  Behind  them  and  in  the  middle  distance  the  Duke  of  Norfolk 
walks  to  the  r.,  carrying  on  his  head  a  steaming  dish  of  Norfolk  Dumplings. 
Near  him  is  the  Duke  of  Grafton  driving  cattle  towards  the  shore.  On  the 
r.  is  a  boat  containing  pigs  and  a  cow.  Stanhope  sits  at  the  tiller,  smoking. 
He  wears  a  bonnet-rouge  with  a  bag-wig.  The  boat  has  a  furled  sail  and 
flies  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Vive  la  Republique.  Another  boat-load  of 
cattle  is  being  rowed  towards  the  French  ship. 

In  the  foreground  is  a  basket  of  chickens  and  geese  and  a  bundle  of 
muskets,  across  which  is  a  tricolour  scroll  inscribed  Provision  for  French 
Army.  Dissenting  Manufacture. 

The  Opposition  are  classed  as  either  French  agents  (the  four  com- 
moners) or  treacherous  supporters  of  France  (the  five  peers).  Grafton 
owes  his  position  to  his  attitude  towards  peace  proposals.  For  the  high 
price  of  provisions  see  No.  8665,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  188  (reproduction).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  122. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
iif  X  16J  in. 

8649  POLONius. 

[Gillray.] 

Pub^  May  18^^  1795,  by  H.  Humphrey  N"  37  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Salisbury,  as  Lord  Chamberlain,  hold- 
ing his  wand,  walks  stiffly  before  the  King  and  Queen  across  one  of  the 
courts  of  St.  James's  Palace,  evidently  on  the  way  to  a  Drawing  Room. 
He  bends  forward  from  the  waist,  holding  a  small  three-cornered  hat  in 
his  1.  hand ;  his  gold  key  of  office  is  attached  to  the  flap  of  his  embroidered 
coat-pocket  by  a  bow  of  ribbon.  The  Queen  (r.),  holding  a  fan,  takes  the 
King's  1.  arm;  he  looks  down  at  her;  both  are  slightly  caricatured.  They 
are  followed  by  four  princesses,  charming  girls,  slightly  sketched,  with 
feathers  in  their  hair,  who  are  on  the  farther  side  of  an  archway  through 
which  the  King  and  Queen  have  just  passed.  The  procession,  receding  in 
perspective,  advances  diagonally  from  1.  to  r. 

Salisbury  was  satirized  by  Gillray  in  No.  6115  (1782)  for  a  wooden 
appearance  and  vacant  expression.  Caricatures  of  Salisbury  as  Lord 
Chamberlain  generally  appear  to  derive  from  this  print,  e.g.  Nos.  8724, 
9297. 

Grego,  Gillray y  p.  188.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  123.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9jXi3iVn. 

176 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

8650  DRESSING    THE    MINISTER    ALIAS    ROASTING    THE 
GUINEA  PIG 

Pub  23  May  iyg5  by  S.  W Fores  50  Piccadilly,  corner  of  Sackville  St.^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Seven  barbers,  broadly  caricatured,  are 
grouped  round  Pitt  who  is  spitted,  and  hangs  head  dow^nwards,  naked, 
before  a  huge  fire.  Under  his  head  is  a  barber's  bowl ;  a  barber  kneeling 
on  one  knee  in  profile  to  the  r.  puts  a  brush  to  his  nose,  saying,  this  will 
lather  him  I'll  warrent  him.  this  will  make  him  smart.  A  stout,  jovial  man, 
also  in  profile  to  the  r.,  sprinkles  him  with  a  dredger,  saying:  F II Flour  him 
a  dog.  do  you  like  it  Billy;  I  say  no  Grumbling.  A  French  barber,  wearing 
a  long  queue,  bites  ( ?)  an  apple,  saying.  Ah  grant  to  me  von  little  bite!  (Cf. 
No.  5790.)  Behind  stands  another  Frenchman,  full-face,  his  hand  on  his 
breast,  saying,  pauvre  Diable,  it  vill  be  one  warning  to  him.  Another  stand- 
ing on  the  r.  singes  Pitt  with  a  burning  paper  inscribed:  Prince's  Debts, 
saying,  by  gar  de  Minister  vas  renversee  vat  you  do  call  out  of  his  place.  On 
the  r.  stands  a  stern-looking  man  holding  out  a  pair  of  tongs  towards  Pitt 
and  saying :  What  take  away  all  our  Business  &  then  make  us  pay  the  Prince's 
debts,  besides  did  not  he  promise  Us  he  would  never  pay  them  again  a  lying 
dog??  In  front  (r.)  a  fat  barber  sits  full-face ;  a  barber's  bowl  on  his  knee 
serves  as  a  plate.  He  holds  a  knife  and  fork  across  it,  saying,  /  shall  have 
a  double  appetite  when  the  Guinea  pig  [cf.  No.  8628]  is  well  roasted.  On  the 
extreme  1.  is  the  King's  head  in  profile  to  the  r.  on  a  pole,  serving  as 
a  barber's  block,  and  looking  apprehensively  at  Pitt.  Above  it,  serving  as  a 
second  title,  is  engraved  The  Barbers  Shop. 

For  the  tax  on  hair-powder  see  No.  8629,  &c.,  and  the  Prince's  debts 
see  No.  8673,  &c. ;  for  'no  Grumbling',  No.  8646. 
8^^X13  in. 

8651  GOD  SAVE  THE  KING,— IN  A  BUMPER.  OR— AN  EVENING 
SCENE,  THREE  TIMES  A  WEEK  AT  WIMBLETON. 

J'  Gy  des''  etfed 

Pu¥  May  2y^^  lyg^  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  57  New  Bond  St 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  and  Dundas  are  tipsily  carousing 
at  a  rectangular  table  from  which  the  cloth  has  been  removed.  Pitt,  wear- 
ing spurred  top-boots,  sits  on  the  corner  of  the  table  in  profile  to  the  1., 
his  chair  behind  him  at  the  head  of  the  table.  Dundas  (1.),  wearing  a  plaid 
across  his  shoulders,  sits  full-face,  turning  his  head  in  profile  to  the  r.,  and 
waving  a  tobacco-pipe  towards  Pitt.  They  touch  glasses,  each  holding  his 
glass  in  the  1.  hand;  Pitt  tries  to  fill  them,  but  with  the  bottle  reversed, 
spilling  its  contents.  On  the  table  is  a  decanter  of  Brandy,  a  bottle  on  its 
side,  a  clutter  of  empty  bottles,  glasses,  Pitt's  broken  pipe,  and  a  plate  of 
food.  In  the  foreground  are  bottles  in  a  wine-cooler,  and  under  the  table 
is  a  chamber-pot  on  which  is  a  figure  of  Britannia.  Above  the  heads  of 
the  topers : 

''Send  us  Victorious, 

"Happy  and  Glorious, 

"Long  to  Reign. — go  it  my  Boy! 

"Billy  my  Boy,  all  my  Joy, 

— God  save  the  King! 

'  'so'  is  written  over  another  number  (3),  and  the  words  after  'Piccadilly'  are 
added  in  a  different  hand. 

177  N 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Pitt  and  Dundas  both  had  houses  at  Wimbledon.  For  their  heavy  drink- 
ing cf.  Nos.  8683,  8798,  8799.   Cf.  also  No.  7282. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  189.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  125.  Reprinted,  G.W^.G., 
1830. 
9fxi3iin. 

8652  THE  TRIUMPHAL  ENTRY  OF  ALEXANDER  THE  GREAT, 
INTO  BABYLON  AFTER  THE  CONQUEST  OF  PERSIA. 

Drawn  from  Nature.    Will"*  Hanlon  Sculpt^ 
Pub.  May  2y  iyg5  by  S  W.  Fores  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  George  III,  wearing  a  cocked  hat  and 
holding  up  a  large  sabre,  marches  in  profile  to  the  1.  at  the  head  of  a  body 
of  maimed,  decrepit,  and  ragged  soldiers.  First  is  a  group  of  four,  three 
with  muskets,  one  hobbling  on  crutches.  Then  a  one-armed  officer  hold- 
ing up  a  sword,  followed  by  three  soldiers  marching  together.  All  the 
soldiers  are  thin,  in  contrast  to  the  King.  Below  the  design:  See!  See!  the 
Conquering  Hero  comes!!! 

For  a  similar  attack  on  the  King  cf.  No.  8516.   Cf.  also  No.  8328,  &c. 
8|xi3f  in. 

8653  A  TRUE  BRITISH-TAR. 

J*  &  des"*  etfec^ — Pu¥  May  28^^  1795-  by  H.  Humphrey  N.  57  New 
Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Design  in  an  oval.  An 
enlarged  version  of  No.  8601,  with  the  same  inscription.  A  cruel  rendering 
of  the  subject. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  187-8.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  121.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
10^X7!  in. 

8654  JOHN  BULL  GROUND  DOWN. 
designed  by  F'  D  Esq'  [Gillray  f.] 

Pu¥  June  i^'  I795  by  H.  Humphrey  N.  37.  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured^  impressions).  John  Bull's  head  and 
shoulders  emerge  from  a  gigantic  coffee-mill.  He  is  being  ground  by  Pitt 
into  guineas  which  pour  from  the  spout  of  the  machine  into  the  inverted 
coronet  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  held  out  by  the  Prince  (1.).  John  Bull,  his 
hands  clasped,  shrieks  Murder!  Murder!  Pitt  (r.),  both  hands  on  the 
handle,  is  working  hard,  stripped  to  his  shirt.  His  coat  lies  across  an  enor- 
mous heap  of  guineas  on  which  he  rests  his  1.  knee.  He  says:  God  save 
great  George  our  Ki  .  .  .  Behind  him,  and  in  the  upper  r.  corner  of  the 
design,  is  the  croviTi,  the  centre  of  a  sun  whose  rays  extend  behind  Pitt's 
head,  with  the  words:  Grind  away!  grind  away  grind  away  Billy!  never 
mind  his  bawling!  grind  away.  Other  words  from  the  crown  are  directed 
towards  the  victim:  What! — What! — what!  Murder  hay?  why,  you  poor 
Stupe,  is  it  not  for  the  good  of  your  Country?  hay?  hay.  Between  Pitt  and 
the  post  of  the  mill  Dundas  and  Burke  are  grovelling  for  guineas:  Burke, 
frowning,  uses  both  hands ;  Dundas,  who  wears  a  plaid,  fills  his  Scots  cap. 

. '  E.  Hawkins  has  written  'Handlung'  below  the  signaUire. 
*  In  'Caricatvires',  iv.  68. 

178 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

Behind  the  post  Loughborough  grovels,  his  elongated  judge's  wig  turned 
in  back  view  (cf.  No.  6796). 

The  Prince  (r.)  wearing  a  Garter  ribbon,  with  the  letters  G.P  on  the 
jewel,  kneels  on  one  knee,  his  head  turned  in  back  view;  he  points  out  his 
harvest  of  coins  to  a  row  of  creditors.  These  stand  in  a  row  on  the  1. : 
a  jockey,  probably  Chifney  (given  a  pension  by  the  Prince,  see  No.  7918), 
holds  out  a  paper:  Debts  of  Honor.  Next,  a  bearded  Jew  holds  out  a  paper 
headed  Money  Lent  at  £500  p^  Cent,  Next  is  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  (carica- 
tured) and  another  woman  ( ?  Mrs.  Crouch) ;  others  are  indicated.  Behind 
this  group  is  part  of  the  colonnade  and  fa9ade  of  Carlton  House. 

For  the  Prince's  debts,  see  No.  8673,  &c.  Burke  was  given  a  pension 
of  ;Ci,2oo  on  the  civil  list  (30  Aug.  1795)  for  the  lives  of  himself  and  his 
wife,  and  a  further  pension  of  ^^2,500.  Stanhope,  Life  of  Pitt,  1879,  "• 
107-8.  See  Nos.  8704,  8788,  8792,  &c.  Nos.  8998,  9025,  9400  are  similar 
themes  (Pitt  and  Dundas,  encouraged  by  George  III,  exploit  John  Bull). 
Cf.  Nos.  8808,  8836,  9508. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  188.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  124.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9^X13  fin. 

8655  PRESAGES  OF  THE  MILLENIUM; 
f  Gy  des""  et  fed 

Pu¥  June  4*^  1795-  by  H.  Humphrey  N,  37  New  Bond  Street 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  as  Death  on  the  pale  Horse  rides 
naked  on  the  White  Horse  of  Hanover,  galloping  over  the  prostrate  bodies 
of  pigs ;  other  pigs,  a  multitude  extending  to  the  horizon,  flee  before  him. 
On  the  horse's  fringed  saddle-cloth  is  a  crown.  Pitt  is  very  emaciated,  his 
flaming  hair  streams  behind  him  encircled  by  a  fillet  inscribed  Destruction. 
In  his  r.  hand  is  a  large  flaming  sword;  in  his  1.  he  holds  the  thread-like 
body  of  a  scaly  monster  with  gaping  jaws,  webbed  wings,  and  serpent's 
tail.  Behind  him  on  the  horse's  hind  quarters  sits  a  naked  imp  wearing 
the  feathered  coronet  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  with  the  motto  Ich  di[en]. 
He  grasps  Pitt,  and  kisses  his  posterior;  in  his  1.  hand  he  holds  out  a  paper: 
Provision  for  the  Millenium  £123,000  p^  A**.  The  horse's  tail  streams  out, 
expanding  into  clouds,  and  merging  with  the  flames  of  Hell  which  rise 
from  the  extreme  r.  In  the  tail  and  flames  imps  are  flying,  headed  by 
Dundas  holding  a  pitchfork;  he  wears  a  wig  and  plaid  with  horns  and 
webbed  wings.  Behind  are  three  imps :  Loughborough,  indicated  as  usual 
by  an  elongated  judge's  wig  in  back  view  (cf.  No.  6796);  Burke  with 
webbed  wings  and  serpent's  tail ;  Pepper  Arden^  wearing  a  large  wig. 

In  the  foreground  (r.)  Pitt's  opponents  are  being  kicked  towards  Hell 
by  the  horse's  hind  legs.  Fox  has  just  been  violently  struck  in  the  face, 
and  staggers  backwards,  clutching  a  paper  inscribed  Peace.  Sheridan  lies 
prone,  face  downwards,  hands  raised,  as  if  for  mercy.  Wilberforce  sits  on 
the  ground  clasping  his  Motion  for  a  Peace  (see  No.  8637).  Behind  Fox 
Lansdowne  looks  up  from  the  ground,  clenching  his  fists.  On  the  extreme 
r.  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  Lord  Stanhope,  and  the  Duke  of  Grafton  are  about 
to  plunge  into  the  flames:  Fox  in  falling  is  pushing  them  over. 

The  title  continues : — zoith  The  Destruction  of  the  Faithful,  as  Revealed 
to  R:  Brothers,  the  Prophet,  <£f  attested  by  M.  B.  Hallhead  Esq  \  ''And  e'er 
the  Last  Days  began,  I  looked,  &  behold,  a  White  Horse,  &  his  Name  who 

'  Identified  by  Wright  and  Evans  as  Lord  Kenyon.  The  identification  in  the 
text  is  confirmed  by  Lord  Holland. 

179 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

sat  upon  it  was  Death:  &  Hell  followed  after  him;  &  Power  was  given  unto 
him  to  kill  with  the  |  "  Sword,  &  zvith  Famine,  &  with  Death;  And  I  saw 
under  him  the  Souls  of  the  Multitude,  those  who  were  destroyed  for  maintaing 
[sic]  the  word  of  Truth,  &  for  the  Testimony — 

For  the  prophecies  of  Brothers  see  No.  8627,  &c.  Halhed,  M.P.  for 
Lymington,  spoke  in  behalf  of  the  prophet  and  his  prophecies  in  Parlia- 
ment on  31  Mar.  and  21  Apr.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  1413-28.  Stanhope, 
Life  of  Pitt,  1879,  "•  ^°3-  -^^^^  tramples  on  the  'swinish  multitude',  see 
No.  8500,  &c.  For  the  provision  for  the  Prince  of  Wales  on  his  marriage 
see  No.  8673,  &c. ;  actually  he  thought  that  Pitt  had  tricked  him  over  the 
amount.  Wilberforce  is  included  on  account  of  his  motion  for  peace  on 
27  May  1795  (Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  i  ff.);  cf.  No.  8637.  'Death  on  the  pale 
Horse'  was  a  favourite  subject,  engravings  after  paintings  by  Mortimer  and 
West  were  popular.  For  the  White  Horse  of  Hanover  cf.  No.  8691.  The 
contrast  with  No.  8644  is  noteworthy. 

A  copy,  c.  loX  II  in.,  Js.  Gy  des,  was  issued  without  imprint  (A.  de  R. 
XV.  126). 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  189-90  (small  copy).   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  127. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  No.  127. 
iif  X  14!^  in. 

8655  A  A  copy  etched  by  G.  Cruikshank  for  a  work  which  Hone  intended 
to  publish  in  defence  of  his  'Political  Litany'  and  other  pamphlets  for 
which  he  was  tried  and  acquitted,  December  1817.   Reid,  No.  711. 
3fX4i^gin. 

8656  A   KEEN-SIGHTED   POLITICIAN   FINDING   OUT   THE 
BRITISH  CONQUESTS. 

J'  Gy  des*"  et  fed 

Pu¥  June  8*^  1795-  by  H.  Humphrey  N.  57.  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  8659.  Gren- 
ville  seated  in  an  ornate  armchair  peers  near-sightedly  at  a  map  of  The 
Globe  in  two  hemispheres  which  he  holds  up  to  his  face.  The  eastern 
hemisphere,  at  which  he  is  not  looking,  shows  an  exaggeratedly  large  tract 
of  French  Conquests.  His  posteriors  and  legs,  very  solid  in  No.  8659,  are 
thin.  He  sits  before  a  light  rectangular  table  on  which  are  ink-stand  and 
pens  and  two  books,  Court  Calender  and  Locke  on  Human  Understanding  (as 
in  No.  8659).  On  the  wall  are  two  pictures,  the  subjects  merely  indicated : 
The  Treasury  (1.)  shows  the  arched  gate  and  stone  wall  of  many  satires; 
Brittania  Triumphant:  Britannia  seated  with  spear  and  shield.  A  patterned 
carpet  completes  the  design. 

Grenville  fixes  his  attention  on  scarcely  visible  successes  in  the  W.  Indies, 
ignoring  the  French  conquests  in  Europe.  The  'Court  Calender'  and  'The 
Treasury'  indicate  eagerness  for  the  perquisites  of  office,  cf.  No.  8061 
(1792). 
io|X7| -m. 

8657  WHAT  A  CUR  'TIS! 
[Gillray.] 

Pu¥June  9**  1795,  by  H.  Humphrey  N  37  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).    Lord  Howe  sits  full-face  in  an  arm- 
chair, reading  a  Gazette  headed  June  J^'  1795-   He  wears  naval  uniform 
with  a  hat,  smokes  a  long  pipe  and  scowls  meditatively.   A  dog  with  the 

180 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

head  of  Sir  Roger  Curtis  grovels  at  his  feet,  kissing  his  r.  toe;  he  has  a 
collar  inscribed  Black  Dick's  Dog.  Behind  Howe  is  a  row  of  windows  close 
together,  with  a  view  of  the  sea  and  ships.  Beneath  the  windows  is  a  broad 
shelf  on  which  are  wine-bottles,  a  sextant,  and  a  punch-bowl.  On  a  table 
at  Howe's  r.  hand  are  a  glass  of  wine  and  a  plan  of  Torhay.  Beneath  the 
title :  Done  from  an  Original  Drawing  by  a  British  Officer — &  published  as 
a  Guide  to  Preferment. 

Curtis  was  Howe's  flag-captain,  and  was  captain  of  the  Queen  Charlotte 
during  the  battle  of  the  First  of  June,  see  No,  8469,  &c.  It  was  asserted 
that  his  advice  checked  the  pursuit  of  the  defeated  enemy.  On  4  July 
1794  he  was  made  rear-admiral  and  in  the  following  September  was 
created  a  baronet.  For  the  implications  of  Torbay  see  No.  8352,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  190.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  128.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
io|X9|in. 

8658  BLINDMANS-BUFF— OR— TOO  MANY  FOR  JOHN  BULL. 
[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  June  J2'*  1795  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  37  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull,  blindfolded,  is  being  robbed 
and  bullied  by  the  powers  of  Europe  who  are  urged  on  by  Pitt.  He  stands 
in  back  view,  without  his  coat,  leaning  forward  with  outstretched  arms, 
wearing  the  wrinkled  gaiters  by  which  Gillray  denotes  the  countryman 
(cf.  No.  8141,  &c.).  The  Emperor  (1.),  wearing  a  crown  and  a  long  ermine- 
lined  robe  decorated  with  a  Habsburg  eagle,  leans  forward  from  the  1.,  and 
furtively  picks  his  pocket.  He  holds  a  document  inscribed  Imperial  Loan. 
Prussia,  as  a  Death's  Head  hussar,  stands  full-face  near  the  Emperor  and 
snaps  his  fingers  at  John  Bull,  holding  out  in  triumph  a  money-bag 
inscribed  £2000000.  On  the  r.  John  is  assailed  by  France  and  Holland :  a 
lean  and  ragged  sansculotte  with  clenched  fists  kicks  him  behind;  a  fat 
Dutchman,  holding  a  tobacco-pipe,  puffs  a  blast  of  smoke  in  his  face.  On 
the  extreme  1.  Pitt  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  holding  John  Bull's  coat  and 
putting  his  hand  into  its  pocket,  he  says:  Go  it,  my  Honies,  go  it!  Supple 
him  a  little!  Supple  him! 

The  print  reflects  the  attacks  on  the  loan  to  the  Emperor,  28  May, 
3  June,  10  June,  when  the  folly  of  the  subsidy  to  Prussia  in  1794  (used  for 
the  Partition  of  Poland,  cf.  No.  8477)  was  adduced.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  37- 
45 ;  see  also  xxxi.  1294,  1344,  1558  ff.  For  the  burden  of  subsidies  cf. 
No.  8821,  &c.  For  the  conquest  of  Holland  and  the  fraternization  of  the 
Dutch  with  the  French,  see  No.  8608,  &c.  One  of  many  satires  on  the 
burdens  of  the  war,  cf.  No.  8646. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  189.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  126.   Van  Stolk,  No. 
5316.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
9fXi3iin. 

8659  A  KEEN-SIGHTED  POLITICIAN  WARMING  HIS  IMAGINA- 
TION. 

J'  Gy  des"  etfed 

Pu¥  June  13^^  1795,  by  H.  Humphrey  N  37  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  8656.  Gren- 
ville  stands  on  a  hearth-rug,  his  back  to  a  blazing  fire  (r.),  holding  up  to 
his  face  an  open  book  inscribed:  Fundamental  Principles  of  Government 

181 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

for  I'^gS,  at  which  he  looks  sideways  and  near-sightedly.   He  raises  his 
coat-tails  to  warm  his  bulky  posteriors,  his  1.  hand  in  his  breeches  pocket. 
On  the  chimney-piece  lie  two  books:  Court  Cookery  and  Locke  on  Human 
Understanding.  Hanging  above  it  is  a  Map  of  British  Victories  on  the  Conti- 
nent on  which  confused  scrawls  are  depicted.    On  the  back  wall  (1.)  is  a 
bracket  supporting  a  bowl  of  gold-fish,  above  which  is  a  picture  of  the 
Treasury  Bench :  three  Ministers  seated  as  if  in  Parliament,  in  back  view 
with  their  coats  drawn  aside  to  show  their  bulky  posteriors ;  the  wall  of  the 
Treasury  forms  a  background.  Beneath  the  title  is  etched  in  two  columns : 
"Lord-Pogy  boasts  no  common  share  of  head; 
"What  plenteous  stores  of  knowledge  may  contain 
**The  spacious  tenement  of  Fogy's  brain! 
"Nature  in  all  her  dispensation  wise, 
"Who  formed  his  head-piece  of  so  vast  a  size^ 
Hath  noty  'tis  true,  neglected  to  bestow 
Its  due  proportion  on  the  part  below; 
And  hence  we  reason,  that  to  serve  the  state 
His  top  &  bottom,  may  have  equal  weight  J" 
A  satire  on  Grenville's  eagerness  for  lucrative  office,  and  on  the  failures 
of  the  continental  campaigns  of  1794-5,  as  in  No.  8656.   Grenville  was 
noted  for  the  heaviness  of  his  posteriors,  here  caricatured.  See  No.  9569. 
Grego,  Gillray,  p.  191 ;  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  129.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
ii|-X9|in. 

8660  THE  RIVAL  PIGS, 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  June  1$  1795  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  the  corner  of  Sackville  St 

Piccadilly 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.)  and  Fox  (r.),  as  pigs,  but  each 
with  his  own  head,  sit  on  two  chairs  almost  back  to  back ;  each  looks  over 
his  shoulder  at  the  other.  Pitt,  alert  and  complacent,  his  powdered  hair 
dressed  high  and  with  his  queue  in  a  bag,  says  Poor  Piggy.  Fox,  swarthy 
and  unkempt,  answers:  You  be  Damd.  Below  Pitt:  A  Guinea  Pig  (see 
No.  8628) ;  below  Fox :  A  Pig  without  a  Guinea. 

In  the  background  are  other  pigs  on  a  small  scale  and  without  human 
heads,  some  wearing  powdered  wigs,  others  without  wigs.  Two  couples 
of  pigs  sit  facing  each  other  at  small  round  tables :  one  couple  in  argument, 
the  other  playing  cards ;  these  are  behind  Fox.  Two  bewigged  pigs  stand 
one  on  each  side  of  a  counter  on  which  are  coins ;  this  is  Sinking  Fund  (see 
No.  7551,  &c.).  Two  others  (1.)  approach  a  counter  behind  which  stands 
a  pig  receiving  guineas ;  behind  him  is  a  guillotine  inscribed  Nob  Office. 

A  satire  on  Pitt's  hair-powder  Tax,  see  No.  8629,  &c.    Cf.  No.  8663. 
A  covert  threat  is  perhaps  implied,  cf.  No.  8365. 
8fXi4^  in. 

8661  THIS  DAY,  A  CHARITY  SERMON  WILL  BE  PREACH'D 
AT  ST  STEPHENS  CHAPEL  FOR  THE  POOR  CHARITY  CHIL- 
DREN OF  ST  JAMES'S  PARISH 

FT  [?  L  Cruikshank.]  June  i<f  [1795] 

Pen  and  water-colour;  design  for  a  print.   The  Duke  of  York  (1.)  and  the 
Prince  of  Wales  (r.)  stand  one  on  each  side  of  a  church  door,  each  holding 

182 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

out  a  collecting-plate,  and  each  saying,  Pray  remember  the  poor  Charity 
Children  of  S^  Jam^  parish.  Behind,  a  crowd  of  men  leave  the  Church, 
Pitt  holding  out  a  plate  to  them,  saying.  What  is  £130,000  p''  Ann  when 
you  consider  the  price  of  provisions  &  other  things  pray  remember.  Three 
labels  rise  from  the  heads  of  the  reluctant  congregation  (M.P.s):  /  have 
disinherited  my  own  Son  for  contracting  Debts  at  Brothels  &  gaming  Tables; 
At  the  last  Charity  Sermon  both  his  Father  &"  he  promised,  that  he  sh^  not 
become  chargeable  to  the  parish  again ;  This  Begging  is  made  a  Trade  of. 

The  tiny  Duchess  of  York,  also  holding  a  plate,  stands  with  her  1.  hand 
under  the  Duke's  arm,  saying,  I  was  born  in  a  strange  Land  of  honest  Parents, 
but  their  characters  are  neither  here  nor  there  pray  remember.  The  Princess 
of  Wales,  three  ostrich  plumes  in  her  hair,  stands  with  her  plate  behind 
the  Prince's  back,  looking  at  him  reproachfully  over  her  r.  shoulder  and 
saying,  /  came  here  naked  &  he  hath  half  covered  me  pray  remember.  On  the 
extreme  r.  stands  the  stout  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  in  profile  to  the  1.,  clutching 
papers  inscribed  6000  P*"  Ann  (see  No.  8485) ;  she  says:  It's  always  good  to 
have  something  in  hand.  The  Duke  of  Clarence,  wearing  striped  sailor's 
trousers  and  a  cocked  hat,  stands  on  the  extreme  1.  with  an  infant  (one  of 
the  Fitzclarences)  in  his  arms;  he  holds  a  paper  (or  collecting-box): 
][^rs  Jordans  Night.  The  infant  holds  a  paper :  For  the  Benefit  ofM''^  Jordan 
— a  new  Way  to  pay  Old  Debts  the  part  of  S''  Giles  Overreach  by  Tkf  George, 
being  his  second  Appearance  in  that  Character.  (Massinger's  comedy,  re- 
vived several  times  in  the  eighteenth  century.)  The  Duke  looks  down 
disconsolately  as  if  aware  that  he  would  have  no  share  in  the  collection 
but  would  be  forced  to  rely  on  his  mistress's  earnings. 

In  the  background  the  King  and  Queen  are  seated  on  one  horse  as  in 
No.  6918,  a  sign-post  pointing  To  Windsor.  The  King  says:  /  never  inter- 
fere in  Parish  Business  they  must  provide  for  their  own  poor.  The  Queen 
says :  Charity  begins  at  home  Love  who  knows  what  we  may  all  come  to.  (Cf . 
No.  7836.) 

A  satire  on  the  debates  (27  Apr.  and  14  May)  on  the  King's  message 
asking  for  an  establishment  for  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales  and  for 
the  payment  of  the  Prince's  debts.  Grey  protested  that  this  was  the  second 
application  'and  that,  too,  after  a  solemn  promise  had  been  made,  that  no 
future  debt  should  be  incurred'.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  1465  ff.  At  charity 
sermons,  the  most  important  being  the  annual  one  in  St.  Paul's  for  London 
charity-schools,  some  of  the  children  who  would  benefit  held  collecting- 
plates.  For  the  Prince's  debts  see  No.  8673,  &c.  The  Dukes  of  York  and 
Clarence  were  also  heavily  in  debt,  see  No.  8666,  and  cf.  No.  9033.  For 
food-prices,  see  No.  8665,  &c. 
8|Xi3iin. 

8662  THE  LONGITUDE  AND  LATITUDE  OF  WARLEY  CAMP 
IN  THE  SUMMER  OF  1795. 

[?L  Cruikshank.] 

Published,  June  2&^  1802.  by  H.  Humphrey  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  design  in  two  compartments.  On  the 
1.  is  a  tall  officer  standing  stiffly  in  profile  to  the  r.,  his  elbow  to  his  side 
and  holding  his  drawn  sabre  erect.  He  has  a  grotesquely  long  and  project- 
ing nose.  On  the  r.  a  short,  fat  officer  stands  full-face,  his  1.  hand  on  the 
hilt  of  his  sword. 

They  are  identified  by  Lord  Holland  as  Lord  Salisbury  (1.),  see  No.  8649, 

183 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

and  General  Grant.  James  Grant  (1720-1806),  M.P.  for  Sutherlandshire, 
Lt.-General  1782,  General  1796,  was  noted  for  his  love  of  good  living  and 
was  excessively  corpulent.  See  D.N.B.  Warley  camp  in  Essex  (used  in 
the  American  War,  cf.  No.  5489)  was  established  in  June  1795,  with  six 
militia  and  two  regular  regiments,  with  Cornwallis  as  Commander-in- 
Chief.   Lond.  Chron.y  4  June  1795. 

Presumably  a  reissue  of  a  plate  published  in  1795.' 
8x9!  in. 

8663  BUY  MY  PRETTY  GUINEA  PIGS! 
[R.  Newton.] 

London  Pu¥  by  R.  Newton  N"  20  Wallhrook  July  i  ijgs 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox,  with  the  body  of  a  pig  or  boar, 
stands  in  profile  to  the  r.  holding  a  board  on  his  head  on  which  stand  little 
pigs  on  their  hind  legs,  with  human  heads.  He  is  very  fat  and  swarthy 
with  a  tail  more  like  that  of  a  lion  than  of  a  pig.  Pitt  is  much  the  largest 
of  the  pigs  on  the  board,  he  wears  powdered  hair  with  a  bag,  but  has  no 
tail.  He  is  surrounded  by  other  little  pigs  who  appear  to  be  dancing,  much 
amused,  all  wearing  powdered  wigs.  Fox  sings : 
Here  is  a  long  tail  Pig  and  a  short  tail  Pig,  and  a  Pig  without  ever  A  Tail 
Here  are  Guinea  Pigs  and  sucking  Pigs  with  a  remarkable  pretty  Guinea 
Pig  that  has  never  a  Tail! 

A  satire  on  Pitt's  hair-powder  tax,  see  No.  8629,  &c.   For  the  guinea- 
pig  see  No.  8628.   Cf.  No.  8660. 
13^X9!  in,  (pi.). 

8664  BILLYS  HOBBY  HORSE  OR  JOHN  BULL  LOADED  WITH 
MISCHIEF. 

Pub  July  6  1795  by  J  Aitken  Castle  5'  Leicester  Squa^^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  much  caricatured,  rides  John  Bull 
who  walks  (1.  to  r.)  on  his  hands  and  feet.  He  flourishes  a  scourge  with 
four  lashes  inscribed  respectively:  War.  War.  War.;  Tax  Tax  Tax; 
Opression  Opression ;  Monopoly  (cf.  No.  9546).  A  heavy  bit  is  in  John  Bull's 
mouth,  and  Pitt  wears  top-boots  with  vicious  spurs.  He  says:  Ge  up 
Johnny  Fll  stick  Cloose  to  you  my  Boy.  From  his  coat-pocket  protrudes  a 
paper:  The  Art  arui  mistery  of  managing  Neddys.  His  saddle  and  saddle- 
cloth are  inscribed:  Princes  D[ebts1  (see  No.  8673,  &c.),  Princ^\  Tax  on 
HairPowde[r]  (see  No.  8629,  &c.),  National  Db^,  Imperial  Loan,  New  Loan, 
Subsidies  (see  Nos.  8658, 8821,  &c.).  John  Bull,  a  stout  citizen  with  unkempt 
hair,  says:  What,  What,  What,  Maister  Billy  is  it  come  to  this  you  load  me 
so  zoith  Taxes  I  must  rise  for  want  of  Bread.  The  opening  words  and  a  mile- 
stone (1.)  To  Stjames^,  show  that  John  Bull  is  also  George  III,  though  he 
has  little  resemblance  to  the  King. 

In  the  background  (r.)  a  crowd  of  plainly-dressed  and  respectable  men 
is  being  addressed  by  an  orator.  From  the  back  of  the  sea  of  heads  a  few 
sticks  or  weapons  are  raised.  A  sign-post  is  inscribed  S^  Georg^  Fields. 

On  29  June,  while  riots  due  to  dearth  were  going  on  throughout  the 
country,  the  Corresponding  Society  (see  No.  9189,  &c.)  held  a  large  meet- 
ing in  St.  George's  Fields,  demanding  annual  parliaments  and  manhood 

'  An  almost  obliterated  inscription  appears  to  be :  Publishd  May  i  I7g6  by  .  .  . 
King  Street. 

184 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

suifrage,  and  speedy  peace  with  'the  brave  French  Republic'.  Biscuits 
were  distributed  embossed  'Freedom  and  Plenty,  or  Slavery  and  Want'. 
The  chainnan  was  John  Gale  Jones.  See  Lond.  Chron.,  30  June  (where 
the  meeting  is  described  as  composed  of  'the  lowest  class  of  the  people'); 
History  of  Two  Acts  .  .  .,  1796;  Stanhope,  Life  of  Pitt,  1879,  ii.  111-12. 
Cf.  No.  8685.  Pitt's  house  in  Downing  Street  was  mobbed  in  June. 
Ashbourne,  Pitt,  1898,  p.  163.  One  of  many  satires  on  the  dearth  and 
discontent  of  1795,  see  Nos.  8669,  8671,  8672,  8676,  8680,  8681,  8701, 
8707,  8708.  For  food  prices  see  No.  8665.  Cf.  also  No.  8687,  &c.  For 
the  dearth  of  1799- 1800  cf.  No.  9545,  &c. 

A  print  was  'shewn  about'  on  10  July  'evidently  designed  by  some 
seditious  persons  to  influence  the  minds  of  the  people  by  the  late  rise  in 
the  price  of  bread.  It  exhibits  a  large  tree,  with  innumerable  branches, 
from  which,  by  way  of  fruit  are  suspended  loaves  of  bread!  different  joints 
of  meat!  heads  of  cabbage!  a  bottle,  with  "Gin"  inscribed  upon  it.  Under 
these  several  men  are  sitting,  with  their  mouths  wide  open  and  these  words 
printed  on  a  label — "if  you  don't  fall  I  must  rise".  The  Ministers  and 
other  personages  are  represented  at  some  distance  diverting  themselves 
with  the  misery  of  the  scene.'  Oracle,  11  July  1795. 
9Xi3|in. 

8665  THE  BRITISH  BUTCHER,  SUPPLYING  JOHN  BULL  WITH 

A  SUBSTITUTE  FOR  BREAD,  vide  Message  to  Lord  Mayor. 
f  Gy  das'"  etfed 

Pub^  July  6'*  1795.  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  37.  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (r.),  as  a  butcher,  stands  arrogantly 
behind  his  block,  holding  up  a  leg  of  mutton  to  a  hungry,  lean,  and  dis- 
mayed John  Bull,  who  stands  with  bent  knees  (1.),  his  r.  hand  groping  in 
his  breeches  pocket.  Pitt  says:  A  Crown, — take  it,  or  leave't.  His  cleaver 
lies  on  his  blood-stained  block,  on  the  front  of  which  are  two  placards  side 
by  side : 

Prices  of  Provision.  1795  Journeymans  Wages — 1795 

Mutton  10^^  {f).  Carpenters      12^^  p''  Week 

Lamb     11     D° 

Veal       III  Do 

Beef       12     DP 

Small  Beer — 2^p^  Quart 

Bread  12^ 

/)'  Quarter  Loaf 

God  save  the  King. 

Behind  Pitt  is  the  pent-house  roof  of  the  shop  or  stall  from  the  front 
of  which  hang  joints  of  meat  and  pieces  of  offal.  The  lower  story  of  a 
house  forms  a  background  (1.).  John  Bull  wears  the  dress  and  wrinkled 
gaiters  of  a  yokel.   Beneath  the  title: 

Billy  the  Butcher's  advice  to  John  Bull. 
Since  Bread  is  so  dear,  (and  you  say  you  must  Eat,) 
For  to  save  the  Expence,  you  must  live  upon  Meat; 
And  as  Twelve  Pence  the  Quartern  you  can't  pay  for  Bread 
Get  a  Crown's  worth  of  Meat, — it  will  serve  in  its  stead. 
The  high  price  of  food,  especially  of  wheat  owing  to  the  bad  harvest  of 
1794,  caused  great  distress  and  many  riots  in  1795.  Many  proposals  were 
made  for  substitutes  for  wheat,  &c.   See  the  Minutes  of  Evidence  to  the 

18s 


Shoemakers 

JQSh 

D° 

Bakers 

gSh 

D° 

Gardeners 

gsH 

I>> 

Smiths 

gsh 

D" 

Husbandmen 

/ySh 

ry> 

CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Committee  of  Council,  31  Jan.  to  6  Aug.  1795,  Ann.  Reg.,  1795,  pp.  93*- 
104*;  Burke's  Thoughts  and  Details  on  Scarcity,  a  memorandum  to  Pitt, 
Nov.  1795,  printed  in  i8oo  in  relation  to  the  dearth  of  that  year  (see  No. 
9545);  and  Nos.  8648,  8661,  8671,  8681,  8707,  8801.  Cf.  No.  8664,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  191.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  130.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
i2fX9i^gin. 

8665  A  A  copy,  Jos  Gillray  des*,  faces  p.  60  in  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 
7|X5|  in.  With  border,  9jx6|  in.  B.M.L.,  745.  a.  6. 

8666  PRAY  REMEMBER  US  POOR  CHILDREEN 
IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  July  12  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  iV"  50  Piccadily 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  blue-coat  boys,  wearing  long  blue 
gowns  with  yellow  stockings,  stand  in  the  foreground  holding  out  collecting- 
bowls  ;  they  look  through  a  doorway  into  the  House  of  Commons  whose 
benches  recede  in  perspective,  the  Speaker  (Addington)  being  in  his  chair. 
They  are  the  Prince  of  Wales  (r.),  the  Duke  of  York  (1.),  and  the  Duke  of 
Clarence  (c.)  whose  bowl  is  an  emblem  of  Mrs.  Jordan,  see  No.  7908,  &c. 
They  diminish  in  height  in  order  of  age,  and  are  in  back  view  with  heads 
turned  in  profile. 

Fox  is  making  a  speech  from  the  front  Opposition  bench;  Pitt  is  con- 
spicuous on  the  other  side.  Behind  the  Government  benches  stands  the 
Devil,  pointing  at  Pitt.  These  figures  are  slightly  sketched  and  on  a  small 
scale;  the  heads  of  spectators  in  the  galleries  are  indicated.  See  No.  8661. 
iii^X9|in. 

8667  WASHING  THE  BLACKAMOOR 
IC   [Cruikshank.] 

Pub  by  S  W  Fores  N  $0^  Piccadilly  London  jully  24  ijgS 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Lady  Jersey  sits  in 
an  arm-chair  leaning  back  with  a  pained  expression  while  two  ladies  wash 
her  face  which  has  the  complexion  of  a  mulatto.  A  miniature  of  the  Prince 
hangs  at  her  waist.  The  Prince  of  Wales  (1.)  crouches  at  her  feet  in  profile 
to  the  r.,  holding  out  a  basin  in  both  hands.  He  says:  Another  Scrub  & 
then!!  take  more  water.  She  says:  Does  it  look  any  whiter.  The  lady  on 
the  r.  holds  a  scrubbing-brush  and  puts  a  soap-ball  to  Lady  Jersey's  face, 
saying.  You  may  as  well  attempt  to  remove  the  Island  of  Jersey  to  the  Highest 
Mountain  in  Wales.  The  other  (1.),  who  wipes  the  face  with  a  towel,  says: 
This  stain  will  remain  for  ever.  On  the  extreme  1.,  standing  in  a  doorway, 
is  the  Princess  of  Wales  ^she  looks  at  Lady  Jersey  with  a  pleased  expression, 
saying.  It  vont  do  she  must  put  on  anoder  face.  She  wears  three  feathers  in 
her  hair  with  the  motto  Ich  dien.  On  the  extreme  r.  is  a  dressing-table ; 
beneath  it  sits  a  dog  with  an  amused  expression. 

Lady  Jersey,  the  Prince's  mistress,  see  No.  8485,  was  one  of  four  Ladies 
of  the  Bedchamber  to  the  Princess,  and  was  at  this  time  in  attendance  on 
her  at  Brighton.  Lond.  Chron.,  2,  16,  20  July  1795.  She  was  not  dismissed 
till  after  the  separation  between  the  Prince  and  Princess. 

Reproduced,  Paston,  PI.  clxxvii. 
8jxi2|  in. 

mie  number  '50'  appears  to  be  etched  over  '3*. 

186 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1795 

8668  FAVORITE  GUINEA  PIGS  GOING  TO  MARKET. 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  July  27.  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  George  III  dressed  as  a  farmer,  and  Pitt 
as  a  drover,  drive  a  herd  of  pigs  towards  a  building  inscribed  Licence  office 
and  Pigs  Meat  sold  Here.  The  King,  on  the  extreme  1.,  pushes  forward  a 
boar  which  snarls  angrily;  he  wears  a  short  smock  with  top-boots.  The 
Queen,  a  skinny  and  ugly  farmer's  wife,  stands  facing  him  on  the  extreme 
r.,  taking  snuff.  Pitt,  in  violent  action,  brandishing  a  club,  wears  a  badge 
on  his  arm  numbered  45,  he  strides  in  profile  to  the  r.,  saying  to  the  Queen: 
Why  Don't  you  drive  them  in?  you  stand  there  taking  your  Snuff  &  mind 
nothing  else.  She  answers:  Don't  you  hurry  any  Man's  Cattle  but  your  own: 
aye  Poor  things,  indeed  I  do  not  like  to  drive  any  Poor  Woman's  Pigs  so.  I  have 
had  fourteen  of  my  own  &  certainly  must  know  the  value  of  Pigs.  The  King 
says :  Don't  be  rash,  consider  the  rugged  road  they  have  Traveled  so  long:  I  am 
astonished  we  have  got  them  so  far!!!  I  think  they  rather  seem  to  grunt  a 
little — if  they  once  turn  the  Devil  can't  stop  them.  One  pig  has  the  head  of 
a  woman  with  a  feather  in  her  coiffure.  Another,  with  an  expression  of 
surly  resignation,  wears  a  rectangular  yoke  inscribed  No  Grumbling  (see 
No.  8646,  &c.). 

A  satire  on  the  hair-powder  tax,  see  No.  8629,  &c.,  as  well  as  on  the 
general  burden  of  taxation  and  on  the  relations  between  the  King  and  Pitt. 
For  the  guinea-pig  see  No.  8628. 
8|Xi2fin. 

8669  A  LOCUST 
WOK  [O'Keefe.] 

Pub.  by  J:  Aitken  Castle  Street  Leicester  Fields  Aug^  i.  1795 
Engraving.  A  grotesque  locust  with  the  head  of  Pitt,  its  four  legs  termina- 
ting in  bird's  claws,  walks  upon  the  large  oval  links  of  a  chain  fastened  in 
a  circle  by  a  padlock  (r.).  The  head,  much  caricatured,  has  a  large  predatory 
mouth  with  a  protruding  tongue,  from  which  issue  the  words :  /  feed  on 
a  Lands  Destruction.  His  hair  is  erect  and  frizzed  (in  reference  to  the  hair- 
powder  tax,  see  No.  8629,  &c.),  and  his  queue  is  in  a  bag.  Within  six  of  the 
ten  links  is  a  word :  Oppression,  War,  Destruction,  War,  Famine,  War.  Within 
the  circle :  Poor  Old  England  link'd  in  Trouble.  Pitt  is  advancing  towards 
the  coast  (1.),  where  there  is  a  notice-board:  Towards  France.  Beneath  the 
title :  A  Dreadful  Devouring  Insect,  an  Emblem  of  Destruction  &  Famine. 

One  of  many  prints  showing  Pitt's  growing  unpopularity,  owing  to  taxes, 
dearth,  and  military  failure,  see  No.  8664,  &c.  For  high  food-prices  see 
No.  8665,  &c.  News  of  the  disaster  of  Quiberon  reached  London  on 
29th  July,  after  a  succession  of  contradictory  rumours.  Lond.  Chron., 
July  16,  18,  20,  23,  24,  30,  &c.  See  Windham  Papers,  1913,  i.  280,  325-9, 
&c. ;  Navy  Records  Soc,  Spencer  Papers,  ed.  J.  S.  Corbett,  i.  63-70; 
Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  Br.  Army,  iv.  416-23 ;  and  Nos.  8676,  8678,  9046, 
9156,  9157,  9231.  For  Pitt  as  a  devouring  insect  see  also  Nos.  8672,  8676, 
8805,  8996. 
8|Xi2|in. 

8670  THE  INCENDIARY  [i  Aug.  1795] 
PI.  to  Carlton  House  Magazine,  iv.  225.  A  reissue  of  No.  7900  (1791),  a 
portrait  of  Tom  Paine,  pen  in  hand. 

.         B.M.L.,  PP.  5448. 

187 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8671  THE  NIGHT  MARE 
[?West.] 

Pub  Aug''  13  1795  hy  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner  of 
Sackville  S'  Folioes  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  John  Bull  lies  on  his  back  in  bed,  his  mouth  gaping;  Pitt,  a 
goblin  creature,  sits  on  his  chest  in  profile  to  the  r.,  holding  above  his 
upturned  head  a  loaf  inscribed  13  Pence.  Pitt  has  a  huge  head,  much 
caricatured,  with  starting  eyeballs ;  his  hair  stands  up  and  the  bag  of  his 
queue,  inscribed  Taxes,  flies  out  behind  him.  Through  a  casement  window 
(1.)  looks  a  fantastic  French  republican,  with  bulging  eyeballs  and  fang-like 
teeth,  glaring  at  John  Bull ;  from  his  neck  hangs  the  model  of  a  guillotine. 
Behind  his  head  is  a  waning  moon.  Beside  him  are  the  words:  Republic 
War  and  Famine  far  Ever.  Beneath  the  bed  is  a  chamber-pot  inscribed 
John  Bull;  beside  it  is  a  chair  on  which  stands  a  candle. 

One  of  many  satires  on  the  burdens  of  war  and  dearth  in  1795,  see 
No.  8664,  &c.  A  travesty  of  Fuseli's  Nightmare,  cf.  Nos.  6543,  8555,  9371. 
8|-xi3f  in. 

8672  THE  POLITICAL  LOCUST 
[I.  Cruikshank,] 

Pu¥  August  14  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  The  the  [sic] 
Corner  of  Sackvill  S'  Folios  of  Caricatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  with  the  body  of  a  gigantic  locust 
(see  No.  8669),  stands  on  a  citadel  with  low  battlemented  walls,  enclosing 
a  circular  space  inscribed  Poor  Old  England  (the  last  word  written  r.  to  1. 
and  in  reverse).  The  locust-body  stretches  across  the  whole  enclosure  at 
one  end  of  which  is  a  dilapidated  tree :  The  Remains  of  the  Old  Constitution 
(r.).  Only  a  few  tattered  leaves  are  left  on  its  bare  branches  and  these  Pitt 
is  eating.  He  bites  a  leaf  inscribed  Sinecures;  other  leaves  are  Pen[sion\, 
Place,  {Pensilon.  He  says :  /  must  take  care  of  my  self  &  my  own  Relations. 
Above  his  head  a  swarm  of  locusts  with  human  heads  flies  (1.  to  r.) ;  they 
are  French  Priests. 

The  boundary  wall  of  England  is  inscribed  (exterior):  War,  Excessive 
Taxes,  Foreign  Loans,  Subsidies  [see  Nos.  8658,  8821,  &c.].  Guarantees, 
Treachery  of  Allies,  Monopoly.  (Interior) :  Dearth  of  Pro',  Civel  Discord 
[see  No.  8664,  &c.].  The  Unprincipal  Opposition,  Extrovigant  Pr[ic]es, 
Professed  Atheism  amongs[t]  the  Great,  Immense  Debt. 

Pitt's  only  sinecure  was  the  Wardenship  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  see  No. 
8135,  &c.,  the  titles  accruing  to  the  office  were  exploited,  see  No.  8676. 
He  was  accused  of  being  unduly  anxious  to  give  his  brother  important 
offices.  Ashbourne,  Pitt,  1898,  p.  178.  His  house  in  Downing  Street  was 
mobbed  in  July.  Ibid.,  p.  163.  Chatham,  on  retiring  from  the  Admiralty 
on  20  Dec.  1794,  was  appointed  Lord  Privy  Seal  and  was  promoted  major- 
general  in  1795.  For  the  swarm  of  French  priests  cf.  No.  8127  (1792). 
'Treachery  of  Allies'  was  exemplified  in  the  treaties  of  peace  between 
France  and  Prussia,  5  Apr.,  and  Holland,  16  May,  and  Spain,  22  July  (a 
great  blow  to  Pitt,  see  letter  of  3  Aug.  1795,  Stanhope,  Life  of  Pitt,  1879, 
ii.  130).  One  of  many  satires  on  the  burden  of  taxes  and  the  dearth  of 
1795,  see  No.  8664,  &c.  This  dearth  was  ascribed  by  some  to  'monopoly', 
cf.  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  p.  284,  and  No.  9546.  Cf.  No.  8496. 
9|Xi4/gin. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

8673  INTERROGATORIES  OR  AN  EXAMINATION  BEFORE  THE 
COMMISSIONERS. 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  August  20  iyg5  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Picadilly  Folios 
of  Caracatures  Lent  out 

Engraving.  Four  men  seated  at  an  oblong  table  examine  women  who  claim 
to  be  creditors  of  the  Prince  of  Wales.   A  sour-looking  man  presides  (r.),  „ 

behind  him  is  a  mountainous  pile  of  documents  inscribed  with  sums  of  (J  ,  L 
money  ranging  from  100  000  to  100 ;  two  are  inscribed  Bond,  one  is  5000 
Per  Ann  M''^  Fitz  (cf.  No.  8485).  One  is  5000  Morning  Post  (an  echo  of 
the  Regency  crisis,  see  No.  7510,  when  the  Prince  bought  a  share  in  the 
paper).  The  other  three  commissioners  are  on  the  chairman's  r.,  facing 
the  spectator.  One  (1.),  younger  than  the  others,  is  engrossed  with  a 
courtesan  who  stands  beside  him,  showing  him  her  long  bill;  above  her 
head  is  etched:  oui.  oui.  Valine  received  on  Acont.  The  other  three  are 
intent  on  a  good-looking  woman  who  stands  in  front  of  the  table,  turning 
her  back  on  them,  but  looking  over  her  shoulder  to  throw  towards  them 
a  torn  paper:  Bond  \  10,000  G  P.  She  says,  /  dispise  him  &  his  obliga- 
tion too!!!  (Perhaps  an  echo  of  the  affair  with  Perdita  Robinson.  See 
No.  6318.) 

At  the  bottom  of  the  table  (1.)  is  a  group  of  women  holding  their  bills. 
Among  them  is  a  bearded  Jew,  saying.  Mind.  Value  received  is  the  Counter- 
sign. The  others  include  an  ugly  little  hunchback,  a  fan  in  one  hand,  an 
enormous  scroll  in  the  other  resting  on  the  ground,  on  which  are  many 
items  ranging  from  50  to  1000.  A  pregnant  woman  holds  a  bill :  Nin  month 
after  Date  5000.  A  miniature  of  the  Prince  hangs  at  her  waist.  The 
remaining  four  include  a  negress  (cf.  No.  8634)  and  a  hideous  and  over- 
dressed crone  supported  on  a  crutch  and  a  stick. 

The  provision  for  an  annuity  for  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  for  the  pay- 
ment of  his  debts  was  embodied  in  an  Act  (35  George  III,  c.  129),  under 
which  Commissioners  were  appointed  with  powers  to  examine  his  creditors 
on  oath.  They  were  five  great  officers  of  state  named  in  the  Act  (the 
Speaker,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  &c.),  who  are  clearly  not  depicted 
here.  They  held  a  regular  court  and  abated  all  claims  by  10  per  cent. 
Only  debts  for  which  value  received  could  be  shown  were  accepted.  No 
claims  were  to  be  received  after  i  Sept.  1795.  For  the  debts  and  the  settle- 
ment see  Huish,  Memoirs  of  George  IV,  1830,  i,  336-83 ;  E,  H.  Lloyd, 
George  IV,  1830,  pp.  170-82;  P.  Fitzgerald,  Life  of  George  IV,  1881, 
p.  295,  and  Nos.  8610,  8634,  8646,  8650,  8654,  8655,  8661,  8664,  8666, 
cf.  No.  8487. 

8674  LA  COALITION  DES  ROIS,  OU  DES  BRIGANDS  COURON- 
NfiS   CONTRE   LA   REPUBLIQUE    FRAN^AISE    [August   1794]' 

[de  Roc] 

Engraving,  A  French  print.  The  figures,  animals  with  quasi-human 
heads,  have  numbers  referring  to  verses  engraved  below  the  design,  a 
'Vaudeville'  headed  Pot-pourri  dramatique.  In  the  centre  foreground  a  fox 
sits  on  a  cushion  at  a  stone  block  which  serves  as  writing-table,  and  on 

'  This  print  was  dated  1795,  and  is  unfortunately  misplaced. 
189 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

which  is  a  bag  of  guineas ;  his  tail  extends  over  other  money-bags.  He  is 
iV"  I.  Pitt-Renard.  He  sings  two  verses: 

1st 

Or  icoutez  grands  et  petits,  .  .  . 
Si  la  f ranee  n'a  le  dessous, 
Vous  serez  decouronnes  tons. 


Ne  comptez  plus  sur  les  combats; 
Vos  Generaux  et  vos  soldats 
Ne  font  contre  la  carmagnole 
Rien  qWune  defense  frivole : 
Or  les  gens  qu'on  ne  pent  dompter 
Je  crois  qu'ilfaut  les  acheter. 

Above  his  head,  on  a  flat  rock  extending  from  the  1.  across  the  greater 
part  of  the  design,  is  a  bird-cage  in  which  is  an  almost  featherless  turkey- 
cock  with  the  head  of  George  HI,  his  long  neck  (1.)  pushed  through  the 
bars.  He  is  N°  2.  Georges-Dindon  (deriving  from  Georges  Dandin,  see 
No.  8464,  &c.),  singing: 

Achetter  tout  a  prix  d'argent 

Allies  et  marine, 
Charete,  Hebert,  mon  Parlement, 

Tout  cela  me  ruine 
Vous  m'avez  fait  perdre  V esprit 

Dans  ce  remu-menage, 
Prenez  done  garde,  Monsieur  Pitt 
De  renverser  ma  cage. 

Standing  on  the  rock  (I.)  is  a  tall  ostrich,  Francis  H,  denuded  of  tail- 
feathers  and  with  a  Habsburg  eagle  on  his  head :  N"  3.  Francois- Autruche, 
looking  down  at  the  much  smaller  turkey.   He  sings: 

Ah!  Georges,  pour  nous  remplumer, 

Faisons  des  emprunts  de  commande, 

Car  ces  franeais  me  font  trembler 

Pour  la  Belgique  et  la  Hollande: 

Craignons  que,  si  la  liberie 

Gagne  I'un  et  Vautre  hemisphere, 

Le  sceptre  ne  nous  soil  oti 

Vous  pour  la  mer,  moi  pour  la  terre. 

On  the  r.  of  the  turkey's  cage  sits  a  sow  suckling  two  small  pigs,  beside 
her  and  leaning  against  a  tree-trunk  which  forms  the  centre  of  the  design 
is  a  shield  bearing  the  Russian  eagle.   She  is  A^"  4.  Ulmperatrice  de  Russie 
allaitant  les  deux  freres  du  tyran  Capet.   [Below]  A^"  4.  Catherine-Lay e. 
Je  compte  peu  sur  vos  suecds 
Et  vous  ne  me  verrez  jamais 
Vous  aider  qu'en  promesse. 
A  tromper  hiboux  et  dindons,  .  .  . 
Epuisez  vous  dans  le  Brabant 
Et  vous  rrCassurerez  d'autant 
Du  grand  croissant 
Le  sceptre  attrayant 
Qui  m'occupe  sans  cesse.   [See  No.  7843 ,  &c.] 

190 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

N"  5.  Stathouder  (see  No.  8822)  is  a  small  frog  squatting  in  the  fore- 
ground (1.),  looking  towards  Pitt:  A^"  5.  Orange-Crapaud: 

Un  peu  trop  au  frais 

Dans  mes  grands  marais 
Je  crains  d'enf oncer,  je  tremble 

Guillaume  accourez 

Et  me  secourez  •_ 

Pitt  "vous  a  payi  je  tremble  .  .  . 

Car  les  Polonois 
De  vous  sont  si  pres 
Que  pour  nos  Etatsje  tremble.   [See  No.  8483.] 

On  a  tree  on  the  extreme  1.  sits  an  owl,  A^"  6  Roi  de  Prusse,  (below) 
Guillaume-Hibou.  To  its  branch  is  tied  a  bottle  and  wine-glass;  a  vine 
climbs  up  the  tree.  He  answers  the  Stadholder: 

Si  vous  me  connaissez  Hen, 
Frere,  ne  redoutez  rien. 
Ma  profonde  politique 
Dans  la  nuit,  surtout  s'applique 
A  calculer  les  hazards,  .  .  . 

Above  his  head  flies  a  small  bat:  N°  7.  La  Stathoudirienne-Chouette 
[his  sister,  see  No.  7181]. 

Qu£  vous  devez  Stre  content 
Mon  frere,  voila  de  V argent: 
Pitt  se  pavanne  en  le  comptant, 

Voyez  comme  il  roule, 

Devancez  lafoule 
Des  rois  mendians  que  Von  va  voir 

Accourir  pour  en  recevoir. 

Standing  below  the  tree  and  on  the  extreme  1.  is  a  large  pig,  excreting, 
N°  8  Brunstdck-Cochon. 

Avec  Guillaume  de  Berlin 

yaifais  une  campagne, 

Tout  expres  pour  gouter  le  vm 

Des  coteaux  de  Champagne.  .  .  .  [See  No.  8125,  &c.] 

Betweens  Nos.  2  and  3  sits  a  ram  with  long  horns  looking  to  the  1. 
Beside  him  is  a  sceptre  lying  on  two  grenades.  He  is  N°  9.  Roi  d'Espagne, 
[below]  Charles-Belier: 

Voila  done  ou  nous  mene 

La  coalition! 
Servir  Vambition 
^  De  Londres  et  de  Vienne.  .  .  . 

Je  crains  que  Vinquisitton, 
Malgre  tant  de  contrition 
Ne  me  laisse  .  .  .  mes  cornes  .  .  . 

(an  allusion  to  Godoy). 

At  the  foot  of  the  rock  on  which  Charles  IV  sits  are  N"  10.  Roi  de  Naples, 
an  emaciated  dog,  and  N°  11  Peine  de  Portugal,  a  naked  woman  with  the 

191 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

legs  of  a  monkey,  sitting  close  to  Pitt's  table.    The  former,  Ferdinand- 
Chien,  sings: 

Monfrere,  helas! 
Entre  le  Vesuve  et  la  guerre. 

Quel  embarras! 
Vous  m'avez  jette  dans  le  laz, 
A  ce  tripot  qu'avois-je  a /aire? 
Acton,  ma  femme  ont  fait  V affaire; 
Plaignez  mon  cas. 

iV"  II.  Marie-Guenon  [see  No.  8143]. 
Je  suis  reine  du  Bresil 
Je  vends  du  tabac  en  boutique. 
Pourquoi  done  Pitt  le  subtil 
M'a  t'il  embrouille  dans  ce  fil 
Que  met  tant  de  rois  en  peril 
Contre  une  seule  republique.  .  .  . 

Ferdinand  perhaps  addresses  N"  12.  Roi  de  Sardaigne  (r.),  who  is  repre- 
sented by  a  cross  on  which  hangs  a  sacred  handkerchief  bearing  the  head 
not  of  Christ  but  of  Victor  Amadeus  III,  inscribed  Faites  queje  sois  quelques 
ckoses  Victor-Marmotte-Suaire.  He  sings: 
Mes  destinees 
Sent  tristes,  helas! 

Mes  Etats 
Par  les  guinees 
Ne  se  sauvent  pas 
Car  les  armies 
De  nos  ennemis 
Trop  hardis 
Sent  arrivees 
Sur  le  mont  Cinis  .  .  . 
Je  vats  done  faire 
Transporter  enfin 

De  Turin 
le  Saint  Suaire 
A  Jerusalem. 

On  the  extreme  r.,  larger  in  scale  than  the  other  animals,  A^"  13  le  Pape, 
an  ass  wearing  the  triple  crown  and  an  ornate  cope,  his  hind-quarters  cut 
off  by  the  r.  margin.   Pie-ane  sings : 

La  liberie  francaise 

Sur  tous  les  Trones  pese:  {bis) 

Tons  les  peuples  a  False 

Chantent  V alleluia  ah  ah!  .  .  . 
Dialogue.  Pie. 

Depuis  qu'on  fait  la  guerre 

Je  vois  que  Vencens  de  la  terre 

Vers  nous  ne  fume  guerre 

Franchement,  rois  unis 

Dites  m'en  votre  avis. 

Charles  [apparently  Charles  IV  of  Spain,  previously  called  Charles-Belier]. 
Moij'en  suis  peu  surpris, 
Ces  forbans  d'angleterre 

192 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

Vrais  auteurs  de  notre  misere 

Sur  mer,  comme  sur  terre 

Chassis  et  poursuivis 

Par  nos  fiers  ennemisy 

Ont  reduit  en  taudis, 

Le  tiers  de  V hemisphere; 
Prenez  done  bien  vite  saint  pere, 
Prenez  la  clef  de  Pierre; 
Ouvrez  nous  paradis 

Pie 

C'est  bien  dit  sije  puis 
Mais  je  vous  avertis 
Quej'ai  la  main  peu  siire 
Pour  bien  enfiler  la  serrure; 
Mettez  vous  en  posture 
D'implorer  le  tres-haut 
{lis  regardent  tous  la  Montagne  et  disent) 
Ciel  !  que  vois-je  la  haut? 
Ce  sont,  ou  peu  s'en  faut 

Alpes,  ou  Pyrenees 
De  Sans-Culottes  couronnees 

Ah!  sur  nos  destinees 
Le  temps  brandit  sa  faulx 
Fin. 

On  the  top  of  a  rocky  mountain  immediately  above  the  Pope  is  a  winged 
female  figure  wearing  the  cap  of  Liberty  leading  three  sansculottes,  bare- 
footed Frenchmen  wearing  trousers,  one  with  a  club,  one  with  a  spear,  the 
third  with  a  sabre.  They  look  down  threateningly  at  the  princes  below.  They 
sing  (five)  Couplets  des  Sans-Culottes  (continued  in  the  upper  margin).  The 
first  is  Allons  enfans  de  la  Patrie.  .  .  .  The  fourth  is: 

Fleaux  de  la  race  humatne, 
RoiSy  vos  soldats  sont  vaincus, 
La  France  republicaine 
Les  met  enfuite  a  Fleurus; 
L'Empereur  perd  son  royaume, 
A  Mons,  Bruxelles  et  Louvain, 
Et  le  sceptre  de  Guillaume 
Va  se  perdre  dans  le  rhin. 

The  points  of  the  satire  are  made  in  the  text  (abridged  here)  without 
which  the  design  is  incomprehensible.  The  gold  of  Pitt,  as  usual,  is  all- 
important:  it  not  only  subsidizes  the  Coalition,  but  buys  Charette,  the 
Vendean  leader,  and  Hebert,  guillotined  24  March  1794.  The  divided 
aims  of  the  allies  and  the  selfish  policy  of  Prussia  and  Russia  are  exposed. 
The  foreign  policy  of  Naples  was  directed  by  Sir  John  Acton  and  in- 
fluenced by  the  ambitious  queen:  to  them  was  due  an  alliance  in  1793  with 
England  and  Austria.   Cf.  Nos.  8363,  8821. 

The  print  is  described  in  Les  Nouvelles  politiques  nationales  et  etrangeres, 
8  fructidor  [Anil], 25  Aug.  1794.  On  14  vendemiaire  An  III  (5  Oct.  1794), 
the  Committee  of  Public  Safety  ordered  a  payment  of  1,250  livres  to  the 
artist  for  1,000  impressions  furnished  by  him  to  the  Committee.    Blum, 

193  O 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

p.  198.  See  Aulard,  Paris  pendant  la  reaction  thermidorienne  et  sous  le 
Directoire,  1898,  i.  45  (print  described). 

de  Vinck,  No.  4359.    Blum,  No.  610.    A  copy  (reversed)  in  Jaime,  ii, 
PI.  102.  c. 
i3Xi9|in. 

8675  LE  NEUF  THERMIDOR  OU  LA  SURPRISE  ANGLOISE 
Invente  par  VAuteur  de  la  Gravure  des  Formes  Acerhes.^ 

Grave  a  VEau-forte  par  J.  B.  Louvion. 

Fructidor  Van  3^   [Aug.  1795.]  Propriete 

Engraving.  A  good-looking  young  Frenchman  shows  to  a  bloated  John 
Bull  an  ostrich's  egg,  in  which  stands  a  figure  of  Peace,  winged  and  naked, 
holding  an  olive  branch  and  laurel  wreath.  Towering  above  them  is  an 
enormous  ostrich,  at  its  feet  are  eggs,  while  broken  egg-shells  lie  in  the 
foreground.  From  some  of  the  latter  (1.)  monsters  have  issued  or  are  issu- 
ing: scaly  dragons,  a  serpent,  and  a  serpent-man  on  whom  Justice  is 
trampling.  She  stands  holding  up  a  pair  of  equally-balanced  scales,  while 
a  monster  emerging  from  an  egg  bites  the  point  of  her  sword.  Behind  her 
is  a  landscape  with  a  rising  sun ;  behind  John  Bull  a  heavy  stone  building. 
John  Bull,  his  head  raised  in  astonishment,  is  copied  from  Gillray's  French 
Liberty y  British  Slavery,  1792  (No.  8145),  he  has  been  interrupted  in  carving 
his  sirloin.   Beneath  the  title: 

AVX  HONNETES  GENS  DE  TOUS  LES  PAYS 

Cette  Gravure  represente  la  France  sous  la  forme  d'une  Autruche,  qui  a  eu 
le  malheur  dans  sa  premiere  ponte  de  ne  donner  que  des  monstres  tels  que 
Marrat,  Carrier,  Roherspierre,  J**  Le  Bon  &c.  &c.  &c.  que  le  retour  de 
la  Justice  du  neuf  Thermidor  a  en  quelque  sorte  fait  disparoitre;  tout  nous 
fait  esperer  qu'elle  continura  [sic]  a  nous  delivrer  de  cette  espece  de  fleau. 
V Autruche  plus  heureuse  dans  sa  seconde  ponte  rHoffre  que  des  amis  de  la 
paix,  du  bonheur  universel  et  de  la  tranquilite  des  nations.  Un  Anglois  dont 
V embonpoint  annonce  une  existence  Men  nourrie  occupi  a  manger,  est  frappe 
de  cet  heureux  changement  et  en  temoigne  sa  surprise. 

La  Justice  dit  Monstres  vous  etes  aneantis  pour  jamais! 

Le  Francois — Europe!  voila  nos  seuls  vceux. 

U Autruche  —  Que  je  repare  bien  aujourd'huimes  torts 

U  Anglois — Goddem!  Go  on. 
A  print  on  the  Thermidorian  reaction  and  on  the  movement  for  peace 
during  the  summer  of  1795;  the  war  party  were  unsuccessfully  opposed 
by  those  stigmatized  as  the  'faction  des  anciennes  limites',  whose  views  are 
here  expressed.  The  contest  raged  in  the  Convention  during  August. 
Sorel,  U Europe  et  la  rev.fr.,  1909,  iv,  365-82.   Cf.  No.  8845. 

Hennin,  No.  12094;  Blum,  No.  606;  Challamel,  ii.  49  (small  copy). 
9|Xi3iin. 

8676  THE  STATE  CATERPILLAR. 
Will  Hanlon  In*  et  Sculpt. 

Pub:  by  S.  W.  Fores  50  Piccadilly  i  Sep''  1795 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).    Pitt  as  a  devouring 

caterpillar  (cf.  No.  8996),  his  body  hooped  across  the  design,  devours 

tattered  leaves  (1.)  inscribed  England  Scotland  Ireland.  The  body  is  jointed 

•  In  B.M.     Hennin,  No.  12108;  Blum,  No.  586.    [13  May  1795.] 

194 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

and  hairy  and  has  a  barbed  tail.  On  each  of  the  larger  joints  one  of  Pitt's 
offices,  &c.,  is  inscribed:  First  Lord,  Chancellor,  Constable,  Warden,  Keeper, 
Admiral,  Commissioner,  Master,  Governor,  High  Steward,  Places,  Pensions, 
Sinecures,  Reversions,  Hereditaments,  Expectations  &c,  &c,  &c. 

Behind  is  the  sea:  on  one  spur  of  land  (1.)  are  buildings  inscribed  Holland, 
on  another  (r.)  is  France.  Above  Holland  is  suspended  a  chrysalis  inscribed 
Dormont  [sic]  from  which  emerges  the  head  of  Pitt,  turned  away  from  the 
place,  with  closed  eyes.  On  the  r.  is  a  butterfly  with  a  body  resembling 
that  of  the  caterpillar  and  having  a  barbed  .tail ;  the  head  is  Pitt's  looking 
malevolently  down  at  France. 

Pitt  is  represented  as  supine  in  relation  to  Holland,  aggressive  towards 
France,  probably  an  allusion  to  the  disastrous  Quiberon  expedition,  see 
No.  8669,  &c.  The  inscription  on  his  body  is  based  on  the  entry  in  the 
Royal  Kalendar,  where  as  M.P.  for  Cambridge  University  he  is  designated 
'only  brother  to  the  e.  of  Chatham,  first  lord  of  the  treasury,  chancellor 
of  the  exchequer,  constable  of  Dover-castle,  warden,  keeper,  and  admiral 
of  the  Cinque-ports,  a  commissioner  of  the  East-India  board,  master  of 
the  Trinity-house,  governor  of  the  Charter-house  and  Bridewell  and 
Bethlem  Hospitals,  and  high-steward  of  the  University  of  Cambridge*. 
See  No.  8672.  One  of  many  satires  expressing  the  discontent  due  to  dearth 
and  military  failure  in  1795,  see  No.  8664,  &c.  For  Pitt  as  a  devouring 
insect  see  No.  8669,  &c. 

Hennin,  No.  12,100. 
9fxi5|in. 

8677  THE  PATRIOTS.  [i  Sept.  1795] 
Drawn  by  Collings.   [Barlow  f.] 

Carlton  House  Magazine,  ii.  239.   A  reissue  of  part  of  No.  7658.   The  men 
who  head  the  procession  to  the  hustings  are  included,  with  the  banner 
Whigs  &  Liberty.   The  other  part  of  the  original  design  is  No.  8680. 
6f  X  4J  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

8678  PROSPECT  OF  A  TRUCE  [i  Oct.  1795] 
Carlton  House  Magazine,  ii.  305.  A  reissue  of  the  1.  part  of  No.  7561, 
showing  the  man  with  a  flag  of  Truce  on  the  battlements  of  the  stage- 
Bastille,  holding  out  a  cloth  inscribed  D n  you  what  do  you  want.   On 

the  1.  is  a  knock-kneed  soldier  holding  a  white  cloth.  The  toy  cannon  is 
visible  on  the  r.  The  text  describes  it  as  *  a  hierogliphical  Representation 
of  the  Times  .  .  .  Like  too  many  of  our  late  schemes  and  expeditions,  it 
is  incomprehensible  to  every  sensible  observer  .  .  .'. 

Perhaps  an  allusion  to  the  disastrous  expedition  to  Quiberon,  see  No. 
8669,  &c. 

The  other  part  of  the  original  design  is  No.  8473. 
6|  X  4f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

8679  THE  DWARF  &  THE  GIANT  OR  THE  STRONG  LAD  OF 
BRIGHTON  TAKING  OFF  THE  PRINCES  CHUM!!! 

IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  October  5  J  795  by  S  W  Fores  N  $0  Piccadilly  Folios  of 
Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  A  scene  on  the  Steine  at  Brighton.  A  small,  fashionably 
dressed  man  carries  (1.  to  r.)  a  large  and  muscular  man,  who  sits  astride 

195 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

his  back,  naked,  holding  his  hat  to  shield  his  person.  Two  ladies  (r.) 
walking  together  stare  at  him,  one  holding  up  a  fan  and  looking  through 
the  fingers  she  puts  across  her  eyes.  A  dog  (r.)  snarls  at  the  naked  man. 
On  the  1.  the  Prince  of  Wales  stands  full-face,  legs  astride,  arms  akimbo, 
ogling  a  lady  who  stands  (1.)  in  profile  to  the  r.,  staring  at  him  immodestly 
( ?  Lady  Jersey).  Another  lady  smiles  at  the  Prince.  In  the  background  are 
promenading  couples,  and  a  house  with  a  circular  bow  window.  Beneath 
the  title :  NB  The  singularity  of  the  Spectacle  &  the  Largeness  of  the  Object 

caused  much  mirth  among  the  Ladies — Lady   C [  ?  Cholmondeley] 

Exclaimed  with  a  Sigh  oh  it  is  too  much  for  any  Man!! 

Sir  John  Lade  made  a  bet  with  the  huge  Lord  Cholmondeley  (see  No. 
591 1)  that  he  would  carry  him  twice  round  the  Steine.  At  the  appointed 
place  he  ordered  Cholmondeley  to  strip,  and  on  the  latter's  refusal  won 
his  bet.  H.  D.  Roberts,  'Some  Brighton  Caricatures',  Print  Collectors 
Quarterly,  xxiii.  109. 
9x^X131  in. 

8680  THE  TIMES.  [i  Nov.  1795] 

Etched  by  Barlow 

Carlton  House  Magazine,  iv.  345.  A  reissue  of  part  of  No.  7658.  A  ragged 
procession  (originally  Foxite  electors  for  Westminster  in  1790)  walks  with 
banners  inscribed  No  Taxes  and  Property  and  Independence. 
Eight  lines  of  verse  explain  the  print,  beginning : 

The  times  are  wondr'ous  bad! 
and  ending: 

Of  scarcity  of  food  each  man  complains. 
His  hungry  brood,  on  milk  and  water  fed, 
Scarce  know  the  luxury  of  cheese  and  bread! 

For  the  dearth  of  1795  see  No.  8664,  &c.  The  other  part  of  the  original 
design  is  No.  8677. 
6f  X  4I  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

8681  THE  REPUBLICAN-ATTACK. 

[Gillray.] 

Pub^  Nov^  J*'  1795.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  King  sits  impassively  in  his  badly 
damaged  state  coach,  which  is  being  assailed  by  a  mob ;  facing  him  sit  two 
courtiers  in  abject  terror.  Pitt  (r.),  dressed  as  the  coachman,  drives 
furiously,  lashing  the  horses,  the  hind  legs  only  of  the  wheelers  being 
visible  on  the  extreme  r.  These  are  trampling  on  Britannia  who  lies 
prostrate,  her  shield  and  broken  spear  beneath  her.  Four  footmen  in  striped 
liveries  stand  behind,  one  holding  the  straps ;  the  others  hold  each  other's 
waists :  Loughborough,  the  Lord  Chancellor,  wearing  his  wig,  stands  next 
the  coach ;  behind  him  is  Grenville,  then  Dundas,  wearing  a  plaid  and  with 
a  bottle  projecting  from  his  coat-pocket.  Last  is  Pepper  Arden  wearing 
a  judge's  wig.  All,  like  Pitt,  wear  jockey-caps. 

Lord  Lansdowne  (r.),  a  sansculotte,  composedly  fires  a  blunderbuss 
point-blank  through  the  coach  window,  aiming  at  the  King.  Fox  and 
Sheridan,  facing  Lansdowne,  run  beside  the  coach,  holding  on  to  it.  Both 

196 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

are  tattered  ruffians  brandishing  clubs,  but  wear  breeches.  The  other 
three  assailants  cling  to  the  spokes  of  the  back  wheel  to  stop  the  coach : 
(1.  to  r.)  the  Duke  of  Grafton,  neatly  dressed  and  wearing  a  cocked  hat  with 
tricolour  cockade.  Lord  Stanhope,  and  little  Lord  Lauderdale,  both  wear- 
ing bonnets-rouges.  Behind,  a  sea  of  heads  indicates  the  mob ;  they  carry 
a  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Peace  and  Bread  and  a  loaf  draped  with  black  and 
spiked  on  a  pitchfork.  A  cat,  stones,  and  eggs  shower  on  the  coach,  the 
crown  on  the  top  of  which  is  broken. 

When  the  King  drove  to  open  parliament  on  29  Oct.  1795  his  coach 
was  attacked  by  a  mob  and  a  stone  or  bullet  pierced  and  starred  the  plate 
glass.  Lord  Westmorland  and  Lord  Onslow  were  in  the  coach.  The  cries 
were  'Down  with  Pitt',  'No  War',  'Give  us  bread',  'No  famine',  'No 
George',  &c.  The  Lords  were  informed  of  the  attack  by  Grenville.  Lans- 
downe  thereupon  accused  the  Ministers  of  provoking  the  disturbance  for 
their  own  ends;  Moira,  Bedford,  and  Lauderdale  also  spoke,  apparently 
to  the  same  effect.  The  History  of  two  Acts  .  .  .,  1796,  pp.  i  if.  See  Rose, 
Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  pp.  282-3  5  ^-  M-  Trevelyan,  Lord  Grey  of  the 
Reform  Bill,  1929,  pp.  90-2.  The  incident  is  fully  described  by  Place  in 
B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27808,  ff.  42-9;  35143,  At.  15-19,  37-50.  Lord  Holland 
states  that  Lord  El  don  assured  him  that  'he  had  in  his  possession  the  stone 
which  had  broken  the  window  .  .  .'.  Further  Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party, 
1905,  p.  252.  According  to  Twiss's  Life  of  Eldon  (i.  293),  stones  were 
thrown,  and  one  of  the  windows  was  perforated,  apparently  by  a  bullet 
from  an  air-gun.  Eldon  calls  it  ('Anecdote  Book')  'the  shot'.  This  aflfair 
followed  the  mass  meeting  of  26  Oct.,  see  No.  8685.  For  the  dearth  and 
discontent  of  1795,  see  No.  8664,  &c.  The  satire  is  double-edged :  Britannia 
is  trampled  on  by  the  royal  horses  owing  to  Pitt's  furious  driving;  other 
ministers  are  lackeys  behind  the  King's  coach.  See  Nos.  8691,  8692,  8708, 
8782,  and  cf.  No.  9035.  The  sequel  was  the  'Treason  and  Sedition  Bills', 
see  No.  8687,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  192-3;  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  132.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9fXi3f  in.  (pL). 

8682  THE  SLEEP-WALKER. 

[Gillray,  ?  after  Sneyd.] 

Pu¥  Nov''  j^  1795,  by  H.  Humphrey,  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  fast  asleep,  wearing  only  night- 
cap and  night-shirt,  walks  down  a  staircase  holding  up  a  lighted  candle 
in  his  r.  hand.  On  his  r.  only  are  banisters,  on  his  1.  the  steps  abut  on 
a  gulf  indicated  by  the  top  of  an  arch  supporting  the  stair ;  he  is  about  to 
descend  the  first  step,  perilously  near  the  1.  edge.  Behind  him,  in  a  wall  of 
heavy  masonry,  is  an  open  door  surmounted  by  a  crown.  A  tall  gothic 
window  pierces  the  wall  of  the  building. 

Cf.  No.  8681,  published  on  the  same  day,  where  Pitt  drives  furiously 
over  the  prostrate  Britannia.  This  print  appears  to  have  been  from  a  draw- 
ing by  Sneyd,  see  letter  to  Gillray  of  31  Dec.  1795,  Bagot,  Canning  and  his 
Friends,  1909,  i.  57.  Its  (Pittite)  authorship  indicates  the  extent  of  the 
scepticism  relating  to  the  conduct  of  the  war. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  191 ;  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  131.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
i2fx8Jin. 

197 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Collection  de  Vinck,  No.  4384: 

A  CONTEST  BETWEEN  OPPRESSION  &  REASON,  OR  THE  BEST 
WAY  OF  SETTLEING  DEBATES 

WOKInv.  [O'Keefe.] 

Nov^  7  lygs  Pub.  by  J.  Aitken  Castle  Street  Leicester  Square 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    A  pugilistic  encounter  between  Pitt 

and  Fox.    Fox's  bottle-holder  holds  a  bottle  of  brandy,  Pitt's  a  bottle  of 

Claret.  The  two  seconds  clench  their  fists.    One  of  several  prints  of 

Pitt  as  an  oppressor,  but  exceptional  in  that  Fox  represents  'Reason'. 

7|Xi2^in. 

8683  HANGING.  DROWNING. 

[GiUray.] 

Pu¥  Nov''  9'*  1795.  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  design  in  two  compartments ;  between 

the  two  titles  is  etched:  [Fatal  Effects  of  the  French  Defeat]. 

On  the  1.  Fox  hangs  himself  in  a  ramshackle  garret.  His  neck  is  in  a 
noose  which  hangs  from  a  beam,  his  r.  foot  rests  on  a  low  stool,  his  1.  hand 
holds  the  rope.  He  leans  back  with  an  expression  of  terror,  dropping  an 
Account  of  the  Republican  Overthrow.  On  the  wall  (1.)  is  a  H.L.  portrait 
of  Pichegru  holding  a  sabre.  The  poverty  of  the  room  is  indicated  by  peel- 
ing plaster  showing  patches  of  bricks,  by  the  raftered  roof,  and  a  small 
casement  window  (r.). 

On  the  r.  Pitt  and  Dundas  drown  themselves  in  wine.  Both  are  on  the 
floor;  they  have  overturned  a  round  table  behind  them  from  which  the 
sliding  bottles  pour  their  contents  over  Pitt,  who  holds  up  a  brimming 
glass  in  his  1.  hand.  He  leans  against  an  overturned  chair  holding  a  paper: 
News  of  the  Victory  over  the  Carmagnols;  he  looks  up  smiling.  Dundas  sits 
behind  and  on  the  r.,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  more  serious  and  more  intent.  He 
drinks  with  concentration,  spilling  his  wine  and  waving  his  wig  above  his 
head.  He  wears  a  plaid  over  his  coat.  On  the  wall  is  an  oval  bust  portrait 
of  George  III^,  the  head  cut  off  by  the  upper  edge  of  the  design. 

Unofficial  news  of  the  defeat  of  Pichegru  and  Jourdan  on  the  Rhine  by 
the  Austrians,  in  October,  reached  London  on  the  evening  of  6  November, 
Lond.  Chron.y  7  Nov.  The  treachery  of  Pichegru  was  then  unknown. 
Sorel,  V Europe  et  la  Riv.fr.,  1909,  iv.  442-3.  The  news  arrived  at  a  period 
of  great  distress  and  discontent,  cf.  No.  8664,  &c.  For  the  reactions  of 
Pitt  and  Fox  cf.  Nos.  8518,  9248,  &c.  For  Pitt  and  Dundas  as  topers,  see 
No.  8651,  &c.  and  cf.  No.  7282. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.    191,    Wright  and   Evans,  No.    138.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9^X13^  in. 

8684  THE  REPUBLICAN  RATTLE-SNAKE  FASCINATING  THE 

BEDFORD-SQUIRREL. 
[GiUray.] 

Pu¥  Nov"  16*^  1795'  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  S* 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).    A  large  rattlesnake  with  the  head  of 
Fox,  its  tail  coiled  round  an  oak  tree  with  rattle  erect,  rears  itself  towards 
a  plump  squirrel  with  the  head  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  which  is  springing 

198 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

from  the  tree  into  Fox's  open  mouth.  Fox  fixes  his  protruding  eyeballs 
upon  the  squirrel,  a  fang  issues  from  his  mouth.  There  is  a  landscape 
background.  Below  the  title:  The  Rattle  Snake  is  a  Creature  of  the  greatest 
subtilty ;  when  it  is  desirous  of  preying  upon  any  Animal  which  is  in  a  situation 
above  itself,  it  fixes  its  Eye  upon  the  unsuspecting  object,  &  by  the  noise  of 
its  Rattle,  fascinates  &  confounds  the  unfortunate  Victim,  till  loosing  all 
Sense  &  discernment,  it  falls  a  prey  into  the  Mouth  of  the  horrid  Monster. 
Pliny's  Nat.  Hisfy,  Vol  365 — 

The  young  Duke  of  Bedford  was  a  devoted  follower  of  Fox,  echoing  in 
the  Lords  the  motions  and  speeches  of  his  leader.  On  11  Nov.  he  pre- 
sided at  an  extraordinary  meeting  of  the  Whig  Club  where  the  resolutions 
(against  the  Treasonable  Practices  and  Seditious  Meetings  Bills,  see  No. 
8687,  &c.)  were  seconded  by  Fox.  Hist,  of  Two  Acts  . .  .,  1796,  pp.  120-3. 
Fox,  Memorials  and  Corr.  iii.  125.  Cf.  Nos.  8690,  8783.  For  Fox  as  a 
serpent,  cf.  No.  9214.  This  print  is  mentioned  in  the  D.N.B.  as  'following 
up'  the  attack  of  Burke  in  his  Letter  to  a  Noble  Lord  .  .  .,  1796  (see 
No.  8788). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  194;  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  136.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.y 
1830.    Reproduced,  Poetry  of  the  Anti-Jacobin,  ed.  C.  Edmonds,  1890, 
p.  285. 
i2fX9|in. 

8684  A  A  copy,  J.  Gillray  Imf,  vignette,  without  inscription  below  the 
title.  PI.  to  Poetry  of  the  Anti-Jacobin,  ed.  C.  Edmonds,  1859,  P-  240. 
4|X3iin. 

8685  COPENHAGEN  HOUSE. 

J' G-''  des""  et  fec^ 

Pii¥  Nov"  j6'*  J795.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  large  and  plebeian  crowd  is  being 
addressed  from  three  roughly  made  platforms,  one  being  in  the  middle 
distance,  another  in  the  background.  In  the  foreground  (r.)  a  man,  sup- 
posed to  be  Thelwall,  leans  from  his  rostrum  in  profile  to  the  1,,  shouting, 
with  clenched  fists,  and  raised  r.  arm.  Behind  him  stands  a  ragged  barber, 
a  comb  in  his  lank  hair,  holding  out  a  paper:  Resolutions  of  the  London 
Corresponding  Society.  Next  him,  a  man  with  the  high-crowned  hat  and 
bands  of  a  dissenting  minister  holds  a  tattered  umbrella  over  the  orator. 
A  man  on  the  steps  leading  to  the  platform,  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge  (the 
only  one  in  the  crowd)  has  a  vague  resemblance  to  Fox.  From  the  next 
platform  (1.)  a  butcher,  supposed  to  be  Gale  Jones,  bawls  at  the  crowd 
with  raised  r.  arm.  Beside  him  stand  a  man  holding  a  scroll  inscribed 
Rights  of  Citizens.  The  third  orator  is  a  tiny  figure  (Hodgson)  with  both 
arms  raised. 

All  the  platforms  are  surrounded  by  crowds,  and  hats  and  arms  are  being 
waved  by  those  addressed  by  the  butcher.  In  the  foreground  (1.)  a  man 
sits  holding  out  for  signature  a  document  which  is  supported  on  a  barrel 
of  Real  Democratic  Gin  by  Thelwal  &  Co.  Three  little  chimney-sweepers 
stand  round  it,  one  of  whom,  holding  a  pen,  has  just  made  his  mark  on 
the  Remonstrance,  below  the  signatures  of  Jack  Cade,  Wat  Tyler,  Jack 
Straw.  All  wear  caps  with  the  name  of  their  master  on  a  brass  plate 
(according  to  the  Chimney- Sweepers'  Act  of  1788);  this  is  Thelwall.  A  fat 
woman  sells  a  dram  to  one  of  the  crowd.  Another  presides  over  a  portable 

199 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

roulette  or  E.O.  table,  a  'teetotum',  inscribed  Equality  &  no  Sedition  Bill; 
three  barefooted  urchins  are  staking  their  pence.  The  heads  in  general  do 
not  appear  to  be  portraits,  but  in  the  centre  of  the  design,  with  his  back 
to  the  woman  selling  drams,  is  Priestley,  caricatured,  standing  with  folded 
arms  facing  Thelwall.  There  is  a  landscape  background  with  trees  up 
which  spectators  have  climbed.  Beneath  the  design:  "/  tell  you.  Citizens, 
we  mean  to  new-dress  the  Constitution  and  turn  it,  and  set  a  new  Nap  upon  it." 

Shakspeare 

Two  mass  meetings  (besides  an  earlier  one  in  June)  were  held  by  the 
London  Corresponding  Society  (see  No.  9189,  &c.)  in  a  field  behind 
Copenhagen  House,  a  popular  resort  in  Islington,  one  on  26  October  at 
which  there  were  three  'tribunes',  the  chairman  John  Binns.  It  was 
addressed  by  Citizens  Thelwall,  Hodgson,  and  Gale  Jones.  It  acclaimed  an 
'Address  to  the  Nation',  demanding  universal  suffrage  and  annual  parlia- 
ments, a  Remonstrance  to  the  King,  and  Resolutions  against  the  War,  &c. 
This  seems  to  be  the  meeting  here  depicted,  except  for  the  inscription  on 
the  roulette  table,  which  points  to  the  meeting  on  12  November  to  protest 
against  the  Bills  against  Seditious  Meetings  and  Treasonable  Attempts. 
At  this  meeting  there  were  six  rostra.  Citizen  Duane  in  the  chair.  Hist, 
of  Two  Acts  .  .  .,  1796,  pp.  98-106,  125-34.  S^^  No.  8701.  For  the  meet- 
ing in  June  see  No.  8664.  For  the  Bills  see  No.  8687,  &c.  Cf.  a  description 
of  a  similar  meeting  on  7  Dec.  by  Farington,  Diary,  i.  1 18-19.  The 
popularity  of  the  republican  Thelwall's  lectures  had  brought  the  lecture- 
room  within  the  Seditious  Meetings  Act.  For  the  Constitution  cf.  No. 
8287. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  193;  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  134.   Copy  (part  only) 
in  Grego,  Hist,  of  Pari.  Elections,  1892,  p.  298. 
9X13!  in. 

8686  A  MAGISTERIAL  VISIT. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  N"  ly  iyg5  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  Corner  of 

Sackville  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  citizens  seated  at  a  small  round 
table  to  drink  punch,  smoke,  and  discuss  the  news,  are  interrupted  by  a  fat 
Justice  (r.)  who  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  drinking  from  their  punch-bowl. 
He  says:  By  Virtue  of  my  Authority.  I  am  come  to  taste  whether  there  is  any 
Sedition  in  the  punch  Bowl!!!  From  his  pocket  protrude  two  papers: 
Convention  Bill  and  Riot  Act.  Under  his  feet  is  the  Bill  of  Rights.  The 
three  men,  grouped  close  together  (1.),  look  at  the  intruder  with  expressions 
of  angry  dismay.  On  the  table  are  glasses,  a  pipe,  and  newspaper :  Telegraph. 
Under  the  table  are  two  dogs,  their  collars  inscribed  John  Bull  and  Pitt. 
The  former  (1.)  is  closely  muzzled  (cf.  No.  8693,  &c.);  between  his  fore- 
paws  is  a  bone  at  which  Pitt  sniffs. 

A  satire  on  the  Bill  for  preventing  seditious  meetings  (popularly  Con- 
vention Bill).  Justices  of  the  Peace  were  empowered  to  disperse  meetings 
by  proclamation.  Lecture-halls  (owing  to  the  popularity  of  Thelwall's 
lectures)  had  to  be  licensed  by  two  magistrates,  and  a  magistrate  might 
enter  at  any  time.  The  Society  of  United  Publicans  held  a  meeting  of 
protest  against  the  Bill  as  tending  to  prevent  the  meetings  of  clubs  and 
friendly  societies  in  public  houses.  Hist,  of  Two  Acts  .  .  .,  1796,  p.  306. 
See  No.  8687,  &c. 

200 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

One  of  the  Family!!  (pub.  Fores,  20  Dec.  1795)  is  a  similar  subject. 
A  J.P.  intrudes  upon  husband  (in  dressing-gown)  and  wife :  /  be  Justice 
Mittimmus  a  wery  great  man  in  the  Sedition  line  of  business.  .  .  .    See  also 
No.  8688.  (A.  de  R.  v.  8.) 
iiifx8|in. 

8687  THE  MODERN  HERCULES  OR  A  FINISHING  BLOW  FOR 
POOR  JOHN  BULL 

[?West.] 

Pub  Nov  ly  1795  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner  of  Sackville 
Street.  Folios  of  Caricatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  very  tall  and  thin,  towers  above  a 
crouching  and  terrified  John  Bull  (r.)  on  whose  back  is  tied  a  mountainous 
burden  of  five  bundles,  inscribed  respectively:  Pensions,  Subsidies,  Tax, 
Taxation,  Debt.  Pitt,  glaring  angrily,  raises  a  huge  club  above  his  head 
inscribed  Convention  Bill,  about  to  smite  his  victim. 

The  Seditious  Meetings  Bill  (moved  10  Nov.  by  Pitt)  and  Treason- 
able Practices  Bill  (moved  6  Nov.  by  Grenville)  were  popularly  called 
Convention  Bills  (see  No.  8706).  They  were  so  styled  by  the  radical  clubs : 
it  was  anticipated  in  a  circular  letter  by  Hardy,  in  the  spring  of  1794,  that 
*a  Convention  Bill',  i.e.  a  Bill  to  prevent  a  general  Convention  of  the 
People,'  might  be  passed.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  488,  The  name  derives  from 
an  Irish  Act  to  prevent  the  summoning  of  delegates  to  a  National  Con- 
vention, much  attacked  in  the  Northern  Star  c.  Nov.-Dec.  1792.  The 
Seditious  Meetings  Act  imposed  restrictions  on  meetings  of  over  fifty 
persons  (preliminary  notice  to  the  magistrates,  and  the  presence  of  a 
magistrate  with  summary  powers).  The  other  Act  gave  statutory  authority 
to  constructive  treason  as  interpreted  by  Hale  and  Foster.  They  were  the 
result  of  mass  meetings  organized  by  the  London  Corresponding  Society, 
see  No.  9189,  &c.,  and  of  the  attack  on  the  King,  see  No.  8681.  See  Hist, 
of  Two  Acts  .  .  .,  1796;  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  244  ff.;  Coleridge,  The  Plot 
Discovered,  Bristol,  1795;  Veitch,  Genesis  of  Parliamentary  Reform,  1913, 
pp.  325  ff. ;  Rose,  Pittandthe  Great  War,  pp.  282  ff.  See  also  Nos.  8685, 8686, 
p.  201,  8688,  8689,  8690,  8691,  8693,  8694,  8697,  8698,  8700,  8701,  8703, 
8704,  8705,  8706,  8708,  8709,  8710,  871 1,  8780,  8782,  9046,  9233,  9286. 
I2f  X9I  in. 

8688  A  SPY!!!  OR  THE  BLESSINGS  OF  A  CONVENTION  BILL. 

/  C   [Cniikshank.] 

[London  Pub:  N  18  1795  by  S  W Fores  N'*  50  Piccadilly-Corner  of 
Sackville  Street^'] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  elderly  Justice  of  Peace  (1.),  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  approaches  the  side  of  a  rustic  latrine,  a  lean-to  without  a  door; 

'  A  pamphlet  by  Gerrald  was  published  by  Eaton  in  1794:  A  Convention  the  only 
means  of  saving  us  from  ruin  ....  The  name  was  a  subject  of  dispute  (April  1794) 
between  the  London  Corresponding  Society  and  the  Society  for  Constitutional 
Information,  the  former  (spokesman  Thelwall),  insisted  on  'Convention';  the  latter 
would  have  preferred  'Meeting'.  P.R.O.,  P.C.  1/21  (quoted  V.  C.  Miller,  jfoel 
Barlow,  Hamburg,  1932,  pp.  11-12).  See  W.  H.  Hall,  British  Radicalism,  1791^ 
^797>  1912,  pp.  182-96,  and  No.  8624. 

^  Imprint  cut  off,  given  from  A.  de  R.  v.  11. 

201 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

within,  concealed  from  the  man,  an  old  woman  in  profile  to  the  1.  is  super- 
intending a  little  girl  who  sits  on  the  seat;  in  her  hand  is  a  torn  paper: 
The  Last  Speech  or  Dying  words  of  Liberty.  On  the  side  of  the  shed  has 
been  chalked  a  childish  caricature  of  Pitt  with  (or  hanging  from)  a  gallows. 
The  magistrate,  who  wears  old-fashioned  dress,  says,  with  wrinkled  nose 
and  extended  hand :  /  am  sure  I  smell  Treason  and  by  Virtue  of  my  office 
I  have  a  right  to  peep  every  where,  Mercy  on  us! — what  a  Seditious  Grumbling. 
See  No.  8687,  &c. 
iif  X8|  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  188. 

8689  A  PANIC  ON  BOTH   SIDES  OR  GREAT  MEN   IN  THE 
HORRORS!! 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

{London  Pub:  N°  20  1795  by  SW  Fores  N°  So  Piccadilly  Corner  of 

Sackville  S*  NB  Folio  Caracatures  lent  for  the  Evening. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  and  Fox,  much  caricatured  and 
with  large  heads,  sit  back  to  back.  Pitt  (1.)  sits  in  profile  to  the  1.  on  a 
chamber-pot  ornamented  with  a  crown,  his  hand  held  out  deprecatingly. 
He  says:  /  wish  from  my  heart  these  cursed  field  meetings  were  put  a  stop  to. 
From  his  pocket  protrudes  the  Convention  Bill.  Fox  (r.)  sits  on  a  low  chair 
directed  to  the  r.,  his  arms  folded,  scowling  over  his  shoulder  towards  Pitt. 
He  says :  If  that  abominable  long  Bill  Passes  into  a  Law,  it  will  be  all  over 
with  the  opposition  Boys!  From  his  pocket  protrudes  a  paper :  Copenhagen 
Meeting.  On  the  back  of  his  chair  hangs  a  tiny  bonnet-rouge,  far  too  small 
for  his  huge  head. 

For  the  Bill  against  Seditious  Meetings  see  No.  8687,  &c.,  and  for  the 
field  meetings  at  Copenhagen  House,  No.  8685.    For  Fox's  views  on  the 
Bill  see  his  Memorials  and  Corr.,  1854,  iii.  123-7,  ^^'^  -^o-  8690. 
lox  15I  in. 

8690  THE  WESTMINSTER  MOUNTEBANK  OR  PALACE  YARD 
PRANKS. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London    Published  No  20  iyg5  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly. 

NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox,  as  a  quack  doctor,  addresses  a  mob 
from  the  front  of  a  platform  which  rests  upon  five  beer-barrels  inscribed 
Whitbreads  entire  (cf.  No.  8638).  Four  other  mountebanks  are  performing. 
Fox  wears  the  full  wig  and  old-fashioned  laced  coat  and  waistcoat  of  a 
doctor;  he  points  to  a  young  man  (Bedford)  behind  him  (1.)  who  stands 
on  his  head,  coins  pouring  from  his  pocket  into  a  box.  A  Pierrot  (Grey) 
stands  behind  the  platform  holding  a  trumpet  and  saying:  Turn  me  Grey 
Gemmen  if  I  dont  read  you  the  particulars  of  his  curing  30,000  Patients  in 
one  day;  when  Brother  cit.  has  done  tumbling.  On  a  slack-rope  stretching 
across  the  1.  part  of  the  platform  is  little  Lord  Lauderdale,  holding  a 
balancing  pole.  He  and  Bedford  are  dressed  as  acrobats.  On  the  r.  is  the 
doctor's  zany,  Sheridan,  wearing  a  fool's  cap  and  a  tunic  and  trousers 
dotted  with  representations  of  the  Devil.  He  scatters,  and  kicks  towards 
the  spectators  below  him,  a  shower  of  paper  scrolls  inscribed :  An  Infaliable 
cure  for  a  bad  constitution ;  Aether  for  Arguments ;  Caustics  for  Crimps  [cf. 
No.  8484] ;  Mercury  for  Ministers;  Preparations  against  Prosecution ;  Powder 
[cf.  No.  8629] /or  Placemen  [twice];  Pain  for  the  Poor  [cf.  No.  8146];  A 

202 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

Rope  for  Reeves  [cf.  No.  8699];  Gibets  for  Justices  [cf.  No.  8686];  Aqua 
Regis  for  Royalists.  The  crowd  (r.),  who  are  T.Q.L.,  eagerly  hold  out  their 
hands  to  catch  the  papers.  Next  the  platform  is  a  well-dressed  man  re- 
sembling Grafton.  The  man  on  the  extreme  r.  is  a  butcher  wearing  a 
bonnet-rouge. 

Fox  says :  Dis  is  de  first  Tumbler  in  de  Vorld  Gemmen,  dat  is  Citoyen  de 
Bedforado,  who  vas  stand  so  long  upon  his  head  dat  all  de  money  vas  Tumble  out 
of  his  pockets;  de  Next  is  Citoyen  Van  Lathertalo,  who's  trick  upon  de  slack 
rope  are  delightfull  it  is  expected  he  vil  von  Day  dance  on  de  Tight  Rope  ha  ha!! 

The  men  and  women  composing  the  crowd  on  the  1.  all  raise  a  hand  in 
affirmation;  all  are  shouting.  A  man  dressed  as  a  militiaman,  standing 
prominently  beside  the  platform,  raises  a  hand  from  which  two  fingers  are 
missing;  he  shouts  All.  All.   Perhaps  Edward  Hall,  'Liberty  Hall'. 

A  satire  on  the  meeting  in  Palace  Yard  on  16  November  to  petition  the 
House  of  Commons  against  the  Seditious  Meetings  and  Treasonable 
Practices  Bills.  The  platform  was  rapidly  erected  outside  the  King's  Arms 
Tavern,  having  been  removed  from  Westminster  Hall.  The  meeting  was 
addressed  by  Fox,  who  was  seconded  by  Bedford  (cf.  No.  8684).  The 
petition  was  then  read  by  Grey;  Sheridan  made  a  speech  which  was 
received  with  prodigious  applause.  The  petition  (see  No.  8697)  was  carried 
by  a  show  of  hands.  Hist,  of  Two  Acts  .  .  .,  1796,  pp.  232-42;  Fox, 
Memorials  and  Corr.  iii.  126.  Farington  {Diary,  i.  108  f.)  describes  the 
occasion ;  he  concluded  from  the  demeanour  of  the  people  'that  the  Bill 
may  be  passed  with  safety'.  See  also  Ann.  Reg.,  1795,  p.  54*.  For  Fox 
as  a  quack  doctor  with  his  zany  see  No.  6398 ;  for  Sheridan  as  a  zany  cf. 
No.  6384,  &c.  For  Aqua  Regis  (or  Regia)  cf.  No.  8805.  See  No.  8687,  &c. 
ii-|Xi7f  in. 

8691  THE  ROYAL  BULL-FIGHT 

J'  Qy  des""  etfed 

Pu¥  Nov"  21'*  1795,  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.),  as  a  toreador,  rides  a  rearing 
white  horse  (of  Hanover)  with  a  spear  directed  horizontally  against  a  bull 
(John  Bull)  snorting  fire  and  bleeding  from  many  wounds.  He  wears  a 
short  tunic  and  sash ;  his  saddle-cloth  is  a  leopard-skin  on  which  is  a  crest : 
the  white  horse  of  Hanover  enclosed  in  a  Garter  ribbon  inscribed  Honi  soit 
qui  mal y  pense,  and  surmounted  by  a  crown.  He  looks  alarmed  and  spurs 
his  horse  viciously.  Two  tiers  of  spectators  in  an  arc  of  the  arena  are  freely 
sketched.  In  the  upper  row  George  IH  looking  through  a  glass  is  in  the 
centre,  on  his  1.  is  the  Queen,  on  his  r.  Loughborough.  The  man  next  the 
Queen  is  (?)  Grenville.  In  the  lower  tier  Fox  is  conspicuous  with  (?) 
the  Prince  of  Wales  on  his  1. ;  Sheridan  stands  behind  them.  The  other 
spectators  are  members  of  the  Opposition  or  ragamuffins.  Those  who  can 
be  identified  are  (r.  to  1.):  Stanhope,  Derby,  Grafton,  Lansdowne.  A 
chimney-sweep  applauds  with  brush  and  shovel.  Beneath  the  title: 
Description,  From  the  Royal  Bull  Fight  of  lygS 

Then  entered  a  Bull  of  the  true  British  Breed,  who  appeared  to  be  extremely 
peaceable  'till  opposed  by  a  Desperado,  mounted  upon  a  White  Horse,  who  by 
numberless  Wounds  provoked  the  Animal  to  the  utmost  pitch  of  Fury,  when 
collecting  all  its  strength  into  one  dreadful  effort,  &  darting  upon  its  opponent, 
destroyed  both  Horse  &  Rider  in  a  Moment. 

A  double-edged  satire  (cf.  Nos.  8704,  8836):  Pitt,  by  misgovernment 

203 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

and  oppression,  has  provoked  John  Bull  to  treason  (see  No.  8681)  which 
is  applauded  by  the  Opposition.  For  Pitt's  unpopularity  cf.  No,  8669,  &c. 
He  said  (Nov.  1795)  to  Wilberforce:  'My  head  would  be  off  in  six  months, 
were  I  to  resign.'  Wilberforce,  Life,  ii.  114.  For  the  Treason  and  Sedition 
Bills  see  No.  8678,  &c.  For  Pitt  and  the  White  Horse  of  Hanover  see 
Nos.  6476,  8488,  8644,  8655,  8704,  8708,  8842,  9430. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  194.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  141.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.y 
1830. 
8fxi3f  in. 

8692  A  NEW  MODE  OF  GOING  TO  THE  HOUSE 
N(nf  21  ijgs  Pub:  by  J.  Potsley  Pimlico  No  50 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  balloon,  its  upper  part  cut  off  by  the 
upper  margin  of  the  design,  floats  above  the  roofs  of  houses  grouped  below. 
The  car  attached  to  it  has  some  resemblance  to  a  coach ;  in  it  Pitt  (1.)  and 
George  HI  (r.)  sit  facing  each  other.  Between  them  sits  the  Devil,  manipu- 
lating two  oars  or  propellers ;  all  three  smile.  Pitt  holds  a  rope  (or  pipe) 
which  descends  into  an  open  Trap  Door  in  the  roof  of  the  largest  of  the 
buildings  below:  the  P — / — m — n — t  House.  The  car  is  decorated  with  the 
Royal  Arms  and  with  stars  and  is  draped  with  fringed  curtains.  The  King 
says :  Surely  never  was  an  Invention  more  Deserving  our  Patronage  then  this 
for  now  we  can  go  too  &  fro  with  Safety.  Pitt  answers :  Not  only  Intitled 
to  your  M—j — 5 — ty's  Patronage  but  Also  a  Handsome  Yearly  Allowance, 
for  we  never  shall  be  Afraid  or  Terrified  again  while  we  can  go  in  this  Manner. 
A  satire  deriving  from  the  attack  on  the  King  while  driving  to  open 
Parliament,  see  No.  8681.  For  other  balloon  satires  see  volumes  v  and  vi 
and  index.  A  crude  and  presumably  cheap  print. 
ii|x8f  in. 

8693  A  LOCK'D  JAW  FOR  JOHN  BULL 
[?  West.] 

Pu¥  Nov''  23  iyg5  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner  of 
Sackville  Street — Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.)  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  hold- 
ing with  both  hands  the  staple  of  a  huge  padlock  with  which  he  has  trans- 
fixed the  lips  of  John  Bull,  so  as  to  close  his  mouth.  He  bends  forward, 
very  thin,  the  large  key  of  the  padlock  dangling  from  a  ribbon  slung  across 
his  shoulder ;  he  says :  Dont  be  alarmed  Johnny,  it  will  not  hurt  you — you 
will  scarcely  perceive  it,  When  you  are  a  little  used  to  it — it  will  only  keep 
your  tongue  from  running  quite  so  fast,  in  future!  John  Bull,  a  stout  citizen 
wearing  a  small  hat,  glares  at  Pitt  with  an  expression  of  angry  alarm. 

One  of  many  satires  on  the  Seditious  Meetings  Bill  and  the  Treasonable 
Practices  Bill,  see  No.  8687,  &c.  For  the  padlocked  mouth  cf.  Nos.  8686, 
8709,  8710,  871 1,  8780,  9046,  9286. 
ii|X9iin. 

8694  A  NEW  WAY  OF  POSTING  A  LIBEL 
[?  West.] 

Pub  Not/  23  iyg5  by  S  W  Fores  iV»  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner  of 

Sackville  Street — Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).   An  obese  bill-sticker  stands  in  profile 
to  the  r.  posting  up  with  a  long-handled  implement  a  bill:  Five  Hundred 

204 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1795 

Pounds  Reward  Wheras Under  his  arm  is  a  rolled  bill.    He 

wears  a  cocked  hat  and  bag-wig,  with  a  large  apron.  On  the  receptacle  for 
paste  slung  from  his  shoulder  is  a  coat  of  arms  with  the  motto  Templa  quant 
dilecta  and  a  marquis's  coronet.  He  says :  There  it  is  in  capitals, — the  Libel 
at  full  length,  and  jive  hundred  pounds  reward — he  that  runs  may  read,  I  think 
I  shall  be  a  match  for  the  Ghost!!  Other  adjacent  bills  are  inscribed:  In  the 
Dead  of  Night  a  new  Song;  O  Dear  what  can  the  matter  be,  and  Theatre 

Royal  Good  Natur'd  Man  Part  of  Croaker  by Farse  of  the  Alarmist. 

Although  the  arms  are  incorrect,  they  are  intended  for  those  of  the 
Marquis  of  Buckingham,  who  is  the  bill-poster.  He  writes,  13  Nov.  1795, 
of  an  'impudent  forgery'  published  in  the  True  Briton,  signed  Nugent 
Buckingham,  offering  ;^500  reward  'for  a  paltry  libel  upon  the  whole  race 
of  Grenvilles,  which  I  would  not  have  given  5  farthings  to  have  kept  out 
of  every  newspaper'.  Hist.  MSS.  Comm.,  Dropmore  MSS.,  iii.  146.  The 
play-bill  allusions  seem  directed  against  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Bills, 
see  No.  8687,  &c.  The  (correct)  motto  is  that  of  the  Grenvilles. 
iifx8|in. 


8695  SPECTACLES  FOR  REPUBLICANS 

R'^  Newton  fecit 

London  Pub  No-if  24  lygs  by  W*^  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  S^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  design  in  two  ovals  representing  the 
glasses  of  spectacles;  the  rim  of  one  (I.)  is  coloured  yellow,  of  the  other 
black.  On  the  1.  a  peasant  sits  in  a  chair,  a  child  on  his  knee,  another 
beside  him;  he  holds  out  a  tankard  to  his  buxom  wife  who  sits  (1.)  at  a 
large  spinning-wheel.  Beside  her  is  a  table  on  which  are  a  pitcher  and 
plate.  Behind  is  the  comer  of  a  cottage.  A  pig  (1.)  puts  his  head  into  the 
design.  A  spade  and  pitchfork  lean  against  the  man's  chair.  Above  their 
heads  is  a  crown  with  the  words  God  save  the  king.  Beneath  the  oval :  The 
land  we  live  in  and  may  those  that  dont  like  it  leave  it. 

On  the  r.  a  headless  man  (Louis  XVI)  stands  with  his  hat  under  his  arm, 
pointing  towards  a  head  which  lies  on  the  ground.  Behind  him  (1.)  stands 
the  Devil,  grinning,  his  hands  on  his  hips.  The  oval  is  surrounded  by  a 
string  of  (twenty-five)  decollated  heads.  Beneath:  A  Philosophical  cure 
for  all  evils  Licentious  Liberty  is  Destruction.  Verses  are  inscribed  beneath 
each  oval,  beginning: 

See  how,  beneath  the  Crown's  protection  smiles 
The  peaceful  Subject  of  these  happy  Isles! 
While  equal  Laws  secure  the  Peasant's  shade. 
Who  dares  his  well  earned  Property  invade? 
And: 

The  Crown  removed — behold  the  sad  reverse, 
When  raging  Factions  seize  the  public  purse; 
Urg'd  by  the  Fiend,  and  drunk  with  lawless  Power 
They  reign  the  cruel  Tyrants  of  an  Hour. 

An  exception  to  the  prevailing  attacks  on  dearth  (see  No.  8664,  &c.)  and 
oppression  (see  No.  8687,  &c.).  Cf.  No.  8284,  &c. 
Ovals,  7ix  6  8g  in. ;  7|x  6^  in.  PI.  lof  x  14I  in. 

205 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8696  A  BARBERS  EXAMINATION. 

[?West.] 

London  Pu¥  Nov''  25  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner 
of  Sackville  S* — NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  justice  (r.),  wearing  a  cocked 
hat,  sits  in  an  arm-chair,  his  hands  on  his  knees,  glaring  up  at  a  lean  and 
dishevelled  tradesman,  wearing  an  apron,  who  stands  (1.)  in  profile  to  the 
r.,  his  hat  under  his  arm,  his  fingers  interlaced.  The  justice  says:  How  dare 
you  fellow — not  having  the  fear  of  me  before  your  eyes)  write  over  your  shop 
in  Capital  Utters  CITIZEN  SHAVER  to  the  SWINISH  MULTITUDE. 
The  barber  answers :  Please  your  Worship,  I  had  advice  of  Counsel — he  said 
I  was  a  great  fool  for  so  doing  but  your  Worship  would  be  a  greater  if  you  took 
any  notice  of  it. 

For  the  political  capital  made  out  of  Burke's  unfortunate  phrase  see 
No.  8500,  &c.   An  actual  occurrence,  see  Place  Press  Cuttings,  xxxvii.  29. 
(B.M.L.,  Colindale.) 
iif  X9i  in. 

8697  PETITION  MONGERS  IN  FULL  CRY  TO  ST  STEPHENS!! 
BEWARE  OF  WOLVES  IN  SHEEPS  CLOATHING 

[?I.  Cruikshank.] 

London   Published  Nov^  26  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  No  50  Piccadilly. 
Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Sheridan  and  Fox  walk  (1.  to  r.)  one 
behind  the  other,  bending  under  the  weight  of  huge  bundles  of  petitions 
which  they  carry  on  their  heads.  Both  wear  bonnets-rouges ;  Fox  is  dressed 
in  a  tattered  shirt  and  breeches.  Smaller  petitions  project  from  their  pockets. 
Sheridan's  petitions  are :  House  of  Correction,  Petition  in  Favor  of  Sedition, 
for  Sedition,  Girls  Petition,  Boys  Petition,  Washerwomens  P",  Pickpocket  from 
Newgate,  Drunkards,  Marshalsea,  Burow  Clink  [the  Clink  prison  in  the 
Borough  of  Southwark],  Bridwell.  He  says:  These  will  serve  for  a  few  hours 
Jaw,  &  if  we  can  but  procrastinate  the  Bill  a  few  days  we  may  be  able  to 
Effect  something  in  that  Time. 

Fox's  petitions:  S^  Lukes  from  Thelwal  with  an  Essay  on  Deism  [cf. 
No.  9286],  Gamblers  Peti\ti\on  Dustmens,  an  adressfrom  that  oppresed  body 
of  Men  on  Board  the  Hulks  [convicts].  Bankrupts  P  [above  Banker's,  scored 
through],  Nightmen,  Scavengers,  Card  &  Dice  Makers,  an  adress.  Fish 
Women. 

A  satire  on  the  petitions  against  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Bills,  see 
No.  8687,  &c.,  and  on  the  attempts  of  the  Opposition  to  delay  their  passing 
in  order  to  give  time  for  meetings  of  protest.  There  were  actually  ninety- 
four  petitions,  with  a  total  of  131,284  signatures.  These  were  chiefly  from 
towns;  those  from  London  included  petitions  from  Journeymen  Taylors, 
Bakers,  Weavers  of  Spitalfield,  &c.  (presented  by  Sheridan,  i  Dec), 
Publicans,  and  a  few  other  bodies  of  tradesmen.  Hist,  of  Two  Acts  .  .  ., 
1796,  pp.  826-7;  Stanhope,  Life  of  Pitt,  1879,  "•  138-41-  There  were  also 
sixty-five  counter-petitions  in  favour  of  the  Bills,  including  one  from 
Yorkshire  to  which  much  importance  was  attached,  see  Life  of  Wilberforce, 
ii.  1 17-33 ;  Fox,  Memorials  and  Corr.  iii.  127.  For  the  Westminster  Petition 
see  No.  8690. 
9|Xii|in. 

206 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

8698  RETRIBUTION;— TARRING  &  FEATHERING ;— OR— THE 
PATRIOTS  REVENGE. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Nov''  26^^  1795'  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  thickly  coated  with  feathers,  stands 
terrified  between  Sheridan  and  Fox.  Only  his  face,  hands,  and  (bare)  feet 
are  uncovered.  He  turns  his  head  in  profile  to  the  r.  towards  Fox,  clasping 
his  hands.  Fox,  much  caricatured,  and  grinning  broadly,  pushes  a  dripping 
mop  in  his  face.  Its  stick  is  inscribed  Remonstrance  of  the  People.  He  has 
dipped  it  in  a  steaming  cauldron  (of  tar)  inscribed  Rights  of  the  People, 
under  which  are  blazing  papers:  Seditioti  Bill,  Ministerial  Influence,  and 
Informations.  Round  Pitt's  neck  is  a  noose,  the  rope  from  which  hangs 
over  a  lamp-bracket.  On  the  lamp  is  a  crown ;  on  the  post  a  placard :  Fate 
of  the  Sedition  Bill.  Sheridan  (1.),  with  a  sinister  glare,  raises  in  both  hands 
a  huge  cap  of  Libertas,  from  which  feathers  shower  down  on  Pitt's  head. 
Beneath  the  title:  "Nay  &  you'll  stop  our  Mouths,  beware  your  Own." 

One  of  many  satires  on  the  two  Bills  which  were  the  result  of  mass 
meetings  and  the  attack  on  the  King,  see  No.  8687,  &c.  A  campaign  against 
them  was  led  by  Fox  and  the  Opposition,  see  Hist,  of  Two  Acts . . .,  1796; 
Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  244  ff.   For  Pitt's  unpopularity  cf.  No.  8669,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  194.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  137.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
i2|X9|m. 

8699  THE  CROWN  &  ANCHOR  LIBEL,  BURNT  BY  THE  PUBLIC 
HANGMAN;— 

J"  &  des""  etfed 

Pu¥  Nov  2h^  1795-  by  H.  Humphrey  N  37  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  as  hangman  stands  beside  a  fire  of 
faggots  immediately  outside  the  door  of  the  Crown  &  Anchor  (name  on 
door-post).  In  his  right  hand  is  an  axe;  he  drops  an  open  book  into  the 
flames,  and  looks  over  his  shoulder  at  Reeves  who  is  disappearing  into  the 
tavern.  On  one  page  (r.)  is  the  trunk  of  a  tree  sumiounted  by  a  crown  and 
the  words  The  Royal  Stump,  on  the  other:  No  Lords  No  Commons  No 
Parliame[nt]  Damn  the  Revolution.  He  wears  a  long  coat  with  a  hang- 
man's noose  tied  round  his  waist,  a  round  hat,  and  wrinkled  gaiters.  From 
his  pocket  protrudes  a  book :  Ministerial  Sincerity  and  Attachment  a  Novel. 
He  says: 

Know,  villains,  when  such  paltry  slaves  presume 

To  mix  in  Treason,  if  the  plot  succeeds, 

You're  thrown  neglected  by: — but  if  it  fails. 

You're  sure  to  die  like  dogs! 

Reeves,  with  hands  outstretched  in  protest,  says :  O  Jenky!  Jenky!  have 
I  gone  through  thick  &  thin  for  this  ?  From  his  coat-pockets  hang  papers : 
£400  p''  Ann,  To  the  Chairm[an]  of  the  Crown  &  Anchor,  and.  List  of  Spies 
Informers  Reporters  Crown  &  Anchor  Agents. 

On  the  r.  Fox,  Sheridan,  and  Erskine  blow  at  the  fire ;  the  two  former 
on  hands  and  knees,  Erskine,  in  wig  and  gown,  between  them,  an  arm 
across  the  shoulders  of  each.  Smoke  and  the  lower  parts  of  the  adjacent 
houses  form  a  background. 

207 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

The  title  continues :  See  the  Proceedings  of  the  House  of  Comm*^  Nov''  26"' 
1795 — To  the  Charman  &  Members  of  the  truly  Loyal  Association  at  the 
Crown  &  Anchor  this  small  token  of  Gratitude  for  Favors  received,  is  respect- 
fully dedicated  by  the  Author. 

Reeves  founded,  and  became  chairman  of,  the  Association  for  preserving 
Liberty  and  Property  against  Levellers  and  Republicans,  known  as  the 
Crown  and  Anchor  Society,  see  No.  8316,  &c.  In  1795  he  published 
anonymously  'Thoughts  on  the  English  Government  .  .  .',  denounced  on 
23  Nov.  by  Sturt  as  a  libel  on  the  constitution ;  Sheridan,  Fox,  and  Erskine 
spoke.  On  26  Nov.  the  debate  was  continued,  being  opened  by  Sheridan, 
who  read  the  offensive  passage :  that  the  government  was  a  monarchy,  the 
ancient  stock  from  which  the  branches,  the  Lords  and  Commons,  had 
sprung,  and  might  be  lopped  off,  and  the  tree  remain  a  tree.  Erskine  and 
Fox  spoke.  The  pamphlet  was  defended  by  Windham,  whose  arguments 
were  opposed  by  Pitt,  and  it  was  agreed  to  appoint  a  Committee  to  inquire 
who  was  the  author.  Its  report  (i  Dec.)  showed  that  Reeves  was  the 
author,  and  that  he  had  ordered  six  copies  to  be  sent  to  the  office  of  Lord 
Hawkesbury  (the  Board  of  Trade,  of  which  Reeves  was  Law  Clerk). 
Hawkesbury  ('Jenky')  denied  (2  Dec.)  that  copies  had  been  sent  to  him. 
Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  608  ff.;  Farington,  Diary,  i.  iii.  See  also  Coleridge, 
Essays  on  his  own  Times,  1850,  i.  79-80;  State  Trials,  xxvi.  530  ff. ;  Monthly 
Review,  1795,  p.  443,  1800,  p.  81.   Wolcot  wrote  verses  on  the  incident, 

in  which  Reeves  ('R ')  was  'the  Grand  Informer'.   See  Liberty s  Last 

Squeak,  1795,  pp.  23-6.  Cf.  Nos.  8365,  8690,  9286.  For  the  dedica- 
tion cf.  Nos.  8316,  8318. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  194-5.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  139.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
8^X13!  in. 

8700  DEPUTY  PENDULUM'S  MOTION  FOR  AN  ADDRESS. 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

Lond.   Pub  Nov  29  J795  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly.   Folios  of 
Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving.  An  ugly  man  in  old-fashioned  dress  stands  full-face,  toes 
turned  in,  squinting,  and  looking  downwards.  An  Address  is  in  his  r.  hand, 
his  1.  hand  is  in  his  Ijreeches  pocket ;  a  document  inscribed  obervation  [sic] 
protrudes  from  his  coat-pocket.  His  scanty  audience  is  behind  him,  on 
each  side  of  a  fireplace,  for  the  most  part  asleep.  A  broken  candle  on  the 
chimney-piece  drops  wax  into  the  mouth  of  a  sleeping  man  (r.),  to  the 
amusement  of  his  neighbour.  Over  the  chimney-piece  is  a  large  clock-face, 
the  hands  indicating  10.56;  above  it  is  a  carved  owl  and  the  words  About 
your  business.  Beneath  the  design:  Gemmen  At  a  General  Meeting,  you 
Impowered  me  whenever  the  situation  of  public  affairs  Ran  down  &  the  main 
Spring  of  good  order  Broke,  then  Gemmen  as  I  before  said  you  Empowerd 
me  to  call  you  together;  now  is  your  Time,  &  a  moment  lost  belike  may  never 
be  Regaind,  unless  you  exert  yourselves  to  unhing  [sic]  that  bold  Monster 
Sedition  who  Stalks  abroad  in  Broad  Day  Light  Gemmen  to  destroy  our 
Glorious  Constitution  &  Throw  tJie  Balance  of  power  from  its  place  &  Canker 
our  principles  with  the  Rust  of  Democracy,  Gemmen  its  unknown  the  Villany 
thats  abroad  there  are  wheels  within  wheels  that  Regulate  the  Encreasing  Tide 
of  Traitorous  Measures  in  this  here  big  Town  therefore  in  order  to  Check 

208 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

this  growing  Evil  I  have  called  you  together^  that  we  may  know  how  and 
about  it. 

A  satire  on  'cits'  and  on  the  addresses  deploring  seditious  meetings  and 
approving  of  the  measures  taken  against  them  which  were  made  in  opposi- 
tion to  the  petitions  against  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Bills,  see  No, 
8687,  &c.  Two  Deputy  Aldermen  (and  others)  presented  such  an  address 
on  25  Nov.  Lond.  Chron.,  28  Nov.  1795.  Perhaps  a  satire  on  Birch,  one 
of  the  two  Deputies,  who  was  noted  as  a  'city-orator'.  City  Biography, 
1800,  p.  152.  See  Baker,  Biog.  Dram.,  s.v.  Birch,  and  Vol.  vi. 
8|x8f  in.   PI.  14x91  in. 

8701  THE  ROYAL  EXTINGUISHER  OR  GULLIVER  PUTTING 
OUT  THE  PATRIOTS  OF  LILLIPUT!!! 

/  C   [Cruikshank.] 

London   Published  Decern^  i  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly — 
Folios  of  Carecatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Pitt  as  Gulliver  strides 
across  the  design  stooping  to  put  an  extinguisher  over  a  crowd  of  gesticula- 
ting Lilliputians  (r.)  confined  within  a  hoop  inscribed  Copenhagen.  He  is 
dressed  as  a  watchman,  with  long  coat  in  whose  belt  is  a  rattle ;  his  lantern 
is  inscribed  For  Protecting  His  Majesty's  Person;  its  rays  are  directed  on 
the  crowd.  He  wears  a  peaked  hunting-cap  and  the  coat  is  blue  with  red 
facings,  indicating  the  Windsor  uniform.  His  extinguisher  is  surmounted 
by  a  crown,  and  inscribed  For  Preventing  Seditious  Meetings.  He  says :  Aye! 
Aye!  My  Seditious  Lads  Pm  down  upon  You  Pll  Darken  your  Day  lights 
Pll  stop  your  Throats. 

Among  the  Lilliputians  are  Stanhope  (1.),  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge,  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  both  arms  held  up;  Fox,  full-face,  and  Sheridan  next  him 
in  profile  to  the  r.  are  conspicuous.  A  thin  man  in  the  centre,  raised  above 
the  crowd,  and  haranguing  them,  is  probably  Thelwall.  They  say:  He'll 
put  us  out  to  a  Certainty. 

A  satire  on  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Bills,  which  became  law  on 
18  Dec,  see  No.  8687,  &c.  For  the  meetings  at  Copenhagen  House  see 
No.  8685.  The  debates  on  the  Bills  {Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  301,  326,  334,  &c.) 
turned  largely  on  the  (alleged)  connexion  between  the  meeting  at  Copen- 
hagen House  and  the  attack  on  the  King  (see  No.  8681). 
"16X171  in. 

8702  DOWNFALL  OF  GALLIC  RELIGION.  [i  Dec.  1795] 

[Collings  del.  Barlow  /.] 

Engraving.  Carlton  House  Magazine,  iv.  359.  Two  monks  have  been  flung 
to  the  ground  by  a  mule  whose  kicking  hind  legs  appear  on  the  r.  Three 
other  monks  flee  in  terror.  Trees  form  a  background.  The  text  explains 
that  religion  is  'getting  out  of  fashion',  France  has  set  the  example  which 
England  seems  inclined  to  follow,  by  saying  that  bishops  and  priests  are 
but  men. 

For  'dechristianisation'  see  No.  8350.    The  reissue  of  part  of  a  plate 
published  in  the  Attic  Miscellany,  ii.  153 ;  the  other  part  of  the  design  is 
No.  8645. 
6f  X4I  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5448. 

209  P 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8703  TALK  OF  AN  OSTRICH!  AN  OSTRICH  IS  NOTHING  TO 
HIM;  JOHNNY  BULL  WILL  SWALLOW  ANY  THING!! 

[?  West.] 

Pu¥  DecenV  13  1795  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  the  corner  of 
Sockville  S*,  NB  folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull,  fat  and  grotesque,  half-lies 
on  the  ground,  supported  on  his  1.  hand,  and  looking  up  with  goggling  and 
terrified  eyes  at  Pitt,  who  rams  a  document  inscribed  Conven\tion\  down 
his  throat  with  the  butt-end  of  a  musket.  Pitt,  his  head  in  profile  to  the  r., 
legs  wide  astride,  holds  his  weapon  in  both  hands,  saying :  What  it  sticks 
in  your  Throat  does  it?  Oh  I'll  ram  it  down  I  warrant  you,  and  when  it  is 
once  past,  you'll  easily  digest  it  ?  You  must  not  be  obstinate  Johnny  ;  when  Laws 
are  made  you  have  nothing  to  do  but  to  Obey  them!!!  Pitt  is  very  thin ;  in 
spite  of  the  vigour  of  his  action  he  has  an  expression  of  alarm. 

A  satire  on  the  Seditious  Meetings  and  Treasonable  Practices  Bills 
(popularly  called  Convention  Bills),  see  No.  8687,  &c.  The  words  here 
attributed  to  Pitt  were  spoken  (with  some  qualifications)  by  Horsley, 
Bishop  of  Rochester,  in  a  debate  on  the  latter  Bill:  'In  fact,  he  did  not  know 
what  the  mass  of  the  people  in  any  country  had  to  do  with  the  laws  but 
to  obey  them,  with  the  reserve  of  their  undoubted  right  to  petition  against 
any  particular  law.  .  .  . '  For  this  he  was  attacked  by  Lauderdale.  Pari. 
Hist,  xxxii.  258,  264;  Stanhope,  Life  of  Pitt,  1879,  ii.  141-2.  Cf.  Nos.  9046, 
9177. 
i4iXiiim. 

8704  THE  DEATH  OF  THE  GREAT  WOLF. 
J*  Qy  d:  etf: 

Pu¥  Def  if^  1795'  by  H.  Humphrey,  37,  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  close  parody  of 
West's  picture,  The  Death  of  Wolfe  (1771).  The  three  officers  supporting 
the  mortally  wounded  Pitt  are  (1.  to  r.)  Burke,  Pepper  Arden  (Master  of 
the  Rolls),  and  Dundas.  From  Burke's  pocket  projects  a  paper  Reflections 
upon  £3700  P^  Ann.  (The  policy  indicated  by  his  famous  book,  see 
No.  7675,  &c.,  had  been  rewarded  by  two  pensions,  see  No.  8654.)  Dundas, 
wearing  a  kilt,  offers  Pitt  a  glass  of  wine  (in  place  of  stanching  his  wound) ; 
a  bottle  of  Port  projects  from  his  coat-pocket.  The  officer  behind  holding 
the  British  flag  is  identified  by  Lord  Holland  as  Chatham  and  the  man 
who  supports  him  as  Powys,  noted  for  his  propensity  to  tears  (see  No. 
6642).  The  White  Horse  of  Hanover  (cf.  No.  8691,  &c.)  on  the  flag  is  more 
conspicuous  than  in  West's  picture,  and  a  scroll  inscribed  Magna  Chart[a] 
has  been  added. 

In  the  group  facing  Pitt  the  place  of  the  Mohawk  Indian  seated  on  the 
ground  is  taken  by  Loughborough,  half-naked,  the  purse  of  the  Great  Seal 
replacing  the  Indian's  beaded  bag,  the  mace  that  of  his  musket,  a  blood- 
stained headsman's  axe  that  of  his  tomahawk.  In  place  of  the  beaded  head- 
dress is  the  Chancellor's  wig  surmounted  by  a  monster  with  the  head  of 
a  cock,  whose  limbs  are  snakes.  The  two  men  who  lean  forward  to  Wolfe, 
pointing  back  to  the  messenger  with  the  news  of  victory,  are  dressed  as 
running-footmen  in  livery  and  hold  the  long  sticks  with  the  head  enclosing 
an  egg  carried  by  these  men.  Ink-pots  are  slung  across  their  shoulders  by 
bands  inscribed  i**  Treasury  Runner  and  2*^  Tre  .  .  .,  showing  that  they  are 

210 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

the  two  Secretaries  to  the  Treasury,  George  Rose  and  Charles  Long. 
Grenville,  in  peer's  robes,  stands  between  Lord  Mansfield  and  Windham, 
who  supports  him. 

In  place  of  West's  handsome  young  officer  who  runs  up  with  the  French 
flag  is  a  man  with  the  face  of  a  demon  holding  a  tattered  tricolour  flag 
inscribed  Libertas,  its  shaft  broken.  A  large  bonnet-rouge  lies  on  the 
ground. 

The  couple  who  stand  on  the  extreme  r.  watching  Pitt  with  clasped  hands 
are  Richmond  and  a  man  with  a  wooden  leg.  Richmond,  in  general's 
uniform,  his  bald  head  contrasting  with  the  luxuriant  hair  of  West's 
corresponding  figure,  has  a  cannon  slung  to  his  back  to  indicate  his  Master- 
ship of  the  Ordnance  (cf.  No.  6921,  &c.)  in  which,  however,  he  had  been 
succeeded  by  Cornwallis  (Feb.  1795),  see  No.  8341.  His  weeping  com- 
panion has  been  identified  as  Wilberforce,  though  his  wooden  leg  might 
indicate  Brook  Watson,  Commissary- General  (see  vol.  vi). 

The  background  differs  from  West's  picture.  In  place  of  the  confused 
fighting  and  the  smoke  which  surrounds  the  Heights  of  Abraham,  the 
Ministerial  cavalry  advance  in  even  line,  rank  upon  rank,  and  put  to  flight 
a  small  body  of  sansculottes  with  bonnets-rouges  (1.).  They  have  a  standard 
on  which  is  a  crown.  Beneath  the  title : "  We  have  overcome  all  Opposi- 
tion!  exclaimed  the  Managers, "/'m  satisfied." said  the  Dying 

Hero,  &  Expired  in  the  Moment  of  Victory. 

To  Benj^  West  Es(f  President  of  the  Royal  Academy,  this  attempt  to 
Emulate  the  Beauties  of  his  unequal' d  Picture,  of  the  "Death  of  Gen^  Wolfe", 
is  most  respectfully  submitted,  by  the  Author. 

A  satire  on  the  passing  of  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Bills  (see  No. 
8687,  &c.)  which  became  law  on  18  Dec,  similar  in  spirit  to  No.  8691. 
The  heavy  Ministerial  forces  are  entirely  disproportioned  to  the  tiny  body 
of  (unarmed)  sansculottes.  For  Gillray's  attitude  towards  history  painting 
cf.  No.  7584. 

Sneyd  wrote  to  Gillray,  31  Dec.  1795:  'The  Great  Wolf  is  very  capital 
indeed,  and  I  regret  with  you  that  Mr.  Canning  did  not  make  his  debut 
in  Mrs  H's  window  in  so  excellent  a  print.'  Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends, 
1909,  i.  56-7.  For  West's  picture  see  Whitley,  Artists  arid  their  Friends  in 
England  lyoo-iygg,  i,  281  f. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  195  (reproduction).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  140. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
iij^Xi7in. 

8705  A  RECENT  ESCAPE. 
[I.  Cniikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  Dec"  21^  I795  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly.  Folios 
of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.)  and  Fox  face  each  other,  their 
heads  in  profile.  Pitt's  face,  hair,  and  elegant  riding-dress  are  spattered 
with  mud ;  he  holds  a  hat  and  switch,  and  stands  with  bent  knees,  saying, 

These  are  the  Blessed  effects  of  Your  Patriotism,  &  be  D to  you.   Fox, 

neatly  dressed  and  very  fat,  holding  his  hands  to  his  chest,  grins  broadly, 
saying : 

Why  dost  thou  shake  thy  Dirty  Locks  at  me  ? 

Thou  canst  not  say  I  did  it — Muddy  Banquo! 

211 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

A  satire  on  Pitt's  unpopularity,  owing  to  dearth  and  military  failure,  see 
No.  8664,  &c.,  and  to  repressive  measures  which  were  violently  opposed 
by  the  Opposition.  See  No.  8687,  &c.  For  Fox  as  Macbeth  cf.  No.  9244. 
lof  X14I  in. 

8706  A  CONCISE  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CONVENTION  BILLS !! 
[?West.] 

Puh  Dec''  23  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner  of  Sack- 

ville  Street  NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  lean  Frenchman,  probably  an  emigre, 
and  a  fat  Englishman  face  each  other  in  profile.  The  Frenchman  (1.),  who 
has  a  long  thin  queue,  ruffled  shirt,  and  wears  a  spencer  (see  No.  8192) 
over  his  coat,  leans  on  a  tasselled  cane,  and  says  with  raised  forefinger, 
Pray  Monsieur  what  be  de  meaning  of  theese  Convention  Bills?  The  shorter 
Englishman,  who  is  very  obese  and  wears  clerical  bands,  his  stick  under  his 
arm,  his  hand  thrust  in  the  pocket  of  his  old-fashioned  waistcoat,  looks  up 
at  the  Frenchman  with  a  grotesque  scowl,  shouting  Hold  your  Jaw!! 

A  satire  on  the  Treasonable  Practices  and  Seditious  Meetings  Bills,  see 
No.  8687,  &c. 
12X9I  i^- 

8707  SUBSTITUTES  FOR  BREAD ;— OR— RIGHT  HONORABLES, 
SAVING  THE  LOAVES,  &  DIVIDING  THE  FISHES. 

f&d:etfK 

Pub^  Dec''  24^^  1795  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Ministers  sit  at  a  round  dinner-table 
guzzling  guineas,  while  through  the  window  is  seen  a  hungry  mob.  Pitt, 
in  profile  to  the  1.,  sits  on  the  r.,  a  large  fish  made  of  guineas  on  a  dish 
before  him,  of  which  he  shovels  huge  lumps  into  his  gaping  mouth;  he 
sits  on  a  Treasury  chest  which  is  closed  by  a  padlock  inscribed  WP. 
Opposite  him  on  the  extreme  1.,  seated  on  the  woolsack,  is  Loughborough, 
indicated  by  an  elongated  Chancellor's  wig  in  back  view  (cf .  No.  6796) ; 
he  clutches  a  large  bowl  of  Royal  Turtle  Soup,  holding  a  large  ladle-full 
of  guineas  to  his  mouth.  The  others  sit  on  the  farther  side  of  the  table : 
Grenville  next  Loughborough,  Dundas  in  the  middle,  Pepper  Arden  next 
Pitt.  Grenville  stoops,  putting  his  mouth  on  the  level  of  his  dishful  of 
guineas.  Dundas,  wearing  a  plaid,  gnaws  a  fish  which  he  holds  in  both 
hands.  Arden,  between  Pitt  and  Dundas,  holds  a  lump  of  coins  on  his  fork. 
Between  him  and  Dundas  are  three  bottles  labelled  Bur[gundy'],  Cham- 
paign, Port.  On  the  table  are  sauce-boats  and  small  dishes  full  of  guineas. 
Before  Dundas  are  two  glasses  of  wine. 

At  the  near  side  of  the  table,  between  Loughborough  and  Pitt,  is  a  group 
of  three  sacks  on  each  side  of  which  is  a  large  wine-cooler  filled  with  bottles. 
The  central  sack  is :  Product  of  New  Taxes  upon  John  Bulls  Property.  On 
its  mouth  rests  a  small  basket  of  potatoes  inscribed  Potatoe  Bread  to  be 
given  in  Charity.  The  other  sacks  are  labelled  Secret  Service  Money. 
Behind  (r.),  three  steaming  dishes  are  being  brought  in,  held  high  by  foot- 
men (their  heads  obscured):  a  haunch  of  venison,  a  sirloin,  and  a  large 
bird.  They  wear,  not  livery,  but  the  Windsor  uniform,  and  the  sym- 
metrical pair  immediately  behind  Pitt  are  probably  the  two  Treasury 
Secretaries,  Rose  and  Long;  this  is  supported  by  Gillray's  Lilliputian 

212 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

Substitutes  (i8oi).  On  the  wall  are  two  placards :  Proclamation  for  a  General 
Fast,  in  order  to  avert  the  impending  Famine  and  Substitutes  for  Bread 
Venison,  Roast  Beef,  Poultry,  Turtle  Soup,  Fish,  boild  in  Wine,  Ragouts, 
Jellies  &c.  Burgundy,  Champaign,  Tokay,  &c.,  &c.  The  heads  of  men  wear- 
ing bonnets-rouges  are  seen  through  the  window ;  they  hold  up  a  loaf  on 
a  pole  with  a  scroll  inscribed  14  Pence  p^  Quartern  and  two  placards: 
Petition  from  the  Starving  Swine  (see  No.  8500,  &c.)  and  Grant  us  the 
Crumbs  which  drop  from  your  Table.  Beneath  the  title:  To  the  Charitable 
Committee,  for  reducing  the  high  price  of  Corn,  by  providing  Substitutes  for 
Bread  in  their  own  Families,  this  representation  of  the  Hard  Shifts  made  by 
the  Framers  &  Signers  of  the  Philanthropic  Agreement,  is  most  respectfully 
dedicated. 

Ministers  are  devouring  the  fishes  of  office  without  the  loaves.  Measures 
for  reducing  the  consumption  of  wheat  were  debated  in  the  Commons 
on  II  and  16  Dec.  Proposals  included  mixing  rye,  barley,  and  potatoes 
with  wheat  and  making  coarser  bread,  &c.  An  agreement  was  approved 
by  which  the  signatories  undertook  to  reduce  the  consumption  of  wheat 
in  their  households  by  at  least  a  third.  Dundas  approved  the  principle : 
'that  while  the  rich  were  enjoying  other  luxuries,  they  should  diminish 
their  consumption  of  bread,  that  more  .  .  .  should  be  left  for  the  use  of 
the  poor . . . '.  It  was  also  said  that  in  one  of  the  Westminster  parishes 
'1400  loaves,  of  an  inferior  quality,  were  distributed  weekly  among  the 
poor'.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  687-700.  For  Fasts  ordered  by  Proclamation  see 
No.  8428,  &c.  For  the  dearth  see  No.  8664,  &c. ;  for  food  prices,  No. 
8665,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  195-6.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  135.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
8^X131  in. 

8708  A  SPECIMEN  OF  LIGHT  HORSEMANSHIP. 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  Dec*  26  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of 
Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  assailed  by  an  angry  mob,  is  gallop- 
ing for  shelter  to  the  gate  of  the  [Tre\asury  (1.),  which  his  horse's  head  has 
just  reached.  He  stoops  forward  to  escape  a  shower  of  brick-bats,  onions, 
eggs,  cats,  &c.  A  cat  strikes  his  face,  an  egg,  broken  against  the  Treasury 
wall,  bursts  into  his  mouth.  A  man  holds  his  horse  by  the  tail,  helped  by 
a  sailor  and  another  man  who  form  a  chain.  A  tall  man  ( ?  Thelwall)  is 
about  to  hurl  a  cat  which  he  holds  by  the  tail.  Another  cat,  a  wig,  a  shoe, 
a  rat,  &c.,  are  flying  through  the  air.  A  Bill  to  Prevent  Sedition  is  behind 
Pitt  and  above  the  heads  of  the  crowd.  A  bulldog,  his  collar  inscribed 
[John]  Bull,  runs  viciously  under  Pitt's  horse,  about  to  bite.  Pitt's  horse 
has  a  saddle-cloth  on  which  is  a  crown  and  is  evidently  the  White  Horse 
of  Hanover,  cf.  No.  8691,  &c.  On  the  Treasury  wall  is  a  torn  placard: 
Proclation  [sic]  looo.  .  .  . 

A  satire  on  the  unpopularity  resulting  from  the  Seditious  Meetings  and 
Treasonable  Practices  Bills,  see  No.  8687,  &c.  After  the  attack  on  the 
King  (see  No.  8681)  a  proclamation  was  immediately  issued  offering  ,^1,000 
reward  for  discovery  of  the  'authors,  actors  or  abettors'.  Hist,  of  Two 
Acts  .  .  .,  1796,  pp.  21-2.  See  No.  8664,  &c. 
8^X13  in. 

213 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8709  A  SOCIABLE  MEETING;  OR,  OLD  FRIENDS  WITH  NEW 

FACES!!! 

[  ?  Newton.] 

London  Pu¥  by  Will""  Holland^  N'>  50  Oxford  5*,  De(f  iyg5 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Sheridan  (1.)  and  Fox  (r.)  face  each 
other  in  profile  across  a  narrow  table  on  which  they  lean  with  folded  arms. 
They  are  large  H.L.  figures.  Their  lips  are  closed  by  padlocks  (see  No. 
8693),  their  faces  register  anger  and  alarm.  Above  their  heads:  Mwm, — 
is  the  order  of  the  Day!!  See  No.  8687,  &c. 
8ixi3|in. 


8710  A  FREEBORN  ENGLISHMAN,  [?  1795] 
T.  French. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  man  in  ragged  clothes  stands,  heavily 
shackled,  directed  to  the  r.  His  mouth  is  closed  by  a  padlock,  his  hands 
are  tied  behind  him.  Below  the  title :  the  Admiration  of  the  World;  the 
Envy  of  Surrounding  Nations;  &c  &c. 

Probably  a  satire  on  the  Sedition  and  Treason  Acts,  known  as  the  Con- 
vention Acts,  see  No.  8687,  &c.  For  the  padlocked  mouth  see  No.  8693,  &c. 
It  is  probably  aimed  at  Pitt's  whole  policy  of  repression,  embodied  also  in 
the  suspension  of  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act,  May  1794.  See  Rose,  Pitt  and 
the  Great  War,  chap,  vii ;  P.  A.  Brown,  England  and  the  French  Revolution, 
pp.  i5off.  Cf.  No.  871 1. 

A  copy  with  alterations  by  W.  Spencewas  published  byT.  Spence  in  1796. 
5fX4|in. 

8711  A  FREE  BORN  ENGLISHMAN!  [?  1795]' 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  grotesque  man,  lean  and  ragged, 
stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  his  mouth  closed  by  a  padlock  inscribed  No 
Grumbling.  His  hands  are  tied  behind  his  back,  but  his  1.  hand  awkwardly 
holds  a  pen  and  a  paper:  Freedom  of  the  Press  |  Transportation.  He  wears 
heavy  leg-irons  chained  to  an  iron  ring  round  his  waist.  One  of  his  feet, 
bare  except  for  fragments  of  leather,  rests  on  Magna  Charta,  a  book  with 
torn  binding,  the  other  on  a  torn  paper:  Bill  of  Rights,  across  which  lies 
the  handle  of  a  headsman's  axe  whose  blade  (1.)  is  inscribed  Law  of  Libel. 
On  the  ground  (r.)  is  his  cap  of  Liberty.  A  bird  pecks  at  his  bald  head. 

Behind  (1.)  is  a  tumbledown  house  on  which  is  a  placard:  M'  Bull 
removed  by  the  Tax  Gatherers  over  the  Way.  In  front  of  it  sits  a  woman ; 
a  child,  a  naked  infant,  and  a  dead  or  dying  dog  are  beside  her.  Before  the 
group  is  the  inscription  Free  discussion — a  farce  \  Right  of  Petitioning, 
reserved  to  Families  only.  On  the  r.  is  a  debtors'  prison,  a  man  walks  past 
it,  out-at-elbows  and  empty-handed,  trying  to  ignore  the  appealing  hands 
and  faces  pushed  through  the  bars  of  the  window,  above  which  projects 
a  sign :  Pray  Remember  the  poor  Debtors.  Below  the  window  is  the  contribu- 
tion box.  Beneath  is  an  inscription:  Tampering  at  Elections — allowed  to 
Ministers  only!!  Lord  Lieutennants  of  Counties  &  other  Local  Authorities 
must  be  tools  of  government — for  Necessary  Purposes,  employ  Clerical  Mages- 
trates.  Beneath  the  title:  The  Admiration  of  the  World!!!  And  the  Envy 
of  Surrounding  Nations!!!!! 

'  Imprint  cut  off.  'No  Gnimbling'  suggests  that  the  print  was  originally  issued 
in  connexion  with  the  Bills  of  1795.  Some  of  the  inscriptions  may  relate  to  18 19. 

214 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1795 

Apparently  a  satire  on  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Bills,  see  No.  8687,  &c., 
and  probably  also  on  the  Scottish  Trials  of  1793-4,  see  Nos.  8359-63, 
8506-12.  For  the  padlocked  mouth  cf.  No.  8693,  &c. ;  for  'No  Grumbling', 
No.  8646,  &c.  Cf.  No.  8710. 

Copied  by  G.  Cruikshank,  Reid,  No.  228;  see  also  ibid..  No.  229. 

Reissued,  Fores,  15  Dec.  1819.   (A.  de  R.  xv.  194.) 
I  if  X  8|  in.  'Caricatures',  xii.  3. 

8712  HELL  BROKE  LOOSE,  BILLY  &  HIS  GANG,  WORKING 
THE  SWINE  [?  1795] 

WOKInv'  [O'Keefe.] 

London  Pu¥  by  P.  Roberts  28  Middle  Row  Holbom 
Engraving.  Pitt,  leaping  through  the  air  and  surrounded  by  demons, 
pursues  (1.  to  r.)  fleeing  swine  with  human  heads.  In  his  r.  hand  he  flourishes 
a  scourge  with  three  weighted  lashes,  two  inscribed  Powder  Tax,  the  third 
Wig  Tax.  The  swine  wear  wigs  or  have  long  hair.  In  his  1.  hand  he  holds 
a  sceptre  terminating  in  a  spike  with  which  he  prods  a  pig  which  turns 
round  to  snarl.  Two  of  the  attendant  demons  breathe  fire  and  hold  fire- 
brands. A  small  demon  prods  with  a  trident  and  seizes  the  tail  of  a  large 
pig  which  leaps  through  the  air,  its  wig  flying  from  its  head.  Another  rides 
a  pig,  flourishing  a  scourge.  Four  birds  (r.)  fly  away.  Pitt  is  grotesquely 
caricatured  as  are  the  heads  of  the  swine. 

A  satire  on  the  powder-tax,  see  No.  8629,  &c.,  and  on  Burke's  phrase, 
'the  swinish  multitude ',  see  No.  8500,  &c.    The  imprint  may  indicate  a 
reissue  later. 
8f  Xi3f  in. 

8713  THE  RT  HONBLE  TRIUMPHANT  OR  DUPES  PAYING  THE 
PIPER.  [?  1795] 

.  .  .^  idor  del^  [?  Traditor]  Jtistitia  sculpsit 

Engraving  (outline).  Probably  an  Irish  print.  A  design  in  outline  with 
many  figures  grouped  symmetrically  in  front  of  the  colonnade  of  the  Dublin 
Parliament  House,  whose  dome  is  on  fire.  In  the  centre  foreground  stands 
Grattan,  his  r.  foot  on  the  body  of  a  man  lying  face  downwards ;  he  clasps 
two  money-bags  inscribed:  This  not  brass  Money  and  L 50, 000.  He  turns 
his  head  in  profile  to  the  r.  towards  a  group  in  academic  dress;  the  fore- 
most holds  out  a  paper:  To  the  R*  Hon^^^  Ry  G — tt — n.  Two  boys  also 
wearing  gown  and  mortar-board  stand  beside  him,  one  holding  a  book: 
Paine's  Works.  A  symbolical  figure  on  the  extreme  r.  turns  her  back  on 
the  group  and  walks  away  with  bowed  head;  she  wears  quasi-classical 
draperies  with  a  winged  helmet,  and  holds  in  her  r.  hand  a  small  globe  on 
which  rests  the  point  of  a  triangle  ( ?  symbolizing  Learning  or  Geometry). 

The  prostrate  figure  lies  with  his  hands  on  a  sword  below  which  is  a 
paper:  Lord  C — // — es  Answer.  Beside  it  is  an  inverted  earl's  coronet  which 
a  dog  is  befouling.   A  paper :  Submission  to  M^  B d  lies  beside  him. 

On  the  1.  another  group  advances;  the  foremost,  a  man  wearing  top- 
boots,  holds  out  a  paper  inscribed  Catholic  Address ;  from  his  pocket  hangs 
a  paper:  Widow  Lincoln's  Account.  The  next  man  holds  under  his  arm  a 
document  inscribed  Licence  for  Dram?;  from  his  pocket  hangs  a  paper: 
Settlement  with  Ja^  Connor  of  Rush.  These  two  are  followed  by  rough- 
looking  peasants  one  of  whom  holds  a  flag  inscribed  No  figure  money.  The 

'  Mutilated. 

215 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

last  of  this  group  on  the  extreme  1.  is  a  grinning  satyr,  taller  than  the  others, 
holding  a  large  horn  or  cornucopia  inscribed  Whisky. 

Immediately  behind  Grattan  are  two  men,  both  with  shackled  ankles. 

The  nearer  (r.)  holds  out  a  paper  inscribed  To  M^^ alias  Jackson 

Bridge  Street.  Under  his  arm  is  a  paper:  Observations  by  D^  Drennan.  The 
other  (1.)  wears  a  barrister's  wig  and  gown;  under  his  r.  arm  is  a  large 
document:  Resolutions  of  the  United  Irishmen.  He  looks  down  dejectedly; 
over  his  1.  arm  hangs  a  bag  inscribed  M.T.  (empty). 

In  the  middle  distance  (1.)  a  man  with  shackled  ankles  holds  out  his 
hands  to  a  woman  with  downcast  head  who  holds  a  bottle  labelled  Poison. 
(He  is  evidently  the  William  Jackson  who  died  of  poison,  previously  given 
by  his  wife,  while  in  court  to  receive  sentence  for  high  treason  on  30  April 
1795.)  On  the  r.  a  man  on  horseback  rides  off  to  the  r.  with  a  halter  round 
his  neck;  another  well-dressed  man  wearing  a  cocked  hat  holds  the  end 
of  a  halter  which  is  round  his  neck.   Both  are  probably  portraits. 

In  the  background  (1.)  on  undulating  ground  are  a  number  of  gibbets 
from  which  hang  one,  two,  or  three  bodies.  On  the  r.,  as  a  pendant  to  this, 
men  with  muskets,  tiny  figures,  fire  at  a  larger  body  armed  only  with  sticks, 
some  of  whom  lie  on  the  ground. 

A  comprehensive  satire  on  the  events  of  1795  in  Ireland,  showing  the 
disorder  which  broke  out  after  the  recall  of  Fitzwilliam  (see  No.  8632)  and 
culminated  in  the  battle  of  the  Diamond  (21  Sept.,  when  Catholics  attacked 
a  smaller  but  better-armed  body  of  Protestants  and  were  defeated),  probably 
here  depicted.  On  the  recall,  many  addresses  from  Catholics  (and  from 
the  Protestants  of  Londonderry)  were  made  to  Grattan,  including  one 
from  the  'Roman  Catholics  of  Dublin'  and  the  'Students  of  the  University 
of  Dublin'  (Mar.-Apr.).  Life  and  Times  of  Henry  Grattan,  iv.  215  ff. 
For  the  gift  of  ^^50,000  in  1782  see  No.  6003.  The  United  Irishmen  were 
compromised  by  the  trial  of  Jackson,  showing  their  relations  with  France. 
State  Trials,  xxv.  783  ff.  Dr.  Drennan,  the  poet,  was  a  leading  member 
of  the  United  Irishmen ;  he  was  tried  for  sedition  and  acquitted  26  June 
1794.  Curran,  perhaps  the  barrister  here  depicted,  defended  Drennan  and 
Jackson.  For  Jackson  see  No.  7059;  for  his  death  in  Court  see  Life  of 
J.  P.  Curran  by  his  son,  i.  327-31.  The  prostrate  earl  is  probably  Clonmell, 
Chief  Justice  in  Ireland,  who  had  been  compelled  to  apologize  for  his  gross 
rudeness  to  the  bar  (see  D.N.B.) ;  he  tried  Jackson. 
11^X16^  in. 


2l6 


1795 
PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES 

8714  QUIZ-ZING  A  FILLY. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  May  26'*  J795,  hy  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Str 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  T.Q.L.  portrait  of  the  Duke  of  Queens- 
berry,  old  and  rakish,  standing  in  profile  to  the  r.,  and  leering  through  a 
quizzing-glass.  He  wears  a  battered  hat  and  ruffled  shirt.  His  cane  hangs 
from  a  coat-button.   See  No.  8867. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  196.    Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  E.  B. 
Chancellor,  Lives  of  the  Rakes,  v.  116. 
7|X3iin.  (pi.). 

8715  THE  SHADOW  OF  A  DUKE. 

J'  Gy  des*"  etfed 

Pu¥  June  23^  1795  by  H  Humphrey  N  57  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted.  A  man  walks  away  from  the  spectator, 
slightly  to  the  r.,  showing  a  whiskered  r.  cheek.  He  wears  a  high  round  hat 
with  a  curved  brim,  sparrow-tail  coat,  and  spurred  top-boots.  His  shoulders 
are  sprinkled  with  hair-powder  (see  No.  8190,  &c.).  In  his  r.  hand  is  a 
riding-switch.  He  is  in  shadow.  On  the  extreme  r.  is  the  arm  and  1.  leg 
of  a  man  in  the  exact  position  of  his  shadow,  dressed  in  the  same  way. 

Said  to  be  Thomas  Thornton  (1757-1823),  Col.  of  the  W.  Riding 
Militia  till  1795,  sportsman  and  writer  on  sport,  see  D.N.B.,  who  believed 
that  he  resembled  the  Duke  of  Hamilton  (see  No.  8175,  &c.)  and  imitated 
his  gait. 

Wright  and  Evans,  No.  406.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.y  1830. 
10  X  6|  in.  With  border,  1 1 1 X  ^fi  in. 

8716  A  SLICE  OF  GLO'STER  CHEESE. 

f  Gy  des^  etfec* 

Pu¥  June  29^*  1795  by  H.  Humphrey  N"  37  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  A  W.L.  caricature- 
portrait  of  Prince  William  Frederick  of  Gloucester  in  profile  to  the  r.  wear- 
ing military  uniform.  He  is  very  thin,  elongated,  and  knock-kneed,  and 
stands  with  his  r.  hand  in  his  breeches  pocket.  His  profile  resembles  that 
of  his  uncle,  George  III  (cf.  No.  9014). 

Said  to  be  an  excellent  likeness  of  Prince  William  (1776-1834),  who  had 
served  in  Flanders  in  1794  as  Major-General.  Creevey  (in  1821)  called  the 
Duke  of  Gloucester  (as  he  became)  'slice  of  Gloucester'  or  'Slice'.  Creevey 
Papers,  1904,  ii.  6,  7,  &c.   Cf.  No.  9290. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  197  (copy).  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  407.  Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9^X4iin.  ; 

217 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8717  A  BURGESS  OF  WARWICK  LANE. 
f  &  des*"  etfed 

Pu¥  July  ^  1795,  by  H.  Humphrey  N"  37  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  man  walks  on  tiptoe  away  from  the 
spectator.  He  is  ungainly,  the  I.  shoulder  lower  than  the  r.,  with  ill- 
dressed  hair  in  a  small  tail.  He  wears  a  grotesque  cocked  hat  poised  on  his 
head,  an  old-fashioned  coat,  and  striped  stockings.  The  stone  wall  of  a 
house,  showing  part  of  a  street-door  and  one  window,  forms  a  background. 

John  Burges,  M.D.  (1745-1807),  a  distinguished  Fellow  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  in  Warwick  Lane,  whose  health  was  too  weak  for  general 
practice.   See  D.N.B. 

Grego,  G£//rfly,  p.  198.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  418.  Reprinted,  G.^T.G., 
1830. 
9|x6Jin. 

8718  THE  GREAT  SOUTH  SEA  CATERPILLAR,  TRANSFORM'D 
INTO  A  BATH  BUTTERFLY. 

f  G^  des""  et  fed 

Pu¥  July  4^  1795  hy  H.  Humphrey  N"  37  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  creature  with  the  head  of  Sir  Joseph 
Banks,  a  body  defined  by  the  ribbon  of  the  Bath  and  roughly  in  the  form 
of  a  chrysalis,  and  with  the  wings  of  a  butterfly,  rises  (r.)  from  a  mud  flat 
surrounded  by  sea.  His  head  and  body  are  decorated  with  trails  of  leaves ; 
on  his  wings  are  sea-creatures:  a  shell,  lobster,  starfish,  &c.,  and  an  (empty) 
cornucopia.  He  wears  the  jewel  of  the  Bath  with  three  insects  (in  place  of 
crowns)  in  the  centre.  He  is  rising  towards  rays  which  radiate  from  a  sun 
enclosing  a  crown  in  the  upper  r.  corner  of  the  design.  Caterpillars  are 
emerging  from  the  mud  flat.  Beneath  the  title:  Description  of  the  New  Bath 
Butterfly — taken  from  the  "Philosophical  Transactions  for  1795" — "This 
Insect  first  crawl  d  into  notice  from  \  among  the  Weeds  &  Mud  on  the  Banks 
of  the  South  Sea;  &  being  afterwards  placed  in  a  Warm  Situation  by  the 

Royal  Society,  was  |  changed  by  the  heat  of  the  Sun  into  its  present  form 

it  is  noticed  &  Valued  Solely  on  account  of  the  beautiful  Red  which  encircles  \ 
its  Body,  &  the  Shining  Spot  on  its  Breast;  a  Distinction  which  never  fails 
to  render  Caterpillars  valuable. 

A  satire  on  the  investiture  of  Banks  with  the  Order  of  the  Bath  on  i  July 
1795.  For  his  South  Sea  expedition  see  No.  4695;  for  the  presidency  of 
the  Royal  Society,  No.  7431. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.   198  (small  copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  410. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
i2iX9|in. 

8719  MODERN  ELEGANCE.  |  A  Portrait 
[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  May  22^  1795  by  H  Humphrey  N  37  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  lady,  her  head  in  profile  to  the  1., 
looks  sideways  at  her  reflection  in  a  large  wall-mirror.  She  wears  a  loose 
high-waisted  dress,  giving  the  appearance  of  pregnancy,  her  figure  defined 
under  its  folds.  Locks  of  hair  are  twined  in,  and  escape  from,  a  turban- 
like cap  ornamented  with  four  erect  ostrich  feathers.  In  her  r.  hand  is  a 
fan.  On  the  floor  is  a  patterned  carpet. 

218 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES   1795 

A  portrait  of  Lady  Charlotte  Campbell,  afterwards  Bury,  and  also  a 
satire  on  costume,  see  Nos.  8388,  8571,  8896,  &c.  (Lord  Holland  notes 
'the  face  not  very  like'.)  She  was  noted  for  wearing  draperies  which  defined 
her  beautiful  figure.  Lady  Stafford  writes,  3  Feb.  1794:  'Lady  C.  Campbell 
is  sadly  abused  about  her  Dress.  I  think  it  very  bad,  but  her  Beauty  makes 
the  women  severe  .  .  .  .'  Private  Corr.  of  Lord  Granville  Leveson  Gower, 
1916,  p.  79.  Cf.  the  first  of  the  satires  introduced  as  (supposed)  passages 
from  Ireland's  Vortigern  (see  No.  8883): 

I.  Lady  Ch.  C— b— 11. 

"Looke  what  a  shape! 

"Limbs  fondlie  fashioned  in  the  wanton  moulde 
"Of  Nature! — ^Warm  in  Love's  slie  wytcheries 
"And  scorninge  all  the  draperie  of  Arte, 
"A  spider's  loome  now  weaves  her  thinne  attire, 
*         *         *         *    [Bate-Dudley,]  Passages  .  .  .  on  the  great 
literary  Trial  of  Vortigern  and  Rowena,  p.  17. 
See  No.  8720,  an  altered  impression. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  196.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  400.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1800.   Reproduced,  Paston,  PI.  xlviii. 
iifx8  in. 

8720  LADY  TERMAGANT  TINGLEBUM  THE  LOVELY  FLAGEL- 
LATION. [?  1795] 

[Gillray.] 

Engraving.  A  version  of  No.  8719,  altered  by  erasion  and  water-colour, 
and  with  water-colour  additions.  The  profile  is  altered,  the  neck  and  arms 
are  thicker.  Curls  have  been  added  round  the  forehead  and  three  of  the 
four  feathers  of  the  head-dress  have  been  replaced  by  two  birch-rods.  In 
the  r.  hand,  in  place  of  a  fan,  is  a  birch-rod.  On  the  ground  (1.)  are  the 
legs  of  a  girl  kneeling  to  receive  punishment ;  another  kneels  beside  her, 
the  legs  covered  by  petticoats.  On  the  r.  are  books  and  an  overturned  stool 
suggesting  a  struggle.  On  the  panelled  wall,  flanking  the  large  mirror, 
are  pictures:  Justice  holding  scales  and  a  birch-rod  (1.)  and  (r.)  a  young 
woman  disrobing.  Attached  to  the  print,  and  in  water-colour,  are  the  title 
(as  above),  'Gillray,  1792',  and  inscription:  'Vide  Monthly  Recorder  June 
the  i^*  1792.  The  Pupils  of  Birch  or  the  Severe  Aunt  a  Scholastic  Scene 
Frequently  Performed  by  Lady  Eliza  W******.  The  Beauty  of  Worcester 
upon  her  Juvinile  Offenders  Her  usual  recepta  for  the  Cure  of  Idleness, 
Carelessness.  &c.  &c  &c.  See  the  Vth  Chap^  of  the  above  work.'  Endorsed 
in  the  same  hand:  'vide  The  Covent  Garden  Monthly  Recorder  June  i^' 
1792.  The  Pupils  of  Birch  The  Severe  Aunt  and  Governess  and  the 
Lovely  Flagellation.' 

The  print  cannot  be  earlier  than  No,  8719. 
ii|x8  in. 

872 1  ENTER  COWSLIP  WITH  A  BOWL  OF  CKEKM.—Vide  Branden- 
burg Theatricals 

f  Qy  des**  et  fed 

Pu¥  June  13^^  1795  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  3y.  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  enormously  fat  lady  stands  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  holding  a  bowl  (resembling  a  punch-bowl),  her  1.  hand  on  her 
hip,  holding  up  the  frilled  apron  which  drapes  her  quilted  petticoat.   She 

219 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

wears  ringlets  with  a  small  ribbon-trimmed  straw  hat  poised  on  the  side 
of  her  head.  Her  girth  is  accentuated  by  her  quasi-peasant  costume,  with 
laced  bodice,  and  flowered  over-dress  looped  up  in  festoons,  giving  her  a 
globular  contour.   Beneath  the  design: 

" Ay,  here  's  the  masculine  to  the  feminine  gender"  (words  spoken  by 

Cowslip,  the  young  dairymaid  in  O'Keefe's  Agreeable  Surprise).  Below 
the  title: 

''As  a  Cedar  Tall  &  Slender; 

"Sweet  Cowslip's  grace 

"Is  her  nom'tive  case, 

"And  she  's  of  the  feminine  gender."   [Song  in  Act  Ii.] 

A  satire  on  the  Countess  of  Buckinghamshire,  who  frequently  performed 
at  the  private  theatre  of  the  Margravine  of  Anspach  at  Brandenburg  House, 
Hammersmith. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  196.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  403.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Paston,  PI.  xxxvii. 
io|X7i»ein. 

8722  CHARACTERS  IN  HIGH  LIFE 
jf'  Qy  des  effect 

Pu¥  June  2cf^  1795,  by  H.  Humphrey  N  jy  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  tall  handsome  lady  walks  diagonally 
forwards  from  1.  to  r.,  her  1.  hand  on  the  arm  of  a  much  shorter  companion 
with  a  larger  head,  perhaps  a  young  girl.  The  latter,  though  her  dress  is 
simple,  has  a  grotesquely  high  bunch  of  erect  feathers  in  her  turban,  and 
holds  a  large  fan.  The  tall  lady  wears  an  elaborate  high-waisted  dress, 
with  voluminous  petticoats  and  a  flowing  train.  Drapery  is  twisted  in  her 
hair  and  also  round  her  waist  and  festooned  about  her  skirts.  She  wears 
two  feathers  in  her  hair.  In  the  background  ladies  with  erect  feathers  in 
their  hair  are  freely  sketched.  An  officer  in  back  view  leads  a  lady  by  the 
hand,  an  enormous  cocked  hat  in  his  1.  hand.  Beneath  the  title:  Characters 
in  High  Life.  Sketch' d  at  the  New  Rooms,  Opera  House. 
"Delightful  Task!  to  teach  the  young  Idea  how  to  shoot!" 
They  are  identified  as  the  Duchess  of  Rutland  and  her  unmarried  sister 
[sic].  Lady  Gertrude  Manners.  She  had  no  unmarried  sister-in-law.  (Her 
unmarried  sister  was  Lady  Elizabeth  Fitzroy.)  More  probably  one  of  her 
two  young  daughters,  Lady  Elizabeth,  m.  1798,  or  Lady  Katherine,  m. 
1800.   Cf.  No.  8567. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  196.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  404.  Reprinted,  G.W.G. 
Reproduced,  Paston,  PI.  1. 
i2X9jin. 

8723  UNE  FEMME  D'ESPRIT. 
jf'  Qy  des""  etfec* 

Pu¥June  22^  1795-  by  H.  Humphrey.  N"  37.  New  Bond  Street. 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Design  in  an  oval. 
H.L.  portrait,  scarcely  caricatured,  of  a  woman  in  profile  to  the  r.,  smiling. 
She  has  a  long  nose  and  projecting  chin,  and  wears  a  muslin  cap,  her  hair 
hangs  down  her  back  with  the  ends  looped  beneath  its  heavy  mass.  Her 
neck  is  much  swathed  and  she  wears  a  fichu  over  her  dress. 
6^X5  in.  With  border,  7^X5^  in. 

220 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1795 

8724  POLONIUS. 

/  C   [Cruikshank,] 

London  Pub  Nov''  7  1795  by  S  W  Fores  N  30  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Marquis  of  Salisbury,  holding  a 
long  wand  of  office  and  wearing  military  uniform,  with  a  plumed  cap  and 
spurred  boots,  walks  stiffly  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  coat-tails  flying  out 
behind  him.  His  gold  key  of  office  is  hung  to  a  blue  ribbon  which 
crosses  his  shoulder.  Above  his  1.  boot  is  a  garter  inscribed  Hone  [sic].  He 
is  caricatured,  and  has  a  long  projecting  nose.  Below  the  title:  The  Tallest, 
Fittest,  Properest  Man  to  walk  before  the  King!!! 

Probably  suggested  by  No.  8649.   Salisbury,  K.G.,  was  Colonel  of  the 
Herts.  Militia. 
i3|X9iin. 

8725  [CALEB  WHITEFOORD.] 
Dighton  fecit 

Published  as  the  Act  directs,  Nov*  6'*  1795^  by  R.  Dighton,  Charing 
Cross. 

Photograph  of  an  etching.  H.L.  portrait  of  Whitefoord  (see  No.  8169)  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  holding  an  eye-glass  to  his  r.  eye.  He  wears  a  cocked  hat, 
wig,  and  double-breasted  coat,  and  has  a  cane  under  his  1.  arm.  Beneath 
the  design: 

The  pleasantest  part  of  my  Trade  is 

To  Retail  Joe  Miller  to  Ladies; 

And  no  Judgment  is  equal  to  mine 

In  Old  Pictures— Old  Wit—&  Old  Wine. 

According  to  Mathias:  *If  you  do  but  touch  him,  puns  and  quills  alike 
stand  ready  on  this  fretful  porcupine. '    Pursuits  of  Literature,  Dialogue 
iv,  1797. 
4fX4^in. 

8726  A  HEAD  OF  HARE. 
Dighton.  fecit. 

Published  as  the  Act  directs,  28^^  Not/  1795^  by  R.  Dighton,  Charing 
Cross. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).   Design  in  an  oval.  A  H.L.  portrait  of 
James  Hare  (1749-1804),  the  wit,  M.P.  for  Knaresborough,  see  D.N.B. 
He  is  in  profile  to  the  1.,  wearing  a  cocked  hat. 
4|X4  in. 

8727  DERBY  &  JOAN. 
Drawn  &  Etched  by  Digh\ton\. 

Published  as  the  Act  directs,  Nov*  6^  ^795^  ^y  ^-  Dighton,  Charing 
Cross. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Miss  Farren  (1.)  and  Lord  Derby  (r.) 
lean  on  the  front  of  a  box,  each  holding  an  opera-glass.  He  gazes  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  she  turns  her  head  to  look  fixedly  at  him.  Her  1.  hand  is  in  an 
enormous  muff,  Derby's  1.  hand,  holding  his  glass,  rests  on  her  1.  elbow. 
He  is  slightly  caricatured.  A  play-bill:  The  Constant  Couple  or  a  Trip  to  the 

221 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Oaks  .  .  .  to  conclude  with  the  Weding  Day.  Above  their  heads  is  etched 
an  earl's  coronet  above  crossed  palm  branches.   Beneath  the  title : 

Long  look' d  for — Come  at  Last. 
Riches — Honor — &  Titles,  the  reward  of  Virtue. 

The  marriage  did  not  take  place  until  i  May  1797  (see  No.  9074).  They 
are  Derby  and  Joan  in  Nos.  6263  (1783),  9075,  9077.  The  Oaks  was  Lord 
Derby's  place  in  Surrey:  Burgoyne's  Maid  of  the  Oaks  was  written  and 
performed  for  Derby's  marriage  (1774). 
6f  X8f  in. 

8728  A  CATIFICATION 
J  N  lygi  [Nixon.] 

Puh  Jany  ijgs  by  E  &  S.  Harding  Pall  Mall 

Engraving.  A  full-face  sketch  of  a  man  (identified  as  Dr.  Willis)  is  placed 
side  by  side  with  the  full-face  head  of  Trim  M^  Nixons  Cat  to  stress  a 
resemblance.  Willis  has  a  bald  head  with  tufts  of  hair  which  correspond 
to  the  cat's  ears.  His  drooping,  slit-like  eyes,  indeterminate  nose,  and  thin 
lips  drawn  down  at  the  corners  complete  the  resemblance. 

For  the  Rev.  Francis  Willis,  M.D.  (1718-1807),  who  attended  George  III 
in  1788-9,  see  No.  7394,  &c.  and  D.N.B. 
3i|x6iin. 

8729  [FRONTISPIECE  TO  ODE  TO  THE  HERO  OF  FINSBURY 
SQUARE;  .  .  .] 

JNdelf   [Nixon.] 

Pub.  by  L  Herbert  Great  Russell  Street  Bloomsbury  Aug^  12  iyg5. 

Engraving.  From  the  'Ode  \ut  supra]  .  .  .,  by  Peregrine  Pindar'.  James 
Lackington  climbs  into  a  coach,  looking  over  his  r.  shoulder  at  a  group  of 
jeering  bystanders  (r.).  His  r.  foot  rests  on  a  pile  of  three  large  books: 
Bible,  Tillotson,  Common  Prayer.  Under  his  r.  arm  is  a  large  volume.  My 
Ozvn  Memoirs.  From  his  pocket  protrudes  a  paper:  Puffs  &  Lies  for  my 
Book.  On  the  coach  are  the  letters  J  L.  The  coachman,  on  the  extreme  1., 
looks  down  at  his  master  with  amusement,  his  hammer-cloth  is  inscribed : 
Small  Profits  do  great  Things.  In  the  foreground  is  an  open  book,  on  one 
page  an  oval  portrait,  on  the  other :  The  first  40  years  of  the  Life  oflL.  This 
a  dog  is  befouling.  The  spectators  are  a  barber's  boy  holding  a  wig,  a 
butcher,  an  old  woman,  and  three  men.  Behind  them  is  a  large  corner 
house,  Lackington's  'Temple  of  the  Muses'  in  Finsbury  Square.  Across 
it  runs  the  inscription  5000  P^  C  cheaper  than  any  Bookseller  in  the  World. 
From  three  open  sash-windows  amused  spectators  look  down  on  Lacking- 
ton.  Others  stand  on  the  flat  roof,  from  which  rises  a  tower  with  a  large  flag. 
Lackington  (1746-1815)  published  in  1791  the  Memoirs,  which  are 
satirized  in  the  Ode  (B.M.L.  644.  k.  24/12);  they  describe  his  successful 
career  as  a  bookseller  by  means  of  selling  cheaply  for  cash,  and  his  pleasure 
at  setting  up  a  country  house  and  coach  (on  which  the  motto  was  'Small 
profits  do  great  things',  op.  cit.,  p.  234).  His  shop,  'The  Temple  of  the 
Muses',  at  the  corner  of  Finsbury  Square,  was  one  of  the  sights  of  London. 
Charles  Knight,  Shadows  of  the  Old  Booksellers,  1865,  pp.  282-3.  Cf. 
No.  9085. 
9i6X7iin- 

222 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1795 

8730  THE  RAPE  OF  PROSERPINE,  A  DRAMATIC TAIL 

Pu¥  Feby  15  iyg$  by  Ja^  Aitken  N"  14  Castle  Stree  Leicester  Square 

Engraving.  Kemble  (1.)  seizes  a  young  woman  round  the  waist,  she 
struggles  to  free  herself;  he  holds  her  1.  hand  in  his  r.,  the  fingers  inter- 
laced. He  wears  a  cloak,  slashed  doublet,  and  hose.  Behind  him  (1.)  is  an 
overturned  chair,  on  the  r.  a  table  from  which  slide  the  ink-stand  and  a 
paper:  \Arti]  cles  of  Agreement .  .  .  Del  Campo  M^  Bombast  She  must  have  no 
objection  to  take  any  Male  Part  whatever  in  either  Tragedy  Comedy  or  Farces 
thats  ojferd  to  Her.  Kemble  tramples  on  an  open  book  (1.):  Rules  for  good 
acting  serving  to  shew  the  late  Dav^  Garricks  mode  of  playing  Erronious  a 
Drawling  delivery  Justifiable  [cf.  No.  7590].  A  woman,  probably  Mrs. 
Kemble,  enters  by  a  door  (r.),  her  1.  hand  raised  in  astonishment.  A  man 
looks  over  her  shoulder. 

On  the  handsome  chimney-piece  is  a  statuette  of  Shakespeare,  a  burlesque 
of  Kent's  monument  in  Westminster  Abbey,  his  r.  forefinger  pointing  down 
at  the  struggle.  He  wears  a  grotesque  mask  which  smiles  sardonically.  On 
the  wall  (r.)  is  a  picture  of  a  woman  wearing  weeds  and  holding  a  little  boy 
by  the  hand  (probably  Kemble's  wife,  the  widow  of  William  Brereton). 
After  the  title: 

III  plunge  into  a  Sea  of  my  Desires 

I II  tear  up  pleasures  by  the  Roots 

And  Quench  my  Fires  tho  I  Drown  my  Fame 

Rochesters  Valentinian  Tragedy 

The  lady  is  Maria  Theresa  De  Camp  (1774-1838),  then  acting  with 
Kemble  at  Drury  Lane,  afterwards  wife  of  Charles  Kemble.  Towards  the 
end  of  1795  Kemble  published  an  apology  in  the  newspapers  for  having 
made  unwelcome  and  over-violent  advances  to  her.  D.N.B.  She  had 
played  Macheath  in  The  Beggar's  Opera  at  the  Haymarket  in  1792. 
Sfxis^in. 

8731  MILITARY  PROMENADE. 

/  Kay  lygs 

Engraving.  A  group  of  six  officers  and  six  ladies  walking  from  r.  to  1.,  all 
in  profile.  In  front  walks  General  Francis  Dundas,  then  Colonel  of  the 
Scots  Brigade  (afterwards  94th).  In  the  centre,  the  tallest  figure,  wearing 
the  cap  and  feather  of  the  Edinburgh  Volunteers,  is  Sir  Harry  Jardine, 
then  a  lieutenant  in  the  corps  and  the  secretary  of  the  Committee  for  raising 
it.  Immediately  behind  him  is  Sir  Robert  Dundas  of  Beechwood,  also  an 
original  member  of  the  Edinburgh  Volunteers.  Behind,  and  in  the  fore- 
ground, is  an  officer  wearing  a  lady's  long  veil  over  his  face ;  he  is  Captain 
Hay  (on  half-pay),  who  occasionally  wore  such  a  veil,  in  retaliation  for  the 
veils  which  ladies  would  pull  down  when  he  ogled  them.  The  last  figure 
(r.)  is  Lord  Eglinton  in  Highland  dress.  He  was  Colonel  of  the  West 
Lowland  Fencibles,  who  wore  the  kilt.  Two  ladies,  wearing  the  same 
heavily  feathered  bonnets  and  military  coats,  are  the  two  eldest  daughters 
of  Sir  William  Maxwell  of  Monreith,  Lt.-Col.  of  the  West  Lowland 
Fencibles,  in  the  uniform  of  their  father's  corps,  as  was  then  fashionable. 
Three  other  ladies  wear  long  transparent  curtain  veils  from  their  hats. 
The  other  persons  are  unidentified.  The  print  well  illustrates  Edinburgh 
society  (and  costume)  during  the  Volunteer  period.  Grass  on  the  ground 

223 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

probably  indicates  the  Meadow  Walks,  a  favourite  promenade.  For  the 
Edinburgh  Volunteers  see  No.  8513. 

'Collection*,  No.  194.  Kay,  No.  cclxxx. 
5igX6iin. 

8732  PETTICOAT  GOVERNMENT  OR  THE  GRAY  MARE  IS  THE 
BETTER  HORSE. 

/.  Kay  fecit  lygs 

Engraving.  An  officer  in  Highland  dress  walks  in  profile  to  the  r.,  driven 
by  a  tall  young  woman,  wearing  the  coat  and  feathered  bonnet  of  a  High- 
land officer,  with  breeches  and  high-heeled  feminine  shoes.  She  holds  the 
strings  of  a  short  petticoat  which  is  round  the  neck  of  the  officer,  and  holds 
a  whip  against  her  r.  shoulder. 

Said  to  be  the  Marquis  of  Breadalbane  and  his  wife.  He  raised  the 
Breadalbane  Fencibles  in  1793.  The  print  is  said  to  have  been  suggested 
by  some  officers  of  the  corps  who  had  been  refused  leave,  and  believed  the 
refusal  due  to  Lady  Breadalbane.  Cf.  a  similar  satire  on  the  Duke  and 
Duchess  of  Gordon,  Nos.  5314,  5315. 

'Collection',  No.  190.    Kay,  No.  ccxlviii. 
5iiX4iin. 

8733  LEITH  VOLUNTEER. 
/.  Kay  fecit  lygS 

Engraving.  A  stout  man  in  Volunteer's  uniform,  wearing  a  large  cocked 
hat  and  a  sword  hanging  from  a  sword-belt  across  his  shoulder,  stands  on 
the  back  of  an  eagle  in  flight,  his  arms  by  his  side,  and  slightly  thrown  back 
as  if  to  display  his  person.  He  looks  at  the  spectator  with  a  complacent 
smile. 

He  is  William  Grinly,  an  auctioneer,  quartermaster  of  the  Leith  Volun- 
teers, embodied  in  1795.  He  was  vain  of  his  appearance  and  was  called 
the  Spread  Eagle  from  his  rotundity  and  a  strange  manner  of  throwing  out 
his  legs  and  arms  in  walking.  For  the  Scottish  Volunteers  cf.  No.  8513,  &c. 

'Collection*,  No.  193.  Kay,  No.  cxcvi. 
8iX5iin. 

8734  TO  THE  RIGHT  ABOUT-FACE 
7.  Kay  lygy 

Engraving.  The  drill-sergeant  of  the  Edinburgh  Volunteers,  Patrick  Gould, 
stands  (1.)  in  profile  to  the  r.,  his  cane  raised,  drilling  an  absurdly  broad 
and  short  volunteer  who  stands  in  back  view,  holding  his  musket. 

A  satire  on  the  civic  portliness  of  the  Edinburgh  Volunteers,  see  No. 
8513.  The  volunteer  is  intended  for  James  Laing,  a  saddler. 

'Collection',  No.  219.  Kay,  No.  clxxxv. 
3jX2|in. 

8735  BILLINGSGATE  BRUTES. 
Rowlondson  [sic]  Del* 

Pub  JavP  j»«  lygs  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly.^ 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).    A  pretty  young 

woman  leans  from  an  open  street-door  towards  a  stout  fishwoman  who  has 

'  Another  imprint  appears  to  have  been  erased ;  this  was  London  publish' d  Sepr  i 
1786,  by  Alex*  M^Kenzie  N"  loi,  Bertvick  Street  Soho. 

224 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES   1795 

planted  a  basket  of  fish  on  the  step.  A  second  fishwoman  stands  beside 
her,  her  basket  on  her  head,  hands  on  her  hips.  The  house  is  a  corner  one, 
the  door  has  a  carved  pediment.  Behind  are  low-gabled  houses  with  case- 
ment windows.   Beneath  the  title : 

That  Fish  Madam 's  sweet!  the  girl  made  no  reply. 

Afraid  of  her  life  {and  to  bid  was  to  buy) 

The  Fagg  gave  a  volley  her  sister  squard  Trim 

Smell  the  fish!  what  it  stinks  Eh?  you  saucy  young  Brim. 
6fX5f  in. 

8736  THE  PRETTY  BARR  MAID. 
[Rowlandson.] 

FuVjaW  22^  J 795  by  S  W  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly^ 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).   A  pretty  young  woman  stands  behind  a 

small  round  table  making  punch ;  she  squeezes  a  lemon.   On  the  table  are 

punch-bowl,  bottles,  and  glass.  Four  elderly  men  (H.L.  and  T.Q.L.)  gaze 

at  her  with  admiration.    One  (r.)  is  an  officer  who  looks  at  her  through 

a  quizzing-glass. 

5|x6|  in.  With  border,  6^X9  in. 

8737  A  MASTER  OF  THE   CEREMONIES   INTRODUCING  A 
PARTNER. 

T,  Rowlandson 

Published  November  24  iyg5  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  the 

Comer  of  Sackville  Street — NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent  out  for 

the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  in  the  Assembly  Rooms,  Bath. 
The  stout  Master  of  the  Ceremonies  brings  up  an  elderly  man  (r.)  who 
bows,  chapeau-bras,  with  an  ingratiating  smile,  to  an  elderly  lady  seated 
against  the  wall  in  profile  to  the  r.  She  looks  at  him  with  a  disparaging 
expression.  In  the  foreground  (1.)  a  young  man  is  talking  ardently  to  a 
pretty  young  woman  who  inspects  the  room  through  an  eye-glass.  In  the 
background  (r.)  couples  are  dancing  with  great  vigour  and  display  of  leg, 
probably  in  a  cotillon  (cf.  No.  7441).  Above  them  and  on  the  extreme 
r.  is  the  musicians'  gallery.  The  wall  is  decorated  by  large  oval  mirrors 
and  candle-sconces.   A  chandelier  hangs  from  the  ceiling. 

The  Master  of  the  Ceremonies  for  the  Upper  or  New  (and  more  impor- 
tant) Rooms  was  Richard  Tyson  (cf.  No.  7229),  for  the  Lower  Mr.  King. 

Also  a  proof,  uncoloured,  without  title  or  imprint. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  326  (reproduction). 
10X14I  in. 

Two  designs  on  one  plate 

8738  HARMONY. 
T  Rowlandson  lygs 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  lady  (1.)  and  a  yeomanry  officer  (r.), 
both  T.Q.L.,  sit  side  by  side.  She  has  an  open  music-book  on  her  lap, 
and  gazes  at  him.  He  wears  a  high  feather-trimmed  cap,  short  tunic,  and 
sabre,  and  is  playing  a  flute. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  173  (reproduction),  174,  describing  an  impression 
dated  1785,  when  the  companion  print  was  Discord. 

*  Another  imprint,  date  1786,  has  been  scored  through. 

225  Q 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8739  LOVE. 

T  Rowlandson  lygS^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  young  man  seated  on  a  settee  embraces 
a  young  woman  who  lies  across  his  knees,  her  head  resting  on  the  arm  of 
the  settee  (r.).   She  kisses  him,  putting  her  arm  round  his  neck. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  328. 
PI.  I2f  X8|  in.  (clipped).  'Caricatures',  ix.  5. 

8740  DR  BOSSY. 
A  Van  Assen  del 

Pub.   Sep.   I.   J795 — Sold  by   W.  Richardson  N°  2  Castle  Street 
Leicester  Square. 

Engraving.  A  scene  in  Covent  Garden,  the  pediment  of  the  church  on  the 
r.,  market  stalls  with  plants  indicated  on  the  extreme  1.  The  doctor,  wear- 
ing a  cocked  hat  and  sword,  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  holding  out  a 
medicine-bottle  to  a  boy  with  a  bandaged  head.  Other  patients  with 
crutches,  a  bandaged  leg,  &c.,  sit  facing  him  in  a  row  of  chairs,  while 
others  stand  behind  (r.).  Behind  the  doctor  is  a  table  with  bottles.  In  the 
background  are  the  houses  of  the  Piazza.  See  No.  8183. 
2|^X3jg  in.   With  border,  3-IX4I  in. 

8741  A  LAUDABLE  PARTNERSHIP  OR  SOULS  AND  BODIES, 
CURED  WITHOUT  LOSS  OF  TIME 

Pu¥  Sepr  3  lygs  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner  of 
Sackville  Street — Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  On  a  small  platform  a  quack  doctor 
stands  on  the  1.,  while  a  dissenting  parson  wearing  bands  sits  on  a  chair  (r.) ; 
both  lean  towards  their  customers.  Behind  is  a  curtain  with  the  inscription 
The  cheapest  Booth  in  the  Fair.  The  quack,  an  open  box  of  medicine-bottles 
beside  him,  holds  out  a  bottle,  saying.  This  is  the  only  cure  my  Dear  Friends 
for  every  disorder  incident  to  the  human  body  but  for  cure  and  comfort  to  your 
Souls  I  must  beg  leave  to  refer  you  to  my  Partner  the  other  side  of  the  stage. 
A  woman  and  a  man  gaze  up  at  him. 

His  partner  holds  out  a  pamphlet  to  an  elderly  woman  who  reaches  up 
eagerly  for  it,  proffering  a  coin.  He  says:  All  my  last  books  of  Sermons 
going  for  two  pence  a  piece  cheaper  by  one  penny  than  you  can  buy  them  on 
those  days  that  I  preaches  in  the  fields:  and  if  any  of  you  ketchd  a  cold  at  that 
time  Fd  advise  you  to  apply  to  my  partner  for  a  bottle  or  two  of  his  Stuff. 
The  heads  and  shoulders  of  two  other  persons  complete  the  audience. 
8fXi3i^gin. 

8742  COUNTRY  AND  TOWN  PHYSICIANS  [?c.  1795] 
Engraving.  A  tall  obese  doctor  (1.)  and  a  shorter  and  much  slighter  one  (r.) 
face  each  other  in  profile.  The  taller,  who  is  dressed  in  an  old-fashioned 
manner,  puts  his  hand  in  his  coat-pocket  and  listens  meditatively  to  the 
other,  who  holds  out  his  hat  and  raises  his  r.  hand.  From  the  latter's 
pocket  issues  a  paper:  Pillula  Salutarian  [sic]. 

The  same  persons  are  depicted  in  No.  8743  by  the  same  artist. 
9X7^  in. 

'  The  date  appears  to  have  been  altered. 

226 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1795 

8743  AMBO  OCCIDERE  PARES.  [?c.  1795] 

Design  in  a  circle.  Coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions.  The  profile 
busts  of  the  two  men  in  No.  8742  are  joined  together  back  to  back,  and 
stand  in  a  dish,  one  head  (1.)  being  much  smaller  than  the  other.  Beside 
the  smaller  are  a  medicine  phial,  syringe,  &c. ;  beside  the  other,  medi- 
cine phial  and  ( ?)  pill-box.  Beneath  the  circle  is  etched : 
The  ^sculapian  Calves  Head  in  a  Dish. 

Thus  Impudence  and  Quackery  combined. 
Produce  a  Janus  of  this  Mongrel  kind 
Thus  Clumsy,  Clownish,  Corpulent,  &  thin. 
They  Join  exact  like  Milton's  Death  &  Sin. 
Diam.  4i|in.  PI.  7|X5|in. 

8744  BEFORE 

R^  Newton  Designd  et  fecit 

London  Pub.  by  W  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  St  lygS 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  courtesan,  impudent  and  alluring, 
stands  with  folded  arms,  returning  the  stare  of  a  rakish-looking  man,  much 
caricatured,  who  stands,  arms  akimbo,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  a  club  under  his 
arm,  his  1.  hand  in  his  coat-pocket.  On  the  r.  a  boy  or  dwarfish  man  holds 
out  a  hand-bill  to  him  inscribed  Leak  (advertising  the  notorious  quack  pill). 
Behind  the  woman,  who  is  fashionably  dressed,  is  the  open  door  of  a  house. 
9|Xi3|in.  (pi.). 

8745  THE  BLUE  DEVILS! 

Design,d  &  Ethd  by  R^  Newton 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland,  Oxford  Street  Feb.  10,  J795. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  An  elderly  invalid  sits  in  an  arm-chair 
in  profile  to  the  1.,  looking  down,  with  gaping  mouth  and  face  distorted 
with  terror.  Round  him  dance  in  a  circle,  holding  hands,  seven  grotesque 
little  naked  demons,  one  wearing  large  jack-boots.  On  a  round  table  (r.) 
are  a  medicine-phial  and  a  book:  Essay  on  the  Power  of  Imagination.  The 
parted  curtains  of  the  bed  form  a  background.  Cf.  No.  9391,  &c. 
i4|X9fin.  'Caricatures',  X.  115. 

8746  TRICKS  UPON  TRAVELLERS. 

Designed  and  Ecthed  by  R^  Newton 

London  Pub  by  W""  Holland  N°  50  Oxford  S  May  13  lyg^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  Jewish  pedlar,  much  caricatured,  with 
his  open  box  strapped  to  his  back,  turns  away  aghast  from  a  sow  and  a 
young  pig  which  run  towards  him.  His  hair  rises  on  his  head.  His  starting 
eye-balls  turn  towards  his  box,  from  which  a  young  pig  looks  out.  In  his 
1.  hand  is  a  pair  of  spectacles ;  others  are  fastened  to  the  lid  of  his  box. 
Behind,  a  butcher  (r.)  clasps  his  sides  in  helpless  laughter.  The  pedlar  has 
just  left  a  small  inn  (r.),  from  the  window  of  which  leans  a  man  smoking 
and  grinning.  In  the  background  (I.)  is  a  cottage. 
9|Xi3f  in.  (pi.). 

227 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8747  HIBERNIAN  SAGACITY  AND  SANG  FROID! 

Drawn  &  Etch'd  by  R  Newton 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland,  Oxford  S^  April  3.  lygs 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  In  the  middle  distance  (1.)  a  well- 
dressed  man  hangs  from  a  tree.  In  the  foreground  (r.)  an  Irish  labourer 
seated  with  folded  arms  on  a  stile  looks  over  his  1.  shoulder  at  two  well- 
dressed  men  who  stand  (r.)  behind  a  low  fence  shaking  their  fists  at  him. 
A  third  runs  towards  the  hanged  man  with  an  expression  of  horror.  In 
the  background  is  a  river  beyond  which  are  bare  fields  in  which  stands  a 
church.  Beneath  the  title:  An  Irish  Gentleman,  deranged  in  his  mind,  made 
two  attempts  one  morning  to  drown  himself,  but  as  he  was  an  expert  swimmer, 
in  spite  of  his  wish  to  die,  he  could  not  help  emerging  from  the  water;  so  making 
to  the  land,  he  tuck'd  himself  up  in  his  garters  on  a  neighbouring  tree;  soon  after, 
a  party  of  his  friends  came  on  foot  in  pursuit  of  him,  and  saw  him  dangling 
in  the  air,  while  an  Irish  cow-keeper  was  whistling  on  a  stile  very  near  perfectly 

unconcerned "Why,  you  thief  \  says  one  of  them  to  the  poor  fellow,  "could 

you  be  after  standing  here  whistling,  and  see  the  poor  Jontleman  tuck  himself 

up,  without  offering  to  cut  him  down!" "Arra,  pon  my  conscience",  says 

Paddy,  "I  was  not  so  impartinent ;  for  as  I  saw  the  Jontleman  come  out  of  the 
water  as  wet  as  a  drowned  rat.  Devil  burn  me,  but  I  thought  he  had  only  hung 
himself  up  to  dry!"   Cf.  No.  8748. 
9|xi5|in. 

8748  S[?OME  BL']UNDERS  OR  IRISH  BULLS. 

Neddy  Naboulish  Pinx^from  Nature 

Pu¥  Felf  14  1795  by  S  W  Fores  N°  3  Piccadilly  where  may  be  se[en 

the  largest  Collection  of  Carica^]tures  in  Europe  Admit',  j*   Folios 

of  Caricatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  on  a  curving  road  leading  to 
a  bridge  over  a  stream  in  flood ;  a  post  is  inscribed  To  Ring's  End.  A  man 
in  back  view  is  clumsily  seated  on  a  rough-looking  horse  which  has  just 
lost  a  shoe,  carrying  on  his  head  a  trunk  labelled  S^  Dennis  Doylwith  Speed; 
he  kicks  his  apparently  stationary  mount.  In  the  stream  is  a  thatched 
hovel  (1.)  with  the  sign:  Good  dry  lodgings;  a  man  walks  from  it  through 
the  water  carrying  a  child  and  a  young  pig.  His  wife  stands  on  the  bank 
wringing  out  her  petticoat,  while  a  large  pig  struggles  to  land.  A  cow  looks 
from  the  window,  two  cats  are  on  the  roof. 

A  board  on  the  bridge  is  inscribed  Dangerous  when  you  See  the  2  Small 
Posts  in  the  Water  become  Invisable — if  you  cant  Read  Inquire  at  Davy 
Drench's  whole  tell  you  all  about  tt.  A  sailing-boat  has  collided  with  the 
bridge,  and  large  stones  fall  on  the  heads  of  its  two  occupants. 

On  the  r.  is  a  large  tree ;  a  man  sits  astride  a  branch  which  he  chops  off", 
while  a  m.an  who  holds  a  rope  attached  to  it  is  looking  quizzically  over  his 
shoulder  at  the  rider  carrying  the  trunk.  Man  and  branch  are  about  to 
fall  on  a  barrow  laden  with  crockery.  On  the  tree-trunk  is  a  board  on 
which  timber- workers  are  depicted  with  the  inscription: 

My  honest  Frinnds  as  you  pass  by 
Were  hard  at  work  and  very  dry. 

'  Mutilated. 
228 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1795 

In  the  foreground  (r.)  a  man  amusedly  points  out  the  pending  accident 
to  a  woman  holding  a  child  who  stands  beside  him.   At  their  feet  sits  a 
child  eating  out  of  the  same  dish  as  a  lean  pig.   Cf.  No.  8747. 
13!  X2of  in. 

8749  YOUNG  LADIES. 

G  M  Woodward  Del  I  C  [I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

London  Pub:  June  7  ijgS  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of 
Sackville  St 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  elderly  hags  are  dressed  as  young 
girls,  and  leeringly  imitate  a  girlish  simper.  One  (perhaps  the  school- 
mistress) sits  on  a  chair  under  a  tree  (r.)  reading  to  the  others,  from 
Juvenel  [sic]  a  Novel.  In  her  1.  hand  is  another  book.  An  Ode  to  Beauty. 
Beside  her  sits  a  dog  clipped  in  the  French  manner.  The  others  stand  facing 
her,  one  closing  her  eyes  and  clasping  her  hands,  the  other,  who  holds  a 
fan,  leers  at  her  companion.  These  two  wear  nosegays.  All  have  high- 
waisted  dress  with  sashes.  The  reader  wears  a  straw  hat  tied  on  with  a 
scarf.  Behind  her  is  a  tree  on  whose  trunk  letters  are  carved:  W  and  /  C 
(for  the  artists).  In  the  background  (1.)  is  the  corner  of  a  house  inscribed 
Young  Ladies  Genteely  Boarded  &  Educated  by  A  Bidl.  No.  9312  is  a 
companion  print. 
ii|X9|  in. 

8750  [PARSON  AND  DOG.] 

Published  as  the  Act  directs  by  Pearce,  Bookseller,  A^"  yo,  Dean  Street, 
Soho,  10  Jany  1795^ 

Engraving.  No  title.  A  parson,  bald-headed,  his  gown  flying  behind  him, 
hurries  forward  after  a  dog  running  off  (r.)  with  his  wig  in  its  mouth.    On 
the  ground  (1.)  is  a  broad-brimmed  hat.    Behind  (r.)  is  a  church  among 
trees.  Probably  by  an  amateur, 
i2iX9|in.  (pi.). 

8751  MIDNIGHT  REVELS. 

John  Nixon  lygS  Etch'd  by  R  Newton 

London  Pub  by  W  Holland  N°  50  Oxford  St  June  10  lygS 

Engraving.  An  elderly  couple,  wearing  nightcaps,  lean  out  from  a  casement 
window  to  punish  a  number  of  plump  cats  who  are  howling  and  gambolling 
on  the  roof  above  their  heads.  The  old  woman  holds  up  a  broom,  the  man 
holds  a  pot  whose  contents  he  is  about  to  throw.  Other  cats  are  on  adjacent 
roofs,  and  are  dislodging  tiles.  In  the  background,  above  the  roofs  (r.)  is 
a  square  gothic  church  tower,  and  below  (1.)  is  a  house. 
i6jxii|  in. 

8751a  MIDNIGHT  REVELS. 

Another  version  (coloured)  of  No.  8751,  reversed,  and  differing  in  details, 
the  design  cut  off  just  below  the  window  from  which  the  couple  lean.  The 
man  says:  Let  me  at  them  Katty  Coogan  I'll  give  them  a  dose  of  my  Double 
Soda  Water!! 

1 1^ X  8|  (cropped).  'Caricatures',  x.  40. 

'  Another  imprint  has  been  erased. 

229 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8752  THE  CRITIC.  [?  c.  1795]' 

Designed  by  H  Wigstead 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  youngish  man,  pen  in  hand,  sits  look- 
ing at  the  spectator,  resting  his  head  on  his  1.  hand,  his  elbow  supported 
on  the  (single)  arm  of  his  chair.  A  lean  cat  sits  at  his  feet.  His  r.  hand 
rests  on  a  small  table  on  which  are  papers  and  ink-stand.  The  room  is 
poverty-stricken,  with  a  raftered  ceiling,  casement  window,  and  a  piece  of 
meat  dangling  by  a  string  in  front  of  the  fire.  On  the  floor  are  two  folio 
volumes,  a  pitcher,  and  a  bowl.  On  the  wall  bills  or  prints  are  pasted,  one 
inscribed  Theatrical .  .  .  Puffs  House  of  Commons. 
9|X9in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  198. 

8753  A  DECENT  STORY. 

[Gillray] 

Pu¥  Nov"  9'*  1795.  by  H.  Humphrey,  N°  J7,  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  man  (r.),  seated  at  a  round 
table,  tells  a  story  to  a  parson  on  his  1.,  who  grins  broadly.  Two  women 
fix  the  raconteur  with  expressions  of  absorbed  amusement,  while  an  officer 
is  more  frankly  amused  at  watching  the  lady  on  his  r.  All  are  elderly.  On 
the  table  are  a  decanter  of  Port  and  glasses.  A  patterned  carpet  completes 
the  design.   From  a  sketch  by  an  amateur. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  198.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  412.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  261. 
7iX9ii  ^^'  With  border,  8|x  iif  in. 

8753  A  A  copy  faces  p.  138  in  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 

6|X9|  in.  With  border,  yfx  10 J  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

8754  PARASOLS,  FOR  1795. 

f  Qy  des.  etfed 

Pu¥  June  15*^  1795.  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  37,  New  Bond  Stre 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  A  man  and  woman 
dressed  in  a  burlesque  of  the  fashion  walk  mincingly  in  back  view.  He 
leads  her  by  the  hand ;  she  holds  out  in  her  1.  hand  a  tiny  fringed  parasol, 
the  hinged  stick  bent  at  a  right  angle.  Her  small  straw  hat  of  masculine 
shape  is  trimmed  with  three  enormous  aigrettes  of  straw ;  her  hair  covers 
her  back  like  a  cape,  and  her  dress  hangs  limply  round  her  ankles.  The 
man  wears  a  hat  with  a  round  crown  of  usual  size  with  an  enormous  brim 
curving  upwards  at  the  sides  and  bent  down  back  and  front,  so  that  it  covers 
his  shoulders.  He  is  thin  and  elongated,  with  tail-coat,  long  breeches, 
striped  stockings,  and  half-boots  of  Hessian  cut.   In  his  r.  hand  is  a  cane. 

The  parasol,  which  anticipates  the  Victorian  carriage-parasol,  is  in 
striking  contrast  to  the  earlier  type,  with  a  long  stick  used  as  a  walking- 
stick,  cf.  No.  5518  (1778).  See  No.  8756. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.   197  (small  copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  405. 
Reproduced,  Paston,  PL  xliv;  Fuchs,  p.  281. 
ii|x9  in. 

'  Pub.  Fores,  21  June  1796.  A.  de  R.  v.  70. 
230 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1795 

8755  A  LADY  PUTTING  ON  HER  CAP— JUNE  1795. 
[Gillray] 

Pu¥  June  jo'*  1795,  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  J7,  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  lady  sits  in  back  view  before  a  tall 
pier-glass,  twisting  a  piece  of  drapery  round  her  head.  Two  young  women 
(r.)  hold  up  festoons  of  the  immensely  long  drapery,  the  end  of  which  trails 
across  the  floor  and  is  worried  by  a  small  dog,  shaved  in  the  French  manner. 
The  glass  is  surmounted  by  an  earl's  coronet  and  decorated  by  triple  ostrich 
plumes,  suggesting  that  the  lady,  who  wears  a  loose  wrapper,  may  be  Lady 
Jersey.  The  mirror  is  lit  by  two  candles.  Through  a  window  (r.)  is  a 
crescent  moon,  sinking  into  clouds.  The  second  attendant  wears  a  hat, 
suggesting  that  she  is  a  milliner.  Both  are  dressed  in  the  short-waisted 
fashion  of  the  day  (cf.  No.  8571).  An  elaborate  bowl  of  flowers  stands  on 
a  pedestal  or  small  ornate  table.  A  patterned  carpet  covers  the  floor. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  197.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  409.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.y 
1830.   Reproduced,  Paston,  PI.  lii. 
8fxii|in.  With  border,  9fxi2f  in. 

8756  A  BUNDLE  OF  STRAW. 
O'Keeffe  Ini/  et  Sculp 

July  12  Pu¥:  by  S:  W:  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  1795 
Engraving.  A  stout  and  flamboyant  womans  walks  to  the  1.,  looking  to  the 
r.,  her  dress  bristling  with  trimmings  and  ornaments  of  straw.  Her  straw 
hat  is  trimmed  with  flowers  and  feathers  made  of  straw,  a  sheaf  of  corn 
forms  its  crown.  Her  girdle,  chatelaine,  hair-tie,  &c.  are  of  plaited  straw ; 
a  large  sheaf  of  straw  flowers  projects  from  her  bosom,  similar  flowers 
ornament  her  shoes.  Her  dress  is  sprinkled  with  ears  of  corn,  and  she 
wears  a  ring  and  large  earring  of  straw.  Beneath  the  title:  "My  Spouse 
is  Remarkable  Tastey  in  his  Dress,  &  he  likes  to  see  me  So. 

From  the  last  few  years  of  the  eighteenth  century  there  was  a  great 
increase  in  the  English  straw-plait  industry  owing  to  the  war,  which  cut 
off  the  foreign  supply.   It  was  fostered  by  charitable  ladies ;  cf.  Nos.  8754, 
8757.   A  copy  in  No.  8765. 
I  if  X  9  in. 

8757  WAGGONERS  FROCKS  OR  NO  BODYS  OF  1795 

Pu¥  Aug'*  4  1795  by  S  W  Fores  N"  30  Piccadilly  the  Corner  of  Sack- 

vill  Street.  Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Four  ladies  stand  displaying  burlesques 
of  the  most  recent  fashions;  their  dresses  all  hang  from  a  line  slightly 
below  the  neck  and,  though  varying  in  length,  display  the  ankles.  That 
of  a  very  fat  lady  has  a  globular  contour.  The  sleeves,  all  long,  vary  con- 
siderably; two  have  large  puffs  to  the  elbow.  Hats  and  hairdressing  are 
also  satirized,  showing  the  fashion  for  hair  hanging  down  the  back,  or 
falling  on  the  shoulders  and  looped  up.  Bunches  of  straw  (see  No.  8756) 
trim  two  of  the  hats.  The  slippers  are  heelless  or  low-heeled.  A  lady  (1.) 
whose  dress  reaches  only  to  the  calves  and  defines  her  legs,  wears  cross- 
gartered  stockings,  imitating  the  French  shoes  *en  cothurne'  (cf.  No.  9328). 
See  No.  8758. 

Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  xlix. 
14X  II  in. 

231 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8758  A  FASHIONABLE  INFORMATION  FOR  LADIES  IN  THE 
COUNTRY 

Pub  De(f  g.  1795  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner  of  Sack- 

ville  Street — NB  Folios  of  Caricatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  lady  stands  full-face,  arms  extended 
to  display  her  striped  dress  which  hangs  straight  from  neck  to  ankles.  The 
sleeves  are  full,  reaching  half-way  between  elbow  and  wrist.  Two  watches 
with  seals  hang  from  her  neck,  to  indicate  that  the  waist  is  at  that  place. 
She  wears  a  turban  (see  No.  8755)  trimmed  with  two  feathers.  Beneath 
the  title :  The  present  fashion  is  the  most  easy  and  graceful  imaginable — it  is 
simply  this — The  petticoat  is  tied  round  the  neck  and  the  arms  put  through  the 
pocket-holes!!! 

See  No.  8757.  This  fashion  temporarily  modified  the  tendency  to  the 
increasing  definition  of  the  figure  below  clinging  draperies,  cf.  No.  9457,  &c. 
I2|X9  i^- 

8759  A  SCARE-CROW. 
Will.  Hanlon  del  et  Sculpt. 

Pub.  July  11^^  1795  by  S.  W  Fores.  50  Corner  Sackville  S*  Piccadilly 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  thin  elderly  woman  stands  full-face, 
looking  sourly  to  the  1.,  holding  out  her  r.  arm,  from  which  an  enormous  fan 
points  to  the  ground.  Her  1.  arm  is  akimbo.  She  wears  a  short-waisted 
dress  with  a  separate  train;  her  drooping  breasts  are  defined  by  drapery, 
her  thin  arms  by  tight-fitting  sleeves;  her  neck  is  heavily  swathed.  Her 
hair  falls  down  her  back  from  a  twisted  turban  (see  No.  8755)  decorated 
with  a  group  of  erect  ostrich-feathers,  and  a  huge  brush-aigrette.  She 
wears  large  earrings,  and  an  oval  medallion  is  suspended  from  her  neck 
on  a  heavy  chain. 

A  copy  in  No.  8765. 
I2|x8f  in. 

8760  LICENSED  TO  WEAR  THE  BREECHES. 
Will  Hanlon  Sculpt. 

Pub.  June  i,  1795  by  S  W.  Fores  Piccadilly. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  short  fat  man,  much  caricatured, 
stands  directed  slightly  to  the  r.,  looking  at  the  spectator,  his  fingers  spread 
in  a  deprecatory  gesture.  He  is  grotesquely  dressed  in  an  attempt  to  follow 
the  fashion.  His  long  breeches  reach  almost  to  his  ankles,  and  resemble 
trousers.  He  wears  a  bulky  ill-fitting  spencer  (see  No.  8192)  over  his  coat. 
His  hat  is  round  with  a  curved  brim,  his  swathed  neckcloth  terminates 
in  a  bow.  His  short  striped  waistcoat  does  not  reach  below  the  ends  of  his 
neckcloth.  From  it  hangs  a  ribbon  in  place  of  a  watch  and  seals.  Under 
his  1.  arm  is  a  bludgeon.  Beside  him  (r.)  is  a  small  dog.  Beneath  the  title: 
Did  you  ever  see  such  a  Fool  as  my  Wife  has  made  of  me? 
iofx8|in. 

8761  A  SCARAMOUCH. 
Will  Hanlon  del  et  Sculpt. 

Pub:  July  ii*^  1795  by  S  W.  Fores  50  Corner  Sackville  Street 

Piccadilly. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).   A  man  stands  full-face,  r.  hand  on  his 
hip,  1.  hand  on  the  head  of  a  tall  cane.    He  wears  a  wide-brimmed  hat 

232 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES   1795 

curving  upwards  at  the  sides,  his  neck  and  cheeks  are  swathed,  he  wears  a 
spencer  (see  No.  8192)  over  his  coat,  and  a  short  double-breasted  waist- 
coat, with  wide  revers.  From  his  high  waist  hangs  a  heavy  chain  with  seal 
and  watch-key  inscribed  S.  His  long  breeches  reach  below  his  calves  and 
descend  into  spurred  half-boots  with  deep  tops.  His  cane  is  swathed  with 
a  scarf.  A  copy  in  No.  8765. 
i2X8-|  in. 

8762  HE  WOULD  IF  HE  COULD!! 
W  Hanlon  Del.  et  Sculpt 

Pub,  July  4^  1795  by  S  W.  Fores  Corner  of  Sackville  S*  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  small  thin  man,  his  hands  in  his  waist- 
coat pockets,  stands  full-face  between  two  robust  courtesans.  One  (1.), 
dressed  in  the  fashion  of  the  day  with  high-waisted  dress,  and  tall  feathers 
in  her  hair,  a  large  fan  hanging  from  her  wrist,  seizes  his  r.  arm.  The 
other,  a  burly  woman  (r.)  wearing  a  hat  and  pelisse,  puts  her  hand  on  his 
r.  shoulder;  in  her  1.  hand  is  a  birch-rod. 
8|Xi2|in. 

8763  WHIMS  OF  THE  MOMENT  OR  THE  BEDFORD  LEVEL!! 
G  Woodward  del:  [L  Cruikshank  f.] 

London  Pub  N°  20  iyg$  by  S  W  Fores  N°  $o  Piccadilly  NB  Folios 
of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  design  in  two  compartments.  On  the 
1.  a  well-dressed  man  staggers  back  in  horror  as  he  regards  his  queue  of 
hair  which  he  holds  in  his  r.  hand.  His  hair  has  been  roughly  cropped  at 
the  back  of  the  neck.   He  says : 

Tis  gone, — and  like  the  baseless  fabric  of  a  Vision, — left  not  a  zoreck  behind. 
Behind  him  is  a  table  on  which  are  a  decanter  and  glass. 

On  the  r.  a  plainly  dressed  farmer's  wife  gazes  with  horror  at  her  hus- 
band (1.)  who  stands  with  his  back  to  her,  grinning,  his  hands  deep  in  his 
coat-pockets,  his  hat  under  his  arm.  She  says :  Bless  me  our  John — tohat 
hast  thee  done  with  thy  toil?  He  answers,  Dock'd  un,  to  be  the  go!  His  hair 
is  cropped  showing  an  ugly  expanse  of  neck. 

The  handsome  Duke  of  Bedford  was  noted  for  his  cropped  hair.   For 
the  Bedford  Level  see  No.  8639. 
8i|xi3i|in. 

8764  TIME  HAS  NOT  THIN'D  MY  FLOWING  HAIR!! 

C  Churchill  [PO'Keefe.] 

Pub  July  13  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street  [?  1795] 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  An  elderly  and  ugly 
woman  sings  to  a  guitar.  She  sits,  directed  to  the  1.,  on  a  stool  on  which 
is  a  tasselled  cushion.  She  wears  the  flowing  hair,  feathered  turban  with 
brush  aigrette,  and  the  high-waisted  dress  of  1795.  Her  fingers  are  sharply 
pointed  and  her  angular  knees  are  defined  by  her  dress.  The  background 
is  a  wall  with  a  panelled  dado  and  striped  wall-paper  common  in  prints 
of  about  this  date. 
8iX7i\in. 

233 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8765  THE  FASHIONABLES,  1795.  [i  Oct.  1795] 

Engraving.  PI.  to  the  Hibernian  Magazine.  Three  W.L.  standing  figures 
copied  from  Nos.  8756,  8761,  8759,  the  original  title  engraved  over  each. 
7isX  i3i  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154.  k. 

8766  D N'D  HOT 

Dighton  fecit  N°  12  Charing  Cross  [}  c.  1795]' 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  cit  (H.L.),  directed  to  the  r.,  his 
head  in  profile,  raises  his  wig  to  mop  his  head.  His  nose  is  carbuncled; 
he  wears  a  loose  neckcloth  and  double-breasted  waistcoat.    Copied  in 

No.  8563,  with  the  companion  pi.  (not  in  B.M.):  'D n'd  Cold'. 

6|x6  in. 

8767  I  VONT  TAKE  A  FARDEN  LESS. 

Dighton  fecit  Charing  Cross  [}  c.  1795]' 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    An  obese  butcher  (T.Q.L.),  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  leans  back  from  the  waist,  sucking  a  long  pipe  held  in  his  r.  hand. 
His  ill-fitting  wig  is  perched  on  a  bald  head.   He  wears  apron  and  over- 
sleeves, a  steel  hanging  from  his  waist.   Copied  in  No.  8563. 
6|x  sit  in. 

8767  A  I  VON'T  TAKE  A  FARDEN  LESS. 

38s    Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yardy  London. 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).    A  copy  of  No.  8767  in  an  oval,  with 
alterations:  the  figure  is  H.L.   The  butcher  smokes  his  pipe,  and  in  his  r. 
hand  is  a  knife.   The  wig  is  made  better  fitting  by  the  addition  of  a  curl. 
For  the  series  see  Nos.  8417,  &c.,  8768,  8769,  8917,  &c. 
5/gX4jg  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  122. 

8768  I  SAY  NOTHING. 

[Dighton  del.] 

386  Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yard,  London.  [}  c.  1795] 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).    Design  in  an  oval.    A  man  (H.L.)  in 
profile  to  the  r.,  slyly  holds  his  thumb  and  forefinger  against  his  nose. 
His  hair  falls  on  his  collar  from  under  a  powdered  wig. 
5IX4I  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  123. 

8769  A  GUINEA-PIG. 
[Dighton  del.] 

387  Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yard,  London.  [}  c.  1795] 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  A  foppish  man 
(H.L.)  in  profile  to  the  1.,  holds  up  and  closely  inspects  a  licence  to  wear 
hair-powder  (see  No.  8628):  Stamp  Office  Certificate,  N"  ly 02,  June  iyg5 
— No  50  Lombard  S^  for  the  year  lygs  London  District  [signed]  W.  Gillman. 

'  Not  later  than  1794.   See  No.  8563. 
234 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL   SATIRES   1795 

His  powdered  hair  or  wig  frames  his  face  and  falls  in  a  queue.   He  wears 
a  round  hat  and  voluminous  neckcloth.   Under  his  1.  arm  is  a  cane.   For 
the  powder-tax  see  No.  8629,  &c. 
5IX4I  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  123. 

8770-8778 
Series  of  'Drolls' 

8770  A  VESTRY  DINNER.     149 

Published  21'^  April  1795  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53,  Fleet  Street^ 
London. 

Engraving.  Six  members  of  a  parish  vestry,  seated  at  a  round  dinner- 
table  whose  top  stretches  across  the  design,  guzzle  rapaciously.  In  a  door- 
way (r.)  a  thin  and  ragged  man  stands  raising  his  hat  and  holding  out  a 
paper  inscribed  Spare  me  a  Bit  your  Worships.  A  beadle  pushes  him  back 
with  a  stick,  saying,  Keep  off  you  Hungry  Dog.  On  the  wall  is  a  notice: 
Vestry  Creed.   Sit  See  &  Say  Nothing.  Eat  Drink  &  pay  Nothing. 

Vestrymen  dine  at  the  expense  of  the  Poor  Rate,  as  in  No.  6877.    See 
also  No.  9639. 
6|X9|in. 


8771  DEBATING  SOCIETY.  152  [1795] 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  (plebeian)  debaters  (T.Q.L.)  argue 
angrily  with  each  other,  disregarding  the  speaker  on  the  rostrum  (1.)  who 
shouts  with  raised  hammer.  One  man  stops  his  ears.  On  the  wall :  a  print 
of  an  ass's  head  braying,  and  a  placard:  Debate  this  Evening.  Whether  a 
Man's  Wig  should  be  Dress' t  with  Honey  or  Mustard!  Beneath  the  title: 
( Substitute  for  Hair  Powder)  |  Silence  Gentlemen!  to  Order!  to  Order,  Only 
ten  Speak  at  a  time!  for  if  you  all  Bray  together,  it 's  impossible  to  decide  on 
this  important  Question.  Imprint  cut  off. 

For  the  hair-powder  tax  see  No.  8629,  &c.  Cf.  The  Robin  Hood  Society ^ 
No.  6331  (1783). 
^T^^9\  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  138. 

8772  MAY  DAY— OR  JACK  IN  THE  GREEN.    153 
[?I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  2cfi^  June,  lygS  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53,  Fleet  Street^ 

London. 
Engraving.  A  street  scene.  An  elderly  man  and  woman,  wearing  tawdry 
finery,  dance  opposite  each  other,  to  the  music  of  a  wooden-legged  fiddler 
(1.).  Between  and  behind  them  a  grinning  face  looks  from  a  pyramid  of 
greenery,  supported  on  the  feet  of  the  Jack  in  the  Green.  A  couple  of 
chimney-sweeps  dance  in  the  middle  distance  on  the  extreme  r.,  and  in 
the  background  (1.)  two  other  climbing-boys  on  a  tiny  scale  dance  together. 
Beneath  the  title: 

We'll  banish  Care,  and  all  his  Train 

Nor  thought  of  Sadness  round  us  play 

Fly  distant  hence,  corroding  pain 

For  happiness  shall  crown  this  Day. 
Cf.  May-day  in  London,  No.  6740. 
6|X9iin. 

235 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8773  TAP-ROOM  POLITICIANS.     154 
[?  I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  Jj**  July  1795.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53,  Fleet  Street, 

London. 
Engraving.  The  top  of  a  rectangular  table  stretches  across  the  design, 
surrounded  by  artisans,  &c.,  who  listen  with  eager  satisfaction  to  one  who 
reads  a  newspaper.  Pipes,  a  tobacco-box,  and  a  frothing  tankard  are  on 
the  table.  A  tailor  holds  a  pair  of  shears,  a  barber  has  a  comb  stuck  in 
his  hair.  On  three  shelves  pewter  tankards  are  ranged  upside  down.  A 
clock  points  to  8.20.  Beneath  the  title:  (Settling  the  Affairs  of  the  Nation.) 

For  this  favourite  theme  cf.  No.  5074,  &c. 

8774  PUNCH'S  PUPPET  SHEW.     161 
[?  I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  12*^  Sep'  lygS-  by  Laurie  &  Whittle.  5J  Fleet  Street,  London. 
Engraving.  Street  scene.  The  showman  (r.)  stands  in  profile  to  the  r. 
looking  up  at  Punch  and  Judy  who  perform  on  their  tiny  stage,  the 
supports  of  which  are  covered  by  a  checked  material.  A  monkey  wearing 
a  cocked  hat  and  coat  stands  on  his  shoulder  and  takes  an  apple  from  the 
basket  on  the  head  of  an  apple-woman.  A  man  plays  a  hurdy-gurdy  in 
the  foreground  on  the  extreme  r.  The  spectators  gaze  up  intensely  amused  : 
A  milkman  (1.),  his  yoke  on  his  shoulder,  has  put  down  his  pail,  from  which 
a  second  monkey  dressed  as  a  woman  is  drinking.  A  young  woman  holds 
out  a  hat  for  coins,  while  she  picks  the  pocket  of  a  spectator.  A  third 
monkey  crouches  on  the  ground.   Beneath  the  title: 

Now  's  the  Time  for  Mirth  &  Glee, — Sing  &  Laugh  &  Dance  with  me. 
7iX9iin. 

8775  MELTING  MOMENTS.     162 
[?I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  :f  Ocf  1795.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street,  London. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  and  apoplectic  citizen  toils  up  a 
grassy  slope  heavily  burdened  with  a  little  girl  and  a  bag  of  bottles.  He 
holds  his  hat  in  one  hand,  a  stick  terminating  in  a  stag's  head  in  the  other. 
The  child  holds  up  a  toy  and  clutches  her  father's  neckcloth.  His  pretty 
young  wife  walks  clinging  to  her  husband's  arm  and  holding  his  wig,  but 
looks  languishingly  towards  a  fashionably  dressed  man  (1.)  who  holds 
behind  his  back  a  letter  addressed  Noodle.  A  little  boy  clutches  her  petti- 
coats. In  the  background  (r.)  is  a  path  across  fields,  dotted  with  pedes- 
trians, leading  to  London,  St.  Paul's  being  conspicuous.  Beneath  the 
design  are  twelve  lines  of  verse : 

No  more  to  Primrose  Hill  she'll  go 
But  dash  away  to  Brighton  ho 
Now  mount  the  Airy  Pheaton 
And  quit  old  Noodle,  for  S''  John 

For  the  Sunday  outing  of  the  *cit'  (traditionally  a  cuckold)  cf.  No. 
^  ^'      '  'Caricatures',  ii.  140. 

236 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1795 

8776  EFFECTS  OF  TRAGEDY.     163 
[?I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Publtsh'd  12  Nov^  1795,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle  Fleet  Street  London. 

Engraving.  A  theatre  seen  diagonally  from  the  pit,  with  the  stage  on  the  r., 
two  side  boxes  forming  a  background.  On  the  stage  a  man  in  quasi- 
classical  dress  holds  a  dripping  dagger,  a  woman  lies  at  his  feet;  through 
an  open  door  the  prompter  is  seen.  The  audience  is  much  disturbed:  in 
the  foreground  a  stout  citizen  holds  a  smelling-bottle  to  the  nose  of  his 
(apparently)  fainting  young  wife;  she  takes  a  note  from  a  young  man  on 
the  bench  behind  her.  Behind  stands  a  bearded  Jew.  In  the  stage-box 
two  seated  figures  resemble  the  King  and  Queen,  a  man  standing  behind 
resembles  Pitt.  Cf.  No.  9098. 
6|x8|in. 

8777  RAISING  EVIL  SPIRITS.     164 
[?  I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  2&^  Nov.  1795  by  Laurie  &   Whittle.  53  Fleet  Street 
London. 

Engraving.  A  wizard,  much  caricatured,  is  seated  (r.)  at  a  table,  his  1.  hand 
pointing  at  a  book  of  cabalistic  signs,  and  resting  on  the  tail  of  a  serpent 
which  coils  round  his  arm.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  wand  pointing  to  a  swarm 
of  grotesque  demons  shooting  up  among  flames  from  a  circular  hole  in 
the  floor.  Two  terrified  spectators,  a  woman  clutching  a  man,  stand  within 
a  small  circle  on  the  1.,  round  the  outside  of  which  a  serpent  is  darting. 
A  crocodile  is  suspended  over  the  wizard;  an  owl  sits  on  his  head,  a  cat 
beside  him  miaows;  a  skull  advances  across  the  floor  supported  on  tiny 
elongated  limbs. 
6|X9|in. 

8778  SNAP  DRAGON.     165 
[?  I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  Dec""  12*^  I795-  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N°  5J,  Fleet  Street 
London. 

Engraving.  Six  country  people  surround  a  flaming  bowl  on  a  small  round 
table.  A  man  jocosely  holds  a  terrified  cat  over  the  bowl  to  force  it  to  pull 
out  a  raisin.  A  man  wearing  a  shirt  or  surplice  stands  with  both  arms  held 
up,  from  one  hand  dangles  a  ( ?)  burnt  rag.  A  mastiff  (r.)  snarls  at  the  cat. 
^liXQfsin. 


237 


1796 

POLITICAL  SATIRES 

8779  THE  PRESENTATION— OR— THE  WISE  MEN'S  OFFERING. 
J"  Gy  d.  etfecK 

Pu¥  JaW  9**1  179^'  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  stout  and  florid 
woman  holds  up  on  her  two  large  hands  the  baby  princess,  face  down- 
wards. The  infant  holds  out  her  arms  towards  the  Prince  of  Wales,  who 
advances  tipsily  through  a  doorway  (r.),  and  touches  her  hand.  He  is 
dishevelled,  with  unlatched  shoes  and  ungartered  stockings;  his  garter, 
inscribed  honi  soil,  dangles  round  his  r,  leg.  He  is  followed  by  M.  A. 
Taylor,  on  the  extreme  r.,  who  carries  on  his  head  a  wicker  cradle  orna- 
mented with  the  Prince's  feathers. 

Behind  the  infant  are  Fox  and  Sheridan,  stooping  obsequiously  to  kiss 
her  posteriors ;  Fox  clutches  her  long  robe  which  reaches  to  the  floor.  In 
the  background  rows  of  guests  are  freely  sketched,  drinking  ( ?)  caudle 
from  two-handled  cups.  The  two  on  the  extreme  1.  and  in  the  front  row 
resemble  Sandwich  and  Erskine  (to  whom  a  man  (not  dressed  as  a  servant) 
hands  a  tray  of  steaming  cups). 

The  Princess  Charlotte  was  born  on  7  Jan.   See  also  Nos.  8781,  8785. 

The  title  of  this  print  is  said  to  have  caused  proceedings  against  Gillray 
in  the  Ecclesiastical  Court.   Grego,  p.  25. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  199.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  142.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8|Xi3iin. 

8780  A  THINKING  CLUB!! 

[?  Woodward  del.] 

Pu¥  JarC  25  i'/g6  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sackville 
Street  NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Six  elderly  citizens  sit  round  a  table  lit 
by  two  candles.  All  are  muzzled,  with  straps  fixed  tightly  over  their 
mouths.  One  raises  his  clenched  fist,  as  if  speaking.  On  the  wall  are  two 
large  placards :  Question  to  be  thought  on  this  Evening  How  long  may  toe  be 
permitted  to  Think?  Above  the  chairman  (1.):  Rules  to  be  observed  \  by  \  The 
Thinking  Club  \  Chair  to  be  taken  at  eight  \  To  prevent  any  Member  from  \ 
Letting  his  tongue  run  \  Constitutional  Muzzles  \  are  sold  at  the  door  \  That 
mum  be  the  Order  of  the  day  \  The  President  to  signify  the  \  subject  to  be 
thought  on  in  \  writing  in  a  conspicuous  Part  of  the  room. 

A  satire  on  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Bills,  see  No.  8687,  &c.  Farington 
notes,  24  Jan.  1796:  *Mr  Pitt  was  also  informed  of  a  Society  having  been 
estabUshed  by  the  Jacobins,  since  the  Sedition  Bills  passed,  where  the 
members  ...  sit  with  a  kind  of  muzzle  over  their  mouths,  and  converse 
only  by  signs  and  writing.  Pitt  laughed  at  the  ridiculous  description.* 
Farington  Diary,  i.  137.  Cf.  Axon,  Annals  of  Manchester,  p.  122,  and  No. 
8693,  &c.  The  German  print,  Der  Denker-Club,  c.  1820,  is  based  upon  this 

'  The  9  appears  to  have  been  etched  over  a  10. 
238 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

print;  it  is  reversed  and  has  two  additional  figures.      (Reproduction, 

Fuchs,  p.  242.) 

8|xi3iin. 

8781  THE  BIRTH  OF  A  PRINCESS!! 
[Woodward  delin. 

Pu¥  Jan^  2g  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sackville 
Street  Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening.  Prints  and 
Drawings  lent  out  on  the  Plan  of  a  Circulating  Library. y 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Ten  single  figures  arranged  in  two  rows, 
their  words  etched  above  their  heads.  An  artisan  wearing  an  apron  waves 
his  hat,  saying:  Huzza!  Huzza!  No  Popery! — rare  news  for  Old  England. 
A  thin  and  dour  old  woman  says:  Nine  Months — wanting  one  day!!  A 
buxom  and  jovial  woman,  standing  full-face,  says,  /  should  like  to  be  Wet 
Nurse.  A  dissenting  preacher  with  lank  hair  says,  /  will  make  a  sarmon 
on  the  occasion, — and  extort  all  the  willageH  The  tattered  and  dishevelled 
inmate  of  a  debtor's  prison,  holding  a  frothing  tankard,  says :  /  will  drink 
to  a  speedy  Goal  delivery.  A  slim  and  foppish  man,  chapeau-bras,  and 
dressed  in  the  height  of  the  fashion,  but  holding  a  band-box,  says :  When  she 
grows  up  I  hope  she  will  not  persecute  us  man  Milliners  I  wish  I  had  the  pro- 
viding the  child  bed  linnenH  A  plainly  dressed  and  oafish-looking  man  says: 
How  glad  our  Nan  will  be  when  she  hears  of  it.  she  allways  doated  upon  blood 
royal.  A  stout  and  elderly  parson  says :  Go  thou  home,  and  do  likewise  that 
is  a  very  good  text!  A  little  girl  holding  a  doll  says :  How  I  should  like  to  see 
the  Baby!  An  obese  and  self-important  citizen  says:  /  must  go  and  acquaint 
the  Corporation  immediately. 

See  No.  8779,  &c.    'No  Popery'  is  an  allusion  to  Mrs.  Fitzherbert. 
Perhaps  one  of  a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
12  X  18  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  31. 

8782  A  HACKNEY  MEETING. 

y^  Qy  des*"  et  fec^ 

Pu¥  Feby  i'^  iyg6  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  two  members  for  Middlesex 
simultaneously  address  a  meeting  of  freeholders  from  a  hustings  against 
a  building  (The  Mermaid,  at  Hackney)  which  forms  a  background.  Both 
lean  forward  in  profile  to  the  r.  Byng  (1.),  thin  and  elegant,  gesticulates 
with  clenched  fist,  r.  arm  above  his  head.  He  frowns,  while  Mainwaring 
(r.)  grimaces  insinuatingly,  his  hands  held  out  deprecatingly.  From  Byng's 
pocket  issues  a  paper:  Treatise  on  the  use  of  Cocoa.  On  the  extreme  1., 
behind  Byng,  stands  Fox,  holding  Byng's  hat.  The  other  men  on  the 
platform,  all  wearing  hats,  are  freely  sketched.  On  the  wooden  barrier  of 
the  hustings  are  two  bills,  the  lower  part  of  which  is  concealed  by  the 
heads  of  the  spectators,  which  reach  across  the  lower  edge  of  the  design : 
Mermaid  Hackney  Meeting  of  the  Freeholders  for  obtaining  a  Repeal  of  the 
odious,  detestable,  obnoxious,  unconstitutional  oppressive  treasonable  .  .  .  and 
Address  to  his  Majesty  by  the  Freeholders. 

A  meeting,  called  by  the  sheriff's,  was  held  on  21  Nov.  to  petition 
against  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Bills,  see  No.  8687,  &c.    Mainwaring, 

'  Plate  cropped;  title,  &c.,  from  A.  de  R.,  v.  146. 

239 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

the  Ministerial  member,  was  ill  received ;  Byng  was  acclaimed.  The  meet- 
ing agreed  on  a  petition  to  the  throne  and  an  address  of  congratulation  to 
the  King  on  his  escape  (see  No.  8681).  Hist,  of  Two  Acts  .  .  .,  1796, 
pp.  340-6;  Lond.  Chron.,  23  Nov.  1795.  Cf.  No.  9240.  Byng  was  nick- 
named 'Coco',  cf.  No.  9240. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  199-200.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  143.   Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,   1830.    Copy,   Grego,  Hist,  of  Parliamentary  Elections,   1892, 
p.  299. 
i3i6X9|m. 

8783  THE  GENERA  OF  PATRIOTISM,— OR— THE  BLOOMS- 
BURY  FARMER,  PLANTING  BEDFORDSHIRE  WHEAT. 

jf'  Qy  des""  etfed 

Pu¥  Felf  3^  -^796.  hy  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of  Bedford,  a  stalwart,  hand- 
some and  smiling  farmer,  strides  (1.  to  r.)  across  a  newly  ploughed  field, 
scattering  guineas  from  a  pouch  slung  to  his  shoulder;  on  his  back  is  a 
large  sack  inscribed  £.  As  he  sows  the  tips  of  bonnets-rouges  and  daggers 
sprout  up ;  behind  him  (1.)  they  progressively  emerge  more  completely, 
and  appear  as  little  Jacobins,  a  raised  dagger  in  each  hand,  crowding  in 
close  ranks  towards  the  horizon,  where  they  hail  (or  are  smitten  by) 
thunderbolts  which  dart  from  clouds  in  the  upper  1.  corner  of  the  design 
and  explode  on  reaching  the  ground.  The  soil  is  prepared  by  Fox, 
Sheridan,  and  Lauderdale:  Fox's  smiling  face  is  the  centre  of  a  sun  which 
issues  from  clouds  and  shines  on  Bedford.  A  bull  (John  Bull)  is  harnessed 
to  a  plough  which  is  guided  by  Sheridan  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge.  Lauder- 
dale (bare-headed)  raises  a  whip  to  flog  the  weary  bull. 

Bedford  was  an  ardent  supporter  of  Fox,  see  No.  8684,  and  a  friend  of 
Lauderdale ;  for  his  lavish  expenditure  for  party  purposes  cf.  No.  8786. 
He  was  a  great  agriculturist,  an  original  member  of  the  Board  of  Agri- 
culture (1793).   Cf.  No.  8648. 

Grego,  Gtllray,  p.  200.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  147.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9fxi3im. 

8784  [ENVY.]  [II  Feb.  1796]' 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  serpent  with  a  human  head,  having 
satyr's  ears,  rises  on  its  tail  which  issues  from  an  inverted  earl's  coronet. 
The  body  is  coiled  in  a  horizontal  figure  of  eight,  the  head  is  in  profile 
to  the  r.,  glaring  fiercely,  words  issuing  from  the  mouth  in  a  blast:  let  the 
Minority  go  to  the  Bell.   No  title,  above  the  design: 

All  human  Virtue  to  its  latest  breath 
Finds  Envy  never  conquered  but  by  death 

Perhaps  a  satire  on  the  Earl  of  Abingdon,  eccentric  and  reputed  foolish, 
who  opposed  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Bills,  see  No.  8687,  &c.  There  is 
some  resemblance  to  Abingdon,  none  to  the  leading  Opposition  peers. 
No  debate  in  the  Lords  is  reported  in  the  Pari.  Hist,  between  2  Dec.  1795 
and  4  Mar.  1796.  Cf.  No.  8520. 
9X7lin. 

'  So  dated  by  Miss  Banks ;  presumably  the  date  of  purchase. 

240 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

8785  GRANDPAPPA  IN  HIS  GLORY!!! 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  Feb"^  13  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly.  Folios  of 
Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  George  III  sits  in  a  simply  furnished  room  facing  the  fire, 
holding  the  baby  Princess  on  his  knee,  and  feeding  her  with  a  spoon  whose 
contents  flow  down  the  front  of  her  robe.  He  watches  her  with  affectionate 
intentness.  Over  his  1.  arm  hangs  a  coral  and  bells;  on  his  head  is  a  night- 
cap. Beside  him  (1.)  is  a  small  round  table  on  which  is  a  small  pot  of  pap. 
The  fire  is  indicated  only  by  a  corner  of  the  fender  (r.),  by  a  rail  of  towels, 
and  by  a  cat  crouching  towards  it.  See  No.  8779,  &c. 
11^X8^  in. 


8786  "PITY  THE  SORROWS  OF  A  POOR  OLD  MAN". 

Vide,  Scene  in  Bloomsbury  Square 

f  Gy  d:  etf 

Pu¥  Feby  25'*  I']g6.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Burke  (1.)  as  a  shambling  beggar,  holds 
out  his  hat  towards  the  Duke  of  Bedford  who  looks  between  the  folding 
gates  of  Bedford  House,  holding  one  side  to  keep  them  almost  closed. 
Their  words  float  upwards  from  their  mouths:  Burke  says:  "Pity  the 
Sorrows  of  a  poor  old  Man,  add  a  trifle  to  what  has  been  bestowed  by  Ministry 
to  stop  my  Complaints: — O  give  me  opportunity  of  recanting  once  more! — Ah! 
remember  me  in  your  Golden  Dreams! — great  Leviathan  of  liberty,  let  me  but 
play  &  frolick  in  the  Ocean  of  your  royal  Bounty,  &  I  will  be  for  ever  your 
Creature; — my  Hands, — Brains, — my  Soul  &  Body, — the  very  Pen  through 
which  I  have  spouted  a  torrent  of  Gall  against  my  original  Friends,  and  covered 
you  all  over  with  the  Spray,  every  thing  of  me,  &  about  me,  shall  be  yours — 
dispence  but  a  little  of  your  Golden  store  to  a  desolate  Old  Man".  Bedford 
says:  Hark'ee,  old  double  Face, — its  no  use  use  [sic]  for  you  to  stand  Jawing 
there,  if  you  gull  other  people,  you  won't  bother  us  out  a  single  Shilling, 
with  ail  your  canting-rant, — no,  no,  it  wdnt  do,  old  Humbug! — let  them 
bribe  you,  who  are  afraid  of  you,  or  want  your  help, — your  Gossip  wont  do 
here: — 

Burke  wears  the  red  and  blue  of  the  Windsor  uniform,  his  dress  is 
tattered,  one  foot  protrudes  through  his  shoe.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  sheaf  of 
broadsides:  Last  Dying  Speech  of  Old  Honesty  the  Jesuit  [cf.  No.  6026,  &c.]. 
On  his  back  is  a  sack  inscribed  £4000  p'  Annum  indicating  his  two 
pensions.  From  his  back  protrudes  a  book  inscribed  Reflections  upon 
Political  Apostacy.  The  design  is  framed  by  the  stone  gateway  of  Bedford 
House,  each  side  surmounted  by  a  sphinx  (cf.  No.  8639). 

A  satire  on  Burke's  Letter  to  a  Noble  Lord,  published  Feb.  1796,  see 
No.  8788,  &c.,  on  his  former  position  as  the  pen  and  brains  of  the  Whigs, 
and  on  his  supposed  apostasy,  a  favourite  theme  of  Gillray,  see  No.  7865 
(1791),  &c.  For  his  pensions  see  No.  8654,  &c.  For  Bedford's  wealth 
cf.  No.  8783. 

Grego,  GiV/roy,  p.  200.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  144.  Reprinted,  G.PF.G., 
1830.    Reproduced,  Magnus,  Edmund  Burke,  1939,  ?•  273- 
i3X9iin. 

241  R 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL   AND   PERSONAL   SATIRES 

8787  DEMOCRATIC  LEVELLING ;— ALLIANCE  A  LA  FRAN- 
COISE;— OR— THE  UNION  OF  THE  CORONET  &  CLYSTER- 
PIPE. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  March  4*^  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  and  Sheridan  officiate  at  the 
wedding  of  Lady  Lucy  Stanhope  and  an  apothecary  who  is  made  up  of 
medical  implements.  The  bride  is  a  pretty  girl  wearing  a  feathered  hat 
from  which  a  transparent  veil  falls  over  her  face.  Stanhope  (1.),  without 
breeches,  and  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge,  stooping  in  profile  to  the  r.,  pushes 
her  towards  the  bridegroom  who  is  placing  a  ring  on  her  finger ;  from  his 
coat-pocket  protrudes  a  three-masted  vessel  flying  a  tricolour  flag  (see 
No.  8640).  The  bridegroom,  Taylor,  is  also  a  sansculotte;  his  posteriors 
are  formed  of  a  syringe,  his  body  is  a  mortar,  from  which  issues  a  pestle 
supporting  a  bonnet-rouge.   His  arm  is  made  of  two  medicine-phials. 

Fox  stands  full-face  behind  the  altar  balustrade  holding  open  Paine's 
Rights  of  Man  (see  No.  7867,  &c.).  He  wears  surplice  and  bands.  Sheridan 
stands  (r.)  in  profile  to  the  1.,  reading  from  ThelwaVs  Lectures  (cf.  No. 
8685),  he  wears  a  lay  coat  with  bands ;  both  wear  bonnets-rouges.  On  the 
wall  which  forms  a  background,  and  immediately  above  Fox,  is  a  large 
picture.  Shrine  of  Equality:  three  men  wearing  bonnets-rouges  officiate 
at  a  guillotine ;  the  blade  is  about  to  fall  on  a  man  wearing  a  ducal  coronet ; 
other  peers  stand  (r.)  waiting  their  turn.  On  the  ground  by  the  guillotine 
lie  coronets  which  have  just  been  chopped  oflF. 

Lady  Lucy  Stanhope  married  Mr.  Taylor,  a  surgeon  of  Sevenoaks,  on 
26  Apr.  1796;  'Citizen'  Stanhope  (cf.  No.  8448,  &c.)  treated  the  match  as 
a  misalliance.  Stanhope  and  Gooch,  Life  of  Charles,  third  Earl  Stanhope, 
pp.  238-9  (reproduction). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  201.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  146.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
iifX9jin. 

8788  THE  MODERN  LEVIATHAN!! 
[1.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  March  8  iyg6  by  S  W Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of 
Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Burke  (1.),  pen  in  hand,  sits  on  an 
uprooted  oak-tree,  leaning  against  his  son's  tomb.  He  looks  angrily  towards 
a  large  dolphin-like  creature  with  the  handsome  cropped  head  of  the  Duke 
of  Bedford,  which  swims  in  water  inscribed  Ocean  of  Royal  Bounty,  and 
spouts  cascades  to  1.  and  r.  which  reach  Burke.  These  streams  are  inscribed 
Cromzvellism,  Envy  (three  times),  Leveling,  Orleanism,  Revolutions,  Egalite, 
Democracy.  Under  his  neck  are  two  (?)  bladders,  inscribed  Pillage  of 
Monasteries  Churches  &  Religious  Houses  and  Confiscation  of  Estates 
Buckingham. 

Burke  holds  an  open  book :  My  Feeble  efforts  for  my  country  sgood.  Above 
his  head:  Ah  Wretch!  Why  attack  a  Defenceless  old  Man?  whose  seclusion 
from  all  Public  concerns  &  whose  Irreparable  loss  of  an  only  &  beloved  Child 
should  have  sheltered  his  Declining  Head  from  the  Malicious  Attacks  of  a 
Monster  wallowing  in  Luxury  &  Wealth  Oh  Orleans  Oh  Bedford!!!  The 
tomb  (on  the  extreme  1.)  is  inscribed:  Sacred  to  the  Memory  of  an  Only 

242 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1796 

Son  whose  Manly  Virtues  &  well  informed  Mind  was  the  only  Enjoyment  the 
Parent  knew  in  his  Declining  Years  but  Alass — The  Loss  of  a  Finished  Man 
is  not  easily  Supplied.  Beneath  the  title:  The  Leviathan  among  all  the 
creatures  of  the  Crown. — He  tumbles  about  his  unwieldy  bulk;  he  plays  and 
frolicks  in  the  ocean  of  the  Royal  bounty.  Huge  as  he  is  and  whilst  "he  lies 
floating  many  a  rood",  he  is  still  a  creature,  His  ribs  his  fins,  whalebone,  his 
blubber  the  very  spirales  through  which  he  spouts  a  torrent  of  brine  against 
his  origin,  and  covers  me  all  over  with  the  spray — every  thing  of  him,  and 
about  him  is  [j]rom  the  Throne. — Is  it  for  him  to  question  the  dispensation  of 
the  Royal  Favor? 

Vide  Burke's  Letter  to  a  noble  Lord  Page  3^-38 
Lengthy  quotations  from  Burke's  'long  promised'  Letter  to  a  Noble  Lord 
appeared  in  the  London  Chronicle  for  23  and  25  Feb.  The  print  illustrates, 
besides  the  passage  quoted,  that  in  which  he  compares  himself  to  an  old 
oak  torn  up  by  the  roots,  owing  to  the  death  of  his  son.  The  attack  on 
Burke's  pension,  see  No.  8654,  was  made  by  Lauderdale,  i  Dec.  1795,  in 
a  motion  for  copies  of  grants  made  from  1791.  The  ensuing  debate  was 
described  by  Woodfall  as  'one  of  the  most  disorderly  conversations  I  ever 
heard  in  a  House  of  Parliament'.  (He  had  reported  Irish  debates.)  Burke 
was  defended  by  Auckland  and  Bedford's  speech  is  not  reported.  Parlia- 
mentary Register,  xlv.  1 18-19;  Auckland  Corr.  iii.  325-6.  See  Nos.  8786, 
8792,  8795,  8825,  8826,  9168,  9240,  9345. 
9|Xi4|in. 

8789-8791 

Three  etchings  after  drawings  by  an  officer  on  the  Duke  of  York's  staff 
in  Flanders,  illustrations  to  Narrative  of  the  War  by  an  Officer  of  the  Guards. 
Published  Mar.  1796.   (Advertisement,  London  Chronicle,  19  Mar.) 

8789  FAVOURITE  AMUSEMENT  AT  HEAD  QUARTERS. 
Engraving.  PI.  to  Narrative  .  .  .,  i.  88.  Staff  officers  are  seated  smoking 
and  drinking,  the  Duke  of  York  at  the  head  of  the  table  (r.)  smokes  a  long 
pipe,  three  glasses  before  him.  The  officer  on  the  Duke's  1.  is  assailed  by 
a  pellet,  while  the  man  next  him  puffs  smoke  at  his  head.  Over  the  carved 
lintel  of  the  door  (1.)  is  a  coat  of  arms.  On  the  wall  (r.)  are  maps:  Map  of 
Germany  and  The  Seat  of  War. 

The  text  explains  that  it  was  a  favourite  amusement  at  head-quarters 
(Aug.  1793,  near  Dunkirk)  to  throw  pellets  of  bread,  &c.,  at  Col.  Robert 
Johnstone,  D.Q.M.G.,  whose  good  nature  was  proverbial.  Hewgill  and  Clin- 
ton would  then  puff  smoke  at  him.  (William  Henry  Clinton,  Lt.  and  Capt. 
ist  Foot  Guards;  Edwin  Hewgill,  Coldstream  (promoted  Capt.  and  Lt.- 
Col.  22  Jan.  1794).  Army  List  (annotated),  1794.)  Johnstone  was  of  great 
service  to  the  brigade  of  Guards  in  Holland  owing  to  his  knowledge 
of  Dutch,  having  served  the  Dutch  Republic  in  the  Scotch  brigade.  On 
succeeding  to  the  command  of  the  ist  batt.  of  the  3rd  Guards  he  resigned 
his  office  on  the  staff,  and  died  shortly  afterwards.  Narrative,  i.  88,  loi  n. 
Cf.  No.  8327,  &c. 
3j'gX6-|  in.  B.M.L.  993.  a.  22. 

8790  A  COUNCIL  OF  WAR  INTERRUPTED. 

Engraving.  PI.  from  Narrative  of  the  War,  i.  loi.   Officers  (r.),  at  a  table 
measuring  distances  on  a  Plan  of  the  Low  Countries,  turn  round  in  surprise 

243 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

at  a  procession  of  officers  (1.)  carrying  on  their  shoulders  a  slim  officer 
who  appears  about  to  hurl  himself  forward  on  to  the  table.  The  officers 
interrupted  are  three  seated  (two  with  stars)  and  three  standing. 

The  text  explains  that  a  number  of  the  A.D.C.s  and  officers  on  the  Duke 
of  York's  staff  voted  the  D.Q.M.G.  (Johnstone,  see  No.  8789)  to  have  been 
of  great  service  to  the  army,  and  to  be  chaired.  They  carried  him  through 
a  long  suite  of  rooms  at  the  Abbaye  St.  Martin,  Tournai  (1793),  and 
entered  one  where  they  found  the  Duke,  Coburg,  Mack,  Prince  Hohenlohe, 
and  others  in  a  council  of  war;  in  their  dismay  they  let  Johnstone  fall  on 
the  table.  Cf.  No.  8327,  &c. 
3j'gX6|-in. 

8791  HOW  TO  THROW  AN  ARMY  INTO  CONFUSION. 

Pu¥  by  Cadell  &  Davies,  Strand. 

Engraving.  PI.  to  Narrative  of  the  War,  ii.  36.  Cavalry  are  struggling  in 
confusion,  deep  in  bog  or  water,  immediately  outside  the  gate  of  a  walled 
and  fortified  town  (r.).  The  sky  is  covered  with  dark  clouds. 

The  text  explains  that  the  British  army  in  Flanders,  in  May  1794,  was 
forced  to  make  a  five-mile  detour  and  leave  the  paved  road  for  a  mire 
because  the  gates  of  Valenciennes  were  closed  against  them ;  a  thunder- 
storm added  to  the  confusion.  The  Austrians  never  allowed  foreign  troops 
to  pass  through  their  fortified  towns,  and  treated  their  own  troops  as 
foreigners  when  co-operating  with  their  English  allies.  Narrative,  ii. 
35-6  n.  Cf.  No.  8327,  &c. 
3/6X6|in.  B.M.L.  993.  a.  23. 

8792  A  WILL  O'  THE  WISP  OR  JOHN  BULL  IN  A  BOG! 
I  C   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  March  28  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  Folios 
of  Caricatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.)  as  a  will  o'  the  wisp,  naked, 
and  poised  on  a  cloud,  holds  out  a  dark  lantern  to  a  terrified  John  Bull. 
Pitt  holds  up  in  his  r.  hand  the  end  of  a  swirling  drapery  which  blows  about 
him,  his  hair  blows  over  his  face.  The  rays  of  his  lantern  are :  New  Pro- 
posals', U  Eclair-,  peace;  French  Gentleman  just  arrived  from  the  continent', 
armstice.  Small  attendant  sprites  float  above  his  head  and  assist  in  frighten- 
ing John  Bull :  Burke,  naked  but  wearing  a  Jesuit's  biretta  (cf .  No.  6026), 
holds  a  bag  inscribed  4000  and  a  dark  lantern  whose  beam  is  inscribed 
Services  done  the  Public.  A  naked  woman  excretes  a  blast  inscribed  Plans ; 
she  triumphantly  holds  up,  in  each  hand,  a  money-bag  inscribed  2000  Ann 
and  2000  (she  is  perhaps  intended  for  Mrs.  Burke).  A  demon  with  an 
ass's  head  holds  a  lantern  whose  beam  is:  for  extended  services  20,000. 
Another  beam  is  inscribed  Pensions. 

John  Bull,  a  fat  citizen  wearing  a  cocked  hat,  struggles  to  step  from  the 
Slough  of  Despond  or  Quagmire  of  War.  He  holds  out  his  hands  towards 
Pitt's  lantern,  screaming.  This  is  a  terrible  boggy  Ground  I  have  got  into — 
but  I  shall  certainly  catch  it  at  last  it  can't  be  far  off  now. 

A  desire  for  peace  was  foreshadowed  in  the  King's  speech  of  29  Oct. 
1795  (derided  as  insincere  by  the  Opposition)  and  again  on  8  Dec.  in  a 
message  to  Parliament.  A  scheme  by  Pitt  for  a  general  pacification  was 
in  progress  in  Jan.  1796;  on  15  Feb.  Parliament  was  informed  of  the 
negotiations  {Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  725).   The  overture  (believed  insincere  by 

244 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

the  French)  was  made  through  the  British  Minister  in  Switzerland  to  the 
French  Ambassador  on  8  May  (of.  No.  8825).  Its  failure  was  announced 
in  a  Ministerial  note  of  10  Apr.  when  the  documents  were  published.  Ann. 
Reg.,  1796,  pp.  209*-2ii*;  Camb.  Hist,  of  Br.  Foreign  Policy,  i.  260-5; 
E.  D.  Adams,  Influence  ofGrenville  on  Pitt's  Foreign  Policy,  1904,  pp.  36  ff. ; 
Guyot,  Le  Directoire  et  lapaix  de  V Europe,  1912,  pp.  145-56.  For  the  uncer- 
tainty as  to  Pitt's  intentions  and  the  prospects  of  peace,  see  Fox,  Memorials 
and  Corr.  iii.  127-30  (24  Dec.  1795,  18  Feb.  1796),  and  cf.  No.  8813.  For 
Pitt's  unpopularity  cf.  No.  8664.  For  the  later  peace  overtures  see  No. 
8829,  &c.  Previously,  the  Opposition  had  made  repeated  motions  for  peace, 
see  No.  8644,  &c.  For  general  v/ar-weariness  cf.  No.  8328,  &c.  For 
Burke's  pension  see  No.  8654,  &c. 
8|Xi2|  in. 

8793  PHILANTHROPIC  CONSOLATIONS,  AFTER  THE  LOSS 
OF  THE  SLAVE-BILL. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  April  4^  I7g6. 

Engraving.  Wilberforce  and  Bishop  Horsley  revel  indecorously  with  two 
negresses.  Wilberforce  and  a  fat  negress  face  each  other  sitting  cross- 
legged  on  the  bolsters  at  opposite  ends  of  a  settee ;  both  smoke  cheroots. 
The  negress  wears  a  large  straw  hat  over  her  turban,  her  breasts  are  un- 
covered. On  the  ground  by  Wilberforce  is  a  torn  pamphlet:  Tryal  of .  .  . 
&  .  .  .  [names  illegible]  convicted  of  Perjury  in  the  case  of  Capt^  Kimber. 
On  the  r.  the  fat  bishop  embraces  a  negress  who  is  poised  on  his  knee, 
holding  up  a  wine-glass.  Behind  him  and  on  the  extreme  r.  is  a  table  on 
which  are  books:  Rochester s  Jests,  Charity  covereth  a  Multitude  of  Sins 
(open).  Humanity  a  Masque,  Mathematick,  Ghost  of  Clarence,  and  a  paper: 
Defence  of  Orthodoxy,  better  late  than  never.  Both  women  wear  loose 
patterned  dresses.  A  little  grinning  black  boy  (1.)  brings  in  a  tray  of  filled 
glasses.  The  room  is  well  furnished  with  a  patterned  carpet.  On  the  wall 
are  four  pictures  and  a  candle-sconce.  Above  the  door  appears  the  lower 
part  of  a  picture  of  a  man  seated  on  the  ground :  Capt"  Kimber  in  the  Cells 
of  Newgate.  Above  Wilberforce's  head  is  a  picture.  Inkle  &  Yarico:  Inkle 
discovers  Yarico,  a  negress,  reclining  under  a  palm  tree  in  a  mountainous 
landscape.  (For  Colman's  opera,  1787,  cf.  No.  7260.)  Above  Horsley's 
head  is  a  picture  of  a  stage-coach  driving  r.  to  1. ;  a  fat  bishop  (almost  recog- 
nizable) looks  out  of  the  window  to  inspect  the  legs  of  an  outside  passenger 
which  dangle  from  the  roof.  On  the  extreme  r.  is  a  picture  of  Westminster 
Abbey. 

Wilberforce's  Bill  for  the  Abolition  of  the  Slave  Trade  was  defeated  on 
15  Mar.  by  74  to  70.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  901 ;  Coupland,  Wilberforce,  1923, 
pp.  224-5.  Clarence  had  been  one  of  the  most  vehement  opponents  of 
Abolition  in  the  Lords.  Ibid.,  pp.  174-5,  216;  cf.  also  No.  7260.  For  the 
trial  of  Kimber  for  the  murder  of  a  negress  see  No,  8637,  &c.  Horsley, 
Bishop  of  Rochester  and  Dean  of  Westminster,  spoke  forcibly  against  the 
Slave  Trade.  He  was  a  distinguished  mathematician  and  published  many 
scientific  and  theological  works.  He  attacked  the  unorthodox  doctrines  of 
Priestley  and  opposed  the  repeal  of  the  Test  and  Corporation  Acts  (1790). 
Abbey,  The  English  Church  and  its  Bishops,  1887,  pp.  263-9;  D.N.B. 
Cf.  No.  8703. 
9fXi4in. 

245 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8793  A  An  earlier  state  without  title  or  imprint.  There  is  less  shading 
and  the  dresses  and  the  cover  of  the  sofa  are  not  patterned.  The  book  on 
the  floor  is  absent  and  the  inscriptions  on  the  papers  and  books  on  the  table 
are  different.  In  place  of  'Defence  of  Orthodoxy'  is  Circular  Letter,  to  the 
Clergy  of  S*  David's  in  Wales — Beware  how  you  dare  to  talk  of  science 
during  Elections  [words  erased] — terial  Influence  at  your  Peril.  The  page 
facing  Rochesters  Jests  is  blank.  The  next  volume  is  Essay  on  [words 
erased]  ]  —  .  .  ford  Edition.  The  inscription  'Ghost  of  Clarence'  is  absent. 
The  picture  of  the  coach  is  less  explicitly  drawn,  but  has  the  title :  Love 
at  first  Sight — or — The  Charms  of  a  Cook — Maids  Legs — 

There  appears  to  be  some  attempt  to  confuse  Horsley  with  the  Hon. 
William  Stuart,  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  who,  however,  took  no  part  in  the 
debate. 

8794  THE  DOG  TAX. 

X  [Gillray.] 

Pu¥  April  12^^  1796,  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  dogs  with  human  faces  hang  from 
a  gibbet  inscribed  not  Paid  for;  two  others  stand  beneath,  looking  up  at 
them  with  complacent  triumph,  these  are  To  he  Paid  for.  The  gibbet  is 
formed  of  two  uprights  with  a  cross-bar.  The  pendent  dogs  who  face  each 
other  in  profile  with  expressions  of  despair  are  Sheridan  (1.)  and  Fox  (r.); 
their  necks  are  linked  by  a  chain.  Fox  has  a  fox's  brush  (as  in  No.  8796). 
He  urinates  upon  Dundas  who  is  immediately  beneath  him,  facing  Pitt. 
Dundas  is  a  fat  mongrel,  Pitt  a  lean  greyhound  (as  in  No.  8797). 

The  dog  tax  was  proposed  by  Dent  on  5  Apr.  and  accepted  with  altera- 
tions by  Pitt,  for  'the  dogs  of  the  opulent'.  See  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  994-1006. 
It  was  operative  from  6  July.  See  Nos.  8796,  8797,  8802,  8803,  8840,  9017, 

9195- 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  201-2.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  145.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Social  England,  ed.  Traill,  1904,  v.  649. 
ii|X9iin. 

8795  THE  QUARRELL  ABOUT  PENSIONS  AMICABLY  SETTLED 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  April  13  iyg6  by  SW  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of 
Carecatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Burke  and  the  Duke 
of  Bedford  sit  on  opposite  sides  of  a  small  round  table.  Fox,  full-face,  sits 
between  them,  his  arms  resting  on  the  table,  fingers  interlaced,  and  thumbs 
together.  He  looks  down  oracularly,  saying.  Take  the  Advice  of  a  common 
friend — the  less  said  about  the  matter  the  better!  Burke's  back  is  towards 
Fox,  he  looks  angrily  over  his  1.  shoulder  at  Bedford,  who  watches  Fox 
intently.  Burke  and  Fox  wear  wigs  and  are  not  dressed  in  the  latest 
fashion,  as  is  Bedford,  with  cropped  hair,  swathed  neckcloth  projecting 
in  front  of  his  chin,  and  tight  pantaloons  reaching  almost  to  his  ankles. 
For  the  quarrel  see  No.  8788,  &c.  Fox's  attitude  is  in  keeping  with  his 
conduct  on  Burke's  death ;  for  his  own  quarrel  with  Burke  see  No.  7854,  &c. 
8fXi3f  in. 

246 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1796 

8796  EFFECTS  OF  THE  DOG  TAX 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  April  ig  iyg6  hy  S  W  Fores  No  50  Piccadilly. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Ministerial  dogs,  their  collars  inscribed 
GR,  stand  under  a  gibbet  from  which  dangle  three  dogs  wearing  bonnets- 
rouges  (these  have  been  coloured  blue  and  buff).  All  have  human  faces. 
The  dogs  on  the  gibbet,  whose  cross-piece  is  inscribed  Triajuncta  in  una, 
are  Sheridan  (1.),  Fox  (with  a  fox's  brush  as  in  No.  8794),  and  Stanhope  (r.) 
whose  back  is  to  the  other  two.  Above  is  the  inscription  Not  worth  the  tax. 
Below  the  others  is  the  inscription  Good  dogs  paid  for.  On  the  extreme 
1.  is  Pitt,  his  profile  grossly  caricatured,  who  is  chained  to  the  [T]reasury 
kennel,  from  which  he  is  looking.  Portland  looks  up  at  the  victims,  next 
is  Loughborough  wearing  his  Chancellor's  wig,  and  Burke  who  looks 
defiant.  Facing  him  is  Grenville  and  on  the  extreme  r.  is  Dundas,  his  fore- 
paws  on  the  post  of  the  gibbet  looking  up.  Beside  the  gibbet  is  a  large 
thistle.   Beneath  the  title : 

Budgets  &  Loans  so  thick  we  see 

And  Taxes  press  so  hard  Sir 

That  Poor  John  Bull  can't  pay  the  Fee 

For  Dogs  his  only  Guard 

And  tho"  near  empty  Johnnys  purse 

Yet  cruel  'tis  to  say  sir 

For  R /  [Royal]  Dogs  which  are  his  curse 

Poor  Johnny's  made  to  pay  Sir 

See  No.  8794,  &c. 
12X9^  i^- 

8797  JOHN  BULL  &  HIS  DOG  FAITHFUL;— 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  April  2cf^  1796  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull,  blind,  maimed,  and  ragged, 
walks  (r.  to  1.)  near  a  chasm,  the  edge  of  which  stretches  across  the  fore- 
ground of  the  design.  His  wooden  r.  arm  terminates  in  a  hook  to  which  is 
attached  a  cord  from  the  collar  of  a  lean  greyhound  with  the  head  of  Pitt 
(as  in  No.  8794).  Pitt  drags  him  forward  and  slightly  towards  the  gulf; 
in  his  mouth  is  a  large  bare  bone,  his  collar  is  inscribed  Licenc'd  to  Lead. 
In  John  Bull's  1.  hand  is  a  staff,  on  his  back  a  burden  inscribed  Loans.  He 
has  a  wooden  leg,  which  a  dog  with  the  head  of  Sheridan  and  a  collar 
inscribed  Licenc'd  to  Bite  is  biting  savagely.  Behind  and  on  the  extreme 
r.  is  a  dog  with  the  head  of  Grey,  and  a  collar  inscribed  Grey  Hound;  he 
bites  John  Bull's  coat.  Fox,  a  mastiff  with  a  fox's  brush,  stands  behind 
Pitt,  glaring  fiercely,  on  his  collar  is  Licenc'd  to  Bark.  Behind  is  grass  and 
a  tree  (1.)  and  in  the  distance  the  roofs  and  spires  of  London,  showing 
St.  Paul's.   After  the  title:  ^^  Among  the  Faithless,  Faithful  Only  found". 

A  satire  (double-edged  like  many  others  by  Gillray)  on  the  dangers  and 
burdens  of  the  times  in  a  form  occasioned  by  the  dog  tax,  see  No.  8794,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  202.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  148.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9ixi4|in. 

247 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8798  THE  WINE  DUTY,— OR— THE  TRIUMPH  OF  BACCHUS 
&  SILENUS;  WITH  JOHN  BULLS  REMONSTRANCE 

J.Gyd.etf. 

Pu¥  April  20*^  iyg6.  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  tun  of  Wine  lies  on  solid  trestles 
inscribed  Treasury  Bench.  From  its  huge  bung-hole  emerges  the  naked 
body  of  Pitt,  as  Bacchus,  crowned  with  vine  branches.  He  leans  back 
tipsily,  a  brimming  glass  in  each  hand.  Behind  him  stands  Dundas  as 
Silenus,  fat,  and  partly  draped  in  tartan ;  his  r.  hand  grasps  Pitt's  shoulder, 
in  his  1.  he  holds  up  a  brimming  glass.  He  also  is  crowned  with  vine 
branches.  Bunches  of  grapes  hang  down  from  a  vine  above  their  heads 
and  are  indicated  as  a  background  to  the  cask  whose  trestles  are  on  a  dais 
covered  with  a  fringed  carpet.  Opposite  the  tun  stands  John  Bull  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  looking  up  at  Pitt,  hat  in  hand;  in  his  1.  hand  is  a  lank  purse,  under 
his  arm  three  empty  bottles.  He  is  a  yokel,  with  lank  hair  and  hydro- 
cephalic head,  wearing  a  smock  and  wrinkled  gaiters.  He  says:  Pray 
M^  Bacchus  have  a  bit  of  consideration  for  old  John; — you  know  as  how  I've 
emptied  my  Purse  already  for  you — &  its  waundedly  hard  to  raise  the  price 
of  a  drop  of  Comfort,  now  that  one's  got  no  Money  left  for  to  pay  for  it!!! 
Pitt  says:  Twenty  Pounds  a  T-Tun,  ad-additional  Duty  i-i-if  you  d-d-don* t 
like  it  at  that,  why  t-t-t-then  Dad  &  I  will  keep  it  all  for  o-o-our  own  Drink- 
ing, so  here  g-g-goes  old  Bu-Bu-Bull  &  Mouth!!! — 

An  additional  duty  of  ^20  a  tun  {6d.  a  bottle)  was  announced  in  Pitt's 
budget  speech,  18  Apr.  1796,  and  was  opposed  (by  Sheridan,  5  May)  as 
equivalent  to  prohibition.  Pari.  Register,  vol.  60,  pp.  449,  450,  599-602, 
653-5.  See  also  Nos.  8799,  8803,  9017,  9391.  For  Pitt  and  Dundas  as 
topers  see  No.  8651,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  202-3.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  149.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
I2|X9^  in. 

8799  THE  TRIUMPH  OF  BACCHUS  OR  A  CONSULTATION  ON 
THE  ADDITIONAL  WINE  DUTY!!! 

IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  April  26  iyg6  by  S  W Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of 
Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  as  Bacchus  bestrides  a  large  wine- 
cask,  his  feet  resting  on  the  trestles.  He  is  very  thin  (with  a  gouty  leg), 
much  caricatured,  and  has  ass's  ears;  his  head  is  garlanded  with  a  vine- 
branch,  and  is  turned  in  profile  to  the  I.  In  his  r.  hand  he  holds  out  a  glass 
of  wine,  in  his  1.  a  long  pipe  whose  ashes  fall  on  the  head  of  Dundas  (r.) 
seated  on  an  upturned  tub  and  leaning  against  a  large  cask.  On  the  1.  the 
Duchess  of  Gordon  (cf.  No.  7282)  leans  against  a  butt  of  Gordon's  Entire 
supported  on  trestles,  on  which  she  rests  a  knee.  The  Duchess  holds  the 
tap  of  the  barrel  whose  contents  pour  into  a  tub  and  overflow  it.  The 
tap  of  Pitt's  cask  is  ornamented  by  a  crown,  the  wine  gushes  out  and  over- 
flows a  large  glass  which  stands  beneath  it.  The  Duchess  and  Dundas  are 
tipsily  drinking  to  Pitt.  Both  spill  the  contents  of  their  glasses,  on  hers  is 
a  ducal  coronet.  She  wears  a  dress  which  leaves  her  breast  bare  and 
defines  her  ample  contours ;  across  her  shoulder  is  a  tartan  plaid.  Dundas 
wears  a  Scots  bonnet  and  a  tartan  plaid.   He  and  Pitt  have  coats  of  the 

248 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1796 

Windsor  uniform  (blue  with  red  facings).  A  scroll  from  the  mouths  of  the 
Duchess  and  Dundas  joins  above  their  heads,  inscribed:  Oh  what  a  God 
is  Justice  Midas;  she  sings:  oh  the  Tremendous  Justice  Midas;  he  sings: 
Who  dare  oppose  wise  Justice  Midas.  (Chorus  from  O'Hara's  burletta 
Midas  (1764).  Midas  is  the  stupid,  arrogant,  and  corrupt  justice  who  is 
changed  by  Apollo  into  an  ass.   Cf.  Nos.  7393,  7498.) 

For  the  wine  duty  see  No.  8798,  &c.  For  Pitt  and  Dundas  as  topers  see 
No.  8651,  &c. 
io|xi4jin. 

8800  HINT  TO  MODERN  SCULPTORS,  AS  AN  ORNAMENT  TO 
A  FUTURE  SQUARE. 

Engrav'd  by  T'  A'   [Gillray.]  X 

Pu¥  May  3^  iyg6 — hy  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales,  on  horseback, 
figures  as  a  life-like  equestrian  statue  (of  the  future  George  IV)  mounted 
on  a  pedestal  of  three  rectangular  blocks,  diminishing  in  size.  On  the 
middle  block:  pater  urbium  subscribi  Statuis"  JuveK  The  Prince,  in 
regimentals,  very  fat,  sits  in  profile  to  the  1.,  holding  a  drawn  sabre.  He 
holds  the  1.  curb  rein,  the  snaffle  lying  on  the  animal's  neck.  The  toe  of 
his  spurred  boot  is  in  the  stirrup.  He  wears  a  feathered  cocked  hat,  a  star 
on  his  breast  and  on  his  hat,  a  broad  sash  round  his  ample  waist.  A  large 
holster  hangs  from  the  saddle  beneath  which  is  a  leopard-skin  with  a  GR 
and  crown  on  each  corner.  The  horse's  near  foreleg  and  off  hind  leg  are 
raised.   Beneath  the  design: 

" "/  saw  him  with  his  Beaver  on 

"His  Cuisses  on  his  Thighs  gallantly  arm'ed 

"Rise  from  the  ground  like  feather' d  Mercury 

"And  vaulted  with  such  ease  into  his  seat 

"As  if  an  Angel  dropt  down  from  the  Clouds, 

"To  turn  &  wind  a  fiery  Pegasus 

"And  witch  the  world  with  noble  Horsemanship — K^  Henry  4^^ 

Probably  inspired  by  the  Prince  (cf.  Farington,  Diary,  i.  156,  27  July 
1796),  in  'his  new  Light  Horse  uniform,  which  is  very  handsome  and 
theatrical'  but  'displayed  an  amount  of  bulk  which  probably  entertained 
all  beholders'  (at  the  departure  of  the  Duke  of  York  for  Holland,  1793). 
Quoted,  Fitzgerald,  Life  of  George  IV,  i.  270.  The  print  is  said  to  have 
been  copied  for  a  French  inn  signboard  as  'the  sign  of  an  English  light- 
horseman'.  Description,  G.W.G.,  p.  u8. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  211   (small  copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  435. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.   Reproduced,  Angelo's  Pic  Nic,  1905,  p.  23. 
131X91^6  in. 

8801  GENERAL  FAST 

/  C  [Cruikshank  f.]   GMW  [Woodward  del.]  /  C 
London   Published  May  4'*  1796  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly. 
Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  grotesque  general  in  uniform  with 
a  huge  head  and  a  small  body,  which  dwindles  from  shoulders  to  waist, 
stands  full-face,  r.  hand  resting  on  a  cane,  1.  on  his  hip.  He  wears  a  wide 
cocked  hat,  lank  hair  and  spectacles,  and  his  dress  is  old-fashioned,  with 

249 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

high- quartered  shoes.  His  eyebrows  are  raised  and  his  mouth  pulled  down 
in  a  melancholy  and  burlesque  grimace.   Beneath  the  title : 
Of  all  the  great  Generals  Europe  can  boast 
In  her  annals  of  war — in  times  present  and  past 
None  so  handy  each  season  to  call  to  his  Post 
As  that  Meagre  old  General — General  Fast 

Probably  a  satire  on  the  general  fasts,  enjoined  by  proclamation,  when 
the  success  of  British  arms  was  prayed  for,  see  No.  8428,  &c.,  as  well  as 
on  the  dearth  which  was  general  in  Europe  and  Britain,  see  No.  8665,  &c. 
10X7!  in. 

A  companion  plate  to  No.  8801  is  General  Complaint,  pub.  Fores,  5  May 
1796.  The  general,  his  features  twisted  in  exasperation,  holds  an  empty 
purse  in  one  hand,  the  London  Gazette  with  a  long  list  of  bankruptcies  in 
the  other,   Cf.  No.  8328,  &c.    Beneath  the  title: 

Dont  tell  me  of  Generals,  raised  from  mere  hoys 
Though  believe  me  I  mean  not  their  Laurel  to  Taint 
But  the  General  Fm  sure  that  will  make  the  most  noise 
If  the  War  still  goes  on  will  be  General  Complaint! 
Reproduced,  Everitt,  p.  1 1 .  Attributed  to  Rowlandson  by  Grego  (i.  328). 
(A.  de  R.  V.  68.) 

8802  DOG  TAX  GATHERERS  IN  SEARCH  OF  PUPPIES. 
Woodward  Delin^   [I.  Cruikshank  £.] 

Puh^  May  6*^  iyg6by  S.W.  Fores  N"  30  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sackville 
St.  Folios  of  Caricatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Six  groups  arranged  in  two  rows,  the 
words  etched  above  the  head  of  the  speaker,  [i]  Two  tax-gatherers  stand 
together  (1.),  one  pointing  to  a  man  walking  in  profile  to  the  r.,  fashionably 
dressed  except  that  he  does  not  wear  a  sparrow-tail  coat.  One  says,  point- 
ing, Sta?id  aside  Neighbour — there  's  a  Puppy,  Fm  sure.  The  other  answers  : 
Dont  be  too  rash — He  has  got  never  a  Tail!  [2]  A  tax-collector  walks  off 
to  the  1.  holding  a  dog  under  his  arm  and  followed  by  its  irate  and  elderly 
owner,  who  raises  her  crutched  stick  to  smite,  saying:  Return  my  Pro- 
perty you  Villain,  or  I'll  knock  you  down.  He  says :  By  virtue  of  my  office, 
in  cases  of  nonpayment,  I  have  a  right  to  retain  this  Animal  as  Private 
Property.  I  fancy  I  can  dispose  of  him  for  about  fifteen  shillings.  [3]  A 
kneeling  tax-collector,  holding  a  bludgeon  and  an  official  paper,  pulls  out 
a  terrified  man  from  under  the  petticoats  of  a  distressed  lady,  seated  in 
a  chair  (r.).  He  says :  /  am  sure  Madam  you  have  got  a  Puppy  concealed 
somewhere — I  saw  him  enter  the  premises — O  you  are  there  are  you  ?  Creep 
out  Sir  if  you  please.  [4]  A  tax-gatherer,  spectacles  on  nose,  and  open 
book  in  hand,  stoops  towards  a  spitting  cat  standing  on  the  knee  of  its 
mistress,  a  lean  old  maid  with  a  small  parrot  perched  on  the  back  of  her 
chair.  She  says:  /  hope  Sir  the  Tax.  don't  extend  to  my  Poor  Tabby.  He 
answers:  Bless  me  how  near  sighted  I  am — /  declare  I  thought  it  was  a 
Lapdog.  [5]  A  stout  man,  knife  in  hand,  drags  by  the  cravat  a  man  fashion- 
ably dressed  in  dark  clothes;  he  says  to  his  colleague  (r.):  /  am  sure  I  am 
right  now  I  caught  him  in  Fops  Alley  at  the  Opera  House.  The  other,  who 
holds  across  his  shoulder  a  number  of  dead  dogs,  answers :  Take  care  what 
you  are  about  John  or  you  will  get  us  both  into  some  confounded  Scrape — 
That  is  a  Parson.   [6]  A  yokel  in  a  smock  eggs  on  a  bulldog  who  springs 

250 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

at  a  collector  (r.).  He  says:  At  Htm  again  Towser — we'll  teach  you  to  come 
a  Dog  Tax  gathering.  The  terrified  collector  says :  What  the  deuce  are  you 
about  you  have  made  me  spill  all  my  Japan  Ink. 

For  the  dog  tax  see  No.  8794,  &c.   Probably  one  of  a  set  of  prints,  see 
No.  8541,  &c. 
ii|xi7|in. 

8803  GIVE  A  DOG  AN  ILL  NAME  THEY'LL  HANG  HIM. 
IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  May  10  1796  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of 
Careatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  and  Sheridan  kneel  on  a  rope 
attached  to  the  neck  of  a  mangy  dog  with  the  head  of  Pitt.  The  rope, 
inscribed  Vox  Popula  [sic],  runs  over  a  pulley  attached  to  a  gibbet,  from 
which  Pitt  is  suspended.  The  upright  of  the  gibbet  is  National  support, 
the  horizontal  Excise  Office,  and  a  cross-beam  forming  a  triangle  with  the 
other  two  is  Cross  Post.  Pitt's  head  is  much  caricatured,  his  body  is  almost 
bare  and  his  tail  hairless;  to  each  hind  leg  is  tied  a  bottle,  one:  Sherry, 
labelled  additional  Duty,  the  other:  Port,  labelled  New  Duty. 

On  the  ground  (1.)  a  dog  with  the  head  of  Dundas,  a  tartan  across  his 
shoulders  and  a  kettle  inscribed  not  my  Dog  tied  to  his  tail,  runs  off  in  the 
direction  of  a  signpost  pointing  To  Edinburgh.  Sheridan  (1.),  who  is  well 
dressed,  says,  A  good  way  to  save  the  Duty.  Fox  wears  a  waistcoat  with 
a  tattered  shirt  and  breeches,  but  has  a  neatly  powdered  wig.  He  says: 
/  suppose  he  catch' d  the  Mange  from  the  Dun  Dog. 

One  of  many  indications  of  Pitt's  unpopularity,  cf.  No.  8664,  &c.  For 
the  dog  tax  see  No.  8794,  &c. ;  for  the  wine  duty.  No.  8798,  &c.  'Cross 
post'  appears  to  be  an  allusion  to  the  increased  rate  of  postage  imposed 
in  the  budget  of  1796,  which  was  combined  with  a  new  regulation  of  by- 
and  cross-roads.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  1261. 
HJX9|in. 

8804  THE  HUSTINGS. 
X  [Gillray.] 

Pub^  May  21^  1796,  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  addresses  a  proletarian  mob  from 
some  point  apparently  under  the  portico  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden. 
He  stands  behind  a  railing,  and  bends  forward,  hat  in  hand,  clasping  to 
his  breast  the  Pewter-Pot  Bill,  saying.  Ever  guardian  of  your  most  sacred 
rights,  I  have  opposed  the  Pewter-Pot-Bill! ! !  The  crowd  look  up  at  him, 
cheering  and  shouting  a  Mug,  a  Mug.  They  wear  blue  and  buff  favours. 
In  the  foreground  are  H.L.  figures  of  a  little  chimney-sweep  with  the 
name  C.  Fox  Westminster  on  the  front  of  his  cap  (by  the  Act  of  1788  these 
boys  had  to  wear  their  master's  name  on  their  cap),  and  of  a  pot-boy, 
with  a  string  of  pewter  pots  slung  to  his  shoulder ;  he  holds  up  a  foaming 
pot  towards  Fox  inscribed  ^^ac/j  Slang — Tree  of  Liberty  Petty  France.  The 
same  inscription  is  indicated  on  his  pots.  Beneath  the  title :  Vox  populi, — 
"  We'll  have  a  Mug!— a  Mug!— a  Mug!— 

Mayor  of  Garret 
A  quotation  from  Foote's  comedy  (1763). 

Fox,  as  a  demagogue  addressing  a  Westminster  mob,  foreshadows  the 

251 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

general  election  (cf.  No.  8805).  He  spoke  on  20  Apr.  in  favour  of  the  'Bill 
for  preventing  the  purloining  of  pewter  pots',  by  which  publicans  were 
prohibited  from  sending  out  their  beer  by  pot-boys,  calling  it  'of  great 
public  utility'.  Lofid.  Chron.,  21  Apr.  1796.  For  the  Tree  of  Liberty  cf. 
No.  9214. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  203.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  151.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.    A  small  copy,  Grego,  Hist,  of  Parliamentary  Elections,  1892,  p.  301. 
lOj^e X  8|  in.  With  border,  i if  X  9ii  in. 

8805  THE  DISSOLUTION;  OR— THE  ALCHYMIST  PRODUCING 
AN  iETHERIAL  REPRESENTATION 

f  Qy  desetfed 

Pu¥  May  21^^  iyg6  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  as  an  alchemist,  but  dressed  as 
usual,  sits  in  his  laboratory  blowing  a  furnace  with  bellows  formed  of  a 
royal  crown.  The  furnace  heats  a  large  glass  retort  in  which  the  House 
of  Commons  is  being  dissolved :  the  galleries  are  collapsing,  the  Speaker's 
chair  is  breaking,  he  and  the  clerks  are  asleep,  the  broken  mace  drops  from 
the  table,  the  books  fly  into  the  air  and  ascend  with  documents,  &c.,  into 
the  curving  neck  of  the  retort:  Coke,  Acts,  Statutes,  Rights  of  Parliament, 
Magna  Charta,  Bill  of  Rights,  a  cap  of  Libertas,  the  scales  of  Justice  are 
flying  upwards.  The  Ministerial  members  applaud;  the  Opposition  are 
dismayed.  Sheridan  and  Fox,  though  tiny,  are  conspicuous  on  the  front 
bench.  A  stream  of  vapour  issues  from  the  mouth  of  the  retort  containing 
tiny  grovelling  figures  of  abject  members  who  fill  both  sides  of  another 
House  of  Commons  above  and  behind  the  alchemist's  head,  and  prostrate 
themselves  before  a  miniature  Pitt,  who  sits  on  a  throne  which  replaces 
the  Speaker's  chair,  and  is  inscribed  Perpetual  Dictator.  He  sits  arrogantly, 
holding  a  sceptre ;  his  legs  are  those  of  a  bird  of  prey  (cf.  No.  7478),  one 
foot  is  planted  on  Mag[na]  C[harta]  and  Acts  of  Parl[iameni\.  His  throne 
is  surmounted  by  his  crest,  a  stork  holding  an  anchor,  with  the  addition 
of  a  crown  on  the  bird's  head.  A  smaller  retort  on  the  extreme  1.,  inscribed 
Aqua  Regia,  adds  its  vapour  to  that  produced  by  Pitt.  (Aqua  Regia,  used 
punningly,  with  a  double  meaning,  is  a  mixture  of  nitric  and  hydrochloric 
acids  which  converts  metals,  even  gold,  into  chlorides.) 

Pitt  (the  Alchemist)  and  the  figures  he  is  evoking,  as  well  as  the  minis- 
terialists in  the  dissolving  House,  wear  the  blue  coat  with  red  facings  of 
the  Windsor  uniform.  He  sits  in  profile  to  the  r.  on  the  model  of  a  high 
rectangular  building,  'a  bastille',  having  a  row  of  windows  on  the  top 
story  only ;  it  is  a  Model  of  the  new  Barracks.  From  his  pocket  hangs  a 
paper:  Receipe — Antidotus  Republica.  On  the  r.  of  the  circular  furnace  is 
a  coal-scuttle,  inscribed  Treasury  Cole  (cf.  No.  6213),  and  overflowing  with 
guineas.  On  the  other  side  is  a  pestle  and  mortar  in  which  is  Britannia's 
shield,  about  to  be  broken  up. 

From  the  roof  hang  emblems  of  nefarious  wizardry :  a  crocodile,  a  heads- 
man's axe,  a  scorpion,  a  bull's  head,  a  locust  (cf.  No.  8669),  an  asp  issuing 
from  an  egg,  a  bat.  On  the  wall  are  three  rows  of  large  jars,  some  with 
inscriptions:  Ointment  of  Caterpillars  (beside  Pitt's  head,  cf.  No.  8676), 
[Universal  Panacea,  Oil  of  Influence,  Extract  of  British  Blood,  Spirit  of 
Sal:  Machiavel. 

A  satire  on  the  dissolution  of  Parliament  announced  on  19  May:  by 
Treasury  gold  and  Crown  influence  the  House  will  be  transformed  into 

252 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

one  completely  subservient  to  Pitt,  cf.  No.  8980.  The  building  of  barracks, 
which  was  regularly  opposed  after  the  Revolution  as  leading  to  military 
despotism,  became  necessary  during  the  war,  but  was  carried  out  rapidly 
and  without  parliamentary  sanction  or  adequate  Treasury  control.  This 
was  denounced  in  the  Commons  as  unconstitutional  on  8  Apr.  1796. 
Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  929  ff.  See  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army,  iv. 
903-7.   For  the  election  see  No.  8813,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  203.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  150.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.^ 
1830.   Reproduced,  Grego,  Hist,  of  Parliamentary  Elections,  p.  300. 
13^X9!  in. 

8806  THE  JERSEY  SMUGGLER  DETECTED ;— OR— GOOD 
CAUSE  FOR  SEPERATION  [scored  through  and  replaced  by]  DIS- 
CONTENT. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  May  24^  iyg6  hy  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  S^ 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Princess  of  Wales  (1.),  candle  in 
hand,  approaches  the  bed  of  the  Prince,  who  wakes  up,  raising  his  hands 
in  dismay.  Lady  Jersey  (here,  an  attractive  woman,  cf.  No.  881 1)  is  asleep, 
her  head  on  the  Prince's  shoulder,  her  arms  round  his  neck.  The  distressed 
Princess  wears  a  coronet  and  triple  ostrich  plume,  her  r.  arm  is  flung  back. 
Behind  her  (1.)  is  an  open  door  through  which  is  seen  the  baby  princess 
in  a  cradle  ornamented  with  the  Prince's  feathers,  with  which  his  bed  is 
also  decorated.  On  the  twisting  draperies  of  the  bed  is  the  star  of  the 
Garter.  Above  the  Princess's  head  hangs  a  Map  of  the  Road  back  to 
Brunswick. 

The  separation  of  the  Prince  and  Princess  and  the  part  taken  by  Lady 
Jersey  was  well  known  and  a  subject  of  intense  public  interest:  'every  one 
pities  and  execrates  the  different  parties'.  Lond.  Chron.,  30  May  1796. 
The  Princess  received  an  ovation  at  the  Opera  on  28  and  31  May,  Lady 
Jersey  (still  a  lady  of  the  Bedchamber  to  the  Princess)  was  in  actual  danger 
from  the  mob.  Leeds,  Political  Memoranda,  ed.  O.  Browning,  1884, 
pp.  221  ff. ;  C.  Abbot,  Diary,  1861,  i.  44,  52,  59,  61;  Corr.  of  Lord  Gran- 
ville Leveson  Gower,  1916,  i.  12 1-4.  See  Nos.  8807,  8809,  8810,  881 1, 
8816,  8818,  8824,  8982.  For  the  beginning  and  end  of  the  liaison  cf. 
Nos.  8485,  8983. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  208.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
9^X13!  in. 

8807  THE  GRAND-SIGNIOR  RETIRING. 

fGyd.etf 

Pu¥  May  25^^  1796.  hy  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured^  impressions).  The  Prince  of  Wales, 
very  fat  and  pompous,  in  night-cap,  dressing-gown,  and  slippers,  walks 
in  profile  along  a  corridor  leading  from  his  own  door  (r.),  above  which  are 
his  coronet  and  feathers,  towards  that  of  Lady  Jersey,  which  is  wide  open 
and  reveals  its  occupant  holding  apart  the  bed-curtains  with  a  gap-toothed 
grin.  Lord  Jersey,  dwarfish,  shambling,  and  elderly,  dressed  in  night- 
cap and  night-shirt  (on  which  i&  z.J  with  a  coronet),  stands  by  the  door, 
holding  a  candle  and  pointing  to  the  bed ;  he  raises  his  night-cap  deferen- 
tially to  the  Prince,  who  says,  with  contemptuous  arrogance,  va-t-en  (see 
'  In  'Caricatures',  iv.  78, 

253 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

No.  8809).  The  Prince  walks  on  a  fringed  strip  of  carpet.  On  the  open 
door  behind  Lord  Jersey  is  A  [torn]  Map  of  the  Road  into  the  Harbour 
<^fy^[sey] ;  the  islands  of  Guernsey,  Alderney,  Sark  and[Je]rsey  are  depicted, 
with  a  route  leading  to  Jersey  (cf.  No.  8810). 

See  No.  8806,  &c.  For  Jersey's  acquiescence,  and  his  subjection  to  his 
wife,  see  Diaries  of  Sylvester  Douglas,  ed.  F.  Bickley,  1928,  i.  99. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  208.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
9X12I  in. 

8808  JOHNNY  IN  A  FLATTING  MILL. 
[?West.] 

Pub  May  25  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner  of 
Sackville  Street  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Dundas  (r.)  turns  the  handle  of  a  machine 
in  which  two  cylinders  revolve  in  contact.  Pitt  (1.)  drags  out  by  the  wrists 
the  flattened  and  elongated  body  of  John  Bull  from  between  the  cylinders 
where  his  ankles  are  still  confined.  The  upper  cylinder  is  marked  loan 
loan;  the  lower,  subsidy  tax.  Pitt  says:  He'll  come  out  a  great  deal 
further  yet  turn  the  loan  stone  again  he  is  not  half  flat  enough!!  John 
Bull  turns  his  eyes  despairingly  towards  Pitt.  Both  his  tormentors  have 
discarded  their  coats ;  Dundas  wears  a  plaid  over  his  shirt. 

A  loan  of  ;^  18,000,000  was  part  of  the  Budget  for  1796  (introduced 
7  Dec.  1795);  its  terms  were  attacked  in  a  report  presented  on  9  Feb.  1796 
and  debated  on  26  Feb,  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  763-830.  Another  loan  of 
;^i8,ooo,ooo  had  been  raised  in  Feb.  1795  when  the  period  of  greatest 
difficulty  in  obtaining  loans  began.  Newmarch,  On  the  Loans  raised  by 
Mr.  Pitt,  iyg3-i8oi,  1855,  PP-  12-14.  The  subsidy  to  Austria  was 
strongly  opposed.  For  the  burden  of  subsidies  see  No.  8821,  &c.  A  varia- 
tion on  the  hopper  in  which  John  Bull  is  ground  down,  cf.  No.  8654,  &c. 

8809  SKETCHES  FROM  NATURE.!!! 
ICDel.   [Cruikshank.] 

London   Pub  May  28  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly   Folios  of 
Caricatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  design  in  four  com- 
partments. Beneath  the  title:  The  very  Stones  look  up  to  see.  Such  very 
Gorgeous  Harlotry,  Shameing  an  Honest  Nation. 

[i]  The  Sultan  Retiring 

The  Prince  of  Wales  in  flowered  dressing-gown  and  night-cap  stands 
arrogantly  with  folded  arms,  saying  Va-ten  [sic],  as  in  No.  8807,  to  the 
dwarfish  Lord  Jersey  (r.),  who  stands  deferentially  before  him,  holding  a 
candle,  and  raising  his  hand  to  his  forehead  with  a  senile  grin.  The  Prince 
stands  at  the  foot  of  Lady  Jersey's  bed  (1.),  where  she  lies  expectantly.  It 
is  decorated  with  two  earl's  coronets,  but  under  it  is  a  chamber-pot  orna- 
mented with  the  Prince's  feathers.  On  the  wall  (r.)  is  a  picture  of  a  turbaned 
and  arrogant  Turk,  standing  among  the  ladies  of  his  harem,  who  are  seated 
around  him.  Probably  imitated  from  No.  8807. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs  und  Kind,  Die  Weiberherrschaft,  i.  153. 
8x6|  in. 

254 


political  satires  1796 

[2]  Fashionable  Pastime 

Lady  Jersey  sits  on  a  settee,  holding  her  arms  above  her  head,  two 
fingers  in  each  hand  extended  to  simulate  horns.  Before  her  is  Lord 
Jersey,  bending  under  the  weight  of  the  Prince,  who  sits  on  his  shoulders ; 
he  supports  himself  by  resting  his  hands  on  his  wife's  lap.  The  Prince, 
very  fat  and  complacent  in  his  Light  Horse  uniform  (see  No.  8800),  wear- 
ing a  helmet,  with  slippers  and  ungartered  stockings,  holds  Jersey  by  the 
head,  his  fingers  extended  like  Lady  Jersey's  (as  in  Nos.  88 11,  8816),  and 
putting  a  hand  over  Jersey's  eyes  and  mouth.  Lady  Jersey  wears  a  loose  high- 
waisted  dress,  with  uncovered  breast,  and  flowing  hair.  Both  say:  Buck- 
Buck  how  many  Horns  do  I  hold  up.  Jersey  answers  one  you  say  &  two  there 
is  Buck  Buck.  A  cat  (1.)  slinks  off  to  the  1.  On  the  wall  behind  the  Prince 
(r.)  is  a  picture  of  Sir  R^  Worsley,  a  free  copy  of  No.  6109,  the  r.  portion 
being  cut  off  by  the  margin  of  the  design. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs  und  Kind,  Die  Weiberherrschaft,  i.  153. 
8  X  6  in. 

[3]  The  Discovery 

The  Princess  (r.)  draws  aside  the  fringed  curtains  of  a  bed  in  which  lie 
the  Prince  (awake  and  dismayed)  and  Lady  Jersey  (asleep).  She  looks 
aside,  weeping.  Above  her  head  are  the  words  Give  me  [sic]  all  you  can  & 
let  me  Dream  the  Res  [sic].^  Behind  her  head  is  a  H.L.  portrait  of  the  Duke 
of  Brunswick,  his  head  turned  towards  his  daughter  but  hidden  by  the 
Prince's  helmet,  which  hangs  from  the  frame. 
8fx6iin. 

[4]  Confidence  Betrayed 

The  Prince  is  seated  full-face,  with  a  distraught  expression,  his  1.  hand 
on  his  forehead,  his  r.  hovers  above  a  pistol  which  lies  on  a  table  beside 
him.   Lady  Jersey  stands  on  his  1.,  holding  an  open  letter  addressed  The 

D of  B c.  She  puts  her  forefinger  to  her  nose,  saying.  Here  would 

have  been  a  rare  Kettle  of  Fish  to  have  served  up  to  a  German  Prince.  Through 
an  open  window  (or  perhaps  in  a  picture)  behind  the  Prince  a  landscape 
is  indicated  with  forked  lightning. 

The  newspapers  published  accounts  of  the  fate  of  the  letter  sent  by  the 
Princess  to  her  father,  but  returned  by  the  messenger,  Dr.  Randolph  (who 
was  prevented  from  travelling),  to  Lady  Jersey  and  shown  by  her  to  the 
Prince.  Lond.  Chron.,  30  May  1796.  This  was  the  subject  of  two  satires 
(1796)  by  T.  J.  Mathias;  Epistle  in  verse  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Randolph  .  .  ., 
1796;  Equestrian  Epistle  in  verse  to  the  Earl  of  Jersey ....  The  correspon- 
dence between  Randolph  and  Lord  and  Lady  Jersey  was  published.  See 
Huish,  Memoirs  of  George  IV,  1830,  i.  383-7;  H.  E.  Lloyd,  George  IV, 
1830, 1 98-2 II,  and  Nos.  8982-3.  Thurlow  agreed  with  Leeds  (i  June  1796) 
that  'the  Prince's  strange  conduct  could  alone  be  imputed  to  madness,  and 
expressed  himself  as  much  struck  by  the  good  sense  and  discretion  which 
the  Princess  had  manifested  under  so  cruel  a  tryal'.  Leeds,  Political 
Memoranda,  ed.  O.  Browning,  1884,  p.  223.  The  people  greeted  her 
(31  May)  'with  a  transport  of  affectionate  respect'.  C.  Abbot,  Diary,  i.  59. 
See  No.  8806,  &c. 
8|x6  in.  Whole  design,  i6f  X  I2|  in. 

'  From  Pope's  Heloise  to  Abelard,  often  reprinted  in  the  eighteenth  century 
(cf.  No.  9283). 

255 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8810  FUTURE  PROSPECTS  OR  SYMPTOMS  OF  LOVE  IN  HIGH 
LIFE. 

Pu¥  May  31  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales  (r.),  rising  from 
his  chair,  kicks  over  a  tea-table,  the  crockery  sliding  to  the  ground,  and 
lying  broken  on  the  floor.  The  Princess  sits  on  a  settee  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  table,  her  infant  in  her  arms.  She  is  comely,  and  melancholy, 
with  downcast  eyes,  and  plainly  dressed  except  for  the  three  feathers  in 
her  hair.  Behind  the  Prince  (r.),  Lord  Jersey,  with  horns  on  his  head, 
opens  a  door,  pointing  behind  him  to  Lady  Jersey,  who  lies  on  a  sofa  in 
an  indecorous  attitude.  He  says :  My  Wife  is  waiting  for  you  in  the  next 
room. 

The  Prince  grasps  a  document  in  each  hand ;  the  inscription  on  one  has 
been  erased,  on  the  other  (1.)  it  is  Thoughts  on  Despotism.  From  his  coat- 
pocket  issues  A  Map  of  Jersey  (cf.  No.  8807),  under  his  feet  are  papers: 
Joe  the  Dustman,  The  History  of  Kings,  Marriage  a  La  Mode,  The  Tender 
Husband  a  Farce.   He  says :  Marriage  has  no  restraints  on  me!  no  Legal  tie 

can  bind  the  will — tis  free  &  shall  be  so The  Princess  says :  Obey, 

Alass  the  Task 's  Seviere  how  can  the  Female  Mind  with  pleasure  yield  when 
every  look 's  a  Frown!!/  Alass  poor  Babe!!! 

On  the  wall  is  a  picture  of  the  King  and  Queen  on  horseback,  with  a 
signpost  pointing  to  Windsor,  apparently  copied  from  The  Constant  Couple, 
No.  6918,  except  that  the  Queen  is  in  back  view,  her  head  turned  to  the 
King.  On  the  frame:  The  little  Wants,  dislikes,  preferences,  antipathies, 
fancies,  whims,  &  even  impertinence  of  Women  must  be  officiously  attended 
to,  flattered  &  if  possible  guesed  at,  and  anticipated  by  a  well  bred  Man. 

See  No.  8806,  &c.  A  complete  separation  between  the  Prince  and 
Princess  took  place  on  the  birth  of  the  Princess  (see  No.  8779).  The 
Prince's  words  suggest  a  parody  of  his  letter  of  30  Apr.,  saying,  'Our 
inclinations  are  not  in  our  power.'  (Quoted,  Fitzgerald,  Life  of  George  IV, 
1881,  p.  308.) 
9|xi4^|in. 

8811  FASHIONABLE-JOCKEYSHIP. 

J^  Gy  ad  vivam  del^  et  fed 

Pu¥  June  J*'  iyg6  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  in  Lady  Jersey's  bedroom. 
Lady  Jersey  as  an  old  hag  (cf.  No.  8806)  lies  in  a  magnificent  bed.  Lord 
Jersey,  carrying  the  Prince  of  Wales  on  his  back,  supports  himself  by  rest- 
ing his  hands  on  the  foot  of  the  bed.  The  Prince,  very  fat  in  his  famous 
Light  Horse  uniform  (see  No.  8800),  wearing  helmet,  gloves,  and  spurred 
boots,  and  the  Garter  ribbon,  holds  Jersey's  scraggy  queue  in  the  manner 
of  a  rein;  he  holds  up  two  fingers,  saying  (as  in  Nos.  8809,  8816),  Buck! 
Buck! — how  many  Horns  do  I  hold  up?  Jersey,  who  is  very  thin,  leers 
towards  the  Prince  out  of  the  corners  of  his  eyes,  saying.  E'en  as  many  as 
you  please!  Both  are  in  profile  to  the  r. ;  the  Prince's  eyes  are  hidden  by 
the  brim  of  his  helmet  as  in  No.  8816.  The  Princess's  coronet,  with  its 
triple  plume,  is  conspicuous  on  a  circular  close-stool  (1.)  which  is  decorated 
with  a  large  J  and  earl's  coronet.  On  the  wall  above  it,  in  an  ornate  oval 
frame,  is  a  picture  of  Cupid  piping  to  an  old  sow  who  dances  on  her  hind- 

256 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1796 

legs.  The  fringed  pelmet  of  the  bed  is  decorated  with  earl's  coronets  from 
which  spring  horns.   See  No.  8806,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  208.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
i3iX9|in. 

8812  BILLY  PLAYING  JOHNNY  A  DIRTY  TRICK— 

Tho'  Humphrey  deP  &  fed   [Gillray.]  first  Plate  June  r^  1796. 
Pu¥  June  J**  1796,  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  sits  in  profile  to  the  r.  against  the 
trunk  of  an  aged  and  quasi-derelict  tree  inscribed  Royal-Oak,  his  feet  rest- 
ing on  a  branch.  He  is  eating  a  small  crown  held  in  his  r.  hand,  and  is 
excreting  upon  the  head  of  a  sleeping  boy  seated  on  the  ground  leaning 
against  the  tree.  The  boy,  'Johnny',  holds  a  horn-book  inscribed  John  j 
Bull  I  A.B.C.  I  D.E.F. 

One  of  several  satires  in  which  Pitt  encroaches  on  the  power  of  the 
crown,  cf.  No.  8480.  As  in  Nos.  8816,  8817,  Gillray  adopts  a  juvenile 
technique  which  does  not  conceal  his  own  manner.  Cf.  No.  8430,  &c. 

8813  THE   NEW   MERCURY   DEDICATED   TO   THE   FREE   & 
INDEPENDENT  ELECTORS  OF  WESTMINSTER. 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  June  J*'  J  79  6  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of 
Caricatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Two  Westminster 
electors  sit  face  to  face  in  a  curiously  shaped  open  car,  or  'Mercury',  to 
each  end  of  which  a  horse  is  attached  by  a  band  across  the  chest.  The 
horses  have  the  heads  of  Sir  Alan  Gardner  (1.)  and  Fox  (r.),  each  is  lashed 
by  a  postilion,  and  each  attempts  to  gallop,  making  the  car  stationary.  The 
car  has  a  curved  and  symmetrical  body,  rising  behind  each  passenger  in 
a  point,  its  contour  resembling  a  crescent  with  the  horns  pointing  upwards. 
On  the  1.  and  in  profile  to  the  r.  sits  a  fat  and  elderly  parson,  his  hands 
clasped  on  his  chest.  On  the  1.  panel  of  the  car  is  a  crown.  On  the  r.  sits 
a  plainly  dressed  man  with  his  arms  folded ;  on  the  r.  panel  of  the  car  is 
the  cap  and  staff  of  Liberty.  Two  roads  diverge  behind  the  car  at  r.  angles 
to  that  on  which  the  horses  are  struggling,  but  take  a  curve  which  shows 
that  they  will  eventually  meet.  A  double  signpost  immediately  behind  the 
car  points  along  them:  (1.)  To  Peace,  (r.)  To  Prosperity.  The  parson  says: 
Aye  Aye  I  can  see  the  Road  our  Members  promised  to  take  us.  The  other  says : 
This  is  rare  Travelling  but  methinks  it  jolt  cursedly.  Home  Tooke  standing 
behind  the  signpost  looks  down  on  the  coach ;  he  says,  taking  a  pinch  of 
snuff:  A  Match  for  the  Kings  Plate  I  suppose. 

The  postilion  riding  Gardner  is  Pitt,  his  breeches  inscribed  Treasury 
Influence,  his  whip  is  headed  by  a  crown,  and  (in  the  coloured  impression) 
he  wears  the  Windsor  uniform.  A  signpost  by  the  horse's  head  points 
to  Despotism,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  Union  Jack.  The  other  postilion 
wears  a  tricolour  cap  and  jacket  and  slashes  his  horse.  The  r.  signpost 
points  to  Revolutionism  and  flies  a  tricolour  flag.  After  the  title :  Pull  Devil 
Pull  Baker. 

At  the  general  election  of  1796  the  agreement  made  in  1790  to  divide 

257  s 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Westminster  between  the  Ministry  and  the  Opposition,  each  party  sup- 
porting one  candidate  only,  still  held  good.  Hood  was  raised  to  the  English 
peerage  and  was  succeeded  by  Admiral  Sir  Alan  Gardner.  As  in  1790  (see 
Nos.  7638,  7652,  &c.)  Home  Tooke  intervened  but  did  not,  as  before,  attack 
Fox  for  his  'coalition'  with  the  ministerial  candidate  (cf.  No.  9270). 
Polling  continued  from  27  May  to  13  June.  While  Pitt  rides  to  'Despot- 
ism', Fox  is  represented  as  dominated  by  the  extremists  of  the  radical 
clubs;  cf.  his  letter  to  Lord  Holland  (1796),  Memorials  and  Correspondence 
of  C.J.  Fox,  1854,  iii.  135-6,  and  No.  8814.  Press  cuttings  relating  to  the 
election  are  in  B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27,837,  ff.  49-72.  See  also  Stephens, 
Life  of  Home  Tooke,  ii.  164-229.  For  the  election  see  Nos.  8814,  8815, 
8817,  9508.  Cf.  No.  8805.  For  the  desire  for  peace  cf.  No.  8792. 
9fXi6|in. 

8814  S.  ALAN.  GARDINER.  Covent  Garden.  [c.  June  1796] 
[Rowlandson.] 

Engraving.  Sir  Alan  Gardner  (1.)  in  naval  uniform,  bends  forward  to  cut 
off,  with  a  sickle  inscribed  Loyalty,  the  head  of  Fox,  which  is  planted  in 
the  ground  like  some  monstrous  vegetable,  the  hair  terminating  in  leaves. 
One  of  these  Gardner  holds,  saying.  My  Life  and  Services  are  ever  devoted 
to  my  King  &  Country.  Fox  says:  /  was  always  a  Staunch  Friend  to  the 
Crops  and  Sans  Culottes  but  this  damn'd  Crop  is  quite  unexpected.  Gardner 
stands  on  Constitutional  Ground.  Behind  him  stands  Britannia,  towering 
above  him,  and  holding  a  laurel  wreath  over  his  head;  she  says:  Go  on, 
Britain  approves  and  will  protect  you!  On  her  spear  is  the  cap  of  Liberty. 
More  'venemous'  democrats  are  being  drawn  towards  flames  by  the  Devil 
(r.),  a  figure  like  that  of  No.  6283.  He  puts  his  trident-like  rake  in  the  neck 
of  Home  Tooke,  who  has  a  reptilian  body  with  a  barbed  tail  and  feline 
claws,  saying.  Long  look' d  for  come  at  last  Welcome  thou  Staunch  Friend  and 
faithful  Servant,  enter  thou  onto  the  Hot-bed  prepared  for  thee.  Tooke,  his 
head  in  profile  to  the  r.,  says.  Now  will  no  prospering  Virtue  gall  my  jaun- 
diced Eye — nor  people  fostered  by  a  beloved  Sovereign  and  defended  by  the 
Wisdom  of  his  Counsellors. — To  Anarchy  &  Confusion  I  will  blow  my  Horne, 
and  wallow  in  every  thing  that 's  damnable.  The  Devil  clutches  in  the  talons 
of  his  r.  foot  the  head  of  Thelwall,  who  says.  This  will  not  Tell  well.  His 
1.  foot  tramples  the  neck  of  Hardy,  who  says,  /  was  Fool  Hardy.  In  the 
background  is  a  man-of-war.  Queen,  her  flag  inscribed  June  i^K  Below 
the  title:  Weeds  carefully  eradicated,  &  Venemous  Reptiles  destroyed  \  by 
Royal  Patent  |  God  save  the  King. 

For  the  Westminster  election  see  No.  8813,  &c.  Gardner  commanded 
the  Queen  at  the  battle  of  the  First  of  June,  the  losses  on  his  ship  being 
exceptionally  severe,  and  was  made  a  baronet  for  his  services.  Thomas 
Hardy,  Tooke,  and  Thelwall  had  been  tried  for  high  treason  in  1794.  Cf. 
No.  8502. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  327. 
7|Xi2|in. 

8815  [THE  WESTMINSTER  ELECTION,  1796.] 
EtcKd  by  M.  N.  Bate  from,  a  Drawing  by  R.  Dighton. 

Engraving.  A  design  in  outline  crowded  with  figures  almost  all  fully 
characterized  and  probably  portraits.  The  foreground  is  filled  with  West- 
minster electors  of  note,  interspersed  with  street  sellers.    Behind,  and  about 

258 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1796 

on  a  level  with  the  hats  of  the  crowd,  is  the  floor  of  the  hustings,  a  timber 
structure  backed  by  St,  Paul's  church;  it  recedes  diagonally  from  the 
spectator  (r.  to  1.).  It  is  divided  into  seven  sections  by  six  posts  on  which 
are  boards  with  the  names  of  the  Westminster  parishes.  The  two  boards 
on  the  extreme  1.  are  without  inscriptions  and  evidently  belong  to  the  two 
small  parishes  of  St.  Mary-le-Strand  and  St.  Clement  Danes.  Next  is 
S'  Martin's ;  above  the  board  is  the  state  of  the  poll :  Hon  C  J  Fox  4625  \ 
S^  A  Gardner  4496  \  H  Tooke  Es  2560.  To  the  1.  of  this  post  Gardner, 
in  naval  uniform,  wearing  his  hat,  addresses  the  crowd  with  folded  arms. 
The  other  two  candidates  stand  hat  in  hand:  Home  Tooke  on  the  1.,  Fox 
standing  with  his  1.  arm  round  the  next  post,  that  of  S*^  Pauls  &  S'  Martins 
Le  Grand.  On  the  r.,  on  the  hustings,  are  many  persons,  among  whom  a 
man  wearing  spectacles  resembles  'Liberty'  Hall,  the  secretary  of  the  Whig 
Club.  The  last  post  (r.)  has  the  board  of  5'  Anns.  At  the  end  (r.)  a  man 
wearing  a  cocked  hat  leans  against  the  wall,  he  has  some  resemblance  to 
Captain  Morris.  A  sailor  has  climbed  up  the  hustings,  and  looks  down, 
grinning. 

The  crowd  in  the  Piazza  is  many  ranks  deep ;  it  chiefly  consists  of  well- 
dressed  men,  especially  on  the  r.  On  the  1.  the  crowd  recedes  in  perspective 
to  the  house  next  the  church,  the  piazza  and  street  being  densely  packed. 
Carriages  and  horses  are  visible  above  the  heads  of  the  people.  A  rider 
follows  a  high  gig  on  which  is  a  coronet.  Two  coaches  pass  (r,  to  1.),  both 
with  coronets  on  the  hammer-cloth,  and  containing  attractive  women 
wearing  feathers.  In  the  foreground  on  the  extreme  1.  is  a  stand  for 
spectators,  a  high  timber  structure  roughly  put  together  (one  was  blown 
down  on  30  May,  Lond.  Chron.,  1  June).  Its  occupants  look  down  at  the 
hustings  opposite ;  a  ragged  boy  has  climbed  up  to  a  projecting  beam. 

Below,  and  on  the  extreme  1.,  a  fashionably  dressed  and  very  ugly 
woman  walks  arm  in  arm  with  a  man  away  from  the  hustings ;  she  is  the 
only  woman  in  the  crowd,  street-sellers  excepted.  A  dwarfish  grinning  boy 
holds  out  a  sheaf  of  papers :  Home  Tooke  Esr  Speech.  Behind  him  a  man 
threatens  with  his  fists  a  rough  man  riding  an  ass  with  paniers ;  the  crowd 
is  otherwise  orderly,  though  a  constable  (perhaps  Townsend)  near  the  r. 
of  the  hustings  holds  up  his  staff.  A  handsome  man  in  riding-dress  (1.)  is 
a  conspicuous  figure.  Next  is  a  ragged  man  with  a  sheaf  of  walking-sticks 
and  a  basket  of  broadsides  and  ribbons.  The  only  persons  wearing  favours 
are  two  women :  one,  in  the  centre  foreground,  holds  out  a  sheaf  of  The 
Sp\ee\ches  of  Hon  C  Fox  S''  Alan  Gardner  Home  Tooke  Esq,  her  favour  is 
Fox  for  Ever.  The  other,  old  and  ugly,  offers  papers  to  a  very  fat  man 
wearing  a  cocked  hat,  her  large  favour  is  Home  Tooke  for  ever. 

A  prominent  figure  (r.),  very  corpulent,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  wearing 
spectacles,  resembles  the  Marquis  of  Buckingham  (cf.  No.  8641).  A  stout 
man  in  top-boots  holds  a  cheque:  Drummond  .  .  .  with  the  signature 
J.  Gregory.  Behind  him  stands  Whitefoord  in  profile  to  the  1.  looking 
through  a  glass  as  in  No,  8169.  In  front  of  the  sailor  is  Hanger,  looking 
to  the  1.,  his  bludgeon  under  his  arip.  A  head  in  profile  to  the  I.,  wearing 
a  cocked  hat,  to  the  r.  of  Hanger,  resembles  Grafton.  In  the  second  row 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk  (r.)  turns  his  head  in  profile  to  the  r.  Above  the 
crowd  (r.)  rise  the  head  and  shoulders  of  the  artist,  Dighton,  drawing ;  he 
rests  his  paper  on  a  low  penthouse  attached  to  the  end  of  the  hustings. 
All  the  men,  except  those  few  specified  as  wearing  cocked  hats,  wear  round 
hats.  On  the  gable-end  of  the  hustings  (r.)  election  bills  are  posted. 

A  realistic  representation  of  the  election.  The  figures  indicate  the  poll 

259 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

on  Saturday,  ii  June  1796,  so  that  the  scene  is  probably  the  closing  day, 
the  13th:  Fox  5,160,  Gardner  4,814,  Home  Tooke  2,819.  (These  totals 
are  falsified  in  No.  9508.)  The  orderly  scene  should  be  compared  with 
Westminster  election  prints  of  1780,  1784,  1788,  and  in  later  years.  The 
candidates  had  agreed  that  election  favours  should  not  be  distributed.  In 
spite  of  the  compromise  (see  No.  8813)  political  issues  were  hotly  urged: 
Fox  asked  the  electors  to  demonstrate  their  opposition  to  'a  war  that 
beggars  you'  and  'bills  that  enslave  you'  (see  No.  8687,  &c.).  Home  Tooke 
was  more  demagogic,  and  his  speeches  appear  to  have  been  still  more 
popular.  Gardner,  who  said,  'I  am  not  accustomed  to  speak  in  public, 
nor  am  1  master  of  that  eloquence  which  the  other  candidates  possess', 
was  much  guyed  by  Tooke.  Jordan's  Collection  of  all  the  addresses  and 
Speeches  .  .  .,  1796.  See  No.  8813,  &c.  Cf.  Dighton's  water-colour  of  the 
1788  election,  vol.  vi.  515. 
22fX3o|in. 

8815  a  THE  WESTMINSTER  ELECTION  1796 

Engraved  by  H.  S.  Sadd  from  a  Drawing  by  Robert  Dighton 

A  final  state  (coloured  impression)  mezzotinted  by  Sadd  and  published 
by  him  in  1839. 

8816  THE     ODD     TRICK.— OR— NUNKEE     GAINING     THE 
HONORS. 

Tho^  Humphrey  des.  et  fed   [Gillray.] 

Pu¥  June  16*''  lygO.  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  game  of  cards  at  a  round  table  in 
which  Lord  Jersey  (1.)  and  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  (r.)  face  each  other  in  profile. 
Lady  Jersey  sits  full-face,  her  head  turned  in  profile  towards  her  husband 
and  lover:  the  Prince  has  left  his  place  (indicated  by  a  stool  decorated  with 
his  feathers)  as  Lady  Jersey's  partner  to  stand  behind  Lord  Jersey,  his 
hands  resting  on  his  head,  forefingers  raised  to  form  horns  as  in  Nos.  8809, 
881 1.  Lady  Jersey  has  taken  seven  tricks;  her  husband  has  laid  on  the 
table  before  him  the  ace  and  three  court  cards.  All  the  players  raise  their 
hands  in  surprise.  The  Prince  wears  his  Light  Horse  uniform  (cf.  No. 
8800),  his  eyes  being  concealed  by  his  helmet  as  in  No.  88ii.  Lady  Jersey 
wears  three  tall  feathers  in  her  hair,  a  locket  inscribed  J  hangs  from  her 
neck.  The  fatness  of  the  Prince  and  Mrs.  Fitzherbert  contrasts  with  the 
leanness  of  the  other  two.  A  candle-sconce  is  on  the  wall. 

See  No.  8806,  &c.  For  the  signature  and  manner  see  No.  8812,  &c. 
7|xio|in. 

8817  THE  TREE  OF  CORRUPTION,— WITH  JOHN  BULL  HARD 
AT  WORK. 

Th(f  Humphrey  des.  et  fed — (tged  13  Years  [Gillray.] 
Pub^  June  22*^  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  very  fat  John  Bull  (r.),  in  profile  to 
the  1.,  tugs  hard  at  a  rope  which  is  round  the  fork  of  a  tree,  trying  hard 
to  pull  it  down,  his  1.  foot  planted  on  the  trunk.  In  the  branches  are  the 
heads  of  Dundas  (I.)  and  Pitt  (c.)  in  profile  to  the  r.,  and  of  ( ?)  Lough- 

260 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

borough  looking  towards  Pitt  and  wearing  a  collar  inscribed  To  be  Killed 
off.  Dundas,  wearing  a  tartan  neckcloth,  is  plethoric,  Pitt  drink-blotched 
and  smiling.  Near  the  heads  are  three  money-bags:  Sinecures,  Treasury 
Pickings,  Secret  Service  Money,  and  a  scroll.  Pensions.  Against  the  trunk 
(1.)  lies  a  headsman's  axe.  Beneath  the  title:  ''Yes,  honest  John!  by  your 
Pulling,  you  have  Shaken  it!— pull  again  &  it  mil  Totter,  pull  once  more, 
&  it  will  fall" — Vide  Home  Tooke  Speech  Answer  to  Home  Tooke 

'*  You  may  pluck  up  a  Hazel  &  pull  up  a  Pea, 
But  there  ne'er  was  a  Man,  that  could  pull  down  a  Tree 
And  so  Honest  John  if  you'd  pluck  off  the  Fruit, 
Leave  pulling  alone,  lay  the  Ax  to  the  Root! 
Quoted  from  a  speech  of  4  June  1796  at  the  Westminster  election,  see 
No.  8813,  &c.,  printed  Stephens,  Life  of  Home  Tooke,  n.  195-7.   Gillray 
alters  'gentlemen'  to  'Honest  John',  and  makes  other  changes.    These 
speeches  were  published  as  election  hand-bills,  see  No.  8815,  and  appear 
in  No.  9240.    A  leaflet  'To  the  Electors  of  Westminster.     We  are  tied  to 
a  Tree — The  Tree  of  Corruption —  .  .  .'  was  issued  8  June  1796.  (B.M.L., 
1389.  d.  9/2.) 

The  line  has  a  studied  childishness  in  keeping  with  the  signature,  but 
the  hand  of  Gillray  is  not  concealed;  cf.  No.  8812,  &c. 
i2X9i  in. 

8818  ENCHANTMENTS  LATELY  SEEN  UPON  THE  MOUN- 
TAINS OF  WALES,— OR— SHON-AP-MORGAN'S  RECONCILE- 
MENT TO  THE  FAIRY  PRINCESS. 

J'  &  des:  etfed 

Pu¥  June  jo**  1796.  by  H:  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  On  a  small  plateau  on  the  top  of  a 
mountain  the  Princess  of  Wales  (1.)  reaches  up  to  kiss  the  Prince  of  Wales 
(r.),  who  has  the  body,  horns,  and  beard  of  a  fat  goat.  He  kneels  on  one 
knee,  his  forelegs  round  her  waist ;  her  arms  are  round  his  neck.  A  star 
and  ribbon  are  indicated  on  his  body.  She  wears  her  coronet  with  three 
tall  feathers,  and  her  draperies  swirl  about  her.  In  the  middle  distance  are 
two  rocky  pinnacles;  on  one  (1.)  three  men  dance  hand  in  hand:  Lough- 
borough in  back  view  wearing  his  Chancellor's  wig  and  gown,  the  Duke 
of  York  wearing  a  cocked  hat  and  his  star,  and  Lord  Cholmondeley.  From 
the  other.  Lady  Jersey  (with  the  arms  and  legs  of  a  goat)  staggers  back- 
wards, she  has  horns,  and  three  feathers  fall  from  her  head.  Lord  Jersey, 
with  the  body  of  a  goat  and  long  horns,  is  about  to  fall.  They  are  being 
hurled  from  the  rock  by  thunderbolts  inscribed  with  the  words  What? — 
What? — What?  (the  King's  well-known  phrase)  which  issue  from  heavy 
clouds,  showing  that  it  is  the  King  who  has  overthrown  them.  Behind 
them  is  the  sea  with  a  small  island  flying  a  flag  inscribed  Jersey. 

A  satire  on  the  resignation  of  Lady  Jersey  (on  25  June)  and  the  supposed 
reconciliation  of  the  Piince  and  Princess.  It  was  announced  in  the  papers 
that  owing  to  the  intervention  of  the  King  and  the  good  offices  of  the 
Duke  of  York  and  Lord  and  Lady  Cholmondeley  the  Prince  had  returned 
to  Carlton  House  and  dined  with  the  Princess.  Land.  Chron.,  30  June  1796. 
Cf.  No.  8806,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  208-9.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced, 
Fuchs,  p.  263. 


9Xi3igin. 


261 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8819  A  PROOF  OF  THE  REFIN'D  FEELINGS  OF  AN  AMIABLE 
CHARACTER,  LATELY  A  CANDIDATE  FOR  A  CERTAIN 
ANCIENT  CITY.  [?  June  1796] 

[Gillray.] 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  spectacled  man, 
wearing  riding-dress  with  spurred  top-boots,  seizes  a  stout  lady  by  the 
hair  and  flourishes  a  riding-whip,  saying.  Pro  bono  Patriae.  A  younger 
man  (1.)  puts  his  hand  on  his  shoulder,  saying,  Fll  support  you.  He  is  wildly 
cheered  by  an  election  crowd  (1.),  who  wave  their  hats.  The  lady's  feathered 
bonnet  lies  on  the  ground,  her  hair  streams  down  her  back,  and  she  holds 
out  her  arms  in  terror.  A  group  of  cathedral  clergy  stand  on  the  r.  watching 
with  gestures  and  expressions  of  alarm  and  disapproval.  Behind  is  a  square 
church  tower  (r.)  with  pinnacles. 

The  costume  suggests  the  year  1796.  In  the  general  election  polling 
took  place  in  three  cathedral  cities — Canterbury,  Norwich,  and  Carlisle 
(where  a  scrutiny  confirmed  the  poll). 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  203-4.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  153.   Reproduced, 
Grego,  Hist,  of  Parliamentary  Elections,  1892,  p.  293. 
9Xi3|in. 

8820  TURN-COATS  AND  CUT-THROATS. 
I.K.  1796   [Kay.] 

Engraving.  Men  are  fighting  with  clubs  on  a  wide  upper  landing  and  on 
a  flight  of  stairs  (r.)  which  leads  to  the  hall  below.  Two  doors  open  on 
to  the  landing,  over  one  (r.)  is  inscribed  Freedom  of  Election;  through  the 
other  more  men  are  seen  with  clubs,  advancing  to  join  the  fray. 

During  the  general  election  of  1796  the  boroughs  of  Inverkeithing 
(including  also  Stirling,  Dunfermline,  Queensferry,  and  Culross)  were 
contested  by  Sir  John  Henderson  of  Fordel  (the  ministerial  candidate)  and 
the  Hon.  Andrew  Cochrane  Johnstone.  The  election  of  a  delegate  for 
Dunfermline  was  of  vital  importance.  To  secure  this  (for  Johnstone)  a 
party  of  Dunfermline  councillors  were  lodged  at  the  inn  at  Kinghorn, 
where  the  Town  Clerk,  John  Hutton,  and  the  hostess  of  the  chief  inn, 
Johanna  (or  Luckie)  Skinner,  were  expert  in  managing  elections.  The  inn 
was  assaulted  (unsuccessfully)  by  a  body  from  Dunfermline,  including 
colliers  from  Fordel  (supporters  of  Henderson).  After  a  series  of  incidents, 
arrests,  &c.,  Johnstone  was  elected  (20  June),  though  the  delegate  for 
Dunfermline  voted  for  Sir  John  because  the  councillors  who  had  been 
successfully  taken  to  Kinghorn  were  under  arrest.  The  election  was  con- 
firmed on  petition  (Mar.  1797).  The  persons  depicted  include  Col. 
Erskine,  the  leader  of  the  attacking  party,  Hutton,  and  Skinner,  and  a 
postilion  at  the  foot  of  the  stairs  who  did  great  execution  with  the  spoke 
of  a  wheel. 

'Collection',  No.  212.   Kay,  No.  cccvii. 
7X6f  in. 

8821  THE  BRITISH  MENAGERIE 
IC   [Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  July  5'*  lygO  by  W.  S.  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 

ville  St — Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).    The  interior  of  a 
menagerie;  the  animals  represent  the  sovereigns  of  Europe  and  have 

262 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1796 

numbers  referring  to  notes  beneath  the  design.  Pitt  (1.)  stands  in  profile 
to  the  I.,  Hfting  in  both  hands  a  shovel-full  of  guineas  which  he  puts  into 
the  mouth  of  a  gigantic  leopard,  in  a  cage  which  is  raised  above  the  level 
of  the  ground  and  stretches  across  the  1.  wall.  Beside  him  is  a  bucket  full 
of  guineas.  Behind  him  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bull  stand  together,  a  dismayed 
couple  of  sightseers.  Pitt  says :  You  see  Tkf  Bull  how  voraciously  he  Swallows 
the  Guineas  he  is  very  tame  I  assure  you  notwithstanding  his  terrific  appear- 
ance. Mrs.  Bull  says:  They  do  bolt  them  rarely,  to  be  sure  the  Eagles  dont 
seem  half  satisfied.  A  voracious  double-headed  eagle,  a  crown  attached  to 
a  neck,  stands  on  the  top  of  the  leopard's  cage  and  stretches  its  necks  for 
the  guineas.  They  are  i  The  Austrian  Leopard,  a  very  fierce  Animal 
originally  but  now  remarkably  tame  and  2  The  Prussian  Eagle  also  famous 
for  gold  eating.  On  a  perch  beside  the  eagle  a  crowned  cock  sits  quietly ; 
he  is  3  The  Gallic  Cock,  formerly  a  great  crower! — but  now  quietly  at  roost 
in  the  Menagerie.  (Monsieur  (recently  expelled  from  Italy)  was  in  Ger- 
many, Artois  was  at  Holyrood.) 

Beneath  the  leopard's  cage  are  a  gigantic  frog  (resembling  an  otter)  in 
a  tub  on  the  extreme  1.  and  next  it  a  hedgehog  in  a  cage.  They  are  9  A 
Dutch  Frog  {a  remarkable  sleeper)  and  5  A  Sardinian  Hedge  Hog  lately 
imported. 

Two  large  cages  are  one  above  the  other  against  the  back  wall,  and  just 
behind  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bull.  In  the  lower  one  a  crowned  bear  sits  appa- 
rently asleep ;  above,  a  crowned  pig  puts  its  head  greedily  through  the  bars. 
They  are  4  The  Russian  Bear — a  very  prudent  Animal  and  10  A  Swedish 
Pig.  On  the  r.  stands  Dundas,  in  full  Highland  dress,  with  feathered 
bonnet,  plaid,  dirk,  and  sporran.  His  finger-nails  are  talons  and  he 
scratches  his  arm  in  accordance  with  a  stock  gibe  at  the  Scots  (cf.  No. 
5940).  He  holds  a  long  wand  surmounted  by  a  crown  and  says,  pointing 
to  the  r..  Walk  in  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  and  See  the  curiosities  the  only 
Complete  Collection  in  Europe  the  last  Beast  now  bringing  in  has  long  kept 
the  World  at  Bay — he  now  is  as  tame  as  the  Austrian  Leopard!/  Wha 
Walks  in — Wha  walks  in  to  view  the  British  Menagerie.  Two  men,  one  a 
sailor,  bring  in  on  their  shoulders  a  cylindrical  cage  in  which  crouches  the 
Pope,  wearing  his  triple  crown  and  holding  his  cross.  He  is  ii  The  Whore 
of  Babylon  who  once  was  Master  of  All  Europe,  but  now  glad  to  find  a  place 
in  this  Menagerie.  In  the  foreground  on  the  extreme  r.  are  two  small  rats 
which  have  come  from  a  little  kennel  and  are  nibbling  a  paper  inscribed 
Manof.  They  are  6  &  y  Conde  and  Brunswick  Mice — very  tame  they  have 
subsisted  for  some  time  on  the  fragments  of  old  Manifestoes.  Behind  them  is 
8  A  Neapolitan  Bat,  a  bat  in  a  cage. 

A  satire  on  the  heavy  burdens  due  to  subsidies  to  allies  who  were  greedy 
but  inert.  For  the  loan  to  Austria  see  No.  8658,  &c.  England,  in  the  spring 
of  1796,  held  back  the  subsidy  promised  to  Vienna ;  Prussia  had  made  peace 
with  France  in  1795 ;  a  British  mission  to  Berlin  (July-Aug.  1796)  offering 
territorial  gains  in  Germany  or  the  Netherlands  failed.  Camb.  Hist,  of 
Br.  Foreign  Policy,  i.  262,  264,  267.  Russia's  part  had  been  one  of  calculated 
aloofness,  though  she  was  the  nominal  ally  of  England  (Feb.  1795)  and  had 
been  offered  an  annual  subsidy  of  a  million  in  exchange  for  50,000  men. 
But  in  Aug.  1796  Catherine  determined  to  send  troops  to  the  Rhine. 
New  subsidies  were  offered  to  Vienna  (as  to  Berlin).  Guyot,  Le  Directoire 
et  la  Paix  de  VEurope,  1912,  pp.  100  f.,  228  f.  The  annual  subsidy  to  the 
king  of  Sardinia  was  opposed,  3  May  1796,  on  the  ground  of  the  probability 
of  peace  (and  perhaps  alliance)  between  France  and  Sardinia.  Pari.  Register^ 

263 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

xliv.  (bound  as  vol,  60)  593-6.  It  was  withheld,  and  peace  was  made  on 
15  May  1796.  For  the  torpid  Stadholder,  a  refugee  living  at  Hampton 
Court,  see  No.  8822.  For  Brunswick's  manifesto  and  defeat  (1792)  see 
No.  8125,  &c.  The  humiliation  of  the  Pope  (threatened  in  1792,  see 
No.  8290)  by  Bonaparte  is  anticipated,  see  No.  8997.  For  French  satires 
on  these  sovereigns  and  the  gold  of  Pitt  see  Nos.  8363,  8674.  For  the 
burden  of  subsidies  cf.  Nos.  8477,  8488,  8494,  8658,  8664,  8672,  8808, 
9013,  9038,  9164,  9285,  9286,  9338,  9400,  9544. 
iif  Xi7  in. 

8822  THE  ORANGERIE;— OR— THE  DUTCH  CUPID  REPOSING, 
AFTER  THE  FATIGUES  OF  PLANTING.— 

J"  Gy  inv:  et  fed 

Pu¥  Sepf  16^^  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey.  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  William  V  of  Orange,  a  naked  fat  Cupid, 
lies  on  his  back  asleep  on  a  low  plateau  of  grass  sprinkled  with  flowers. 
He  clasps  a  spade  in  his  folded  hands ;  his  shoulders  rest  against  two  large 
money-bags,  padlocked  and  inscribed  24,000,000  Ducats.  He  has  been 
planting  orange-trees,  and  these  surround  him,  of  varying  sizes,  in  pots 
and  in  tubs ;  the  oranges  are  the  heads  of  infants,  all  with  his  own  features. 
Dream-figures  float  towards  him  on  clouds,  all  women  in  an  advanced  state 
of  pregnancy.  Behind  him  (1.)  floats  a  milk-woman,  her  yoke  across  her 
shoulders,  her  pail  on  her  head.  Next  advances,  full-face,  a  fat  Billingsgate 
woman,  her  basket  of  fish  on  her  head.  These  two  appear  to  be  shouting 
at  the  sleeping  Cupid.  From  the  r.  approaches  a  housemaid  carrying  a 
mop;  behind  her  three  haymakers,  holding  rake  or  pitchfork,  approach 
together,  followed  by  serried  ranks  of  country  women  all  wearing  straw 
hats.  After  the  title :  Vide,  The  Visions  in  Hampton  Bower. 

The  Stadholder  came  to  England  as  a  refugee  in  Jan.  1795,  see  No.  8631. 
See  Farington,  Diary,  i.  86-7.  Lord  Holland  writes:  'When  the  Prince  of 
Orange  resided  at  Hampton  Court,  his  amours  with  the  servant-maids 
were  supposed  to  be  very  numerous.'   For  his  somnolence  cf.  No.  9065. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  212-13.   Van  Stolk,  No.  5386.   Muller,  No.  5466. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Jensen,  p.  148. 
9|Xi3f  in. 

8822  A  A  reduced  version,  coloured,  no  title,  signed  J^  Gy  d.  et  f  and 
inscribed  Pu¥  by  H.  Humphrey. 

2fX3|in. 

8823  THE  CANEING  IN  CONDUIT  STREET. 
[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Oct"  I'*  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  naval  officer  (r.)  is  attacked  by 
a  taller  and  slimmer  officer  (1.),  who  siezes  him  by  the  coat  and  raises  his 
cane  to  strike.  A  civilian  stands  between  them  holding  back  the  aggressor. 
The  stout  officer.  Captain  Vancouver,  wears  an  enormous  sword;  a  fur 
mantle  hangs  from  his  shoulders  inscribed  This  Present  from  the  King  of 
Owyhee  to  George  HI"^  forgot  to  be  delivered.  From  his  coat-pocket  hangs 
a  scroll  which  rests  on  the  ground,  part  being  still  rolled  up :  List  of  those 
disgraced  during  the  Voyage — put  under  Arrest  all  the  Ships  Crew — Put  into 

264 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

Irons,  every  Gentleman  on  Board — Broke  every  Man  of  Honor  &  Spirit — 
Promoted  Spies —  His  1.  foot  is  on  an  open  book:  Every  Officer  is  the 
Guardian  of  his  own  Honor.  Lord  Grenvills  Letter.  From  the  pocket  of  the 
civilian  (Vancouver's  brother)  projects  a  paper:  Cha^  Rearcovers  Letter  to 
be  published  after  the  Parties  are  bound  to  keep  y  Peace. 

Vancouver's  assailant,  Lord  Camelford,  says:  Give  me  Satisfaction, 
Rascal! — draw  your  Sword,  Coward!  what  you  won't? — why  then  take  that 
Lubber!— &  that!  &  that!  &  that!  &  that!  &  that!  &  —  Vancouver, 
staggering  back,  with  arms  outstretched,  shouts:  Murder! — Murder! — 
Watch! — Constable! — keep  him  off  Brother! — while  I  run  to  my  Lord- 
Chancellor  for  Protection!  Murder!  Murder!  Murder.  Behind  him,  on  the 
ground,  lies  a  pile  of  shackles  inscribed  For  the  Navy.  Two  very  juvenile 
sailor-boys  stand  together  (1.)  watching  with  delight.  On  Vancouver's  r. 
is  the  lower  part  of  a  shop  (r.)  showing  a  door  and  window  in  which  skins 
are  suspended.  Round  the  door  are  inscriptions:  The  South-Sea-Fur- 
warehouse  from  China.  Fine  Black  Otter  Skins.  No  Contraband  Goods  sold 
here.  After  the  title:  Dedicated  to  the  Flag  Officers  of  the  British  Navy. 

Vancouver  returned  from  his  voyage  of  discovery  in  1795  and  devoted 
himself  to  preparing  his  journals  for  publication.  This,  according  to  the 
Lond.  Chron.,  5  Oct.  1796,  was  the  reason  he  gave  for  not  accepting 
the  challenge  of  Lord  Camelford  whom  he  had  flogged,  put  in  the  bilboes 
(cf.  No.  7672),  and  discharged  to  the  shore  during  his  voyage.  According 
to  the  D.N.B.  (where  the  date  is  incorrect),  Vancouver  expressed  his 
willingness  to  fight  if  any  flag-officer  should  decide  that  he  owed  Camelford 
satisfaction,  while  the  caning  was  prevented  by  bystanders.  Here,  the 
intervener  is  Vancouver's  brother,  probably  John,  who  edited  the  post- 
humously published  Voyage  of  Discovery  .  .  .,  1798.  Gillray  appears  to 
identify  him  with  the  Charles  Vancouver  who  wrote  on  agriculture,  1794- 
18 13.  For  Camelford's  eccentric  and  insubordinate  career  see  D.N.B. 
The  print  may  reflect  the  growing  discontent  due  to  harsh  naval  discipline, 
cf.  No.  9021. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  213-14.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  154.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9|xi3iin. 

8824  A  LESSON  FOR  PRINCES 
/  C   [Cruikshank,] 

London  Pub  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  October  12  iyg6. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales,  in  plain  riding- 
dress,  very  fat,  sits  on  a  horse  with  Lady  Jersey  behind  him;  she  wears 
a  riding-habit  and  a  round  hat  with  a  feather.  The  horse  stands  facing 
a  gate  in  a  high  stone  wall  which  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  in  military 
uniform,  holds  open,  saying.  Tell  him  I  am  not  at  home',  the  Prince  has 
let  his  reins  drop  in  his  surprise,  and  says.  Sure — you  dont  say  so!!  On 
the  gate-post  is  inscribed  Steel  traps  &  Spring  Guns  Set  in  these  Grounds 
&  Fortifications  (cf.  No.  6921,  &c.).  A  signpost  points  (1.)  To  Goodwood. 
In  front  of  the  horse : 

Solid  men  of  Brighton  take  care  of  your  houses 
Solid  men  of  Brighton  take  care  of  your  Spouses  &c 
Behind  the  horse  (r.)  is  the  spiked  gateway  of  another  property.  Through 
it  looks  a  man  (Barwell),  saying  to  the  Prince's  companion.  Tell  him  I  am 
going  to  set  off  for  London.  She  says :  Curse  on  their  Prudish  maxims!!  we'll 

265 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL   SATIRES 

teach  the  rising  race  of  Royalty  to  rise  above  such  Vulgar  Prejudices.  A 
notice-board  above  the  gate  is  inscribed  Atiy  one  found  poaching  on  these 
premises  will  be  prostituted  [scored  through  and  replaced  by]  prosecuted. 
A  signpost  pointing  to  the  gate  is  To  Barwell  Hall,  another  away  from  it 
is  To  Bognor. 

It  is  suggested  that  the  Prince,  after  the  scandal  of  his  separation  from 
the  Princess,  see  No.  8806,  &c.,  was  cold-shouldered  by  the  Sussex  mag- 
nates.^ Barwell  Hall  evidently  indicates  Stanstead,  the  magnificent  estate 
of  Richard  Barwell,  the  nabob  M.P.  for  Winchelsea.  'Prostituted*  may 
relate  to  a  scandalous  story  told  of  Barwell  in  The  Intrigues  of  a  Nabob  .  .  ., 
by  H.  F.  Thompson,  1780.  The  liaison  with  Lady  Jersey  was  coming  to 
an  end,  cf.  No.  8983. 
8fXi4f  in. 

8825  THOUGHTS  ON  A  REGICIDE  PEACE 

JSf  [Sayers.] 

Pub¥  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street  14  Octo"  lygS 

Engraving.    Burke  lies  back  asleep,  but  scowling,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his 

arms  folded  in  an  arm-chair  whose  seat  is  inscribed  Otium  cum  Dignit[ate]. 

The  top  of  his  head  is  on  fire,  and  the  smoke  rising  from  it  forms  the  base 

of  the  upper  and  larger  part  of  the  design.   Immediately  above  his  head : 

This  royal  Throne  of  Kings,  this  sceptred  Isle 

This  Earth  of  Majesty,  this  seat  of  Mars 

This  fortress  built  by  Nature  for  herself 

Against  Infection  and  the  hand  of  War 

This  Nurse,  this  teeming  Womb  of  royal  Kings 

This  England  that  was  wont  to  conquer  others 

Will  make  a  shameful  Conquest  of  itself 

Shakespeare 

The  British  lion  stands  as  if  supported  on  these  lines ;  from  his  angry 
mouth  issue  the  words :  /  protest  against  Peace  with  a  Regicide  Directory 
Went:  Fitzw.  Their  background  is  a  rectangular  altar,  wreathed  with  oak 
leaves  which  forms  a  centre  to  the  upper  part  of  the  design.  It  supports 
a  scroll:  Naval  \  Victories  \  East  India  \  Conquests  \  &c^  &c^.  Against  its 
base  is  a  scroll  headed  Basle  and  signed  Wyckham,  the  intermediate 
(illegible)  text  being  scored  through.  Above  the  altar  flies  a  dove,  an  olive- 
branch  in  its  mouth,  clutching  a  sealed  Passport.  Behind  and  above  the 
lion.  Britannia  stands  in  back  view,  her  discarded  spear  and  shield  beside 
her;  she  plays  a  fiddle,  intent  on  a  large  music  score:  A  new  Opera  \  II 
Trattato  \  di  Pace  \  Overture  \  Rule  Britan[nia  scored  through  and  replaced 
by]  I  Ca  Ira  \  God  save  y'  King  [scored  through  and  replaced  by]  The 
Marsellois  Hymn. 

The  apex  of  the  design  is  an  Austrian  grenadier,  his  cap  decorated  with 
the  Habsburg  eagle,  playing  a  flute  with  melancholy  fervour:  To  Arms 
to  Arms  my  valiant  Grenadiers. 

On  the  1.  of  the  altar  and  facing  Britannia  and  the  lion  stands  a  sans- 
culotte, standing  on  a  large  map,  one  foot  planted  on  Britain,  the  other 
on  [r\reland.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  pike  bearing  the  head  of  Louis  XVI  (see 
No.  8297,  &c.),  in  his  1.  a  large  key  labelled  Belgium  and  attached  by  a 
chain  to  his  belt,  in  which  is  a  dagger;  his  coat-pocket  is  inscribed  Forced 

'  This  is  supported  by  Lord  Holland's  remarks  on  the  refusals  to  meet  the 
Prince  at  dinner  at  Holland  House.   Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party,  ii.  148  n. 

266 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1796 

Loan.  He  says :  /  will  retain  what  I  have  got  and  treat  with  you  on  fair  Terms 
for  what  you  have  got.  Behind  him  and  on  the  extreme  1.  stands  a  creature 
symbolizing  the  Dutch  RepubHc,  linked  to  the  sansculotte  by  a  chain 
round  its  spinal  cord.  It  has  the  head  of  a  frog  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge, 
thin,  spidery  arms  akimbo,  the  ribs,  &c.  of  a  skeleton  (cf.  No.  8848),  baggy 
breeches,  and  shrunken  legs.  It  smokes  a  pipe  with  an  expression  of 
resigned  despair.  After  the  title :  Frontispiece  to  a  Pamphlet  which  will  never 
be  [four  words  scored  through  but  conspicuously  legible]  published — "i/e 
shall  never  accuse  me  of  being  the  Author  of  a  Peace  with  Regicide'',  vide 
ikf  Burkes  Letter  to  a  noble  Lord. 

An  anticipation  of  Burke's  pamphlet  (see  No.  8826),  published  19  and 
20  Oct.,  which  was  a  violent  attack  on  Malmesbury's  peace  mission, 
see  No.  8829,  &c.  The  satire  is  scarcely  consistent  with  its  interpretation 
as  a  figment  of  Burke's  over-heated  brain  (cf.  No.  7307),  though  the 
martial  ardour  of  the  Austrian  may  well  be  intended  ironically:  the  war- 
party  in  England  (mistakenly)  vaunted  the  Emperor's  ardour  for  war. 
Stanhope,  Life  of  Pitt,  1879,  ii.  193.  The  document  signed  'Wyckham' 
represents  the  peace  overtures  to  the  Directory  made  through  Wickham, 
British  Minister  in  Switzerland,  and  rebuffed  by  the  French  (see  No.  8792). 
The  'passport'  (dispatched  30  Sept.)  is  that  eventually  obtained  from  the 
Directory,  after  a  previous  rebuff,  for  a  plenipotentiary.  For  French  pro- 
jects of  invasion  see  No.  8826;  the  invasion  of  Ireland  by  Hoche  (with  a 
diversion  against  England)  had  been  decided  on,  its  lines  were  fixed  at 
a  dinner  at  Carnot's  house  on  1 2  July.  Guyot,  Le  Directoire  et  la  Paix  de 
V Europe,  191 2,  pp.  276-83.  For  the  treatment  of  the  Dutch  (now  Batavian) 
Republic  see  No.  8608,  &c.  The  quotation  is  from  the  penultimate  sentence 
of  Burke's  Letter  (see  No.  8788,  &c.).  The  lion  echoes  Fitzwilliam,  who 
had  protested  against  the  proposed  negotiation.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  607-8. 
14  X  loj  in. 

8826  PROMIS'D  HORRORS  OF  THE  FRENCH  INVASION,— OR 
—FORCIBLE  REASONS  FOR  NEGOTIATING  A  REGICIDE 
PEACE.   Vide,  The  Authority  of  Edmund  Burke. 

fQyd&fed 

Pu¥  OcV  20'*  1796,  by  H  Humphrey,  New  Bond  Street. 

Aquatint.  Coloured  impression.  French  troops  march  with  fixed  bayonets 
up  St.  James's  Street,  the  houses  receding  in  perspective  to  the  gate  of 
the  Palace,  which  is  blazing.  In  the  foreground  on  the  1.  and  r.  are  White's 
and  Brookes' s.  The  former  is  being  raided  by  French  troops ;  the  Opposi- 
tion is  in  triumphant  possession  of  the  latter.  In  the  centre  foreground 
a  'tree  of  Liberty'  (see  No.  9214,  &c.)  has  been  planted:  a  pole  garlanded 
with  flowers  and  surmounted  by  a  large  cap  of  Libertas.  To  this  pole  Pitt, 
stripped  to  the  waist,  is  tied,  while  Fox  (1.)  flogs  him  ferociously,  a  birch- 
rod  in  each  hand.  Between  Fox's  feet  lies  a  headsman's  axe,  blood- 
stained ;  on  it  stands  a  perky  little  chicken  with  the  head  of  M.  A.  Taylor 
(see  No.  6777).  On  the  r.  is  an  ox,  his  collar,  from  which  a  broken  cord 
dangles,  inscribed  Great  Bedfordshire  Ox  (the  duke  of  Bedford);  it  is 
tossing  Burke,  goaded  on  by  Thelwall,  who  holds  its  tail,  and  flourishes 
a  document  inscribed  Thelwals  Lectures  (see  No.  8685).  Burke  flies  in  the 
air,  losing  his  spectacles,  and  dropping  two  pamphlets :  Letter  to  the  Duke 
of  Bedford,  see  No.  8788,  &c.,  and  Reflections  upon  a  Regicide  Peace,  see 
No.  8825. 

267 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Behind  the  ox,  Lord  Stanhope  holds  up  a  pole  to  which  is  tied,  by  a 
ribbon  inscribed  Vive  VEgalite,  the  beam  of  a  pair  of  scales ;  this  is  balanced 
by  the  body  of  Grenville,  suspended  by  his  breeches,  and  by  his  head, 
suspended  by  the  hair;  both  drip  blood.  Stanhope,  in  profile  to  the  1., 
looks  up  with  a  pleased  smile;  Lauderdale  stands  facing  him,  raising  his 
arm  to  applaud.  Behind  is  an  advancing  band  of  British  Jacobins  waving 
bonnets-rouges. 

Sheridan,  with  furtively  triumphant  smile,  enters  the  door  of  Brooks's ; 
a  large  porter's  knot  on  his  head  and  shoulders  supports  a  sack:  Remains 
of  the  Treasury  £;  under  his  arm  is  another:  Requisition  from  the  Bank  of 
England.  Beside  the  door  (r.)  stands  a  pestle  and  mortar  inscribed  J.  Hall 
Apothecary  to  the  New  Constitution  Long  Acre ;  the  mortar  is  filled  with 
coronets. 

On  the  balcony  above  the  door,  Lansdowne,  with  his  enigmatic  smile, 
is  working  a  guillotine;  his  1.  hand  is  on  the  windlass,  in  his  r.  he  holds 
up  (towards  Erskine)  Loughborough's  elongated  wig ;  the  purse  of  the  Great 
Seal  is  attached  to  a  post  of  the  guillotine.  On  the  1.  corner  of  the  balcony 
rests  a  dish  containing  the  heads  of  (1.  to  r.)  Lord  Sydney,  Windham,  and 
Pepper  Arden,  Killed  off  for  the  Public  Good.  Behind  stands  Erskine,  lean- 
ing forward  and  holding  up  in  triumph  a  firebrand  composed  of  Magna 
Charta,  and  a  New  Code  of  Laws.  On  the  r.  corner  of  the  balcony  four 
men  stand  watching  the  guillotine  with  quiet  satisfaction:  Grafton,  in 
profile  to  the  1. ;  Norfolk,  clasping  his  hands,  and  Derby.  Only  the  hat  and 
eyes  of  the  fourth  are  visible.  In  the  club  windows  behind,  staring  faces 
are  indicated.  The  lamp  beside  the  door  is  crowned  with  a  bonnet-rouge. 
On  the  door-post  a  broadside,  AIarsoiles[e]  [sic]  Hymn,  is  placed  above 
Rule  Brit[annia]  (torn).  In  the  street  outside  and  in  the  foreground  (r.) 
is  a  basket  containing  the  head  of  Dundas  and  a  set  of  bagpipes;  it  is 
labelled  To  the  care  of  Citizen  Home  Tooke.  Beside  it  lies  a  bundle  of 
documents  labelled  Waste  Paper  2'^  p"  £6;  they  are  Acts  of  Parliament, 
Bill  of  Rights,  Statutes. 

The  1.  (east)  side  of  the  street  is  filled  with  goose-stepping  republican 
soldiers,  headed  by  a  grotesque  and  ferocious  officer,  a  drawn  sword  in  his 
hand,  who  strides  past  the  decollated  head  of  Richmond,  beside  which 
lies  a  paper:  Treatise  upon  Fortifying  the  Coast  (see  No.  6921,  &c.).  A 
grotesque  and  dwarfish  drummer  marches  in  front  (1.) ;  on  his  drum  is  the 
cap  of  Liberty  and  the  motto  Vive  la  Liberte.  He  is  immediately  outside 
the  door  of  White's,  up  the  steps  of  which  French  officers  with  fixed 
bayonets  are  pressing;  one  tramples  on  a  prostrate  and  bleeding  body, 
another  transfixes  the  throat  of  a  member ;  behind  are  the  hands  of  members 
held  up  to  beg  for  mercy.  Other  soldiers  have  reached  the  balcony  and 
are  using  daggers ;  they  push  over  the  bleeding  body  of  the  Duke  of  York, 
indicated  by  his  ribbon  and  the  dice-box  and  dice  which  fall  from  him. 
The  Prince  of  Wales  falls  head  first,  the  Duke  of  Clarence  is  about  to  be 
stabbed.  From  a  projecting  lamp-bracket  beside  the  door  hang  the  bodies 
of  Canning  and  Hawkesbury,  tied  back  to  back.  Their  identity  is  shown  by 
a  placard:  New  March  to  Paris  by  Betty  Canning  (an  allusion  to  Elizabeth 
Canning,  convicted  of  perjury,  cf.  No.  7982)  &  Jenny  Jenkison.  The 
(broken)  lamp  is  surmounted  by  a  broken  crown.  On  the  club  steps  and 
in  the  street  lie  a  broken  EO  (roulette)  board  and  playing-cards.  The  street 
is  filled  with  close  ranks  of  French  soldiers,  except  for  the  small  body  of 
British  Jacobins  on  the  r. 

A  satire  on  the  Opposition  and  the  prospects  of  invasion,  on  Pitt's  peace 

268 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

overtures,  see  No.  8829,  &c.,  and  Burke's  Thoughts  on  a  Regicide  Peace 
(two  pamphlets,  published  19  and  20  Oct.),  see  No.  8825. 

The  King's  speech,  6  Oct.,  referred  to  the  threat  of  invasion:  'the  enemy 
has  openly  manifested  a  threat  of  attempting  a  descent  on  these  king- 
doms . . .'.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  1173.  This  paragraph  was  debated  on  18  Oct. 
(see  No.  8836,  &c.),  when  Pitt's  measures  of  defence  were  proposed  and 
the  Opposition  declared  their  disbelief  in  a  project  of  invasion.  The  pro- 
jects of  Hoche  were  as  yet  unknown  to  the  English  public,  Jenkinson  was 
much  ridiculed  over  a  long  period  (especially  when  as  Foreign  Secretary 
he  negotiated  the  Peace  of  Amiens,  see  vol.  viii)  for  saying  (10  Apr.  1794) 
'that  the  marching  to  Paris  was  practicable;  and  he,  for  one,  would  recom- 
mend such  an  expedition'.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  249.  (See  Nos.  8631,  9046, 
9364.)  Canning  made  a  vigorous  defence  of  the  Ministry  in  the  same 
debate.  See  D.  yizxshzW,  Rise  of  Canning,  1938,  pp.  63-5.  Hall,  apothecary, 
and  Secretary  of  the  Whig  Club,  was  a  prominent  supporter  of  Fox  at 
Westminster  elections,  see  vol.  vi.  Home  Tooke  had  violently  attacked 
Dundas  at  the  recent  Westminster  election.  Jordan's  Complete  Collection 
of .  .  .  Speeches,  1796,  p.  25. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  204-5  (reproduction).  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  155. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.   Reproduced,  Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends, 
1909,  i.  118.  Broadley,  i.  94-6. 
12  X  i6f  in. 

8827  FOR  IMPROVING  THE  BREED— 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Oct"  24^  1796,  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Sir 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  W.L.  portrait  of  the  corpulent  Prince 
Frederick  William  Charles  of  Wiirtemberg,  standing  chapeau-bras  in 
profile  to  the  r.,  wearing  a  ribbon;  his  r.  hand  on  his  waistcoat,  his  1.  on 
the  hilt  of  his  sword.  He  has  a  very  heavy  double  chin,  thick  lips,  staring 
eye,  high  narrow  head,  and  an  expression  of  good-natured  surprise. 
Beneath:  S ketch' d  at  Wirtemberg. 

The  Prince  was  betrothed  in  1796  to  the  Princess  Royal  (b.  1766),  see 
Diary  and  Letters  of  Mme  d'Arblay,  1905,  v.  295,  and  No.  9014,  &c.   For 
the  title  cf.  No.  9007. 
9i^  X  6  in.  With  border  9^|  x  6^|  in. 

8827  A  A  later  state  with  the  same  inscriptions.  The  contour  of  the 
Prince  is  altered :  he  is  very  obese,  his  head  bulges  slightly  at  the  back,  and 
his  legs  are  thicker.  The  position  of  his  r.  hand  is  altered.   Cf.  No.  9081. 

A  similar  but  less  obese  portrait,  evidently  copied  from  No.  8827,  is  the 
centre  figure  of  a  water-colour  by  Rowlandson  in  the  Print  Room,  see 
No.  9014. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  214.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  408.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 

8828  GLORIOUS    RECEPTION    OF    THE   AMBASSADOR    OF 
PEACE,  ON  HIS  ENTRY  INTO  PARIS— 

J'Gyd  el  fed 

Pu¥  Oct"  28^  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey  37  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).    Lord  Malmesbury  drives  in  a  chaise 

269 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

with  the  royal  arms  drawn  by  four  wretched  hacks,  only  the  hind-quarters 
(r.)  of  the  leaders  being  visible.  Behind  the  coach  stand  three  stolid  English 
footmen.  The  chaise-doors  are  open,  a  fish-wife  has  entered  from  each 
side ;  both  embrace  Malmesbury  who  puts  out  his  hands  in  dismay.  Beside 
him  (1.)  sits  his  secretary,  a  pen  behind  his  ear.  Another  woman  is  getting 
into  the  chaise  (1.)  and  a  fourth  stands  beside  it,  arms  outspread,  and  grin- 
ning broadly ;  two  fish  are  attached  to  her  petticoat.  All  the  spectators  are 
cheering  wildly.  In  the  foreground  are  (1.  to  r.)  a  dwarfish  boy,  an  officer 
wearing  a  feathered  cocked  hat  and  tattered  coat,  a  ragged  man  wearing 
jack-boots  and  a  bag-wig,  waving  a  bonnet-rouge;  a  sansculotte,  wearing 
sabots,  a  dagger  in  his  belt.  These  are  in  back  view.  Beyond  and  behind 
the  chaise  bonnets-rouges  are  being  wildly  waved  by  a  freely  sketched 
crowd.  A  French  postilion  in  military  dress,  a  horn  slung  round  his  neck, 
flourishes  a  whip. 

News  that  Malmesbury  entered  Paris  on  22  Oct.  reached  London 
on  26  Oct.  The  incident  depicted  took  place  outside  Paris,  where 
Malmesbury  was  met  by  a  deputation  of  Vzris poissardes  and  the  'National 
Music';  the  drive  through  Paris  was  quiet.  Malmesbury,  Diaries  and 
Correspondence^  iii.  258,  259,  261-2.  The  newspapers  printed  accounts  of 
the  incident  as  happening  in  Paris  (Lond.  Chron.,  28  Oct.).  Lady  Malmes- 
bury (6  Nov.)  adds  details  and  mentions  this  print  (or  No.  8830):  the 
poissardes  harangued  Malmesbury,  embraced  him,  George  Ellis,  and  Lord 
Granville,  and  filled  the  coach  with  flowers.  Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends, 
i.  128.   For  the  peace  negotiations  see  No.  8829,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  205.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  156.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.    Reproduced,  Corr.  of  Lord  G.  L.  Gower,  1916,  i.  130. 
9fXi3f  in. 

8829  THE  MESSENGER  OF  PEACE. 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  Ocf  2g.  iyg6 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  English  mission  advances  humbly 
from  the  1.,  led  by  Malmesbury,  who  bows  low  before  three  of  the 
Directors,  who  are  seated  haughtily  on  a  dais  (r.).  Behind  them  is  a  canopy 
on  the  back  of  which  is  a  picture  of  Hercules  trying  in  vain  to  break  a 
bundle  of  rods ;  this  is  enclosed  in  a  motto :  Les  Francais  unis  sont  invincibles. 
They  wear  an  approximation  to  the  oflicial  costume  of  the  Directors 
(designed  by  David,  see  No.  9199):  long  cloaks  with  deep  collars  and 
feathered  hats,  but  which  deviates  from  correctness  by  its  greater  resem- 
blance to  that  of  a  Spanish  don:  they  wear  ruflfs  over  their  collars,  and 
breeches  instead  of  the  long-belted  tunic  and  sash.  The  central  Director 
says,  with  a  scowl.  Now  you  have  made  your  Bow  retire  till  we  order  you  in 
again  Va-t-en ;  he  takes  a  pinch  of  snuff  from  his  neighbour's  box.  The 
other  two  echo  Va-t-en  Va-t-en;  one  (1.)  contemptuously  uses  a  tooth- 
pick, the  other  (r.)  takes  snuff. 

From  Malmesbury's  pocket  hangs  a  paper  inscribed  Finesse.  His  suite 
hold  banners  and  all  bend  low  except  a  man  just  behind  him  who  carries 
on  his  head  heavy  bales,  resembling  folded  textiles,  but  inscribed :  A  clear 
&  explicit  explanation  of  an  intended  Negotiation  to  procure  an  hon[or]able 
Just  &  Permanent  Peace  according  to  existing  circumstances.  A  sailor  on  the 
extreme  1.,  erect  behind  the  bowing  diplomats,  shouts  Aye,  Aye,  as  clear 

270 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

as  mud.  He  stands  in  the  doorway,  which  is  inscribed  Directory.  The 
eight  banners  are  respectively  inscribed:  60,000  Foot  Militia;  200,000 
Fencibles;  60,000  Additional  Seamen.',  40000  Horse  100,000  Yeomanry 
Cavalry;  Navy  Victualling  Exchequer  Bills  Funded;  50  000  Game  Keepers 
for  Rifle  Men;  Another  Loan  of  40.000.000;  Fortifications  all  round  the 
Coast.   Malmesbury  and  five  of  his  followers  wear  ribbons. 

Malmesbury  reached  Paris  on  22  Oct.,  his  negotiations  were  with 
Charles  Delacroix,  the  Foreign  Minister;  his  mission  gave  umbrage  from 
its  numbers  and  deputed  cleverness'.  Malmesbury,  Diaries  and  Corr. 
iii.  282.  Malmesbury's  instructions  were  in  fact  vague,  and  his  perpetual 
reference  of  points  to  the  Cabinet  was  one  of  the  grounds  on  which  negotia- 
tions were  broken  off.  The  inscriptions  on  the  banners  indicate  defence 
measures  ridiculed  by  the  Opposition  (see  No.  8841,  &c.);  they  convey 
ministerial  misconceptions  on  the  efficacy  of  a  successful  loan  (see  No.  8842) 
in  inducing  France  to  agree  to  peace.  Grenville  to  Malmesbury,  10  Dec. 
Dropmore  Papers,  iii.  282.  The  satirical  inscriptions  perhaps  reflect  Burke's 
Letters  on  a  Regicide  Peace  ('He  is  more  tempted  with  our  wealth  as  booty, 
than  terrified  with  it  as  power',  quoted  Lon</.  Chron.,  20  Oct.,  and  Moniteur, 
21  Dec).  The  three  Directors,  though  not  portraits,  may  be  taken  as  those 
of  the  five  most  in  the  public  eye:  Barras,  Carnot,  Rewbell.  On  19  Dec. 
Malmesbury  was  ordered  to  leave  France  within  48  hours.  For  the  negotia- 
tions see  E.  D.  Adams,  Influence  of  Grenville  on  Pitt's  Foreign  Policy,  1904, 
pp.  45-50;  Sorel,  U Europe  et  la  Rev.  fr.  v,  1910,  pp.  113-30;  R.  Guyot, 
Le  Directoire  et  la  Paix  de  VEurope,  1912,  pp.  268-305;  Camb.  Hist,  of 
British  Foreign  Policy,  i.  267-72.  See  Nos.  8792,  8825,  8826,  8828,  8830, 
8832,  8833,  8845.  Cf.  Nos.  8835,  9556.  For  the  negotiations  of  1797  see 
No.  9031,  &c. 
iijxi6^  in. 


8830    LORD    MUM    OVERWHELMED    WITH    PARISIAN    EM- 
BRACES 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  N  7  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Lord  Malmesbury's  coach  is  drawn  (r. 
to  1.)  by  French  poissardes,  grotesque  and  with  bare  pendent  breasts.  A 
cheering  crowd  fills  the  street;  bonnets-rouges  are  waved  and  thrown 
into  the  air.  He  puts  his  head  through  the  carriage  window  to  kiss  a 
poissarde,  waving  his  cocked  hat.  Another  woman  (1.)  says,  my  turn 
next.  A  sansculotte  dances  on  the  roof  of  the  coach,  urinating  on  the 
royal  crown  which  decorates  it,  waving  his  bonnet-rouge,  and  singing 
Caira  Cair  &c.  Two  of  Malmesbury's  footmen  are  carried  on  the 
shoulders  of  poissardes  behind  the  coach ;  a  boy  picks  the  pocket  of  one 
of  them.  Among  the  ragged  crowd  a  Jew  and  a  man  playing  a  fiddle 
are  conspicuous.  People  cheer  from  the  windows  of  a  house  which  forms 
a  background. 

For  the  reception  of  Lord  Malmesbury  in  l^vreux  see  No.  8828 ;  his  entry 
into  Paris  was  quiet:  the  Directory,  judging  the  demonstration  untimely, 
took  measures  to  prevent  its  repetition.  Sorel,  L' Europe  et  la  Rev.fr.,  v, 
1910,  116.  See  No.  8829,  &c. 

Hennin,  No.  12,294. 
8|xi2|in. 

271 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8831  A  PEEP   INTO  SALDANHA  BAY  OR  DUTCH  PERFIDY 
REWARDED. 

I.C   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  N  7,  iyg6,  by  S  W  Fores  N.  50,  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  short  fat  Dutchman  stands  full-face ; 
his  pipe  falls  from  his  mouth,  coins  drop  from  his  breeches  pockets.  His 
tall  hat,  full  of  coins,  is  held  by  an  English  sailor  (1.)  who  bends  towards 
him,  directing  a  squirt  of  tobacco-juice  at  his  face.  On  the  r.  is  another 
sailor,  who  seizes  a  wretched,  ragged  Frenchman,  holding  him  by  a  cloth 
round  the  neck,  and  threatening  him  with  a  clenched  fist.  The  Dutchman 
says :  Between  John  Bull,  &  the  French  Republic  poor  Mynheer  will  be  Robbed 

of  all.  D n  the  Scheldt.  The  sailor  on  the  r.  says :  come  come  Mynheer  the 

Republicans  must  not  have  all  the  money,  we  must  have  a  little  Handaway 
d'ye  see.  The  Frenchman,  who  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  knees  bent,  hands 
clasped,  his  bonnet-rouge  falling  from  his  head,  says  to  his  assailant,  by  Gar 
Mynheer  has  got  all  de  money. 

On  the  extreme  1.  is  a  post  or  scraggy  palm-tree  in  a  tub,  inscribed 
Tree  of  Liberty  (see  No.  9214,  &c.);  up  this  a  monkey  is  climbing  (as  in 
No.  8846),  while  another,  chained  to  it,  tries  to  reach  the  coins  at  the  feet 
of  the  sailor.  The  background  is  a  low  fortification  with  a  cannon  in  an 
embrasure. 

A  Dutch  force  of  2,000  troops,  conveyed  by  six  warships,  sent  to  recap- 
ture the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  capitulated  to  Elphinstone's  squadron  on 
17  Aug.  1796,  while  sheltering  in  Saldanha  bay,  north  of  Cape  Town. 
Navy  Records  Soc,  Keith  Papers,  ed.  W.  G.  Perrin,  1927,  pp.  209-32. 
For  the  exactions  of  the  French  from  the  Dutch  cf.  No.  8608,  &c.  The 
opening  of  the  Scheldt  by  the  French  (decree  of  16  Nov.  1792)  was  a  serious 
blow  to  Dutch  commerce.  Trees  of  liberty  had  been  planted  by  the  French 
on  entering  Amsterdam  and  other  Dutch  towns.  For  the  monkey,  cf. 
No.  5960,  on  Governor  Johnstone's  adventure  in  Saldanha  bay  in  1781. 

Van  Stolk,  No.  5385. 
Sj^gX  i2|  in. 

8832  LORD  MUM  SUCKING  HIS  THUMB!! 

I.C  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub.  Nov^  10  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  $0  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Malmesbury  sits  full-face  in  a  bergere 
which  he  entirely  fills,  his  feet  close  together,  putting  both  thumbs  to  his 
mouth.  He  wears  a  court  suit  and  ribbon,  but  no  sword.  A  patterned 
carpet  and  a  panelled  wall  complete  the  design.   Above  his  head: 

Q —  Are  you  empowered  to  treat  for  yourself  only?  A.  I  don't  Know 
Q —  Can  you  treat  for  your  Friends? — A —  /  don't  Know.  Q —  What  pro- 
posals have  you  to  make?  A —  /  don't  know.  Q —  Have  you  been  fully 
instructed  in  this  business?  A — No.  Q — What  are  you  come  here  for?  A — 
/  don't  Know  Q —  Then  it  seems  you  know  nothing  at  all  about  the  Matter? 
A  No.  but  ril  send  back  &  enquire 

For  Malmesbury's  peace  mission  see  No.  8829,  &c.  Extracts  from  the 
Paris  press  on  the  negotiations  were  printed  in  the  English  papers;  this 
print  may  derive  from  a  quotation  from  Paris  papers  of  28th  Oct.  (Lond. 
Chron.,  i  Nov.),  in  which  a  dialogue  between  Malmesbury  and  Delacroix 

272 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

is  quoted,  Malmesbury  saying  that  he  would  send  a  messenger  to  his  court 
for  information  as  to  whether  he  was  authorized  to  conclude  a  treaty  for 
the  allies  of  Great  Britain,  cf.  No.  8833. 
1 2^X71^6  in- 

8833  LA  RgPONSE  INCROYABLE. 

Gouloir 

A  Paris,  chez  Depeuille,  rue  des  Mathurins  S^  Jacques,  aux  deux 
Pilastres  d'Or  [c.  Nov.  1796] 

Stipple.  Lord  Malmesbury  (1.)  and  Delacroix  (r.)  face  each  other  in  profile 
with  insinuating  smiles.  They  have  numbers  referring  to  their  words  which 
are  engraved  beneath  the  design.  Delacroix,  i,  stands  ckapeau-bras,  hold- 
ing a  tall  tasselled  cane,  wearing  a  bag-wig  and  old-fashioned  coat  and 
waistcoat.  He  says,  Bon  jour  My  lord!  Je  suis  chartne  de  vous  voir  a  Paris, 
comment  vous  portez-vous ;  Malmesbury,  2,  answers :  Je  vous  suis  oblige  de 
voire  gracieuse  demande,  mais  ne  pouvant  repondre  de  moi-menie,  je  vais 
depecher  un  courier  a  Londres;  et  a  son  retour,  je  saurai  la  reponse  queje  dois 
vou^faire.  He  is  dressed  as  an  Incroyable.  He  strides  forward,  hat  in  hand, 
his  r.  hand  in  his  coat-pocket.  He  wears  a  striped  neck-cloth  projecting 
beyond  his  chin,  loose  coat,  with  large  low  revers,  double-breasted  waist- 
coat, and  deep-topped  boots  with  very  pointed  toes.^  His  hair  hangs  loose 
round  his  face,  with  a  long  queue. 

For  Malmesbury's  peace  mission  see  No.  8829,  &c.  His  perpetual 
couriers  to  London  were  an  excuse  for  the  final  rupture,  cf.  No.  8832. 
See  Malmesbury  Diaries,  1845,  iii.  236  ff".;  D.  Marshall,  Rise  of  Canning, 
1938,  pp.  162  ff.  A  gross  and  unrecognizable  caricature  of  Malmesbury's 
handsome  profile. 

Hennin,  No.  12,261. 
ioiiX9liin. 

8834  THE  CONTRAST,  OR  THINGS  AS  THEY  ARE. 

[PGillrayf.] 

London.  Pu¥  Nov^  12^^  I79^-  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  design  in  two  compartments: 

(1.)  Old-England.  A  scene  of  naval  and  conmiercial  prosperity  across 
the  foreground  of  which  runs  a  line,  sloping  downwards  from  1.  to  r.  where 
it  joins  the  lower  r.  corner  of  the  design  at  an  angle  of  (approximately) 
thirty  degrees.  The  r.-angled  triangle  formed  by  this  line  is  inscribed 
British  Constitution.  Its  Basis,  the  Happiness  of  the  People.  From  its  upper 
edge  on  the  1.  rise  three  columns  inscribed  respectively  King,  Lords,  and 
Commons.^  They  are  of  equal  heights,  their  summits  parallel  with  the 
slanting  base,  and  connected  by  a  dotted  line  which  is  one  side  of  a 
triangle,  the  upper  edge  of  which  issues  horizontally  from  the  1.  margin. 
This  is  inscribed  j°  Degrees  Angle  of  Security,  and  (above  the  columns) 

'  His  dress  closely  resembles  that  of  the  typical  Incroyable  in  a  French  print, 
Quel  Est  le  plus  Ridicule,  satirizing  the  fashions  of  1789,  1796,  and  1804.  Jaime,  ii, 
PI.  222.  K. 

^  Burke  called  King,  Lords,  and  Commons :  'the  triple  cord,  which  no  man  can 
break',  a  safeguard  against  Jacobinical  levelling.  Letter  to  a  Noble  Lord,  1796, 
p.  1S4'  * 

273  T 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Trini  nomine  digne  Dei.  Beneath  the  columns  are  the  words  (1.  to  r.)  Virtue, 
Honor,  Loyalty.  The  first  is  Corinthian  and  surmounted  by  a  crown,  the 
second  Ionic  and  surmounted  by  a  baron's  coronet,  the  third  Doric. 

Above  this  symboHcal  basis  appears  the  sea,  with  ships  in  full  sail.  In 
the  foreground,  ships  with  the  British  flag  are  at  anchor  outside  a  row  of 
docks  (1.).  Between  the  docks  and  the  sea  is  a  long  two-storied  building 
with  a  dome  and  a  cupola.  Across  the  water  are  cliffs  and  hills  at  the  base 
of  which  is  a  coast-town.   The  sky,  though  cloudy,  suggests  fair  weather. 

(r.)  New-France.  An  irregular  contour  sloping  from  r.  to  1.  corresponds 
with  the  uniform  slope  of  the  British  Constitution.  It  is  inscribed 
Democracy  or  French  Constitution,  Its  Basis,  Despotism.  Its  base  is  under- 
mined, forming  an  irregular  cave  in  which  lie  (r.)  discarded  fragments: 
Religion,  Pub^  Credit,  Monarchy,  Laws,  Trade,  Honor,  Loyalty,  Virtue, 
Arts,  Science.  On  its  summit,  in  place  of  the  three  columns,  are  (1.  to  r.) 
a  guillotine  inscribed  Blood;  a  naked  figure.  Terror,  sitting  with  bowed 
head  under  a  sword  suspended  from  the  cross-piece  of  a  tall  post  which 
is  surmounted  by  a  cap  of  Liberty;  a  naked  man,  bound  to  an  obelisk, 
symbolizing  Oppression.  The  guillotine  is  surmounted  by  a  skull;  blood 
drips  from  it  down  a  vertical  shaft  leading  from  the  hill  of  the  'Consti- 
tution' to  the  cave  beneath.  Behind  towers  a  high,  dark  cliff,  on  the  top 
of  which  is  a  row  of  gibbets,  of  different  heights  in  order  that  their 
horizontal  bars  may  be  on  the  same  level.  From  them  hang  many  tiny 
corpses  wearing  bonnets-rouges.  A  horizontal  dotted  line  inscribed  Liberty 
and  Equality  or  all  on  a  Level  (cf.  No.  8639),  contrasts  with  the  sloping 
line  which  links  King,  Lords,  and  Commons  in  'Old-England'. 

In  the  background  is  a  bay  in  which  lie  small  dismantled  vessels ;  beside 
it  are  ruined  buildings,  some  of  Roman  type.  Behind  are  mountains,  two 
tiny  gibbets,  each  with  a  body,  on  their  summits.  The  sky  is  covered  with 
dark,  stormy  clouds. 

The  dividing  line  between  the  two  compartments  is  partly  covered  by 
the  upright  of  a  gibbet  whose  two  arms  project  symmetrically  into  each 
design.  Across  the  point  of  contact  is  a  placard:  Roberspierre  \  Marat, 
Santerre;  the  cross-beams  are  inscribed  (1.)  Held  up  to  Infamy  and  |  [r, 
Posterity.  From  the  1.  beam  dangles  a  placard:  Paines  \  Rights  \  of  |  Man 
(see  No.  7866,  &c.) ;  from  the  r. :  Classical  Lectures  on  the  Roman  History. 

Probably  the  design  (or  invention)  of  an  amateur  etched  by  Gillray.  , 
For  the  Constitution  as  a  patriotic  slogan  see  No.  8287,  &c.    For  the 
connotation  of  democracy  cf.  No.  8310. 
1 1 1 X  22|  in. 

8835  THE  ARCH-DUKE. 

[Gillray.]   Drawn  from  life  by  Lieu^  Swarts,  of  the  Imperial  Reg'^  of 

Barco  Hussars. 
Pu¥  Nov''  J5'*  ^796,  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Archduke  Charles  of  Austria, 
directing  military  operations,  stands  on  a  bluff  in  profile  to  the  1.,  r.  arm 
extended,  his  1.  hand  rests  on  his  sword.  He  wears  laced  coat  and  waist- 
coat, with  a  star,  and  spurred  jack-boots.  He  has  a  long  pigtail  queue;  in 
his  enormous  cocked  hat,  one  point  of  which  hangs  before  his  face,  the 
other  over  his  shoulders,  is  an  olive-branch.  In  the  background  clouds 
of  smoke  rise  from  an  invisible  battle. 

274 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

The  significance  of  the  olive-branch  is  obscure,  but  may  indicate  hope 
that  the  recent  Austrian  victories  v^^ould  lead  to  peace.  Actually  the 
successes  of  the  Archduke  against  Bernadotte  and  Jourdan  in  Aug.  and 
Sept.  1796  had  stiffened  Austria  against  peace  negotiations,  thus  con- 
tributing to  the  failure  of  Malmesbury's  mission  (see  No.  8829,  &c.). 
Camb.  Hist,  of  British  Foreign  Policy,  i.  269. 

Wright  and  Evans,  No.  411.   Reprinted,  G.PF.G.,  1830. 
i3X9iin. 


8836  OPENING  OF  THE  BUDGET ;— OR— JOHN  BULL  GIVING 
HIS  BREECHES  TO  SAVE  HIS  BACON. 

f  Qy  inv.  et  fed 

Pu¥  Nov^  if^  1796-  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (r.)  stands  stiffly  in  profile  to  the 
1.,  holding  open  a  large  sack-like  wallet  inscribed  Requisition  Budget.  He 
addresses  John  Bull,  the  central  figure,  a  stout  yokel,  who  holds  out  his 
breeches  in  his  1.  hand  to  Pitt,  while  he  touches  his  hat.  The  budget  and 
the  breeches  pockets  are  full  of  guineas.  Pitt  says :  More  Money,  John! — 
more  Money!  to  defend  you  from  the  Bloody,  the  Cannibal  French — They're 
a  coming! — why  they'll  Strip  you  to  the  very  Skin — more  Money.  John! — 
They're  a  coming — They're  a  coming. 

Dundas,  Grenville,  and  Burke  kneel  on  the  r.,  bending  towards  the 
'Budget',  each  with  his  1.  hand  in  an  opening  in  a  vertical  seam,  eagerly 
grabbing  guineas.  Behind  them  is  the  stone  archway  of  the  Treasury,  with 
its  high  spiked  gate.  Dundas,  the  most  prominent,  wears  Highland  dress 
and  holds  a  Scots  cap  full  of  coins.  Grenville  wears  a  peer's  robe ;  Burke 
is  behind.  They  echo  Pitt :  Dundas  says  Ay!  Ay!  They're  a  coming!  They're 
a  coming!  Grenville:  Yes!  Yes,  They're  a  coming.  Burke:  Ay  They're  a 
coming. 

John  says:  — a  coming? — are  they? — nay  then,  take  all  I've  got,  at  once, 
Measter  Billy! — vor  its  much  better  for  I  to  ge  ye  all  I  have  in  the  World  to 
save  my  Bacon, — than  to  stay  &  be  Strip' d  stark  naked  by  Charley,  &  the 
plundering  French  Invasioners,  as  you  say.  His  coat  and  waistcoat  are 
sound,  but  the  pockets  hang  inside  out,  empty.  His  lank  hair,  knotted 
kerchief,  and  wrinkled  gaiters  denote  the  small  farmer. 

Behind  (1.),  on  the  shore,  stands  Fox  looking  across  the  water  towards 
the  fortress  of  Brest  flying  a  tricolour  flag.  He  hails  it  with  upraised  arms, 
shouting :  What!  more  Money  ? — O  the  Aristocrat  Plunderer! — Vite  Citoyens! 
— vite! — vite!  depechez  vous! — or  we  shall  be  too  late  to  come  inn  for  any 
Snacks  of  the  I'argant! — vite  Citoyens!  vite!  vite! 

The  threat  of  invasion  had  been  mentioned  in  the  King's  speech,  see 
No.  8826;  measures  of  internal  defence  were  proposed  on  18  Oct.  Pari. 
Hist,  xxxii.  1208  ff.  On  5  Nov.  the  Home  Secretary  sent  a  circular  letter 
to  the  Lord  Lieutenants  of  maritime  counties  on  measures  to  be  taken 
in  view  of  invasion.  Ann.  Reg.,  1796,  p.  129*  f.  Fox  contended  that 
the  threat  was  visionary,  and  denounced  the  defence  measures.  Pari. 
Reg.  Ixiii.  98  ff".  Hoche's  pending  invasion  of  Ireland  (see  No.  8979) 
was  unknown  to  the  public,  and  peace  negotiations  (see  No.  8829,  &c.) 
were  still  proceeding.  Pitt's  budget  speech  was  on  7  Dec.  As  in  No.  8 141 
(1792)  Pitt  is  accused  of  alarming  and  bewildering  John  Bull,  this  time  to 
justify  the  burden  of  taxation  and  with  implications  of  corruption  against 

275 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

the  Ministry  (cf.  No.  8654,  &c.).  A  double-edged  satire,  similar  in  spirit 
to  No.  8691.  See  also  Nos.  8837,  8838,  8840,  8842,  8977,  8980,  8987,  8994, 
9056.    Cf.  No.  9337. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  206.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  137.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9^X13!  in. 


8837  THE  BUDGET  OR  JOHN  BULL  FRIGHTNED  OUT  OF 
HIS  MONEY  [scored  through  and  replaced  by]  WITS 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  Nov''  20.  ijgO 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  design  divided  into  two  compart- 
ments by  a  vertical  wooden  erection,  in  the  upper  part  of  which  is  a  form 
of  (English)  telegraph  (cf.  No.  9232);  the  lower  contains  a  shoot  through 
which  coins  in  mass  are  poured  by  persons  on  the  r.  Pitt  (1.),  immediately 
behind  the  telegraph,  pulls  the  strings  which  move  the  letters:  they  form 
the  words  they  are  coming.  John  Bull,  stripped  to  his  shirt,  tattered  shoes, 
and  ungartered  stockings,  empties  the  contents  of  his  breeches  into  the 
shoot ;  the  coins  from  them  fall  in  a  heap  on  the  ground  on  the  other  side, 
where  they  are  collected  by  Pitt  and  his  friends.  Pitt,  looking  round  the 
machine  with  an  agitated  expression,  exclaims:  Make  haste  John,  for  if  these 
Bloody  minded  rogues  come,  they'll  strip  the  very  rind  of  your  back,  more 
money,  more  money,  beside  after  I've  got  all  your  money  I'll  make  a  Soldier 
of  you.  They're  a  coming  John.  John  Bull,  terrified,  says,  his  1.  hand  point- 
ing 1.  (to  Fox):  What  are  they  a  coming?  then  here  take  all  Ive  a  got  left, 
you  had  my  coat  &  waistcoat  before  fore  Ise  waundly  afeard  of  these  sans- 
Clouts  &  that  there  fellow  there  is  allways  hallowing  to.  um. 

A  little  boy  in  a  ragged  shirt  clutches  his  father's  shirt,  saying.  Oh  Dear 
make  hast  Feather  you  see  they're  coming  &  we  shall  be  stript  Naked. 

In  the  middle  distance,  on  the  shore,  Sheridan,  Lauderdale,  and  (?)  Erskine 
stand  together  to  make  a  support  for  Fox,  who  stands,  1.  foot  on  Sheridan's 
shoulder,  r.  on  Lauderdale's  head,  hailing  a  distant  fleet  which  is  leaving 

a  fortified  French  port.  He  says :  Make  haste  Citoyens  or  by there  will 

be  no  money  left  for  us.  From  Lauderdale's  pocket  projects  a  paper: 
Petition  ag^  Earl  of  Errol  [see  No.  9024]. 

On  the  1.  Dundas,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  kneels  (as  in  No.  8836)  to  catch 
guineas  in  his  Scots  cap.  He  wears  Highland  dress  and  his  plaid  is  full 
of  coins.  He  says  they're  a  cooming.  Burke  drags  at  a  cloth  filled  with  coins, 
saying,  theyre  a  coming.  Grenville  walks  oflF  in  profile  to  the  1.,  carrying 
on  his  back  a  sack  inscribed  £100  (ciphers  concealed)  saying  They're  a 
coming;  Windham  drags  off  his  sackful,  saying.  They're  a  coming,  make 
hast  or  we  will  be  all  Killed  off.  Pitt's  coat-pocket  is  full  of  coins.  An  imita- 
tion of  No.  8836. 

Reproduced,  Broadley,  i.  83. 
9-|xi3|in. 

8837  a  a  French  copy  (reversed,  and  without  inscriptions),  M'  Pitt 
fabricant  de  nouvelles  telegraphiques,  is  reproduced,  Jaime,  ii,  PI.  55  G  (Blum, 
No.  598).  The  heads  have  lost  their  characterization. 
4^X5!  in.  B.M.L.  1266.  g.  5. 

276 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

8837  B  Another  French  copy  without  inscriptions,  Af  Pitt  fabriquant  des 
iiouvelles  Pelegraphique  [sic]  is  one  of  four  copies  of  English  prints  on  the 
same  plate,  see  No,  8916. 

4igX5iiin. 

8838  WHO'S  AFRAID  OR  THE  EFFECTS  OF  AN  INVASION!! 

Woodward  del.   [?  I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Pub  Nov.  21.  iyg6hy  S.  W.  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sackville 
Street  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Eveni?ig 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Twelve  standing  figures  arranged  in  two 
rows,  their  words  etched  above  their  heads,  [i]  A  fat  and  prosperous 
citizen  smoking  a  long  pipe,  smoke  puffing  from  the  corners  of  his  mouth 
and  his  nostrils :  /  will  be  bound — with  a  dozen  of  our  Club  and  a  proper 
allowance  of  fire,  and  the  best  Virginia,  to  smoke  the  French  Mounseers  from. 
Dover  to  Calais,  in  the  turning  of  a  Tobacco  stopper,  who's  afraid?  (cf. 
No.  8220).  The  others,  who  make  similar  boasts  of  their  ability  to  resist 
an  invasion  are:  [2]  A  shambling  journeyman  tailor  who  speaks  in  the  name 
of  all  united  Taylors.  [3]  A  ragged  cobbler,  knock-kneed  to  deformity, 
who  is  also  a  preacher,  cf.  No.  8026.  [4]  A  'Loyal  Gypsy'  with  an  (un- 
necessary) wooden  leg.  [5]  A  young  woman  ( ?  Mrs.  Concannon)  as  one 
of  the  Host  of  Faro,  prepared  to  batter  the  enemy,  with  the  remnants  of  our 
Reputations!  [6]  A  badly  maimed  officer,  on  stumps,  with  amputated  r. 
arm.  [7]  A  doctor  prepared  to  use  his  patent  pills  on  the  enemy.  [8]  A 
Billingsgate  virago.  [9]  A  yokel:  they  had  better  keep  away  from  our  village 
.  .  .  for  I  believe  in  my  heart,  the  very  Turkies  would  rise  in  a  mass  against 
them,  who's  afraid.  [10]  A  foppish  apprentice:  /  am  a  tight  dashing  fresh 
water  Sailor; — keep  a  funny  row  to  Putney  every  Sunday — let  me  catch  them 
above  Bridge — thats  all.  who's  afraid.  [11]  An  attorney  prepared  to  present 
his  bill  to  the  enemy.  [12]  A  stout  man  wearing  a  hat  stands  in  back  view, 
legs  astride,  coat-tails  raised  as  if  with  his  back  to  the  fire :  Lets  teach  em 
good  manners  D mme  who 's  afraid? 

For  the  scepticism  with  which  the  Opposition  treated  the  invasion  alarm, 
see  No.  8836,  &c.  One  of  a  set  of  prints,  see  No.  8541,  &c.  A  later  issue 
is  Vol.  2.  PI.  10  (A.  de  R.  v.  128-9).  ^^l-  ^-  ^'-  9  '^s  Anticipations  or  Taxes 
as  they  will  be,  i  June  1796  (A.  de  R.  v.  132-3). 

Listed  by  Broadley  (Addenda). 
ii|Xi7jin. 

8839  BILLY'S  POLITICAL  PLAYTHING. 

London  Pub  by  W  Holland  Nov  21  iyg6 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  stands  (1.),  flogging  a  top  (r.)  sur- 
mounted by  the  head  of  Fox ;  tears  gush  from  the  closed  eyes.  Fox  wears  a 
bonnet-rouge  and  registers  intense  melancholy.  Pitt  scowls  down  at  him, 
his  head  turned  in  profile,  1.  arm  bent,  with  closed  fist.  His  r.  hand,  raised 
above  his  head,  holds  a  scourge,  whose  lashes  are  close  to  the  top  which  is 
shaped  like  a  pointed  and  decapitated  egg. 

Reproduced,  B.  Lynch,  Hist,  of  Caricature,  1926,  pi.  viii. 


I2tx8i|m. 


'  EWTON  invf  et  fecit  has  been  erased  but  is  just  legible. 
277 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8840  SUPPLEMENTARY-MILITIA,      TURNING-OUT      FOR 
TWENTY-DAYS  AMUSEMENT. 

J'  Gy  d.  etfed 

Pu¥  Nov"  25.  iyg6.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  grotesque  body  of  tradesmen,  &c., 
march  in  close  formation,  with  fixed  bayonets.  They  wear  military  coats 
and  crossed  bandoliers  with  very  unsoldierly  foot-gear  and  appurtenances. 
Their  leader  (r.)  marches  in  profile  to  the  r.,  a  very  short  and  fat  butcher 
in  over-sleeves  wearing  a  feathered  cocked  hat  above  his  butcher's  cap, 
a  military  sash  (from  which  hangs  his  steel)  over  an  apron.  He  carries  a 
banner  on  which  St.  George  is  killing  the  dragon. 

The  front  rank  consists  of  (1.  to  r.):  a  cobbler  wearing  an  apron,  with  the 
twisted  shins  known  as  cheese-cutters,  and  tattered  stockings;  a  brick- 
layer, with  thick  gouty  legs,  a  trowel  thrust  through  his  apron-string;  an 
artist,  his  palette  inscribed  R.A,  very  thin  and  with  a  grotesquely  thin 
neck ;  his  toes  project  through  a  tattered  boot  of  fashionable  shape ;  a  tailor 
with  shears  and  tape-measure,  a  hairdresser  with  scissors  and  combs  wear- 
ing a  fashionable  stock.  On  the  1.  of  this  front  rank  a  dwarfish  drummer, 
an  old  campaigner  with  two  wooden  legs  and  one  eye,  beats  his  drum. 
Behind,  the  men  recede  in  perspective,  densely  packed  together. 

A  satire  on  Pitt's  proposal,  made  on  18  Oct.  1796  (among  other  defence 
measures),  for  a  supplementary  militia  of  60,000,  one-sixth  to  be  embodied 
in  succession  for  twenty  days'  training.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  12 10.  This  was 
denounced  by  Fox  as  *a  measure  for  impressing  the  subjects  of  this  country 
into  the  land  service'.  Pari.  Reg.  Ixiii.  104-5.  C-  Abbot,  Diary  and 
Corr.,  1 86 1,  i.  69,  See  No.  8977.  For  Pitt's  defence  measures  see  No. 
8836,  &c.  The  artist  is  Hoppner,  in  actual  fact  handsome,  prosperous, 
and  popular;  he  had  formerly  been  poor  and  in  debt  (Farington, 
Diary,  i.  84). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  206.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  133.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.  Reproduced,  Ashbee,  p.  66. 
9^X13!  in. 

8841  GOING  TO  OPEN  THE  BUDGET 

Woodward  del 

Published  Nov''  28  iyg6  by  S  W Fores  50  Piccadilly.   Folios  of  Carica- 
turtes  [sic]  lent  out  for  the  Evening? 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  chapeau-bras,  stalks  haughtily 
from  his  coach  (1.)  towards  the  door  of  the  House  of  Commons  (r.),  his 
head  thrown  back,  1.  hand  on  his  breast,  a  small  empty  bag  in  his  r.  hand. 
Documents  inscribed  Taxes  protrude  from  his  coat-pocket.  Spectators 
cluster  in  the  foreground  to  see  him  pass.  A  very  stout  constable  with  a 
long  staflF  motions  them  back,  shouting,  make  way  there  for  the  Minister 
Take  Care  of  your  Pockets.  He  wears  the  red  waistcoat  of  the  Bow-street 
runner  and  is  probably  Townsend  (there  is  a  certain  resemblance  to 
Dighton's  portrait).  A  stout  citizen  puts  his  hands  in  his  coat-pockets, 
pulling  them  together  to  protect  them  from  Pitt  at  whom  he  stares  fixedly. 
A  young  man  puts  his  hand  on  his  shoulder  and  points  at  his  pocket.  A 
young  woman  looks  contemptuously  at  Pitt,  saying,  what  a  bit  of  a  thing 
it  is.  Behind  Pitt  a  footman  folds  up  the  steps  of  his  carriage  and  is  about 

278 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

to  shut  the  door.  A  dog,  his  collar  inscribed  Paid  for,  sniffs  at  the  man  and 
befouls  his  leg.   The  fat  coachman  sits  impassively  on  the  box. 

Pitt's  budget  speech  was  made  on  7  Dec.    Cf.  No.  8836,  &c.    For  the 
dog-tax  see  No.  8794,  &c. 
9|Xi2  in. 

8842  BEGGING  NO  ROBBERY;— I.E.— VOLUNTARY  CONTRI- 
BUTION;— OR— JOHN  BULL  ESCAPING  A  FORCED  LOAN.— 

A  hint  from  Gil  Bias, 
f  Qy  d:etfed 
Pu¥  Dec''  10^^  1796.  by  H:  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull  (1.),  a  stout  countryman  wear- 
ing jack-boots,  rides  (r.  to  1.)  through  a  wood  on  a  wretched  hack,  ready 
to  fall  under  his  weight.  Pitt  kneels  on  the  ground  (r.)  in  profile  to  the  1., 
aiming  a  blunderbuss  (which  is  supported  on  crossed  sticks)  point-blank 
at  John;  it  is  inscribed  Standing  Army.  He  masquerades  as  a  beggar:  his 
dress  is  tattered,  on  the  ground  is  his  hat,  containing  coins;  he  says: 
"  Good  Sir ,  for  Charity' s  sake  \  '^  have  Pity  upon  a  poor  ruin' d  Man; —  |  "drop 
if  you  please,  a  few  bits  of  |  "Money  into  the  Hat,  &  you  shall  \  "be  rewarded 
hereafter — From  his  coat-pocket  project  a  cocked  pistol  and  a  paper:  Forced 
Loan  in  reserve.  He  points  to  a  document  on  the  ground  beside  him: 
Humble  Petition,  for  Voluntary — Contribution  Subscriptions  &  new  Taxes, 
to  save  the  Distres' d  from  taking  worse  Courses. 

John  Bull  has  dropped  his  reins  and  holds  his  hat,  full  of  guineas ;  he 
looks  with  melancholy  distrust  at  Pitt,  but  drops  guineas  into  his  hat.  His 
horse,  disfigured  with  sores,  is  evidently  the  white  horse  of  Hanover,  its 
head-band  is  red  and  blue,  the  Windsor  uniform  (cf.  No.  8691,  &c.).  From 
the  bushes  behind  Pitt  emerge  the  heads  and  shoulders  of  (r.  to  1.)  Dundas, 
Grenville,  and  Burke,  each  with  a  pistol  levelled  at  John  Bull.  Dundas 
wears  Highland  dress,  Grenville  peer's  robes  and  a  grenadier's  cap  with 
the  letters  H^'"i?  (cf.  Nos.  7479,  7494,  &c.):  he  looks  down  reflectively  at 
Pitt  instead  of  at  his  victim,  implying  that  he  is  his  cousin's  henchman; 
Burke  has  a  pen  in  his  hat.  On  the  1.  is  a  signpost  pointing  (r.)  From  Con- 
stitution Hill  (cf.  No.  8287)  and  (1.)  To  Slavery  Slough  by  Beggary  Corner. 

A  satire  on  the  'Loyalty  loan'  of  ;^  18,000,000  and  on  the  defence 
measures  for  which  it  was  raised:  a  special  levy  of  15,000  men  to  reinforce 
the  army,  20,000  irregular  cavalry,  and  60,000  Supplementary  Militia  (see 
No.  8840)  which  are  pilloried  as  unconstitutional,  see  No.  8836,  &c.  The 
loan  was  raised  by  a  direct  appeal  to  the  public  in  a  letter  to  the  Lord 
Mayor  and  Directors  of  the  Bank  of  England  on  i  Dec,  at  a  rate 
(Sf  P^r  cent.)  lower  than  would  have  prevailed  in  the  open  market.  Rose, 
Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  p.  305 ;  Newmarch,  On  the  Loans  raised  by  Mr. 
Pitt,  iyg3-i8oi,  1855,  pp.  16-18.  Cf.  C.  Abbot,  Diary,  p.  76:  'The  loan 
for  18,000000  1.,  was  this  day  [i  Dec]  settled;  after  all  the  apprehensions 
of  a  voluntary  subscription  with  compulsive  clauses,  8.000.000  1.  were 
subscribed  the  same  day.'  These  apprehensions  derived  from  a  conference 
with  the  bankers,  at  which  Pitt  said  that  if  voluntary  subscriptions  were 
not  forthcoming,  *a  peremptory  mode  of  drawing  forth  the  resources  of 
the  kingdom  must  be  adopted  ...  in  the  last  resort'.  Lond.  Chron., 
29  Nov.  1796.  Sheffield  wrote,  3  Dec:  'To  threaten  those  who  will  not 
subscribe,  to  oblige  them  to  pay  extravagantly,  is  in  the  tone  of  the  high- 
wayman or  of  the  rogue  who  sends  a  threatening  letter:  "Deliver  your 

279 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

money,  or,  d n  you,  I'll  blow  it  out  of  your  pockets." '  Auckland  Corr. 

iii.  366.  See  Nos.  8843,  9033.   Cf.  Nos.  8829,  8836. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  206-7.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  158.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9jxi3^in. 

8843  WILLIAM  THE  CONQUEROR'S  TRIUMPHAL  ENTRY!!! 

R'^  N.  [Newton]  lygd 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland,  Oxford  S^  Dec.  iyg6 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  sits  astride  a  huge  pile  of  bundles 
strapped  to  the  back  of  a  bull  (John  Bull) ;  he  is  about  to  enter  a  high  arch- 
way inscribed  Trea[sury].  His  pose  and  expression  combine  jauntiness 
with  dignity.  His  head  is  in  profile  to  the  r.,  his  r.  hand  on  his  hip,  he 
wears  a  large  bag  to  his  wig,  and  while  pressing  his  hat  under  his  1.  arm 
holds  the  (slack)  reins  of  the  bull ;  his  long  thin  leg  hangs  considerably 
above  the  bull's  back,  owing  to  the  height  of  the  bundles.  The  sturdy  bull, 
though  with  downcast  head  and  closed  eyes,  is  not  weighed  down  with  his 
burden.  Dundas  (r.),  in  Highland  dress,  marches  grinning  in  front  of  the 
bull,  playing  the  bagpipes  which  are  inscribed  Union  Pipes  and  have  a 
transparent  bag  filled  with  coins. 

The  bull's  burden  consists  of  ten  superimposed  bundles,  inscribed  with 
figures  relating  to  the  Loyalty  Loan.  Some  of  these  are  30  000!,  30  000!, 
East  India  Company  2  000  000!!!,  Duke  of  Queensbury  loo-ooof, 
100  000!,  Pit[t]  D.  dass  loooo  [partly  obscured  by  Pitt's  foot],  50000, 
Duke  of  Bridgewater  100  000!,  Corporation  of  London  100  000! 

Behind  the  bull  and  on  the  extreme  1.  are  crowded  together  four  British 
Jacobins,  much  caricatured,  wearmg  bonnets-rouges  and  looking  up  at 
Pitt  with  anger  and  dismay.  Their  heads  rise  vertically  one  behind  the 
other ;  the  foremost  and  lowest  is  Fox,  clenching  his  fist,  next  Sheridan  in 
profile ;  then  Stanhope,  the  fourth  a  mere  scrawl. 

The  Loyalty  Loan  of  ;C  18,000,000,  see  No.  8842,  was  a  triumph  for  Pitt ; 
it  was  completely  subscribed  within  five  days  (15  hours  and  20  minutes 
in  all),  and  many  were  disappointed.  The  Duke  of  Bridgewater  handed 
in  a  draft  at  sight  for  ^100,000.  Stanhope,  Life  of  Pitt,  1879,  ii.  162-4. 
For  Pitt  as  'William  the  Conqueror'  cf.  No.  7494,  &c. 
15!  Xiof  in. 

8844  THE  MOMENT  OF  REFLECTION  OR  A  TALE  FOR  FUTURE 
TIMES 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  Dece^  26  iyg6 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Empress  Catherine,  at  the  point  of 
death,  leans  back  supporting  herself  on  a  chest  or  seat  against  the  wall  (r.) 
of  her  closet.  She  shrinks  terrified  from  solid  clouds  rolling  towards  her, 
which  support  many  spectres.  Death,  a  skeleton,  stands  behind  and  above 
her,  his  spear  about  to  strike  her  through  the  brain.  In  the  upper  1.  corner 
the  sack  of  Warsaw  is  in  progress,  soldiers  are  killing  women  and  children, 
others  hurling  bodies  from  a  battlement.  Near  these  groups  of  tiny  figures 
Kosciusko  sits  heavily  shackled,  a  pitcher  beside  him.  Next  him  stands 
Stanislaus  II  oi Poland,  wearing  his  (lost)  crown,  his  wrists  chained.  Nearest 
the  Empress  stands  Peter  in  a  shroud  and  wearing  a  crown,  holding  out 

280 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

clasped  hands  towards  her.  A  woman's  arm  points  at  him  with  a  rod.  The 
other  figures  are  persons  in  death-agonies :  a  young  man  is  suspended  by 
the  bound  wrists  from  a  gibbet.  A  naked  man  holds  up  a  rope  which  is 
round  his  neck;  a  decapitated  man  holds  out  his  head;  a  hand  holds  a 
sword  which  has  transfixed  the  naked  body  of  a  woman;  a  naked  child 
holds  up  a  goblet.   Other  heads  emerge  from  the  clouds. 

The  Empress  clutches  at  her  petticoat,  revealing  two  cloven  hoofs. 
Behind  her  head  is  a  bust  portrait  of  Fox,  looking  with  horror  at  the  ghosts 
among  the  clouds.  The  end  of  the  chest  on  which  she  sits  is  removed, 
showing  within  it  two  grinning  demons  among  flames,  holding  up  an  open 
box  inscribed  for  Kates  Spirit. 

News  that  the  Empress  had  died  of  apoplexy  on  17  Nov.,  while 
alone  in  her  closet,  reached  London  on  19  Dec.  Lond.  Chron.,  20  Dec. 
Her  murdered  husband  (as  in  No.  8124,  &c.),  the  destruction  of  Poland, 
and  the  sack  of  Warsaw  (actually  its  suburb,  Praga,  see  No.  8607,  &c.), 
the  imprisoned  Kosciusko  (released  on  Catherine's  death)  are  among  the 
visions  which  beset  her.  The  deposed  Stanislaus  had  been  pensioned.  The 
portrait  of  Fox  indicates  his  bust  (actually  discarded),  see  No.  7902,  &c. 
io|x  14-^  in. 

8845  DEPART  DE  L'AMBASSADE  ANGLAISE. 

Rue  du  Theatre-Fratifais,  n°  4. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  on  the  coast  near  Calais. 
Two  French  soldiers  on  the  extreme  1.,  making  angry  gestures  and  hold- 
ing, one  a  bayonet,  the  other  a  sabre,  supervise  the  departure  of  Malmes- 
bury.  One  says :  Renvoyes  nous  done  les  Barons,  Comtes,  Marquis,  Dues  et 
Pairs  et  les  restes  des  bouehes  inutiles  et  Couteuses  que  vous  gardes  [sie]  a 
Londres.  Malmesbury,  in  the  form  of  an  ass  (r.),  is  surrounded  by  his 
French  supporters.  On  his  1.  are  four  turkey-cocks,  members  of  his 
mission.  On  his  back  is  a  cross,  on  his  1.  foreleg  a  bandage  inscribed 
Honnisoit  quimalypense;  on  his  hind  quarters  a  paper  inscribed  ultimatum. 
He  excretes  guineas  which  a  well-dressed  Frenchman  catches  in  his  hat. 
A  Projet  de  Monarehie  issues  from  the  latter's  pocket.  Another  man  kneels  to 
collect  guineas;  from  his  pocket  issues  a  Satire  eontre  la  Repuhlique.  A 
third,  on  the  extreme  r.,  wearing  clerical  bands,  runs  off  with  a  hatful 
of  guineas.  Six  more  Frenchmen  obsequiously  approach  the  ass  from  the 
r. ;  he  turns  his  head  towards  them.  They  offer  him  papers,  one  is  J^loge 
de  Malmesbury.  The  most  conspicuous  are  fashionably  dressed,  their  chins 
swathed  in  cravats ;  one  looks  through  a  lorgnette. 

In  the  background  is  the  channel:  a  jetty  on  the  1.  is  inscribed  Calais, 
across  the  water  is  Douvres :  a  castle  on  a  hill  dominating  a  small  town 
on  the  sea  shore.  Five  horsemen  in  the  middle  distance  (emissaries  of 
Malmesbury  to  Pitt)  gallop  towards  a  waiting  boat.  Beneath  the  design: 
Un  Ambassadeur  tres-eelebre ;  dont  Vetimologie  du  nom  anglais  signifie 
Mauvaise  Bourique,  se  retire  marque  du  signe  de  La  Croix  inefaeable.  Les 
Grands  du  Royaume  des  Ineroyables  supplient  tres  humblement  son  exeellence 
et  ses  Conseillers  d'ambassade,  d'aceepter  graeieusement  quelques  journaux 
qu'elle  a  le  plus  agrees  en  Franee.  U Ambassadeur  en  eolere  leur  montre 
les  dents  et  leur  dit  Vous  aves  gauchement  publie  mes  instruetions  et  devoile 
mes  intrigues.  Si  vous  ne  faites  mieux  je  m'adresserai  a  d'autres.  II  laehe 
en  meme  tems  quelques  Guinees  que  des  folliculaires  tres-eonnus,  en  se  battant 
ramassent.   C'est  ainsi  qu'en  se  quittant  ils  se  font  les  adieux.    Des  Courriers 

281 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

precurseurs  vont  annoncer  a  Pitt  que  ses  guinees  sont  prodiguees  en  pure  perte 
et  que  la  Belgique  &c  &c  &c  vaut  mieux  pour  la  France  que  Pondicheri  et 

5'*  Lucie [sic]  en  attendant,  les  vainqueurs  de  Quiberon  disent: 

Ce  qui  est  bon  a  prendre  est  bon  a  garder. 

For  Malmesbury's  mission  see  No.  8829,  &c.  He  offered  restitution 
of  (some)  overseas  conquests  but  insisted  that  France  should  relinquish 
the  Netherlands  (this  was  the  crucial  point).  The  ultimatum  requiring 
him  to  leave  France  within  forty-eight  hours  was  received  on  19  Dec. 
The  peace  party  in  France,  styled  *la  faction  des  anciennes  limites'  (cf. 
No.  8675),  is  pilloried  as  royalist  and  corrupt.  For  Malmesbury's  supposed 
intrigues  in  France  see  Guyot,  Le  Directoire  et  la  Paix  de  V Europe,  191 2, 
p.  300.  For  the  gold  of  Pitt  cf.  No.  8363,  &c. 

Hennin,  No.  12361,  where  it  is  attributed  to  Malmesbury's  second 
mission,  see  No.  9031.  But  opposition  to  the  retention  of  the  Netherlands 
by  France  was  the  central  point  of  the  1796  negotiations:  in  1797  their 
retention  was  accepted.  The  1797  scheme  for  obtaining  peace  through  the 
bribery  of  Barras  was  no  part  of  Malmesbury's  mission  and  is  certainly 
not  a  subject  of  this  print. 
I2f  X19I  in. 

8846-8865 

Hollandia  Regenerata  is  the  title  of  a  set  of  twenty  plates  published  in 
London  in  1796  in  book  form.  These  must  be  the  prints  of  which  Sir  J. 
Dalrymple  writes:  'During  the  present  Revolutions  of  Holland  a  Series  of 
Engravings  was  published,  which  containing  a  Succession  of  Events,  and 
Consequences  from  them,  formed  a  Kind  of  History,  whereby  Men  were 
taught  their  Duty  in  public  Life  by  their  Fears  and  their  Dangers.  Twelve 
thousand  Copies  were  circulated  in  that  Country  at  a  trifling  Expense. 
The  Antidote  however  came  too  late  for  the  Poison.'  Consequences  of  the 
French  Invasion,  1798,  pp.  iv-v  (see  No.  9180).  For  the  conquest  see 
No.  8608,  &c.  They  are  after  drawings  by  David  Hess,  a  Swiss  officer 
formerly  in  the  service  of  Holland.  They  are  said  to  have  been  etched  by 
'Humphries'  (identified  in  Thieme  Becker  as  W.  Humphreys),  but  are  in 
the  manner  of  Gillray.  Confusion  may  have  arisen  from  the  drawings 
having  been  sent  (as  seems  probable)  to  H.  Humphrey  for  engraving  and 
publication. 

There  are  two  bound  sets  of  Hollandia  Regenerata  in  the  Print  Room, 
one  printed  in  black,  the  other  in  red.  In  the  latter,  each  plate  is  faced 
by  a  printed  explanation  in  French  (the  titles  are  not  translated)  and  by 
appropriate  texts  from  the  Bible  in  Dutch  and  in  English.  The  inscrip- 
tions on  the  plates  are  partly  in  French,  partly  in  Dutch,  and  occasionally 
in  English. 

Van  Stolk,  No.  5346.  Muller,  No.  5431  a.  de  Vinck,  Nos.  4712-31  (the 
French  explanations  quoted  textually).  J.  Grand- Carteret,  Les  Moeurs  et 
la  Caricature  en  Allemagne  .  .  .,  1885,  pp.  56-60. 

The  plates  were  (closely)  copied  for  an  edition  published  in  Venice  in 
1799:  La  Regenerazione  \  dell'  Olanda  \  Specchio  \  a  Tutti  i  Popoli  Rigenerati, 
with  French  and  Italian  text,  and  additional  notes,  e.g.  'Possano  i  mali 
sofferti  dair  Italia  servir  d'esempio  alle  altre  Nazioni  .  .  .',  p.  i.  The  titles 
and  inscriptions  are  in  Italian.   Copy  in  Print  Room. 

Six  plates  were  copied  with  alterations,  it  is  said  by  Hess  ( ?  by  Gillray, 
cf.  No.  8859),  reduced  to  fit  the  small  narrow  page  of  the  1799  Revolutions- 
Almanach,  Gottingen  (not  in  B.M.L.).  Le  Livre,  iv,  1883,  p.  385. 

282 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

8846  I.  DANSONS  LA  CARMAGNOLE!  VIVE  LE  SON!  VIVE  LE 
SON!  &y  m 

Engraving.  Frontispiece.  A  Dutch  soldier  (1.)  and  his  wife  (r.),  joining 
hands,  dance  round  a  tree  of  Liberty  to  music  supplied  by  a  foppish  French 
soldier  on  the  extreme  1.  who  beats  a  drum  and  blows  a  trumpet,  and  by 
a  stout  Dutchman  on  the  extreme  r.  who  plays  bagpipes  inscribed  Vader- 
lands  Liefde  (Love  of  Country).  The  'tree'  is  a  pole  surmounted  by  a  milk- 
churn  inscribed  Vryheid  \  Gellykheid  \  Broederscha[p],^  above  which  is  a 
cap  of  Liberty  shaped  like  a  fool's  cap,  and  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed 
Hollandia  Regenerat[a].  On  the  churn  sits  a  parroquet,  'trying  to  imitate 
the  patriotic  accents  of  his  French  brothers'.  A  monkey  climbs  up  the 
pole  as  in  No.  8831.   Texts,  Acts,  vii.  41,  and  Job,  xviii.  16. 

The  planting  of  a  Tree  of  Liberty  took  place  throughout  the  Republic 
on  the  French  occupation,  e.g.  Van  Stolk,  No.  5258;  see  pi.  in  Dayot, 
Rev.  fr.,  p.  332,  of  the  inauguration  of  the  Tree  of  Liberty  in  Amsterdam, 
4  Mar.  1795.  At  the  festival  for  the  French  victories  in  Italy  (1796)  Dutch 
soldiers  were  required  to  dance  round  this  symbol.  Dropmore  Papers, 
iii.  212.   Cf.  No.  9214,  &c. 

Reproduced,  Le  Livre,  iv,  1883,  p.  388. 
ioix8Ts  in. 


8847  2.  HET  COMMITTfi  VAN  ALGEMEEN  WELZYN. 

[The  Conunittee  of  Public  Safety.] 

Engraving.  Four  grotesque  men,  all  crippled  or  deformed,  are  in  a  row 
before  a  set  of  druggist's  shelves  headed  Staats  Apotheek.  Those  on  the 
extreme  1.  and  r.  stand,  the  others  sit.  A  knock-kneed  hunchback  (1.), 
smoking  a  long  pipe,  the  smoke  inscribed  Hellebr  .  .  .,  holds  a  paper: 
Recipe.  A  ragged  and  lame  National  Guard  picks  the  pocket  of  his  neigh- 
bour. 

Above  the  shelves,  and  forming  the  apex  of  the  design,  a  fury,  Discord, 
with  snaky  locks,  leans  from  clouds,  holding  a  flaming  sword  and  looking 
down  threateningly  at  the  conference.  On  the  top  shelf  are  a  Guillotine  and 
a  bull,  Phalaris,  a  block  inscribed  Menschen  lief  de  next  a  gallows,  a 
demon.  Below  are  bottles:  Quint  Ess:  de  Robespierr,  Selde  Marat,  Recipes 
en  Assignaten  [see  No.  8849],  Rotten  gift  [poison  for  mice],  Alb:  Graec: 
On  the  wall  hang  a  sword  and  shackles.  Text,  Luke,  xii.  26. 

They  are  *un  grouppe  de  personnages  dont  I'exterieur,  le  contenence,  les 
instruments,  et  remedes  efficaces,  qu'ils  employent  pour  guerir  les  playes 
de  I'etat,  prouvent  assez  combien  ils  sont  fait  pour  travailler  au  salut 
publique'. 

It  was  reported  from  Holland  (by  both  parties)  that  only  the  French 
occupation  prevented  civil  war.   [Legrand],  La  Rev.fr.  en  Hollande,  1894, 
pp.  117  fp. ;  Hist.  MSS.  Comm.,  Dropmore  Papers,  iii.  55. 
iOisX8|in. 

8848  3-  HET  COMMITTfi  MILITAIR. 

Engraving.  A  skeleton  (cf.  No.  8825),  representing  the  reorganized  Dutch 
army,  stands  on  a  rectangular  pedestal,  inscribed  De  |  nieuwe  \  orgao  \  nio  \ 
satie.  I  1795.  I  Het  j'*  Jaar  der  \  Batavsche  Vryhyd.  It  wears  a  cocked  hat 

*  This  inscription  (Liberty,  Equality,  Fraternity)  occurs  on  Dutch  prints  after 
the  French  invasion,  e.g.  Van  Stolk,  No.  5299;  Muller,  No.  5385. 

283 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

and  short  military  coat  (showing  its  ribs — *un  bel  uniforme  a  la  Franfaise'), 
and  smokes  a  pipe.  Two  French  officers  are  on  the  1.,  one  turns  his  back 
on  the  skeleton  and  rides  his  cane,  like  a  hobby  horse,  his  sabre  against 
his  shoulder.  The  other  holds  up  an  admonishing  arm  towards  two 
dejected  Dutch  officers  of  unmilitary  appearance:  one  appears  to  be  a 
member  of  the  National  Guard,  the  other,  a  hunch-back,  wearing  jack- 
boots and  sword  but  leaning  decrepitly  on  a  cane,  tramples  on  Traite  sur 
I'honeur  Milita[tre].  He  is 'General  S.'  Text,  Jeremiah,  xWm.  14. 
10x8^  in. 

8849  4'  HET  COMMITS  VAN  FINANCIE. 

Engraving.  Four  members  of  the  committee  surround  a  treasure-chest, 
dismayed  to  find  it  empty  of  ducats  and  occupied  by  a  grinning  demon 
who  points  derisively  at  one  of  them,  the  Secretary  (wearing  a  bonnet- 
rouge  with  a  pen  in  it)  who  holds  upside  down  an  empty  bag  inscribed 
tls  ont  emigre.  One  of  them,  his  back  to  the  chest,  takes  from  a  Jew  (1.) 
wearing  a  fur  cap  a  dish  on  which  a  little  demon  is  excreting  coins.  On  the 
r.  a  large  cupboard  falls  forward  shooting  the  huge  packages  it  contains, 
inscribed  Recepissen  and  Assignats,  on  to  the  backs  of  two  of  the  committee, 
the  more  prominent  is  the  president  of  the  Committee  of  Accounts  in 
No.  8850. 

*.  .  .  les  beaux  ducats!  ils  ont  passe  chez  nos  freres,  les  Frangais!  dit  le 
Secretaire. . .  .'  The  Jew  sells  a  figure  which  he  assures  the  purchaser  will, 
if  nourished  with  the  tears  of  the  Orangists,  give  fifty  ducats  daily.  This 
is  better  than  the  piles  of  assignats  which  threaten  ruin.  Text,  Ecclesiasticus, 
Jesus  Sirach,  xl.  13. 

The  shops  were  forced  (April  1795)  to  take  assignats  from  French 
soldiers  and  to  change  them  for  receipts,  equivalent  to  a  forced  paper 
currency.   On  27  May  1795  it  was  reported  that  coin  had  completely  dis- 
appeared. Dropmore  Papers,  iii.  54,  71. 
9iix8iin. 

8850  5-  HET  CGMMITTfi  VAN  REKENING. 

Engraving.  Two  French  commissaries  stand  (1.),  each  with  a  book  under 
his  arm,  holding  out  their  demands  for  assignments  on  the  exchequer ;  one 
has  a  paper  inscribed  Payer.  Their  president,  as  in  No.  8849,  shrugging 
his  shoulders,  answers  'Impossible!'  Another  man  seated  on  a  bale  (r.) 
counts  on  his  fingers ;  before  him  are  figures  giving  a  total  of  o.  A  third 
2 

holds  up  a  paper:  2,  looking  at  it  through  an  eye-glass.   On  the  wall  is  a 

T 
Tajel  van  Multiplicatie  and  beside  it  shelves  in  which  are  books  and 
bundles  of  papers,  one  inscribed  Pretentions  des  Trouppes  Suisses.  A  shelf 
is  inscribed  Insolvable.  Text,  Ecclesiasticus,  Jesus  Sirach,  xli.  24. 
iox8i  in. 

8851  6.  HET  COMMITTfi  VAN  KOOPHANDEL  EN  ZEEVAART. 

[The  Committee  of  Commerce  and  Navigation.] 

Engraving.    Three  men  are  on  the  sea-shore,  close  to  a  small  boat  (r. 
with  a  tattered  sail.   One,  wearing  a  cocked  hat  and  military  gaiters,  has 

284 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

a  basket  slung  round  his  neck  containing  bundles  of  matches  for  sale.  He 
stands  looking  to  the  1.,  the  others  are  behind:  one  (1.)  holds  a  damaged 
anchor  on  an  anvil,  trying  to  straighten  it  with  a  hammer.  The  other  (r.) 
sits  on  a  three-legged  stool  repairing  a  ragged  sail.  The  explanation  ends 
ironically,  'Bientot  les  Bataves  regneront  sur  les  mers,  et  feront  la  loi  a  la 
glorieuse  Albion!'   Text,  Ezektel,  xxvii.  36. 

The  French  had  replaced  the  old  Five  Admiralties  (cf.  No.  6292)  with 
a  Committee  of  Marine.   There  was  great  difficulty  in  manning  ships  on 
account  of  the  stagnation  of  trade.  Dropmore  Papers,  iii.  42,  53. 
9iix8j|in. 

8852  7  HET  COMMITTfi  VAN  DE  VIVRES. 

Engraving.  Two  committee-men  make  requisitions  from  a  peasant  and 
a  barrow-woman.  One  takes  a  fish  from  the  creel  on  the  fisherman's 
back,  and  puts  it  into  a  small  cornucopia  which  he  holds.  The  victim, 
who  wears  trousers  and  sabots  filled  with  straw,  holds  a  paper,  Recepisse 
(see  No.  8849),  and  clenches  his  fist,  furious  at  receiving  a  receipt  instead 
of  cash.  The  other,  in  back  view,  has  taken  a  handful  of  turnips,  the  old 
woman  looks  at  him  with  a  hungry,  puzzled  stare. 

The  members  of  the  committee  have  just  made  a  purchase  for  the  food- 
supply  of  the  country:  a  handful  of  turnips  and  a  dried  fish  suffice  for  *des 
apprentiss-republicains'.  Text,  Proverbs,  xiv.  23. 
9iix8^in. 

8853  8.  HET  COMMITTfi  VAN  ALGEMEEN  WAAKZAAMHEID. 

[The  Committee  of  Public  Vigilance.] 

Engraving.  The  five  members  are  somnolent.  One  stands  with  closed  eyes, 
a  lighted  candle  in  each  hand,  with  one  of  which  he  negligently  sets  fire  to 
the  wig  of  a  member  asleep  in  his  chair  (1.).  The  candlesticks  are  inscribed 
P.  V.O.  ( ?  Prins  van  Oranje).  Behind  and  on  the  r.  two  sit  asleep  at  a  table 
on  which  are  glasses,  a  tall  bottle  of  Vaderlander  Schied[am\,  and  a  pipe. 
On  the  ground  behind,  a  man  lies  face  downwards,  a  glass  clasped  in  his 
hand.  On  the  floor  are  a  paper  headed  Rotterdam  and  a  decapitated  cock, 
so  dealt  with  to  prevent  the  crowing  of  the  vigilant  bird,  which  might  have 
disturbed  them.  Text,  Isaiah,  xxix.  10. 
9|x8iin. 

8854  9.  HET  CGMMITTfi  VAN  VOORLIGHTING. 
[The  Committee  of  Enlightenment  (or  public  instruction).] 

Aquatint.  A  lamp-lighter  (1.)  stands  dejectedly  on  his  ladder  which  rests 
against  a  stone  obelisk  supporting  a  lamp  whose  glass  is  broken.  The  light 
has  been  extinguished  by  a  blast  from  the  head  of  a  cherub  emerging  from 
clouds  (r.).  A  man  wearing  a  cocked  hat  standing  by  the  lamp-post  tries 
in  vain  to  get  a  spark  from  a  flint.  A  stout  citizen  bends  over  a  cup  held 
by  an  old  woman  seated  on  the  r.,  he  stirs  it  and  blows  upon  it,  evidently 
trying  to  kindle  a  light.  A  dog  befouls  the  obelisk. 

* .  .  .  Ce  Committe  se  donne  bien  dela  peine  pour  allumer  la  grande 
lanterne.    Mais  —  le  vent  siffle  —  les  verres  sont  casse  —  comment  les 
raccomoder?  — '  Text,  Job,  xviii.  5. 
7^8X61  in. 

285 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8855  10.  HET  COMMITTfe  DER  HOOGE,  LAAGEN  EN  MIDDLE- 
BAARE  HEERLYKHEEDEN. 

[The  Committee  of  high,  low,  and  middle  seignorial  rights.] 

Engraving.  A  water-side  scene  with  a  broken  tree  (r.)  in  the  middle 
distance.  A  stork  stands  with  an  eel  in  its  mouth  looking  down  at  a  duck ; 
a  tortoise  walks  off. 

'Jamais  les  Droits  Seigneuriaux  n'ont  mieuxete  administre  que  depuis 
que  la  bassecour  s'en  mele. 

Tourquoi  ce  jeune  arbrisseau  meurt-il?  .  .  .   On  a  coupe  ses  racines; 
il  aurait  pu  devenir  trop  haut.    II  faut  de  I'egalite  dans  les  republiques.' 
Text,  Jeremiah,  xiii.  i8. 
9|-X8^in. 

8856  II.  HET  COMMITTfi  VAN  NOODLYDENDE 

[The  Committee  of  Public  Assistance  (lit.  for  the  distressed).] 

Engraving.  Three  men  gorge  at  a  dinner-table  laden  with  food  and  wine. 
A  fat  man  with  the  table-cloth  tucked  under  his  chin  gnaws  a  bone.  A 
more  elegant  man  (1.),  perhaps  the  'President'  of  No.  8850,  but  wearing 
ear-rings,  offers  a  bare  bone  to  a  little  ragged  boy.  A  third  (r.)  drinks. 
A  man-servant  stands  behind,  another  (r.)  with  bludgeon  and  clenched 
fist  drives  back  a  starving  couple  who  stand  in  the  doorway  making  gestures 
of  supplication.  Above  the  design :  Charite  bien  ordonnee  commence  par 
soimeme.  Text,  James,  ii.  15,  16.  Similar  prints  in  England  are  directed 
against  parish  officers,  cf.  No.  6877. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  158  (dated  1803). 
9iix8iin. 

8857  12.  HET  COMMITTfi  VAN  UITGEWEKENEN  [refugees]. 

Engraving.  The  patriots  (known  as  'Bataves',  who  had  emigrated  in  1787 
after  their  defeat  by  the  Anglo-Prussian  alliance,  see  No.  7178,  &c.) 
approach  the  committee  (apparently  two  French  Representants  en  Mission) 
with  requests  for  money  and  clothes.  Four  men  stand  obsequiously  on 
the  r.,  two  with  papers  inscribed  Request.  From  the  pocket  of  one  (r.), 
dressed  as  a  soldier,  projects  a  carriage-lamp  (which  he  is  alleged  in  the 
text  to  have  stolen).  One  Frenchman  (wearing  a  scarf  inscribed  Repre- 
sentant),  holding  a  pair  of  breeches,  puts  money  into  an  outstretched  palm. 
The  other  haughtily  watches  the  suppliants.  On  the  1.  an  old  Jew  measures  a 
patriot  wearing  sabots,  his  coat  inscribed  N°  25,  for  a  suit  of  clothes.  Behind 
him  is  a  wall  from  which  projects  a  sign :  Nathan  Levi  Uitdraager  en  Kleer- 
maaker  [broker  and  tailor].  On  the  wall  are  four  pegs,  from  one  hangs  a 
Cap^s  Pack:  coat,  boots,  and  sword,  from  another  a  Lf  Pack:  coat  and 
sword.  Between  them  hangs  a  small  empty  bag  of  Courage  Militais  [sic], 
and  on  the  r.  a  mask.  Behind  the  suppliants  is  a  door  (r.)  above  which  is 
a  notice  surmounted  by  a  cap  of  liberty:  Nederlandsche  \  Societeyt  \  Vry 
Wyn  en  Moll  [Wine  and  beer  gratis].  On  the  door:  gebranndte  Waateren 
te  koop  [brandy  for  sale].  Text,  Proverbs,  xiii.  21. 
9iix8iin. 

8858  Jj.  HET  COMMITTfi  VAN  BUITELANDSCHE  ZAAKEN 
[foreign  affairs]. 

Engraving.  Two  French  officers  stand  behind  three  Dutchmen :  one  look- 
ing into  a  peep-show  (1.)  inscribed  L'Armee  du  Prince  Frederic  d^ Orange, 

286 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

the  Other  two  seated  in  arm-chairs.  One  of  the  latter  (c.)  holds  up  his  hands 
in  pleased  surprise;  he  looks  through  spectacles  held  by  one  Frenchman 
while  the  other  is  about  to  put  a  net  over  his  face.  The  other  (r.)  looks 
through  a  telescope;  his  shrivelled  legs  are  in  boots  which  may  conceal 
cloven  hoofs;  he  wears  a  cocked  hat.  On  the  ground  is  a  torn  paper, 
Garantie  du  Stadhouderat ;  a  pair  of  scissors  grips  the  seal  which  is  about 
to  be  cut  off.  Behind  it  a  tiny  demon  digs  with  a  spade.  Text,  Jeremiah, 
xiv.  14. 

The  French  disseminate  false  news.  Alarming  rumours  were  circulated 
(1795)  about  troops  collected  on  the  Dutch  frontier  towards  Osnabruck 
commanded  by  the  sons  of  the  Prince  of  Orange.   [Legrand],  La  Rev.  fr. 
en  Hollande,  1894,  p.  116. 
916X7-1  in. 

8859  14.  HET  COMMITTfe  VAN  FRANSCHE  REQUISITIEN. 

Engraving.  Two  French  officers  collect  requisitioned  goods  from  two 
Hollanders.  One  holds  out  smiling  an  empty  sack,  directing  an  abject 
Dutchman  on  the  extreme  r.  to  put  in  the  two  money-bags  which  he  holds. 
The  other  clenches  his  fist  and  seizes  the  wig  of  a  fat  Dutchman.  Beside  him 
(1.)  are  two  barrels.  On  the  ground  lies  a  large  paper  book  inscribed 
Requisition.  \  500  Boeufs  hollandais  \  100  Millions  de  Numerair[e]  |  600 
Moutons.  1 1000  Quint:  de  Ris.  \  60000  Fromages.  \  d'Edam  |  3000  Toneaux  \ 
de  Genevre  etc.  Behind  (r.)  is  a  baggage-wagon,  its  canvas  tilt  inscribed 
Republique  Frangoise.  It  is  filled  with  packing-cases,  one  inscribed  Cabinet 
d'Hist:  nat:  Two  men  (1.)  carry  off  sacks  and  cases  (marked  N°  105  and 
iV"  56).  Above  the  design :  Les  Battus  payent  V amende.  Text,  Jeremiah, 
xiii.  19. 

The  explanation  states  that  the  French  General  Lefebure,  in  the  heat 
of  conversation,  carried  off  the  wig  of  a  citizen  of  Arnhem  who  perpetually 
objected  to  his  requisitioning. 

Reproduction  of  a  copy  in  the  Revolutions-Almanach,  1799,  in  Le  Livre, 
iv,  after  p.  396.  There  are  alterations,  adapting  it  to  the  narrow  page.  The 
manner  is  more  emphatically  that  of  Gillray  than  the  original. 
9|x8iin. 

8860  15.  HET  COMMITT6  DE  SANTfi. 

Engraving.  An  old  woman  of  repulsive  and  disreputable  appearance  sits 
full-face  surrounded  by  quack  doctors.  Her  cap  is  inscribed  Rep:  Bat 
(Batavian  Republic),  her  petticoat  is  decorated  with  the  seven'  arrows  of 
the  United  Provinces.  Her  feet  are  in  a  tub  of  water.  One  doctor  (1.)  holds 
her  arm,  the  blood  from  which  gushes  into  a  bowl  on  her  lap.  Another  (r.) 
applies  a  cupping-glass  to  her  1.  shoulder.  A  man  (r.)  stands  primly  in 
profile  to  the  1.  holding  his  cane;  from  his  pocket  protrudes  a  book:  Traite 
sur  la  Reconaissance.  (He  is  'Citoyen  L'  who  owes  everything  to  the  ex- 
Stadholder.)  Two  military  officers  also  watch  the  treatment,  one  (1.)  has 
a  clyster-pipe  under  his  arm.  Standing  behind,  and  on  a  higher  level,  is 
the  zany  (cf.  No.  6398,  &c.),  holding  up  a  club  wreathed  with  a  serpent  in 
his  r.  hand,  a  bottle  inscribed  Tinct.  JJniver.  in  the  1.  On  the  ground  is 
a  prescription  inscribed  R.  P  M:  Mere  [i.e.  Merc].  Text,  Jeremiah,  li.  9. 
The  delicate  constitution  of  the  Republic  has  suffered  from  Uaccolade 

'  The  artist  has  arranged  the  arrows  in  groups  of  five,  not  seven. 

287 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

des  freres  liberateurs'.  After  being  bled  and  cupped  a  few  grains  of  mercury 

will  restore  her  charms. 

QlxSi^gin. 

8861  1 6.  HET  COMMITTfi  VAN  REMOTIE  [removals]. 
Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  church  or  crypt,  indicated  by  a  stone  wall 
with  funeral  monuments,  and  a  flagged  floor  in  which  old  graves  have  been 
violated.  A  soldier  tramples  on  a  skeleton,  another  levers  up  a  flag-stone. 
Behind,  a  boy  in  military  uniform,  in  back  view,  urinates  upon  a  skull.  A 
citizen  raises  a  mallet  in  both  hands  to  deface  a  large  monument  against 
the  wall,  on  which  is  the  figure  of  a  bearded  man  in  sixteenth-century 
armour,  which  partly  obscures  the  lettering  on  the  tomb :  Wil .  .  .  [F]riso 
Princ  ....  Araus  Na  .  .  .  .  A  tomb  beside  it  (r.),  headed  by  a  pyramid  of 
skulls,  is  F.  W:  \  com:  Nassov.  \  Obiit  \  Anno  .  .  |.  There  are  other  broken 
tombstones,  one  inscribed  Princ:  Araus.  A  plumed  helmet  and  blazoned 
shield  lie  on  the  ground. 

'C'est  ainsi  qu'en  Frise  les  amis  de  la  liberte  ont  detruit  jusqu'a  la 
memoire  de  leurs  anciens  tyrans.  .  .  .*  Text,  Leviticus,  xviii.  27. 

The  large  tomb,  according  to  G.  van  Rijn,  is  that  of  William  Carl 
Hendrik,  while  the  statue  is  that  of  Alva  (which  seems  inconsistent  with 
the  intention  of  the  design  as  well  as  with  the  inscription  on  the  tombs). 
Van  Stolk,  ut  supra.  More  probably  the  print  relates  to  the  destruction 
of  the  tombs  of  the  Orange  family  in  Friesland,  and  the  digging  up  of  their 
bodies  by  Dutch  Patriots.  See  letter  from  Holland  to  Eleanor  Eden, 
6  Sept.  1795.  Auckland  Corr.  iii.  313. 
iox8|in. 

8862  17.   HET  C0MMITT£  VAN  BONDGENOOTSCHAP  [Con- 
federation]. 

Engraving.  Seven  men,  closely  grouped,  fight  and  scuffle  confusedly.  On 
the  ground  (1.)  are  the  arrows  of  the  seven  United  Provinces,  broken  and 
separated,  a  cat  plays  with  the  ribbon  which  binds  them  (the  symbolical 
bond  of  union,  cf.  No.  5712).  A  National  Guard  has  taken  one  of  the 
arrows  and  drives  it  into  the  head  of  a  man  whose  eye  he  tries  to  gouge 
out,  and  who  grasps  another  antagonist  by  the  wig.  One  raises  a  chair  to 
smite,  another  empties  a  wine-bottle  on  an  opponent. 

A  satire  on  the  Convention  which  met  i  Mar.  1796  to  frame  a  constitu- 
tion. 'C'est  domage  [«c]  que  dans  la  chaleur  des  gestes  rhetoriques,  ces 
citoyens  ont  marche  sur  les  sept  fleches.  lis  ont  fait  sauter  le  cordon  qui 
les  liait.  .  .  .'   Text,  Matthew,  xii.  25. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.   159  (dated  1803).    Reproduction  of  a  copy 
(reversed)  in  Revolutions- Almanack ,  1799,  Le  Livre,  iv,  after  p.  396. 
iox8|  in. 

8863  18.  EENIGE   [Union]  DER  REPRESENTANTEN  VAN  HET 
VOLK  VAN  HOLLAND. 

Engraving.  A  birch-rod  placed  diagonally,  the  handle  (tied  with  rope)  in 
the  lower  1.  corner  of  the  design.  From  among  the  twigs  ten  heads  (carica- 
ture portraits)  project,  also  (r.)  the  head  of  a  boar  and  posteriors  emitting 
smoke. 

*0  peuple  aveugle  et  endormi!  .  .  .   C'est  la  liberte  qui  a  form6  pour 
ton  education  cette  verge  salutaire.  .  .  .*   Text,  Ezekiel,  vii.  11. 
10X8^  in. 

288 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1796 

8864  19.  DE  NATIONALE  CONVENTIE  IN  BARENSNOOD  VAN 
BENE  CONSTITUTIE. 

[The  National  Convention  in  labour  of  a  Constitution.] 

Engraving.  The  Convention,  a  creature  with  the  body  of  a  stout  woman 
and  with  seven  monstrous  and  demoniac  heads,  sits  full-face  in  an 
accoucheur's  chair.  A  little  demon  on  the  ground  holds  up  a  pitchfork. 
A  French  surgeon,  smiling  (r.),  with  shirt-sleeves  rolled  up,  holds  a  clumsy 
pair  of  forceps;  a  Dutch  accoucheur,  fat  and  senile,  peers  into  a  folio 
volume:  Sectio  Cues:  et  Sectio  Synchondroseos. 

*.  .  .  L'accoucheur  Fran9ais,  honmie  experimente,  prevoit  ses  terribles 
convulsions,  et  s'est  deja  muni  du  forceps.  Son  coUegue  Hollandais,  dont 
les  craintes  vont  encore  plus  loin,  repete  la  theorie  de  I'incision  Caesarienne. 
II  faudrait  effectivement  un  Caesar,  pour  couper  court  a  tout  proces.' 
Text,  Isaiah,  xiv.  29.  Her  fruit  shall  be  a  fiery  flying  serpent. 
9i|x8|in. 

8865  20.  PAST  OP!!!    [Look  out,  beware.] 

Engraving.  Time  stands  behind  an  oval  table  covered  with  a  cloth  on 
which  is  an  hour-glass,  its  sands  nearly  run  out,  standing  on  a  large  flat 
book  inscribed  Traite  de  Paix,  from  which  five  seals  hang  evenly.  Behind 
him  is  a  doorway  in  a  stone  wall,  covered  with  a  curtain,  one  side  of  which 
he  holds.  With  his  1.  forefinger  he  points  upwards  at  the  inscription  above 
the  door:  Uavenir,  which  is  decorated  with  seven  (drooping)  ears  of  corn. 
The  seals  are  inscribed  (1.  to  r.):  F.W.  [Frederick  William  of  Prussia]; 
G  Rx,  with  its  ribbon  inscribed  God  save  the  King;  France;  a  crowned 
C  [Catherine  II] ;  Fr.  Imp.  [Francis  Imperator]  (prophetic  of  the  powers 
that  decided  the  fate  of  Holland  in  181 5). 

'Le  genie  du  Tems  garde  la  porte  de  I'avenir; . . .  Qui  est  le  mortel  assez 
hardi,  pour  oser  le  penetrer  ? . . .'  Text,  Proverbs,  x.  28.  To  this  is  added, 
in  English  only,  St.  Matthew,  v.  9,  'Blessed  are  the  peacemakers!' 

The  restoration  of  the  Stadholderate  was  one  of  the  English  proposals 
in  the  negotiations  of  Oct  .-Dec.  1796,  see  No.  8829,  &c.   Camb.  Hist,  of 
Brit.  Foreign  Policy,  i.  263.  The  ears  of  corn  are  the  seven  United  Provinces, 
cf.  No.  8862. 
8|x8|in. 


289 


1796 

PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES 

8866  A  VIEW  OF  NORFOLK. 

Drawn  &  Etched  by  Dighton. 

Published  Feby  J*'  1796,  by  R.  Dighton,  N"  12,  Charing  Cross. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    The  Duke  of  Norfolk  stands  solidly, 
heels  together,  arms  dropped  by  his  sides,  head  turned  in  profile  to  the  1. 
In  his  r.  hand  is  his  hat,  in  his  1.  a  sheaf  of  papers.   Above  the  title  is  a 
ducal  coronet.  Scarcely  a  caricature. 
7|X7|in. 

8867  OLD  Q— UIZ  THE  OLD  GOAT  OF  PICCADILLY. 

Drawn  &  Etch'd  by  R.  Dighton. 

Published  Feby  25**  J 796,  by  R.  Dighton,  Charing  Cross. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Queensberry  (r.),  walking  beside  a  buxom 
young  milliner,  puts  out  an  arm  to  touch  her.  His  1.  hand  is  in  a  large 
mufF.  He  wears  a  star  and  from  his  coat-pocket  issue  bottles  labelled 
Renovating  Balsam  and  Velno's  Vegetable  Syrup  (see  No.  7592).  She 
carries  an  arched-topped  coffer  (as  in  No.  4923)  and  seems  not  unwilling. 
Beneath  the  title: 

A  Shining  Star — in  the  British  Peerage 
And  a  usefull  Ornament  to  Society — Fudge. 

See  No.  8714.  Reproduced,  J.  B.  Chancellor,  Lives  of  the  Rakes,  1925,  v, 
p.  92. 
8|X7jin. 

8868  THE  MASTER  OF  THE  ROLLS. 

R.  Dighton.  fecit. 

Pub  by  R  Dighton  Chars  Cross  Noif  6.  1796. 

Photograph  of  an  engraving.  Pepper  Arden,  as  a  seller  of  rolls,  walks  (like 
a  muffin-man)  with  a  tray  on  his  head,  a  basket  on  his  1.  arm,  ringing  a  hand- 
bell. He  is  directed  to  the  1.,  and  wears  an  apron  over  slovenly  and  old- 
fashioned  dress. 

5^X4^6  in- 

8869  HONBLE  COLONEL  GEORGE  H R 

Dighton  fecit 

Pu¥  Nov^  JO**  1796.  by  Dighton,  Chars  Cross. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    Hanger  rides  in  profile  to  the  1.  on  a 
shambling  pony,  his  bludgeon  under  his  r.   arm.    Beneath  the  title: 
Equerry  to  a  Great  Personage  [the  Prince  of  Wales]  and  Master  of-a-little- 
Horse.   See  No.  8889. 
6|X5f  in, 

290 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

8870  SIGR  TENDUCCI 

/  N  del  [J.  Nixon]  E  H  Sc'   [E.  Harding.] 

Pub  Jan  I.  1796.  byE&S  Harding  Pall  Mall 

Engraving.   A  caricature  portrait,  T.Q.L.,  of  Tenducci  directed  to  the  I. 

He  sings,  looking  down  at  a  paper  held  in  his  bony  r.  hand.   His  curved, 

projecting  mouth,  concave  nose  with  wide  nostrils,  and  a  melancholy 

expression,  with  lowered  eyelids,  are  stressed. 

Tenducci  (b.  c.  1736)  continued  to  sing  with  success  in  England  even 
when  his  voice  had  almost  disappeared.   One  of  his  last  appearances  was 
at  the  Handel  festival  in  1791.  Grove,  Mus.  Diet. 
6Yg  X  4^  in.  Burney  Coll. 

8871  SIR  HARRY-DIMSDALE. 
/.  Jenner  Pinx^  et  Sculps 

Publishd  as  the  Act  directs  July  12,  1796  by  J.  Jenner  at  No  26, 

Crown  Court  S'  James's  &  W  Row  Great  Marlborough  Street 
Engraving.  Portrait  of  a  man  with  short  deformed  legs  directed  to  the  1. 
He  wears  an  enormous  cocked  hat  with  two  tufts  of  feathers,  tilted  so  that 
one  peak  rests  on  his  1.  shoulder,  a  coat  with  a  star,  reaching  nearly  to  the 
ankles,  the  George  (the  jewel  of  the  Garter)  suspended  from  his  neck  by 
a  broad  ribbon.  Trees  form  a  background.  Beneath  the  title:  "A  lover 
of  Liberty  and  a  Firm  Friend  to  the  Rights  of  the  People." 

At  the  last  mock  election  at  Garratt,  Jeffrey  Dunstan  (see  vol.  vi)  is  said 
to  have  been  defeated  by  'Sir'  Harry  Dimsdale,  a  seller  of  muffins  and  tin- 
ware. D.N.B.  The  election  was  on  24  Aug.  1796.  Lond.  Chron.,  25  Aug. 
See  Hone,  Every-Day  Book,  1827,  ii.  412-15,  and  No.  8872.  Copy  (wood- 
engraving)  in  Hone,  op.  cit,,  p.  415. 
6|X4|in. 

8872  [HARRY  DIMSDALE] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  man  holding  a  basket  on  his  r.  arm 
shambles  from  1.  to  r.,  stooping.  He  has  very  small  bent  legs,  and  is 
plainly  dressed,  wearing  a  round  hat.   Beneath  the  design: 

To  the  free  &  independent  Electors  of  Garratt  this  print  of  a  worthy  candi- 
date Sir  Harry  Dimsdale  Citizen  &  Muffin  Dealer  is  humbly  inscribed  by 

Piercy  &  Woodhouse 

See  No.  8871. 
5iX4jin. 

8873  THE   PRINCE   OF   SWINDLERS,  AND   HIS   VIRTUOUS 
ASSOCIATE. 

See  Memoirs  just  Published  by  Mason^  Bookseller ^  Piccadilly.  Dec.  29, 
1796. 

Engraving.  H.L.  portraits  (not  caricatured)  of  Major  Semple  and  a 
fashionably  dressed  woman  seated  side  by  side  on  two  chairs.  He  wears 
a  cocked  hat  and  regimentals.  Apparently  an  advertisement  of  an  account 
of  Semple  (not  in  B.M.L.);  printed  beneath  the  title:  'For  the  curious 
History  of  the  above  Characters,  containing  |  The  Correspondence  with 
his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  York,  Bath  Adventures,  &c.  &c.  |  So 
interesting  and  explanatory  to  the  Philanthropic  World,'  | 

Major  Semple,  or  Semple-Lisle  as  he  called  himself  (b.  1759),  was  a 

291 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

notorious  adventurer  and  swindler  of  tradesmen.  According  to  his  auto- 
biography, 1799  (portrait),  he  was  engaged  in  quasi-diplomatic  missions. 
In  1796  he  attracted  attention  by  stabbing  himself  in  Newgate  when  about 
to  be  transported.  See  D.N.B.  The  lady  is  not  mentioned  in  either  of  the 
accounts  in  the  B.M.L,  She  is  identified  on  the  print  as  'Daughter  of 
Mother  Cole'  (in  Foote's  Minor,  i.e.  Mother  Douglas). 
3fX5|in. 

8874  [MILITARY  PORTRAIT] 

H  lygO 

Engraving.    Sketch  of  an  extremely  obese  and  round-shouldered  officer 
riding  r.  to  1.,  repeated  twice.   In  the  nearer  the  head  is  turned  from  the 
spectator  and  the  horse's  head  cut  off  by  the  1.  margin.  He  has  a  long  pig- 
tail queue,  and  wears  a  small  cocked  hat  and  jack-boots. 
Ill  X  2^5  in. 

8875  LEVI  AT  THE  GATE  OF  BACCHUS.  [1796] 

F.A   [Frederick  Atkinson  of  Stone  Gate,  York.] 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  stout,  elderly  man, 
with  a  stern  expression,  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.  on  the  door-step  of  an 
inn  which  is  indicated  by  a  sign  on  a  wrought-iron  bracket  above  his  head. 
He  wears  his  own  short  and  scanty  hair,  a  striped  waistcoat,  and  long  coat : 
his  hand  in  his  breeches  pocket.  On  the  extreme  r.  is  an  arc  of  the  wheel 
of  a  departing  carriage.  The  sign  is  that  of  a  horse,  inscribed  Backh[oiise] 
Wines.   Beneath  the  design: 

Whilst  Bacchus  within  keeps  the  juice  of  the  Vine, 

The  son  of  old  Levi  stands  forth  as  a  Sign; 

And  a  sign  of  good  cheer  too,  you^ II  pardon  the  pun. 

If  we  judge  by  this  Levi's  of  Bacchus' s  Tun. 

A  portrait  of  Levi  Whitehead,  head  waiter,  made  by  a  traveller,  identi- 
fied by  a  letter  of  thanks  from  the  subject  of  the  print:  'My  whife  .  . .  she 
sayes  it  is  a  pitty  I  should  Ever  be  any  older  &  it  is  the  greatest  Likeness 
that  ever  whas  there  is  one  thing  which  she  hopes  you  whont  Take  it  amiss 
&  that  is  a  rose  at  the  Neck  Cloath  &  Ruffel  at  the  Brest  which  I  allwayes 
where  my  wastcoate  open  six  buttons.  .  .  .  Tadcaster  April  5'*  — 96'. 
6|  X  4  in. 

8875  A  A  later  impression  with  the  imprint:  Pub  June  i,  1797  by 
W  Richardson  York  House  31  Strand.  To  this  a  small  cravat  and  indications 
of  a  shirt-frill  have  been  added. 

8876  EXALTATION  OF  FARO'S  DAUGHTERS. 
[Gillray.] 

Pub*^  May  12*''  1796,  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Lady  Buckinghamshire  (1.)  and  Lady 
Archer  (r.)  stand  side  by  side  in  the  pillory,  heads  and  hands  closely  con- 
fined, their  heads  in  profile  to  the  r.,  weeping  angrily.  Both  wear  tall 
feathers  in  their  hair  and  large  pendent  ear-rings.  Lady  Buckinghamshire 
is  forced  to  stand  painfully  on  tip-toe,  a  short  petticoat  exposes  her  fat  legs. 
On  the  front  of  the  platform  is  a  placard:  Cure  for  Gambling  Published  by 

292 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1796 

Lord  Kenyan  in  the  Court  of  Kings  Bench  on  May  9'*  1796.  This  is  raised 
above  the  (freely  sketched)  heads  of  the  crowd,  with  grinning  upturned 
faces  in  the  foreground.  Eggs,  a  cat,  &c.  fly  through  the  air;  the  pillory 
and  the  dresses  of  the  victims  are  bespattered.  On  the  r.  is  a  house  with 
spectators  in  the  windows. 

In  a  case  in  the  King's  Bench  {Nisi  Prim)  on  7  May,  when  one  publican 
brought  an  action  against  another  for  payment  of  a  note  of  hand  for  j^^ia, 
the  (successful)  defence  was  that  the  sum  was  lost  at  whist  in  the  house  of 
the  plaintiff,  who  had  offered  to  sell  the  note  for  two  guineas.  Kenyon 
said,  lamenting  the  prevalence  of  gaming,  and  wishing  those  *of  the  highest 
ranks  of  society'  who  set  the  example  could  be  punished:  'If  any  prosecu- 
tions are  fairly  brought  before  me,  and  the  parties  are  justly  convicted, 
whatever  may  be  their  rank  or  station  in  the  country,  though  they  should 
be  the  first  ladies  in  the  land,  they  shall  certainly  exhibit  themselves  in  the 
Pillory.'  Ann.  Reg.,  1796,  pp.  29*-30*.  The  faro-banks  of  these  ladies 
were  notorious,  see  No.  8075,  &c.  See  also  Nos.  8877,  8878,  8879,  8880, 
9078,  9079,  9080,  9081. 

Grego,  G/Z/roy,  p.  212.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  425.  Reprinted,  G.FF.G., 
1830.  Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  li;  Social  England,  ed  Traill,  1904,  v.  682. 
i3X9|in. 

8877  FEMALE  GAMBLERS  IN  THE  PILLORY. 

R^  Newton 

London  Pub  by  W  Holland  May  13  iyg6 

Photograph  of  an  engraving.  Two  ladies  stand  in  the  pillory,  their  heads 
and  hands  closely  confined.  One  (r.)  is  Lady  Buckinghamshire,  the  other, 
young  and  pretty,  is  probably  Mrs.  Concannon.  The  base  of  the  design 
is  formed  by  the  heads  and  shoulders  of  the  spectators,  all  men  and  much 
caricatured,  who  surround  the  pillory.  On  the  1.  is  a  building,  from  the 
window  looks  Fox,  weeping  copiously ;  he  says,  It 's  what  we  must  all  come 
to.  Behind  (r.)  is  the  head  of  a  judge,  saying.  If  any  Prosecutions  are  brought 
before  me  and  the  parties  are  fairly  and  justly  convicted  whatever  may  be  their 
rank,  or  station  in  the  country,  though  they  should  be  the  first  Ladies  in  the 
land,  they  should  certainly  exhibit  themselves  in  the  Pillory!  Vide  Lord 
Kenyon  in  summing  up  to  the  Jury  on  a  late  gambling  debt. 

See  No.  8876,  &c.   Fox's  gaming  ceased  in  1793  (cf.  No.  8331);  for  his 
faro-bank  see  No.  5972  (1782). 
Size  of  the  (reduced)  photograph,  7|X5|^  in. 

8878  COCKING  THE  GREEKS 

[?  West.] 

Pu¥  May  16  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner 

Sackville  Street  NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Lady  Archer  (1.)  and  Lady  Buckingham- 
shire (r.)  stand  in  the  pillory  as  in  No.  8876,  their  heads  turned  in  profile 
towards  each  other.  Lady  Archer  wears  a  feathered  hat,  riding-habit,  and 
boots  (cf.  No.  7973,  &c.);  Lady  Buckinghamshire  wears  feathers  in  her 
hair,  her  broad  breast  is  immodestly  bare,  her  face  is  patched.  She  stands 
on  tip-toe  on  the  top  of  her  Faro  Ba7ik  Box.  The  shadow  beneath  the  edge 
of  the  platform  forms  the  base  of  the  design ;  in  front  of  it  stands  Lord 
Kenyon,  H.L.,  in  wig  and  gown,  ringing  a  hand-bell  inscribed  i^  and  shout- 
ing ;  he  holds  a  large  scroll :  Oh  Yes — Oh  Yes — this  is  to  give  notice  that 

293 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

several  silly  Women  in  the  Parish  of  S*  Giles,  S*  James  &  S'  Georges  [see 
No.  8880] ,  have  cans' d  much  Distress  &  uneasiness  in  Family  by  Keeping  bad 
Houses  late  hours,  &  by  Shuffling  &  cutting  have  Obtained  divers  valuabl 
Articles — Whoever  zvill  bring  before  me —  See  No.  8876,  &c.  Cf.  No.  9023. 

Small  copy,  Grego,  Gillray,  p.  212. 
14X11^  in. 

8879  FARO'S  DAUGHTERS.  OR  THE  KENYONIAN  BLOW  UP 
TO  GAMBLERS. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  May  16  iyg6  hy  SW  Fores  No  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of 

Caricatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  ladies  stand  in  three  pillories, 
two  on  small  low  platforms,  the  third  resting  the  tips  of  her  toes  on  a  pair 
of  stocks,  straddling  across  Fox  (see  No.  8877),  who  sits  between  the  legs 
of  the  prisoner  which  he  holds  firmly,  his  own  feet  projecting  through  the 
stocks,  one  shoeless  and  in  a  ragged  stocking ;  his  expression  is  melancholy. 
In  the  foreground  (1.),  Lord  Kenyon  in  wig  and  gown,  seated  on  the 
ground,  crouches  over  a  bonfire  of  implements  of  gaming:  a  broken  table, 
dice-boxes,  and  cards.  The  three  pillories  are  marked  with  letters  to 
indicate  their  occupants.'  On  the  1.  S  indicates  Mrs.  Sturt,  a  middle-aged 
woman,  her  head  in  profile  to  the  r.  In  the  centre,  A  for  Lady  Archer 
whose  vulture-profile  is  unmistakable.  On  the  r.  C.  indicates  Mrs.  Con- 
cannon,  a  pretty  young  woman,  full-face,  with  bare  breasts,  who  inde- 
corously bestraddles  Fox.  In  the  background  a  fourth  pilloried  lady  stands 
in  back  view,  her  petticoats  looped  up  and  attached  to  the  pillory,  exposing 
her  bare  posteriors.  (Perhaps  Lady  Buckinghamshire,  but  not  resembling 
her  in  figure.)  A  crowd  of  spectators  is  indicated.  On  the  extreme  1.  stands 
another  judge ;  his  profile  suggests  Loughborough. 

See  No.  8876,  &c.  For  'the  fashionable  gaming  house  in  Grafton  Street' 
kept  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Concannon,  see  Farington,  Diary,  i.  185. 
9|X4|in. 

8879  a.    Another  state;  the  title  ends:  .  .  .  BLOW  UP  TO  THE 
GREEKS!!! 

8880  DIVIDING  THE  SPOIL!! 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  May  20  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  Folios 

Lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  designs  on  one  pi.,  divided  by  the 
title,  above: 

ST  James's 

Four  ladies,  fashionably  dressed,  sit  round  a  table  dividing  the  profits 
of  the  Faro  Bank.  On  the  table  are  heaps  of  guineas  with  cheques  or  bank- 
notes, a  sword,  a  ribbon  and  star,  a  paper:  Borui  200  .  .  half  Pay  .  .  Faro. 
The  two  central  figures  seated  behind  the  table  are  Lady  Archer  (with  an 
angry  expression)  and  Lady  Buckinghamshire  facing  each  other  in  profile, 
their  breasts  much  exposed.  On  the  extreme  1.  sits  a  young  and  good- 
looking  woman,  her  chin  concealed  by  a  swathing  round  the  neck;  she 
watches  the  dispute  warily,  her  arms  folded.  Facing  her  (r.)  an  older 
'  In  another  impression  these  letters  have  been  scraped  out. 
294 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1796 

woman  reads  through  a  glass  a  paper  inscribed  Hon^  Sir  please  to  pay 
Lady  Bilkem  one  Thousand  Pound  for  your  Dutiful  Son  Dupe.  These  two 
are  probably  Mrs.  Concannon  (see  No.  8879)  and  Mrs.  Sturt,  the  other 
two  fashionable  and  notorious  holders  of  faro-banks.  Lighted  candle- 
sconces  decorate  the  wall.  The  near  edge  of  the  table  forms  the  lower  edge 
of  the  design.  See  No.  8876,  &c. 

ST  Giles's 

Four  prostitutes  in  a  ramshackle  room  are  grouped,  much  as  the  four 
above,  round  a  table  on  which  their  night's  plunder  is  spread:  seals, 
watches,  &c.  They  are  younger,  handsomer,  and  have  pleasanter  ex- 
pressions than  the  women  of  fashion ;  their  breasts  are  similarly  exposed, 
though  their  dress  is  ragged.  Cf.  No.  8198,  &c. 
6|xiofin. 

8881  THE  BATTLE  OF  BANGOR. 
[Newton.] 

London  Pub  [name  erased,  probably  Holland]  May  26  I7g6 
Engraving.  An  affray  between  a  young  man  and  a  bishop,  both  supported 
by  followers;  all  are  mounted  on  goats  and  much  caricatured.  The  lay- 
man is  fashionably  dressed  and  wears  a  leek  in  his  round  hat.  He  aims  an 
antique  weapon,  the  barrel  inscribed  Owen  Tudor's  Pocket  Pistol,  at  the 
bishop,  who  wears  a  mitre  and  raises  his  crosier  in  both  hands  to  smite. 
Two  lean  and  grotesque  parsons,  wearing  bands,  are  behind  the  bishop ;  one 
shouts  Kill  me  and  spare  his  Lordship!!  Behind  the  layman  (1.)  is  a  crowd  of 
yokels  armed  with  pitchforks,  a  sickle,  &c.  All  wear  leeks  in  their  hats. 
Large  disks  inscribed  Cheese  fly  through  the  air  towards  the  bishop.  One 
of  their  number  lies  on  the  ground  on  his  back.  Behind  the  bishop  is  a 
church. 

A  satire  on  the  quarrel  between  Samuel  Grindley,  Deputy  Registrar  of 
the  diocese  of  Bangor,  and  the  Bishop  of  Bangor,  who  wished  to  turn  him 
out  of  this  office,  which  the  former  professed  himself  ready  to  resign.  In 
Grindley's  absence  the  bishop  broke  into  the  Registrar's  Office  (adjoining 
the  cathedral  at  Bangor),  altered  the  locks,  and  excluded  Grindley. 
Grindley,  with  his  husbandman  and  others,  on  8  Jan.  1796,  broke  open 
the  door  and  defended  the  place  against  an  invasion  by  the  bishop,  his 
chaplain,  two  other  parsons,  and  a  fifth  man.  He  had  a  loaded  pistol  but 
did  not  fire  it.  Grindley  prosecuted  the  bishop  (John  Warren)  and  the  four 
others  for  a  riot.  The  case  was  tried  at  the  Shrewsbury  Assizes  on  26  July 
1796.  The  judge  summed  up  in  favour  of  Grindley  but  the  jury  acquitted 
all  the  defendants.  Trial,  B.M.L.  6495.  aaa.  21/2.  See  No.  8882. 
ii|Xi6^  in. 

8882  BOXERS  OF  BANGOR  OR  MESSENGERS  OF  PEACE. 
Pu¥  Aug*  6  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N"  30  Piccadilly.    NB  Folios  of 

Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  band  of  assailants  led  by  an  irate 
bishop  approaches  from  the  r.,  to  the  attack  of  a  stone  building,  a  comer 
of  the  lower  part  of  which  is  on  the  1.  A  closed  door  is  inscribed  Office  of 
Justice ;  from  an  open  window  immediately  above  it  a  man  leans  out,  pistol 
in  hand,  saying.  This  is  my  House  this  is  my  Castle.  Two  women  kneel 
beside  the  stout  bishop,  one  clutches  his  arm  to  restrain  him,  the  other 
weeps;  a  third  standing  behind  also  weeps.   Two  parsons  with  clenched 

295 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

fists  Stand  behind  the  bishop,  one,  who  is  fat,  says  Turn  him  out;  the  other, 
who  is  lean,  says :  ///  thrach  the  Dog  I'll  box  htm  what  Dare  to  act  contrary 
to  the  Opinions  of  his  Spiritual  Dictator,  no  not  even  in  his  Temporals,  Turn 
him  out.  A  third  equally  irate  parson  stands  alone  on  the  1.  of  the  door. 
A  crowd  with  clubs  and  banners  brings  up  the  rear  behind  the  clergy ;  the 
most  conspicuous  are  two  footmen  in  livery.  The  three  banners  are: 
Church  Millitant,  Unqualified  Submission  to  our  Spiritual  Guides,  and 
All  Obedience. 

A  satire  on  the  trial  of  the  Bishop  of  Bangor  on  an  indictment  for 
assault,  riot,  and  rout  in  attempting  to  eject  Grindley  from  a  building 
attached  to  the  cathedral.  The  affray  actually  occurred  within  the  building, 
see  No.  8881.  The  bishop's  supporters,  beside  clergy,  included  his 
servants;  *by  the  intervention  of  Mrs.  Warren  and  two  ladies,  the  Bishop 
was  at  last  quieted  from  his  passion  and  withdrawn  from  the  riot'  (speech 
for  the  prosecution).  The  quarrel  is  alleged  to  have  begun  because  the 
Bishop  wished  to  secure  Grindley's  vote  and  interest  at  the  forthcoming 
general  election. 
8ixi4|in. 

8883  THE  SPIRIT  OF  SHAKSPERE  APPEARING  TO  HIS  DE- 
TRACTORS 

Designed  &  Engraved  by  W^  Hogarth  &  found  by  sombody  in  an  old 
Chest  [1796] 

[Silvester  Harding.   Pub.  W.  Richardson.^] 

Engraving.  The  ghost  of  Shakespeare  (1.)  standing  on  a  cloud  in  profile 
to  the  r.  extends  his  1.  hand  towards  the  five  terrified  members  of  the  Ire- 
land family,  all  kneeling.  The  older  Ireland  turns  his  back  on  the  Ghost, 
his  hands  raised  in  horror ;  his  son  looks  towards  him,  putting  out  his  arm ; 
the  two  girls  kneel  behind  their  brother,  Mrs.  Freeman  behind  Samuel 
Ireland.  On  the  ground  are  a  book,  a  document:  Tributary  lines  to  Ireland 
Irelande  or  Irlaunde  for  I  could  not  spell  his  name  W  Shakspere,  and  a  torn 
pamphlet :  Vortigern  condemned  by  a  most  Disintrested  Audience  April  2 1796. 
Beneath  the  title: 

Tremble,  thou  wretch. 

That  hast  within  thee  Undivulged  crimes, 

Unwhipp'd  of  justice 

Shakspere. 

Ah  me,  Ah  me,  O  dear,  O  dear. 

What  Spectre's  this,  approaching  here: 

Surely  tis  Shakspeare's  injured  shade. 

It  fills  my  soul  with  so  much  dread 

It  is,  it  is,  thus  on  our  knees. 

Let 's  strive  his  anger  to  appease. 

O  Father  of  the  British  Stage, 

Whose  wit  has  charm' d  from  age  to  age: 

Pardon  the  base  unworthy  flame. 

That  Burn't  to  rob  thee  of  thy  fame. 

But  now  this  Solemn  mock'ry  's  o'er 

Thy  gracious  mercy  wee  implore 

We'll  never  more  disgrace  thy  page. 

Our  Brains  were  gone  a  pilgrimage. 

'  Gent.  Mag.,  1797,  p.  931. 
296 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

For  the  Ireland  forgeries  see  No.  8884,  &c.  For  the  performance  of 
Vortigern  and  Rowena,  for  which  Sheridan  and  Harris  had  competed,  see 
Genest,  vii.  245-52.  It  was  played  for  one  night  only,  being  laughed  off 
the  stage. 

Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  cix. 
7^X11^  in. 

8884  THE  OAKEN  CHEST  OR  |  THE  GOLD  MINES  OF  IRELAND 
A  FARCE. 

[John  Nixon.  Pub.  Richardson.^] 

Sold  at  N  [82]  Lombard  Street,  &  to  he  had  of  all  the  Printsellers  in 
London  &  Westminster.  [1796] 

Engraving.^  The  interior  of  a  room  in  Ireland's  house,  a  number  of  his 
etchings  are  on  a  large  folding  screen.  The  older  Ireland  kneels  by  a  large 
iron-bound  chest  with  an  antique  lock  and  the  letters  W  S.  He  holds  out 
to  a  young  woman  an  enormous  tail  of  hair  (over  a  yard  long)  inscribed 
A  Lock  0/  my  Dear  Williams  Hair.  She  stands  full-face  looking  at  it 
admiringly.  The  chest  is  filled  with  documents,  one  of  which  he  holds; 
Deed  of  gift  to  Ireland  Will  Shakespeare.  The  others  are :  Verses  to  Anna 
Hatherreway,  The  Virgin  Queen,  and  Holli[nshed's]  Chr[onicles].  Beside  the 
chest  are  other  papers:  Ould  Deeds  ready  Drawn  to  Fill  up  as  Occasion 
may  require ;  King  Henry  the  thyrde ;  a  double  page,  having  on  the  r.  scrawls 
in  which  the  signature  Flizabeth  and  Globe  Black  . .  is  legible,  and  on  the  1. : 
Bess  must  have  been  Drunk  when  she  wrote  this  as  she  could  not  remember 
the  first  Letter  of  her  name  but  calls  herself  Flizabeth ;  My  alterd  Playe  of 
Titus  Andronicus  All  Written  by  Myself.  W.  Shakespeares  Deed  of  Trust 
to  Hemming;  a  W.L.  print  of  a  man  wearing  a  hat  and  cloak  inscribed: 
My  own  Figure  at  length  6  Foot. 

On  the  1.  a  loutish  youth,  William  Henry  Ireland,  sits  on  the  floor, 
full-face,  legs  apart;  with  a  vacant  grin  he  reads  a  book:  Giles  Ginger- 
bread. In  front  of  him  is  a  pile  of  four  books,  two  inscribed  Guy  Fauks 
and  Fifteen  Plays  by  Shakespeare  which  will  be  brought  forward.  Other  books 
and  papers  are  piled  in  front  of  these:  [i]  Price  of  Stock  Bank  Stock  Shut 
6  per  P^  1000  4  per  C  Shut  Shakespeare  scrip  below  par.  [2]  Leaves  from  old 
Books  to  Write  Plays  upon  with  Various  Water  Marks.  [3]  Bacons  History 
of  Henry  VH.  1622  notes  by  Shakspeare.  [4]  The  Tears  of  the  Isle  of  Wight 
for  the  Death  of  Lord  Southampton  with  notes  by  Shakespeare.  [5]  Hay  wards 
Life  ofEw^  6  1630  With  notes  by  Shakespeare.  [6]  Vortigern  &  [Row]ena. 
On  the  extreme  r.  a  young  woman  sits  in  profile  to  the  r.,  etching.  Behind 
her  sits  another  directed  to  the  1.,  pen  in  hand,  in  the  throes  of  com- 
position. 

On  the  chimney-piece  is  a  shoe  inscribed  Roman  Sandal,  flanked  by 
two  pots:  Bistre  and  Tobacoo  [W]ater  (for  staining  documents).  A  fire 
burns  in  the  grate.  Above  is  a  bust  portrait  of  Shakespeare  in  a  circle  inset 
in  a  square,  inscribed :  My  Own  Portrait  Drawn  by  my  own  Hand  from  that 
rare  Print  by  M  Droeshout  [prefixed  to  the  1623  folio].  Beside  it  (1.)  is  a 
T.Q.L.  portrait  of  Anna  Hatherrewaye,  standing  by  a  table  and  holding 
out  a  book.  On  the  r.  hangs  a  Plan  of  the  Gold  Mines  Discovered  in  the  Year 

'  Gent.  Mag.,  1797,  p.  93 1  •  Print  endorsed  by  Miss  Banks :  'Drawn  by  Mr.  Nixon 
of  the  Bank. ' 

^  Also  a  coloured  impression  in  Bumey,  'Theatrical  Portraits',  viii.  72. 

297 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

MDCCXCV:  a  line  of  sea-coast  is  inscribed  Wicklow;  men  are  loading 
asses  at  conical  mounds  and  driving  them  towards  the  sea,  where  a  small 
vessel  lies  beside  a  jetty.  On  the  screen  are  prints  of  Antwerp,  Bruges, 
Lovats  Ghost  (carrying  his  head  under  his  arm);  a  letter  (upside  down): 
Dear  Sir  It  greves  me  to  say  you  were  not  Elected  at  the  Antiquarian  Society 
I  am  .  .  (two  seals  follow) ;  a  paper  (beside  Ireland)  My  Own  Remarks  on 
Brabant  Flanders  (Ireland's  Picturesque  Tour  .  .  .,  1790;  he  was  alleged 
(incorrectly)  never  to  have  been  out  of  England);  prints  of  Windsor, 
Maidenhead,  Stains,  Henley  (from  his  Picturesque  Views  of  the  River 
Thames,  1792);  prints  of  Prigg  the  Prizefighte[r],  The  Drill,  Vortigern. 
Beneath  the  title:  "the  Earth  hath  Bubbles  as  the  Water  has  and  these  are 
of  them,  Shakspere  ['of  inserted  in  pen]. 
Beneath  the  design: 

In  A  musty  Old  garret  some  where  or  another. 

This  Chest  has  been  found  by  some  person  or  other. 

Yet  by  whom  is  A  secret  that  must  not  be  told 

For  your  mystery  puzzles  the  young  and  the  Old: 

But  the  Chest  being  here  the  contents  you  shall  see. 

Subscribe  but  four  Guineas  as  part  of  my  fee. 

The  first  thing  I  shew  you  is  a  relick  most  rare. 

An  astonishing  Lock  of  the  great  Shakspeare^s  hair! 

Out  of  which  twenty  rings  more  or  less  have  been  made; 

Nor  a  Single  Hair  miss' t  from  this  wonderful  Braid. 

The  next  is  the  Manuscript  play  of  King  Lear; 

It  is  true  Master  Critic  so  pray  do  not  Sneer: 

In  its  own  native  form  by  no  Editer  drest; 

But  in  Adam  Like  Nakedness  simple  and  chaste. 

An  Original  Sonnet  I  now  shall  present. 

From  sweet  Willy  to  Anna  Hatherrewaye  sent. 

Plainly  telling  in  numbers  so  simple  and  new. 

That  Willye  thye  Willye  to  his  Anna  still  trewe 

With  drawings  and  leases  and  deeds  without  number; 

And  fifteen  new  Plays  that  have  lain  by  as  lumber: 

Which  shall  soon  be  brought  forward  to  pleasure  the  tozon. 

All  our  pocketts  to  fill  and  our  labour  to  Crown! 

For  genious  like  Ours  thats  so  little  regarded. 

Ought  some  way  or  other  to  be  well  rewarded. 

Hark  great  Vortigern  comes  now  ye  criticks  be  dumb; 

This  is  Shakespeares  I'll  swear:  if  'tis  not  'tis  a  Hum! 

As  in  No.  8883  the  whole  Ireland  family  is  here  implicated  in  the 
Shakespeare  forgeries.  The  women  are  presumably  Mrs.  Freeman,  the 
housekeeper  and  amanuensis,  and  Ireland's  two  daughters,  Jane  a  minia- 
turist, and  Mrs.  Anne  Marie  Barnard.  Samuel  Ireland  (himself  deceived) 
announced  in  March  1795,  and  published  in  December,  facsimile  copies 
of  the  forged  documents,  price  four  guineas  to  subscribers.  Gold  was 
found  in  the  Wicklow  Mountains  in  the  autumn  of  1795.  {Lond.  Chron., 
8,  18  Oct.  1795,  &c. ;  Ann.  Reg.,  iyg5,  pp.  152*  f.)  O'Keefe's  comic  opera, 
The  Lad  of  the  Hills  or  the  Wicklow  Gold  Mine,  was  first  played  9  Apr. 
1796.  (Genest,  vii.  269  f.)  See  Sidney  Lee  on  S.  and  W.  H.  Ireland  in 
D.N.B.;  Mair,  The  Fourth  Forger,  1938,  and  Nos.  8883,  9064. 

Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  ex;  Mair,  op.  cit.,  p.  62. 
iiJ|Xi6}|in. 

298 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL   SATIRES   1796 

8885  TWO-PENNY  WHIST. 
J*  Gy  ad  vtvam  fee* 

Pu¥  Ja7iy  Jj'*  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  game  at  whist  at  a  round  card-table. 
'Betty'  (1.)  holds  out,  with  a  triumphant  grin,  the  ace  of  spades  with 
which  she  is  about  to  take  the  seventh  consecutive  trick.  Her  mistress, 
Miss  Humphrey,  sits  on  her  1.  The  two  men  are  said  to  be  Tholdal,  a 
German,  who  turns  his  head  in  astonishment  towards  Betty,  and  Betty's 
partner,  Mortimer,'  a  picture-dealer  and  restorer.  A  scene  in  Bond  Street, 
shortly  before  the  removal  to  St.  James's  Street.  This  print  (reversed) 
appears  in  Humphrey's  shop  window  in  Gillray's  Very  Slippy-Weather, 
1808. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  16  (small  copy),  209.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  413. 
Reprinted,   G.W.G.,    1830.     Reproduced,   Angelo,   Reminiscences,    1904, 
i.  302. 
7l6Xii|in. 

8885  A  A  copy:  J^  Gillray  ad  Vtvam  deV,  faces  p.  37  in  The  Caricatures 
of  Gillray  B.M.L.,  745.  a.  6. 
5f  X  8|  in.  With  border,  6^ X  9I  in. 

8886  SANDWICH-CARROTS!— DAINTY  SANDWICH-CARROTS. 

J*  Gy  ad  vivam,  fee* 

Pu¥  Dec  3^  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  buxom  girl  pushes  (1.  to  r.)  her  barrow 
of  carrots  along  the  pavement  of  Bond  Street,  looking  over  her  r.  shoulder 
at  Lord  Sandwich  ('Jemmy  Twitcher'),  who  overtakes  her  and  twitches  her 
apron.  He  is  in  profile  to  the  r.,  leering  at  her.  Her  elegant  shoes  and 
clocked  stockings  are  inconsistent  with  her  occupation.  The  background 
is  a  bookseller's  shop  at  the  corner  of  Little  Maddox  Street  (1.)  and  New- 
Bond  Street  (r.),  displaying  the  royal  arms.  Over  the  door,  in  Bond  Street, 
is  Faulder  and  above  the  two  windows.  Bookseller  &  Book  Binder.  Pamph- 
lets or  open  books  fill  the  panes  of  the  windows:  Rules  of  the  Order  of 
S*  Francis  [an  allusion  to  Sir  Francis  Dashwood  and  the  profligate  order 
of  Medmenham  Abbey] ;  List  of  Servant  Maids;  A  Chip  of  the  old  Block', 
Doe  Hunting  an  Ode  by  an  old  Buck  Hound;  The  Beauties  of  Bond  Street 
(cf.  No.  8377) ;  A  Journey  through  Life— from  Maddox  Street  unto  Conduit 
Street  &  back  again.  The  side  of  a  third  §hop-window  in  Maddox  Street 
appears  on  the  extreme  1.   Cf.  No.  7080. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  216-17  (reproduction).  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  427. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
i3fX9|in. 

8887  A  PHILOSOPHER,— CONDUIT  STREET. 
[Gillray  f.] 

Pub'^  March  28*^  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  37  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).    An  elderly  man   displays  scientific 
experiments.  He  stoops  forward,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  holding  a  rod  horizon- 
tally between  his  fingers,  in  the  1.  hand  is  a  glass.  A  small  still,  phials,  &c., 

■  Or,  according  to  Wright  and  Evans,  Mr.  Jeffrey  (presumably  the  enemy  of 
Mrs.  Fitzherbert)  and  Watson  (presumably  the  print-seller),  but  in  Scientific  Re- 
searches (23  May  1802)  the  former  is  identified  by  Wright  as  Tholdal,  and  in 
Connoisseurs  ...  (16  Nov.  1807)  'Watson'  is  identified  by  him  as  Mortimer. 

299 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

and  an  elaborate  appliance  (r.)  are  on  the  long  table  behind  which  he  stands. 
On  the  wall  are  two  medallion  profile-portraits,  one  (1.)  being  that  of 
Priestley.  A  serpent,  a  scroll  with  cabalistic  signs,  a  terrestrial  globe  on 
a  bracket,  are  also  on  the  wall,  which  is  lit  by  a  single  candle  with  a 
curiously  shaped  reflector. 

Identified  as  'D""  Walker',  evidently  Adam  Walker  (?  1731-1821),  who 
gave  lectures  on  natural  philosophy,  and  was  a  protege  of  Priestley.  He 
lectured  every  winter  in  London  to  numerous  audiences,  and  was  engaged 
as  lecturer  to  Eton,  Westminster,  Winchester,  and  other  schools.  DM.B. 
7nX  5i|  in.  With  border,  8|x  6i|  in. 

8888  A  PEEP  AT  CHRISTIES;— OR— TALLY-HO,  &  HIS  NIME- 

NEY-PIMMENEY  TAKING  THE  MORNING  LOUNGE. 
y^  Gy  ad  vivam  fecit — 

Pu¥  Sept.  24^  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Miss  Farren  and  Lord  Derby,  both  in 
profile  to  the  r.,  walk  together  inspecting  pictures.  She,  very  thin  and  tall, 
looks  over  his  head  through  a  glass  at  a  picture  in  the  second  row  of 
Zenocrates  &  Phryne.  He  looks  at  the  picture  immediately  below.  The 
Death,  a  huntsman  holding  up  a  fox  to  the  hounds.  The  frame  is  deco- 
rated by  an  earl's  coronet  with  horses,  cf.  No.  9074,  &c.  Lord  Derby,  much 
caricatured,  very  short  and  obese,  wears  riding-dress  with  spurred  boots 
and  holds  a  whip.  Miss  Farren  wears  no  hat,  a  dress  hanging  from  the 
shoulders  and  trailing  behind  her,  short  sleeves  and  gloves.  Both  hold  an 
open  Catalogue. 

Behind,  a  man  (1.)  and  two  ladies  in  back  view  and  arm-in-arm  inspect 
a  picture  of  Susan[nah  and  the]  Elders.  The  lady  in  the  centre  wears  a  high, 
twisted  turban  (cf.  No.  8755)  with  an  enormous  feather,  the  other  wears 
a  round  hat. 

Nimeney-pimeney  (cf.  No.  9074)  is  a  part  in  The  Heiress  (1786),  by 
Burgoyne,  dedicated  to  Lord  Derby,  in  which  Miss  Farren  had  a  great 
success  and,  according  to  the  D.N.B.,  captivated  Derby,  But  the  attraction 
dated  at  least  from  1781,  see  No.  5901,  and  was  the  occasion  of  other 
prints  before  1786. 

Grego,  Gillray  (small  copy).   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  429.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830.   Reproduced,  Marillier,  ''Christie's"  iy66  to  1925,  1926, 
p.  48. 
i2fX9im. 

8889  GEORGEY  A'  COCK-HORSE. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Nov''  23^  1796,  hy  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 
Engraving.  G  W.G.,  p.  97.  George  Hanger  rides  in  profile  to  the  1.  on 
a  pony  with  a  heavy  body  and  short  legs ;  his  r.  foot  thrust  forward,  the 
end  of  his  bludgeon  resting  on  the  r.  toe.  He  wears  a  round  hat  tilted 
over  the  r.  eye,  a  striped  neck-cloth,  and  prominent  shirt-frill.  Behind  is 
the  corner  of  (lower)  Grosvenor  Street,  showing  the  door  and  a  window  of 
the  famous  coffee-house,  The  Mount,  the  name  inscribed  over  the  door. 
For  Hanger  and  his  pony,  'the  horse  of  'Squire  Hanger,  that  great 
Macaroni',  cf.  Marquis  Townshend's  verses,  On  the  Death  of  a  certain 
Nag  of  public  Consequence,  in  his  Misc.  Poetry,  privately  printed  1791  and 
1807.  See  Nos.  8869,  8890,  9078. 

300 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

There  is  a  pen-drawing  by  Gillray  in  the  Print  Room  of  Hanger  gallop- 
ing (1.  to  r.)  on  his  pony,  his  bludgeon  in  his  r.  hand. 

Grego,  Gt7/ray,  p.  415.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  426.  Reprinted,  G.PT.G., 
1830.  Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  clxxiv;  E.  B.  Chancellor,  Lives  of  the  Rakes, 
vi.  190. 
izfx  io|  in. 

8890  STAGGERING-BOBS,  A  TALE  FOR  SCOTCHMEN,— OR— 
MUNCHAUSEN  DRIVING  HIS  CALVES  TO  MARKET 

[Gillray.] 

Pub  Dec"  J*'  1796.  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond-Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  George  Hanger  bestrides  a  pile  of  calves 
with  which  his  pony  is  laden,  high  above  his  mount's  head.  He  sits  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  carrying  a  bludgeon ;  his  r.  leg  thrust  forward  over  the  calves. 
The  fore-feet  and  hind-feet  of  the  calves  are  tied  and  lie  across  the  pony 
and  each  other.  Eleven  heads  are  visible.  Hanger  says:  Here  they  are  my 
Lord,  here's  the  slunk  Calves,  by  Gxx — no  allusion,  dxnCme! — almost  forgot 
you  was  a  North-Countrey-Man! — Runt  carries  weight  well! — no  less  than 
Thirteen  damme! — come  push  about  the  Bottle,  &  III  tell  you  the  Story; — 
In  Scotland  they  eat  no  Veal,  by  Gxx!  nothing  but  Staggering-Bobs, — by 

Gxx! — on  my  Honor  &  Soul  I  mean  no  insult! — but  Tattersal  he  swore,  d n 

me,  if  he  didn't, — that  on  a  small  Scotch  Runt,  he  saw,  Gxx  dxxn  my  blood, — 
how  many  d'ye  think  he  saw? — ( — "Saw  what,  Georgey? — ) — why  Calves! — 
Staggering-Bobs  to-be-sure! — why  d'ye  think  he  saw  Seventeen? — no! — but 
dxxme,  by  Gxx,  he  saw  Thirteen!!! — &  all  just  upon  such  another  little  Cock- 
Horse  as  my  own!!!  Beneath  the  title:  This  Print  is  dedicated  to  Lord Exxxl 
[Errol,  see  No.  9024],  his  Party,  &  the  Frequenters  of  Steevens's  in  general. 
(Stevens's  was  a  famous  coffee-house  in  Bond  Street,  cf.  No.  9067.) 
Probably  from  the  same  sketch  as  No.  8889,  which  the  head  and  dress 
closely  resemble. 

Grego,  G///ray,  p.  215.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  437.  Reprinted,  G.PT.G., 
1830. 
13IX10  in. 

8891  MODERN  GRACE,— OR— THE  OPERATICAL  FINALE  TO 
THE  BALLET  OF  ALONZO  E  CARO. 

y^  Qy  d.  etf 

Pu¥  May  5'*  iyg6  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Didelot  dances  on  the  stage  between 
two  women,  both  very  lightly  clad  in  quasi-classical  costume,  and  wearing 
cothurnes.  He  wears  a  feathered  hat,  tunic,  and  cloak,  and  looks  towards 
Mme  Parisot  (r.);  she  strikes  an  attitude  with  r.  leg  raised  and  arms 
extended,  and  looks  alluringly  towards  him,  her  r.  breast  bare.  Mme  Rose 
(1.),  his  wife,  dances  with  more  restraint,  her  sharp-featured  profile  turned 
austerely  towards  her  husband.  All  wave  their  arms  above  their  heads,  and 
their  attitudes  are  in  fact  graceful  (though  caricatured).  Two  plump 
danseuses  (1.  and  r.)  whirl  on  one  toe  in  the  background.  Behind  Didelot 
is  an  irradiated  sun,  with  features  looking  down  disapprovingly  at  the 
dancer. 

The  satire  seems  chiefly  directed  against  Mme  Parisot's  exposure  of  her 
person  and  the  transparent  dress  of  Mme  Rose,  see  Nos.  8892-4. 

301 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

For  Charles-Louis  Didelot  (1767-1837)  see  C.  W.  Beaumont,  Biblio- 
graphy of  Dancing,  1929,  p.  62.  The  ballet  was  by  Onorati  from  Les  Incas 
by  Marmontel,  six  performances,  the  first  on  6  Apr.  1796. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  2 1 1 .  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  43 1 .  Reprinted,  G.  W.G., 
1830. 
9|xi3|in. 

8892  "NO  FLOWER  THAT  BLOWS,  IS  LIKE  THIS  ROSE". 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  April  12^^  1796,  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  opera-dancer,  Mme  Rose  Didelot, 
is  poised  on  her  r.  toe,  her  head  turned  in  (sharp-featured)  profile  to  the  1., 
holding  up  a  long  garland  of  roses.  She  wears  a  pseudo-classical  costume, 
defining  her  person,  the  edge  of  the  skirt  bordered  with  roses,  a  wreath 
of  roses  in  her  hair  which  is  almost  short.  The  scenery  is  of  trees  with  a 
landscape  background. 

The  dancing  of  Didelot  and  his  wife  at  the  Opera  caused  a  sensation 
in  the  spring  of  1796,  the  first  performance  being  on  20  Feb.  'We  never 
witnessed  anything  of  the  kind  so  admirable  as  the  management  by 
Mme  Rose,  of  her  arms  and  the  parts  of  her  body.  Grace,  ease,  and 
dignity  seem  contending  for  pre-eminence.'  True  Briton,  22  Feb.  1796. 
See  No.  8891,  &c. 

The  water-colour  sketch  for  this  by  an  amateur  (with  title)  is  in  the 
Print  Room.   (201.  c.  6/8.) 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  211.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
9^x8  in. 

8893  MADAMOISELLE  PARISOT 
Sketched  at  the  Opera  by  R^  Newton 

London  Pub  by  W  Holland  N°  50  Oxford  St  [date  erased,  1796]. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Mme  Parisot  stands  on  the  1.  toe,  full- 
face,  her  arms  extended  and  raised  slightly  above  the  shoulders,  her  r.  leg 
extended,  the  toe  a  little  higher  than  the  waist;  she  points  directly  at  a 
stage-box  (1.),  looking  alluringly  to  the  r.  In  the  box  sits  the  Duke  of 
Queensberry,  peering  through  a  quizzing-glass  under  the  raised  skirt  of 
the  dancer.  Behind  him  stands  a  fat  bishop,  looking  at  her  through  an 
opera-glass.  The  men,  but  not  the  dancer,  are  caricatured. 

See  No.  8894.  The  bishop  is  perhaps  Barrington,  Bishop  of  Durham, 
who  led  the  outcry  against  the  scanty  dress  of  opera  dancers  in  1798,  see 
No.  9297,  &c. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Frau  in  der  Karikatur,  igo6,  after  p.  448. 
iifxi3tin. 

8894  A  PEEP  AT  THE  PARISOT!  WITH  Q  IN  THE  CORNER! 
/  Cruikshank 

Lond  Pub  May  y  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly 

Engraving.  A  corner  of  the  opera  house.  A  dancer  is  poised  on  her  r.  toe, 
while  she  leans  forward,  both  arms  extended,  her  1.  leg  extended  horizon- 
tally towards  the  audience.  Her  head  is  turned  full-face.  Those  in  the 
pit  are  peering  under  her  skirt,  which,  falling  limply  almost  to  her  ankles, 

302 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

defines  her  figure.  In  the  front  row  of  the  pit  sit  (1.  to  r.)  the  Duke  of 
Queensberry  peering  through  an  opera-glass;  Sheridan,  biting  his  thumb 
apprehensively  (probably  fearing  competition  with  Drury  Lane);  Fox, 
leaning  back  laughing,  while  Pitt  stands  behind  him,  holding  his  shoulders, 
and  staring  intently  at  the  dancer.  Among  the  heads  behind  are  Burke  on 
the  extreme  r.,  Bedford  next  him,  then  Loughborough  and  (?)  Erskine  in 
their  legal  wigs.  In  a  box  on  the  first  tier  sit  two  ladies  and  a  man,  looking 
down  upon  the  dancer,  except  that  one  of  the  ladies  stares  at  the  man  she 
sits  next  through  a  glass.  A  door  giving  on  to  the  stage  is  open,  through 
which  two  men  are  staring  up  at  the  dancer.  Behind  stands  a  prim-looking 
man  wearing  spectacles.  A  scene  of  trees  and  foliage  forms  a  background 
to  the  stage. 

An  eager  interest  in  the  famous  'attitudes'  of  Mme  Parisot  brings 
enemies  (Fox  and  Pitt,  Burke  and  Bedford,  cf.  No.  8788,  &c.)  into  proxi- 
mity. Mme  Parisot  was  the  rival  of  Mme  Rose  Didelot  at  the  opera  in 
the  spring  of  1796,  see  Nos.  8891,  8892.  Her  attitudes,  see  No.  8893,  were 
much  praised,  but  there  were  complaints  that  they  were  insufficiently 
varied :  'Parisot  should  be  more  sparing  of  her  attitudes  upon  one  leg.  They 
are  fine,  but  too  frequent  repetition  may  produce  satiety.'  True  Briton, 
10  Mar.  1796.   See  also  ibid.,  9  Mar.   See  No.  8893. 

Reproduced,  C.  E.  Jensen,  Karikatur-Album,  Copenhagen,  i.  158. 
9|Xi4|-in. 

8895  A  MODERN  BELLE  GOING  TO  THE  ROOMS  AT  BATH. 
[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Janv  J  J'*  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey,  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  chairmen  carry  (1.  to  r.)  a  lady  in 
a  sedan  chair.  The  roof  is  raised  and  through  it  projects  an  enormous 
ostrich  feather,  rising  from  an  aigrette  and  curls,  which  also  extend  above 
the  roof.  To  the  second  chairman's  back  is  strapped  the  base  of  a  long 
curving  rod  which  supports  an  umbrella  to  protect  the  feather.  Through 
the  window  of  the  chair  appears  the  lady's  profile.  She  holds  a  half-closed 
fan  before  her  face.  Behind  (1.)  is  a  plain  town  house  of  three  stories  behind 
its  area-railings ;  it  is  next  a  high  curving  wall  (r.).  Probably  from  a  design 
by  an  amateur. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  209.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  414.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.    Reproduced,  Social  England,  ed.  Traill,  1904,  v.  675;  Fuchs,  Die 
Fran  in  der  Karikatur,  1906,  p.  299. 
I2|x8f  in.  With  border,  13! X9f  in. 

8896  LADIES  DRESS,  AS  IT  SOON  WILL  BE. 
Henry  C /  del.   [Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Janv  2d^  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey.  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  lady,  young  and  handsome,  stands  in 
profile  to  the  1.  holding  a  closed  fan  in  both  hands.  She  wears  one  garment 
only,  a  quasi-classical  tunic,  its  waist  immediately  below  the  breasts  which 
are  almost  bare.  It  is  slit  at  the  side  to  show  a  leg  with  gartered  stocking. 
Her  hair  is  bound  with  a  ribbon  and  falls  loosely  on  forehead  and  shoulders. 
In  it  are  three  ostrich  feathers.  A  panelled  wall,  with  a  candle-sconce  and 
showing  part  of  a  large  mirror  (1.),  forms  a  background.  There  is  a 
patterned  carpet.  Perhaps  a  portrait  of  Lady  C.  Campbell. 

303 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

For  the  fashion  of  classical  draperies  moulding  the  figure  cf.  Nos.  8388, 
857 1 ,  8758,  &c. ,  8897-8905, 9457,  &c.  It  was  especially  associated  with  Lady 
Charlotte  Campbell,  see  No.  8719.  Cf.  T,  J.  Mathias,  Pursuits  of  Litera- 
ture, ii,  1796, 1.  220,  n. :  'The  dress  of  the  present  period  has  warranted  the 
caricatures  of  the  day,  particularly  .  .  .  "the  dress  of  Ladies  as  it  will  be".' 
The  Morning  Chronicle,  26  Feb.  1796:  'The  ladies  of  the  present  day, 
without  waists,  do  not  perhaps  know  that  they  copy  that  fashion  from 
Madame  Tallien,  who  copied  it  from  the  Greeks.' 

One  of  the  prints  in  Humphrey's  window  in  Gillray's  Very  Slippy- 
Weather,  1808. 

Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  201. 
10x6^^  in.  With  border,  11^x8^  in. 

8897  THE  FASHIONABLE  MAMMA,— OR— THE  CONVENIENCE 
OF  MODERN  DRESS. 

Vide,  The  Pocket  Hole,  &c. 
J'  Gy  des.  etfed 
Pu¥  Feby  J5'*  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey,  New  Bond  Street — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fashionably  dressed  woman  sits  (1.) 
in  profile  to  the  r.,  on  an  upright  chair,  while  a  carriage  waits  for  her.  Her 
loose  dress,  high  to  the  neck,  has  two  embroidered  slits  to  reveal  the 
breasts.  A  pretty,  buxom  nurse  holds  out  an  infant,  who  eagerly  sucks 
the  breast  thus  conveniently  laid  bare.  She  wears  a  turban  with  two  erect 
feathers,  and  short  sleeves ;  her  gloved  r.  hand  holds  a  closed  fan.  On  the 
wall  behind  her  is  a  large  picture,  Maternal  Love,  a  seated  woman  suckles 
an  infant.  Through  a  high  sash-window  is  seen  a  corner  of  the  waiting 
coach,  a  footman  holding  open  the  door,  a  fat  coachman  on  the  box.  The 
coach,  hammer-cloth,  and  the  lady's  chair  are  decorated  with  a  baron's 
coronet.   A  patterned  carpet  covers  the  floor. 

The  superseding  of  the  wet-nurse  was  a  fashion  which  derived  from  the 
doctrines  of  Rousseau;  cf.  No.  8901.   See  No.  8896,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  209  (small  copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  415. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  283. 
I2|x8^  in.  With  border,  13!  X9I  in. 

8897  A  A  copy :  Ja*  Gillray  del.,  faces  p.  93  of  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 
7|X5^  in.  With  border,  8|x6J  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

8898  LA   BELLE    ESPAGNOLE,  —  OU  —  LA    DOUBLURE    DE 
MADAME  TALLIEN. 

f  Gy  d:  etf 

Pu¥  2^^  Feby  lygO.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  handsome  mulatto  woman  walks 
from  1.  to  r.  and  slightly  towards  the  spectator.  Her  hair  is  a  mop  of 
carefully  arranged  curls.  She  wears  a  high-waisted,  trailing  dress,  defining 
her  limbs,  with  a  shoulder-scarf,  bare  arms  and  neck,  and  much  quasi- 
barbaric  jewellery.  On  the  wall  (r.)  half  of  a  picture  of  Havanna  is  visible. 
A  patterned  carpet  completes  the  design. 

Reputed  to  represent  'a  Creole  lady  from  Spanish  America,  ...  a 
celebrated  performer  in  the  ballet',  who  strikingly  resembled  Mme  Tallien. 
'Description'  of  the  1830  reprint,  p.  100. 

Evidently  a  travesty  (in  reverse)  of  a  plate  by  Heideloff  in  his  Gallery 

304 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

of  Fashion  (ii),  fig.  87 :  'A  New  Dress,  in  the  Roman  Style,  introduced  at 
the  Opera  by  a  foreign  Lady  of  distinction',  pub.  i  Feb.  1796.  The  negroid 
suggestion  derives  from  the  hair  of  the  original,  which  is  arranged  in  a  mop 
of  ringlets.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  5230.  b.  See  No.  8896,  &c.  For  Gillray's 
'doublures'  cf.  No.  9261. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  209-10.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  419.   Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
io|x6y|  in.  With  border,  12X8|  in. 

8899  LADY  GODINA'S  ROUT ;— OR— PEEPING-TOM   SPYING 
OUT  POPE-JOAN. 

Vide  Fashionable  Modesty  . 
fGyd:etf: 
Pu¥  March  12*^  1796,  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  fashionable  crowd, 
with  two  card-tables,  a  round  table  in  the  foreground  (1.)  at  which  four 
persons  play  Pope-Joan ;  the  most  conspicuous  is  a  pretty  young  woman 
directed  to  the  1.,  her  loose  semi-transparent  draperies  revealing  her  person 
and  leaving  her  breasts  almost  uncovered.  A  leering  man  stands  behind 
her  chair,  negligently  holding  candle-snuffers  to  a  candle  on  the  table,  in 
order  to  peer  down  her  decoUetage.  A  stout  lady  in  back  view,  sitting  on 
a  stool  (identified  as  Lady  Buckinghamshire,  but  ( ?)  Duchess  of  Gordon), 
a  little  girl,  and  an  elderly  man  (identified  as  Dr.  Sneyd)  complete  the 
table.  On  the  r.  is  another  card-table  at  which  three  persons  are  playing. 
Standing  figures  freely  sketched  form  a  background,  the  whole  design 
being  dominated  by  the  erect  feathers  of  the  ladies,  usually  springing  from 
a  turban,  cf.  No.  8755. 

The  scantily  covered  lady  is  identified  by  Wright  and  Evans  as  Lady 
Coventry,  by  Grego  (more  probably)  as  Lady  Georgiana  Gordon  (hence 
the  name  'Godina').  See  No.  8896,  &c.  William  Sneyd,  Rector  of  Elford, 
was  the  friend  of  Canning  who  introduced  Gillray  to  him.  Bagot,  Canning 
and  his  Friends,  i,  passim. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  210.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  416.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9^X13-1  in. 

8900  HIGH-CHANGE  IN  BOND  STREET,— OU— LA  POLITESSE 
DU  GRANDE  MONDE. 

y'Gyd:etfed 

Pu¥  March  2f^  1796,  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bond  Street,  the  pavement  receding 
diagonally  from  I.  to  r.,  is  thronged  with  fashionable  pedestrians.  In  the 
foreground  five  fashionably  dressed  men  advance,  forming  a  phalanx 
which  pushes  on  to  the  cobbled  roadway  a  lady,  dressed  rather  for  the 
ball-room  than  the  street,  to  whose  arm  clings  a  little  girl;  both  are  in 
back  view.  The  men  smile  or  leer.  The  lady's  neck  diminishes  to  a  point, 
tresses  of  hair  hang  from  her  turban  (cf.  No.  8755),  which  is  trimmed  by 
a  gigantic  erect  feather.  Her  over-dress  hangs  from  her  shoulders  and 
swells  into  folds  which  sweep  the  ground.  She  holds  a  fan.  (Small  copy 
in  Grego.)  Behind  (r.)  three  ladies  walk  arm-in-arm  in  the  roadway:  a  fat 
woman  in  a  riding-habit,  looking  through  an  opera-glass,  and  two  younger 
women,  one  with  her  face  covered  by  a  transparent  veil  reaching  nearly 

305  X 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

to  the  knees,  the  other  looking  demurely  down.  Among  the  crowd  in  the 
background  a  man  arm-in-arm  with  a  military  officer  in  back  view  ( ?  Lord 
Moira)  resembles  Fox. 

Cf.  No.  8377,  &c.  for  the  'Bond  Street  Lounge'.  The  lower  part  of  the 
shops  on  one  side  of  Bond  Street  forms  the  background.  In  the  fore- 
ground a  lady  enters  a  doorway  inscribed  Billy  Tape  Millener;  within, 
an  obsequious  shop-man  holds  out  ribbon.  Above  the  door  is  the  sign  of 
The  Three  Pigeons.  The  next  doorway  (r.)  is  that  of  Bijoux  Toyman. 

A  satire  on  costume  as  well  as  on  manners.  The  variously  curving  brims 
and  sideways  cocks  of  the  hat,  the  wrinkled  half-boots  and  long  pantaloons, 
and  the  spencer  (see  No.  8192)  are  conspicuous.   Cf.  No.  8896,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  210.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  417.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  liii. 
9|xi3|in. 

8901  MODERN  NURSING 
IK  I7g6 

Engraving.  A  satire  on  high-waisted  dresses.  A  lady  (1.)  stands  holding 
an  infant  in  a  long  robe  (cf.  No.  8897).  She  wears  a  round  hat  of  masculine 
shape  trimmed  with  three  small  feathers.  Her  dress  hangs  in  straight  folds 
from  a  line  across,  or  above,  her  breast ;  behind  appears  the  end  of  a  train. 
Beside  her  stands  a  lady  in  back  view :  a  transparent  curtain  veil  hangs  from 
her  small  hat.  Her  dress  and  a  loose  train  held  over  the  r.  arm  hang  from 
the  shoulders.  A  stone  wall  forms  a  dark  background  to  the  light  figures. 
See  No.  8896,  &c. 

'Collection',  No.  208.   Kay,  No.  cccxlii. 
6^X12^6  in. 

8902  JOHN— HOW  DO  YOU  LIKE  MY  BRACES? 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

[Pub.  Fores,  4  May  1796^] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  See  No.  8373.  A  fat  lady,  probably 
Lady  Buckinghamshire,  in  back  view,  looks  over  her  r.  shoulder,  display- 
ing to  her  footman  the  back  of  her  dress,  the  short-waisted  bodice  being 
crossed  diagonally  with  ribbon.  Her  leg  is  much  exposed  by  the  arrange- 
ment of  her  skirt.  The  man,  wearing  a  cocked  hat  as  in  No.  8373,  stands 
full-face  (1.)  grinning  and  pointing  at  his  mistress.  See  No.  8896,  &c. 
i2X9|in.  (Cropped.)  'Caricatures',  x.  113. 

8903  SPENCERS, 

Pub  March  13  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  the  Corner  of 
Sackville  S^  Folios  of  Caracature  lent  out  for  the  Evening — Prints 
&  Drawings  lent  out  on  the  plan  of  a  Circulating  Library 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  ragged  street  musician,  playing  a  pipe 
and  tabor  to  a  troupe  of  five  dancing  dogs,  stands  (1.)  in  profile  to  the  r. 
The  dogs,  one  dressed  as  a  woman,  all  wear  spencers  or  short  coats  of 
slightly  varying  patterns.  He  wears  a  spencer,  or  ragged  coat  with  a  broad 
collar,  cut  short  below  the  hips,  the  tattered  tail  of  another  coat  hanging 
below  it.  The  spectators  who  watch  the  dogs  are  similarly  dressed :  a  fat 
man,  full-face,  clasping  his  sides,  wears  a  half-coat  over  a  tail-coat.  The 

"  From  A.  de  R.  v.  63. 
306 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

woman  next  him  wears  a  short  spencer  over  her  high-waisted  dress,  as  do 
two  others  who  walk  away.  On  the  1.  is  a  young  blood,  similarly  but  more 
extravagantly  dressed,  with  cropped  hair,  deep  swathed  neck-cloth,  half- 
boots  with  deep  tops ;  he  holds  a  bludgeon.  His  curiously  drawn  and  much 
caricatured  companion  (r.)  is  dressed  like  the  other  women,  all  of  whom 
wear  tall  feathers  in  their  turbans  or  bonnets.  Beneath  the  title  are  twelve 
lines  of  verse  beginning : 

Dont  think  my  puppies  stand  alone 

If  you  will  make  the  search  Sir 

Puppies  at  the  Bar  you'll  find 

And  Puppies  in  the  Church  Sir! 

Half  coat  pups  and  booted  pups 

And  pups  without  their  hair  Sir. 
For  the  spencer  see  No.  8192  (1792). 
8i6Xi2fgin. 

8904  TOO  MUCH  AND  TOO  LITTLE  OR  SUMMER  CLOATHING 
FOR  1556  &  1796 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  Febrv  8  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadily  Folios  of 
Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  ladies,  one  in  Elizabethan  dress 
(1.),  the  other  (r.)  scantily  draped,  stand  gazing  at  each  other  in  astonish- 
ment, their  heads  turned  in  profile.  One  stands  stiffly;  her  wide,  heavily 
embroidered  dress,  with  tight,  pointed  bodice,  and  a  high  ruff,  makes  this 
necessary.  The  other  adopts  a  quasi-classical  pose,  one  leg  slightly  bent. 
Her  high-waisted  dress  drapes  her  breasts  and  falls  to  the  ankles,  defining 
her  legs.  She  has  short  simple  sleeves.  A  ribbon  is  twisted  in  her  hair, 
which  is  curled  on  the  crown  of  the  head,  whence  tresses  fall  to  her  neck, 
and  a  feather  stands  erect.  Her  profile  resembles  that  of  No.  8896,  perhaps 
Lady  C.  Campbell. 

On  the  wall  are  two  T.Q.L.  portraits  of  men  in  corresponding  costume: 
a  bearded  man  (1.)  wearing  a  ruff  looks  down  to  the  r.  On  the  r.  a  modern 
dandy  looks  down  and  to  the  1.,  his  chin  swathed  in  voluminous  folds, 
a  wide  collar  turned  back  over  his  cut-away  coat.  A  patterned  carpet  covers 
the  floor. 

The  development  of  these  fashions  can  be  traced  from  1793,  see  No. 
8896,  &c. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Frau  in  der  Karikatur,  1906,  p.  17. 
iSigXiiiin. 

8905  THE  GALLERY  OF  FASHION. 

Pu¥  March  23  iyg6  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadily  the  Corner  of 
Sackville  Street.  NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Five  women  display  the  prevailing 
fashions  as  worn  by  different  types. 

[i]  A  la  Turk.  The  fashionable  turban  (cf.  No.  8755)  is  more  oriental 
and  voluminous,  its  aigrette  is  higher  than  the  feathers,  the  place  of  an 
under-dress  is  taken  by  Turkish  trousers,  the  breasts  are  bare.  The  over- 
dress falls  from  the  shoulders  and  forms  a  train.  The  silhouette  is  fashion- 
able. 

307 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

[2]  A  la  Grec.  A  lady  wears  a  high-waisted  dress  hanging  from  below  the 
defined  breasts ;  drapery  hangs  from  the  shoulders,  the  end  of  which  is  held 
up  in  the  r.  hand.  Her  neck  is  swathed,  and  she  wears  a  feathered  turban. 

[3]  A  la  Cite.  A  dress  resembling  in  intention  that  of  [2]  gives  a  totally 
different  impression  from  the  short  fat  figure  of  the  wearer.  Her  petticoat 
resembles  a  balloon,  and  a  watch  and  seals  hang  from  the  drapery  round 
her  bust.   Cf.  No.  8568. 

[4]  A  La  S^  James.  A  woman  in  back  view,  her  head  in  profile  to  the  1. 
A  long  striped  over-dress  falls  from  her  shoulders  to  the  ground.  She 
wears  a  grotesque  turban  with  two  aigrettes  resembling  the  stiffened  brush 
of  a  fox. 

[5]  A  la  S*  Giles.  A  stout,  buxom  woman,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  her  breasts 
bare,  a  quilted  petticoat  is  worn  with  an  apron  and  a  tucked-up  over-dress. 
She  wears  a  cap  and  her  hair  falls  loosely  on  her  shoulders. 

Lady  C.  Campbell  introduced  clinging  draperies,  see  No.  8388,  &c. 
Cf.  True  Briton,  25  Mar.  1796:  'The  excusable  vanity  of  Lady  Charlotte 
Campbell  in  displaying  a  beautiful  figure  to  the  greatest  advantage,  has 
unfortunately,  incurred  the  offensive  imitation  of  all  the  City  Fussocks. . . .' 
The  title  is  from  Heideloff's  magazine,  cf.  No.  8898.  See  No.  8896,  &c. 
iif  Xi6f  in. 

8906  NATIONAL  CONVENIENCES. 

J'  Qy  d*"  etf 

Pu¥  Jany  25'*  J796.  hy  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving.   Four  designs  on  one  pi. 

[i]  English  Convenience — the  Water  Closet.  A  grossly  obese  alderman 
of  repulsive  appearance  sits  full-face,  clasping  his  sides.  He  wears  his 
gown  and  chain,  one  gouty  leg  is  swathed  in  bandages.  On  the  wall  behind 
his  head  are  two  placards :  Bill  of  Fare,  — Turtle  Soup  Fish  Poultry  H  .  .  . 
and  a  broadside,  Roast  Beef  of  old  England  headed  by  a  sirloin. 

For  the  history  of  this  English  contribution  to  civilization  see  M.  and 
H.  B.  Quennell,  Hist,  of  Everyday  Things  in  England  ly 33-18 51,  1933.  It 
derives  from  an  invention  of  Sir  John  Harington,  see  P.  Lindsay,  One 
Dagger  for  Two,  1932,  p.  178. 
6|X4i|in. 

[2]  Scotch  Convenience — the  Bucket.  A  woman  seated  in  back  view  on 
a  pair  of  tongs  across  a  bucket  in  some  sort  of  permanent  shelter  composed 
of  ramshackle  planks.  On  this  are  two  papers :  The  Sweets  of  Edinhro'  to 
the  Tune  of  Tweedside  (cf.  No.  5941)  and  Croudie  a  Scotch  Reel.  In  the 
foreground  are  pigs  and  poultry. 
6^X4^1  in. 

[3]  French  Convenience — le  Commodites.   A  pretty  young  woman,  full- 
face,  in  a  latrine  with  three  apertures.   She  crouches  with  one  foot  on  the 
ground,  one  on  the  seat.  On  the  wall  are  two  papers :  Caira  nouvelle  chanson 
and  Soupe  Maigre  petit  Chanson. 
6iiX4i»gin. 

[4]  Dutch  Convenience — the  Lake.  A  stout  man  ( ?  or  woman)  in  back 
view  sits  on  a  rail,  smoking  a  pipe.  In  the  foreground  is  shallow  water 
with  ducks.  Behind  and  in  close  proximity  are  town  houses  with  high  crow- 
stepped  gables. 

Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
6^X4^  in.  PL  14X10  in. 

308 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

8907  MY  POLL  &  MY  PARTNER  JOE. 

f  Gy  de^  T.  Adams  [Gillray]  Sc: 

Pu¥  April  18^^  1796-  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  sailor  (r.)  and  a  fat,  ugly,  disreputable 
woman  (1.)  dance  with  tipsy  joviality.  They  face  each  other,  each  holding 
the  other's  1.  hand.  He  holds  up  a  small  covered  jug  (holding  the  publican's 
dram).  Her  feet  appear  through  tattered  shoes  and  stockings ;  one  eye  is 
closed.  He  wears  a  round  hat,  pigtail,  short  jacket,  petticoat,  and  long 
striped  stockings. 

An  illustration  to  Dibdin's  popular  song,  called  The  Waterman :  the  hero 
was  taken  by  a  press-gang  and  returned  to  find  his  wife  Poll  in  Joe's  arms. 
Professional  Life  of  Mr.  Dibdin,  ii.  240,  250-3.  A  (sentimental)  mezzotint 
of  the  subject  published  by  Sayer,  6  Dec.  1790,  is  in  the  Print  Room. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  210.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  420.  Reprinted,  G.JF.G., 
1830. 
8/gX9|in. 

8908  CYMON  &  IPHIGENIA. 

J"  Gy  des""  T.  Adams  [Gillray]  sculp' 

Pu¥  May  2^  1796,  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  burlesque  of  the  discovery  by  Cymon 
of  Iphigenia  asleep.  A  fat  country-woman,  whose  dark  skin  and  coarse 
features  give  her  a  negroid  appearance,  leans  against  a  sandy  bank.  A 
hideous  yokel,  advancing  from  the  r.,  stoops  towards  her,  dropping  his 
stick  and  gaping  with  delighted  surprise. 

Garrick's  Cymon  and  Iphigenia,  1767,  adapted  from  Dry  den's  version 
of  Boccaccio's  tale,  made  the  story  familiar  and  popular.  It  was  the  subject 
of  a  picture  by  Reynolds. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  210-11.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  422.   Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
^lxq\  in.  With  border,  9|x  lof  in. 

8908  A,  a  copy,  reversed,  same  title,  no  imprint.  The  background  is 
altered  by  the  addition  of  a  gate  (1.)  and  foliage  (r.). 

8Jxi2|in. 

8909  EASING  THE  TOOTH-ACH. 
Engrav'd  by  T.  A'   [Gillray.] 

Pub^  May  7'*  1796.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  dentist  (r.)  stands 
pulling  at  an  instrument  in  the  mouth  of  his  patient,  whom  he  holds  by 
the  jaw.  The  victim,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  is  perched  upon  a  high  stool,  and 
clutches  his  r.  shin,  while  his  1.  foot  is  pressed  against  the  dentist's  knees ; 
expression  and  attitude  register  pain  and  anger.  Probably  from  an 
amateur's  design. 
7x6  X  Sii  in-  With  border,  8|-  X  yi  in. 

8910  THE  BOSKY  MAGISTRATE. 
Drawn  by  J.  Nixon  Esq^  Engraved  by  Zeigler 

London  Pub.  by  Will'"'  Holland  N°  50.  Oxford  Str'  Nov^  25.  1796. 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).    The  interior  of  a  well-furnished  room 
with  an  open  door  (r.)  through  which  a  dove-cote  and  trees  are  visible. 

309 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

By  the  fire  (1.)  in  an  arm-chair  is  a  gouty  magistrate,  tipsily  somnolent, 
with  twisted  features.  In  his  1.  hand  is  a  glass  spilling  its  contents,  in  his 
r.  a  smoking  tobacco-pipe;  his  r.  foot  is  supported  on  a  cushioned  stool. 
Beside  him  (r.)  is  a  table  with  books  and  writing-materials  behind  which 
sits  his  clerk,  pen  in  mouth,  spectacles  on  forehead,  scrutinizing  a  group 
of  three :  a  constable  with  a  long  staff  between  a  fashionably  dressed  and 
drunken  reveller  and  a  young  woman,  whose  dress  hangs  from  just  below 
her  bare  breasts.  The  constable,  looking  at  the  clerk,  points  to  the  woman. 
In  the  doorway  a  dog  looks  out  and  a  sow  looks  in. 

On  the  wall  over  the  clerk's  head  is  a  picture  of  an  ass  kicking  over  a 
statue  of  Justice  (a  'Justass',  cf.  No.  8187);  in  the  background  St.  Paul's 
and  the  Monument  with  other  buildings  indicate  London.  On  the  table 
by  the  justice  a  punch-bowl  stands  on  Burn's  Justice.  The  chimney-piece 
is  supported  by  two  carved  satyrs.  Above  it  is  a  framed  ( ?)  almanack.  A 
cat  sleeps  by  the  fire.  A  patterned  carpet  completes  the  design.  Beneath 
the  title:  Gustos.  Nemo.  Comes.  Testis.  Sus.  Bosque.  Canisque.  rules  for  the 
Gender  of  Nouns. 

Gustos,  the  Gonstable.  Nemo.  [cf.  No.  5570]  alluding  to  the  Lady  having 
no  Waist  [cf.  No.  8569].  Gomes,  her  Gompanion.  Sus.  a  Sow  Worried  by 
a  Dog.  Testis,  described  by  the  Gonstable  as  Witness  against  the  two  Delin- 
quents. Bosque,  the  Magistrate  half  Drunk  or  Bosky.  Ganisque,  the  Dog, 
referring  to  the  Guardian  of  the  Night  in  the  Act  of  making  a  Seizure. 
I2f  X18  in. 

8911  JOHN  DOE  AND  RICHARD  ROE  BROTHERS  IN  LAW!! 
[Woodward  del.  • 

Pub.  Fores,  9  Feb  1796'] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    Two  little  men,   arm-in-arm,  with 

enormous  heads,  grinning  broadly  and  delightedly.   Cf.  No.  8912. 

1 1 1^5  X  9^  in.  *  Caricatures' ,  viii.  i . 

8912  JOHN  DOE  &  RICHD  ROE.    BROTHERS  IN  LAW. 
Drawn  &  Etched  by  R.  Dighton 

Pub  Nov''  6.  iyg6.  by  Dighton,  Char^  Cross. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  men,  wearing  patched  and  ragged 
clothes,  stand  together.  One  (1.)  stands  full-face,  arms  folded,  shoulders 
hunched,  staring  to  the  r.  with  fierce  despair.  From  his  pocket  issues  a 
bulky  document:  By  Law  I'm  Ruin'd  quite.  The  other  (r.)  stands  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  his  1.  hand  in  his  coat-pocket  from  which  hang  papers  inscribed: 
Spent  all  my  Money  &  Lost  my  Cause ;  Mortgage ;  Officer's  Fees.  He  looks 
down  with  an  expression  of  angry  melancholy.  Cf.  Nos.  891 1,  9621,  9639. 
See  Partridge,  Words,  Words,  Words!,  1933,  p.  66  f. 
7ix6in. 

8913  BEGONE  OLD  CARE,  I  PRY'THEE  BEGONE  FROM  ME. 

Woodward  del* 

London  Aug*  iyg6  Published  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly,  Folios 

of  Carriccatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  parson  (1.),  burlesqued,  sits  in  an 
arm-chair  in  profile  to  the  r.,  1.  hand  extended,  addressing  a  naked  and 

»  From  A.  de  R.  v.  78. 
310 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

thin  old  man  who  sits  grimly  on  a  stool,  hands  on  knees.  They  face  each 
other  in  profile.  The  parson  is  drink-blotched,  a  full  glass  is  in  his  r.  hand, 
on  the  table  is  a  bottle  of  Port,  he  raises  both  feet  from  the  ground.  Care 
has  a  long  beard,  unkempt  hair,  and  glares  fiercely  at  the  piarson. 

This  subject  was  imitated  in  a  plate  by  Gillray,  signed  P.F.L.B:  /ec*, 
16  June  1801. 
ii|x8|in. 

8914  [A  COLLECTION  OF  GHOSTS' 

Woodward  del.  /  C  [Cruikshank] 

Pub.  Fores  25  Feb.  1796] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    A  design  in  eight  compartments  of 

varying  widths,  arranged  in  two  rows.   In  each  a  ghost  appears  to  a  man 

or  woman,  most  are  fantastic  monsters,  but  there  is  a  ghost  of  Old  Dickins 

the  Malsier,  over  life-size,  and  a  headless  woman  in  white.    A  gigantic 

ghost  leans  on  a  tombstone  inscribed  /  C  (the  signature).  Words  are  etched 

above  the  speakers'  heads. 

c.  12  X  i8  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  66. 

8915  [A  COLLECTION  OF  HOBGOBLINS^] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    Ten  little  men  with  enormous  and 
grotesque  heads  and  burlesqued  facial  expressions.    They  are  arranged 
in  two  rows. 
c.  12x18  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  67. 

8916  A  sheet  of  French  copies  of  English  caricatures  on  one  plate. 
The  first  is  No.  8837  B.  The  second,  evidently  after  Newton,  is 

DECOUVERTE  MALHEUREUSE. 

Engraving.    A  shrewish  woman  (1.)  seizes  the  queue  of  a  kneeling  and 
terrified  man,  brandishing  a  poker.    A  buxom  servant-girl,  her  breasts 
uncovered,  stands  (r.)  in  profile  to  the  1.  with  downcast  eyes.  4^X3x1  in. 
Two  companion  prints  are  after  Rowlandson: 

UN  PEUT  [sic\  PLUS  SERRfi. 

Engraving.  A  lean  stay-maker  (r.)  tugs  with  both  hands  at  the  stay-lace  of 
a  fat  woman  who  stands  in  back  view,  arms  extended,  frowning  over  her 
shoulder  at  the  man,  who  flings  himself  backwards  in  his  effort,  pressing 
one  knee  against  her  person.   See  below.  4y|  X  4!  in. 

See  Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  293  (reproduction).  Original,  A  Little  Tighter, 
pub.  Fores,  18  May  1791. 

UN  PEUT  PLUS  LARGE. 

Engraving.  See  above.  An  enormously  fat  man  with  a  face  disfigured  by 
drink  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  while  a  tailor  stoops  beside  him,  trying 
to  encircle  his  waist  with  his  tape.  4iix  4I  in. 

See  Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  293.    Original,  A  Little  Bigger,  pub.  Fores, 
18  May  1791.  There  is  a  lithographic  copy,  reversed  [1818],  by  G.  Cruik- 
shank, Reid,  No.  2782.  ('Caricatures',  x.  126.) 
Whole  design,  9IX9I  in. 

'  Title,  signatures,  and  imprint  from  A.  de  R.  v.  142-3. 

*  Title,  &c.,  from  A.  de  R.  v.  144-5.   Signatures  and  imprint  as  No.  8914. 

3" 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8917  WHAT  D'YE  STARE  AT? 

[Dighton  del.] 

3g8  Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yard.  London  [?  c.  1796'] 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).    Design  in  an  oval.    A  stout  elderly 
man  (H.L.)  scowls  fixedly  over  the  r.  shoulder.    A  version  of  this  design 
is  copied  in  No.  8563.    For  the  series  see  Nos.  8417,  &c.,  8918-21, 
9101,  &c. 
5JX4J  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  123. 

8918  WELL!  I  CAN'T  HELP  IT. 

[Dighton  del.] 

400  Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yard,  London.   [}  c.  1796] 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  An  ugly  man  (H.L.), 

in  profile  to  the  1.,  holds  up  his  r.  hand  with  the  first  and  fourth  fingers 

extended,  a  symbol  of  horns  (cf.  No.  881 1).   He  looks  down  in  gloomy 

resignation. 

5|X4|in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  124. 

8919  500  £  A  YEAR  WILL  DO,  FOR  ME  AND  FOR  YOU. 

[Dighton  del.] 

401  Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yard,  London.   [}  c.  1796] 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).    Design  in  an  oval.    An  elderly  man 
(H.L.),  full-face,  with  folded  arms,  grins  broadly.  He  wears  spectacles  and 
is  bald  except  for  side-curls  and  a  small  pigtail  queue. 
5fX4|in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  124. 

8920  THE  HARMONY  OF  COURTSHIP. 

[Dighton  del.] 

406  Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yard,  London.   [}  c.  1796] 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).    Design  in  an  oval.    A  young  couple 
(H.L.),  fashionably  dressed,  hand  in  hand,  their  heads  together.   A  com- 
panion print  to  No.  8921. 
5fX4|in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  124. 

8921  THE  DISCORD  OF  MATRIMONY. 

[Dighton  del.] 

40  y  Printed  for  &  Sold  by  Bowles  &  Carver  . .  .  [ut  supra]  [}  c.  1796] 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval,  H.L.  figures.  A  lady 
(1.)  gazes  with  angry  distress  to  the  r. ;  her  husband  (r.)  behind  her  shoulder 
frowns  at  her  with  irritated  dislike.  A  companion  print  to  No.  8920. 
5iX4i  i"-  'Caricatures',  ii.  124. 

*  The  design  cannot  be  later  than  1794.   See  No.  8563. 

312 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

8922-8924 

Series  of  'Drolls* 

8922  LOO.    168 

[I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  20^^  Febv  1796.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  Five  persons  sit  at  a  round  card-table  on  which  are  cards  and 
counters.  A  pretty  young  woman  (r.),  looking  with  a  smile  over  her  1. 
shoulder,  displays  A  Flush  of  diamonds.  Her  vis-a-vis  (1.)  holds  out  a 
knave  of  Clubs :  Pam  saves  me.  The  other  three,  two  men  and  a  woman, 
are  ugly  and  elderly,  and  are  much  distressed  at  the  flush. 

W.  H.  Willshire,  Catalogue  of  Playing  Cards  in  the  British  Museum,  1876, 
p.  297. 
6fX9^in. 

8923  SWEARING  AT  HIGHGATE.     171 

[.?  I.  Cruikshank.] 

Published  12^^  Sep'  iyg6.  by  Laurie  &   Whittle,  5J  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  A  scene  outside  the  door  of  the  Horns  Tavern  at  Highgate. 
The  landlord  stands  opposite  his  customer,  with  open  book,  dictating  the 
words  of  the  oath,  which  are  repeated  by  the  other,  an  elderly  man  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  to  whose  coat-tail  a  pretty  young  woman  pins  a  clout. 
Beside  them  stands  a  boy  holding  up  a  pole  on  which  are  a  ram's  head  and 
stag's  antlers.  A  stout  woman  with  a  huge  foaming  tankard,  and  a  young 
man  smoking  a  long  pipe  come  out  of  the  door.  Three  other  men  watch 
with  amusement.  In  the  distance  (r.)  is  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.  Beneath  the 
title :  Pray  Sir  lay  your  Right  Hand  on  this  Book,  and  attend  to  the  Oath — 
You  swear  by  the  Rules  of  Sound  Judgment,  that  you  will  not  eat  Brown  Bread 
when  you  can  have  White  except  you  like  the  Brown  better,  that  you  will  not 
Drink  small  Beer,  when  you  can  get  strong  except  .  .  .  [ut  supra] — But  you 
will  kiss  the  Maid  in  preference  to  the  Mistress,  if  you  like  the  Maid  better — ■ 
So  help  you,  Billy  Bodkin.   Turn  round  &  fulfill  your  Oath. 

Some  such  burlesque  oath  was  imposed  on  travellers  who  passed  the 
Horns  Tavern  at  Highgate  on  their  way  to  London.  See  Hone,  Every-day 
Book,  ii.  40-2,  189,  and  No.  8943. 
61X91^6  in. 

8924  OLD  SILKY. 

C  A  [7nonogram]  iyg6  [Ansell]    J75 

Published  12^^  Dec'  iyg6  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London 

Engraving.  Printed  in  reverse  (the  inscriptions  from  r.  to  1.).  A  young 
woman  (1.)  wearing  a  hat,  a  tattered  dress  and  shoes,  stands  looking  down 
in  profile  to  the  r.,  holding  an  infant;  one  breast  is  uncovered.  A  middle- 
aged  man,  holding  gloves  and  a  cane,  leans  towards  her,  as  if  inspecting 
the  infant,  whose  back  is  towards  him.  He  puts  his  1.  hand  in  his  coat- 
pocket.    Behind  is  the  fa9ade  of  an  irregular  two-storied  building,  Saint 

313 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL   SATIRES 

George's  Spa  in  large  letters  extends  along  the  parapet.  Behind  (r.)  are  the 
tops  of  trees.   In  front  (1.)  is  a  pump.   Beneath  the  title: 

Cheer  up  Dear  Bud!  thy  Tears  Dispel, 
YotUr  Handsome,  and  may  yet  do  Well. 

A  view  of  the  notorious  Dog  and  Duck  tea-garden  in  St.  George's  Fields 
which  had  lost  its  licence  in  1787.  Wroth,  London  Pleasure  Gardens,  1896, 
pp.  271-7.    Silky  is  the  unscrupulous  usurer  in  Holcroft's  Road  to  Ruin, 
of.  No.  8073. 
9iix6f  in. 

8925  [SYMPTOMS  OF  CRIM  CON!!  Vol  i  PL  14. 

Woodward  Delin.  [I  Cruikshank  £.] 

Published  J  any  r^  iyg6  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 
ville  Street — Folio's  of  Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening.]^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Six  groups  of  three  persons  (wife,  hus- 
band, and  lover)  arranged  in  two  rows,  their  words  (not  transcribed)  etched 
above  their  heads,  [i]  A  pretty  young  woman  walking  with  an  ugly  and 
elderly  husband  makes  an  assignation  with  a  military  officer.  [2]  A  shoe- 
maker with  a  strap  interrupts  a  French  barber  making  love  to  his  wife. 
[3]  A  young  woman  points  to  her  fat  old  husband  asleep  in  a  chair,  saying 
to  a  barrister.  Take  care  or  you'll  wake  him.  He  says:  Remember  my  dear 
Madam  how  well  I  pleaded  your  last  cause.  [4]  A  fashionably  dressed 
doctor  holds  the  pulse  of  a  young  woman  who  sits  beside  him  on  a  sofa. 
The  husband  watches  with  suspicion.  [5]  A  handsome  young  clergyman 
sits  on  a  sofa  with  a  young  woman,  their  arms  round  each  other's  shoulders, 
eyes  closed,  while  a  fat  elderly  parson  gapes  at  them  with  horror,  saying, 
Here 's  a  pretty  scandal  to  the  Cloth!.'  [6]  Two  fat  country  people  embrace 
under  the  eyes  of  the  husband  who  says:  Come  come  this  is  carrying  the 
joke  a  little  too  far. 

Cf.  Nos.  8928,  9305.  One  of  a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c.  Companion  prints 
(not  in  B.M.)  are  Symptoms  of  Love  and  Symptoms  of  Matrimony,  Vol.  I, 
PI.  13,  both  published  i  Jan.  1796.   (A.  de  R.  v.  loo-i,  138-9.) 
1 1  |x  18  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  39. 

8926  [OURSELVES!!  Vol.  i.  PI.  i5- 
Woodward  Delin.  I  C  [Cruikshank] 
Pu¥  J  any  r*  iyg6  by  S.  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sackville 

Street  Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Twelve  single  figures  arranged  in  two 
rows,  their  complacent  soliloquies  etched  above  their  heads,  e.g.  [3]  An 
ugly  woman  dressed  in  a  travesty  of  the  fashion,  with  one  large  feather 
in  her  hair,  large  ear-rings,  and  an  enormous  oval  miniature  slung  from 
her  neck,  holds  up  a  small  parasol,  projecting  at  an  angle  from  its  clumsy 
stick.  She  says :  True  happiness  undoubtedly  consists  in  an  elegant  taste  for  the 
Bon  Ton.  [4]  A  stout  ugly  woman  says:  Though  I  am  none  of  your  flan  dan 
Ladies  I  believe  I  can  bu^  one  half  of  them.  One  of  a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
I2X  18  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  52. 

'  Title  and  imprint  from  A.  de  R.  v.  106-7.  ^  It>id.  v.  124-5. 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL   SATIRES   1796 

8927  [TRIUMPHS  OF  TEMPER!!  Vol  2.  PL  3 
Woodward  Deli''^  IC  [Cruikshank.] 
Pu¥  March  J«'  iyg6  by  S.  W.  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 

ville  Street — Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  EveningY 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  series  of  eight  violent  quarrels 
arranged  in  two  rows,  the  words  (not  transcribed  in  full)  etched  above  the 
heads  of  the  speakers,  [i]  An  old  parson  threatens  his  footman :  If  you  ever 
dare  to  say  I  am  in  a  passion  again  I'll  break  every  bone  in  your  skin.  [2]  A 
man  and  wife  on  the  point  of  blows.  [3]  A  man  thrashing  a  dog.  [4]  A 
woman  at  a  tea-table  flinging  the  contents  of  a  cup  in  the  face  of  a  maid- 
servant. [5]  A  woman  beating  a  prostrate  man  with  a  pair  of  tongs.  [6]  A 
man  dragging  on  a  boot  so  as  to  thrust  his  heel  through  it,  the  shoe-maker 
saying:  You  are  so  hasty  master  you  wont  give  the  Goods  fair  play.  [7]  Two 
men  facing  each  other  in  argument.  [8]  A  negro  servant  expostulates  with 
his  master  for  knocking  down  a  boy  who  lies  on  the  ground :  Dear  Massa 
you  have  almost  killed  youtig  Master.  One  of  a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
ii|X  17I  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  51. 

8928  [CRIM  CON  TEMPTATIONS  WITH  THE  PRICES  AFFIXED. 
Woodward  Delin. 

Pu¥  April  4^  lygS  by  S.  W.  Fores  No  30  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 

ville  St — Folios  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening]^ 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Twelve  women  arranged  in  two  rows, 
their  words  etched  above  their  heads,  [i]  A  girl  with  a  broom  extends 
her  arms  encouragingly:  /  am  but  a  servant  of  all  work  and  you  may  rest 
secure  on  no  more  than  one  Shilling  damages.  [9]  A  young  girl  says:  My 
husband  is  a  very  old  Man  which  will  have  a  great  weight  with  a  jury.  [10] 
A  buxom  woman  with  her  hands  in  a  muff:  /  dont  see  why  my  husband 
may  not  make  his  fortune  as  well  as  other  people.  [11]  A  grinning  negress: 
The  price  rests  with  the  Jury.  Cf.  No.  8925,  9305.  One  of  a  set,  see  No. 
8541,  &c. 
12  jx  i8|  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  50. 

8929-8976 

Plates  to  Eccentric  Excursions,  or,  literary  &  pictorial  sketches  of  Coun- 
tenance Character  &  Country,  in  .  .  .  England  &  South  Wales,  by  G.  M. 
Woodward.  The  title-page  is  dated  1796,  the  plates  have  dates  ranging 
from  I  Aug.  1796  to  15  Apr.  1797.  Many  plates  have  no  titles;  these  are 
taken  from  the  'Directions  to  the  Binders  for  placing  the  Plates'.  The 
Print  Room  copy  is  bound  in  two  volumes,  title-page,  frontispiece,  and 
text  in  i,  plates  i-ioo  in  ii,  disregarding  the  'Directions  to  the  Binders  . . .'. 
A  reissue  of  1807  with  dates  erased  or  altered  is  B.M.L.  10348.  h.  i. 

The  book  was  advertised  by  Allen,  'price  5I.  coloured,  or  3I.  3s.  plain', 
on  a  broadside  published  18  July  1803.   (B.M.L.  1890.  e.  18,  fo.  27.) 

8929  FRONTISPIECE.  |  CONTRASTED  SKETCHES  OF  MIRTH 

&  ENNUI 

Woodward  del.  Cruikshank.  Sc 

London,  Published  by  Allen  &  West,  1 5  Paternoster  Row,  Aug.  1. 1796. 

Engraving  (design  in  a  circle).    Two  men  (H.L.),  one  full-face,  fat  and 

'  Title  and  imprint  from  A.  de  R.  v.  120-1.  ^  Ibid.  v.  130-1. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

jolly,  wearing  a  night-cap,  and  holding  his  sides  with  laughter ;  the  other 
(r.),  behind,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  lean  and  sour,  looking  down  at  his  folded 
hands. 
Diam.  6J  in. 

8930  PHYSIOGNOMICAL  STUDIES.* 

Plate  I  Page  7 

Designed  by  Woodward  Etched  by  Cruikshanks 

Engraving.  A  sheet  crowded  with  heads  arranged  in  six  rows  of  twelve. 
Most  are  busts  only,  some  are  H.L.  Almost  all  are  in  profile.  Twenty- 
five  are  women.  They  are  of  all  classes,  but  fashionable  dresses  pre- 
dominate. They  have  been  sketched  at  a  City  coffee-house,  some  in  the 
room,  others  as  they  passed  the  window  (p.  7). 

London  und  Paris,  v,  1800,  p.  238. 
8^Xi3f  in. 

8931  SIX  DIFFERENT  METHODS  OF  CARRYING  A  STICK 
WITH  THEIR  EFFECTS.' 

Plate  II  Page  8. 

Woodward  del:  Cruikshank  sc 

Engraving.  Six  pairs  of  figures  (as  seen  in  London)  arranged  in  three  rows, 
each  with  a  sub-title  {The  Swing  in  Stile,  &c.).  The  stick,  swung  or 
extended  with  negligence,  real  or  intentional:  (i)  hits  a  pedestrian,  (2) 
upsets  the  tray  of  a  butcher's  boy,  (3)  is  brought  down  heavily  on  a  com- 
panion's foot,  (4)  catches  in  the  bonnet  of  an  elderly  woman,  (5)  prods  a 
pretty  young  woman,  (6)  overturns  the  barrow  of  an  apple-woman  who 
flies  into  the  air. 
iiJXQ  in. 

8932  CHARACTERS  SKETCHED  IN  THE  VICINITY  OF  LON- 
DON' 

Plate  III  Page  10 

Woodward  del:  Cruikshank  Sculp 

Engraving.  A  sequence  of  scenes,  characteristic  of  a  London  Sunday, 
arranged  in  three  rows.  Compartment  i.  A  family  group  walk  (1.  to  r.), 
probably  deriving  from  Hogarth's  Evening  (No.  2382),  a  thin  tradesman 
carrying  a  child,  walking  next  his  fat  wife  who  holds  a  fan,  preceded 
by  a  little  girl  sucking  an  orange,  and  a  dog  followed  by  a  little  boy 
astride  a  walking-stick.  They  are  in  the  'Long  Fields'  (behind  the  British 
Museum).  Comp  (2)  An  apprentice  walking  arm-in-arm  with  a  young 
woman.  Comp  3  Two  elderly  citizens  pausing  in  their  walk  for  discussion 
('settling  the  affairs  of  the  nation  in  a  walk  to  the  Bowling-Green^).  Comp  (4) 
A  game  at  bowls,  one  man  about  to  play,  five  others  watch  intently,  three 
smoking  pipes.  Comp^  (5)  Haymakers,  one  couple  dancing,  others  sleeping 
under  hay-stacks,  or  watching  the  dance  (described  as  'Sunday  idlers'). 
Comp.  (6)  A  'curd  and  whey  woman'.  A  woman  sits  beside  a  table  with 
two  pails ;  a  little  boy  (r.)  drinks  from  a  mug. 
1 2^X12  J  in. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8929. 
316 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

8933  [VIEW  OF  A  SKITTLE  GROUND  AT  HAMPSTEAD.]' 
Plate  IV  Page  14 

Engraving.  Two  oval  designs  on  one  pi. 

Compartment  J*'  Four  men  grouped  round  a  table  on  which  are  punch- 
bowl and  glasses.  One  reads  the  Sun  newspaper,  the  others  smoke  and 
listen  intently.  They  have  a  lantern  and  a  dog. 

Comff  2 
Woodward  del:  Cruikshanks  Sculp. 

Four  men,  closely  grouped,  playing  ninepins  (Dutch-pins)  at  close  range. 
Ovals,  sfxsl  in.,  afxs^  in. 

8934  [VIEW  OF  TEA  GARDENS  AT  BAYSWATER.]' 

Plate  V  Page  19 

Engraving.  Two  oval  designs  on  one  pi. 

Compartment  i^K  Two  waiters  hurry  past  each  other,  exchanging  some 
joke,  one  spills  the  contents  of  his  kettle  over  the  leg  of  a  fat  citizen  who 
stamps  with  pain  and  rage,  raising  his  cane.  Behind,  the  lawn  is  surrounded 
by  boxes  or  alcoves  in  which  tea-drinking  is  in  progress. 

Comp  2^ 
Woodward  Del.  IC  Sculp 

The  interior  of  a  tea-drinking  alcove;  a  family  party  of  'cits':  two  men, 
two  women,  and  two  children.  See  Wroth,  London  Pleasure  Gardens,  1896, 
pp.  1 17-19. 
Ovals,  3 1 X  5i  in. ;  3f  X  5]|  in. 

8935  [VIEW  AT  THE  OLD  HATS.] 

Plate  6  '  Page  ig 

Woodward  del.  Cruikshanks  sculp. 

London  Pu¥  Aug  13,  1796,  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  Row. 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  Scene  outside  an  inn,  a  corner  of  the 
ground-  and  first-floor  appearing  on  the  r.  Two  postilions  lean  against 
the  sign-post  (1.),  a  corner  only  of  the  sign.  Old  Hats,  being  visible.  A  fat 
landlord  brings  out  a  bowl  of  punch  to  two  young  'cits'  in  riding-dress. 
Two  men  smoke  and  drink  at  a  table;  other  customers  are  standing. 
In  the  background  stand  a  coach  and  a  post-chaise.  A  half-way  house  on 
the  road  to  Acton,  a  'general  sauntering-place  for  men  and  cattle'. 
4|x6|in. 

8936  [A  COUNTRYMAN  IN  LONDON. 

A  LONDONER  IN  THE  COUNTRY]* 
Plate  7.  Page  20 

Woodward  del.  Cruikshank  s(* 

Engraving.  A  design  in  two  compartments.  Above,  a  gaping  country- 
man walks  with  his  dog.  A  fashionably  dressed  man  walking  towards  him 
inspects  him  through  a  quizzing-glass ;  a  couple  walking  behind  him  arm- 
in-arm  look  at  him  with  contemptuous  amusement. 

Below,  a  fashionably  dressed  man,  holding  a  bludgeon,  addresses  a 

^  Imprint  as  No.  8929.  *  Imprint  as  No.  8935. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

rustic  couple  seated  on  a  bench  beside  a  cottage;  they  gape  at  him  in 
alarm.  Two  children  stoop  down  to  inspect  his  feet.  A  boy  carrying  his 
bundle  on  a  stick  passes  on,  amused.   Cf.  No.  7805. 
8iix6|in. 

8937  UN  TABLE  D'HOTE.' 

Plate.  8  Page.  21 

Woodward  del.  Cruikshank  sc. 

Engraving.  English  and  French  travellers  seated  at  an  oblong  dinner- 
table,  the  French  waiters  are  foppish  but  wear  night-caps  or  bonnets- 
rouges.  Two  fat  Englishmen  behave  atrociously,  one  seizes  a  dish  from 
a  waiter,  clenching  his  fist,  the  other,  the  table-cloth  tucked  under  his  chin, 
ejects  soup. 
5|x8f  in. 

8938  SIX  OF  THE  MOST  APPROVED  METHODS  OF  APPEARING 
RIDICULOUS  ON  THE  ICE!!' 

Plate  9  Page  22 

Woodward  del.  Cruikshank  sculp. 

Engraving.  Six  single  figures,  arranged  in  two  rows,  of  men  skating.  The 
last  has  fallen  on  his  back;  the  others  strike  attitudes  intended  to  display 
agility  or  conceal  incompetence.   A  coloured  impression  in  the  Cannan 
Coll.,  No.  327. 
9x78  in. 

8939  [NEW  RIVER  HEAD,  ISLINGTON.]' 

Plate.  10  Page  25 

Woodward  del.  Cruickshank  Sculp. 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  'Cits'  fish  in  a  small  piece  of  water  bordered 
by  a  fence  with  a  high  railing  on  the  1.,  beyond  which  is  a  road  flanked 
by  a  high  wall.  Across  the  water  (r.)  is  a  house  with  a  high-pitched  roof. 
Five  men,  three  of  whom  are  smoking,  fish  in  the  foreground  in  close 
proximity,  two  others  on  the  farther  side;  an  eighth  (1.)  approaches  carry- 
ing his  rod.  This  appears  to  be  the  extreme  north  corner  of  the  reservoir, 
where  it  is  narrowest.  See  plan  of  Clerkenwell  parish,  1825,  Crace  Collec- 
tion, xxxii,  No.  I.  A  place  where  anglers  were  patient,  though  fish  were 
almost  non-existent. 
5X7i6in. 

8940  [ISLINGTON  CHARACTERS] 

Plate  II  Page  25 

Woodward  del:  Cruikshank  sc: 

London.   Published  by  Allen  &  Westy  15^  Paternoster  Row,  Aug.  2y, 
1796. 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  A  stage-coach  (1.)  drives  past  the  steps 
leading  to  the  door  of  a  'cit's'  country  box,  in  front  of  which  two  men  are 
seated  smoking  and  drinking,  and  smiling  at  the  coach  from  which  rise 
clouds  of  dust.  An  outside  passenger  and  a  man  in  the  basket  smile  at 
the  'cits'. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8935. 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

One  of  three  prints  on  the  'cit's'  country  box  at  Islington  illustrating  a 
lengthy  extract  from  The  Connoisseur  (No.  33,  by  Lord  Cork,  12  Sept. 
1754),  see  Nos.  8941,  8942. 

4i|X7in. 

0 

8941  SHEWING  THE  FAMILY  PICTURES.^ 

Plate  12.  Page.  26. 

Woodward  del:  Cruickshank  sc: 

Engraving.  A  stout  and  jovial  citizen,  holding  a  pipe,  points  out  his  own 
H.L.  portrait  over  the  chimney-piece  to  a  fashionably  dressed  man.  His 
stout  wife  looks  up  complacently  at  the  picture.  There  are  two  other  por- 
traits: a  sheriff  (H.L.)  and,  partly  visible  (r,),  a  simpering  woman  with  a 
crook  putting  her  hand  on  the  head  of  a  horned  sheep.  Over  the  door 
a  stag's  antlers  serve  as  support  to  a  cane  and  cloak.  See  No.  8940,  &c. 
6|x8|  in. 

8942  SHEWING  THE  GARDEN.' 

Plate  13  Page  27 

Woodward  del  Cruickshank  scu: 

Engraving.  The  stout  *cit'  of  No.  8941,  smoking,  stands  outside  a  door  of 
his  house,  pointing  out  to  his  fashionable  visitor  the  latrine:  a  pseudo- 
gothic  building  with  three  pinnacles  and  a  battlement  at  the  end  of  a 
garden  path  which  is  defined  by  pebbles  and  flanked  by  flower-pots.  See 
No.  8940,  &c. 
6^x8^  in. 

8943  SWEARING  AT  HIGHGATE.' 

Plate  14.  Page  27 

Woodward  del,  Cruickshank  sculp 

Engraving.  Scene  outside  a  Highgate  tavern.  Horns.  An  oafish  country- 
man gapes  at  the  landlord  who  holds  out  a  book,  while  a  pair  of  stag's 
antlers  is  held  over  his  hand.  Three  persons  look  on,  their  coach  stands 
behind.  The  fat  hostess  (1.)  brings  out  a  bowl  of  punch.   See  No.  8923. 

4lX7in. 

8944  [A  COUNTRY  FARMER,  &  WAITER  AT  VAUXHALL.] 
Plate  15  Page  35 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sc. 

London  Pu¥  by  Allen  &  West,  25,  Paternoster  Row,  Sep  10.  iyg6. 

Design  in  a  circle.  A  stout  countryman  (r.)  leaves  his  seat  in  one  of  the 
supper-boxes  at  Vauxhall,  food  speared  on  his  fork,  and  shakes  his  fist  at 
a  terrified  waiter.  Three  'boxes'  (alcoves  with  tables)  form  a  background, 

at  one  (1.)  a  couple  is  supping.  Beneath  the  design  is  etched:  D n  thee 

don't  play  thy  tricks  with  me,  but  bring  me  the  gammon!  For  the  traditional 
thinness  of  the  ham  at  Vauxhall  see  The  Connoisseur,  No.  68,  10  May  1755. 
Diam.  6|  in. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8940. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8945  LAW  SKETCHES  FROM  NATURE' 

Plate  1 6  Page  37 

Woodward,  del.  Cruikshanks  sc. 

Engraving.   Nine  heads  arranged  in  three  rows  of  three,  to  illustrate  the 
artist's  impressions  at  Croydon  assizes.   One  wears  a  wig  with  the  black 
patch  of  a  serjeant,  two  are  judges.  All  wear  legal  wigs  and  gowns. 
7fxioJ  in.  (pi.). 

8946  [GOING  TO  MEET  THE  JUDGE  AT  THE  ASSIZES.]' 
Plate  17  Page  38 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  scP 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  A  crowded  scene:  persons  riding  and 
driving  from  1.  to  r.  with  pedestrians,  &c.  Two  mounted  men  carry  the 
wand  of  the  sheriff  (owing  to  a  dispute  as  to  which  was  entitled  to  do  so). 
A  rider  loses  stirrups,  hat,  and  wig  and  has  overturned  a  man  and  a  woman 
selling  fruit.  A  woman  selling  The  Calender  bawls  her  wares.  In  the  middle 
distance  are  two  coaches  with  footmen  standing  behind. 
6|  X  9  in. 

8947  [THE  DEAF  JUDGE,  OR  MUTUAL  MISUNDERSTAND- 
ING.]' 

Plate  18  Page  38 

Woodward  del  I  C:  sculp. 

Engraving.  Design  in  a  circle.  A  scene  at  the  Old  Bailey.  The  aged  judge 
is  on  the  extreme  1.,  leaning  forward  to  listen  to  a  barrister  who  points 
at  the  witness  (r.)  who  is  shouting.  Four  counsel  sit  at  a  table  in  the  fore- 
ground. The  usher  leans  back  asleep.  In  the  background  are  the  jury 
with  the  statue  of  Justice  in  an  alcove,  and  a  gallery  with  spectators  (1.). 
Diam.  yf  in. 

8948  [A  LAW  SUIT  GAINED.  |  A  LAW  SUIT  LOST]' 

Plate  19  Page  40 

Engraving.  A  design  in  two  compartments.  Above,  a  fat  jovial  man  walks 
(1.  to  r.)  between  two  fashionably  dressed  women.  Two  obsequious  friends 
(r.)  bow  before  him,  and  two  smiling  counsel  walk  behind  (1.). 

Below,  an  old-fashioned  couple,  both  thin,  walk  disconsolately,  followed 
(1.)  by  two  sour-looking  counsel  carrying  papers.  A  man  (r.)  walks  past 
them,  head  in  air. 
io|X7|in. 

8949  [THE  GRAVESEND  BOAT.] 

Plate  20  Page  44. 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sc. 

London   Pu¥  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  Row  September  24 
1796. 

Engraving.  A  small  vessel,  deep  in  the  water  and  sailing  r.  to  1.,  is  filled 
with  passengers,  some  of  whom  are  sea-sick. 

The  boat  leaves  Billingsgate  every  ebb-tide,  fare  is.  6d.,  returning  with 
every  flood,  and  the  passengers  are  styled,  in  the  text,  the  Swinish  Multitude, 
see  No.  8500,  &c. 
6JX9f  in. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8944. 

320 


ft 

PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

8950  THE  ROYAL  GEORGE.' 

Plate  21  Page  50 

Woodzvard  del  Cruikshank.  sc. 

Engraving.  A  long  stage-coach,  driven  r,  to  1.,  the  hind-quarters  only  of 
one  horse  being  visible.  The  title  is  etched  along  the  body  of  the  coach, 
which  has  ten  small  wheels,  and  four  windows  (on  the  near  side)  through 
which  passengers  are  seen  sitting  face  to  face  in  couples.  The  roof  is 
covered  with  passengers,  one  a  sailor  who  stands,  flourishing  a  bludgeon, 
and  restrained  by  a  young  woman. 

Described  as  'the  long  coach  to  Greenwich'  on  Easter  Monday.  For  this 
anticipation  of  the  omnibus,  known  as  'the  Royal  Sailor',  see  No.  8280. 
7|X9f  in. 

8951  [CHARACTERS  FROM  HOLCROFT'S  ROAD  TO  RUIN]' 
Plate  22.  Page  54. 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sculp 

Engraving.^  A  fashionably  dressed  man  and  woman  (*a  Goldfinch  and  his 
mistress')  seated  side  by  side  in  a  gig,  the  body  only  of  which  appears  in 
the  design.  She  looks  alluringly  at  him,  he  looks  with  complacent  cox- 
combry away  from  her  and  to  the  r.,  holding  the  reins  negligently.  Such 
a  pair  is  sure  to  be  seen  on  the  crowded  road  to  London  (p.  22).  For 
Goldfinch  see  Nos.  8073,  8083. 

Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  ccviii. 
ioiX7ii(pI.). 

8952  [SUPPER  ROOM  AT  NEWBURY] 

Plate  23  Page  57 

Woodward,  del  Cruikshank  sc 

London   Pu¥  by  Allen  &  West  N°  ii  Paternoster  Row  October  8, 
1796. 

Engraving,  Coach-passengers  interrupted  at  a  meal  round  a  table  lit  by  two 
candles.  The  guard  (1.)  (come  to  announce  the  departure  of  the  coach), 
carrying  his  blunderbuss,  and  with  two  pistols  in  his  belt,  addresses  an 
elderly  woman  wearing  a  calash  hood  who  screams,  dropping  knife  and 
fork.  Others  eat  or  drink  hastily.  On  the  r.  an  elderly  woman  ties  a 
handkerchief  over  her  husband's  hat  and  under  his  chin.  The  back  of  the 
coach  is  seen  through  the  open  door.  The  scene  is  the  Cross  Keys  at 
Newbury,  the  supping-place  for  passengers  on  the  Bath  road,  where  a 
cold  collation  is  always  ready. 
6fX9jin. 

8953  [MILLER  AND  HORSE.]^ 

Plate  24.  Page  58, 

Woodward  del.  Cruikshank  scP 

Engraving.  A  thin  and  ragged  man  rides  (1.  to  r.)  a  lean  and  clumsy  horse. 
His  saddle  is  a  sack  against  which  hangs  a  bell.  He  gapes  with  bewildered 
alarm.  (Sketched  on  the  road  near  Newbury.) 
7|xioJin.  (pL). 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8949.  ^  ^gQ  ^  coloured  impression. 

^  Imprint  as  No.  8952. 

321  Y 


« 

CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8954  [JEW  AND  BISHOP]' 

Plate  65  [sic,  i.e.  25]  Page  25  [sic,  i.e.  65] 

Woodward  del  Crutkshank  s 

Engraving.^  A  fat  bishop  (1.)  seated  in  an  arm-chair,  addresses  with  a 
rhetorical  gesture  a  Jew  seated  beside  him,  who  points  to  the  heading  Stock 
in  his  newspaper,  Lloyds  Evening  [News]. 

Taken  from  a  description  of  Bath  in  Macklin's  comedy,  The  Man  of  the 
World,  1 78 1,  and  representing  a  scene  in  the  Pump  Room, 
lojxyf  in. 

8955  [A  GROUP  AT  BATH.]' 

Plate  26.  Page  65 

Woodward  del  Crutkshank  sc. 

Engraving.^  Four  ladies  at  a  round  card-table,  two  elderly  partners 
quarrelling  violently,  while  male  bystanders  take  a  part  in  the  quarrel. 
Described  by  Woodward  as  taken  from  Macklin's  Man  of  the  World  (see 
No.  8954):  'a  Peer  and  a  Sharper; — a  Duchess,  and  a  Pin  Maker's  Wife — 
a  Boarding  School  Miss,  and  her  Grandmother — a  Fat  Parson — a  Lean 
General — and  a  Yellow  Admiral,  quarrelling  about  an  odd  trick  at  a  game 
at  Whist.' 
7|Xiiiin.  (pi.). 

8956  [THE  CABINET  COUNCIL.] 

Plate  27  Page  65 

Woodward  del  Crutkshank  sculp 

London  Pub  Oct^  22,  iyg6,  by  Allen  <Sf  West  15  Paternoster  Row 
Engraving.^  A  scene  at  Bath  from  a  description  in  Macklin's  Man  of  the 
World  (see  No.  8954).  Seven  men  on  chairs  arranged  in  a  semicircle,  six 
talking  in  couples,  the  seventh  (r.)  has  risen  from  his  chair  and  shouts  at 
the  company,  holding  a  newspaper.  They  are:  *a  Duke  and  a  Haberdasher; 
— a  red  hot  Patriot,  and  a  sneering  Courtier, — a  discarded  Statesman  and 
his  scribbling  Chaplain;  with  a  brawling  Prerogative  Latoyery  quarrelling 
about  Politics.^ 
7|Xioiin.  (pi.). 

8957  [NEWS  VENDERS  AT  BRISTOL]^ 

Plate  28,  Page  68, 

Woodward  del  Cruickshanks  d: 

Engraving.  A  paper-seller,  with  his  papers  piled  on  a  curiously  shaped 
stone  pedestal  like  an  inverted  bell,  is  besieged  by  customers.  He  holds 
out  a  paper,  The  Sun,  to  a  butcher  (r.),  who  reads,  tendering  a  coin.  Two 
other  artisans  clamour  for  news,  one  offers  money.  On  the  1.  an  old  gentle- 
man reads  a  paper  with  near-sighted  dismay.  The  pile  of  papers  includes 
the  Times  and  Cronicle. 

The  news-venders  at  Bristol  use  stones,  originally  intended  for  mer- 
chants for  the  counting  of  money  before  the  building  of  the  Exchange: 
they  appear  to  sell  both  papers  and  news,  cf.  No.  7625. 
ioJx8  in.  (pi.). 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8952.  '  Also  a  coloured  impression. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8956. 

322 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

8958  [SLEEPY  CHARACTERS  AT  TORRINGTON.]' 

Plate  2g.  Page  78. 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sculp 

Engraving.  Three  elderly  men,  one  holding  a  pipe,  sit  fast  asleep,  framed 

in  an  open  casement  window  of  the  Globe  inn.   A  date  in  a  medallion, 

161 — ,  is  above  the  window.  Sketched  at  Torrington,  a  place  'supremely 

dull'. 

lojxyf  in.  (pL). 

8959  [A  JUSTICES'  MEETING.] 

Plate,  31,  Page,  81. 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  Sc: 

London  Pu¥  Nov^  5  iyg6,  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  Row 

Engraving.  Four  justices  sit  round  a  rectangular  table,  the  clerical  chair- 
man (r.),  wearing  bands,  looks  fiercely  towards  the  host  and  hostess  of  the 
inn  who  stand  trembling  on  the  extreme  1.  A  puny  footman  stands  behind 
his  chair.  Burn's  Justice  is  open  on  the  table  before  him,  with  a  pipe.  One 
justice  smokes,  another  reads  a  newspaper.  Two  guns  and  two  pictures 
hang  on  the  wall:  Daniel  in  the  Lyons  Den  and  the  Judgment  of  Solomon. 

Little  ale-houses  in  Devon  are  said  to  be  generally  undergoing  prepara- 
tions for  a  justices'  meeting,  the  table  laid  out  with  Burn's  Justice,  the 
London  Chronicle,  pipes,  tobacco,  &c. 
6fX9/gin. 

8960  [A  BUCKINGHAMSHIRE  HUNT.]* 

Plate  33  Page.  8g. 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sculp 

Engraving.3  Design  in  an  oval.  Six  mounted  men  stand  among  the 
hounds  who  stand  facing  a  hare  (r.)  which  looks  at  them  from  a  clump 
of  leaves.  A  dismounted  man  peers  at  the  hare  through  spectacles.  Behind 
are  trees  and  a  landscape  with  two  small  figures. 

The  neighbourhood  of  Winslow,  Bucks.,  is  said  frequently  to  present 
'an  heterogeneous  mixture  of  Squires,  Parsons,  Butchers,  Innkeepers, 
Barbers,  and  Tailors,  in  search  of  that  defenceless  animal  the  Hare'. 
Si'gX6i|in. 

8961  [A  GRINDER  OF  MUSIC.]^ 

Plate  24  Page  96, 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sculp 

Engraving.^  Design  in  a  circle.  An  elderly  man  (T.Q.L.)  seated  in  a  chair 
turns  the  handle  of  a  barrel-organ  (r.),  his  1.  hand,  held  out  with  a  declama- 
tory gesture,  rests  on  the  organ.  He  turns  up  his  eyes  theatrically.  He  is 
foppishly  but  not  fashionably  dressed,  wearing  an  ornate  waistcoat  with 
broad  lapels.  See  No.  8962. 
Diam.,  6J  in. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8956.     ^  *  Imprint  as  No.  8959. 

3  Also  a  coloured  impression. 

323 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8962  [A  LADY  PLAYING  ON  A  HARPSICHORD.] 

Plate.  35.  Page  96 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks.  sculp. 

London  Pu¥  Nov''  ig,  iyg6  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  Row 
Engraving.  Design  in  a  circle.  A  stout  and  plain  young  woman  (T.Q.L.) 
sits  in  profile  to  the  r.,  her  hands  suspended  above  a  harpsichord ;  she  looks 
with  raised  head  and  lowered  eyelids  at  a  music-book  where  two  tunes  are 
inscribed  Solo  i^g  and  Solo  160.  The  instrument  is  inscribed:  David 
Drowsy  make  1568.  She  is  the  daughter  of  the  'Buckinghamshire  gentle- 
man' of  No.  8961. 
Diam.,  6^  in.  B.M.L.  10348.  h.  i. 

8963  [AN  AGREEABLE  CHARACTER  IN  A  POST-CHAISE.] 
Plate  36.  Page  99 

Woodward,  del  Cruikshanks,  sculp 

London  Pu¥  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  row  Nov^.  ijgS. 
Engraving.'   Design  in  a  circle.  A  fat  man,  nearly  H.L.,  directed  to  the  r., 
his  face  carbuncled  with  drink.  He  wears  a  round  hat  with  brim  curving  up 
at  the  sides,  fashionable  cravat,  and  high-collared,  double-breasted  waist- 
coat of  vast  proportions. 
Diam.,  6 J  in. 

8964  [AN  ILL-TEMPERED  HOSTESS.]^ 

Plate  37.  Page.  99 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp. 

Engraving.   Design  in  a  circle.   An  ugly  woman  (T.Q.L.)  with  a  twisted, 
down-drawn  mouth,  her  eyes  turned  to  the  1.,  carries  a  punch-bowl  on 
which  a  boxing-match  is  depicted. 
Diam.,  ()\  in. 

8965  [A  CONTENTED  INNKEEPER.]^ 

Plate  38  Page  99 

Woodward,  del.  Cruikshanks,  sculp 

Engraving.   Design  in  a  circle.   A  stout  man  (T.Q.L.)  wearing  an  apron 
and  smoking  a  long  pipe,  turns  his  head  upwards  in  profile  to  the  r.,  with 
an  expression  of  quizzical  satisfaction. 
Diam.,  6^  in. 

8966  [A  COUNTRY  SCHOOLMASTER.] 

Plate  39  Page 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks,  sculp 

London  Pu¥  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  row  December  3,  iyg6. 
Engraving.'  Design  in  a  circle.  An  old  man  (H.L.)  seated  in  a  chair  in 
profile  to  the  r.,  holds  up  a  spelling-book  (inscribed  ABC  DEF,  abc  def) 
at  which  he  scowls  near-sightedly  through  spectacles;  his  1.  forefinger  is 
raised  admonishingly.  He  wears  a  night-cap  and  a  dressing-gown  over  his 
coat.  Cf.  No.  8221. 
Diam.,  6 J  in. 

'  Also  a  coloured  impression.  *  Imprint  as  No.  8962. 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1796 

8967  [LORDS  OF  THE  CREATION.]' 

Plate  40  Page 

Woodward,  del  Cruikshank  s.p 

Engraving.  Two  fat  old  men  wearing  night-caps,  sit  side  by  side  in  arm- 
chairs, one  (1.)  with  a  gouty  foot  supported  on  a  cushioned  stool,  the  other 
with  his  gouty  1.  arm  swathed  to  the  elbow.  Both  look  up  with  gaping 
terror  at  a  fly  in  a  slanting  beam  of  light.  Each  fears  it  may  alight  on  his 
gouty  limb. 
9I X  6f  in. 

8968  [VIRTUOSO  AND  A  FLY.]' 

Plate,  41. 

Woodward,  del  Crutkshanks  sculp 

Engraving.^  A  lean  and  ugly  old  man  sits  in  profile  to  the  r.,  bending 
forward  towards  an  immense  volume  which  lies  open  on  a  table  in  front 
of  an  open  sash-window  (r.).  On  the  page  is  a  fly  at  which  he  gesticulates. 
He  wears  a  night-cap  and  a  loose  robe  over  an  old-fashioned  laced  waist- 
coat, short  breeches,  and  high-quartered  shoes.  Above  his  head  hangs 
a  large  stuffed  crocodile,  and  in  a  frame  on  the  wall  are  butterflies  and  insects. 
The  Virtuoso'  ( ?  naturalist)  is  examining  the  works  of  Linnaeus  'for  a 
description  of  an  uncommon  species  of  insect'. 
8f  X  6|  in. 

8969  ARMORIAL  BEARINGS   FOR  DEALERS   IN  THE   MAR- 
VELLOUS!!' 

Plate  42.  Page, 

Engraving.  A  burlesque  coat  of  arms.  The  quarterings:  dexter  chief,  a 
mask;  sinister  chief,  a  man  riding  an  eagle;  dexter  base,  a  long  scroll; 
sinister  base,  a  decapitated  man  holding  up  his  head.  The  supporters  are 
dexter,  a  monk,  r.  an  officer  in  hussar's  uniform  (Munchausen).  The 
motto :  Wonders!  Wonders!!  Wonders!!!  (the  catch-word  of  Katterfelto,  see 
No.  6326,  &c.).  The  crest  a  long-bow  and  bundles.   Beneath  the  design: 

Explanation 
The  quarterings  are  A  brazen  head  [cf.  No.  7898,  &c.] — Munchausen  .  . . 
— A  Catalogue  of  Miracles, — and  A  Saint . . .;  the  Supporters  are  an  Ancient 
Monk,  and  a  Modern  Traveller — The  motto  is  borrowed  from  the  famous 
Katterfelto' s  advertisements,  and  the  Crest ....  a  Long  Bozo,  and  a  Bundle 
of  Crackers!! 
ioJX7|in.  (pi.). 

8970  [STAGE  COACH  PASSENGERS  ASLEEP.] 

Plate  43.  Page  103 

Woodward  del  Crutkshanks  sculp 

London  Pu¥  by  Allen  &  West,  J5,  Paternoster  Row,  December  ly,  iyg6 
Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  stage-coach  displayed  by  the  removal  of  the 
near  side.  Six  passengers,  wedged  together,  are  uneasily  asleep.  A 
passenger  in  the  basket  (r.)  and  the  driver  on  the  box  (1.)  are  also  asleep. 
The  horses  and  the  lower  part  of  the  wheels  are  not  shown.  Such  travellers 
are  said  to  'mix  knees,  elbows,  night-caps,  &c.  into  o.  firm  phalanx,  to  prevent 
the  joltings  of  the  carriage  .  .  .'.  Cf.  Nos.  9133,  9134. 
8xioi  in.  (pL). 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8966.  ^  Also  a  coloured  impression. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

8971     [STAGE    COACH    PASSENGERS    PASSING    WOOBURN 

SANDS.]' 
Plate  45.  Page  log. 

Woodward  del:  Cruikshank  sculp 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval,  A  coach  without  passengers  or  driver  pro- 
ceeds (r.  to  1.)  with  the  wheels  sunk  in  sand  (resembling  water).  Beside 
it  trudge  the  driver  (1.),  the  guard  with  his  blunderbuss,  and  two  men 
passengers.  On  a  bank  above  the  road,  two  ladies  and  two  men  run  in  the 
same  direction.  On  the  roof  of  the  coach  are  band-boxes  and  a  turtle ;  on 
the  door  a  swan  with  two  necks  (sign  of  the  famous  coaching-inn  in  Lad 
Lane). 
6|x8|  in. 


8972  [ANTIQUARIANS  VIEWING  QUEEN'S  CROSS.]' 

Plate  46  Page  112 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

Engraving.2  ^  view  of  Queen  Eleanor's  Cross  at  Northampton,  the 
summit  cut  oil  by  the  upper  margin.  Two  elderly  men  gape  at  it  open- 
mouthed.  A  third  (r.),  more  fashionably  dressed  and  wearing  top-boots, 
examines  it  superciliously  through  a  glass.  The  cross  is  frequently  visited 
by  'some  honorable  F.A.S.'  [F.S.A.]. 
8^x6|in. 

8973  [STRANGERS  VIEWING  OXFORD.] 

Plate  47  Page 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

London   Published  by  Allen  &  West,  J5,  Paternoster  Row  Dec"  31 
1796 

Engraving.^  Design  in  a  circle.  A  guide  points  out  with  arm  and  cane  a 
gothic  building,  shouting  over  his  shoulder  to  four  tourists  (1.)  who  stand 
behind  him  and  who  gape,  yawn,  or  look  resigned.  Two  undergraduates 
on  the  extreme  r.  look  round  quizzically. 
Diam.,  6|  in. 

8974  [AN  OXFORD  PROCESSION.]^ 

Plate  48  Page  [120] 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sc 

Engraving.^  A  stout  parson  (the  Vice-Chancellor),  wearing  a  hat  and  long 
gown,  walks  pompously  (1.  to  r.),  preceded  by  a  verger  carrying  a  long 
(silver)  rod  and  followed  by  two  fat  but  less  pompous  parsons  (not  wearing 
gowns).  Three  beadles  holding  long  wands  surmounted  by  a  ball  and 
crown  walk  behind.  They  wear  laced  hats  and  long  laced  coats.  A  fourth 
wand  suggests  a  fourth  beadle.  A  general  view  of  University  processions, 
without  representation  of  'particular  characters'. 
7|XiOi^gin.  (pi.). 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8970.  *  Also  a  coloured  impression. 

3  Imprint  as  No.  8973. 

326 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL   SATIRES   I796 

8975  [CONTRASTED  OXONIANS.]' 

Plate.  4g,  Page  [120] 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sc 

Engraving.^  One  Oxonian  in  cap  and  gown  (I.)  staggers  along,  full-face, 
yawning  violently.  The  other  (r.),  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  gown  looped  over 
his  arms,  walks  forward  with  a  mincing  gait  as  if  dancing.  Both  are  fashion- 
ably dressed,  the  hair  of  the  former  is  short  and  dishevelled,  that  of  the 
other  in  a  looped  queue.  They  are  'a  Conceited  Fellow,  and  a  Drunken 
Fellow,  of  different  colleges'. 
7fXioiin.  (pi.). 

8976  [COLLEGE  PORTRAITS.]* 

Plate  50  Page 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sc. 

Engraving.^  Nine  heads  of  undergraduates  arranged  in  three  rows.  They 
wear  mortar-boards  tilted  at  different  angles  and  gowns  over  fashionable 
cravats.  A  majority  have  hair  loosely  curling  on  the  neck,  some  wear  short 
looped  queues, 
loixyifin.  (pL). 

'  Imprint  as  No.  8973.  *  Also  a  coloured  impression. 


327 


1797 
POLITICAL  SATIRES 

8977  SUPPLEMENTARY  CAVALRY  AND  INFANTRY. 

Woodward  Delin^  [I.  Cruikshank  f] 

Pu¥  January  J^'  1797  by  S.  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  corner  of 
Sackville  St — Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression,  details  corrected  in  pen).  A  design  in 
two  compartments ;  above,  cavalry  proceed  r.  to  1. ;  below,  infantry  march 
1.  to  r. 

[i]  A  burlesqued  procession  of  men  variously  mounted.  The  leader, 
dressed  as  a  light  horseman  and  holding  up  a  sabre,  rides  a  horse  with 
blinkers,  trampling  on  a  hen  and  chickens  and  leaving  a  dead  pig  behind 
him.  He  says :  Know  all  Men  by  these  presents  that  if  any  accidents  happen 
I  do  not  Consider  myself  accountable  for  them  after  thus  publiccally  Warning 
every  Person  to  keep  within  doors  all  all  [sic]  their  live  and  Dead  Stock!!  The 
next  horseman,  whose  hat  flies  off,  turns  to  shout:  Hollo  there,  some  body 
be  so  good  as  to  catch  my  hat.  He  is  followed  by  a  silent  man  riding  a  bull. 
Next  him  a  man  threatens  with  his  sword  a  ragged  boy  on  an  ass:  What 
are  you  at  you  young  scoundrel  are  you  going  to  ride  over  the  Captain  keep 
in  your  rank  you.  The  boy  answers :  What  d'ye  mean  by  that  I  have  as  much 
right  here  as  you.  A  man  clasps  his  horse's  neck,  saying.  Curse  the  Horse 
how  he  Prances.   Behind  the  ass,  the  horse  of  a  man  in  civilian  dress  falls 

on  its  knees,  throwing  its  rider,  who  says :  D n  the  chimney  Sweeper  I 

thought  he'd  be  over  us.  A  rider  (horse  visible)  shouts  Take  care  of  the  Apple 
Stall,  while  an  old  woman  throws  up  her  arms,  shouting,  O  Dear  Af  Soldier 
dont  ride  over  me.  She  is  in  danger  from  a  man  in  regimentals,  gauntlet 
gloves,  and  wearing  a  sword,  but  whose  horse  has  blinkers.   A  man  turns 

to  him,  saying,  D n  me  you'll  kill  the  old  woman.   He  answers:  What 

signifies  that  charge  her  to  the  parish.  The  last  of  the  procession  is  a  yokel 
in  a  smock,  on  a  horse  with  blinkers  and  collar.  He  rides  down  a  pig  and 
poultry ;  his  neighbour  turns  to  him,  saying.  Mind  what  you  are  hat — you 
Sir  in  the  Blue  Frock  if  you  kill  the  Pigs  it  will  be  actionable.  He  answers: 
Then  let  them  keep  out  of  the  way  of  the  Sarvice. 

[2]  An  unsoldierly  group  march  with  bayoneted  muskets,  preceded  by 
two  boys  with  fife  and  drum.  The  officer,  wearing  a  gorget  and  holding 
up  a  sword,  scowls  at  a  man  behind  him  who  raises  his  leg  so  high  as  to 
kick  him,  saying:  None  of  your  tricks  Jack  dont  Fancy  you  are  in  the  shop 
now:  the  grinning  offender  is  addressed  by  a  man  wearing  a  Grenadier's 
cap  who  marches  beside  him :  Mind  what  you  are  about  or  you  will  be  had 
before  a  Court  Martial.  A  man  with  tipsily  closed  eyes  says,  Fm  as  giddy 
as  a  goose.  A  short,  fat,  elderly  man  in  civilian  dress  says.  Warm  work  my 
Masters.  His  neighbour  answers,  Nothing  when  you  are  used  to  it.  A  man 
wearing  an  apron  rests  his  musket  horizontally  on  his  shoulder,  saying. 
This  is  the  way  to  march ;  he  spikes  the  hat  of  the  man  behind,  who  shouts : 
What  are  you  at  you  fellow  in  green  are  you  going  to  poke  peoples  eyes  out. 
A  stout  man  says,  When  I  kept  the  tripe  Shop  in  the  Borough  who  would  have 
thought  I  should  have  rose  to  be  an  Insign.  Beside  him  walks  a  woman  with 
a  bottle  and  glass  shouting,  Does  any  Gentlemen  in  the  front  ranks  want  a 

328 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

drap  of  good  Gin.  A  Grenadier  marches  beside  the  last  couple  looking 
contemptuously  at  a  man  in  a  shirt  who  says :  By  goles  this  thing  [musket] 
is  so  heavy  it 's  the  best  way  to  drag  it  along  and  not  carry  it.  The  last  man, 
who  is  bandy-legged,  says,  I  donna  much  like  it. 

For  the  supplementary  militia  see  No.  8840,  and  for  the  defence  measures 
of  which  it  was  a  part  No.  8836,  &c.   The  militia  was  a  favourite  subject 
of  ridicule.  One  of  a  series,  see  No.  8541.   Later  impressions  are  Vol.  2. 
PI.  II  (A.  de  R.  V.  192-3). 
12  X  17!  in. 

8978  THE  LION'S  SHARE. 

X  [Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Jany  2^  1797-  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Sir  John  Jervis  sits  in  profile  to  the  r. 
at  a  table;  his  1.  hand  clutches  a  pile  of  guineas,  his  r.  fist  is  raised  to 
emphasize  his  words  which  are  etched  below  the  title:  Phaedrus: — ''The 
first  Share  is  mine,  because,  I  bore  my  part  in  killing  the  Prey; — the  Second 
falls  to  my  Lot,  because  I  am  King  of  the  Beasts; — &  if  any  one  presumes 
to  touch  the  Third!!! 

The  table  is  inscribed  Unclaimed  Dividends;  on  it  is  a  book:  Hints  on 
S'  Eustatia  Prize  Money.  On  the  carpeted  floor  lie  torn  papers:  [i]  Peti- 
tion of  Widow  of  ...  .  praying  for  payment  of  her  Husbands  dividend.  [2] 
Humble  Petition  of  John  lost  a  Leg  in  the  Battle  ...  [3]  Starving  for  want 
of  Just  dividend,  [4]  Petition  of  Major  .  .  .  who  lost  is  [?]  Beauty,  and  others 
which  are  illegible.  On  the  wall  which  forms  a  background  is  an  oval 
picture  of  Thieves  dividing  the  Spoil,  in  the  centre  of  four  oblong  prints : 
[i]  Two  bodies  hanging  from  a  gallows  inscribed  Peculation  \  Tyburn; 
[2]  a  map  of  S^  Vincents;  [3]  Loaves  &  Fishes;  [4]  a  map  of  Martinico 
showing  Fort  Bourbon.  Jervis  wears  admiral's  uniform  with  a  cocked  hat 
and  jack-boots. 

The  West  India  merchants  attacked  the  proclamations  issued  by  Sir 
Charles  Grey  and  Jervis  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  islands  conquered  from 
the  French  in  1794,  and  were  supported  in  the  House  of  Commons  by 
Barham  on  4  May  and  2  June  1795.  The  exactions  from  the  conquered 
islands  were  compared  with  the  confiscations  at  St.  Eustatius  in  178 1,  see 
No.  5842,  and  were  alleged  to  have  been  the  cause  of  the  subsequent  mis- 
fortunes in  the  West  Indies.  See  Mahon,  Influence  of  Sea  Power  upon  the 
French  Revolution  and  Empire,  i.  1 16-19.  The  motion  was  opposed  by 
both  parties  (Jervis  was  a  member  of  the  Opposition,  Sir  Charles  Grey 
was  defended  by  his  son),  and  the  House  repeated  the  thanks  to  the  two 
commanders  which  had  been  voted  on  20  May  1794  for  their  services  in 
the  conquest  of  the  French  West  India  islands.  Nothing  was  said  in  the 
debate  on  the  subject  of  the  distribution  of  prize-money,  though  the  regu- 
lations for  this  were  among  the  papers  laid  before  the  House  on  the 
demand  of  the  West  India  Merchants.  Pari.  Register,  vol.  58  (or  41),  1795, 
pp.  225-89,  461  ff. ;  Pari.  Hist.,  xxxii.  54-74.  Farington  notes,  8  Sept. 
1794,  a  report  'that  Pitt  is  very  angry  abt.  the  contribution  levied  by  Sir  C. 
Grey  &  Sir  John  Jervais  on  the  Islands'.  Farington  Diary,  i.  71.  By  a 
strange  coincidence  'St  Vincent',  here  used  to  pillory  Jervis  for  supposed 
misdeeds,  was  to  be  the  title  chosen  by  the  King  to  reward  him 
for  the  battle  of  Cape  St.  Vincent.    This  (belated)  attack  was  perhaps 

329 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

commissioned  by  some  enemy  of  Jervis  (whose  discipline  made  him  un- 
popular). 

Grego,  GtZ/mj,  p.  226.  WrightandEvans,  No.  161.  Reprinted,  G.P^.G., 
1830. 
io|  X  SJ  in.  With  border,  1 1 1 X  9!  in. 

8979  END  OF  THE  IRISH  INVASION;— OR— THE  DESTRUC- 
TION OF  THE  FRENCH  ARMADA. 

jf"  Gy  inv.  etf. 

Pu¥  Jany  20^^  1797^  by  H.  Humphrey^  New  bond  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  French  men-of-war  are  tossed  helplessly 
by  huge  waves,  which  are  lashed  to  fury  by  blasts  from  the  mouths  of 
(1.  to  r.)  Pitt,  Dundas,  Grenville,  and  Windham,  whose  heads  emerge  from 
clouds.  Fox  is  the  (realistic)  figure-head  of  Le  Revolutionaire  (r.)  which, 
with  broken  masts,  is  about  to  founder.  He  receives  the  full  strength  of 
the  blasts  from  Pitt  and  Dundas,  and  looks  up  despairingly,  his  head  against 
the  tricolour  stripes  which  encircle  the  mast.  Playing-cards  float  in  the 
water  by  the  ship.  On  the  1.  UEgalite  is  wrecked  by  a  blast  from  Grenville, 
which  shatters  a  flag-staff,  with  a  flag  inscribed  Vive  .  .  Egaliti.  Behind, 
a  vessel  disappears  in  a  whirlpool.  In  the  foreground  (1.)  The  Revolutionary 
Jolly  Boat  is  being  swamped  under  the  influence  of  a  blast  from  Windham; 
the  occupants  throw  up  their  hands  despairingly:  Sheridan,  standing  in  the 
stern,  is  still  unsubmerged;  the  others  (1.  to  r.)  are  Hall  the  Foxite  apothe- 
cary,^ Erskine,  in  wig  and  gown,  M.  A.  Taylor,  and  Thelwall,  washed 
overboard,  with  a  paper:  ThelwalVs  lectures  (see  No.  8685).^ 

News  of  the  arrival  of  a  part  of  the  French  fleet  in  Bantry  Bay  on 
23  Dec,  and  its  believed  losses  in  a  heavy  gale  on  27  Dec,  reached  London 
on  31  Dec.  Lond.  Chron.,  2  Jan.  1797.  For  the  expedition  of  Hoche,  on 
representations  from  Wolfe  Tone,  Lord  E.  Fitzgerald,  and  A.  O'Connor, 
that  Ireland  would  rise,  see  Desbriere,  Projets  et  Tentatives  de  Debarquement 
aux  lies  britanniques,  1900,  i.  135-223 ;  Sorel,  Bonaparte  et  Hoche,  pp.  255  ff. ; 
Navy  Records  Soc,  Spencer  Papers,  i.  363-401 ;  Guillot,  La  France  et 
r Irlande  pendant  la  Rev.,  1888,  pp.  193-283.  See  Nos.  9106,  9156,  9245. 
Fox  had  maintained  that  the  fear  of  invasion  was  visionary,  see  Nos.  8836, 
8987.   Cf.  No.  9183.  For  invasion  prints  see  No.  8432,  &c 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  216.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  159.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.y 
1830.  Reproduced,  Wheeler  and  Broadley,  i.  14. 
10X14I  in. 

8980  THE  GIANT-FACTOTUM  AMUSING  HIMSELF. 
J'  Gilly  inif  etfec* 

Pu¥Jan  21^^  1797-  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  arrogantly  bestrides  the  Speaker's 
chair,  towering  high  above  the  galleries  of  the  House.  He  plays  cup  (or 
rather  spike)  and  ball  with  the  globe,  on  which  France  is  disproportionately 
large,  the  British  Isles  small  and  obscure.  His  head  is  turned  to  the  1. 
towards  his  own  followers,  who  crowd  obsequiously  towards  his  huge  r. 
foot  which  rests  on  the  head  of  Wilberforce  (papers  inscribed  Slave  Trade 

'  So  Wright  and  Evans.   He  has  perhaps  more  resemblance  to  Dr.  Towers. 
*  Wright  and  Evans  put  Dr.  Lawrence's  name  between  that  of  Sheridan  and 
Erskine;  he  is  not  depicted. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1797 

issuing  from  his  pocket)  and  on  the  shoulder  of  the  bulky  and  truculent 
Dundas,  who  wears  Highland  dress.  Canning  (the  Trial  of  Betty  Canning 
projecting  from  his  pocket)  kneels  to  kiss  the  toe  of  his  shoe.  His  1.  foot 
crushes  the  leaders  of  the  Opposition:  Erskine,  Sheridan,  Fox  (all  pros- 
trate), and  a  fourth  ( ?  Grey)  with  upstretched  arms.  M.  A.  Taylor,  a  tiny 
figure,  with  the  legs  of  a  chicken  (see  No.  6777)  and  wearing  a  bonnet- 
rouge,  sprawls  on  the  floor  near  Fox.  The  rest  of  the  party  raise  their  arms 
in  dismay.  The  Speaker  (Addington)  looks  up  (raising  his  hat),  as  do  the 
Clerks.  Pitt's  coat-pockets  bulge  like  sacks;  in  one  (1.)  are  papers:  Volun- 
teers, 200000  Seamen,  1 30000  Regulars,  Militia;  the  other  is  stuffed  with 
guineas,  on  this  his  1.  hand  rests,  holding  a  paper  Resources  for  supporting 
the  War. 

The  particular  application  may  be  to  the  debate  of  30  Dec.  1796  (see 
No.  8981)  on  the  King's  Message  respecting  the  rupture  of  negotiations 
for  peace,  when  Pitt  moved  an  Address  offering  zealous  support  for 
measures  likely  to  bring  the  war  to  a  safe  and  honourable  issue,  and  was 
opposed  by  Fox  and  Erskine,  who  were  in  a  minority  of  37  to  212.  Pari. 
Hist,  xxxii.  1440-93.  For  these  measures  see  No.  8836,  &c.  For  Pitt  as 
dictator  to  Parliament  cf.  No.  8805.   See  also  No.  8994. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  216-17.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  160.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Edmonds,  Poetry  of  the  Anti-Jacobin,  frontis- 
piece. 
13^X9!  in. 

8981  THE  DAILY-ADVERTISER;— 

J'  Qy  d.  etf. 

Pu¥  Jany  23^  ^797y  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Fox  (r.),  a  news-boy 
(as  in  No.  8458),  ragged  and  unshaven,  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  r. 
hand  on  the  knocker  of  the  gate  of  the  Treasury.  He  wears  a  bonnet-rouge 
on  the  front  of  which  is  a  tricolour  placard :  Daily  Advertiser  (like  those 
worn  by  news-boys);  his  horn  is  thrust  through  his  belt.  He  shouts: 
Bloody-News! — Bloody-News! — Bloody-News!! — glorious-bloody  News  for 
old-England!  —  Bloody  News!  —  Traitrous-  Taxes!  —  Swindling-Loans!  — 
Murd' ring-Militia's! — Minister  ail-Invasions! — Ruin  to  all  Europe! — alarm- 
ing-bloody-News! — Bloody-News!!!  The  knocker  is  a  ring  in  the  mouth  of 
a  Medusa  head  with  the  face  of  Pitt.  From  above  the  spiked  bars  of  the 
closed  gate  issues  a  label:  Lord!  Fellow! — pray  don't  keep  such  a  knocking 
&  Bawling  there; — we  never  take  in  any  Jacobin  papers  here! — &  never  open 
the  doors  for  any,  but  such  as  can  be  trusted:  True-Briton's  &  such! 

Under  Fox's  1.  arm  is  a  roll  of  Paris-Papers ;  in  his  1.  hand  a  large  sheet 
of  the  Daily  Advertiser  with  three  columns  of  advertisements,  headed,  Places 
Wanted,  Wants  Places,  and  Wanted:  Wanted, — a  Place  in  the  Treasury. 
Wanted,  an  Appointment  in  the  Exchequer.  Wanted,  a  Situation  at  S^ 
James's.  Wants  a  Place  a  thorough-bred  Secretary.  Wants  a  Place.  A  Man 
of  all  Work.  Wants  Employ^  a  true  Greek-Patriarch.  Wanted,  a  Place  in 
the  Pension-List.  Wanted,  a  comfortable  Annuity  for  Life.  Wanted,  a  snug 
Sinecure  for  Life.  N.B:  The  above  Mouth-stoppers  will  be  purchas'd  upon 
any  Terms; — !!!  For  particulars  apply  to  the  Fox  &  Grapes  in  Starvation 
Lane — or,  at  the  Box  &  Dice  in  Knave's  Accre.  On  the  wall  behind  his 
head  (r.)  is  posted  a  bill:  Just  Publish' d  a  new  Edition    The  Cries  of  the 

331 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Opposition,  or,  the  Tears  of  the  Famish' d  Patriots,  dedicated  to  the  considera- 
tion of  the  Ministry.  After  the  title:  Vide,  Dundas's  Speech  in  the  House 
of  Commons. — "for  a  dozen  Years  past,  he  has  followed  the  business  of  a  Daily- 
Advertiser, — daily  stunning  our  Ears  with  a  noise  about  Plots  &  Ruin  & 
Treasons  &  Impeachments; — while  the  Contents  of  his  Bloody-News  turns 
out  to  be,  only  a  Daily  Advertisement  for  a  Place  &  a  Pension. 

An  exaggerated  version  of  Dundas's  speech  on  30  Dec.  1796  in  answer 
to  Fox's  speech  on  the  miscarriages  and  mismanagement  of  the  war  (in  the 
debate  on  the  failure  of  peace  negotiations).  Dundas  answered  that  the 
speech  was  'one  of  the  most  violent  and  mischievous  that  he  had  ever 
heard  .  .  .  calculated  to  give  countenance  and  encouragement  to  the  enemy 
[as  well  as  information]. ...  It  was  indeed,  rather  extraordinary,  that  with 
Ministers  so  very  unpopular  as  he  would  have  the  present  to  be,  and  while 
he  was  day  after  day  advertising  himself  for  a  place,  he  could  not  persuade 
the  country  to  join  him  in  his  opinion'.  Parliamentary  Register,  vol.  63, 
pp.  605-6.^  The  True  Briton  was  financed  by  the  Government,  cf.  Bland- 
Burges  Papers,  p.  228.   See  No.  8989.   For  'Greek-Patriarch'  see  No.  9023. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  217.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  152.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
14X9I  in. 

898 1  A  A  copy  (coloured),  J^  Qy  d  etp,  is  pi.  N°  III  to  London  und  Paris, 

i,  1798.  Explanatory  text,  pp.  102-9. 

8f  X  6f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

8981  B  A  copy,  Gillray  deV,  faces  p.  73  in  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 
8|x6  in.  With  border,  9ix6^|  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

8982  HINTS  TOWARDS  A  CHANGE  OF  MINISTRY 

[Woodward  del.   I  Cruikshank  £.] 

Pu¥  Febry  i'^  lygy  by  S.W.  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 
mile  Street — Folio's  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Ten  ladies,  arranged  in  two  rows,  with 
numbers  referring  to  notes  etched  beneath  the  design,  their  proposed 
offices  etched  above  their  heads.  Below  the  title :  Respectfully  submitted  to 
the  Consideration  of  the  Ladies  of  Great  Britain,  (i)  First  Lady  of  the 
Treasury  and  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer.  The  Due — ss  of  Gor — n  (Pitt's 
friend),  wearing  a  tartan  drapery,  sits  at  a  writing-table.  Facing  her,  with 
outstretched  r.  arm,  is  (2)  President  of  the  Council  and  Due — w  of  Ric — nd. 
(3)  Lady  High  Chancellor  is  the  Coun — ss  of  Buc — s — e,  very  short  and 
jFat,  in  wig  and  gown  and  holding  the  purse  of  the  Great  Seal.  Facing 
her  is  (4)  Chamberlain,  who  is  Margr — ne  of  Ans — h,  wearing  a  coronet 
and  feathers,  and  holding  a  long  wand  of  office.  (5)  Mistress  of  the 
Horse  holding  a  whip  is  Lady  Arc — r.  (6)  First  Lady  of  the  Admiralty 
is  M"  Jo — n,  with  her  arms  folded,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  as  if  playing  the 
part  of  Priscilla  Hoyden  in  The  Romp,  see  No.  6875,  but  wearing  a  naval 
cocked  hat,  emblem  of  her  liaison  with  the  Duke  of  Clarence,  see  No.  9009. 
Facing  her  is  (y)  Secretary  of  War  &  Cap**  of  the  Guards,  La — y  Wa — ce 

'  In  the  Pari.  Hist.  Fox  is  reported  at  great  length,  Dundas's  speech  is  mentioned 
only.   It  was  reported  in  the  London  Chronicle. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1797 

(sister  of  No.  i) ;  she  wears  a  military  cocked  hat  and  coat  with  epaulettes, 
her  hands  placed  truculently  on  her  hips.  (Her  friendship  with  Dumouriez 
is  perhaps  hinted  at.)  (8)  Mistress  of  the  Buck  Hounds,  is  March — ss  of 
Sa — ry,  thin  and  weatherbeaten,  holding  two  hounds  on  a  leash,  (g)  Ranger 
of  Hyde  Park,  is  La—y  La — e  (wife  of  Sir  John  Lade)  wearing  a  riding- 
habit  and  holding  a  riding-switch.  {10)  Post  Mistress  General  and  Inspector 
of  Mis-sent  Letters  is  La — y  Je — y.  She  sits  at  a  round  table  on  which 
are  many  letters  and  appliances  for  opening  and  re-sealing  them,  including 
a  spirit-lamp  inscribed  Hot  water.  She  holds  a  lighted  candle  and  peers 
through  spectacles  at  a  sealed  letter.  For  this  incident  see  No.  8809  (4). 
For  these  ladies  see  indexes  to  vols,  v,  vi,  and  vii.  One  of  a  series,  see 
No.  8541,  &c.  Later  impressions  are  Vol.  2,  PL  12  (A.  de  R.  v.  186). 
II Jx  17^  in. 

8983  A  NEW  SCOTCH  REEL  ALTERED  FROM  THE  BRUNSWIG 
MINUET  &  THE  OLD  JERSEY  JIG 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  by  SW  Fores  N.  50,  Piccadilly  Feb  2,  ijgj.  Folios  of 
Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  lady  wearing  a  tartan  scarf 
supports  the  Prince  of  Wales,  who  is  tipsily  waving  a  lighted  (and  broken) 
candle,  towards  the  open  door  of  a  bedroom  (r.).  He  is  dishevelled,  with 
ungartered  stockings ;  his  1.  arm  is  round  the  lady's  neck.  She  holds  a  full 
wine-glass  whose  contents  are  spilling.  Behind  the  Prince's  back  she  snaps 
her  fingers  derisively  at  Lady  Jersey,  who  enters  (1.),  in  under-garments 
and  night-cap,  saying,  /'//  discover  the  Correspondence  in  Revenge.  The 
scene  is  a  small  ante-room  between  two  bedrooms ;  in  it  are  a  table  with 
bottles  and  glasses  at  which  is  an  arm-chair.  Behind  Lady  Jersey  (I.)  is  a 
bed  over  which  is  a  coronet  with  the  letter  J,  in  the  other  room  (r.)  there 
is  a  coronet  with  the  letter  G  above  the  bed .  Lord  Jersey's  head  and  shoulders 
project  from  under  his  wife's  bed ;  he  looks  towards  her,  saying,  Upon  my 
Honor  I  dorUt  think  he  uses  us  well  after  giving  me  all  this  trouble  for  nothing!! 
On  the  wall  behind  the  chair  is  a  circular  scrawl  indicating  a  picture 
inscribed  D.  Manchester.  Above  the  design:  A  Cure  for  the  Heart  Ache!! 
Lady  Jersey's  rival  is  the  Duchess  of  Manchester,  nee  Gordon  (see 
No.  9084).  The  former  had  intrigued  against  the  Princess  of  Wales,  but 
at  the  time  of  the  open  separation,  see  No.  8810,  the  Prince  was  tired  of 
her,  and  the  liaison  was  coming  to  an  end  (cf.  Rogers,  Table  Talk,  1887, 
p.  267  n.).  For  'the  Correspondence'  see  No.  8809.  For  the  title  cf. 
No.  8485. 
8|xi4}iin. 

8984  "THE  FEAST  OF  REASON,  &  THE  FLOW  OF  SOUL," 
— I.E— THE  WITS  OF  THE  AGE,  SETTING  THE  TABLE  IN  A— 
ROAR. 

J'  Gy  inv.  &  feci. 

Pu¥  Feby  4'*  lygy  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Courtenay  (r.),  as  the  chairman  of  a 
tavern  club,  sits  at  the  head  of  an  oblong  table,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  smoking. 
He  says  to  George  Hanger,  who  faces  him  at  the  foot  of  the  table:  /  say, 

333 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Georgey  how  do  Things  look  now?  The  words  issue  from  his  mouth  in  a 
cloud  of  smoke.  Hanger  answers:  Ax  my  Grandmother's  Muff,  pray  do! 
He  holds  a  pipe,  his  wine-glass  is  overturned.  His  bludgeon  is  thrust  in 
his  top-boot.  On  Hanger's  r.  sits  Fox,  leaning  back  in  his  chair,  registering 
extravagant  amusement  and  saying  O  charming! — charming!  Opposite 
Fox  sits  Sheridan,  clasping  a  decanter  of  Brandy  in  one  hand,  a  glass  in 
the  other.  He  says,  with  a  sly  smile.  Excellent! — damme  Georgey,  Excellent. 
Next  him,  and  on  Courtenay's  r.,  sits  M.  A.  Taylor,  flourishing  his  pipe 
and  saying.  Bravo!  the  best  Thing  I  ever  heard  said,  damme.  On  the  table 
are  decanters  of  Mum  and  of  Champaig[n].  Above  Courtenay's  head  is 
a  picture  of  a  simian  creature  in  a  cap  of  Liberty,  squatting  on  the  ground 
and  smoking  a  pipe.  Theframe  is  inscribed  jMz;e«a/.  The  floor  is  carpeted, 
the  chairs  are  ornate. 

The  Opposition  wits  are  ridiculed  as  boon  companions  of  George 
Hanger. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  226-7  (small  copy).   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
9ixi32  in. 

8985  THE  NUPTIAL-BOWER;— WITH  THE  EVIL-ONE,  PEEP- 
ING AT  THE  CHARMS  OF  EDEN,  f^^^  Milton. 

J'  Qy  inv^  &  jed 

Pu¥  Fehy  Jj'*  lygy  by  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving.  Pitt,  grotesquely  thin  and  much  caricatured,  leads  Eleanor 
Eden,  a  conventionally  pretty  woman,  towards  a  bower  (r.)  covered  with 
a  vine  bearing  many  bunches  of  grapes  interspersed  with  coronets.  Within 
it  are  three  large  sacks  inscribed  £.  His  1.  hand  is  on  her  back,  his  r.  points 
to  the  bower.  She  advances  demurely,  a  fan  inscribed  Treasury  held  before 
her  face.  A  Cupid  with  a  torch  flies  before  them.  The  Devil,  a  fat  nude 
creature  with  webbed  wings  and  the  face  of  Fox,  crouches  behind  the 
bower  (r.),  impotently  gnashing  his  teeth  and  clenching  his  fists.  Ribbons 
with  the  jewels  and  star  of  an  order  are  twined  in  the  bower ;  more  coronets 
and  a  star  emerge  from  the  ground.  Beneath  the  couple  is  etched:  "To  the 
Nuptial-Bower  he  led  her.  Blushing  like  the  Morn." 

Pitt  had  become  attached  to  Miss  Eden,  had  contemplated  marriage,  but 
had  withdrawn  in  a  formal  letter  to  Lord  Auckland  on  20  January: '  ,  .  .  I 
am  compelled  to  say  that  I  find  the  obstacles  to  it  decisive  and  insur- 
mountable.' These  obstacles  were  almost  certainly  Pitt's  debts.  Rose,  Pitt 
and  the  Great  War,  pp.  299-303.  Burke  wrote,  27  Dec.  1796,  to  Mrs. 
Crewe:  'The  tattle  of  the  town  is  of  a  marriage  between  a  daughter  of  Lord 
Auckland  and  M""  Pitt,  and  that  our  statesman  .  .  .  will  take  his  Eve  from 
the  Garden  of  Eden.  It  is  lucky  there  is  no  serpent  there,  though  plenty 
of  fruit.'  Correspondence,  ed.  Fitzwilliam,  iv.  417.  See  also  Diaries  of 
Sylvester  Douglas,  1928,  i.  98-9,  102.  The  print  reflects  the  public  belief 
that  Auckland  was  a  shameless  careerist  (cf.  No.  6815)  and  indicates  the 
outcry  that  would  have  arisen  if  Pitt  had  given  him  office,  however 
deserved,  to  facilitate  the  marriage.^ 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  218.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  164.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9fxi3iin. 

*  Fox  made  a  gibe  at  Auckland's  peerage  in  his  speech  of  30  Dec.  X796  on  the 
rupture  of  the  peace  negotiations.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  147 1. 

334 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

8986  THE  TREE  OF  LIBERTY  MUST  BE  PLANTED   IMME- 
DIATELY!— 

fGvinv.&fef  ^ 

Pu¥  Feby  16*^  1797-  h'  H  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  The  Tree  of  Liberty 
(cf.  No.  9214),  often  (in  fact)  a  pole  surmounted  by  a  bonnet-rouge,  is  here 
a  pilce  on  which  is  the  bleeding  head  of  Fox,  the  eyes  covered  by  a  cap 
inscribed  Libertas.  Round  the  base  of  the  pike  and  on  a  grassy  mound  are 
heaped  the  heads  of  the  Foxites.  The  six  heads  at  the  base  of  the  pile  are 
(I.  to  r.):  Thelwall,  a  little  apart  from  the  others;  beside  him  is  a  paper: 
Lectures  upon  the  Fall  of  the  Republic  by  J.  Thelwall  (see  No.  8685) ;  against 
his  head  lies  the  blade  of  a  headsman's  axe;  Derby  (in  profil  perdu), 
Lauderdale,  Stanhope,  M.  A.  Taylor,  and  Hanger,  The  tvi^o  central  heads 
are  Erskine  and  Sheridan;  next  the  latter  is  Home  Tooke.  Behind,  and 
forming  the  apex  of  the  pile,  are  the  head  of  ( ?)  Grey"^  in  profile  to  the  1. 
and  the  handsome  head  of  ( ?)  Bedford.  In  the  background  are  clouds,  and 
below  (r.)  the  top  of  a  hill.  The  title  continues:  this  is  the  "Something 
which  must  be  done  \  "and  that  quickly  too!  to  save  the  Country  from  destruc- 
tion— Vide  Sentiments  [toasts]  of  Whig  Club  Febv  14^^  lygj —  Cf.  No.  8996. 
Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  218-19.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  162.  Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  253. 
i3X9|in. 

8987  THE      REPUBLICAN-HERCULES      DEFENDING      HIS 
COUNTRY. 

J'  Gy  inv.  &  f. 

Pu¥  Feby  jp'*  lygy  by  H  Humphrey  Bond  Street 

Engraving.  Fox  as  a  colossal  Hercules,  hairy  and  savage,  bestrides  the 
English  Channel,  supporting  between  the  toes  of  his  r.  foot  the  flag  of 
Libertas ;  his  1.  foot  is  planted  near  a  castle  on  a  cliff  flying  the  Union  Jack. 
He  wears  a  fox's  skin  over  his  shoulders,  the  head  forming  a  cap,  with  a 
ragged  coat  and  breeches.  His  arms  and  legs  are  bare ;  the  large  brush  of 
his  fox's  skin  almost  sweeps  the  Channel.  He  flourishes  his  Whig-Club 
(cf.  No.  8996)  above  his  head,  saying.  Invade  the  Country,  hay? — let  them 
come, — thats  all! — Zounds,  where  are  they? — /  wish  I  could  see  ^em  here, 
thats  all! — ay!  ay!  only  let  them  come, — that's  all!!!  The  channel  is  filled 
with  a  fleet  of  men-of-war  with  ship's  boats  in  the  foreground,  all  making 
from  France  to  England,  and  drawn  by  strings  which  Fox  holds  in  his  1. 
hand. 

While  asserting  his  disbelief  in  the  danger  of  invasion  and  his  opposition 
to  Pitt's  defence  measures  (see  No.  8836,  &c.),  Fox  had  said :  'I  agree  with 
him  in  calling  upon  the  people  to  resist  an  invasion  on  the  part  of  France 
...  be  vigilant  against  the  French ;  be  vigilant  also  against  the  minister  of 
this  country . . . .'  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  1238.  Debate  on  the  Militia  Augmenta- 
tion Bill,  31  Oct.  1796.  For  Fox  as  Hercules  cf.  No.  9375. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  219.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  163.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
i3fX9|in. 

^  Incorrectly  identified  in  Wright  and  Evans  as  Wilkes.  It  is  possible  that  the 
head  here  identified  as  Grey  is  Byng,  and  that  identified  as  Bedford  is  Grey. 

335 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 
/^ 

8988  THE  ROYAL  J^f^SEY!! 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Published  by  SW  Fores  50,  Piccadilly.  February  22,  lygj. — 
NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  H.L.  portrait  of  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
in  profile  to  the  r.,  wearing  a  wig  which  simulates  short  and  tousled  natural 
hair,  falling  on  his  forehead  and  coat-collar.  A  casual  parting  shows  the 
back  of  his  neck,  on  which  are  insects.  His  arms  are  folded  and  he  clasps 
under  his  r.  arm  a  rolled  document :  Thoughts  on  a  Restricted  Regency  (see 
No.  7488,  &c.).  Above  the  design:  A  Sketch  for  a  VICE-royff 

Jazey  was  a  slang  term  for  a  bob-wig.  Grose,  Diet.  Vulgar  Tongue,  1796. 
According  to  the  True  Briton,  7  Feb.  1797,  the  Prince  had  recently 
appeared  in  'a  brown  bob',  but  had  not  cut  off  his  hair:  'He  only  wears 
the  wig  when  he  rides  to  keep  his  head  warm,  his  hair  having  become  a 
little  thin  before.'  The  title  also  indicates  the  liaison  with  Lady  Jersey, 
now  ended,  cf.  No.  8983.  For  the  wig,  cf.  No.  9313. 
i2fX9f  in. 

8989  THE  CRYER,  ALIAS  THE  BELL  WEATHER 
IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Published  by  S  W  Fores  50,  Piccadilly,  February  24.  lygy. — 

Folios  of  Carecatures  lent  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  stands  full-face,  looking  to  the  r. 
and  holding  in  both  hands  a  newspaper:  Daily  Advertiser.  In  his  r.  hand 
is  a  bell,  mouth  upwards,  and  he  wears  the  gold-laced  hat  of  a  bellman, 
cf.  No.  8530.  Beneath  the  title:  Oyes!  Oyes!  Oyesf  Wanted  for  a  Man  who 
has  long  been  endeavouring  to  serve  his  Country,  alias  himself,  A  Place  either 
in  the  Treasury,  Exchecquer,  Bank,  Customs,  Excise,  Pay  office  Victualing 
office,  India  board,  S^  James's,  or  in  any  Situation  under  Government,  except 
the  Army,  can  make  himself  Usefull  upon  all  Occasions  &  is  willing  &  ready 
to  turn  his  hand  to  any  thing;  he  can  play  on  two  Instruments  at  once.  Calcu- 
late all  chances,  &  is  thoroughly  conversant  with  Vulgar  Fractions.  NB  the 
reason  of  his  leaving  his  last  place  was  an  Unlucky  Oversight  in  an  India 

Bill  [see  No.  6283].  direct  to  O P N  at  ikf^  Armstrongs  Queens 

Place,  Bedford  Row.   An  imitation  of  No.  8981. 
I2|x8|in. 

8990  BANK-NOTES,— PAPER-MONEY,— FRENCH-ALARMISTS, 
— O,  THE  DEVIL,  THE  DEVIL!— AH!  POOR  JOHN-BULL!!! 

J*  Gy  inv  etfed 

Pub  March  r^  1797-  by  H.  Humphrey  New-Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.)  as  a  bank-clerk,  very  thin  and 
much  caricatured,  a  pen  thrust  through  his  wig,  stands  behind  an  L-shaped 
counter  offering  a  handful  of  bank-notes  to  John  Bull.  In  his  r.  hand  is 
a  scoop  with  which  he  sweeps  up  notes  from  the  counter.  John  is  the  yokel 
of  No.  8141,  but  no  longer  bewildered;  he  stands  stolidly,  holding  out  his 
1,  hand  for  the  notes,  his  r.  hand  in  his  coat  pocket.  Fox  (r.),  who  wears 
a  high  cocked  hat  with  tricolour  cockade,  bag-wig,  and  laced  suit,  says  to 
him :  Dont  take  his  damn'd  Paper,  John!  insist  upon  having  Gold,  to  make 
your  Peace  with  the  French,  when  they  come.  Sheridan  bends  towards  John, 

336 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

saying,  Dont  take  his  Notes!  nobody  takes  Notes  now! — they'll  not  even  take 
Mine!  John  answers:  /  wool  take  it! — a'  may  as  well  let  my  Measter  Billy 
hold  the  Gold  to  keep  away  you  Frenchmen,  as  save  it,  to  gee  it  you,  when 
ye  come  over,  with  your  damned  invasion.  Behind  (r.)  hands  of  other  Foxites 
are  raised  in  warning,  and  on  the  extreme  r.  is  the  profile  of  Stanhope. 

Behind  (1.),  men  hasten  towards  Pitt  with  large  sacks  of  notes  on  their 
heads.  The  first  two,  in  judge's  robes,  are  Loughborough  with  a  sack  of 
20  Shilling  Notes,  and  Kenyon  with  one  of  Five  Pound  Notes.  Behind  is 
Grenville  with  a  sack  of  lo  Shilling  Notes.  Other  sacks  whose  bearers  are 
hidden  are  inscribed  5  Shilling  A^o[to],  2  Shillin  No{tes\,  and  One  Shilling. 
Under  Pitt's  counter  is  a  row  of  large  sacks  of  gold,  padlocked  an4 
inscribed  £.  On  the  end  of  the  counter,  facing  the  spectator,  is  posted  a 
bill  headed :  Order  of  Council  to  the  Bank  of  England. 

On  Sunday,  26  Feb.  1797,  owing  to  the  continued  drain  of  gold  and  to 
a  run  on  the  Bank  (due  to  the  landing  in  Wales,  see  No.  8992),  an  Order 
in  Council  was  issued  for  the  Bank  to  refuse  cash  payments  pending  further 
orders  by  Parliament.  There  was  then  no  legal -tender  paper:  Bank  of 
England  notes  of  ;^io  and  over  circulated  freely:  outside  London  notes  of 
^5  and  upwards  were  issued  by  private  banks.  On  27  Feb.  a  reassuring 
statement  was  issued  by  the  Directors,  and  the  Lord  Mayor  presided  at  an 
influential  meeting  which  decided  to  accept  paper  to  any  amount.  On  the 
same  day  Fox  called  the  measure  *a  scheme  which  no  man  could  think  of 
without  shuddering',  Pari.  Hist.  xxii.  1519,  and  Sheridan  (28  Feb.)  'repro- 
bated the  transaction  as  a  step  to  associate  the  bankrupt  government  with 
the  solvent  bank',  ibid.,  p.  1546.  Fox  considered  it  bankruptcy  and  dated 
a  letter  to  Lord  Holland  'the  first  day  of  our  national  bankruptcy'.  Memoirs 
of  the  Whig  Party,  1832,  i.  84.  Cf.  Sir  J.  Mitford's  opinion:  'Fox  often 
commits  himself  in  the  House  ...  by  speaking  decidedly  on  subjects  on 
which  he  has  not  informed  himself.  He  did  so  on  the  Bank  business  and 
has  since  [20  Mar.]  been  obliged  to  concede.'  Farington,  Diary,  i.  201. 
There  was  a  series  of  heated  debates,  and  the  issue  of  ^^i  and  £2  notes  was 
authorized.  See  Ann.  Reg.,  1797,  chaps,  vi,  vii.  An  Act  to  allow  the  issue 
of  notes  down  to  ;^i  was  passed  on  30  Apr.,  and  the  Order  in  Council 
was  confirmed  by  the  Bank  Restriction  Act  on  3  May,  to  continue  till 
24  June,  but  repeatedly  extended.  The  position  is  lucidly  explained,  and 
compared  with  that  of  Aug.  1914,  by  E.  Cannan,  The  Paper  Pound  of 
iygy-1821,  1919.  See  also  Nos.  8994,  8995,  8998,  9016,  9017,  9046, 
9281,  9287. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  219.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  165.     Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9|Xi3iin. 

8990  A  A  copy,  y^  G^  int^,  faces  p.  i  in  Caricatures  of  Gillray 
Sh^^  in.  With  border,  6|x8|  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

8991  ST  GEORGE'S  VOLUNTEERS  CHARGING  DOWN  BOND 
STREET,  AFTER  CLEARING  THE  RING  IN  HYDE  PARK,  & 
STORMING  THE  DUNGHILL  AT  MARYBONE. 

f  Gy  inif  &  fee' 

Pu¥  March  r'  1797^  by  H  Humphrey  Bond  Street 

Engraving    (coloured   impression).     Three    grotesque    and    ill-matched 

soldiers  charge  rapidly  and  fiercely  down  the  pavement.   Their  bayonets 

337  z 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

threaten  three  women  who  flee  in  terror,  only  legs,  petticoats,  and  an 
upraised  arm  being  visible  on  the  extreme  r.  One  soldier,  very  thin  and 
ragged,  wears  a  busby,  the  next,  who  is  fat,  wears  a  huge  cocked  hat  with 
a  damaged  brim,  the  third,  who  is  small,  wears  a  peaked  helmet  with  a 
spiky  plume.  The  uniform  coats  with  epaulettes  are  worn  over  frilled 
shirts  and  ragged  breeches.  Behind  the  three  march  others  of  the  com- 
pany, wearing  busbies,  and  holding  their  muskets  against  their  shoulders. 
In  the  background  shop-windows  are  freely  sketched.  In  the  title  'down 
Bond  Street'  has  been  etched  above  the  French,  made  conspicuous  by  being 
scored  through. 

Of  the  many  Volunteer  corps  raised  in  London  from  1794,  the  first  were 
the  five  Associated  Companies  of  St.  George's,  Hanover  Square,  formed 
in  anticipation  of  the  Act  passed  in  April  1794.  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the 
British  Army,  iv.  i,  pp.  217-18.  Cf.  No.  8476.  A  light-infantryman  of  the 
corps  is  No.  9  in  Rowlandson's  plates  of  Volunteer  Uniforms,  wearing  a 
helmet  resembling  that  of  the  third  volunteer;  No.  11,  a  St.  George's 
Volunteer,  wears  a  cocked  hat,  burlesqued  in  this  print.  Said,  1830,  to 
satirize  the  'well-known  Captain  Foster  the  indefatigable  adjutant'  of  the 
corps.  Illustrative  Description,  p.  57.  Cf.  Nos.  5551,  5552,  on  the  so-called 
Westminster  Volunteers,  1779,  when  England  was  in  danger  of  invasion. 
See  also  No.  8993. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  221.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  183.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9|xi3|in. 

8992  THE  TABLE'S  TURN'D. 

fQyd.&f. 

Pu¥  March  4^  1797-  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  design  in  two  compartments,  [i] 
Billy,  in  the  Devil's  claws.  Fox  as  the  Devil  (1.)  grasps  the  thin  and  terrified 
Pitt  round  the  waist,  pointing  with  his  1.  arm  to  a  serried  rank  of  French 
soldiers,  landed  from  the  boats  of  French  men-of-war  and  marching  up 
the  steep  coast.  He  is  a  grotesque  hairy  creature,  short  and  heavy,  with 
webbed  wings  attached  to  his  ragged  coat,  a  barbed  tail  and  talons,  and 
wearing  a  bonnet-rouge.  He  says,  turning  a  glaring  eye-ball  on  Pitt: 
Ha!  Traitor! — there's  the  French  landed  in  Wales!  zvhat  d'ye  think  of  that. 
Traitor? 

[2]  Billy,  sending  the  Devil  packing.  Pitt  kneels  on  one  knee  in  profile 
to  the  r.,  holding  up  a  paper:  Gazette  Defeat  of  the  Spanish  Fleet;  by  Sir 
John  Jarvis.  He  looks  up  at  Fox  with  a  contemptuous  gesture  and  a  subtly 
triumphant  smile,  saying:  Ha!  M*"  Devil! — we've  Beat  the  Spanish  Fleet 
what  d'ye  think  of  that  M^  Devil?  Fox  springs  upwards  with  a  terrified 
expression,  his  hands  held  up  as  if  asking  for  mercy,  his  cap  falls  off  and 
his  tail  is  between  his  legs.  On  the  r.  is  the  sea,  with  a  naval  battle  in 
progress. 

News  of  the  landing  of  Col.  Tate  and  his  band  of  ruffians  in  Wales 
reached  London  on  Sat.,  25  Feb.,  and  on  the  following  day  of  the  surrender, 
a  Gazette  Extraordinary  being  issued  on  both  days,  and  again  on  the  27th. 
See  No.  9106.  News  of  Jervis's  victory  reached  London  on  3  Mar. 
Dundas  moved  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Jervis  on  3  Mar.  which  Fox  seconded, 
Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  1-5.  Glenbervie  notes  (4  Mar.)  that  the  'glorious 
news  .  .  .  occasioned  a  great  flatness  on  the  Opposition  side  of  the  debate 

338 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

last  night  on  M''  Whitbread's  motion  for  an  enquiry  into  the  conduct  of 
Administration  relating  to  the  defence  of  Ireland  ,  .  .'.  Diaries  of  Sylvester 
Douglas,  1928,  i.  1 30-1.  For  the  battle  of  Cape  St.  Vincent  see  Mahan, 
Influence  of  Sea  Power  upon  the  French  Revolution,  i.  220  ff.  ',Navy  Records 
Soc,  Spencer  Papers,  i.  339-59;  ii.  93-7.  For  the  attitude  of  Fox  to  war 
news  cf.  No.  9248,  &c.   Cf.  also  No.  8366,  &c. 

Broadley,  i.  10 1. 
9ixi3iin. 

8992  A  A  copy  (second  sub-title,  Billy  Sendindng  the  Devil  packing)  faces 
p.  57  in  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 

5fgX7|in.  With  border,  6i^gX8|  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

8993  THE  LEADENHALL  VOLUNTEER,  DREST  IN  HIS  SHAWL. 
[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  March  8^^  1797-  by  H,  Humphrey  Bond  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  volunteer,  full-face,  stands  at  atten- 
tion, holding  a  musket.  He  wears  a  grenadier's  cap  with  the  letters  E.I.C  in 
place  of  'G.R',  and  further  decorated  with  a  tea-pot.  Round  his  shoulders 
is  knotted  a  small  flowered  shawl.  The  fingers  of  his  1.  hand  are  spread 
to  display  a  large  ring  on  the  fourth  finger.  He  wears  gaiters  drawn  above 
the  knee.  He  stands  on  a  grassy  mound ;  from  the  r.  margin  projects  the 
head  of  an  elephant  with  raised  trunk.  In  the  background  is  a  town  with 
domes  and  spires,  inscribed  Golconda.  Two  tiny  figures  carry  a  palanquin 
down  a  hill. 

Among  the  many  volunteer  companies,  formed  in  London  from  1794, 
cf.  No.  8991,  was  that  of  the  East  India  Company.  An  officer  of  the  E.I.C. 
Volunteers  is  No.  24  in  Rowlandson's  plates  of  London  Volunteer  uniforms 
published  by  Ackermann,  1798-9.  By  1800  there  were  three  companies 
of  East  India  Volunteers,  cf.  No.  9582. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  221. 
6fX5fin. 

8994  BILLY  A  COCK-HORSE  OR  THE  MODERN  COLOSSUS 
AMUSING  HIMSELF 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub.  Mar.  8.  1797.  by  S.  W.  ForeSy  N"  50  Piccadilly,  corner  of 
Sackville  S^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  imitation  of  No.  8980  adapted  to  the 
currency  crisis.  Pitt  bestrides  the  Speaker's  chair  on  which  is  a  saddle, 
he  wears  top-boots  in  place  of  shoes,  and  looks  down  at  the  Opposition  (r.) 
instead  of  at  his  own  supporters.  Instead  of  bulging  coat-pockets,  saddle- 
bags are  strapped  to  a  belt  round  his  waist;  one  (1.)  is  Resources  for  Prose- 
cuting the  War;  from  it  hang  strips  of  paper:  20^  British  Assignats  |  40*  Do  j 
JO*  D°  I  5*  Z)"  I  2.6.  D°.  Rolled  documents  also  project  from  it:  5'  Georges 
Volunteers  [see  No.  8991];  Yeomanry  Ferwibles;  Supplementary  Cavalry, 
Supplementary  Militia  [see  Nos.  8841,  8977].  On  the  other  bag.  Remains 
of  the  Gold  &  Silver  Coin,  Pitt  arrogantly  rests  his  1.  hand.  With  the  spur 
on  his  1.  top-boot  he  gashes  Fox,  so  that  a  stream  of  blood  pours  from  his 
side ;  he  and  the  other  leaders  of  the  Opposition  are  terrified,  as  in  No.  8980. 
Among  them  only  Sheridan  and  Erskine  can  be  identified.  Pitt's  r.  boot 
is  not  spurred ;  beside  and  behind  it  are  the  ranks  of  the  Ministerialists, 

339 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

kneeling  in  alarmed  and  bewildered  supplication.  Only  Dundas  (in  High- 
land dress),  with  Wilberforce  next  him,  can  be  identified.  The  Speaker 
looks  straight  before  him,  holding  up  both  hands;  the  clerks  write,  each 
turning  (1.  or  r.)  towards  the  group  of  members  next  him.  Pitt  is  even  more 
arrogant  than  in  No.  8980,  and  behind  him  is  a  gothic  moulding  which 
frames  his  head. 

For  the  Bank  crisis  see  No.  8990,  &c.  The  Opposition  prophesied  that 
English  paper  money  would  fall  as  low  as  assignats.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  1537, 
1538  (28  Feb.).  A  satire  also  on  the  levies  of  militia,  volunteers,  &c.,  for 
national  defence  (see  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army,  iv.  217  f.,  893-5), 
though  probably  not  for  their  confusion  and  inadequacy,  but  for  their  sup- 
posed despotic  character,  cf.  No.  8836,  &c. 
io|x8i^8  in. 

8995  MIDAS,  TRANSMUTING  ALL,  INTO  PAPER.' 

f  Gvinv  &f 

Pu¥  March  9'*.  J797.  hy  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  a  colossal  figure  (cf.  No.  8980), 
bestrides  the  Rotunda  of  the  Bank  of  England.  His  arms  and  legs  are  very 
thin,  but  his  body  is  formed  of  a  (transparent)  sack  distended  with  gold 
coins  and  inscribed  £^.  His  elbows  are  akimbo,  his  hands  grasp  the  sides 
of  the  sack ;  from  the  little  finger  of  his  1.  hand  hangs  a  key.  Key  of  Public 
Property.  Round  the  mouth  of  the  sack  is  a  heavy  chain  clasped  by  a 
padlock  inscribed  Power  of  securing  Public  Credit.  From  the  sack  emerges 
the  pipe-like  neck  down  which  coins  are  passing.  Pitt  looks  arrogantly  to 
the  r.,  a  blast  issues  from  his  closed  lips  of  many  paper  notes  inscribed  one. 
Near  his  mouth  are  a  few  gold  coins  which  he  is  presumably  inhaling.  He 
wears  a  crown  formed  of  one  pound  notes;  through  it  project  his  ass's 
ears.  The  near  side  of  the  Rotunda  is  removed,  showing  a  descending 
shower  of  paper  and  an  ascending  cluster  of  coins  which  are  being  drawn 
upwards  to  join  those  in  the  sack.  Little  figures  in  and  around  the  rotunda, 
under  Pitt's  legs,  hold  up  their  hands  in  dismay  at  the  shower  of  ^^i  notes. 
Among  them  is  a  John  Bull  wearing  a  smock.  Two  men  hold  papers 
inscribed  Dividend;  a  Jew  walks  off  (1.)  with  Scrip. 

On  the  1.,  behind  Pitt's  r.  foot,  is  the  sea-shore;  large  reeds  at  its  edge 
blow  towards  him;  among  these  are  five  heads  wearing  bonnets-rouges, 
each  with  a  label  issuing  from  his  mouth :  Midas  has  Ears.  They  are  Fox, 
Sheridan,  Erskine,  M.  A.  Taylor,  and  ( ?)  Grey.  They  diminish  in  size 
from  Fox  to  Taylor.  Across  the  sea  is  Brest,  from  which  a  fleet  is  setting 
out.  Behind  it  are  black  clouds,  and  an  explosion  rises  from  them  in  which 
are  swarms  of  tiny  figures  holding  daggers  and  wearing  bonnets-rouges. 
This  spreads  behind  Pitt's  head  who  appears  unconscious  of  it.  He  looks 
down  towards  three  almost  naked  winged  figures:  Grenville  (1.)  and 
Dundas  (r.)  hold  up  between  them  a  scroll:  Prosperous  state  of  British 
Finances.  &  the  new  Plan  for  diminishing  the  National  Debt — with  Hints  on 
the  increase  of  Commerce.  Between  and  above  them  is  Windham,  Secretary- 
at-War,  a  pen  behind  his  ear.  He  waves  his  cocked  hat,  Grenville  his 
coronet,  and  Dundas  his  Scots  cap.  Beneath  the  title:  History  of  Midas, — 
The  great  Midas  having  dedicated  himself  to  Bacchus  [cf.  No.  8651],  obtained 
from  that  Deity,  the  Power  of  changing  all  he  Touched — Apollo  fixed  Asses- 
Ears  upon  his  head,  for  his  Ignorance — &  although  he  tried  to  hide  his  disgrace 

*  Replacing  the  word  'Gold',  scored  through. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1797 

with  a  Regal  Cap,  yet  the  very  Sedges  which  grew  from  the  Mud  of  the 
Pactolus,  whisper'd  out  his  Infamy,  whenever  they  were  agitated  by  the  Wind 
from  the  opposite  Shore — Vide  Ovid's  Metamorposes. 

A  double-edged  satire  on  Pitt  for  the  stoppage  of  gold  payments,  see 
No.  8990,  &c.,  and  on  the  Opposition  as  factious  and  Jacobinical  (cf. 
No.  8691).  Pitt  said,  28  Feb.:  'The  sudden  drain  .  .  .  was  unconnected 
with  any  circumstance  which  could  infer  either  the  deficiency  of  the  Bank, 
or  the  unprosperous  situation  of  the  country.  The  rate  of  foreign  exchanges 
never  were  more  flourishing.  .  .  .'  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  1543  f. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  220.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  168.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
i2|X9|  i"' 

8996  THE  PEOPLE'S  FAVOURITE  FOX. 

Drawn  EtcKd  &  Pu¥  March.  lof^  17 97-  by  Dighton.  Chars  Cross. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  sleek  and  handsome  fox  with  a 
magnificent  brush  and  the  head  of  Fox  (not  caricatured)  stands  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  looking  at  a  winged  caterpillar  (cf.  No.  8676)  with  the  head  of 
Pitt.  Pitt's  small  sharp  profile  looks  down  at  Fox,  saying,  poor  Fox.  Above 
the  latter's  head  is  etched  /  Hate  Pit — y.  Fox  tramples  on  two  papers: 
Oppressive  Power  and  bribery  &  Corruption.  In  front  of  him  is  a  large  bag: 
Crums  I  of  \  Comfort  \  The  Love  of  my  |  Constituents.  From  it  emerges 
papers:  List  of  the  Whig  Club. 

Fox  wrote  to  Lord  Holland  in  1796,  'unless  the  people  are  prepared  to 
be  completely  hostile  to  Pitt,  I  have  no  desire  for  popularity  with  such  a 
people  .  .  .  because  such  popularity  could  neither  be  useful  to  the  public 
nor  gratifying  to  myself.  Memorials  and  Corr.  iii.  134.  The  Whig  Club 
was  essentially  a  body  of  Fox's  supporters,  its  chief  anniversaries  being  the 
return  of  Fox  for  Westminster  in  1780  and  Fox's  birthday.  Cf.  No.  8987. 
7^X5!  in. 

8996  A  An  altered  copy  is  pi.  N"  IHI  to  London  und  Paris,  v.  1800, 
described  pp.  15 1-7.  A  thatched  shed  or  kennel  (Fuchshiitte,  interpreted 
as  'St.  Ann's  Hill?')  has  been  added  behind  Fox;  over  the  door,  filling  the 
upper  r.  corner  of  the  print  and  in  the  form  of  a  paper  placard,  is  a  copy 
of  No.  8625,  also  by  Dighton.  In  the  upper  1.  corner  of  the  design  the  head 
of  the  King  has  been  added,  the  centre  of  rays  which  extend  to  the  cater- 
pillar (Pitt).  Inscriptions  are  as  in  the  originals;  no  apostrophe  in  title. 
For  the  combination  of  two  plates  cf.  (e.g.)  No.  9362. 

6ix8fin.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

8997  BUONAPARTE  AT  ROME  GIVING  AUDIENCE  IN  STATE 
/C*   [Cruikshank.] 

London    Published  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly.  March.  12,  1797 
NB  Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Bonaparte  sits  in  state 
on  a  small  dais  (r.)  receiving  homage  from  the  Pope  who  is  followed  by 
cardinals.  He  wears  a  large  tattered  cocked  hat  riddled  by  bullets,  close- 
fitting  and  dilapidated  uniform,  with  spurred  half-boots.  He  leans  back 
with  folded  arms,  putting  his  r.  foot  on  the  Pope's  forehead  and  dislodging 
his  triple  crown ;  a  talon-like  toe  protrudes  through  a  hole  in  the  boot.  The 

341 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

aged  Pope  lays  the  keys  of  St.  Peter  at  the  feet  of  the  conqueror,  who  says, 
/  say,  remember  to  take  off  your  Hat  when  you  wait  on  a  GemmanH!  There 
kiss  that  you  f outre.  His  1.  foot  rests  on  a  cushion.  Behind  the  Pope  stands 
a  cardinal,  holding  Mary  Magdalene's  Cracked  Pitcher.  A  grinning  French 
soldier  with  a  drawn  sword  drives  him  forward  with  a  kick  from  a  bare  leg. 
On  the  extreme  1.  a  cardinal  crouches,  holding  out  V**  Marys  Peticoat.  The 
procession  towards  Bonaparte  terminates  in  the  figures  of  saints  and  a 
crucifix  carried  high.  A  grinning  French  grenadier,  without  breeches, 
stands  behind  Bonaparte's  chair,  urinating  into  a  receptacle  for  Holy  Water. 

There  were  reports  in  February  1797  that  Bonaparte  was  in  Rome;  he 
entered  Ancona,  5  Feb.,  and  demanded  a  plenipotentiary  from  Rome.  See 
Sorel,  L' Europe  et  la  Rev.  fr.,  v.  147-9.  The  humiliating  terms  of  the 
Treaty  of  Tolentino  (19  Feb.)  were  anticipated  [Lond.  Chron.,  13  Mar. 
1797)  and  published  in  full  on  30  Mar.  See  Seche,  Pie  VI  et  le  Directoire, 
1894,  and  two  French  satirical  prints  against  the  Pope  (Dayot,  Rev.  fr., 
pp.  386,  388).  The  first  appearance  of  Bonaparte  in  these  satires;  the 
head,  though  caricatured,  is  evidently  based  on  a  portrait. 

Reproduced,  Broadley,  i.  94. 
10X14J  in. 

8998  THE  NEW  PAPER  MILL  OR  MR  BULL  GROUND  INTO 
20  SHILLING  NOTES! 

Des.  and  Etch'd  by  R^  N" 

London  Pub  by  R  Newton  No  13  Brydge  St  Covent  Garden  March  12 

1797 
Engraving.  Pitt  (1.),  grotesquely  caricatured,  turns  the  handle  of  a  mill 
while  John  Bull  in  the  hopper  above  his  head  shrieks  despairingly  O!  my 
poor  tjoife  and  Children!  Murder  Murder!!!  Large  tears  splash  from  his 
eyes.  Pitt  looks  up  at  him,  saying,  Ha  Ha,  Johnny  your  not  half  grown 
down  yet.  The  mill  is  inscribed  By  Royal  Authority.  A  label  (I.)  containing 
the  words  of  an  invisible  speaker  (the  King)  projects  into  the  design :  What! 
What,  what  does  he  cry  out  already  why  hes  not  half  grown  down  yet!  From 
the  spout  of  the  mill  (r.)  notes  pour  out,  inscribed  20  shilling  Notes, 
20  shilling,  or  20.  These  are  For  the  People.  Near  Pitt  is  a  large  sack: 
Specie  for  our  own  use.  Dundas  (r.),  in  Highland  dress,  runs  off  to  the  r. 
with  a  large  sack  of  Specie  for  Wimbledon.  He  says :  Grind  away  Billy! 
my  boy!  I  shall  soon  be  back  for  tother  load!  Grind  away  Billy! 

For  the  stoppage  of  gold  payments  see  No.  8990,  &c.   The  issue  of  ;£i 
and  £2.  notes  was  authorized  by  an  Act  passed  3  Mar.  1797.   Cf.  Nos. 
8654,  9025,  9400  where  Pitt  and  Dundas,  encouraged  by  George  HI, 
exploit  John  Bull. 
9fXi3f  in.  (pi.). 

8999  THE  GENERAL  SENTIMENT. 
R^  New"  des  et  fecit 

Pub  March  22  1797  by  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  is  suspended  by  the  neck  from  an 
irregular  cross-bar  formed  of  a  label  across  the  design  containing  the 
words  May  our  heaven  bom  minister  be  Supported  from  Above.  These 
words  ascend  from  the  mouths  of  Sheridan,  crouching  furtively,  and  Fox, 

34a 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1797 

Standing,  on  the  extreme  1.  and  r.  of  the  design.  Both  wear  bonnets-rouges 
with  tricolour  cockades  and  have  a  conspiratorial  air.  Pitt's  arms  and  legs 
are  extended  like  those  of  a  puppet ;  his  head  is  turned  in  profile  to  the 
1.,  a  cap  is  drawn  over  his  eyes. 

Cf.  No.  901 1.  The  formula  is  that  of  a  'sentiment',  i.e.  a  toast  (for  its 
double  meaning  cf.  Sheridan's  toast,  'The  Duke  of  York  and  his  brave 
followers',  the  French).  Farington  heard  Gale  Jones  speak  'with  great 
inveteracy  against  Pitt,  and  of  his  being  brought  to  publick  execution',  at 
a  London  Corresponding  Society  mass  meeting,  7  Dec.  1796.  Diary y 
i.  119. 
I2fx8}|in. 

9000  THE  INS  AND  THE  OUTS  OR  THE  JESUITS  TREAT- 
MENT OF  HIS  FRIENDS. 

Rd  New""  des  et  fecit 

London  Pub  by  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly  March  25  lygy 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  burlesque  of  Gillray's  Malagrida, 
driving  post  (No.  8069),  the  action  being  more  violent.  Lansdowne's  coach 
(1.)  is  driven  by  a  French  ragamuffin,  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge  and  tricolour 
cockade,  who  lashes  the  galloping  horses  with  revolutionary  fury.  Lans- 
downe,  sly  and  sleek  in  his  peer's  robes,  leans  from  the  window  raising  a 
threatening  fist,  to  say:  Drive  you  dog!  Vite,  Vite,  I  shall  be  too  late,  he'll 
alter  his  mind  get  away  you  Fellows  you  clog  the  Wheels  charity  begins  at 
home.  Fox  lies  prostrate  under  the  wheels,  shouting  despairingly,  Stop! 
I  say  Stop  &  take  me  with  you!  Sheridan  runs  beside  the  hind-wheel, 
saying.  What  leave  me  behind,  ha.  your  old  Acquaintance.  The  beehive  crest 
on  the  coach-door  is  surrounded,  not  with  bees,  but  with  winged  cherubic 
heads,  each  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge  with  a  cockade.  Pitt's  coach  (on  a 
larger  scale  than  in  No.  8069)  gallops  from  the  gateway  of  St.  James's 
Palace;  Dundas  drops  reins  and  whip  at  the  sight  of  the  dove  with  an 
olive-branch  flying  towards  the  Palace.  Pitt  leans  out  in  exaggerated  terror. 
From  a  small  window  over  the  gateway  the  King's  agitated  profile  emerges, 
saying  to  Pitt:  What!  What.  What,  are  you  off. 

Probably  inspired  by  the  Address  by  the  Livery  to  the  King  praying 
him  to  dismiss  his  ministers  as  a  step  to  obtaining  peace,  see  No.  9001. 
The  driver  resembles  Stanhope,  cf.  No.  8448. 
8fxi6iin. 

9001  RETORT    COURTEOUS   OR  THE   DISLOYAL  ADDRESS 
RETURNED  WITHOUT  CEREMONY 

R^  New''  del  et  fecit 

London  Pub  by  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly  March  27  lygy 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of  Portland  kicks  two  sheriffs 

down  a  short  flight  of  stone  steps.    One  (r.)  lands  on  his  hands  at  the 

bottom  of  the  stairs,  the  other  receives  a  kick  on  his  posteriors  and  is  about 

to  fall,  dropping  a  large  scroll :  Address  from  the  faithless  citizens ;  his  wig 

flies  from  his  head.    Both  wear  heavy  civic  chains  and  are  grotesquely 

caricatured.  Portland  stands  on  a  landing  inscribed  Portland  Stone.  Under 

this  is  an  archway  filled  by  the  head  and  shoulders  of  Fox,  wearing  a 

bonnet-rouge  and  scowling  up  at  Portland ;  he  says :  Damn he  wont 

take  it  in.  Portland,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  with  clenched  fists,  scarcely  carica- 
tured, says :  get  hence  ye  Disaffected  few  nor  dare  insult  the  face  of  Majesty 

343 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

with  such  an  Opposition  trick.  Pitt's  head  in  profile,  caricatured,  and  on 
an  elongated  neck,  emerges  from  a  door  behind  Portland,  saying.  No.  No. 
it  wont  do,  it  wont  do,  he  wont  Brook  it!!! 

An  address  to  the  King,  praying  him  to  dismiss  his  ministers  as  the  first 
step  towards  obtaining  peace,  was  voted  by  the  Livery  in  Common  Hall 
(the  most  democratic  body  of  the  City  constitution)  on  23  Mar.  The 
SheriflFs  went  in  state  to  St.  James's  next  day  to  ask  when  the  King  would 
receive  it.  They  were  not  admitted  as  usual,  the  King  sending  out  a 
message  by  the  Duke  of  Portland  that  he  received  addresses  only  from 
the  Corporation  of  London.  Lond.  Chron.,  24  and  25  Mar.  Loyal 
Addresses  from  the  Corporation  had  been  presented  on  12  Jan.  and  8  Feb. 
See  R.  R.  Sharpe,  Lotidon  and  the  Kingdom,  iii.  231,  and  cf.  Nos.  9000, 
9010. 
9x13!  in. 

9002  AYEZ  PITl£  DE  NOUS!! 

APSc. 

Pu¥  as  the  Act  directs  April  j^'  1797  hy  the  Kings  Friend 

Engraving.  Probably  from  a  book.  A  skeleton  with  a  grinning  profile 
resembling  that  of  Pitt  stands  between  two  pillars  of  the  constitution.  Lords 
and  Commons,  which  he  grasps  and  breaks.  His  pelvis  is  placarded  Curse 
of  God.  One  foot  tramples  on  a  paper  inscribed  Confidence,  the  other  on 
a  map  oi  Europe  beneath  which  are  three  feathers  ( ?  of  the  Prince  of  Wales). 
The  keystone  above  it  is  inscribed  Constitution ;  it  supports  the  royal  arms, 
which  are  falling,  the  fleur-de-lis  quartering  being  covered  by  a  spider's 
web.  The  crown  falls,  the  two  supporters  leave  their  place:  the  Lion 
descends  upon  the  1.  pillar,  snarling  angrily,  the  Unicom  springs  into  the 
air.  Large  stone  blocks  fall:  (1.)  Law,  Red  Book,  Truth,  and  (r.)  Civil  List, 
Religion,  Trial  by  Jury,  Habeas  Corpus  [see  No.  8620],  Right  of  Petition^ 
Freedom  of  Speech  [see  No.  8687,  &c.]. 

The  base  of  the  'Commons'  pillar  is  Hon[our],  that  of  the  'Lords'  is 
Vanity ;  an  ape  wearing  a  coronet  sits  upon  it ;  mushrooms  grow  beside  it 
(cf.  No.  7936).  On  the  1.  is  Britannia,  weeping,  a  yoke  on  her  shoulders, 
her  sword  reversed.  Behind  her  is  a  gibbet  from  which  hang  two  figures 
symbolizing  Liberty  and  Truth.  In  the  foreground  (1.)  is  a  trap  containing 
rats  and  inscribed:  Ci  devant  Whigs  (cf.  No.  6431).  An  eagle  advances 
towards  it  holding  in  its  beak  a  bag:  Imper[ial]  Loan.  On  the  r.  is  a  tomb- 
stone: Here  Lie  100.000.  brave  Sailors  and  Soldiers  kilVd  off-,  above  are 
cross-bones  and  a  fool's  cap.   Near  it  is  a  flat  stone  inscribed  America. 

In  the  background  is  the  dome  of  a  church  (r.)  and  a  wall  resembling 
that  of  a  cemetery.  Before  it  a  file  of  Guards  fire  point-blank  at  unarmed 
fugitives.  An  eye  set  in  a  triangle  watches  with  displeasure  from  behind 
dark  clouds,  from  which  descend  flashes  of  lightning.  Above  the  design  is 

the  date  1797.    Beneath  the  title: The  cloud  capt  Towers  &c.    The 

first  three  letters  of  'Pitie'  in  the  title  are  in  large  capitals  to  indicate  Pitt. 

A  reversion  to  the  manner  of  the  emblematic  print  of  an  earlier  date, 
cf.  No.  4179  (1767),  in  which  Bute  pulls  down  the  pillars  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, reissued  1773  with  Bute  altered  to  North,  see  No.  5126.  The  secretly 
remitted  loan  of  j^  1,200,000  to  Austria  in  July  1796  by  Pitt,  in  response 
to  urgent  demands,  was  the  subject  of  a  motion  of  censure  by  Fox  (defeated 
by  285  votes  to  81).  Pari.  Hist,  xxxii.  1297  flF.  (13  Nov.  1796).  On  28  Feb. 

344 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1797 

and  I  Mar.,  after  the  stoppage  of  cash  payments,  attacks  on  Pitt's  finance 
and  government  were  repeated  and  the  minority  rose  to  86,  against  244 
only.  Ibid.,  1524  ff.  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  pp.  304,  309.  This 
export  of  specie  was  said  by  the  Opposition  to  have  caused  the  Bank  crisis, 
see  No.  8990,  &c. 
6  X  4  in. 

9003  Mr  follet  as  the  clown  in  the  pantomime  of 
harlequin  and  oberon 

Des^  and  Etch'd  by  R^  Newton 

London  Pub  by  R  Newton  Bridge  St  Covent  Garden  April  3  1797 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  George  III,  much  caricatured,  sits  in 
a  stage  box  in  profile  to  the  r.,  goggling  delightedly  at  the  clown  who  sits 
on  the  stage  immediately  facing  the  King,  stuffing  the  end  of  a  giant 
( ?)  carrot  into  his  mouth.  Follet  rests  one  foot  on  the  side  of  the  royal 
box  and  stares  at  the  King.  He  wears  a  striped  tunic  with  a  double  frill 
at  his  neck,  breeches,  and  heavily  clocked  stockings ;  on  his  face  are  broad 
black  lines.  The  King  holds  a  telescope  to  his  farther  (invisible)  eye ;  his 
r.  hand  rests  on  a  play-bill  which  hangs  over  the  edge  of  the  box:  By 
Command  of  their  Majesty s  Harlequin  and  Oberon. 

The  pantomime  Harlequin  and  Oberon;  or,  the  Chace  to  Gretna  was  first 
played  at  Covent  Garden  in  1796.   Baker,  Biog.  Dram. 
lafxgin. 


9004  LE  BONNET-ROUGE;— OR— JOHN  BULL  EVADING  THE 
HAT  TAX. 

f  Gy  inv  &  fed- 
Pub  April  5<*  1797 i  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street,  &  S'  James's 
Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull  stands  full-face  on  the 
pavement  outside  a  shop  window,  holding  on  his  head  a  red  cap  trimmed 
with  fur  of  quasi-military,  quasi-libertarian  shape.  He  is  the  yokel  with 
wrinkled  gaiters  of  No.  8141,  &c.,  but  a  tattered  great-coat  is  held  together 
by  a  military  belt.  In  his  1.  hand  is  a  ragged  hat.  He  says,  with  a  broad 
grin:  Wounds,  when  Master  Billy  sees  I  in  a  Red-Cap,  how  he  will  stare! — 
egad;  I  thinks  I  shall  cook  em  at  last. — well  if  I  could  but  once  get  a  Cockade 
to  my  Red  Cap,  &  a  bit  of  a  Gun  — why,  I  thinks  I  should  make  a  good 
stockey  Soldier!  The  shop  is  that  of  Billy -Black- Soul  [Pitt],  Hatter,  & 
Sword-cutler  |  Licenced  to  deal  in  Hats  and  Swords.  Above  the  door  (r.)  are 
the  royal  arms  and  Stamp-Office  (the  tax  on  hats  being  levied  by  a  stamp). 
Within  the  window  are  crossed  swords  and  military  cocked  hats  with  a 
number  of  stamps  bearing  the  royal  arms.  In  the  foreground  (1.)  is  a  pile 
of  dead  cats  with  a  paper:  List  of  Cats  Killed  for  making  skin  caps  20000 
Red  5000  Tabb  .  .  . 

The  hat-duty  dated  from  1784,  cf.  No.  6914.   For  John  Bull  as  soldier 
cf.  No.  8977,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  221-2.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  169.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
13  X  9^  in.  With  border,  14IX  loj  in. 

345 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9005  THE    FRENCH    BUGABO    FRIGHTENING   THE   ROYAL 
COMMANDERS. 

IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London   Published  by  S  W  Fores  No  50  Piccadilly  April  14  lygy 
Folios  of  Caracatures  Lent 

Engraving.  Bonaparte  (1.),  a  grotesque  figure  with  a  large  head,  bestrides 
the  neck  of  a  scaly  monster  which  breathes  out  soldiers  (horse  and  foot), 
guns,  and  demons  in  a  cloud  of  smoke.  The  Archduke  Charles  and  the 
Duke  of  York  (scarcely  caricatured)  run  terrified  from  the  advancing  cloud, 
which  almost  reaches  the  former's  heel.  In  the  background  panic-stricken 
Austrian  troops  are  in  flight.  On  the  extreme  1.  the  Pope  lies  prostrate  under 
the  monster's  body,  his  key  and  crozier  beside  him.  He  says:  Oh  Lord, 
this  Rebel  son  of  mine  pays  me  no  homage  whathever.  Under  the  monster's 
fore-paws  are  a  crown,  orb,  and  broken  sceptre.  Its  rider  is  a  'bugaboo* 
with  gaping  mouth  and  staring  eye-balls.  He  wears  a  bonnet-rouge 
inscribed  Buonaparte  and  says :  Egad  they  run  well  courez  done  Mess'^  Les 
Princes!!!  Isolated  figures  of  Bonaparte's  army  say:  push  on;  keep  moving 
[cf.  No.  9010] ;  Wont  you  stop  and  take  your  change;  vive  la  libertee.  From 
the  upper  r.  corner  of  the  design  the  head  of  Fox,  winged,  but  with  sprout- 
ing horns,  looks  down  smiling  at  the  two  princes,  saying:  Run  Frederick, 
run  Charles.  Mack.  Wurmser,  Kell.  well  done  D'Alvinzi  now  Davidovich. 
'Frederick'  says:  /  wish  I  was  at  York  come  on  Charles  follow  me. 

These  commanders,  the  Duke  of  York  and  Mack  excepted,  were 
defeated  by  Bonaparte  (and  Kellerman,  'Kell')  in  the  Italian  campaign 
of  1796-7.  The  Archduke  Charles  was  in  command  of  the  Austrian 
army,  having  been  withdrawn  from  the  victorious  army  of  the  Rhine 
(where  he  was  succeeded  by  Mack)  to  succeed  Alvintzy,  defeated  at  Rivoli 
(14  Jan.  1797).  Wurmser  surrendered  Mantua  to  the  French  (2  Feb.). 
Davidovitch,  who  had  been  bringing  reinforcements  to  the  Austrians  before 
Arcola(i5-i7  Nov.  1706),  was  forced  to  retreat  into  Tyrol.  The  imperialists 
were  driven  from  Italy  in  Mar.,  the  Archduke  retreated  towards  Vienna, 
followed  by  Bonaparte;  on  7-8  Apr.  he  agreed  to  an  armistice.  Prelimi- 
naries of  peace  were  signed  at  Leoben  on  18  Apr.  See  Nos.  9057,  9058. 

Reproduced,  Broadley,  i.  loi. 
9fxi9iin. 

9006  LE  BAISER  A  LA  WIRTEMBOURG. 

J*  Gy  inv.  &  fecf — ad  vivum — 

Pu¥  April  i^^  1797'  ^y  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street  &  5'  Jamess 
Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wiirtemberg  (r.)  bends 
forward,  kissing  the  Princess  Royal  on  the  r.  cheek.  Her  figure  is  matronly, 
his  is  corpulent.  He  wears  two  ribbons,  many  stars  on  his  coat,  while  the 
jewels  of  orders  dangle  from  his  button-holes  (cf.  No.  9007).  Beneath  the 
title: 

"Heav'n  grant  their  Happiness  complete, 
And  may  they  make  both  Ends  to  meet;  in  these  hard  times. 

See  No.  9014,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  224.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  171.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
I2|x9f  in. 

346 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1797 

9007  THE  FIRST  INTERVIEW,  OR  AN— ENVOY  FROM  YAR- 
MONY  TO  IMPROVE  THE  BREED 

Ri  Newton  del  et  fecit 

London  Pub  by  SW  Fores  Piccadilly  April  ig  lygy 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Hereditary  Prince  of  Wiirtemberg, 
enormously  corpulent,  advances  in  profile  to  the  1.  towards  the  Princess 
Royal,  his  stomach  supported  on  the  bent  back  of  a  negro  servant  in  livery 
(cf.  No.  5433),  saying,  /  was  come  from  Yarmony  to  love  you  dearly,  and 
was  take  you  to  Yarmony  to  love  me.  The  Princess  (1.),  stout  but  comely, 
regards  him  appraisingly,  saying,  Lord  what  a  Porpoise  PhoU!  The  negro, 
with  clenched  fists  and  contorted  face,  shouts :  Oh  Lord  oh  lord  my  Neck 
will  break.  I  can't  carry  it  any  farther.  The  Prince's  gold-laced  embroidered 
waistcoat  and  his  ribbon  contribute  to  his  grotesque  appearance ;  his  coat 
is  dotted  with  stars  and  orders  as  in  No.  9006.  Behind  (r.),  a  man  holding 
a  saw  stands  by  a  small  table  out  of  which  a  semicircular  piece  has  been 
cut :  he  says,  his  face  and  gestures  expressing  alarmed  astonishment :  Egad 
they  did  well  to  order  a  piece  to  be  cut  out  of  the  Table,  or  he  never  could  have 
reached  his  Dinner,  and  how  he  will  reach  her,  God  only  knows.  I  suppose 
he  has  some  German  Method  a  rare  Ram  this  to  mend  the  Breed  [cf.  No. 
8827].  A  patterned  carpet  and  pictures  on  the  wall  complete  the  design. 
The  newspapers  anticipated  the  Prince's  arrival  in  Nov.  1796  (Lond. 
Chron.,  13  Sept.  1796);  he  reached  London  on  15  Apr.  and  was  described 
as  'somewhat  shorter  .  .  .  and  more  corpulent  than  the  Prince  of 
Wales ;  but  though  fat  he  is  active  and  well  proportioned  . .  .  and  strongly 
resembles  the  Royal  Family'.  Ibid.,  17  Apr.  1797.  Farington  writes 
(12  May):  '[his]  fat  gives  him  an  appearance  like  deformity:  His  shape  is 
not  that  of  fat  men  in  common :  His  manners  are  agreeable.'  He  adds,  on 
the  authority  of  Lady  Inchiquin,  'Each  of  them  was  agreeably  disappointed 
at  finding  the  other  of  better  appearance  than  they  expected.'  Diary,  i.  207. 
The  Princess  was  said  to  be  'almost  dead  with  terror,  agitation  and 
affright,  at  the  first  meeting'.  Mme  D'Arblay,  Diary,  1905,  v.  295.  For 
the  marriage  see  No.  9014,  &c. 
8|xi2^|in. 

9008  A  DRAFT  OF  SWEET-WIRT,  FROM  THE  PRINCES  HEAD 
ON  THE  ROAD  TO  LONDON. 

[?West.] 

Publish' d  April  21  by  Brovm  N"  .  .  King  Street  1797^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  head,  in  profile  to  the  r.  (not  carica- 
tured), of  the  Prince  of  Wiirtemberg  is  seen  through  the  window  of  a  heavy 
travelling  coach.  The  features  resemble  those  of  George  III  and  his  sons 
(cf.  No.  9014).  A  German  wrapped  in  a  cloak,  holding  a  pistol  in  each 
hand,  sits  on  the  low  box  (r.):  the  horses  and  postilions  are  cut  off  by  the 
r.  margin.  On  the  roof  sits  a  man  in  profile  to  the  1.  on  a  low  pile  of 
baggage,  negligently  holding  a  musket  by  the  barrel  and  smoking  a  long 
pipe.  On  the  door  is  an  escutcheon  and  on  the  back  and  front  are  lamps. 
A  canister  inscribed  Strasbourg  is  on  the  roof  (r.).  Behind  the  coach  is 
a  clumsy  pile  of  baggage  surmounted  by  an  enormous  round  hat. 

The  Prince  landed  at  Harwich  on  9  Apr.;  he  and  his  suite  drove  to 
*  Imprint  obscured  by  shading. 

347 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

London  in  royal  carriages,  arriving  on  15  Apr.    The  print  appears  to 
burlesque  the  Prince's  'very  superb'  state  coach,  a  'swan-neck'  built  by 
Hatchett  of  Long  Acre,  which  had  four  patent  barrel  lamps  on  the  back 
and  front.  Lond.  Chron.,  14  Apr.  1797.  See  No.  9014,  &c. 
lof  Xi2|  in. 

9008  A  A  DRAFT  OF  SWEET-WIRT  .  .  .  [ut  supra] 
[?West.] 

Publishd  April  21  lygy  by  W.  Brozvn  N  34  King  Street 

Engraving.  Another  version  of  No.  9008,  without  guards  and  baggage 
and  with  no  box-seat  to  the  coach.  Only  part  of  the  back  wheel  is  shown. 
7iX7iin. 

9009  LA  PROMENADE  EN  FAMILLE— A  SKETCH  FROM  LIFE. 
Js  Qy — ad  vivam  fee* 

Pu¥  April  23^  1797.  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond,  &  S*  James's 
Streets 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of  Clarence  drags  his  three 
children  (1.  to  r.)  in  a  go-cart.  His  waistcoat  is  open,  a  handkerchief  under 
his  hat  drapes  his  head,  perspiration  pours  from  his  forehead.  The  boy, 
an  infant  replica  of  his  father,  holds  a  pair  of  reins  which  are  attached  to 
the  duke's  pocket,  and  flourishes  a  whip.  Beside  him  are  a  little  girl 
hugging  a  dog,  which  hides  her  face  except  for  the  eyes,  and  a  crying  infant 
whose  features,  though  infantine,  are  those  of  her  father.  The  crest  on  the 
cart  is  a  chamber-pot  (cf.  No.  7835,  &c.)  surmounted  by  a  crown.  From 
the  duke's  pockets  project  a  toy  battleship,  a  coral  and  bells,  a  toy  wind- 
mill, and  a  doll.  Mrs.  Jordan,  in  a  dress  of  masculine  cut,  walks  beside  the 
cart,  intent  on  the  part  which  she  is  studying  from  an  open  book  ('The 
Spoil'd  Child',  see  No.  7835):  Act  III^  enter  Little  Pickle.  A  signpost  (r.) 
points  (1.)  From  Richmond,  (r.)  To  Btishy.  A  sandy  bank  with  trees  forms 
a  background. 

The  three  children  are:  George  Fitzclarence,  b.  29  Jan.  1794,  afterwards 
Earl  of  Munster;  Sophia,  m.  Lord  de  L'Isle  and  Dudley;  and  Mary, 
m.  General  C.  R.  Fox. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  224-5.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  176.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9^X14  in. 

9010  PUSH  ON  KEEP  MOVING. 

R^  Newton  des.  et  fecit 

London  Pub  by  R  Newton  Brydge  St  Strand  April  27  1797 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox,  standing  in  front  of  an  archway 
(r.)  inscribed  Office  (cf.  No.  8981),  kicks  and  pushes  Pitt  away  from  it.  He 
is  stout,  ruffianly,  and  fierce,  and  wears  a  bonnet-rouge'  with  cockade ;  he 
says,  Push  on  keep  moving  Billy.  Pitt  (1.),  tall  and  thin,  in  profile  to  the  1., 
runs  forward,  shedding  tears,  a  large  handkerchief  in  his  r.  hand.  He  says : 
Pray  forgive  me  this  once!  arui  Fll  never  do  so  no  more.  Both  are  grotesquely 
caricatured.  Above  the  design :  May  every  honest  man  turn  out  a  rogue. 

'  Not  coloured  red. 
348 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  I797 

On  27  Mar.  Lord  Suffolk  moved  the  dismissal  of  Pitt  in  an  eccentric 
speech.  It  was  supported  by  Bedford,  Derby,  Moira,  and  others.  Pari. 
Hist,  xxxiii.  183  ff.  For  the  City  Address  for  the  dismissal  of  Ministers 
see  No.  9001.  The  title  is  a  contemporary  catch-word,  cf.  Nos.  9005,  91 13, 
9264,  9507. 
15^X9!  in. 

9011  THE  DEVILS  DARLING. 
R^  Newton  des  et  fecit 

London  Pub  by  R  Newton  Brydges  St  May  5  1797 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Devil,  a  grotesque  nude  creature 
with  satyr's  legs  and  glaring  eyeballs,  sits  on  a  chair  dandling  Pitt  on  one 
knee.  Pitt  is  tall  and  lanky,  with  bag-wig,  but  is  dressed  as  an  infant  in 
a  simple  frock  tied  with  a  sash.  He  turns  a  horrified  profile  towards  the 
Devil  (1.),  who  grins  broadly  at  his  darling.   Beneath  the  design: 

Never  man  beloved  worse 

For  sure  the  Devil  zoos  his  nurse 

Cf.  Nos.  8999,  9029. 
io|X7fin. 

9012  HEAD— AND  BRAINS.  [1797] 

[By  or  after  Newton.] 

Pen  and  water-colour  drawing.  The  heads  of  George  III  and  Pitt,  much 
caricatured,  emerge  from  a  single  neck  which  rests  on  a  dish.  The  King's 
head,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  is  the  larger,  his  wig  covers  both  foreheads,  and 
his  cheek  and  ear  project  over  the  head  of  Pitt,  who  is  in  profile  to  the  r. 
The  King  has  a  small,  receding  forehead,  a  large  goggling  eye,  Pitt  a 
fixed  and  frowning  stare.    Cf.  No.  9177. 

The  design  was  engraved  and  published  by  Newton,  5  May  1797. 
(A.  de  R.  ii.  91.) 

A  copy,  La  Tete  et  la  Cervelle,  was  published  A  Paris  chez  J.  Leysel  Rue 
du  Pldtre  S^  Jacques  N°  18.  The  heads  are  closely  copied,  but  a  realistic 
coat-collar  replaces  the  dish  and  neck.  Inscriptions  have  been  added: 
George  and  Pit,  while  the  former  says:  La  Paix  Continentale  Ouf!!!',  the 
latter:  S'il  n  etoit  qu' imbecile  —  maisfou  —  ahi  ahi  comment  rrCen  retirerai 
je  ?  Beneath  the  design :  Portraits  dessind  [sic]  d'apres  nature  au  Palais  de 
S^  James.   Reproduced,  Broadley,  ii.  26. 

The  design  was  imitated  in  a  print  with  the  same  title,  published  by 
Vowles,  1820,  of  George  III  and  Queen  Caroline  ('Caricatures',  xii.  159). 
c.  12^X10!  in. 

9013  A  DISSECTION. 

London  Pu¥  by  Will*^  Holland,  50  Oxford  S'  May  14  1797 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  nude  body  of  classically  correct  pro- 
portions stands  full-face  with  extended  arms ;  it  has  two  (identical)  profiles 
of  Pitt.  The  centre  of  the  body  is  opened  to  show  the  organs  and  the 
interior  of  the  head.  A  (small)  explosion  from  the  top  of  the  head  is 
inscribed:  Ingenuity  Invention  &c  &c.  The  exterior  of  the  body  has 
inscriptions  which  are  repeated  on  each  side,  for  each  profile  and  each 

349 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

limb:  the  hair  is  Exempt  from  the  Powder  Tax;  the  eye  is  Discernment,  the 
nose  is  Very  Acute,  the  mouth  is  Eloquence,  the  chin  is  Elevated  with 
Dignity,  the  shoulders  Exempt  from  Burthens,  the  elbows  Accomodating 
Muscles,  the  hands  Open  to  Conviction,  the  pelvis  Immaculate,  the  thighs 
Strength  of  Party,  the  knees  Flexibility,  the  shins  Power,  the  feet  Firmness. 
The  interior  of  the  body  has  a  contrasting  set  of  inscriptions :  the  brain 
is  Calculations,  the  tongue  Flattery,  the  gullet  Epicurism,  the  ribs  influence, 
the  heart  (with  a  border  of  coins)  Money,  the  stomach  Claret  and  Red  Port 
(cf.  No.  8683),  the  entrails  Subsidies  (cf.  No.  8821,  &c.).  See  Dissection  of 
Mr.  Pitt  (from  the  Telegraph)  in  Spirit  of  the  Public  Journals  for  lygj, 
1798,  pp.  25-7).  Cf,  No.  6257,  a  dissection  of  North  and  Fox,  and  No.  8291, 
a  dissection  of  Fox. 
13^X916  in. 

9014  THE  BRIDAL  NIGHT. 

fGyd.&fe(? 

Pu¥  May  18^^  I797y  by  H.  Humphrey,  2y  S^  James  Street. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  An  elaborate  design.  The  Prince  of 
Wiirtemberg,  grotesquely  corpulent,  conducts  his  bride  in  the  precession 
(r.  to  1.)  towards  the  bridal  chamber  which  is  led  by  the  King  and  Queen. 
George  III,  plainly  dressed  and  wearing  a  hat,  partly  concealed  by  a  pillar, 
hurries  forward ;  in  each  hand  is  a  candle-stick  holding  a  guttering  candle- 
end  (cf.  No.  81 17).  The  Queen,  covered  with  jewels  and  her  face  hidden 
by  a  poke-bonnet,  carries  a  steaming  bowl  of  Posset.  On  the  back  of  the 
Prince's  coat  are  slung  five  ribbons  from  which  dangle  the  jewels  of 
orders ;  three  garters  encircle  his  leg ;  a  star  decorates  the  bag  of  his  wig. 
The  Princess  gazes  at  him  from  behind  her  fan.  Round  her  waist  is  the 
ribbon  of  an  order,  to  which  is  attached  a  jewel  containing  a  W.L.  minia- 
ture of  her  husband,  which  exaggerates  his  corpulence.  Behind  the 
Princess  is  a  group  of  princes :  the  Prince  of  Wales,  in  regimentals,  is  fat 
^  and  sulky.  Prince  William  of  Gloucester  stands  with  splayed-out  feet  as 
in  No.  8716.  The  Duke  of  Clarence  (caricatured)  puts  a  hand  on  the  r. 
arm  of  the  Prince  of  Wales.  Behind  is  the  more  handsome  head  of  the 
Duke  of  York.  These  four  heads  are  clever  juxtapositions  of  variations  on 
the  family  features.  Behind  them  is  the  grotesque  profile  of  the  Stad- 
holder  with  closed  eyes.  The  sharp  features  of  Lady  Derby  tower  above 
the  Stadholder.  Next  him  is  the  Princess  of  Wales,  not  caricatured.  Two 
princesses  hold  up  their  sister's  train,  and,  behind,  a  sea  of  feathered  head- 
dresses recedes  in  perspective  under  a  lighted  chandelier. 

Salisbury  (1.),  the  Lord  Chamberlain,  standing  stifily  in  profile  to  the  r., 
much  caricatured,  with  wand  and  key  as  in  No.  8649,  holds  open  the 
door  through  which  the  King  is  about  to  pass.  Pitt,  on  the  outskirts  of  the 
procession,  carries  a  sack  inscribed  £80,000  (the  amount  of  the  Princess's 
dowry).  On  the  wall  is  a  large  picture,  inscribed  Le  Triomphe  de  V Amour, 
of  an  elephant  with  a  little  cupid  sitting  on  his  neck  blowing  a  trumpet. 

The  marriage  at  St.  James's  on  17  May  was  followed  by  a  drawing- 
room,  after  which  the  royal  party  drove  to  Windsor  Lodge  to  dine.  See 
Nos.  8827,  9006,  9007,  9015. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  224  (reproduction).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  170. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.   Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  257;  Ashbee,  p.  69. 
"fxi7iin. 

Two  figures  in  this  plate  have  been  copied  by  Rowlandson,  in  a  water- 

350 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

colour  in  the  Print  Room,  with  the  addition  of  a  third  copied  from  No.  8827. 
The  Prince,  as  in  No.  8827,  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  smiling.  Behind 
him  stands  Salisbury,  as  above,  his  hand  on  an  invisible  door.  Facing 
him  is  Prince  William  of  Gloucester,  as  above,  but  with  an  angry,  instead 
of  an  impassive,  expression.  On  the  back  is  a  sketch  of  part  of  No.  8328, 
also  by  Gillray.   Binyon,  iii.  250,  No,  18  (8x6|  in,). 

9015  THE  WEDDING  NIGHT. 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  by  S  W  Fores  No  50  Piccadilly  May  20  1797.   Folios 
of  Caracatures  Len  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  vulgarized  imitation  of  No,  9014. 
Salisbury  (1,)  stands  within  the  door,  through  which  a  bed  is  visible,  A 
cupid  asleep  (1,)  on  a  barrel  of  Hollands  has  the  profile  of  the  Stadholder, 
The  King  drops  candle-grease  as  he  turns  to  the  grinning  Queen,  who 
carries  a  basin  of  Cock  Broth,  from  which  looks  the  head  of  a  cock,  Pitt 
staggers  under  his  sack  of  £80,000.  The  Prince  and  Princess  walk  hand 
in  hand,  looking  at  each  other ;  he  wears  many  more  orders  and  his  legs 
are  encircled  with  numerous  garters.  Lord  and  Lady  Derby  walk  behind 
the  three  princes  (the  Duke  of  Clarence  less  caricatured  than  in  No,  9014). 
Prince  William  of  Gloucester,  less  knock-kneed,  is  on  the  extreme  r.  The 
picture  is  altered  to  The  Triumph  of  Bacchus:  a  nude  Bacchus  falls  tipsily 
from  an  elephant  which  walks  to  the  r,  instead  of  to  the  1. 
ii|Xi7j  in. 

9016  POLITICAL-RAVISHMENT,    OR   THE    OLD    LADY    OF 

THREADNEEDLE-STREET  IN  DANGER! 

y^Cvd.  &  fee* 

Pu¥  May  22^  1797-  by  H  Humphrey  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  'Old  Lady'  is  a  thin  old  harridan, 
dressed  entirely  in  One  pound  notes,  and  seated  on  an  iron-studded  treasure- 
chest  inscribed  Bank  of  England,  fastened  by  two  heavy  padlocks.  She 
shrieks  and  throws  up  her  skinny  arms  at  Pitt's  advances:  he  has  taken 
a  long  stride  towards  her  from  the  r.,  his  r,  hand  round  her  waist;  his  1, 
dips  into  a  cavernous  pocket  and  takes  out  guineas.  Their  profiles  almost 
touch,  and  he  appears  about  to  kiss  her.  She  shrieks:  Murder! — murder! — 
Rape! — murder! — O  you  Villain! — what  have  I  kept  my  Honor  untainted  so 
long,  to  have  it  broke  up,  by  you  at  last  ? — O  murder! — Rape! — Ravishment! 
— Ruin! — Ruin! — Ruin!!!  Pitt's  hat  lies  on  the  ground;  beneath  it  is  a 
scroll  headed  Loans.  A  lightly  sketched  arc  of  the  rotunda  of  the  Bank 
forms  a  background. 

For  the  suspension  of  cash  payments  see  No.  8990,  &c.  Fox  called  the 
Restriction  'avowed  bankruptcy'  and  'flagrant  breach  of  faith  and  undis- 
guised robbery'.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii,  48  (3  Mar.).  The  crisis  actually  eased 
the  situation ;  there  was  little  discrepancy  between  the  value  of  notes  and 
bullion  until  1809.  The  Bank,  far  from  being  ravished,  was  given  the 
sovereign  power  of  creating  money  without  limit.  See  E.  E.  Cannan, 
The  Paper  Pound,  17 97-1821,  1919.  The  print  evidently  relates  to  the 
Motions  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford  and  Grey  on  the  advances  by  the  Bank 
to  Government,  in  which  the  need  for  the  suspension  of  cash  payments 

351 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

is  attributed  to  foreign  loans,  advances  on  Treasury  Bills,  and  on  bills  of 
exchange  from  abroad.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  516  ff.  (15  and  16  May). 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  220-1.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  167.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9igXi3|in. 

9017  THE  BRITISH  LION. 

London  Pu¥  May  22^  I797  by  H  Humphrey.  Old  Bond  Street. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  ass  (cf.  No.  9052),  heavily  over- 
laden, falls  forward  on  its  knees,  in  extremis,  its  eye  closed.  Pitt  kneels  on 
one  knee  in  profile  to  the  v.,  offering  the  ass  ,^1  notes.  These  are  inscribed 
[Promlise  to  pay  M''  Ab.  Newland  or  Bank  the  Sum  of  One  Pound .  .  .  Bank 
of  England,  or  some  part  of  this  inscription.  The  ass's  burden  consists  of 
bundles  piled  up  to  a  towering  height,  the  upper  part  of  which  is  cut  off 
by  the  margin  of  the  design,  but  the  mass  bends  forward  and  is  about  to 
collapse  with  the  ass.  They  are  (reading  upwards):  Windows,  Deaths, 
Foreign  Spirits,  Postage,  2^  10  p*  Cent,  Wills,  Marriages,  Iris  .  .  .,  Births 
[see  No.  6253],  Commutation  Tax  [see  No.  6634,  &c.],  Wine  Duty  [see 
No.  8798,  &c.],  Br[ic]ks,  Horses,  Soap,  Hats,  J*'  10  p^  Cent,  Home  Spirits, 
Hair  Powder  [see  No.  8629,  &c.].  Slates,  Wine  encreased  Taxes,  Silver  Plate, 
Perfumery,  Increased  Stamp  Duty,  Stamp  Duty,  Stage  Coaches,  Stamps, 
Parcels,  Advertisements,  Hawkers  and  Pedlars,  Malt  Duty,  Transfer  Property, 
Stamp,  Glass,  Gloves,  Bills  of  Exchange,  Licences,  Game  Act,  Coffee,  Cocoa^ 
Tea,  Insurance,  Probate  of  Wills,  Leather,  Tallow  Candles,  Coals,  Farm  Tax 
[cf.  No.  7159,  &c.].  Tea  Adi  .  .  .  Receipts,  Paper  Add,  Newspapers  Addi- 
tional, Attorneys,  Dogs  [see  No.  8794,  &c.].  Hops  [?],  450,000,000,  Turn- 
pikes, Tobacco,  Stamp,  Muslins,  Cottons,  Servants,  Copies  of  Deeds,  Canal 
Navig**,  Hemp,  Carts.  The  inscriptions  become  confused  near  the  summit, 
the  words  New  and  Add  .  .  .  recurring. 

For  the  Bank  Restriction  Act  and  the  issue  of  ;^i  notes  see  No.  8990,  &c. 
For  the  burden  of  taxes  cf.  Nos.  6914,  &c.,  8621,  9038.  For  Newland  cf. 
No.  7839. 
7iixiof  in. 

9018  PARLIAMENTARY-REFORM,— OR— OPPOSITION-RATS, 
LEAVING  THE  HOUSE  THEY  HAD  UNDERMINED. 

fGyd.&  fed 

Pu¥  May  28^^  1797-  by  H  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Through  the  folding  doors  of  the  House 
of  Commons  rats  are  seen  fleeing  from  the  Opposition  benches  and 
leaping  from  the  gallery  above.  In  the  foreground,  scampering  down  steps 
leading  to  the  lobby,  are  rats  with  human  faces:  Fox  and  Grey  (collar 
so  inscribed)  are  first,  followed  by  Sheridan  and  Erskine  and  little 
M.  A.  Taylor.  The  Speaker  and  the  two  Clerks  look  astounded.  Pitt  is 
speaking;  beholds  a  paper:  Rights  of  ParliamK  Next  him  on  the  front 
bench  sits  the  bulky  Dundas  in  Highland  dress,  and  next  Dundas  the  tiny 
Wilberforce.  These  three,  though  on  a  small  scale,  are  fully  characterized. 
Behind  them  are  the  serried  ranks  of  the  Government,  holding  up  their 
hands  in  astonishment,  as  do  others  in  the  gallery.  A  few  members  of  the 
Opposition,  not  transformed  into  rats,  stand  behind  the  Speaker's  chair  (r.). 
The  wall  of  the  House  is  damaged  by  rats,  some  of  whom  are  escaping 
through  holes  they  have  made.  On  the  wall  beside  the  door  (1.)  are  bills: 
Virtue  Triumphant  or  the  Expulsion  of  Vice  and  Opposition.  Silenced. 

352 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

A  satire  on  the  secession  of  the  leaders  of  the  Opposition  from  Parlia- 
ment. In  the  debate  on  Grey's  motion  for  Reform  (defeated  by  256  to  91) 
Fox  announced  his  intention  of  partially  seceding  from  Parliament,  'after 
seeing  the  conduct  of  this  House,  after  seeing  them  give  the  ministers  their 
confidence  and  support,  upon  convicted  failure,  imposition  and  incapacity 
.  .  .'.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  732  (26  May).  See  Fox,  Memorials  and  Corr.  iii. 
136,  138,  144-5,  273 ;  Holland,  Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party,  i.  84-90, 
Id  f.,  143  ;  Lady  Holland' s  Journal,  i.  148  f. ;  and  Nos.  9020,  9022,  9023, 
9024,  9040,  9047,  9204,  9216,  9217,  9263,  9267,  9340,  9343,  9371,  9375, 
9401,  9434,  9508,  9511,  9515,  9548,  9549. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  227.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  172.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
13X9-1  in. 

9019  THE  ESPLANADE. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥June  i^*  1797.  by  H.  Humphrey  N.  27  S  Jameses  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  George  HI  walks  in  back  view  with  an 
awkward  shuffle,  his  head  turned  in  profile  to  the  1.  to  greet  a  tall  general 
who  bows.  On  the  r.  another  officer  waits,  hat  in  hand,  for  recognition. 
They  are  Lord  Cathcart  (1755-1843),  then  major-general,  see  No.  9564, 
and  General  David  Dundas  (under  whom  Cathcart  had  served  in  Holland 
in  1794-5),  see  No.  9026.  Above  the  King's  head  is  a  scroll:  Medio 
tutissimus  ibis.  A  semicircle  of  loyal  and  provincial  subjects,  chiefly  ladies, 
stretches  across  the  design,  facing  the  King.  In  the  foreground  on  the 
extreme  1.  and  r.  are  an  officer  in  back  view  and  a  (caricatured)  elderly  man 
in  top-boots. 

'The  Esplanade'  connoted  the  regular  evening  promenade  of  the  King: 
'The  Esplanade  last  night,  owing  to  the  strong  westerly  wind,  was  very 
thinly  attended.  His  Majesty  walked  but  a  short  time,  accompanied  by 
the  Earl  of  Uxbridge  . . .  [&c.  &c.]  and  his  usual  attendants.'  Lond.  Chron., 
5  Aug.  1797.  The  custom  appears  to  have  been  for  the  King  to  walk  there 
till  dark  when  at  Weymouth.    Cf.  Nos.  9070,  9071. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  226.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  177.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8|x  ii|-  in.   With  border,  lox  12. 

9019  a  a  copy  with  the  title  wey-mouth  and  without  the  inscribed 
scroll  was  published  by  Fores,  Jan.  1805'  (Sjx  11  in.,  with  border  9!  X 
12^  in.).   Cropped  impression  in  'Caricatures',  xii.  18. 

9020  DIVERTIONS  OF  PURLEY.  OR  OPPOSITION  ATTENDING 
THEIR  PRIVATE  AFFAIRS. 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly,  June  5  1797 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Fox  sits  full-face, 
dandling  on  each  knee  a  demoniac  creature ;  he  smiles  down  fondly  at  the 
one  on  his  1.  knee,  saying.  Hush  sweet  Darlings  of  my  Heart,  now  I  have 
begotten  you.  We  will  carefully  nourish  &  bring  you  to  maturity,  come  Nurse 
Grey  prepare  the  cradle  for  Master  Revolution,  while  Erske,  Amuses  Miss 

*  Date,  &c.,  from  A.  de  R.  ix.  170. 

353  A  a 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Sedition.  Under  his  r.  foot  is  a  crown;  Sedition's  serpentine  body,  with 
barbed  tail,  coils  round  his  r.  leg,  and  the  creature  stretches  a  taloned  hand 
towards  a  rattle  which  Erskine  holds  up.  Erskine,  in  legal  wig  and  gown, 
stands  on  Fox's  r. ;  he  smiles  down,  saying.  There  my  favourite  Girl,  There 
is  a  rattle  made  out  of  the  Jewels  of  a  Coronet.  On  the  r.  Grey  lifts  the 
coverlet  of  a  cradle  whose  head  is  decorated  by  crossed  daggers.  On  the 
extreme  r.  Sheridan  stands  at  a  wash-tub,  his  head  turned  in  profile  to 
the  1.   He  sings: 

As  for  the  House  of  Com ns 

We  will  not  in  it  prate 

For  like  Subordination, 

Tis  grown  quite  out  of  date, 
&  a  Begging  we  will  go. 

On  the  extreme  1.  Home  Tooke  and  Thelwall  stand  facing  each  other 
in  profile;  they  are  slitting  up  an  ermine-trimmed  robe.    Thelwall  says: 

These  D d  old  fashioned  Robes  will  be  brought  to  a  good  purpose  now  for 

these  favorites,  did  you  hear  my  last  Lecture.  Tooke  answers :  Have  you 
heard  from  Sheerness.  In  the  background  between  Thelwall  and  Erskine 
is  a  group  of  three:  Lauderdale  (1.)  and  Bedford  (r.)  sit  on  the  floor  facing 
each  other,  the  former  stitching  a  pair  of  breeches,  the  latter  using  a  tailor's 
goose  inscribed  B — df^d;  Stanhope  looks  down  at  them,  saying.  We'll 
stitch  up  these  old  f angled  Garments  for  our  beloved  brats.  Bedford  says : 
/  can't  help  thinking  on  the  Poor  Duke  of  Orleans  [see  No.  8292,  &c.]. 
Lauderdale  answers,  Aye  that  was  a  cursed  Unlucky  Stroke!  he  paid  a  long 
visit  at  Wooburn  [Bedford's  seat]  Eh?  On  the  floor  (r.)  is  a  paper  To  the 
Delegates  [at  Sheerness,  see  No.  9021,  &c.]. 

The  Opposition,  who  had  announced  their  withdrawal  from  Parliament, 
see  No.  9018,  inflame  revolution  and  sedition  (in  the  fleet)  with  the  help 
of  Tooke  (author  of  The  Diversions  of  Purley,  1796)  and  Thelwall,  the 
political  lecturer.  The  Whigs  are  shown  in  association  with  the  democrats, 
cf.  No.  8310.  Fox  had  recommended  in  1796  going  'further  towards  agree- 
ing with  the  democratic  or  popular  party  than  at  any  former  period.' 
Memorials  and  Corr.  iii.  135.  He  read  Tooke's  book  with  high  approval 
in  Feb.  1798.  Ibid.,  p.  143.  Cf.  No.  9024. 
10  X  14!  in. 

9021  THE  DELEGATES  IN  COUNCIL  OR  BEGGARS  ON  HORSE- 
BACK. 

/  Cruikshank  del 

London  Published  by  SW  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  June  9  1797  Folios 

of  Caricatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Naval  mutineers, 
seated  and  standing  at  a  long  table,  glare  ferociously  at  Admiral  Buckner, 
who  stands  (1.)  calmly,  hat  in  hand,  in  profile  to  the  r.  at  the  foot  of  the 
table.  The  man  at  the  head  of  the  table,  seated  in  a  chair  which  is  higher 
than  the  others,  holds  a  blunderbuss  and  wears  a  hat.  He  must  be  Richard 
Parker,  but  does  not  resemble  him.  At  his  elbow  and  on  the  extreme  r. 
stands  Thelwall  filling  a  glass  from  a  Grog  can ;  he  says  Tell  him  we  intend 
to  be  Masters,  Fll  read  him  a  Lecture;  from  his  pocket  hangs  a  paper: 
Thellwals  Lecture  (see  No.  8685).  One  man  only  is  seated  on  the  president's 
1.  and  on  the  near  side  of  the  table.  He  places  a  fist  on  a  long  paper  headed 

354 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1797 

Resolutions.  Under  the  table  in  the  foreground,  lifting  up  the  tablecloth, 
five  secret  instigators  are  (1.  to  r,):  Lauderdale,  holding  a  paper:  Letter 

from  Sheerness  to  V-  L '*;  Home  Tooke,  Stanhope,  Grey,  Fox,  the 

most  prominent,  saying.  Aye,  Aye,  we  are  at  the  bottom  of  it,  and  Sheridan. 
All  have  satisfied  smiles.  Four  ruffians  are  seated  at  the  farther  side  of  the 
table,  others  stand  behind  them ;  one  aims  a  pistol  over  the  admiral's  head, 
one  man  smokes,  another  chews  tobacco,  taking  a  quid  from  his  box. 
Weapons  lie  on  the  table.  On  the  wall  behind  them  are  a  print  of  Britannia 
head  downwards,  and  two  torn  ballads :  True  Blue  an  old  Song  and  Hearts 
of  Oak  are  our  Ships  Jolly  Tars  are  our  men  We  alway  are  Ready,  the  last 
word  scored  through.  On  the  r.  the  slanting  window  of  the  captain's  cabin 
is  indicated. 

On  20  May  Buckner  went  on  board  the  Sandwich  and  was  (eventually) 
received  by  Parker,  who  kept  his  hat  on  as  a  symbol  of  his  position ;  he 
was  presented  with  the  demands  of  the  mutineers,  in  eight  articles.  On 
6  June  there  was  a  royal  proclamation  declaring  the  mutineers  to  be  rebels. 
It  was  on  9  June  that  the  first  ships  extricated  themselves  from  the  control 
of  the  mutineers;  three  days  later  the  mutiny  was  virtually  over.  The 
Government  attempted  unsuccessfully  to  find  evidence  of  Jacobin  propa- 
ganda ;  some  of  the  sailors  were  members  of  the  Corresponding  Societies, 
but  there  is  no  evidence  that  these  had  any  influence  on  the  course  of  the 
mutiny.  Manwaring  and  Dobree,  The  Floating  Republic,  1935,  pp.  139-43, 
pp .  2 1 9  ff.  For  the  attitude  of  the  Opposition  to  the  mutiny  see  Gill,  Naval 
Mutinies,  1913,  pp.  348-54;  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  p.  318.  Sheridan 
gave  important  support  to  the  Government  in  the  crisis.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii. 
801-4  (2  June).  See  C.  H.  Firth,  Naval  Songs  and  Ballads,  Navy  Records 
Soc,  1908,  pp.  277-83,  for  five  songs  on  the  mutinies,  two  of  which  relate 
to  Parker.  See  also  Nos.  9020,  9028,  9185,  9242.   Cf.  No.  8823. 

Reproduction,  Manwaring  and  Dobree,  op.  cit.,  p.  188. 
9iXi3f  in. 

9022  A  BATTLE  OUT  OF  THE  HOUSE;  OR,  THE  BEST  WAY  OF 
SETTLING  THE  DISPUTE! 

London  Pu¥  June  13,  1797  by  Will"*  Holland,  50  Oxford  S^ 

Engraving.  A  pugilistic  encounter  between  Fox  and  Pitt,  both  stripped  to 
the  waist;  Pitt,  on  the  extreme  r.,  staggers  back  from  his  burly  opponent. 
Spectators  watch  behind  a  low  fence,  shouting  encouragement  to  Fox.  A 

Sailor  on  the  extreme  1.  shouts:  D n  my  eyes,  Charley; go  to  windward! 

splice  me  if  I  would  not  soon  knock  out  his  starboard  eye!  Run  in  under  his 
Guns — get  into  his  wake — batter  his  hull — shiver  his  bowsprit — give  him  a 
broadside!  Next,  a  Soldier  (grenadier)  shouts:  Keep  to  your  post,  Charley! 
Fire  away  my  lad!  flank  him  to  the  right!  work  his  buff!  thrust  home,  wheel 
about,  rally  again!  A  Blacksmith,  with  folded  arms  and  satisfied  grin,  says : 
Hammer  away!  nail  him!  make  his  anvil  ring  again!  blow  him  up!  A  Brick- 
layer shouts :  Trowel  the  dog!  keep  your  line!  give  it  him  in  his  upper  stories! 
strike  his  scaffold!  A  Barber  shouts:  Lather-away,  Charley!  Shave  him 
close!  oil  the  dog's  wig  for  him!  dress  him!  dust  him  well!  pin  him  down  tight! 
grind  him  to  powder!  that's  the  Barber!  The  Shoemaker:  Now  my  lad  of 
wax,  peg  away!  tan  the  dog's  hide!  curry  him  well!  bristle  up  to  him  again 
Charley!  that's  my  good  soul!  leather  him  well!  The  Taylor:  Stick  to  his 
skirt,  Charley!  trim  his  jacket!  lace  him!  spoil  his  shapes!  bring  down  his 
buckram!  dont  mind  him  a  louse!  the  goose  begins  to  stagger!  aim  at  his  fifth 

355 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

button!  sew  him  up!  The  Baker:  Peg  his  dough!  hit  him  in  the  bread-basket! ! 
give  it  him  in  the  crumb,  Charley!  The  Butcher:  Have  a  good  heart,  Charley! 
come  big  Ben  over  his  jaw  bone!  give  him  a  cross  buttock!  knock  him  down! 
flea  the  dog  alive!  cut  out  his  liver!  break  every  bone  in  his  skin!  The  Glazier: 
Darken  his  daylights,  Charley!  that's  my  diamond!  make  the  Sun  shine 
through  him!  close  his  peepers,  my  hearty! 

The  title  suggests  an  allusion  to  the  Foxite  secession  (see  No.  9018,  &c.). 
It  is  to  be  noted  that,  contrary  to  custom,  there  are  neither  seconds  nor 
bottle-holders,  and  the  mob  all  back  Fox.  Apparently  a  satire  on  the 
Foxites,  but  cf.  No.  9022  A.  For  the  pugilist  Big  Ben  (Brain)  cf.  No.  7646. 
iifXisfin. 

9022  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N"  XX  to  London  urui  Paris,  ii,  1798, 
(description,  pp.  176-85).  It  is  explained  that  though  undoubtedly  an 
Opposition  print,  the  best  friends  of  the  Ministry  could  not  have  pro- 
duced a  harsher  satire  against  Fox,  who  is  no  longer  the  Man  of  the 
People  (Volk)  but  of  the  rabble  (Pobel). 

6{^  X  8f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9023  HOMER  SINGING  HIS  VERSES  TO  THE  GREEKS. 
J^  Gy  ad  vivum  fed — 

Pu¥June  16^^  1797-  ky  ^-  Humphrey  S^  James's  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Captain  Morris  (1.)  sits  in  profile  to  the 
r.,  singing  from  a  broadside  vi^hich  he  holds  out  in  his  1.  hand:  A  new  Song 
to  the  Tune  of  the  Plenipoy.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  full  glass.  He  wears  a  round 
hat  and  fashionable  half-boots;  his  coat,  breeches,  and  stockings  are 
tattered.  From  his  pocket  projects  a  pamphlet:  Captain  Morris's  Songs  by 
Subscription  (cf.  No.  9240).  Fox  and  Sheridan  sit  on  opposite  sides  of  a 
small  round  table,  on  which  is  a  decanter  of  Brandy.  Sheridan,  1.,  with 
Bardolph's  fiery  face,  cf.  No.  7528,  &c.,  holds  his  glass  and  looks  delightedly 
at  Morris,  as  does  Fox  (as  FalstaflF),  who  says :  Come  sing  me  a  Boosey-Song,^ 
to  make  me  merry.  Part  of  the  face  of  a  fourth  man  appears  on  the  r. 

The  Plenipotentiary  was  a  coarse  song  by  Morris,  cf.  No.  7935. 
Greek  =  gambler  or  cardsharper,  cf.  Nos.  8878,  9078.  For  the  Whig 
secession  see  No.  9018,  &c.   For  Fox  as  FalstafF  cf.  No.  6974,  &c. 

Grego,Gillray,p.222.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  441.  Reprinted,  G.M^.G., 
1830. 
9fXi2|in. 

9024  THE  WATCHMAN  OF  THE  STATE. 
IC   [Cruikshank.] 

Pub  June  20.  1797.  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  London  Folios  of 
Caricatures  Lent  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox,  dressed  as  a  watchman,  his  lantern 
in  his  r.  hand,  walks  away  (r.)  looking  slyly  towards  a  barrel  of  Gunpowder 
from  Bedford  Square  on  the  extreme  1.  He  says,  his  r.  forefinger  against 
his  nose.  Matters  is  now  in  a  proper  Train  Egad  its  high  time  for  me  to  Shirra^ 
off.  On  the  barrel  sits  Bedford,  wearing  a  spencer  (see  No.  8192);  he  claps 

'  A  misquotation  from  i  Henry  IV,  HI.  iii,  where  Falstaff  says,  'Come,  sing  me 
a  bawdy  song;  make  me  merry.* 

*  'Sherry  off'  is  to  run  away.   Grose,  Diet.  Vulgar  Tongue,  1796. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

his  hands  at  Home  Tooke,  who  is  laying  a  train  of  powder  from  a  powder- 
horn.  Behind  Bedford,  his  r.  hand  resting  on  his  shoulder,  Lauderdale 
stands  on  the  cask,  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge  and  saying.  Now  we  are  safe 
go  on  with  it.  A  paper,  Lauderdale  ag^  Errol,  protrudes  from  his  pocket. 
Against  the  barrel  lies  a  firebrand.  Sheridan,  behind  Fox,  kneels  down, 
applying  a  lighted  match  to  a  second  train  of  powder.  Thelwall  (Norwich 
Lectures  protruding  fiom  his  pocket)  and  Stanhope,  who  holds  a  dark 
lantern,  have  laid  a  third  train  on  the  r.  Thelwall  lights  a  match  at  Stan- 
hope's lantern.  These  three  trains  of  powder  lead  respectively  to  three 
doors  in  a  gothic  building  which  forms  a  background.  Above  the  door 
on  the  1.  is  the  word  Constitution,  surmounted  by  a  crown.  The  centre 
door  is  that  of  the  House  of  Commons,  the  third  (r.)  that  of  the  House 
of  Lords. 

A  satire  on  the  secession  of  the  Whigs  from  Parliament,  see  No.  9018,  &c., 
and  on  their  supposed  association  with  the  radicals,  Home  Tooke  and 
Thelwall,  cf.  No.  9020.  For  Fox  as  the  Westminster  Watchman  see 
No.  9687,  &c.  Lauderdale,  owing  to  his  uncompromising  opposition,  was 
not  re-elected  a  representative  peer  of  Scotland  in  1796 ;  he  unsuccessfully 
protested  against  the  title  of  the  Earl  of  Erroll,  who  replaced  him.  Thel- 
wall's  lectures  (see  No.  8685)  were  popular  in  the  eastern  counties,  and 
on  29  May  some  soldiers  began  a  riot  at  Norwich  by  demolishing  the  room 
in  which  he  was  about  to  lecture.  Lond.  Chron.,  31  May.  Cf.  No.  8287. 
8fxi2|in. 

9025  THE  INEXHAUSTIBLE  MINE! 
R^  Newton  designd  et  fecit 

June  22  lygy  London  Pub  by  R  Newton  Brydges  Street  Covent  Garden 
Engraving.  John  Bull,  hugely  corpulent,  stands  in  profile  to  the  I.,  his 
arms  tied  behind  him,  while  ropes  of  guineas  are  dragged  from  him  to  fall 
in  heaps.  He  is  in  his  shirt-sleeves,  his  breeches  fall  round  his  knees.  He 
looks  up,  his  face  contorted  with  pain,  shouting,  Oh,  my  head.    Oh  my 

A e  Thieves!  Pickpockets!  Oh  Lord!  Oh  Lord!  His  figure  covers  the 

greater  part  of  the  design;  his  tormentors  are  on  the  extreme  1.  and  r., 
partly  cut  off  by  the  margins.  Dundas  (1.)  pulls  a  string  from  his  mouth, 
saying.  Mum  Johnny  No  squeaking!  The  Queen  crouches  below  Dundas, 
her  hand  under  John's  shirt,  saying,  I  wonder  if  he  has  any  Jewels  or  Precious 
Stones.  A  pair  of  hands  (r.)  pulls  a  rope  of  coins  from  John's  ear;  the 
words  indicate  the  King:  What!  what  does  he  cry  Billy  why  we  take  every 
opportunity  to  Ease  him.  Pitt  kneels  on  one  knee  beneath  the  hands,  pulling 
a  rope  of  coins  from  John's  posteriors,  saying.  Ay  Johnny  we  take  every 
opportunity  to  Ease  him!!!  no  squeaking  Johnny! 

For  the  flourishing  state  of  trade  see  G.  Rose,  A  brief  Examination  into 
the  Increase  of  the  Revenue,  Commerce,  and  Manufactures  .  .  .  from  17 g  2 
to  lygg,  1799-  For  the  Queen  and  jewels  cf.  No.  6978,  &c.  Nos.  8654, 
8998,  9400,  are  similar  themes  (Pitt  and  Dundas,  encouraged  by  George  III, 
exploit  John  Bull).  Cf.  Nos.  9030,  9047. 
I2f  X9  in. 

9026  LOOK  AT  ME,  I'M  AN  OBJECT! 
PuU  June  28  1797  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Illustration  to  verses  printed  beneath 
the  (printed)  title.   Lt.-General  David  Dundas  stands  (r.)  in  profile  to  the 

357 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

1.  drilling  a  file  of  foot-soldiers  on  an  open  heath.  These  are  stepping  back- 
wards up  a  slight  incline  and  all  but  the  four  men  nearest  the  spectator 
have  fallen,  or  are  falling,  on  their  backs.  Dundas  holds  the  tip  of  his 
drawn  sword  with  his  1.  hand.  A  pyramid  in  the  distance  is  inscribed 
Lexden,  and  the  verses  show  that  the  incident  depicted  took  place  at 
manoeuvres  on  Lexden  Heath.  The  verses  are  to  the  tune  of  "When  the 
Fancy-stirring  Bowl".  The  first  and  last  are: 

This  Object  is  a  wondrous  Thing, 

In  common  Sense's  Spite,  Sir; 
He'll  wheel  you  thro'  the  Gordian  Ring, 

But  never  make  you  fight,  Sir. 
On  Pivot-points  he'll  bid  you  move, 

Right,  left,  and  right  about  them. 
Whilst  all  his  Circles  only  prove 

That  we  might  do  without  them. 
Now  backward  wheel,  .  .  . 

A  Porcupine  and  Oblong  Square 

By  Echellon  surprize,  Sir ; 
To  take  alignement  here  and  there, 

Is  likewise  very  wise,  Sir; 
But  when,  to  guard  the  Common  Weal, 

Our  Soldiers  pull  their  Triggers, 
One  Charge,  in  Line,  with  British  Steel, 

Is  worth  Ten  Thousand  Figures. 
Then  while  you  wheel,  .  .  . 

Dundas  worked  out  a  new  system  of  tactics  for  the  British  army  based 
on  a  study  of  Prussian  manoeuvres,  and  his  Rules  and  Regulations  .  .  .  were 
issued  (1792)  as  the  official  orders  for  the  British  Army.  He  was  made 
Q.M.G.  in  Dec.  1795,  and  had  much  to  do  with  reorganizing  the  army 
after  the  disasters  in  Flanders  (1794)  and  commanded  the  camps  of 
exercise  at  Weymouth  and  Windsor.  Before  his  regulations  'no  two  regi- 
ments moved  in  unison'.  Sir  H.  Bunbury,  quoted  D.N.B.  Cornwallis, 
fearing  invasion,  wrote,  23  Feb.  1798,  *I  have  no  doubt  of  the  courage  or 
fidelity  of  our  militia  but  the  system  of  David  Dundas,  and  the  total  want 
of  light  infantry,  sit  heavy  on  my  mind.'  Corr.,  1859,  "•  33 !• 
9JX17  in. 

9027  THE  HONEST  PICKPOCKET. 

London  Pu¥  hy  W.  Holland,  Oxford  S^  July  lygy 

Engraving.  John  Bull  (1.),  a  stout,  plainly  dressed  man,  his  hair  rising  on 
his  head,  stands  full-face,  gaping  terrified  at  Pitt,  who  removes  his  watch 
from  his  breeches  pocket.  Pitt  bends  forward  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  r. 
hand  on  John's  shoulder,  saying:  Don't  be  alarmed,  Johnny,  I  only  want 
to  see  whether  it  is  Gold  or  Silver — you  know  there  is  a  great  deal  of  difference 
between  Half  a  Crown  and  Ten  Shillings. 

The  tax  on  clocks  and  watches  (37  George  III,  c.  108,  19  July  1797) 
came  into  force  on  i  Aug.  The  tax  was  10^.  on  a  gold  watch,  2s.  6d. 
on  one  of  silver  or  metal,  with  certain  exemptions  for  the  poorest  classes. 
It  proved  disastrous  to  the  clock  and  watch-makers  and  was  repealed  in 
Apr.  1798.  Dowell,  Hist,  of  Taxation,  iii.  271-3.  See  Nos.  9028,  9162. 
SfXQin. 

358 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

9028  AN  ENQUIRY  CONCERNING  THE  CLOCK  TAX 
Woodward  del* 

Pu¥  Aug*  9'*  1797  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  ' 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.)  sits  in  profile  to  the  r.  beside 
a  writing-table,  pen  in  hand ;  he  looks  up  with  dismay  at  a  man  (r.)  who 
approaches,  hat  in  hand,  holding  up  one  leg  to  display  his  stocking.  The 
visitor  says:  Please  your  Honor — /  am  a  Delegate — -from  the  worthy  and 
respectable  Society  of  Hosiers,  to  know  whether  your  Honor  means  to  txtend 
the  Tax  to  Clocks  upon  Stockings.  He  holds  his  three-cornered  hat;  the 
stamp  of  the  royal  arms  inside  the  crown  shows  that  it  has  been  taxed. 
Pitt  holds  a  large  Tax  Pen ;  his  1.  hand  rests  on  a  scroll  headed  [Tiaxes,  the 
list  incomplete :  Shoe  Strings  Knee  Strings  Hair  Strings  Halte. ...  A  bundle 
of  Tax  Pens  worn  out  lies  on  the  table.  Other  Tax  Pens  stand  in  a  large  pot 
of  Permanent  Ink. 

For  the  clock  tax  see  No.  9027.    Pitt's  dismay  is  probably  due  to  the 
word  'Delegate',  then  associated  with  the  naval  mutineers,  see  No.  9021. 
iiX8f  in. 

9029  THE  BIRTH  OF  BILLY  BUGABOO! 

R^  Newton  desi^  et  fecit  1797 

London    Pub  by  R  Newton  at  his  Original  Print  Shop  Bridges  St 

Covent  Garden  August  13  1797 
Engraving.  A  fat  Devil,  naked  except  for  slippers,  stands  on  the  corner 
of  a  rectangular  rock,  poised  on  one  toe ;  he  grins  over  his  1.  shoulder  at 
Pitt,  whom  he  expels  from  his  posteriors.  Pitt,  his  feet  still  confined,  shoots 
down  head  first  in  a  slanting  direction,  into  the  arms  of  Dundas  (r.),  held 
out  to  receive  him.  He  is  fully  dressed,  wearing  a  bag- wig,  and  grotesquely 
thin,  with  a  long  neck.  The  head  and  arms  of  Dundas  emerge  from  a 
corner  of  the  roof  of  The  Treasury.  In  the  lower  1.  corner,  opposite  Dundas, 
are  the  heads  and  shoulders  of  Sheridan  and  Fox,  looking  up;  each  holds 
his  nose.  Fox  says:  What  a  stinking  breath  he  has  got  Sherry.  Both  grin, 
and  both  wear  bonnets-rouges. 

Pitt  was  called  'our  Hell-born  Minister'  in  a  widely  distributed  inflam- 
matory placard  dated  Norwich,  16  Oct.  1795.    Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great 
War,  p.  284.  Cf.  No.  901 1. 
I2fx8|  in. 

9030  BILLY'S  RAREE-SHOW— OR  JOHN  BULL  En'lIGHTEN'D 
[PAnsell.] 

Pu¥  Aug  15.  1797  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly.  Folios  of  Caricatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  as  a  peep-show  man,  stands  by  his 
box,  which  is  supported  on  trestles.  John  Bull  (1.),  a  simple  yokel,  stoops 
in  profile  to  the  r.  to  gape  through  the  hole.  Pitt,  who  with  his  r.  hand  pulls 
a  string  which  issues  from  the  box,  bends  over  John  Bull  and  takes  a  bag 
labelled  Savings  from  his  coat-pocket.  A  large  trumpet  is  slung  across  his 
shoulders,  to  which  is  attached  a  fringed  banner  decorated  with  the  royal 
arms.  His  box  has  a  pagoda-like  roof  surmounted  by  a  crown  under  a  little 
umbrella  edged  with  bells  from  which  rises  a  flag :  Licenced  by  Authority 

'  The  'en'  has  been  lightly  scored  through. 

359 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Billy  HunCs  Grand  Exihibition  of  Moveing  Mecanism  or  Deception  of  the 
Senses.  He  says  to  John:  Now  pray  lend  your  Attention  to  the  Enchanting 
prospect  before  you,  This  is  the  prospect  of  Peace,  only  Observe  what  a  busy 
Scene  presents  itself.  The  Ports  are  filled  with  Shipping.  The  Quays  loaded 
with  Merchandise,  Riches  are  flowing  in  from  every  Quarter  this  prospect  alone 
is  worth  all  the  Money  you  have  got  about  you.  John  answers :  May  hap  it 
may — Master  Shewm  but  I  canna  zee  ony  thing  like  what  you  mentions  I  zees 
nothing  but  a  woide  plain  with  some  Mountains  and  Molehills  upont,  as  sure 
as  a  Gun  it  must  be  all  behoind  one  of  those? 

For  the  peace  negotiations  see  No.  9031,  &c.  For  flourishing  trade  cf. 
No.  9025. 

9031    THE    DIPLOMATIC    SQUAD,    OR    HARMONY    INTER- 
RUPTED. 

[?  Ansell.] 

Pu¥  Au^  21.  lygy  by  SW  Fores,  50  Piccadilly.  Folios  of  Carrica- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  representatives  of  four  Powers  are 
grouped  along  the  nearer  side  of  a  long  table  covered  with  a  heavy  fringed 
cloth.  On  the  1.  a  Hollander  sits  on  a  high  three-legged  stool,  smoking, 
and  looking  up  at  a  Spanish  don  who  sits  on  the  table  holding  a  guitar. 
On  his  stool  is  a  map  of  the  Cape  of  Go\od\  Hope].  From  his  bulky  breeches 
pocket  project  (1.)  a  pipe  and  tobacco-box,  (r.)  a  rolled  Map  of  Ceylon.  The 
three  bars  which  connect  the  legs  of  the  stool  are  inscribed  respectively: 
Spain,  France,  Holland.  Behind  him  are  two  small  casks.  He  says:  You 
may  as  well  let  John  Bull  enjoy  his  Dream  and  go  on  with  your  Duett  and  Fll 
fill  another  pipe — ca  Ira.  He  wears  a  bonnet-rouge.  Spain  answers :  A  ha 
I  see  this  is  a  Jostling  Match  between  them  by  S^  Jago  Fll  at  Malbroke  again. 
France  stands  in  back  view,  holding  a  violin  and  flourishing  his  bow:  he 
looks  to  the  1.,  singing, 

Mons'  de  Malbroke  est  mort — 

Eh  Vel,  Vat  now  Objections  encore — 

est  meme  est  enterree 

Propped  up  on  the  table  is  his  music-book  with  the  words  Malbrook 
s'en  .  .  .  .^  Lord  Malmesbury  sits  (r.)  in  profile  to  the  r.  in  an  arm-chair, 
asleep.  He  dreams :  Lord  Mac  |^  has  got  back  \  And  all  his  trouble 's  e?ided  j 
But  I  fear  |  /  shall  stay  here,  \  Till  all  the  Wine's  expended.  He  wears  a 
ribbon  and  star.  Two  empty  wine-bottles  lie  on  the  ground  beside  him. 
On  the  table  is  a  decanter  of  Malms[ey],  while  France  has  one  of  Cham- 
pa[gne\.  On  the  wall  hangs  a  plan  of  a  fort  inscribed  Lisle.  The  words  of 
Spain  relate  to  two  men  who  jostle  each  other  in  a  doorway  (1.) :  an  English- 
man holds  many  bundles  of  papers  under  his  1.  arm  which  have  become 
entangled  with  a  still  larger  bundle  under  the  r.  arm  of  a  Frenchman.  Both 
bundles  are  docketed  Objections  ....  The  sturdy  Englishman  in  riding- 
dress  wears  at  his  button-hole  the  greyhound  of  a  King's  Messenger.  The 
lanky  Frenchman,  who  wears  a  bonnet-rouge  over  hair  in  curling-papers, 
says:  O  by  Gar  Jack  Anglois  you  vilsqueze  my  gob  out  vid  your  great  bundle 

'  For  the  vogue  of  the  song,  both  before  the  Revolution  and  under  Napoleon, 
see  de  Vinck,  i.  384-8. 

*  Malmesbury  was  accompanied  by  Lord  Granville  Leveson  Gower  (who 
returned  to  England,  arriving  15  Aug.),  Lord  Morpeth,  and  Lord  Pembroke.  One  of 
them  is  presumably  'Lord  Mac'. 

360 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

of  Objections.  The  other  answers :  Why  you  French  f outre  I  think  your  own 
bundle  is  most  likely  to  do  it  You  have  a  rare  lot  of  them,  make  way  d'ye  hear. 
A  satire  on  the  negotiations  at  Lille  between  Malmesbury  and  three 
French  plenipotentiaries  for  peace  between  France  with  her  allies  the 
Batavian  Republic  and  Spain,  and  England  with  her  sole  remaining  ally 
Portugal.  The  overtures  to  France,  involving  great  concessions,  were 
forced  upon  a  divided  Cabinet  by  Pitt  (16  June).  On  4  July  Malmesbury 
reached  Lille,  on  17  Sept.  he  was  requested  to  leave  within  twenty-four 
hours,  failing  immediate  agreement  to  a  complete  restitution  of  all  con- 
quests from  France  and  her  allies.  The  French  had  quibbled  over  details, 
Malmesbury  played  for  time.  The  Bonapartist  and  Jacobin  coup  d'etat 
of  18  Fructidor  (4  Sept.)  destroyed  all  hopes  of  peace  and  confirmed  a 
policy  of  conquest.  Malmesbury,  Correspondence,  iii ;  Rose,  Pitt  and  the 
Great  War,  191 1,  pp.  321-7;  Sorel,  U Europe  et  la  Rev.  frangaise,  1910, 
pp.  208-26 ;  Guyot,  Le  Directoire  et  la  Paix  de  VEurope,  1912,  pp.  372-475 ; 
E.  D.  Adams,  Influence  of  Grenville  on  Pitt's  Foreign  Policy,  1904,  pp.  55- 
67.  The  outcome  was  to  strengthen  the  Government  by  showing  the 
French  demands  to  be  unreasonable  and  offensive,  and  proof  of  a  deter- 
mination to  continue  the  war.  The  documents  were  put  before  Parliament 
on  3  Nov.  and  received  with  approval.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  903-62 ;  see  also 
pp.  855-903.  'The  conduct  of  the  French  at  Lisle  had  raised  a  general 
feeling  of  indignation  throughout  the  country.'  Holland,  Memoirs  of  the 
Whig  Party,  i.  96.  See  Nos.  9030,  9047,  9048.  Cf.  Nos.  9349,  9556.  For 
the  earlier  negotiations  at  Paris  see  No.  8829,  &c. 
io|xi7^in. 

9032  THEIR  NEW  MAJESTIES! 
R^  Newton  des^  et  fecit  lygj 

London  Pub  by  R  Newton  N°  13  Bridges  St  Covent  Garden  Seff  12 

1797 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  and  Dundas  as  king  and  queen  sit 
side  by  side  on  an  ornate  settee.  The  Throne.  Pitt  (r.),  grotesquely  thin, 
wears  a  large  crown  and  holds  a  sceptre  erect;  his  1.  hand  is  on  his  hip, 
his  knees  are  widely  extended,  and  his  r.  foot  rests  on  a  foot-stool.  He 
turns  his  head  in  profile  to  smile  at  Dundas,  who  gazes  back  at  him,  his 
1.  arm  over  Pitt's  shoulder.  The  bulky  Dundas  takes  up  the  greater  part 
of  the  seat,  but  his  knees  are  squeezed  to  the  1.  to  make  room  for  Pitt's 
arrogantly  extended  r.  knee.  He  wears  a  Scots  cap,  a  legal  wig,  and  a 
tartan  dress,  inflated  at  the  hips,  but  defining  his  knees  and  showing  bare 
legs  with  tartan  socks.  Below  the  title :  Sacred  Characters.  Cf .  No.  8480,  &c. 
I2|x8|in. 

9033  STURDY  BEGGARS  OR  SUPPORTED  BY  VOLUNTARY' 
CONTRIBUTION! 

Design' d  drawn  &  etch'd  by  R^  Newton 

London  Pub  by  R  Newton  N°  13  Bridges  St  Covent  Garden  October  13 
1797 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    A  very  fat  John  Bull,  surrounded  by 
suppliants,  stands  full-face,  larger  in  scale  than  the  other  figures  and  form- 
ing the  centre  of  the  design.   He  is  in  shirt-sleeves,  his  hands  deep  in  his 
'  The  prefix  'in*  to  'voluntary'  is  scored  through. 
361 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

breeches  pockets ;  he  looks  sideways  at  Pitt,  his  face  wrinkled  in  suspicious 
calculation.  Pitt  (r.)  kneels,  hat  in  hand,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  extending 
a  (patched)  hat  for  alms :  Consider  Johnny  it  is  not  for  myself  I  beg  but  for  a 
Great  Family  your  Charity!  On  the  extreme  r.  is  the  monstrous  profile  of 
George  III  with  a  hand  holding  out  a  hat;  he  says:  Hay!  Hay!  a  large 
Family  a  very  large  Family.  John.  [Cf.  No.  8661.]  John  answers  Pitt: 
What  would  you  strip  me  you  unconcinahle  fellow!  why  you  wont  leave  me 
a  bed  to  lye  on!  consider  the  hard  Times  Billy!  nothing  stirring  Starvation 
is  the  order  of  the  day!!!  Dundas  (1.),  in  Highland  dress,  kneels  in  profile 
to  the  r.,  holding  out  his  Scots  cap  in  both  hands;  he  says:  The  Flat  melts 
a  little  more  gammon  Billy  theres  an  Abraham  Newland  [bank-note,  cf. 
No.  7839]  peeping  out  already.  The  Duke  of  Clarence,  behind  Dundas, 
wearing  sailor's  trousers,  says  /  shall  be  in  a  Pretty  Pickle  [cf.  No.  7835,  &c.] 
if  I  get  none  of  your  charity.  Fox's  head  projects  into  the  design  from  the 
1.  margin,  saying.  When  you  are  in  stispicious  company  Johiy  Keep  your 
Hands  in  your  Pockets  [these  are  evidently  well  filled]. 

A  satire  on  the  Loyalty  Loan,  opened  Dec.  1796,  the  first  instalment 
being  payable  on  31  Oct.  1797.  It  had  fallen  to  a  heavy  discount,  entailing 
loss  on  the  subscribers.  See  No.  8842,  &c.  Addington's  suggestion  of  a 
legalized  voluntary  contribution  was  not  made  till  4  Dec.  'Pickle'  is  an 
allusion  to  Mrs.  Jordan. 
9iXi3iin. 

9034  THE  DUTCH  IN  AN  UPROAR  OR  THE  BATAVIAN  RE- 
PUBLIC CRYING  FOR  WINTER! 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  OcV^  15  lygy  by  S  W Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly.  NB  Folios 

of  Caracatures  Lent 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Dutchmen  (T.Q.L.)  sit  on  both  sides 
of  a  narrow  council  table,  on  one  end  of  which  sits,  full-face,  a  Dutchman 
in  a  chair  of  state.  He  smokes  a  pipe,  wears  a  hat,  and  an  ermine-trimmed 
robe  over  his  clumsy  jacket  and  breeches.  A  post-boy,  whip  in  hand, 
stands  by  the  table  (1.)  holding  out  a  scroll:  Account  of  the  Total  Defeat 
of  the  Dutch  Fleet.  The  news  is  received  with  expressions  of  rage  and 
horror.  The  president,  whose  words  issue  in  a  cloud  of  tobacco-smoke, 
says:  The  English  have  taken  all  our  Colonies;  Our  rich  Merchants  are  all 
fled  &  carried  of  thier  Property;  John  Bull  has  nozo  compleatly  ruined  our 

Navy  and  I  suppose  our  D d  Ally  Mounseer  will  next  cut  up  our  Breeches 

to  make  Pantalloons  [cf.  No.  8613].  A  man  in  the  foreground  (1.),  a  bottle 
of  Gin  projecting  from  his  pocket,  bawls.  Oh  Dear  what  can  the  matter  be 
Let  us  all  be  unhappy  together.  An  elderly  man  leans  forward  to  read  the 
bad  news,  saying.  It  is  all  over  with  us  now.  A  man  behind  him  clenches 
his  fist  furiously,  shouting  So  I  think,  you  stink  so  confoundedly  sit  down. 
A  man  on  the  r.,  clutching  his  head,  says:  That  Gulliver  Duncan  has  Swam 
of  with  the  Whole  Fleet.  A  Frenchman  sitting  inconspicuously  behind  the 
President's  chair  takes  a  pinch  of  snuff^,  saying:  Aha  Ma  chere  Nic  Frog 
now  your  nails  are  pared  and  your  Teeth  Drawn  We^ II  presently  shew  you  our 
Intentions  I  warrant  you.  He  is  probably  Noel,  the  French  Minister 
at  the  Hague.  On  the  table  is  a  large  map  of  an  extended  France  on 
which  is  marked:  Holland  Department  85.  With  this  is  a  Plan  of  the 
Invasions  of  England  Ireland  Scotland  the  Cape  of  Good  hope  Gibralter 
East  &  West  Indies  China  &c.  &c.  &c.  &c. 

362 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1797 

On  II  Oct.  Duncan  defeated  the  Dutch  fleet  under  de  Winter  off 
Camperdown,  nine  of  the  sixteen  Dutch  ships  and  two  frigates  being  taken. 
The  fighting-power  of  the  Dutch  navy  was  destroyed.  Cf.  No.  9046. 
de  Winter  put  to  sea  under  pressure  from  the  French  for  a  project  which 
he  considered  chimerical:  an  attack  on  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow  to  be 
followed  by  a  landing  in  the  north  of  Ireland.  Desbriere,  Projets  et  Tenta- 
tives  de  Debarquement  aux  lies  britannigues,  1900,  i.  257-67;  Wolfe  Tone, 
Memoirs,  1827,  ii.  254-9.  The  Cape  of  Good  Hope  had  been  captured  in 
Sept.  1795,  Ceylon  shortly  afterwards.  For  the  chaotic  internal  condition 
of  the  Republic  see  [Legrand]  La  Rev.  frangaise  en  Hollande,  1894, 
pp.  146  ff.  For  French  schemes  of  invasion,  see  No.  8432,  &c.,  and 
especially  No.  8642.  Cf.  No.  8608,  &c.  News  of  Camperdown  reached 
London  on  13  Oct.,  see  No.  9046. 

Listed  by  Broadley. 
9/eXH8  in. 

9035   THE  OPENING  OF  PARLIAMENT  OR  THE  AIR  GUN- 
PLOT  OR  THE  INFAMOUS  ATTACK  ON  HIS  MAJESTY 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

London   Pub  N  2  lygy  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly   Folios  of 
Caracatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  King  sits  in  his  glass  coach  which 
is  driven  1.  to  r.  and  diagonally  away  from  the  spectator.  He  points  with 
surprise  at  a  hole  in  the  glass  formed  by  the  impact  of  a  blast  from  the 
posteriors  of  Fox,  who  is  in  a  window  to  the  r.  Stanhope  leans  on  Fox's 
back  directing  the  blast ;  within  the  window,  but  in  shadow,  is  ( ?)  Grey. 
Stones  fly  through  the  air  and  a  dead  cat  lies  on  the  roof  of  the  coach, 
which  is  surrounded  by  an  angry  mob  of  H.L.  figures;  among  them  are 
two  constables  with  long  staves.  The  coachman  lashes  his  horses.  A  man 
prepares  to  hurl  a  cat.  A  fainting  woman  is  supported  by  an  elderly  man. 
An  elderly  and  grotesque  man  (r.)  sits  on  the  shoulders  of  another,  applaud- 
ing the  outrage. 

The  opening  of  Parliament  on  2  Nov.  passed  off  without  incident.  The 
leaders  of  the  Opposition  were  absent  (see  No.  9018)  and  the  Address  was 
carried  without  a  division.  Lond.  Chron.,  3  Nov.  The  satire  is  reminiscent 
of  1795,  see  No.  868 1,  and  also  ridicules  the  'Pop-Gun  Plot'  (a  name  given 
by  Sheridan) :  two  members  of  the  London  Corresponding  Society  'framed* 
other  members  against  whom  they  had  a  grudge.  The  alleged  plot  was 
to  assassinate  the  King  by  blowing  a  poisoned  dart  through  a  brass  tube. 
For  this  Crossfield,  one  of  the  framers,  was  tried  for  high  treason  at  the 
Old  Bailey  on  11  and  12  May  1796,  and  acquitted,  see  Trial  (B.M.h.  228. 
i.  14) ;  Ann.  Reg.,  1796, 120*  ff.  See  also  P.  T.  Lemaitre,  High  Treason!! . . ., 
1795;  B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27,808,  ff.  119-36,  and  a  ballad,  'The  Pop-Gun 
Plot  Found  out  or,  Ministers  in  the  Dumps',  which  ends: 

But,  Britons  be  not  dup'd  by  such  base  insinuations. 
For  those  that  cry  "Stop  thief!"  are  the  rogues  that  rob  the  nation 
Of  their  treasure  and  their  liberty — but  soon  the  times  will  alter, 
And  they'll  all  be  rewarded  with  a  Gu — t — ne  or  h — It — r, 

As  sure  as  a  Gun,  &c. 

Cf.  No.  9188. 

9X  14I  in. 

363 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9036  GET  YE  GONE  RAW  HEAD  AND  BLOODY  BONES— HERE 
IS  A  CHILD  THAT  DON'T  FEAR  YOU!! 

London  Pu¥  by  Will""  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  S*  Nov.  5  lygy 

Aquatint.  Pitt,  a  naked  spectral  creature,  advances  menacingly  towards 
Fox,  who  is  scarcely  caricatured,  and  who  holds  his  ground,  r.  leg  raised 
as  if  about  to  kick,  snapping  his  fingers  in  Pitt's  face.  Pitt  (1.)  is  very  thin 
and  tall,  with  large  head  and  glaring  eyeballs.  Fox  holds  out  his  three- 
cornered  hat  in  his  1,  hand  as  if  speaking  in  the  House  of  Commons ;  his 
waistcoat  is  unbuttoned,  allowing  his  shirt  to  escape. 
9^X13-1  in. 

9037  LOYAL  SOULS;— OR— A  PEEP  INTO  THE  MESS-ROOM, 
AT  ST  JAMES'S. 

y^Gyd.  &  fed- 
Pub^  Nov''  14'^  1797-  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James s  Street 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Fifteen  officers  sit  round  a  roughly  made 
table  on  which  are  decanters  and  fruit.  A  stout  officer  ( ?  Captain  Dottin') 
r.,  in  an  arm-chair,  gives  the  toast  The  King,  all  raise  their  glasses  with 
varying  expressions.  The  Duke  of  York,  spilling  his  wine,  looks  tipsily 
towards  Dottin.  Only  one  man  stands,  straddling  across  the  seat  of  his 
chair,  a  decanter  of  Tokay  in  his  1.  hand.  Captain  Birch,^  caricatured  as  in 
No.  9068,  sits  on  the  Duke's  I.  The  officer  on  the  extreme  1.,  looking  down 
slyly,  resembles  General  Davies,  see  No.  9442.  Next  him,  a  very  fat  officer 
is  smoking  a  pipe,  a  paper  of  tobacco  on  the  table  in  front  of  him,  a  bottle 
of  Gin  under  his  chair.  The  third  profile  from  the  1.  resembles  that  of 
Prince  William  of  Gloucester.  Wright  and  Evans  add  Col.  Jekyl:  the 
profile  on  the  extreme  r.  has  a  family  likeness  to  that  of  Joseph  Jekyll, 
none  resembles  the  Col.  Jekyll  of  No.  7330.  All  wear  cocked  hats.  The 
decanters  or  bottles  on  the  table  are  labelled  Champa[gne],  Claret,  Bur- 
gundy. Under  the  table  are  more  bottles,  and  empty  bottles  lie  on  the 
ground,  with  broken  glasses,  a  pineapple,  and  an  orange.  The  floor  is 
boarded  and  the  table  roughly  made,  but  the  chairs  are  ornate  and  deco- 
rated with  ormolu. 

A  burlesque  of  officers  of  different  regiments  of  the  Guards  (who  could 
not  have  been  in  the  mess-room  on  the  same  day). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  231.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  445.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9l6Xi4in. 

A  copy  of  No.  9037  was  published  in  London  und  Paris,  i,  1798  (June), 
and  is  explained,  pp.  109-10,  but  is  missing  from  the  B.M.L.  copy.  The 
description  stresses  its  bacchanalian  character  and  states  that  the  expedi- 
tion to  Ostend  (see  No.  9232)  was  prematurely  revealed  through  the 
drunkenness  of  a  Guards  officer. 

9038  THE  WONDERFUL  STRONG  MAN!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N  50.  Oxford  S*  Nobr  J5.  1797. 
Aquatint.  John  Bull  stands  full-face,  supporting  a  monstrous  burden ;  he 

'  Identification  on  print.  Abel  Rous  Dottin  was  captain  in  the  2nd  Life  Guards. 
Army  List,  1797. 

^  James  Birch  was  lieutenant  in  the  First  Life  Guards,  Thomas  Birch  a  captain 
in  the  Sixteenth  Light  Dragoons.   Ibid.,  1797. 

364 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

is  short  in  proportion  to  his  breadth  by  reason  of  the  weight  which  presses 
on  him,  drops  fall  down  his  face ;  his  breeches  pockets,  inscribed  Empty ^ 
hang  inside  out.  On  his  shoulders  sits  Pitt,  his  slim  ankles  crossed  under 
John's  chin.  On  his  back,  behind  Pitt  and  extending  far  beyond  his 
shoulders,  is  a  vast  burden  inscribed  (1.):  Subsidies — Taxes!!  Taxes — More 
Taxes!!  More  Taxes!!!! ;  and  r. :  Subsidies — Taxes — Debt — More  Money!! 
On  one  end  (1.)  sits  Dundas,  looking  to  the  1.,  in  Highland  dress;  on  the 
other  sits  a  schoolboy,  evidently  intended  for  Canning.  On  the  top  of  the 
burden  stand  seven  men,  all  wearing  ribbons  and  evidently  representing 
•placemen  and  pensioners ;  they  support  on  their  hands  and  heads  a  long 
treasure-chest,  heavily  padlocked  and  inscribed:  Benefices — Candle  ends 
and  Cheese  Parings.  On  the  r.  and  1.  of  this  sit  jauntily  two  corpulent 
parsons,  hands  on  hips.  Between  them,  a  hand  on  the  head  of  each,  stands, 
full-face,  a  stout  and  grinning  bishop,  with  inflated  lawn  sleeves.  His  mitre 
forms  the  apex  of  the  monstrous  pyramid.  Pitt  turns  his  head  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  he  and  Dundas  have  expressions  of  concern ;  all  the  others  appear 
complacent  or  pleased. 

One  of  many  satires  on  the  burden  of  taxation,  cf.  No.  9017.  The  drain 
of  subsidies  to  allies  (see  No.  8821,  &c.)  was  suspended,  since  England 
had  no  ally  (Portugal  excepted).  'Candle  ends  and  cheese  parings'  was  a 
phrase  attributed  to  Windham,  for  which  he  was  much  pilloried — a  'fabri- 
cated quotation',  according  to  Cobbett.  Cobbett's  Annual  Register,  ii,  1802, 
p.  143.  Cf.  Nos.  9046,  9052,  9157,  9169,  9515. 
22|Xio^  in. 

9039  LE  COUP  DE  MAITRE. 

y^Gyfed 

Pu¥  Nov^  24^^  ^797'  ^  H.  Humphrey  2y  S^  James* s  Street  London 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  (r.),  a  hairy  French  ruffian,  lunges 
fiercely  forward,  to  aim  a  pistol  inscribed  La  Mort  point-blank  at  a  target 
symbolizing  the  British  constitution  (see  No.  8287,  &c.).  In  his  1.  hand 
he  holds  behind  him  a  dagger,  its  blade  inscribed  Fraternite.  He  is  coatless 
and  wears  a  French  cocked  hat  inscribed  Liberie,  with  a  tricolour  cockade. 
A  miniature  bonnet-rouge  inscribed  Egalite  hangs  from  the  lapel  of  his 
waistcoat.  From  one  pocket  hangs  a  paper:  2  y^^  Certificat  de  Civisme; 
from  another:  Delenda  .  .  .  Carth[ago].  His  shirt-sleeves  are  rolled,  the  r. 
sleeve  in  tatters,  his  breeches  torn  and  unbuttoned  at  the  knee,  his  stock- 
ings hang  in  festoons  round  his  ankles.  The  target  hangs  by  a  ribbon  from 
the  gnarled  branch  of  an  old  oak  (1.),  the  bull's-eye  is  the  crown,  the  inner 
ring  is  inscribed  Lords,  the  outer  Commons.  There  is  a  landscape  back- 
ground. After  the  title:  This  Print  copied  from  the  French  Original,  is 
dedicated  to  the  London  Corresponding  Society. 

One  of  many  satires  on  Fox  as  a  furious  Jacobin,  cf.  No.  8310.  The 
date  on  his  'Certificat  .  .  .*  implies  that  he  has  earned  it  for  services 
rendered  in  the  September  massacres,  cf.  No.  8122.  On  i  Aug.  1793 
Barere  said,  in  the  name  of  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety,  'La  Carthage 
moderne  sera  detruite.'  Sorel,  Bonaparte  et  Hoche,  p.  252.  For  the  London 
Corresponding  Society  see  No.  9189,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  222-3.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  203.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
10JX14  in. 

365 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9040  TRUANT  SCHOOL-BOYS  RETURNING  TO  THEIR  DUTY!! 

London  Pu¥  by  William  Holland.  N  50.  Oxford  St.  No^^  26.  1797. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  runs  angrily  forward  from  a  door- 
way on  the  1.,  holding  out  a  birch-rod  in  his  1.  hand  towards  a  procession 
of  trembling  truants,  each  with  a  bag  of  books.  Fox  is  their  leader,  a 
handkerchief  held  in  front  of  a  wary  and  apprehensive  eye;  Sheridan 
follows  him;  both  are  in  tatters.  Grey,  next,  is  in  slightly  better  case; 
beside  him  trots  the  diminutive  M.  A.  Taylor,  covering  his  face  with  his 
hand;  at  his  feet  are  a  hen  and  chickens  (see  No.  6777).  Last  comes 
Erskine,  a  handkerchief  to  his  eye.  All  wear  bonnets-rouges  and  all  have 
expressions  of  angry  alarm,  Pitt  says :  O  you  pack  of  sad  Jacobin  Rascals, 
So.  because  you  could  not  bar  me  out  of  my  own  School  you  went  off  in  the 
sulks!  I've  had  a  Rod  in  pickle  for  you  some  time  and  I'll  tickle  your  Tobys' 
to  the  tune  of  Cg.  iraH  Behind  him,  in  the  shadow  of  the  doorway,  are 
three  men,  only  two  of  whom  are  characterized:  Dundas  in  a  Scots  cap, 
and  a  bawling  man  perhaps  intended  for  Grenville. 

A  satire  on  the  secession  of  the  Opposition  leaders  from  Parliament,  see 
No.  9018,  &c.    They  did  not  reappear  until  14  Dec,  when  they  opposed 
the  Assessed  Taxes  Bill,  see  No.  9043,  and  Fox's  entry  was  received 
with  a  burst  of  applause.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  11 00. 
lof  X  16J  in. 

9041  LEARNING  TO  MAKE  APPLE  DUMPLINGS 
R^  Newton  des  et  fecit 

London  Pub  No  13  Brydges  St  Covent  Garden  Nov  27  1797 

Engraving.  A  grotesque  old  crone  sits  at  a  table  in  the  window  of  her 
cottage,  kneading  large  and  symmetrical  dumplings.  She  looks  up  at  the 
King,  who  leans  through  the  casement,  directing  his  telescope  at  the 
dumplings.  He  wears  a  hunting-cap  and  holds  a  whip,  and  says:  Hay! 
Hay!  Apple  Dumplings  how  got  the  Apples  in  how  are  they  made  without 
Seams!!  Through  the  window  is  seen  a  signpost  To  Windsor. 

An  illustration  to  the  lines  of  Peter  Pindar  in  An  Apologetic  Postscript  to 
Ode  upon  Ode  called  'The  Apple  Dumplings  and  a  King'.   The  King: 

Enter' d  through  curiosity  a  cot. 

Where  sat  a  poor  old  woman  and  her  pot. 

In  tempting  row  the  naked  dumplings  lay, 
When,  lo!  the  Monarch,  in  his  usual  way. 
Like  lightning  spoke,  "What's  this?  whats  this?  What?  what? 

Cf.  No.  8616. 
13!  X  9  in. 

9042  MORE  BABES  IN  THE  WOOD!! 

London   Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  50  Oxford  S^  Nov.  1797. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Fox  and  Sheridan  sit  with  their  feet  in 
the  stocks,  each  smoking  a  short  pipe.  Fox  directs  a  fierce  glare  at  Pitt, 
who  stands  (r.)  in  profile  to  the  (1.),  correct  and  impassive,  holding  a  tall 
constable's  staff.  Pitt  is  grotesquely  thin ;  he  wears  a  large  round  hat  over 
his  bag-wig,  and  a  long  old-fashioned  coat  with  wide  cuffs. 
9|xi3jin. 

366 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

9043  MORE  VISITORS  TO  JOHN  BULL,  OR  THE  ASSESS'D 
TAXES!!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N°  30.  Oxford  Street  Decembr  j<*  1797- 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull  (r.)  stands  in  profile  to  the 
1.,  gaping  in  terror  at  four  little  demons,  grotesque,  naked,  and  senile,  who 
approach  him  with  calculating  and  complacent  grins.  His  knees  bend,  his 
hands  are  thrust  in  his  coat  pockets ;  he  says :  What  do  you  want  you  little 
Devils — an't  I  plagued  with  enough  of  you  already  more  pick  poket  Work, 
I  suppose!!  Their  leader  stands  forward  with  a  mock  deprecatory  gesture ; 
the  next  demon  holds  a  large  book.  They  say:  Please  your  Honor  we  are 
the  assessed  Taxes. 

A  satire  on  the  tripling  of  the  assessed  taxes  proposed  by  Pitt  in  his 
famous  budget  speech,  24  Nov.  1797.  These  were  taxes  on  persons  accord- 
ing to  their  expenditure  (inhabited  houses,  male  servants,  carriages,  &c.) ; 
it  was  an  attempt  at  direct  taxation,  heavily  graduated  to  tax  the  rich  at 
a  higher  (five-fold)  rate  and  with  exemptions  and  abatements  for  small 
incomes.  This  was  Pitt's  'plan  of  finance'  to  support  the  war  without 
recourse  to  loans,  intended  to  demonstrate  to  Europe  England's  determina- 
tion and  unity:  'to  check  a  little  the  presumptions  of  Jacobins  at  home  and 
abroad.'  (Pitt  to  Spencer,  22  Oct.  1797.  Navy  Records  Soc,  Spencer 
Papers,  1914,  ii.  214.)  It  roused  much  clamour  as  inquisitorial,  degrading, 
&c.  The  Opposition  returned  to  Parliament  to  oppose  the  Bill,  see  No. 
9040.  Pitt's  reply  on  14  Dec.  was  a  masterpiece  of  exposition.  Pari.  Hist. 
xxxiii.  1043-58,  1066  ff.,  1 100  ff.,  1 146  if. ;  Pellew,  Life  of  Lord  Sidmouth, 
i.  199  ff.;  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  pp.  328-30;  Dowell,  Hist,  of 
Taxation,  ii.  220  ff.;  Seligman,  The  Income  Tax,  1914,  p.  65.  See  Nos. 
9046,  9050,  9051,  9052,  9159,  9161,  9162,  9190,  9195,  9280  (a  sequel  to 
No.  9043).  For  the  Income  Tax  see  No.  9363,  &c. 
9^Xiif  in. 

9044  THIS  IS  THE  HOUSE  FOR  CASH  BUILT!! 

Pu¥  Dec''  r^  1797  by  S.W.  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  Corner  of  Sack- 
ville  St — Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  design  in  ten  numbered  compart- 
ments arranged  in  two  rows,  an  inscription  in  the  upper  part  of  each. 
I  This  is  the  House  for  Cash  built!  A  view  of  The  Treasury:  a  corridor 
leading  from  an  archway  in  a  stone  wall,  2  This  is  the  Cole  [money,  cf. 
No.  7924,  &c.]  that  lay  in  a  hole  in  the  midst  of  the  House  . . .  [&c.].  A  circle 
of  sacks,  their  mouths  converging  on  a  heap  of  guineas ;  coins  escape  from 
holes  in  the  sacks.  3  This  is  the  Youth  who  to  speak  the  truth  look'd  after 
the  Cole,  that .  .  .  [&c.].  Pitt,  his  head  in  profile  to  the  1.,  sits  on  a  bundle 
which  from  its  shape  appears  to  contain  all  the  sacks  in  2.  4  This  is  the 
Scot  of  fortunate  lot  whoflatterd  the  youth  who  .  .  .  [&c.].  Dundas,  wearing 
tartan,  with  Scots  cap  and  plaid,  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.  5  This  is  the 
Patriot  shatterd  and  shorn  once  in  esteem  but  now  forlorn  a  friend  to  the 
Scot .  .  .  [&c.].  Wilkes  (d.  26  Dec.  1797)  stands  full-face,  in  old-fashioned 
but  elegant  dress.  6  This  is  the  Boy  with  speech  Complete  who  spent  all  his 
money  before  it  was  meete,  that  smiled  at  the  patriot .  .  .  [&c.].  Fox  (never 
favourable  to  Wilkes)  stands  directed  to  the  r.,  hat  in  hand,  as  if  in  the 
Commons.  7  This  is  the  Lad  for  dashing  away,  who  on  every  subject  has 
something  to  say,  that  stuck  close  to  the  Boy . . .  [&c.] .  Sheridan  stands  directed 

367 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

to  the  L,  his  head  in  profile,  r.  hand  outstretched  in  an  oratorical  gesture, 
a  paper  in  his  1.  hand.  8  This  is  a  Blade  in  Jesuit  rug  who  wrote  a  book  to 
make  himself  snug,  but  frowned  on  the  lad  .  .  .  [&c.].  Burke,  wearing  a 
biretta  and  cassock  (cf.  No.  6026),  with  a  shawl  or  rug  hanging  from  his 
shoulders,  stands  directed  to  the  r.,  his  head  in  profile.  He  holds  a  large 
book:  Am[wer]  to  Pain[es]  Rights  of  [Man],  and  scowls  through  his 
spectacles  with  an  expression  of  pedantic  arrogance.  (For  Burke's  quarrel 
with  Sheridan  (1790)  see  No,  7627,  &c.  His  book,  see  No.  7675,  &c.,  was 
answered  by  Paine's  Rights  of  Man,  see  No.  7867,  &c.)  9  This  is  the  Judge 
with  eyes  like  a  Hawk,  and  is  highly  delighted  to  hear  himself  talk,  that  shook 
hand  with  the  blade  .  .  .  [&c.].  Loughborough,  in  Chancellor's  wig  and 
gown,  stands  directed  to  the  1.,  holding  his  mace  against  his  r.  shoulder, 
the  purse  of  the  Great  Seal  in  his  1.  hand.  10  This  is  the  Nobleman  governed 
by  Gall — who  grumbled  look'd  black  and  Damn'd  them  all  [cf.  No.  7320] — 
not  excepting  the  Judge  .  .  .  [&c.].  Thurlow,  directed  to  the  1.,  sits  scowling 
in  a  high-backed  chair,  wearing  a  hat,  his  hands  on  his  thighs. 

For  an  earlier  parody  of  The  House  that  Jack  built  see  No.  8163  (1791). 
i2f  Xi7f  in. 

9045  THE  FRIEND  OF  HUMANITY  AND  THE  KNIFE- 
GRINDER, — Scene.  The  Borough,  in  Imitation  of  M^  Southey's  Sapphics, 
— Vide.  Anti-Jacobin,  p.  15. 

[Gillray  f.,  after  Sneyd.] 

London.  Pu¥  Dec*  4'*  1797-  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S*  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Tierney  (not  caricatured)  stands  directed 
to  the  r.,  with  1,  hand  raised  in  reproof  to  the  knife-grinder  (r.),  who  pushes 
his  barrow  with  a  shuffling  gait.  The  latter's  hat,  coat,  and  breeches  are 
torn  and  he  has  a  fixed,  insinuating  grin.  Behind  him  is  the  door  of  an  ale- 
house, the  sign  of  the  Chequers  hanging  from  a  beam  inscribed  Best  Brown 
Stout.  On  the  lintel  is  Dealer  in  Brandy  Rum  &  Gin.  Tierney  has  short 
hair,  wears  a  round  hat,  double-breasted  coat,  and  half-boots,  and  holds 
a  stick.  Behind  him  a  street  recedes  diagonally  to  the  r.,  the  nearest  house 
inscribed  Tierney  &  Liberty.  In  front  of  this  is  a  coach  with  an  earl's 
coronet,  and  two  footmen  standing  behind ;  a  horseman  advances  towards 
it  from  the  r.  Beneath  the  title  is  etched  in  two  columns  the  well-known 
parody  of  Southey  by  Frere  and  Canning  published  in  the  second  number 
of  the  Anti-Jacobin  (27  Nov.).^  The  fourth  verse  begins  "(Have  you  not 
read  the  Rights  of  Man,  by  Tom  Paine?).  Beside  the  verses:  To  the  Inde- 
pendent Electors  of  the  Borough  of  Southwark,  this  Print  is  most  respectfully 
dedicated — 

Tierney,  M.P.  for  Southwark,  became  prominent  in  Parliament  on  the 
secession  of  the  Whigs  (see  No.  9018),  in  which  he  refused  to  join.  He  fits 
the  part  of  'Friend  of  Humanity'  from  his  successful  petition  against  the 
return  of  Thellusson  for  Southwark  for  notorious  breaches  of  the  (com- 
monly ignored)  Treating  Act.  See  Olphin,  George  Tierney,  1934,  pp.  27- 
40;  Diary  of  Lord  Colchester,  i.  80  f.  He  was  noted  for  'extreme  parsi- 
mony', Lady  Holland's  Journal,  1908,  i.  171-2.  The  verses  were  sent  to 
Sneyd  by  Frere  before  publication,  saying  that  he  and  Canning  would  like 
a  sketch  by  him  (apparently  to  be  etched  by  Gillray):  'the  words  "needy 
knife  grinder"  indicate  a  thin  long  nose,  but  I  beg  you  to  observe  how 
carefully  we  have  provided  for  the  scenery  and  the  background,  the 

'  Beginning,  'Needy  knife-grinder!  whither  are  you  going?' 

368 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

Chequers  and  the  parish  stocks  with  the  coach  at  a  distance  and  a  pampered 
menial  behind'.  On  7  Dec.  [sic]  Sneyd  wrote  to  Gillray:  'By  Mr  C's  desire 
I  tried  to  draw  a  knife-grinder  .  .  .,  which  if  it  comes  under  your  hand 
will  be  much  improved.'  Frere  wrote  later  to  Sneyd:  'I  suppose  the  secret 
of  my  not  having  sent  you  the  Knife  Grinder  was  that  I  was  ashamed  of 
it.  Gillray  certainly  has  bedevilled  it  and  destroyed  all  the  simplicity  of 
the  idea.'  Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends,  1909,  i.  137  f.,  139, 143.  Gillray, 
having  applied  the  verses  to  Tierney,  placed  the  scene  in  Southwark  and 
ignored  the  'parish  stocks'.  'Southey's  Sapphics'  are  also  ridiculed  in 
No.  9240. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  223-4.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  174.   Reproduced, 
Edmonds,  Poetry  of  the  Anti-Jacobin,  1890,  p.  23. 
9X9I  in.  PI.  I4ix  10  in. 

9046  THE  VICTORIOUS  PROCESSION  TO  ST  PAULS.  OR  BILLY'S 
GRAND  TRIUMPHAL  ENTRY   a  Prelude 

IC^'Del  [Cruikshank.] 

London   Pub  Dec  11  lygy  by  S  W  Fores.  30  Piccadilly — Folios  of 
Caricatures  Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  satirical  anticipation  of  the  procession 
to  St.  Paul's  for  the  national  thanksgiving  for  the  naval  victories.'  In  front 
(1.)  stands  Lord  Hawkesbury,  full-face,  holding  up  a  large  scroll:  A  Correct 
Plan  how  10,000  men  may  march  to  Paris  by  the  High  Road  without  being 
seen  or  obstructed  by  a  Turnpike.  H — k — y.  Next  walks  Canning,  a  pair 
of  compasses  in  his  r.  hand,  in  his  1.  a  ruler  marked  in  inches.  He  says: 
By  these  I  Can  measure  the  Capacity  of  all  the  cabinets  of  Europe.  He  is 
followed  by  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  in  regimentals,  holding  a  model  of 
a  group  of  fortifications  (see  No.  6921,  &c,).  Next  walks  Loughborough 
in  Chancellor's  wig  and  gown,  holding  a  similar  model  on  his  head  inscribed 
Fortifications  of  Dunkirk ;  in  his  1.  hand  he  holds  a  ribbon  which  draws  a 
small  cannon  actualy  taken  from  the  French  at  Dunkirk.  Behind  him  walks 
Wilberforce,  head  in  air,  holding  an  open  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  but  with 
a  cocked  pistol  in  his  1.  hand  behind  his  back;  from  his  pocket  issues  a 
paper:  Slave  Trade.  Next  walks  George  Rose,  stooping  under  a  heavy 
burden  and  covering  his  face  with  his  hand;  he  says:  The  Weight  of  these 
Honors  makes  me  blush  like  the  new  Blown  Rose.  Strapped  to  his  back  and 
towering  above  his  head  are  bundles  inscribed :  Places,  Pensions,  Sinecures^ 
Profits,  Rewards  for  past  Services,  Expectances,  Appointments,  Emoluments 
&c  &c.  (Cf.  No.  7872.)  The  next  man  balances  on  his  nose,  like  a  juggler, 
an  erection  of  sticks  crossing  at  r.  angles  from  which  dangle  little  squares 
inscribed  respectively:  Prussia  (twice),  Den'',  Spain  Venice,  France  Italy, 
Holland,  Sweden,  Portugal.  This  is  surmounted  by  the  Pitt  crest  of  a  stork 
and  anchor  indicating,  as  does  his  star,  the  Earl  of  Chatham  (President  of 
the  Council).  After  him  walks  a  bishop  in  lawn  sleeves  and  mitre,  a  drawn 
sword  in  his  r.  hand,  a  large  book  under  his  1.  arm.  He  says:  People  have 
nothing  to  do  but  to  Obey,  showing  that  he  is  Horsley,  Bishop  of  Rochester, 
see  No.  8703.  Next  comes  a  bull,  John  Bull,  wearing  a  muzzle  which  is 
heavily  padlocked  (see  No.  8781),  signifying  the  Treason  and  Sedition  Acts, 

'  First  of  June,  1794  (see  No.  8469),  Cape  St.  Vincent,  19  Feb.  1797  (see  No. 
8992),  Camperdown,  ii  Oct.  1797  (see  No.  9034),  Many  prints  of  these  actions 
are  in  the  B.M. 

369  Bb 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

see  No.  8687,  &c.);  he  says:  /  would  complain  if  I  dared.  On  his  back  sits 
Pitt,  straddling  across  enormous  saddle-bags  which  reach  almost  to  the 
ground,  inscribed  Taxes  Trebled  Quadrupled  &c,  and  filled  with  papers 
inscribed  Tax.  Under  his  r.  arm  he  holds  a  model  of  the  Bank  of  England 
(symbolizing  the  Bank  Restriction  Act,  see  No.  8990,  &c.);  in  his  1.  hand 
is  a  flag:  Prusia  Mourning  for  the  Money  not  the  Man.  Two  henchmen  walk 
beside  the  bull's  neck ;  one  holds  up  a  torch  and  a  knife,  the  other  a  fringed 
banner  on  which  is  depicted  a  soldier  bayoneting  a  woman  and  infant 
outside  a  burning  house ;  an  Irish  harp  shows  that  the  scene  is  in  Ireland. 
From  it  waves  a  scroll :  A  new  mode  of  reconciling  a  Distracted  People.  On 
the  ground  lies  a  paper:  Opposition  an  old  Song.  The  bull  is  followed  by 
Windham,  who  holds  a  plan  on  a  roller;  he  points  to  the  inscription: 
Quiberon,  with  an  exact  representation  of  the  manner  of  Killing  off;  below 
are  cannon  firing  point-blank  at  falling  and  prostrate  soldiers.  Behind  him 
walks  a  man  whose  profile,  but  not  his  tall  thin  figure,  suggests  Grenville. 
A  pen  is  stuck  through  his  wig  and  from  his  pocket  hangs  a  paper,  18,000 
Per  Ann.  (cf.  No.  8061).  He  carries  a  flag  inscribed  Savings  on  which  are 
depicted  rats  on  a  table  gnawing  a  candle-end  and  fragments  of  food.  The 
procession  ends  with  a  group  of  three  Scots :  Dundas,  in  Highland  dress 
and  feathered  bonnet,  between  two  men  wearing  tartan  with  Scots  caps. 
All  three  caper,  scratching  themselves  violently  (cf.  No.  7152).  One  says 
to  Dundas  Hoot  lad  we  re  come  to  get  some  Places ;  he  answers :  What!  three 
more  Secretaries  [see  No.  9052,  &c.]. 

A  comprehensive  satire  whose  central  point  is  the  burden  of  taxation, 
especially  the  tripling  of  the  Assessed  Taxes,  see  No.  9043,  &c.  For 
Hawkesbury  and  the  'march  to  Paris',  see  No.  8826,  &c. :  as  in  that  print, 
he  is  associated  with  Canning,  Under-Secretary  for  Foreign  Affairs  since 
1796.  The  failure  of  the  siege  of  Dunkirk  (No.  8341),  for  which  Richmond 
was  blamed,  destroyed  hopes  of  a  speedy  end  to  the  war.  Wilberforce's 
concealed  pistol  may  denote  the  canard  (May  1797)  that  he  had  tried  to 
excite  a  mutiny  (Coupland,  Wilberforce,  1923,  p.  211).  News  of  the  death 
of  the  King  of  Prussia  reached  London  on  27  Nov. :  he  was  stigmatized 
as  'the  first  to  desert  the  common  cause,  after  having  received  a  large 
subsidy  from  Great  Britain'.  Lond.  Chron.,  28  Nov.  1797.  Under  martial 
law  (proclaimed  13  Mar.  1797)  troops  in  North  Ireland,  without  discipline, 
burned,  plundered,  and  murdered  till  they  were  restrained  by  Abercromby, 
who  succeeded  Carhampton  in  Nov.  1797.  (Lecky,  Hist,  of  England,  vii. 
278  If.)  For  the  failure  of  the  expedition  to  Quiberon,  urged  upon  the 
Cabinet  by  Windham,  see  No.  8669,  &c.  For  the  'Savings'  cf.  No.  9038,  &c. 

The  procession  to  St.  Paul's  (of  19  Dec.)  was  anticipated  also  by  an 
inflammatory  broadside  published  by  the  London  Corresponding  Society 
for  the  occasion:  *A  Creed  . . .',  similar  in  spirit  to  this  print.  Transcribed, 
W.  P.  Hall,  British  Radicalism,  iyg6-iygy,  1912,  p.  246  f.  Pitt  was 
mobbed  (on  account  of  the  tripling  of  the  Assessed  Taxes,  cf.  No.  9051); 
this  is  described  by  the  London  Chronicle,  20  Dec,  as  the  attack  of  'banditti' 
on  his  coachman  and  servants,  stopped  by  the  bystanders ;  much  is  made 
of  the  'universal  spirit  of  loyalty'.  According  to  the  Morning  Post,  25  Dec, 
the  result  of  the  procession  was  'that  one  man  returned  thanks  to  God 
Almighty  and  one  woman  was  kicked  to  death'.  This  was  one  of  the  'Lies' 
pilloried  by  the  Anti-Jacobin  (i  Jan.  1798).  Abbot  notes:  'The  King  well 
received  everywhere:  Mr.  Pitt  not  ill  received.'  Diary  of  Lord  Colchester, 
1861,  i.  124. 
7  X  23  in. 

370 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1797 

9047  THE  HOPES  OF  BRITAIN  BLOWN  AWAY  THRO'  A  SPEAK- 
ING TRUM-PITT. 

Designed  Etch'd  &  Pu¥  by  Dighton.   Chars  Cross  Bec^  iP^  1797- 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  standing  upon  a  pedestal  of  Port- 
land Stone,  bends  forward,  his  head  in  profile  to  the  1.,  holding  a  .speaking- 
trumpet  to  his  mouth.  From  the  trumpet  issue  papers :  Trade,  Arts,  Peace, 
Comfort,  Liberty,  Property.  In  his  1.  hand  is  a  sheaf  of  large  prints,  the 
uppermost  a  H.L.  portrait  of  Fox,  eyes  dosed  and  arms  folded,  inscribed 
Retired  from  Duty ;  below  is  the  margin  of  another  print :  Opposition.  Under 
Pitt's  1.  arm  is  a  bag  inscribed  Budget,  disgorging  papers  inscribed  Tax, 
Tax^s,  Taxes. 

One  of  many  satires  on  Pitt's  war  taxation;  other  allusions  are  to  the 
coalition  with  the  Duke  of  Portland  in  1794,  the  secession  of  the  Foxites, 
see  No.  9018,  &c.,  and  the  failure  of  the  peace  negotiations,  see  No.  9031. 
For  good  trade  cf.  No.  9025. 
8f  X6  in. 

9048  [NUTS  WITH  THICK  RINDS  FOR  GROWN  CHILDREN. 

TS  det  S    [PSansom.] 

Pub'^  Dec''  14  lygy  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caricatures 
lent  out  for  the  EveningY 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  puzzle-pictures  arranged  in  two 
rows,  in  general  of  a  punning  character,  e.g.,  Specimens  of  Poetry,  *A'  lying 
across  two  walking-sticks  (acrostics).  The  first,  however.  An  Obstruction 
to  Peace,  is  the  collar  and  shoulders  of  a  coat,  the  blue  with  red  facings 
of  the  Windsor  uniform,  together  with  the  title,  indicating  the  King  (or 
perhaps  Pitt),  with  perhaps  the  implication  that  he  lacks  a  head. 

The  failure  of  peace  negotiations  was  due  to  18  Fructidor,  see  No.  9031. 

There  is  a  companion  print  with  the  same  title  published  27  Nov.  1797, 
in  which  a  T  with  two  axes  (taxes)  is  entitled  What  has  increasd,  is  increas- 
ing nor  likely  to  be  diminished. 

'Caricatures',  viii.  20,  21,  27,  29  (the  sheets  have  been  bisected  vertically 
and  cropped). 
9X14  in. 

9049  FRONTISPIECE  TO  CITIZN  JN©  NICHOLLS'S  PARLIA- 
MENTARY AND  UNPARLIAMENTY  LETTERS  SPEECHES  AND 
VISIONS- 


ySf  [Sayers.] 

Pu¥  J5'*  Dec  lygy  by  H  Humphrey 


Engraving.  Nicholls  stands  directed  to  the  1.,  almost  in  profile;  his  I.  eye 
is  closed,  but  he  gazes  through  a  pair  of  double  glasses  held  in  his  r.  hand, 
his  face  wrinkled  in  a  sour  grimace.  Rays  of  light  stream  outward  from 
the  glasses.  He  wears  a  round  hat  with  up-curved  brim,  half-boots,  and 
holds  a  long  cane  in  his  1.  hand.  Beneath  the  design: 

"get  thee  glass  Eyes 
And  like  a  scurvy  Politician,  seem 
To  see  the  things  thou  dost  not" — Shakespeare 

'  From  A.  de  R.  v.  168,  169.  * 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Nicholls,  like  Tierney,  came  into  prominence  on  the  secession  of 
the  Whigs  (see  No.  9018)  He  published  his  speech  of  3  Jan.  1798  on 
the  Assessed  Taxes,  but  at  this  date  his  only  pamphlet,  according  to  the 
B.M.  Cat.,  was  one  of  1795  on  the  debts  of  the  Prince  of  Wales.  Frere 
writes  (n.d.,  Dec.  1797):  'Gillray  has  done  a  Nicholl .  .  .'  Sayer  has  volun- 
teered another.'  Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends,  1909,  p.  144.  Nicholls 
had  one  eye  and  was  very  ugly.  See  No.  921 1. 
12^X71  in.  (pi.). 

9050  JOHN  BULL  CAUG'HT  AT  HIS  LAST  LUXURY!!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N  50.  Oxford  St.  Decbr  j6'*  1797. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull  (1.)  sits  in  a  rough  garden 
latrine,  looking  with  a  resentful  but  melancholy  scowl  at  Pitt,  who  strides 
towards  him  from  the  r.,  holding  a  large  paper  on  which  he  is  writing. 
John  says :  What  the  Devil  are  you  come  to  peep  at  now!  am  not  I  to  have 
a  moment's  peace  for  you — It  is  the  damn'd  Assessed  Taxes  have  done  it — 
/  never  had  such  a  pain  in  my  bowels  in  all  my  born  days!!!  Pitt,  who  is 
elegantly  dressed,  the  powder  from  his  bag-wig  decorating  his  shoulders 
(see  No.  7537),  says:  An  abominable  shameful  Luxury,  this  is  sinning  in  the 
open  face  of  Day!  Dundas  stands  behind  Pitt,  his  hands  raised ;  he  looks 
up  sanctimoniously,  saying,  Oh  Shameful!  Scandalous.  He  wears  tartan 
coat,  breeches,  plaid,  and  stockings,  with  a  feathered  cap,  and  wig  and 
bands  which  are  clerical  rather  than  legal.  On  the  open  door  of  the  latrine 
is  pinned  a  print  of  Pitt  hanging  from  a  gibbet  (cf.  No.  9051). 

For  the  assessed  taxes  see  No.  9043,  &c. ;  they  were  intended  to  fall  on 
luxuries,  and  to  be  graduated  according  to  the  establishment  of  the  tax- 
payer. 
9^  X  i4i  in. 

9051  BILLY'S  EFFIGY  BROUGHT  TO  JUSTICE!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W  Holland  N°  50  Oxford  S^  Decber  18  1797 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Four  constables  (r.)  stand  before  a 
Justice  displaying  a  stuffed  effigy  of  Pitt.  One  of  them  stands  on  a  stool, 
holding  the  noose  of  rope  which  encircles  the  neck,  so  that  the  figure,  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  glares  down  at  the  Justice.  The  latter  leans  back  in  his 
chair  frowning  up  at  the  effigy  through  his  spectacles.  The  constable  on 
the  stool  says :  This  is  the  way  please  your  Worship — the  young  Gentleman 
was  hanging — when  I  and  my  Comrades  cut  him  down!!  The  man  beside 
him  says:  A  notorious  Likeness  please  your  Worship!!  Two  constables  stand 
stiffly  behind,  holding  long  staves. 

A  satire  on  Justices  and  constables  as  well  as  on  Pitt's  taxes,  see  No. 
9043,  &c.  Pitt's  effigy  was  hung  up  in  Long  Acre  on  18  Dec,  cf.  No.  9050, 
by  some  journeyman  coach-makers  (injured  by  the  triple  assessment  on 
coaches).  Before  it  could  be  burnt  it  was  siezed  by  police  officers  and 
taken  to  Bow  Street.  Lond.  Chron.,  20  Dec.  For  the  attack  on  Pitt  on  the 
day  of  naval  thanksgiving  see  No.  9046. 
9f  Xi4in. 

'  'for  which  Nicholl  himself  was  kind  enough  to  provide  a  motto — Homo  sum 
— Vide  Mr.  NichoU's  speech.'  This,  if  etched,  does  not  appear  to  be  extant. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1797 

9052  TRIA  JUNCTA  IN  UNO  OR  A  MINISTERIAL  MODE  OF 
PAYING  TRIPLE  TAXES! 

R'^  Newton  fecit  des  lygy  o  . 

London  Pub  by  R  Newton  Dec  ijgy 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Dundas,  fat  and  complacent,  sits  in  an 
ass-drawn  coach  which  is  driven  (r.  to  1.)  by  Pitt.  The  ass,  inscnhtd  John 
Bull,  is  laden  with  a  towering  pile  of  large  bundles,  the  top  of  which 
disappears  at  the  upper  margin.  These  are  inscribed  Assessed  Taxes!  and 
Triple  Taxes!  Large  tears  drop  from  the  ass's  eyes;  he  looks  up,  saying, 
/  can  never  bear  this  burden  long  I  must  either  rise  up  or  fall  down.  On  his 
hind-quarters  is  a  crown :  A  Pitch  Mark.  Pitt  is  grotesquely  thin,  his  face 
and  attitude  express  alarm;  he  says:  Oh.  Dam* me  an  Ass  [cf.  No.  9017] 
will  bear  any  thing.  He  holds  up  a  whip  inscribed  Triple  Lash ;  the  three 
knotted  lashes  are :  House  Tax,  Window  Tax,  Carriages  Servants  &c.  His 
box-seat  is  the  Treasury  Bench.  The  roof  of  the  coach  is  covered  by  three 
super-imposed  packages :  Third  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer  of  the  Navy, 
Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Control.  From  Dundas's  mouth  floats  a  label : 
I  want  a  few  thousands  a  year  more  then  III  be  contented.  Dundas  wears 
tartan,  a  ribbon  (incorrectly),  and  advocate's  wig  and  bands. 

A  satire  on  the  tripling  of  the  Assessed  Taxes,  see  No.  9043,  &c.,  and 
on  Dundas  as  a  pluralist.  The  office  of  Third  Secretary  of  State,  abandoned 
as  part  of  Burke's  Economic  Reform  in  1782  (on  the  ground  of  the  loss 
of  the  American  colonies),  was  restored  in  1794  as  Secretary  of  State  for 
War  and  given  to  Dundas  when  Portland  succeeded  him  as  Home  Secre- 
tary. This  was  attacked  by  Tierney,  7  Nov.  1797  (and  subsequently),  as 
a  scheme  to  increase  the  influence  of  the  Crown.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  963  ff, ; 
Olphin,  Tierney,  1934,  pp.  48-51.  Fox  called  the  office  'pernicious  in  a 
financial  view  .  .  .  still  more  so  as  a  question  of  constitution'.  Pari.  Hist. 
xxxvi.  391  (29  Mar.  1802).  For  Dundas  and  the  Board  of  Control  see 
No.  7152  (1787).  He  became  Treasurer  of  the  Navy  on  Pitt's  accession 
to  power  in  Dec.  1783.  See  also  Nos.  9046, 9157, 9169, 9543.  Cf.  No.  9158. 
9|xi3|in. 

9053  COPPER-BOTTOM'S  RETREAT,  OR  A  VIEW  OF  CARRON 
WORKS!!! 

/.  Kay  ijgy 

Engraving  with  aquatint.  A  middle-aged  man  flees  in  terror  across  a  grassy 
glade  towards  trees  (1.);  he  turns  his  head  in  profile  to  the  r.  towards  a 
semi-circle  of  bottle-necked  furnaces  from  which  issue  flames  and  sparks. 
He  is  without  his  1.  shoe,  and  his  (1.)  striped  stocking  hangs  round  his 
ankle. 

William  Forbes,  originally  a  tin-smith,  made  a  fortune  by  sheeting  the 
ships  of  the  navy  with  copper.  He  bought  up  the  Callendar  estates,  in  opposi- 
tion to  the  descendants  of  the  (attainted)  Earl  of  Linlithgow,  and  was  very 
unpopular  in  Callendar,  especially  among  the  colliers  who  had  been  heredi- 
tary bondsmen  of  the  old  family.  During  the  militia  disturbances  of  1797 
a  band  of  colliers  paraded  round  the  house  with  a  drum.  Forbes  and  his 
brothers  fled  through  a  wood  and,  looking  back,  saw  the  blaze  of  the 
Carron  ironworks  and  supposed  Callendar  House  was  on  fire.  They  posted 
to  Edinburgh  and   obtained  military  protection  for  the  district.    For 

373 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL   SATIRES 

the  militia  riots  see  Meikle,  Scotland  and  the  French  Revolution,  19 12, 
pp.  178-85. 

'Collection',  No.  220.   Kay,  No.  ccvii. 

5iiX7|in. 

9054  AN  ARISTOCRAT. 
Dighton  del. 

423  London:  Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver  No.  6g  St.  Paul's  Church 
Yard.  [?c.  1797] 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  A  stout  jovial  man 
(H.L.),  his  elbow  on  a  table,  smokes  a  long  pipe  and  holds  out  a  paper: 
An  [H]onest  Man  will  Fear  God  Honour  the  King  and  do  as  he  would  be 
Done  By.  He  is  directed  to  the  r.  and  looks  at  the  spectator.  Beside  him 
are  a  decanter  and  glass  and  a  book:  British  Peera[ge].  On  the  wall  is  an 
oval  miniature  of  the  King  and  a  framed  diagram:  British  Constitution  (see 
No.  8287,  &c.);  the  three  points  of  an  equilateral  triangle  are  King  Lords 
Commons;  in  the  centre  and  connected  with  each  angle  is  Public  Good. 
A  companion  print  to  No.  9055.  For  the  series  see  No.  9101,  &c. 
5 1 X  4f  in.  '  Caricatures' ,  ii.  1 25 . 

9055  A  DEMOCRAT. 

424  [U.  1797]! 
Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  A  fierce  and  ragged 
Jacobin  (H.L.)  scowls  over  his  1.  shoulder.  In  his  r.  hand  a  blood-stained 
dagger,  inscribed  Fraternity,  is  raised  to  strike;  in  his  1.  hand  is  a  dark 
lantern.  Under  his  1.  arm  is  a  sheaf  of  papers :  a  print  of  a  monster  with 
many  fanged  heads;  Assassination;  Paine' s  Rights  of  Man  (see  No.  7867,  &c.); 
Equality.  Behind  (r.)  is  a  small  model  or  picture  of  a  Guillotine.  A  com- 
panion print  to  No.  9054.  For  the  connotation  of  'democrat'  cf.  No.  8310. 
5IX4I  in.                                                                       'Caricatures',  ii.  125. 

9056  THE  LEARNED  PIG.  [c.  1797] 
[Gillray.] 

Engraving,  The  'Learned  Pig',  with  a  man's  head  and  wearing  a  round 
hat  and  a  coat  buttoned  across  his  chest,  stands  on  his  hind  legs  in  profile 
to  the  1.  In  his  hoofs  he  holds  a  paper,  which  he  reads,  grinning  broadly. 
Above  his  head :  Walk  in,  walk  in.  Gentlemen!  How  to  save  your  Bacon. 
Beneath  the  title:  will  shew  the  most  surprising  Feats  of  Knowledge — He  will 
(amongst  many  other  curious  Specimens  of  his  Art)  Explain  many  Passages 
in  the  Cavalry  &  other  late  Acts  of  Parliament — The  like  before  never  having 
been  even  attempted  in  these  our  realms!!! 

On  the  r.  of  the  design  is  a  large  scroll  headed  by  an  escutcheon  on 
which  is  a  cross  (of  no  heraldic  type)  surmounted  by  a  baron's  coronet 
and  with  the  motto  Quicquid  delirant  Reges  plectuntur  Achivi: 

Great  &  Extraordinary  News.  Lately  arrived  at  Leeds,  in  Opposition  to 
Mess^'  Fox  &  Sheridan's  Company  of  Strollers — Billy  Pitts  Company  of 
Puppets,  under  the  Patronage  of  the  Recorder  &c  &c  &c.  They  are  much 
superior  to  the  Rival  Company: — whose  Talents  are  merely  capable  of  acting 
one  Part  whereas  These  wonderful  Puppets  are  able  &  willing  to  act  any  Part, 
— which  zvill  be  shewn  for  the  Amusement  of  the  Town  in  a  surprising  number 
of  excellent  Farces, — Between  every  Act,  God  save  the  King,  in  full  Chorus 
'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  9054. 

374 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1797 

NB:  No  expence  has  been  spared — The  principal  Scenes  being  all  made  of 
Broad  Cloth — Vivat,  Rex.   In  the  upper  r.  corner  of  the  design  is  N°  i. 

Probably  from  the  design  or  description  of  an  amateur  and  similar  in 
manner  to  No.  9423,  also  a  Yorkshire  print.  The  precise  significance  is 
obscure,  but  the  allusion  to  the  Cavalry  Act,  &c.,  seems  to  indicate  a  Bill 
moved  by  Pitt  on  18  Oct.  1796,  see  No.  8836,  &c.  This  w^as  for  a  force 
of  Provisional  Cavalry,  owners  of  horses  for  riding  or  carriages  being 
required  to  provide  one  trooper  and  horse  for  every  ten  such  horses, 
owners  of  fewer  to  provide  their  horsemen  jointly.  This  was  shortly 
amended  by  a  provision  that  if  a  town  or  county  should  voluntarily  raise 
three-fourths  of  the  required  number,  then  the  Lord  Lieutenant  might 
dispense  with  the  Provisional  Cavalry  and  raise  Yeomanry  or  Volunteer 
Cavalry.  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army,  iv.  S22-2,  Sgi-z.  At  Leeds 
a  meeting  in  Nov.  1796  resolved  to  raise  such  a  force.  Their  first  public 
appearance  was  on  4  June  1797  and  in  the  winter  they  patronized  a  per- 
formance at  the  Leeds  Theatre.  Samuel  Buck,  the  Recorder  of  Leeds,  took 
a  prominent  part  in  the  raising  of  the  Leeds  Volunteers  in  1794,  and  in 
1802  he  was  one  of  the  magistrates  urging  enrolment  in  the  Volunteer 
Cavalry.  Thoresby  Society,  xxviii,  Miscellanea,  1928,  pp.  266,  270,  284  ff. 
For  the  Learned  Pig  cf.  No.  6857,  &c. 
9^X71  in. 

9057  FILS  DE  CfiSAR  HATEZ  VOUS;  IL  EST  TEMS  DE  PARTIR. 

[? 1797] 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  French  satire,  the  figures  having 
numbers  referring  to  explanatory  notes  beneath  the  title.  Francis  II,  i, 
seated  on  a  chaise  percee,  his  crown  falling  from  his  head,  is  about  to 
receive  a  sealed  letter  from  a  post-boy,  2.  On  the  r.  a  peasant,  3,  leads 
towards  the  Emperor  a  reluctant  ass.  On  the  1.  an  Austrian  ofiicer,  4, 
forces  an  Englishman  towards  a  large  open  window. 

I  VEmpereur  accable  de  chagrin,  a  la  nouvelle  que  hi  apporte  un  Courrier  2, 
du  Prince  Charles  qui  lui  annonce  la  dejfaite  de  ses  armees;  et  Varrivee 
prochaine  des  Frangais  a  Vienne.  3.  Un  Palfrenier  presente  a  sa  Majeste  la 
monture  de  r humble  Jesus  et  I  'invite  a  prendre  la  fuite  avec  le  peu  qui  lui  reste. 
4.  Beaulieu  voulant  jetter  par  la  Croisee  un  e'missaire  Anglois  pour  se  venger 
en  sa  personne,  des  malheurs  dont  ces  perfides  insulaires  ont  accable  sa  mal- 
heureuse  patrie. 

Probably  a  satire  on  the  Peace  Preliminaries  of  Leoben  (18  Apr.  1797) 
after  the  defeat  of  the  Archduke  Charles,  see  Nos.  9005,  9058.  The  English 
Ambassador  in  Vienna  (1794-9)  was  Sir  Morton  Eden.  The  Austrian 
general  Jean  Pierre  de  Beaulieu  (b.  1725),  defeated  in  Italy,  resigned  his 
command  to  Wiirmser  in  1796  and  retired  to  Linz.  The  Preliminaries 
were  followed  by  the  Treaty  of  Campo  Formio,  on  17  Oct.  Cf.  No.  9285. 
io|x  i6|  in. 

9058  LA  COALITION  [?  1797]' 
[Gibelin.] 

Se  Vend  A  Paris,  chez  Depeuille,  Rue  des  Mathurins  5'  Jacques,  aux 

deux  Pilastre  d'Or. 
Engraving.    Design  in  a  circle.    A  young  woman  (H.L.),  allegorically 

'  Dated  1797  by  Hennin,  who,  however,  gives  the  same  date  to  the  companion 
print,  L'Unisson,  in  which  the  Helvetian  Republic  (29  Mar.  1798)  is  depicted, 
de  Vinck,  No.  4349-  , 

375 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

personifying  the  French  RepubHc,  stands  full-face,  holding  to  her  head 
a  Phrygian  cap  which  the  sovereigns  of  Europe,  who  surround  her,  try  in 
vain  to  tear  off.  She  wears  a  medallion,  R  F,  and  a  dress  in  classic  folds 
with  a  broad  belt  ornamented  with  a  Phrygian  cap  on  a  pike  between  two 
gryphons.  Her  smiling  face  is  framed  by  the  heads  and  hands  of  her 
enemies,  who  are  (1.  to  r.):  (?)  the  King  of  Spain,  (?)  The  Emperor,  the 
Tsar,  the  Pope,  and,  most  conspicuous  and  most  despairing,  George  III 
with  a  trident.  A  face  in  shadow  ( ?  Pitt)  looks  over  his  shoulder.  The 
heads  are  conventionally  drawn,  not  portraits;  they  register  anxiety  or 
despair. 

The  design  has  no  close  relation  to  the  political  situation  of  1797-8, 
Spain  having  made  peace  in  1796.   See  Nos.  9005,  9057. 

de  Vinck,  No.  4348.    Hennin,  No.  12390.    Renouvier,  p.  134.    Re- 
produced, Dayot,  Rev.fr.,  p.  461 ;  Fuchs,  p.  156. 
Diam.  7f  in. 


376 


1797 
PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES 

9059  A  CHANCE  SELLER  WITH  A  CAPITAL  PRIZE  IN  THE 
STATE  LOTTERY. 

Drawn  &  Etch'd  by  Dighton.  &  Pu¥  FelP  i/f"  1797. 12  Char^  Cross. 
Photograph  of  an  engraving.  Loughborough,  wearing  his  Chancellor's 
robes,  is  seated  on  a  draped  stool  (perhaps  intended  for  the  Woolsack) 
pen  in  hand.  At  his  r.  hand  is  a  pedestal  over  which  hang  documents: 
Licence' d  by  ...  .  Act  of  Pari ....  Offices  Chancery  Lane  &  Westminster 
Hall.  A  large  bag  of  Chances^  stuffed  with  documents,  is  on  the  ground 
in  front  of  him  (1.).  Beside  him  are  the  purse  of  the  Great  Seal,  the  mace, 
and  a  paper:  Only  50  blankls^  to  a  Prize.  See  No.  9060. 
sixain. 

9060  A  CHANCE  SELLER  RETIRED  FROM  BUISNESS 
Dighton  fecit.  Pub  by  Dighton  Char^  Cross  [?  1797] 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Thurlow  sits  in  an  arm-chair  directed 
to  the  r.,  his  legs  crossed,  holding  a  document.  His  1.  arm  rests  on  a  heavily 
draped  table  on  which  are  documents,  writing-materials,  a  baron's  coronet, 
and  a  peer's  robe.  Papers  are  docketed  Remain  in  Chancery;  one  ends 
in  the  House  of  Lords.  See  No.  9059. 

7fx6^in. 

9061  [GEORGE  III] 
Dighton  fecit. 

Pu¥  June  4^  1797.  by  Dighton  Chars  Cross 

Photograph  of  an  engraving.  George  III,  in  court  dress  (Windsor  uni- 
form), standing  with  heels  together,  looks  through  his  spy-glass,  his 
head  turned  in  profile  to  the  1.  In  his  1.  hand  is  a  cocked  hat.  Beneath  the 
design  is  a  vignette  of  crown,  sceptre,  and  sword  on  a  cushion.  Published 
on  the  King's  birthday. 
41X41^6  in. 

9062  [TOWNSEND  OF  BOW  STREET.] 
H.S'C.B.  fecit 

Pub.  Mar.  5'*  1797.  by  S.  W.  Fores,  N"  50.  Piccadilly. 
Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  Bust  portrait  in  profile  to  the  1.  of  Townsend 
wearing  a  round  hat  and  short  wig  with  double  curl.   His  nose  and  chin 
are  spotted,  as  if  with  the  effects  of  drink. 
5fX3    in. 

9063  THE  ITINERANT  LANGUAGE  MASTER  [?  1797'] 
N.  Heideloff  Sculp 

Engraving.    An  elderly  man  (actually  a  woman)  in  old-fashioned  dress 

walks  in  profile  to  the  1.    Under  his  r.  arm  is  a  large  umbrella,  in  his  1. 

hand  a  tall  cane  with  which  he  walks.   From  his  coat  pocket  project  two 

'  Dated  1797  by  E.  Hawkins. 

377 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL   SATIRES 

books:  French  .  .  .  and  Italian  German  Dutch  &c.   He  is  scarcely  carica- 
tured, but  his  ear  is  very  large.   A  portrait  of  Theodora  de  Verdion,  see 
No.  8370,  &c. 
iSixc.  9|in.  (pi.). 

9064  NOTORIOUS  CHARACTERS.  NO  i. 

T  Gyfed 

Pu¥  Dec"  i'^  1797.  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  27  S^  James's  Street  London. 
Stipple  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).    A  travesty  of  a  H.L. 
portrait  of  S.  Ireland:  (Hamilton pinx^  S  ==  Ireland fec^).  In  both  Ireland 
wears  the  dress  of  a  Rubens  picture,  cf.  No.  7020,  and  looks  over  his  r. 
shoulder,  holding  up  folds  of  drapery  which  hang  from  the  1.  shoulder. 
The  original  is  young  and  handsome,  with  well-dressed  hair,  tied  and 
falling  on  his  shoulder.'   Gillray  follows  closely  the  pose  and  dress  of  the 
original,  but  the  head  is  that  of  an  older  man,  with  a  sly  smile ;  his  short 
curling  hair  recedes  from  his  forehead.    In  his  hand  is  a  book,  Ireland 
Shakspe  .  .  .   Beneath  the  title:  M''  Bromley  in  his  Catalogue  &c.  p.  3go. 
has  erroneously  put  this  Portrait  into  his  Seventh  Class. — It  ought  to  have 
appeared  in  the  Tenth.  See  the  Contents  of  it.  p.  44g. 
"Such  cursed  assurance" 
"Is  past  all  Endurance."        Maid  of  the  Mill. 
Beneath  the  vignetted  design :  Inscription  under  a  Picture  of  the  Editor 
of  Shakespeare's  Manuscripts,  ^79^-  \  by  the  Rev^  William  Mason,  Author 
ofElfrida  &  Caractacus  [actually  by  George  Steevens,^  parodying  Dryden's 
lines  on  Milton]. 

"Four  Forgers,  born  in  one  prolific  age, 
"Much  critical  acumen  did  engage. 
"The  First,  was  soon  by  doughty  Douglas  scared 
"Tho*  Johnson  would  have  screen' d  him,  had  he  dared;* 
"  The  Next  had  all  the  cunning  of  a  Scot;-\- 
"The  Third,  invention,  genius, — nay  what  not?X 
"Fraud,  now  exhausted,  only  could  dispense 
"To  her  Fourth  Son,  their  three-fold  impudence. 
*  Lauder  ■\  Macpherson  %  Chatterton 

Class  VII  in  Bromley's  Catalogue  of  Engraved  British  Portraits  .  .  .  1793 
is  'Literary  Persons';  Class  X  is  Thcenomena,  Convicts,  and  persons 
otherwise  remarkable'.  Proceedings  against  'George  Stevens  esq.,  James 
Gillray  and  Hannah  Humphrey'  for  a  libel  were  begun  by  Ireland  (but 
dropped  on  legal  advice),  claiming  damages  of  ,^5,000.  B.M.  Add. 
27,337,  ff-  47~5i'  For  ^^^  print,  'a  striking  likeness',  see  Gent.  Mag., 
Nov.  1797,  p.  931.  For  the  Ireland  forgeries  see  No.  8884,  &c. 

Reproduced,  Mair,  The  Fourth  Forger,  1938,  p.  224. 
9X5jin.  (pi.). 

9065  PYLADES  &  ORESTES. 
J^  Gy  ad  vivam  fed 

Pu¥  April  J*'  1797.  by  H.  Humphrey.  New  Bond  Street  &  5'  James's 

Street. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).   The  stout  Prince  of  Orange,  in  profile 

'  The  B.M.  impression  is  dated  in  a  contemporary  hand  'Ocf  1785*.  Listed  in 
Bromley's  Catalogue,  p.  390. 

^  Sidney  Lee  in  D.N.B.,  s.v.  Steevens  (confirmed  by  the  libel  proceedings);  in 
his  D.N.B.  article  on  Ireland  he  attributed  the  lines  to  Mason, 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1797 

to  the  1.,  shuffles  along  the  pavement,  holding  the  arm  of  his  thin  secretary, 
Nassalin.  His  eye  is  almost  closed,  his  r.  hand,  holding  a  stick,  is  thrust 
in  his  coat  pocket.  Both  are  plainly  dressed,  wearing  powdered  hair  with 
small  tails,  and  round  hats  with  broad  brims.   Nassalin  is  hunchbacked. 

The  couple  are  said  to  have  often  perambulated  Bond  Street  in  this 
manner,  the  Prince  sometimes  asleep.   Cf.  No.  8822. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  229.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  433.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.y 
1830.  Van  Stolk,  No.  5389.  Muller,  No.  5468. 
I2|x9  ^^-  With  border,  13IX  io|  in. 

9066  COUNT  ROUPEE.— FtJe.  Hyde  Park. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  June  5**  1797.  by  H.  Humphrey  27.  <S'  James's  Street — 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  small  ugly  man  rides  a  galloping 
horse  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  leg  thrust  forward.  He  wears  spectacles,  his 
complexion  is  dark.  There  is  a  background  of  grass  and  trees,  and  in  the 
distance  a  building  with  a  pediment,  evidently  the  new  Knightsbridge 
Barracks  (see  Gent.  Mag.,  July  1797,  p.  545,  pi.). 

Supposed  to  be  Paul  Benfield  of  the  East  India  Company,  who  made  a 
vast  fortune  in  India  as  trader,  banker,  and  contractor,  and  was  notorious 
through  Burke's  (published)  speech  on  the  debts  of  the  Nabob  of  Arcot 
{Pari.  Hist.  xxv.  182  ff.),  in  which  he  was  pilloried  as  the  'betrayer,  insulter, 
oppressor,  and  scourge'  of  the  Carnatic  (p.  245).  He  lost  his  fortune  by 
speculation  c.  1800.  See  D.N.B. 
9i6X  i2f  in.  With  border,  lojx  13I  in. 

9067  UN  DIPLOMATIQUE,  SETTLING  AFFAIRS  AT  STEVENS'S. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  June  9'^  I797-  by  H.  Humphrey.  27.  S^  James's  Street — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Count  Haslang  sits  alone  in  profile  to 
the  1.  at  a  small  oblong  table  on  which  is  a  decanter.  He  holds  a  wine- 
glass in  his  r.  hand;  his  I.  is  slightly  raised  as  if  gesticulating,  in  response 
to  some  person  (not  depicted)  at  whom  he  looks  sourly.  He  wears  a  star 
and  ruffled  shirt. 

Haslang  had  long  been  Bavarian  envoy  in  London  and  had  been  a  subject 
of  ridicule  for  his  amours  and  impecuniousness,  see  Nos.  4467,  4834,  5278. 
Walpole  wrote  in  1755  'old  Haslang  dances  at  sixty-five'.  Letters,  iii.  290. 
Stevens's  was  a  fashionable  Bond  Street  coffee-house,  cf.  No.  8890. 

Grego,  G///ray,  p.  230.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  436.  Reprinted,  G.WT.G., 
1830. 
lOj^g  X  7ig  in.  With  border,  1 1 1 X  8|  in. 

9068  HERO'S  RECRUITING  AT  KELSEY'S ;— OR— GUARD-DAY 
AT  ST  JAMES'S. 

J^  Qy  ad  vivam  fec^ 

Pu¥  June  9'*  1797-  by  H.  Humphrey.  S^  James's  Street — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  officers  on  high  stools  face  each 
other  at  the  counter  of  a  fruit-shop  and  confectioner's.  One  (r.),  tall,  lank, 
and  elderly  (identified  as  Captain  Birch,  see  No.  9037),  devours  a  jelly ; 
empty  jelly-glasses  strew  the  counter  beside  him.  The  other,  a  mere  child, 

379 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

his  legs  dangling,  eats  from  a  large  cornet  of  Sugar-plumbs.  A  buxom 
woman  behind  the  counter  brings  a  tray  of  jellies  in  glasses.  In  the  door- 
way (r.)  a  third  officer,  extremely  fat  and  grotesquely  knock-kneed,  stands 
with  his  hands  clasped  behind  him  watching  a  coroneted  coach  driving 
past  with  two  footmen  in  feathered  hats  standing  behind.  The  officers 
wear  large  plumed  cocked  hats,  spurred  jack-boots,  and  sabres.  Each  pane 
of  the  large  shop  window  (1.)  is  decoratively  filled  with  fruit,  jars,  jelly- 
glasses,  &c.  A  pottle  of  strawberries  and  a  partly  peeled  orange  lie  on 
the  floor. 

Kelsey's  was  a  famous  St.  James's  Street  fruit-shop,  cf.  No.  6453,  as 
Betty's  had  been,  cf.  No.  6307. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  230  (reproduction).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  434. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
I3|x9|in. 

9068  a  a  copy  ('Kelsey'  spelt  'Kelsy'):  J<^  Gillray  del\  faces  p.  75  in 
The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 

8^x6i\  in.  With  border,  9^X71  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

9069  THE  SALUTE,— rzWe.  The  Parade 

J'  Qy —  d.  &  fed —  ad  viv"" — 

Pu¥July  loP'  1797,  by  H.  Humphrey,  27.  S*  James's  Street — 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  An  officer  (1.)  on  a 
charger,  evidently  General  Davies,  see  No.  9442,  directed  to  the  r.,  takes 
the  salute  from  three  officers  who  march  (r.  to  1.)  past  him.  The  first, 
sabre  in  hand,  point  downwards,  holds  his  1.  hand  across  the  front  of  his 
high  cocked  hat.  A  young  officer  follows,  carrying  a  standard  of  the  Union 
flag  with  the  White  Horse  of  Hanover  and  a  crown.  The  third  marches 
with  almost  closed  eyes  and  sword  held  point  upwards.  A  crowd  of  amused 
spectators  backed  by  a  high  wall  forms  a  background. 

Grego,  Gi7/ra)',  p.  231.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  442.  Reprinted,  G.PT.G., 
1830. 
9fXi3|in. 

9070  PATERN-STAFF.    Weymouth.  1797. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Nov"  ^  1797  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  officer  stands  in  back  view,  with  his 
elbows  akimbo,  holding  a  small  cane.  He  is  thin  and  knock-kneed,  with 
stick-like  legs,  his  feet  splayed  outwards.  He  wears  a  plumed  cocked  hat, 
a  sash  round  his  small  waist,  spurred  boots,  and  a  sabre. 

He  resembles  Prince  William  of  Gloucester,'  whom  Gillray  was  fond 
of  caricaturing,  see  No.  8716.  For  the  camps  at  Weymouth  in  1797  cf. 
No.  9071. 

Grego,  G///rfly,  p.  231.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  474.  Reprinted,  G.JT.G., 
1830. 
9iX5f  in. 

'  He  is  so  identified  in  the  Description  of  the  1830  reissue,  but  Wright  and 
Evans  call  him  Viscount  Weymouth.  The  then  Viscount  was  born  in  1796,  the  year 
in  which  his  father  (who  held  no  military  rank)  succeeded  as  2nd  Marquis  of  Bath. 

380 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1797 

9071   BRIGADE  MAJOR— Weymouth  1797.— 

[Gillray.] 

Pub'^  Nov^  15*^  1797.  by  H.  Humphrey,  27,  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  stout  officer  sits  on 
a  charger  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  head  turned  from  the  spectator,  his  r.  arm 
outstretched,  holding  a  cane,  as  if  directing  manoeuvres. 

He  was  conjecturally  identified  in  1830  as  Sir  Harry  Burrard  (see 
D.N.B.),  later  as  Major  Reid.  In  1797  there  were  cavalry  and  infantry 
camps  near  Weymouth  out  of  compliment  to  the  King  (cf.  No.  9019). 
See  Lond.  Chron.,  3  Aug.  1797,  and  No.  9070. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  231.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  446.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
i3isX9iin. 


9072  A  DASH  UP  ST  JAMES'S  STREET. 

jf'  Qy  del  &  fed— ad  viv*^ 

Pu¥  Dec"  6"*  1797 — by  H.  Humphrey  27.  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  officer  walks,  on  a  broad  pavement, 
away  from  the  spectator,  his  head  slightly  turned  to  the  1.,  showing  his 
profile.  He  wears  Light  Horse  uniform,  a  plumed  helmet,  short  tunic, 
sash,  and  long  sabre.  The  toes  of  his  tasselled  boots  terminate  in  spikes. 
He  uses  a  walking-stick. 

Identified  (1830,  &c.)  as  Captain  Cunningham  of  the  Coldstream,  who 
lost  his  lower  jaw  in  action.  He  was  a  nephew  of  Mrs.  Wortley,  wounded 
in  Holland  in  1799.  See  Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends,  1909,  i.  125.  He 
is  given  in  the  Army  List  (1800)  as  Captain  and  Lt.-Col.  Francis  Cunyng- 
hame. 

Grego,  G///ray,  p.  232.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  475.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9JX5f  in. 


9073   THIRTY  YEARS   HAVE   I   LIVED    IN  THE  PARISH   OF 
COVENT  GARDEN,  .  .  . 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  16,  Detf  1797,  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street — 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  face,  wearing  a 
plumed  military  hat,  looks  to  the  r.  out  of  a  ferociously  spurred  military 
jack-boot  which  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.  The  back  of  the  head  is 
concealed  by  the  peak  of  the  boot,  which  protects  the  wearer's  knee.  The 
quotation  (from  Foote's  Minor)  continues:  and  nobody  can  say — Mistress 
Cole — why  did  you  so? 

The  officer  is  identified  as  Colonel  (or  Captain)  Watson.  There  are  many 
Watsons  in  the  1797  Army  List.  For  Mother  Cole,  the  sanctimonious 
bawd,  cf.  No.  6514. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  232.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  450.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9iX5i|in. 

381 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 
9074  CONTEMPLATIONS  UPON  A  CORONET; 

J'  Gyinv  &  f 

Pub  March  25'*  lygy  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street  &  S' James's 

Street 
Pu¥  March  20^^  lygy — by  H.  Humphrey  Bond  Street  &  St  James's 

Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Miss  Farren  (1.)  sits  at  her  dressing- 
table,  contemplating  with  rapt  admiration  an  earl's  coronet  on  a  wig-block 
which  is  a  caricature  of  Lord  Derby's  head.  The  voluminous  draperies 
of  her  dress  define  a  thin  and  angular  figure,  with  a  long  thin  neck.  At 
her  feet  is  an  open  book:  Tabby's  Farewell  to  the  Green  Room;  near  it  is 
a  torn  paper:  Elegy  to  the  Memory  of  an  Unfortunate  Lady.  How  Lov'd 
how  valued  once  avails  thee  not  To  whom  Related  or  by  whom  Begot.  A  pad 
for  inflating  the  figure  (cf.  No,  8388,  &c.)  lies  across  a  stool  (r.).  A  Genea- 
logical Chart  of  British  Nobility  hangs  from  the  dressing-table ;  the  tree 
issues  from  the  recumbent  figure  of  Will*"  Concf;  on  it  lies  a  small-tooth 
comb  beside  which  is  an  insect.  Behind  Miss  Farren  are  the  closed 
curtains  of  an  ornate  bed,  whose  valance  is  decorated  with  the  cap  of 
Libertas  and  the  words  Vive  la  Egalite.  On  the  wall  hangs  a  Map  of  the 
Road  from  Strolling  Lane  to  Derbyshire  Peak;  the  places,  from  S.  to  N., 
are:  Strolling  Lane,  Beggary  Corner,  Servility  Place,  Old  Drury  Common, 
Affectation  Lane,  Insolence  Green,  Fool-Catching  Alley,  Derbyshire  Peak 
viz  Devils  Ar.  A  jewel-box,  bottles,  &c.,  are  on  the  dressing-table,  some 
inscribed:  Bloom  de  Ninon,  For  Bad  Teeth,  Cosmetick,  For  the  Breath.  On 
the  ground,  under  the  valance  of  the  table,  is  a  large  bottle  of  Holland[s]. 
After  the  title:  "A  Coronet! — O,  bless  my  sweet  little  heart! — ah,  it  must 
be  mine,  now  there's  nobody  left  to  hinder! — and  then — hey,  for  my  Lady 
Nimminney-pimmenney!  [see  No.  8888] — O,  Gemmini! — no  more  Straw- 
Beds  in  Barns; — Jio  more  scowling  Managers!  &  Curtsying  to  a  dirty  Public! 
— but  a  Coronet  upon  my  Coach; — Dashing  at  the  Opera! — shining  at  the 
Court! — O  dear!  dear!  what  I  shall  come  to! 

Lady  Derby,  see  Nos.  6714,  9075,  died  on  14  Mar.;  Miss  Farren  made 
her  last  appearance  on  the  stage  (as  Lady  Teazle)  on  8  Apr.,  see  Ann. 
Reg.,  1797,  p.  24*.  On  I  May  she  married  Lord  Derby,  whose  attachment 
is  the  subject  of  many  satires,  see  No.  5901  (1781),  and  indexes  to  vols,  vi 
and  vii. 

Grego,  Gillray  (small  copy),  p.  228.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  430. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.   Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  Ixxix. 
12I-X9I  in- 


9075  DARBY  AND  JOAN  OR  THE  DANCE  OF  DEATH. 

R^  Newton  des.  et  fecit 

London  Pub  by  R  Newton  Bridges  St  April  7  1797 

Engraving.  Miss  Farren  and  Lord  Derby  dance  together  in  frantic  exulta- 
tion from  r.  to  I.  His  r.  arm  is  round  her  waist,  his  1.  arm  is  raised,  he 
gazes  up  at  her.  She,  much  taller  and  more  active,  leads  him  forward,  a 
bunch  of  flowers  in  her  r.  hand ;  a  tress  of  hair  streaming  in  the  wind  (from 
r.  to  1.)  appears  to  be  artificially  attached  to  a  wig  decked  with  pearls.  Her 

*  Signature  repeated. 
382 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL   SATIRES   1797 

r.  foot  kicks  the  back  of  a  doctor  who  is  departing  on  the  extreme  1.,  a 
medicine-phial  protruding  from  his  pocket ;  her  leg  is  indecorously  raised. 
A  barking  dog  runs  between  the  couple.  She  looks  over  her  1.  shoulder 
at  a  coffin,  one  end  of  which  is  visible  on  the  extreme  r.,  on  draped  trestles. 
The  end  of  the  coffin  lid  is  open  to  show  the  head  of  a  dead  woman 
(evidently  Lady  Derby),  at  which  a  lady  looks  down,  weeping  despairingly. 
See  No.  9074.  For  'Darby  and  Joan'  cf.  No.  8727,  &c. 
8|xi3in. 

9076  THE  MARRIAGE  OF  CUPID  &  PSYCHE. 

y^  Gy  fec^  from  y  Antique. 

Pu¥  May  3^  1797,  by  H.  Humphrey,  27.  S^  James's  Street. 

Aquatint.  Design  in  an  oval.  A  travesty  of  the  cameo  known  as  the 
Marlborough  Gem,  now  in  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  at  Boston.  The 
figures  are  light  on  a  dark  ground,  as  in  the  original.  Miss  Farren,  tall, 
thin,  with  butterfly  wings,  her  dress  approximating  to  contemporary 
fashion,  walks  (I.  to  r.)  on  Lord  Derby's  1.  He  has  the  wings  of  Cupid, 
clipped,  and  is  almost  nude,  with  the  fat  limbs  of  a  child  together  with 
a  heavy  paunch.  He  holds  a  dove,  putting  its  beak  to  his  lips.  His  scanty 
hair  is  in  a  small  tail.  Both  are  veiled.  They  are  preceded  by  two  winged 
boys,  one  with  the  torch  of  Hymen.  A  third  follows,  wearing  a  fool's  cap 
simulating  a  cap  of  Liberty;  he  holds  up  an  earl's  coronet  towards  the 
bride,  in  place  of  the  tray  of  fruit  of  the  original. 

See  No.  9074,  &c.  The  original  design  is  closely  followed,  with  the 
striking  divergence  of  the  tall  lank  form  of  the  bride  rising  above  the  level 
of  the  nude  children,  her  sharp  features  contrasting  with  their  youthful 
contours.  For  the  gem  see  S.  Reinach,  Pierres  gravees,  p.  183  f. ;  Eugenie 
Strong,  Art  in  Ancient  Rome,  1929,  ii.  45  f.  It  was  engraved  by  Bartolozzi 
after  Cipriani  (Ex  Dactyliotheca  Ducis  Malburiensis)  for  Jacob  Bryant's 
New  System  of  Ancient  Mythology,  ii,  1774,  p.  394.  See  also  Calabi, 
No.  2307.  It  was  also  engraved  by  Bartolozzi  on  a  fan-leaf  published  by 
him  in  1779.   Schreiber  Coll.,  No.  74. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  228,  229  (copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  432. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  Ixxix. 
9X  io}|  in.  With  border,  lojx  i2j\  in. 


9077  DARBY  AND  JOAN. 

London  Pu¥  by  William  Holland,  Oxford  S^  June  1797. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Lord  Derby  (1.)  and  his  wife  (r.)  sit 
facing  each  other,  a  small  round  table  between  them  on  which  are  a  jug 
and  glasses.  Both  are  smoking  long  pipes,  but  no  smoke  issues  from  that 
of  Lord  Derby.  He,  short,  obese,  and  very  plainly  dressed,  sits  on  a  plain 
solid  chair.  She,  tall  and  elegantly  dressed,  in  a  low-cut,  high-waisted 
dress,  sits  on  a  chair  with  spindle  legs,  its  back  decorated  with  a  coronet. 
She  touches  his  clumsy  shoe  with  the  toe  of  her  slipper,  saying.  You  have 
no  Fire  in  your  Pipe,  my  dear  Darby.  He  answers,  It  has  been  out  long  ago, 
lovey,  but  I  like  to  whiff  with  an  agreeable  companion,  what  the  children  call 
make  believe!  See  No.  9074.  For  the  title  cf.  No.  8727,  &c. 
8fxii|in. 

383 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9078  THE   LOSS    OF   THE   FARO    BANK;   OR— THE   ROOK'S 
PIGEON'D— 

fQ>inv  &  fed 

Pu¥  Feby  2^  1797-  hy  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  fat  and  florid  Lady  Buckingham- 
shire, seated  at  the  head  of  her  faro-table,  throws  up  her  arms  in  dismay, 
turning  towards  her  husband,  who  enters  through  a  door  (1.),  saying,  The 
Bank 's  stole! — we're  ruined  my  Lady! — but  I'll  run  to  Bow  Street  &  fix  the 
Saddle  upon  the  right  horse,  my  Lady!  She  exclaims:  The  Bank  stole,  my 
Lord? — why  I  secur'd  it  in  the  Housekeepers-room  myself! — this  comes  of 
admitting  Jacobins  into  the  house! — Ah!  the  Cheats!  Seven  Hundred  gone 
smack; — without  a  single  Cock  of  the  Cards!  She  fills  the  centre  of  the 
design,  and  is  much  larger  than  her  husband.  Her  guests  are  crowded 
together  on  the  r.  A  pretty  young  woman,  Mrs.  Concannon,  seated  on  her 
1.,  clasps  her  hands,  exclaiming,  Bank  stole! — why  I  had  a  Gold  snuffbox 
stole  last  night  from  my  Table  in  Grafton  Street.  Lady  Archer,  on  the 
extreme  r.,  on  the  nearer  side  of  the  table,  turns  a  corvine  and  angry  profile 
towards  Lord  Buckinghamshire,  saying,  Stole! — bless  me  why  a  Lady  had 
her  Pocket  pick'd  at  my  House  last  Monday.  Opposite  her  sits  Fox,  wearing 
a  hat  and  putting  his  hand  over  his  mouth,  saying,  Zounds!  I  hope  they 
dont  Smoke  me.  Sheridan  looks  over  his  shoulder,  saying,  nor  me.  Behind 
Fox,  Hanger  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  wearing  a  hat  and  holding  his 
bludgeon;  he  says:  O!  if  they  come  to  the  Mount,  if  I  don't  tip  them  Shelalee 
(see  No.  8889).  After  the  title:  "When  Greek  meets  Greek,  then  comes  the 
tug  of  War!"  (Cf.  No.  9023).  The  door  (1.)  resembles  that  of  a  strong- 
room, with  two  heavy  locks  and  three  bolts. 

On  30  Jan.  a  box  containing  500  guineas,  the  property  of  the  Countess 
of  Buckinghamshire  and  two  other  ladies,  co-proprietors  of  the  Faro  Bank, 
was  stolen  from  Lord  Buckinghamshire's  house  in  St.  James's  Square. 
The  loss  was  discovered  when  play  was  about  to  begin.  Townsend  was 
sent  for  from  Bow  Street  and  every  servant's  box  searched.  Lond.  Chron., 
2  Feb.  See  No.  9080.  Two  footmen  who  were  dismissed  on  suspicion 
gave  evidence  against  Lady  Buckinghamshire  and  others  for  illegal 
gambling,  see  No.  9079,  when  the  evidence  was  that  the  defendants  had 
gaming  parties  at  their  different  houses  by  rotation,  Faro,  E.G.,  Rouge 
et  Noir,  &c. ,  being  played.  The  affair  evoked  a  mock-heroic  poem.  The  Rc^e 
of  the  Faro  Bank,  in  which  Lady  Buckinghamshire  is  Amanda.  Cf .  No.  8 1 66. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  227.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  423.  Reprinted,  G.  W.G., 
1830. 
9^X13!  m. 

9079  DISCIPLINE  A  LA  KENYON. 

J"  Qy  inv.  &  fed 

Pu¥  March  25^*  J797,  hy  H  Humphrey  New  Bond,  &  S*  James  s 
Streets 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Lord  Kenyon  (1.),  in  wig  and  robes, 
flogs  with  great  vigour  the  scarred  back  of  Lady  Buckinghamshire,  whose 
wrists  are  tied  to  the  back  of  a  cart.  He  has  a  scourge  in  the  r.  hand,  a 
birch-rod  in  the  1. ;  from  his  pocket  issues  a  paper:  Laws  against  Gambling. 
His  head  is  in  back  view.   His  fat  victim  wears  a  feathered  turban  and 

384 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1797 

fashionably  dressed  hair;  her  profile  and  gestures  indicate  shrieking  pro- 
test. The  horse  plods  (1.  to  r.)  away  from  the  spectator.  On  a  pitchfork 
lashed  to  the  cart  is  a  placard:  Faro's  Daughter's  Beware.  Behind  is  a 
crowd,  divided  between  those  (r.)  who  watch  the  cart,  grinning,  in  front 
of  whom  stands  a  constable  with  his  staff,  and  those  in  back  view  who 
surround  a  pillory  in  which  stand  two  ladies,  closely  confined,  under  a 
rain  of  missiles  flung  by  the  mob.  Both  wear  feathers  in  their  hair,  one 
(1.)  has  a  profile  somewhat  resembling  that  of  Lady  Archer,  but  is  perhaps 
Lady  Elizabeth  Luttrell ;  the  other  is  probably  Mrs.  Concannon. 

For  Kenyon's  threat,  see  No.  8876.  On  4  Mar.  informations  against 
Lady  Buckinghamshire,  Lady  E.  Luttrell,  Mrs.  Sturt,  and  Mr.  Concannon 
for  playing  at  Faro  at  Lady  Buckinghamshire's  house  on  30  Jan.  were 
heard  at  the  Marlborough  Street  Public  Office  (police  court).  The  wit- 
nesses were  two  footmen  who  had  been  discharged  owing  to  the  loss  of 
500  guineas  belonging  to  the  Faro  Bank,  see  Nos.  9078,  9080.  Fines  were 
imposed  despite  protests  against  a  'new  method  of  peculation'.  Lond. 
Chron.,  13,  14,  16,  21  Mar. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  227-8.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  424.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9|xi3|in. 


9080    OVER-WEIGHT— OR    THE    SINKING    FUND— OR    THE 
DOWNFALL  OF  FARO. 

R^  Newton,  del  et  fecit 

London  Pu¥  hy  SW Fores  Comer  of  Sackville  Street  March  14.  lygy 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Lady  Buckinghamshire,  enormously 
fat,  is  seated  in  profile  to  the  r.  in  an  open  chariot  which  sinks  through  a 
rectangular  aperture  in  front  of  the  Wetgh-House,  its  weight  being  too  great 
for  the  apparatus  for  weighing  wagons.  She  throws  up  her  arms  and  one 
leg,  dropping  her  whip  and  reins.  The  hind  legs  of  the  plunging  horses 
are  in  the  pit;  they  snort  wildly;  the  chariot  and  horses  resemble  those  of 
Phaeton  burlesqued.  On  the  chariot  is  an  oval  escutcheon  with  four 
quarterings  (cards,  dice,  wine-bottle,  and  glass)  and  the  letter  B.  On  the 
r.  (behind)  are  two  street-lamps  on  tall  pyramidal  posts. 

A  satire  on  the  loss  of  the  Faro  Bank,  see  No.  9078,  &c.  For  the  sinking 
fund  cf.  No.  7551. 
9|Xi4iin. 


9081  A  PAIR  OF  WIRTEMBERGS!  OR  THE  LITTLE  WILT- 
SHIRE DENTIST  EASING  FARO'S  LITTLE  DAUGHTER  OF 
THE  TOOTH-ACHE 

Cruikshank  del 

London  Published  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  July  6,  lygy 
Folios  of  Carecatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Lady  Buckinghamshire,  enormously 
stout,  leans  back  terrified  in  an  arm-chair  (1.);  an  almost  equally  fat  dentist 
( ?  Brewer)  stands  over  her,  holding  her  chin,  an  instrument  in  his  r.  hand. 
He  says :  Open  your  mouth  wide  &  I'll  pluck  un  out  for  your  Ladyship  in 
half  the  time  the  Frenchman  would  be  talking  about  un.   Her  1.  arm  and  1, 

385  cc 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

leg  are  raised,  so  that  her  foot  is  on  a  level  with  her  chin;  she  screams: 
Stop,  give  me  fair  play  Surely  you  do  not  take  me  for  a  Pidgeon!  no,  no  but 
I  have  Plucked  many  a  one.  On  the  glass  panels  of  a  door  (r.)  is  the  inscrip- 
tion :  Brewers  Trew  English  Tooth  Powder  made  from  pure  British  Herbs. 

For  'Faro's  daughter'  see  No.  8876.    The  size  of  the  pair  depicted  is 
compared  with  that  of  the  Prince  of  Wiirtemberg,  see  No.  8827  A. 
I2jx8|in. 

9082  PUSH-PIN. 

y^  Gy  inv  &  fed  ad  vivam. 

Pu¥  April  if^  1797-  by  H.  Humphrey.  27  S^ James's  Street,  London. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  people  sit  at  a  round  table  play- 
ing push-pin.  The  Duke  of  Queensberry  (r.)  leans  on  the  table,  pushing 
the  pin.  In  his  r,  hand  is  a  double  lorgnette  over  which  he  leers  at  his 
vis-a-vis,  a  very  corpulent  woman  in  a  flowered  dress  who  stares  through 
spectacles  at  the  pins.  A  younger  woman,  spinsterish  and  demure,  watches 
the  game  with  down-dropped  eyes.  Both  wear  hats.  The  chairs  are 
decorated  with  ormolu,  and  on  the  back  of  Queensberry's  is  his  crest 
(without  the  coronet) :  a  heart  between  wings.  The  floor  is  carpeted. 

The  fat  woman  is  identified  by  Wright  and  Evans  as  Mother  Windsor, 
the  bawd,  see  vol.  vi.' 

An  imitation,  R L  Push-Pin,  was  published  by  Fores,   20  Mar. 

1823.  The  three  are  George  IV,  Lady  Conyngham,  and  her  daughter. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  229  (small  copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  439. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.    Reproduced,  Chancellor,  Lives  of  the  Rakes, 
1925,  V,  frontispiece. 
8|X  io|  in.  With  border,  9|x  i2|  in. 

9082  A  A  copy:  Ja^  Gillray  deP,  faces  p.  79  of  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 
5|X7i  in.  With  border,  6/aX8|  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

9083  A  CORNER,  NEAR  THE  BANK;— OR— AN  EXAMPLE  FOR 
FATHERS.— 

J'  Gy  des""  etfed 

Pu¥  Sep"  26^^  1797-  by  H.  Humphrey.  N°  27.  S^  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  elderly  man,  bent  to  deformity,  thin 
and  shambling,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  follows  two  flamboyant  prostitutes  who 
walk  arm-in-arm,  looking  behind  them.  He  supports  himself  on  a  walking- 
stick;  from  his  pocket  protrudes  a  book:  Modest  Prints.  The  women's 
dresses  trail  on  the  pavement,  but  one  lifts  her  skirt  to  display  her  legs. 
The  background  is  formed  of  the  massive  stones  at  the  corner  of  a  high 
building. 

A  caricature  and  a  'striking  resemblance'  of  'Old  P ',  a  clerk  at  the 

Bank  of  England  who  was  a  notorious  debauchee.  Description,  1830, 
p.  228. 

Wright  and  Evans,  No.  428.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
i2|X9iin. 

•  In  1830  it  was  suggested  that  she  was  the  Duchess  of  Gordon.    She  has  no 
resemblance  to  prints  of  the  Duchess. 

386 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1797 

9084  THE  GORDON-KNOT,— OR— THE  BONNY-DUCHESS 
HUNTING  THE  BEDFORDSHIRE  BULL. 

fGyirvd&fed 

Pu¥  April  ig^^  1797-  by  H.  Humphrey  New  Bond  &  S^  James  s 

Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Duchess  of  Gordon  runs  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  pursuing  a  bull  which  gallops  away,  out  of  reach.  She  holds  out 
a  ribbon  inscribed  Matrimony,  tied  in  a  bow,  in  which  she  wishes  to  noose 
the  bull.  She  is  stout,  florid,  and  handsome,  with  tartan  draperies  hang- 
ing from  her  hair  and  looped  about  her  dress.  A  slim  daughter  (Lady 
Georgiana)  runs  beside  and  behind  her,  saying.  Run,  Mither! — run!  run! 
O  how  I  lung  to  lead  the  sweet  bonny  Creature  in  a  string!  run!  Mither! 
run.  run.  The  Duchess  cries :  De'el  burst  your  weam,  ye  overgrown  Fool, 
what  are  ye  kicking  at? — are  we  not  ganging  to  lead  ye  to  Graze  on  the  banks 
o'  the  Tweed,  &  to  make  ye  free  o'  the  Mountains  o  the  North? — Stop! — 
stop!  ye  silly  Loon  ye!  stop!,  stop,  stop.  The  scene  is  a  bare  and  slightly 
mountainous  moor.  In  the  middle  distance  three  other  daughters  of  the 
Duchess  dance  hand  in  hand :  one  is  in  back  view,  half  of  her  petticoats 
removed  to  show  breeches,  inscribed  Manchester  Velvet,  indicating  that 
she  is  Susan,  who  married  the  Duke  of  Manchester  in  1793,  and  that  she 
dominates  her  husband  (cf.  No.  8983).  One  (r.)  has  a  broom  thrust  through 
her  sash  to  indicate  that  she  is  Louisa,  m.  Viscount  Brome,  17  Apr.  1797. 
Beside  the  third  (1.)  dances  a  spaniel  attached  to  her  waist  by  a  ribbon 
inscribed  K.  Charles  Breed,  showing  that  she  is  Charlotte,  who  married 
Col.  Lennox,  see  No.  7594  (afterwards  Duke  of  Richmond).  The  Duchess 
was  renowned  for  her  match-making,  in  acquiring  three  dukes  and  a 
marquis  for  four  of  her  five  ill-dowered  daughters.  See  Wraxall,  Memoirs, 
1884,  iii-  391  ff-;  Corr.  of  Lord  G.  Leveson  Gower,  1917,  i.  68,  73,  76.  The 
pursuit  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford  was  not  at  first  successful,  but  Lady 
Georgiana  was  believed  to  have  been  engaged  to  him  shortly  before  his 
death  in  1803  (ibid.  i.  336-7),  after  which  she  married,  as  his  second  wife, 
his  brother  and  heir,  the  6th  Duke. 

Grego,  G£//ray,  p.  230.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  440.  Reprinted,  G.  IF. G., 
1830. 
9|Xi4in. 

9085  TITIANUS  REDIVIVUS;— OR— THE  SEVEN-WISE-MEN 
CONSULTING  THE  NEW  VENETIAN  ORACLE,— a  Scene  in  y' 
Academic  Grove.  N°  i. 

jf'  Qy  irw^  &  fed 

London.  Pu¥  Nov''  2^  ^797-  by  H.  Humphrey  S^  James's  Street. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  elaborate  composition,  divided  by 
the  arc  of  a  rainbow  which  supports  a  woman  who  stands  at  a  large  dark 
canvas  daubing  at  a  goblin-like  bearded  figure  intended  for  Titian.  She 
holds  a  palette  and  brushes,  but  her  paints  are  mixed  together  in  an 
earthenware  pot  like  those  used  by  house-  or  sign-painters  (as  in  No.  7770) ; 
this  stands  on  the  rainbow  at  her  feet ;  an  ass  with  the  wings  of  Pegasus 
kneels  to  drink  greedily  from  it.  His  wings  are  covered  with  words :  Review, 
Magazines^  Advertis[er],  Squib,  Herald,  Times,  True  Briton,  Puff  [repeated 
many  times].  World,  Morning  Chronicle,  Evening  Post,  Star,  Sham  Abuse, 
Squibbs,  Oracle,  Courier.  Above  the  canvas,  and  at  the  apex  of  the  design, 
is  an  eagle  surrounded  with  flames,  and  the  centre  of  rays  which  illuminate 

387 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

black  clouds  in  the  upper  part  of  the  print ;  in  its  claws  is  a  scroll :  Venetian. 
Manuscript.  The  artist  is  poised  on  high-heeled  shoes,  her  quilted  petti- 
coat is  ragged,  but  from  her  waist  hangs  a  vast  train  which  drapes  the  rain- 
bow and  terminates  in  peacock's  feathers.  This  is  held  up  by  three  naked 
Graces.  Along  the  rainbow  is  etched :  redeunt  Titianica  regna,  jam  nova 
progenies  coelo  demittitur  alto.  Part  of  a  reflected  rainbow  issues  from  the 
painting  on  the  canvas,  with  a  fainter  version  of  the  inscription  .  .  .  va 
pro[gen\ies  .  .  .  demittitur  alto,  letters  being  concealed  by  the  hair  of  the 
artist  and  by  a  flamboyant  winged  figure  seated  on  the  rainbow ;  he  blows 
his  trumpet,  from  which  issue  the  words:  You  little  Stars,  hide  your 
diminish' d  Head[s].  These  words  terminate  in  thick  clouds  from  which  five 
stars  fall  like  meteors,  leaving  trails  inscribed:  Rubens,  Correggio,  Michael 
Angela,  Raphael,  Parmegiano. 

Beneath  the  rainbow  is  a  paved  floor.  In  the  foreground  (1.)  the  head 
and  shoulders  of  (the  ghost  of)  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  emerge,  pushing  up 
one  of  the  stones ;  he  is  draped  in  a  shroud,  but  wears  spectacles ;  in  his  r. 
hand  is  his  ear-trumpet,  his  1.  is  raised  admonishingly,  and  he  says: 

Black  Spirits  &  White;  Blue  Spirits  &  Grey. 
Mingle,  mingle,  mingle! — you  that  Mingle  may. 

Behind  him  (1.)  is  a  headless  statue  of  Apollo  on  a  pedestal  against  which 
leans  a  pile  of  portfolios  inscribed:  [i]  Coszoay,  Sandby,  Bartolozzi,  Rooker, 
Turner,  [2]  Loutherbourg,  [3]  Beechey  Pinx^,  [4]  Fuselli.  A  grinning  ape 
crouches  at  the  feet  of  the  Apollo,  urinating  upon  the  portfolios  and  sup- 
porting himself  on  a  large  volume:  List  of  Subscribers  to  the  Venetian 
Humbug  at  Ten  G*  each  Dupe ;  he  wears  a  jacket  and  a  fool's  cap.  On  the 
r.  three  men  run  off  furtively  to  the  r. :  nearest  to  the  spectator  is  a  small 
man  carrying  on  his  head  an  open  sack  inscribed  Lottery  5  G^  a  dip ;  this 
sheds  its  contents:  small  papers  inscribed  Ticket,  Picture  or  2  Pict\ures\. 
From  his  coat-pocket  projects  a  large  book:  Bible  by  Mack[lin].  He  says: 
Damn  their  secrets,  I  say! — Fve  got  a  fine  Load  of  them  here! — come  who'll 
have  a  Dip  in  my  Lucky  bag! — all  Prizes  here!  Next  him  is  Alderman 
Boydell  in  his  furred  gown,  a  large  Shakespeare  under  his  r.  arm.  He  says: 
How? — What? — another  Gallery? — M"  President!  Vd  see  them  all  starve 
first,  the  Villains!  O  my  money!  my  Money!!!  On  the  extreme  r.  is  West, 
President  of  the  Academy,  holding  palette  and  brushes ;  he  says  slyly  to 
Boydell :  Charming  Secret  Friend,  for  thee  to  dash  out  another  Gallery  with! 
—but  Fm  off!! 

These  foreground  figures  are  in  shadow ;  behind  them,  in  the  light  of  the 
rainbow,  is  a  crowd  of  artists.  In  the  front  seven  painters  sit  close  together, 
as  if  in  an  art  school,  each  on  a  stool  or  box,  each  with  palette  and  brushes 
and  holding  on  his  knees  a  canvas,  whose  back  faces  the  spectator.  On 
the  r.,  and  most  conspicuous,  is  Farington,  good-looking  and  gentlemanly, 
directed  to  the  1.,  saying:  Will  this  Secret  make  me  Paint  like  Claude? —  | 
— will  it  make  a  Dunce,  a  Colourist  at  once? —  From  his  coat-pocket  hangs 
a  paper:  Method  of  Eating  ones  Way  into  the  Academy.  In  his  r.  hand  is 
a  rolled  paper:  Filchings  from  Wilson.  The  back  of  his  canvas  is  inscribed: 
Specimen  of  Faringtonian  Taste,  the  Sepulchre  of  Common-Sense.  He  has  a 
sheaf  of  small  brushes.  Next  him  sits  Opie,  a  loutish  fellow  with  unlatched 
shoes  and  the  wrinkled  gaiters  of  a  countryman ;  he  has  three  large  brushes 
and  in  his  r.  hand  is  a  trowel.   He  says :  Will  it  Paint  Thick  &  Fat,  d'ye 

see? —  I  If  not,  why,  D n  my  E^  twont  do  for  me!  On  his  canvas :  Specimen 

of  Opiean  Delicacy  Flesh-Hills  &  Blankets.   Next  is  Westall,  with  a  jovial 

388 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1797 

expression ;  in  his  r.  hand  is  a  pen ;  he  asks :  When  I  have  Flourished,  can 
I  Scumble  down,  |  &  Glaze?  to  hide  my  Blunders  from  ye  Town?  His  canvas 
is  Specimen  of  Westalian  Sublimity  Human  Nature  a  la  Monboddo  (cf. 
No.  6694).  The  faces  of  the  remaining  four  are  concealed  by  their  can- 
vases. Hoppner  holds  a  palette-knife;  his  breeches  and  stockings  are 
tattered;  he  asks:  As  I  in  Reynolds  style  my  works  Begin;  \  Wont  Titian's 
Finish,  hoist  on  me  the  grin?   His  canvas:  Spec[imen]  of  Hopnerian-Truth 

a  d d  Black  Sketch.   Next  is  Stothard,  vv^ith  thin  and  clumsy  legs,  his 

foot  protruding  through  a  shoe.  He  holds  a  porte-crayon  and  under  his 
r.  hand  is  a  print  of  two  nude  figures.  He  asks :  Will  it  on  White  Grounds 
equal  shine?  |  For  when  I  Trace  from  Ancient  works  Divine  \  I  use  no  other. 
On  his  canvas :  Speci[men]  of  Stothardian  Originality.  Shadows  of  Shades. 
Next  is  Smirke,  wearing  half-boots  of  fashionable  intention  but  with  one 
spotted  and  one  striped  stocking.   He  has  a  very  small  palette  and  a  few 

brushes,  and  asks:  Will  it  begin  &  finish  well  a  Part? —  |  For  d n  the 

Whole,  that's  no  criterion  of  y"  Art.  He  holds  a  [?]  magnifying-glass  and 
brushes ;  his  canvas  is  inscribed :  Specimen  of  Smirk-ing — Humour.  Children 

at  Sh e.   The  stout  Rigaud  sits  at  the  I.  end  of  the  row,  with  a  large 

array  of  brushes,  a  brush  in  his  clumsy  hand.  He  asks :  Can  I  make  Altera- 
tions, &  load  one  Colour  |  Over  t'other? — without  a  Hotch-potch  altogether. 
His  canvas :  [Specimen]  of  Rigaudian  Harmony  Nothing  at  all  at  all. 

Behind  these  seven,  who  have  already  obtained  the  Secret,  are  crowds 
of  others  who  clamour  for  it.  They  are  increasingly  simian  in  appearance 
as  they  recede  in  perspective ;  they  look  towards  the  girl  on  the  rainbow, 
holding  up  brushes  and  palettes.  Three  hold  portfolios:  Downman  del., 
Edridge  del.,  and  Hamilton.  A  few  are  identified  by  names  on  their 
palettes:  Northcoate,  Tresham,  Lawrence,  Devis,  O.  Humphries,  Daniel, 
Risin[g],  Bigg.  Some  of  these,  as  tiny  ape-like  creatures,  swarm  up  the 
rainbow,  and  one  is  just  visible  behind  the  feet  of  the  purveyor  of  the  Secret. 
Four  little  naked  infants  fly  above  the  artists  among  clouds,  puffing  blasts 
from  their  posteriors.  Their  wings  are  inscribed  respectively :  Ventus  Beau- 
montinus,  Ventus  Malonicus,  Ventus  Humianus,  Ventus  Rub.  Bolusius.  The 
three  first  appear  to  represent  critics  or  connoisseurs :  Sir  George  Beaumont, 
Malone,  Hume.  In  the  background  are  (r.)  the  Royal  Academy,  its  facade 
dangerously  cracked,  and  (1.)  the  temple  of  Fame  surrounded  with  scaifold- 
ing.  Above  the  design:  Ah!  ha! — Ah!  ha!  Mess"'  Van-Butchell!  [cf.  No. 
7930] — Ireland!  [see  No.  9064] — Charles! — Lane  &  Lackington!  [see  No. 
8729] — what  are  you  now? — ah!  ha! — ah!  ha! — ha!  ha!  ha!!! 

A  satire  on  the  'Venetian  Secret',  or  the  secret  of  Titian's  colouring 
which  Mary  Ann  Provis,  a  student  of  painting  aged  20,  claimed  to  have 
discovered,  and  imparted  to  those  who  paid  ten  guineas  each  and  pledged 
themselves  to  secrecy.  She  is  believed  to  have  imparted  it  to  West  free 
of  charge.  The  seven  Academicians  here  depicted  bought  the  Secret,  as  did 
other  artists  whose  identity  is  unknown.  Farington  is  believed  to  have 
persuaded  the  other  academicians  (but  the  Secret  is  not  mentioned  in  his 
Diary).  The  'Secret'  was  a  principal  subject  of  discussion  at  the  opening 
of  the  Academy  exhibition  of  1797,  and  it  was  the  general  opinion  that 
the  results  were  harmful.  Barry  writes:  'such  industrious  folly  in  con- 
triving for  the  publicity  of  a  quacking,  disgraceful  imposture,  is,  I  believe, 
unparalleled  in  the  history  of  the  art',  Whitley,  Artists  and  their  Friends 
in  England,  1928,  ii.  209-12.  The  theme  gives  Gillray  an  opportunity  for 
art  criticism  and  for  expressing  his  aversion  to  Boydell,  see  No.  7584,  &c., 
and  to  the  similar  undertaking  of  Thomas  Macklin,  who  held  exhibitions 

389 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

of  pictures  commissioned  to  illustrate  the  Bible  and  the  British  Poets.  (His 
Bible  was  published  in  eight  folio  volumes,  1800-16;  B.M.L.  5.  i.  2-9.) 
Like  Miss  Provis,  they  are  associated  with  the  puffing  quacks  and  advertisers 
whose  names  surmount  the  design.  For  his  dislike  of  newspaper  puffs  cf. 
No.  9240,  &c.  The  names  on  the  portfolios  are,  presumably,  those  of 
artists  who  held  conspicuously  aloof  or  whom  Gillray  wished  to  commend. 
Turner,  only  twenty-two,  was  already  much  praised.  Whitley,  op.  cit., 
pp.  182-3,  215.  For  Gillray  and  Fuseli  cf.  Nos.  7584,  7937,  7972,  8105. 
Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  231,  232  (reproduction).  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  443. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
2o|x  16  in. 

9086  A  THEATRICAL  CANDIDATE.  [?  1797] 
[Rowlandson.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    An  actor,  ugly  and  ragged,  stands 
gesticulating,  the  1.  arm  extended  towards  Sheridan,  who  sits  in  a  low 
chair  (r.)  before  a  small  rectangular  table.  He  fixes  Sheridan  with  a  hungry 
,       \  L^Jf^        glare,  clutching  a  small  cocked  hat  in  his  r.  hand.    Beneath  the  title: 
'''  A  Candidate  for  the  stage  lately  applied  to  the  Manager  of  Drury-lane 

Theatre  for  an  engagement.  After  he  had  exhibited  specimens  of  his  various 
talents,  the  following  dialogue  took  place  between  the  Manager  and  him,  "Sir 
you  stutter" — "So  did  M^^  Inchbald" — You  are  lame  of  a  leg" — "So  was 

Foote" —  You  are  knock-kneed" — "So  is  Wroughton" — "  You  have  a  d n'd 

ugly  face" — "So  had  Weston" — "You  are  very  short" — "So  was  Garrick" 
— "  You  squint  abominably" — "So  does  Lewis" — "  You  are  a  mere  monotonous 
manerist" — "So  is  Kemble" — "You  are  but  a  miserable  copy  of  Kemble" — 
"So  is  Barrymore" — "  You  have  a  perpetual  whine" — "So  has  Pope" — "In 
comedy  you  are  quite  a  buffoon" — "So  is  [Bannister '] — "You  sing  as  ill  as 
you  act" — "So  does  Kelly" — "But  you  have  all  those  defects  combined" — 
"So  much  the  more  singular — . 

On  Sheridan's  table  are  bundles  of  papers,  a  letter:  Sir  Do  you  ever 
mean  to  pay  me  for  my  Tragedy  .  .  . ;  a  large  scroll  on  which  are  the 
words:  unpaid  Sal\aries'\ — Proprietlprs'^  Demand — Chancery —  He  sits  on 
a  paper  inscribed  Pit  Mony ;  under  his  chair  are  large  bundles  of  papers 
inscribed  Art  of  Humbug  and  Rente[rs'^  Share.  In  the  upper  r.  corner  of 
the  design  is  a  quotation  from  Hamlet,  iii.  ii,  beginning  Oh,  there  be  Players, 
and  ending,  they  imitated  humanity  so  abominably. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  330. 
8x9  in.  PL,  i3|X9|in. 

9087  AN  AUTHOR  &  BOOKSELLER 
Rowlandson  delin 

London  Pub.  by  Will'"  Holland  N°  50  Oxford  Sir*  July  14.  1797. 

Photograph  of  an  aquatint.  A  monstrously  fat  bookseller  (1.),  r.  hand 
plunged  in  his  coat  pocket,  turns  aside  from  the  frantic  application  of  a 
thin  author,  who  holds  his  MS.  and  shouts  or  declaims  with  a  despairing 
expression.  The  latter  wears  a  tattered  coat,  and  his  toes  protrude  through 
a  shoe.  The  bookseller,  spectacles  pushed  up  on  his  forehead,  has  an 
expression  of  calculating  and  contemptuous  complacency.  Cf.  No.  6722, 
a  similar  subject  by  Rowlandson. 

Original  (A.  de  R.  ii.  90),  11JX7I  in.  With  border,  I2|x8f  in. 
'  Name  erased,  'Bannister'  written  in  an  old  hand. 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1797 

9087  a  a  lithographic  copy  with  the  same  title  [?  18 18].  The  income 
held  by  the  author  under  his  arm  is  altered  to  a  round  hat.  Similar  in 
manner  to  lithographs  by  G.  Cruikshank. 

iifxSf  in. 

9088  THE  LILLIPUTAN  SATIRISTS 

Cruikshank  del 

Pub  June  22^  lygy  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  so  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 
ville  St — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  at  Bath.  Two  ladies  (r.)  walk 
arm  in  arm,  1.  to  r.  and  slightly  towards  the  spectator.  They  wear  chemise- 
like dresses  through  which  the  contour  of  their  legs  is  apparent,  the  tops 
of  their  stockings  being  visible.  One  wears  a  bonnet  with  a  single  erect 
feather,  a  closed  fan  in  her  r.  hand;  with  her  r.  hand  she  loops  up  her 
skirt,  increasing  her  indecorous  appearance.  The  other  wears  no  hat,  but 
holds  up  a  small  parasol  on  a  hinged  stick.  On  the  r.,  and  walking  away 
from  the  ladies,  is  Wolcot  (Peter  Pindar),  a  plainly  dressed,  stout  man 
holding  a  cane  and  raising  his  hat.  Beneath  the  title: 

Nymphs!  who  beneath  old  Lansdozvn's  blood-stained  Hill, 

With  cruel  gall  your  gentle  bosoms  fill — 

Whether  you  chuse  the  pencils  power  to  vex. 

Or  self  important,  scorn  your  own  weak  sex. 

Or  by  your  fancied  Wit  gain  Men's  applause. 

Or  shew  your  symmetry  thro  shades  of  gauze. 

Accept  this  humble  tribute — Cut  for  Cut, 

Ye  precious  Satyrists  of  Lilliput! 

An  imitation  of  satires  by  Gillray  on  dress.  The  ladies  may  be  intended 
for  the  Gubbins  sisters,  see  No.  8372,  &c.  For  Wolcot  see  vol.  vi. 
lofxSf  in. 

9088  A  A  later  state,  with  the  same  imprint,  in  which  the  initials  P.P. 
have  been  added  inside  the  raised  hat  to  indicate  Peter  Pindar.  The 
shading  on  the  draperies  of  the  nearer  lady  (1.)  has  been  partly  obliterated, 
modifying  the  exposure  of  the  leg.  Over  the  heads  of  the  ladies:  Good 
morning  sweet  Bard!!! 

9089  A  VISIT  FROM  THE  FOUNDER 

JN  [Nixon]  lygy 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  Dulwich  College  Chapel.  A  stout  man, 
probably  the  Master,  wearing  a  gown,  stands  in  a  pulpit  or  desk  (1,),  a 
large  book  before  him,  his  eyes  and  mouth  twisted  in  a  sly  leer.  Below 
him  (r.)  the  figure  of  Edward  Alleyne  has  risen  from  a  tombstone  and 
stands  (H.L.)  holding  up  the  horizontal  stone.  He  is  surrounded  by 
clouds.  He  wears  hat,  ruff,  and  a  gown  which  differs  from  that  of  the 
living  man  chiefly  in  being  furred.  The  figure  is  copied  (in  reverse)  from  the 
W.L.  portrait  of  Alleyne  at  Dulwich  College.  On  the  stone,  beneath  a 
coat  of  arms,  is  the  inscription,  a  strip  along  the  1.  being  cut  off  by  the 
lower  margin  of  the  print:  Sacred  \  the  Memory  of  \  Edward  Alleyne  \ 
Founder  of  this  |  College  \  Life  Nov  26  \  1626  JE  63  \  Likewise  \  Joan  his 

391 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Dear  \  Wife  who  F  \  race  28  June  1623.  Next  the  Master  is  a  sour-looking 
profile,  and,  below,  three  choristers  (full-face),  are  grinning  broadly. 

The  qualifications  for  the  Warden  (who  in  due  course  became  Master) 
were  that  he  should  be  named  Allen  or  Alleyn,  be  respectable  and  un- 
married. The  last  condition  gave  rise  to  scandals,  the  most  notable  being 
the  case  of  Thomas  Allen  (Master  1775,  d.  1805),  evidently  depicted  here, 
who,  while  nominally  living  in  College,  actually  lived  in  a  cottage  opposite 
the  chapel  'with  certain  female  relatives  or  connections'.  The  tombstones 
of  Alleyne  and  his  wife  Joan  in  the  chancel  of  the  chapel  were  described 
by  Aubrey  (incorporated  in  Rawlinson's  Natural  History  and  Antiquities 
of  Surrey,  1719).  W.  Young,  Hist,  of  Dulwich  College,  1889,  i.  444,  462. 
6j|x7|in. 

9090  THE  PARSON  AND  THE  FOX. 

London  Pu¥  by  L.  Gregg.  Dean  S^  Soho,  Oct  lygy 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  young  parson  in  gown  and  bands  rides 
(r.  to  1.)  on  a  galloping  fox  across  open  ground.  In  the  background  is  part 
of  the  fa9ade  of  an  institutional  building,  long  and  low  with  a  central  cupola 
with  a  clock.  Above  the  design :  O  Polly  F Polly  F my  dear,  con- 
sider my  clerical  character!  I  fear  I  shall  he  thrown  out  in  this  love  chace!  I,  the 
very  pine  apple  of  Parsons,  the  Adonis  of  pulpit  orators,  running  from  a  com- 
fortable Asylum  in  this  manner!  consider,  my  dear  Syren,  there  is  a  great 
difference  between  Fox  riding  and  Fox  hunting!!! 

The  scandal  probably  relates  to  the  chaplain  of  the  Female  Orphan 
Asylum  known  as  'The  Asylum'  in  St.  George's  Fields  (founded  1758)  and 
a  courtesan  called  Fox.  The  manner  and  script  are  those  of  plates  published 
by  Holland. 
8|xio|  in. 

9091  [SISTER  JANE]  [?  17971] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  No  title.  A  woman  (r.)  stands  over  a 
kneeling  man  brandishing  a  whip.  He  says:  Have  mercy  in  God's  name 
think  oh  think  of  my  Poor  Parents  What  have  I  Done —  She  answers: 
No  you  Dog  III  invent  Lies  to  Get  you  Lock  d,  out  to  starve,  hunger  will  make 
you  Steal  Bread  &  then  III  see  you  Hang'dH!  Both  are  dressed  in  the 
fashion  of  c.  1797;  he  wears  a  spencer  (see  No.  8192).  Behind  her  on  the 
extreme  r.  is  a  gibbet.  Behind  (1.)  the  Devil  emerges  from  cloud,  nude 
and  horned,  holding  a  fork.  He  says,  smiling  at  her:  Well  Done  Sister  Jane. 
Reproduced,  Fuchs  und  Kind,  Die  Weiberherrschaft,  1913,  ii.  544  (dated 
1791). 
6\  X  6|  in. 

9092  THE  SURGEONS  PETITION,  OR  THE  BARBERS  TRIUMPH- 
ANT. 

Woodward  del 

Pu¥  Aug'  /*  lygy  by  SW  Fores,  50  Piccadilly. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  deputation  of  six  surgeons,  their 
leader  holding  out  an  enormous  scroll,  deprecatingly  approaches  Thur- 

'  Dated  1797  in  Register. 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1797 

low  (r.).    He  thrusts  his  hands  deep  in  the  pockets  of  his  old-fashioned 
waistcoat,  and  turns  his  head  to  scowl  at  the  petitioners,  saying.  You  may 

be  D d  all  together/  The  scroll  is  inscribed :  We  the  Honorable  Ancient 

and  truly  respectable  Society  of  Surgeons — humbly  Petition  your  Morose 
Lordship  to  take  into  Consideration  our  deplorable  Case,  stated  as  follows. 
Wheras,  some  of  our  thick  headed  Ancestors  thought  proper  to  couple  them- 
selves with  a  society  of  pitiful,  paltry,  shaving,  soaping.  Beggarly  Barbers, 
under  the  general  denomination  of  Barber  Surgeons.  Now  we  your  Lordships 
Petitioners  being  in  affluent  circumstances  many  of  us  keeping  our  Chariots 
and  living  on  the  fat  of  the  Land,  are  truly  ashamed  of  our  dishonorable 
connection  from  which  we  humbly  request  to  be  removed  and  to  have  the  sole 
right  to  Bleed,  cut,  draw,  lance,  probe,  saw,  hack,  mangle  tear,  blister,  burn, 
embrocate  fumigate,  mend  a  pate,  potion,  lotion  palm,  pocket,  charge  and  Kill 
in  future  independant  of  the  scury  [sic]  disgraceful  Company  to  which  we 
have  hitherto  been  united,  and  your  petitioners  further  pray  that  all  past 
transactions,  pecuniary  as  well  as  Bartering  may  be  completely  Amputated 
from  the  Retrospection  of  the  aforsaid  Beggarly,  Barbers  and  we  your  truly 
respectable  Petitioners  shall  ever  Pray 
Signed 

Peter  Probe.  F.S.A. 
Simon  Slash.  F.R.S. 
Cornelius  Caustic  Eques 
[&c.,  &c.,  the  succeeding  names  all  have  the  title  Eques. ^ 

The  surgeons  are  caricatured  and  plebeian  in  appearance.  On  the 
extreme  r.,  behind  Thurlow,  is  a  barber,  more  gentlemanly  than  the  peti- 
tioners, at  whom  he  looks  apprehensively.  He  holds  a  judge's  wig  and 
barber's  bowl,  and  is  saying :  thats  right  my  Lord  blow  em  up.  The  scene 
is  a  street  corner,  the  lower  part  of  a  building  and  of  a  high  wall  being 
indicated  as  a  background. 

The  surgeons,  after  many  attempts,  were  separated  from  the  Company 
of  Barber- Surgeons  by  Act  of  Parliament  in  1745 ;  they  formed  a  Company 
which  expired  in  1796  owing  to  negligence  and  inattention.  In  1797  a  Bill 
was  introduced  to  erect  the  Corporation  of  Surgeons  of  London  into  a 
College ;  this  was  petitioned  against  by  the  remnants  of  the  Company,  and 
on  17  July,  on  the  third  reading,  it  was  shelved  after  a  violent  speech  from 
Thurlow,  which  killed  the  Bill;  he  maintained  that  they  were  a  mere 
trading  company  who  should  be  compelled  to  use  a  galley-pot  and  red  rag 
(cf.  No.  9193)  for  a  sign  corresponding  to  the  barber's  striped  pole:  'The 
merciless  cruelty  of  these  regulations  could  only  be  suggested  by  a  surgeon.* 
Auckland  supported  it  on  the  ground  that  it  merely  re-enacted  the  former 
privileges  of  the  Corporation  as  there  were  doubts  whether  this  still 
existed.  Lords  Journals,  xli.  174,  395,  399;  Land.  Chron.,  18  July  1797. 
Thurlow's  speech  was  reprinted,  Lancet,  xi.  679.  The  root  of  the  trouble 
was  the  dissension  between  the  two  types  of  surgeon:  the  well-educated 
and  dignified,  anxious  for  a  College,  and  the  ill-educated  majority,  who 
belonged  to  the  class  of  small  shopkeepers  and  were  satisfied  to  belong  to 
a  City  Company.  The  difficulty  was  solved  by  the  grant  of  a  charter 
(22  Mar.  1800)  establishing  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons.  Its  validity 
was  questioned  in  1892 ;  it  was  then  legally  decided  that  the  Company  had 
expired  in  1796  when  its  property  reverted  to  the  Crown  and  had  been 
granted  to  the  new  College.  C.  Wall,  Hist,  of  the  Surgeons"  Company,  1937, 
pp.  183-215.  See  Nos.  9093,  9193,  and  cf.  No.  8376. 
9lxi3i|in.  / 

393 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9093  THE  BATTLE  OF  THE  BARBERS  AND  SURGEONS 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  August  14,  lygy  by  SW  Fores  N°  50,  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Hand-to-hand  encounters  between 
surgeons,  indicated  by  their  instruments  and  their  old-fashioned  dress, 
and  barbers,  wearing  aprons  and  also  with  the  tools  of  their  trade.  In  the 
centre  a  barber  seizes  the  wig  and  neck-cloth  of  his  antagonist,  who  says : 
Take  care  of  my  Wig  I  had  it  new  to  go  down  to  the  House.  The  other 
answers :  /  //  dress  your  wig  for  you  Master  Bolus — you  Bleed  indeed — why 
I  let  as  much  blood  for  a  penny,  as  you  charge  a  pound  for.  A  barber  (1.) 
bends  over  his  prostrate  victim  (who  cries  murder  murder),  saying,  77/  teach 
you  to  despise  Gentlemen  Barbers  you  pitiful  Pill  monger.  A  stout  well- 
dressed  surgeon  (r.)  raises  his  tasselled  cane  to  strike  a  terrified  and  ragged 
barber,  saying:  ///  teach  you,  you  beggarly  Scoundrel  to  call  yourself  Barber- 
surgeon  &  poking  out  your  Damn'd  Pole — when  I  am  riding  in  my  Chariot. 
The  other  screams  O  Dear  Brother  Dressum  youll  throttle  me  I  take  in  my 
Pole  Damn  the  Cutting  Part  of  the  business.  Behind  (1.),  under  a  barber's 
pole  from  which  hangs  a  barber's  basin,  a  surgeon  raises  his  cane  to  smite 
a  fleeing  barber.  In  the  background  two  other  couples  are  fighting.  See 
No.  9092,  &c. 
8f  X  14!  in.  'Caricatures',  vii.  25. 

9094  A     SUDDEN    EXPLOSION.     OR    THE    ASTONISHING 
EFFECT'S  OF  QUACKERY. 

Woodward  deP^ 

Published  Jany  J*'  lygy  by  S  W Fores  50  Piccadilly,  Folios  of  Carrica- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  outside  Bedlam  Hospital,  the 
wall  and  gate  (1.),  with  its  recumbent  figures,  forming  a  background.  A 
quack  doctor  (r.)  pours  the  contents  of  a  bottle  of  Cholic  Drops  through 
a  funnel  into  the  mouth  of  a  patient  who  is  on  his  hands  and  knees  before 
him.  An  explosion  from  his  posteriors  carries  away  the  back  of  his  coat 
and  breeches,  overturns  a  fish-woman  whose  fish  fly  into  the  air,  and  blows 
off  the  hat  and  wig  of  a  passer-by.  Four  spectators  (r.)  watch  the  administra- 
tion of  the  dose. 
8|xi2|in. 


9095  CORSICAN  PHYSICIAN 

y  Daubigny  deP 

Published  Jany  2  lygy  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (outline).  Design  in  an  oval.  A  stout  elderly  man  stands 
directed  to  the  r.,  his  head  in  profile.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  knotted  stick, 
his  r.  hand  is  thrust  under  his  waistcoat,  his  hat  under  his  arm.  His  dress 
is  old-fashioned.  The  foreground  is  rocky  and  irregular,  with  broken  steps 
leading  to  a  piazza  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  stone  buildings  Italian 
in  character.  For  the  English  occupation  of  the  island  see  No.  8516. 
7lX5f  in. 

'  Almost  obliterated  by  shading. 

394 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1797 

9096  DIVINITY  AND  LAW  OR  A  PAIR  OF  PORTRAITS 

E.  Blunt  det  T  S  Sculp  [Sansom] 

Pub'^  Decern''  iP^  ijgy  hy  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly,  Folios  of  Carica- 
tures lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  men,  one  (the  parson)  on  horse- 
back, the  other  (the  lawyer)  walking  by  his  side,  closely  resemble  each 
other  in  profile  and  appearance  except  that  the  latter  is  thin  and  angular. 
The  ungainly  horse  walks  slowly  (1.  to  r.)  along  a  country  road,  beside 
which  is  a  milestone:  Derby.  11  \  Leicester.  ly  \  London.  116.  In  the  distance 
is  a  village  church. 
8|X7f  in. 

9097  NATURE  DISPLAY'D,  SHEWING  THE  EFFECT  OF  THE 
CHANGE  OF  THE  SEASONS  ON  THE  LADIES  GARDEN. 

T.  B h.  del'  [Gillray  f.] 

Pu¥  May  22^  lygy  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S'  James's  Street 

Engraving.  A  design  in  an  octagon  enclosed  within  a  square.  Four  head- 
less women's  figures,  T.Q.L.,  emerge  at  r.  angles  to  each  other  from  a 
centre  surrounded  by  a  wreath  of  cloud  or  smoke  inscribed  Thunder 
Lightning  Wind  Rain.  The  neck  of  the  figure  rising  vertically  from  the 
centre  terminates  in  roses  and  is  inscribed  Gather  your  Rose-Buds  while 
you  may.  Projecting  horizontally  to  the  r.  is  one  terminating  in  bunches 
of  grapes;  another  bunch  below  the  waist  is  inscribed  Nursery.  Facing 
downwards  is  a  figure  whose  head  is  replaced  by  a  smoking  chimney-pot ; 
she  is  Hot  House.  The  figure  directed  horizontally  to  the  1.  terminates  in 
primroses  and  is  inscribed  Two  Bunches  of  Penny  Primroses. 

For  'garden'  see  Partridge,  Slang  Diet. 

Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
9I X  9f  in. 

9098  AT  A  TRAGEDY. 

425    Dighton  del.  [?  ^- i797] 

London:  Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  St.  Paul's  Church  Yard. 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  Nine  men's  heads 
are  crowded  together  in  the  first  two  rows  of  the  pit,  whose  spikes  are  in 
the  foreground.  They  gaze  intently  to  the  r.  with  expressions  of  misery 
or  concern.  One  weeps,  with  spectacles  pushed  up,  another's  eyes  are 
closed.  One  holds  a  play-bill:  Theatre  Royal  |  Drury  Lane  \  Isabella  \  or 
the  I  Fatal  Marriage.  A  companion  print  to  No.  9099,  with  a  similar 
background. 

An  adaptation  by  Garrick  (1758)  of  Southern's  Fatal  Marriage  with  the 
comic  part  omitted.  Mrs.  Siddons  as  Isabella  always  excited  'the  strong 
emotions  of  sympathy'  shown  by  'tears  and  shrieks  in  the  principal  scenes'. 
Baker,  Biog.  Dram.  A  companion  print  to  No.  9099.  Audiences  registering 
contrasted  emotions  were  a  favourite  subject,  see  Nos.  7216,  7217  (by 
Boyne),  7606  (by  Rowlandson),  8278,  8279  (by  Boyne).  Cf.  No,  8776. 
For  the  series  see  No.  9101,  &c. 
5lX4|in. 

395 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9099  AT  A  COMEDY. 

426  Dighton  del.  [?  c.  1797] 

London:  Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  St.  Paul's  Church  Yard. 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  Eight  men  (H.L., 
or  heads),  closely  grouped,  all  but  one  in  profile,  grin  broadly,  gazing 
intently  to  the  1.  One  uses  an  opera-glass,  another  (in  regimentals)  a 
lorgnon.  One  holds  a  play-bill:  [Thedjtre  Royal  |  Covent  Garden  \  All  in 
good  Humour.  The  distant  boxes  and  gallery  form  a  background.  See 
No.  9098. 

A  one-act  play  by  W.  C.  Oulton,  acted  at  the  Haymarket  (1792),  which 
was,  in  18 12,  still  performed  occasionally.  Baker,  Biog.  Dram. 
5|X4f  in. 

9100  NECK  OR  NOTHING!  OR  QUITE  THE  KICK. 

42  y  Dighton  del.  [?  c.  1797] 

London:  Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  St.  Paul's  Church  Yard 

Mezzotint.  Design  in  an  oval.  A  young  man  (T.Q.L.),  directed  to  the  r., 
with  arms  folded,  smiles  complacently.  His  elaborate  neck-cloth  swathes 
his  chin,  his  hair,  parted  in  the  centre,  falls  loosely  on  his  forehead  and 
shoulders.  He  holds  a  looped  hat.  *The  kick'  denotes  the  present  fashion. 
Grose,  Diet.  Vulg.  Tongue,  1796.  Cf.  No.  8191.  For  the  series  see  No. 
9101,  &c. 
5^X4!  in.  Fairholt's  Collection  for  Costume,  ii,  fo.  15  b. 

9101  THE  GUARDIAN  OF  THE  NIGHT. 

432  Dighton  del.  [}  c.  1797] 
London:  Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  St.  Paul's  Church  Yard, 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  An  aged  watchman 
(H.L.)  asleep  in  his  box,  arms  folded.  On  the  side  of  the  box,  beside  his 
head  (1.),  are  his  rattle  and  (lighted)  lantern.   Below  the  title: 

"Then  to  my  Box  I  creep. And  then  fall  fast  asleep." 

Dibdins  Watchman 

A  song  from  Dibdin's  entertainment.  Castles  in  the  Air  (1793),  printed 
in  his  Professional  Life,  1803,  iii.  263-5.   See  No.  8559.   For  the  series  see 
Nos.  8917,  &c.,  9054,  9055,  9098-9100,  9102,  9103. 
5JX4I  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  123. 

9 1 02  AN  ARISTOCRATICAL  COOK  WITH  A  CONSTITUTIONAL 
DINNER. 

[Dighton  del.]  [?  c.  1797] 

433  London.    Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yard 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).    Design  in  an  oval.    The  head  and 
shoulders  of  a  fat  and  jolly  cook,  grinning  broadly,  directed  to  the  r. ;  he 
holds  a  sirloin  on  a  dish.    He  wears  a  white  cap  and  open  shirt.    Cf. 
No.  9054.  For  the  series  see  No.  9101,  &c. 
5^X4!  in.,  'Caricatures',  ii.  125. 

396 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1797 

9103  WHAT  D'YE  THINK  OF  ME? 

[Dighton  del.]  [?  c.  1797] 

424.  London  Printed  for  Bowles  &  Carver,  No.  6g  St.  Paul's  Church 

Yard. 
Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  an  oval.  A  smiling  buxom 
woman  (T.Q.L.),  hands  on  hips,  probably  a  St.  Giles's  barmaid,  stands 
looking  to  the  r.  Behind  her  is  a  chalked  ale-house  score  and  small 
tankard  (indicating  gin)  and  a  glass.  Similar  in  character  to  No.  8418.  For 
the  series  see  No.  9101,  &c. 
5i6><4i  ^^'  'Caricatures',  ii.  122. 

9104  [DAYS  OF  YORE!!  Vol.  2.  PL  13 
Woodward  Delin  Cruikshanks  Sculpt 
Pu¥  Feby  16^^  lygy  by  S.W.  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 

ville  Street  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evenly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  pairs  of  figures  in  quasi-Eliza- 
bethan dress,  arranged  in  two  rows,  their  words  etched  above  their  heads 
(not  transcribed  in  full),  [i]  Two  ladies  in  gothic  chairs  breakfast  heartily 
on  beef -steak  and  beer.  [2]  A  stalwart  man  of  fashion  invites  his  still  more 
burly  companion  to  dine  at  twelve.  The  other  answers :  .  .  .  you  get  into 
fashionable  hours  consider  I  breakfasted  at  Six.  [3]  An  aunt  and  niece,  the 
latter  wearing  a  large  ruff,  which  she  defends  as  being  all  the  fashion  .  .  . 
my  Husband  allows  me  a  new  suit  a  Year.  [4]  A  stout  couple  walk  arm  in  arm 
to  church,  accompanied  by  two  tiny  children.  [5]  Two  gossiping  ladies 
walk  together,  one  knitting,  the  other  with  a  distaff;  they  condemn  a  woman 
on  the  scandalous  ground  that  she  goes  to  bed  with  her  door  shut  every  night. 
[6]  Two  gentlemen  play  drafts,  one  limits  his  stake  to  a  farthing  a  rubber, 
the  other  pleads  for  a  halfpenny.  [7]  Two  others  prepare  to  play  quarter- 
staff  for  exercise :  the  first  broken  head  for  a  dobbin  of  Ale.  [8]  A  couple 
sit  over  two  tankards  of  ale,  the  man  smoking,  the  lady  mending  her  hus- 
band's breeches.  He  says:  /  declare  it  is  almost  sun  set  it  is  time  Wife  to 
think  about  going  to  bed.  She  answers :  When  you  please  my  dear  I  have 
almost  finish' d  my  work.  A  companion  print  to  No.  9105.  For  the  theme 
cf.  Nos.  5936,  5937  (1781).  For  the  series  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
iif  X17I  in. 

9105  [THE  DAYS  WE  LIVE  IN!!  Vol.  2.  PL  14. 
Woodward  Delin.  [I.  Cruikshank  f.] 
Pu¥  April  5'*  lygy  by  S.W.  Fores ^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  9104,  simi- 
larly arranged,  [i]  A  breakfast-table  laid  with  cloth,  tea-urn,  and  cups, 
the  man  in  dressing-gown  and  slippers;  the  lady  turns  to  her  maid, 
saying:  Betty — bring  me  the  Sal  volatile — I  feel  uncommonly  nervous — this 
Green  tea  does  not  agree  with  me.  The  man  says  I  feel  very  queer  myself. 
[2]  A  man  wearing  a  spencer  and  large  cocked  hat  invites  his  friend  to 
dine  not  later  than  seven ;  the  other  answers :  Why  you  dine  earlier  than 
usual.  [3]  One  lady  congratulates  another  on  her  dress,  and  is  answered 
.  .  .  I  am  surprised  I  can  dress  at  all  he  allows  me  but  eight  Hundred  a  year 
pin  money.   [4]  An  elderly  couple  return  from  church  (without  books) ;  he 

'  Title  and  imprint  from  A.  de  R.  vi.  2-3.  *  Ibid.  vi.  4-5. 

397 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

says :  77/  never  go  again!  I  never  saw  such  a  Quiz  of  a  parson  since  I  was 
born.  She  answers,  flirting  her  fan :  A  Charity  Sermon  indeed — I  suppose 
he  thinks  people  have  nothing  else  to  do  with  their  money  ....  [5]  One  gossip 
says  to  another,  I  declare  I  blush  to  think  of  it ;  the  other  answers,  Crim  Con 
— Crim  Con  for  ever  I  think  [cf.  No.  8925].  [6]  Two  men  play  cards;  one 
says,  What  do  you  say  five  Hundred  on  the  Knave,  the  other  answers  Done! 
double  it  if  you  please.  [7]  One  blood  says  to  another,  Its  a  long  time  till 
dinner  suppose  we  have  a  snail  race  for  a  hundred.  His  friend  answers : 
Whatever  you  like  my  droll  one — Fm  the  boy  for  everlasting — that's  your  sort. 
(Cf.  No.  8073.)  [8]  A  couple  yawn  over  candles  and  a  decanter.  He  says: 
It  is  almost  one  o' Clock  suppose  we  go  to  the  Masquerade  my  dear.  She 
answers:  Any  thing  to  keep  one  awake! 
iif  X  17I  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  49. 

9106  [EFFECTS  OF  PEACE. 

Ty  Squibb  del  [?  Woodward.]  [?  I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Pu¥  July  24^  lygy  by  S.W.  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 
ville  St — t  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Ten  figures  arranged  in  two  rows 
soliloquize  on  the  blessings  of  peace.  The  alderman  will  again  have  turtle, 
the  sailor  will  squander  his  prize-money,  the  prostitute  will  do  better 
business,  &c.   The  last  is  a  foppish  young  officer  who  says :  I  am  glad  it 's 

all  over,  what  D d  expeditions  we  have  been  sent  on,  Bantry  Bay!  the 

Cawdorean  attack  at  Fishguard  ah  that  was  a  desperate  business  poor  Lord 
Cawdor,  how  I  pitied  him,  but  now  our  stern  Alarms  are  changed  to  merry 
meetings!  and  if  I  dont  make  some  old  Codgers  feel  the  effects  of  Peace  curse 
my  Taylor. 

For  peace-talk  cf.  No.  9031.  The  Bantry  Bay  expedition  failed  owing 
to  bad  weather,  bad  discipline,  and  bad  seamanship.  See  No.  8979, 
&c.  Lord  Cawdor  commanded  the  Cardiganshire  militia ;  Tate  and  his 
rabble  surrendered  to  him  unconditionally.  See  'The  French  Landing 
at  Fishguard',  Archaeologia  Cambrensis,  Oct.  1883,  and  No.  8992.  In 
neither  case  were  troops  in  action.  One  of  a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
I2X  17!  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  38. 

9107  HOBBY  HORSES. 
[Woodward  del.] 

Pu¥  Sep"  12*^  lygy  by  S.W.  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 
ville  Street.    [Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening.^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Six  groups  of  two,  or  three,  figures, 
arranged  in  two  rows,  illustrating  hobbies,  [i]  A  young  apprentice  or  'cit' 
attempts  to  get  an  older  man  to  come  for  a  sail  in  a  small  boat,  the  Dread- 
nought, in  which  he  has  only  hsidfive  trifling  accidents . .  .  upset  three  carried 
a  piece  of  Battersea  Bridge  and  drown' d  a  Wherry  full  of  Women.  [2]  A  fat 
'cit',  stage-mad,  saying,  acting's  my  hobby  . . .  goes  off  to  play  Ranger;  his 
friend  tells  him  he  would  cut  a  better  figure  in  Falstaff.  A  maidservant 
buckles  his  shoe.  [3]  A  man  with  a  double  butterfly-net  is  warned  by  a 
boy  not  to  walk  into  a  gravel-pit;  he  has  just  missed  the  finest  Emperor  of 

'  Title  and  imprint  from  A.  de  R.  v.  194-5. 

*  Worn  off  the  pi. ;  taken  from  A.  de  R.  v.  190-1. 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1797 

Morocco  [see  No.  9326]  /  ever  saw  .  .  .  I  should  have  got  free  admission  to 
the  Leverian  Museum  for  him  .  .  .  (Sir  Ashton  Lever's  collection  of  natural 
history,  &c.,  exhibited  at  the  Rotunda,  Blackfriars  Bridge).  [4]  A  fat  parson 
taking  tea  is  beset  by  the  cats  and  dogs  of  his  spinsterish  sister  [?],  who 
sits  at  the  tea-table,  which  he  kicks  over,  swearing.  [5]  A  *cit'  is  gardening 
and  shows  a  plant  to  his  fat  and  hectoring  wife :  .  .  .  zvhen  I  come  in  and 
look  into  Linnaeus  I  can  tell  you  the  Class  Genus  and  all  about  it.  She  stands 
by  with  an  umbrella,  saying,  .  .  .  why  it  pours  with  rain  and  see  where  your 
Hat  and  Wig  is  Hanging.  They  grotesquely  decorate  the  head  of  a  figure 
of  a  negro,  nude  and  kneeling,  which  supports  a  sundial.  [6]  Two  ladies 
look  up  at  a  colossal  statue  whose  muscular  legs  below  the  knee  are  alone 
visible.  One  is  the  sculptor,  the  other  inspects  with  admiration,  and 
asks,  pray  what  do  you  intend  to  do  with  this  Collossus.  I  intend  it  my  dear 
for  the  top  of  Drury  Lane  Theatre.  .  .  .  Though  the  sculptress  is  fat,  a 
gibe  at  Mrs.  Darner  may  be  intended,  see  No.  7585.  Probably  one  of 
a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
I2jxi7|in. 


9108  [FAMILY  SECRETS!! 

Woodward  Delin.  Cruikshanks  Sculp* 

Pu¥  October  12*^  1797  ^y  S.W.  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of 

Sackville  Street — Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. Y 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  pairs  of  people  (arranged  in  two 
rows)  in  confidential  conversation,  their  words  etched  above  their  heads: 
there  are  four  pairs  of  men,  three  pairs  of  a  man  and  woman,  one  pair  of 
elderly  women.  The  subjects  range  from  family  scandal  to  the  Family 
Secret  of  a  horse-doctor's  remedies.  One  of  a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
iifx  17I  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  41. 

9109  [THE  EFFECTS  OF  A  NEW  PEERAGE. 
[Woodward  del.   I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Pu¥  Dec  11*^  1797  by  S.  W.  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 
ville Street  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. Y" 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fourteen  figures  arranged  in  two  rows, 
with  speeches  engraved  above  each  person.  The  first  two  are  a  gouty  old 
parvenu  and  his  footman.  The  former  says:  You  rascal,  I'll  have  you  tried 
at  Westminster  Hall  for  a  Contempt  of  the  Peerage.  The  other,  in  smart 
livery  but  with  ill-dressed  hair,  answers:  Ecod!  Measter  I  could  not  call  you 
lord,  if  I  were  to  die  for  it,  when  I  think  of  old  Mistress  and  the  green  Grocers 
shop.  A  couple  with  Irish  profiles  face  each  other  seated ;  both  wear  stars. 
One  says :  /  never  was  so  ashamed  of  any  thing  in  my  life — all  the  little  boys 
hoot  at  me  I  believe  I  must  give  it  up  after  all.  The  other  answers :  Poo! 
Bother — what  is  it  you  mane  have  we  not  been  after  making  a  good  comfortable 
batch  in  Ireland,  on  purpose  to  keep  you  in  Countenance,  to  be  sure  we  have. 
The  twelfth  figure  is  the  deformed  Lord  Kircudbright.  For  Pitt's  peerages 
cf.  No.  6631,  &c.  One  of  a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
I2|x  18J  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  30. 

'  Title  and  imprint  from  A.  de  R.  v.  182-3. 
*  Ibid.  vi.  8-9. 

/ 

399 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9IIO-9II4 

Series  of  'Drolls' 

9110  THE  STRANGERS  AT  HOME.     178 

Published  March  4^^  1797,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving,  Three  well-dressed  men  sit  at  a  small  rectangular  table 
drinking,  singing,  and  smiling.  The  visible  part  of  the  room  is  bare,  but 
framed  pictures  and  a  wall-paper  above  a  dado  indicate  that  it  is  well 
furnished.  Beneath  the  title  two  verses  of  a  drinking-song  are  engraved, 
beginning :  Glorious  Apollo  from  on  high  beheld  us. 

9111  LIGHT    SUMMER   TRAVELLING,    ONLY    SIX    INSIDE, 
CHILDREN  HALF  PRICE. 

[?  I.  Cruikshank  del.] 

Published  i'^  September  1797,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  A  stage-coachman  (1.)  holds  open  the  door  of  his  coach,  show- 
ing that  it  is  overcrowded  with  five  fat  passengers.  He  speaks  to  a  fat 
woman  who  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  holding  a  fan,  a  dog  tucked  under 
her  1.  arm.  A  flagged  pavement  and  cobbled  roadway  show  that  they  are 
in  a  London  street.  Beneath  the  title  is  engraved:  "Just  room  for  one 
Madam," — "Veil  I  zoozo  I  have  run  all  the  way  like  a  Lamp-lighter,  till  I 
am  all  over  in  such  a  Heat  you  carCt  think." 
6iiX9iin. 

91 12  AN  OLD  BUCK  TRYING  ON  PANTALOONS.     203 

RicM  Newton  Delin*^ 

Published  13^^  November  1797,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  A  fat,  elderly  man,  his  face  contorted,  struggles  between  two 
men,  who  try  to  pull  on  pantaloons;  he  puts  an  arm  round  the  neck  of 
each,  nearly  throttling  the  man  on  his  r.  A  boy  stands  (r.),  legs  astride. 
A  grinning  head  looks  through  a  casement  window  (1.).  A  looking-glass 
on  the  wall  (r.)  has  been  knocked  sideways.  Cf.  No.  6723. 
6Jx8|  in. 

9113a  north  BRITAIN'S  CONTRIVANCE  FOR  THE  ACCOMO- 
DATION OF  HIS  WIFE     204 

Drawn  by  Mathias  Finucane. 

Published  25'*  November  1797,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 

London. 
Engraving.  A  stout  woman  tries  to  enter  a  carriage  (1.),  supporting  herself 
against  the  bent  back  of  a  small  man  in  tartan.  The  coachman  looks  on 
with  amusement.  She  wears  a  high-waisted  dress  of  sprigged  material 
and  a  straw  hat  tied  to  her  head  by  a  ribbon  which  gives  it  the  shape  of 
a  bonnet.  Houses  form  a  background.  Beneath  the  title  is  engraved :  Push 
On, — Keep  Moving  (a  catch-word  of  the  day,  cf.  No.  9010). 
6fX9Jin. 

400 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1797 

9114  THE  RETORT  COURTEOUS. 

Finucane  delinK 

[Pub:  Laurie  &  Whittle,  ?  c.  1797] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  grocer  (r.)  stands  at  his  shop  door 
leaning  on  a  cask,  watching  a  countryman  seated  on  the  pavement.  In  his 
window  are  canisters  of  tea  and  a  sugar-loaf.  Beneath  the  title :  A  country- 
man . . .  SHpt'  down  . .  .in  the  presence  of  a  knowing  Old  Grocer  ^  who  thought 
of  being  very  Witty  upon  him, — Cried  out,  "Our  London  Stones  are  too  proud  to 
hear  such  a  Bumkin  as  you  are". —  .  .  .  [reply]  "As  proud  as  they  are  Measter 

Grocer, — I  have  made  them  Kiss  my  A e". 

6f  X9^  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  143. 


9II5-9155 

Eccentric  Excursions.  Continued  from  No.  8976. 

9115  A  PROCTOR  WITHOUT  A  WIG 

Plate  5J'  Page  121 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

London,  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  Row,  Jan,  14,  1797. 

Engraving.   A  fat,  bald-headed  man  draped  in  a  sheet,  his  beard  coated 
with  lather,  sits  full-face,  looking  sideways  with  angry  apprehension  at  a 
lean  barber  (1.)  holding  a  razor.   See  No.  91 17. 
ioiX7iin.  (pi.). 

9116  [TWO  HEADS  BEFORE  AND  AFTER  ORDINATION.]^ 

Plate  52  Page.  121. 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  scul: 

Engraving.^  Two  heads  face  each  other  in  profile,  one  (1.)  of  a  young  man 
in  cap  and  gown,  with  his  hair  curling  on  his  shoulders,  and  a  cheerful 
expression.  The  other  (r.)  of  the  same  man  transformed:  his  hair  is 
strained  back  from  a  receding  forehead  and  smoothly  tucked  under  the 
high  collar  of  his  coat.  He  wears  bands  and  looks  down  sourly  with  pro- 
truding underlip.  One  wears  a  frilled  cravat,  the  other  clerical  bands. 
7|xiOi^6in.  (pL). 

9117  A  PROCTOR  WITH  A  WIG^ 

Plate  53  Page  122 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sc 

Engraving.  A  fat  parson  wearing  hat  and  wig  (I.)  and  a  thin  gardener 
stand  facing  each  other  in  profile.  The  gardener  deferentially  holds  out 
a  plant  in  a  pot,  which  the  parson  inspects  through  a  glass.  The  print  is 
to  show  (by  comparison  with  No.  91 15)  how  greatly  mankind  is  indebted 
to  the  inventor  of  wigs. 
loJxSin.  (pi.). 

'  Plate  52  in  'Directions  to  the  Binders  .  .  .'  and  in  1807  reissue. 

-  Imprint  as  No.  91 15. 

^  Also  a  coloured  impression. 

401  D  d 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9118  A  GENEROUS  CUSTOMER.' 

Page  I2y  Plate.  54. 

Woodward  del.  IC—SP 

Engraving.   A  young  man  wearing  fashionable  riding-dress  sits  lounging 
with  his  back  to  a  table,  holding  a  bill  negligently  in  his  r.  hand  while  he 
drops  coins  into  the  hand  of  an  obsequious  landlord  (r.).   Beside  him  sits 
a  fierce-looking  dog  wearing  a  spiked  collar.   Cf.  No.  91 19. 
lojxylin.  (pi.). 

9119  A  SCRUTINIZING  CUSTOMER. 

Plate  55  Page  127 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank^  s^ 

London   Pub:  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  Row  Jan,  27.  lygy. 

Engraving.  A  stout,  elderly  man  in  riding-dress,  seated  by  a  round  table, 
closely  scrutinizes  a  long  bill,  while  a  fat  landlord  (r.)  watches  him  appre- 
hensively.  Cf.  No.  91 18. 
ioiX7|in.  (pi.). 

9120  LOVE  AND  LEARNING^ 

Plate  56  Page  I2g 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

Engraving.^  A  handsome  and  fashionably  dressed  undergraduate  sits  on 
a  bank  under  a  tree,  his  I.  arm  round  the  shoulders  of  a  pretty  young 
woman  holding  a  basket.  On  the  ground  lies  a  dog,  his  collar  inscribed  IC. 
Woodward  professes  to  have  seen  them  when  travelling  from  Woodstock 
to  Islip. 
8fx6f  in. 

9121  THE  POLITE  PREACHER. 

[PI.  57]  [P.  130] 

[Woodward  del.    I.  Cruikshank  f.]* 

London,  Published  by  Allen  &  West,  15  Paternoster  Row,  OcV  12. 
1796. 

Engraving.  A  preacher  stands  in  a  pulpit,  his  head  turned  in  profile  to 
the  1.,  his  r.  hand  extended.  His  1.  hand,  elegantly  holding  a  handkerchief 
and  displaying  a  ring,  rests  on  his  sermon  and  on  the  long,  tasselled  cushion 
of  the  pulpit.  He  says  Noble  and  Polite  Hearers.  He  is  sleek,  well  fed,  and 
well  dressed.  Cf.  No.  9122. 
iox8|in.  (pL). 

9122  THE  FIELD  PREACHER. 

[PI.  58]  [P.  131] 

[Woodward  del.    I.  Cruikshank  f.]* 

Engraving.  A  ranting,  unkempt  preacher  bends  in  profile  to  the  r.  over 
a  reading-desk  on  which  lies  an  open  book,  to  which  he  points.  He  stands 
on  tiptoe,  shouting  You'll  all  go  to  the  Devil!!    He  wears  old-fashioned 

'  Imprint  as  No.  91 15. 
*  Imprint  as  No.  91 19. 
^  Also  a  coloured  impression. 

■♦  No  signature.  The  (identical)  inscriptions  on  Nos.  9121,  9122  are  in  a  different 
script  fronj  the  rest  of  the  series,  into  which  they  appear  to  have  been  interpolated. 

402 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1797 

dress  with  clerical  bands.    Cf.  No.  9121.    Both  sermons  are  quoted  and 
both  are  on  the  dangers  of  pleasure,  in  contrasted  terms,  but  ^equally 
ridiculous  in  the  eyes  of  true  religion  znd  philosophy^  (pp.  130-2). 
iox8|in.  (pi.). 

9123  THE  END  OF  A  BARN,  TRANSFORMED  INTO  A  HOB- 
GOBLIN!! 

Plate  59  Page  137 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

London  Pub  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  Row  Feb,  11,  lygy. 

Engraving.  A  terrified  yokel  (1.)  holds  a  lantern  whose  light  falls  on  the 
gable-end  of  a  thatched  building  in  which  eyes  (two  windows),  nose,  and 
mouth  (the  branch  of  a  tree)  make  the  whole  resemble  a  face.  On  the  roof 
sits  an  owl.  A  waning  moon  is  in  the  sky.  Above  is  etched :  The  Effect  of 
Imagination! !  Cf.  No.  9124. 
8f  X  7  in. 

9124  A  GOWN  METAMORPHOSE'D  INTO  A  GHOST!!' 

Plate  60  Page  137 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  s 

Engraving.  A  yokel  (1.)  in  profile  to  the  r.,  his  knees  flexed  with  terror, 
holds  up  a  lantern  to  throw  light  on  a  woman's  gown  hanging  from  a  line 
in  front  of  an  arm-chair ;  folds  represent  a  large  face  looking  with  a  sinister 
stare  at  the  terrified  man.  Above  is  etched :  The  Effect  of  Imagination. 
Cf.  No.  9123. 
8|x6fin. 

9125  PORTRAITS  FROM  THE  SPIRITUAL  QUIXOTE. 

Plate  61  Page.  141 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sp 

London  Pub  by  Allen  &  West,  75,  Paternoster  Row  Feb.  18.  lygy 

Engraving.  H.L.  portraits  of  two  men  in  profile  to  the  1.  One  (1.),  Geoffrey 
Wildgoose,  wears  a  fashionable  top  hat  and  clerical  bands ;  behind  him  is 
Jerry  Tugwell,  a  man  with  unkempt  hair  and  round  hat,  smoking  a  short 
pipe,  his  hat  and  neck-cloth  having  a  certain  resemblance  to  the  hat  and 
bands  of  the  other. 

They  are  depicted  as  characteristic  travellers,  inevitably  remembered 
by  those  visiting  the  Bell  at  Gloucester.  Illustration  to  Graves's  popular 
novel. 
loixS  in.  (pi.). 

9126  A  VOLUNTARY  VICTIM  TO  PATRIOTISM  !!2 

Plate  62  Page  145 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  scP 

Engraving.3  A  plainly  dressed  man  sits  in  a  bare  room,  gazing  before  him 
with  a  distraught  stare,  his  elbow  resting  on  a  small  table  on  which  is  a 
lighted  candle.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  paper  inscribed  National  Debt,  and 
Carried  over.  His  1.  arm  rests  on  a  paper  inscribed  \T]axes  Windows  Hats 
Candles  Soap  Teas  and  Carried  over.  The  window  is  bricked  up  (to  save 

'  Imprint  as  No.  9123.  ^  Imprint  as  No.  9125. 

^  Also  a  coloured  impression. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

the  window  tax).  On  the  wall  are  two  bills  headed  respectively  Excise  and 
Stamps.   Under  the  table  sits  a  cat. 

An  eccentric  apothecary  of  Gloucestershire,  to  show  his  antipathy  to 
Pitt  and  the  window  tax  (see  No.  6634,  &c.),  blocked  up  every  window 
in  his  house  but  one  which  lighted  his  shop,  using  rush-lights  elsewhere. 
8fx6|in. 

9127  TEWKSBURY  PORTRAITS^ 

Plate  63  Page  [145] 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  del  [sic] 

Engraving.^  Two  sharp-featured  men  (H.L.)  face  each  other  in  profile  in 
close  juxtaposition.  One  (1.)  holds  up  his  forefinger  admonishingly,  and 
the  other  listens  with  dismayed  but  quizzical  intentness.  Both  are  carica- 
tured. 

Illustration  to  the  local  saying  *He  looks  as  sharp  as  Tewkesbury  mustard', 
loixylin.  (pL). 

9128  A  RECRUITING  PARTY.' 

Plate  64  Page  147 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sculp 

Engraving.  A  recruiting  sergeant  stands  with  his  sword  against  his  r. 
shoulder,  1.  hand  holding  up  a  purse  before  two  yokels  (r.),  at  whom  he 
is  shouting.  They  gape  back,  and  a  dog  stares  up  at  the  soldier.  Behind 
the  sergeant  are  a  drummer-boy,  beating  his  drum,  and  a  rather  taller  boy 
blowing  a  fife.  The  soldiers  are  Grenadiers.  Said  to  be  a  recruiting  party 
met  by  Woodward  in  Cirencester. 
9  X  7  in. 

9129  PROVINCIAL  WIT  |  PROVINCIAL  POLITENESS. 

Plate  65 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sc^ 

London  Pu¥  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  Row  March  4,  lygy. 

Engraving.  Two  designs  on  one  pi.  Above:  a  postilion  (1.)  makes  as  if  to 
spar  with  an  inn-servant  (r.).  Both  grin  broadly,  as  do  two  spectators: 
a  seated  yokel  (1.),  smoking  and  drinking,  and  a  man  bringing  a  tankard. 

Below:  A  stage-coachman  (1.),  hat  in  hand  and  holding  a  frothing 
tankard  to  his  mouth,  bows  with  formal  politeness  to  a  wagoner  in  a  smock 
who  stands  stiffly  on  the  r.  Behind  is  the  door  of  a  house,  and  outside  it 
a  table  on  which  are  a  lantern  and  a  pipe. 

Excess  of  formal  politeness,  aping  the  manners  of  the  gentry,  is  said  to 
prevail  in  Worcestershire. 
loixSin.  (pi.). 

9130  THE  EFFECT   OF  ROUGH   PAVEMENTS  TO  TENDER- 
FOOTED  PASSENGERS. 

Plate  67 

Woodward  Cruikshanks  sculp 

London  Pu¥  by  Allen  &  C"  15,  Paternoster  Row  Feb,  25,  lygy 
Engraving.    An  elderly  man  and  woman,  grimacing,  in  old-fashioned 
dress,  walk  on  tiptoe  across  rough  cobble-stones  in  heavy  rain.  The  man 
*  Imprint  as  No.  9125.  *  Also  a  coloured  impression. 

404 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1797 

(I.)  wears  a  cloak,  his  hat  is  tied  to  his  head  by  a  handkerchief.   His  com- 
panion (r.)  wears  a  calash  hood  (see  No.  5434)  and  holds  up  an  umbrella, 
kilting  her  petticoats  high.  A  dog  barks  at  her.  A  satire  on  the  pavement 
and  inhabitants  of  Leicester. 
8|x6|  in. 

9131  A  CANAL  MEETING' 
Plate  68 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  Sf 

Engraving.^  Six  men  are  seated  at  a  small  rectangular  table,  the  chairman 
(1.)  in  an  arm-chair  on  a  low  platform.  He  points  angrily  at  the  Plan  of 
the  Intended  Canal,  displayed  by  the  man  on  his  1.  His  vis-a-vis,  an 
elderly  parson,  reads  near-sightedly  a  Report  of  the  Engineer  respecting  the 
\in\tended  canal.  A  dog  sits  behind  his  chair.  Two  others  have  expressions 
of  sour  determination.  The  sixth,  in  back  view,  rests  a  gouty  foot  on  a 
cushion. 

Leicester  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  places  much  afflicted  by  Junction 
Mania  or  Canal  Madness.  Cf.  Nos.  8523,  9135. 
6|X9in. 

9132  AN  ITINERANT  THEATRICAL  SKETCH3 
Plate  6g 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  s^ 

Engraving.  An  actor  rants  on  a  small  ramshackle  stage,  the  audience 
crowded  below  the  footlights  (1.)  and  in  a  doorway  to  the  1.  of  the  stage, 
over  which  is  a  placard:  Romeo  &  Juliet  \  Romeo  by  the  Manager  \  and 
Juliet  {for  that  Night  only)  \  by  his  Lady  \  with  the  Farce  \  of  the  Discovery 
on  I  Monday  a  New  way  to  Pay  Old  Debts.  On  a  piece  of  drapery  are  the 
words :  Judge  not  by  outside  appear[ances] .  The  genuinely  distraught  Romeo, 
brandishing  a  club,  has  drawn  aside  a  curtain  to  disclose  a  plain  and 
elderly  Juliet  (r.)  sitting  on  the  knee  of  an  elderly  man,  her  arm  round  his 
neck.  Above  their  heads  is  a  placard :  This  is  the  monument  of  the  Capulets. 
Romeo,  instead  of  discovering  Juliet  in  her  tomb,  finds  his  wife  amusing 
herself  with  'one  of  the  meanest  of  his  servants'.  The  incident  is  said  to 
have  occurred  in  a  performance  by  strolling  players  in  a  barn  near  Market 
Harborough. 
6fX9fin. 

9133  SYMPTOMS  OF  JOLTING^ 

Plate  70 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

Engraving.  A  design  in  four  compartments,  all  representing  the  interior 
of  a  stage-coach  containing  two  passengers,  facing  each  other,  who  are 
being  flung  from  the  seats  in  different  ways.  They  represent  (i)  'A  per- 
pendicular jolt',  (2)  'An  horizontal  jolt',  (3)  'A  jolt  dexter',  (4)  'A  jolt 
sinister'.  A  satire  on  the  road  to  Mount  Sorrel,  which,  according  to  a  note 
to  the  edition  of  1807,  'within  a  few  years  has  been  much  improved'. 
Cf.  Nos.  8970,  9134. 
6fX9iin. 

*  Imprint  as  No.  9129.  ^  ^jgQ  3  coloured  impression. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  9130. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9134  JOLTING  PREVENTIVES.' 

Plate  yi 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sculp 

Engraving.  Four  stage-coach  interiors  as  above.  The  occupants,  by  hold- 
ing the  straps  by  the  windows  or  above  the  seats,  and  planting  their  feet 
in  different  positions,  are  taking  the  best  means  to  protect  themselves 
against  the  four  types  of  jolt  depicted  in  No.  9133. 
6|x9|in. 

9135  EQUESTRIAN  SKETCHES  FROM  AN  INN  AT  LOUGH- 
BOROUGH' 

Plate  72 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sculp 

Engraving.^  Three  horsemen  ride  close  together  (1.  to  r.)  past  a  posting- 
inn,  whose  sign.  The  Bull's  Head,  hangs  just  over  the  foremost  rider,  who 
wears  a  broad-brimmed  hat  and  a  spencer  (see  No.  8192)  and  lashes  and 
spurs  his  horse,  with  a  fixed  scowl.  On  his  1.  rides  a  stiff-looking  man. 
Behind  them  rides  a  fat  parson.  Above  the  open  gateway  of  the  inn  is 
inscribed  Licensed  to  deal  in  Post  Horses.  A  young  man  seated  in  an  open 
casement  window  (1.)  watches  the  riders. 

These  three,  mounted  on  wretched  post-horses,  hurry  from  Lough- 
borough to  Leicester  because  afflicted  with  canal  mania,  see  No.  913 1. 
6iX9iin. 

9136  ANCIENT  AND  MODERN  ARMOUR  CONTRASTED' 
Plate  73 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  s^ 

Engraving.^  A  man  in  armour  (1.),  his  face  covered  by  a  closed  visor,  hold- 
ing a  shield  and  a  tilting  spear,  faces  an  officer  in  Light  Horse  uniform, 
who  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.  with  folded  arms,  looking  at  the  armour-clad 
man.  Between  and  slightly  behind  them  stands  a  military  officer  wearing 
a  large  cocked  hat  and  gorget,  long  tight  pantaloons,  with  low  shoes.  He 
inspects  the  armoured  man  through  a  quizzing-glass.  The  subject  was 
suggested  by  a  visit  to  Market  Bosworth,  near  Bosworth  Field,  where 
weapons  and  accoutrements  are  frequently  dug  up. 
8|X7  in. 

9137  CLIMBING  THE  HILL  AT  LINCOLN^ 

Plate  74 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sf 

Engraving  A  stout  citizen  plods  painfully  uphill,  using  a  stick;  he  is 
followed  by  his  fat  wife,  still  more  distressed,  who  holds  up  a  fan.  They 
are  on  the  steep  ascent  from  the  upper  to  the  lower  town  of  Lincoln,  before 
dinner. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  9129.  ^  Also  a  coloured  impression. 

3  Imprint  as  No.  9130. 

406 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL   SATIRES   1797 

9138  CLERICAL  ANTICIPATION 

Plate  75 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  s^ 

London  Pu¥  by  Allen  &  C°  J5,  Paternoster  Row  March  11,  lygy 

Engraving.   A  fat  parson  leans  on  the  low  paling  of  a  pig-sty,  watching 
with  satisfaction  a  sow  and  four  sucking-pigs.   His  face  is  drink-blotched. 
One  of  many  satires  on  the  parson  and  tithe-pigs,  cf.  No.  9681,  &c. 
8|  X  7  in. 

9139  THE  DEVIL  LOOKING  OVER  LINCOLN 

Plate  76 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  s^ 

London  Pu¥  by  Allen  &  West,  15,  Paternoster  Row  Mark  [sic]  ii 
1797 

Engraving.   A  fierce-looking,  unkempt  man  (H.L.),  his  arms  folded  and 
leaning  on  an  invisible  support,  looks  to  the  r.   The  text  explains  that  a 
malicious,  envious  aspect  is  compared  to  the  (carved)  'Devil  looking  over 
Lincoln'. 
ioiX7|in.  (pi.). 

9140  A  CURSORY  PEEP  AT  GREAT  TOM  OF  LINCOLN' 

Plate  77 

Woodward  del  .  Cruikshanks  sculp 

Engraving.   A  verger,  staff  in  hand,  points  out  a  huge  bell  (1.)  to  three 
gaping  country  folk,  one  of  whom  (r.)  holds  up  a  little  girl.   The  bell  is 
said  to  be  the  principal  object  of  curiosity  to  visitors. 
9X6|in. 

9141  A  CONVIVIAL  MEETING  AT  NOTTINGHAM' 

Plate  78 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  The  interior  of  a  tavern.  Respectably 
dressed  men  are  seated  at  tables,  smoking  and  drinking;  one  holds  out  a 
newspaper.  A  dog  on  its  hind  legs  has  a  pipe  in  his  mouth.  On  the 
extreme  1.  is  a  corner  of  the  bar,  with  a  young  woman  within  it;  a  waiter 
carries  tankards  to  customers.  At  the  top  of  the  oval  is  a  trophy  of  tankards 
and  tobacco-pipes.  A  typical  scene  at  the  Punch-bowl  or  Peacock,  taverns 
noted  for  using  silver  tankards.  The  customers  are  presumably  well-to-do 
Nottingham  hosiers. 
7X8|in. 

9142  CLERICAL  POLITENESS.' 
Plate  79 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sP 

Engraving.  An  elegant  parson  (cf.  No.  9121)  bows  ingratiatingly  from  the 
reading-desk  (1.)  to  a  fat  elderly  cleric  (r.)  ascending  the  pulpit  stairs,  who 
returns  his  salutation.  The  latter  is  grotesque  and  drink-blotched. 
8|x6|in. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  9138. 
407 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9143  A  POLITE  CONGREGATION. 

Plate  80 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

London   Published  by  Allen  &  C",  13,  Paternoster  Row  March  18, 
1797 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  gothic  church,  showing  part  of  a  lateral 
gallery,  the  tower  arch,  and  west  door  (r.).  The  foreground  and  the  gallery 
are  filled  with  couples,  in  general  elderly,  ugly,  and  fashionably  dressed, 
in  conversation  or  bowing  to  each  other.  A  unicorn  on  a  monument  hold- 
ing an  escutcheon  is  conspicuous.  On  the  r.  the  congregation  is  crowding 
towards  the  open  door.  Intended  to  satirize  'the  incessant  bows  and 
curtsies  .  .  .  and  the  jig  which  in  many  places  is  struck  up  by  the  organist 
while  the  congregation  disperses'. 
6fX9fgin. 

9144  A  NOTTINGHAM  CARD  PARTY^ 

Plate  81 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

Engraving.  Four  elderly  and  bedizened  women  and  four  parsons  sit  at  a 
long  table  playing  cards.  A  fifth  and  younger  parson  stands  behind,  watch- 
ing with  amusement.  An  uncouth  footman  in  livery  (r.)  brings  in  a  tray 
of  jelly-glasses,  &c.  Curtains  are  drawn  and  candles  lit.  A  round  game 
between  old  maids,  numerous  in  Nottingham,  and  parsons. 
6fX9iin. 

9145  A  PROMENADE  TO  A  ROUT  ON  A  FAIR  EVENING 

Plate  82. 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  s^ 

London  Published  by  Allen  &  C"  Paternoster  Row  March  25  1797. 

Engraving.  Three  couples,  thin,  elderly,  mincing,  and  grotesque,  follow 
one  another,  arm-in-arm.  A  fourth  lady,  who  is  fat,  walks  alone.  They 
are  passing  the  side  of  an  inn  whose  sign  projects  above  the  head  of  the 
foremost  couple:  a  H.L.  portrait  of  Queen  Elizabeth  inscribed  The  Old 
Maiden  head  Inn.  See  Nos.  9146,  9147. 
6iX9i^gin. 

9146  RETURNING  FROM  A  ROUT  ON  A  RAINY  NIGHT^ 

Plate  83 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sP 

Engraving.  Three  elderly  women,  frowning,  and  two  men,  walk  away 
from  a  street  door  (r.)  in  which  stands  a  woman  holding  up  a  candle.  Above 
the  door  is  The  Original  Shop ;  beside  it  is  a  shuttered  bow- window.  The 
women  wear  pattens  and  have  kilted  up  their  petticoats.  A  dwarfish  foot- 
boy  in  livery,  with  a  lantern,  holds  an  umbrella  over  the  head  of  his  short 
and  fat  mistress.  Other  departing  guests  have  umbrellas  and  lanterns. 
A  scene  in  Nottingham,  where  routs  are  common,  the  shops  being  shut  early 
at  stated  periods  'to  receive  company'.  See  Nos.  9145,  9147. 
6JX9iin. 

*  Imprint  as  No.  9143.  *  Imprint  as  No.  9145. 

408 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1797 

9147  PRIDE  AND  EXALTATION  IN  A  SEDAN  CHAIR 

Plate  84 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

London  Published  by  Allen  &  C°  15,  Paternoster  Row  April  i,  lygy. 

Engraving.  A  street  scene  in  Nottingham  on  a  wet  night.  Two  chair- 
men, wearing  laced  hats,  carry  (r.  to  1.)  along  The  High  Pavement  an  elderly- 
woman  in  a  sedan  chair.  In  front  walks  a  fat,  absurd  footman,  holding 
a  flambeau.  Pedestrians  with  umbrellas  look  sourly  at  the  chair.  Those 
who  can  'procure  one  of  the  very  few  sedans  kept  in  the  Town,  assume 
a  consequence  and  exaltation  over  their  pedestrian  neighbours'  (p.  181). 
See  Nos.  9145,  9146. 
6|X9iin. 

9148  A  MONKISH  VISION.' 

Plate  85 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  s.p 

Engraving.  A  fat  monk,  his  face  disfigured  with  drink,  lies  back  in  an  arm- 
chair (r.),  one  bare  sandalled  foot  resting  on  a  cushioned  stool  (1.),  His 
hands  are  folded  and  he  has  a  beatific  expression.  Behind,  among  clouds, 
two  pretty  women  approach,  one  bringing  a  large  joint  of  meat,  the  other 
(r.)  pointing  to  grapes,  a  glass,  and  a  large  flagon.  Two  tall  candles  are 
alight. 
8fx6|in. 

9149  CHARACTERS  IN  A  VILLAGE  ALEHOUSE^ 

Plate  87 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sP 

Engraving.  A  stout  yokel  in  a  smock  sits  gaping  beside  a  table  at  a  man 
who  stands  (r.)  in  profile  to  the  1.  with  a  pack  on  his  back.  The  latter, 
a  pedlar,  holds  a  tankard  and  a  newspaper,  which  he  is  expounding  to  the 
illiterate  countryman.  Sketched  at  the  Blue  Bell  near  Risley,  Derbyshire. 
8|X7  in. 

9150  A  SKETCH  AT  BURROWS-ASH,  DERBYSHIRE.^ 

Plate  88 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

Engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  A  stage-coach  stands  outside  the  door  of 
a  small  rustic  inn  (1.),  the  sign  of  Noah's  Ark  over  the  door.  The  coach- 
man drinks,  talking  to  the  fat  hostess  (1.).  Four  outside  passengers  sit  on 
the  roof;  one,  a  sailor,  drains  a  tankard.  A  lady  is  on  the  box.  A  couple 
walk  off  to  the  r.  A  man  sits  outside  the  inn,  smoking.  An  ostler  carries 
a  bucket  to  the  horses.  The  usual  place  of  refreshment  for  the  coach  from 
Nottingham  to  Derby. 

9151  A  FORMAL  INTRODUCTION  TO  AN  ASSEMBLY^ 

Plate  8g 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  sculp 

Engraving.  A  young  woman  (1.),  with  crossed  wrists  and  down-cast  eyes, 

bends  her  knees  to  an  elderly  man  wearing  a  sword,  who  bows,  chapeau 

'  Imprint  as  No.  9145.  ^  Imprint  as  No.  9147. 

409 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

hras.    Two  women  effect  the  introduction.    All  three  wear  flowers  and 
feathers  and  have  a  bedizened  appearance.    A  scene  in  the  Assembly 
Rooms,  Derby,  where  'the  most  approved  etiquette  of  country  assemblies 
receives  .  .  .  every  due  attention'  (p.  192).  See  Nos.  9152,  9153. 
8|X7|in. 

9152  A  PLAIN  MINUET.^ 

Plate  go 

[Woodward  del]  Cruikshanks  sc^ 

Engraving.  A  stout  woman  (1.)  and  a  youngish  man  stand  side  by  side. 
She  holds  out  her  petticoats,  looking  up  at  him ;  he  looks  down  at  her,  his 
arms  by  his  sides,  holding  his  hat.  Both  are  dressed  in  the  height  of  the 
fashions  of  a  year  or  more  back.  A  scene  typical  of  the  Derby  Assembly 
Rooms,  cf.  Nos.  915 1,  9153. 
8MX7iin. 

9153  AN  ALLEMAND. 

Plate  gi 

Woodward  del  Cruikshanks  sculp 

London  Published  by  Allen  &  C",  15  Paternoster  Row  April  8,  lygy. 

Engraving.  A  couple  dance  together,  each  grinning  into  the  other's  face. 
The  man's  1.  arm  is  round  his  partner's  waist ;  his  r.  hand  and  her  1.  hand 
meet  above  their  heads.  Each  is  poised  on  the  1.  toe,  the  r.  leg  being  raised. 
A  typical  scene  at  the  Derby  Assembly  Rooms.  See  Nos.  915 1,  9152,  and 
cf.  No.  5082. 
8|x6|in. 

9154  CLERICAL  PROSPERITY— OR  RIDING  WITH  THE  WIND! 

Plate  gg 

Engraving.  A  fat  parson  rides  (1.  to  r.)  on  a  handsome  and  spirited  horse, 
followed  by  a  groom  on  a  similar  horse.    A  dog  runs  beside  him.    The 
wind  blows  the  horses'  manes  and  tails  from  1.  to  r.  In  the  background  (r.) 
is  a  large  gothic  church.  On  the  same  pi.  as  No.  9155. 
4|x6|  in. 

9155  CLERICAL    ADVERSITY— OR    RIDING    AGAINST    THE 
WIND! 

Plate  100 

Woodward  del  I.  Cruikshank  sculp 

London,  Published  by  Allen  &  C°,  April,  25,  J797 

Engraving.  A  lean  parson  rides  (r.  to  1.)  a  wretched  horse  along  a  flooded 
road  in  the  teeth  of  the  wind.    In  the  distance  (1.)  a  small  bare  church 
stands  on  a  hill.   On  the  same  pi.  as  No.  9154.  For  this  contrast  between 
the  rich  and  poor  clergy  cf.  Nos.  6153,  6154,  3753,  3754  (c.  1782). 
4^x6|in. 

^  Imprint  as  No.  9147. 


410 


1798 

POLITICAL  SATIRES 

9156  THE  APOTHEOSIS  OF  HOCHE 
J'  Gyfed  [J.  H.  Frere  inv.] 

Pu¥  jj'*  [?  Jan.]  lygS,  by  H.  Humphrey,  27,  S*  James's  Street, 
London. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  complicated  and  symmetrical  design. 
Hoche,  seated  on  a  rainbow  which  spans  a  landscape  undergoing  military 
devastation,  plays  a  guillotine  as  if  it  were  a  lyre.  He  is  a  handsome  young 
man  wearing  only  a  cloak  and  sash  in  which  is  a  pair  of  pistols.  He  has  just 
kicked  off  his  two  heavy  spurred  jack-boots  which  fall  towards  the  ground 
and  is  unconscious  of  a  falling  noose  which  is  about  to  encircle  his  neck. 
His  head  is  surrounded  by  a  circular  glory  of  rays  which  is  framed  by  the 
winged  and  decollated  heads  of  Jacobin  cherubs  shouting  hymns  of  praise ; 
three  open  books  are  the  Marsellois  Hymn  flanked  by  Ca  Ira.  These 
cherubs,  who  completely  encircle  Hoche,  wear  bonnets-rouges;  blood 
gushes  from  their  necks. 

Above  Hoche  are  three  platforms  of  cloud.  The  largest,  above  his  head, 
supports  the  Jacobin  table  of  the  law  (resembling  French  prints  of  the 
'Declaration  des  Droits  de  I'Homme  et  du  Citoyen'),  which  dominates  the 
design.  It  is  in  two  tables,  and  on  it  are  inscribed  a  reversal  of  the  Com- 
mandments: Thou  shall  Murder  [&c.].  This  is  framed  by  two  fasces  from 
which  axes  project.  Above  it  is  a  triangle,  enclosing  the  word  equality,  with 
a  plumb-line  to  show  that  it  is  a  level  (cf.  No.  8639).  This  is  framed  in 
a  glory  whose  rays  are  represented  by  daggers  and  bayonets.  Three  con- 
centric circles  of  winged  heads  surround  the  glory ;  the  heads  are  of  apes, 
asses,  and  goats.  A  monster  with  webbed  wings,  hooves,  and  a  tail  kneels 
on  each  side  of  the  table  of  the  law.  That  on  the  1.  has  a  heavy  body  with 
four  heads:  goat,  ape,  ass,  and  goose.  The  other  has  a  scaly  body  with 
more  vicious  heads:  a  mastiff,  serpent,  crocodile,  and  a  cock  with  flames 
darting  from  mouth  and  eyes. 

Armies  of  Jacobins,  naked  except  for  bonnets-rouges  and  (in  the  fore- 
ground) huge  sabots,  frame  this  central  design,  the  nearer  figures  resting 
on  the  two  platforms  of  cloud  just  above  the  head  of  Hoche.  Those  on 
the  1.  are  led  by  victims  of  the  Revolution,  who  carry  placards  showing 
their  identity.  First  come  Roland  the  Martyr  and  Condorcet,  holding 
progres  de  V esprit  and  a  bottle  labelled  Poison.  A  man  holds  Recit  de  mes 
Perils,  his  neighbour  strangles  himself.  Marat  the  Martyr  holds  a  dagger ; 
two  quasi-skeletons  are  Petion  starv'd  [to]  Death  and  Barbaroux  starved  to 
Death.  A  man  in  flames  holds  a  faggot.  All  hold  weapons,  and  massed 
undifferentiated  heads  recede  in  perspective.  All  of  the  corresponding 
crowd  on  the  r.  are  headless,  blood  gushing  from  their  necks.  They  kneel 
in  obeisance  to  Hoche,  wearing  sabots ;  all  hold  palm-branches  and  bonnets- 
rouges. 

On  the  ground  beneath  the  rainbow  the  republican  army  is  charging 
unarmed  fugitives.  In  the  foreground  lie  a  heap  of  headless  corpses  and 
a  pile  of  heads.  Soldiers  fire  at  a  prisoner.  From  the  branch  of  a  tree  (r.) 
hang  two  corpses ;  a  sign  points  to  la  Vendee.   Churches  and  houses  are 

411 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

blazing.  A  river  divides  the  landscape,  fugitives  are  driven  into  it,  and 
bodies  float  down  the  stream.  On  the  farther  (1.)  side  are  tiny  fugitives ; 
the  cottages  are  still  intact.  Above  the  blazing  scene  a  corpse-like  Fury 
strides  through  the  air,  a  sword  of  flame  in  one  hand,  a  bottle  of  vitriol 
or  poison  in  the  other.  Liquid  gushes  also  from  her  hideous  pendent 
breasts,  serpents  form  her  hair,  and  fire  issues  from  her  slavering  mouth. 
She  is  followed  by  a  swarm  of  little  monsters  who,  like  her,  have  small 
webbed  wings.  These  hold  firebrands,  chains,  halters,  daggers,  &c.  As 
a  pendant  to  these  creatures,  a  swarm  of  naked  and  winged  Jacobins  fly 
towards  the  ground  on  the  1.  of  the  river,  scattering  Assignats. 

This  subject  was  suggested  to  Gillray  by  Frere,  who  mentions  it  in  a 
letter  (n.d.)  to  Sneyd  of  c.  Dec.  1797.^  Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends, 
i.  143.  The  sudden  death  of  Hoche  on  the  Rhine,  18  Sept.  1797,  was 
followed  by  magnificent  funeral  celebrations  in  the  Champ  de  Mars ;  choirs 
in  classical  costume  sang  before  his  effigy  a  hymn  written  for  the  occasion 
by  Chenier  and  set  to  music  by  Cherubini,  Hoche  (see  Sorel,  Bonaparte 
et  Hoche  en  lygy,  pp.  243  ff.)  defeated  the  expedition  to  Quiberon  (see 
No.  8669,  &c.);  the  massacre  of  prisoners  which  followed  was  due  to 
Tallien :  Hoche  carried  out  the  pacification  of  La  Vendee.  But  he  was  the 
embodiment  of  republican  animosity  towards  England  and  the  author  of 
the  project  of  invasion  under  Tate  (see  No.  8992)  and  of  the  invasion  of 
Ireland  in  1796.  See  Memoirs  of  Wolfe  Tone,  1 827,  ii.  14  fF.,  and  No.  8979,  &c. 
A  leaflet  ( ?  by  Frere)  was  published  by  Humphrey  to  accompany  the  print : 
The  Apotheosis  of  the  French  General  Hoche.  It  purports  to  be  translated 
from,  and  probably  parodies,  'the  original  printed  in  the  Redaction'.  It 
begins:  'The  Soul  of  the  Hero  arose  from  the  dust,  and  riding  upon  the 
Tri-Coloured  Bow  of  Heaven,  tuned  his  soft  Lyre,  whilst  myriads  of 
Celestials  advanced  to  meet  him,  and  .  .  .  chaunted  in  Chorus, 

He  rises!  the  Hero  of  the  new  Republic  rises.' 
(Not  in  B.M.  A  copy  is  with  the  Gillray  Collection  in  the  House  of  Lords 
Library.) 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  250  (reproduction).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  219. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.   Reproduced,  Dayot,  Rev.fr.,  p.  289. 
19IX15  in. 

9157  VOLUNTARY  SUBSCRIPTIONS. 

IC   [Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  by  SW  Fores,  50  Piccadilly  Jan^  16.  lygS  Folios  of 

Caricatures  Lent — 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Pitt  and  Dundas  await 
the  payment  of  subscriptions.  Dundas  (1.),  standing  in  profile  to  the 
1.,  supports  a  huge  book  on  a  writing-table,  watching  through  an  open 
sash-window  the  advance  of  a  crowd  carrying  money-bags.  He  shouts: 
ah — /  ken  the  money  bags — it  will  do — it  will  do — they  are  comming  they  are 
camming  [cf.  No.  9158].  On  the  1.  page  of  his  book: 

Subscription  Book   For  the  preservation  of  our  Places,  our  pensions  our 
Candle  ends — our  Cheese  paring  our  Bishoprics — our  Rectories — our  Grand- 
mothers Our  Wives  our  Sisters  &c  &c  &c  &c  &c  &c  &c  &c 
By  Penny  Post\ 
from    the    west) — 200-000 
etui  of  the  Town] 

»  It  refers  to  'The  Soldier's  Friend',  printed  in  the  Anti-Jacohin,  11  Dec.  1797. 

412 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

On  the  other  page  (almost  concealed  by  Dundas)  is  L^  Fitz  .  .  10,000 
Per  ann.  Dundas  wears  a  Scots  bonnet  in  which  is  a  thistle,  a  tartan  plaid 
and  stockings,  with  a  coat  and  breeches.  Some  of  the  bags  carried  by  the 
crowd  are  inscribed  10,000,  500,  30.  Behind  them  tall  houses  are  indi- 
cated and  an  equestrian  statue. 

On  the  r.  is  an  open  door,  through  which  Tierney  enters  with  a  satisfied 
smile,  his  r.  hand  thrust  under  his  waistcoat.  He  holds  a  paper:  Borough 
Remonstrance,  and  says.  Will  he  bleed?  if  he  dont  I'll  prick  him  again.  Pitt 
leans  forward  in  profile  to  the  r.  to  speak  to  the  King,  who  is  in  the  room 
but  almost  concealed  behind  the  open  door,  only  nose,  mouth,  and  hands 
appearing.  The  latter  says:  cant  afford  it,  I  tell  you — cant  afford  it,  allways 
some  new  f angled  nonsense  or  another — /  wish  you  would  let  us  be  at  Peace 
and  Quietness.  Pitt  answers,  his  finger  against  his  nose.  Mum! — a  good 
draw! — soon  come  back — look  well  in  the  list.  The  door  is  covered  with 
sketches  of  British  miscarriages  in  the  war :  Quiberon,  foot  soldiers  encounter 
cavalry  and  artillery  (see  No.  8669,  &c.).  Toulon,  damaged  men-of-war  in 
a  bay  (see  No.  8434,  &c.).  Dunkirk  Races,  cavalry  in  flight  (see  No.  8341). 
Plan  of  Starving  the  French,  incoherent  scrawls.  (On  the  eve  of  war  the 
British  Government  placed  an  embargo  on  corn  intended  for  France. 
See  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  191 1,  pp.  103-4,  107.)  Above  the  door 
is  partly  visible  a  bust  portrait  of  George  III,  inscribed  K^  of  Corsi[ca]. 
(See  No.  8516.) 

A  satire  on  the  miscarriages  of  the  war  (cf.  No.  9231)  as  well  as  on  the 
voluntary  contribution  proposed  by  the  Speaker  as  an  addition  to  the 
tripling  of  the  Assessed  Taxes  (see  No.  9043,  &c.).  The  King  (nominally) 
gave  ;(^20,ooo,  a  third  of  his  privy  purse;  Pitt,  Dundas,  and  others  ^(^2,000 
a  year  in  lieu  of  their  assessments,  the  payment  being  obligatory  during 
the  continuance  of  the  Act  or  until  the  end  of  the  war.  Pellew,  Life  of 
Sidmouth,  1847,  i.  197-8.  The  'firm  determination  of  the  King  not  to 
subscribe  one  farthing'  {Morning  Post,  17  Jan.)  was  one  of  the  'lies' 
pilloried  in  the  Anti-Jacobin  (significantly,  not  till  12  Feb.).  Actually  the 
King  wrote  to  Pitt  (23  Jan.):  'whatever  I  could  nominally  subscribe  can 
be  but  little  and  must  be  again  repaid  me.'  On  25  Jan.,  after  consultation 
with  Drummond's,  he  announced  that  the  subscription  would  be  paid  in 
four  quarterly  instalments  from  i  Apr.  Stanhope,  Life  of  Pitt,  1867, 
iii.  Appendix,  pp.  xi-xii.  This  letter  gave  Pitt  'good  hopes  of  success' :  the 
contribution  had  'begun  but  languidly'.  Letter  to  Wellesley,  26  Jan. 
Rosebery,  Pitt,  p.  207.  Tierney,  M.P.  for  Southwark,  from  3  Nov.  had 
made  a  series  of  resolutions  and  attacks  against  Dundas,  the  Assessed 
Taxes,  placemen,  and  Government  policy  in  general,  cf.  No.  9052,  &c., 
and  had  said  that  he  had  'a  general  retainer  to  oppose  all  the  measures  of 
Administration'.  A  meeting  of  protest  against  the  tripling  of  the  Assessed 
Taxes  was  held  in  Southwark  on  11  Dec.  Lond.  Chron.,  12  Dec.  1797; 
Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  963  fF.,  1030  ff.,  &c.  See  Nos.  9158,  9287,  and  cf. 
No.  9349  (imprint).  For  'candle-ends  .  .  .'  see  No.  9038. 
9|Xi3/6in. 

9158  THEY  ARE  A  COMING  OR  DELIVER  YOUR  MONEY 

Rich^  Newton  des  at  fecit  lygy 

London  Pub  by  R^  Newton  at  his  Warehouse  N 13  Bridges  St  Covent 

Garden  Jan  16  lygS 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).    The  Queen  leans  back  in  her  arm- 
chair, with  closed  eyes,  overwhelmed  at  the  entrance  of  Pitt  (r.) ;  Dundas 

413 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

holds  a  smelling-bottle  to  her  nose.  Pitt,  much  burlesqued  as  a  post-boy  in 
spurred  boots  and  holding  a  whip,  but  wearing  a  bag-wig  and  ruffled  shirt, 
rushes  forward  in  profile  to  the  I.,  shouting  with  a  terrified  expression: 
They  are  a  coming  they  are  a  coming  [cf.  No.  8 141]  deliver  your  Money  your 
Jewels,  cash,  Plate,  for  they  are  a  coming!  a  coming!  give  up  the  Rino  to  save 
your  bacon.  Under  his  1.  arm  is  a  package :  Dispatch's  for  W — A^  [sic] — P. 
The  Queen,  from  whose  eye  falls  a  stream  of  tears,  says,  O  dear  must  all 
our  savings  go  to  stop  their  mouths  Billy!  I  can  never  part  zvith  my  Jewels 
twill  break  my  poor  heart  indeed  it  will  Billy!  O  give  me  comfort  or  I  shall 
faint.  Dundas,  wearing  tartan,  is  in  profile  to  the  r.,  but  looks  slyly  to  the 
1.  with  a  covert  smile.  He  says :  Deliver  your  Money  for  I  see  they  are  a 
coming  what  fiery  caps  they  wear!  &  then  what  long  swords  they  have  got! 
make  haste  &  stop  their  mouths.  Billy  my  boy.  On  the  1.,  behind  the  Queen's 
chair,  is  a  group  of  large  sacks  inscribed  R — Y — L  SAVINGS,  each 
inscribed  2,000,000  or  200,000,  &c.  These  conceal  the  King,  except  for 
his  arms  held  high,  with  a  bag  inscribed  100  000  in  each  hand.  A  label 
floats  from  him :  Here  Billy!  Here.  Billy  take  this  &  stop  their  mouths  with! 
dont  cry  charity,  better  give  up  some  than  Lose  all  us  to  save  our  bacon. 

A  satire  on  the  Voluntary  Subscription,  see  No.  9157.    Pitt  appears 
genuinely  alarmed,  Dundas  merely  self-interested,  cf.  No.  9052.   For  the 
Queen's  jewels  see  No.  6978,  &c. ;  for  the  supposed  hoards  of  the  King 
and  Queen,  No.  7836,  &c. 
9fXi3|in. 

9159  AN  ATLAS!  OR  THE  STRONG  MAN!!!' 
Invented  drawn  &  Etched  by  Rich^  Newton  lygy 

London  Pub  by  R^  Newton  Bridges  St  Covent  Garden  Jan  18  lygS 

Engraving.  lohn  Bull  kneels  on  one  knee  directed  to  the  1.,  supporting  a 
huge  globe  on  his  shoulders.  He  says,  with  a  despairing  scowl :  Asses  was 
made  to  bear  and  so  am  I.  He  has  strong,  shapely  limbs  and  wears  only  a 
ragged  tunic  with  short  wrinkled  and  tattered  stockings.  His  wrists  are 
shackled.  Across  the  equator  of  the  globe  is  inscribed  in  large  letters 
A  World  of  Taxes.  The  rest  of  the  globe  is  covered  with  repetitions  of 
Triple  Assessed  Taxes!  and  Taxes.  Beneath  the  title:  Dedicated  to  that 
Prince  of  Satyr ists  Peter  Pindar  Es(f  by  his  humble  Servant  Richard  Newton. 

See  No.  9043,  &c.   For  John  Bull  supporting  a  globe  cf.  No.  8239. 
i3fX9f  in.  (pi.). 

9160  THE  RAFT  IN  DANGER  OR  THE  REPUBLICAN  CREW 
DISAPPOINTED. 

/  C   [Cruikshank.] 

Published  by  SW  Fores  N,  50,  Piccadilly  Jany  28  iyg8   Folios  of 
Caricatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Leaders  of  the  Opposi- 
tion (1.)  turn  a  windlass  which  drags  towards  the  shore  a  fantastic  and 
enormous  raft  laden  with  French  troops.  They  push  against  horizontal 
levers  which  pass  through  the  broad  centre-post  on  which  the  rope  is 

'  The  back  of  the  print  is  covered  by  a  sketch  in  pen,  apparently  by  Newton: 
A  Genteel  Appartment  to  Let.  A  woman  wearing  a  nightcap  and  holding  a  candle 
in  each  hand  shows  a  horrified  man  a  rat-ridden  attic,  with  water  pouring  through 
the  roof. 

414 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

wound ;  on  the  top  of  this  Lauderdale,  in  Highland  dress  and  on  a  smaller 
scale  than  the  others,  plays  the  bagpipes,  from  which  issue  the  words: 

0%wr  the  Water  &  over  the  Sea 

And  over  the  Raft  to  Charlie. 

He  capers  to  his  tune ;  a  tricolour  flag  flies  from  his  instrument.  The  most 
prominent  figure  is  Fox,  advancing  full-face,  and  looking  to  the  raft  with 
a  satisfied  smile ;  he  says,  Pull  away  Citizens.  Behind  him,  the  rope  between 
them,  is  Bedford  in  riding-dress;  under  his  arm  is  a  book:  Bedford  on 
Agriculter  (cf.  No.  8648).  Opposite  Fox  is  Tierney,  saying.  We  must  take 
care  to  keep  clear  of  the  Rope.  From  his  pocket  hangs  a  paper:  Borough 
Influence  (he  was  M.P.  for  Southwark,  'the  Borough',  cf.  No.  9045). 
Sheridan,  pushing  hard  in  profile  to  the  1.,  says:  Ah!  The  Rope  We  must 
avoid  it  if  possible.  Norfolk,  on  the  extreme  1.,  puts  a  hand  on  Tierney 's 
lever;  he  says:  Hark  Ther's  a  Storm  coming.  I  hear  Thunder.  They  walk 
on  a  circular  track  by  the  edge  of  a  cliflF.  On  the  ground  is  a  large  open 
book:  President  of  the  Directory  CIF.  [Fox]  Deputy  a  Bedfordshire  Bull 
[cf.  No.  8684].  On  it  lies  a  Norfolk  Cheese.  Behind  (1.)  is  a  gallows  inscribed 
Tierney  (almost  obliterated)  from  which  hangs  a  corpse.  In  the  background 
is  a  hill  on  the  summit  of  which  is  an  encampment  with  massed  troops 
flying  the  British  flag. 

The  raft  nears  the  shore  but  is  about  to  be  overwhelmed  by  vast  waves 
blown  up  by  blasts  from  the  mouths  of  Dundas,  the  King,  and  Pitt,  whose 
heads  emerge  from  dark  clouds.  Dundas,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  aims  his  blast 
at  the  windlass ;  in  it  (r.  to  1.)  are  the  names :  Jack  Ketch ;  Addington,  Bond, 
Staples  [Bow  Street  justices] ;  Macnamara  Fugion,  Macmanus,  Townsend, 
Jelous  [Bow  Street  officers  or  'runners'].  The  King  and  Pitt  aim  directly 
at  the  raft;  from  the  mouth  of  the  former  (full-face)  issue  the  names 
jS'  Vincent,  Pasley,  Duncan,  Pellew,  Nelson ;  from  that  of  Pitt  (in  profile  to 
the  r.):  Trollope,  Thomson,  Bridport,  Onslow,  Pringle.  In  the  centre  of  the 
raft  is  a  massive  fortress  manned  with  troops ;  from  it  flies  a  huge  tricolour 
flag  inscribed  Liberty  and  Equality.  The  fort  is  surrounded  by  tents ;  out- 
side there  are  soldiers  in  close  formation  with  bayonets.  The  outer  edge 
is  flanked  by  turrets,  each  having  a  (tricolour)  flag  inscribed:  Plunder; 
Regecides  Paricides ;  Deism  Atheism ;  Robbery ;  Murder  &  Ravishm'^ ;  Torture ; 
Blood  &  Rapine;  Cruelty  &  lust;  Barbar[ity].  The  motive  force  is  given 
by  wheels  worked  by  windmills,  and  by  large  oars.  In  the  bows  is  a 
guillotine  surmounted  by  a  bonnet-rouge ;  another  guillotine  decorates  the 
stern.  Behind  the  raft  (1.)  advance  ships  of  war.  In  the  foreground,  flying 
over  the  agitated  sea  like  stormy  petrels,  are  three  winged  heads  (r.  to  1.): 
Erskine,  Stanhope,  and  ( ?)  Thelwall.  Lauderdale,  Fox,  Sheridan,  Norfolk, 
and  Stanhope  wear  bonnets-rouges. 

About  this  time  many  prints  were  published  of 'The  French  Raft'  'build- 
ing at  Brest'.  There  are  three  in  the  Print  Room;  eight  are  reproduced, 
Wheeler  and  Broadley,  i.  68,  80,  88  (on  which  this  print  is  evidently  based), 
94,  184,'  304,  308,  312.  They  differ  considerably,  but  the  size  is  usually 
given  as  2,100x1,500  feet,  to  carry  60,000  men  (one  says  30,000).  The 
raft  was  a  French  fable,  ridiculed  in  a  serious  French  publication  (sum- 
marized, Gent.  Mag.,  1798,  i.  315-17).  See  the  report  of  an  English  sailor, 
Lond.  Chron.,  2  Jan.  1798.  A  later  variation  'building  at  Dieppe'  is  a  raft 
of  nine  old  ships  lashed  together  to  move  by  steam-engines.  Ibid.,  3  May. 

'  'Etchd  &  pubd  by  Dighton  Char?  Cross,  from  a  Drawing  by  Monsieur  Freville, 
just  arriv'd.' 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

See  also  Ann.  Reg.,  1801,  pp.  272-3.  At  this  time  the  'Army  of  England' 
had  been  put  (26  Oct.  1797)  under  the  command  of  Bonaparte;  naval 
preparations  were  going  on  in  the  French  Channel  ports,  and  an  embarka- 
tion was  ordered  for  28  Feb,  The  Directory  expected  a  French  army  to 
be  eagerly  welcomed  in  England.  On  23  Feb.  Bonaparte  wrote  to  the 
Directory  that  the  scheme  of  invasion  was  (temporarily)  impracticable. 
Desbriere,  Projets  de  Debarquement  aux  ties  Britanntques,  i.  283-391 ; 
Spencer  Papers,  ed.  J.  S.  Corbett,  1914,  ii.  223  ff.  See  Nos.  9164-7,  9172, 
9176,  9180-3,  9187.   For  invasion  satires  see  No.  8432,  &c. 

Nelson  and  St.  Vincent  were  then  noted  for  Cape  St.  Vincent,  Duncan 
for  Camperdown,  cf.  Nos.  8992,  9034.  Sir  T.  Pasley  lost  a  leg  at  the  First 
of  June  and  was  in  command  at  the  Nore ;  Pellew  had  commanded  (1796-7) 
a  squadron  of  frigates  off  the  west  of  France  and  had  a  notable  encounter 
with  L' Indefatigable.  Sir  R.  Onslow  and  Captain  Sir  Henry  TroUope  had 
distinguished  themselves  at  Camperdown,  where  the  former  was  second 
in  command.  Sir  Charles  Thompson  was  second  in  command  at  St. 
Vincent.  Bridport  commanded  the  fleet  blockading  Brest.  Pringle  was 
a  Vice- Admiral  of  the  Red.  Vice- Admiral  Sir  Peter  Parker  was  c.-in-c. 
at  Portsmouth. 

Though  the  imprint  is  earlier,  probably  an  imitation  of  No.  9167. 

Hennin,  No.  12,434  (with  the  additional  imprint:  Se  vendchezjoh.  Mart. 
Will  a  Augsburg).   Broadley,  i.  105-8. 
9|X26|  in. 

9161  PATIENCE  ON  A  MONUMENT.    SMILING  AT  GRIEF. 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N  50  Oxford  St  32  [sic]  Janrv  1798. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (r.)  sits  on  a  plain  and  solid  monu- 
ment, shaped  roughly  like  a  seat,  raised  from  the  ground  by  a  projecting 
base.  He  sits  arrogantly,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  looking  down  at  John  Bull 
on  his  knees,  and  bowed  down  under  a  bulky  burden  of  Taxes  and  Assessed 
Taxes.  John,  full-face,  looks  out  of  the  corners  of  his  eyes  at  Pitt  with  a 
sour  and  calculating  grimace,  saying,  Tis  more  than  I  can  bear.  Pitt 
answers:  O  Dear  Johnny!  tis  nothing  when  you  are  used  to  it!  His  1.  arm 
hangs  over  the  back  of  the  monument,  which  is  Security  \  the  base  of  his 
seat  is  Maiority,  the  base  of  the  whole  is:  No  Reform — Necessary  (see 
No.  8635,  &c.). 

One  of  many  satires  on  the  Assessed  Taxes,  see  No.  9043,  &c.    Cf. 
No.  9162. 
ioJX7f  in. 

9162  lOHN-BULL  1  PATIENCE-ON-A-MONUMENT  |  SMILING- 
AT-GRIEF 

[?West.] 

Publish* d  by  B.  Jones — Grays  Inn  Lane—Jan^  lygS — 
Engraving  (partly  coloured).  A  sturdy  muscular  man  sits  on  a  rectangular 
tomb  in  a  church ;  his  feet  rest  on  a  slab  on  which  the  title  is  etched.  He 
looks  to  the  1.  with  a  resolutely  smiling  expression,  his  hands  clasped 
between  his  knees.  His  hair  is  tousled,  his  ragged  coat  is  buttoned  to 
conceal  the  absence  of  other  garments,  his  legs  are  bare,  his  stockings  hang 
round  his  shins.  At  his  back  is  a  tombstone  headed  by  a  profile  head  of 
Pitt  surrounded  by  crossed  bones,  an  hour-glass,  and  an  axe ;  the  inscrip- 
tion: Here  rests  the  Body  of  an  Excellent  Constitution  Lost  its  Existance 

416 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

through  the  Grim  Tyrant  Represented  above.  At  John  Bull's  feet  are:  (i)  an 
open  book,  Treatise  on  the  Camelion,  with  the  animal  depicted ;  (2)  a  string 
of  small  papers  ( ?  pawn-tickets)  like  the  tail  of  a  kite,  inscribed  Watch, 
Hat,  Coat,  Shirt,  Shoes.  A  rat  nibbles  the  last  (blank)  paper.  On  the 
ground  (1.)  is  an  open  book:  Holy  Bible.  Book  of  Job.  Beside  it  is  an 
empty  plate,  a  bare  bone,  and  a  fork.  In  the  wall  which  forms  a  back- 
ground are  two  windows;  from  it  project  three  hangings  in  the  guise  of 
banners,  two  of  which  are  inscribed:  [i]  Old  Window  Tax  \  New  ly — D° 
House  D°  I  Hat  Duty  \  Tax'd  Carts  \  Watch  &  Clock  Tax  \  New  Budget 
Treble  Assesd  Taxes  \  Tax  after  Tax  \  ad  infinitum.  [2]  Servants  Tax 
Horse  D°  \  Addition  \  Additional  \  Carriage  \  Addition  \  Stamp  \ 

One  of  many  satires  on  Pitt's  taxes,  especially  relating  to  the  Tripling 
of  the  Assessed  Taxes,  see  No.  9043,  &c.  For  the  Clock  Tax  see  No.  9027. 
Cf.  No.  9161. 
713  X  6  in. 

9163  PAM  AND  FLUSH.  |  WE  ARE  ALL  LOO'D. 
[Dighton.] 

Pub^  by  Dighton.  Chars  Cross.  Janv  1798. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  still-life  composition.  A  bulging 
money-bag  rests  on  a  book.  Court  Kalendar,  and  on  mother-of-pearl 
counters,  one  inscribed  Crown  Loo,  the  others  in  the  form  of  fish.  Against 
the  bag  lean  five  playing-cards,  the  uppermost  being  Pitt  as  Knave  of  Clubs 
('Pam')  with  a  sequence  of  diamonds  (a  flush).  The  bag  bulges  with 
guineas  and  bank-notes,  drawn  in  a  trompe  I'aeil  manner,  the  uppermost 
dated  23^^  Jan,  and  Ext^  R.  Dighton.  The  amount  is  for  [Tejw  Thous[and]. 
Behind  is  a  closed  bag  inscribed  £100-000. 

A  satire  on  Pitt's  heavy  taxation,  cf.  No.  9043,  &c.  The  Court  Kalendar 
here  indicates  paid  office,  sinecure  or  otherwise.    The  Knave  of  Clubs 
(the  highest  card  at  Loo)  is  usually  Fox,  see  No.  6488,  &c. 
7fx6in. 

9164  L'fiCOT.     [THE  RECKONING.] 
Ruotte  Fecit  An  VI. 

a  Parts,  Chez  Depeuille,  M^  d'Estampes,  rue  des  Mathurins  S^  Jacques, 
N"  374  [c.  Jan.  1798] 

Engraving.  The  figures  have  numbers  referring  to  names  engraved  below 
the  design.  George  III  sits  asleep  in  profile  to  the  r.,  beside  a  tavern  table. 
On  a  flight  of  three  steps  leading  from  the  room  to  the  door  (r.),  are 
departing  guests,  followed  by  an  agonized  waiter  who  presents  his  Carte, 
saying,  Eh  Messieurs!  qui  pay  era  I'Ecot?  He  is  pushed  back  by  Buonaparte, 
a  tall  commanding  figure,  who  says.  Descends,  descends,  Georges  Va  voulu, 
Georges  payera  tout  (an  allusion  to  Georges  Dandin,  see  No.  8464,  &c.). 
Just  behind  him  are  the  King  of  Spain  and  the  Emperor.  The  former 
points,  saying,  C'est  Georges  quand  il  sera  reveille;  the  latter  says,  Qui  c'est 
lui  qui  paye  pour  nous.  A  Dutchman,  pipe  in  hand,  disappears  through  the 
door,  saying,  Je  me  Sauve. 

Above  George  Ill's  head  is  a  wall-map  showing  the  road  (inscribed 
//  n'y  a  qu'un  Pas)  from  Paris  to  Calais ;  the  Straits  of  Dover  are  Canal 
libre ;  the  road  continues  from  Douvres  to  Londres.  Other  roads  give  veri- 
similitude to  the  map.  The  King  says:  Jaurais  du  mettre  de  Veau  dans  nion 
vin.  Ah!  Pitt.  An  empty  bottle  and  onions  (cf.  No.  8145)  lie  at  his  feet. 

417  E  e 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

A  satire  on  the  projected  invasion  of  England,  see  No.  9160,  &c.,  and  on 
the  subsidies  paid  by  England  to  her  (former)  allies,  see  No.  8821,  &c. 
Cf.  No.  5642  (1780),  a  similar  theme. 

Broadley,  ii.  36  (reproduction).    Renouvier,  p.  233.   London  und  Paris, 
i.  1798,  p.  95. 
9  X  1 1  -|-  in. 

9165  VENT  CONTRAIRE.  OU  VAILLANS  EFFORTS  DU  BEAU 
SEXE  ANGLAIS  POUR  EMPfiCHER  LA  DESCENTE. 

Dep.  a  la  Bibl.  Nat.  chez  Martinet  [?i798]i 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  Behind  a  folding 
screen  on  the  sea-shore,  ten  ugly  EnglishM^omen  w^ith  fans  attempt  to  make 
a  contrary  Vi^ind  to  prevent  the  landing  of  a  French  fleet.  One  says  to  a 
terrified  British  officer  crouching  behind  her  petticoats:  Vite  Caches-toi 
les  voici.  He  exclaims  ah!  je  suis  perdu!  Two  French  boats  have  reached 
land,  their  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Liberie  des  Mers.  From  the  flimsy 
English  barricade  floats  a  pennant:  Vaincre  ou  ceder. 

For  the  project  of  invasion  see  No.  9160,  &c.  'Freedom  of  the  seas' 
implies  opposition  to  the  right  of  search,  &c.,  on  the  principles  of  the 
Armed  Neutrality  (see  No.  5730,  &c.),  a  question  which  became  critical 
in  1798.   Camb.  Mod.  Hist.  ix.  45. 

Reproduced,  Wheeler  and  Broadley,  ii.  308. 
6  X  6  in. 

9166  THE  MODERN  CAIN'S  LAMENT 

y  Kay  lygS 

Engraving.  Pitt  (1.),  flourishing  his  sword,  strides  away  from  Dundas, 
looking  back  at  him  with  a  terrified  expression.  His  words  are  engraved 
under  the  title :  O  Harrie  whither  shall  I  fly!  I  am  this  day,  A  Murderer 
of  thousands,  Every  one  that  finds  me  will  count  me  his  Enemy  and  Slay  me. 
Dundas,  in  Highland  military  dress,  stands  impassively,  turning  his  head 
in  profile  to  look  at  Pitt ;  his  r.  hand  is  on  the  hilt  of  a  broadsword  which 
he  holds  like  a  walking-stick,  his  1.  hand  is  on  his  hip,  his  forefinger  points 
to  a  pistol  in  his  belt,  as  if  recommending  suicide.  He  wears  feathered 
bonnet,  gorget,  epaulettes,  and  sporran.  Pitt  is  in  civilian  dress  with  a 
sword-belt  over  his  shoulder.  In  the  background  an  invasion  of  England 
is  in  progress:  guns  fire  from  a  square  fort  which  flies  a  Union  Jack. 
Behind  is  the  sea  with  ships.  Serried  ranks  of  tiny  soldiers  advance  from 
the  fort,  dead  bodies  lie  on  the  ground. 

One  of  many  prints  on  the  threat  of  a  French  invasion,  see  No.  9160,  &c., 
and  a  satire  on  Pitt  for  dependence  on  Dundas. 

*  Collection,'  No.  236.  Kay,  No.  cclvi. 
4i6X3iftin. 

9167  THE  STORM  RISING ;— OR— THE  REPUBLICAN  FLOTILLA 
IN  DANGER. 

J^  Gvinv  &f 

Pu¥  Feby  r^  1798,  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    A  similar  design  to  No.  9160,  but 

simpler  and  more  effective.    The  windlass  (r.)  is  turned  by  Bedford,  in 

profile  to  the  1.,  Fox,  in  back  view  but  looking  to  the  raft  (1.),  Sheridan, 

'  Dated  1798  by  E.  Hawkins,  but  similar  in  manner  to  prints  of  1803. 

418 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

in  profile  to  the  r.,  and  Tierney,  coming  towards  the  spectator.  From 
Bedford's  pocket  hangs  a  paper:  £1400  Fined,  for  False  Entry  of  Servants. 
All  are  running,  but  it  is  clear  that  huge  waves  raised  by  Pitt  will  swamp 
the  raft  before  it  reaches  shore.  All  wear  coats  except  Fox,  whose  coat  lies 
on  the  ground  beside  a  paper:  List  of  the  New  Republican  Ministry.  Citizen 
Volpone,  Premier. .  . .  Fox's  shirt  is  tattered,  his  hair  is  tied  by  a  tricolour 
ribbon.  Pitt's  profile  emerges  from  clouds  in  the  upper  (r.)  corner;  his 
blast  spreads  as  it  reaches  the  raft,  developing  into  flashes  of  lightning. 
The  names  are:  Trollope,  Colpoys,  S^  Vincent,  Seymour,  Parker,  Onslow, 
Duncan,'^  Curtis,  Howe,^  Thompson,  Gardiner.  The  raft  advances  diagonally 
from  the  1. ;  at  the  front  is  a  huge  flag-staff  to  which  the  rope  from  the 
shore  is  attached ;  it  flies  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Liberty  and  is  surmounted 
by  a  cap  of  Liberty.  In  the  stern  is  a  similar  flag  inscribed  Slavery,  The 
tricolour  flags  which  fly  from  the  turrets  surrounding  the  vessel  are 
inscribed:  Invasion,  Requisitions,  Plunder,  Beggary,  Murder,  Destruction, 
Anarchy,  [B]lasphemy,  Atheism.  On  the  horizon  on  the  extreme  1.  is  a  fort, 
its  flag  inscribed  Brest.  This  is  surmounted  by  a  guillotine  on  which  capers 
a  tiny  demon  playing  a  fiddle;  from  it  rises  a  streamer:  Over  de  Vater! 
over  de  Vater  to  Charley! 

In  spite  of  the  date.  No.  9160  is  probably  an  imitation  of  this  print. 
Howe,  the  hero  of  the  First  of  June,  see  No.  8469,  was  admiral  of  the  fleet, 
and  Curtis  was  captain  of  the  fleet  at  the  First  of  June  and  in  1796-7  was 
in  command  of  a  squadron  off  Ireland.  Colpoys  and  Gardner  (M.P.  for 
Westminster)  had,  like  Howe,  figured  in  the  recent  naval  mutinies.  For 
the  others  see  No.  9 1 60  and  index.  Bedford  (reputedly  reluctant  to  disburse, 
cf.  No.  8426)  was  fined  (under  the  Act  for  tripling  the  Assessed  Taxes,  see 
No.  9043)  for  omitting  to  return  25  servants  and  11  horses  {Anti-Jacobin, 
25  Dec.  1797,  I  Jan.  1798.  See  also  'The  Duke  and  the  Taxing-Man', 
ibid,,  I  Jan.,  and  cf.  Nos.  9282,  9340,  9416,  9434.  Lond.  Chron., 
27  Dec). 

'The  Raft  or  both  sides  of  the  Water',  musical  interlude  by  J.  C.  Cross, 
was  first  played  31  Mar.  1798  at  Covent  Garden.  Cannons  were  fired 
from  the  Raft  and  answered  by  batteries  and  gunboats,  the  Raft  blew  up. 
Genest,  vii.  361  ff.  The  Raft  is  the  subject  of  the  last  49  lines  of  Canning's 
Loves  of  the  Triangles  {Anti-Jacobin,  7  May  1798). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  234.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  175.   Broadley,  i.  108. 
London  und  Paris,  i,  1798,  pp.  24-5.^  Reproduced,  Wheeler  and  Broadley, 
i.  249. 
9|X26in. 

9168  THE  LOYAL  TOAST. 

J'  Qy  inif  &  fed 

Pu¥  Feby  3.  1798.  by  H  Humphrey — 27.  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of  Norfolk  (r.)  stands  on  a 
dais  at  the  head  of  a  table  (only  part  of  which  is  visible),  directed  to  the  1., 
raising  a  brimming  glass;  in  his  1.  hand  is  a  wine-bottle;  he  says:  Our 
Sovereign, — the  Majesty  of  the  People!!! —  At  his  r.  hand  sits  Fox ;  in  the 
foreground,  straddling  across  his  chair  and  turning  his  head  in  profile  to 
look  at  Norfolk,  sits  the  Duke  of  Bedford :  from  his  pocket  hangs  a  scroll : 

■  In  larger  characters  than  the  other  names. 

^  Where  Bridport,  Pellew,  and  Sidney  Smith  are  incorrectly  included  in  a 
selection  of  the  names,  the  two  former  probably  from  No.  9160,  the  last  a  curious 
interpolation. 

419 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Grants  from  y"  Crown  an  Old  Song  by  the  Bedford  Farmer  [cf.  Burke's 
Letter  to  a  Noble  Lord,  and  No.  8788].  On  the  extreme  1.,  and  next  Bed- 
ford, sits  Nicholls.  Fox,  on  Norfolk's  r.,  is  next  Sheridan.  Behind  them 
standing  figures,  freely  sketched,  rise  in  a  pyramid.  Conspicuous  among 
them  is  a  little  chimney-sweeper  with  C  Fox  Knaves  Acre  on  his  cap 
(according  to  the  Act  by  which  climbing  boys  were  to  wear  the  name  and 
address  of  their  masters  on  their  caps).  All  raise  their  glasses  high.  Bottles 
of  wine  stand  on  the  table,  and  empty  bottles  are  piled  against  the  chair- 
man's dais.  Norfolk  tramples  on  his  peer's  robe,  which  he  has  thrown  off. 
On  the  back  of  his  chair  is  a  bonnet-rouge  in  the  form  of  a  fool's  cap.  Two 
hands  (belonging  to  Justice)  emerge  from  clouds  above  Norfolk's  head. 
The  r.  hand  uses  shears  to  cut  off  the  lower  part  of  a  scroll :  Gifts  \  &  | 
Honors  bestowed  |  by  the  \  Crown  \  First  Dukedom  |  First  Earldom  |  First 
Barony  |  Earl  Marshalship  \  Rank  next  the  |  Blood  Royal  \  £60  000  p' 
Annum  \  CoV  of  Militia  \  Lord  Lieutenant  \  of  Yorkshire  |.  (The  last  three 
lines  are  about  to  be  cut  off.)  The  1.  hand  holds  a  pair  of  scales  evenly 
balanced  and  points  with  a  forefinger  to  a  scroll:  Jockey  of  Nxxxxxx — be 
not  too  bold!!! 

On  24  Jan.  a  dinner  was  held  at  the  Crown  and  Anchor  to  celebrate 
Fox's  birthday,  including  for  the  first  time  on  this  anniversary  Home 
Tooke  and  the  extremists,  2,000  persons  being  present.  Norfolk  was  in 
the  chair  and  gave  the  above  toast,  also  (the  more  serious  ground  of  offence) 
comparing  the  2,000  with  the  2,000  who  had  rallied  round  Washington,  and 
asking  his  hearers  to  make  the  application.  Lady  Holland  writes:  'this 
seditious,  and  in  my  opinion  very  improper  speech  met  with  the  most 
violent  applause  which  alarmed  him.'  Journal,  i.  177.  A  satirical  account 
appeared  in  the  Anti-Jacobin  on  29  Jan.  The  King  caused  him  to  be 
removed  from  his  lord  lieutenancy  and  the  colonelcy  of  the  militia,  the  news 
reaching  him  on  3 1  Jan.  See  Holland,  Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party,  i.  130  f., 
and  Nos.  9170,  9171,  9175,  9177,  9205,  9215,  9216,  9240,  9248,  9258,  9266, 
9282,  9340,  9345,  9401,  9434. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  234-5.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  173.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830.    Reproduced  C.  Edmonds,  Poetry  of  the  Anti-Jacobin, 
1890,  p.  94. 
i3X9|in. 

9169  A  SPECIMEN  OF  SCOTCH  MODESTY. 
/  C   [Cruikshank.] 

Published  Feb^  5  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  corner  of 
Sackville  Street — Folios  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving.  Twelve  figures  arranged  in  two  rows,  each  representing 
Dundas  (not  caricatured)  in  one  of  his  capacities,  title  and  words  etched 
above  each.  \i\  A  Governor  of  the  Charter  House.  He  walks  (1.  to  r.),  look- 
ing down  at  a  document  in  his  1.  hand  and  saying:  How  I  venerate  Charters. 
[2]  Joint  Keeper  of  the  Signet  in  Scotland.  He  holds  out  his  1.  hand  looking 
admiringly  at  a  signet  ring:  a  vera  pretty  Seal  ring  worth  £2000  a  Year. 
[3]  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  S*  Andrew.  He  sits  directed  to  the  1. 
in  a  high-backed  arm-chair  wearing  academic  cap  and  long  gown:  There 
is  great  weight  and  Dignity  in  a  gown  and  Square  Cap.  [4]  Patent  Printer 
of  the  Bible  in  Scotland.  He  sits  in  dressing-gown,  cap,  and  slippers  at  a 
printing-press  of  the  Caxton  type,  saying :  This  printing  and  composing  is 
vera  tedious,  but  as  it  brings  in  about  £6000  per  Annum  I  must  noe  loose 

420 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1798 

sight  of  it.  [5]  Gustos  Rotulorum  for  Middlesex.  He  sits  pompously  in  a 
high-backed  chair  wearing  an  old-fashioned  cocked  hat  and  laced  coat, 
saying :  A  little  Consequence  is  very  necessary  in  a  custos  Rotulorum.  [6]  A 
Treasurer  of  the  Navy.  He  sits  at  a  table  on  which  are  money-bags  and 
piles  of  coin,  which  he  is  counting:  Ah!  this  is  pretty  neat  employment  I  love 
to  count  over  the  Siller.  [7]  A  Governor  of  Greenwich  Hospital.  He  stands, 
wearing  cocked  hat  and  uniform,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  r.  hand  on  his  hip, 
1,  hand  on  the  hilt  of  a  sword :  a  naval  uniform  is  vera  becoming.  [8]  A 
Commissioner  of  Chelsea  Hospital.  He  stands  with  arms  folded,  wearing 
cocked  hat  with  military  uniform :  As  is  also  that  of  the  Miliatory  in  due 
season.  [9]  A  Commissioner  for  India  Affairs.  He  stands  with  his  back  to 
a  group  of  barrels  and  chests,  turning  to  the  r. :  What  are  ye  aboot  ye  lazy 
loons,  why  are  not  these  goods  shipped  off  for  India  d'ye  mean  to  do  nothing 
at  aw*  for  your  money.  [10]  Governor  of  the  Bank  of  Scotland.  He  stands 
in  profile  to  the  1.,  chapeau-bras,  one  hand  thrust  under  his  waistcoat  and 
wearing  an  old-fashioned  wig:  This  is  what  I  call  snug — vera  little  trouble. 
[1 1]  A  Secretary.  He  writes  busily  in  profile  to  the  r.  at  a  davenport  desk : 
By  my  Sawl  I  care  not  how  many  Trades  they  make  me  sae  that  the  Siller 
comes  alang  with  them  catch  aw  things  is  the  rule  in  Scotland.  [12]  An  Elder 
Brother  of  the  Trinity  House.  He  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  wearing  a  gown, 
bowing,  cap  in  hand:  This  concludes  for  the  present  my  small  portion  of  the 
Candle  ends,  and  cheese  parings  [cf.  No.  9038]. 

One  of  many  satires  on  Dundas   as  a  self-regarding  pluralist,  see 
No.  9052,  &c.  He  was  also  a  Lord  of  Trade  and  Plantations. 
I2f  Xi8f  in. 

9170  DRUMMING  OUT  OF  THE  REGIMENT!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N  50  Oxford  Sf  Febr  7'*  lygS 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of 
Norfolk  walks  (r.  to  1.)  in  round-shouldered  dejection  immediately  before 
two  Grenadiers,  one,  Pitt,  beating  a  drum,  the  other  ( ?  Windham)  playing 
a  fife.  On  his  back  is  a  placard:  Washington  \  2000  Men  \  make  the  \ 
Application.  \  Champion  of  \  Liberty.  \  Sovereign  \  Majesty.  \  People  &  &. 
In  front  of  him  Dundas  marches  stiffly,  holding  a  pike ;  he  wears  tartan 
with  a  plaid  and  feathered  hat,  with  advocate's  wig  and  bands.  In  the 
background  (1.)  are  two  spectators:  Fox,  full-face,  his  handkerchief  to  his 
eye,  and  Sheridan,  turning  towards  him  with  a  monitory  forefinger.  From 
a  window  on  the  extreme  r.  looks  the  King,  a  telescope  to  his  eye,  saying: 
Drum  away,  Billy!!  I  wish  they  were  all  drummd  out!!  See  No.  9168,  &c. 
11X15I  in. 

9171  BELSHAZZAR'S  FEAST. 

with  a  Translation  for  the  Country  Gentleman. 

Pu¥  Feby  12  lygS  by  SW  Fores  Corner  of  Sackville  S^  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  imitation  of  No.  9168.  The  head 
of  the  table  at  the  dinner  on  Fox's  birthday.  Norfolk,  rising  from  his  chair 
(r.),  gives  the  toast  Our  Sovereign — the  Majesty  of  the  People,  but  looks 
up  horror-struck,  as  do  the  others,  at  writing  on  the  wall:  [Men]e,  Mene, 
Tekel,  U[pharsim].  The  heads  and  shoulders  of  Pitt  and  the  King  emerge 
from  clouds  (r,),  the  finger  of  Pitt,  supported  by  the  King,  points  to  the 
'translation':  /  have  no  farther  Occasion  for  your  Services.  Both  heads  are 
in  profile.  In  the  King's  1.  hand  is  a  paper:  Gazette  \  New  Appointments  | 

421 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

His  Grace  of\  Lord  Lieu*  &  Cuf  Rot:  West.  \  in  room  ofD — N  \  Obnoxious  \ 
The  Ear\l\  Col  We  mil  room  D.N.  Norfolk's  chair,  on  its  dais,  is  decorated 
with  a  profile  of  William  [HI],  surmounted  by  a  crown  and  cap  oi  Liberty. 
From  his  pocket  issues  a  paper:  Reflections  on  Apostacy;  under  his  foot  is 
a  paper:  Commissi[on]  to  be  pawned  or  Sold  it  will  be  no  use  to  stop  the 
Bearer.  From  behind  the  chair  looks  the  Devil,  holding  up  his  glass  and 
saying.  Hip,  Hip,  Hip. 

Fox  sits  in  back  view  on  the  chairman's  1.;  from  his  pocket  issues  a 
paper:  Toasts  &  Sentiments  for  my  Birthday.  Opposite  him  sits  Bedford 
in  riding-dress;  beside  his  chair  is  a  small  sack:  Samples  of  Bedfordshire 
Corn.  Erskine,  in  wig  and  gown,  and  Home  Tooke  stand  in  profile  to  the  1. 
On  the  extreme  I.  Lauderdale  kneels  on  the  ground  pouring  the  contents 
of  a  wine-bottle  on  to  the  table.  All  look  up  in  sudden  terror  at  the  writing 
on  the  wall,  dropping  their  full  wine-glasses  or  spilling  their  contents.  In  the 
foreground  (r.)  are  wine-bottles  and  a  dish  of  Norfolk  Dumplins.  The  King 
and  Pitt  are  caricatured,  the  Whigs  below  them  are  not. 

See  No.  9168,  &c.  Earl  Fitzwilliam  replaced  Norfolk  as  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant, &c.,  of  the  West  Riding. 
i2|X9^in. 

9172    INTENDED    BONNE   PARTE   RAISING   A   SOUTHERLY 
WIND. 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Lond:  Pub:  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  Feb:  20.^  lygS  Folios 
of  Caricatures  Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Straits  of  Dover:  Bonaparte  (1.) 
stands  on  the  one  side,  stooping  down  with  bared  posteriors,  from  which 
fly  through  the  air  balloons,  parachutes,  infantry,  cavalry,  artillery,  tents, 
and  wagons.  A  tiny  guillotine  is  towed  and  pushed  towards  England.  The 
sky  is  sprinkled  with  these  invaders,  the  largest  object  being  a  balloon 
whose  basket  bristles  with  tiny  guns ;  from  this  an  anchor  hangs  on  a  rope. 
Bonaparte  stoops  down,  his  hands  on  his  knees,  while  an  officer  stands 
beside  him  feeding  him  with  a  spoon  with  Parched  Peas  from  the  former's 
large  cocked  hat,  which  is  on  the  ground,  the  crown  filled  with  peas. 
Bonaparte  says:  Oh  Berthier — Berthier — /  can't  go  through  with  it  I  fear. 
Berthier  answers :  That's  your  sort  my  Boy.  The  Directory  will  give  us 
Imortal  Honer  for  this,  its  a  new  way  of  raising  the  Wind.  \  come  a  few  more 
they  are  Nice  and  Hot. 

In  the  sea  a  giant  raft  with  one  sail  makes  for  England;  guns  project 
from  its  sides,  and  troops  are  indicated  by  flags  and  bayonets.  On  the 
English  coast  are  cliffs.  A  huge  sea  monster  has  reached  the  shore  and 
soldiers  are  landing  from  its  open  jaws.  An  English  Jacobin  wearing  a 
bonnet-rouge  embraces  the  leader,  who  steps  ashore;  he  says:  My  dear 
Monge  youW  right  welcomyou  have  had  a  dreadful  voyage.  Men  with  fixed 
bayonets  follow  Monge.  On  the  cliff  immediately  above  the  monster  stand 
Sheridan  and  Fox,  welcoming  the  aerial  army ;  Home  Tooke  sits  at  their 
feet;  they  say:  How  fragrant  is  this  Southern  Breeze.  Lauderdale,  very 
small,  wearing  Highland  dress,  stands  beside  Fox,  saying:  Hoot  Mon  this 
reminds  me  of  sweet  Edinburgh.  Beneath  the  title :  Or  a  Sketch  of  the  Intended 
Invincible  Invasion  found  at  the  door  of  Brooks's  in  S*  James's  Street  [cf . 
No.  8826]. 

"  Or  Feb.  10. 
422 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1798 

For  the  Army  of  England  and  the  giant  raft,  the  design  of  which  was 
attributed  to  Monge,  the  great  mathematician  and  friend  of  Bonaparte, 
see  No.  9160,  &c.    For  aerial  invasion  cf.  No.  9176,  &c. 

Broadley,  i.  108-9. 
9|Xi4|in. 

9173  H(eye)EROGL(eye)PH(eye)CK  (lines)  ON  THE  (King)'S   (bee) 
(eye)RTHDAY. 

Published  20f^  February  lygS,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  $3  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  A  rebus,  the  words  in  brackets  represented  by  small  engraved 

objects. 

(Bee)r(eye)(ton)^  (awl)  Ha(eye)l!  (Ewer)  Mon{zrch)s  (gnat)(awl)  Day: 

(Cheque)  ^(hen)  (ewer)  (pezjhrenzy;  karn(eye)ng  (toe)  0(bee)ey, 

(Hand)  (inn)  loud  (pea)la{yew)d{eye)ts,  ez;e(rye)  (bee)r(eye)(ton)  s{eye)ng, 

God  {hee)less  o(yew)r  (arm)j,  (hand)  long  l{eye)ve  the  K(eye)ng. 

On  the  same  page  as  No.  9174,  each  plate  being  faced  by  a  printed 
'Explanation'. 
3^X5  in.  (pi.). 

9174  A  POLITICAL  MAP  OF  ENGLAND  &c.' 

Engraving.  A  map  of  England,  round  the  boundary  of  which  are  spaced 
the  letters  of  the  word  religion.  A  crown  is  encircled  with  the  words 
Loyalty  &  Affection.  Under  a  naked  foot  is  the  word  Democracy  (cf. 
No.  9178).  Two  clasped  hands  are  Law.  Other  words  are  engraved  in 
circles.  The  explanation:  *0n  the  Boundaries  of  the  Map  is  Religion — 
The  Crown  is  surrounded  by  Loyalty  and  Affection — Honor,  under  the 
Crown — Democracy  is  trodden  under  Foot — Britons  unite  in  our  Law, 
Liberty,  and  Independence — Security  and  Property  extending  from  one 
side  of  the  Country  to  the  other.'  On  the  same  page  as  No.  9173.  Cf. 
No.  8444. 
4iiX3f  in.  (pi.). 

9175  THE  RESIGNATION. 

[?  Ansell.] 

Pub'^  Feby  23^  lygS  by  SW.  Fores  50  Piccadilly. — Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of  Norfolk  (r.)  stands 
defiantly  before  the  King,  one  foot  on  the  fringed  carpet  on  which  the 
ornate  royal  chair  is  placed.  He  turns  his  head  in  profile  to  the  1.,  holding 
out  at  arm's  length  his  Earl  Marshal's  baton,  inscribed  Hereditary.  He  has 
thrown  to  the  ground  sealed  patents  inscribed  Cus  Rotu  Westri  and  CoV  of 
West  York  Mil[itia].  The  King,  much  alarmed,  throws  up  his  arms  and 
one  leg;  his  foot-stool  is  overturned.  Pitt  takes  cover  behind  his  chair, 
kneeling  on  one  knee  and  looking  round  the  back  of  the  chair  to  say: 

How  did  you  dare, 
To  trade  and  traffic  with  Macbeth 
In  Riddles  and  affairs  of  death. 
For  Norfolk's  dismissal  see  No.  9168,  &c. 
n|Xio|in. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  9173. 

423 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9176  THE  GRAND  REPUBLICAN  BALLOON, 

Published  Fehv  24^  lygS  by  J.  Wallis,  N°  16,  Ludgate  Street,  London. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  altered  state  of  No.  6710  {The  Grand 
British  Balloon,  1784).  The  British  lion  holding  the  Union  Jack  is  altered 
to  a  Gallic  fighting-cock  holding  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Liberty  and 
surmounted  by  the  cap  of  Liberty.  The  date  '2440'  with  the  crown  and 
*G.R'  are  replaced  by  a  guillotine.  Massed  troops  have  been  placed  on 
the  galleries  traversing  the  balloon  and  on  the  deck  of  the  ship.  The  two 
sails  are  inscribed  Slavery.  The  pendent  cage  is  removed.  The  sea  with 
ships  has  been  added,  forming  a  base  to  the  design.  The  (printed)  title 
continues :  Intended  to  convey  the  Army  of  England  from  the  Gallic  Shores 
For  the  Purpose  of  exchanging  French  Liberty!  for  English  Happiness! 
Accurately  copied  from  a  Plan  presented  to  the  Executive  Directory ,  \  By 
Citizen  Monge. 

One  of  several  satires  on  the  'Army  of  England'  and  on  the  devices 
supposed  to  have  been  invented  by  Monge  for  transporting  troops,  see 
No.  9160,  &c.  For  anticipations  of  military  balloons  see  also  Nos.  6333 
(1783),  6435,  6709,  6710  (1784),  9172,  9220.  Captive  balloons  were  used 
by  the  French  in  1794,  notably  at  Fleurus,  see  pi.  in  Dayot,  Rev.  fr., 
p.  306,  and  cf.  No.  9352.  Prints  of  armed  French  balloons  (as  well  as  of 
rafts)  are  said  to  have  been  used  to  influence  the  disaffected  Irish  peasantry, 
c.  1798.  T.  C.  Croker,  Songs  of  Invasion  of  Ireland,  Percy  Society,  1847, 
p.  35.  For  other  adaptations  of  this  design  see  No.  6710. 
i3|X9fin. 

9177  "SOLA    "VIRTUS   INVICTA"— "VITUE   ALONE    IS     IN- 
VINCIBLE." 

Designd  Drawn  &  Etch'd  by  R^  Newton  lygS^ 

London  Pub  by  R  Newton  Brydges  St  Covent  Garden  Feb.  26  lygS 

Engraving.  The  Duke  of  Norfolk  drives  a  triumphal  car  furiously  over  the 
bodies  of  his  political  opponents.  He  rises  from  his  seat,  flourishing  above 
his  head  a  whip  with  a  long  knotted  lash.  His  head  is  the  centre  of  a  disk 
with  star-shaped  rays,  from  which  issue  flashes  of  lightning.  A  cap  of 
Liberty  decorates  his  car,  and  a  meretricious-looking  woman  floats  through 
the  air  towards  him  holding  an  irradiated  cap  of  liberty  with  a  tricolour 
cockade  on  her  staff;  she  is  about  to  crown  him  with  a  laurel  wreath. 
Prostrate  bodies,  raising  heads  and  arms,  lie  thickly  on  the  ground  under 
the  car  and  the  hoofs  of  the  wildly  prancing  pair  of  horses.  All  are  bur- 
lesqued ;  four  only  are  recognizable :  the  front  wheel  passes  over  the  neck 
(much  elongated)  of  Pitt  and  of  the  King.  The  latter's  face  is  almost  blank, 
resembling  a  wig-block;  his  crown  and  wig  have  fallen  off,  his  sceptre  lies 
beside  them.  A  bishop  (Horsley,  see  No.  8703,  &c.)  sprawls  under  the 
horses;  he  wears  a  mitre;  one  lawn  sleeve  is  inscribed  R — ch — er.  Next 
him  is  Dundas,  at  whom  lightning  is  particularly  directed.  Over  the  heads 
of  some  of  the  prostrate  men  (r.):  Placemen  and  Pensioners  Spies  and 
Informers. 

The  car  is  about  to  pass  the  door  (r.)  of  the  Crown  and  Anchor  tavern, 
in  which  stand  the  Duke  of  Bedford  (1.)  and  Fox  (r.),  cheering  wildly. 

'  The  back  of  this  print  has  been  used  for  a  notice  in  pen,  in  capital  letters, 
which  has  been  pasted  to  a  shop  window:  R,  Newton  |  takes  warranted  |  strong 
likeneses  |  for  half  a  guinea  |  in  miniature  on  ivory  |  [f]or  a  locket  or  framing. 
Specimens  to  be  —  |  seen  within. 

424 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

Bedford  holds  up  a  goblet  containing  a  fox's  brush,  and  his  hat ;  Fox  waves 
his  hat,  both  arms  above  his  head.  Behind  them,  inside  the  door,  is  a  back- 
ground of  raised  arms  and  hats,  grotesquely  small  and  cheering  frantically. 
Above  the  door  is  the  sign :  the  anchor,  sign  of  Hope,  rests  on  an  inverted 
crown,  cf.  No.  7890.  Below  the  title:  To  the  Whig  Club  of  England  this 
Plate  is  inscribed  with  all  due  respect  by  Their  most  devoted  servant  Richard 
Newton. 

A  satire  on  the  speech  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  and  his  consequent  dis- 
missal from  his  Lord  Lieutenancy,  see  No.  9168,  &c.  On  6  Feb.  he  pre- 
sided at  a  meeting  of  the  Whig  Club  (at  the  London  Tavern),  when  Fox 
approved  the  toasts  to  the  People  and  to  the  Success  of  Washington,  but 
explained  that  though  the  independence  of  America  had  been  obtained 
by  force,  that  of  England  was  to  be  secured  only  by  peaceable  methods. 
Norfolk  declared  his  abhorrence  of  forcible  resistance  to  Government. 
Lond.  Chron.,  8  Feb.  1798.  The  title  is  the  Duke's  motto. 
9|xi3|in.  (clipped). 

9178  THE  HOPES  OF  THE  PARTY!  OR  THE  DARLING  CHIL- 
DREN OF  DEMOCRACY! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N  50  Oxford  St  Feb  28.  1798. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  monstrous  creature  sits  on  a  stone  or 
stump  with  knees  outspread,  a  mannikin  on  each :  on  the  1.  sits  Fox  and  on  the 
r.  Home  Tooke,  facing  each  other  in  profile.  They  are  scarcely  caricatured 
but  wear  bonnets-rouges.  'Democracy'  is  naked  except  for  a  bonnet-rouge 
with  cockade  and  a  broad  tricolour  sash  in  which  is  a  dagger.  She  has 
a  bearded  chin,  shaggy  hair,  and  pendent  breasts ;  her  hands  and  feet  have 
long  talons.  She  glares  with  a  delighted  grin  at  Tooke.  Her  seat  is  placed 
on  a  small  plateau  surrounded  by  an  abyss. 

One  of  many  indications  of  the  sinister  connotation  of  'democracy',  e.g. 
Nos.  8310,  9174.  In  the  debate  of  21  Mar.  Mulgrave  asserted  that  Fox 
and  Home  Tooke  had  solemnly  engaged  to  act  together,  see  No.  9191. 
Cf.  No.  9168  and  'The  New  Coalition',  verses  in  the  Anti-Jacobin  of 
5  Mar.  (a  dialogue  between  Fox  and  Tooke). 
iSigXiOigin. 

9179  AN  EX  MINISTER  TRAINING  A  TERRIER  AT  BOWOOD 

JSf  [Sayers.]   March  1798^ 

Engraving.  Lansdowne  (I.)  in  profil  perdu,  stoops  forward,  encouraging 
a  dog  with  the  head  of  Jekyll  to  bark  at  a  bust  of  Pitt ;  the  word  Bow  issues 
from  the  mouth  of  Jekyll,  who  wears  a  legal  wig,  bands,  and  gown.  The 
bust  stands  on  the  ground  framed  in  a  leafy  arbour,  and  regards  Jekyll 
serenely,  a  contrast  with  the  latter's  impudent  and  insignificant  profile. 
After  the  title:  "Latrat  et  ore  f remit,  bile  tumetque  Je-cur."  Trees  form  a 
background. 

Jekyll  made  a  violent  and  personal  attack  on  Pitt  in  a  speech  on  the 
Assessed  Taxes  Bill  on  3  Jan.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  1 163-5.  (Cf.  No.  9043,  &c.) 
He  was  Lansdowne's  protege  and  his  nominee  for  his  borough  of  Calne, 
see  Jekyll  an  Eclogue  (1787),  and  Nos.  7828  (1791),  9232,  9248.  Jecur  (liver) 
is  divided  and  written  large  to  form  a  pun. 
7fxio^in. 

'  According  to  a  note  by  Miss  Banks  this  plate  was  not  published.    Banks 
Memoranda,  Print  Room. 

425 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9180  CONSEQUENCES  OF  A  SUCCESSFUL  FRENCH  INVASION. 

—N°  I.  Plate  J^'— 

Sir  John  Dalrymple  inv.    J^  Gillr ay  fecit. 

London.  Pu¥*  March  J"'  1798.  by  J'  Gillray,  2y*^  S^  James's  Street. 

— Price  6^—Colourd  i'^  f—^ 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  The  title  continues: 
— "We  come  to  recover  your  long  lost  Liberties." — Scene.  The  House  of 
Commons.  Under  the  title,  and  from  a  separate  plate,  is  etched  in  three 
columns:  Description. — One  French  Soldier  putting  Hand-cuffs,  and  another 
Fetters  on  the  Speaker,  whose  Mouth  is  gagged  with  a  Drumstick.  The  rest 
of  the  Members  [1.],  two  &  two,  tied  together  by  the  Arms  with  cords,  (M^  Pitt 
&  ikf  Dundas  by  the  Leg  with  an  Iron  Chain,  which  has  three  Padlocks,  but 
the  Key -holes  spiked  up).  They  are  all,  dressed  in  the  Uniform  of  the  Convicts 
of  Botany-Bay,  to  wit.  Coats  of  two  Colours,  long  Breeches  [i.e.  trousers],  no 
Stockings,  &  their  Heads  close  shaved;  French  Guards  opposite  to  the  Members, 
with  their  Hats  on;  one  of  whom  carries  an  Axe,  &  a  Blazon  of  a  Death's 
Head  on  his  Breast.  Two  Clerks  near  him  with  their  Pens  in  their  Ears,  hang- 
ing their  Heads  [tied  back  to  back].  Republicans  in  the  Galleries  waving  their 
Hats,  in  which  are  triple-colour' d  Cockades,  &  clapping  their  Hands.  An 
English  Blacksmith  [r.],  in  his  Waistcoat  &  Cap  of  Liberty,  breaking  y" 
Mace  in  pieces  with  a  fore  Hammer,  the  Statutes  tumbled  on  the  Floor,  the 
Cap  of  Liberty  [inscribed  Egalite]  raised  high  behind  the  Speaker's  Chair, 
below  which  is  painted  in  Capital  Letters,  "This  House  adjourned  to  Botany 
Bay — sine  die."  The  Chaffers  and  burning  Charcoal  continuing  to  stand  in 
their  present  places  in  the  House,  but  filled  with  red-hot  Irons,  to  sear  One 
Cheek  of  the  Members  before  they  set  off;  &  the  Other,  if  they  shall  be  found 
Guilty,  by  the  Verdict  of  a  French  Jury,  of  returning  to  their  own  Country 
without  Leave  of  the  French  Directory  in  Writing.  An  English  Cobler  in 
the  Cap  of  Liberty,  blowing  with  a  Bellows  one  of  the  Chaffers  the  Fuel,  the 
Journals  of  the  House.   [Dalrymple,  op.  cit.  inf.,  pp.  1-2.] 

The  Speaker  holds  in  his  mouth  a  drum-stick,  at  each  end  of  which  is 
a  bow  of  parti-coloured  ribbon,  adding  a  touch  of  burlesque.  The  table 
lies  on  its  side  on  the  ground  and  on  the  heavy  cloth  lie  papers,  ink-stand, 
books :  Journals  of  the  House  (torn).  Declaration  of  Rights,  Hanover  Suc- 
cession, Claim  of  Rights,  Magna  Charta.  The  chained  members  are  on  the 
Ministerial  side  of  the  House  only,  the  Opposition  side  is  filled  with  fierce- 
looking  French  soldiers,  cavalry  (wearing  plumed  helmets)  with  drawn 
sabres,  infantry  (wearing  cocked  hats)  with  fixed  bayonets.  All  have 
daggers  in  their  belts,  except  their  officer,  apparently  Bonaparte,  who  has 
two  pistols  in  his  sash,  his  hand  resting  on  the  hilt  of  his  sword.  Pitt  and 
Dundas,  chained  back  to  back,  stand  slightly  apart  from  the  other  members, 
guarded  by  a  ruffian  with  axe  and  'blazon'  of  skull  and  cross-bones. 
Three  members  are  chained  together  by  the  front  bench  (1.  to  r.):  Wilber- 
force,  [?]  Lord  Mulgrave,  Windham.  The  cobbler  and  the  blacksmith 
are  Fox  and  Sheridan,  much  caricatured  and  scarcely  recognizable.^ 

'  In  the  coloured  impression  the  words  between  asterisks  have  been  lightly 
scored  through. 

^  The  '3*^'  has  been  added  in  pen  to  the  uncoloured  impression,  and  etched  on 
the  coloured. 

3  See  Dalrymple's  prospectus:  Consequences  of  the  French  Invasion,  p.  vi.  He 
charged  Gillray  'not  to  introduce  a  single  Caricature,  or  indulge  a  single  sally  that 
could  give  pain  to  a  British  Subject.  I  had  little  Occasion  to  repeat  the  Advice, 
for  he  is  a  Man  of  Genius;  and,  like  all  such  Men,  is  fair  and  human'.  Dalrymple 
wrote  to  Gillray:  *I  beg  you  will  not  impute  what  I  am  going  to  mention  to  any 

426 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1798 

One  of  a  set  of  four  plates,  see  Nos.  91 8 1-3,  etched  by  Gillray  from 
descriptions  by  Dalrymple.  The  descriptions  (etched  on  or  below  the 
plates)  appeared  first  in  a  pamphlet  announcing  and  describing  in  all 
twenty  plates  (in  ten  'Numbers').  The  declared  object  was  to  combine, 
for  propaganda,  print  and  descriptive  comment,  the  latter  provided  by 
Dalrymple,  who  guaranteed  the  cost  of  publication,  the  prints  to  be  sold 
at  sixpence  (a  shilling  coloured)  instead  of  the  usual  two  shillings.  Sub- 
scriptions were  invited.  Dalrymple,  Consequences  of  the  French  Invasion, 
1798.  Difficulties  arose  and  four  plates  only  were  published.  Letters 
from  Dalrymple  and  drafts  of  letters  from  Gillray  to  Dalrymple  are 
in  B.M.  Add.  27337,  ^-  17-28.  Gillray  found  the  price  inadequate  (cf. 
No.  9186,  &c.)  and  disliked  Dalrymple's  suggestions,  and  on  16  Mar.  he 
wrote  that  'the  loss  .  .  .  upon  the  four  already  done  .  .  .  joined  to  the 
trouble,  &  repeated  disappointment  he  has  had  in  ye  business,  obliges  him 
positively  to  decline  having  any  thing  more  to  do  with  it'.  He  sold  the 
four  plates  to  Miss  Humphrey.  For  the  threat  of  invasion  see  No.  9160, 
&c.   Cf.  No.  8624. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  236.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  178.  London  und  Paris, 
i,  1798,  p.  24.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Broadley,  i.  108. 
9ix  ^Zi  ^^-  Two  plates,  i2|x  14  in. 

9181  CONSEQUENCES  OF  A  SUCCESSFUL  FRENCH  INVASION. 

— No.  I — Plate  2^^ 

London — Pu¥  March  i''  1798.  byj^  Gillray  N°  zy.  S^  James's  Street, 
— Price  6'^ — Coloured  J^*  3'^ 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  The  title  continues: 
We  explain  de  Rights  of  Man  to  de  Noblesse. — Scene.  The  House  of  Lords. 
Under  the  title :  Description. — A  Guillotine,  which  is  placed  on  the  Throne  ; 
the  royal  Chairs  being  removed,  pour  accomoder  les  Strangers,  (in  English) 
To  accomodate  the  Strangers.  Two  Turkish  Mutes,  with  strangling  Bow- 
strings, each  his  hand  on  his  Mouth,  stand  as  Supporters.  The  House  empty 
of  Peers.  On  a  Board  is  written,  '^ Solitudinem  faciunt,  Pacem  appellant", 
{in  English) "  They  {that  is,  the  French)  ^'create  Solitude,  and  call  it  Peace". — 
The  Cap  of  Liberty  [Liberte]  above  the  Canopy,  below  which  is  painted  in 
capital  Letters,  "Confusion  to  all  Order". — A  French  Admiral  [r.],  looking 
at  the  Tapestry,  which  represents  the  Defeat  ofy'  Spanish  invincible  Armada, 
&  the  Portraits  of  the  Immortal  English  Commanders,  says  "Me  like  not 
de  Omen;  destroy  it."  French  Soldiers  with  Swords,  Pikes,  &  screwed 
Bayonets,  attack  the  Tapestry,  on  one  Side  of  the  Room  [r.].  A  Sea  Captain, 
on  the  Top  of  a  Ladder  [1.],  tears  downy'  Tapestry  from  above  ;  his  Lieutenant 
sets  fire  to  it  below,  &  at  the  same  Time  pulls  the  Foot  of  the  Ladder,  to  break 
his  Superior's  Neck;  saying,  "This  is  an  easier  Way  of  getting  Preferment 
than  de  English  Way." — "Un  Commandant  en  Chef  (in  English)  The  Com- 
mander in  Chief,  in  his  full  Republican  Uniform,  pointing  at  the  Mace  says, 
"Here  take  away  this  Bauble;  but  if  there  be  any  Gold  on  it,  send  it  to  my 
Lodging." — A  [ragged]  French  Soldier  carries  it  away  on  his  Shoulder.  The 
Bust  of  Felton  [assassin  of  Buckingham,  1628]  on  the  Table,  in  the  Middle 
between  those  of  Damien  &  Ravillac.  [Dalrymple,  op.  cit.,  pp.  3-4.]  See 
No.  9180. 

Breach  of  my  promise  not  to  interfere  in  any  of  the  prints.    But  I  confess  I  wish 
that  the  Gag  was  out  of  the  Speaker's  Mouth.   It  may  hurt  his  feelings  as  a  Gentle- 
man .  .  .'  (n.d.).   B.M.  Add.  27337,  fo-  20.     The  gag  was  Dalrymple's  idea. 
'  Signature  as  No.  9180. 

427 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

The  design  is  as  described;  the  sea-captain  falls  from  the  ladder,  slyly 
jerked  by  his  lieutenant,  who  kneels  on  one  knee  (1.)  looking  with  triumph 
at  the  spectator.  On  the  r.  soldiers  pierce  the  tapestry  with  pikes  and 
bayonets ;  a  cavalryman  in  jack-boots  stands  on  a  bench  slashing  violently 
with  his  sabre.  The  cap  of  Liberty  is  supported  on  a  pike,  and  the  two 
crowns  which  decorate  the  throne  are  broken.  The  famous  tapestries 
representing  the  defeat  of  the  Armada  are  realistically  drawn  by  Gillray: 
galleons  in  full  sail  with  a  decorative  border  of  bust  portraits  in  ovals.  See 
the  engravings  by  Pine  in  his  Tapestry  Hangings  of  the  House  of  Lords  .  .  ., 
1739.  (The  portions  saved  from  the  fire  of  1835  are  at  Hampton  Court.) 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  236.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  179.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
ioJxi4im.  PL,  I3|xi5|in. 

9182  CONSEQUENCES  OF  A  SUCCESSFULL  FRENCH  INVA- 
SION.  N"  III.  Plate  2d— I 

London.  Pu¥  March  i'^  1798,  by  J'  Gillray,  27  S*  James's  Street — 
Price  6'^ — Colourd  i'^  ^^ 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  The  title  continues: 
Me  teach  de  English  Republicans  to  work. — Scene.  A  Ploughed  Field.  Beneath 
the  title  is  etched  on  a  separate  plate:  Description — A  Row  of  English  People 
in  Tatters,  and  wooden  Shoes,  hoeing  a  Field  of  Garlic.  A  tall  raw-boned 
Frenchman,  with  a  long  Queue  behind,  like  a  Negro  Driver  with  a  long 
Waggoner's  Whip  in  each  Hand,  walking  by  their  side.  The  People  very 
sulky,  but  tolerably  obedient  &  tractable  for  so  short  a  Time;  John  Bull  being 
a  bad  Lad  only  when  you  are  very  good  to  him.  The  Group  of  the  hoers  are, 
a  Husbandman,  his  Wife,  a  Manufacturer,  a  Curate,  &  an  Old  man ; — in 
another  Part  of  the  Field  [middle  distance,  1.],  four  other  English  people,  a 
Father  &  Son  (Husbandmen)  with  two  Seamen,  in  a  Yoke,  drawing  a  Plough  ; 
a  French  Farmer  guiding  it  with  one  Harui,  &  with  the  other  flourishing  & 
cracking  a  French  Postillion's  long  Whip  ;  a  French  Boy  walking  by  the  side 
of  the  Yoke  with  a  Goad,  which  has  a  Point  as  sharp  as  a  Needle,  the  French 
Hoe-driver  gives  his  Instructions  thus:  *  ^Jacques  Roast-Beef,  hoe  straight, 
deep,  quick  &  rest  not." — The  Instructions  of  the  French  Holder  of  the  Plough 
are — "Monsieur  John  Bull  mon  Ami",  (in  English)  My  Friend,  M^  John 
Bull,  pull  hard,  plough  deep,  trot  quick,  turn  sudden,  &  rest  not," — A 
Messager  d'Etat,  (in  English)  a  Messenger  of  State  in  his  Habit  of  Office,  with 
a  Letter  in  his  Hand,  comes  to  hurry  on  the  work  for  the  Exigencies  of  War. — 
In  another  part  of  the  Plate  [1.]  stand  the  Farm  Offices;  a  vast  oak,  withered, 
above  them, — A  Caldron  boiling,  on  which  is  engraved.  Soup  Maigre,  with 
a  stack  of  Onions  &  Turnips  close  by  it.  On  a  large  Board  is  painted — 
"Regulations  of  this  Farm, — ["At  Five  o'clock  in  the  Morning  the  Hogs  &" 
English  Slaves  are  \  "to  be  fed;  at  Twelve  o' Clock  at  Night  they  are  to  be 
supper ed,  \"&  littered  up  with  the  best  Straw  that  the  Scotch  &  Irish  part  | 
"of  the  Slaves  can  steal  from  the  neighbouring  Farms,  &  then  |  "locked  up. 
But  there  are  Holes  in  the  Bottom  of  the  Walls  \  "for  the  Hogs  to  go  out,  & 
get  the  Benefit  of  Fresh  Air. —  |  "Punishment  of  Laziness,  for  the  first  Offence, 
five  hundred  \  "Lashes;  for  the  second,  the  Guillotine.  All  other  Crimes, 
ex  I  "-cept  those  which  affect  Frenchmen,  are  forgiven  on  Promise  \  "of  Amend- 
ment."— A  Ballad  is  lying  on  the  Ground  in  the  English  Language,  entitled, 

'  Signature  as  No.  9180. 

^  The  's'^'  added  to  the  coloured  impression,  Gillray's  name  scored  through  as 
on  No.  9180. 

428 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1798 

"Recantation  of  British  \  &  Irish  Republican  Husbandmen  &  Manufacturers. 
— The  Burden  of  the  Song  is — "Oh,  England,  England!  |  "King,  Wife,  Sons 
&  Daughters  of  our  King,  of  \  "whom  the  Sons  are  all  brave,  &  the  Daughters 
I  "all  beautiful:  Parliament  &  Judges,  who  covered  \  "us  with  Blessings,  which 
are  repaid  with  Reproaches.  \  "Clergy  who  taught  us  to  die  as  well  as  to  live  for 
I  "our  country — Landaff,  Landaff. — Nobles  &  \  "Squires  in  whose  Hospitality 
&  Bounty  we  shared. —  |  "*S'  Vincents  &  Duncans.  Merchants,  Master 
Manufacturer[s]  \  "who  lived  as  simply  as  ourselves,  but  both  of  us  well;  "how 
could  we  forget  you?  You  would  not  have  de-  |  "serted  us;  but  we  deserted 
you. — But  with  the  same  \  "Weapons  which  should  have  defended  you,  we 
will  I  "punish  ourselves.  We  despise  Life,  we  could  submit  to  \  "Misfortune, 
but  cannot  bear  the  Consciousness  of  \  "not  having  stood  or  fallen  with  you. 
Oh  England,  \  "England,  Country  of  every  Bliss,  for  ever  farewell!  [Dal- 
rymple,  op.  cit.,  pp.  5-6,  33-5.] 

The  hoe-driver  stands  on  the  1.  of  the  Hne  of  hoers  (r.),  who  advance 
diagonally.  The  husbandman  is  a  fat  John  Bull,  his  wife  a  comely  woman. 
Beyond  the  'old  man'  is  a  fifth  man  on  the  extreme  r.  Gillray  has  added 
in  the  foreground  a  ragged  hoer  suspiciously  like  Fox,  cf.  No.  9180,  &c. 
The  four  men  yoked  to  the  plough  do  not  resemble  seamen.  The  print 
otherwise  follows  the  description;  the  'Messager  d'etat'  is  dressed  exactly 
as  in  No.  9213.  All  the  Englishmen  wear  large  wooden  shoes,  emblems  of 
servitude. 

See  No.  9180.  Watson,  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  is  associated  with  Duncan 
and  St.  Vincent  (cf.  No.  9160)  for  his  Address  to  the  People  of  Great  Britain, 
20  Jan.  1798,  which  rapidly  went  through  fourteen  editions;  it  maintained 
that  the  vigorous  prosecution  of  the  war  was  inevitable.  Anecdotes  of  the 
life  of  Richard  Watson,  1817,  pp.  301-4  (cf.  No.  9240). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  236  (reproduction).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  181. 
London  und  Paris,  i,  1798,  pp.  23-4.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.   Repro- 
duced, Broadley,  i.  112. 
lof  X  14I  in.  Two  plates,  i6Jx  15I  in. 

9182  A  A  copy.  Sir  John  Dalrymple  Inv^  J,  Gillray  del^,  faces  p.  159  of 
The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 

6i6X8|in.   With  border,  7I X  9i  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

9183  CONSEQUENCES    OF    A    SUCCESSFULL    FRENCH    IN- 
VASION. No  VI.  Plate  I't—' 

London,  Pu¥  March  6'*  1798,  by  J'  Gillray,  27  S^  James's  Street. 
Price  6^ — Coloured  r^jS^^ 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  The  title  continues: 
We  fly  on  the  Wings  of  the  Wind  to  save  the  Irish  Catholics  from  Persecution. 
— Scene.  The  Front  of  a  Popish  Chapel.  Beneath  the  title:  Description.  A 
Priest  driven  out  of  his  Chapel,  A  French  Soldier  trampling  on  Crucifixes 
&  Mitres,  another  kicking  the  Priest,  a  Gracefull  Old  Man;  &  a  third  stab- 
bing him  with  a  Dagger  behind:  A  "Membre  de  la  haute  Cour  de  Justice" 
(in  English  a  Member  of  the  high  Court  of  Justice,  in  his  habit  of  Office,  who 
has  learnt  to  speak  the  English  Language  well,  by  going  much  to  the  Play- 
House,  (having  been  long  a  Player  himself,)  says  in  the  words  of  Othello — 

'  Signature  as  No.  9180. 

*  The  price  has  been  erased  from  the  uncoloured  impression;  on  the  other  '6''' 
appears  to  have  been  altered  to  '8^'. 

429 


CATALOGUE  OF   POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

"Good,  I  "very  Good,  the  Justice,  of  it  pleases,  even  on  the  \  "Stage  of  his  own 
Imposition," — and  it  is  \  "thus,  that,  the  Gratitude  of  the  French  Republic 
"always  pays  Three  Favours  for  One." —  [Dalrymple,  op.  cit.,  p.  37.] 

Two  ferocious  soldiers  wearing  jack-boots  pull  and  push  the  priest  (in 
lace-trimmed  cotta)  from  the  door  of  a  gothic  church  (r.).  A  third  jumps 
on  a  Bible  and  crucifix,  part  of  a  pile  of  crosier,  mitre,  chalice,  censer  (still 
burning),  &c.  On  the  cross  which  surmounts  the  door  is  a  Phrygian  cap 
of  Liberte.  From  a  niche  inscribed  Ecce  Homo  a  crucifix  has  been  torn, 
leaving  only  a  crown  of  thorns  and  a  skull  and  cross-bones.  In  the  corre- 
sponding niche  is  a  headless  figure  of  Sante  Marie,  clasping  a  headless 
infant,  burlesqued  (in  Gillray's  manner  when  dealing  with  emblems  of 
'Popery',  cf.  No.  6026).  On  the  1.  the  'Member  of  the  high-court'  walks 
past  with  folded  arms,  looking  sideways  with  a  sinister  glare  at  the  out- 
rage.  He  wears  the  draperies  and  cap  of  No.  9209. 

See  No.  9180.  Dalrymple  wrote  to  Gillray  (n.d.):  'The  Irish  Roman 
Catholic  one  is  excellently  executed  &  will  do  Good  in  Ireland  in  opening 
the  eyes  of  these  poor  people.  I  shall  send  it  there.'  B.M.  Add.  MSS. 
27337,  fo-  20.  On  6  Mar.  he  asked  for  six  copies  of  'the  Popish  Engraving' 
with  which  to  try  to  obtain  Treasury  support  for  the  undertaking.  Ibid., 
fo.  22.   Cf.  No.  8979. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  236.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  180.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.    Reproduced,  Wheeler  and  Broadley,  i.  140. 
ii|xi4f  in. 

9184  LORD  LONGBOW,  THE  ALARMIST,  DISCOVERING  THE 
MISERIES  OF  IRELAND;— 

y^ovd.  &f 

Pub  March  12^^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey,  27  S*  James's  Street  Price 
r^  plain — 2**  Col^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  title  continues:  with  the  puffing  out 
of  the  little  farthing  Rush-light,  &  y  story  of  Moll  Coggin.  Lord  Moira, 
in  regimentals,  stands  stiffly  in  profile  to  the  1.  on  the  edge  of  a  headland ; 
in  his  r.  hand  is  an  unstrung  long-bow,  much  taller  than  himself.  Across 
the  water  (1.)  is  a  fantastic  night-scene  in  Ireland.  Two  soldiers  by  the 
waterside  are  seated  over  a  large  dish  containing  an  infant  which  one  is 
carving.  The  other,  his  hand  on  a  barrel  of  Whiskey,  drains  the  contents 
of  a  skull ;  human  bones  lie  beside  them.  A  little  drummer  beats  his  drum 
with  bones.  A  soldier  siezes  a  woman  and  is  about  to  stab  her  with  his 
bayonet.  Behind  this  group  a  ( ?)  woman  is  suspended  by  one  wrist  from 
three  gigantic  spears  forming  a  tripod.  Beside  them  (r.)  is  a  thatched 
cottage  with  a  figure  in  distress  just  discernible  through  the  door  and  with 
a  lighted  candle  in  the  window.  At  this  candle  Moira  is  directing  a  blast 
(resembling  a  searchlight)  from  his  pursed-up  lips.  On  a  cliff  above  the 
cottage  a  man  supports  in  his  arms  a  huge  oak,  in  whose  branches  are 
many  swans,  some  of  which  fly  away  to  the  r.  Three  frightened  cows 
gallop  off.  Through  the  air,  between  Moira  and  the  tree,  gallops  (r.  to  1.) 
a  ram  on  which  sits  an  old  witch  holding  up  a  broom  supporting  a  bonnet- 
rouge  ;  in  her  r.  hand  she  flourishes  a  bunch  of  serpents,  emblem  of  discord 
or  sedition.  In  the  sky  (r.)  behind  Moira's  head  is  a  full  moon  with  a 
grinning  face  which  illuminates  a  semicircle  of  clouds  surrounding  Moira's 

'  The  price  has  been  erased  from  another  impression  and  replaced  by  'London  * 
in  pen. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

head,  its  reflection  making  a  broad  path  on  the  sea.  Beneath  the  title  is 
etched  in  three  columns:  — "O/t,  my  Lords,  a  Man  who  walks  Erect,  like 
me,  can  plainly  discover,  that  \  "the  Tyranny  of  the  Curfew,  is  revived  in  its 
full  extent  in  the  North  of  Ireland;  \  "I  see  the  Lights  &  Fires  in  all  the 
Houses,  extinguished  by  9  o'Clock,  &  the  |  "whole  body  of  United- Irishmen 
obliged  to  find  their  way  to  bed  in  the  \  "dark! — ah,  my  Lords!  there's  one 
case,  which  I  plainly  beheld,  of  the  \  "horrors  attending  on  the  vile  system  of 
Coercion; — see,  see,  how  the  bar-  \  "barous  Soldiery  are  putting  out  the  Candle 
in  a  Home  where  a  Child  has  \  "just  taken  ill  of  convulsive  fits  in  the  houping 
Cough; — look  how  the  unhappy  \  "Father  remonstrates  against  the  cruel  order, 
don't  you  see,  my  Lords,  how  \  "the  distracted  Mother  on  her  knees,  requests 
permission  to  continue  the  \  "Rush  Light? — do  you  think  my  Lords,  that  all 
this  scene  of  Distress  \"is  merely  the  Chimera  of  my  own  disordered  Ideas? 
or  that  my  Intellects  \  "are  disorganised  because  y^  Moon's  at  the  full? — ah, 
no! — if  you  have  any  \  "perception,  do  but  look  &  be  convinced  of  the  truth; 
behold  how  the  feel  \  "-ing  &  pathetic  remonstrance  of  the  Parent  is  rejected, 
the  house  is  \  "broken  into,  &  the  Rush-light  blown  out! — O  cruel  &  barbarous 
Insult!!!  I  "O  Ireland!  Ireland! — unhappy  Country!  what  \  "oppressions  art 
thou  doonCd  to  suffer,  Irish  Men  \  "dragged  to  Goal  only  for  keeping  Daggers 
in  I  "their  Houses  to  defend  themselves;  &  Impri-  |  "soned.  Picketed  &  Shot, 
merely  because  assas-  |  -"sinating  Soldiers  were  found  Hock' d,  or  |  "drowned 
in  the  Liffey! — Irish  Women  torn  \  "from  their  families,  &  Ravish' d  to  gratify 
Bri-  I  "-tish  Sensuality! — &  Irish  Children  devour'd  \  "alive,  to  satisfy  their 
carnivorous  appetites!!!  |  " — zvill  any  one  deny  this  statement,  my  Lords?  | 
"or  controvert  the  facts  which  I  have  seen  zvith  \  "my  own  Eyes? — why,  the 
incredulous  might  as  \  "well  deny  the  existance  of  Moll  Coggin,  \  "the  cele- 
brated Irish-Enchantress,  with  whom  \  "my  Father,  as  well  as  myself,  have 
had  such  \  "frequent  Conversations ; — as  well,  my  Lords,  my  having  seen  her 
riding  \  "upon  a  Black-Ram,  with  a  Blue  Tail;  or  that  when  I  endeavoured 
to  Fire  at  her  \  "thaty  Gun  melted  in  my  hand  into  a  clear  Jelly: — the  noble 
Lords  may  Laugh,  |  "but  I  declare  y^  facts  upon  my  Veracity, — &,  that  I 
pursued  this  fiend,  into  my  \  "Ale  cellar,  where  she  rode  instantly  into  the 
bung-hole  of  a  beer-barrel:  some  \  "time  after,  my  servants  found  the  Ale  full 
of  Blue  hairs,  I  was  not  surprised,  as  1 1  "knew,  that  the  blue  hairs  were  the 
hairs  of  the  Ram's  blue  Tail: — noble  Lords  may  |  "stare,  but  the  fact  is  as 
I  relate  it — this  Moll  Coggin,  was  the  fiend  who  raised  the  Oak-  \  -"boys  to 
Rebellion: — /  was  also  acquainted  with  the  two  Cow  boys,  mention' d  Iry  my 
Father,  [  "they  were  my  Tenants,  &  were  certainly  endowed  with  super- 
natural powers,  I  have  I  "known  one  of  them  Tear  up  by  the  roots,  an  Oak, 
two  hundred  foot  high,  &  bear  it  up-  \  "-right  on  his  head  four  Miles;  his 
party  were  on  that  account  called  Oak-boys: —  |  "noble  Lords  may  Laugh, 
but  I  speak  from  certain  knowledge,  y  Oak  Tree  grew  in  j  "my  Garden,  & 
I  have  often  seen  five  hundred  Swans  perching  on  its  boughs:  these  \  "Swans 
were  very  remarkable  for  devouring  all  the  Snipes  of  y^  Country,  they  flew  | 
"faster  than  any  Snipe  I  ever  saw,  &  the  Snipes  could  not  resist  their  Talons: 
— /  hope  my  Lords  |  "you  will  excuse  this  digression,  &c  &c  &c 

Above  the  design:  "He  had  it  from  his  Father,  who  would  tell  you  Fifty 
in  a  breath — ay,  &  tell  them, — 'till  he  believ'd  them  all  himself." 

An  illustration  to  Ellis's  'Ode  to  Lord  Moira',  Anti-Jacobin,  No.  xi  (not 
in  I  St  edition);  verse  2  begins: 

But  still,  howe'er  you  draw  your  bow, 

Your  charms  improve,  your  triumphs  grow,  .  .  . 

431 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Moira  is  ridiculed  for  his  offer  to  form  an  administration  from  which  both 
Pitt  and  Fox  should  be  excluded,  made  in  a  letter  to  McMahon,  15  June 
1797,  and  published  in  the  Morning  Chronicle,  2  Jan.  1798  (printed  Pari. 
Hist,  xxxiii.  1210-15).  See  Cornwallis  Corr.  ii.  331 ;  Lady  Holland's  Journal, 
i.  165  f.  His  speech  to  the  English  House  of  Commons  on  22  Nov.  1797 
(see  No.  9194)  is  burlesqued;  in  this  he  instanced  the  curfew,  and  a  request 
(refused)  'to  keep  a  candle  alight,  for  his  child  was  in  convulsive  fits  .  .  .' 
{Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  1060).  A  speech  in  the  Irish  House  of  Lords,  19  Feb. 
1798  (reported  in  the  English  papers),  is  also  ridiculed;  it  was  an  attack 
on  the  English  Cabinet  and  the  Irish  Government,  but  also  a  plea  for 
conciliation  and  an  exculpation  of  the  Army,  and  as  such  it  was  denounced 
by  Wolfe  Tone,  Memoirs,  ii.  278-81.  A  certain  pompous  egotism  character- 
ized the  speeches.  The  passage  about  Moll  Coggin  is  said  to  derive  from 
an  attack  on  Moira 's  father  in  The  Batchelor  (1769),  a  Dublin  periodical 
in  opposition  to  Baratariana  (see  Nos.  5133,  5134),  but  it  has  not  been 
traced  in  the  two  volumes  in  the  B.M.L.  See  also  Nos.  9189,  9240,  9282, 
9340,  9386,  9416. 

The  original  design  in  pencil  by  an  amateur  (much  altered  and  elabo- 
rated by  Gillray)  is  in  the  Print  Room.  Moira  stands  stiffly,  his  hand  on 
a  stick ;  a  blast  from  his  mouth  strikes  a  candle  in  a  cottage  window.  The 
other  figures  are  absent,  but  in  the  background  (r.)  is  a  centaur,  drawing 
a  bow.  The  title  is  'Lord  Longbow,  the  man  who  walks  erect',  and  there 
are  pencil  directions,  almost  obliterated,  one  for  a  'witch  in  y«  air  on  a 
black  ram'.   Size  42^X7^  in.  (201.  c.  6/28). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  237.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  182.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.    Reproduced,  Poetry  of  the  Anti-Jacobin,  ed.  C.  Edwards,  1890, 
p.  78. 
9i|xi5in. 

9184  A  A  reduced  copy,  etched  by  G.  Cruikshank  for  a  volume  which 
Hone  intended  to  publish  in  defence  of  his  Political  Litany  and  other 
pamphlets,  for  which  he  was  tried  and  acquitted  in  Dec.  1817.  Reid, 
No.  712. 

3|X4i|in. 

9185  THE  HONEST  TARS  AND  MARINES  OF  THE  ARGONAUT. 

210 

Published  12  March  lygS.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  One  of  the  series  of  'Drolls'.  Sailors  on  a  ship's  deck  crowded 
round  a  large  tub,  bottom  up,  on  which  they  fling  coins.  They  cheer, 
waving  their  hats.  One  with  a  large  tankard  takes  the  hand  of  a  military 
officer  ( ?  Sergeant  of  Marines)  on  the  extreme  r.  Among  them  is  an  officer 
with  a  purse;  a  boatswain  blows  his  whistle. 

On  the  mast  are  posted  songs:  God  save  the  King  and  Rule  Britannia. 
Beneath  the  design :  Contributing  Nobly  against  the  Enemies  of  Old  England 
with  the  Original  Letter  Addressed  to  their  Commander  Lieutenant  P.  Hue. 
"Argonaut,  Jany  31^^  1798-  \  Sir,  \  "We  the  Seamen  and  Marines  of  his 
Majesty's  Ship  Argonaut,  under  your  command,  desire  to  give  10^  each  man 
out  of  our  wages,  to  drive  before  us  into  the  sea  all  French  \  scoundrels,  and 
other  blackguards  that  wouM  take  their  parts"  \  We  are  \  Your  faithful  ser- 

432 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

vents  I  "John  Mitchell,  Boatswain's  Mate,  for  Self  and  Ships  Company.  \ 
"Alex.  Hean,  Serjeant  for  Self  and  Party  \ .  "God  save  the  King. 

A  belated  echo  of  the  naval  mutiny,  see  No.  9021,  &c.   The  Argonaut, 
a  French  prize,  was  a  Third  Rate  of  64  guns,  the  commander  Lieut.  P.  Hue. 
Royal  Kalendar,  1798,  p.  108. 
6fX9f  in. 

9186  EFFUSIONS  OF  THE  HEART ;"— OR— "LYING- JACK  THE 
BLACKSMITH  AT  CONFESSION, 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  March  13,  1798,  by  Lying  Jack, — Price  6^  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Philanthropic  Society — ^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Below  the  title:  Scene.  Bozo  Street — 
with  Lying  Jack  answering  a  charge  of  abuse  &  Blackguardism.  The  word 
'Blacksmith'  in  the  title  is  written  above  'Bookseller',  which  is  scored 
through  but  conspicuously  legible.  The  three  Bow  Street  Justices  sit  at  a 
rectangular  table  (1.) ;  Addington  in  the  chair,  the  scales  of  Justice,  evenly 
balanced,  above  his  head;  on  his  r.  and  on  the  extreme  1.,  Bond(?)  is 
writing:  Wright.  W.  against  [?].  .  .  .  The  third  sits  resting  his  chin  on  his 
hands,  which  are  supported  on  the  head  of  his  cane ;  he  gazes  fixedly  at 
the  culprit.  'Lying- Jack'  stands  in  a  rectangular  pen  formed  of  posts  and 
rails  immediately  in  front  of  the  justices,  his  elbows  resting  on  the  rail,  his 
hands  clasped,  his  knees  bent,  tears  falling.  He  says :  Oh!  God  dang  it, — 
your  Worship,  do  take  bail,  your  Honor  tw'ant  my  fault  please  your  Majesty, 
that  I  cotrCd  the  Black-guard  over  him: — God  dang  it,  didn't  he  say  that  his 
thing  was  printed  before  mine?  &  that  all  my  things  were  only  Copies  & 
piracies? — God  dang  it,  your  Worship,  Ax  Almon  y  Bookseller  if  I  was  a 
Blackguard  all  the  while  I  was  a  Porter! — or  ax  y^  people  where  I  &  Wife 
kept  a  small-coal  Cellar  in  Leather  Lane  if  I'm  a  Blackguard! — God  dang 
it,  was  I  act  like  a  Blackguard  when  I  let  that  Cooper  the  Printer,  pull  me 
by  the  Nose,  only  for  saying  he  was  a  Liar? — god  dang  it,  your  honor,  was 
it  like  a  Blackguard  when  I  offer' d  to  beg  Ridgeway's  pardon,  after  he  had 
kick'd  my  own  Arse  in  my  own  Shop? — but  I  sees  how  the  Booksellers  all 
hates  me!  &  wants  to  ruin  me! — &  says  I  lives  by  only  Copying  other  peoples 
works  your  Worship! — 'tho'  I  only  'bridges  'em! — yes  your  Worship,  they  all 
hates  me;  ©"  respires  against  me:  &  calls  me  Lying-Jack,  your  honor, — & 
Filching  Jack  the  Plagurist! — &  Stock' ee  Jack  the  Informer!  your  honor — 
ah  Gad  dang  it!  Gad  dang  it, — they'll  be  my  ruin  your  Honor!  Gad  dang 
it  Gott  damn.  .  .  .^  From  his  pocket  hangs  a  paper:  Speech  of  the  Lord 
Chan^  of  Ireland.  Beside  him,  outside  the  dock,  is  a  large  bundle  of  books 
tied  together,  the  wrapper  inscribed  Ways  &  Means;  these  are:  Sandford 
&  Merton,  G  Nicol . .  .  Abridgd  Embassy  to  China,  D.  Cox,  Piracy,  Harpers 
Pamphlet,  Philanthropic  Society.  Against  the  bundle  lies  a  porter's  knot 
(a  pad  for  the  shoulders  attached  to  a  ring  which  goes  over  the  head) 
inscribed :  Lying-Jack  his  Knot.  With  this  are  the  implements  of  a  black- 
smith: hammer,  pliers,  and  horse-shoe.  On  the  wall  behind  him  are  three 

'  According  to  a  note  on  an  impression  in  a  Gillray  collection  sold  at  Hodgson's, 
May  1936,  this  was  a  private  plate.  The  price  is  perhaps  an  expression  of  Gillray's 
exasperation  at  the  price  {6d.)  at  which  his  plates  for  Sir  J.  Dalrymple  were  issued, 
see  No.  9180.  Stockdale  can  have  had  no  professional  connexion  with  the  Philan- 
thropic Society,  whose  pamphlets  were  printed  on  their  own  premises  by  the  boys 
they  befriended. 

^  The  last  words  dwindle  into  illegibility.  / 

433  Ff 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

bills:  Lying  Jack  the  Thief  Taker;  Perjury;  Injuntion  [sic]  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery  agains  Lying  Jacks  copy,  and  a  map :  Original  Map  of  the  Island 
of  S^  Domingo  by  W.  Faden.  Charing  Cross. 

A  satire  on  John  Stockdale,  the  Piccadilly  bookseller,  the  title  taken  from 
the  poems  of  his  daughter  Mary:  'Effusions  of  the  Heart',  1798.  He  had 
originally,  it  is  said,  been  a  blacksmith  in  Cumberland ;  he  became  porter 
to  Almon  the  publisher,  and  when  Almon  retired  in  favour  of  Debrett 
he  opened  an  opposition  shop.  D.N.B.  He  was  violently  attacked  in  an 
article  illustrated  by  Rowlandson  (who  depicts  him  as  a  blacksmith),  see 
No.  6609,  in  which  Day  (author  of  Sandford  and  Merton)  is  reproached 
for  reading  his  works  to  Stockdale  before  publication;  a  quarrel  with 
Wright  (afterwards  publisher  of  the  Anti-Jacobin)  is  also  mentioned. 
Intrepid  Magazine,  W.  Hamilton,  1784,  pp.  53-6.  In  1797  G.  Nicol  pub- 
lished Sir  G.  L.  Staunton's  Authentic  Account  .  .  .  of  the  Embassy  to 
China  (cf.  No.  8121),  and  in  the  same  year  Stockdale  published  two 
editions  of  'An  Abridgment .  .  .'  of  the  'Account'.  His  connexion  with 
Ireland  is  not  mentioned  in  the  D.N.B.,  but  on  i  Mar.  1798  John  Stockdale 
of  Abbey  Street,  Dublin,  as  printer  and  owner  of  the  newspaper  the  Press^ 
(the  organ  of  the  United  Irishmen,  see  Nos.  9189,  9245,  9370)  was  sen- 
tenced by  the  Irish  House  of  Lords,  for  a  libel  on  Lord  Glentworth,  to 
a  fine  of  ;C5oo  and  6  months'  imprisonment ;  he  denied  being  printer  and 
owner.  The  Times,  5  Mar.  1798.  The  Speech  in  his  pocket  is  evidently 
that  of  Clare,  19  Feb.  1798  (printed),  attacking  Moira's  motion  against  the 
coercive  policy  of  the  Government,  and  giving  an  elaborate  account  of  the 
progress  of  disaffection.  The  implication  may  be  that  Stockdale  is  a 
Government  agent  in  Ireland.  This  print  identifies  the  Dublin  Stockdale 
with  the  Piccadilly  publisher. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  253. 
ii|X9iin. 

9187  ENGLAND  INVADED.  OR  FRENCHMEN  NATURALIZED 

Rowlandson  Delin^  &  Sculpt 

London  Pub.  March  16  lygS  at  Ackermann's  Gallery  N°  loi  Strand. 
Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  French  soldiers,  who 
have  just  landed,  are  being  bayoneted  and  ridden  down  by  English  troops. 
They  flee  in  terror-stricken  confusion.  Among  the  Englishmen  are  yokels 
with  pitchforks.  Three  Frenchmen,  dead  or  painfully  dying,  lie  in  the  fore- 
ground ;  beside  them  is  a  drum.  The  scene  is  a  grassy  slope  leading  to  the 
sea,  where  distant  ships  are  in  action  and  where  four  French  troop-carrying 
rafts,  cf.  No.  9160,  are  foundering.  Tiny  figures  flee  into  the  sea  (r.). 

Reproduced,  Wheeler  and  Broadley,  i.  86. 
io|-x  14J  in. 

9188  TREASON!!! 

Designed  &  Etch'd  by  R^  Newton 

London    Pub  by  R  Newton  at  his  Original  Print  warehouse  N°  13 

Brydges  St  Covent  Garden  March  ig  1798 
Engraving.    A  stout  M*"  Bull,  artisan  or  labourer,  capers  with  hands  on 
hips.   He  directs  a  blast  from  his  posteriors  at  a  print  of  the  King's  head 

'  Peter  Finerty,  as  proprietor  and  publisher  of  the  Press,  was  sentenced  to  two 
years'  imprisonment  for  seditious  libel  in  Dec.  1797.  State  Trials,  xxvi.  902  ff. 
The  paper  was  suppressed  on  6  Mar.  1798,  owing  to  an  article  by  Sheares 
addressed  to  Lord  Clare  as  'the  Author  of  Coercion*.   D.N.B. 

434 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

which  is  pinned  to  a  wall.  The  King,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  looks  with  angry 
astonishment  at  his  assailant,  and  the  impression  is  of  a  (caricatured)  head 
looking  through  a  window.  Bull,  with  a  grin,  looks  sideways  at  the  print. 
Pitt's  head,  much  caricatured,  projects  in  profile  from  the  1.  margin,  shout- 
ing in  dismay:  That  is  Treason  Johnny.  Behind  (1.)  is  the  sun,  partly  below 
the  horizon.  Cf.  No.  9035. 
i2jX9|in. 

9189    SEARCH-NIGHT;— OR— STATE-WATCHMEN,    MISTAK- 
ING HONEST-MEN  FOR  CONSPIRATORS.— F?We  State  Arrests. 

J'  Gy  ini^  &  fed 

Pu¥  March  20^^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  2y  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  a  bare,  poverty-stricken 
room  with  a  raftered  roof.  Pitt  and  Dundas,  as  watchmen,  batter  down 
the  upper  timbers  of  a  door  (r.)  which  has  been  strongly  bolted,  locked, 
and  barricaded.  Both  have  long  staves,  Pitt  holds  up  a  lantern.  The  occu- 
pants hide  or  flee,  except  Lord  Moira,  who  stands  stiffly  in  profile  to  the 
r.  on  the  extreme  1.,  his  crisped  fingers  outspread  deprecatingly,  dis- 
associating himself  from  his  companions  (cf.  No.  9184);  he  wears  regi- 
mentals with  a  cocked  hat.  A  heavy  but  ragged  cloth  covers  a  rectangular 
table  in  the  middle  of  the  room,  on  which  are  ink-pot  and  papers :  a  Plan 
of  Invasion  with  a  map  of  France  and  Ireland.  This  lies  across  a  paper 
signed  yours  O' Conner.  A  dark-lantern  stands  on  the  open  pages  of  the 
Proceedings  of  the  London  Correspojiding  Society.  An  office  stool  has  been 
overturned.  Prone  under  the  table,  their  heads  and  shoulders  draped  by 
the  cloth,  are  (1.  to  r.):  Home  Tooke,  Nicoll,  and  Tierney.  Fox  and 
Sheridan  escape  up  a  ladder  to  a  trap-door  in  the  roof;  the  latter  still  has 
one  foot  on  the  floor.  Between  ladder  and  wall  (1.)  is  an  iron-bound  chest 
filled  with  daggers;  more  daggers  are  heaped  on  the  floor:  beneath  them 
are  two  papers :  The  Press  (the  organ  of  the  United  Irishmen,  started  by 
O'Connor,  see  No.  9186)  and  Bloody  News  from  Ireland  Bloody  News 
Bloody  News;  this  lies  across  a  paper  signed  Munchausen  (cf.  No.  9184). 
The  Duke  of  Norfolk  is  timorously  waiting  his  turn  to  escape  by  the  wide 
chimney,  up  which  Bedford  is  disappearing;  the  latter  is  identified  by  a 
paper  hanging  from  his  pocket:  Bedford  Dog  Kennel.  A  large  fire  burns 
in  the  grate,  on  the  bar  of  which  Bedford  puts  his  foot.  Across  the  chimney 
is  scrawled  Vive  VEgalite,  on  either  side  of  a  bonnet-rouge.  Above  it  are 
prints,  bust-portraits  oi  Buonapart  and  Robertspier.  On  the  r.  is  a  casement 
window  showing  a  night  sky  and  the  turrets  of  the  White  Tower.  Below 
it  is  hung  a  broadside  headed  by  a  guillotine  and  the  words  Vive  la  Guillo- 
tin.  In  the  comer  of  the  room  (r.)  is  a  pile  of  bonnets-rouges.  In  the  fore- 
ground rats  scamper  towards  a  large  hole  in  the  ramshackle  floor.  Beside 
them  are  papers :  Assignats  and  Plan  for  raising  United  Irishmen. 

On  27  Feb.  1798  O'Connor,  O'Coigley,  Binns,  and  two  others  were 
arrested  in  Margate  when  about  to  embark  for  France  to  urge  (on  behalf 
of  the  United  Irishmen)  the  prompt  dispatch  of  an  invading  fleet  to  Ireland 
(see  Nos.  9244,  9245).  Binns  was  a  leading  member  of  the  London 
Corresponding  Society.  The  important  arrest  was  due  to  Pitt's  secret 
service,  which  had  information  from  Hamburg  of  the  Franco-Irish  plans. 
W.  J.  Fitzpatrick,  Secret  Service  under  Pitt,  1892,  pp.  15-23;  Rose,  Pitt 
and  the  Great  War,  191 1,  pp.  349-51;  Memoirs  of  Wolfe  Tone,  1827,  ii. 
283-5.    Other  members  of  the   London  Corresponding  Society  were 

435 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

arrested  on  15  Mar.  and  examined  before  the  Privy  Council.  Lond. 
Chron.,  17  Mar.  One  of  many  prints  in  which  the  leaders  of  the 
Opposition  are  depicted  as  revolutionaries.  For  the  Corresponding  Society 
see  B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27808,  2781 1-17,  Veitch,  Genesis  of  Parliamentary 
Reform,  1913,  pp.  iQi  ff.,  and  Nos.  8424,  8500,  8507,  8624,  8664,  8685, 
9039,  9191,  9194,  9202,  9230,  9242,  9258,  9270,  9341,  9369. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  238.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  184.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9^X13!  in. 

9189  A  A  copy  (coloured)  y.  Gy  inv  &  fee*  [sic],  is  pi.  N°  IV.  to  London 
und  Paris,  i,  1798.   Explanatory  text,  pp.  195-204. 

6x8fin.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9190  JOHN  BULL  CONSULTING  THE  ORACLE! 

London  Pu¥  by  W  Holland  N  50  Oxford  S*  March  20*^  1798. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull  kneels  in  profile  to  the  1.,  clutch- 
ing his  hat  and  gaping  in  bewildered  terror  at  a  monstrous  head,  also  in 
profile,  which  roars  at  him :  Radical  Reform — or  Ruin!  Destruction  Debt! 
Misery!  Poverty!  Slavery!  Oppression!  Loss  of  Liberty!!  Property!  Religion 
— think  of  your  Religion  Johnny!!  The  head  is  that  of  Fox,  caricatured, 
with  exaggerated  bushy  eyebrows,  hairy  chin  and  throat,  and  short  tousled 
hair.  It  wears  a  bonnet-rouge  with  an  elaborate  tricolour  cockade.  John 
is  a  plainly  dressed  tradesman  or  mechanic  with  ill-fitting  wig.  He  ex- 
claims: Mercy  on  us — how  he  does  roar  it  away.  I  never  was  in  such  a  fright 
in  all  my  born  days — this  is  worse  than  the  assessed  Taxes!! 

Fox  defended  his  statement  'that  a  radical  reform  .  .  .  together  with  a 
complete  and  fundamental  change  of  system  of  administration  must  take 
place  .  .  .'  in  a  debate  on  the  Assessed  Tgxes  Bill.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  1229 
(4  Jan.  1798).  One  of  many  caricatures  of  Fox  as  a  Jacobin.  For  the 
Assessed  Taxes  see  No.  9043,  &c.  For  John  Bull  distracted  by  alarmists 
cf.  No.  8 141. 
I3|xi9|in. 

9191  THE  BEDFORDSHIRE  HANNIBAL  TAKING  THE  OATH 
OF  ETERNAL  ENMITY!!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N  50  Oxford  S''  March  the  2f^  1798. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of  Bedford,  handsome  in 
Roman  armour,  and  wearing  a  wreath  of  olive,  stands  in  profile  to  the  1. 
before  a  small  Altar  of  Reform.  His  cap  of  Liberty  (in  which  is  an  olive 
branch)  and  his  1.  hand  are  placed  on  the  altar;  his  r.  arm  is  raised  as  he 
takes  an  oath :  /  vow  an  eternal  enmity  to  their  system — and  if  ever  it  shall 
be  found  that  I  join  in  their  measures,  may  the  execration  and  detestation  of 
the  world  be  my  lot — and  may  the  Creator  shower  down  his  curses  on  my  head 
for  my  apostacyH!  Round  him  stand  his  officers:  Fox  (r.)  in  tattered  shirt, 
breeches,  and  waistcoat,  with  sleeves  rolled  up  and  clenched  fist,  listens 
eagerly  as  if  ready  for  immediate  action.  Sheridan  and  the  Duke  of  Norfolk 
stand  sanctimoniously  (l.);the  former  in  open  shirt  and  ragged  breeches, 
his  hands  clasped,  says  amen',  the  latter,  plainly  dressed  and  holding  an 
open  book,  echoes  amen  amen',  his  cap  of  Liberty  rests  on  his  book  (cf. 
No.  9168,  &c.).   Fox  and  Sheridan  wear  similar  caps,  all  with  tricolour 

436 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

cockades.  In  the  background,  1.  and  r.,  behind  a  low  barrier,  are  serried 
masses  of  corresponding  choiresters,  all  wearing  caps  of  Liberty,  who  chant 
amen  amen  [&c.]. 

Probably  a  satire  on  Bedford's  motion  for  an  address  to  the  King  to 
change  his  ministers,  followed  by  the  protest  against  its  rejection.  Pari. 
Hist,  xxxiii.  13 13  ff.  (21  Mar.).  In  this  debate  Lord  Mulgrave  asserted 
that  'the  head  of  the  Corresponding  Society  and  the  head  of  the  Whig  Club 
(Mr.  Fox  and  Mr.  Home  Tooke)'  had  solemnly  engaged  to  act  together' 
(p.  1338).  Bedford  refused  to  answer  the  absurd  allegations  of  'mysterious 
enigmatical  connexion  with  the  Corresponding  Society'  (p.  1352).  See 
No.  9189,  &c.  Cf.  No.  9178. 
11x15!  in. 

9192  THE  SEDITION  HUNTER  DISAPPOINTED— OR— D G 

BY  WINCHESTER  MEASURE. 

[PAnsell.] 

Pu¥  April  2^  1798  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  a  court  of  law,  evidently 
Winchester  assizes.  Counsel  sit  behind  a  concave  barrier,  the  judge  sits 
in  the  centre  behind  and  above  them,  the  scales  of  Justice  evenly  balanced 

above  his  head.   He  says:  if  a  Man  is  disposed  to  D n  he  may  as  well 

D n  M^  P as  any  body  else.   In  the  foreground  stand  five  farmers 

or  countrymen,  with  one  more  fashionably  dressed  man  who  straddles 
across  a  paper  which  lies  on  the  ground:  Information  against  Nicola^s] 
Ploughsha[re]y  turning  his  head  angrily  to  a  fat  farmer  who  asks:  do  you 
hear  that  Informer  D  .  .  .  M'  P  .  .  .  D  .  .  .  M'  P  .  .  .  D  .  .  .  M'  P  .  .  . 

The  informer  answers:  as  its  lawfull  for  a  Man  to  D who  he  pleases 

I  say  D the  Judge  I  say  D the  Judge  D the  Judge.  The  other 

countrymen,  highly  delighted,  stand  in  pairs  to  r.  and  1.  of  the  disputants. 
One  (1.),  wearing  a  smock  under  his  coat,  says:  ha  ha  D  .  .  .  M^  P .  .  . 
Neighbour  and  is  answered  D .  . .  en  zo  I  zay.  Another  (r.)  says  to  the 
informer:  /  zay  Friend  D  .  .  .  M"  P  .  .  .  D  .  .  .  M'  P  .  .  .  I  zay.  His 
neighbour  says  zo  I  zay  D  . . .  Af  P . .  . .  A  group  of  men  in  a  box  raised 
above  the  level  of  the  court,  partly  visible  on  the  1.  ( ?  the  jury),  agree 

between  themselves :  D M  P  .  .  . ;  Yes  Yes ;  O  Yes  with  all  my  Heart ; 

aye  aye. 

The  print  evidently  relates  to  one  John  Lovelace,  a  carpenter  at  Portsea, 
who  brought  an  action  for  assault  and  false  imprisonment  against  a  magis- 
trate (Curry),  tried  at  Winchester  Lent  Assizes,  1798.  On  6  June  1797 
Lovelace  had  been  brought  before  Curry  by  a  constable  for  having  'damned 
Mr.  Pitt  and  the  war',  in  a  public  house  before  soldiers:  'he  said  because 
men  had  been  tried  to  be  hanged  for  what  Mr.  Pitt  and  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond had  done'  (i.e.  urged  parliamentary  reform),  and  that  'tenpence  out 
of  twelvepence  were  paid  for  taxes'.  After  being  kept  in  Bridewell  for  one 
night  he  was  discharged  on  bail  and  bound  over  to  appear  at  the  next 
assizes.  On  returning  home  he  was  dangerously  mobbed,  rescued  by  the 
constables,  and  locked  up  for  his  own  safety  and  at  his  own  request.  At 
the  next  sessions  one  of  the  mob  was  sentenced  to  three  months'  imprison - 

'  Tooke  did  not  belong  to  the  Corresponding  Society,  but  there  had  been  some 
co-operation  between  his  Society  for  Constitutional  Information  and  the  Corre- 
sponding Society. 

437 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

ment  and  the  case  against  Lovelace  was  thrown  out  by  the  Grand  Jury 
(he  had  said  nothing  against  the  King  and  the  Constitution).  His  action 
for  assault  was  dismissed  with  some  remarks  by  Baron  Perryn.  A  subse- 
quent motion  in  the  King's  Bench  (14  May)  for  a  new  trial  was  refused 
on  technical  grounds  (Dumford  and  East,  vii.  631).  Annual  Hampshire 
Repository,  i,  1798,  pp.  90-2, 
9jXi3jin. 

9193  THE  ARMS  EMBLAZONED  OF  THE  NEW  ENLIGHTENED 
TRADING  FRATERNITY  OF  OBSTETRIC,  PHARMACEUTIC, 
VETERINARIAN,  BARBERIAN,  MAGNETIC  CHIRURGEONS, 

Publish' d  as  the  Act  directs  April  6.  lygS  by  W  Brown  King  S^ 

Engraving.  A  burlesque  escutcheon  for  the  (abortive)  College  of  Surgeons. 
The  title  continues :  duly  instituted  by  the  Nation  in  the  first  Year  of  the 

British  Republic,  one  and  indivisible.  The  supporters  are,  dexter,  theZ) of 

B D  [Bedford],  sinister,  Tom  Paine.  The  former  holds  his  decapitated 

head,  saying:  Ah  well  a  day  my  Cropt  Head.  Beside  him  are  two  books: 
Age  of  Reason  and  Sporting  Cal.  Paine  points  at  Bedford  derisively,  saying: 
So  much  for  Ducal  Patriotism.  Beside  him  are  two  books :  Rights  of  Man 
(see  No.  7867,  &c.)  and  Rights  of  Surgeons.  Each  holds  a  Tree  of  Liberty. 
The  escutcheon  rests  on  corpses  and  skulls,  which  are  supported  by  the 
motto :  Quce  nocent  omnibus  artes.  The  arms  are  described :  Arms.  Quarterly 
J**  Gules,  a  Forceps  and  Foetus  proper  for  Midwifery,  2^  and  3^'^  Or,  three 
Glister  Bags  &  pipes  foecant  andapestle  &  Mortar  Argent  for  Pharmacy. — 4^^ 
three  Horse  shoes  in  a  field  Vert,  for  Farriery.  The  Escutcheon  of  pretence 
for  the  new  Surgeons.  Viz.  Gules,  a  lately  converted  Instrument  for  performing 
Amputations  [a  guillotine]. 

Crest.  The  Head  of  a  furious  Animal  calVd  a  Hurlo  Thrumbo,  issuing 
rampant  from  an  Apothecarys  Mortar  with  a  Barbers  pole  red  rag,  and 
porringer  [see  No.  9092]  in  his  Sinister  paw.  [A  scaly  creature  with  a  tail 
and  a  man's  head  wearing  an  old-fashioned  hat  and  wig  to  indicate  that 
he  is  a  surgeon.] 

Supporters.  On  the  dexter,  a  Ci-de-vant  british  Peer.  Gorged,  with  his 
Head  in  his  hand  (crown'd  zvith  a  ducal  Coronet)  weeping  for  his  folly,  he 
supports  the  Tree  of  Liberty. 

On  the  Sinister,  a  republican  reformer  Triumphant,  with  his  Bonnet  rouge 
and  tree  of  Liberty. 

Under  the  Shield  are  many  Patients,  who  have  been  cured  [i.e.  corpses  and 
skulls]. 

For  the  College  of  Surgeons  see  No.  9092,  &c.   Bedford  was  noted  for 
his  cropped  hair,  cf.  'A  Bit  of  an  Ode  to  Mr.  Fox',  Anti-Jacobin,  29  Jan. 
1798.  For  the  Tree  of  Liberty  see  No.  9214,  &c. 
6x7  in.  PI.  12 X  10  in. 

9194  A  LEGAL  MISTAKE  OR  HONEST  MEN  TAKEN  FOR 
CONSPIRATORS. 

[  ?  AnselL] 

Pu¥  April  15  lygS  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  editor's  office,  with  a  printing-press 
(1.)  at  one  end  of  the  room.  Scott,  the  Attorney-General,  in  legal  wig  and 

438 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

gown,  tries  to  enter  through  a  door  (r.);  he  holds  a  document:  Prosecution 
of  Paper  for  Libeling  \Parlid\ment.  A  well-dressed  man  (resembUng 
Tierney)  pushes  him  back,  trying  to  close  the  door  upon  him,  saying: 
You  can't  come  in  here!  No  Editor  here  I  assure  You  dont  know  the  Man! 
never  saw  him  in  my  Life!  met  a  Man  Yesterday  something  like  him!  What 
do  You  think  Vd  turn  Informer,  Never  read  a  Paper  but  when  there 's  bloody 
News  from  France,  Never  any  body  here  but  from  Manchester  or  Margate 
[see  No.  9189] — No  Conspirators  here  No  No  No  if  You  dont  believe  me 
read  the  Courier.  From  his  pocket  hangs  a  paper :  Mem.  to  Skreen  my  Frieiid 
at  the  expence  of  my  Character.  Under  his  r.  foot  is  a  paper:  Parliamentary 
Oath  to  deliver  up  all  Traitor\s\  to  make  known  any  [C]oJispiracy  again[st] 
the  State  or  his  Ma[jesty's]  Person  .  .  Swear  nev[er].  .  .  .  Close  beside  him 
sits  the  editor  (John  Parry),  interrupted  in  the  act  of  writing,  as  he  turns 
to  gape  with  alarm  at  the  opening  door.  By  the  door  is  a  placard,  its  r. 
margin  cut  off  by  the  edge  of  the  design:  Rules  to  be  Obser[ved]  in  this 
Printing  Offic[e]  all  Spy's  and  Infor[mers]  to  be  kept  at  a  prope[r]  distanc. 

viz  Outside  the  door all  Scandalous  Paragraphs  to  be  faithfully  copied 

by  the  Compositor  wethe  agai[nst\  Government  or  Others.  Two  prints  also 
hang  on  the  wall :  one  of  Buonaparte,  a  swaggering  soldier  leaning  on  an 
immense  sabre,  and  one  of  the  King  torn  and  suspended  upside  down 
from  one  corner.  On  the  table  are  papers  inscribed  Essay  to  Prove  the 
Defence  of  a  Traitor  no  Treason,  with  two  bundles  of  documents  labelled 
Correspondence  with  the  Convention  and  Correspondence  with  Manchester. 
On  the  floor  are  neatly  tied  bundles  of  papers :  a  sheet  of  the  Courier  duly 
stamped ;  Paragraphs  &c  against  Government ;  Private  and  Family  Trans- 
actions ;  and  French  Puffs  and  Gasconades. 

On  4  Apr.  the  Attorney-General  brought  in  a  Bill  for  the  regulation 
of  newspapers,  it  having  been  found  that  prosecutions  failed  on  account 
of  difficulty  in  identifying  proprietor,  printer,  or  publisher,  instancing  the 
case  of  the  Courier,  whose  printer  was  not  to  be  found,  while  the  registered 
proprietor  had  severed  his  connexion  with  the  paper  more  than  a  year 
previously.  He  produced  a  parcel  of  papers  found  in  a  neutral  vessel  going 
to  France  with  information  which,  if  written  by  one  man  to  another,  would 
have  been  treasonous  (e.g.  mentioning  the  approaching  departure  of  the 
West  India  fleet  with  inadequate  convoy').  Tierney  defended  the  editor 
of  the  paper  (Courier)  which,  Pitt  said,  'was  giving  information  and  advice 
to  the  Directory  of  France'.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  1415-21.  Before  26  Apr. 
Dundas  had  received  information  from  France:  'the  Courier  is  regularly 
brought  over,  carried  first  to  the  Minister  of  Marine,  ...  it  is  then  sent 
to  the  Central  Bureau,  and  then  the  paragraphs  allowed  to  be  translated 
into  French  papers,  which  are  distributed  among  the  coffee  houses.'  Navy 
Records  Soc,  Spencer  Papers,  ii,  191 5,  pp.  325-6.  The  Anti-Jacobin  Review 
and  Magazine,  Aug.  1798,  published  a  facsimile  of  the  Courier  (for  23  Nov. 
1797)  directed  to  the  'Ministre  de  la  Marine,  a  Paris',  with  the  colunms 
containing  a  report  of  Moira's  speech  (see  No.  9184)  inscribed  *a  lire'  (cf. 
No.  9240).  Eight  men  were  arrested  in  Manchester  on  8  Apr.  and  brought 
to  London,  as  part  of  a  Committee  of  United  Irishmen,  Englishmen,  and 
Scotchmen.   Lond.  Chron.,  14  Apr.,  4  May.   See  Nos.  8500,  9227,  9240, 

'  Quoted  in  the  Anti-Jacobin,  23  Apr.  1798,  p.  187.  'The  outward-bound  fleet 
which  has  been  collecting  near  six  weeks,  and  is  allowed  to  be  the  most  valuable 
that  ever  left  our  ports,  is  about  to  sail  under  the  Convoy  of  two  Frigates !  How 
easy  would  it  be  for  the  French  to  detach  two  or  three  sail  of  the  line  from  Brest, 
and  give  our  Commerce  an  irretrievable  blow!   Surely  the  Admiralty  .  .  .  .* 

439 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9345,  9370,  9434,  9522.  Listed  by  Broadley  (attributed  to  I.  Cruikshank). 
9fXi3jin. 

9195  A  POLITICAL  HYPOCONDRIAC!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  St  17 g8.  the  18  of  Aprill 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression),  A  design  based  on  No.  7449.  Pitt  (r.), 
wearing  dressing-gown  and  slippers,  sits  erect  in  a  high-backed  arm-chair, 
clasping  his  hands  in  terror  at  the  visions  which  assail  him.  Three  goblin- 
like creatures  hold  up  a  sheet  inscribed  Assessed  Taxes,  a  window  in  this 
makes  it  resemble  the  side  of  a  house.  A  hideous  profile  head  wearing  a 
wig  inscribed  £1.  is  glares  up  at  Pitt.  From  clouds  emerges  a  hand  hold- 
ing a  hat  inscribed  2  Shilling  and  another  holding  by  the  tail  a  puppy 
inscribed  5  Shilling.  Three  little  Jacobin  soldiers  advance  towards  Pitt; 
the  foremost  prods  his  ankle  with  his  bayonet.  Behind  Pitt's  back  is  the 
head  of  a  horse  with  a  large  blank  eye,  and  (above)  a  two-wheeled  cart. 
Next  the  horse  is  a  cottage.  Above  Pitt's  head  hang  a  noose  of  rope  and 
a  dagger.  Behind  his  chair,  as  if  to  show  the  origin  of  these  apparitions, 
is  a  row  of  three  decanters :  Rum,  Brandy,  Red  Port. 

Dundas,  as  a  doctor,  sits  (1.)  with  his  back  to  Pitt  writing  a  prescription. 
He  wears  Highland  dress  with  a  feathered  Scots  bonnet.  Above  his  head 
are  the  words :  My  Patient  is  in  a  very  bad  way  I  fear,  but  we  must  try  what 
can  be  done  for  him  let  me  see — mix  four  Ounces  of  German  Promises  with 
tree  [sic]  of  Prussian  Sinceriti  to  which  add  3 — grains  of  indemnity  for  the 
past — and  one  of  Security  for  the  Future — I  think  that  will  do. —  Both  men 
are  in  profile  to  the  1. 

A  satire  on  Pitt's  foreign  policy,  cf.  No.  9364,  and  on  the  burden  of  taxa- 
tion, especially  the  Triple  Assessment,  see  No.  9043,  &c.,  the  dog  tax,  see 
No.  8794,  &c.,  and  the  hair-powder  tax.  No.  8629,  &c.  'Indemnity  and 
security',  as  war-aims,  were  used  as  a  gibe  against  Pitt,  see  No.  9364.  They 
were  so  used  by  William  Smith  (a  cousin  of  Wilberforce) :  'now  for 
indemnity  and  security  and  then  again  for  security  and  indemnity,  ever 
changing  with  the  events  of  the  war'.  Pitt  answered,  'in  the  termination 
of  every  war,  there  are  two  objects,  reparation  and  security ;  but  the  great 
object  was  security'.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxi.  1207,  1215  (debate  on  Grey's  peace 
motion,  26  Jan.  1795).  Fox  wrote  of  the  Peace  Preliminaries,  Oct.  1801 : 
'Indemnity  for  the  past  and  security  for  the  future  are  now  evidently  con- 
strued into  Ceylon  and  Trinidad.'  Memorials  and  Corr.,  1854,  iii.  345. 
The  formula  was  enunciated  by  Auckland  at  the  Antwerp  Conference  in 
Apr.  1793.  Dropmore  Papers,  iii,  p.  xxii.  For  Prussia  cf.  No.  8658.  For 
Pitt  as  a  hard  drinker  cf.  No.  8683. 
ioJXi5|in. 

9196  LE  MINISTRE  D'ETAT,  EN  GRAND  COSTUME. 
fQyd.  &f 

Pu¥  April  18"*  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  One  of  a  set  of  twelve  'French  Habits', 
see  Nos.  9 197-9201,  9208-13.  Above  the  design:  Habits  of  New  French 
Legislators,  and  other  Public  Functionaries.  N°  i.  Fox  stands  full-face,  hands 
on  hips,  legs  astride,  looking  arrogantly  to  the  r.  He  wears  a  looped  hat 
with  large  ostrich  feathers,  long  loose  coat  with  a  lace  collar  and  long 
revers  over  a  tunic  with  a  sash  which  defines  his  vast  paunch.  Tunic  and 

440 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

coat  have  embroidered  borders.  The  hat  and  coat  are  black,  the  tunic, 
stockings,  lining  and  revers  of  the  coat  are  red,  which  is  the  predominating 
colour.  On  the  carpet  is  a  design  of  the  royal  arms;  he. straddles  across 
them,  his  feet  planted  on  lion  and  unicorn. 

The  costume  of  the  officials  of  the  Directory,  designed  by  David,  was 
regulated  by  a  complementary  law  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Year  III,  for 
which  plates  were  engraved.  Renouvier,  p.  478.  A  set  of  plates  with 
descriptions  (dated  20  Feb.  [?  1796])  was  published  by  E.  Harding,  Pall 
Mall  (copy  in  Print  Room).^  Fox's  dress  is  approximately  correct,  but  coat 
and  tunic  (styled  waistcoat)  are  longer  than  the  originals,  the  hat  and 
feathers  more  magnificent.  His  position  is  that  of  Minister,  subordinate 
to  the  five  Directors ;  'habits'  is  doubtless  a  pun :  Fox  tramples  on  the  royal 
arms.  The  series,  in  whole  or  part,  was  submitted  to  Canning,  see  No. 
9200.  See  also  No.  9425. 

A  reduced  copy  was  issued  without  imprint  (A.  de  R.  xv.  129). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  239.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  185.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.  Reproduced,  Dayot,  Rev.  fr.,  p.  353.  For  the  French  original, 
Collection  des  nouveaux  costumes  des  autorites  constituees  civiles  et  militaires, 
26  plates  by  P.-M.  Alix  after  J.-F.  Garnerey,  see  Colas,  Bibliographie 
gen.  du  Costume,  Paris,  1933,  No.  1181. 
^iix^ie  i^-  With  border,  9|X7f  in. 

9197  LES  MEMBRES  DU  CONSEIL  DES  ANCIENS.=» 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design:  French  Habits,  N°  2. 
Lansdowne,  Norfolk,  and  Grafton  stand  together  wearing  the  dress  of  the 
Conseil  des  Anciens :  a  violet  robe  and  cap,  with  a  scarlet  sash,  over  which 
hangs  a  white  cloak  in  classical  folds,  the  border  of  robe  and  cloak  being 
embroidered  in  red.  Lansdowne  (c.)  holds  a  book,  the  fingers  of  his  r. 
hand  are  raised,  and  he  smiles  slyly.  Norfolk  (1.)  and  Grafton  (r.)  listen 
to  him  with  conspiratorial  intentness.  Under  their  feet  are  flag-stones. 
See  No.  9196. 

A  reduced  copy  was  issued  without  imprint  (A.  de  R.  xv.  129). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  239.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  186.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Dayot,  Rev.fr.,  p.  354. 
8|x6|  in.  With  border,  9f  X7I  in. 

9198  LES  MEMBRES  DU  CONSEIL  DES  CINQ  CENTS.^* 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design :  French  Habits,  N°  3. 
Stanhope,  followed  by  Derby,  Lauderdale,  M.  A.  Taylor,  and  Grey, 
advances  from  1.  to  r.,  1.  arm  outstretched  in  the  attitude  of  an  orator.  All 
wear  the  correct  dress  of  the  Five  Hundred,  resembling  that  of  No.  9197, 
but  in  diflterent  colours:  white  robe,  red  cloak,  blue  cap  and  sash.  The 
borders  of  the  robe  are  embroidered  in  red,  of  the  cloak  in  blue.  Lauder- 
dale, who  is  usually  dwarfish  in  caricature,  appears  tall  compared  with  the 
short  and  obese  Derby,  whose  arms  are  folded,  and  his  head,  as  always, 
turned  in  profil  perdu.  Behind  Lauderdale  is  M.  A.  Taylor,  also  short, 
but  taller  than  Derby.  Above  him  towers  a  man  usually  identified  as  Byng ; 

'  These  costumes  are  depicted  on  a  French  fan,  fifteen  figures,  on  the  reverse 
of  which  the  peace  with  Spain  is  the  subject  of  an  allegorical  design.  (B.M., 
Schreiber  Coll.  No.  128;  coloured  reproduction,  Propylden-Weltgeschichte,  ed. 
W.  Goetz,  vii.  94.) 

*  Signatvu-e  and  imprint  as  No.  9196.  ' 

441 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Lord  Holland  (MS.  note)  identifies  him  as  Grey,  'not  Byng'.  They  stand 
on  flag-stones.  See  No.  9196. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  239.  Wright  andEvans,  No.  187.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Dayot,  Rev.fr.,  p.  354. 
8^  X  6^  in.  With  border,  ']^^  X  9I  in. 

9199  MEMBRE  DU  DIRECTOIRE  EXfiCUTIF." 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design :  French  Habits,  N°  4. 
Bedford,  conventionally  handsome,  stands  in  the  'grand  costume'  of  a 
Director,  its  magnificence  heightened  by  Gillray.  His  hat  is  turned  up  with 
enormous  tricolour  ostrich-feathers.  Over  his  blue  tunic  is  a  long  red 
cloak,  lined  with  white,  which  trails  on  the  ground.  He  wears  a  lace  collar, 
a  white  sash  with  gold  tassels,  a  large  sabre.  Tunic  and  cloak  are  heavily 
embroidered  in  gold.  He  stands  in  a  commanding  attitude,  his  head  turned 
in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  r.  arm  extended  with  pointing  forefinger.  The  walls 
and  pillar  (r.)  of  a  palatial  building  form  a  background.  Round  the  pillar 
is  draped  a  gold-fringed  curtain  embroidered  Egalite;  it  is  tied  back  to 
show  a  ducal  coronet  and  the  (Bedford)  motto  Cke  sara  \sard\. 

See  No.  9196.  Trumbull  called  this  pompous  dress  a  mixture  of  the 
Roman  and  Spanish.  Farington,  Diary,  i.  227.  It  is  associated  especially 
with  Barras.  Lord  Holland  notes :  'the  figure,  not  at  all  like ;  the  face  not 
much.' 

This  design  was  adapted  for  an  engraved  portrait  of  Bonaparte,  the  head 
taken  from  the  bust  by  Ceracchi,  the  hat  held  in  the  1.  hand.  The  dress 
is  ornamented  with  gold  leaf.  Designed  by  Rowlandson  from  the  original 
bust.    Mess'^  Rowlandson  &  Roberts  sculp. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  239.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  188.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Dayot,  Rev.fr.,  p.  354. 
816  X6f  in.  With  border,  9|X7je  in. 

9200  PRESIDENT  D 'ADMINISTRATION  MUNICIPALE.^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design:  French  Habits,  N°  5. 
Home  Tooke  stands  directed  to  the  1.,  behind  a  table  covered  with  a  green 
cloth.  His  arm-chair  is  behind  him  (r.).  His  r.  hand  is  on  a  hand-bill,  his  1.  is 
outstretched  admonishingly.  He  looks  with  a  severe  frown  in  the  direction 
to  which  he  points.  Behind  his  chair  against  the  wall  is  a  table  of  the  Droit 
de  V Homme ;  beside  it  hangs  a  tricolour  flag.  He  wears  (correctly)  a  plain 
black  suit  over  which  is  a  tricolour  scarf.  On  the  table  is  his  round  hat 
with  small  tricolour  scarf  and  tricolour  feather.  On  the  sides  of  the  table 
are  partly  visible  the  fasces  which  were  an  emblem  of  the  Republic.  Behind 
is  a  wall  with  Ionic  pilasters. 

See  No.  9196.  On  22  Apr.  Canning  wrote  to  Gillray:  'It  is  particularly 
wished  that  the  Print  of  Af  Sheridan  N°  5  of  the  French  Habits,  which 
M""  Gillray  was  so  good  as  to  send  for  inspection  to-day,  may  not  be  pub- 
lished. If  M^  G.  can  call  to-morrow  the  reason  will  be  explained  to  him.' 
B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27337,  ^o.  92.  The  reason  doubtless  was  the  kindness 
shown  to  Canning  by  Sheridan  at  the  beginning  of  his  career.  See  Bagot, 
Canning  and  his  Friends,  i.  19.  Cobbett  wrote,  21  Nov.  1803  (ignorant  of 
Canning's  intervention):  'the  print  was  actually  on  sale  for  two  days,  at 
the  end  of  which  time  it  was  not  suppressed,  nor  destroyed,  but  changed, 
by  the  taking  out  of  your  face  and  putting  that  of  Home  Tooke  in  its  stead, 
according  to  which  metamorphosis  it  has  been  exhibited  and  sold  ever 
'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  9196. 
442 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

since! — ^there  Is  nothing  that  meddles  with  type-metal  or  lamp-black  which 
is  not  your  friend.  .  .  .'   Cobbett's  Annual  Register,  iv.  740. 

An  impression  of  the  suppressed  state  with  the  head  of  Sheridan  is  in 
the  Gillray  Collection  in  the  House  of  Lords  Library. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  239.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  189.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8fx6|in.  With  border,  9^1  X7I  in. 

9201  LE  BOUREAU.i 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design :  French  Habits,  N°.  6. 
Tierney  (r.),  directed  to  the  1.,  stands  on  a  scaffold  beside  a  guillotine,  on 
which  his  r.  hand  rests.  He  wears  a  round  hat  with  a  red  feather  and  small 
tricolour  cockade,  a  black  cloak,  below  which  appear  his  own  striped 
stockings  and  half-boots.  The  blade  of  the  guillotine  is  raised ;  it  drips 
blood,  as  does  the  aperture  for  the  victim's  neck.  Behind,  the  heads  of  a 
crowd,  all  wearing  the  bonnet-rouge,  look  up  at  the  scaffold.  On  the  r. 
is  a  house. 

See  No.  9196;  this  dress  is  not  one  of  those  officially  prescribed.   Lord 
Holland  notes  that  it  is  'not  like'  Tierney. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  239.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  190.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.    Reproduced,  Dayot,  Rev.fr.,  p.  353;  C.  E.  Jensen,  Socialdemo- 
kratiets  Aarhundrede  I.,  Copenhagen,  1904,  p.  31. 
8f  x6f  in.  With  border,  9|X7ig  in. 

9202  LONDON  CORRESPONDING  SOCIETY,  ALARM'D,— FzV/e 

Guilty  Consciences. 

f  Qyinv  &  f 

Pu¥  April  20^^  179S.  by  H.  Humphrey  27    S^  Jameses   Street — 
Price  r^  6 — 2 

Aquatint  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Six  brutal-looking  men, 
much  caricatured,  sit  round  a  table  in  a  cellar,  listening  with  apprehensive 
intentness  to  their  chairman,  who  reads  a  paper:  State  Arrests — O' Conner 
Binns  Evans  Quigley.  He  sits  in  an  arm-chair,  a  grotesque  ragged  creature 
with  sleeves  rolled  up ;  in  his  r.  hand  is  a  candle  taken  from  a  candle-stick 
on  the  table.  Beside  him  is  a  tankard  inscribed:  Tom  Treason  Hell-Fire 
Celler  Chick  Lane.  Against  his  chair  leans  an  open  book:  Proceedings  of 
the  London  Corresponding  Society  T*  Firebrand  Secretary — Delegates — 
Forging  Sam  Barber  Joe  Dick  Butcher  Dissenting  Nick  Sheepshead  Will 
Cut  down  Lary.  These  names  belong  to  the  persons  depicted:  a  barber 
sits  on  an  upturned  tub  on  the  chairman's  1.,  a  comb  in  his  ragged  hair, 
a  pair  of  tongs  leaning  against  the  tattered  hat  which  lies  beside  him.  Next 
(1.)  is  a  butcher,  his  steel  hanging  from  his  waist.  All  are  grotesque  denizens 
of  the  underworld.  Two  prints  are  on  the  brick  wall,  bust  portraits  of 
Home  Tooke  and  Tom  Payne.  Through  an  open  door  (r.)  is  seen  a  flight 
of  stairs,  steeply  ascending. 

The  arrest  of  O'Connor,  John  Binns,  O'Coigley  (or  Quigley),  and  two 
others  at  Margate,  28  Feb.,  see  No.  9189,  led  to  arrests  of  members  of  the 
Corresponding  Society  in  Manchester  and  London.  Thomas  Evans  was 
arrested  after  Bow  Street  officers  had  surprised  a  meeting  in  a  public  house 
in  Clerkenwell  on  the  night  of  18  Apr.   This  was  a  meeting  of  the  United 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  9196.        *  No  price  on  coloured  impression. 

443 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Englishmen  which  Benjamin  Binns  and  Evans,  secretary  of  the  London 
Corresponding  Society,  had  been  attempting  to  form,  bent  on  revolution 
with  the  help  of  France.  On  the  following  day  the  Committee  of  the 
Corresponding  Society  (in  which,  according  to  Place,  only  the  refuse,  with 
a  few  exceptions,  remained)  was  arrested.  On  30  Jan.  1798  an  address  to 
United  Irishmen  was  passed  by  the  Committee.  The  Society  ceased  to 
meet,  and  on  12  July  1799  was  suppressed  by  name  in  an  Act  (29  George 
III,  c.  79)  against  seditious  and  treasonable  societies.  F.  Place  in  B.M. 
Add.  MSS.  27808,  ff.  91-111.  For  O'Coigley  see  S.  Simms,  in  Journal 
of  the  Down  and  Connor  Historical  Society ^  viii.  41-75  (1937).  See  No. 
9189,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  240.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  197.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9iX7fgin. 

9203  THE  ROYAL  SOLDIER  IN  HIS  MAJESTY'S  SERVICE 
[L  Cruikshank.] 

Land  Pub.  by  S  W  Fores.  50  Piccadilly,  May  10  lygS 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  in  uniform,  as  a  soldier  or  volunteer, 
stands  at  attention  in  profile  to  the  r.,  holding  a  bayoneted  musket.  He  is 
grotesquely  thin  and  elongated.   Beneath  the  title : 

He  Would  be  a  Soldier  the  sweet  Willy  O 
The  first  of  all  Swains 
That  gladdened  the  plains 
All  Nature  obeyed  him — the  sweet  Willy  O! 
A  companion  print  to  No.  9204. 
Reproduced,  Wheeler  and  Broadley,  i.  216. 
14^X9  in. 

9204  THE  REPUBLICAN  SOLDIER! 
[L  Cruikshank.] 

London   Published  May  12.  lygS,  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly 
where  Folios  of  Caricatures  are  Lent. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design:  Discharged  his 
Majesty's  Service.  Fox,  in  uniform,  stands  at  attention  in  profile  to  the  1., 
holding  four  muskets  (or  a  musket  with  four  triggers  and  barrels).  An 
armlet  is  inscribed  Sinew  of  Rebellion.  He  wears  a  bonnet-rouge  with 
tricolour  cockade;  in  his  belt,  and  very  prominent  on  his  protruding 
stomach,  are  two  pistols  and  a  dagger.  At  his  back  hang  materials  for 
arson :  a  knapsack  inscribed  Fire  is  the  best  Weapon  you  can  Use —  It  is 
filled  with  sticks  of  combustibles.  Two  grenades  project  from  a  bulging 
breeches  pocket.  From  his  protruding  lips  issues  a  blast  inscribed :  Inflam- 
matory Harrangues  \  To  stir  up  the  People  to  |  Acts  of  Sedition  |  Mutiny 
Treason  |  Rebellion.  At  his  feet  are  two  papers :  Punctual  discharge  of  my 
Duty  to  my  Constituants  [scored  through  and  replaced  by]  Colleagues; 
Remonstrance  from  my  Constituents  for  non  Attendance.  On  the  1.  is  a  broad 
low  post  on  which  is  a  placard :  Head  Quarters  Craven  House  [scored  through 
and  replaced  by]  Crown  &  Anchor  Parole  Reform — Countersign — Anarchy. 
A  companion  print  to  No.  9203.  It  is  implied  that  the  Opposition 
preach  Reform  as  a  cover  for  revolution.  For  Fox's  'discharge'  see  No. 
9205,  &c.  For  the  Foxite  secession  and  its  relation  to  parliamentary  reform, 
see  No.  9018,  &c.    Lady  Holland  notes  (c.  Jan.  1798):  'It  is  said  that 

444 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1798 

Mr.  Fox's  constituents  insisted  on  his  return  to  Parliament.'   Journal, 
i.  164. 
13!  X  9  in. 

9205  MEETING  OF  UNFORTUNATE  CITOYENS. 

f  Gyinv  &f 

Pu¥  May  12*^  179S.  by  H.  Humphrey  2y  S*  James  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  and  Norfolk  meet  on  the  pavement 
outside  Brookes's.  Fox  (1.),  much  caricatured,  with  his  shaggy  hair  stand- 
ing on  end  and  stockings  slipping  down,  says,  with  an  expression  of  angry 
despair:  Scratch' d  off! — dish'd! — ktck'd out! — dam'meU!  Norfolk  (r.),  with 
fingers  outspread  in  dismay,  answers:  How?  what! — Ktck'd  out? — ah! 
morbleu! — chacun  a  son  tour!  morbleu!  morbleu!  Fox  holds  in  his  r.  hand 
a  paper:  List  of  Privy  Council  C.  J.  Fox,  the  name  scored  through.  From 
the  pocket  of  his  bulging  waistcoat  hangs  a  paper:  Whig  Toasts  &  Senti- 
mentls]  Sovereignty  of  People — Jacobins  of  Ireland — French.  Under  Nor- 
folk's 1.  arm  is  his  baton  of  hereditary  Earl  Marshal ;  from  his  coat-pocket 
hangs  a  paper:  Honours  List  L^  Lieutenant  of  Yorksh\ire\  Colonelship  of 
Militia.  Both  wear  small  bonnets-rouges.  Behind,  Brooks's  is  indicated 
with  the  balcony;  only  one  house  separates  it  from  the  gateway  of  St. 
James's  Palace,  at  which  Pitt  (r.)  and  Dundas  (1.)  stand  as  sentinels,  in 
Grenadier  uniform  (with  the  addition  in  Dundas's  case  of  a  tartan  plaid), 
each  before  his  sentry  box,  and  facing  each  other  in  profile.  On  the  gate- 
way (r.)  is  a  placard :  Proclamation  against  Sedition  &  Treasonable  Meetings ; 
on  each  sentry  box  is  a  proclamation  headed  GR.  On  Pitt's  box :  Whereas 
.  .  .  for  carrying  secret  correspondence  with  y"  French — God  sa  .  .  . ;  on 
Dundas's  box:  Whereas  .  .  .  apprehension  of  Traitors  .  .  .  God  save y"  King. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Whig  Club  on  i  May  Fox  gave  the  toasts:  'The 
Sovereignty  of  the  People  of  Great  Britain'  and  'The  suflFerers  in  the  cause 
of  Freedom  in  Ireland'.  Lond.  Chron.,  3  May;  Holland,  Memoirs  of  the 
Whig  Party,  1852,  i.  132  f.  At  a  Privy  Council  meeting  on  9  May:  'His 
Majesty  in  Council  having  ordered  the  Council  Book  to  be  laid  before  him, 
the  name  of  the  Hon.  Charles  James  Fox  was  erased  from  the  list  of  Privy 
Councillors.'  London  Gazette,  12  May.  Cf.  Anti-Jacobin,  7  May,  which 
selects,  not  'the  childish  repetition  of  the  absurd  toast',  but  another  passage 
from  Fox's  speech  as  dangerous  to  the  country.  For  Norfolk's  toast  and 
dismissal  see  No.  9168,  &c. ;  for  Fox's,  Nos.  9204,  9206,  9215,  9216,  9227, 
9266,  9343,  9345,  9401,  9434. 

Described  (incorrectly)  by  Angelo,  who  says  that  Norfolk,  finding  it  on 
sale  at  Holland's,  turned  his  back  for  ever  on  his  'print  merchant'  and 
protege,  while  Fox  good-humouredly  bought  an  impression  at  Humphrey's, 
having  seen  it  in  the  window.  Reminiscences,  1904,  i.  284-6. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  235-6.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  197.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
10x13^  in. 

9206  BILLY  &  HARRY  IN  THIER  GLORY  OR  A  GREAT  MAN 
KICKED  OUT  OF  PLACE— 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pu¥  by  J  Aitkin  Corner  of  Castle  S*  Leicester  Sq^'  May  18 

^798 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  King  sits  at  a  table  writing,  having 
just  scored  through  the  name  C  J  Fox,  which  is  written  between  List  of 

445 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Secrateries  of  State  and  W  Pitt,  followed  by  Wynd,  Dundas,  Banks.  He 
points  with  his  1,  hand  at  Fox  (r.),  who  is  being  kicked  from  his  presence 
by  Pitt  and  Dundas,  saying,  Out — out  out  with  him  we  want  none  of  his 
advice.  Two  papers  hang  over  the  table :  Irish  plots  Discovered  and  Traitor- 
ous Corospondence  French  London.  Fox,  alarmed  and  distressed,  and  far 
stouter  and  heavier  than  his  assailants,  says,  Oh  Lord  I  never  thought  it 
would  come  to  this  O  Billy  have  mercy  as  you  are  Strong.  Pitt,  his  hands 
on  Fox's  shoulders,  says :  / — /  be  off  we  dont  want  your  Assistance.  Dundas, 
behind  Pitt,  wears  a  tartan  plaid ;  he  says :  /  canna  get  a  Peck  of  meal  but 
you  do  want  a  share  oft  a  share  oft  &c.  The  King,  in  profile  to  the  r., 
sits  on  the  edge  of  a  chair  of  state  on  a  dais  of  two  steps. 

See  No.  9205,  &c.    Fox,  of  course,  was  not  a  Secretary  of  State.    He 
is  associated,  as  in  No.  9189,  with  Franco-Irish  intrigue,  before  his  evidence 
for  O'Connor  (cf.  No.  9245). 
8|xi2|  in. 

9207  REHEARSAL  OF  A  FRENCH  INVASION  AS  PERFORMED 
BEFORE  THE  INVALIDS  AT  THE  ISLANDS  OF  ST  MARCOU, 
ON  THE  MORNING  OF  YE  7  OF  MAY  1798 

Rowlandson  Delin 

London  Pub  May  18  1798  at  Ackermanns  Gallery  N°  loi  Strand 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  French  gun-boats  founder  under  the 
attack  of  a  cannonade  from  a  low  cliff  (r.),  on  which  British  soldiers,  three 
with  wooden  legs,  make  gestures  of  triumph.  A  boat  containing  a  large 
cannon  and  dead  bodies  is  dragged  ashore  by  British  soldiers.  The  French- 
men are  slightly  caricatured;  heads,  hands,  and  feet  emerge  from  the 
water.  A  gunboat  founders,  its  cannon  explodes,  firing  vertically,  and  four 
bodies  are  shot  into  the  air.  Clouds  of  smoke  show  that  the  firing  is  heavy. 
In  the  background  are  many  gunboats  and  on  the  horizon  the  French  coast. 

A  flotilla  of  gunboats  and  flats  commanded  by  Muskein  attacked  the 
lies  St.  Marcouf,  but  was  severely  shelled  and  retreated  with  many 
casualties.  One  flat  was  towed  in,  bottom  up.  London  Gazette,  12  May 
1798.  This  was  the  subject  of  verses  by  Lord  Morpeth  in  the  Anti-Jacobin, 
'A  consolatory  address  to  his  gun-boats  by  Citizen  Muskein',  14  May  1798. 
It  was  a  sequel  to  the  ignominious  failure  of  a  previous  attempt  by  Muskein 
in  Aug.  1797,  dispersed  by  adverse  winds.  Desbriere,  Projets  et  Tenta- 
iives  de  Debarguement  aux  lies  Britanniques,  1900,  i.  269  ff.  For  invasion 
prints  see  No.  8432,  &c. 

Reproduced,  Wheeler  and  Broadley,  i.  98. 
io|xi4fgin. 

9208  L'AVOCAT  DE  LA  REPUBLIQUE. 
fGyd&f 

Pu¥  May  21^^^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  2y.  S^  James's  Street. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design:  French  Habits.  N°  7. 
Erskine  stands  directed  to  the  r.,  a  sheaf  of  papers  in  his  r.  hand,  his  1. 
held  out  in  a  declamatory  gesture.  He  wears  a  long  gown  over  a  black 
tunic  and  sash,  with  a  broad  white  collar.  His  advocate's  wig  has  a  red 
patch  on  the  crown  of  his  head.    His  shoes  have  bunches  of  tricolour 

'  These  plates  are  placed  according  to  their  serial  number,  not  date  of  imprint. 

446 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1798 

ribbons.  He  stands  on  a  flagged  floor  facing  a  part  of  the  floor  paved  in 
black  and  white,  where  the  judges  may  be  presumed  to  sit ;  their  presence 
is  indicated  by  heavy  cast  shadows.  The  wall  is  pilastered. 

See  No,  9196,  &c.  For  Erskine  as  the  defender  of  revolutionaries  see 
No.  8502,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  239.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  191.   Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8|x6|^in.  With  border,  10x7!^  in. 

9209  MEMBRE  DE  LA  HAUTE  COUR  DE  JUSTICE. 

Pu¥  May  15^^'  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey.  27.  S^  James  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design:  French  Habits^  N"  8. 
Sir  George  Shuckburgh,  in  the  white  draperies  with  tricolour  border  and 
white  cap  of  a  Judge  of  the  High  Court,  stands  full-face  on  a  low  platform 
of  stone  slabs.  His  r.  hand  is  raised  as  if  expounding  a  principle.  Two 
tufts  of  hair  project  laterally  from  under  his  cap,  and  his  upper  lip  and 
chin  are  conspicuously  long.  His  dress  is  approximately  correct,  except 
that  the  cap  is  larger  and  the  draperies  rest  on  the  floor  instead  of  being 
ankle-length.  The  black  and  white  paving  of  No.  9208  is  repeated  in  front 
of  the  judge.  Behind  him  a  long  cushioned  bench  (indicating  the  House 
of  Commons)  stretches  across  the  design. 

Shuckburgh  (1751-1804),  M.P.  for  Warwick  and  F.R.S.,  was  a  dis- 
tinguished mathematician,  and,  according  to  the  Pari.  Hist.,  took  no  part 
in  debates.  He  voted  with  the  minority  against  the  Assessed  Taxes  Bill 
on  4  Jan.  1798  {Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  1274)  and  was,  like  Pulteney  (see 
No.  9212),  pilloried  in  the  Anti-Jacobin  as  an  adherent  of  Moira's  'Third 
Party'. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  239.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  192.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Dayot,  Riv.fr.,  p.  353, 
8f  x6^  in.  With  border,  9|X7f  in. 

9210  JUGE  DU  TRIBUNAL  CORRECTIONNEL.' 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design:  French  Habits.  N"  9. 
Courtney  sits  heavily  in  an  arm-chair  directed  to  the  r.,  his  head  in  profile 
to  the  r. ;  his  hands  rest  on  his  knees.  His  dress  is  that  of  a  Membre  du 
Tribunal  Criminel,  except  that  his  cloak  is  long  instead  of  knee-length, 
and  except  for  the  colour  of  his  official  ribbon,  which  denotes  the  Tribunal 
Correctionnel.  He  wears  a  hat  turned  up  in  front  with  feathers  and  tricolour 
cockade ;  round  his  neck  hangs  from  a  ribbon  the  emblem  of  a  bundle  of 
lictor's  rods,  from  which  projects  an  axe.^  His  chair  is  on  a  round  dais  of 
stone  blocks  above  a  flagged  floor.  A  wall  behind  is  of  large  stones;  a 
heavy  fringed  curtain  is  draped  on  the  1.   See  No.  9196. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  239.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  193.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8fx6fin.   With  border,  10X7^  in. 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  9208. 

^  The  Membre  du  Tribunal  Correctionnel  wore  a  blue  ribbon  with  white  and  red 
borders  (as  in  this  print),  his  bundle  of  rods  had  no  axe.  The  Membre  du  Tribunal 
Criminel  wore  a  red  ribbon  with  blue  and  white  borders.  The  Membre  du  Tribu- 
nal Civil  wore  a  white  ribbon,  with  red  and  blue  borders,  from  which  was  suspended 
a  silver  eye.   Costumes  des  Representans  du  Peuple  Frattfais. 

447 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9211  JUGE  DE  PAIX.' 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design :  French  Habits,  N"  lo. 
Nicholls,  M.P.  for  Tregony,  sits  in  an  arm-chair  directed  to  the  I. ;  in  his 
r.  hand  is  a  tall  staff  in  whose  head  is  an  eye ;  his  1.  hand  is  thrust  under 
his  coat,  which  is  buttoned.  From  a  tricolour  ribbon  round  his  neck  is 
suspended  a  small  metal  olive-branch.  He  wears  his  ordinary  dress,  his 
shrunken  legs  in  wide  half-boots.  The  portrait  shows  the  notoriously  ugly 
Nicholls,  with  his  1.  eye  closed,  a  projecting  lower  jaw,  his  upper  lip  drawn 
up  in  a  permanent  snarl.  He  sits  on  a  square  dais  covered  with  a  flowered 
carpet.  Behind  is  a  wall  of  heavy  blocks  of  stone,  in  which  (above  his 
head)  is  a  niche.  In  this  stands  a  statue  of  Justice,  her  eyes  covered  by  a 
bonnet-rouge,  her  scales  and  sword  held  up  aggressively. 

See  No.  9196.   The  dress  of  a  juge  de  paix  was  as  depicted:  ordinary 
dress,  with  staff  and  olive-branch,  the  latter  suspended  on  a  white  ribbon 
with  red  and  blue  borders.    Gillray  was  observed  by  Frere  in  the  gallery 
of  the  House  of  Commons  'contemplating  very  seriously  and  I  hope 
successfully  the  features  of  Mr.  Nicholl'.   Bagot,  Canning  and  his  Friends , 
1909,  i.  143  (letter  to  Sneyd,  n.d.,  1797-8).   See  No.  9049.  Cf. 
And  fierce  Nicholl  who  wields  at  will 
Th'  emphatic  stick,  or  powerful  quill. 
To  prove  his  country's  ruin. 

'Ode  to  Lord  Moira'  (cf.  No.  9184). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  239.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  194.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8|  X  6j^g  in.   With  border,  9I X  7I  in. 

9212  LE  TR^SORIER. 
fGyd:&p 

Pu¥  May  21'^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  S^  James's  Street. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design :  French  Habits.  N°  ii. 
Sir  William  Pulteney  sits  directed  to  the  I.  on  the  lowest  of  three  large 
brass-bound  treasure-chests.  He  wears  a  powdered  wig,  plain  black  coat 
and  breeches,  and  top-boots.  On  the  1.  side  of  his  coat  hangs  a  gold  key, 
another  is  in  his  1.  hand.  His  r,  elbow  rests  on  a  chest  and  he  looks  through 
a  single  glass  at  a  large  open  book :  L'Etat  de  les  Finances  .  .  .  Republique. 
His  hat  and  gloves  are  beside  him.  Behind  is  a  pilastered  wall  and  the 
corner  (1.)  of  a  decorated  ceiling. 

See  No.  9196.  The  dress  of  the  treasurers  of  departments  was  'a  common 
black  coat ;  on  the  1.  side  a  small  key  embroidered  in  gold'.  Pulteney,  who 
occasionally  spoke  and  voted  against  the  Ministry,  was  designated  by 
Lord  Moira  as  his  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  in  the  letter  (15  June  1797) 
in  which  he  proposed  to  form  a  'third  party'  administration  which  should 
exclude  both  Pitt  and  Fox.  This  long  letter  was  printed  in  full  in  the  news- 
papers of  2-3  Jan.  1798:  'Hitherto  nobody  has  been  designated  for  any 
particular  office  but  Sir  Wm.  Pulteney.'  Cf.  the  'Ode  to  Lord  Moira*  (see 
No.  9184)  on  his  proposal: 

Old  Pulteney  too,  your  influence  feels, 
And  asks  from  you  th'  Exchequer  Seals, 
To  tax  and  save  the  nation  .... 
The  treasure-chests  are  appropriate  to  Pulteney  (1729-1808)  as  richest 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  9209. 
448 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

commoner  in  England  and  a  reputed  miser.  Bate-Dudley's  Vortigern  and 
Rowena,  1795,  ii.  89.   Cf.  No.  9281. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  239-40.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  195. 
8fx6|in.   With  border,  10  X7I  in. 

9213  MESS  ACER  D'ETAT. 

Pu¥  May  2r'  179S.  by  H.  Humphrey.  S*  jfames's  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Above  the  design :  French  Habits.  N°  12. 
Sir  F.  Burdett,  standing  with  his  I.  foot  forward,  his  head  in  profile  to  the 
1.,  his  hat  in  his  1.  hand,  holds  out  a  paper  to  an  official  whose  presence 
is  indicated  by  a  heavy  shadow,  and  the  arc  of  a  circular  pavement.  He 
is  scarcely  caricatured,  except  for  the  exaggeration  of  the  crest  of  hair  pro- 
jecting over  his  forehead.  His  dress  is  as  described  (except  that  his  cloak 
reaches  almost  to  the  ground  instead  of  being  short):  *A  long  white  waist- 
coat [tunic],  a  blue  sash,  blue  pantaloons,  a  short  blue  cloak  with  red  lappet; 
a  black  round  hat,  with  a  white  feather  streaked  with  blue  and  red:  half 
boots',  op.  cit.,  p.  6.  Cf.  No.  9182.  In  the  print  the  red  lining  of  the  cloak 
predominates.  A  pilastered  wall  and  stone-flagged  floor  form  a  background. 

See  No.  9196.  Burdett's  first  appearance  in  these  prints.  He  had  on 
I  Feb.  been  proposed  for  the  Whig  Club  (Land.  Chron.,  3  Feb.)  but  was 
blackballed  on  5  June,  as  too  much  of  a  firebrand.  Patterson,  Sir  Francis 
Burdett,  1931,  i.  96.  He  was  selected  by  the  Anti-Jacobin  (29  Jan.)  for  the 
part  of  messenger  to  collect  plebeian  guests  for  Fox's  birthday  celebrations 
at  the  Crown  and  Anchor  (cf.  No.  9168).  It  was  he  who  introduced 
O'Connor  to  Binns  (Feb.  1798),  when  the  latter  undertook  to  procure 
O'Connor  a  passage  to  France  to  negotiate  with  Hoche  (frustrated  by  the 
arrest  at  Margate).  Recollections  of  the  Life  of  John  Binns,  1854,  p.  83  f. 
(cf.  No.  9341). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  240.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  196.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.^ 
1830. 
8|x6|  in.  With  border,  10X7J  ^^• 

9214  THE  TREE  OF  LIBERTY,— WITH,  THE  DEVIL  TEMPTING 
JOHN  BULL. 

Jf'  Qy  inv  df 

Pu¥  May  23^  1798.  by  H  Humphrey.  27  S^  James  s  Street  London 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Round  a  bare  and  decayed  oak-tree  is 
twined  a  serpent  with  the  head  of  Fox;  he  has  scaly  arms  with  human 
hands  and  holds  out  a  damaged  apple  inscribed  Reform,  saying,  nice  Apple, 
Johnny! — nice  Apple.  John  Bull  (1.)  is  a  fat  and  squat  yokel,  wearing  the 
Windsor  uniform  of  blue  coat  with  red  collar  and  cuffs.  The  pockets  of 
his  coat  and  waistcoat  bulge  with  round  golden  apples.  His  back  is  to  Fox, 
towards  whom  he  looks  out  of  the  corners  of  his  eyes,  saying :  Very  nice 
N' apple  indeed! — but  my  Pokes  are  all  full  of  Pippins  from  off  t'other  Tree: 
&  besides,  I  hates  Medlars,  they're  so  domn'd  rotten!  that  Pse  afraid  they'll 
gie  me  the  Guts-ach  for  all  their  vine  looks!  Fox's  scaly  tail  is  coiled  round 
the  upper  branches ;  its  tip  issues  from  a  large  cap  of  Liberie,  decorated 
with  tricolour  cockade  and  ribbons,  which  is  poised  on  a  branch.  The 
trunk  of  the  tree  is  Opposition ;  its  roots  are :  Envy,  Ambition,  Disappoint- 
ment. The  main  branches  are  Rights  of  Man  (see  No.  7867,  &c.)  and 
Profligacy.  Each  rotten  apple  or  medlar  has  an  inscription:  Democracy. ^ 
Treason.,  Slavery.,  Atheism.,  Blasphemy.,  Plunder.,  Murder.,  Whig  Club, 

449  Gg 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Impiety,  Revolution,   Conspiracy,   Corresponding  Society,  Deism,  Age  of 
Reason  (Paine's  deistic  book). 

In  the  background  (r.)  is  an  oak  in  full  leaf:  its  trunk  is  Justice,  the  roots 
Commons,  King,  Lords,  the  branches  Laws  and  Religion.  From  it  hangs 
a  crown  surrounded  by  'pippins',  some  inscribed  Freedom,  Happiness, 
Security.  (Cf.  No.  8287,  &c.) 

The  theme  that  under  the  guise  of  a  demand  for  Reform  treason  and 
sedition  were  hatched  was  that  of  the  prosecutions  of  1793  and  1794  in 
England  and  Scotland,  and  of  the  Reports  of  the  Committee  of  Secrecy, 
see  No.  9369.  The  support  by  the  Opposition  of  Reform  is  here  identified 
with  sedition  and  with  the  plots  of  extremists  of  the  Corresponding  Society, 
see  No.  9189,  &c.  The  planting  of  a  Tree  of  Liberty  with  garlands  and 
emblems  was  carried  out  wherever  the  French  troops  established  them- 
selves. In  Dundee  in  Nov,  1792  rioters  erected  a  Tree  of  Liberty  with 
the  scroll  'Liberty  Equality  anci  no  Sinecures',  decorated  with  apples  and 
illuminated.  Meikle,  Scotland  and  the  French  Revolution,  19 12,  pp.  96-7. 
Cf.  Nos.  8631,  8826,  8831,  8846,  8986,  9193,  9229,  9369,  9393,  9412,  9422. 
The  emblem  derived  from  the  American  Revolution,  see  No.  5401  (1777), 
where  'The  Tree,  Of  Treason,  alias  Liberty'  is  depicted;  cf.  Nos.  5241, 
5336.  For  French  invaders  forcing  Italians  to  dance  round  a  Tree  of 
Liberty  see  a  French  satire  of  1797,  Ilfaut  danser  (reproduced  Broadley, 
ii.  32),  where  an  emblematical  tree  is  depicted.  For  Fox  as  a  serpent  cf. 
No.  8684. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  240.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  200.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
i3|x9|m. 

9214  a  a  copy  (coloured);  f  Qy  inv  &f  [sic],  is  pi.  A^"  V.  to  London 
und  Paris,  i,  1798.  Explanatory  text,  pp.  204-9. 

^  X  6|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9215  THE  FOX  THAT  LOST  HIS  TAIL. 
[.?Ansell.] 

Pu¥  May  25  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly — Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox,  with  the  body  of  a  fox,  addresses 
a  semicircle  of  other  foxes  with  human  heads.  His  tail  is  cut  off  and  lies 
on  the  ground  next  a  low  block  consisting  of  a  truncated  column.  Over 
this  block  projects  an  axe  held  in  the  King's  hand,  his  arm  (in  the  Windsor 
uniform)  projecting  from  the  1.  margin,  the  sleeve  inscribed  Royal  Peroga- 
tive.  The  axe  is  surmounted  by  a  crown  inscribed  Weighty  Reasons,  the 
blade  is:  Pro  Rege  lege  Grege.  Fox,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  with  outstretched 
r.  paw,  says:  You  cannot  conceive  my  Dear  Friends  how  comfortable  I  feel 
without  my  Tail,  our  worthy  Associate  there  first  underwent  the  Operation, 
and  I  have  no  doubt  but  every  one  of  you  that  is  troubled  with  that  useless 
incumber ance,  will  follow  so  glorious  an  example;  and  I  can  assure  you  it  is 
performed  with  such  expedition  and  ease  that  Egad  the  same  Machine  would 
take  off  all  our  Heads  in  the  twinkling  of  an  Eye. 

The  other  foxes  listen  intently;  they  are,  1.  to  r. :  Sheridan  and  Derby, 
both  behind  Fox ;  the  latter,  whose  tail  is  very  small,  turns  his  head  to  say 
/  dont  think  my  Tail  of  much  use ;  Sheridan  answers :  no  or  of  ornament 
either.   A  large  fox  with  a  magnificent  brush  ( ?  Grey),  next  Fox,  looks  at 

450 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

him  doubtfully.  Next  stands  Lauderdale,  his  head  turned  in  profile  to  the 
1. ;  Nicholls  lies  on  the  ground.  Tierney  sits  on  his  haunches,  next  Bedford, 
who  is  standing ;  these  two  have  fine  tails.  On  the  extreme  r.  sits  Norfolk, 
tailless,  looking  wistfully  at  Fox ;  he  says :  /  assure  you  I  feel  quite  cool  and 
comfortable  without  my  Tail  besides  being  fasionable  [see  No.  9168,  &c.]. 
Beneath  the  title :  A  Fox  taken  in  a  trap,  was  glad  to  compound  for  his  neck 
by  leaving  his  tail  behind  him.  it  was  so  uncouth  a  sight  for  a  Fox  to  appear 
without  a  tail,  that  the  very  thought  of  it  made  him  weary  of  his  life;  but  how- 
ever for  the  better  countenanc  of  the  Scandal  he  got  Master  and  Wardens  of 
the  Foxes  Company  to  call  a  Court  of  Assistants,  where  he  himself  appeared 
and  made  a  learned  discourse  upon  the  trouble  and  uselessness,  and  the  indecency 
of  Foxes  wearing  tails, — He  had  no  sooner  said  out  his  say  but  up  rises  a 
cunning  Snap  then  at  the  board,  who  desired  to  be  informed  whether  the  worthy 
member,  that  mov'd  against  the  wearing  of  Tails  gave  his  advice  for  the 
advantage  of  those  that  had  Tails  or  to  palliate  the  deformity  of  those  that 
had  None,  ^sops  Fables.  The  'cunning  snap'  is  apparently  the  fox  con- 
jecturally  identified  as  Grey. 

A  satire  on  the  removal  of  Fox  from  the  Privy  Council,  see  No.  9205,  &c. 
8|xi4fin. 

9216  MEMBERS  OF  THE  WHIG  CLUB. 
Dighton.  fecit. 

Pu¥  May.  25'*  1798.  by  Dighton.  Chars  Cross. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Norfolk  (1.)  and  Fox  (r.)  sit  close 
together,  hands  on  knees,  the  1.  knee  of  Norfolk  and  the  r.  knee  of  Fox 
touching ;  their  heads  are  turned  in  profile,  each  gazing  fixedly  at  the  other 
with  a  melancholy  expression.  On  the  back  of  Norfolk's  chair  is  a  ducal 
coronet ;  Fox  sits  on  a  stool.  At  their  feet  is  an  open  book :  List  of  his 
Majelstysl  \  Privy  Council  \  Earl  of . .  Lord . .  |  Duke  ofD...\  Earl  of .  .  .\ 
R^  Hon.  C.  J.  Fox  [scored  through]  Duke  of  Leed[s].  By  Norfolk  is  a  torn 
paper:  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  West  Riding  York  .  .  Under  Fox's  feet; 
A  Seat  in  Parliament  to  be  disposed  off  enquire  at  next  General  Election. 
Under  this  is  another  paper :  Speech  Whig  Club.  Their  words  (or  thoughts) 
are  etched  beneath  the  title  (1.) :  Charley,  keep  a  civil  |  Tongue  in  your  Head. 
(r.)  Jocky  of  Norfolk  \  be  not  so  bold. 

A  satire  on  the  toasts  and  speeches  at  the  Whig  Club  by  Norfolk  and 
Fox  and  their  results,  see  Nos.  9168,  9205,  &c.,  with  an  allusion  to  Fox's 
secession  from  Parliament,  see  No.  9018,  &c. 
6|x5f  in. 

9217  SHRINE  AT  ST  ANN'S  HILL. 
[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  May  26^^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey.  S^  James's  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Fox  kneels  in  profile  to  the  r.  with  bent 
back  before  an  altar,  his  hands  together.  His  unpowdered  hair  is  cropped. 
From  his  pocket  projects  a  book:  New  Constitut[ion].  The  altar,  draped 
with  a  cloth  on  which  crossed  daggers  are  embroidered,  is  raised  on  a 
stone  step.  On  it  is  a  guillotine,  dripping  blood.  To  this  is  tied  with  a 
tricolour  sash  two  tables,  resembling  those  of  the  Ten  Commandments, 
but  of  the  DROIT  DE  L'HOMME :  I.  Right  to  Worship  whom  we  please.  //.  Right 
to  create  &  bow  down  to  any  thing  we  chuse  to  set  up.  HI,  Right  to  use  in 

451 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

vain  any  Name  we  like.  IV.  Right  to  work  Nine  Days  in  the  Week,  &  do 
what  we  please  on  the  Tenth:  V.  Right  to  honor  both  Father  &  Mother, 
when  we  find  it  necessary.  VI.  Right  to  Kill.  VII.  Right  to  commit  Adultery. 
VIII.  Right  to  Plunder.  IX.  Right  to  bear  what  Witness  we  please.  X.  Right 
to  covet  our  Neighbour[s]  House  &  all  that  is  his.  On  the  altar  in  front  of 
the  guillotine  stand  three  roughly  made  posts  on  rectangular  pedestals. 
The  centre  one  (in  place  of  a  crucifix),  inscribed  Exit  Homo,  is  surmounted 
by  a  large  cap  of  Egalit4  with  a  tricolour  cockade ;  at  its  base  is  a  skull  and 
cross-bones.  On  the  other  posts  are  busts:  (1.)  Robert-  \  speire;  to  the  post 
are  nailed  two  bleeding  hands;  (r.)  Buona  \  -parte.  The  altar  and  guillotine 
are  backed  by  draped  and  fringed  curtains. 

From  the  upper  1.  corner  of  the  design  a  shaft  of  light  surrounded  by 
clouds  descends  towards  Fox.  In  this  are  the  winged  heads  of  six  members 
of  the  Opposition,  all  wearing  bonnets-rouges  and  looking  towards  the 
'Droit  de  THomme*.  In  front  is  Norfolk,  next  and  on  the  1.  is  Lansdowne 
with  an  inscrutable  smile.  They  are  followed  by  Bedford;  above  him  are 
Tiemey  and  Lauderdale.  Last,  and  on  a  smaller  scale,  is  the  malevolent 
head  of  NichoUs. 

A  satire  on  the  retirement  of  Fox  to  St.  Ann's  Hill  (see  Nos.  9244,  9340, 
9369,  9375),  during  the  secession  (see  No.  9018,  &c.),  in  which,  however, 
Lansdowne,  Tierney,  and  Nicholls  did  not  join.  Right  IX  is  an  allusion 
to  the  evidence  to  Arthur  O'Connor's  character  (on  22  May  at  Maidstone) 
given  by  Fox,  Norfolk,  Sheridan,  and  others  of  the  Opposition,  see  No. 
9245,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  242.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  199.  De  Vinck,  No.  4250. 
Broadley,  Napoleon,  i.  ii4f.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
i3iX9|in. 

9217  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  a  pi.  to  London  und  Paris,  i,  1798.  Explana- 
tory text,  pp.  292-7. 

^  X  6J  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9218  BLOODY    NEWS— BLOODY    NEWS— OR    THE    FATAL 
PUTNEY  DUEL 

[AnselL] 

Pu¥  May  26  lygS  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  stalwart  Tiemey  (1.)  and  the  lath- 
like Pitt  (r.)  face  each  other,  each  with  two  pistols.  Tierney  fires  at  Pitt 
with  horizontal  r.  arm;  Pitt  fires  into  the  air.  Between  and  behind  them 
are  Britannia  and  her  lion ;  she  throws  up  her  arms  in  terror,  screaming, 
oh  Murder  my  Darling's  in  Danger  oh!  oh!  The  agitated  lion  rolls  on  his 
back,  exclaiming,  oh  dear!  oh  dear.  Dundas,  in  Highland  dress,  is  Pitt's 
second,  he  clasps  a  large  decanter  with  a  crown  for  a  stopper,  inscribed 
Treasury  Cordial;  he  turns  to  shout  to  Britannia:  Never  fear  your  favorite 
Boy  is  in  no  Danger,  if  I  was  as  well  made  for  fighting  I'd  challenge  them  all. 
Pitt,  wearing  a  bag-wig,  stands  stiffly  in  profile  with  his  feet  together,  his 

thinness  much  exaggerated.  Tierney  says :  D it  one  might  as  well  shoot 

at  a  Rush  light.  He  is  standing  under  an  empty  gibbet  inscribed  late 
Abershaw.  His  second  stands  in  the  middle  distance,  with  clasped  hands, 
looking  at  Pitt,  and  saying:  oh  what  a  Pity  'tis  it  did  not  hit  his  waistcoat. 
The  scene  is  a  grassy  heath  with  distant  trees.   In  the  background  is  one 

452 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

of  the  new  telegraphs  (see  No.  9232):  a  shed  behind  which  is  a  high  frame 
with  (movable)  letters  which  record  Bloody  news  shot. 

For  the  duel  see  Pellew,  Life  of  Stdmouth,  i.  203-6 ;  Life  of  Wilberforce, 
ii.  280-6;  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  pp.  334-6.  Tierney  challenged 
Pitt  for  saying  that  his  obstruction  to  the  Navy  Bill  could  only  be  accounted 
for  'from  a  desire  to  obstruct  the  defence  of  the  country'  {Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii. 
1461,  25  May).  His  second  was  George  Walpole  (see  No.  9376),  Pitt's  was 
Dudley  Ryder.  They  fought  in  the  hollow  near  the  windmill  on  Wimble- 
don Common,  at  twelve  paces ;  they  fired  twice,  Pitt  firing  into  the  air  the 
second  time.  The  duel  was  watched  from  a  mound  on  Putney  Heath 
where  the  body  of  Abershaw  the  highwayman  was  suspended.  See  Nos. 
9219,  9222,  9223,  9225,  9227,  9231,  9233,  9537,  9538. 
9ToXi5|in. 

9219  THE  EXPLANATION. 

y^Gyd&f 

Pu¥  May  jo'*  lygS  by  H  Humphrey  S^  James  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.)  fires  his  pistol  into  the  air; 
Tierney  (r.)  fires  straight  at  Pitt,  saying,  Missed  him!  by  G  .  .  Each  has  a 
second  pistol  in  his  1.  hand.  Pitt,  in  profile,  says:  The  only  Explanation 
I  give  is  this!  There! — that^s  to  shew  you,  that  I  bear  no  Personal  Enmity! — 
but  that  no  consideration  of  my  own  Safety,  shall  deter  me  from  doing  my 
duty  to  King  &  Country!!! — so  Fire  away!  His  second,  Dudley  Ryder, 
stands  behind  (1.)  holding  a  sheathed  sword;  he  adds:  no  nor  unsay  any 
thing  which  we  know  to  be  true,  neither.  Tierney  faces  T.Q.  to  the  1. ;  in 
his  belt,  inscribed  Egalite,  are  two  daggers  dripping  blood;  a  tricolour 
cockade  decorates  his  round  hat.  Behind  him  (r.)  and  on  a  smaller  scale 
than  the  other  second  is  George  Walpole,  both  fists  clenched,  a  pair  of 
large  pistols  under  his  1.  arm;  he  says:  Missed  him? — O  Lord!  Its  worse 
than  y'  Morroon  business!  O  Lord!  0  Lord! — if  he  had  but  been  popp'd  off, 
how  nicely  we  might  have  popped  on, — O  Lord!  O  lord.  He  wears  a  very 
large  cocked  hat  and,  unlike  the  others,  is  caricatured.  (He  is  described 
as  leaping  over  the  furze-bushes  for  joy  at  seeing  the  duellists  still  erect. 
Rose,  op.  cit.)  Behind  Tierney  is  an  empty  gibbet  inscribed  Abershaw, 
placarded  This  Old  Iron  Shop  to  lett.  On  it  sits  a  crow  with  the  head  of 
Burdett  in  profile  to  the  1.  The  scene  is  a  plateau  of  grass  and  sand,  with 
St.  Paul's  and  London  spires  in  the  distance.  In  the  middle  distance  is 
a  coach ;  a  man  holds  the  door  open,  watching  the  duel,  as  does  a  postilion 
on  the  (nearer)  off  horse.   See  No.  9218,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  242.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  201.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9fXi4in. 

9219  A  A  copy  {fGyd—ft.)  is  pi.  N°  VI  to  London  und  Paris,  i,  1798. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  209-12. 

5i»g X  8i  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9220  DIVERS  PROJETS  SUR  LA  DESCENTE  EN  ANGLETERRE. 

No  II  [c.  June  1798] 

Engraving.  PI.  to  London  und  Paris,  i.  113.  Copy,  reduced  and  reversed, 
of  a  French  print.  A  view  of  the  Straits  of  Dover  with  a  large  fortified 
encampment  on  the  French  side  (I.)  and  a  small  encampment  in  England 
(r.).   On  the  extreme  1.  is  a  tiny  French  telegraph,  cf.  No.  8612.   In  the 

453 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

foreground  is  a  Channel  tunnel,  running  across  the  design,  the  roof  shored 
up  by  beams.  It  is  filled  with  an  invading  force,  headed  by  infantry,  who 
are  about  to  emerge  in  England.  They  are  followed  by  mounted  men,  gun- 
carriages,  and  (1.)  camp-followers  including  a  few  women.  The  sea  is 
covered  with  open  boats  filled  with  men;  from  them  bombs  are  lobbed 
into  the  English  ships  which  defend  the  coast.  A  fleet  of  balloons  advances 
from  France  to  England,  one  (r.)  is  about  to  descend  in  England  with  a 
cheering  crew,  one  (1.)  is  still  tethered.  The  only  aerial  defence  of  the 
English  are  kites:  a  man  sits  at  the  end  of  each  tail,  firing  a  musket  at  the 
balloons.  Infantry  (on  a  tiny  scale)  stand  in  close  formation  on  the  English 
coast. 

Thilorier,  an  avocat,  proposed,  December  1797,  when  projects  of  in- 
vasion were  being  much  discussed,  two  methods:  by  a  large  Montgolfiere 
(revived  by  him  in  1803,  when  the  balloon  was  called  a  Thiloriere,  see  vol. 
viii)  and  by  the  transport  of  an  army  under  the  Channel.  London  und  Paris, 
i,  1798,  p.  90.  Another  fantastic  project  was  The  Raft,  see  No.  9160,  &c. 
For  anticipations  of  the  military  balloon  and  aerial  transport  cf.  No.  9176, 
&c.   For  the  original  see  reproduction,  Bruel,  No.  158. 

Reproduced,  Wheeler  and  Broadley,  ii.  38 ;  Propylden-Weltgeschichte,  ed. 
W.  Goetz,  vii,  1926,  p.  144;  Grand-Carteret,  Napoleon  en  images,  p.  34. 
61 X  8|-  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9221   LOBSTERS  FOR  THE  LADIES  i.e.  JESSAMIN  SOLDIERS 
OR  A  VETERAN  CORPS  GOING  ON  DUTY.  N°  XVII . 

[Original  pub.  Fores,  2  June  1798]' 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  PI.  to  London  und  Paris,  ii,  1798,  a 
reduced  copy  of  an  English  print,  explanatory  text,  pp.  92-9.  Six  volun- 
teers with  muskets,  wearing  smart  Light  Horse  uniforms,  encounter  a 
slanting  shower  of  rain.  Three  have  umbrellas,  one  has  a  combined 
musket  and  (open)  umbrella.  The  two  without  protection  (1.)  are  dismayed. 
One  says :  O  Lord!  O  Lord!  I  must  set  of  if  I  get  wet  and  catch  cold  my  Mother 
will  never  let  me  wear  my  Uniform  again.  His  neighbour,  crouching  under 
the  umbrella  of  the  next  man,  says :  right  my  buck  cant  march  in  the  rain,  let's 
have  a  little  shelter  to  keep  the  powder  from  being  wash'd  out,  some  of  Warrens 
best  Jessmain.  The  next,  well  protected,  says:  March!  what  the  devil  do  you 
mean  why  dont  you  see  how  it  Rains!  The  next,  who  has  carelessly  spiked 
his  umbrella  with  his  bayonet,  turns  to  the  inventor,  saying:  very  clever 
Indeed  he  should  get  a  patent  for  it;  the  latter  says  It's  a  thought  of  my  own, 
shan't  be  spoilt  for  the  Assembly  this  time.  The  last  man  (r.),  opening  his 
umbrella,  says :  pon  my  Soul!  thats  a  very  clever  invention,  III  have  one  put 
to  my  Musket. 

On  the  1.,  in  old-fashioned  dress,  stand  Uncle  Toby  and  Corporal  Trim 
(from  Tristram  Shandy,  1759-67).  The  former  says,  putting  a  hand  on 
Trim's  shoulder:  Lord  bless  em'  afraid  of  spoiling  their  Cloaths  and  chatching 
[sic]  cold,  we  never  thought  about  such  things  did  we  Old  comrade?  Trim 
answers :  No!  or  our  prayers,  or  our  Christian  Names  when  we  went  upon  the 
Attack,  or  stood  in  the  Trench  or  forced  the  lines  or  faced  a  platoon.  In  the 
distance  are  the  roofs  and  spires  of  London,  with  St.  Paul's. 

One  of  many  satires  on  the  Volunteers,  &c.   The  eflFeminate  soldier  in 
No.  6156  (1782)  is  'Captain  Jessamy'.     Cf.  also  Private  Drilling,  p.  515. 
6J  X  81  in.   Original,  c.  1 1  x  17  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

'  A.  de  R.  vi.  64. 

454 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

9222  THE  SOLDIER  TIR'D  OF  WARS  ALARMS 

Dighton  fecit  Pub  by  Dighton  Chars  Cross  June  lygS 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  sits  on  a  draped  stool  inscribed 
Treasury  Bench,  between  two  draped  tables,  one  (1.)  covered  with  bags  of 
Gold.  He  sleeps,  his  head  resting  on  one  of  the  bags,  which  is  crooked  in 
his  I.  arm.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  Challenge,  his  long  spear  of  Perseverance 
leans  against  his  1.  arm  and  leg.  On  the  ground  is  his  shield  of  Confidence. 
Under  his  foot  is  a  torn  Gazette  Extraordi?iary.  Beside  him  (r.)  is  a  keg 
of  British  Spirits  from  Chatham,  whose  contents  are  gushing  to  the  floor ; 
across  it  lies  a  sword.  On  the  other  table,  slightly  behind  Pitt,  is  a  decanter 
of  Bitters  whose  stopper  is  the  head  of  Fox.  Beside  it  are  two  balls  and 
a  large  pill-box  inscribed  Southwark  Bolus's  on  which  rests  a  pistol.  Rays 
descend  on  Pitt's  head  from  the  word  Peerage. 

A  satire  on  Pitt's  duel  with  Tierney,  M.P.  for  Southwark,  see  No. 
9218,  &c. ;  for  his  ill-health,  and  the  report  that  he  was  going  to  the  Lords, 
see  No.  9226.   No.  5784  has  the  same  title,  that  of  the  song  in  Arne's 
Artaxerxes. 
6|-x6  in. 

9223  THE  DUEL— OR  CHARLEY  LONGING  FOR  A  POP. 
[L  Cruikshank.] 

London    Published  by  S  W  Fores.  30.  Piccadilly — June  i.  lygS. 
NB  Folios  of  Caricatures  Len  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured'  impression).  Tierney  (1.)  lunges  forward,  his  pistol 
levelled  at  Pitt  (r.),  who  stands  impassively,  his  pistol  pointing  at  the 
ground.  Fox  strides  forward,  puts  his  I.  hand  on  Tierney's  shoulder,  and 
offers  him  a  blunderbuss,  saying,  You  may  as  well  shoot  at  a  Needle  you'll 
never  hit  him  with  that  little  Pop  gun — here  take  this — it's  larger  in  the  Bore. 
Behind  Fox  and  on  the  extreme  1.  are  Bedford,  who  says  That's  near  the 
Mark,  and  Norfolk,  his  hereditary  Earl  Marshal's  baton  under  his  arm, 
saying.  Take  good  aim.  Above  their  heads  is  Abershaw's  empty  gibbet ;  a 
bird  perched  on  it  croaks :  plenty  of  room  Gemmen.  Pitt,  very  erect,  says : 
Arm'd  with  my  own  conscious  rectitude — /  /  defy  you  all.  Behind  him  capers 
Dundas,  wearing  tartan  coat,  breeches,  and  plaid ;  he  holds  up  a  constable's 
crowned  staff,  saying:  Murder!  Murder.  Stop  the  Duel  Stop  the  Duel.  The 
King's  r.  hand  projects  into  the  design  from  the  r.,  holding  a  larger  staff 
close  to  that  of  Dundas.  His  words  are  enclosed  in  a  label :  Stop  the  Duel 
Stop  the  Duel,  Ha~What—?— What— Shot!— Shot!— .  Two  spectators 
stand  in  the  middle  distance ;  one  looking  through  an  eye-glass  at  Pitt  says 
Not  in  the  least  embarrass' d\  the  other  answers  He  stands  as  easy  as  if  he 
was  in  a  drawing  Room.  In  the  background  is  a  house  surrounded  by  a 
paling.  See  No.  9218,  &c. 
9iXi5in. 

9224  PROPERTY  PROTECTED.  A  LA  FRANCOISE. 

[PAnsell.] 

Pu¥June  i'^  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  America  (1.),  a  handsome  young  woman 

wearing  quasi-classical  draperies  and   a  coronet  of  feathers,  is  being 

'  Perhaps  by  a  child  (who  has  given  Fox  and  Norfolk  red  hair). 

455 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

plundered  by  five  Frenchmen.  Two  wear  feathered  hats  and  cloaks  of 
Directors  (see  No.  9199),  one  of  them  (probably  Barras)  on  the  extreme  1. 
takes  her  by  the  chin,  pointing  to  two  sacks  inscribed  Private  Plunder  for  the 
Directors.  She  says  to  him,  her  head  turned  in  profile,  America  will  not  have 
her  rights  infringed  on.  He  answers :  We  infringe — Dat  be  ver  good!  Indeed 
Madame  Amerique  you  be  ver  pretty  Woman  and  toe  should  like  to  give  you 
the  hug  Fraternale  [cf.  No.  81 19],  Begar  we  do  not  want  to  quarrel  with  you, 
as  a  proof,  my  Brothers  the  grand  Directeur's  are  at  this  moment  take  all  de 
Care  possible  of  your  Baggage — derefore  if  you  vil  go  back  and  bring  littel 
more  of  de  V Argent  you  shall  be  admit  to  de  honor  of  de  sitting,  we  only  ask 
de  favor  we  never  sieze  on  property.  His  companion,  smiling  furtively, 
holds  the  purse  which  he  has  stolen  from  her,  while  unperceived  he 
twitches  out  one  of  the  twelve  feathers  of  her  coronet,  three  of  which  are 
inscribed,  Pensilvania,  Philadelphia,  New  York.  He  says :  By  gar  some  of 
dese  fedders  vil  look  vel  in  de  caps  of  us  Legislateurs, 

The  three  others,  two  in  regimentals,  one  in  bonnet-rouge,  have  a  large 
open  sack  of  plunder  inscribed  National  Sack  and  Diplomatic  perquisites. 
One,  kneeling,  holds  it  open,  a  drawn  sabre  inscribed  French  Argument  in  his 
r.  hand.  He  wears  a  large  cocked  hat,  long  queue,  and  is  out  at  elbows. 
He  says :  Oui  Oui  Madame  Amerique  dis  Argument  vil  convince  you  dat  all 
he  says  be  true.  The  two  others  empty  into  his  sack  the  contents  of  two 
smaller  ones;  one,  wearing  a  cavalry  helmet  on  which  is  a  dragon  with 
barbed  tongue,  has  a  sack:  Borrow''^  p'  Force  from  Switzerland.  The  other 
sack  is:  Extorted  from  Portugal.  The  sacks  are  full  of  plate,  including  a 
salver  with  the  Habsburg  eagle,  and  watches.  From  rents  in  it  escape 
coins,  a  chalice,  and  a  crucifix. 

The  scene  is  on  the  coast  near  the  Channel.  Across  the  water  is  Shake- 
speare^ s  Cliff,  rising  in  a  curve  to  a  mound  on  which  sits  in  a  chair  a  fat 
John  Bull  laughing  at  the  spoliation.  In  the  middle  distance,  by  the  French 
shore,  is  a  group  of  five :  a  Spanish  don  in  cloak  and  slashed  breeches  says : 
they'll  certainly  pluck  her  to  the  last  feather.  Next  him  (1.)  stands  the  Pope 
wearing  his  tiara  and  holding  an  open  book ;  he  says :  aye  they  left  me  nothing 
but  my  prayer  book  and  Crown,  and  stripd  that  of  its  jewels.  A  fat  Dutchman 
(r.),  pointing  across  the  water,  says :  Yaw  Mynheer  we  have  been  great  dupes 
and  there  sits  John  Bull  on  his  Rock  laughing  at  us.  Next  is  an  Austrian 
hussar,  saying,  yes  we  know  how  things  will  go  by  Experience.  The  fifth, 
behind  the  others,  may  be  a  Swiss. 

In  May  the  English  papers  (e.g.  Lond.  Chron.,  15  May)  published 
extracts  from  'the  XYZ  dispatches',  published  in  America  in  Apr.  1798, 
relating  the  negotiations  of  the  American  envoys  in  Paris  from  Oct. 
1797:  The  envoys  were  not  received  by  Talleyrand,  the  Foreign  Minister, 
but  were  visited  by  three  political  agents  (X,  Y,  Z  in  the  translation  laid 
before  Congress).  They  informed  the  Americans  that  if  they  wished  to 
make  a  treaty  with  France  they  must  pay  each  of  the  five  Directors  $50,000, 
apologize  for  remarks  by  Adams  in  a  speech  to  Congress,  buy  from  France 
an  extorted  Dutch  loan,  valued  at  $1,000,000.  The  result  was  a  revolution 
in  American  opinion  and  a  change  of  policy.  The  cry  was  'millions  for 
defence  but  not  a  cent  for  tribute'.  B.  Fay,  The  Revolutionary  Spirit  of 
France  and  America,  1928,  pp.  403  ff. ;  Camb.  Mod.  Hist.  vii.  320-1.  The 
French  entry  into  Rome  (Feb.  1798)  had  been  followed  by  the  pillaging 
of  the  Vatican,  palaces,  and  churches ;  the  Temporal  Power  was  abolished, 
and  the  Pope  sent  to  Tuscany,  and  later  to  Valence,  where  he  died  in  1799. 
Switzerland  was  revolutionized  by  a  large  French  army  in  Mar.  1798; 

456 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

a  central  Republic  was  set  up,  Geneva  and  Miilhausen  were  annexed, 
treasure  and  arms  were  seized  and  sent  to  France.  Ibid.  viii.  638-41.  For 
the  exactions  from  the  conquered  United  Provinces  see  No.  8608,  &c. 
9^1  X 16  J  in. 

9225  THE  DANGER  OVER  OR  BILLY'S  RETURN  TO  JOHN 
BULL 

[.?Ansell.] 

Pu¥yune  4^  1798  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly — Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  stands  (1.),  his  head  turned  in  profile 
to  the  r.,  showing  himself  to  John  Bull,  a  stout  yokel  who  stands  with  bent 
knees  and  hands  held  up,  grinning  up  at  him.  Pitt,  very  thin,  a  pistol  in 
his  r.  hand,  a  top-hat  in  his  1.,  says:  Here  I  am  Johnny,  safe  and  sound, 
The  Duel  over: — no  harm  done.  John  wears  a  round  hat,  a  belt  over  his 
old-fashioned  coat ;  his  lank  hair  falls  on  his  collar ;  his  coarse  features  are 
burlesqued.  He  says :  Bless  thee  how  glad  I  be  to  see  thee  come  back  safe. — 
why  didst  thee  risk  thy  precious  Life!  what  would  have  become  of  I  if  thee 
hadst  been  Shot!  how  I  should  ha  miss'd  thee!  No  one  to  ha  touched  up  a  few 
little  new  Taxes!  Nobody  to  tell  I,  that  I  was  the  happiest  Old  Man  alive 
and  that  my  pokes  were  over-running  with  Money!!  makeing  one  believe  every- 
thing is  right,  is  every-thing  thee  knawst — what  a  loss  I  shotdd  ha  had  0  thee. 
See  No.  9218,  &c. 
i2f  X9I  in. 

9226  THE   TREASURY    SPECTRE.    OR   THE   HEAD    OF   THE 
NATION  IN  A  QUEER  SITUATION 

[L  Cruikshank.]     Designed  by  Mary  Cruikshank 
Pub  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  June  9  lygS.   Folios  of  Caricatures 
Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  on  the  Parade  at  Bath.  Pitt  sits 
in  profile  to  the  r.  in  a  roughly  made  bath  chair  with  solid  wooden  wheels, 
his  swathed  and  gouty  legs  stretched  out  and  supported  on  a  bolster.  His 
head  is  skull-like  and  his  long  neck  emaciated ;  he  wears  a  dressing-gown 
which  reveals  a  bare  chest  on  which  is  a  paper :  Strengthening  Plaister  for 
the  Conscience.    His  r.  arm  is  outstretched,  the  fist  clenched;  his  cap  is 

held  out  in  his  1.  hand.   He  says  in  a  paroxysm  of  anger:  D the 

Cap D the  French  D the  War  O  my  Stomach.  Dundas  stands 

on  the  farther  side  of  the  chair  putting  to  his  patient's  mouth  a  decanter 
inscribed  Water  of  Oblivion,  and  saying.  Come  come  you  must  not  be  so 
Obstreperous  put  on  your  Cap  your  stomach  will  be  easy  when  this  Qualm  is 
over  here  take  a  sip  lad.  He  wears  a  Scots  bonnet  and  over  his  coat  a  tartan 
plaid.  On  the  chair:  WP  \  Parade.  Bath.  Two  yokels  stand  together  on 
the  extreme  1.  One  (1.)  says,  pointing  to  Pitt,  Zooks,  be  that  there  the  Kings 
great  high  Minister,  what  the  man  who  Taxed  old  Dobbin  [cf.  No.  6672].  The 
other,  who  holds  a  pitchfork  and  leans  on  his  friend's  shoulder,  answers: 
Aye  zure  Dom  'un  I  wish  un  in  our  Mill  Pond  id  tax  un.  The  scene  is  a 
flat  pavement  backed  by  a  stone  balustrade  beyond  which  stretches  open 
country.  On  the  extreme  r.  is  the  corner  of  a  building  inscribed  Parad[e]. 
At  this  time  Pitt  was  ill ;  the  King  recommended  Bath.  Stanhope,  Life 
of  Pitt,  1867,  iii,  App.,  pp.  xiv-xv.    Wilberforce  wrote  (diary,  i6  June): 

457 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

'Pitt  well  again.  Reported  that  he  insane ;  that  wounded  in  duel ;  that  going 
into  the  House  of  Lords;  .  .  .'  Life,  ii.  292.  Auckland  wrote,  i  Aug.,  Pitt 
'is  greatly  recovered,  but  is  much  stricken  in  his  constitution.  .  .  .  His 
spirits  are  as  good  and  his  mind  as  active  as  ever.'  Auckland  Corr.  iv.  41. 
Cf.  Nos.  9222,  9231,  9237,  9241.  For  the  duel  see  No.  9218,  &c.  The 
title  probably  derives  from  the  popular  Castle  Spectre,  see  No.  9289. 
8|xi3|in. 

9226  A  A  copy  (coloured),  same  signature,  is  pi.  N°  XIII  to  London  und 
Paris,  i,  1798.   Explanatory  text,  pp.  387-90. 

6/g  X  8 1  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9227  TEARS  OF  SENSIBILITY— SYMPATHY  A  POEM— LET'S 
ALL  BE  UNHAPPY  TOGETHER  ie  THE  WHIG  CLUB  IN  DIS- 
TRESS &c,  &c 

[PAnselL] 

Pu¥  June  11^^  lygS  by  SW  Fores  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  Foxites  surround  an  oblong  table,  the  1.  end  of  which  is  cut 
off  by  the  margin  of  the  design.  Fox  only  is  standing,  the  central  figure 
on  the  farther  side  of  the  table.  All  weep  copiously,  tears  splash  to  the 
table  and  stream  from  it  to  the  ground,  where  empty  bottles  float.  On  the 
table  are  decanters  of  French  Wine.  Fox,  with  Erskine  on  his  r.,  Bedford 
on  his  1.,  gazes  mournfully  to  the  r.,  his  hands  clasped;  he  says:  O  Dear! 
Dear  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald,  the  Worthiest,  the  truest,  most  hot  hearted, 
the  bravest,  the  best  of  us  All,  the  most,  like  myself,  and  whoever  feels  for  him 

must  feel  for  me  also.    We  are  not  only  connected  by  ties  of  Blood,  but 

As  for  Politicks  we  must  not  enter  into — there  is  nothing  however  at  Paris, 
in  America,  Russia,  Prussia,  Holland,  Switzerland,  Ireland  or  at  Maidstone, 
but  we  have  thoroughly  Canvassed,  and  as  Ministers  you  know  {and  some  of 

them  well  know  our  tricks)  are  D d  III  natured  just  now  we  must  wait  a 

more  favourable  opportunity  Would  to  God  they  would  only  employ  them- 
selves in  settling  who  should  be  Honorable  and  who  Right  Honorable  [see 
No.  9205,  &c.],  but  my  nerves  are  in  such  a  State  that  I  cannot  proceed  Oh  poor 
Fitzgerald,  poor  fellow,  do  not  Mistake!!  I  do  not  feel  for  myself  at  all  no 
not  at  all!!!  Erskine,  his  hands  also  clasped,  says.  Poor  Neddy  I  shall  lose 
a  Job.  Bedford  says,  holding  a  handkerchief  to  his  eye  and  looking  up 
at  Fox,  /  am  sure  I  feel  for  him  poor  Neddy.  Sheridan  sits  at  the  end  of  the 
table  (r.),  on  which  his  elbows  rest,  gazing  up  at  Fox;  he  says:  The  Man 
who  can  think  of  his  own  happiness,  while  his  Friend  is  in  distress  deserves 
to  be  hunted  as  a  Monster  to  Society."  School  for  Scandal.  On  the  extreme 
r.  Grey  ( ?)  stands  in  the  water,  stooping  to  bale  it  with  a  bucket,  and 
calling :  here  Tom  help  to  empty  the  Bucketts,  or  we  shall  all  be  drowned.  On 
the  nearer  side  of  the  table  (1.)  are  Norfolk  and  Tierney.  The  former  turns 
in  profile  to  the  r.  towards  Tierney,  both  fists  clenched,  saying,  poor  Neddy, 
gone.  Tierney  turns  his  back  on  the  table  on  which  his  1.  arm  rests;  he 
clenches  his  r.  fist,  saying.  Ah  Poor  Neddy!  I  can't  get  that  cursed  Gibbet 
of  Abershawe  out  of  my  head  [see  No.  9218,  &c.].  From  his  pocket  projects 
a  newspaper:  Courier  [see  No.  9194,  &c.]  Good  News  from  Ir[eland]  the 
Kings  Forces  defeated  in  three  different  Actions.  [See  No.  9228,  &c.] 
Behind  and  between  them  sits  Lauderdale  in  profile  to  the  r.,  saying. 
Ah  Poor  Neddy. 

458 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1798 

Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald  (Fox's  first  cousin),  a  leader  of  the  United 
Irishmen,  remained  in  hiding  after  the  arrest  of  the  other  members  of  the 
'Directory'  on  12  Mar.  Lord  Clare  at  least  was  anxious  for  his  escape, 
but  he  remained  in  or  near  Dublin  continuing  preparations  for  a  rising 
on  23  May.  ^1,000  reward  was  therefore  offered  and  he  was  arrested  on 
19  May,  after  a  desperate  struggle,  in  which  he  was  wounded,  dying  of 
wounds  on  4  June.  Fitzpatrick,  Secret  Service  under  Pitt,  pp.  116  fT.  See 
Nos.  9244,  9262,  9369.  Erskine,  noted  for  his  egotism,  see  No.  9246,  &c., 
mourns  that  he  shall  not  defend  him  in  a  treason  trial  (cf.  No.  8502). 
Fox  and  other  members  of  the  Opposition  had  given  evidence  at  Maid- 
stone on  22  May  in  favour  of  Arthur  O'Connor,  see  No.  9245,  &c. 
9X15!  in. 

9228  UNITED  IRISHMEN  UPON  DUTY. 

fGyinv  &  p 

Pu¥  June  12^^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  2y  S^  James's  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  night  scene  with  a  waning  moon. 
United  Irishmen  burn  and  plunder.  On  the  1.  is  the  corner  of  a  farm 
house  with  flames  pouring  from  a  casement  window.  A  ruffian  wearing 
a  military  coat,  tricolour  cockade  and  green  branch  in  his  hat,  seizes  the 
burly  farmer  by  the  neck-cloth  and  raises  a  sword  to  strike ;  the  dripping 
blade  is  inscribed  Liberty,  and  a  mastiff  lies  dead  beside  him.  Immediately 
behind,  in  a  doorway,  another  ruffian  seizes  a  woman  round  the  waist ;  an 
infant  lies  on  the  ground.  A  man  holding  a  dagger  is  disappearing  into 
the  house,  another  comes  out  with  a  bundle  on  his  head.  Behind  are  the 
flames  of  the  burning  house.  Over  the  thatched  lintel  is  a  dove-cote  from 
which  birds  are  escaping.  Three  other  men  hurry  off  laden  with  plunder 
towards  a  road  which  leads  to  a  camp  flying  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed 
Equality.  The  nearest  (r.)  holds  a  sow  on  his  back  by  the  hind  legs;  her 
little  pigs  run  after  her ;  a  goose  hangs  from  his  belt.  A  bare-legged  man 
with  a  dagger  in  his  belt  pushes  a  wheelbarrow  laden  with  trunks.  In  the 
background  other  plunderers  proceed  along  the  road ;  a  man  prods  a  cow 
with  his  spear.  The  road  is  crowded  with  sheep.  In  the  distance  is  a  burn- 
ing town.  A  companion  print  to  No.  9229. 

Owing  to  the  arrest  of  the  leaders  in  Dublin  (cf.  No.  9227)  and  the  lack 
of  timely  aid  from  France,  the  Rebellion  had  the  character,  not  of  a  civil 
war,  but  of  a  fanatical  religious  and  agrarian  peasant  revolt.  In  some 
districts  every  house  belonging  to  a  Protestant  was  burnt  to  the  ground. 
The  Rebellion  broke  out  on  23  May,  on  30  May  the  rebels  entered  Wex- 
ford, which  was  reoccupied  by  the  troops  on  21  June.  See  Ann.  Reg.,  1798, 
pp.  105  ff. ;  Guillon,  La  France  et  VIrlande  pendant  la  Revolution,  1888, 
pp.  352  ff. ;  Lecky,  Hist,  of  England,  1890,  viii.  55  ff.  See  also  Nos.  9227, 
9229,  9231,  9234,  9235,  9236,  9242,  9244,  9245,  9249,  9254,  9276,  9339, 

9369,  9370- 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  203.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  205.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
7-|xio  in. 

9228  A  A  copy  (coloured),  J.G.,  is  pi.  N"  XH  to  London  und  Paris,  i, 

1798.   Explanatory  text,  pp.  383-7. 

6ix8|in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

459 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9229  UNITED  IRISHMEN  IN  TRAINING 

fGyinv&p 

Pu¥  June  13.  lygS.  by  H.  Humphrey  27  iS*  James's  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  9228.  Outside 
a  country  ale-house  ruffians  are  practising  their  weapons  at  close  range  on 
the  effigy  of  a  British  soldier  which  is  spiked  on  a  spear  (1.):  helmet,  coat 
stuffed  with  straw,  top-boots.  One  man  levels  a  spear,  another  fires  a  mis- 
shapen pistol,  a  third,  who  is  bare-legged,  with  a  headsman's  axe  in  his 
belt,  fires  a  blunderbuss  whose  large  bullets  fall  to  the  ground.  In  the  fore- 
ground (r.)  a  woman  turns  the  handle  of  a  grindstone  on  which  a  man 
sharpens  a  sword ;  on  the  ground  is  a  pile  of  weapons :  swords,  daggers, 
spears,  muskets,  and  a  pistol.  Behind  (r.)  men  with  pikes  and  spears  gather 
round  the  inn-door,  which  is  inscribed  True  French  Spirits.  They  drink ; 
the  landlord  fills  a  glass  from  a  small  keg.  All  wear  tricolour  cockades. 
The  (pictorial)  sign  over  the  door  is  Tree  of  Liberty  (see  No.  9214,  &c.). 
In  the  background  are  a  broken  paling,  trees,  and  a  mountainous  sky-line. 
Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  242-3.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  204.  Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
7I X  10  in. 

A  print  in  the  House  of  Lords  Library, 
[GRATTAN  ADDRESSES  THE  MOB.] 
J"  Gy  inv.  etf 
Pu¥  June  18^^  lygS  by  H  Humphrey y  27  S^  James's  Sir. 

Aquatint.  No  title.  Grattan  stands  (r.)  on  a  low  inverted  tub  addressing 
a  plebeian  crowd.  The  front  row  are  a  seller  of  stock-fish  (as  in  No.  6994), 
a  night-man  or  scavenger,  a  chimney-sweep.  Behind  are  a  girl  holding  a 
basket  of  poultry,  a  man  with  a  basket  of  vegetables  on  his  head.  There 
is  a  background  of  acclaiming  figures  throwing  hats  into  the  air ;  the  front 
row  appears  perplexed.  Behind  Grattan  is  the  lower  part  of  an  ale-house ; 
over  the  door:  Real  Irish  Whiskey;  on  the  wall  an  Irish  harp. 

For  Grattan  see  No.  9343,  9370.  Malone  on  12  June  1798  called  him 
'the  principal'  of  those  'who  have  hallooed  on  the  papists  to  this  bloody 
year',  who,  'having  set  the  kingdom  in  a  blaze  is  now  lodging  in  London*. 
Windham  Papers,  ed.  Rosebery,  ii.  73.  Similar  accusations  were  made  in 
a  violent  pamphlet  by  Dr.  Duigenan,  An  Answer  to  the  Address  of  Henry 
Grattan,  1798;  4th  ed.,  1799.  Cf.  No.  9228,  &c. 
c.  8x12  in. 

9230  PIGS  MEAT;— OR— THE  SWINE  FLOGG'D  OUT  OF  THE 
FARM  YARD. 

J'Gyd.  &f. 

Pu¥  June  22^  1798,  by  H  Humphrey  29  S*  James  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  and  Dundas  (in  tartan),  back  to 
back,  vigorously  ply  long  whips  against  a  herd  of  swine  with  human  faces 
whom  they  drive  through  broken  palings  from  the  enclosure  in  which  they 
stand  (r.).  On  the  extreme  1.  is  the  corner  of  a  pound  through  which  poke 
the  heads  of  two  (normal)  swine,  ringed  and  shedding  tears.  The  swine 
who  are  being  flogged  have,  beside  their  human  heads,  ringed  snouts,  both 
heads  being  enclosed  in  a  wooden  triangle.    The  leaders  are  Fox,  with 

460 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

Norfolk  (cf.  No.  9205)  on  his  r.  and  Bedford  (cf.  No.  8684)  on  his  1.  The 
others  are  less  prominent:  Erskine,  Tierney,  looking  over  Fox's  back, 
Burdett,  Derby,  and  Nicholls  (1.),  while  M.  A.  Taylor  (r.),  smaller  than 
the  others,  scampers  to  r.  instead  of  1.  Beside  the  pound  (1.)  stands  a 
grinning  yokel  (John  Bull) ;  on  its  post  is  a  placard :  London  Corresponding 
Society — or  the  Cries  of  the  Pigs  in  the  Pound.  The  background  is  a  row 
of  conical  haystacks  behind  which  is  a  thatched  and  gabled  farm-house. 
Below  the  title  verses  (50  11.)  are  etched  in  three  columns : 

Once  a  Society  of  Swine, 

Liv'd  in  a  Paradice  of  Straw, 

A  herd  more  beautiful  and  fine 

I'm  sure.  Sir  Joseph  [Mawbey,  see  No.  7163],  never  saw, 

A  stack  Yard  very  tempting  stood. 
Near  to  the  Place  where  our  Pigs  dwelt. 
And  as  the  Grain  within  seem'd  good. 
Each  a  desire  to  Taste  it,  felt! 
But,  ah!  'twas  fenced  with  Paling  stout, 
To  keep  destructive  Pigs  zoithout: 

One  boar  there  was  with  Fat  opprest  [Fox], 
An  overgrown  enormous  brute. 
Who  long'd  much  more  than  all  the  rest 
To  ransack  this  forbidden  Fruit, 

"Citizen  Pigs,  it  grieves  me  much 
"  To  see  your  want  of  spirit  such, 

"Grub  up  for  shame  these  Palings  vile 
"And  let  us  every  Stack  despoil! 

The  Pigs  who  follow' d  his  advice 
Grub'd  up  the  Pales, — when  in  a  trice 
Their  Noses  Ring'd, — &  Ears  cut  off  they  found 
Some  lost  their  Tails;  &  some  clap'd  up  in  Pound 

And  Johnny  Bull,  a  gaping  grins. 
And  cries,  " — poor  Pigs,  you  suffers  for  your  Sins 
"Wounds  how  it  makes  a  body  Laugh, 
"To  see  that  Folks  wont  know,  when  they're  well  off 
Tigs  Meat'  derives  from  Spence's  publication,  see  No.  8500,  &c.   For 
loss  of  tails  cf.  No.  9227.    After  the  arrest  of  members  of  the  London 
Corresponding  Society,  see  No.  9189,  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act  was  again 
suspended,  Tierney  and  Nicholls  voting  for  it,  the  minority,  including 
Sheridan,  being  five  only.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  1429  ff.  (20  Apr.);  on  i  June 
the  Alien  Act  was  continued. 

The  stack-yard,  according  to  London  und  Paris,  ii.  82,  is  that  of  Farmer 
George ;  the  stacks  terminate  in  bunches  of  straw  resembling  crowns.  One 
of  many  allusions  to  Fox's  desire  to  restrict  the  King's  authority,  cf.  No. 
9196. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  245-6.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  206.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
7fX9fin.  PI.  i3|X9|in. 

461 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9230  A  A  (coloured)  copy  is  pi.  N°  XVI.  to  London  und  Paris,  ii,  1798. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  80-91. 

6i  X  8|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9231  WHITSUNDAY  DUELISTS. 

Published  June  22  1798,  by  Francis  Chalmer  Esq^  of  Liverpool. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Frontispiece  from  'The  Whitsunday 
Duel,  or  the  Sabbath-Breakers  in  the  Stocks.  A  Poem'  (in  Print  Room). 
Pitt  (r.)  and  Tierney  (1.)  sit  side  by  side  in  the  stocks;  the  r.  wrist  of  Pitt 
and  the  1.  of  Tierney  are  shackled  to  the  central  post,  on  which  is  suspended 
a  pair  of  pistols  above  the  inscription  Gout  (see  No.  9226).  The  stocks 
are  inscribed  Putney  Heath  Three  o' Clock  on  Whitsunday  with  Pistols  at 
Twelve  paces,  May  27,  lygS. ;  by  Pitt  are  the  words  Bellum  Interstogginum. 
Pitt  holds  a  bottle  of  Irish  Whisky,  beside  him  are  two  bottles  inscribed 
Oblivion.  Their  legs  are  thrust  through  the  stocks  so  that  their  feet  rest 
on  the  ground,  Tierney's  on  a  stone  inscribed  Flogging  System.  Tierney 
wears  a  top-hat ;  he  holds  a  paper.  Resistance  to  Oppression,  and  turns  to 
Pitt,  saying,  How  drunk  you  was  how  you  reeVd;  no  wonder  I  miss'd  you, 
especially  so  far  off.  Pitt  answers :  My  hand  was  not  steady  I  might  as  well 
fire  at  the  Sun,  as  I  did — /  did  not  chuse  to  be  too  near.  The  Devil,  a  scaly 
imp  with  webbed  wings,  clutches  Pitt  by  the  shoulders ;  on  his  tail  is  Pitt's 
hat,  inscribed  Hat  of  Slavery  Stamp.  He  says :  Go  your  ways  Old  Man 
He  is  engaged  with  me  always  on  a  Sunday.  By  the  Devil  are  the  words  : 
Fytatalrisco  the  Sunday  Genius^  the  Brother  of  Lyarobolo  of  every  day.  By 
Pitt  is  a  paper:  Toulon  [see  No.  8434],  Dunkirk  [see  No.  8341],  Corsica  [see 
No.  8516],  iS'  Domingo,  Ouiberon  [see  No.  8669],  Ostend  [see  No.  9232]. 

Facing  the  stocks  John  Bull  (1.),  a  yokel  with  lank  hair  and  a  belt  outside 
his  coat,  kneels  on  one  knee,  his  hands  held  up ;  he  says :  Here  be  I  come  to 
bail  thee,  thee' II  be  the  death  of  I  with  drinking  and  Sabbath-breaking  & 
fighting  on  Sundays — Be  I  always  to  pay  for  thee  &  thee  no  religion  at  all — 
If  thee  was  in  Ireland  thee'd  be  flogg  d  for  this:  I  does  not  mind  a  little  cash. 
If  thee'd  but  behave —  Beside  him  are  his  hat  inscribed  Stamp  3^  and  a 
corked  jar  inscribed  Aureum  Potabile  Bakers  Weight  L2.000.000.  Behind 
him  and  on  the  extreme  1,  is  a  large  book,  the  cover  inscribed :  Thou  shalt 
keep  holy  the  seventh  day  it  is  the  Sabbath  of  the  Lord  thy  God.  In  the  back- 
ground (1.)  is  a  small  gibbet  with  a  body  hanging  from  it.  Above  the  head 
of  John  Bull; 

Behold  the  great  Law  Maker, 

Of  whom  all  Men  do  Brag; 

See  him  turned  Sabbath-Breaker, 

A  Sunday-Fighting  Wag. 

A  Minister  to  claw  Sir. 

The  Constable  it  shocks; 

But  tis  Old  England's  law  Sir^ 

That  he  be  put  in  Stocks. 

Above  Pitt's  head: 

Oh  thou  gentle  generous  youth 
Fam'dfor  Virtue  Worth  and  truth 
Why  didst  thou  to  battle  go 
And  risque  thy  Fav' rites  years  of  woe; 

Chorus  of  Virgins. 

462 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

Beneath  the  design: 

The  Gibbet  gloried  in  the  sight 

Abershaw  was  seiz'd  with  fright. 

Another  tenant  now  I  see, 

I  must  leave  the  Gallows  free. 
Below  the  design,  a  second  title :  Heaven-Born  Billy  the  Sabbath  Breaker 
in  the  Stocks,  for  Prophaning  the  Sabbath  &  Fighting  on  the  Lords  Day. 

For  the  duel  see  No.  9218,  &c.  Pitt  is  also  satirized  (as  in  No.  9157) 
for  the  miscarriages  of  the  war,  repression  in  Ireland  (see  No.  9228,  &c.), 
and  the  burden  of  taxation,  as  well  as  for  his  deep  drinking,  of.  No.  8683. 
8igXi3iiin. 

9232  OPPOSITIONTELEGRAPHS ;— OR— THE  LITTLE  SECOND- 
SIGHTED  LAWYER  GIVING  A  TRUE  SPECIMEN  OF  PATRIOTIC 
INFORMATION— 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  June  23^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  upper  part  of  a  telegraph,  not  the 
usual  screen  in  one  plane  (cf.  No.  8837),  but  two  screens  at  r.  angles  to 
each  other,  the  point  of  junction  in  the  centre  of  the  design.  This  is  sup- 
ported on  a  rectangular  structure  the  upper  part  of  which  is  open,  with 
an  aperture  below  each  telegraph.  From  each  of  these  Jekyll  looks  out 
in  profile  to  the  1.  and  r.,  respectively.  The  telegraph,  which  is  in  the  fore- 
ground, the  lower  part  cut  off  by  the  lower  margin  of  the  design,  overlooks 
from  a  height  two  views  of  the  mouth  of  the  Bruges  Canal,  flowing  from 
an  undulating  landscape  with  a  small  town  and  distant  windmills.  Each 
Jekyll  pulls  strings  which  are  attached  to  circular  disks  (for  letters)  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  apparatus.  On  the  1.  he  looks  through  a  rolled  paper 
inscribed  Morning  Chronicle  over  the  intact  sluice  at  the  mouth  of  the 
canal,  outside  which  are  a  few  boats.  From  the  disks  above  floats  a  label : 
Ay,  now  let  us  see  what  are  the  fruits  of  this  miserable  Ostend  Expedition! — ay, 
I  see  that  the  intelligence  I  had  from  Bruges,  was  of  undoubted  authority! — 
yes,  yes,  our  Informations  are  always  to  be  depended  upon! — ay!  sure  enough 
there's  the  great  Sluice  of  Sluykens,  which  was  blown  up! — the  damages  have 
all  been  repaired  in  a  Week,  &  the  Canal  is  now  as  full  as  at  any  former 
period! — O  Lord!  O  Lord! — this  is  the  way  that  poor  John  Bull's  money 
goes!  Above  each  telegraph  floats  a  tricolour  flag  surmounted  by  a  bonnet- 
rouge  ;  on  the  1.  the  flag  is  inscribed  June  20  lygS,  on  the  r.  it  is  June  21. 
1798, 

On  the  r.  Jekyll  looks  through  a  rolled  paper:  Cap^  Pop' em's  Information 
from  Cap**  Winter.  The  landscape  below  shows  a  block  of  masonry  explod- 
ing in  the  middle  of  a  turbulent  flood  in  which  are  carried  down  timbers 
and  wrecked  boats.  His  telegraph  signals:  Why  what  the  devil  do  I  see? — 
zounds,  why  here's  incontestable  evidence  that  the  Sluices  are  all  destroyed! 
— the  Masonry  all  blown  up! — and  the  Navigation  of  the  Canal  at  an  end! 
O  Lord!  what  damages  they  have  done! — why  it  can't  be  repaird  by  any  effort, 
in  less  than  12  Months! — Mercy  upon  me,  what  will  my  Lord  Malagrida  say 
when  I  tell  him  about  the  business?  Jekyll's  two  profiles  are  identical ;  both 
smile  waggishly.  Above  the  design:  "/  trust  the  World  will  not  regard  me, 
as  a  Person  ready  to  bring  before  them  any  matter  which  does  not  rest  on  a 
proper  foundation!"  Below  the  title:  "After  so  candid  &  honorable  a  State- 
ment, no  man  can  suspect  the  Hori'^  Gentleman  of  Wilful  Misrepresentation" 
— ikf'  Z)*  remark. 

463 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

A  secret  expedition  against  Ostend,  to  cut  the  sluices  and  so  destroy  the 
Bruges  Canal  (connected  with  Nieuport,  Dunkirk,  Sluys,  and  Flushing),  to 
check  the  naval  preparations  against  England,  was  planned  and  carried 
out  by  Sir  Home  Popham;  troops  were  disembarked  on  i8  May  and 
successfully  cut  the  sluices,  but  a  sudden  high  wind  off  land  prevented  the 
ships  from  taking  off  the  troops,  who  were  surrounded,  and,  after  a  despe- 
rate resistance,  forced  to  surrender.  The  Morning  Chronicle  published  a 
disparaging  comment  on  Popham's  dispatch:  *We  thought  the  attack  was 
of  a  character  more  legitimate  than  against  the  Gates  of  a  Canal ;  and  we 
lament  that  the  French  Government  have  such  an  opportunity  of  boasting 
of  the  vigilance  of  their  defence'  (23  May).  This  led  to  attacks  from  the 
Anti-Jacobin  (28  May,  4,  1 1  June).  On  20  June  Jekyll  spoke  in  the  House 
on  'the  miserable  and  unsuccessful  attempt  at  Ostend  .  .  .  the  great  sluice 
.  .  ,  had  not  been  blown  up  .  .  .  the  canal  was  now  as  full  as  at  any  former 
period  .  .  .  [&c.  &c.]'.  Lond.  Ckron.,  20  June.  On  21  June  Jekyll  withdrew 
these  statements  on  information  from  Captain  Popham,  'who  had  consulted 
with  a  Captain  Winter.  .  .  ,  M'^  Dundas  expressed  his  warm  approbation 
of  the  honorable  and  candid  behaviour  of  the  Learned  Gentleman  .  .  .  .' 
Ibid.,  23  June.  (Not  in  Pari.  Hist.)  See  Anti-Jacobin,  2  July.  The  expedi- 
tion is  included  with  calamities  in  No.  9231.  According  to  J.  S.  Corbett 
it  was  *a  thoroughly-well  designed  and  brilliantly-executed  enterprise'. 
Spencer  Papers,  1914,  ii.  225.  See  ibid.,  pp.  248,  &c.,  but  cf.  No.  9037, 
pp.  478-9.  Sir  J.  Fortescue  condenuis  it,  see  Hist,  of  the  British  Army,  iv. 
587-9.  The  telegraph  is  the  English  adaptation  of  the  French  semaphore 
(see  No.  8612);  six  shutters  were  placed  in  a  vertical  framework,  cf.  No. 
9218.  A  diagram  of  the  one  erected  on  the  Admiralty  in  Feb.  1796  is  in 
the  Print  Room  (reproduction,  Wheeler  and  Broadley,  i.  125).  For  Jekyll 
as  the  protege  of  Lansdowne  (Malagrida),  see  No.  9179,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  245.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  202.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8|X  i2f  in.   With  border,  lojx  14  in. 

9232  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  A^"  IX  to  London  und  Paris,  i,  1798. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  298-302. 

Sf  X  8|  in.   With  border,  6f  x  8f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9233  THE  ROYAL  RUSH  LIGHT!! 

London.  Pub.  by  Will"*  Holland,  N"  50,  Oxford  Street,  June,  25,  lygS. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  a  very  elongated  mannikin,  with  a 
candle-flame  rising  from  the  crown  of  his  head,  stands  on  a  rectangular 
block  inscribed  T[rea]sury  bench.  His  head  and  the  flame  are  irradiated 
to  indicate  a  rush-light ;  his  hands  are  on  his  hips,  and  his  head  is  turned 
defiantly  in  profile  to  the  1.  By  his  r.  foot  is  a  paper:  Sedition  Bill,  see 
No.  8687,  &c.  The  'bench'  is  surrounded  by  leaders  of  the  Opposition 
(T.Q.L.)  on  a  larger  scale,  who  puff  blasts  at  Pitt's  head.  In  the  fore- 
ground are  Fox  (1.)  and  Sheridan  (r.).  Behind  Fox  is  Erskine.  Behind  the 
bench  stand  the  bulky  Norfolk  and  the  slim  Bedford.  On  the  extreme  r. 
is  Tierney,  wearing  a  top-hat,  not  pufiing  but  firing  his  pistol  point-blank 
at  the  back  of  Pitt's  head.  All  look  up  at  Pitt  and  all  are  in  profile  except 
Norfolk.    Beneath  the  title : 

A  set  of  Jolly  fellows  once  together  were  all  met 

And  tried  with  all  their  might,  effectually  to  crush  a  light, 

464 


POLITICAL  SATIRES    1798 

But  firm  as  a  rock — on  a  Bench  made  of  oak 
Stood  the  taper  Royal  Rush  light. 
They  puff'd  at  the  Rush  light! 
The  steady  Royal  Rush  light! 
But  all  would  not  do, 
To  Blow  out  the  Rush  light!! 
For  Pitt's  duel  see  No.  9218,  &c.   For  the  symbol  of  the  rush-light  cf. 
No.  8283,  where  the  light  is  the  King,  and  Cruikshank's  The  Royal  Rush 
Light,  1 82 1,  where  the  light  is  Queen  Caroline. 
10^X13  in. 

9233  A  A  copy  is  pi.  N<^  X  to  London  und  Paris,  iii,  1799.  Explanatory 
text,  pp.  347-50. 

6fx8|in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9234  AN  EXTRAORDINARY  SCENE  ON  THE  ROAD  FROM 
LONDON  TO  PORTSMOUTH,  OR  AN  INSTANCE  OF  UN- 
EXAMPLED SPEED  USED  BY  A  BODY  OF  GUARDS, 

Rowlandson.  Delin.  Schutz  sculp. 

Aquatint.  Troops,  crowded  in  carts,  &c.,  approach  Portsmouth,  where 
distant  ships  are  at  anchor.  In  the  foreground  are  country  carts  drawn  by 
soldiers  at  a  gallop.  Other  soldiers  are  in  and  on  a  coach,  the  Portsmouth 
Fly ;  a  drum  and  fife  are  being  played  on  the  roof;  large  flags  float  from  the 
windows.  This  is  followed  by  officers  in  a  perch  phaeton.  Young  women 
take  leave  of  soldiers.  A  drummer  gallops  on  a  donkey  with  a  young  bands- 
man in  each  pannier.  In  the  middle  distance,  besides  other  vehicles,  are 
two  of  the  new  four-horsed  conveyances  for  soldiers,  who  sit  as  in  an  Irish 
jaunting-car,  see  No.  9238.  In  the  foreground  (r.)  is  the  corner  of  a  small 
thatched  ale-house.  The  Jolly  Soldier.  An  old  soldier  with  a  wooden  leg 
sits  fiddling  at  the  door,  while  the  host  and  his  family  wave  farewell.  The 
title  continues:  Consisting  of  ig20  Rank  &  File,  besides  Officers;  who  on 
the  10^'*  of  June,  1798,  left  London  in  the  morning,  and  actually  began  to 
Embark  for,  Ireland  at  Portsmouth  at  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  having 
travelled  74  miles  in  10  hours. 

Cf.  A  Letter  from  Portsmouth,  June  11:  'Last  night  and  this  morning 
great  numbers  of  the  Guards  have  arrived  here  in  coaches,  chaises,  fish 
carts,  and  carriages  of  every  description  that  were  to  be  had  on  the  road  . . . 
and  will  sail  tomorrow  morning  for  Ireland.  .  .  .'  Lond.  Chron.,  14  June 
1798.   For  the  Irish  Rebellion  see  No.  9228,  &c. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  349.  Reproduced,  R.  Nevill,  British  Military 
Prints,  1909,  p.  31. 
i4|X22f  in. 

9235  HENRY  MUNRO  CHIEF  OF  THE  IRISH  REBELS 
[Rowlandson.] 

London  Pub  July  i  lygS  at  Ackermanns  Gallery  N  loi  Strand 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  Monroe  (not  carica- 
tured), heavily  armed,  carrying  a  long  spear  across  his  shoulder,  rides,  r. 
to  1.,  across  a  grassy  mound,  followed  by  a  rabble  of  ill-armed  and  ragged 
Irishmen.  In  the  background  small  figures  flee  from  burning  buildings. 
Beneath  the  title :  Who  Commanded  on  the  13^'^  of  June  lygS  an  Army  of 
about  yooo  Rebels,  on  the  high  grounds  behind  Lord  Moira's  house,  near 

465  Hh 


CATALOGUE  OF    POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Ballynahinch  was  after  the  defeat  of  his  Army  taken  prisoner  the  15*''  Ins* 
skulking  in  the  fields.  .  .  .  he  was  tried  by  a  Court  Martial  at  Lisburn,  where 
he  had  been  a  Shopkeeper)  and  on  the  Evidence  of  his  own  Adherents  he  was 
found  guilty  of  High  Treason  and  executed  before  his  own  door  . . .  [abridged]. 
For  the  insurrection  in  County  Down,  9-13  June,  see  Lecky,  Hist,  of 
England,  1890,  viii.  13 1-5.  Monroe,  a  linen-draper,  formerly  an  active 
volunteer,  was  chosen  as  the  leader  of  a  large  body  of  rebels  who  attacked 
the  troops  at  Ballynahinch  with  great  courage.  The  town  was  burnt  down. 
Cf.  Canning's  song  Ballynahinch  {Anti-Jacobin,  9  July).  For  the  Rebellion 
see  No.  9228,  &c. 
7f  X9I  in.  With  border,  lofx  13  in. 

9236  PORTRAIT  OF  AN  IRISH  CHIEF;  DRAWN  FROM  LIFE 
AT  WEXFORD. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  July  J(y*  1798,  by  H.  Humphrey  27  5'  James  Street 

Aquatint.  The  Irishman,  with  coarse  features  and  cropped  hair,  stands 
on  a  rounded  hill,  1.  arm  raised  oratorically,  r.  hand  on  one  of  two  pistols 
in  his  belt,  saying.  No  Union,  Erin  go  Brack!  He  wears  a  round  hat  tilted 
to  one  side,  and  with  a  small  tuft  or  plume,  a  double-breasted  coat  with 
the  skirts  looped  up,  pantaloons  and  half-boots,  a  long  sabre.  He  looks 
to  the  1.  On  the  plain  beneath  (r.),  across  which  run  tiny  fugitives,  are 
burning  buildings  and  clouds  of  smoke. 

He  is  said  to  be  Grattan  (at  this  time  in  England),  but  there  is  no 
resemblance  to  his  portraits,  or  to  other  representations  of  him  by  Gillray. 
He  refused  to  join  the  United  Irishmen,  but  on  the  groundless  charge  of 
an  informer  of  being  a  sworn  member  of  that  body  he  was  struck  off  the 
Irish  privy  council  on  6  Oct.  1798.  The  portrait  is  more  probably  a  genera- 
lized one.  Cf.  a  plate  of  a  typical  Irish  insurgent  in  1798,  Wheeler  and 
Broadley,  The  War  in  Wexford,  1909,  p.  104,  and  the  description  of  the 
Wexford  men,  ibid.,  p.  73.  Among  their  varied  banners  was  a  flag  with  an 
Irish  harp  surmounted  by  a  cap  of  Liberty  and  the  motto  Erin  go  bragh. 
Ibid.,  p.  294  (pi.).  For  the  Irish  Rebellion  see  No.  9228,  &c. 

Grego,  Gi7/rfly,  p.  243.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  438.  Reprinted,  G.PF.G., 
1830. 
I2|x8|  in.   With  border,  i4ix  io|  in. 

9237  BILLY'S  FANTOCCINI  OR  lOHN  BULL  OVER  CURIOUS. 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  July  16  lygS.  Folios  of  Caricature 
lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull  (1.)  addresses  Pitt,  who  drags 
behind  him  a  puppet-show  on  wheels,  the  front  of  which  is  removed,  show- 
ing the  interior  of  the  House  of  Commons.  Pitt,  r.  hand  on  breast,  bows 
towards  John,  who  is  a  stout  yokel  in  a  tattered  and  belted  smock ;  in  his 
1.  hand  are  the  strings  which,  passing  through  the  end  of  the  box  contain- 
ing the  puppets,  are  attached  to  the  figures  inside,  including  the  Speaker 
and  members  on  both  sides  of  the  House.  The  galleries  are  empty.  He 
is  very  thin  with  swathed  gouty  legs  and  large  slashed  shoes.  John  wears 
spectacles,  an  empty  purse  hangs  from  his  belt,  he  holds  his  hat,  in  the 
crown  of  which  are  the  royal  arms,  the  stamp  showing  payment  of  the  tax. 

466 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

He  bends  towards  Pitt,  saying,  /  cant  get  a  peep  at  what  is  going  on  in  the 
Box.  now  thats  very  hard.  I  always  had  had  a  look  in  when  I  liked — Now 
Bless  ye  Master  Billy  let  me  have  one  Squiny.  Pitt  answers:  /  assure  you 
M^  Bull — /  know  no  more  than  you  do,  what  is  going  forward! — I  have  been 
ill  with  the  gout,  a  considerable  time  [see  No.  9226] — Besides  if  you  were  to 
peep — the  Machinery  is  intirely  beyond  your  shallow  comprehention!  The 
open  front  of  the  puppet-show  is  draped,  hke  the  proscenium  of  a  theatre, 
with  a  curtain,  and  this  is  inscribed  Mobilitate  Viget  \  Virgil.  A  stout 
member  is  speaking,  close  to  the  Speaker's  table.  The  benches  are  full. 
Evidently  a  satire  on  the  clearing  of  the  House  of  strangers  for  the 
debates  on  Ireland  on  14  and  21  June.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  1487,  1514.  The 
Anti-Jacobin,  25  June,  pillories  among  'Lies'  a  paragraph  in  the  Morning 
Post,  15  June:  'Fifteen  new  Peers  are  immediately  to  be  made.  One  of 
them  is  Mr.  Baker  who  proposed  the  exclusion  of  the  Public  from  the 
Gallery  of  the  House  of  Commons',  with  the  comment,  'Englishmen  who 
are  not  in  the  habits  of  seeing  the  French  Papers,  can  have  no  idea  of  the 
avidity  with  which  the  violent  language  of  the  soi-disant  Patriots  is  received 
in  France,  and  officially  diffused  through  the  Country.'  Cf.  No.  9194. 
g^  XI  si  in. 

9238  THE  LIGHT  HORSE  VOLUNTEERS  OF  LONDON  &  WEST- 
MINSTER, COMMANDED  BY  COLL  HERRIES,  REVIEWED  BY 
HIS  MAJESTY  ON  WIMBLEDON  COMMON  5TH  JULY,  1798. 

Rozvlandson. 

Published  July  j5'*  1798.  by  M'  H.  Angelo,  N°  11  Curzon  Street, 
May  Fair  &  at  the  Fencing  Academy,  Grace  Church  Street. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  semicircle  of  spectators  borders  a  wide 
space  on  which  cavalry  gallop  in  regular  procession.  They  are  preceded 
by  galloping  horses  drawing  gun-carriages  and  followed,  in  the  distance, 
by  three  of  the  new  military  cars,  drawn  by  six  horses  (instead  of  the  actual 
four).  Behind  these  are  infantry  in  single  file.  Mounted  troops  (the  Surrey 
Yeomanry)  surround  the  review-ground,  keeping  back  the  spectators, 
many  of  whom  are  on  the  roofs  of  coaches  and  who  are  drawn  with 
humorous  realism. 

The  review  of  354  horse  and  154  foot  is  described  at  length.  Land. 
Chron.,  6  July.  For  this  exclusive  body  see  No.  8476.  Dismounted  troops 
were  added  in  1798,  with  cars  for  transport  called  'Expeditions',  ibid.,  pp. 
101-2  (the  subject  of  a  plate  by  Rowlandson,  i6  May  1798:  Expedition  or 
the  Military  Fly.  Twenty  soldiers  sit  back  to  back  as  in  a  jaunting-car,  an 
officer  or  N.C.O.  standing  at  each  end.  It  is  drawn  by  four  horses  with  two 
postilions).   See  No.  9234. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  349.    Reproduced,  Memoirs  of  Angelo,  1904, 
i.  340. 
i2^X  17 J  in.   With  border,  15IX  2o|  in. 

9239  MILITARY  PORTRAITS— OR  A  %RACE  OF  HEROES. 
[PAnsell] 

Pu¥  July  30*^  lygS  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caracatur 

lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  officer  wearing  the  high  plumed  hat 
of  a  St.  James's  Volunteer  sits  an  ungainly  horse  in  profile  to  the  r.   He 
holds  one  rein  awkwardly,  the  other  lies  on  the  horse's  neck.   Despite 

467 


f< 


.v 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

uniform,  gorget,  and  a  drawn  sabre  against  his  r.  shoulder,  his  appearance 
is  unmilitary.  In  the  background  (1.)  is  a  pavilion  in  which  are  tiny  figures, 
one  holding  a  large  flag  on  which  is  a  wreath  surrounding  a  circle.  On  the 
r.  is  a  paling  over  which  look  a  few  spectators.  The  officer's  words  are 
in  the  upper  r.  corner :  Serjeant  I  desire  you  toill  hack  upon  that  Old  Woman 
facing  the  front  rank  the  glare  of  her  red  cloak  will  put  the  Gentlemen  out. 
Beneath  the  design  is:  Major  Sturgeon  O  Such  Marchings  and  Counter- 
marchings,  from  S^  James's  to  Tottenham  Court  from  Tottenham  Court,  from 
Tottenham  Court  to  S'  James's. 

The  scene  is  evidently  the  presentation  of  colours  by  the  Duchess  of 
York  to  the  St.  James's  Volunteers  in  Calvert's  ground,  Bedford  Square, 
on  5  July.  Their  colonel  was  Baron  Amherst,'  and  a  pavilion  was  erected 
for  the  'Duchess  of  York  and  nobility,  and  for  Lord  Amherst  and  his 
friends'.  Lorui.  Chron.,  6  July  1798.  The  uniform  resembles  that  of  a 
St.  James's  Volunteer,  No.  1(1  June  1798),  in  Rowlandson's  plates  of 
Volunteer  Military  Costume.  Major  Sturgeon  is  the  cockney  militia  officer 
in  Foote's  Mayor  of  Garratt  (1763)  (played  by  Foote).  He  says,  i.  i.: 
*0  such  marchings  and  counter-marchings,  from  Brentford  to  Elin 
[Ealing],  from  Elin  to  Acton  .  .  .  .'  Cf.  No.  9242. 
i2|Xi4i  in. 

9240  NEW  MORALITY;— OR— THE  PROMIS'D  INSTALLMENT 
OF  THE  HIGH-PRIEST  OF  THE  THEOPHILANTHROPES,  WITH 
THE  HOMAGE  OF  LEVIATHAN  AND  HIS  SUITE. 

J"*  Gillray,  inv.  &  fed — 

Puhlishd  August  J**  1798.  by  J.  Wright  N°  i6g.  Piccadilly,  for  the 
Anti-Jacobin  Magazine  &  Review 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Folding  pi.  (also  issued 
separately)  to  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review  and  Magazine,  i.  115,  facing  a  quo- 
tation (32  11.)  from  Canning's  'New  Morality'  {Anti-Jacobin,  9  July  1798), 
which  is  also  etched  beneath  the  plate,  prefixed  with  the  additional  lines : 
—''behold! 
"The  Directorial  Lama,  Sovereign  Priest — 
"Lepaux — whom  Atheists  worship — at  whose  nod 
"Bow  their  meek  heads — the  Men  without  a  God! 
The  quotation  ends: 

"In  puffing  and  in  spouting,  praise  Lepaux! — Vide  Anti-Jacobin 
The  design  closely  follows  the  poem;  the  Jacobin  Clubs  have  installed 
Larevelliere-Lepeaux,  protected  by  'Buonaparte's  victor  fleet',^  'The  holy 
Hunch-back  in  thy  Dome,  S*  Paul' :  indicated  by  the  bases  of  three  great 
pillars.  He  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.  on  a  three-legged  stool  before  the 
altar,  and  is  approached  by  a  fantastic  procession  of  English  Jacobins  who 
'wave  their  Red  Caps'.  He  reads  from  a  book,  Religion  de  la  N[ature],  his 
r.  forefinger  raised  admonishingly.  He  is  surrounded  by  four  hideous,  sub- 
human creatures,  two  with  short  tails,  who,  as  news-boys,  cry  their  respec- 
tive papers:  one  has  the  Morning  Post — Forgeri  L' Eclair,  its  columns 
headed  Puf,  Puff,  Puf.  (For  Gillray's  dislike  of  newspaper  puflfs  cf.  Nos. 

'  The  profile  in  the  print  is  not  inconsistent  with  the  much  later  (non-profile) 
engraved  portraits.  One  of  the  spectators  in  the  pavilion  was  Lady  Plymouth  (see 
No.  7430),  whom  Amherst  married  24  July  1800. 

*  The  date  of  publication  is  that  of  the  Battle  of  the  Nile,  news  of  which  reached 
England  on  26  Sept.,  confirming  a  report  in  the  Ridacteur  of  14  Sept. 

468 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

7584,  9085,  9396.)  Facing  him  is  the  vendor  of  the  Morning  Chronicle,  its 
three  columns  headed  Lies,  Blasphemy,  Sedition,  and  above  each  is  written 
a  lire  (see  No.  9194)-  These  two  blow  their  horns.  A  sansculotte  in 
enormous  jack-boots  holds  up  a  paper  torch  inscribed  Courier ;  his  papers 
are  inscribed  French  Paper  (cf.  No.  9237).  His  vis-a-vis  holds  a  torch 
inscribed  Star,  whose  flame  is  star-shaped.  Two  have  Bloody  News  on  the 
front  of  their  caps  (cf.  No.  8981).   These  are 

^^ Couriers  and  Stars,  Sedition's  Evening  Host, 
"Thou  Morning  Chronicle,  and  Morning  Post, 

The  group  is  on  a  circular  stone  dais  supporting  the  altar,  on  which 
stand  three  figures  on  bases  inscribed  respectively  (1.  to  r.)  Justice,  Philan- 
thropy, Sensibility:  (i)  A  frenzied  hag  ('The  avenging  angel  of  regenerate 
France'),  with  the  snaky  locks  of  Discord,  holds  a  dagger  in  each  hand; 
her  breasts  hang  to  her  belt,  which  is  inscribed  Egalite;  she  tramples  on 
the  sword  and  scales  of  Justice.  (2)  A  stout  woman  clasps  a  globe  on  which 
Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa  are  indicated,  squeezing  it  out  of  shape.  (She 
'glows  with  the  general  love  of  all  mankind'.)  She  tramples  upon  papers: 
Ties  of  Nature  and  Amor  Patriae.  (3)  A  weeping  woman  looks  down  at 
a  dead  bird  in  her  r.  hand ;  in  her  1.  is  a  book  Rosseau  [sic] ;  she  tramples 
on  the  decollated  head  of  Louis  XVI.  She  illustrates  the  lines  (not 
quoted)  on  'Sweet  Sensibility'  (mourning  for  'the  widow'd  dove').  A 
pillar  beside  the  altar  is  encircled  with  the  names  of  Voltaire,  Robertspierre, 
Mireabeau.  Against  the  altar  step  (r.)  lies  a  bundle  of  three  books,  two 
being  Common  Prayer  and  Holy  Bible,  tied  up  with  a  tricolour  scarf 
inscribed  pour  les  Commodites.  Next  it  is  a  sack  bulging  with  church  plate, 
including  a  chalice  and  mitre ;  this  is  Philanthropic  Requisition. 

Poets  head  the  procession,  carrying  and  escorting  a  large  Cornucopia  of 
Ignorance  from  which  pour  papers  and  pamphlets ;  Southey,  with  an  ass's 
head  and  hoofs,  kneels  beside  it  in  obeisance  to  Lepeaux,  holding  out 
Southeys  Saphics  (see  No.  9045) ;  his  Joan  of  Arc  protrudes  from  his  pocket. 
Coleridge,  also  with  an  ass's  head,  holds  out  Coleridge  Dactylic[s].  Two 
little  ragged  men  (with  a  third  who  is  partly  hidden)  support  the  cornu- 
copia, convolutions  of  which  are  inscribed  Critical  Review,  Monthly  Review, 
Analytical  Review.  Their  bonnets-rouges  have  the  dangling  bells  of  a 
fool's  cap  (cf.  No.  9374).  Two  frogs  squat  beside  the  cornucopia  holding 
up  a  large  paper:  Blank  Verse  by  Todd  &  Frog  [Blank  Verse  by  Charles 
Lloyd  and  Charles  Lamb,   1798;   see  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  i.    178  n.]. 

They  are  the  'five  other  wandering  bards':  'C dge  and  S — th — y, 

L d  and  L b  and  Co\  With  these  (and  next  Coleridge)  Lord  Moira 

(not  mentioned  in  'The  New  Morality',  but  a  butt  of  the  Anti-Jacobin,  see 
No.  9184)  stands  stiflfly  in  profile,  oflFering  his  sword  to  Lepeaux,  and  hold- 
ing out  a  paper:  Relief  for  Irish  Philanthropists.  Behind  the  cornucopia 
is  a  man  supporting  a  basket  on  his  head  containing  plants,  on  each  of 
which  sprouts  a  bonnet-rouge.  It  is  labelled  Zoonomia  or  Jacobin  Plants 
(an  appropriate  offering  to  the  botanist  Lepeaux).  He  is  Darwin  (not 
caricatured  in  'The  New  Morality'),  whose  Loves  of  the  Plants  had  been 
parodied  in  the  Anti-Jacobin ;  his  Zoonomia;  or,  the  Laws  of  Organic  Life, 
was  published  1794,  1796.  The  last  of  the  literary  group  are  Priestley  and 
Wakefield,  each  holding  a  pen  and  paper;  the  former,  from  whose  pocket 
projects  a  paper,  Inflam[mable]  Air,  holds  out  Priestley's  Political  Sermons 
(see  No.  7887).  The  other  partly  conceals  his  face  with  Wakefields  answer 
to  Llanda[ff].  In  his  Reply  .  .  .  (1798)  to  Watson's  Address  .  .  .  (see 
No.  9182)  he  welcomed  the  prospect  of  a  French  invasion  (cf.  No.  9371), 

469 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

The  papers  pouring  from  the  cornucopia  are  Envy  \  Lies  |  Wilful 
Perversi[on]  |  Abuse  I  Ignorance.  It  has  disgorged  a  pile  of  pamphlets  which 
lie  in  the  foreground  at  the  altar  step :  Letter  to  Peers  of  Scotland  [probably 
Lauderdale's  Letters  to  the  Peers  of  Scotland,  1794];  Curwens  Speech 
[Curwen,'  M.P.  for  Carlisle,  published  a  speech  made  at  a  meeting  con- 
vened in  1797  to  petition  the  King  to  dismiss  his  Ministers] ;  The  Question 
[probably  The  Question  as  it  stood  in  March  lygS,  by  Sir  P,  Francis, 
against  the  war];  The  Enquirer;  Wrongs  of  Women  [M.  Wollstonecraft's 
Maria,  or  the  Wrongs  of  Women,  1798,  reviewed  Anti-Jacobin  Reviezo, 
i.  91-3];  M"  Godwin  Memoir  [Godwin's  Memoirs  of  the  Author  of  a 
Vindication  of  the  Rights  of  Woman,  1798,  reviewed  ibid.  i.  94-102]; 
Tarltons  Principl[es] ;  Monthly  Magazine;  Tookes  Speeches  [see  No.  8817] ; 
Kingsbury  rep[ly]  [Benjamin  Kingsbury,  like  Wakefield,  wrote  an  Answer 
.  .  .,  1798,  to  Watson's  Address  .  .  .,  reviewed  ibid.  i.  78-82,  telling  him 
that  the  number  of  republicans  'is  not  small ;  but  it  increases  rapidly,  and 
will  continue  to  increase'] ;  Walsingham  [Perdita  Robinson's  novel,  Wal- 
singham;  or,  the  Pupil  of  Nature,  1797,  reviewed  ibid.  i.  160-4];  Lauder- 
dale on  Finance  [Letter  on  the  present  measures  on  Finance,  1798] ;  Knave 
or  not  [a  comedy  by  Holcroft,  Drury  Lane,  25  Jan.  1798,  reviewed  ibid. 
i.  51-4,  and  in  Monthly  Review,  Feb.  1798:  'As  Mr.  Holcroft  is  obnoxious 
to  the  predominant  party,  this  play  has  sustained  strong  and  increasing 
marks  of  hostility'];  Letter  to  Bishops;  Young  Philosoph[er]  [a  novel  by 
Charlotte  Smith,  1798,  reviewed  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  i.  187-90];  Councel 
M'^  Fungus  Speech  [cf.  the  parody  of  a  speech  by  Mackintosh  (Macfungus) 
in  the  Anti-Jacobin,  4  Dec.  1798] ;  Bob  Adair's  half  Letter  [Part  of  a 
Letter  from  Robert  Adair  to  C.  J.  Fox  .  .  .,  ridiculed  in  the  Anti-Jacobin, 
22  Jan.  1798 :  'Wrote  Half  a  Letter, — to  demolish  Burke'] ;  Morris's  Bawdy 
Songs  [cf.  No.  9023;  he  had  recently  published  a  patriotic  song,  see 
Wright,  Caricature  History  of  the  Georges,  pp.  522-3 ;  since  the  death  of 
a  favourite  son  he  had  'renounced  singing  any  of  his  light  songs'.  Lady 
Holland's  Journal,  ii.  11];  Monroe's  Justification  [James  Monroe  published, 
1797,  View  of  the  Conduct  of  the  Executive  in  the  foreign  affairs  of  the 
United  States  .  .  .,  defending  his  mission  to  France,  1794-6];  Original 
Letters  [probably  Copies  of  Original  Letters  .  .  .  by  persons  in  Paris 
[H.  M.  Williams  and  J.  H.  Stone]  to  D^  Priestley  in  America,  Taken  on 
Board  a  neutral  Vessel,  1798,  reviewed  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  i.  146-51. 
This  elicited  from  Priestley  a  repudiation  of  the  writers'  desire  for  a  French 
invasion  of  England,  cf.  also  Monthly  Magazine,  v.  488];  Pacification 
[Pacification;  or,  the  Safety  and  Practicability  of  a  Peace  with  France 
demonstrated:  .  .  .,  1798,  see  Critical  Review,  xxii.  459-60]. 

Behind  Priestley  advances  Leviathan,  with  the  head  of  the  Duke  of 
Bedford,  a  barbed  hook  through  his  nose:  "Thou  in  whose  nose  by  Burke's 
gigantic  hand  \  "  The  hook  was  fix'd  to  drag  thee  to  the  land,  an  allusion  to  the 
Letter  to  a  Noble  Lord,  see  No.  8788.  The  monster  has  a  gigantic  ear, 
a  scaly  body  whose  convolutions  support  a  paunch  and  thighs  terminating 
in  a  forked  tail ;  it  is  on  the  edge  of  waves  in  which  its  followers  are  swim- 
ming. On  its  neck  sits  Thelwall,  spattered  with  dirt,  holding  out  oratori- 
cally  Thelwalls  Lectures  [see  No.  8685].  Across  its  broad  back  straddle 
Fox,  Tierney,  and  Nicholls,  all  wearing  their  bonnets-rouges;  from  the 
pockets  of  the  two  last  issue  respectively  Tierney's  Address  and  Nicols 
Speec[hes].  In  the  water  swims  Erskine,  pen  in  hand,  holding  Causes  of  the 
War  132^  Edit  [his  Causes  and  Consequences  of  the  War  with  France, 
'  Mentioned  in  the  poem  for  his  sympathy  for  Lafayette. 
470 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

1798,  rapidly  went  through  forty-five  editions].  Behind  him  floats  a  barrel, 
Whitbreads  intire  [see  No.  8638];  it  contributes  to  'the  yeasty  main'. 
Immediately  behind  it  is  Norfolk,  holding  up  a  frothing  glass,  with  a  paper 
in  his  r.  hand:  Whig  Toasts  &  Sentiments  [see  No.  9168,  &c.].  Near  him 
the  much  smaller  head  and  shoulders  of  Sir  George  Shuckburgh  emerge 
from  the  water.  Behind  Norfolk  is  Burdett,  cap  in  hand,  holding  up  a 
paper:  Glorious  Acquittal  O' Conner  [see  No.  9245,  &c.]  dedicated  to  Lady 

Ox d  (an   early   allusion    to   the   liaison   between   them).    Erskine, 

Norfolk,  and  Bedford  have  tails  like  that  of  Leviathan ;  the  other  swimmers 
may  be  presumed  to  have  them.  Behind  them  is  Lord  Derby,  waving 
his  cap  and  revealing  small  horns  on  his  head  (cf.  No.  9074).  Next  is 
Byng,  holding  up  Cocoas  Address  to  the  Electlors]  of  Middlesex  [cf.  No. 
8782].  He  is  followed  by  Courtenay,  holding  up  a  pamphlet:  Stolen  Jests 
upon  Religion ;  the  point  of  his  cap  has  a  bell  indicating  Folly  (cf .  No.  7052). 
All  these  are  'wallowing  in  the  Yeasty  main'  which  froths  around  them. 
Watching  the  procession  is  a  crowd  of  humbler  Jacobins,  who  wave  caps 
and  arms  and  shout  in  frenzied  homage  to  Lepeaux.  Among  them  is  the 
inevitable  chimney-sweeper  waving  brush  and  shovel.  Above  them  (1.)  fly 
five  birds  with  human  heads,  the  largest  being  Lansdowne  with  his  inscrut- 
able smile ;  his  wings  are  feathered,  those  of  the  four  smaller  creatures  are 
webbed.  The  foremost  is  (?)  Stanhope,^  next  a  tiny  Home  Tooke,  then 
M.  A.  Taylor,  and  last,  Lauderdale. 

In  the  foreground,  in  front  of  Leviathan,  and  on  dry  land,  is  a  procession 
of  small  monstrosities.  First,  a  crocodile  wearing  a  pair  of  stays,  to  indicate 
Tom  Paine,  see  No.  8287;  his  jaws  are  wide,  and  he  weeps;  under  his  fore- 
legs is  a  paper:  Paines  Defence  of  the  18  Fructidor  (reviewed  by  John 
Giff^ord  in  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  i.  21-5,  140-6:  Letter  of  Thomus 
Paine  to  the  People  of  France  and  the  Blench  Armies,  on  the  Event  of 
the  i8th  Fructidor  .  .  .,  Paris,  1797;  not  in  B.M.L.:  Giiford  calls  it  the 
only  copy  in  England.  'To  drive  the  King  of  Great  Britain  from  his 
throne  ...  he  represents  as  an  indispensable  preliminary  of  peace.')  Next 
stands  a  little  creature,  wearing  only  leg-irons  and  spectacles,  and  writing: 
Letter  from  an  Acquitted  Felon.^  He  is  Holcroft,  writing  probably  his 
Letter  to  the  Right  Hon.  W.  Windham  on  the  intemperance  and  dangerous 
tendency  of  his  public  conduct,  1795.  (Southey  writes,  15  Aug.  1798, 
'Holcroft's  likeness  is  admirably  preserved.')  Next  is  an  ass,  Godwin,  on 
his  hind  legs,  reading  his  Political  Justice.  Last  is  a  serpent,  spitting  fire, 
advancing  over  a  paper:  Williams's  Atheistical  Lectures.  David  Williams 
(1738-18 1 6),  founder  of  the  Royal  Literary  Fund,  published  deistic  lectures 
(1779)  and  anticipated  Theophilanthropy  by  opening  a  deistic  chapel  in 
London.  Mathiez,  La  Theophilanthropie  et  le  Culte  decadaire,  1904, 
pp.  392-5.  He  incurred  odium  by  visiting  France,  1792-3,  being  made 
a  French  citizen.   These  four  are : 

"All  creeping  creatures,  venomous  and  low, 

"Paine,  W — // — ms,  G — dw — n,  H — Ic—ft,  praise  Le  Paux! 

The  detailed  illustration  of  Canning's  poem  is  combined  with  allusions 
to  Darwin  and  to  Moira,  both  subjects  of  verses  in  the  Anti-Jacobin.  The 

*  Identified  in  the  key  to  the  plate  in  Edmond's  Poetry  of  the  Anti-Jacohin  as 
Grafton ;  he  also  allocates  the  three  following  names  differently. 

*  The  epithet  was  applied  by  Windham  to  those  indicted  with  Hardy  and  others 
(see  No.  8502) ;  he  was  called  to  order  for  it  by  a  Member  and  reproved  by  Fox. 
Pari.  Hist,  xxxi,  1029,  1050  (30  Dec.  1794).  See  also  Home  Tooke's  attack  on 
Windham  in  Divisions  of  Purley,  1798,  p.  247. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

allusion  to  the  latter  appears  to  indicate  the  French  interest  in  his  speech 
of  22  Nov.  1797  (see  No.  9194  and  Anti-Jacobin  Magazine).  The  Anti- 
Jacobin  Review  and  Mc^azine,  see  Nos,  9243,  9345,  is  also  illustrated: 
its  professed  object  was  to  subject  the  'monthly  and  annual  publications' 
to  a  scrutiny  similar  to  that  which  the  Anti-Jacobin  had  imposed  upon  'the 
daily  and  weekly  prints'.  In  the  'Prefatory  Address'  to  vol.  i  (Jan.  1799) 
it  was  claimed  that  the  Analytical  Review  had  received  its  death-blow, 
while  the  'Monthly'  and  'Critical'  Reviews  had  been  driven  to  an  'affected 
moderation'.  See  also  ibid.  i.  198-200.  Larevelliere-Lepeaux  was  the  first 
of  the  five  Directors  to  be  elected ;  he  was  the  patron  of  Theophilanthropie 
(cf.  No.  9352)  and  was  caricatured  in  France  as  the  high  priest  of  a  new 
religion.  Mathiez,  op.  cit.,  p.  280;  see  Hennin,  Nos.  12329-32.  He  took 
part  in  the  coup  d'etat  of  18  Fructidor  (4  Sept.  1797),  becoming  President 
of  the  Directory,  but  fell  on  the  30  Prairial  (18  June  1799).  He  was  a 
pompous  nullity,  dupe  of  his  own  illusions.  Sorel,  Bonaparte  et  Hoche, 
p.  4.  The  ritual  of  Theophilanthropie  is  burlesqued :  at  their  services  offer- 
ings of  'the  wheaten  ear  and  the  bouquet  of  flowers'  were  made  to  the 
Supreme  Being.  Belsham,  Memories  of  the  Reign  of  George  III,  vi,  i8oi, 
p.  181.  For  the  poem  see  also  ^McA/aw/f  Corr.  iv.  32-3.  Gillray's  transcript 
is  not  completely  accurate  and  two  lines  are  omitted,  as  they  are  in  the 
Anti-Jacobin  Review : 

and with join'd 

And  every  other  beast  after  his  kind. 

They  are,  however,  fully  illustrated,  as  they  indicate  the  Foxites  who  follow 
Bedford  (the  only  member  of  the  Opposition  specified)  'wallowing  in  the 
yeasty  main'. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  246-7;  Broadley,  i.  117-19.  Reproduced,  with  key, 
as  additional  pi.  to  the  large  paper  edition  of  Edmond's  Poetry  of  the 
Anti-Jacobin,  1890. 
8  X  24  in. 

9240  a  a  reduced  copy  etched  by  G.  Cruikshank,  see  No.  9184  A. 
Reid  713. 

3|x8^in. 

9241  ANTICIPATION— ways  AND  MEANS— OR  BUONAPARTE 
REALLY  TAKEN!! 

[PAnsell.] 

Pu¥  Au^  Jj**  1798  by  S.W.  Fores  No  50  Piccadilly. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  booth  inscribed  The  Only  Booth  in 
the  Fair  stands  on  a  platform  round  which  are  the  heads  and  shoulders  of 
gaping  yokels.  Fox  stands  in  the  centre,  full-face,  dressed  as  a  zany  in 
(tricolour)  striped  tunic  and  trousers.  He  displays  a  large  painting  of  a 
grotesque  and  ferocious  figure,  above  which  is  inscribed:  To  be  seen  here 
alive  I  The  Noted  \  Boney-Part  \  from  Egypt  \  an  Undoubted  Likeness. 
'Boney'  holds  a  dagger  in  each  hand.  He  wears  bonnet- rouge  and  jack- 
boots with  huge  spurs ;  the  r.  ankle  is  chained  to  a  tree-stump.  Fox  weeps, 
saying,  he  is  certainly  taken  I  never  was  so  pleased  at  any  event  in  the  whole 
course  of  my  Life.  Pitt  sits  on  a  chair,  his  back  towards  Fox,  leaning  towards 
the  spectators  on  the  r.  of  the  platform  holding  out  a  trumpet  to  which  is 
attached  a  fringed  banner  decorated  with  the  heads,  in  consultation,  of 

472 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

George  III,  Dundas,  and  himself,  with  the  inscription  ^o^n  Bull  Humbug' d. 
He  is  grotesquely  thin,  one  gouty  leg  rests  on  a  stool  (of.  No.  9226);  he 
says :  Believe  me  I  do  not  mean  to  decieve  you  this  time,  he  is  really  taken, 
and  in  this  Booth  at  this  present  moment — Out  with  your  pence  good  people — 
dont  he  so  shy — tumble  up  M"  Bull — the  only  Booth  in  the  Fair!  dont  be 
alarm' d — he  is  perfectly  tame  I  assure  you.  Behind  Fox  and  Pitt  is  the  booth, 
a  curtain  over  the  door,  into  which  a  fat  yokel  is  pushing  his  way.  On  the 
platform  (1.)  is  a  salt-box,  with  a  baton  in  it,  instrument  of  rough  music, 
inscribed  GIF  [C.  J.  Fox]. 

A  double-edged  satire.  Many  reports  on  Nelson's  Mediterranean  chase 
of  Buonaparte  were  reaching  England.  Rose  wrote,  2  Aug.,  that  an  account 
of  Buonaparte's  capture  was  given  as  a  joke  in  Plymouth  and  believed  by 
many  in  Hampshire.  Auckland  Corr.  iii.  43.  A  report  reached  the 
Admiralty  on  21  Aug.  of  the  landing  at  Alexandria.  Spencer  Papers, 
ed.  J.  S.  Corbett,  ii,  1914,  p.  453.  For  later  rumours  cf.  Buonaparte's 
Dance  of  Death!,  p.  576.  For  the  attitude  of  the  Opposition  to  war-news, 
cf.  No.  9248,  &c. 

Reproduced,  Broadley,  i.  114. 
lofxisin. 

9242  GENTLE  MEASURES  OR  VOLUNTARY  CONFESSIONS 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

London    Pu¥  by  SW  Fores  N"  50,  Piccadilly   Sep""   J*'   1798, — 
NB  Folios  of  Caricatures  &'^  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.)  in  military  uniform  (as  in 
No.  9203)  scourges  Fox,  who  is  stripped  to  the  waist  and  tied  by  the  wrists 
to  two  crossed  pikes.  Fox,  very  hairy  and  corpulent,  his  face  distorted  by 
an  agonized  yell,  looks  over  his  shoulder  towards  Pitt,  saying:  What  are 
you  about? — Know  nothing  about  the  matter — !  Pikes  no  such  thing — Buried 
under  ground — Pistols! — be  quiet — Four  thousand — Thirty  Thousand? — not 
half  the  number!  Don't  strike  so  hard — Corresponding  Society  [see  No. 
9189,  &CC.]? — Virtuous  set  of  Gentlemen! — Delegates  [see  No.  9021,  &c.] — 
False  Alarm — Be  easy — /'//  tell  you  all — not  a  word  of  truth — Carbines — 
Bullets  Oh  dear — oh  dear,  he'll  tell  you  the  Rest.  He  refers  to  .Sheridan, 
who  stands  apprehensively  on  the  extreme  r.,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  stripped 
to  the  waist  and  with  bound  hands.  Pitt,  with  a  fierce  expression,  raises 
his  scourge  with  knotted  lashes,  1.  hand  on  his  hip.  His  uniform  resembles 
that  of  the  St.  James's  Volunteers,  see  No.  9239. 

Fox  moved  a  resolution  on  22  June  against  the  rigours  of  coercion  in 
Ireland,  'and  particularly  that  scourges  and  other  tortures  have  been  used 
for  the  purpose  of  extorting  confession,  a  practice  justly  held  in  abhorrence 
in  every  civilized  part  of  the  world'.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  1516.  See  No.  9244 ; 
for  the  Rebellion,  No.  9228,  &c. 
13^X10  in. 

9243  A  PEEP  INTO  THE  CAVE  OF  JACOBINISM. 
y^  Gillray  ini/  &  fed — 

London.   Pu¥  Septr  i'*  1798.  by  J.  Wright  169,  Piccadilly,  for  the 
Anti  Jacobin  Review 

Engraving,  Frontispiece  from  vol.  i  of  the  'Review'.  Truth,  fully  draped, 
her  name  on  her  belt,  hurries  forward,  holding  up  an  irradiated  torch 

473 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

which  directs  darts  of  lightning  at  creatures  in  the  mouth  of  a  cave  (1.). 
This  is  formed  by  an  arch  of  rocks,  from  which  The  Lethean  Stream 
emerges.  Jacobinism,  a  creature  with  scaly  legs  and  long  serpent-like 
tail  (like  'Sin'  in  No.  8105),  naked  except  for  bonnet-rouge  and  a  belt 
inscribed  Egalit[e]  in  which  is  a  dagger,  kneels  terror-struck,  shrinking 
from  the  darts  of  Truth;  he  drops  his  pen  and  a  mask  falls  from  his 
face.  His  ink-bottle,  inscribed  Gall,  is  overturned.  Beside  him  is  a 
heap  of  pamphlets,  which  the  lightning  from  Truth's  torch  has  set  on 
fire.  They  are  Libels,  Defamation,  Sedition,  Ignorance,  Anarchy,  Atheism, 
Abuse.  Toads  crawl  from  under  them  and  drop  into  the  adjacent  Lethean 
Stream.  Owls  and  bats  fly  off  into  the  recesses  of  the  cave.  On  Truth's 
forehead  is  an  irradiated  star;  she  points  up  with  her  1.  hand  at  an  open 
book  resting  upon  clouds:  Anti-Jacobin  Review  &  Mag[azine'\.  Above 
her  head  fly  two  winged  infants  holding  up  between  them  a  crown ;  one 
holds  the  cross  of  Religion,  the  other  the  scales  of  Justice.  After  the  title 
is  etched  "Magna  est  Veritas  et  preevalebit"  [the  motto  of  the  review]. 

John  GifFord  (J.  R.  Green)  started  the  Review  when  the  Anti-Jacobin 
ended.  The  latter,  in  a  footnote  to  its  last  number,  said:  '.  .  .we  have  no 
knowledge  of  the  Undertaking,  but  from  report,  which  speaks  favourably 
of  it ;  but  we  heartily  wish  this,  and  every  Work  of  a  similar  kind,  a  full 
and  happy  Success.'  See  Nos.  9240,  9345.  Coloured  impressions  of  the 
plates  are  in  B.M.L.,  P.P.  3596,  uncoloured  in  B.M.L.  261.  i.  i,  &c. 
7iX9|in. 


9244  NIGHTLY  VISITORS,  AT  ST  ANN'S  HILL;— 

J'  Gyinv"  &f 

Pu¥  Sep"  21,  1798,  by  H.  Humphrey  2y.  S*  James's  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Ghosts  (r.)  stand  in  a  row  at  the  foot  of 
Fox's  bed;  he  sits  up,  staring  in  terror,  hands  raised,  large  tears  on  his 
cheeks.  The  ghosts  emerge  from  clouds;  they  are  headless,  with  blood- 
stained necks  round  which  are  nooses,  except  for  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald, 
who  stands  above  the  others,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  with  blood-stained  hair 
and  shirt.   His  r.  hand  is  on  his  breast  and  he  says: 

"Who  first  seduced  my  youthful  Mind  from  Virtue? — 
"Who  plann'd  my  Treasons,  &  who  caus'd  my  Death? — 
" Remember  poor  Lord  Edward,  and  despair!!! — 

Fox  says : 

"Why  do' St  thou  shake  thy,  Goary  Locks  at  me? 
"Dear,  bravest,  worthiest,  noblest,  best  of  Men! 
"Thou  can' St  not  say,  I  did  it! — 

The  body  on  Lord  Edward's  r.  and  on  the  extreme  r.  is  that  of  Grogan, 
a  leader  of  rebels  in  Wexford,  it  was  said  under  compulsion,  hanged  from 
Wexford  Bridge,  his  head  fixed  on  a  pike.  Lecky,  Hist,  of  England,  1890, 
viii.  95,  166-7.  ^^  Lord  Edward's  1.  is  a  body,  the  label  from  the  neck 
inscribed  Remember  Hervay.  (Bagenal  Harvey,  commander-in-chief  in 
Wexford  (ibid.  viii.  91),  executed  with  Grogan.)  Next  is  Quigley  (or 
O'Coigley),  see  No.  9189,  executed  7  June  1798  at  Maidstone.  Next,  a 
label.  Shears' s,  rises  from  clouds  in  which  the  bodies  are  concealed.  (John 
and  Henry  Sheares,  elected  to  the  Directory  in  Dublin  on  the  arrest  of 
Bond  and  others,  were  arrested  21  May  and  executed  on  14  July  1798. 

474 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

Lord  Edward  died  of  the  wounds  received  when  he  resisted  arrest,  see 
Auckland  Corr.  iv.  414  ff.,  442-4.) 

Above  Fox's  head  fly  two  naked  creatures  with  infantine  bodies,  webbed 
wings,  and  the  serpents  of  faction  or  discord  springing  from  their  heads 
and  writhing  round  their  bodies.  They  hold  up  between  them  a  paper 
inscribed  Confessions  \  of  O^  Conner  \  01  Bond.  The  bed  is  framed  in  heavy 
curtains.  Mrs.  Fox  Hes  asleep  with  her  back  to  Fox.  On  the  ground  at 
his  side  is  an  open  book  partly  hidden  by  the  bed-draperies:  .  .  .  Head 
Quarters  London.  Plan  of  the  Irish  Rebellion. 

For  Fox  and  Lord  Edward  see  No.  9227.  Fox  attacked  the  Govern- 
ment's Irish  poHcy,  see  No.  9242,  and  had  given  evidence  in  favour  of 
O'Connor,  see  No.  9245,  &c.  Oliver  Bond  was  sentenced  to  death,  July 
1798,  but  his  life  was  saved  by  his  (forty- five)  fellow  prisoners,  who  offered 
to  give  full  information  and  consent  to  voluntary  exile  if  their  lives  were 
spared;  Auckland  Corr.  iv.  37-9.  Bond  died  in  prison  in  Sept.  1798. 
O'Connor,  Emmet,  and  McNevin  gave  evidence  on  the  Irish  conspiracy 
to  secret  committees  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons  and  House  of  Lords, 
reported  to  the  former,  21  Aug.  1798,  see  No.  9245.  The  French  landed 
at  Killala  Bay  on  22  Aug. ;  on  27  Aug.  the  three  published  an  advertise- 
ment in  the  papers  invalidating  the  report,  which  on  6  Sept.,  with  some 
qualifications,  they  retracted.  Lond.  Chron.,  27  Aug.,  3,  4,  and  12  Sept. 
For  the  Rebellion  see  No.  9228,  &c.  For  St.  Ann's  Hill  (with  its  implica- 
tion of  secession  from  Parliament,  see  No.  9018,  &c.),  cf.  No.  9217.  Cf. 
also  No.  9371.    For  Fox  as  Macbeth,  cf.  No.  8705. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  243-4.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  207.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
13^X9!  in. 

9245  EVIDENCE  TO  CHARACTER ;— BEING  A  PORTRAIT  OF 
A  TRAITOR,  BY  HIS  FRIENDS  &  BY  HIMSELF. 

y^  Gillray  inv  &  fee — 

Pu¥  Oct'  J*«  lygS,  by  J.  Wright,  i6g  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Folding  pi.  (also  issued 
separately)  to  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  i.  285,  illustrating  extracts  from  a 
pamphlet  published  by  Wright,  price  3d.''  A  burlesque  of  the  trial  of 
O'Connor  at  Maidstone  (22  May),  parts  of  the  court  being  hidden  by  the 
large  labels  which  issue  from  the  mouths  of  prisoner  and  witnesses.  The 
presiding  judge  (Buller)  looks  down  with  horror  at  the  witnesses,  the  other 
judges  are  hidden.  O'Connor  (not  caricatured),  wearing  leg-irons,  stands 
at  the  bar;  his  hands  are  clasped,  and  he  bends  forward  in  profile  to  the  1., 
making  a  confession  which,  though  condensed,  does  not  differ  substantially 
from  that  made  by  him,  McNevin,  and  Emmet,  and  published  in  the 
Report  of  the  Secret  Committee  made  to  the  Irish  House  of  Commons  on 
21  Aug.  (Lond.  Chron.,  27  Aug.),  see  No.  9244,  &c. :  /  confess,  that  I 
became  an  United  Irishman  in  iyg6  &  a  Member  of  the  National  Executive, 
from  I7g6,  to  lygS.  I  knew  the  offer  of  French  assistance  was  accepted  at 
a  meeting  of  the  Executive  in  Summer  iyg6: 1  accompanied  the  Agent  of  the 
Executive  (the  late  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald)  through  Hamburgh  to  Switzer- 
land, had  an  interview  with  General  Hoche  (who  afterwards  had  the  command 

'  'Considerable  allowance  to  those  who  purchase  Thousands  and  Tens  of 
Thousands  for  distribution.' 

475 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

of  the  expedition  against  Ireland)  on  which  occasion  every  thing  was  settled 
between  the  parties  with  a  view  to  the  descent  [see  No.  8979].  /  knew  that 
in  lygj  a  Fleet  lay  iny  Texel  with  15000  Troops  destined  for  Ireland  I  knew 
of  the  loan  negociating  with  France  for  Half  a  Million  for  the  new  Irish 
Government.  From  O'Connor's  pocket  hangs  a  paper:  The  Press  by 
O'Connor  [inflammatory  organ  of  the  United  Irishmen,  see  No.  9186]. 
Round  his  neck  is  a  noose  of  rope  held  by  the  hand  emerging  from  clouds 
of  the  (invisible)  Justice ;  in  her  r.  hand  are  equally  balanced  scales. 

The  witnesses  to  O'Connor's  character  are  speaking  simultaneously. 
Four  stand  in  the  foreground  in  profile  to  the  r.,  behind  a  barrier,  looking 
towards  the  judge  across  a  table.    Fox  (r.),  nearest  O'Connor  and  the 
spectator,  holds  the  book  to  his  lips,  his  raised  1.  arm  thrust  forward 
in  a  rhetorical  gesture:  /  swear  that  he  is  perfectly  well  affected  to  his 
Country, — a   Man   totally   without  dissimulation — /  know  his  principles 
are  the  principles  of  the  Constitution.   (Fox  said:  'I  always  thought  M*" 
O'Connor   to  be  perfectly  well  affected  to  his  country  .  .  .   attached 
to  the  principles  and  the   constitution   of  this   country,  upon   which 
the  present  family  sit  upon  the  throne,  and  to  which  we  owe  all  our 
liberties.'    State  Trials,  xxvii.  41.)    From  his  pocket  projects  a  book: 
Letters  to  Lord  E^  F.  M''  O'Connor  &c  &c.  (cf.  No.  9244).   Next  stands 
Sheridan,  with  a  sly  expression,  holding  the  book,  Four  Evangelists,  his 
hat  in  his  1.  hand;  he  testifies:  /  know  him  intimately; — I  treated  him,  & 
he  treated  me,  with  Confidence! — &  I  Swear,  that,  I  never  met  with  any  man, 
so  determined  against  encouraging  French  Assistance.    The   last  words 
resemble  those  of  Sheridan,  with  the  significant  omission  *in  this  country'. 
Ibid.,  p.  48.   Next  is  Erskine,  kissing  the  book,  with  1.  arm  raised  orato- 
rically:  His  friends,  are  all  MY  friends!  and  I  therefore,  feel  MYSELF 
intitled  upon  MY  Oath,  to  say,  that  he  is  incapable,  in  MY  judgement,  of 
acting  with  treachery,  &  upon  MY  oath,  I  never  had  any  reason  to  think 
that  his  principles  differed  from  MY  own  so  help  ME  god  [cf.  No.  9246]. 
Though  abbreviated,  this  is  only  very  slightly  burlesqued.    Ibid.,  pp. 
38-41.   Next  (1.)  is  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  kissing  the  book,  his  expression 
and  attitude  suggesting  embarrassment,  saying:  /  consider  him  attached  to 
constitutional  principles,  in  the  Same  way  as  myself  [cf.  No.  9168,  &c.].   His 
evidence  ended  *I  consider  him  as  a  gentleman  acting  warmly  in  the 
political  line  and  attached  to  .  .  .  [ut  supra].  Ibid.,  p.  49.  On  the  extreme 
1.  and  behind  Norfolk  is  Grattan,  saying:  He  favour  an  Invasion  of  his 
Country  by  the  French? — no!  no! — quite  the  contrary! — /  know  his  Character. 
This  is  the  substance  of  his  evidence,  except  that  for  'quite'  read  'rather'. 
Ibid.,  p.  50.  An  undifferentiated  head  in  the  background  says:  He  has  the 
Same  sentiments  as  every  one  of  the  Opposition.    Lord  Thanet  said  this. 
Ibid.,  p.  52.   Another  witness  in  the  background  says:  /  have  always  told 
Lady  Suffolk  of  his  extraordinary  abilities.    Lord  Suffolk  said:  'I  have 
always  told  Lady  Suffolk,  and  the  rest  of  my  friends  . . .  [&c.  &c.].'   Ibid., 
p.  44.'   Among  a  crowd  of  other  heads,  chiefly  hidden  by  labels,  is  one 
resembling  Tierney.    Above  this  phalanx  of  Opposition  witnesses  is  a 
crowded  gallery.   Three  counsel  (the  Attorney-General  (Scott),  Solicitor- 
General  (Mitford),  and  ( ?)  Garrow),  who  sit  beneath  the  judges,  are 
divided  from  the  witnesses  by  a  table  covered  with  papers,  &c.,  one  being 
conspicuous:  Charges  of  High  Treason  against  Arthur  O'Connor,  Oliver 
Bond  Dr  M^Nevin. 

'  Lord  Holland  notes  that  he  'frequently  mentioned  trifling  domestic  circum- 
stances in  his  speeches  in  the  House  of  Lords'. 

476 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

The  trial  of  O'Connor,  with  O'Coigley  (see  No.  9189)  and  others,  at 
Maidstone  is  combined  with  the  proceedings  in  Dubhn  after  the  Irish 
Rebellion,  see  No.  9228,  &c.  For  the  confessions  see  Report  from  the 
Committee  of  Secrecy  of  the  House  of  Commons  in  Ireland^  21  Aug.  1798, 
Appendix  xxxi.  Extracts  from  the  Maidstone  Trial  and  O'Connor's  con- 
fession were  published  in  damaging  juxtaposition  in  Wright's  pamphlet. 
Evidence  to  Character;  or,  the  Innocent  Imposture:  being  . .  ,\ut  supra].  The 
introduction  concludes:  'It  is  not  often  that  such  Information  as  this  can 
be  obtained  for  the  Public,  from  the  Parties  themselves  on  Oath.'  (B.M.L. 
8132.  df.  2/6.)  See  Holland,  Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party,  1852,  i.  121-8. 
For  Tierney's  discomfiture  see  Lady  Holland's  Journal,  1908,  i.  203. 
Farington  notes,  29  Aug.  1798:  'Opposition  knocked  up  by  the  con- 
fession. ...  In  fact  too  much  power  thrown  into  the  hands  of  Govern- 
ment owing  to  the  vile  and  foolish  conduct  of  Opposition.'  Diary,  i.  235. 
Lord  Carlisle  wrote  (30  Aug.):  'If  there  is  a  lower  political  hell  than  any 
we  before  have  witnessed,  I  think  the  opposition  have  found  it  out  for 
themselves,  by  their  connection  with  O'Connor  and  such  worthies.'  Auck- 
land Corr.  iv.  52.  The  contemptuous  dislike  shown  by  Fox  to  O'Connor 
in  Paris  in  1802  is  significant.  See  Private  Corr.  of  Lord  G.  Leveson  Cower, 
i.  360,  365.  See  also  Nos.  9189,  9217,  9227,  9240,  9244,  9249,  9254,  9258, 
9262,  9263,  9266,  9341,  9343,  9345,  9369,  9402,  9416,  9434,  9515,  9549. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  224. 

9245  A  A  copy  (coloured),  reversed,  is  pi.  iV"  XXI  to  London  und  Paris, 

ii,  1798.   Explanatory  text,  pp.  185-91. 

6fx8|in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9245  b  a  copy  (coloured),  J^  Gillray  In'&,  and  Ocf  1 1798,  faces  p.  17 
in  Caricatures  of  Gillray.    (B.M.L.  745.  a.  6.) 

7{x  loj  in.  'Caricatures',  v.  34. 

9246  COUNCELLOR  EGO.— I:E:  LITTLE  I,  MYSELF  I. 

f  Gillray.  d  &  f 

Puhlishd  Ocf  i'^  1798.  by  J.  Wright,  N"  169  Piccadilly  London 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  PI.  from  the  Anti- 
Jacobin  Review,  i.  355.^  Erskine  stands  directed  to  the  1.,  gazing  straight 
before  him;  in  his  r.  hand  is  a  sheet  of  MS.  (or  perhaps  of  legal  black- 
letter)  covered  with  repetitions  of  i  and  me,  and  ending  iiiiii  me  me  me.  He 
wears  counsellor's  wig  and  gown,  and  bands.  Above  his  head  is  a  cap  of 
Liberty  with  tricolour  cockade.   There  is  a  background  of  low  clouds. 

The  plate  faces  a  soliloquy  by  Erskine  (written  by  J.  GifFord)  beginning : 
'Who  is  the  first  lawyer  at  the  British  bar  ?  Ego  ?'  His  egotistic  speeches  were 
brilliantly  burlesqued  in  the  Anti-Jacobin,  4  Dec.  1797.  See  G.  E.  C, 
Complete  Peerage,  v,  1926,  p.  108,  Cf.  F.  Burney,  Diary,  18  June  1792: 
'The  eminence  of  Mr,  Erskine  seems  all  for  public  life,  his  excessive 
egotisms  undo  him.'  See  also  Nos.  9227, 9245, 9248, 9255, 9263 ,  9279, 9345. 
6|  X  4  in. 

'  Missing  from  B.M.L.,  P.P.  3596. 
477 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9247  IT  IS  NOT  ALL  GOLD  THAT  GLITTERS.  OR  VOLUN- 
TEERS SETTLING  ABOUT  PEDIGREE  AND  PRECEDENCE. 

[PAnsell.] 

Pu¥  Octob"^  J*'  1798  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly — Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  designs  side  by  side:  [i]  a  volunteer 
in  uniform  sits  in  a  latrine,  bending  forward,  his  1.  foot  on  a  paper:  Sale 

Custom  House  [Portsm]outh.    He  holds  a  paper:  M''  Hick /  dont  love 

fighting  [signed]  James.  He  says :  There 's  a  Wipe  for  him,  if  he  Pockets 
this,  he'll  Pocket  any-thing.  On  the  wall  behind  him  is  a  broadside:  The 
Porter  and  Carter  a  New  Song  adapted  for  rough  Music,  and  a  placard: 
Question  to  be  debated  at  the  sign  of  the  Loggerheads  during  the  War — Has 
not  every  Private  of  a  Volunteer  Corps  a  right  to  be  an  Officer.  He  wears 
a  gorget  and  large  epaulettes.  His  plumed  helmet  hangs  on  the  wall  in 
profile,  inscribed  Volunteer.   His  sword  leans  against  the  wall. 

[2]  The  interior  of  a  brewer's  counting-house.  Two  strapping  volunteers 
read  the  insulting  letter  in  [i],  regardless  of  a  clerk  behind  the  counter, 
shovelling  guineas,  who  says,  if  you  don't  mind  your  buisiness  I  think  our 
Master  will  Cash-ear  You  that's  my  Opinion.  One  volunteer  without  a 
helmet  and  with  a  pen  behind  his  ear,  holding  a  paper  in  both  hands,  turns 
his  head  towards  his  companion,  and  says :  Pho!  Why  this  smells  worse  than 
a  musty  Beer  Barrel  don't  it  whats  to  be  done  now?  I  can't  Pocket  this  Affront 
decently.  The  other  (1.),  who  puts  his  hands  on  his  friend's  shoulders, 
answers:  why  Jemmy  not  without  smelling  a  little,  pluck  up  Courage  my 
Boy  and  have  a  pop  at  him  if  you  could  but  pop  hijn  off,  I  might  pop  in.  Beneath 
this  are  the  words  (perhaps  of  a  song  pasted  on  the  wall)  for  my  charming 
Betty  yet.  He  wears  a  helmet,  seen  in  profile,  inscribed  Portsmouth.  The 
uniform  closely  resembles  that  of  the  officer  in  the  other  design,  but  with 
smaller  epaulettes  and  crossed  belts  instead  of  single  sword-belt.  All  wear 
the  badge  PLV  [?  Portsmouth  Loyal  Volunteers]  with  a  crown.  Through 
the  open  door  are  seen  two  gables  of  a  brew-house  with  tall  chimney  and 
a  brewer's  dray.   Beneath  each  design  is  a  couplet: 

"O  Say  British  Youths  is  it  Valor  you  boast 

"Why  then  fly  unanimity's  charms, 

"Pray  tell  us  contenders,  were  foes  on  our  Coast, 

"Would your  enmity  strengthen  our  Arms. 
A  satire  on  the  volunteers,  with  a  local  and  personal  application.  Of  three 
Portsmouth  Volunteer  Corps  listed  in  the  Hampshire  Chronicle,  i.  63-5 
(1798),  the  most  probable  is  the  Portsmouth  Loyal  Garrison  Volunteers, 
of  which  J.  A.  Hickley  was  Ensign.  The  self-importance  and  incompetence 
of  the  Volunteers  was  a  favourite  subject  of  satire.  For  the  chaotic  indi- 
vidualism of  the  corps  of  Volunteers  and  Associations  for  Defence  raised 
from  1794,  and  more  especially  in  1798,  cf.  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British 
Army,  iv.  218,  892-5. 
9Xi3|in. 

Copy  of  a  French  print.  Cafe  d' orange  a  Plymouth,  on  the  supposed  dismay 
caused  in  England  by  Bonaparte's  capture  of  Malta.  Grosswenor  major 
anglais  venant  d'irlande,  an  officer  seated  at  a  cafe  table,  holds  an  open 
book:  Malte Est pris par  les  francais  le petit  Bonaparte  ne  nous  a  rien  laisse 
notre  Escadre  occupe  toujours  le  portugal  les  francais  nous  En  delogeront. 
Another  officer  stands  on  the  r.,  vomiting  oranges,  he  is  Barbaro  [sic] 

478 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

heros  fameux  de  retour  de  V expedition  d'ostende  (see  No.  9232).  A  Gallic 
cock  directs  a  syringe  towards  his  bared  posteriors,  saying:  tu  n'en  tateras 
plus.  Barbaro  says:  Goddem  quelle  indigestion  je  ne  mangerai plus  des  oranges 
de  Make.  On  the  1.  sits  John  Bullle  rieur,  holding  a  paper:  malte  est  pris 
Bonaparte  rCen  restera  pas  la.  He  says,  smiling,  pour  conserver  sa petite  sante 
les  Francais  Empecheront  hien  gu'il  en  mange.  (Capture  of  Malta,  June  1798.) 
Jaime,  ii,  PL.  5j  i.  Broadley,  ii.  35. 


9248    NELSON'S    VICTORY;— OR— GOOD-NEWS    OPERATING 
UPON  LOYAL-FEELINGS. 

fGyini^&fed 

Pu¥  Octr  ^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey,  2y,  S^  James  s  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Members  of  the  Opposition,  arranged 
in  two  horizontal  rows,  receive  the  news  of  Aboukir.  [i]  In  the  upper  1. 
corner  Burdett  sits,  directed  to  the  r.,  intently  reading  the  Extraordinary 
Gazette  on  Nelson's  Victory ;  his  shock  of  hair  covers  his  eyes,  and  he  says, 
I.  hand  raised  in  alarm:  sure  I  cannot  see  clear?  On  the  wall  (1.)  is  a  print, 
a  profile  head  of  Buonaparte.  [2]  Jekyll  stands  beside  Lansdowne,  who 
reclines  in  an  arm-chair  in  dressing-gown  and  bonnet-rouge,  a  gouty  leg 
resting  on  a  cushion.  He  holds  out  a  paper  headed  Captured  IX  French 
Ships  of  War;  under  his  arm  is  a  paper:  2  Burnt;  he  holds  up  two  fingers. 
Lansdowne  puts  his  hands  over  his  ears,  saying,  /  can't  hear!  I  can't  hear. 
(For  Jekyll  and  Lansdowne  cf.  No.  9179,  &c.)  [3]  Bedford,  sitting  on  a 
large  treasure-chest,  sourly  tears  in  half  a  paper:  complete  Destruction  of 
Buonaparte's  Fleet — ,  saying.  It 's  all  a  damn'd  Lye.  Behind  his  chest  are 
padlocked  sacks  inscribed  £,  indicating  his  wealth;  on  the  wall  hang 
jockey-cap,  boots,  and  riding-whip.  [4]  Erskine  lies  back  in  his  chair  hold- 
ing a  smelling-bottle  to  his  nose,  from  his  dangling  r.  hand  have  dropped 
papers:  Capture  of  Buonaparte's  Dispatches.  He  says  /  shall  Faint,  I.I.I. 
He  sits  by  a  table  on  which  are  writing-materials  and  Republican  Briefs. 
(For  Erskine's  fainting  in  court,  and  egotism,  see  Nos.  7956,  9246,  &c.) 
[5]  Norfolk  sits  in  an  arm-chair  beside  a  table  on  which  are  signs  of  a 
debauch :  overturned  decanters  and  a  candle  guttering  in  its  socket.  Wine 
pours  from  his  mouth  and  from  a  glass  in  his  r.  hand.  At  his  feet  is  a  broken 
tobacco-pipe,  in  his  1.  hand  a  paper:  Nelson  &  the  British  Fleet.  He  says 
what  a  sickening  Toast!  (cf.  No.  9168,  &c,).  [6  and  7]  Tierney  and  Sheridan 
sit  looking  at  each  other  across  a  table,  Tierney  (1.)  clutching  his  knee,  on 
which  lies  a  paper:  End  of  the  French  Navy — Britannia  Rules  the  Waves. 
From  his  pocket  issues  a  paper :  End  of  the  Irish  Rebellion.  He  says :  ah!  our 
hopes  are  all  lost.  Sheridan,  elbows  on  the  table,  his  chin  in  his  hands,  says 
/  must  lock  up  my  Jaw!  Before  him  are  papers :  List  of  the  Republican  Ships 
Taken  and  Destroy\ed\.  [8]  Fox,  in  the  lower  r.  corner,  hangs  by  a  noose, 
having  just  kicked  a  stool  from  under  his  feet;  his  crisped  fingers  have 
dropped  a  paper:  Farewell  to  the  Whig  Club.  He  says:  and  I, — end  with 
J^clat!  He  wears  a  bonnet-rouge. 

News  of  the  Battle  of  the  Nile  (i  Aug.)  reached  England  on  26  Sept., 
confirming  a  report  in  the  French  Redacteur.  It  ended  a  period  of  conflict- 
ing reports  and  extreme  anxiety  during  Nelson's  chase  of  the  French  fleet, 
see  No.  9241.  St.  Vincent  calls  it  (28  Sept.)  'the  almost  incredible  and 
stupendous  victory'.  Navy  Records  Society,  Spencer  Papers,  ii.  473.  See 
ibid.,  pp.  425  fF.    Lady  Holland  (Nov.  1798)  describes  the  'lamentable 

479 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

plight'  of  the  Opposition  owing  to  successes  in  Egypt  and  Ireland,  'so 
contrary  to  their  predictions'.  Journal,  i.  203.  See  Nos.  9241,  9251,  9257, 
9258,  9259,  9262,  9263,  9266,  9267,  9273,  9279,  941 1,  and  cf.  Nos. 
8518,  8683,  8992.   For  the  battle  see  No.  9250,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  247.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  209.   Broadley,  i.  120. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
9f  Xi4i  in. 

9248  A  A  copy,  pi.  No  XXV  to  London  und  Paris,  ii,  1798.  Explanatory 
text,  pp.  292-3. 

6| X  8f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9249  AN  IRISH  HUG  ALIAS  A  FRATERNAL  EMBRACE. 

[PAnselL] 

Pu¥  Ocr  4*^  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly.  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  and  O'Connor  embrace,  both  shed- 
ding large  tears.  Fox  (1.)  stands  on  tiptoe  to  put  his  arms  round  the 
shoulders  of  his  taller  friend,  who  says:  Och  my  dear  Honey  take  care  of 
yourself,  Erin  go  Bragh.  From  Fox's  pocket  hangs  a  bonnet-rouge  with 
tricolour  cockade.  O'Connor  wears  leg-irons,  and  the  scene  is  a  stone- 
paved  prison  cell,  with  overthrown  stool  and  pitcher  (r.)  and  small  table 
(1.),  on  which  lies  a  paper:  To  A  OConnor  Lonidon  We  would  advise  you  to 
go  to  Botany  Bay  where  you  will  find  many  of  our  old  friends  and  probably 
we  shall  have  the  pleasure  of  meeting  you  again 

Yours  one  &  \  Indivisible  |  Opposition 
Fox  says:  My  Own  Ideas —  |  My  own  Sentiments, — My  own  Wishes, — My 
own  Words — My  own  Soul — The  Man  after  my  Own  Heart  for  he  entertains 
the  same  Political  sentiments  as  every  one  of  the  Opposition.  On  the  wall  is 
a  placard :  O  Connor's  Confession.  \  one  of  the  Executive —  |  An  United  Irish- 
man—  I  An  agent  to  treat  with  Hoche  \  about  his  decent  in  Ireland.  \  A  Rebel 
— A  Traitor —  |  A  Transport  \  An  Outlaw!!!  Beneath  the  title:  The  Dearest 
Friends  must  Part. 

See  No.  9245.  The  arrangement  for  the  banishment  of  the  Irish 
prisoners  was  overthrown  by  the  withdrawal  of  their  confessions,  and  also, 
it  is  said,  by  the  refusal  of  Rufus  King,  the  U.S.  Minister,  to  allow  them 
to  go  to  America.  They  were  sent  to  Fort  Augustus  in  Scotland  on 
26  Mar.  1799,  but  not  strictly  confined;  in  1802  they  were  sent  to  Holland. 
For  the  Rebellion  see  No.  9228,  &c. 
i3lX9fin. 

9250  EXTIRPATION  OF  THE  PLAGUES  OF  EGYPT ;— DESTRUC- 
TION OF  REVOLUTIONARY  CROCODILES;  —  OR  —  THE 
BRITISH  HERO  CLEANSING  YE  MOUTH  OF  YE  NILE. 

J^  Qy  inv  &  fee* 

Pu¥  Oct'  6'*  1798,  by  H.  Humphrey.  2y  S*  James  s  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Nelson,  in  naval  uniform,  stands  knee- 
deep  in  water,  among  a  swarm  of  crocodiles  which  he  is  dispatching  with 
a  club  of  British  Oak,  raised  in  his  1.  hand.   In  the  hook  which  replaces 

480 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

his  r.  hand  are  cords  attached  to  barbed  hooks  which  transfix  the  jaws  of 
nine  (tricolour)  crocodiles.  In  the  foreground  crocodiles  are  contorted  in 
death-agony,  one  emits  tiny  crocodiles  in  a  gush  of  water  from  its  jaws. 
Two  swim  off  (1.).  One  disappears  with  tail  erect.  Behind  (r.)  the  jaws  of 
a  monster  larger  than  the  others  gape  from  the  water,  emitting  a  fiery 
explosion.  The  crocodiles  are  tricolour,  most  shed  tears.  In  the  back- 
ground the  Nile  winds  inland,  tiny  crocodiles  are  indicated  swimming  in 
its  mouth.  Behind  are  pyramids,  and  on  the  shore  the  buildings  and 
columns  of  Alexandria. 

The  events  of  the  battle  of  the  Nile,  i  Aug.,  are  followed:  the  French 
flag-ship,  U Orient,  blew  up;  nine  ships  of  war  were  taken,  two  only 
escaped,  another  was  burnt.  Of  the  frigates  two  escaped,  one  was  burnt, 
one  sunk.  Nelson's  dispatch,  giving  the  particulars,  reached  London  on 
2  Oct.,  and  was  published  in  an  Extraordinary  Gazette  the  same  night. 
There  is  in  the  Print  Room  a  poster :  Sadler's  Wells.  Every  Evening.  Battle 
of  the  Nile  on  Real  Water,  with  a  forcible  wood-cut  (7f  X  i2f  in.)  of  ships 
exploding.  A  circular  panorama  of  the  battle  was  exhibited  in  Leicester 
Square.  London  und  Paris,  iii.  309-13  (diagram,  p.  336).  See  Nos.  9248, 
9251,  9252,  9253,  9256,  9257,  9258,  9259,  9260,  9262,  9264,  9268,  9269, 

9273.  9278,  9336,  9400- 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  247-8  (reproduction).  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  207*. 
Broadley,  i.  120.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.   Reproduced,  Maurice  and 
Cooper,  p.  4. 
9|x  14^  in. 

9250  A  A  copy  (coloured),  jf  Gv  inv.,  is  pi.  N°  XXIII  to  London  und 

Paris,  ii,  1798.  Explanatory  text,  pp.  279-85. 

6|  X  8|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 


9251  THE  GALLANT  NELLSON  BRINGING  HOME  TWO  UN- 
COMMON FIERCE  FRENCH  CROCADILES  FROM  THE  NILE 
AS  A  PRESENT  TO  THE  KING 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub:  by  S  W  Fores,  N"  50  Piccadilly  Oct   7.  lygS 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Nelson  (1.)  leads  two  weeping  croco- 
diles, one  with  the  head  of  Fox,  the  other  that  of  Sheridan.  Their  long 
jaws  (projecting  from  the  neck)  are  closed  with  metal  bands  connected  by 
a  chain  held  by  Nelson,  who  wears  naval  uniform  with  a  cocked  hat,  and 
the  ribbon  and  star  of  the  Bath.  A  patch  over  the  eye  indicates  his  recent 
wound.  In  Fox's  crocodile-jaw  is  a  padlock:  A  mouth  Piece  for  Hypocrites. 
Nelson  says :  Come  along  you  Hypocritical  dogs,  I  dare  say  you'r  Dam'd  sorry 
now  for  what  you've  done,  no,  no,  I  shall  bring  yo  to  my  Master.  John  Bull 
(r.),  behind  the  crocodiles  (whose  tails  are  cut  off  by  the  r.  margin),  gapes 
at  them,  saying.  Aye,  Aye,  what  Horatio  has  got  un  at  last,  why  these  be 
the  Old  Cock  Deviles  I  thought  as  how  he  would  not  go  so  far  for  nothing. 
He  wears  a  smock  and  raises  his  hat  to  scratch  his  head.  A  scroll  above 
the  design :  Nelsons  Victory  at  the  Mouth  of  the  Nile. 

An  indication  of  the  unpopularity  of  the  Opposition  in  relation  to 
Nelson's  victory  (see  No.  9248,  &c.) ;  for  the  battle  see  No.  9250,  &c. 
9-^X13!  in. 

481  I  i 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9252  A  MESSENGER  FROM  THE  NILE— AGREABLE  NEWS 
FOR  THE  DIRECTORY— OR— THE  RUNAWAY  ADMIRALS 
UNEXPECTED  ARRIVAL 

[?  AnselL] 

Pu¥  Octo^  8'^  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  30  Piccadilly — Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  Four  Directors,  wearing  the  elaborate  dress  and  feathered  hats 
shown  in  No.  9199,  sit  or  stand  round  a  small  rectangular  table  covered 
with  a  heavy  fringed  cloth ;  they  receive  with  consternation  a  naval  officer, 
Villeneuve,  in  ragged  uniform,  who  enters  (r.)  screaming  and  terror- 
struck.  A  fragment  of  broken  scabbard  hangs  from  his  belt,  his  scanty 
(singed)  hair  stands  on  end.  He  says:  O  by  Gar  Messieurs  les  Directeurs 
I  have  run  away  as  fast  as  possible,  to  tell  you  dat  we  be  all  loss,  dat  Nelson 
be  de  Devil,  dare  vas  Le  Conquerant  vas  taken,  Le  Souverain  Peuple  by 
Gar  vas  Oblige  to  submit  and  Oh  mafoi  such  a  blow  up  in  de  East  and  if  dat 
Diable  d'Anglois  had  had  tother  Eye  and  tother  Arm,  by  gar  you  vas  never 
see  poor  Villeneve  any  more.  Oh  I  was  singe  from  head  to  foot,  or  else  I  would 

have  play  de  Devil  vid  dat  D d  Nelson  Got  dam  he  vas  singe  even  my  Nose. 

All  are  much  caricatured,  with  coarse  features,  and  Villeneuve's  nose  is 
damaged.  The  mouth  of  ( ?)  Barras,  the  centre  figure,  is  arrogantly  closed, 
he  says  B****e,  taking  snuif  from  a  box  inscribed  Rome  and  decorated 
with  the  head  of  Buonaparte.  The  other  Directors  are  frankly  terrified ; 
they  say  (1.  to  r.):  Diable;  Peste;  0  by  Gar  dat  is  not  Villeneuve;  he  be  all 
singe  indeed.  On  the  table  are :  Map  of  England,  Map  of  Ireland,  and  a 
bundle  of  papers:  Instructions  for  Admiral  Bruyes  on  his  leaving  Egypt. 

At  this  date  the  Directors  were  Barras,  Larevelliere,  Merlin  of  Douai, 
Rewbell,  Treilhard.  After  the  battle  (see  No.  9250,  &c.).  Rear-Admiral 
Villeneuve,  whose  inaction  in  support  of  Brueys  has  been  much  criticized, 
escaped,  reaching  Malta  with  three  ships  only.  See  Mahan,  Influence  of 
Sea  Power,  iygj-1812,  1892,  i.  263  ff. 
10  X  16^  in. 

9253  FRATERNIZATION  IN  GRAND  CAIRO  OR  THE  MAD 
GENERAL  &  HIS  BONNY-PARTY  LIKELY  TO  BECOME  TAME 
MUSSELMEN 

Rowlandson  Delin 

London  Pub  Oct  9  lygS  at  Ackermanns  Gallery  loi  Strand 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bonaparte  stands  despairingly  between 
two  Turks ;  one  is  about  to  put  a  bow-string  round  his  neck,  the  other  drags 
off  his  coat.  A  third,  wearing  a  huge  sabre  (r.),  points  with  a  gesture  of 
menacing  command  to  the  Temple  of  Eunuch's  (r.).  Terrified  Frenchmen 
are  being  pushed  through  the  doorway  by  Turks,  while  a  scowling  Moslem 
priest  stands  by  the  door,  a  knife  in  his  teeth.  In  the  background  a  French- 
man is  being  strangled ;  the  bodies  of  four  others  are  bound  to  high  posts, 
while  serried  ranks  of  Turkish  soldiers  stand  on  guard.  Behind  (1.)  is  a 
massive  Turkish  fort  with  other  buildings. 

A  satire  on  the  results  of  the  Battle  of  the  Nile  (see  No.  9250,  &c.),  and 
on  the  efforts  of  Bonaparte  (cooped  up  in  Egypt)  to  pose  as  a  Moslem. 
Bonaparte's  Arabic  proclamation  on  landing  in  Egypt  was  published  in  the 
English  newspapers,  e.g.  Lond.  Chron.,  27  Sept.,  containing  the  passage: 
'The  French  are  true  Mussulmen.  Not  long  since  they  marched  to  Rome, 

482 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

and  overthrew  the  Throne  of  the  Pope,  who  excited  the  Christians  against 
the  Professors  of  Islamism.'  See  Charles-Roux,  Bonaparte  Gouverneur 
d'J^gypte,  1936;  for  the  proclamation  pp.  26-9,  for  Bonaparte  and  Islam 
pp.  75  ff.  See  Nos.  9255,  9278,  9349,  9359,  9534,  9544. 

Broadley,  i.  120-1. 
9|Xi2fin. 

9254  THE  ALLIED  REPUBLICS  OF  FRANCE  AND  IRELAND 
LIBERTY  AND  EQUALITY 

[?  Sansom.'] 

Pub.  Ocr  ly.  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly 

Engraving.  Design  in  a  circle  inset  in  a  square.  Illustration  to  verses 
etched  below :  Erin  go  bray.  A  ragged  French  soldier  rides  an  ass  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  a  drawn  sabre  inscribed  Fraternite  in  his  hand.  The  ass  tramples 
over  a  crown,  sceptre,  and  mitre.  It  is  laden  with  plunder:  barrels  of 
Usquebaugh  and  of  Beef  and  Pork,  Linen,  a  sack  of  Potatoes.  On  its  flank  is 
an  Irish  harp  with  the  staff  and  cap  of  Liberty.  The  head  and  shoulders 
of  the  Devil  appear  on  the  extreme  r. ;  he  holds  a  spear  which  goads  the 
ass,  beneath  whose  feet  is  inscribed  Erin  go  bray.  In  the  background  (1.) 
is  a  bridge  over  a  river  leading  to  a  castle  and  to  buildings  in  flames.  Two 
bodies  hang  from  a  high  gibbet  (r.),  and  a  ragged  French  soldier  tries  to 
ravish  a  woman.   Thirty-six  lines  of  verse  begin: 

From  Brest  in  de  Bay  of  Biskey 

me  come  for  de  very  fine  Whiskey 

to  make  de  Jacobin  friskey 

While  Erin  may  go  bray 

De  linen  I  get  in  de  Scuffle 

Will  make  de  fine  Shirt  to  my  ruffle 

While  Pat  may  go  starve  in  his  Hovel 

Fitzgerald  &  Artur  o  Conner 

To  Erin  have  done  de  great  Honor 

To  put  me  astride  upon  her.  .  .  . 
For  the  Irish  Rebellion  see  No.  9228,  &c. ;  for  the  subsequent  French 
landing   see   under   No.    9244;   for   Hoche's    attempted   invasion    see 
No.  9262,  &c.    It  was  an  old  gibe  (often  illustrated,  of.  No.  9268)  that 
Frenchmen  wore  ruffles  but  no  shirts. 
Diam.  9  in.   PI.  i2f  X9I  in. 

9255  BUONAPARTE  IN  EGYPT— A  TERRIBLE  TASK  PREPARE- 
ING  A  MUMMY  FOR  A  PRESENT— TO  THE  GREAT  NATION 

[PAnsell.] 

Pub^  Oct^  20  lygS  by  S  W  Fores.  50  Piccadilly.  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  A  fierce  Turk  with  a  drawn  sabre  siezes  the  neck-cloth  of  the 
terrified  Bonaparte,  who  raises  his  hat  abjectly ;  he  says :  as  for  you,  you 
Dog  of  no  Religeon  Pll  sacrifice  you  at  the  tomb  of  the  Prophet  whose  name 
You  have  prophaned  for  the  purpose  of  Murder,  Rapine,  and  plunder. 
Bonaparte's  empty  scabbard  is  broken;  he  says:  now  mild  and  gentle  Sir 
'  So  attributed  by  E.  Hawkins. 

483 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

dont  he  so  rough  do  you  think  I  would  cut  your  throat,  ravish  your  Wives, 
or  plunder  your  house,  no  by  Mahomet,  I  would  not,  Sacre  Dieu  I  would  not 
Ah  Diable  You'll  choak  me!!  Behind  him  kneel  in  suppHcation  four  terrified 
leaders  of  the  Opposition :  Fox,  the  foremost,  says :  pray  dont  hurt  our  dear 
friend,  he  would  not  hurt  man.  Woman  or  Child,  he  cant  bear  the  sight  of 

blood,  as  for  plunder  or  deception,  he  is  the  determined  enemy  to  both,  by 

he  is  and  we  are  ready  to  Swear  it.  Sheridan  says :  d n  me  if  he  aynt  and 

wearereadyto  Swear  it.  Erskine  adds  I'll  Swear  it  1 1 1  (see  No.  9246,  &c.). 
Norfolk,  more  faint-hearted,  echoes  swear  it.  On  the  extreme  r.,  behind 
the  suppliants  and  unnoticed  by  them,  stands  a  Turk  about  to  place  a 
bow-string  round  all  their  necks ;  he  says :  you  agree  so  well  I  think  I'll  fix 
you  together  for  Life.  In  the  background  (1.),  outside  some  Turkish  tents, 
two  Mamelukes  are  strangling  a  bunch  of  French  soldiers ;  one  screams : 
ah  my  General  was  tell  me  he  make  my  fortune. 

The  print  is  inspired  by  Nelson's  victory,  and  does  not  relate  to  events 
in  Egypt  except  in  satirizing  Bonaparte's  attitude  to  Moslem  rites,  see 
No.  9253,  &c.  It  also  satirizes  the  sworn  testimony  of  the  Opposition  at 
O'Connor's  trial,  see  No.  9245,  &c.  The  rebellion  in  Cairo,  when  many 
French  were  massacred,  occurred  on  21  Oct.  and  was  ferociously  subdued, 
cf.  No.  9336. 

Broadley,  i.  121-2;  reproduction,  p.  119. 
9fxi6f  in. 

9256  ADMIRAL  NELSON  RECREATING  WITH  HIS  BRAVE 
TARS  AFTER  THE  GLORIOUS  BATTLE  OF  THE  NILE 

Rowlandson  Delin  &  Sculp 

London  Pub  OcV  20  lygS  at  Ackermann's  Gallery  loi  Strand 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  imaginary  scene  on  the  deck  of  the 
Vanguard.  The  sailors  are  crowded  round  an  improvised  table,  drinking 
and  huzza-ing.  Nelson  and  his  officers  sit  abovet  hem  in  the  stern;  a 
wounded  officer  is  wrapped  in  a  blanket.  An  officer  takes  a  glass  held  up 
to  him  by  a  sailor.  One  man  plays  a  fiddle.  A  Turk  sits  on  the  deck  (1.) 
smoking  a  long  pipe.  Beneath  the  title  two  verses  of  a  song  are  engraved, 
the  Chorus: 

Put  the  Bumpers  about  &  be  gay 

To  hear  how  our  Doxies  will  smile 

Here's  to  Nelson  for  ever  Huzza 
And  King  George  on  the  Banks  of  the  Nile. 
See  No.  9250,  &c. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  350-1.   Reproduced,  Grego,  Illustrated  Souvenir, 
Royal  Naval  Exhibition,  1891,  p.  56. 
10 X  i2|  in. 

9257  JOHN  BULL  TAKING  A  LUNCHEON:— OR— BRITISH 
COOKS,  CRAMMING  OLD  GRUMBLE-GIZZARD,  WITH 
BONNE-CHERE. 

J*  Gillray  ini^  &  fed 

Publishd  OcV  24^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  S*  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull,  gross  and  obese,  seated  at  a 
table  covered  with  the  emblems  of  naval  victory,  looks  towards  British 
admirals,  who  advance  towards  him  wearing  aprons  over  their  uniforms, 
but  with  stern  expressions,  holding  out  dishes  containing  captured  French 

484 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

ships.  John,  knife  in  his  r.  hand,  about  to  swallow  a  French  ship  speared 
on  his  fork,  says:  What!  more  Frigasees? — why  you  sons  0'  bitches,  you, 
where  do  ye  think  I  shall  find  room  to  stow  all  you  bring  in? —  In  the  fore- 
ground is  Nelson,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  face  bearing  scars ;  from  his  pocket 
hangs  a  List  of  French  Ships  Taken  Burnt  &  destroy[ed].  His  dish  is 
Fricassee  a  la  Nelson.  Howe,  full-face,  is  the  centre  of  the  group  with 
Fricando  a  la  Howe.  Warren  holds  up  Desert  a  la  Warren.  Behind  Nelson 
(r.)  is  Duncan,  whose  dish  contains  Dutch  Cheese  [bis]  a  la  Duncan.  The 
other  three  are  less  characterized,  their  dishes  are:  a  la  Gardiner,  a  la 
Bridport,  and  a  la  Vincent.   Behind  appears  the  head  of  an  eighth  officer. 

On  the  wall  behind  John  Bull  hangs  a  hat  with  a  ribbon  inscribed  Nelson ; 
it  obscures  a  print  of  Buonaparte  in  Egypt.  On  the  floor  stands  a  large 
frothing  jug  of  True  British  Stout,  decorated  with  the  Royal  Arms.  The 
table  is  laid  with  crossed  cannons,  a  dish  of  battered  ships:  Soup  and  Bouilli; 
and  side-dishes  containing  small  gunboats.  Through  an  open  window 
leaders  of  the  Opposition  are  seen  in  flight,  with  upraised  arms :  Fox  says. 
Oh,  Curse  his  Guts!  he'll  take  a  Chop  at  Us,  next.   Next  him  is  Sheridan. 

One  of  many  prints  illustrating  the  exultation  at  Nelson's  victory,  see 
No.  9250,  &c.  Cf.  a  passage  on  'Nelson's  New  Art  of  Cookery',  The  Times, 
13  Mar.  1797,  quoted  J.  Ashton,  English  Caricature  on  Napoleon  I,  1888, 
p.  40.  For  the  attitude  of  the  Opposition  cf.  No.  9248,  &c.  For  the  other 
victories  and  captures  here  indicated  see  Nos.  9046,  9160,  9167,  9262,  9264, 
9412,  and  Index  of  Persons.  The  grossness  of  John  Bull,  the  severity  of 
the  admirals,  add  an  element  of  irony.  No.  9259  is  an  imitation  of  this 
print. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  248  (reproduction).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  208. 
Van  Stolk,  No.  5416.    Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.    Reproduced,  Ashbee, 
p.  38;  Maurice  and  Cooper,  p.  9. 
9|x  14  in. 

9257  A  A  copy  (coloured),  pi.  N°  XXIV  to  London  und  Paris,  ii,  1798. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  286-93.   (John  Bull  is  compared  to  Gargantua.) 

6J  X  8f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9258  THE  FUNERAL  OF  THE  PARTY. 
[PAnsell.^] 

Pu¥  Octd'  30""  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  coffin,  its  pall  inscribed  The  \ 
Party  \  Supported  by  Corresponding  Citizens,  is  the  centre  of  a  procession, 
preceded  (r.)  by  four  ragged  Citizens  each  playing  a  marrow-bone  and 
cleaver :  Marrowbones  and  Cleavers  by  Corresponding  Citizens.  Behind  them 
walks  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  holding  up  a  standard :  Majesty  of  the  People ; 
on  its  summit  perches  a  bird :  The  Standard  Bearer  in  Half  Mourning  with 
the  Chicken  [M.  A.  Taylor,  see  No.  6777]  chaunting  the  Elegy.  His  Earl- 
Marshal's  baton  projects  from  his  coat-pocket.   Next,  in  a  surplice,  hold 

ing  an  open  book,  Right  of  Man  [see  No.  7867,  &c.]  walks  Parson  H e 

T e  [Home  Tooke]  reading  the  Service.    The  coffin  is  supported  by 

three  plebeian  pall-bearers  wearing  long  gowns  edged  with  tricolour,  and 
mourning  noisily,  who  walk  beside  the  coffin ;  the  legs  of  three  others  are 
'  Attributed  to  Gillray  by  Grego,  p.  251. 
485 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

seen  beneath  it.  Behind  it  are  the  Chief  Mourners'.  Fox  (weeping)  and 
Sheridan  are  the  first  pair;  next  is  Derby,  very  short,  beside  the  tall 
Bedford.  Erskine  and  Lauderdale  walk  together,  followed  by  Stanhope 
on  the  extreme  1,  All  the  mourners  wear  bonnets-rouges  with  mourning- 
scarves. 

The  coffin  is  surmounted  by  a  pile  of  emblems,  Regalia  of  the  Deceased, 
in  the  form  of  an  animal  couchant,  on  a  large  book :  Kentish-Oath's.  On 
this  is  a  smaller  book,  Toasts  and  Sentiments.  A  pile  of  Old  Wigs  forms  the 
creature's  shoulders  and  fore-paws ;  the  hind-quarters  are  a  bundle  of  worn 
out  Liberty  Caps.  The  head  is  a  skull  inscribed  Boney-parte ;  under  its  jaw 
is  thrust  a  long  dagger;  it  wears  a  cap  of  Libert[y].  The  pall,  bordered 
with  tricolour,  has  three  side-panels,  and  one,  Injusti[ce],  partly  visible,  in 
front;  each  of  the  three  has  a  bonnet-rouge;  beneath  it,  representing  [i] 
Plunder  are  crossed  muskets,  [2]  Murder  with  crossed  daggers,  and  [3] 
[P]erjury  with  spears. 

A  satire  on  the  plight  of  the  Opposition,  see  No.  9248,  &c.,  after  the 
Battle  of  the  Nile,  see  No.  9250,  &c.  For  Norfolk's  standard  and  the  book 
of  toasts  see  No.  9168,  &c.  'Kentish-Oaths'  is  an  allusion  to  O'Connor's 
trial  at  Maidstone,  see  No.  9245,  &c.  For  the  London  Corresponding 
Society  see  No.  9189,  &c.  Perhaps  an  imitation  of  No.  7526,  but  the 
striking  similarity  may  derive  from  the  resemblance  of  both  to  an  actual 
funeral  procession.  Cf.  No.  941 1. 
ioJX2o/g  in. 

9259  JOHN  BULL  TAKING  A  LUNCH— OR  JOHNNY'S  PUR- 
VEYORS PAMPERING  HIS  APPETITE  WITH  DAINTIES  FROM 
ALL  PARTS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

[PAnsell.] 

Pub^  Nov''  J^'  ^^798  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly — Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  close  imitation  but  not  a  copy  of 
No.  9257,  reversed.  John  Bull  says:  Od  Zooks  why  I  shall  never  be  able 
to  lay  up  all  these  in  my  wet^ock,  Dang  it  the  Mounseers  must  never  talk 
of  cooking  after  this,  I  say  Measter  Nelson  why  you  have  done  that  with  the 
gravy  in  it.  Nelson  proffers  Ragout  from  Aboukir,  with  V  Orient  in  flames; 
suspended  from  the  hook  which  replaces  his  r.  hand  is  a  large  pot  of  Hash 
Crocadiles,  from  which  a  crocodile's  jaws  emerge.  From  his  pocket  hangs 
a  paper :  Ships  escaped  None.  He  says :  this  is  only  a  whet  for  you  we  will 
serve  up  Dinner  bye  and  bye.  He  wears  the  diamond  aigrette  presented  by 
the  Sultan,  see  No.  9269,  and  a  plaster  over  his  (wounded)  eye.  The  other 
officers  bring :  Puff  Paste  from  Brest  \  Howe ;  Bridport  mince  meat ;  Dutch 
Pudding  from  Camperdown  [Duncan] ;  An  Irish  Stew  War  en ;  Fricassee  from 
Cadiz  I  5'  Vincent ;  Gardners  Fricando.  On  the  table  is  a  dish  of  Solomon 
Gundy.  On  the  wall  is  a  broadside  headed:  The  Chapter  of  Admirals  a 
favorite  Song,  followed  by  a  list:  Howe,  Bridport,  Gardner,  Vincent,  Duncan, 
Nelson,  Warren.  On  the  ground  (r.)  is  a  huge  tankard  of  Best  Home  Brewd, 
decorated  with  the  Royal  Arms,  the  British  Lion  saying  hurra.  Three 
heads  look  through  the  open  window  (r.):  Whitbread,  holding  a  bottle  of 
Arsenic  (an  imputation  on  his  beer),  says  /  zvish  I  could  season  it  for  him. 
Sheridan  says  Curse  his  Guts  I  say ;  Fox,  /  say  curse  the  Cooks.  The  irony 
of  Gillray's  design  is  absent:  John  Bull  is  less  gross,  the  admirals  less  stern. 
10 X  i6|  in. 

486 


POLITICAL   SATIRES   1798 

9260  DESTRUCTION  OF  THE  FRENCH  COLLOSSUS. 

J'  Gillray  inv^  &  f 

Pu¥  Nov"  J^'  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey.  2y  S^  James's  Street  London 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Colossus,  emblem  of  French  revolu- 
tionary bloodshed  and  aggression  (and  perhaps  intended  for  Bonaparte), 
strides  from  Egypt  (r.),  where  the  1.  foot  rests  on  Pyramids,  to  France, 
where  the  r.  foot  tramples  on  the  Holy  Bible  and  a  cross.  Beneath  the  Bible 
lie  the  dismantled  scales  of  justice.  Above,  an  arm  and  the  shield  of 
Britannia  emerge  from  dark  clouds;  in  the  hand  is  a  sheaf  of  thunder- 
bolts which  smites  the  Colossus,  striking  off  its  head,  a  skull  in  which 
serpents  twine ;  from  this  drops  a  bonnet-rouge  in  the  form  of  a  fool's  cap. 
The  arms  and  legs  of  the  Colossus  have  also  been  broken,  so  that  the  figure 
is  on  the  point  of  collapse.  The  severed  r.  hand  rests  on  a  guillotine, 
inscribed  Fraternite.  The  decollated  head  of  Louis  XVI  [see  No.  8297, 
&c.]  hangs  by  the  hair  from  the  figure's  neck.  From  the  1.  hand  drops  an 
open  book:  Religion  de  la  Nature  [cf.  Nos.  8350,  9240]  Injustice  Oppression 
Murder  Destruction.  The  figure  wears  only  a  tricolour  sash  and  belt  in 
which  are  a  pistol  and  a  bloody  dagger.  Its  hands  and  feet  are  dyed  with 
blood  above  the  wrists  and  ankles. 

Tricolour  flags  inscribed  with  names  decorate  the  landscape,  showing 
the  extent  of  French  depredations :  Malta  in  the  channel  immediately  under 
the  Colossus;  Spain  (1.)  behind  France;  Holland,  with  windmills;  Switzer- 
land backed  by  rocky  mountains;  Rome  with  the  dome  of  St.  Peter's. 
Beneath  the  title:  "Shall  the  Works  of  a  wicked  Nation  remain? — shall  the 
Monuments  of  Oppression  not  be  destroyed? — shall  the  \  "Lightening  not  blast 
the  Image,  which  the  Destroyers  have  set  up  against  the  God  of  Heaven,  <Sf 
against  his  Laws?"   Tertullian.^ 

One  of  many  prints  illustrating  the  exultation  at  the  Battle  of  the  Nile, 
see  No.  9250,  &c.  It  illustrates  the  over-estimation  of  the  results  of  the 
battle,  great  as  these  were.  See  F.  Charles-Roux,  L'Angleterre  et  V Expedi- 
tion frangaise  en  jSgypte,  Cairo,  1925,  i.  58  ff. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  248-9.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  213.    De  Vinck, 
No.  4992.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
i3|X9|in. 

9261  DOUBLCRES    of    characters;— or— striking    RE- 
SEMBLANCES IN  PHISIOGNOMY.— 

y^  Gillray  inv^  &  fed 

Published  Nov  i'^  179S,  by  J.   Wright,  Piccadilly,— for  the  Anti- 
Jacobin  Review. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  PI.  to  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  i.  612,  where 
it  has  no  relation  to  the  text,  and  is  placed  at  random.  Also  issued  sepa- 
rately. Bust  portraits  of  seven  leaders  of  the  Opposition,  each  with  his 
almost  identical  double,  arranged  in  two  rows,  with  numbers  referring  to 
notes  below  the  title.  The  first  pair  are  Fox,  directed  slightly  to  the  1., 
and  Satan,  a  snake  round  his  neck,  his  agonized  scowl  a  slight  exaggeration 
of  Fox's  expression ;  behind  them  are  frames.  They  are  /.  The  Patron  of 
Liberty,  Doublure,  the  Arch-Fiend  (cf.  Nos.  6383,  9263,  &c.).    Next  is 

'  The  quotation  is  not  from  the  authentic  works  of  TertuUian.  Information  from 
Mr.  E.  H.  Blakeney. 

487 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Sheridan,  with  bloated  face,  and  staring  intently  with  an  expression  of  sly 
greed;  his  double  clasps  a  money-bag:  II.  A  Friend  to  his  Country,  Douh^ 
Judas  selling  his  Master.  The  Duke  of  Norfolk,  looking  to  the  r.,  scarcely 
caricatured,  but  older  than  in  contemporary  prints.  His  double,  older  still, 
crowned  with  vines,  holds  a  brimming  glass  to  his  lips,  which  drip  with 
wine:  ///.  Character  of  High  Birth,  Doub^  Silenus  debauching  (cf.  No.  8159). 
(Below)  Tierney,  directed  to  the  r.,  but  looking  sideways  to  the  1.:  IV.  A 
Finished  Patriot,  Doul/  The  lowest  Spirit  of  Hell.  Burdett,  in  profile  to  the 
r.,  with  his  characteristic  shock  of  forward-falling  hair,  trace  of  whisker, 
and  high  neck-cloth,  has  a  raffish-looking  double  with  similar  but  unkempt 
hair:  V.  Arbiter  Elegantiarum,  Doub^  Sixteen-string  Jack  [a  noted  highway- 
man]. Lord  Derby,  caricatured,  in  profil  perdu,  very  like  his  simian 
double,  who  wears  a  bonnet-rouge  terminating  in  the  bell  of  a  fool's  cap : 
VI.  Strong  Sense,  Doub^  A  Baboon.  The  Duke  of  Bedford,  not  caricatured, 
and  wearing  a  top-hat,  has  a  double  wearing  a  jockey  cap  and  striped  coat 
(see  No.  9380):  VII.  A  Pillar  of  the  State,  Doub'  A  Newmarket  Jockey. 
After  the  title:  ''If  you  would  know  Mens  Hearts,  look  in  their  Faces" 
Lavater. 

Lavater  actually  analysed  (1788)  Fox's  physiognomy  in  flattering  terms. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  251  (small  copy). 
9JX12I  in. 

9261  A  A  copy,  Ja^  Gillray  deP,  faces  p.  82  in  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray 

(B.M.L.  745.  a.  6). 

6|X9f  in.  'Caricatures',  v.  40. 

9261  B  A  copy  etched  by  G.  Cruikshank,  see  No.  9184  A.  Signature  and 
imprint  as  No.  9261.   Reid,  No.  712. 

3iX4|in. 

9262  A  SLEEPY  DOSE  TO  THE  JACOBINES— OR  THE  EFFECTS 
OF  NELSONS  VICTORY 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Lond  Pub  by  J  Aikin  Castle  Street  Nov  3  lygS 

Engraving.  Foxites  sit  at  an  oblong  table,  in  deep  sleep,  with  night-caps 
(bonnets-rouges  with  cockades)  drawn  over  their  eyes,  as  if  at  a  meeting 
of  the  Whig  Club  (cf.  Jacobine  Wigs,  or  Good  Night  to  the  Party,  No.  8140, 
and  No.  9258).  Before  them  on  the  table  are  papers.  Norfolk  presides  (r.), 
holding  a  staff.  Birth  right,  indicating  his  hereditary  Earl-Marshalship.  His 
paper  is  Nelson's  Victory.  On  his  r.  sits  Bedford,  on  his  1.  Burdett,  beside 
whom  is  a  paper:  Let  us  all  be  Unhappy  Together.  Fox,  full-face,  is  the 
centre  figure,  his  head  in  both  hands,  holding  a  lighted  pipe  which  spills 
its  ashes.  Before  him  are  two  papers:  Ireland  and  French  Defeated  by 
Warren.  Next,  Sheridan,  with  a  letter  beginning  Dear  Citizen  and  signed 
A  O'Conner  (see  No.  9245,  &c.).  On  the  table  is  a  bottle  of  Sherry.  Next 
and  on  the  extreme  1.  is  Erskine,  his  head  drooping  characteristically  (cf. 
No.  9248).  Facing  him  is  Derby  with  Buonopartes  Total  Defeat.  Another 
paper:  Defeat  of  the  French  Fleet  of  the  Nile  by  Admiral  Nelson. 

On  the  wall  is  a  row  of  portraits  (1.  to  r.) :  Counceler  Muir,  who  had  given 
advice  to  the  French  on  the  projected  invasion,  see  No.  8360;  Napper 

488 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

Tandy  (see  No.  9424);  Holt,  W.L.  and  carrying  a  spear  ('General'  Joseph 
Holt,  a  leader  in  the  Irish  rebellion,  see  his  Memoirs,  ed.  T.  C.  Croker, 
1838);  T  Paine  (see  No.  8287);  L  E  Fitz  Gerald  (see  No.  9227,  &c.). 

For  the  plight  of  the  Opposition,  owing  to  Nelson's  victory  (see  No. 
9250)  and  events  in  Ireland,  see  No.  9248,  &c.  Warren  defeated  Hoche's 
force  off  Ireland,  11  and  12  Oct.,  and  thereby  acquired  much  popularity, 
see  Nos.  9257,  9259 ;  cf.  No.  9254. 
8|xi3i''gin. 

9263  STEALING  OFF;— OR— PRUDENT  SECESSION; 

J^  Gillray  inv*  &  fed 

Pu¥  Nov"  6'*  1798,  by  H.  Humphrey.  27  S^  James's  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Fox  flees  in  terror  through  the  doorway 
of  the  House  of  Commons,  taking  an  enormous  stride.  Beside  him  runs 
a  thin  demoniac  greyhound.  Grey,  wearing  a  collar:  Opposition  Grey- 
Hound.  A  small  animal  runs  behind  with  the  head  of  M.  A.  Taylor. 
Through  the  doorway  are  seen  half  the  Speaker's  chair  and  the  Opposition 
benches,  while  the  hands  of  Pitt,  who  is  speaking,  project  from  the  1., 
holding  two  scrolls:  O' Conner's  list  of  Secret  Traitors  and  Destruction  of 
Buonaparte — Capture  of  the  French  Navy — End  of  the  Irish  Rebellion — 
Voluntary  Associations — Europe  Arming — Britannia  Ruling  the  Waves.  His 
words  float  towards  the  dismayed  Opposition :  Read  o'er  This! — And  after 
this! — And  then  to  Breakfast,  with  what  appetite  you  may!!!  The  Opposi- 
tion are  furtively  eating  papers :  Sheridan  eats  Loyalty  of  the  Irish  Nation ; 
Tierney,  Homage  to  the  French  Con[}  stitution].  Between  them  is  squeezed 
the  hat  of  C.  Fox,  indicating  that  between  them  they  have  left  little  room 
for  their  leader.  Erskine,  the  egotist  [see  No.  9246,  &c.],  eats  7ny  own 
Loyalty;  Shuckburgh,  French  lib[erty] ;  Nicholls,  a  Letter  to  WPitt;  Burdett, 
Egalite;  an  unidentified  member  eats  Peace  or  Ruin.  All  wear  hats  except 
Burdett  and  Erskine.  The  House  is  lit  by  candles  burnt  to  the  socket, 
suggesting  an  all-night  sitting.  After  the  title : 

{N.B.  The  back-ground  contains,  a  corner  of  the 
House  next  Session;  with  the  Reasons  for  Secession; 
— also,  a  democratic  Dejeune; — i.e.  Opposition  Eat- 
ing up  their  Words. 

For  the  secession  see  No.  9018,  &c.  For  the  speedy  dissatisfaction  at 
the  secession  felt  by  the  Opposition  see  Lady  Holland's  Journal,  i.  164-5 
(Dec.  1797),  215  (Dec.  1798);  Fox,  Memorials  and  Corr.  iii.  144  (Mar. 
1798).  One  of  many  prints  illustrating  the  effects  of  the  Battle  of  the  Nile 
on  the  Opposition,  see  No.  9248,  &c.  For  O'Connor's  revelations  see 
No.  9245,  &c.  The  first  allusion  to  the  diplomatic  consequences  of  the 
victory,  see  No.  9273.  The  quotation  from  Paradise  Lost  (iv.  920-1)  com- 
pares Fox  with  Satan,  cf.  No.  9261,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  251.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  210.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 

915X14  in- 

9263  A  A  copy  is  pi.  A^"  /  to  England  und  Paris,  iii,  1799.  J  Gillray  Inv. 

lygg  S*  [Starcke]/'.  Explanatory  text,  pp.  65-73. 

6Jx8|in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

489 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL   SATIRES 

9264  HIGH  FUN  FOR  JOHN  BULL  OR  THE  REPUBLICANS 
PUT  TO  THEIR  LAST  SHIFT.  N°  19 

Rowlandson  inv^  &  sculp 

Published  Nov''  12.  lygS  by  R.  Ackermann  N  loi  Strand 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull  stands  with  a  whip,  jovially 
watching  the  baking  of  ships  for  France  in  a  Dutch  Oven  (r.).  A  fat  Dutch- 
man, an  empty  pipe  in  his  mouth,  pushes  into  the  oven  on  a  shovel  a  batch 
of  ships,  saying.  Bonder  &  Blaxan  to  Dis  Fraternization  instead  ofsmoaking 
mine  Pipes  &  sacking  De  Gold,  Disfrench  Broders  make  me  build  Ships  Dat 
Mynheer  Jan  Bull  may  have  De  Fun  to  take  dem.  A  ragged  Frenchman 
kneels  behind  him  holding  out  another  batch  of  ships  on  a  tray,  saying, 
Sacredieu  Citoyens  make  a  Haste  wit  one  autre  Fleet,  den  we  will  shew  you 
how  to  make  one  grande  Invasion.  Beside  the  oven  (r.)  a  French  peasant, 
more  ragged  and  abject,  approaches  with  a  heavy  receptacle  inscribed: 
Ruination,  Botheration,  Confiscation,  Requisition,  Plunderation,  Limitation, 
Execution,  Constitution,  Fraternization,  Naturalization,  Expedition,  Aboli- 
tion, Cutthroatation  &  Damnation.  Behind  the  Dutchman  a  Spaniard  sup- 
ports on  his  head  a  tray  of  cannon,  saying,  How!  That  Nelson  wit  one  Arm 
&  Eye,  can  take  our  Ships  by  Dozens  then  vat  shall  we  do  against  the  autres, 
wid  two  Arms  and  Eyes,  dey  will  have  two  dozen  at  a  Time.  John  Bull 
answers,  a  hand  on  his  fat  paunch,  What?  you  could  not  find  that  out  before 
you  stupid  Dupes,  but  since  you  began  the  fun  you  shall  keep  on — So  work 
away  Damn  ye  else  Jack  Tar  will  soon  be  idle.  Behind  (I.)  a  grinning  Jack 
Tar  capers,  with  a  large  tray  of  ships  on  his  head,  saying.  Push  on  keep 
moving  [cf.  No.  9010]  P II  soon  come  for  another  Cargo  for  Old  England  for 
ever  Huzza. 

One  of  many  prints  exulting  at  Nelson's  victory,  see  No.  9250,  &c. 
Losses  of  the  Dutch  at  Camperdown,  of  Spain  at  St.  Vincent,  are  also 
represented,  as  in  No.  9257,  &c.,  as  well  as  the  sacrifices  of  France  to 
revolution  and  aggression.  For  French  exactions  from  Holland  see  No. 
8608,  &c.  Cf.  Gillray's  Tiddy  Doll,  23  Jan.  1806,  where  Napoleon  bakes 
kings  in  a  'French  Oven'. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  352.  Van  Stolk,  No.  5417.  Reproduced,  Wheeler 
and  Broadley,  i.  250. 
10^X13!  in. 

9265  CONCILIATION— RECONCILIATION— OR    JOHN    BULL 
AND  HIS  BROTHER  PADDY 

[?Ansell.] 

Pu¥  Nov  12  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull,  a  soldier  in  full  uniform  wear- 
ing an  enormous  busby,  offers  to  take  the  hand  of  a  frightened  Irishman, 
whose  hair  rises  on  his  head,  pushing  up  his  hat.  John,  a  pair  of  pistols  in 
his  belt,  holds  a  drawn  sword  resting  against  his  1.  shoulder,  his  musket 
is  slung  to  his  back ;  he  is  whiskered,  and  a  long  moustache  gives  him  a 
Prussian  appearance.  He  says :  give  me  your  hand  Pat,  forget  and  forgive 
is  a  good  old  Motto.  Pat  answers,  his  hand  tentatively  put  forward :  Bless 
your  heart!  Pm  one  of  the  best  fellows  breathing! — but  you  frightened  one  so 
with  your  great  Fur  Cap  and  Whiskers.  By  S^  Patrick  I  did  not  know  what 
yoiCd  be  at.  Behind  is  a  mountainous  landscape  with  a  town  in  flames. 

Perhaps  a  satire  on  military  coercion  in  Ireland  after  the  rebellion  (see 
No.  9228,  &c.).  A  very  good  harvest  in  1798  did  something  to  appease  the 

490 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

country,  Lecky,  Hist,  of  England,  1890,  viii.  255.  Cornwallis  was  blamed 
for  leniency.   Ibid.,  p.  252  f. 

i3i6X9f  in. 

9266  THE  FALL  OF  PHAETON— THE  BLOW  UP  OF  THE  WHIG 
CLUB— OR  THE  MAJESTY  OF  THE  PEOPLE. 

Pub.  Nov''  ly  1798,  by   S.W.  Fores,  N°  50,  Piccadilly  corner  of 

Sachville  SK  Folio's  of  Caricatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  as  Phaeton  falls  head  first  from  his 
chariot,  smitten  by  thunderbolts  issuing  from  the  mouth  of  George  III  (1.), 
whose  head  is  surrounded  by  the  rays  of  the  sun.  The  chariot  is  drawn 
by  three  animals  and  by  a  winged  dragon  inscribed  Ambition,  from  whose 
mouth  issues  a  barbed  fang  and  the  words  Aut  Cazar  aut  Nullus  (cf. 
No.  6380,  &c.).  The  animals  are  (i)  Duplicity,  with  a  wolf's  head  concealed 
by  a  mask  with  human  features ;  it  says :  Whats  Duplicity,  Why,  Coalesing 
with  the  Man  that  'deserved  a  Halter"  (North,  see  No.  6187,  &c.).  (2) 
Patriotism,  a  similar  beast  holding  in  its  mouth  a  staff  supporting  a  cap 
of  Liberty  from  which  drop  coins;  it  says:  Whats  Patriotism?  a  Pension 
to  oppose  the  Government  (cf.  No.  8331,  &c.).  (3)  Whiggism  with  two 
human  profiles,  one  scowling,  the  other  saying,  with  a  cynical  smile :  Whats 
Whiggism?  why,  that  the  Prince  of  Wales  has  a  right  to  be  regent  without  the 
consent  of  the  People  (see  No.  7381,  &c.).  Behind  the  chariot  stand  three 
footmen  with  tags  on  their  shoulders,  who  are  being  dislodged  by  the 
King's  thunderbolts.  They  are  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  Erskine,  and 
Sheridan.  The  thunderbolts  are  inscribed  (four  times)  Maidstone  Oaths 
(see  No.  9245,  &c.)  and  Majesty  of  the  People  (see  Nos.  9168,  9205,  &c.). 
Below  the  clouds  (r.)  and  on  a  small  scale  is  a  view  of  the  Shakespeare 
Tavern,  on  fire ;  members  escape  from  a  ground-floor  window.  Above,  the 
interior  of  a  room  on  the  first  floor  is  seen,  a  dinner  of  the  Whig  Club 
interrupted  by  the  conflagration,  the  members  fleeing  in  confusion.  Among 
them  is  a  stout  parson,  probably  Dr.  Parr. 

One  of  many  prints  on  the  discomfiture  of  the  Opposition,  see  No. 
9248,  &c.    An  indication  of  the  lasting  opprobrium  resulting  from  the 
Coalition,  cf.  No.  8099  and  W.  A.  Miles,  Corr.  on  the  French  Revolution, 
ii.  342  (letter  of  26  Jan.  1806). 
I2fxi5iin. 

9267   CECEDERS    IN  LIMBO— IE— VAGABOND'S   MADE  USE- 
FULL 

[PAnseil.] 

Pub^  Nov'  20'*i  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caraca- 

tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  a  prison,  a  stone  wall 
and  small  barred  window  forming  a  background.  Three  prisoners,  wear- 
ing bonnets-rouges,  beat  hemp  with  mallets  or  blocks.  Fox,  very  hairy  and 
unkempt,  turns  to  scowl  at  Pitt,  who  stands  on  the  extreme  1.,  holding  up 
a  many-lashed  whip,  and  saying:  Mind  your  business  ye  Vagabonds — no 
idling — /'//  teach  ye  a  new  Trade  now  you  have  left  your  Old  Calling — there 
is  a  good  deal  of  rope  wanted — there  must  be  no  neglect  of  Duty  here.  Sheridan, 
in  profile  to  the  r.,  looks  behind  him  out  of  the  corners  of  his  eyes  with  sulky 
apprehension,  Norfolk  (r.)  looks  towards  Pitt  with  alarm.  Below  the  title: 
'  See  No.  9687,  of  this  date. 
491 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Poor  Pilgrims  blithe  and  Jolly  " 

In  Penance  for  past  Folly." 
For  the  secession  see  No,  9018,  &c. ;  for  the  pHght  of  the  Opposition, 
No.  9248,  &c. 
i3fxioi|in. 

9268  FIGHTING    FOR    THE    DUNGHILL :— OR— JACK    TAR 
SETTLING  BUONAPARTE.' 

jf'  Gillrayinv'  &f 

Pu¥  Nov""  20^^  1798.  by  H  Humphrey  S^  Jameses  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  British  sailor,  firmly  planted  astride  the 
globe,  is  severely  punishing  Bonaparte,  who,  with  one  knee  precariously 
on  Turk\ey'\  (Egypt),  is  about  to  fall  backwards  into  space.  Bonaparte  wears 
a  huge  cocked  hat,  is  naked  from  the  waist,  but  wears  sleeve-ruffles,  accord- 
ing to  the  old  gibe  on  the  beggarly  French  fop.  He  is  much  emaciated, 
and  gashed  with  wounds ;  Nelson  is  inscribed  on  his  solar  plexus.  Blood 
gushes  from  his  nose.  Jack  Tar's  r.  leg  stretches  across  central  Europe, 
the  toe  supported  on  Malta.   Clouds  form  a  background. 

One  of  many  prints  illustrating  the  elation  at  Nelson's  victory,  see 
No.  9250,  &c.  Malta  broke  into  open  rebellion  against  the  French  on 
2  Sept.  1798;  the  revolt  was  supported  by  a  British  blockade,  but  the 
French  garrison  at  Valetta  did  not  capitulate  till  5  Sept.  1800. 

Grego,  G///ray,  p.  248.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  212.  Broadley,  A/^apofeon, 
i.  122-3.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.   Often  reproduced,  e.g.  Wheeler  and 
Broadley,  ii.  178;  Grand-Carteret,  Napoleon  en  images,  1905,  p.  55;  Fuchs, 
p.  161  (small  copy). 
9|Xi3Hn. 

9269  THE  HERO  OF  THE  NILE. 
fGillraydel.  &  fed 

Pu¥  Dec'  r^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  27  S  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Nelson  stands  directed  slightly  to  the 
].,  wearing  a  peer's  robe  over  his  uniform  and  the  jewel  and  star  of  the 
Bath.  In  his  cocked  hat  is  the  diamond  aigrette  (chelengk,  or  plume  of 
triumph)  presented  to  him  by  the  Sultan,  and  now  in  the  Maritime 
Museum,  Greenwich.  His  1.  hand  rests  on  the  hilt  of  a  cutlass,  L'Epee  de 
VAmiral  de  la  Grande  Nation.  He  stands  on  a  boarded  floor  (or  deck)  with 
a  background  of  clouds.  In  a  vignette  beneath  the  design  is  an  adaptation 
of  the  augmentation  of  arms  granted  to  him  in  November  when  he  was 
created  Baron  Nelson  of  the  Nile  and  Burnham-Thorpe  with  a  pension  of 
5^2,000  a  year.  The  supporters  (granted  after  St.  Vincent)  are:  dexter,  a 
sailor  (unarmed  instead  of  armed)  holding  up  a  palm  (added  1798),  and 
sinister,  a  lion  also  holding  up  a  palm  (added  1798)  and  with  a  tricolour 
flag  in  its  teeth.  Both  are  burlesqued.  Below  the  (correct)  disabled  ship, 
palm-tree,  and  ruinous  battery,  Gillray  has  added,  in  place  of  the  correct 
arms,  a  full  purse  with  a  scroll:  £2000  p'  Ann.  The  motto  (Palmam  qui 
meruit  ferat)  and  crest,  a  naval  crown  with  the  chelengk,  are  correct. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  249.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  211.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9fX7|in.   With  border,  io}|x  8^  in. 

'  This  pi.  is  described  in  Caricatures  of  Gillray  [1818],  p.  147,  with  the  title  Battle 
for  the  Globe.  The  pi.  is  missing  from  the  B.M.  copy. 

492 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

9270  "TWO  PAIR  OF  PORTRAITS;"— 

J'  Gillray,  irn^  &  fed 

Publishd  December  J*  lygS.  by  J.  Wright,  Piccadilly,  for  y'  Anti- 
Jacobin  Review 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  PI.  facing  p.  574,  vol.  i, 
where  a  transcript  of  Home  Tooke's  pamphlet,  pubHshed  for  the  West- 
minster Election  of  1788,  is  styled  'Description  of  the  Print'.  The  title 
continues:  presented  to  all  the  unbiassed  Electors  of  Great  Britain,^  by  John 
Home  Tooke.  Home  Tooke,  not  caricatured,  sits  at  an  easel  on  which  are 
juxtaposed  two  canvases,  T.Q.L.^  portraits  of  Fox  (I.)  and  Pitt  (r.);  he 
holds  palette  and  brushes,  but  looks  over  his  r.  shoulder  at  the  spectator, 
saying:  "Which  two  of  them  will  you  chuse  \"to  hang  up  in  your  Cabinets;  | 
"the  Pitts,  or  the  Foxes? —  |  "Where,  on  your  Conscience,  |  "should  the  other 
two  be  hanged?  [Op.  cit.,  final  words.]  Fox's  1.  hand  rests  on  a  pedestal 
inscribed  Deceit,  on  which  the  head  of  a  fox  holding  a  mask  is  just  discern- 
ible. Pitt's  r.  hand  rests  on  a  similar  but  rather  higher  pedestal  inscribed 
Truth;  Truth's  head  and  a  hand  holding  a  mirror  are  just  discernible. 
Their  expressions  support  the  two  inscriptions.  From  the  painter's  pocket 
projects  a  pamphlet :  Sketches  of  Patriotic  Views — a  Pension,  a  Mouth  Stopper 
a  Place. 

On  the  ground,  resting  against  a  table,  is  the  other  pair  of  portraits, 
juxtaposed.  Lord  Holland  (1.)  and  Chatham  (r.),  bust  portraits,  in  peer's 
robes,  the  family  likenesses  to  their  sons,  especially  in  the  case  of  the  Foxes, 
being  stressed.  Each  holds  a  document:  Holland,  ^Unaccounted  Millions' 
(he  had  been  styled  the  public  defaulter  of  unaccounted  millions  in  the 
City  petition  of  1769,  see  No.  4296,  &c.,  and  cf.  No.  8622);  Chatham, 
Rewards  of  a  Grateful  Nation.  On  the  table  is  a  portfolio  of  Studies  from 
French  Masters  from  which  protrude  sketches  inscribed  From  Robertspierre, 
from  Tallien,  from  Marat.  (Cf.  No.  8437,  &c.) 

The  wall,  which  forms  a  background,  is  covered  with  prints,  &c.  (1.  to  r.): 
[i]  (partly  visible)  a  dagger  about  to  be  plunged  into  a  prostrate  figure, 
inscribed  3^  Sept  [1792],  see  No.  8122.  [2]  A  Sketch  for  an  English 
Directory,  four  members  of  the  London  Corresponding  Society  (see  No. 
9189,  &c.)  seated  at  a  table,  the  chairman  a  butcher  holding  a  frothing 
tankard.  (The  figures  are  not  quite  the  grotesque  denizens  of  the  under- 
world represented  in  No.  9202.)  [3]  A  framed  H.L.  portrait  of  Wilkes, 
squinting  violently  and  clasping  two  large  money-bags:  M*"  Chamberlain 
Wilkes  ci-devant,  Wilkes  &  Liberty  (see  No.  6568) ;  it  is  labelled :  The  Effect 
in  this  Picture  to  be  copied  as  exact  as  possible.  [4]  A  profile  in  silhouette : 
Shadow  of  the  Abbe  Seyes  (see  No.  9509).  [5]  A  framed  picture:  view  of 
the  Windmill  at  Wimbleton  (from  Home  Tooke's  house,  near  Caesar's 
Camp).  The  two  upper  sails  are  Divinity  and  Politicks,  the  lower  Treason 
and  Atheism.  [6]  A  placard:  just  published  The  Art  of  Political  Painting, 
extracted  from  the  works  of  the  most  celebrated  Jacobin  Professors — Pro  bono 
publico.  [7]  A  bust  of  Machiavel,  looking  reflectively  towards  Home 
Tooke.  [8]  Part  of  a  landscape  with  a  small  house:  Parsonage  of  Brentford 
(cf.  No.  4866,  &c.). 

'  The  original  title,  reprinted  on  p.  574,  continued:  'and  especially  to  the 
Electors  of  Westminster.'  The  whole  text  of  the  pamphlet  is  reprinted  in  the 
Review,  pp.  574-9,  702-9,  but  not  in  parallel  columns  as  in  1788. 

*  Home  Tooke  described  his  portraits  as  'not  tchole  lengths,  and  left  for  some 
younger  hand  hereafter  to  finish  .  .  .',  p.  7. 

493 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Fox  and  Home  Tooke,  equally  the  subjects  of  attack,  had  become  recon- 
ciled, cf.  No.  8813,  and  the  latter,  a  violent  opponent  of  Pitt,  is  exhibited  as 
a  renegade  by  a  literal  illustration  of  his  own  pamphlet.    Cf.  No.  7371. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  253.    Reproduced,  Grego,  Hist,  of  Parliamentary 
Elections,  1892,  p.  305. 
7ixioiin. 

9270  A  A  copy,  J.  Gillray  inv.,  C.  Starck  sclp.  lygg,  is  pi.  A^"  IV  to 
London  und  Paris,  iii,  1799.  The  profile  of  Sieyes  is  omitted.  Explanatory 
text,  pp.  157-77. 
6f  X  8J  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9270  B  A  copy,  Ja*  Gillray  Ini^,  faces  p.  65  in  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 
7jX  10^  in.   With  border,  7|x  io|  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

9271  "IMPROVEMENT  IN  WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES".— OR 
—SIR  JOHN  SEECLEAR  DISCOVERING  YE  BALLANCE  OF  YE 
BRITISH  FLAG. 

J^  Gillray  ini^  &  fee* 

Pu¥  Dec'  r^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Sinclair,  tall  and  thin,  stands  full-face, 
holding  up  in  his  r.  hand  a  balance  (steelyard,  or  stilliard)  inscribed  Vive 
le  Egalite.  A  large  British  flag  at  the  r.  end  of  the  beam  much  outweighs 
a  bunch  of  objects  at  the  other;  three  documents:  [i]  Navy  of  England  to 
be  retaind  viz:  50  000  Seamen  &  half  a  Dozen  Ships  of  War — 300  000 
Sailors  to  be  sent  to  plant  Potatoes.  [2]  10  000  heavy  reasons  for  giving  the 
Enemy  a  fair  chance  of  getting  out  of  their  Ports.  [3]  Advantages  of  cold 
(economy.  Below  these  are  bunches  of  turnips,  carrots,  a  cabbage,  the  whole 
terminating  in  a  pendent  bonnet-rouge.  Sinclair  is  fashionably  dressed, 
wearing  a  hat,  half-boots,  ill-fitting  coat,  and  overcoat  almost  to  the  ankles. 

On  a  heavily  draped  writing-table  (r.)  are  three  large  volumes:  Improve- 
ments in  the  Art  of  Political  Dunging  and  Pursuits  of  Agriculture.  A  paper : 
The  Apostate  Laird — a  Parliamentary  Romance — together  with  Loss  of  the 
Agricultural  Arm  Chair.  On  the  wall  (r.)  is  a  picture  of  three  pigs  feeding 
at  a  trough  of  Democratic  Verbosity,  this  is  Pigs  Meat:  or  new  method  of 
feeding  the  Swinish  Multitude  [see  No.  8500,  &c.].  Beside  it  is  a  placard: 
Table  of  Weights  &  Measures  laid  down  upon  the  true  democratic  Principle 
of  the  Stilliards  of  Egalite.  A  patterned  carpet  completes  the  design. 

Sinclair  the  agriculturist,  having  attacked  Pitt  in  two  pamphlets  in  1798, 
lost  by  one  vote  the  presidency  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  owing  to  the 
opposition  of  the'official  members.  On  20  Nov.  he  opposed  the  Address  on 
the  King's  Speech,  blaming  the  Ministry  for  not  giving  Nelson  sufficient 
support  to  make  his  victory  more  complete.  On  27  Nov.  he  opposed  the 
Naval  Estimates,  urging  a  reduction  of  the  Navy  on  the  grounds  of  the 
French  defeat,  but  was  not  supported  by  the  remnant  of  the  Opposition, 
see  Nos.  9277,  9282,  9416;  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  1552-5,  1562  (more  fully 
reported  in  the  London  Chronicle,  27  Nov.).  Like  Moira  (see  No.  9184), 
Sinclair  proposed  (1798)  an  administration  excluding  both  Pitt  and  Fox. 
J.  Sinclair,  Memoirs  of  Sir  John  Sinclair,  1838,  i.  304-8. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  252.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  214.  J.  Sinclair,  op.  cit. 
i.  312.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
13^X9!  in. 

494 


POLITICAL   SATIRES  1798 

9271  A  A  copy  is  pi.  A^"  //  to  London  und  Paris,  iii,  1799.  Explanatory 
text,  pp.  74-91. 

Six 61  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9272  SUPPOSED  TO  BE,  A  CORRECT  REPRESENTATION  OF 
A  MAMELUKE  CHIEF; 

Pu¥  Dec"  i'^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  27,  S^  James  s  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  The  Mameluke  rides 
(r.  to  1.)  an  ill-drawn  galloping  horse,  holding  the  rein  in  his  teeth.  In  his 
r.  hand  is  a  sabre,  with  the  1.  he  fires  a  pistol;  at  his  back  is  a  quiver  of 
arrows.  Another  pistol  is  thrust  through  his  sash,  from  which  hangs  a 
sheath  holding  a  battle-axe.  The  horse  is  curiously  flecked  in  a  manner 
which  resembles  a  leopard-skin  under  the  saddle.  The  title  continues: 
from  a  Sketch  by  a  French  Officer  by  whom  he  was  taken  Prisoner.  Cf. 
No.  9360. 

Wright  and  Evans,  No.  228.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
PI.  7|xiii|in. 

9273  ST  GEORGE  AND  THE  DRAGON  OR  THE  GLORIOUS 
^RA  OF  1798. 

Pub.  Dec''  5.  lygS,  by  S.  W.  Fores,  N"  50,  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 
ville  S*    Folio's  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  as  St.  George,  riding  a  bull  (John 
Bull),  with  a  long  spear  inscribed  United  strength  of  the  people  pierces  a 
dragon  with  three  heads.  One  head,  that  of  Fox,  has  been  already  slashed 
off;  the  others  are  Sheridan  and  Tierney.  The  snorting  bull  tramples  on 
five  cocks  (1.),  inscribed  The  Directory.  Beside  them  a  dying  dog,  Spain, 
lies  on  its  back.  Pitt  wears  quasi-classical  armour,  his  cloak  floats  behind 
him.  Broad  beams  of  light  converge  upon  him  from  the  three  points  in  the 
arc  of  a  circle,  where  are  figures  placed  as  if  signs  of  the  Zodiac ;  these  are : 
a  crescent,  its  beam  inscribed  Turkey,  a  double-headed  eagle,  for  Austria, 
holding  in  one  beak  the  paw  of  a  pug-dog  representing  Holland.  A  bear 
represents  Russia.  Heavy  clouds  on  the  r.  are  dispersing  under  the  influence 
of  these  beams. 

The  victory  of  the  Nile,  see  No.  9250,  &c.,  leaving  the  best  generals  and 
troops  of  France  shut  up  in  Egypt,  incited  the  Emperor  Paul  to  hostility 
against  France,  encouraged  Austria,  and  brought  on  immediate  war  between 
France  and  Turkey.  Grenville  had  suggested  (27  Aug.  1798)  an  Anglo- 
Russian  expedition  to  free  the  Dutch  Republic.  Camb.  Hist,  of  British 
Foreign  Policy,  i.  285  ff.  For  the  effect  of  the  victory  on  the  Opposition 
see  No.  9248,  &c.   Cf.  No,  6405  (1784). 

9274  PLUNDERER  BEATING  DUPLICITY— OR  AMUSEMENTS 
AT  CAIRO 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

London.   Published  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50,  Piccadilly  De"'  6,  lygS, — 
Folios  of  Caricatures  Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  An  ass-race  past  the  Pyramids:  two  Turks  riding  with  both 
hands  on  their  reins,  distance  two  French  officers  who  use  cudgels  to  urge 
on  their  mounts.  A  French  officer  of  rank  (?  Bonaparte)  bestrides  an  ass  (1.) 

495 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

with  drawn  sword,  and  acts  as  judge.  A  high  feather  decorates  his  cocked 
hat  and  the  head-band  of  his  ass.  Beside  him  are  a  Turk  and  a  mounted 
French  officer.  Two  Turks  smoking  long  pipes  squat  in  the  foreground, 
talking.   For  the  French  in  Egypt  see  No.  9355,  &c. 

Listed  by  Broadley  (Latta  Coll.). 
SigXiSnin. 

9275  PROSPERO  AND  CALIBAN  IN  THE  ENCHANTED  ISLAND 
/  C  [Cruikshank.] 

Published  Dec'  6,  1798,  by  M— Allen  Paternoster  row, 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  as  Prosper©,  in  his  usual  dress,  but 
with  flowing  hair,  and  with  a  long  wand  in  his  r.  hand,  turns  to  Fox  (r.) 
with  an  imperious  gesture,  saying  (quoting  incorrectly): 

"Hence! — -fetch  usfewel,  &  be  quick 

Thou  wert  best — shrugst  thou  malice? 

If  thou  dost  unwillingly  what  I  command 

ril  rack  thee  with  old  cramps — 
Fox  as  Caliban,  hairy,  bearded,  and  ragged,  wearing  a  tricolour  scarf, 
stands  full-face ;  he  has  a  thick  tail  resting  on  the  ground.  He  shrugs  with 
savage  disgust,  saying: 

/  mmt  obey!  his  art  is  of  such  power 

It  would  control  a  Setebos, 

And  make  a  vassal  of  him.   [Tempest,  i.  ii.] 
See  No.  9276. 
8|xi2f  in. 

9276  A  SCENE  IN  THE  ENCHANTED  ISLAND 
IC  [Cruikshank.] 

Published  by  M  Allen,  13,  Paternoster-row  Dece^  6,  lygS, 

Engraving.  Sheridan  and  Fox  walk  arm-in-arm  as  Trinculo  the  jester  and 
Caliban;  beside  them  walks  (?)  Grattan  (cf.  No.  9343)  as  Stephano,  the 
drunken  butler,  holding  a  small  cask  of  Irish  whiskey  to  his  lips.  Sheridan 
holds  a  bottle  of  Sherry,  and  says :  The  folly  of  this  Island!  They  say  there  *s 
but  five  upon  this  Isle — we  are  three  of  them;  if  the  other  two  be  brain' d  like 
us  the  state  totters.  Fox  is  ragged,  hairy,  and  unshorn,  with  talons  for  nails. 
Both  wear  bonnets-rouges.  Pitt  (r.),  as  the  invisible  Ariel,  flies  off,  saying, 
This  will  I  tell  my  Master  [George  III].   [Tempest,  iii.  ii.] 

A  satire  on  the  discredit  of  the  Opposition  after  the  Irish  Rebellion, 
confession  of  O'Connor,  and  Battle  of  the  Nile,  cf.  Nos.  9228,  9245, 
9248,  &c.   For  satirical  adaptations  of  The  Tempest,  cf.  Nos.  6535,  8618, 

9275- 
8Jxi2|  in. 

9277  A  SINGULAR  SITUATION,  OR  I  BY-MYSELF  I  IN  THE 
DUMPS!! 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Published  by  M  Allen  15  Paternoster  Row,  De^  7,  lygS, 

Engraving.  A  sturdy  sailor,  smoking  a  pipe,  spokesman  for  three  others 
(1.),  addresses  Sir  John  Sinclair  with  contempt,  a  cudgel  under  his  1.  arm: 
/  say  Messmate. — you  seem  to  know  more  about  Ploughing  a  field,  than 

496 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

Ploughing  the  Ocean.  Sinclair,  fashionably  dressed,  stands  in  profile  to  the 
1.,  with  downcast  eyes  and  interlaced  fingers,  saying,  /  was  Planet  struck — 
certainly!  One  of  the  sailors,  looking  contemptuously  over  his  shoulder, 
says:  Let  him  alone  Jack,  he  can't  see  Clear  [cf.  title  of  No.  9271].  A  third 
says:  Reduce  the  Navy!  come  that's  a  pretty  Rig!  however. 

In  the  background  (r.)  Fox,  with  upraised  hands,  addresses  a  band  of 
his  scandalized  supporters :  /  am  quite  Shocked — we  never  went  so  far  as 
that,  did  we?   Sheridan  answers.  No  never — never.    Erskine  adds  Never, 
and  Lord  Derby:  oh  Dear!  never,  never!  See  No.  9271. 
8fxi2i3in. 

9278  BUONAPARTE,  HEARING  OF  NELSON'S  VICTORY, 
SWEARS  BY  HIS  SWORD,  TO  EXTIRPATE  THE  ENGLISH 
FROM  OFF  THE  EARTH. 

y^  Gillray  inif  &  f 

Pu¥  Dec'  <§'*  1798.  by  H  Humphrey  2y  S^  James  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bonaparte,  burlesqued,  stands,  swagger- 
ing, with  legs  astride,  head  in  profile  to  the  1.  In  his  r.  hand  is  a  sabre, 
dripping  blood,  inscribed  Egalite;  he  holds  out  the  scabbard  (chained  to 
his  waist)  in  his  1.  hand.  Under  his  r.  foot  is  a  torn  paper  headed  Nelsons 
Victory  over  the  Fleet  of  the  Republic.  He  wears  an  enormous  cocked  hat 
decorated  with  feathers,  aigrette,  tricolour  cockade,  and  crescent.  The 
skirts  of  his  double-breasted  military  coat  fly  back,  reaching  to  the  ground 
behind ;  round  his  waist  is  a  voluminous  fringed  sash,  in  which  are  thrust 
a  pistol  and  a  jewelled  dagger.  He  declaims,  the  words  in  a  large  label 
which  floats  up  to  the  upper  margin :  "  What?  our  Fleet  captur'd  &  destroyed 
by  the  Slaves  of  Britain?  \  — "by  my  Sword  &  by  holy  Mahomet  I  swear 
eternal  Vengeance! — yes,  \  — "when  I  have  subjected  Egypt,  subdued  the 
Arabs,  the  Druses  &  the  Maronites;  \  "become  master  of  Syria, — turn'd  the 
great  River  Euphrates,  &  saild  upon  it  through  "the  sandy  Desarts;  compel' d 
to  my  assitance  [sic],  the  Bedouins,  Tuscomans  [sic],  Kurds,  \  "Armenians,  & 
Persians;  form' d  a  Million  of  Cavalry,  &  pass'd  them  upon  Rafts  |  "six  or 
Seven  Hundred  Miles  over  the  Bosphorus,  I  shall  enter  Constantinople — 
— "Now  I  enter  the  Theatre  of  Europe,  I  establish  the  Republic  of  Greece, 
"I  raise  Poland  from  its  ruins,  I  make  Prussia  bendy'  knee  to  France; —  |  "/ 
chain  up  the  Russian  Bear,  I  cut  the  Head  from  y  Imperial  Eagle;  |  "/  drive 
the  ferocious  English  from  the  Archipelago — I  hunt  them  \  "from  the  Mediter- 
ranean,— &  blot  them  out  from  the  catalogue  of  (  "Nations! — Then  shall  the 
conquer' d  Earth  sue  for  Peace,  \"&  an  Obelisk  be  erected  at  Constantinople, 
inscribed  \  "To  Buanoparte  [sic]  Conqueror  of  the  World,  \  &  extirpater 
of  the  I  English  Nation."  A  French  dispatch  rider,  dismounted  from  a 
camel  whose  head  is  on  the  1.,  stands  full-face,  gaping  at  the  general,  hat 
in  hand  and  with  a  bundle,  les  Depeches,  under  his  arm.  Behind  Bonaparte 
(r.)  is  part  of  a  tent,  of  oriental  type  but  decorated  with  tricolour.  Beneath 
the  title:  See,  Buonaparte's  Speech  to  the  French  Army  at  Cairo ; published 
by  authority  of  the  Directory,  in  Volney's  Letters. 

One  of  many  satires  on  the  eff^ects  of  Nelson's  victory,  see  No.  9250,  &c., 
and  on  Bonaparte's  Moslem  pose,  see  No.  9253,  &c.  His  words  are  a 
parody  of  a  flamboyant  article  by  Volney  (cf.  No.  9352)  in  the  form  of  a 
speech  by  his  friend  Bonaparte  on  his  intentions,  which  was  probably 
inspired  by  the  latter  (Gaston-Martin,  introd.  to  Volney's  La  Loi  naturelle, 
1934,  p.  33).   This  was  printed  in  the  Moniteur,  translations  appeared  in 

497  Kk 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

the  English  papers  {Lond.  Chron.,  i  Dec.  1798):  the  inscription  on  the 
obelisk  in  Constantinople  (capital  of  'the  new  empire  of  Bizantium'):  'To 
the  French  Army,  the  Conquerors  of  Italy,  of  Africa  and  of  Asia. — To 
Buonaparte,  Member  of  the  National  Institute,  the  Pacificator  of  Europe!' 
Cf.  A.  Fournier,  Napoleon  I,  191 1,  i.  164,  and  No.  9403. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  249.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  218.  Broadley,  i.  123-4. 
Reprinted,   G.W.G.,   1830.    Reproduced,   Grand-Carteret,  Napoleon  en 
Images,  1895,  p.  56. 
i3|X9f  in. 

9279  SHADES  OF  OPPOSITION;  OR,  MORE  GHOSTS!! 
London  Pu¥  by  TV.  Holland  Oxford  S^  Dec.  10.  lygS 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Members  of  the  Opposition  wearing  long 
white  robes  converse  in  Hades,  a  cave  of  irregular  shape ;  its  mouth  is  the 
Styx  (1.),  on  which  Pitt  as  Charon  ferries  Burdett  towards  his  companions. 
Burdett  is  in  his  ordinary  dress,  Pitt  wears  only  a  bag-wig  and  a  loin-cloth. 
On  the  extreme  1.  Erskine  sits  (egotistically)  apart,  with  folded  hands,  say- 
ing: /  sigh  and  lament  me  in  vain  [cf.  No.  9246].  Norfolk,  a  wine-glass  in 
his  hand,  asks  Tierney  How  the  deuce  came  I  here,  can  you  tell?  Tierney 
answers:  You  may  have  forgot  you  were  drunk  when  you  died!  Behind  him 
little  Lord  Derby  looks  through  his  eye-glass  at  Pitt  and  Burdett.  Fox  and 
Sheridan,  on  the  extreme  r.,  face  each  other  in  profile,  much  disconcerted. 
Sheridan  asks  How  goes  on  affairs  in  the  political  world,  how  did  You  leave 
the  remainder  of  our  friends.  Fox  answers.  All  done  up!  the  whole  of  Opposi- 
tion are  now  dead  and  buried!  (Cf.  No.  9258.)  Bedford,  in  profile  to  the  1., 
behind  Fox,  says,  O  that  I  had  staid  quietly  in  Bedfordshire,  instead  of 
wandering  about  here  a  poor  forlorn  Ghost!  In  front  stand  M.  A.  Taylor, 
a  tiny  creature,  his  handkerchief  to  his  head,  saying :  Now  I  sob  and  I  sigh 
Oh  what  a  lost  chicken  am  I!  (See  No.  6777.)  Behind  is  a  man  resembling 
Nicholls,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  with  a  closed  eye.  In  the  distance  are  two 
lank  figures  wearing  bonnets-rouges,  perhaps  two  United  Irishmen  (see 
No.  9228). 

One  of  many  prints  on  the  eifect  on  the  Opposition  of  Nelson's  victory 
and  Irish  affairs ;  see  No.  9248,  &c. 
Ill-     -  • 


9280  A  VISITOR  TO  JOHN  BULL  FOR  THE  YEAR  1799.  OR. 
THE  ASSESS'D  TAXES  TAKING  THEIR  LEAVE!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N  30  Oxford  St  December  13^^  1798. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  sequel  to  No.  9043.  John  Bull  turns 
in  terror  towards  a  large  demon  (r.)  who  clutches  him  by  the  coat-tail  and 
leans  towards  him  with  an  insinuating  grin.  Four  smaller  demons  of  the 
same  species  (1.)  depart,  their  spokesman,  who  holds  a  book,  bowing  with 
a  sardonic  grin.  All  five  are  nude,  satyr-like  monsters,  with  small  horns, 
webbed  wings,  and  splayed  toes.  The  'Visitor',  who  holds  a  large  book, 
says  Please  your  Honor  I  am  a  Tax  upon  Income!  John  cries :  Mercy  on  us! 
— am  I  never  to  be  at  Peace — this  from  his  size — must  be  the  commanding 
Officier  of  the  Squad!  The  departing  imps  say:  Good  bye — M''  Bull — we 
are  very  much  obliged  to  you  for  the  Services  of  last  year — very  much  obliged 
to  you  indeed!!  John,  a  'cit',  wears  the  ill-fitting  wig  of  the  artisan. 

498 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

On  3  Dec.  Pitt  expounded  his  scheme  for  an  income  tax  (a  tenth  of 
income)  in  place  of  the  tripling  of  the  Assessed  Taxes,  see  No.  9043,  &c., 
which  had  been  shamelessly  evaded.    Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.   i  ff.    For  the 
income  tax  see  No.  9363,  &c. 
9i6Xi3iin. 

9281  JOHN  BULL— SWEARING  TO  HIS  PROPERTY!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W  Holland  N  50  Oxford  St.  December  12^^  lygS 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  and  John  Bull,  a  distracted  yokel, 
face  each  other  in  profile.  Pitt  (1.)  bends  forward  admonishingly,  giving 
The  \Hd\ly  Bible  to  John;  he  says:  Mind,  Sir,  what  you  are  about,  you  are 
on  your  Oath — If  you  swear  falsely  I'll  have  you  indited  for  perjury!  You 
have  more  money  than  you  know  what  to  do  with  and  it  is  my  duty  every  year 
to  put  you  in  the  best  way  of  disposing  of  it.  None  of  your  paltry  tricks  of  the 
last  year  to  evade  this  tax — Don't  I  know  your  affairs  better  than  you  do 
yourself.  John,  his  knees  flexing  in  alarm,  exclaims.  Indeed.  I  tell  you 
the  truth  Measter  Billy,  I  have  only  got  a  few  tiny  Zeven  shilling  spangles, 
and  zome  little  soft  bits  of  One  Pound  peaper ;  I  ha  na  indeed  now. 

The  income  tax,  see  No.  9363,  &c.,  was  much  opposed  as  inquisitorial 
on  account  of  the  (inadequate)  regulations  to  prevent  such  evasions  as  had 
wrecked  the  Assessed  Taxes  (see  No.  9043).  Seven-shilling  pieces  or  third- 
guineas  were  issued  in  1797  to  supply  the  great  lack  of  silver  money. 
Grueber,  Handbook  of  Coins,  1899,  pp.  xlv,  148.  See  Nos.  9287,  9460. 
For  ;^i  notes  see  No.  8990,  &c. 
ii|x8|in. 

9282  MEETING  OF  THE  MONIED  INTEREST;— 

y^  Gillray  ini^  &  fed 

Pu¥  Dec^  jj**  1798  by  H  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Fox  stands,  declaiming  violently  to  his 
supporters,  who  surround  him.  He  holds  out  a  paper:  Ruination — New 
Tax  one  Tenth  of  Income  &  Property,  to  Support  the  accursed  War,  of  the 
Infamous  Minister.  His  clenched  right  fist  is  raised,  and  he  says:  Gentle- 
men;— we  are  all  ruin'd  we  sha'n't  have  Five  Guineas  left  to  make  a  Bett 
with! — one  Tenth  dead,  without  a  single  throw  of  the  Dice! — why  its  worse 
than  the  French  Game  of  Requisition  ; — for  in  that  there  would  be  some  chance 
of  coming  in  for  Snacks!  He  is  dishevelled  and  ragged,  with  a  padlocked 
Begging  Box  slung  round  his  shoulder  (see  No.  8331,  &c.).  Erskine  stands 
beside  him  in  profile  to  the  1.  as  in  No.  9246,  holding  a  brief-bag:  Republican 
Causes.  He  says :  /  wish  it  was  to  come  on  in  the  Kings-Bench  for  I  would 
take  up  a  Brief  against  him  there,  gratis; — but  I  dont  like  to  say  any  thing 
to  him  in  t'other  place  [see  No.  8502].  M.  A.  Taylor,  like  a  small  fat  boy, 
wearing  a  tricolour  suit  and  a  bonnet-rouge  in  the  form  of  a  fool's  cap,  says, 
looking  up  at  Fox:  One  Tenth? — why  he  takes  us  for  Boys  or  Chicks!  [see 
No.  6777]  zounds  what  a  funk  I  am  in.  Tierney,  wearing  a  ragged  coat, 
stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  saying,  10  per  Cent? — why  it  will  make  Bankrupts 
of  all  my  Friends  in  in  [sic]  the  Borough  [see  No.  9045] ;  ah  the  Villainous 
Cutthroat  he  wants  to  bring  us  to  S^  Georges' s  Fields  at  last.  Next  Tierney 
stands  Home  Tooke,  saying.  One  Tenth? — mum! — get  it  of  me  if  you  can 
tell  how  to  get  blood  from  a  Post — or  from  one  of  the  Gibbets  at  Wimbleton! — 
why  its  a  better  Subject  to  Halloo  about  than  the  Brentford  Election.   (He 

499 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

lived  largely  on  the  bounty  of  his  friends.)  On  the  r.,  behind  Erskine,  are 
the  Duke  of  Bedford,  dressed  as  a  jockey  (of.  No.  9380),  saying,  Damn  their 
10  per  Cents,  I'll  warrant  F II  Jockey  'em  as  I  did  with  the  Servants  Tax  [see 
No.  9167],  and  Norfolk,  a  bottle  oi  Port  in  each  waistcoat  pocket,  saying: 
Why  it  will  ruin  us  all! — One  whole  Tenth  taken  away  from  the  Majesty  of 
the  People? — good  heavens! — /  must  give  up  my  Constitutional  Toasts,  &  be 
contented  with  4  Bottles  a  day  [see  No.  9168,  &c.].  Derby,  in  hunting-dress, 
says :  /  must  sell  my  Hounds,  &  hang  up  my  Hunting  Cap,  upon  my  Horns! 
[cf.  No.  6668].  Nicholls  peers  through  a  glass,  saying,  /  see  clearly  he  wants 
to  keep  us  out  of  place,  &  fill  his  own  pockets.   On  the  extreme  r.  stands 

Burdett,  saying,  Dam'me!  if  my  Lady  Ox d  [see  No.  9240]  must  not  leave 

off  wearing  Trousers  &  take  care  of  her  little  10  p'  Cent. 

On  the  1.,  outside  the  Foxite  circle,  stand  four  others:  Sinclair,  bare- 
footed and  wearing  a  kilt  and  plaid,  scratches  his  arm  (cf.  No.  5940),  saying 
De'el  tak  me,  but  it  gees  me  the  Itch  all  o'er,  to  be  prime  Minister  mysell; — 
out  o'  the  10  p^  Cents  I  could  mak  up  for  y^  loss  of  my  place  at  the  Board 
(see  No.  9271).  George  Walpole'  (see  No.  9376),  very  thin,  and  wearing 
his  enormous  cocked  hat,  says  with  clenched  fists:  Pistols! — I  say, — 
Pistols!  for  the  Villain! — zounds,  I  wish  I  had  my  Long- Sword  here,  &  a  few 
Moroons,  I'd  teach  him  how  to  humbug  us  out  of  our  Property.  (He  had  been 
Tierney's  second,  see  No.  9218,  and  had  taken  a  leading  part  in  suppressing 
an  insurrection  of  maroons  in  Jamaica  in  1795.)  Moira  stands  stiffly  erect, 
saying:  An  upright  Man  can  see  things  at  a  distance; — yes!  [See  No.  9184.] 
/  can  plainly  perceive,  he  would  cut  us  down  One  Tenth,  that  he  may  be  above 
us  all.  Pulteney,  on  the  extreme  1.,  peers  through  an  eye-glass,  saying, 
10  per  Cent?  mercy  upon  me!  where  am  I  to  get  10  per  Cent? — ay  I  see 
I  shall  die  a  Beggar  at  last  [see  No.  9212].  Behind  Fox  are  two  silent 
supporters:  (1.)  Stanhope  (or  perhaps  Grafton)  saying  Mum,  and  (r.)  Sir 
George  Shuckburgh,  full-face. 

Fox,  in  secession,  see  No.  9018,  &c.,  took  no  part  in  the  opposition  to 
the  Income  Tax,  which  was  led  by  Tiemey.  Others  in  the  minority  of 
nineteen  on  14  Dec.  were  M.  A.  Taylor,  Burdett,  Grey,  Jekyll,  Nicholls, 
and  Sinclair,  who  actually  brought  forward  his  grievances  over  the  Board 
of  Agriculture  (see  No.  9271)  in  his  speech  against  the  Bill.  Pari.  Hist. 
xxxiv.  79.  Pulteney  spoke  against  it  on  27  Dec.  (pp.  134  ff.).  Sheridan  is 
said  to  have  been  amused  at  his  omission  from  the  print  (to  indicate  his 
insolvency),  but  was  exasperated  that  Tierney  had  led  the  opposition  to 
the  tax.  Lady  Holland' s  Journal,  i.  220.  For  the  debates  see  pp.  i  ff.,  73  ff., 
131  ff.  For  the  tax  see  No.  9363,  &c.  For  Tooke  and  the  Brentford 
Election  see  No.  4225  (1768),  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  252-3.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  216.   Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9fXi4^in. 

9282  A  A  copy  is  pi.  No.  VII  to  London  und  Paris,  iii,  1798.  Explanatory 

text,  pp.  253-67. 

6fe X  8|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9282  B  A  copy:  J  Gillray  Inv^  Dec"  1798,  faces  p.  40  in  The  Caricatures 

of  Gillray. 

7^X  lof  in.  With  border,  7JX  io|  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

'  Identified  by  Wright  and  Evans  as  Tarleton. 
500 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

9283  A  COAT  OF  ARMS  FOR  A  STAMP  ON  INCOME 

[  ?  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  by  S  W  Fores,  Bee.  20.  lygS,  N"  50,  Piccadilly    Folio's  of 
Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  lion  with  the  head  of  Pitt  and  a 
unicorn  with  that  of  Dundas  are  the  supporters  of  an  escutcheon  which 
frames  a  design  of  a  family  seated  at  dinner  but  interrupted  by  a  tax- 
collector  (1.).  He  carries  off  a  large  pudding,  saying,  Tax  on  Income,  a  small 
slice  only  being  left  on  the  dish,  to  the  dismay  of  husband,  wife,  and  three 
children.  Pitt  says :  Give  all  thou  cans' t  \  And  let  me  dream  the  rest ;'  Dundas : 
Man  wants  but  little  here  below,  \  Nor  wants  that  little  long!^  The  crest  is 
Fortunatus's  Purse  (very  lean)  and  Wishing  Cap;  these  rest  on  a  cushion 
inscribed  Value  \  Above  what  you  are  Worth  \  Nothing.  The  supporters 
stand  on  a  scroll :  Blessed  is  he  that  expecteth  nothing.— for  he  shall  not  be 
disappointed.  See  No.  9363,  &c. 
8|xi2|  in. 

9284  HORRORS  OF  THE  IRISH-UNION;— BOTHERATION  OF 
POOR  PAT— OR— A  WHISPER  ACROSS  THE  CHANNEL 

y^  Gillray — inv  &  fee* 

Pu¥  Bec^  24*^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  2y  S^  James  St 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Britannia,  buxom  and  beneficent,  sits 
on  one  side  of  the  Irish  Channel;  on  a  smaller  piece  of  ground  stands  Pat, 
his  hands  deep  in  his  coat  pockets,  looking  sideways  towards  Britannia. 
She  sits  with  her  shield  and  spear  beside  a  pile  of  bales  of  goods  and  a 
cornucopia  from  which  pour  coins  and  jewels;  she  holds  out  a  scroll: 
Union  of  Security  Trade  &  Liberty.  She  looks  appealingly  towards  Pat, 
her  r.  hand  on  her  breast,  one  foot  trampling  on  a  book  inscribed  Discord 
and  a  venomous  snake.  Tierney,  Fox,  and  M.  A.  Taylor  look  out  from 
behind  bushes,  gazing  fixedly  at  Pat:  Fox  says,  his  hand  before  his  mouth: 
Hip!  my  old  Friend  Pat! — hip! — a  word  in  your  Ear!  take  care  of  yourself 
Pat! — or  you'll  be  ruin'd  past  Redemption— dont  you  see  that  this  damn'd 
Union  is  only  meant  to  make  a  Slave  of  you! — do  but  look  how  that  cursed 
Hag  is  forging  Fetters  to  bind  you,  &  preparing  her  knapsack  to  carry  off 
your  Property,  &  to  Ravish  your  whole  Country,  Man,  Woman  &  Child! — 
why  you  are  blind  sure! — rouse  yourself  Man!  raise  all  the  Lawyers  &  spur 
up  the  Corporations,  Fight  to  the  last  drop  of  blood,  &  part  with  the  last 
Potatoe  to  preserve  your  Property  &  Independence —  Tierney  says  beware 
Pat,  Taylor  echoes  beware. 

Pat  is  a  sturdy  fellow  with  bare  legs ;  his  clothes  are  ragged,  his  broken 
spear  lies  beside  him.  Behind  (r.)  is  a  building  in  flames.  He  says :  Plunder 
&  Knapsacks!  &  Ravishments,  &  ruin  of  little  Ireland! — why — by  S^ 
Patrick,  its  very  odd,  now!  for  the  old  Girl  seems  to  me,  to  be  offering  me  her 
Heart  &  her  Hand,  &  her  Trade  &  the  use  of  her  Shelalee  to  defend 
me  into  the  bargain! — byjasus!  if  you  was  not  my  old  friend,  Charley,  I  should 
think  you  meant  to  bother  me  with  your  Whisperings  to  put  the  old  Lady  in 
a  passion,  that  we  may  not  buss  one  another,  or  be  Friends  any  more. 

The  idea  of  a  Union  (long  in  Pitt's  mind)  took  shape  in  June  1798,  during 
the  Rebellion  (see  No.  9228),  as  essential  to  the  preservation  of  the  Empire. 
It  appeared  in  The  Times  of  22  Nov.  The  opposition  to  it  in  Ireland  was 

'  Pope's  Eloisa  to  Abelard,  cf.  No.  8809.  •  Young's  Night  Thoughts. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

at  once  apparent.  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  pp.  389  ff. ;  Lecky,  Hist, 
of  England,  viii.  287  ff.  It  was  not  brought  before  the  English  Parliament 
till  22  Jan. ;  Fox  announced  his  'decided  disapprobation'  in  a  letter  to  Lord 
Holland  on  19  Jan.  Memoriab  and  Corr.  of  C.J.  Fox,  1854,  iii.  150  f.  For 
his  attitude  to  Ireland  cf.  Nos.  6659,  6785,  6795.  His  opposition  to  the 
Union  was  expressed  in  private  and  in  Whig  Club  speeches,  but  not  in 
Parliament  (cf.  No.  9018).  For  'bothered',  an  Irish  term  meaning  talked 
to  at  both  ears  by  different  persons,  cf.  No.  8141.  For  the  Union  see  Nos. 
9344.  9346,  9347.  9348,  9351,  9364,  9365,  9366,  9368,  9372,  9394,  9395, 
9507.  95",  9514, 951S,  9517, 9529,  9531. 9532, 9535, 9543.  Cf.  Nos.  9363, 
9434- 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  244.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  215.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8i|xi3iUn. 

9285  A  DILEMMA  OR  THE  GERMAN-MACHEATH 
[.?Ansell.] 

Pu¥  Dec'  27'*  lygS  by  S  W Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly.  Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Francis  II  sits  full-face  between  a 
French  officer  (1.)  and  Pitt,  who  stand  proffering  bounties.  He  looks  at 
neither,  but  takes  a  pinch  from  the  snuff-box  Presented  by  the  Directory, 
while  his  1.  hand  is  extended  greedily  towards  the  money-bags  which  Pitt 
offers.  The  Frenchman,  a  grotesque  officer  wearing  a  large  cocked  hat, 
enormous  sabre,  jack-boots  with  tattered  breeches,  says:  Listen  to  our 
proposals  Mounseer,  Peace  shall  be  at  your  Command  and  our  Troops  shall 
be  With-drawn.  Pitt  holds  a  bag  (inscribed  100-000)  in  each  hand,  and 
another  (labelled  more  if  required)  under  each  arm.  He  says :  Pray  do  not 
be  blind  to  your  own  Interest — Consider  the  Delivery  of  Europe — let  us  once 
more  rank  you  with  the  number  of  the  Glorious  Allies.  Francis,  who  wears 
military  dress,  repeats  four  lines  of  the  song  from  The  Beggar's  Opera: 
How  Happy  could  I  be  with  either. 

Where  the  other  dear  Charmer  away. 
But  while  you  thus  teaze  me  together 
To  neither  a  word  will  I  say 

But  Tol-lol-lol-lol-loldera  &c. 

The  British  Ministry  were  trying  to  form  a  coalition  with  Russia,  Austria, 
and  (if  possible)  Prussia.  Austria  was  vacillating,  and  was  believed  to  be 
tempted  by  the  Directory's  offer  of  a  joint  partition  of  Turkey  (dispatch 
from  Vienna,  Dec);  England  was  prepared  to  subsidize  Russia  to  co- 
operate with  Austria  (see  No.  9338).  Camb.  Mod.  Hist.  viii.  647-9.  Tierney 
spoke  against  continental  alliances  and  in  favour  of  peace  on  1 1  Dec,  main- 
taining that  no  confidence  could  be  placed  in  Austria  and  Prussia  after  their 
previous  desertion.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  28.  Cf.  Nos.  8821,  9057. 
9fxi3:^in. 

9286  [FRONTISPIECE  FROM  AN  UNIDENTIFIED  PAMPHLET.] 

[?I798] 
Engraving.  A  circle  enclosing  emblems  of  liberty  and  reform  is  surrounded 
by  symbols  of  oppression.    Liberty,  holding  her  cap  on  a  staff,  points  to 

502 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1798 

a  column  inscribed  561  Free  and  unhought  Votes.  She  stands  under  a  tree 
whose  fruits  are :  Religious  Liberty,  Universal  Suffrage,  and  Annual  Parlia- 
mlentsl.  Large  volumes  at  her  feet  are:  Rights  of  Man  (see  No.  7867,  &c.), 
Godwins  Political  Justice  (see  No.  9240),  and  Thelwals  Lectures  (see  No. 
8685,  &c.).  The  sun  is  rising.  Beneath  the  circle  are  four  lines  signed 
P.  Pindar,  beginning: 

Wide  was  the  sphere  of  Ignorance,  alas! 

And  faint,  too  faint,  of  Truth's  young  Sun  the  ray; 

The  King's  head,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  emerges  from  behind  the  upper  rim 
of  the  circle ;  his  crown  covers  his  eyes,  and  chains  are  attached  to  it  which, 
after  encircling  the  neck  of  a  bishop  (1.)  and  Pitt  (r.),  hang  down  on  the 
I.  and  r.  margins  of  the  design.  The  bishop  (1.)  says  From  Plague,  Pestilence 
&  Famine  from  Battle  &  Murder  &  Sudden  Death;  Pitt  (r.)  adds  Good 
Lord  deliver  us.  Documents  are  attached  to  the  chain  (1.  to  r,):  Spies  & 
Informers ;  National  Debt  400  000  000 ;  Trea[son]  &  Sedition  Bills  (see 
No.  8687,  &c.) ;  America  100  000  000  (presumably  losses  due  to  the 
American  war,  see  vol.  vi);  Slave  Trade  (see  No.  7848,  &c.);  Ock[za]kow 
(see  No.  7841,  &c.);  Nootka  Sound  (see  No.  7645,  &c.);  Barracks;  rainian 
[sic]  &  Prussian  Subsidies  (see  No.  8821,  &c.);  Just  &  Necessary  War 
100  000  000  (see  No.  8599);  Secret  6'e[mce].  Two  piles  of  books  form, 
with  the  chains,  a  border  to  the  design  and  a  support  for  the  Bishop  and 
Pitt.  The  former  pile  is  headed  by  the  \H'\oly  Bible,  below  which  are : 
Book  of  Martlyrs],  Fast  Sermon,  France  A  Warning,  Breslaw  Deception, 
Divin[e]  Rig[ht  of  Kings].  Pitt  supports  his  elbows  on  Burkes  Refl[ections] 
(see  No.  7675,  &c.),  beneath  which  are  Sublime  &  Beau[tiful],  Reaves  &  C°, 
(see  No.  8699),  Works,  A''  Youngs  Works,  Fast  Service,  Divine  Right  of 
Kings,  On  Just  &  Nec[essary]  War.  Two  youths  (H.L.)  gaze  upwards; 
one  (1.)  says :  Ah!  Billy  when  thou  hast  famish' d  us  thou  dost  right  to  lock 
up  our  mouths  (see  No.  8693,  &c.);  the  other  (r.):  Poor  George  thoiCrt  as 
much  enslaved  as  thy  People. 

Beneath  is  an  oval  design  of  a  mob  standing  on  the  edge  of  water  in 
which  two  men  are  being  ducked.  One  asks  What's  amiss;  two  men  who 
mishandle  their  victim  answer:  [i]  Amiss  why  the  Rascal  presumes  to  think 
for  himself;  [2]  Killing  not  Murder.  One  of  the  crowd  shouts :  Church  & 
King  for  ever;  another:  More  good  news.  In  the  background  are  (1.)  a  large 
church  flying  a  flag,  and  burning  buildings.   Beneath: 

And  they  offered  burnt  Offerings  &  heave  Offerings  to  their  Gods,  the  Gods 
of  Slavery,  &  many  fell  a  Sacrifice. 

And  the  Burden  was  heavy  on  the  People. 

The  views  expressed  are  those  of  the  Corresponding  Society  (see  No. 
9189,  &c.)  and  similar  bodies.  The  position  of  the  Bible  suggests  an 
irreligious  attitude  which  is  exceptional  (though  widespread  according 
to  W.  H.  Reid,  Rise  and  Dissolution  of  the  Infidel  Societies  .  .  .,  1800;  cf. 
No.  8697),  and  whose  expression  was  vetoed  by  Place  and  the  leaders  of 
the  movement.  For  Reeves's  activities  see  No.  8699,  &c.  Breslaw  was  a 
conjuror  who  published  books  on  'deceptions' ;  his  Last  Legacy  .  .  .  was 
1784.  Arthur  Young  wrote  Example  of  France  a  Warning  to  Britain,  1793, 
and  similar  but  less  important  works  in  1795  and  1797.  For  Fasts  ordered 
by  Proclamation  see  No.  8428,  &c.  Pitt  is  (ignorantly  or  factiously)  pil- 
loried for  the  Nootka  Sound  Convention,  see  No.  7687.  For  'Barracks' 
see  No.  8805. 
six 3 1  in. 

503 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9287  DAYS  OF  PROSPERITY;  OR,  CONGRATULATIONS.  FOR 
JOHON  BULL!!!  [1798]' 

Engraving.  Copy  of  an  English  print,  PI.  A^"  ///  to  London  und  Paris,  iii, 
1799.  Pitt  (r.),  debonair  and  chapeau-bras,  meets  John  Bull  face  to  face.  John 
is  very  corpulent,  his  waistcoat  is  made  of  diagonal  strips  each  inscribed 
Voluntary  Contributions ;  his  cravat  and  ruffles  are  composed  of  bank-notes, 
inscribed  alternately  Two  and  one;  the  cockade  in  his  cocked  hat  is  made 
of  one  pound  notes.  On  his  old-fashioned  coat  are  enormous  buttons 
inscribed  Tzoo  Pence.  Pitt,  with  extended  arms,  bends  insinuatingly,  say- 
ing: Bless  me.  Master  Bull,  why  I  scarcely  know  you,  you  look  so  well  and 
so  prosperous!  I  told  you  times  would  mend — What  a  fine  new  Coat!  smart 
Cockade!  light  Ruffles!  beautiful  Buttons!  and  such  a  rotundity!  positively 
you  must  be  bled  a  little,  oryoullget  too  corpulent!  Bull,  gaping  in  bewildered 
alarm,  answers :  Why  look  ie,  Measter  Billy,  I  some  how  conceit  it  beant  real 
whoalsome  fat — /  feel  as  if  it  were  puff'd  up  with  Copper,  little  Spangles 
[seven-shilling  pieces,  see  No.  9281],  Peaper  and  Promises! 

For  paper  money  see  No.  8990,  &c. ;  for  the  Voluntary  Contribution, 
No.  9157,  &c.  The  text  (p.  93)  explains  the  large  copper  buttons  as  two- 
penny pieces  struck  by  Bolton  in  Birmingham;  their  weight  was  the 
subject  of  many  complaints.  In  1798  trade  recovered  from  the  severe 
depression  of  1797,  imports  and  exports  soared,  and  there  was  a  bountiful 
harvest.  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  191 1,  p.  330. 
8x6Jin.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

'  Placed  with  Nos.  9263,  9271. 


504 


1798 

PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES 

9288  " GENTLE  MANNERS,  WITH  AFFECTIONS  MILD, 

"IN  WIT  A  MAN,  SIMPLICITY  A  CHILD  

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Nov.  4^^  1798.  by  H.  Humphrey  S^  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  General  Manners  walks  in  profile  to  the 
1,,  with  knees  flexed,  bending  forward,  his  hands  clasped  behind  his  back, 
a  cane  under  his  arm.  He  wears  a  round  hat,  small  pigtail,  and  plain,  old- 
fashioned  dress. 

Probably  Robert  Manners  (1758-1832),  grandson  of  the  2nd  Duke  of 
Rutland,  gazetted  Major-General  3  May  1796,  in  the  30th  (Cambridge- 
shire) P'oot,'  of  Bloxham,  Lincolnshire,  M.P.  for  Cambridge,  equerry  to 
the  King.  There  was  also  Russell  Manners,  of  the  26th  Dragoon  Guards, 
gazetted  General  3  May  1799.   Title  from  Pope's  Epitaph  on  John  Gay. 

The  original  water-colour,  by  an  amateur  (closely  followed  by  Gillray), 
is  in  the  Print  Room.  Traces  only  of  a  pencil  inscription  remain.  (201. 
c.  6/30.) 

Wright  and  Evans,  No.  465.   Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
8|X5j®g  in.  With  border,  9ix6f  in. 

9289  THE  CASTLE  SPECTRE  AND  HER  ERNEST  ADMIRER! 

London,  Pub.  by  Wilh  Holland,  N°  50,  Oxford  Street,  March  14. 
1798. 

Aquatint.  A  woman  in  white  draperies  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  her  r. 
arm  raised  in  a  commanding  gesture  above  a  young  man  in  regimentals 
who  kneels  opposite  her,  looking  at  her  through  an  eye-glass  in  a  manner 
both  appraising  and  deferential. 

Mrs.  Powell  took  the  name-part  in  M.  G.  Lewis's  popular  Castle  Spectre, 
first  played  at  Drury  Lane  on  14  Dec.  1797.  Genest,  vii.  332.  Her 
admirer  is  evidently  Prince  Ernest.   See  No.  9439. 

Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  Ixxvii. 
I3ixi5|in. 

9290  NIBBLING  AT  A  THIN  SLICE  OF  SINGLE  GLOUCESTER!! 

Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N  50  Oxford  St  March  the  6'*  1798 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Prince  William  of  Gloucester  (1.), 
grotesquely  thin,  flinches  in  dismay  from  a  very  fat  and  ugly  woman  who 
puts  her  arms  round  his  neck  and  kisses  him  on  the  mouth.  He  wears 
regimentals  with  a  sword  and  top-boots.  Both  are  much  caricatured.  See 
No.  8716. 
8j^8X8-8-  in.  (cropped). 

'  Army  List.  According  to  the  Royal  Kalendar  in  the  3rd  Foot  Guards. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9291  HELIOGABALUS.  [?  1798] 
[Gillray.] 

Engraving.  Louis  Weltje  walks  in  profile  to  the  1.,  smoking  an  enormously 
long  pipe.  He  is  tall,  with  a  large  paunch,  and  is  fashionably  dressed,  wear- 
ing half-boots  and  a  hat.   Beneath  the  title: 

"Talk  not  to  me  'bout  Nelson  'pon  de  Nile 
Vat!!!  can  he  Roast,  Fry,  or  Boil? 
And  tho'  all  de  French  he  put  in  von  Stew 
Vat  is  dat,  to  vat  mid  my  Calves-head  I  do? 
Weltje,  formerly  Comptroller  and  Clerk  of  the  Kitchen  and  Cellars  to 
the  Prince  of  Wales,'  had  been  much  ridiculed  as  a  factotum  of  the  Prince 
and  his  friends.   See  vol.  vi,  p.  xii  and  index. 
"leX^i  in. 

9292  THE  CELEBRATED  MR  JNO  CUSSANS,  [?  1798] 

Drazvn  from  Life  By  R,  Newton 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  waiter  stands  directed  to  the  r.,  head 
in  profile,  holding  out  a  full  punch-bowl  in  his  1.  hand.  In  his  r.  hand 
is  an  empty  tankard,  and  under  his  arm  a  napkin.  He  wears  a  fashionable 
wig  of  short  hair  with  a  small  whisker,  and  a  gold-laced  coat,  striped  waist- 
coat, and  high  stock. 

Perhaps  William  Cussans,  an  eccentric,  well  known  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Covent  Garden,  who  won  a  wager  that  he  'would  serve  as  waiter 
for  three  months  without  being  at  any  time  out  of  humour'.  Nollekens  and 
his  Times,  1920,  ii.  215  n. 
13x71  in. 

9293  SAECULL  LUMEN 

d'apres  la  decoupure  de  M'^  Hubert  [Ruber]. 

Pu¥  June  10^^  1798.  by  A.  Arrowsmith,  N°  5,  Charles- Street,  Soho 
Square. 

Engraving.  A  silhouette  of  Voltaire,  old  and  stooping,  in  profile  to  the  1. 
He  holds  a  lantern  ( ?  dark-lantern)  which  emits  a  powerful  horizontal 
beam.  Above  his  head:  J'eclaire. 

Huber  of  Geneva,  called  Huber- Voltaire  (d.  1786),  the  friend  and 
'caricaturiste  attitre'  of  Voltaire,  cut  many  silhouettes  of  him  which  were 
competed  for  in  Paris,  London,  and  St.  Petersburg.  Brun,  Schweizerisches 
Kiinstler-Lexikon.  See  Desnoiresterres,  Iconographie  Voltairienne,  1879, 
pp.  22  ff. 
3ifX2fin. 

9294  A  SOLDIER  AT  DRILL  [?c.  1798] 

London  Pu¥  by  W  Holland  N°  50  Oxford  St 

Engraving.  A  foppish  military  officer  [?  a  volunteer],  very  thin,  stands  in 
profile  to  the  r,,  saying  No  Jemmy  the  acre  for  me.  He  wears  a  sword  and 
spurred  top-boots.  In  the  background  (1.)  are  cathedral  buildings  inscribed 
Chichester,  and  (r.)  two  tiny  figures,  riding  in  hilly  country,  inscribed  Light 
Troops.  Probably  etched  by  an  amateur.  Cf.  No.  9295. 
9 J  X  6|  in, 

'  He  has  the  post  in  the  Royal  Kalendar  for  1791.    In  1793  the  post  is  vacant, 
but  C.  Beckt  is  Comptroller  of  the  Kitchen. 

506 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL   SATIRES  1798 

9295  JEMMY  GRIPE  [  DISTRICT  DUTY,  OR  CHEAP  HAYMAK- 
ING. [?  c.  1798] 

Engraving.  A  tall,  foppishly  dressed  officer  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.  on 
a  large  book.  Articles  of  War,  which  covers  many  lines  of  mown  hay.  He 
holds  a  tall  pitchfork  and  points  with  the  r.  forefinger.  In  the  hay-field 
tiny  figures,  all  soldiers  in  uniform,  are  working — turning,  raking,  and  cart- 
ing. One,  who  is  directing,  is  Moses.  In  the  background  (1.)  is  a  small 
town  with  a  church  or  cathedral. 

Prince  William  of  Gloucester,  writing  on  military  affairs  to  Windham, 
31  Oct.  1798,  said:  'Many  Farmers  did  not  make  use  of  the  permission 
given  to  have  Soldiers  to  gather  in  the  Harvest.'    Windham  Papers,  1913, 
ii.  83.   Cf.  No.  9294. 
8x7  in. 

9296  ANTIQUEERONES  PEEPING   INTO  THE  P**S   POT   OF 
HELIOGABLUS 

Invented  &  Eched  [sic]  by  J  Cazvse 
Publish' d  by  J  Cazvse  July  ii-iy  [  ?  98] 

Engraving.  Three  elderly  men  in  old-fashioned  dress,  all  wearing  spec- 
tacles, stand  close  together,  inspecting  a  cracked  chamber-pot.  They  are 
Three  Well  Known  Caracters,  inscribed  respectively  (1.  to  r.)  STL,  MW, 
MW. 

An  old  theme,  see  No.  4772  (1773).    Probably  one  of  Cawse's  early 
sketches. 
4fX4iin. 

9297  A  M(eyeONUTE  REGULATION  OF  THE  OPERA  STEP— OR 
AN  EPISCOPAL  EXAMINATION. 

Woodward  del^ 

Pub'^  March  9  lygS  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly — Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  opera  dancer  (1.)  ( ?  Mme  Hilligs- 
burg,  though  resembling  Parisot,  see  No.  8893)  dances  with  the  1.  leg  raised 
high,  displaying  herself  to  the  inspection  of  Salisbury,  the  Lord  Chamber- 
lain, and  Barrington,  Bishop  of  Durham,  who  stand  together  (r.),  stooping 
to  peer  under  her  petticoats.  The  stiff  and  awkward  Salisbury  (cf.  No. 
8649)  supports  himself  by  his  staff,  his  gold  key  dangles  from  his  coat; 
he  says:  My  Dear  Madam  if  you  raise  your  foot  one  quarter  of  an  Inch  higher 
it  will  he  impossible  for  me  to  grant  you  a  Licence.  The  bishop,  who  wears 
a  mitre  and  looks  through  a  glass,  exclaims:  No!  No!  No!  Not  a  hair's 
breadth  higher  for  the  World;  such  sights  as  these  is  the  cause  of  so  many 
Divorces.  The  danseuse,  who  holds  a  garland  of  roses,  says :  Vat!  you  see 
enof.  On  the  wall  are  three  pictures:  Thais,  flourishing  two  fire-brands; 
Temptation  of  S*  Anthony,  by  a  courtesan,  to  whom  he  says  go  along  do, 
and  Durham  Cathedral. 

On  2  Mar.  a  divorce  bilF  was  rejected  by  the  Lords  after  a  debate  in 
which  Auckland  said  the  case  was  better  suited  to  Paris.  Bishop  Barrington 
then  made  a  violent  protest  against  French  opera  dancers,  as  emissaries 
from  France  to  undermine  morality,  'who  by  the  allurement  of  the  most 

'  Depicted. 

^  On  behalf  of  the  husband  of  Harriet  Esten,  the  actress,  who  as  a  widow  became 
the  third  wife  of  John  Scott- Waring  (see  vol.  vi,  s.v.  Major  John  Scott). 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

indecent  attitudes,  and  most  wanton  theatrical  exhibitions,  corrupted  the 
people'.  He  attributed  the  increase  of  divorce  (cf.  No.  9305,  &c.)  to  such 
displays,  and  appealed  for  an  address  to  the  King  for  a  prohibition  of  'these 
indecent  spectacles',  the  performers  to  be  sent  out  of  the  country.  Pari. 
Hist,  xxxiii.  1306-8.  See  Nos.  9298,  9299,  9300,  9301,  9302,  9303,  and 
cf.  Nos.  8893,  9528. 
9|Xi4iin. 

9298  OPERATICAL  REFORM ;— OR— LA  DANCE  A  L'EVEQUE. 
[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  March  14*''  ijgS.  by  H.  Humphrey  S^  James  s  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).    Three  opera  dancers, 
holding  a  garland  of  roses,  are  dressed  alike  in  short  transparent  petti- 
coats partly  covered  by  a  shorter  apron.   The  centre  dancer  holds  out  her 
1.  leg  horizontally  (cf.  No.  8894).    Mme  Rose  is  in  back  view,  her  sharp 
features  in  profile  to  the  r.   On  each  side  of  the  stage  is  a  column  on  the 
plinth  of  which  stands  a  figure:  (1.)  a  satyr  holding  a  mask;  (r.)  a  woman 
wearing  a  clumsy  undergarment,  in  the  attitude  of  the  Venus  dei  Medici. 
In  front  of  the  stage  are  the  musical  instruments  of  the  orchestra,  including 
a  violin  on  which  is  a  cap  perhaps  intended  for  a  bonnet-rouge.   Beneath: 
'Tis  hard  for  such  new  f angled  orthodox  rules, 
That  our  Opera-Troop,  should  he  blamed, 
"Since  like  our  first  parents,  they  only,  poor  fools, 
"Danc'd  Naked,  &  were  not  asham'd! — Morning  Herald. 
See  No.  9297,  &c.  Probably  from  the  design  of  an  amateur,  cf.  No.  8892. 
Grego,  Gillray,  p.  254  (small  copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  448. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
9|Xi3|in. 

9299  ECCLESIASTICAL  SCRUTINY— OR  THE  DURHAM   IN- 
QUEST ON  DUTY. 

[PAnsell.] 

Pu¥  March  ig^^  lygS  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Carica- 
tures lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Barrington  of  Durham 
and  two  other  bishops  superintend  the  dress  of  four  young  women. 
Barrington,  seated  (1.)  in  profile  to  the  r.,  stares  through  a  glass  at  a 
danseuse  who  wears  long  rigid  stays  and  on  one  leg  a  clumsy  buckled  shoe 
and  striped  stocking;  her  other  foot,  in  tiny  shoe  and  trim  stocking,  she 
displays  on  a  stool,  beside  which  lies  the  other  clumsy  shoe  and  stocking 
labelled  for  Bacchus  and  Ariadne.  She  says :  /  really  now  think  it  a  shame 
to  disguise  such  a  leg  as  this  why  my  fortune  will  be  ruin'd.  He  says:  Aye  the 
upper  part  will  do  very  well,  ?nany  a  husband  will  bless  me  for  introducing 

these  Stays.  He  holds  a  paper :  Petticoat  Reform  to  be  observed  by  all  good 

A  document  hangs  from  his  chair:  The  Lords  will  take  away  thier  tinkling 
Ornaments  from  about  thier  feet.  The  bonnet  and  the  ornaments  of  the  legs 
The  changeable  suits  of  Apparel  and  the  flesh  colour  pantaloons  the  Mantles 
and  the  Wimples  and  the  Crispin  Pins.  Behind  Barrington,  a  bishop  pulls 
up  the  short-waisted  bodice  of  a  pretty  young  girl  to  cover  her  breast; 
she  says  Pa  Pa  dont  tell  me  these  things  must  not  be  shewn  but  to  private 
parties.   (Perhaps  Manners-Sutton  of  Norwich,  who  had  several  young 

508 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES   1798 

daughters.)  Porteus  of  London  holds  a  yard-stick  to  measure  the  petticoat 
which  a  woman,  clad  in  shift  and  stockings,  holds  up.  Beside  her  lie  long, 
rigid  stays.  She  says :  come  come  thats  long  enough  for  an  under  one  Fm  sure. 
He  answers,  staring  pruriently.  What!  I  suppose  you'd  like  to  have  nothing 
but  a  fig  leaf  on.  On  the  extreme  r.  a  danseuse,  holding  a  garland  of  roses, 
one  leg  slightly  raised  as  if  dancing,  looks  with  disgust  in  a  pier-glass.  She 
wears  high  rigid  bodice  with  long  sleeves,  long,  full  skirts,  clumsy  shoes 
and  stockings.  She  says :  Oh  Vat  fright!  I  vonder  vat  figure  dey  vill  make 
of  Bacchus,  dis  is  vat  dey  Call  a  Divine  dress,  eh? 

See  No.  9297,  &c.  Porteus  began  in  Feb.  1798  to  lecture  in  London 
on  'the  growing  relaxation  of  public  manners'.  See  R.  Hodgson,  Life  of 
Bishop  Porteus,  1811,  pp.  130  f.  Bacchus  and  Ariadne  was  a  new  ballet, 
composed  by  the  Ballet  Master  Gallet,  with  which  the  season  1797-8 
opened  (on  25  Nov.).  Ariadne  was  Mme  Laboire.  Principal  danseuses: 
Mme  Rose,  Mme  Hilligsburg,  and  Mile  J.  Hilligsburg.  Morning  Chronicle, 
15  and  27  Nov.  1797. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Frau  in  der  Karikatur,  1906,  after  p.  432. 
9X17  in. 

9300  DURHAM  MUSTARD  TOO  POWERFULL  FOR  ITALIAN 
CAPERS,  OR  THE  OPERA  IN  AN  UPROAR 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

London  by  J.  M'^  Quire  Burr  St  Leicester  Square   [?  March  1798] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Bishop  of  Durham  strides  across 
the  footlights  on  to  the  stage,  his  1.  foot  on  the  shoulder  of  one  of  the 
orchestra  below.  He  wears  a  mitre  and  holds  his  crosier  in  both  hands, 
as  if  to  attack  four  danseuses  holding  garlands  of  roses  who  pirouette 
derisively.  He  says :  Avaunt  the  Satan,  I  fear  the  not  assume  whatever  shape 
or  form  thou  wilt  I  am  determined  to  lay  the  thou  black  Fiend.  The  heads  of 
some  of  the  orchestra  appear  behind  his  1.  leg.  A  profile  head  on  the 
extreme  1.  says  Thats  right  down  with  them.  Against  the  wall  (1.)  are  a 
carved  satyr  and  a  play-bill:  The  Divil  of  a  Lover — Hes  much  tlame  [to 
blame]  and  Peeping  Tom  (by  O'Keefe,  1784).  The  first  was  a  musical  farce 
played  once  only  on  17  Mar.  1798,  the  second  was  first  played  on  13  Feb. 
1798.   Genest,  vii.  360,  361. 

For  Barrington  and  opera  dancers  see  No.  9297,  &c.  Reissued  by  Tegg 
in  1807. 
8|xi3iin. 

9301  MODERN  MODESTY  CLERICAL  IMPROVEMENTS  RO  [sic] 
WIGS  A  L'EVEQUE. 

[?  I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  April  2.  lygS.  by  I  Dow  Durham-Yard    [Fores'  imprint  has 
been  erased.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  danseuse  leaps  in  a  pirouette;  she 
holds  (to  screen  her  person)  the  wig  of  Bishop  Barrington,  who  strides  off 
the  stage  (1.)  with  upturned  eyes,  saying,  There  now  you  may  go  on.  I  would 
not  have  had  my  Wife  seen  you  so,  for  the  World,  why  you  should  be  as  choice 
of  your  charms  as  I  am  of  my  Claret.  She  wears  a  flesh-coloured  garment 
which  moulds  her  figure,  giving  the  effect  of  nudity,  with  a  short  kilt  round 
the  hips,  and  roses  in  her  hair,  which  swirls  behind  her.  One  arm  is  held 
out  towards  the  bishop,  her  rose  garland  is  on  the  ground.  She  says  with 

509 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

a  mocking  smile,  Oh,  this  was  transplanting  of  de  wig  indeed,  I  suppose  I  shall 
not  he  allowed  to  shew  my  face  next.  Landscape  scenery  forms  a  background. 
See  No.  9297,  &c. 
8|xi3j^gin. 

9302  MORE  SHORT  PETTICOATS  OR  HIGHLAND  ASSOCIA- 
TION UNDER  EPISCOPAL  EXAMINATION 

[?  Sansom,] 

pu¥yuly  10^^  1 7 98  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  Highlanders  in  uniform  stand 
together  (1.) ;  Barrington  of  Durham,  kneeling  on  one  knee,  measures  with 
a  foot-rule  the  length  of  the  kilt  of  the  most  prominent.  The  soldier  says, 
You'll  find  them  exactly  according  to  the  rides  of  the  Highland  Association. 
The  bishop  answers,  Dont  tell  me  of  rules,  I  say  it  is  abominable  it  is  worse 
than  Figure  Dancers,  it  is  above  half  a  yard  too  short  according  to  the  Opera 
Standard  bring  the  large  breeches  directly,  why  the  Figurantes  would  be 
ashamed  of  it.  Salisbury  stands  stiffly  (r.)  in  court  dress,  his  staff  of  office 
in  his  1.  hand,  holding  out  a  large  pair  of  clumsy  breeches.  The  High- 
landers wear  feathered  bonnets,  with  tartan  plaids,  kilts,  socks,  and  dirks, 
swords,  and  sporrans.  See  No.  9297,  &c. 
9-^X14^  in. 

9303  SPY'S  TAKEN  AT  GREENWICH  ON  EASTER-MONDAY. 
Woodward  del^  T.S  Scuh   [Sansom.] 
Pu¥  April  ig  lygS  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly — Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Mother  Windsor,  with  four  of  her 
courtesans,  orders  her  girls  to  arrest  the  Bishop  of  Durham  and  the  Duke 
of  Queensberry,  who  have  been  spying  at  the  young  women  rolling  down 
Greenwich  Hill,  a  holiday  custom.  She  stands  (r.)  in  profile  to  the  1.,  hold- 
ing a  staff  surmounted  by  a  cock,  saying,  /  dont  say  their  crime  is  Treason- 
able— but  it  is  sinning  against  the  Virtue  of  the  Times  and  I  command  you 
girls  under  sanction  of  my  Staff  of  Office — to  take  them  both  into  close  custody 
Immediately.  Old  Q  faces  her  with  clasped  hands,  saying,  Indeed  M^^ 
Win — r  /  am  a  very  harmless  Young  Man — /  would  not  do  such  a  thing  for 
the  World — I  live  in  Piccadilly — and  lead  a  very  steady  regular  life! — eveiy 
body  knows  me.  His  spy-glass  lies  at  his  feet.  Two  young  women,  holding 
him  by  the  shoulders,  say:  /  move  for  haveing  him  put  into  the  Black  Hole 
and  Why  I've  seen  him  a  thousand  times  at  Richmond.  Two  women  are 
seated  on  the  hill  above  him. 

Barrington  stands  in  back  view,  holding  his  glass  and  turning  his  head 
to  say  Indeed  Good  Woman  You  are  Mistaken — /  was  only  looking  for  the 
Durham  stage.  The  girl  (1.)  points  up  the  hill  towards  a  romping  couple, 
saying:  Its  in  vain  to  deny  the  fact,  I  have  watch' d  you  spying  throug  your 
glass  at  the  bottom  of  the  hill  this  half  hour — besides  I've  seen  you  before  at 
the  Opera. 

An  attack  on  Barrington  for  his  protest  against  opera  dancers,  see  No. 
9297,  &c.    It  was  the  custom  for  young  men  and  women  to  run  or  roll 
down  Greenwich  Hill  on  Easter  Monday  and  Whit  Monday,  cf .  Nos.  3 1 1 1 , 
9329.  Cf.  No.  9304. 
iifxi3|in. 

510 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1798 

9304  THE  OLD  GOAT  AND  YOUNG  KID— OR  THE  QUEEN- 
BOROUGH-NOVELIST 

TBLdel'  TS  Scul'   [?  Sansom.] 

Pu¥  March  J*'  179S  by  S  W  Fores  $0  Piccadilly — Folios  of  Caraca- 

tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving.  Queensberry  (1.)  leans  from  the  steps  of  his  Piccadilly  house, 
to  leer  through  a  double  spy-glass  (as  in  No.  9082)  at  a  buxom  young 
woman  who  has  jUst  descended  from  a  country  wagon  (r.).  She  stands  on 
the  pavement  next  her  father,  a  yokel  in  a  smock-frock  who  is  addressed 
by  a  fat  bawd.  The  woman  puts  her  hand  on  his  shoulder,  saying.  Its  very 
lucky  I  met  with  you  my  honest  Man  if  she  behaves  well  she  shall  be  promoted 
to  the  service  of  a  Duke.  He  answers,  Very  lucky  indeed  Fse  Woundily 
Obliged  to  your  Ladyship.  My  Dame  akvays  said  as  how  Bet  was  cut  out 
for  Zarvice  of  your  great  Volkes.  The  wagoner  is  depositing  in  the  road 
the  corded  box  of  Elizabeth  Maybush;  he  looks  up  at  Old  Q,  saying, 
ah!  I  knew  he'd  dart  out  like  an  Old  Spider  at  a  Fly.  A  fashionably  dressed 
young  woman  walks  past  the  railings  of  15  Piccadilly,  the  lower  part  of 
the  house  forming  a  background. 

The  country  girl  coming  to  London  to  find  a  place  was  the  traditional 
prey  of  the  bawd,  as  in  Hogarth's  Harlot's  Progress,  No.  203 1 ;  cf.  No.  5808. 
9^6X10^  in. 

9305  A  NEW  PROP  FOR  A  RICKETY  STOOL 
IC   [Cruikshank.] 

Lond"*  Pub  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Feb:  28,  lygS 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Two  lovers  embrace 
within  a  small  shed  inscribed  Strong  Box  supported  on  a  pole;  a  tailor 
with  huge  shears  is  about  to  cut  the  pole,  saying,  Vll  upset  the  basket.  The 
open  doors  of  the  shed  are  Modesty  and  Chastity.  Behind  is  sketched  an 
equestrian  statue  with  a  railing,  indicating  a  London  square. 

On  the  r.  is  a  room,  flanked  on  the  1.  by  a  high  folding  screen  on  which 
are  bills  with  the  titles  of  chap-books  or  songs  relating  to  tailors,  the  upper- 
most being  The  Brighton  Taylor  (see  No.  6942,  &c.).  In  the  room  five 
men  with  horns  sprouting  from  their  heads  approach  a  ( ?)  lawyer  sitting 
at  a  writing-table,  who  says.  Say  &  seal,  I  say  said  &  sealed.  One  stands 
on  a  three-legged  stool,  two  legs  of  which  have  been  replaced  by  money- 
bags, each  inscribed  £2,500.  He  says:  Joys  that  none  but  a  married  man 
can  know — would  that  there  was  a  Taylor  here  to  measure  them,  but  it  would 
cost  five  thousand — '  An  old  man  with  a  crutch  looks  round  the  screen  at 
the  lovers,  saying,  D d  good  Trade  III  go  &  get  married  too. 

A  satire  on  the  frequency  of  divorce  and  the  heavy  damages  given  in 
suits  of  crim.  con.   Cf.  Nos.  8925,  8928,  9297. 
8^X13  in. 

9306  A  COUNTRY  CONCERT;— OR— AN  EVENINGS  ENTER- 
TAINMENT IN  SUSSEX. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Sef  I'*  lygS.  by  H.  Humphrey.  27  S*  James's  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).    A  lady  (1.)  sits  at  a 
piano,  in  back  view,  playing  and  singing.   Beside  her  is  a  man  playing  the 
'cello.    Both  sing:  Beviamo  tutti  tie  [sic].    Two  men  sit  side  by  side,  in 
'  Other  inscriptions  have  not  been  transcribed. 

5" 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

profile  to  the  1.,  one  playing  the  violin,  the  other  the  flute.  A  little  girl 
lying  on  the  floor  tilts  dangerously  the  chair  of  the  violinist,  v^^ho  watches 
intently  the  couple  at  the  piano.  A  loutish  youth  in  top-boots  (r.)  plays 
with  a  dog  whose  collar  is  inscribed  Antie  Jon. 

The  lady  is  identified  by  Wright  and  Evans  as  Mrs.  Billington,  who 
lived  with  the  Duke  of  Sussex  during  her  (second)  husband's  absence:  the 
husband,  on  surprising  her  with  Sussex  and  others,  took  her  to  Italy.  This 
incident,  if  authentic,  must  belong  to  1817  or  1818.  In  1798  Mrs.  Billing- 
ton was  in  Italy,  a  widow,  not  yet  remarried.  She  left  England  in  1794, 
returning  in  1801.  Nor  can  'Sussex'  refer  to  the  Duke:  Prince  Augustus 
Frederick  was  not  given  a  peerage  till  27  Nov.  1801. 

Grego,  Gtllray,  p.  254..  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  449.  Reprinted,  G.PF.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Angelo,  Reminiscences,  1904,  ii.  9. 
9iXi4iin. 

9307  LULLABY!— SOOTH  HIM  WITH  A  lAJLhABY I— Scene  Keg- 
worth. 

E  Blunt  del.   [Gillray  f.] 

Pu¥yuly  I2t^  1798,  by  H  Humphrey  2y  S^  James  s'  St 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  lady,  ugly  and 
elderly,  sits  at  a  piano  in  profile  to  the  1.,  playing  and  singing.  Her  open 
music-book  shows  her  Song:  would  you  hurt  a  harm  less  maid  maid  I  am 
young  and  sore  afraid  afraid.  Beside  her  in  an  arm-chair  a  fat  man  with 
short  clumsy  legs  sits  impassively.  A  patterned  carpet  completes  the 
design.  Kegworth  is  a  Leicestershire  village  near  Loughborough.  Similar 
in  manner  to  No.  8381. 
7-|-X7fin. 

9308  HIGHLAND  REEL. 
(North)  Fecit 

Pub^  Nov''  20.  lygS  by  J.  Baldry  Cambridge. 

Engraving.  Two  elderly  couples  dance  with  agility ;  one  man  (1.),  probably 
a  volunteer  officer,  dressed  in  regimentals.  A  dog,  erect  on  its  fore-legs, 
joins  the  dance.  A  candle  chandelier  lights  the  bare  room,  a  broken  candle 
sheds  grease  on  the  head  of  one  of  the  men  (r.).  The  window  is  draped 
with  curtains,  which  are  not  drawn. 

The  signature  of  Brownlow  North  is  indicated  by  the  points  of  the 
compass,  fleur-de-lis  marking  the  north. 
5|x8iin. 

9309  A  ROW  AT  A  COCK  AND  HEN  CLUB 

Drawn  &  etch'd  by  R^  Newton  1798 

London  Pub.  March,  i.  1798  by  R.  Newton  N°  13  Brydges  Street 
Covent  Garden. 

Photograph  of  an  aquatint.  Figures  in  violent  action  are  grouped  round 
an  oval  table  which  forms  the  centre  of  the  design.  Thieves  and  young 
prostitutes  are  raided  by  a  body  of  aged  watchmen  who  advance  from  the 
1.  with  staves  and  lanterns.  On  the  extreme  1.  are  the  arms  of  a  constable 
with  a  crowned  staff,  who  seizes  the  neck-cloth  of  a  ruffian  with  a  bludgeon. 
The  table  is  dominated  by  the  chairwoman,  a  comely  girl,  who  sits  with 
glass  held  high,  one  arm  across  the  shoulder  of  a  sleeping  Bill  Sykes  with 
a  bludgeon,  one  foot  on  the  table,  her  leg  across  the  shoulders  of  a  sleeping 

512 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1798 

foot-pad  with  a  pistol.  The  men  threaten  the  invaders  with  pistols,  a 
blunderbuss,  a  chair,  a  tankard,  &c.  One,  who  uses  his  pistol  as  a  bludgeon, 
has  on  the  back  of  his  coat  the  device  of  a  man  hanging  from  a  gibbet.' 
There  are  two  other  pretty  young  women,  drunk,  an  older  woman,  and 
three  fat  viragoes  standing  (1.)  absorbed  in  a  violent  quarrel.  There  is  a 
low  raftered  roof. 

Francis  Place  (b.  1771)  describes  the  cock-and-hen  clubs  (which  he 
frequented  as  an  apprentice),  e.g.  a  famous  one  in  a  public  house  in  the 
Savoy.  Upon  one  end  of  a  long  table  was  'a  chair  filled  by  a  youth,  upon 
the  other  end  another  chair  filled  by  a  Girl.  The  amusements  were  drink- 
ing, smoaking — swearing — and  singing  flash  songs  . . .'.  He  writes  in  1824: 
'There  are  still  in  some  parts  of  the  town  Cock  and  Hen  Clubs,  but  these 
are  in  the  lowest  and  most  disreputable  neighbourhoods  and  are  attended 
by  none  but  disreputable  people  mostly  young  thieves.'  Autobiography, 
B.M.  Add.  MSS.  35142,  flF.  140,  140  b.  For  'row',  cf.  No.  Son. 
Size  of  original  13I X  18J  in. 

9310  PUPILS  OF  NATURE. 

Maria  Carolina  Temple  Deb  TS.  [Sansom]  Sculfi 

Pu¥  April  30.  ijgS,  by  S.W.  Fores,  N"  50,  Piccadilly  corner  of 

Sackville  S^   Where  Prints  and  Drawings  are  lent  on  the  Plan  of  a 

Library 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  tall  handsome  young  woman  walks, 
1.  to  r.,  looking  to  the  1.  with  a  coquettish  smile.  An  ugly  man  (1.),  small 
and  deformed,  one  leg  heightened  by  an  iron,  looks  up  at  her,  saying, 

Queer  my  Sconce  but  thats  a  D d  fine  Woman,  now  if  she  has  got  any 

Shiners,  I've  a  great  mind  to  Noose,  and  tip  her  the  go  by  when  I'm  tired  of 
her.  Both  are  fashionably  dressed  and  wear  spencers  (see  No.  8192).  The 
lady  wears  a  long  fur  boa,  with  a  large  muff.   A  pavement  of  large  flag- 
stones completes  the  design. 
9fX9|in. 

931 1  WHITHER  MY  LOVE!— AH!— WHITHER  ART  THOU  GONE 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  s^ 

LoTidon  Pu¥  by  SW  Fores  N"  3  Piccadilly  April  28  lygS — Folios  of 
Caricatures  Lent  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  street  scene.  An  artisan  staggers 
forward,  dismayed  at  the  disappearance  of  a  woman  who  has  fallen  head 
first  down  a  cellar  whose  flap  has  been  left  open.  Her  legs  and  petticoats 
issue  from  the  small  aperture.  Behind  is  a  window  in  which  are  bottles 
inscribed  Cordials  &  Compounds.  A  placard  of  clasped  hands  suggests  a 
brothel.  In  the  man's  hat  is  thrust  a  pipe  from  which  smoke  issues, 
lofxyf  in.  'Caricatures',  vii.  5. 

9311a  wither  my  love,  AH!  WITHER  ART  THOU  GONE. 

[n.d.]2 

A  close  copy,  inscription  over  window  with  and  in  place  of  '&'. 
4i|X3iin. 

"  The  same  device  is  on  the  back  of  a  carter  in  a  pi.  (by  J.  T.  Smith)  to  The  Scum 
Uppermost  .  .  .,  1802,  see  vol.  viii. 

^  A  similarly  reduced  version  of  No.  8211  is  dated  1806  ('Caricatures',  ix.  i). 
They  appear,  like  93 1 2  a,  to  belong  to  a  numbered  series  published  by  Fores  in  1 806. 

513  Ll 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9312  YOUNG  GENTLEMEN  IN  THE  DRESS  OF  THE  YEAR  1798. 
Woodward  del  Cruikshank.  S 

London  Pu¥  by  SW  Fores  No.  50,  Piccadilly  Jan^^  6  1798. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  8749.  Three 
men  whose  fashionable  dress  is  unsuitable  to  their  age  and  ugliness  are 
grouped  under  a  tree.  Two  inspect  the  third,  who  wears  a  spencer  and 
stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  holding  his  round  hat.  One  stands  (c.)  holding 
Chesterfields  advice  to  his  son,  the  other  (1.)  sits  on  a  garden  seat  looking 
through  a  glass.  A  dog  lies  at  his  feet. 
I2|x8|  in. 

9312  A,  a  close  copy  (coloured),  Woodward  del,  same  title  (?i8o6).  Cf. 
No.  93 1 1  A. 

4|X3jg  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  220. 

9313  LADIES  WIGS! 

Woodward  del.  Cruikshanks  sculp. 

Pub.  June  12.  lygS,  by  S.W.  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly,  corner  of  Sack- 
ville  <S'  Folio's  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  T.Q.L.  figures  of  women  in  ovals, 
arranged  in  two  rows  on  a  dark  background.  Each  has  put  on  a  new  wig, 
ranging  from  heavy  ringlets  in  confused  profusion  to  a  shock  of  lank  hair. 
Some  are  old  and  ugly,  others  passable.  Their  words  are  engraved  beneath 
the  oval ;  some  are  horrified,  others  complacent. 

Wigs  for  men  and  women  were  a  Paris  fashion  (cf.  Private  Corr.  of 
Lord  G.  Leveson  Gower,  1916,  i.  135,  138  (Nov.  1796));  many  simulated 
natural  short  hair  and  required  shaved  heads.  The  fashion  was  sometimes 
said  in  Paris  to  come  from  London.  It  was  also  said  to  be  a  result  of  the 
revival  of  republican  fashions  after  the  coup  d'etat  of  18  Fructidor  (4  Sept. 
1797).  Cf.  French  songs  on  'Tetes  Tondues'  in  London  und Paris,  i,  1798, 
pp.  281  ff.  See  No.  9325,  and  cf.  No.  8988.  Perhaps  one  of  a  series,  see 
No.  8541. 
12JX  17!  in.   Ovals,  c.  5f  X4J  in. 

9314  [FEMALE  OPINIONS  ON  MILITARY  TACTICS. 

[?  Woodward  del.]  IC  [Cruikshank] 

Pub.  Sep  30.  lygo  [.?  1798  or  1799]  A^"  50  Piccadilly,  corner  of 
Sackville  S*  Folio's  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. y 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  volunteers  or  militiamen,  each  in 
conversation  with  a  woman  on  points  of  arms,  equipment,  or  dress.  They 
are  arranged  in  two  rows,  the  words  etched  above  the  head  of  the  speaker. 
Probably  one  of  a  series,  see  No.  8541. 
i2|x  i8J  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  36. 

9315  SHE  WILL  BE  A  SOLDIER  N"  i 
Rowlandson  Delin  Schutz  sculp 
London  Pub  May  i  lygS  at  Ackermann's  Gallery  N"  loi  Strand 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).    Scene  at  the  door  of  a  rustic  inn.   Two 

soldiers  (seated)  and  a  handsome  girl  drink  punch  together.   She  stands, 

^  Title  and  imprint  from  A.  de  R.  vi.  20-1. 

5H 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1798 

wearing  the  cocked  hat  and  sword-belt  of  an  officer  who  holds  her  hand ; 
a  child  plays  with  the  sword.  An  old  woman  chalks  up  the  score.  A  bugler 
(1.)  rides  off  with  a  led  horse.  The  sign  is  the  King's  Head,  a  profile  portrait 
of  George  III. 

One  of  a  series,  see  No.  9316,  p.  515.  There  is  a  companion  plate, 
He  won't  be  a  Soldier. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  349. 
9|X  iif  in.  With  border,  13IX  15I  in. 

9316  SOLDIERS  RECRUTING  N"  4 
Rowlandson  Delin  Schutz  sculp 
London  Pub  Aug^  i  lygS  at  Ackermanns  Gallery  N^  loi  Strand 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Scene  at  the  door  of  a  rustic  inn,  a  large 
Union  Jack  floating  over  the  doorway.  An  officer  puts  a  cocked  hat  on  the 
head  of  an  ungainly  yokel ;  another  flirts  with  a  pretty  girl ;  they  sit  together 
on  a  bench  (r.),  a  dog  gazing  up  at  them.  A  smart  drummer-boy  beats 
his  drum;  behind,  a  peasant  in  a  smock  wears  a  cocked  hat.  In  the  doorway 
the  fat  host  pours  out  wine ;  the  sign  is  The  Old  Flask.  In  the  background 
(r.)  a  sergeant  drills  a  very  awkward  squad  of  four.  See  No.  9315. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  349. 
9jx  iif  in.  With  border,  i3ix  15I  in. 

PRIVATE  DRILLING,  by  Rowlandson  and  Schutz,  pub.  i  Aug.  1798, 
is  No.  5  in  this  series,  see  No.  9315.  A  fat  *cit'  is  being  drilled  by  an 
officer  in  his  shop,  to  the  admiration  of  his  household.  A  drummer  beats 
his  drum.  In  the  background  are  large  jars  of  snuff.  Photogravure  repro- 
duction (coloured)  in  Memoirs  of  Angelo,  1904,  ii.  404.  (B.M.L.,  K.T.C. 
105.  a.  8.) 

A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N°  XIV  to  London  und  Paris,  xvi,  1806  [1807]. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  288-98.  (6|x8|  in.)  (B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689.) 

9317  VIEWS  OF  LONDON.     N°  3 

ENTRANCE    OF   TOTTENHAM    COURT   TURNPIKE,  WITH  A 
VIEW  OF  ST  JAMES'S  CHAPEL 

Rowlandson  Delin  Schutz  sculps 

[Pub.  Ackermann,  i  April  1798]' 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  topographical  view  of  the  turnpike, 
showing  the  chapel  (1.)  and  houses  in  the  distance.  In  the  foreground  are 
figures,  humorously  drawn  (1.  to  r.):  a  man  and  woman,  'cits',  in  a  gig, 
with  kicking  horse;  a  boy  galloping  on  an  ass  with  panniers;  a  couple 
riding,  and  in  difficulties;  two  pretty  milk-maids  are  ogled  by  a  decrepit 
man ;  an  elderly  man  draws  three  children  in  a  go-cart ;  beside  him  are  two 
fat  women  and  a  little  boy.  A  ( ?)  blind  fiddler  plays,  while  a  woman  beside 
him  begs.  A  stage-coach  in  back  view  has  just  passed  through  the  gate. 
A  fat  man  finds  difficulty  in  squeezing  through  the  posts  for  pedestrians. 

One  of  a  series ;  the  first,  by  Dugaty,  is  purely  realistic.  (Hyde  Park 
Corner  Turnpike  with  St.  George's  Hospital,  i  Aug.  1797,  Crowle, 
v.  No.  130.) 

A  reissue  dated  i  Mar.  18 13  in  Grace  Collection,  xxxi,  No.  ii. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  349. 
i2|x  16  in.  Crowle,  ix,  No.  5. 

'  Date  from  Grego;  Ackermann  advertised  'Entries  of  London'  in  the  Morning 
Chronicle,  27  Nov.  1798. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9318  VIEWS  OF  LONDON    N"  4 

ENTRANCE    OF    OXFORD    STREET    OR   TYBURN   TURNPIKE 
WITH  A  VIEW  OF  PARK  LANE 

Rowlandson  Delin  Schutz  sculp 

[i  Apr.  1798] 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  On  the  r.  is  the  wall  of  Hyde  Park,  above 
which  appear  a  few  houses  in  Park  Lane.  Oxford  Street  recedes  diagonally 
to  the  1.  beyond  the  turnpike.  A  coroneted  travelling  chaise  with  four 
galloping  horses  and  two  postilions  advances  towards  the  spectator.  Beside 
it  is  a  two-wheeled  cart  in  which  three  country  people  are  crowded. 
Beggars  (1.)  limp  towards  the  gate,  one  on  crutches.  A  young  woman  on 
the  arm  of  an  elderly  man  looks  over  her  shoulder  at  a  handsome  officer 
in  regimentals.  In  the  shadow  of  the  wall  (r.)  a  recruiting  sergeant  marches 
at  the  head  of  three  shambling  recruits. 

A  reissue  dated  i  Mar.  1813  in  Grace  Collection,  xxix,  No.  118. 

Grego,  Rowlandson^  i.  349. 
12  X  16J  in.  Crowle,  vi,  No.  i. 

9319  VIEW'S  OF  LONDON.     N"  5. 

ENTRANCE  FROM  MILE  END  OR  WHITE  CHAPLE  TURNPIKE 

Rowlandson  Delin  Schutz  sculp 

London  Pub  June  i  lygS  at  Ackermann's  Gallery  N"  loi  Strand 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  The  turnpike  is  in  the  background,  the 
wide  foreground  is  bordered  by  houses.  Mounted  soldiers  (r.)  ride  towards 
the  gate  behind  a  baggage-wagon  drawn  by  two  horses,  on  which  sit  two 
soldiers,  each  with  a  wife  and  infant.  This  is  preceded  by  a  gun-carriage 
escorted  by  five  foot-soldiers  marching  with  fixed  bayonets.  Advancing 
towards  the  spectator  (1.)  is  a  gig  drawn  by  a  pair  of  ponies  in  which  a  fat 
gouty  *cit'  is  driven  by  a  flighty  woman.  Beside  them  rides  a  vulgar  and 
jaunty  *cit'.  A  Jew  with  a  basket  chaffers  with  three  boys,  one  a  chimney- 
sweep. There  are  other  figures. 

A  reissue  dated  i  Mar.  1813  in  Grace  GoUection,  xxxiii.  No.  103. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  344. 
ii|x  16J  in.  Growle,  ix,  No.  6. 

9320  VIEW'S  OF  LONDON.     N"  6 

ENTRANCE  FROM  HACKNEY  OR  CAMBRIDGE  HEATH  TURN- 
PIKE WITH  A  DISTANT  VIEW  OF  ST  PAULS. 

Rowlandson  Delin  Schutz  sculp 

London  Pub  June  i  lygS  at  Ackermann's  Gallery  N**  loi  Strand 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  The  turnpike  is  in  the  middle  distance, 
with  St.  Paul's  in  the  background,  across  fields.  The  chief  interest  is  in 
the  foreground  figures.  A  'cit',  resembling  John  Gilpin,  gallops  over  a  sow 
and  pigs,  losing  his  hat  and  wig.  A  horse  rears,  upsetting  a  fat  couple  from 
a  two-wheeled  gig.  A  group  of  'cits'  is  approached  by  a  crippled  beggar 
supported  on  short  crutches.  A  man,  woman,  and  child  ( ?  Irish  hay- 
makers) walk  towards  the  gate.  Behind  (r.)  is  a  house  in  front  of  which 
is  a  Punch  and  Judy  show,  with  spectators  and  a  fat  barrow-woman  crying 
her  wares. 

A  reissue  dated  i  Mar.  18 13  in  Grace  GoUection,  xxxiii,  No.  55. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  349. 
1 1 1 X  15!  in.  Growle,  ix,  No.  7. 

516 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL   SATIRES   1798 

A  set  of  prints  by  Rowlandson,  slightly  aquatinted,  reissued  with  an 
additional  imprint  in  1857,  from  the  (unworn)  plates.  The  title  and 
imprint  are  the  same  on  each,  but  the  plates  are  numbered.  There  is  also 
a  bound  set  of  the  prints,  B.M.L.  1267.  f.  21,  with  appropriate  quotations 
from  Anstey's  New  Bath  Guide  printed  below  the  plates.  This  has  a  title- 
page  and  'Prefatory  Remarks'  by  the  publisher,  explaining  the  plates. 
The  Print  Room  set  has  been  issued  without  printed  matter. 

9321  COMFORTS  OF  BATH. 

PL  I 

Rowlandson  fecit. 
Pu¥Januy  6'*  lygS  by  S.  W.  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sackville 

Street — 
Repu¥  I&''  June  1857  h  Ro¥  Walker  Harley  Street.  Bath 

A  consultation  of  doctors  in  a  gouty  patient's  bedroom.    Three  doctors 

inspect  the  patient,  two  others  in  the  background  take  refreshment  attended 

by  a  servant.   The  nurse  sleeps  in  a  chair. 

4|-X7f  in.   With  border,  (i\l'X()ii  in. 

PI    2   K  concert. 

PI    J  The  Pump  Room. 

PI    4  A  fish-stall ;  the  gouty  patient,  in  a  Bath  chair,  makes  purchases. 

PI    5   Riding. 

PI    6   A  portrait-painter. 

PI    7   In  the  bath ;  men  and  women  fully  dressed  and  half  immersed. 

PI    8  An  assembly  with  card-players.   Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  xlv. 

PI    9   Gouty  gourmands  at  dinner. 

PI  10  A  ball. 

PI  II  A  ( ?)  breakfast-party. 

PI  12   Gouty  persons  falling  down  or  toiling  up  a  steep,  rough  hill  below 

the  Crescent. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  333-48  (reproductions  of  all  plates). 


9322-9331 

»  Series  of  'Drolls' 

9322  LODGINGS  TO  LET.     206 

Published  j*'  January  lygS  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  In  a  bedroom  a  man,  fashionably  dressed  and  wearing  a  hat, 
ogles  a  pretty  young  woman  whose  r.  hand  he  takes.  The  floor  is  carpeted ; 
on  the  1.  is  a  curtained  double  bed ;  a  dressing-table  is  placed  across  the 
single  window  (r.).  Beneath  the  title:  A  Quiz  of  a  Fellow  Seeing  a  Bill  on 
a  Window  announcing  Lodgings  to  Let,  Knock' t  at  the  Door  from  mere 
curiosity,  and  was  conducted  thro*  the  Apartments  by  a  Beautiful  Young 
Woman — Struck  with  her  Charms,  Said  "Pray  my  Dear  are  you  to  be  Let 
with  these  Lodgings", — "No  Sir  answered  the  Captivating  Female, — /  am 
to  be  Let  alone". 
6|X9iin. 

517 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9323  RINGING  THE  CHANGES— OR  QUIZZING  MY  UNCLE. 

213 

Published  20*^  March  lygS  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  An  elderly  man  (1.)  reading  the  Courier,  cf.  No.  9194,  and  a 
young  blood  wearing  a  hat  and  holding  a  cane,  sit  on  opposite  sides  of  a 
small  rectangular  table  on  which  are  a  decanter  and  glasses.  Above  the 
design :  Old  Nunke  and  his  Hopeful  Nephew.  Beneath  the  title :  Old  Gentle- 
man (Reading)  Last  Monday  A  Society  of  College  Youths  Rang  a  Peal  of 
4000,  500  Changes  in  the  Space  of  two  Hours  and  twenty-Minutes,  upon 
a  Set  of  Treble-bob  Majors,  being  the  Shortest  time  ever  known,"  what  do 
you  think  of  that  Jack."  Nephew — Mere  nothing  Uncle — I  ring  the  Changes 
to  the  Tune  of  more  than  double  that  Sum  in  Half  the  time,  on  two  Generals, 
and  one  Simple-Colonel — will  you  lend  me  a  Hundred  Pound  for  two  or  three 
days  Uncle". 
6f  X9  in. 

9324  CAPTAIN  WATTLE  AND  MISS  ROE.     214 

Published  4*^  April  lygS,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street,  London. 

Engraving.  An  encounter  between  a  naval  officer  with  one  leg  and  a  one- 
eyed  woman  holding  a  decanter  in  her  hand.  They  have  risen  from  a 
dining-table  laid  for  dessert:  four  guests  watch  with  amused  surprise.  A 
man  stands  in  a  doorway,  a  cat  climbs  up  the  door.  A  dog  barks  at  the 
pair.  Illustration  to  verses  engraved  in  the  columns,  describing  the  marital 
life  of  the  pair:  ^sometimes  a  kissing,  and  sometimes  a  kicking. 

A  song  by  T.  Dibdin  in  his  entertainment.  The  Sphinx,  performed 
1797-8.   Printed,  Professional  Life  of  Mr.  Dibdin,  1803,  iv.  70-1. 
6x8^  in. 

9325  WIGS  ALL  THE  RAGE,  OR  A  DEBATE  ON  THE  BALDNESS 
OF  THE  TIMES.     217 

Designed  by  R.  Newton. 

Published  24*^  MayiygS,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street,  London. 

Engraving.  A  man  leans  from  a  rostrum  (r.),  holding  up  his  wig,  address- 
ing an  audience  of  men  and  women,  seated  and  standing,  most  of  whom 
hold  up  their  wigs,  disclosing  bald  or  cropped  heads.  In  his  1.  hand  is 
a  wig  of  luxuriant  curls  which  he  has  taken  from  the  head  of  a  protesting 
old  woman.  Most  of  the  wigs  simulate  natural  hair,  either  short  or  in 
ringlets.  On  the  wall  is  a  placard :  For  Debate,  \  Opinions  \  on  \  Baldness.  \ 
It  is  the  sincere  wish  of  the  \  proprietors  of  this  Institution,  \  that  Gentlemen 
and  Ladies  will  be  Uncover* d  on  this  important  Occasion.  See  No.  9313. 
6iiX9i*ein. 

9326  THE  NATURALIST'S  VISIT  TO  THE  FLORIST.     218 
Published  24*^  May  1798,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 

London. 

Engraving.  A  garden  scene.  A  manservant  pushes  his  master  in  a  roughly 
made  bath-chair  (r.).  The  latter  is  dismayed  at  the  antics  of  his  stout  friend, 
who  chases  a  butterfly,  trampling  on  closely  planted  tulips.  Behind:  a 
garden  wall  with  a  recessed  seat  on  which  a  man  is  sitting  (1.),  a  cube-like 
house,  and  a  greenhouse  (r.).    Beneath  the  title:  A  Gentleman  who  was 

518 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1798 

remarkably  fond  of  raising  fine  Tulips,  shewing  his  Collection  to  a  Friend  who 
was  equally  curious  in  Butterflies,  a  scarce  Fly  called  the  Emperor  of  Morocco 
presenting  itself  to  our  Naturalist  .  .  .  He  without  any  hesitation  made  his 
way  over  the  whole  Bed  to  seize  the  prize.  .  .  . 

The  'Emperor  of  Morocco',  see  No.  9107,  appears  to  be  a  humorous 
name  for  the  Purple  Emperor  {Apatura  Iris)  described  by  Moses  Harris 
in  the  Aurelian,  see  No.  5156,  and  by  other  entomologists;  also  called 
in  the  eighteenth  century  'Emperor  of  the  Woods'  and  'Purple  High-flyer'. 
See  C.  W.  Dale,  British  Butterflies,  1890,  pp.  119-27.  Peter  Pindar,  in 
Sir  Joseph  Banks  and  the  Emperor  of  Morocco,  1788,  describes  him  as 
clumsily  chasing  this  butterfly. 
6|X9J  in. 

9327  BILLING  AND  COOING  AT  THE  JELLY  SHOP.     219 

Published  4*^  June  lygS,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  $3  Fleet  Street,  London. 

Engraving.  A  man  and  woman  sit  facing  each  other  beside  the  counter, 
which  stretches  across  the  design ;  he  holds  a  jelly-glass  and  puts  a  spoonful 
to  her  mouth;  she  sits  with  open  mouth  and  folded  arms,  a  closed  fan  in 
one  hand.  A  third  customer  leans  on  the  counter,  holding  a  jelly-glass 
and  inspecting  the  pair  through  a  lorgnette.  He  is  reflected  in  an  oval 
mirror  which  is  the  centre  of  the  wall  behind  the  counter,  dividing  two 
sets  of  shelves  on  which  are  neatly  ranged  canisters,  glasses,  packets,  &c. 
A  shop-girl  (r.)  also  gazes  at  the  pair.  All  are  fashionably  dressed. 
6|x8|in. 

9328  THE  GRACES  COMPARING  SANDALS.     220 

Published  4^^  July,  lygS  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street,  London. 

Engraving.  A  young  woman  (1.)  sits  beside  a  dressing-table  inspecting 
the  cothurnes  of  two  others  who  stand  before  her,  raising  their  limp 
draperies  to  show  legs  decorated  with  complicated  cross-gartering.  The 
theme  is  repeated  in  a  picture  (r.)  of  a  partly  draped  and  seated  figure 
inspecting  two  nude  women.  Similar  cross-gartering  is  shown  in  Heide- 
loflt's  Gallery  of  Fashion,  iv,  1797,  i  Apr.  1797.  Cf.  No.  8757. 
8fX7in. 

9329  HELTER  SKELTER— OR  A  SHOWER  ON  GREENWICH 
HILL.     221 

Published  20^^  August  1798.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N"  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving,   Holiday-makers  hurry  down  hill  and  to  the  r.  under  heavy 
slanting  rain.  A  young  man  shelters  a  young  woman  under  his  umbrella ; 
both  are  fashionably  dressed.  A  fat  *cit'  has  fallen  on  his  back.  For  Green- 
wich Hill  cf.  No.  9303. 
6|X9  in. 

9330  ENJOYING  A  FRIEND     222 

Published  August  21'^  1798.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle  N°  53  Fleet  Street. 

Engraving.  Two  men  sit  in  silent  gloom  smoking  long  pipes.   On  a  small 
square  table  between  them  are  a  huge  frothing  tankard  and  a  paper. 
Sixteen  lines  of  verse  are  engraved  beneath  the  design. 
6fx8|in. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9331  A  NEW  WAY  OF  CURING  A  QUINSEY. 
R.  Newton  delink 

[Pub:  Laurie  &  Whittle.    ?  c.  1798.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  'cit'  sits  in  an  arm-chair  laughing 
and  holding  his  sides,  while  a  footman  and  doctor  seated  on  opposite  sides 
of  a  small  round  table  bombard  each  other  with  fragments  of  pudding,  the 
doctor  using  a  spoon. 

The  text  engraved  below  the  title  explains  that  this  was  a  facetious 
doctor's  plan  for  curing  a  patient  who  would  not  gargle,  by  making  him 
laugh. 
6|X9|  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  128. 

9332  THE  OLD  CHEESE; 

Published  j*'  February  lygS,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  Heading  to  verses  printed  in  two  columns.  After  the  title: 
An  Original  Tale,  recited  by  Mr.  Fawcett,  at  Covent-Garden  Theatre.  A 
farmer  in  top-boots  stands  at  the  head  of  his  dinner-table,  about  to  hurl 
a  large  cheese;  other  cheeses  fly  about  the  room,  and  have  broken  plates 
and  a  window-pane.  Six  alarmed  guests  sit  at  the  table.  The  farmer's  wife 
sits  opposite  him.  The  verses  relate  the  tale  of  a  loutish  and  hen-pecked 
husband  who  gives  an  exhibition  of  his  domestic  authority  to  impress  his 
guests,  but  is  finally  quelled  by  his  wife. 
6|X9  in.   Broadside,  18  X  i if  in. 

9333  FRANK  HAYMAN;  A  TALE; 

Published  20^^  February  lygS,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  Heading  to  verses  printed  in  three  columns:  Written  by  John 
Taylor,  Esquire,  Author  of  Monsieur  Tonson,  and  originally  intended  for 
recitation  at  the  Haymarket  Theatre,  during  the  Lent  season.  A  street  scene 
showing  a  door  inscribed  Hayman,  the  lower  part  of  three  sash-windows, 
area  railings,  and  pavement.  A  porter  offers  a  mangled  hare  to  a  maid- 
servant who  holds  up  her  hands  in  horror;  the  porter  drops  a  paper 
inscribed  Hayman  Esq.  Hayman  himself,  a  well-dressed  man,  stands 
behind  the  porter  (r.),  on  the  pavement.  The  verses  describe,  first.  Hay- 
man's  paintings  at  Vauxhall,  then  his  following  with  much  amusement  a 
drunken  porter  with  a  hare,  followed  by  an  alert  dog,  which  during  the 
porter's  drunken  doze  had  eaten  part  of  the  hare.  He  pleasurably  antici- 
pated the  delivery  of  the  hare,  but,  arriving  at  his  own  house,  found  that 
he  was  the  victim  of  his  own  sense  of  humour.  The  subject  of  pi.  No.  34 
to  The  Humourist,  by  G.  Cruikshank,  181 9.  Reid,  No,  823. 

6f  X9J  in.   Broadside,  18 J X  ii|  in. 

9334  DOCTOR  JEREMY  SNOB. 
Written  by  J.  G.  Maxwell. 

Published  4''  October  1798.   By  Laurie  &'  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street 
London.     48 

Engraving.  Illustration  to  engraved  verses  set  with  music:  Jeremy  Snob, 
cobbler  and  quack,  loquitur.    The  cobbler  sits  at  his  last,  in  a  work- 

520 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1798 

» 
room  in  which  are  phials,  a  skull,  &c. ;  a  sword-fish  and  a  small  alligator 
are  suspended  from  the  roof.    He  speaks  to  a  pregnant  woman  standing 
on  the  r.,  relating  his  cures  by  death  or  recovery.    Snob  =  shoemaker  or 
cobbler. 
7X9iin.   PI.  i3|X9|in. 

9335  PATIENCE;  OR,  A  BAD  JOB: 
An  original  tale.    Written  by  the  Author  of  Speculation.^ 
Published  20^^  November  lygS,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N°  53  Fleet 
Street  London. 

Engraving.  Illustration  to  verses  printed  in  two  columns.  An  elderly 
parson,  holding  his  pipe,  his  back  to  the  fire,  makes  gestures  of  rage 
towards  his  servant  (r.),  who  hurries  terrified  from  the  room.  His  wife  (1.) 
holds  his  coat  to  restrain  him.  The  verses  relate  that  after  a  sermon  on 
the  misfortunes  of  Job,  the  parson  told  his  wife  that  his  'patience  and 
strength  of  mind'  were  equal  to  Job's,  though  she  (like  other  women)  was 
incapable  of  such  restraint.  His  servant  enters  to  tell  him  that  the  contents 
of  a  cask  of  ale  had  been  spilt.  His  wife  reproaches  him  for  his  violent 
abuse:  "Job  was  not  half  so  vext .  .  ." ;  he  says:  "Answer  me  this,  I  say — 
Did  Job  e'er  lose  A  Barrel  of  such  Ale?" 
6|x8|  in.   Broadside,  i8x  iii  in. 

■  Speculation;  or  a  Defence  of  Mankind  is  by  C.  Anstey;  the  verses  illustrated 
are  not  printed  in  his  son's  edition  of  his  Poetical  Works  (1808). 


521 


1799 
POLITICAL  SATIRES 

9336   THE  GHOST  OF  BUONAPARTE  APPEARING  TO  THE 
DIRECTORY!!! 

/  C*   [Cruikshank.] 

Published  by  SW  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly  Jan:  i.  lygg.    Folios  of 
Caricatures  Lent — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bonaparte  (1.),  standing  among  clouds, 
threatens  the  five  Directors  with  a  large  jagged  sword.  He  wears  a  shirt, 
sash,  and  spurred  boots  only,  and  has  a  bleeding  wound.  He  declaims 
angrily:  Regicides,  Parricides,  Fratricides,  &  Patricides,  this  is  the  Effects 
of  your  Insatiable  thirst  for  Conquest,  this  is  Your  reward  for  my  Glorious 
Atchievements  in  Italy,  Germany,  (sf'^ — to  die  by  the  Hand  of  an  Assassin, — 

a  D d  Musselman;  &  all  my  Brave  Legions  Destroyed  by  Water  Melons 

&  the  Arabs.  Go  Murderers  in  Cold  Blood;  may  your  Conscious  Guilt  ever 
prey  upon  your  Vitals;  &  may  the  Name  of  Nelson  ever  haunt  you  Sleeping 
&  waking.  The  Directors,  wearing  their  plumed  hats  (except  one  whose 
hair  rises)  and  elaborate  cloaks  (see  No.  9199),  shrink  in  terror.  They  are 
seated  at  an  oblong  table  on  which  is  a  paper:  Item  to  send  Buonaparte  to 
Egypt  to  prevent  his  organizing  the  Directory. 

A  report  of  Bonaparte's  assassination  in  Cairo  was  received  in  London 
on  14  Dec.  Lond.  Chron.,  15  Dec.  1798,  cf.  p.  576.  At  this  date  the 
Directors  were  Barras,  Larevelliere-Lepeaux,  Merlin  of  Douai,  Rewbell, 
and  Treilhard.  For  Bonaparte,  the  Directory,  and  Egypt,  see  J.  H.  Rose, 
Napoleon,  1934,  pp.  174-82.  For  the  battle  of  the  Nile  see  No.  9250, 
&c. 

Broadley,  i.  125  (reproduction,  p.  122). 
8fxi3  in. 


9337  THE  STRATAGEM  ALIAS  THE  FRENCH  BUG-A-BO  OR 
lOHN  BULL  TURN'D  SCRUB 

[PAnsell.] 

Pub  by  S.  W  Fores,  Jan.  i^  1799,  N^  50,  Piccadilly.  Folios  ofCaraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.),  supporting  with  his  r.  arm  a 
wolf-like  monster,  points  arrogantly  at  the  money-bags  held  out  by  John 
Bull  (1.),  whose  knees  flex  with  terror.  He  says :  If  you  dont  come  down  with 
your  Income,  I'll  let  him  loose!!!  Round  the  monster's  thick  neck  is  a  collar: 
La  Grande  Nation;  from  its  jaws  issue  flames  and  an  army  of  skeletons, 
brandishing  weapons ;  flames  dart  from  its  nostrils.  John  says  Oh  spare  my 
life  and  take  all  I  have ;  he  holds  out  a  large  bag  inscribed  10  P^  Cent  on 
Income,  and  a  smaller  one  containing  Remaining  fruits  of  Industry.  Behind 
his  head  is  a  placard: 

52a 


P'  Annum  200 
iy6 

~24 

To  support 
lohn  his  Wife 
&  7  Children 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

A  Schedule  \  of  Farmer  lohn^s  \  Income  and  Expences 
L 

Rent  40 

Servants  Wages  60 
Carts  &  Horses  30 
Tythes  10 

Land  Tax  4 

Commutation  &c  6 
Duty  on  Horses  ]  ^ 
Carts  &c  I 

Tax  on  Income         20 
iy6 

For  the  Income  Tax  see  No.  9363,  &c.  Incomes  of  ,^200  a  year  and 
upwards  paid  at  the  highest  rate,  those  under  j^6o  being  exempt.  This  was 
denounced  by  Pulteney  (see  No.  9212)  as  ruinous  to  the  'middling  class'. 
Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  137  (27  Dec.  1798).  It  had  been  an  Opposition  theme 
that  unfounded  fears  of  a  French  invasion  were  exploited  by  the  Ministry, 
of.  No.  8836.  For  Commutation,  or  tax  on  windows  instead  of  tea,  see 
Nos.  6630,  6634,  &c. 

Broadley,  Napoleon,  i.  125-6. 
9i5Xi5iin. 

9337  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N°  V  to  London  und  Paris,  iii,  1799. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  177-81. 

6|x  8|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9338  JOHN  BULL  IN  TRAINING  FOR  THE  YEAR  1799!! 
IC  [Cruikshank.] 

Published  by  M.  Allen  N"  J5  Paternoster-Row  Jan.  i.  1799 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull,  with  almost  horizontal  back, 
is  ridden  by  four  Powers,  while  Pitt  (1.)  leads  him  by  a  rein  attached  to  a 
bit  and  bridle.  He  wears  a  collar  to  which  is  attached  a  weight :  Tax  upon 
Income.  The  Sultan,  wearing  a  large  jewelled  turban,  sits  on  John's 
shoulders,  clutching  his  ear.  Next  is  the  Tsar  holding  the  Sultan  round 
the  waist ;  clasping  him  is  the  King  of  Prussia,  who  is  held  by  the  Emperor 
precariously  poised  and  using  a  heavy  spear  against  John's  thigh.  John 
Bull  supports  himself  with  a  heavy  club.  Staff  of  Perseverance,  held  in 

both  hands.   He  says  to  Pitt:  "What!  more  Cock-Horseing,  an  be  Da 'd 

to  you — /  thought  they  would  ha  let  I  alone  this  time.  Do  shove  that  great 
big  Turk,  &  The  Russian  a  little  lower,  or  I  shall  certainly  be  upset; — the 
other  two  ride  snug  enough,  they  be  used  to  it! — what  be  I  to  do  now? — /  donna 
much  like  my  new  collar — /  wish  you  would  ease  un  a  little."  Pitt,  tripping 
lightly,  turns  his  head  in  profile  to  say:  "This  is  only  a  little  training — 
should  you  now  be  wanted,  you  shall  astonish  the  World!  your  collar  is  very 
handsome  &  becoming,  I  assure  you. 

A  satire  on  the  Income  Tax  and  on  the  subsidies  demanded  by  the 
Powers  of  the  Second  Coalition.  Turkey  and  Russia  had  combined  against 
France  after  Bonaparte's  seizure  of  Malta;  Frederick  William  III  was 
bargaining  for  a  subsidy;  Whitworth  had  been  empowered  to  sign  a  Subsidy 
Convention  for  the  support  of  a  Russian  Army  to  co-operate  with  Austria, 
Pitt  and  Grenville  having  agreed  that  not  more  than  ^^2,000,000  could  be 

523 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

spared  for  the  three  States.  Camb.  Hist,  of  British  Foreign  Policy,  i.  285- 
7.  See  No.  9285.  For  previous  subsidies  see  Nos.  8821,  9013.  Dun  das 
wrote  to  Pitt,  Dec.  1798:  'The  aversion  of  this  country  to  renew  any  more 
subsidiary  treaties  is  greatly  increased  by  the  unfaithful  execution  of  those 
already  past.  .  .  .'  Dropmore  Papers,  v.  433.  For  the  tax  see  No.  9363,  &c. 
8|xi2|  in. 

9339  A  VISIT  TO  THE  IRISH  PIG!!.  WITH  REFLECTIONS  PHYSI- 
CAL &  MORAL 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Published  by  S  W  Fores,  N"  50  Piccadilly.  Jan  7  J799    Folios  of 
Caricatures  Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  George  III  stoops  to  inspect  through 
a  glass  a  gigantic  pig  standing  in  a  stable,  but  facing  the  King,  and  project- 
ing beyond  the  partition  of  his  stall.  Behind  the  King  (1.)  stands  a  courtier 
in  Light  Horse  regimentals,  but  wearing  a  gold  key  which  indicates  the 
Lord  Chamberlain  (Salisbury).  He  holds  up  a  lantern,  saying:  That  Pig 
is  the  Tallest  Fittest  Properest  Pig  to  stand  before  the  K  the  most  wonderful 
I  ever  had  the  honor  to  shew — it  is  arrived  from  Ireland — truly  worthy  the 
Inspection  of  the  curious,  an  amazing  animal!  The  King  answers  True — 
true — very  fat  Ireland! — hae?  hae? — hope  he  did  not  eat  any  of  the  Rebels! — 
shant  like  the  Pork  if  he  has — stick  to  Fetter  Lane — clean  and  wholesome  that 
— Pretty  sausages — hae — hae — What  does  he  say?!!  talks  French  hae?  hae. 
The  pig,  whose  snout  is  close  to  the  King's  face,  says  We — We — We — . 
Beneath  it  is  inscribed  This  Pig  measures  5  feet  high  &  10  feet  long. 

Evidently  the  Enniscorthy  boar,  a  gigantic  and  well-formed  animal, 
sent  as  'an  olive  branch'  by  ex-rebels  to  be  presented  to  the  King  and 
placed  in  the  Tower  menagerie  as  a  curiosity.  The  pig  was  first  shown  to 
the  public  by  its  keepers.  According  to  Sir  Jonah  Barrington,  an  Irish- 
man from  Wexford  recognized  the  animal  and  announced,  to  amuse  the 
company,  that  the  Irish  attributed  its  bulk  to  its  having  eaten  the  Protestant 
clergyman  of  Enniscorthy  after  the  battle.  The  King,  hearing  of  this, 
ordered  the  animal  to  be  shot  at  once.  Barrington,  Sketches  of  his  own 
Times,  1832,  iii.  427-36. 

Mary  Leadbeater  writes:  'For  several  months  [after  the  Rebellion,  see 
No.  9228,  &c.]  there  was  no  sale  for  bacon  cured  in  Ireland,  from  the  well- 
founded  dread  of  the  hogs  having  fed  upon  the  flesh  of  men.'  Leadbeater 
Papers,  1862,  i.  247. 
8|xi3  in. 

9340  DRAWING  FOR  TWELFTH-CAKE  AT  ST  ANNES  HILL.!! 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  by  SW  Fores.  50  Piccadilly.  Jarfy  16.  1799  Folios  of  Carica- 
tures Let  out 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox,  as  host,  stands  behind  a  table  on 
which  is  a  large  Twelfth-cake  decorated  with  trees  of  Liberty  and  crowned 
by  a  bonnet-rouge.  He  and  all  his  guests  are  inspecting  the  tickets  they 
have  drawn  from  a  bonnet-rouge  full  of  papers  which  lies  on  the  corner 
of  the  table  opposite  Sheridan  (r.).  Fox  delightedly  holds  out  his  ticket, 
Perpetual  Dictator.  The  others  (1.  to  r.)  are:  first  Tierney,  his  ticket 
A  Nabob;  then  Lord  Moira,  stiffly  in  profile  to  the  1.,  The  Irish  Hoaxter 

524 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

(cf.  No.  9184);  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  seated,  Collector  of  Taxes  (see  No. 
9167),  Norfolk,  on  Fox's  r..  Perpetual  Toast  Master  (see  No.  9168,  &c.); 
M.  A.  Taylor,  very  small  and  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge,  his  ticket  inscribed 
Go  to  Roost  (he  was  'the  Chick  of  Law',  see  No.  6777) ;  Erskine,  on  Fox's  r., 
Soliciter  General  (cf.  No.  8502),  Burdett,  Keeper  of  the  Prison  in  Cold  Bath 
Fields  (see  No.  9341),  Sheridan  (the  impecunious),  seated.  First  Lord  of  the 
Treasury,  and  (?)Byng,'  M.P.  for  Middlesex,  looking  nearsightedly  at 
Bastile  Jervise.  On  the  wall  is  a  placard :  Rules  to  he  observed  at  this  Meeting 
I  That  the  Cake  he  decorate  with  appropriate  insignia  2  That  the  tickets  be 
deposited  in  a  Bonnet  Rouge  and  drawn  in  Rotation  3  That  the  Old  Fashioned 
Gatne  of  King  and  Queen  he  exploded  &  Catch  as  Catch  can  Substituted  in 
its  stead. 

One  of  many  satires  on  the  supposed  Jacobin  sentiments  of  the  Opposi- 
tion. Fox  was  accused  of  making  himself  Perpetual  Dictator  by  his  India 
Bill,  cf.  No.  6380,  &c.  Tierney,  a  holder  of  E.  India  stock,  made  his  mark 
in  1783  by  opposing  Fox's  India  Bill;  he  was  President  of  the  Board  of 
Control  from  Sept.  1806  to  Mar.  1807;  cf.  No.  9416.  The  title  implies  that 
the  activities  of  Opposition  are  transferred  from  Parliament  to  Fox's  house 
(see  No.  9217,  &c.)  by  the  Secession,  see  No.  9018,  &c.  Cf.  Nos.  6464, 
7509,  similar  applications  of  the  twelfth-cake  to  political  aspirations. 
9|xi5iin. 

9340  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N°  X  to  London  und  Paris,  v,  1800. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  316-27. 

6^  X  8f  in. 

9341  CITIZENS   VISITING   THE   BASTILLE,— FtV/e.    Democratic 
Charities — 

y  Qy  inv*  &  fee- 
Pub^  Jany  i6t^  1799-  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James  s  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured^  impressions).  Sir  Francis  Burdett, 
one  hand  on  the  knocker  of  the  large  iron-studded  door,  addresses  the 
gaoler,  a  burly  ruffian  with  large  keys,  who  stands  just  inside,  holding  open 
one  leaf  of  the  door.  He  says,  one  finger  raised:  Hush! — Harkee! — open 
the  door! — I  want  only  to  see  if  my  Brother  Citizens  have  Candles  &  Fires,  & 
good  Beds,  &  clean  Girls,  for  their  accomodation, — that  all!!!  Hush!  open  the 
Door!  quick!!  The  gaoler  answers:  Hay? — what? — let  You  in,  hay? — no! 
no! — we're  bad  enough  here,  already! — let  you  in!  no! — no! — that  would  be 
too  bad; —  You're  enough  to  corrupt  the  whole  College.  From  Burdett's  pocket 
hangs  a  paper:  Secret  Correspondence  with  O' Conner  Evans  Quigley  Despard 
(see  No.  9189). 

In  the  background  a  hackney  coach  is  driving  under  the  high  prison 
wall  towards  the  gate.  The  profile  of  Courtenay  (on  the  extreme  1.)  looks 
from  the  window  to  say:  Drive  me  to  the  Bastille  you  dog.  The  driver 
answers:  To  Cold  Bath  College,  you  mean  I  suppose! — to  take  up  your 
Degrees  Master.  Above  the  massive  gateway  is  inscribed:  The  House  of  \ 
Correction  for  the  \  County  of  Middlesex.  \  1794  \  . 

A  satire  on  the  debate  of  21  Dec.  1798  on  the  Habeas  Corpus  Suspension 
Act,  when  Courtenay  described  his  visit  to  the  prison  with  Burdett  to  see 
the  State  prisoners  (Despard  and  others)  imprisoned  there  under  the  Act. 
He  said  that  he  took  a  coach  and  after  ordering  the  man  to  drive  'to  the 

'  Perhaps  Grey.  *  In  'Caricatures',  v.  65. 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Bastile'  elicited  the  answer '. . .  every  body  knows  the  Bastile  in  Cold-Bath 
Fields'.  Burdett  also  spoke  on  the  ill-usage  of  prisoners.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv. 
1 1 1  ff .  Burdett  made  himself  the  champion  of  the  prisoners  and  the 
Middlesex  election  of  1802  was  fought  on  this  issue,  see  vol.  viii.  See 
Nos.  9340,  9345,  9416.  'College'  was  slang  for  prison.  Grose,  Diet.  Vulgar 
Tongue,  1796.   For  Burdett  and  O'Connor  see  Nos.  9213,  9245,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  255;  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  217.    Reproduced, 
M.  W.  Patterson,  Sir  Francis  Burdett  and  his  Times,  1931,  i.  70. 
i3|xioin. 

9342  GENERAL  MACK:  SCAMPERING  BACK! 
[1.  Cruikshank.] 

Published  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Jan:  2g.  ijgg    NB  Folios  of 
Caricatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  Mack  gallops,  surrounded  by  cannon-balls,  and  with  French 
soldiers  with  bayonets  and  a  cannon  at  his  heels  (r.).  He  wears  a  tall  cap 
ornamented  with  skull  and  cross-bones  and  an  enormous  ostrich  feather; 
his  cape,  queue,  and  many  orders  attached  to  ribbons  stream  behind  him ; 
he  looks  back  with  a  terrified  grimace.  A  double-headed  Habsburg  eagle 
flies  off  (1.)  holding  two  ribbons  with  orders  attached:  Rewards  for  emmi- 
nent  services.  The  pursuing  Frenchmen  say:  Holloa — Monsieur  le  Grand 
General,  vat  are  you  ojf  already  and  Aye,  Aye  he  will  live  to  fight  more  battles 
than  any  General  ever  known  ''For  he  that  fights  &  runs  away.  May  live 
to  fight  another  day'*. 

A  satire  on  the  rout  of  Mack,  in  command  of  the  Neapolitan  forces,  who 
fled  from  Rome  in  Dec.  1798,  pursued  by  Championnet,  *la  baionette 
dans  les  reins'.  Sorel,  L'Europe  et  la  Rev.  fr.,  v,  1910,  p.  374.  He  sur- 
rendered to  Championnet,  and  lived  to  make  the  Capitulation  of  Ulm 
(1805).  Cf.  No.  8472. 
8i|x  131^6  in. 

9343  THE  MAIDSTONE  WHITEWASHER 

[  ?  Sansom.] 

Pubjany  30.  lygg,  by  S.W.  Fores,  N°  50,  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 
ville  <S'  Folio's  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  Fox  (r.)  whitewashes  two  Irishmen,  while  Sheridan,  Erskine, 
and  Norfolk  prepare  the  whitewash  (1.).  Sheridan,  on  the  extreme  1.,  flings 
from  a  basket  lumps  of  whitewash  into  a  large  tub  of  Real  Maidstone  White- 
wash prepared  &  Sold  dy  [sic]  Fox  &  C".  He  says :  If  any  Man  can  make 
black  white  I  can.  Erskine,  bare-legged  and  pulling  up  his  gown,  treads 
on  the  mixture  like  a  Scottish  washerwoman ;  he  says :  /  think  if  any  man 
knows  how  to  mix  white-wash  for  Characters  it  is  I  (cf.  Nos.  8502  and  (for 
his  egotism)  9246).  Norfolk  (r.)  flings  in  a  pailful  of  water,  saying,  Sooner 
than  not  prevail,  I'll  swear  Truth  out  of  all  England.  (He  was  supposed  to 
have  conformed  to  the  Anglican  Church  for  political  reasons,  remaining 
a  Catholic.) 

Fox  (r.)  stands  in  back  view,  a  brush  in  each  hand,  applying  whitewash 
to  Grattan  (1.)  and  O'Connor  (r.).  Grattan  holds  a  paper  inscribed  United 
Oaths,  O'Connor  stands  with  clasped  hands,  wearing  leg-irons  and  with 
a  halter  round  his  neck,  My  own  Confession  being  placarded  on  the  wall 
beside  him.   Two  lists  of  names  inscribed  Privy  Council  are  on  the  wall ; 

526 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

beside  Grattan  is  that  of  Ireland,  the  only  legible  name,  Gratton,  being 
scored  through.  Above  Fox's  head  is  that  of  England,  the  only  legible 
name,  C  J  Fox,  scored  through.  Engraved  in  three  columns  beneath 
the  title: 

M''  Fox  at  the  Whig  Club,  a  second  time  rose 
"Sir,  the  Gentleman's  health  I  intend  to  propose; 
But  first,  let  me  tell  you,  what  all  must  believe 
For  you  know  Fve  no  motive,  no  wish  to  deceive, 
That  till  lately,  a  rumour  ne'er  came  to  my  ear, 
Which  Fm  told  has  been  current,  at  least  half  a  year. 
That  my  witness  at  Maidstone  disgusted  the  nation — 
This  is  owing  Fm  clear,  to  misrepresentation; 
For  all  that  I  swore,  I  declare  on  my  honour, 
Fd  respect  o'er  and  o'er  in  defence  of  O  Conner. 
Of  deception  O  Conner  I  cannot  accuse, 
As  he  never  thought  proper  to  mention  his  views; 
I  never  could  ask  what  he  chose  to  corneal 

This  was  all  that  I  said — this  was  all  that  I  knew 

Sherry,  Norfolk  and  Erskine,  will  swear  it  is  true, 

M^  Grattons  my  toast,  we're  extreamly  alike. 

The  resemblance,  Fm  sure,  your  disernment  must  strike, 

He,  in  Ireland,  America  labour' d  to  serve; 

In  the  same  cause,  in  England,  I  strain' d  every  nerve; 

With  compleatest  success  our  endeavours  was  bless' d 

And  America  lost,  and  our  Country  distrss'd. 

We  both  live  upon  charity,  feeling  no  qualms. 

Parliamentary  he,  and  I  private  alms; 

Both  our  names  from  the  Council  by  Pitt  are  eras' d 

We  are  honoured  by  censure,  while  Pitt  is  disgrac  d 

Both  have  fled  from  the  senate,  while  each  of  us  vapours 

I  hoare  at  the  Whig  club,  he  course  in  the  papers. 

A  burlesque  of  Fox's  speech  at  the  Whig  Club  on  4  Dec.  1798  (which 
is  closely  followed  in  places),  when  he  justified  his  secession  from  Parlia- 
ment (see  No.  9018,  &c.),  and  his  evidence  for  O'Connor,  see  No.  9245,  &c. 
He  proposed  a  toast  to  Grattan,  saying  that  during  the  American  war  he 
was  acting  on  the  same  principles  as  himself  and  the  Opposition.  He 
compared  Grattan's  grant  from  the  Irish  Parliament  (see  No.  6003)  with 
his  own  from  'my  country',  and  the  fate  of  both  in  having  received  'the 
most  substantial  marks  of  public  approbation'  (see  No.  8331,  &c.)  and 
also  of  ministerial  displeasure  in  having  been  removed  from  the  Privy 
Council  (see  No.  9205,  &c.).  Lond.  Chron.,  5  Dec.  1798.  Two  further 
similarities  he  significantly  omitted :  both  had  given  evidence  for  O'Connor, 
both  had  seceded  from  Parliament.  The  speech  is  satirized  in  G.  Hud- 
desford's  Hudibrastic  satire,  Crambe  Repetita,  1799,  pp.  69-70.  Lady 
Holland  writes,  the  speech  'has,  if  possible,  added  to  his  unpopularity'. 
He  was  called  upon  to  defend  his  evidence  at  Maidstone:  'What  he  said 
.  .  .  was  liberal  and  manly,  but  he  unnecessarily  added  some  sentences 
[not  in  Lond.  Chron.]  upon  the  application  of  those  principles  of  liberty 
(which  he  professed  maintaining  in  common  with  O'Connor)  against  the 
Governt.  in  Ireland.'  Journal,  1908,  i.  214.  See  p.  460,  Nos.  9370,  9416. 
8|xi5|in. 

527 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9344  AN  IRISH  UNION! 
IC   [Cruikshank.] 

Published  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Jan  30  lygg  Folios  of  Carica- 
tures Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  Dundas  (I.)  reads  from  a  folio  History  of  Scotland,  while  Pitt 
(r.)  joins  the  reluctant  hands  of  Paddy  (1.)  and  John  Bull  (r.).  Dundas, 
who  wears  a  Scots  cap,  plaid,  and  tartan  stockings,  with  a  flask  protruding 
from  his  coat  pocket,  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  saying,  77/  read  ye  a  little 
aboot  the  same  Business  in  my  ain  country — you  will  find  how  many  made  the 
siller  frae  that  time  to  this — depend  upon  it  Paddy  ye  will  be  much  happier — 
and  mair  independent  than  ever.  Paddy,  an  Irish  farmer,  looks  round  at  him 
with  a  suspicious  scowl,  saying.  Now  is  it  Blareying  you  are  at?  Pitt  says 
with  a  primly  complacent  expression :  Depend  upon  it — what  that  Gentleman 
says  is  right — thus  I  join  your  hands  in  Friendship.  &  one  Interest — and  whom 
I  put  together — let  no  man  put  asunder.  John  Bull  stares  to  the  r.,  saying, 
This  may  be  Nation  good  Fun. — but  dang  my  buttons,  if  I  know  what  it  is 
about!  &  Cousin  Paddy  dont  seem  quite  clear  in  the  Case  neither.  On  the 
extreme  1.  stands  a  man  with  blankets  over  his  arm  inscribed  Tax  on 
Income.  He  says :  When  you  want  the  Wet  Blankets — I  have  them  ready. 
He  is  perhaps  Joseph  Smith,  (Treasury)  private  secretary  to  Pitt.  Below 
the  title:  "If  there  be  no  great  love  in  the  beginning. — "Yet  heaven  may 
decrease  it  upon  better  acquantance,  vide  Shakespeare. 

On  22  Jan.  the  King's  Message  recommending  Parliament  to  provide 
for  a  Union  with  Ireland  was  read ;  Dundas  then  moved  the  Address,  but 
made  no  comparison  between  Ireland  and  Scotland,  though  he  did  so  on 
7  Feb.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  208-9,  345-6.  For  the  Union  see  No.  9284, 
&c. ;  for  the  Income  Tax,  No.  9363,  &c. 
8|Xi3|in. 

9344  A  A  copy  is  pi.  N"  VI  to  London  und  Paris,  v,  1800.  Explanatory 
text,  pp.  160-6. 

6x8iin.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4889. 

9345  A  CHARM  FOR  A  DEMOCRACY,  REVIEWED,  ANALYSED, 
&  DESTROYED  JANY  1ST  1799  TO  THE  CONFUSION  OF  ITS 
AFFILIATED  FRIENDS. 

[Rowlandson.] 

Published  February  j*'  1799  by  [Wright's  name  erased]  for  the  Anti 
Jacobin  Review,  by  J  Whittle  Peterborough  Court  Fleet  Street 

Engraving.'  From  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  ii,  frontispiece.'  The  interior 
of  the  Cave  of  Despair,  with  demons  put  to  flight  by  a  ray  of  divine  light 
from  the  letters  I  AH  in  z  triangle  in  the  upper  1.  corner  of  the  design. 
Three  wizards  (r.)  in  monkish  robes  tend  a  boiling  cauldron  inscribed: 

Eye  of  Straw  &  toe  of  Cade 

Tylers  bow  &  Kosiuskos  blade 

Russels  liver  tongue  of  cur 

Norfolks  boldness  Foxsfur 

Add  thereto  a  tygers  chauldron 

For  the  ingredients  of  our  cauldron 

'  A  coloured  impression  in  B.M.L.,  P.P.  3596,  where  the  plate  is  bound  facing 
p.  113,  reversing  the  places  of  it  and  No.  9350. 

528 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1799 

Facing  them  (r.)  sits  the  Devil  enthroned,  holding  a  trident,  with  a  three- 
headed  scaly  monster  beside  him;  he  says: 

Pour  in  Streams  of  Regal  Blood 
Then  the  Charm  is  firm  &  good. 

Burning  pamphlets  feed  the  fire  under  the  cauldron;  they  are  being 
heaped  up  by  Home  Tooke,  from  whose  mouth  issues  a  label :  H — T.  Tis 
time  tis  time  tis  time.  The  next,  stirring  the  contents,  says  Thrice!  and 
Twice  King's  Heads  have  fallen.  The  third  (?  Dr.  Towers),'  flourishing  a 
broom-stick,  says,  Thrice  the  Gallic  Wolves  have  bayed',  he  holds  an  open 
book:  Lying  Whore  \  False  Swearing.  Behind  the  wizards  is  a  procession 
of  the  Opposition.  The  first  three  (abreast)  are  Bedford,  Norfolk,  and 
Lord  Derby.  They  say  respectively:  Where  are  they! — gone  Pocketed  the 
Church  and  Poorlands  The  Tythes  next  [alluding  to  the  basis  of  the  Russell 
fortunes,  see  No.  8788,  &c.] ;  Oh  fallen  Sovereingty  degraded  Counseller  [see 
No.  9168,  &c.] ;  Poor  Joe  is  done  No  test  or  Corporation  Acts  [cf.  No.  7628, 
&c.].  The  next  three  are  Fox,  Erskine,  and  Tierney ;  they  say  respectively: 
Where  can  I  hide  my  secluded  Head  [see  No.  9205,  &c,] ;  Ah  woe  is  me — 
poor  I  [see  No.  9246,  &c.] ;  Would  I  had  never  spoke  of  the  Licentiousness 
of  the  Press.  Behind  them  is  Burdett,  saying.  What  can  I  report  to  my 
Friends  at  the  Bastile  [see  No.  9341,  &c.].  Behind  there  is  an  undifferen- 
tiated crowd  entering  the  cave  and  headed  by  Thelwall  holding  a  volume 
of  Thelwalls  Lectures  [see  No.  8685],  exclaiming,  Vm  off  to  Monmouthshire. 
The  procession  is  watched  by  a  snaky  monster  (1.).  Above  their  heads  and 
resting  on  clouds  are  small  figures :  the  King,  allegorically  depicted,  hold- 
ing a  serpent  in  each  hand.  Behind  him  are  Pitt,  saying.  Suspend  their 
Bodies,  (?)  Grenville,  (?)  Windham,  saying  Almighty  God  has  been  pleased 
to  grant  us  a  great  Victory,  and  Kenyon,  saying  Take  them  to  the  Kings 
Bench  &  Cold  Bath  fields  [see  No.  9341].  The  divine  ray  is  inscribed: 
Afflavit  Deus  et  dissvpantur  \  Your  Destruction  cometh  as  a  Whirlwind  \ 
Vengeance  is  ripe. 

Four  winged  demons  fly  off  (r.)  in  the  smoke  of  the  cauldron,  three  have 
collars  on  which  their  names  are  engraved:  Robesp[ierre],  Voltaire,  and 
Price.  An  ape  dressed  as  a  newsboy,  with  Courier  on  his  cap  (see  No. 
9194,  &c.),  blows  his  horn  towards  the  cauldron.  Behind  him,  in  the 
extreme  r.  corner,  is  an  open  book:  Analitical  Review  \  Fallen  never  to  rise 
again.  The  seditious  papers  which  feed  the  fire  are :  Eguali[ty] ;  Blasphemy 
Sedition;  Sophims  [sic] ;  Heresy,  Atheism;  Resistance  is  Prudence;  Belshams 
History ;  Whig  Club ;  The  Vipers  of  Monarchy  and  Aristocracy  will  soon  be 
strangled  by  the  Infant  Democracy  [cf.  No.  8310,  &c.];  Fraud;  Third  of 
September  [see  No.  8122] ;  Rights  of  Nature  [by  Thelwall,  attacking  Burke, 
1796];  2J^'  of  January  [see  No.  8297,  &c.];  Frends  Atheism;  Quigleys 
Dying  Speech  [see  No.  9189];  O'Connors  Manifesto  [see  No.  9245,  &c.]; 
Oakleys  Pyrology;  Deism;  Kings  can  do  good  Joel  Barlow;  Uritaranism 
[sic] ;  Sedition ;  France  is  free ;  Duty  of  Insurrection ;  Darwins  topsy  turvy 
Plants  and  Animals  Destruction  [cf.  No.  9240] ;  Kings  are  S TS  [ser- 
pents, as  in  Barlow's  Conspiracy  of  Kings,  pub.  J.  Johnson,  1792] ;  Political 
Liberty. 

The  particular  application  of  this  attack  on  the  radical  press  and  the 
Opposition  may  be  the  publication  of  An  Oblique  View  of  the  Grand  Con- 
spiracy against  Social  Order;  or  a  Candid  Inquiry,  tending  to  shew  what 
Part  the  Analytical,  the  Monthly,  the  Critical  Reviews,  and  the  New  Annual 
'  Perhaps  Dr.  Parr;  Towers  died  20  May  1799. 

529  M  m 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Register,  have  taken  in  that  Conspiracy,  a  shilling  pamphlet  published  by 
Wright  and  hailed  with  enthusiasm  by  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  see  Nos. 
9240,  9243,  in  three  articles  by  Gifford  (Dec.  1798,  Jan.  and  Feb.  1799), 
i.  691-2,  ii.  75-7,  203-9.  Tierney  complained,  27  Dec.  1798,  of  the  mis- 
representation of  a  speech  of  his  (on  22  Dec.)  in  The  Times.  Pari.  Hist. 
xxxiv.  148  ff.  Belsham's  History  of  Great  Britain  from  the  Revolution  to  the 
Accession  of  the  House  of  Hanover  was  reviewed  in  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review, 
ii.  32-7,  and  denounced  as  ignorant  and  Jacobinical.  Frend,  a  unitarian 
and  radical,  had  been  banished  from  Cambridge  University  for  a  sup- 
posedly seditious  pamphlet.  About  1798  Thelwall  retired  to  a  small  farm 
in  Wales.  For  Barlow  see  No.  8365  n.  William  Okeley's  Pyrology,  or  the 
connexion  between  natural  and  moral  philosophy :  with  a  short  disquisition  on 
the  origin  of  Christianity,  was  published  in  1797  by  J.  Johnson.  The  attitude 
to  the  Polish  Revolt  (see  No.  8607),  implied  in  the  association  of  Kosciusko 
with  Cade,  &c.,  is  exceptional. 
10  J  X  17  in. 

9345  a  a  copy  by  G.  Cruikshank:  Title  as  above,  Rowlandson  fec^ 
G  Cruikshank  sculp  Pul/  Febv  J**  1799  .  .  .  [ut  supra]. 

Reid  717. 
4|x8fgin. 

9346  THE  UNION  OLIO.  [i  Feb.  1799] 

Engraving.  Frontispiece  to  Hibernian  Magazine.  A  design  in  six  compart- 
ments arranged  in  two  rows,  each  with  a  title : 

[i]  Who's  the  Dupe?  or  the  blessings  of  a  Union.  A  stout  man, 
seated  beside  a  table  laden  with  money-bags,  points  derisively  to  an 
emaciated  and  almost  naked  Irishman  (r.)  who  approaches  him  with  a 
bundle  on  his  back  inscribed  Budget,  and  filled  with  rolled  documents. 
One  foot  rests  on  the  Irish  harp,  and  a  sheet  of  music  is  inscribed  down 
down  Erin  go  down.  Papers  on  the  table  include  Plan  for  promoting  the 
Irish  Negro  Trade ;  Essay  on  Cat  gelding  (three  cats  seated  beside  it) ;  Plan 
for  peopling  the  W.  Indies  with  Wild  Irish.  On  the  r.  are  sacks  of  Fruit, 
casks,  and  sheaves  brought  from  Ireland,  on  the  1.  stacks  of  muskets 
inscribed  for  Ireland.  On  the  wall  are  three  pictures :  a  bear  hugging  a 
woman  is  Success — all — Happiness  \  Nothing  but  pure  Love.  A  bull  and  lion 
tied  together  by  their  tails,  called  Quis  separabit  j  Union.  A  cannon  is  Big 
Bow  Wow  I  The  Grinder. 

[2]  A  Turn  Coat.  A  soldier  ( ?  Cornwallis),  seated  by  a  table  on  which 
is  a  bottle  of  Spirits  and  papers,  holds  a  glass  in  one  hand,  a  spear  in  the 
other;  he  says,  Here's  Damnation  Seize  you  all.  Among  the  papers  on  wall, 
table,  and  floor  are  a  placard:  Cornwallis  dissolve  Court  Martial  Sat  on 
Wolloghan  .  .  .  and  No  fees  for  Whipping  Salting  Picketting  Burning  Hang- 
ing. No  fees  for  all  our  anxious  Days  and  restless  Nights.  Cf.  Cornwallis, 
Corr.  iii.  89-90. 

[3]  Young  Paddy.  Pitt,  in  regimentals,  while  controlling  a  British  lion, 
shackled,  saddled,  and  bridled,  fires  at  a  prancing  bull  wreathed  with 
shamrock.  Behind  him  are  soldiers  with  bayonets;  behind  the  bull  (cf. 
Nos.  9348,  9365)  a  cheering  mob.  In  the  background  is  the  Irish  Parlia- 
ment. On  the  ground  is  a  paper :  Union  a  Farce  not  Acted  these  40  years. 
Beneath  the  design  are  eighteen  lines  of  verse: 

A  milk  white  Bull  on  soft  Potatoes  fed 
530 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

Astonish' d  heard  the  King  of  Beasts  declare 

lerne' s  freedom  he'd  attempt  to  tear; 

Nor  longer  would  this  Albion  Tyrant  see 

Such  Paddies  fatten  even  on  Frugality, 

But  England's  taxes  must  they  henceforth  carry 

[4]  Now  OR  NEVER.  A  British  soldier  and  an  Irish  rebel  fraternize.  The 
latter  holds  a  spear  and  wears  a  ribbon  inscribed  Cornwallis  andlW  [?  Pitt]. 
Beneath  are  four  verses  of  a  song,  the  second : 

Cornwallis  gave  us  Peace  and  hade  our  burthens  Cease, 
Our  blood  no  more  shall  flow,  to  glad  our  Tyrant  foe, 
But  United  now  we'll  stand,  with  Enlands  happy  land. 

All  amongst  the  Boys  so  Green  O' 
Then  John  let  us  Combine,  to  Mar  their  foul  design. 
All  amofigst  [&c.]. 

[5]  Billy  the  Driver.  Pitt  (r.)  runs  after  a  fleeing  Irish  peasant;  he 
holds  out  a  heavy  harness  with  a  padlock  hanging  from  the  bit,  and  blinkers 
inscribed  OR.  His  coat  pocket  hangs  out  inscribed  MT  (empty).  Behind 
(r.)  is  a  coach  surmounted  with  an  enormous  crown,  it  is  drawn  by  a  Scot ; 
the  place  of  the  other  horse  is  to  be  taken  by  the  Irishman. 

[6]  The  RT  Hon.  J.  Foster  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons  Drawn 
in  Triumph  by  the  People.  The  Speaker's  coach  is  drawn  (1.  to  r.)  from  the 
House  of  Commons  across  College  Green,  which  is  filled  with  a  huzzaing 
crowd.  In  the  background  are  the  House  (1.)  and  the  west  front  of  Trinity 
College  (r.).  Above  flies  Fame  blowing  a  trumpet  and  holding  a  scroll: 
No  Union.   For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c. 

After  the  debate  on  22  Jan.,  when  an  amendment  (against  the  Union) 
to  the  Address  was  defeated  by  one  vote  only,  Dublin  was  illuminated. 
Clare  wrote  of  the  Speaker:  'His  partiality  was  gross  and  glaring  in  the 
chair  and  certainly  he  has  left  nothing  untried  to  inflame  the  populace.' 
Auckland  Corr.  iv.  80.  See  also  Cornwallis  Corr.  iii.  34,  35.  See  No.  9368. 

An  indication  of  the  character  of  the  opposition  to  the  Union  in  Dublin ; 
at  this  time  (except  in  Dublin)  the  Catholics  were  expected  to  be  favour- 
able or  neutral,  cf.  Auckland  Corr.  iv.  77.  Both  United  Irishmen  and 
Orangemen  combined  in  dislike  of  Cornwallis,  cf.  Corr.  of  Castlereagh, 
ii.  169. 
7jx  14  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154  ka. 

9347  A  TRIAL  FOR  A  RAPE!!! 

London    Published  by  William  Holland,  50,  Oxford  Street  Febv  8, 
1799. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  much  burlesqued  court  scene,  in  which 
Pitt  is  tried  by  Fox  for  the  rape  of  Erin.  Fox  (1.)  as  judge  sits  on  a  platform 
and  under  a  canopy  surmounted  by  a  trophy  of  bonnet-rouge,  sword,  palm 
branch  with  a  scroll :  Libertas.  Sheridan,  his  face  much  disfigured  by  drink, 
sits  beside  him  with  the  rod  of  an  usher.  Pitt  stands  in  a  box,  facing 
the  judge,  a  paper  inscribed  Union  beside  him,  Burdett  as  gaoler  (cf. 
No.  9341)  stands  beside  him  holding  keys.  Erin  stands  below  Pitt  at  the 
end  of  a  table  round  which  sit  members  of  the  Opposition.  She  is  a  young 
girl  dressed  in  white,  with  shamrock  in  her  hair,  her  1.  arm  resting  on  her 
harp;  she  declaims:  /  appeal  to  the  Court!  notwithstafuiing  his  violence  he 

531 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

declares  he  will  dedicate  his  life  to  the  accomplishment  of  his  wicked  purpose! ! ! 
On  her  r.  sit  Norfolk  and  Home  Tooke,  both  wearing  bonnets-rouges.  On 
the  near  side  of  the  table,  their  heads  turned  in  profile  to  the  r.,  are  Erskine, 
Nicholls,  his  glass  held  up,  one  eye  closed,  Derby,  and  Bedford.  Next  the 
last  is  a  judge  ( ?  Thurlow)  and  at  the  corner  of  the  table  on  Erin's  1.  are 
M.  A.  Taylor,  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge,  and  Tierney.  Behind  the  heads 
of  Norfolk  and  Home  Tooke  are  rows  of  massed  spectators,  and  above 
them  is  a  gallery,  filled  with  fashionably-dressed  women,  holding  muflts, 
who  make  remarks  expressive  of  their  condemnation  of  Pitt,  satirizing  the 
interest  taken  in  rape  trials. 

For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c.   Of  those  depicted  only  Sheridan  and 
Tierney  opposed  the  Union  in  the  debates.   Fox  was  at  St.  Ann's  Hill. 
Burdett,  Nicholls,  and  the  others  did  not  speak, 
iixiyi  in. 

9348  A  NEW  IRISH  JAUNTING  CARR. 

THE  TANDEM— OR  BILLY  IN  HIS  SULKY. 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

Pub  hy  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Feb.  20.  ijgg.  Folios  of  Caricatures 
Lent 

Engraving.  Pitt,  in  the  open  two-wheeled  carriage  for  one  person  called 
a  sulky,  drives  (r.  to  1.)  two  bulls  tandem ;  the  leader  is  branded  I.B  (John 
Bull),  the  wheeler,  who  snorts  and  paws  the  ground,  is  PB  (Paddy  Bull, 
cf.  No.  9346).  John  Bull  plods  along,  saying.  This  is  cursed  hard  Work  to 
get  this  Irish  Brother  of  mine  along.  I  dont  much  relish  this  close  connection. 
Pitt,  leaning  forward,  but  not  using  his  whip,  says:  Whoo — hoo — Paddy 
gently  my  lad,  dont  be  so  refractory,  cant  you  follow  your  Brother  John?  see 

how  Quietly  he  takes  cholar  D n  these  stones  they'll  upset  me.  His  wheel 

is  against  a  boulder:  Irish  Resolutions;  two  others  lie  ahead:  Irish  Objections 
and  Voice  of  the  People.  On  his  carriage  is  a  large  crown,  and  a  sign-post  (r.) 
points  1.  to  Windsor.  On  the  horizon  (1.)  Windsor  Castle  is  faintly  indicated. 
For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c. 
8|xi4|in. 

9348  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N**  IX.  to  England  und  Paris,  iii,  1799. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  274-6. 

6ix8fin.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9349  REPRESANTANT  D'UNE  GRANDE  NATION. 
[J.  Cooke  Sculp*  50  Holland  Street 

Published  as  the  Act  directs,  by  Obadiah  Prim,  for  the  Increase  of 
Voluntary  Contributions,^  and  sold  at  all  Print,  &c  Booksellers,  in 
Great  Britain,  and  on  the  Continent,  Febv  23"^  1799]^ 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression)  with  small  applications  of  gold  leaf.  A 
grotesque  monster,  nude  and  hairy,  respresenting  the  Constitution  of  the 
Year  III,  stands  against  the  tmnk  of  L'Arbre  de  Liberie  (r.)  with  upraised 
hands.  The  tree,  Embleme  de  VArbre  de  Connoissance,  has  withered  branches 
in  which  fantastic  serpents  are  twined.  One  of  these,  having  a  human 
head  and  arms,  holds  out  a  Pomme  d'or;  he  is  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  wig 
is  inscribed  Politique  Rusde  d'une  Grande  Nation.  (Other  apples  on  the 
»  See  No.  9157,  &c.  *  Mutilated.   From  A.  de  R.  vi.  102-3. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

tree  are  Subornation,  Anarchic  Universelle,  Intrigue,  Corruption.)  He  wears 
clerical  bands  and  is  evidently  Talleyrand.  From  his  mouth  issue  the 
words:  A  L'Empereur.  \  Si  Votre  Majeste,  se  jettant  dans  nos  Bras.  — 
Repousse  Vor  Anglais,  et  les  Secours  des  Russes,  \  Nous  Ven  consolerons,  en  lui 
jurant  Tout  Bas;  D'ecraser  avec  lui  —  le  Grand  Turc  et  les  Prusses! 
Au  Roi  de  Prusse.  \  Le  fils  de  Notre  Ami  —  de  nous  auroit  il  peur?  Les 
Directeurs  frangais  ne  veulent  que  Son  Bien,  \  Un  jour,  n'en  doutez  pas  — 
Vous  serez  Empereur!  Oui  —  Vous  serez  Cesar!  peut-etre  plus;  ou  {tout  bas) 
Plus  Rien!  \  A  U  Angleterre.  \  Ennemie  de  la  France  —  implacable  Albion! 
Ton  Or  sera  la  Proie,  de  la  Grande  Nation.  \  A  la  sublime  Porte.  \  Nous 
sommes  Musulmans,  a  Mahomet  fidels ;  Et  du  Nom  de  Chretiens,  — ennemis 
eternels!  \  Aux  Autres  Souverains  et  Peuples  de  la  Terre.  \  Nous  pensons  a 
vous  totis!  Chacun  aura  son  Tour!  \  Oui!  chaque  Etat,  doit  sentir  —  Le  Prix 
de  notre  Amour! 

Another  serpentine  monster  has  the  body  of  a  scaly  bird,  with  webbed 
wings  and  five  heads,  each  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge ;  it  presumably  repre- 
sents the  five  Directors.  A  five-pointed  crown  encircles  all  the  heads, 
the  points  inscribed :  [i]  Sardinia  Neaples  Rome,  [2J  Venise  Modene  Savoye, 
[3]  Flandres  Hollande  Allemagne,  [4]  Corsica  Malte  Egypte,  [5]  Milan 
Genes  Swisse.  They  say:  Haine  eternel!  contre  tous  les  RoisH!  and  are 
inscribed  Le  Quintuple  Auto-democratisme,  ou  Demo-Autocratisme!  Their 
body  stands  on  another  snake  from  whose  fanged  mouth  issue  the  words : 
Qu'est  ce  qu'un  Roi,  compare  a  un  Citoyen  Francais?  Vide  le  Discours  de 
S*  Just  a  la  Convention,  Avril  iyg4.  Twined  round  the  serpentine  body 
of  the  Directory  is  another  serpent  whose  seven  heads  on  the  extreme  1. 
are  in  profile  to  the  r.,  facing  the  Directory.  The  four  lower  heads  are  those 
of  Fox,  Norfolk,  Bedford,  and  Home  Tooke.  Above  these  are  Sheridan, 
Erskine,  and  Derby.  They  say:  Bravo  Citoyens  Bravo!  These  serpents 
and  the  branches  of  the  tree  fill  the  upper  part  of  the  design. 

The  burly  monster  stands  below,  shouting  Guerre!  Guerre!  Guerre.  He 
wears  a  biretta-shaped  cap  inscribed  U  Universalite  de  V Anarchic  \  Majeste 
Supreme  ou  \  Souverainte  du  Peuple  \  Vive  la  Republique  \  Vivent  les  Revo- 
lutions. On  his  forehead  are  gilt  circles  surrounded  by  words.  A  5  is 
enclosed  by  Roi  de  Paris,  the  others  are  Ministre  de  la  Marine,  Ministre 
de  VEntcrieur,  Ministre  de  VExterieur,  Ministre  de  Finance,  Ministre  de 
Police.  The  glaring  eyeballs  are  inscribed  200  (presumably  an  error  for 
250)  and  500,  the  numbers  of  the  two  Councils.  His  satyr's  ears  are 
inscribed:  Passage  a  Vordre  dujour  sur  la  misere  du  Peuple  sur  les  Reclama- 
tions des  Opprimes,  and  Audience  Publique  a  tous  les  Vagabonds  Revolu- 
tionaires.  On  his  hairy  (blue)  jowl:  Conspirations  Complots  Marseillois 
Carmagnoles.  On  the  palm  of  his  r.  hand  are  crossed  cannon:  Grosse 
Artilery ;  on  the  1.  a  tiny  Guilotine.  To  his  r.  hand  is  attached  by  a  string  a 
sabre :  Devein  [sic]  Droit  Sacre  de  Vhomme!  Eloquence!  Persuasion  Conviction. 
He  has  a  barbed  tail  inscribed  Propaganda  —  Universalite  de  V  Anarchic.  The 
hairy  body  is  covered  with  inscriptions,  the  most  prominent :  Jacobinisme, 
Terreurrisme.  Among  the  others  are :  Agents- Secrets  Agioteurs,  Anarchistes, 
Assassins  honores,  Atheistes,  Brigands  Couronnes,  Colporteurs,  Commissaires, 
Citoyens  Actifs,  Conspirateurs,  Coupetetes,  Defenseurs,  Democrates  Egorgeurs- 
brevetes,  Factionnaires,  Fourrageurs,  Fournisseurs,  Girondistes,  Intriguans, 
Juges  Jureurs,  La  Lanterne,  Marseillois,  Montagnards,  Muscadins,  Orlea- 
nistes.  The  legs  are  covered  with  repetitions  of  Assignats,  Mandats, 
Emprunts-Forces,  Contributions,  &c. 

On  the  1.  a  grinning  Devil  emerges  from  water  and  flames,  surrounded 

533 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

by  nine  heads,  decapitated  or  emerging  from  the  water.  They  are  not 
characterized,  but  words  issue  from  the  mouths  of  five;  these  include:  Oh 
tnon  Cousin  Louis,  pardonnez  mes  Forfaits  [Orleans,  see  No.  8292] ;  Je  suis 
Mort  le  I''  Avrilje  descendis  dansVEnfer  oil  ['Eloquence  nefait  rien[}  Danton, 
executed  6  Apr.] ;  En  Renoncant  a  mon  Dieu,  je  suis  devenu  Monstre!  —  ... 
[?  Condorcet].  Robespierre  is  presumably  one  of  the  nine.  Three  labels 
issue  from  the  mouth  of  the  Devil :  [i]  Onze  Licurgus  de  Paris ;  Firent  un 
Ouvrage  Metaphysique,  \  lis  saccoucherent  d'une  Souris;  Qui  rongera  la 
Repuhlique :  |  Les  Assignats  deja  manges,  \  Elle  rouge  encore  pour  badiner,  \ 
L  Archives  des  Milliards  des  Decrets!  Round  his  neck  is  looped  a  tricolour 
cord,  which  ascends  to  encircle  the  necks  of  the  five  Directors,  and  from 
which  a  loop  branches  to  the  r.  to  surround  the  neck  of  the  monster, 
inscribed  Raoul  Barhe-Bleu.  The  cord  is  Coalition  des  grandes  Hommes 
Contre  les  petits  Princes  Touiours  Deunis.  The  design  is  flanked  on  the  1. 
by  an  obelisk  inscribed  Monument ;  its  pendant  appears  to  have  been  cut 
off.   Above  the  title  stretches  a  ribbon  inscribed  Dedicated  to  Posterity. 

The  words  issuing  from  Talleyrand's  mouth  have  a  prominent  and 
central  place  in  the  design,  and  the  attack  on  the  foreign  policy  of  the 
Republic  (after  Fructidor,  cf.  No.  9031)  stands  out  among  the  complicated 
and  repetitive  invective  of  the  other  inscriptions.  For  the  profession  of 
Islamism  see  No.  9253,  &c.  The  design  is  unlike  that  of  English  satires 
and  is  probably  French. 
25!  X2o|  in.  (cropped). 

9350  AN  IRISH  HOWL. 
[Rowlandson.] 

Pu¥  March  J*'  lygg  by  J.  Whittle,  Peterborough  Court  Fleet  S*  for 
the  Anti  Jacobin  Review. 

Engraving.  PI.  from  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  ii.  233.'  On  the  extreme  r.  the 
Devil  holds  up  a  canvas,  le  Tableau  Parlant,  which  terrifies  twelve  Irishmen 
grouped  round  an  oblong  table.  In  their  alarm  the  heavy  table  has  been 
overturned,  some  are  on  the  ground,  others  (1.)  flee  in  terror.  The  Devil, 
who  looks  round  the  edge  of  his  picture,  wears  a  bonnet-rouge  inscribed 
Anarchy;  labels  hang  from  his  horn:  Blasph[emy]  and  Parracide.  He  says 
Stew  it  well — It  cannot  be  Overdone  for  you  and  me.  In  the  picture,  Irish 
Stew  I  A  Favourite  Dish  for  French  Palates,  two  French  soldiers  super- 
intend the  boiling  of  a  Revolutionary  Pot,  in  which  stand  three  naked 
Irishmen  shrieking  for  mercy;  one  says:  Liberty  of  being  Stewed;  the  other. 
Equality — all  to  be  stewed  en  Masse. 

Above  the  table  five  harpies  fly  off  with  a  tattered  cloth  inscribed  Map 
of  Ireland.  They  are  intended  for  the  Directors,  three  having  belts 
inscribed  Tallien  (not  a  Director),  Barras,  and  Le  Paux.  On  the  table 
is  a  paper,  United  Irishmen.  The  Irishmen  make  gestures  of  terror  or 
despair.  Most  look  at  the  picture,  one  looks  upwards,  saying:  Poor  Erin 
How  thourt  torn  to  pieces  by  these  five  Harpies.  A  fugitive  looks  round  to 
say  What  your  own  A.  O  Connor  too!  A  lawyer  ( ?  Curran) :  So  much  for 
Republicani[sm]  and  glorious  Independence!  No  Money!  No  Lawyer.  A  monk: 
By  S^  Patrick  a  complete  Catholic  Emancipation.  Three  others  say :  I  now  howl 
in  Vain — We  are  all  gone  to  Pot;  Brother  John  [Bull]  would  not  have  treated 
us  so — ;  "My  Merits  with  the  Republic  should  have  saved  me,  but  I  find  we 

'  Frontispiece  (coloured)  in  B.M.L.,  P.P.  3596,  where  the  binder  has  reversed 
the  places  of  it  and  No.  9345. 

534 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

must  all  stew  together  [he  is  perhaps  Grattan] ;  A  Radical  Reform  by  Jasus. 
Beside  the  last  speaker,  a  ragged  peasant,  Hes  a  bundle  of  pikes,  &c. 

For  France  and  Ireland  see  Nos.  9245,  9369,  &c. 

Grego,  Rozvlandson,  i.  362-3  (reproduction). 
9i6Xii|in. 

9350  A  A  copy  (coloured),  signed  C  St ke  is  pi.  N"  XIV  to  London 

und Paris,  iii,  1799.  Below  the  design  :for  the  Antijacohin  Review.  Explana- 
tory text,  pp.  80-5. 

6ix8Jin.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9351  PEEP  OF  DAY  BOY'S  PREVENTING  AN  UNION  BY  ADD- 
ING FIRE  TO  THE  SUN!!!  AN  IRISH  METHOD  OF  THROWING 
COLD  WATER  ON  A  SUBJECT. 

[I  Cruikshank.] 

Pub:  by  S  W  Fores.  50  Piccadilly  March  2  ijgg  Folios  of  Caricatures 
Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  mob  of  Irishmen  runs  off  with  a  large 
sun ;  they  hold  the  spiky  rays  which  radiate,  together  with  flames,  from  a 
disk  containing  the  features  of  Pitt.  One  man  (1.),  flourishing  a  hatchet, 
holds  a  firebrand  to  a  pile  of  logs ;  he  says :  Huzza  Erin  go  brach  now  we 
have  made  bon  fires  for  something  aye,  aye  we'll  put  out  their  rush  light.  The 
mob,  with  pikes,  axes,  &c.,  bear  the  sun  towards  the  bonfire.  Three  of  the 
men  say:  By  the  Holy  Proker  they  are  all  in  Darkshine  now.  By  Shaint 
Patrick  when  we  have  Put  out  this  jontlemans  we  shall  bring  the  Moon  into 
general  Use ;  Arrah  my  boys  down  with  their  Day  lights  &  then  we  shall  have 
Night  all  Day  long.  In  the  background  is  the  Irish  Channel  bordered  by 
a  cliff  inscribed  Holy  Head.   On  this  stands  Fox,  cheering  on  the  mob. 

The  Peep  of  Day  Boys,  Ulster  Protestants,  had  been  in  conflict  with 
Catholics  for  many  years  before  1796,  when  the  contest  became  political 
and  acute.  Lecky,  Hist,  of  England,  1890,  vii.  191 ;  G.  C.  Lewis,  Local 
Disturbances  in  Ireland,  1836,  pp.  36  f.  For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c. 
8/eXi3iin. 

9352  SIEGE  DE  LA  COLONNE  DE  POMP^E— SCIENCE  IN  THE 
PILLORY. 

Etched  by  J^  Gillray,  from  the  Original  Intercepted  Drawing. 
London,  Published  March  6'*  1799.  by  H.  Humphrey,  2y  S^  James's 
Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Turks  and  Bedouins 
besiege  the  base  of  a  tall  Corinthian  column,  on  which  is  a  group  of 
terrified  French  savants.  They  have  lit  a  fire  at  the  base  of  the  column 
whose  smoke  ascends  in  an  expanding  cloud;  other  Arabs  advance  with 
sheaves  of  reeds  to  feed  the  flames.  On  the  small  platform  eight  French- 
men are  crowded  together ;  one,  with  wings  attached  to  his  shoulders  and 
arms,  steps  into  the  void,  stretching  out  his  arms  to  a  balloon,  already 
wrecked  by  musket-fire.  Their  commander  (probably  Bonaparte),  who 
wears  a  large  plumed  cocked  hat  and  an  order,  shouts  to  the  besiegers, 
holding  up  a  placard  Vive  Mahomet  Qui  protegoit  les  Sciences.  A  man 
kneeling  beside  him  clasps  him  in  terror;  from  his  pocket  issues  a  paper: 
Projet  pour  Bruler  la  Mecque.   A  stout  man  (1.)  is  about  to  hurl  down  a 

535 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

( ?  celestial)  globe  and  a  scientific  instrument ;  another  prepares  to  fling 
a  large  book:  Le  Ciel  Revolutionne  ou  les  Constellations  Sans-culottises.  A 
lean  fanatic  is  about  to  commit  suicide:  he  holds  up  a  bottle  labelled  Tone, 
and  clasps  another  labelled  Louvet  Opium ;  in  his  belt  are  weapons  inscribed 
Romme  and  Roland  (all  of  whom  but  ( ?)  Louvet  killed  themselves).  A 
terrified  face  bites  a  book  inscribed  Savary.  A  thin  scholar  (r.)  wearing 
a  skull-cap  is  perhaps  Monge.  A  ninth  man  falls  from  the  summit  (1.); 
from  his  pocket  issues  a  paper:  Projet  pour  rendre  les  Hommes  Immortels. 
A  stork  (1.)  flies  upwards  from  the  column.  Two  scientific  instruments 
(one  electric)  and  six  books  fall  from  the  column:  Ebauche  d'un  Systeme 
de  Legislation  pour  une  Colonie  d  Anthropophages  [cf.  No.  9356] ;  Traite  sur 
la  Guillotine  par  un  Theophilanthrope ;  Sur  h  Reedification  de  la  Tour  de 
Babel;  Encyclopedic  Edit:  de  Paris  Vol:  LX. ;  Tableau  de  Logarithms.  The 
lowest,  Projet  de  Fraternisation  avec  les  Bedouins,  hits  a  Bedouin  and  strikes 
him  to  the  ground.  On  the  ground  is  Le  Contrat  Social.  The  besiegers 
fire  at  the  Frenchmen  or  hold  up  their  spears  waiting  for  them  to  fall.  One 
fires  at  an  exploding  balloon  (r.),  La  Diligence  d'Abissynie  (cf.  No.  9403), 
from  which  the  (tricolour)  boat  has  already  fallen.  One  of  the  occupants 
falls  head  first  towards  the  spears  below ;  another  descends  by  a  parachute 
which  has  been  traversed  by  the  shot  at  the  balloon ;  he  is  about  to  be 
transfixed  by  an  arrow.  Falling  books  are  Les  Ruines  par  le  Cit:  Volney ; 
Traite  sur  la  Velocite  des  Corps  Descendans;  and  Theorie  de  l' Aerostation. 

In  the  foreground  r.  two  fat  Turks  sit  impassively  back  to  back  on  a  camel 
which  gazes  upwards;  they  are  confident  and  incurious;  one  smokes 
reflectively.  Arabs  and  Africans  are  in  violent  motion,  some  firing,  others 
with  spears.  Behind  (1.)  men  gallop  up  on  asses.  A  man  (1.)  looks  up 
through  the  wrong  end  of  a  telescope.  In  the  background  are  pyramids. 
Below  the  title,  in  four  columns : 

It  appears  by  an  Intercepted  Letter  from  General  Kleber,  dated  "Alex- 
andria, 5  Frimaire,  7'*  Year  of  the  Republic'^  [27  Nov.  1798],  that,  when 
his  Garrison  was  obliged  to  retire  into  the  New-Town  at  the  approach  of  the 
Turkish  Army  under  the  Pasha  of  Rhodes,  a  party  of  the  Scavans,  who  had 
ascended  Pompey's  Pillar  for  Scientific  Purposes  were  cut  off  by  a  Band  of 
Bedouin  Arabs,  who  having  made  a  large  Pile  of  Straw  and  dry  Reeds  at  the 
foot  of  the  Pillar,  set  Fire  to  it,  and  rendered  unavailing  the  gallant  Defence 
of  the  learned  Garrison,  of  whose  Catastrophe  the  above  Design  is  intended  to 
convey  an  idea. — 

To  study  Alexandrians  store 

Of  Science,  Amru  deemed  a  bore; 

And,  briefly,  set  it  burning. 
The  Man  was  Ignorant,  'tis  true. 
So  sought  one  comprehensive  view 

Of  the  Light  shed  by  Learning, 
Your  modern  Arabs,  grown  more  wise, 
French  vagrant  Science  duly  prize; 

They've  fairly  bit  the  biters. 
They've  learnt  the  style  of  Hebert's  Jokes; 
Amru  to  Books  confin'd  his  Hoax; 

These  Bedouins  roast  the  Writers. 

For  the  'intercepted  letters'  see  No.  9355,  &c.  The  burlesque  character 
of  the  print  is  stressed  by  the  dating  of  the  'letter':  the  authentic  ones 
were  from  July  to  Sept.    Nevertheless,  considerable  knowledge  of  the 

536 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1799 

'Commission  des  Arts  et  des  Sciences'  is  suggested.  The  savants  pre- 
sumably include  Monge  (indicated  by  the  Logarithms)  and  BerthoUet,  see 
Charles-Roux,  Bonaparte,  Gouverneur  d'Egypte,  Paris,  1935,  passim.  One 
(JoUois)  actually  described  the  savants  measuring  Pompey's  Column  and 
suffering  from  thirst  and  hunger  as  'un  beau  sujet  de  caricature'.  Ibid., 
p.  131.  One  of  the  two  companies  of  'aerostatiers'  went  with  the  expedi- 
tion to  Egypt,  but  the  equipment  was  lost  at  the  Battle  of  the  Nile.  It 
cannot  have  been  known  to  Gillray  that  of  its  two  officers,  Conte  and 
Contelle,  the  latter  went  to  explore  Ethiopia  and  Abyssinia  (Bruel,  Hist, 
aironautique,  1909,  p.  28),  or  that  Bonaparte  had  (cynically)  proposed  to 
Lepeaux,  as  an  inducement  to  favour  the  expedition,  the  spreading  of 
Theophilanthropie  (see  No.  9240)  in  Egypt  (Rose,  Napoleon,  1934,  pp.  178- 
9).  Equally  apt  is  the  allusion  to  Volney's  Ruines,  which  contained  the 
theory  that  France  ought  to  acquire  Egypt  (see  A.  Fournier,  Napoleon  I, 
191 1,  i.  132  (cf.  No.  9278)).  Volney  and  (later)  Monge  are  believed  to  have 
aroused  Bonaparte's  desire  for  the  Eastern  expedition.  Rose,  op.  cit., 
p.  182.  There  was  a  complaint  that  Savary  [in  his  Lettres  sur  V^gypte  . . ., 
1785]  *a  trompe  sur  I'figypte'.  Copies  of  Original  Letters  .  .  .,  ii.  32.  The 
allusion  to  Hebert's  jokes  is  to  the  gross  and  savage  jests  of  his  Pere 
Duchesne. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  256  (reproduction).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  220. 
Broadley,  i.  126.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
I9|xi6^in. 

9353  POOR  CHARLEY  AND  THE  INCOME  TAX  GATHERER. 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  Street  March  icf^  lygg 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  9354.  Fox 
stands,  his  shoulders  shrugged,  fingers  spread  deprecatingly,  looking  side- 
ways at  Pitt  (r.),  who  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  holding  out  a  book  to  Fox. 
Under  Pitt's  1.  arm  is  a  larger  book;  he  says:  Come,  Sir,  give  a  particular 
account  of  your  property!  I  know  you  have  plenty  of  money — Kiss  the  book. 
Fox,  who  has  a  Jewish  appearance,  answers:  Indeed  I  am  as  poor  a  man  as 
any  in  England.  I  was  set  upon  my  legs  by  Subscription,  Heaven  bless  the 
Donors!  My  principal  food  has  been  Norfolk  Dumplins  the  last  five  years! 
A  few  sticks  at  S^  Anne's  Hill  is  all  I  possess. — Dont  make  me  swear,  I  will 
not  swear. 

For  the  Income  Tax  see  No.  9363,  &c.   For  the  subscription  for  Fox 
see  No.  8331,  &c. ;  the  bounty  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  appears  to  be 
alluded  to. 
iifx8fin. 

9354  MORE  EXPERIMENTS  ON  JOHN  BULL!!! 

London  Pub^  by  Holland  N  50  Oxford  Street  March  id^  1799- 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  9353.  John 
Bull,  large  and  stout,  stands  between  Pitt  (r.)  and  Dundas  (1.),  who  are 
much  slighter  and  rather  shorter.  Pitt,  his  hands  plunged  in  John's 
pockets,  looks  at  him,  saying,  with  an  anxious  expression:  By  my  new 
scheme  I  shall  be  able  to  ascertain  every  farthing  in  your  pockets.  John  looks 
angrily  at  Pitt,  saying :  Lord  Love  your  heart,  I  have  only  the  price  of  a  pint 
of  beer  my  Wife  gave  me  leaving  home:  she  keeps  my  little  stock.  I'll  tell  you 
what  if  you  grope  her  in  this  manner  she'll  give  you  a  nice  douce  in  the  chops 

537 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

for  your  pains.  Dundas,  dressed  in  tartan,  quietly  takes  a  purse  from  John's 
breeches  pocket,  saying,  Be  quiet  mon,  it  will  make  you  as  light  and  airy  as 
the  down  of  a  Scotch  Thistle!  For  the  Income  Tax  see  No.  9363,  &c. 
ii|x8|  in, 

9355  EGYPTIAN  I  SKETCHES, 
y^  Gtllrayfec* 

London  Published  March  12"'  1799  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  2y  S^  James s 
Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Emblematical  frontispiece  to  a  set  of 
six  prints  on  the  Expedition  to  Egypt,  see  Nos.  9356-61.  Two  sphinxes, 
back  to  back  on  a  stone  slab  (on  which  are  the  signature  and  imprint), 
support  a  stone  ornament  inscribed  with  the  title,  followed  by:  extracted 
from  the  Portfolio  of  an  ingenious  young  Artist,  attached  to  the  Institut 
National  at  Cairo,  which  zuas  found  on  board  a  Tartane  intercepted  on  its 

Voyage  to  Marseilles The  Situations  in  which  the  Artist  occasionally 

represents  his  Countrymen  are  a  sufficient  proof  of  an  Impartiality  and 
Fidelity,  which  cannot  be  too  much  commended; — indeed,  we  must  suspect  that 
his  view  of  the  flagitious  absurdities  of  his  Countrymen  in  Egypt,  is  nearly 
similar  to  ours,  and  that  he  took  this  method  of  pourtraying  them,  under  the 
seal  of  confidence  to  his  Correspondent  at  Paris. 

The  sphinxes  wear  cocked  hats  with  tricolour  cockades,  and  have  rapa- 
cious claws.  Behind  the  inscription  is  a  pyramid  up  which  climbs  an  ape 
dressed  as  a  (ragged)  French  officer  holding  up  a  large  bonnet-rouge  (such 
as  was  then  carried  on  the  masts  of  French  men-of-war)  in  order  to  place 
it  on  the  apex.  In  his  sash  is  a  blood-stained  dagger.  A  nude  man,  sym- 
bolizing Folly,  wearing  a  fool's  cap,  clutches  his  coat-tail,  holding  up  a  cap 
and  bells,  the  cap  on  an  ass's  head.  Large  clouds,  and  a  line  of  desert 
with  pyramids  on  the  horizon,  form  a  background. 

Copies  of  original  letters  from  the  Army  of  Getieral  Bonapart  in  Egypt 
intercepted  by  the  Fleet,  showing  the  discontent  of  the  officers,  were  pub- 
lished in  1798,  a  second  set  in  1799,  a  third  in  1800.  ^&q  Journal  of  Lady 
Holland,  1908,  i.  200.  They  had  a  wide  circulation,  French  and  German 
editions  were  published,  and  they  are  still  an  important  authority  for  the 
Egyptian  campaigns.  Whitbread  complained,  13  Feb.  1800,  of  the  publica- 
tion as  intended  to  prejudice  the  country  against  Bonaparte  and  against 
peace.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  1256.  See  also  Nos.  9352,  9362.  For  the  third 
series  see  No.  9523. 

Grego,  Gz/Zray,  p.  256.  WrightandEvans,  No.  221.  Reprinted,  G.PF.G., 
1830.    Listed  by  Broadley. 
9fxi3iin. 

9356  "L'INSURRECTION  DE  L'INSTITUT  AMPHIBIE."— THE 
PURSUIT  OF  KNOWLEDGE. 

Etched  by  J^  Gillray,  from  the  Original  Intercepted  Drawing. 
Pu¥  March  12^'^  I799-  by  H.  Humphrey  S^  James  s  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  Frenchmen,  who  have  been 
attempting  to  domesticate  the  crocodile,  are  seized  by  the  angry  beasts. 
A  monster  seizes  in  its  jaws  the  leg  of  the  man  who  has  attempted  to  ride 
it ;  the  man  clasps  halter  and  whip,  his  saddle  lies  on  the  ground  together 
with  a  large  book,  Sur  V Education  du  Crocodile,  beside  which  are  three 

538 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

plates:  Planche  i^\  a  Frenchman  rides  a  crocodile;  PI:  2^',  a  Frenchman 
drives  a  high  phaeton  drawn  by  a  pair  of  crocodiles ;  PI:  3*"',  a  small  boat 
is  drawn  through  the  water  by  a  crocodile.  In  the  middle  distance  (r.)  a 
crocodile  seizes  the  coat  of  a  terrified  man,  who  drops  a  book:  Les  Droits 
du  Crocodile  (cf.  No.  9352).  A  third  crocodile  (1.)  with  hungry  jaws  climbs 
from  the  reeds  fringing  the  river. 

See  No.  9355,  &c.   A  satire  on  Bonaparte's  Institut  d'£gypte  (installed 
in  Cairo  23  Aug.  1798). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  256.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  222.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Charles-Roux,  Bonaparte,  Gouverneur  d'^gypte,  Paris, 
1935,  p.  176.    Listed  by  Broadley. 
9|xi3f  in. 

9356  A  A  copy:  Etched  by  P  Gillray  from  the  Original  Intercepted  Draw- 
ing, is  pi.  A^"  XI  to  London  und  Paris,  iii,  1799.  Explanatory  text,  pp.  350-8. 
6-1  X  8|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9357  "L'INFANTERIE  FRANCAISE  EN  EGYPTE."—LE  GENERAL 
L'ASNE  CONVERTED  TO  IBRAHIM  BEY» 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Rows  of  French  soldiers  (1.)  do  infantry 
drill  with  muskets  seated  on  the  backs  of  sorry  asses  (cf.  No.  9361),  with 
no  harness  but  rope  halters.  The  man  in  the  foreground  (the  others  being 
concealed  by  the  closeness  of  the  ranks),  though  smart,  is  ragged,  his  foot 
projecting  through  the  boot.  Their  officer  (r.),  with  raised  sword,  gives 
the  word  of  command  seated  on  an  ass  which  brays  with  outstretched  neck 
at  the  other  asses.  He  has  a  saddle  and  his  ass  is  in  slightly  better  con- 
dition.  Clouds  form  a  background.   See  No.  9355,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  256.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  223.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.    Listed  by  Broadley. 
9f  X  14  in. 

9358  'TRAETOR-URBANUS;"— INAUGURATION  OF  THE 
COPTIC  MAYOR  OF  CAIRO,  PRECEDED  BY  THE  PROCUREUR 
DE  LA  COMMUNE.' 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  grotesque,  obese,  and  negroid  Copt, 
holding  a  mace  or  staff,  rides  (r.  to  1.)  an  ass  which,  though  led  procession- 
ally  by  a  Copt,  proceeds  on  account  of  the  bayonet  with  which  a  grinning 
French  soldier  stabs  its  hind  quarters.  The  'Mayor'  wears  a  French  mili- 
tary coat  and  breeches,  with  a  tricolour  scarf  and  cocked  hat  with  large 
tricolour  plumes.  He  is  otherwise  naked,  and  a  heavy  chain  of  beads  hangs 
from  his  ear.  The  'Procureur'  is  naked  except  for  a  cocked  hat  and 
tricolour  scarf;  he  carries  a  (?)  goad  as  a  staff  of  office.  Behind  his  ear 
is  a  pen. 

See  No.  9355,  &c.  The  print  seems  to  illustrate  a  passage  in  the  Intro- 
duction (p.  x)  to  the  second  series  of  Letters:  Bonaparte  (in  Cairo)  'selects 
a  few  poor  wretches  from  the  dregs  of  the  populace,  cloaths  them  in  tri- 
co loured  scarfs,  dignifies  them  with  the  name  of  Cheiks  and  Agas  .  .  .', 
although  such  'Coptic  scribes  and  Jew  pedlars  have  been  for  ages  in 
Egypt  objects  of  contempt  and  odium'.  Bonaparte  established  Egyptian 
notables  as  a  'Divan  general  de  I'j^gypte'  (with  local  'Divans'  at  Cairo 
and  elsewhere),  with  president,  secretary,  &c.  Charles-Roux,  Bonaparte, 
*  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  9356. 

539 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Gouvemeur  d^^gypte,  1935,  pp.  188-90.  Cf.  a  print  (reproduced  ibid., 
p.  112)  of  Napoleon  giving  the  tricolour  scarf  to  a  Bey  of  Egypt.  See  also 
No.  9362,  a  copy. 

Grego,  Gillrayy  pp.  256-7.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  224.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830.   Reproduced,  Charles-Roux,  op.  cit.,  p.  96. 
9|Xi4|in. 

9359  TH^OLOGIE  A  LA  TURQUE.— THE  PALE  OF  THE 
CHURCH  OF  MAHOMET.^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  terrified  French  civilian  is  about  to 
be  impaled  on  a  spike  planted  in  the  desert.  He  is  carried  by  two  Turks, 
in  a  sitting  posture,  one  supporting  his  legs,  and  clasps  in  the  1.  hand  a 
paper:  Le  Prophete  detnasque,  while  in  the  r.  is  raised  a  large  volume: 
L  Imposture  de  Mahomet.  A  Mohammedan  priest  follows  the  group,  declaim- 
ing from  his  open  ALKORAN.  A  stout  Turk  with  a  long  spear  stands  (1.) 
facing  the  victim  and  directing  operations.  In  the  background  is  a  French- 
man holding  on  his  head  a  large  turban,  his  discarded  hat  lying  on  the 
ground.  He  looks  over  his  shoulder  with  a  grin  at  the  impending  execution. 

See  No.  9355,  &c.  A  satire  on  Bonaparte's  proclamation  to  the  Egyptians 
(see  No.  9253,  &c.),  a  copy  of  which  was  appended  to  the  Intercepted  Letters. 
The  atrocities  of  the  'barbares'  on  their  prisoners  are  related  in  Copies  of 
Original  Letters  .  .  .,  ii.  45-6.   See  also  No.  9362,  a  copy. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  257.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  225.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Charles-Roux,  Bonaparte,  Gouvemeur  d'Mgypte,  193 1, 
p.  96. 
9|Xi3|m. 

9360  "MAMLOUK,  ET  HUSSARD  REPUBLI CAIN. "—GENERAL 
RESULT  OF  BUONAPARTES  ATTACK  UPON  IBRAHIM  BEY'S 
REAR  GUARD.' 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  French  hussar  on  a  sorry  horse  flees 
before  a  well-mounted  Mameluke  (cf.  No.  9272),  with  a  sabre  in  each 
hand,  who  rides  him  down.  The  Frenchman  (1.)  turns  in  his  saddle  to 
hold  out  defensively  a  sabre  whose  blade  is  inscribed  Vaincre  ou  Courir; 
he  spurs  his  horse  viciously.  His  enemy  rides  in  heel-less  slippers,  one 
rein  in  his  teeth,  the  other  on  the  horse's  neck,  two  pistols  on  cords  fly 
out  behind  him.  The  expressions  of  the  horses  reflect  those  of  their 
masters:  abject  terror  and  fierce  confidence. 

See  No.  9355,  &c.  The  print  probably  satirizes  a  passage  from  a  letter 
on  the  retreat  of  Ibrahim  Bey  from  Cairo  to  Syria:  'on  I'a  poursuivi  inutile- 
ment;  on  a  neanmoins  atteint  son  arriere-garde,  qui  s'est  superieurement 
battu,  et  qui  ne  s'est  pas  laisse  entamer,  de  sorte  qu'on  I'a  laisse  continuer 
tranquillement  sa  route.'   Copies  of  Original  Letters  .  .  .,  Part  ii,  p.  180. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  257.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  226.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.    Listed  by  Broadley. 
9|Xi4|in. 

9361  ''TIRAILLEUR  FRANCAIS,  ET  CHEVAU  LEGER  DE 
L'ARMfiE  DU  PACHA  DE  RHODES."— EVOLUTIONS  OF 
FRENCH  MOUNTED  RIFLEMEN.' 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    A  magnificently  mounted  Turk  (r.) 

raises  his  spear  to  transfix  a  ragged  French  soldier  who  is  about  to  be 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  9356. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

thrown  by  the  donkey  (cf.  No.  9357)  whose  ear  he  clutches.  The  French- 
man's musket  is  awkwardly  held  and  goes  off  innocuously;  defence  is 
impossible.  See  No.  9355,  &c. 

Grego,  Gt/Zroy,  p.  258.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  227.  Reprinted,  G.W^.G., 
1830. 
9|Xi3|in. 

9362  THEOLOGIE  A  LA  TURQUE  AND  A  PEEP  OF  THE  COPTIC 
MAYOR  OF  CAIRO,  PRECEDED  BY  THE  PROCUREUR  DE  LA 
COMMUNE.     N"  XII 

Etched  from  the  Original  intercepted  Drazving 

Engraving.  PI.  to  London  und  Paris,  iii,  1799.  Explanatory  text,  pp.  359-61. 
A  copy  of  Nos.  9358  and  9359,  with  alterations,  the  latter  relegated  to  the 
middle  distance.  The  soldier  with  the  bayonet  in  No.  9358  is  omitted,  and 
a  massive  Roman  archway  with  a  Corinthian  pillar,  set  in  a  ruinous  wall, 
has  been  added,  to  represent  the  gate  of  Cairo.  From  this  the  ass  is 
emerging. 

The  figures  on  the  1.  in  No.  9359,  the  Turk  with  the  spear  and  the 
victim,  are  closer  together,  and  the  French  convert  has  been  moved  to  the 
extreme  1.   For  the  combination  of  two  plates  cf.  (e.g.)  No.  8996  a. 
6^  X  8|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9363  JOHN  BULL  AT  HIS  STUDIES.  ATTENDED  BY  HIS 
GUARDIAN  ANGELL.» 

Pu¥  March  13^  [1799]  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Carraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  John  Bull,  obese  and 
gaitered,  sits  beside  a  table  gaping  at  an  enormous  document,  the  bulky 
rolled  end  of  which  rests  on  the  floor.  He  scratches  his  head,  saying :  /  have 
read  many  crabbed  things  in  the  course  of  my  time — but  this  for  an  easy  piece 
of  Business  is  the  toughest  to  understand  I  ever  met  with.  Pitt  (r.),  with  wings 
and  playing  an  Irish  harp  (see  No.  9284,  &c.),  leans  towards  him  from 
clouds,  saying: 

"Cease  rude  Boreas  blustering  railer, 
Trust  your  Fortunes  care  to  me. 

The  document  is  headed :  Tax  upon  Income  a  Plain  Short  and  easy  description 
of  the  Different  Clauses  in  the  Income  Tax  so  as  to  Render  it  familiar  to  the 
Meanest  Capacity.  Clause  J*',  Clause  2**,  &c.,  follow;  the  text  is  indicated 
only,  except  for  the  notes:  NB  for  a  further  explanation  see  Clause  701 ; 
NB  this  Clause  will  be  better  understood  by  reading  clause  2053;  NB  this 
clause  has  no  connection  with  clause  goy^;  see  Clause  ggg. 

On  John's  table  (r.)  are  bulky  volumes:  Journal,  Day  Book,  and  Ledger, 
with  a  paper:  The  sweet  little  Cherub  that  sits  up  aloft  to  keep  watch  for  the 
Life  [erased  and  replaced  by]  Purse  of  poor  Jack.  (Cf.  No.  7677.) 

The  Act,  39  Geo.  Ill,  c.  13,  with  three  unimportant  amending  acts  in 
Mar.,  May,  and  July,  was  very  elaborate;  each  increment  of  ^5  above 
;£6o  a  year  involved  a  different  rate,  varying  from  j^gth  to  the  full  rate  of 
3^th,  which  was  paid  on  ^^200  a  year  and  upwards.  The  clauses  relating 
to  deductions  (for  debts,  children,  life  insurance,  repairs)  were  also  com- 
plicated. It  was  denounced  as  inquisitorial.  The  famous  budget  speech, 
3  Dec.  1798,  summarized  the  scheme,  a  result  of  the  failure  of  the  tripling 
*  Attributed  to  Gillray  by  Grego  (p.  255). 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

of  the  assessed  taxes  (see  No.  9043)  and  of  a  desire  to  meet  the  year's 
expenses  without  loans  and  to  inspire  other  nations  to  similar  exertions. 
It  became  law  on  9  Jan.,  to  come  into  operation  on  5  Apr.  See  Pari.  Hist. 
xxxiv.  I  ff. ;  Ann.  Reg.,  1799,  pp.  1841!.;  Dowell,  Hist,  of  Taxation,  1888, 
iii.  92  ff.;  Seligman,  The  Income  Tax,  1914,  pp.  72-89.  See  Nos.  8620  A 
(1800),  9280,  9281,  9282,  9283,  9337,  9338,  9344,  9353,  9354,  9366,  9367, 
9391,  9400,  9518,  9520,  9544. 

The  print  is  described  by  Dowell,  op.  cit.  ii.  326,  and  Seligman,  op.  cit., 
p.  78. 
i2fX9|m. 

9363  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N°  XUI  to  London  und  Paris,  vi,  1800. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  74-80. 

8j3g X  6|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9364  JOHN  BULL  LEARNING  A  NEW  MOVEMENT  AGAINST 
THE  NEXT  CAMPAIGN. 

[?  Sansom] 

Pub  March  21.  lygg  by  S.W.  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly    Folio's  of 
Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull  (1.)  capers  clumsily  to  a  tune 
played  by  Pitt,  Dundas,  and  two  others.  He  has  a  drink-bloated  profile, 
wears  a  round  hat  and  old-fashioned  buckled  shoes.  He  says:  Lord  love 
ye  my  good  Masters — do  give  us  something  new — I  he  tired  of  all  the  old  Jigs — 
/  knows  the  March  to  Paris  by  heart, — and  as  for  Indemnity  for  the  Past,  and 
Security  for  the  future,  they  are  as  easy  to  me  as  my  A-B-C — /  want  some- 
thing stilish,  and  grand.  Pitt,  seated,  plays  a  large  'cello  incorrectly  drawn 
and  having  a  rose  under  the  strings  which  suggests  the  viol  da  gamba. 
He  looks  up  at  John  Bull  jauntily,  saying,  I  will  endeavour  to  please  you 
if  I  can,  what  do  you  think  of  this — it  is  a  grand  serious-movement  called  the 
Deliverance  of  Europe  or  Union  with  Ireland.  Dundas  (r.),  wearing  kilt  and 
feathered  bonnet  with  legal  wig  and  bands,  stands  in  profile  to  the  1., 
impassively  playing  the  bagpipes.  Two  background  figures  dejectedly  play 
wind-instruments ;  one  is  probably  Grenville. 

For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c.  The  march  to  Paris  is  a  gibe  at  a  speech 
by  Hawkesbury  in  1794,  cf.  No.  8826,  &c.    For  'indemnity  and  security' 
see  No.  9195. 
8i|xi3|in. 

9364  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N°  V  to  London  und  Paris^  v,  1800. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  157-60. 

6i  X  ^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9365  THE  IRISH  BULL  BROKE  LOOSE. 

[  ?  I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  March  26  lygg  by  J  Aitken  Castle  S^  Leicester  Sq'' 

Engraving.  A  snorting  bull,  having  tossed  Pitt,  who  drops  his  union  bill, 
is  charging  Dundas,  who  runs  off.  Pitt  says:  I  do  not  like  thees  Irish 
butts  [sic]  If  I  can  Get  them  once  in  my  Clutches  I'll  Teach  Erin  go  Brack. 
Dundas  says :  Oh  Billy  Oh  Billy  this  is  mad  work  there  is  no  Governing  theese 
wild  [word  erased]  but  Pat  shall  pay  for  this  Irish  Howie  is  he  coming  I  am 
all  of  a  tremble  &  wish  he  would  not  give  me  so  mulch  [sic]  of  his  Irish  Brogue. 

542 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

Both  wear  top-boots,  suggesting  they  have  been  riding  the  bull.  The  words 
No  Union  Erin  go  brack  issue  from  the  animal.  In  the  background  (r.) 
members  of  the  Opposition,  a  small  group,  cheer  on  the  bull,  shouting. 
Go  it  my  Boy,  Fox  is  the  most  prominent,  Sheridan  holds  a  spear,  a  third 
may  be  Grey,  others  are  indicated. 

Sheridan  led  the  Opposition  to  the  Union  in  the  Commons.  Grey  left 
his  retirement  to  speak  against  it.  Fox,  who  opposed  it  privately  and  in 
the  Whig  Club,  remained  at  St.  Ann's  Hill.  Tierney  spoke,  but  not 
effectively.  See  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  208  ff.  (22  Jan.) ;  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great 
War,  191 1,  p.  413.  For  Ireland  as  a  bull  cf.  No.  9346.  For  the  Union  see 
No.  9284,  &c. 
9Xi3|in. 

9366  A  WEEKS  AMUSEMENT  FOR  JOHN  BULL. 
[PAnsell.] 

Pu¥  March  27'*  lygg  by  S  W  Fores  30  Piccadilly.  Folios  of  Caraca- 

tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (1.),  tall  and  thin,  holds  out  a  large 
scroll  to  John  Bull,  a  countryman  in  top-boots.  He  says:  There  Master 
John,  we'll  endeavour  to  furnish  you  with  afresh  Bill  of  fare  next  week.  The 
scroll,  the  rolled  end  of  which  rests  on  the  floor,  is  inscribed :  Hamburgh 
Mails.  I  News  from  Paris.  \  German  Gazzettes.  \  Report  \  of  secret  Committe.  \ 
Income  Tax  \  Race  |  between  \  Diamond,  &  \  Hambletonian,  \  at  \  New- 
market. I  Deliverance  of  Europe.  I  News  from  Egypt.  \  bitto  [sic]  |  from  Ire- 
land. I  Important  \  Intelligence,  \  from  \  The  East  Indies.  John  points  to 
'Diamond',  saying.  Dang  it  Measter — let  times  go  how  they  will — /  must 
have  a  bet  on  one  of  them  Horses. 

A  satire  on  the  intense  interest,  at  a  time  of  national  crisis,  in  a  match 
for  ;(^3,ooo  on  25  Mar.  at  Newmarket  between  Hambletonian  (b.  1792, 
Highflyer  Mare  by  King  Fergus)  and  Diamond  (b.  1792,  Matcham  Mare 
by  Highflyer),  owners  Sir  H.  Vane  Tempest  and  Mr.  Cookson.  This  was 
expected  'to  form  a  new  era  on  the  turf.  Hambletonian  won  by  half  a  neck. 
Lond.  Chron.,  25  and  26  Mar.;  Stud  Book,  1802.  The  chief  public 
sources  of  Continental  news  were  the  Hamburg  Mails  and  the  French 
newspapers ;  the  news  eagerly  awaited  was  of  the  war  between  Austria  and 
France,  Francis  II  having  made  his  long-awaited  declaration  of  war  on 
12  Mar.;  after  some  success  on  the  Upper  Inn  the  French  were  defeated 
at  Stockach  (25  Mar.).  Lond.  Chron.,  Mar,,  passim.  The  news  from 
India  was  that  open  hostilities  with  Tipu  Sahib  were  inevitable.  Ibid., 
9  Mar.  For  the  Income  Tax  see  No.  9363,  &c. ;  for  the  Report  of  the 
Secret  Committee,  No.  9369.  Besides  the  anxieties  over  the  Union  (see 
No.  9284,  &c.)  another  Irish  rising  with  French  support  was  feared.  Ibid., 
1 6th  Mar.;  Cornwallis  Corr.  iii.  76,  77,  81.  Movements  at  Brest  were 
anxiously  watched.  Corr.  of  Lord  Castlereagh,  ii,  passim. 
9|Xiof  in. 

9367  MUTUAL  CONFIDENCE  IN  THE  YEAR  1799. 
[PAnsell.] 

[Fores,  i  Apr.  1799."]  Folios  of  Carricatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.    A  jovial  citizen  leaning  on  his  tall  cane  in  profile  to  the  r. 

addresses  another,  who  walks  off  to  the  r.,  turning  his  head  to  scowl  at  his 

*  Imprint  obliterated.   Supplied  from  A.  de  R.  vi.  136. 

543 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

interlocutor.  The  former  says :  How  do  you  do  my  Old  Friend — pretty  warm 
by  this  time  I  suppose, — a  long  time  in  business. — how  much  might  you  clear 
now  in  the  course  of  last  Year?  The  other  answers :  Whats  that  to  you — 
shant  tell — keep  no  books,  what  you  want  to  come  the  Inquisition  rig  I  suppose, 

an  be  d d  to  you!  He  is  obese  and  is  stuffing  a  Banke\rs\  Book  iy[gS\ 

into  his  coat-pocket.  His  dog  Surly  looks  round  with  contempt  at  the  first 
speaker,  and  befouls  his  cane. 

A  satire  on  the  income  tax,  see  No.  9363,  &c, ;  its  inquisitorial  character 
was  much  objected  to. 
ioi|x9f  in. 

9368  THE  CHILDREN  OF  ERIN  SEEKING  PROTECTION  FROM 
THEIR  FOSTER  FATHER  [i  Apr.  1799] 

Engraving.  PI.  to  Hibernian  Magazine,  1799,  i.  137.  Foster,  in  his 
Speaker's  robes,  tall  and  handsome,  stands  (r.)  gazing  benignly  into  space, 
a  hand  on  the  heads  of  two  kneeling  youths.  Behind  (1.)  stands  Erin,  in 
classical  draperies  with  plumed  helmet,  spear,  and  harp,  at  the  head  of  files 
of  children  receding  in  perspective. 

Foster  was  the  chief  opponent  of  the  Union  (see  No.  9284,  &c.)  in  the 
Irish  House  of  Commons,  see  No.  9346.  His  great  speech  was  made  on 
nth  Apr.  He  was  an  opponent  of  Catholic  Emancipation,  and  had 
previously  supported  the  Government.  Pitt  said  in  1801  that  'Foster 
had  broken  faith  with  him  upon  the  Union;  not  by  opposing  it  (for  he 
had  always  professed  his  objections  to  it),  but  by  taking  a  lead  against  it, 
which  he  had  distinctly  promised  not  to  do'.  Diary  of  Lord  Colchester,  i86i, 
i.  269.  See  also  No.  9531. 
6|  X  7f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154  ka. 

9369  EXHIBITION   OF   A   DEMOCRATIC-TRANSPARENCY,— 
WITH  ITS  EFFECT  UPON  PATRIOTIC  FEELINGS: 

J*  Gillray  inz^  &  fee* 

Pu¥  April  15^^  1799'  ^y  ^-  Humphrey  2y  S*  James  Street  London 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  The  members  of  the  Secret  Committee 
of  the  Commons  are  seated  round  a  table  examining  the  documents  relating 
to  the  United  Irishmen  and  other  revolutionary  societies.  A  lamp  on  the 
table  illuminates  a  large  framed  transparency'  divided  into  four  equal 
sections  which  hangs  from  the  ceiling  and  conceals  the  heads  of  the  Com- 
mittee ;  the  four  scenes  depict  the  supposed  intentions  of  the  revolution- 
aries. The  transparency  is  irradiated,  throwing  into  deep  shadow  members 
of  the  Opposition  in  the  foreground  (r.),  who  flee  from  the  room  in  a  body, 
terror-struck.  The  nearest  (T.Q.L.)  are  Erskine,  clutching  a  brief-bag. 
Fox,  M.  A.  Taylor,  and  Norfolk.  Behind  these  are  Tierney,  Sheridan,  and 
NichoUs;  in  the  last  row  are  Sir  J.  Sinclair,  Burdett,  Moira,  Bedford. 

The  two  most  prominent  members,  though  in  back  view  with  heads 
obscured,  suggest  Pitt  (1.)  and  Dundas  (r.);  they  read  papers  inscribed 
Scheme  to  Overthrow  the  British  Constitution,  &  to  seize  on  all  public 
Property  and  Invitation  to  the  French  Republic.  Over  the  edge  of  the  table 
hang  the  bulky  Reports  of  the  Secret  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons. 

'  The  transparency,  a  large  pictorial  design  lit  from  behind,  was  a  popular  form 
of  street  illumination.  On  5  Nov.  181 3  (for  the  battle  of  Leipzig)  Ackermann  dis- 
played on  the  facade  of  his  'Repository'  Rowlandson's  'The  Two  Kings  of  Terror', 
afterwards  published  as  a  print.   Broadley,  i.  338. 

544 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1799 

On  the  floor  are  four  papers:  Names  of  Traitors  now  sujferd  to  remain  at 
large ;  Oath  of  the  Members  of  the  Society  of  the  United  Irishmen  in  London ; 
Account  of  y"  Lodge  of  United  Englishmen,  &  of  the  Monks  of  5'  Ann*s 
Shrine  [see  No.  9217];  Proceedings  of  the  London  Corresponding  Society 
with  a  list  of  all  the  Members.   [See  No.  9189,  &c.] 

The  transparency  is  suspended  on  tricolour  ribbons.  Titles  are  engraved 
on  the  frame: 

[i]  Plundering  the  Bank.  A  scene  in  the  Rotunda ;  tiny  figures  hasten  off 
with  sacks  of  gold,  the  most  prominent  being  Tierney  with  £10000. 
Sir  William  Pulteney  (identified  from  his  resemblance  to  No.  9212)  staggers 
off  to  the  1.  with  two  sacks;  the  poker-like  Moira  has  a  sack  on  his  head; 
two  men  dispute  over  a  sack,  one  being  Walpole  with  his  huge  cocked  hat, 
the  other  resembling  Jekyll;  Sheridan  (r.)  slouches  off  with  two  sacks. 
Proletarians  exult  over  small  money-bags. 

[2]  Assassinating  the  Parliament.  The  interior  of  the  House  of  Commons 
is  realistically  depicted ;  the  Opposition  violently  attack  the  occupants  of  the 
Government  benches,  daggers  being  the  chief  weapon.  Erskine  (1.)  is  about 
to  murder  Dundas ;  Fox  strikes  at  Pitt,  holding  him  by  the  throat,  while 
Sheridan  is  about  to  stab  Pitt  in  the  back.  The  puny  Walpole  tries  to 
drag  the  Speaker  from  his  chair,  while  Burdett  raises  the  mace  to  smite 
him.  Sir  John  Sinclair  raises  a  broadsword  to  smite  a  man  held  down 
by  little  M.  A.  Taylor.  Volumes  of  Acts  and  Statutes  fall  to  the  floor. 

[3]  Seizing  the  Crown.  \  Scene  the  Tower.  Exulting  plunderers  emerge 
from  the  gate  of  the  Tower  on  to  the  drawbridge.  Bedford,  dressed  as  a 
jockey  (cf.  No.  9380),  walks  ahead  with  two  sacks:  New  Coinage  and  New 
Guineas ;  Fox,^  smiling,  holds  the  crown ;  Lauderdale,  wearing  a  kilt,  carries 
the  sceptre.  Just  behind  is  Sir  George  Shuckburgh.  Stanhope  (or  Grattan) 
carries  a  sack.  Regalia  of  E[ngland].  On  the  r.  a  chimney-sweep  and  others 
dance  round  a  bonfire  in  which  Records  are  burning.  Cf.  No.  7354,  where 
Fox  carries  off  the  crown  from  the  Tower. 

[4]  Establishing  the  French  Government.  |  5'  James  s  Palace.  French 
troops  march  with  arrogant  goose-step  and  fixed  bayonets  into  the  gate- 
way of  the  palace ;  their  large  tricolour  flag  is  inscribed  Vive  la  Republique 
Franfais.  In  the  foreground  is  planted  a  tall  spear  surmounted  by  a  bonnet- 
rouge  (a  tree  of  Liberty,  cf.  No.  9214,  &c.) ;  at  its  base  are  decollated  heads 
wearing  coronets  and  a  mitre.  They  are  cheered  by  spectators  (r.) :  Grattan 
holding  Grattans  Address,  Norfolk  holding  his  staff.  Lord  Derby  in  hunt- 
ing-dress standing  on  an  overturned  sentry-box,  Moira  standing  like  a 
ramrod. 

Below  the  title:  Representing,  the  Secret-Committee  throzoing  a  Light  upon 
the  Dark  Sketches  of  a  Revolution  found  among  the  Papers  of  the  Jacobin- 
Societies  lately  apprehended.  NB.  The  Truth  of  the  Picture  is  reffered  to  the 
Consciences  of  the  Swearers  to  the  Innocence  of  O^ Connor:  And  is  Dedicated 
to  the  bosom-Friends  of  Fitzgerald ;  Quigley,  Shears,  Tone,  Holt,  and  all  other 
well  wishers  to  their  Country — 

The  Report  of  the  Secret  Committee  (cf.  Nos.  9366,  9515)  on  persons 
and  societies  in  England  and  Ireland  engaged  in  a  treasonable  conspiracy 
was  made  by  Dundas  on  15  Mar.  1799.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  579  ff.  For 
the  Foxites  and  O'Connor  see  No.  9245,  &c. ;  for  Fitzgerald  see  No. 
9227,  &c.,  for  Quigley,  No.  9189.  John  and  Henry  Sheares  were  members 
of  the  Irish  Directory:  the  rising  fixed  for  23  May  1798  was  forestalled  by 
their  arrest  on  10  May.  They  were  executed  for  treason  on  14  July  1798. 
'  Identified  by  Grego  as  Lansdowne. 

545  N  n 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Tone  was  taken  prisoner  in  Sept.  1798,  when  the  Hoche  surrendered  to 
Warren  ojff  Lough  Swilly,  and  killed  himself  to  avoid  execution.  Joseph 
Holt  was  a  leader  in  the  Irish  Rebellion  (see  No.  9228,  &c.)  who  surrendered 
on  10  Nov.  1798  and  was  sentenced  to  transportation,  see  No.  9262. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  257  (small  copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  229. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced,  Wheeler  and  Broadley,  i.  22. 
13IX  i6|  in.  With  border,  13IX  17I  in. 

9370  A  PEEP  INTO  THE  RETREAT  AT  TINNEHINCH. 

[Rowlandson.] 

Pu¥  May  i'^  lygg  by  T.  Whittle  Peterbro)  Court  Fleet  Street  For  the 
Anti  Jacobin  Review 

Engraving  (coloured  impression').  PI.  to  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review  (issued 
separately).  Grattan  (r.)  has  risen  from  his  arm-chair  to  greet  with  out- 
stretched hands  two  young  men  whom  a  servant  (1.),  with  a  knowing 
gesture,  has  just  shown  into  his  library.  One  introduces  the  other: 
M^  Grattan  give  me  leave  to  introduce  M*"  Jn°  H — gh — 's\  Grattan  says: 
/  suppose  Sir  you  are  an  United  Irishman ;  Hughes  answers :  /  am.  A  bust 
of  Le  Pans  (see  No.  9240)  on  a  high  pedestal  on  the  extreme  r.  looks  down 
cynically  at  Grattan.  On  the  wall  behind  him  are  portraits  of  Lord  Fitz- 
gerald (see  No.  9227),  Tom  Paine  (a  mere  scrawl),  and  Robespier[re],  with 
a  placard:  New  Irish  Government  Liberty  and  Equality  to  be  introduced  by 
our  worthy  &  disinterested  Allies  the  French.  The  other  two  walls  are  lined 
with  bulky  volumes:  Towers  Tracts  (see  No.  7890);  Republic,  Wakefield 
(see  No.  9371);  Parr  (see  No.  9430);  The  Press  (see  No.  9186,  &c.);  The 
Courier  (see  No.  9194,  &c.);  Christie;  Molineux;  Pain's  Works  (see  No. 
8137,  &c.);  Critical  Review  (see  No.  9240);  M^  Niven;  Priestly  Works  (see 
No.  7887);  O'Connor  (see  No.  9245,  &c.) 

On  the  writing-table  are  documents:  Constitution  of  United  Irishmen  and 
Copy  of  the  [illegible  word]  of  y'  Test  of  Oath.  On  the  floor  at  Grattan's 
feet  is  a  sheaf  of  pikes  with  papers:  Contract  for  Pikes;  Plan  for  the  destruc- 
tion of  both  Houses  of  Parlaiment  Bank  &  .  .  by  Tone;  Dispatches  from  the 
French  Conventi[on] ;  List  of  united  Irishmen  in  London  Hamburg  .  .  . ;  a 
portfolio :  Charts  of  the  Irish  Coast  with  remarks  where  foreign  troops  may 
be  landed  with  great  safety ;  two  large  books :  Art  of  Assassination  and  Rise 
and  Progress  of  Jacobinism. 

Grattan  had  been  groundlessly  accused  by  an  informer  of  being  a  sworn 
member  of  the  United  Irishmen  (see  No.  9228,  &c.)  and  was  consequently 
removed  from  the  Irish  Privy  Council  on  6  Oct.  1798  (see  No.  9343). 
Tinnehinch  was  his  estate  in  Wicklow.  The  book-titles  are  allegations  of 
Jacobinism  and  repubUcanism.  'Molineux'  probably  connotes  The  Case 
of  Ireland's  being  bound  by  Acts  of  Parliament  in  England  stated,  1698, 
by  William  Molyneux,  incorrectly  believed  to  have  been  condemned  to  be 
burnt  by  the  hangman.  Thomas  Christie  (1761-96),  friend  of  Price  and 
Priestley,  was  one  of  those  who  had  attacked  Burke's  'Reflections'  (see 
No.  7675,  &c.).  He  was  named  with  Home  Tooke  and  others  as  suitable 
for  admission  to  French  citizenship.  Le  Patriote  Frangois,  24  Sept.  1792 
(quoted  V.  C.  Miller,  Joel  Barlow,  Hamburg,  1932,  p.  26).  MacNeven 
was  one  of  the  chief  leaders  of  the  United  Irishmen,  arrested  Mar.  1798. 

'  An  uncoloured  impression  faces  the  Review,  ii.  353  (B.M.L,  261.  i.  2).  There 
is  no  allusion  in  the  text  to  the  subject  of  the  print.  It  is  placed  facing  p.  465  in 
B.M.L.  3596. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1799 

He  had  communicated  with  France  from  Hamburg,  a  centre  of  Franco- 
Irish  intrigue.   For  Wolf  Tone  see  No.  9369. 
7iX9iiin. 

9371  THE  NIGHT  MARE. 

R  S  1799  J.  Chapman,  Aq.  for  fe 

Publiskd  May  i.  1799,  by  T.  Whittle,  Peterhoro*  Court  Fleet  Street 
— -for  the  Anti  Jacobin  Review 

Stipple.  PI.  to  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  iii.  99.  Fox,  asleep  in  a  half-tester 
bed,  is  beset  by  the  phantoms  of  his  dream.  A  fiery  horse,  ridden  by  a  sans- 
culotte, lies  on  his  chest,  kicking  a  hind  hoof  in  his  mouth.  The  rider 
plants  on  Fox's  breast  the  staff  of  a  flag  inscribed  Vive  la  Libertd  on  which 
a  heart  (on  an  inverted  crown)  is  transfixed  by  a  dagger.  The  foot  of  the 
low  bedstead  has  collapsed  and  the  whole  bed  slides  downwards  on  a  tilted 
floor.  A  fierce  creature  (Bonaparte),  almost  naked  except  for  cocked  hat, 
jack-boots,  and  enormous  sabre,  wrenches  at  the  fingers  of  Fox's  out- 
thrown  1.  hand.  A  demon  with  webbed  wings,  naked  except  for  an  arsenal 
of  daggers  and  a  bonnet-rouge,  clings  to  the  top  of  the  tester,  and  clutches 
at  the  bed-coverings  which  he  has  dragged  from  Fox.  Under  Fox's  pillow 
is  a  dagger,  a  winged  dagger  flies  towards  him  from  the  window.  By  the 
foot  of  the  bed  (1.)  are  Fox's  boots  and  coat,  from  the  pocket  projects 
Godwins  Political  Justice.  A  chamber-pot  is  inscribed  Le  Paux  (see  No. 
9240).  On  the  floor,  with  a  single  die,  are  pamphlets  and  papers :  Ancient 
Republics,  the  words  facing  a  black  man  standing  on  his  head ;  [Wa]kefield 
Atiswer;  Morn[mg  Chronicle]. 

Illustration  to  verses  on  Fox,  'the  Arch-Seceder'  (see  No.  9018,  &c.), 
which  {inter  alia)  show  the  identity  of  the  Frenchman: 
War's  phantom,  too,  horrific  shape  assumes, 

The  i^gyptian  hero's  form,  hell's  fit  viceroy, 
With  Murder's  sword,  and  Death's  awe-moving  plumes, 
Salutes  the  patriot  in  rude  frantic  joy. 

One  of  many  satires  on  Fox  as  a  Jacobin.  The  design  probably  derives 
from  Fuseli's  'Nightmare',  travestied  in  a  satire  on  Fox  in  1784  (No.  6543, 
cf.  also  Nos.  8555,  8671).  For  Wakefield's  Reply  to  Bishop  Watson  see 
No.  9240;  he  was  convicted  of  seditious  libel,  21  Feb.  1799;  while  in  the 
King's  Bench  awaiting  sentence  he  was  visited  by  Fox  and  others.  God- 
win's book  (1793)  represents  the  philosophic  expression  of  English  revolu- 
tionary radicalism ;  he  was  not  associated  with  Fox.  Cf.  No.  9244,  also  of 
Fox  and  a  nightmare. 

An  unfolded  impression  showing  that  copies  were  issued  separately. 
7^1  X  10  in. 

9372  A  GRAND  BATTLE  BETWEEN  THE  IRISH  HEN  AND  THE 
ENGLISH  BANTAM  [i  May  1799] 

Engraving.  Hibernian  Magazine,  1799,  p.  209.  A  pugilistic  encounter 
between  Erin  (1.),  sturdy  and  confident,  and  Pitt,  who  looks  anxious.  They 
face  each  other  with  clenched  fists,  each  has  a  bottle-holder  and  a  backer. 
Erin,  her  harp  beside  her,  says :  You  stand  up  to  me,  no,  no,  I  know  a  thing 
or  two  better  than  that!  Behind  her,  a  man  with  drink-blotched  face,  hold- 
ing a  lemon  and  bottle  of  Whiskey,  says :  Hit  him  in  the  bread  basket  close 
his  other  peeper!  that's  my  tight  lass!  Hibernia  and  Shillaleefor  ever!  Above 

547 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

his  head  is  St.  Patrick  emerging  from  clouds  and  holding  his  crosier  and 
a  wreath  of  shamrock  over  Erin;  he  says:  Thais  my  honey!  give  her  another 
glass  of  whiskey  and  she'll  do  his  business.  On  the  extreme  1.  is  Grattan, 
eagerly  bending  forward,  as  if  confident  of  victory. 

Pitt's  bottle-holder,  with  a  bottle  labelled  cherry  Bounc,  says :  This  Union 
will  never  take  place  without  hard  blows  Billy  give  it  in  give  it  in!  Dundas 
(r.),  grotesque  in  turban,  feathered  cap,  and  legal  wig,  says:  What  an 
obstinate  Cheeld  dtK  Deel  she  is.  I  thought  it  would  be  only  come  and  kiss 
me  and  the  Lassie  would  do  it.  See  No.  9284,  &c. 
9X  i2f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154.  ka. 

9373  THE  SNUG  PARTY'S  EXIT.  OR  THE  FAREWELL  TO  BATH 

Pub:  6  May  1799  by  J  Macerius  London  Sold  by  J  Brown  Bath 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  young  women  and  the  Duke  of 
York  (in  back  view)  play  cards  at  a  round  table.  The  Prince  of  Wales  stands 
behind  one  lady  (1.),  putting  his  hand  on  her  breast,  and  leaning  behind 
her  neighbour  to  hand  a  note  for  500  to  her  vis-a-vis.  The  whole  party 
is  enclosed  in  a  net  which  is  about  to  be  drawn  off  to  the  r.  by  the  Devil, 
who  holds  its  strings.  All  are  unconscious  of  this  except  the  Duke,  who 
looks  to  the  r.  On  the  wall  (1.)  is  a  bust  profile  portrait,  the  elderly  woman 
of  No.  9382.  Beneath  the  design : 

SkiWd  in  all  Arts  that  grace  the  Modish  Fair 

The  bloom  Parisian  sporting  to  ensnare, 

the  black  Deity  of  Honor  Lust  &  Wine 

In  netting  close  the  Family  entwine. 

Then  with  light  steps  he  bears  the  group  away 

To  make  their  Exit  till  some  future  day 
These  verses,  see  No.  8372,  indicate  the  Misses  Gubbins  of  Bath,  Mary 
and  Honor.  A  satire  on  their  association  with  the  Prince  and  his  brother. 
One,  probably  Honor  (the  prettier),  was  reputed  the  Prince's  mistress,  see 
Nos.  9382-5.  Glenbervie  wrote  (1810):  The  sisters  'were  frequented, /<?7e'e 
[sic]  and  admired  by  the  Prince  and  his  brothers,  and  had  become  quite 
the  fashion  in  a  certain  style.  .  .  .'  Journals,  ed.  Bickley,  ii.  48-9. 
8|xi3iin. 

9374  THE  NEW  PANTHEON  OF  DEMOCRATIC  MYTHOLOGY. 
J*  Gillray  inv.  &  f 

Pu¥  May  7'*  1799,  hy  H.  Humphrey  S^  James  s  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Emblematical  title- 
page  to  a  set  of  prints  on  the  Opposition.  A  fire  burns  on  an  altar  of  quasi- 
classical  shape,  on  which  is  the  title ;  apes'  heads  take  the  place  of  rams* 
heads,  and  a  garland  of  laurel  is  bound  with  tricolour  ribbon.  At  the  base 
of  the  altar  lies  a  cornucopia  in  the  form  of  a  bonnet-rouge  transformed 
into  a  fool's  cap  terminating  in  a  bell  (cf.  No.  8644).  From  it  pour  emblems 
of  gods  and  goddesses:  Thunderbolts  tied  with  tricolour,  an  owl,  grapes, 
caduceus,  bow  and  arrows,  hammer  and  pincers,  trident,  lyre,  club,  two 
doves  on  a  shield  with  the  head  of  Medusa.  The  arc  of  a  pilastered  wall 
forms  a  background.   See  Nos.  9375-80. 

Grego,  Gi&ay,  p.  258.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  230.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 


9fX7isin. 


548 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

9375  HERCULES  REPOSING.     New  Pantheon.  N"  i. 
fGillrayd.  &f 

Pu¥  May  7'*  I799y  by  H.  Humphrey.  2y.  S^  James's  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  See  No.  9374,  &c. 
Fox,  naked  and  hairy,  sits  despondently  at  the  foot  of  a  willow  tree,  from 
which  a  lyre  hangs  by  a  tricolour  ribbon.  His  eyes  are  closed,  his  head 
is  supported  on  the  hand  which  holds  a  large  book :  The  Beauties  of  S^  Ann's 
Hill.  He  sits  on  the  skin  of  an  ass  masquerading  as  a  lion  (with  a  lion's 
tail);  before  him  are  the  apples  of  the  Hesperides,  rotten.  His  club, 
inscribed  Whig  Club,  lies  across  a  (blunted)  arrow  and  a  bow  with  a  broken 
string.  In  the  background  Fame  staggers  from  the  temple  which  crowns 
Parnassus. 

A  satire  on  the  retirement  of  Fox  at  St.  Ann's  Hill  (see  No.  9217,  &c.) 
which  he  could  with  difficulty  be  induced  to  leave  after  the  Whig  secession 
(see  No.  9018,  &c.).   For  Fox  as  Hercules  cf.  No.  8987, 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  259.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  231.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9fX7j»gin. 

9376  MARS.     New  Pantheon,  iV"  2.1 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  See  No.  9374,  &c. 
George  Walpole  stands  defiantly,  head  in  profile  to  the  r.,  feet  splayed 
awkwardly.  He  wears  Roman  armour  with  medieval  greaves  and  a  huge 
sabre;  in  his  1.  hand  is  a  large  oval  shield,  in  his  r.  he  supports  a  vertical 
tilting-lance,  the  head  of  which  is  cut  off  by  the  upper  margin.  His  fantastic 
helmet  is  partly  a  cocked  hat  with  a  tricolour  cockade;  on  it  crouches  a 
simian  demon  with  webbed  wings  and  long  barbed  tail,  wearing  a  cap  like 
the  cornucopia  of  No.  9374,  and  spitting  fire.  Behind  him  (1.)  is  a  gobbling 
turkey-cock.   Clouds  form  a  background. 

Col.  Walpole  (temp.  Major-General  in  the  Maroon  war  in  Jamaica)  was 
M.P.  for  Derby  1797-1806,  and  a  strong  Foxite,  though  apparently  a  silent 
member.   See  No.  9218. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  259.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  232.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9|X7|in. 

9377  HARPYES  DEFILING  THE  FEAST.  New  Pantheon  N"  J' 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  See  No.  9374,  &c. 
'The  Feast'  is  a  steaming  sirloin  in  a  dish  inscribed  John  Bull's  Comfort, 
flanked  by  (1.)  a  frothing  tankard  decorated  with  the  Royal  Arms  and  (r.) 
a  plum-pudding.  The  three  harpies,  Tierney  (1.),  Shuckburgh,  and  Jekyll 
(r.),  malignantly  vomit  and  excrete  on  the  feast.  Tierney  hovers  over  the 
tankard,  Shuckburgh  over  the  beef;  Jekyll,  with  webbed  wings  and 
barrister's  wig  and  bands,  is  planted  on  the  pudding.  All  do  their  worst 
to  the  beef,  against  the  dish  of  which  lies  a  carving-knife  and  fork. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  259.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  233.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9|X7|in. 

9378  CUPID.     New  Pantheon,  N"  4.' 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).    See  No.  9374,  &c. 

The  ugly  and  ungainly  Nicholls,  naked  except  for  floating  drapery,  and 

'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  9375. 

549 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

with  heavy,  feathered  wings,  stands  directed  to  the  r.,  drawing  the  string 
of  his  bow.   He  stands  on  clouds  which  form  a  background. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  259.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  234.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  250. 
9x7!  in. 

9379  THE  TWIN  STARS,  CASTOR  &  POLLUX.  New  Pantheon  N"  5.' 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  See  No.  9374,  &c. 
Two  corpulent  men,  with  arms  interlaced,  trip  through  space,  their  heads 
turned  in  profile  to  the  r.,  naked  except  for  a  piece  of  floating  drapery.  One 
(1.)  holds  up  a  frothing  tankard  of  Berkley  Ale,  the  other  a  foaming  goblet, 
tankard  and  goblet  being  the  centre  of  a  pointed  star.  The  heads  are  well 
characterized,  and  alike  only  in  fatness,  short  hair,  and  side-whisker. 

Identified  by  Wright  and  Evans  as  'Berkly  and  Sturt,  brewers  [sic]  of 
Ale'.  George  Barclay,  the  brewer,  and  Charles  Sturt  (1763-18 12)  of 
Crichel,  Dorset,  were  members  for  Bridport,  and  their  twinship  seems  to 
consist  in  this  fact  and  in  their  contour. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  259.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  235.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.  Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  256. 
9nX7f  in. 

9380  THE  AFFRIGHTED   CENTAUR,   &  LION  BRITANIQUE. 

New  Pantheon  iV"  6.1 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  See  No.  9374,  &c. 
A  centaur  with  the  body  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford  flees  in  terror  from  the 
angry  British  lion,  whose  head  and  fore-paws  appear  on  the  1.  He  is  dressed 
as  a  jockey,  with  tricolour  jacket  and  tricolour  ribbons  in  his  cap  (as  in 
other  prints,  e.g.  No.  9261). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  259.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  235.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9iiX7|in. 


9381  DUKE  WILLIAM'S  GHOST. 

J'  Gillray  inv.  &  f 

Pu¥  May  7'*  1799.  by  H.  Humphrey  2y,  S*  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales  lies  on  his  bed, 
partly  dressed,  in  a  drunken  stupor,  head  downwards,  r.  arm  hanging  to 
the  ground,  where  are  broken  bottles  and  spilt  wine.  The  ghost  of  his 
great-uncle,  William  Augustus,  Duke  of  Cumberland  (1721-65),  immensely 
fat,  and  naked  except  for  cocked  hat  and  sabre,  emerging  from  clouds, 
stands  at  the  bed-side  (r.),  holding  up  an  hour-glass  whose  sands  have 
nearly  run  out ;  in  his  r.  hand  he  raises  the  bed-curtains  which  frame  the 
design.  He  warns  the  Prince  of  the  effects  of  drink  and  corpulence.  See 
Nos.  9383,  9384,  9385,  where  the  warning  is  extended. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  263  (where  the  Duke  is  confused  with  Henry  Frederick 
of  Cumberland  (d.  1790),  the  Prince's  uncle).  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
9fXi3f  in. 

*  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  9375. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES    1799 

9382  THE    FAMILY   PARTY    OR   PRINCE    BLADDUDS    MAN 
TRAPS!! 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub:  May.  11.  lygg.  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Carica- 
tures Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  young  women  and  the  Duke  of 
York  play  cards  at  a  round  table  on  which  is  a  single  lighted  candle.  The 
Prince  of  Wales  stands  behind  one  of  the  ladies  (r.),  Miss  Gubbins,  his 
hand  on  her  breast;  he  is  about  to  extinguish  the  candle  by  cutting  it  in 
half  with  snuffers.  Another,  probably  her  sister,  surreptitiously  passes  her 
a  card.  The  Duke  (1.)  leans  from  the  table  to  ogle  an  ugly  and  elderly 
woman  (see  No.  9373)  who  sits  in  profile  to  the  r.  Candle-sconces  on  the 
wall  in  the  form  of  feathers  show  that  the  house  belongs  to  the  Prince. 
Beneath  the  design  are  etched  six  lines  of  verse  as  in  No.  9373,  a  similar 
scene.  'Bladdud'  connects  the  affair  with  Bath. 
8/5X13  A  in. 

9383  THE  GHOST  OR  THE  CLOSET  SCENE  IN  HAMLET 
IC   [Cruikshank.] 

Pub  by  SW  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  May  14  lygg  Folios  of  Caricatures 
Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales,  dressed  as  Hamlet 
(cf.  No.  8527),  staggers  back  in  terror  at  the  sight  of  the  Duke  of  Cumber- 
land (1.),  wearing  uniform  with  cocked  hat  and  spurred  boots  and  holding 
his  staff.  The  Prince  asks:  What  would  your  Gracious  figure?  The  Duke, 
very  solid,  but  with  clouds  behind  him,  says,  extending  a  forefinger:  Dont 
be  frightened  George,  dont  be  frightened  but  next  Monday  fortnight  must  come 
&  take  a  Glass  of  Burgundy  along  with  us  dont  be  frightened  I  just  slip'd 
of  to  tell  you  I  heard  the  Governor  tell  some  of  his  runners  to  fetch  you!! 
glad  to  see  you  dont  be  frightened.  A  pretty  young  woman  (r.)  puts  her  r. 
hand  on  the  shoulder  of  the  Prince,  who  grasps  her  1.  hand  as  if  for  pro- 
tection; she  says:  What  mean  you  my  Love?  throw  off  these  nervous  fears, 
hast  to  the  Crescent,  their  shall  Love  &  Harmony  delight  soul  to  such  an 
Extacy  that  Bladduds  streams  shall  never  Quench.  She  is  evidently  a  Miss 
Gubbins,  see  No.  9373,  &c.  The  King's  profile  extends  into  the  design 
from  the  extreme  r.,  saying:  What — zohat.  what  is  he  going  at  now  who's 
who's  that  William?  Send  him  to  Ireland  send  him  to  Ireland.  See  No.  9381. 
9jigXi3^in. 

9384  THE  GHOST  OR  SECOND  WARNING  [May  1799] 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  and  a  companion  lie  in  a 
bed  with  fringed  curtains;  he  starts  up  in  terror,  a  goblet  in  each  hand, 
at  the  sight  of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland  (1.),  in  full  regimentals,  parting 
the  curtains  at  the  foot  of  the  bed.  The  Duke,  who  wears  gauntlet  gloves 
and  holds  his  Marshal's  staff,  says:  well  George!  Fm  once  more  come  from 
the  Governor  to  tell  thee,  that  unless  thou  shakest  off  this  Lustfull  crew  & 
cleave  to  Virtious  Love  no  reckoning  can  be  made  &  thou  must  render  up  thy 
self  zvith  all  thy  imperfections  on  thy  Head.  The  lady,  one  of  the  Misses 
Gubbins,  says:  Oh  Dear  Dear  what  can  the  matter  be,  these  Amusements 

551 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

of  High  Life  dont  suit  me, — ///  away  to  the  Crescent.  The  Prince  says:  Dont 
be  frightened  Gub,  the  Old  Fellow  has  only  calVd  to  take  a  Glass  of  Burgundy 
with  us.  Billowing  clouds  envelop  the  Duke's  legs  and  rise  behind  him, 
small  blue  devils  (cf.  No.  8745)  frolic  in  them.  The  bed-coverings  are  in 
wild  turmoil,  a  chamber-pot  has  been  upset.  On  a  table  by  the  bed  are 
bottles  of  Burgundy,  a  lighted  candle ;  other  bottles  are  on  the  floor.  A  bed- 
post (1.)  is  decorated  with  the  Prince's  feathers.  See  No.  9373,  &c.,  and 
No.  9381,  &c. 

Either  the  original  version,  or  an  imitation  of  No.  9385. 
10x15  J  in. 

9385  THE  GHOST. 

[PAnsell.] 

Pub'^  May  15  lygg  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  imitation  or  the  original  of  No.  9384. 
The  design  is  substantially  the  same,  but  the  Duke  wears  a  shirt  (tied  with 
a  sash)  and  shorter  boots,  leaving  his  enormously  fat  legs  bare.  He  wears 
gauntlet  gloves  and  a  cocked  hat  of  different  shape.  There  are  no  clouds 
or  demons.  The  feathers  on  the  bed  are  altered  to  a  conventional  orna- 
ment. The  arrangement  of  bed-table,  bottles,  &c.,  is  altered.  Miss  Gubbins 
says :  Oh'  Dear  what 's  the  Matter  if  this  is  the  Amusements  of  high  Life  I  wish 
I  was  in  the  Crescent  again.  The  Prince  says:  Hush  Gub  dont  be  alarmed 
the  Old  Boy  is  only  come  for  some  more  Burgundy.  The  Duke  says :  most 
noble  youth,  I  am  thy  Uncles  Ghost,  Doomed  for  a  certain  time  to  walk  at 
night,  and  win  the  Fates;  shake  off  the  Traitorous  Crew  that  lurk  around 
thy  Table;  expose  thier  treacherous  schemes,  inform  the  ruling  powers  what 
plots  and  treasons  deep  they  meditae  [sic]  against  the  State;  and  thus  by  one 
bold  patriotic  deed  restore  Brittania's  darling  Son;  then  shall  the  sentence  be 

reversed  and shall  live  again.   See  No.  9381,  &c. ;  for  Miss  Gubbins, 

No.  9373,  &c. 
iiXisfin. 

9386  A  MAN  OF  IMPORTANCE. 
y^  Gillray,  ad  vivam  fed 

Pu¥  May  16^^  I799-  by  H  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street — London 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Lord  Moira,  rigid  and  impassive,  stands 
in  profile  to  the  1.,  r.  hand  on  his  tasselled  stick,  1.  hand  on  hip,  wearing 
quasi-military  dress  with  looped  cocked  hat  and  high  boots.  Clouds,  so 
coloured  as  to  suggest  a  distant  conflagration,  and  a  low  horizon,  curved 
as  if  to  indicate  the  edge  of  the  globe,  form  a  background.  Beneath  the 
design: 

"Ne'er  may  his  Whiskers  loose  their  hue, 

"  Chang' d  {like  Moll  Coggin's  tail)  to  blue! 

"But  still— 

"New  Grace  adorn  his  figure; 

"More  stiff  his  boots,  more  black  his  stock, 

"His  hat  assume  a  prouder  cock, 

"Like  Pistol's,  {would  'twere  bigger!) 

Vide  Anti  Jacobin. 

552 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1799 

An  adaptation  of  lines  from  the  Ode  to  Lord  Moira  by  Ellis,  see  No.  9184; 
his  self-importance  appeared  in  his  letter  proposing  a  third-party  Ministry. 

The  pencil  sketch  (H.L.)  for  this  is  in  the  Print  Room.  The  notes  are: 
'Green  coat,  G^  [gold]  button  &  loop,  Leather  breeches.  Military  boots, 
stick  with  tassels'.   The  coat  is  green  in  the  impression  described. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  263.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  239.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
12I  x8f  in.   With  border,  13IX  10  in. 

9386  A  A  reduced  copy  without  imprint,  numbered  gg. 
7iX5in. 

9387  GENERAL  SWARROW,  TOWING  THE  FRENCH  DIREC- 
TORY INTO  RUSSIA!! 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  by  S  W  Fores  N.  50  Piccadilly  May  16,  lygg.  Folios  of  Carica- 
tures Lent  out 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  burlesque  design  of  Suvoroff  leading 
the  five  Directors  by  ropes  round  their  necks.  He  marches  (1.)  smoking 
a  pipe;  his  fur  cap  is  decorated  with  a  skull  and  cross-bones,  similar 
emblems  are  on  his  uniform.  On  his  arm  is  a  medallion  inscribed  Warsaw : 
a  bird  of  prey  tears  at  an  infant.  Many  pistols  are  thrust  through  his  belt. 
The  Directors  walk  in  a  row,  shoulder  to  shoulder,  hands  clasped  in 
despair ;  they  wear  the  official  costume  of  red  cloak  and  feathered  hat  (see 
No.  9199).  They  are  not  portraits.  The  Directors  were  Barras,  Rewbell 
(succeeded  by  Sieyes  on  1 1  May,  probably  unknown  to  the  artist),  Merlin, 
Larevelliere-Lepeaux,  and  Treilhard  (cf.  No.  9408). 

A  satire  on  the  French  defeats  in  Italy  in  Apr.  Suvoroff  entered  Milan 
on  28  Apr.,  having  defeated  Moreau  (but  news  of  this  had  not  reached 
London).  See  Sorel,  UEurope  et  la  Rev.  frangaise,  v,  1910,  pp.  406  ff. ; 
W.  L.  Blease,  Suvorof,  1920,  pp.  217  ff.  He  is  represented  as  an  ogre-like 
creature,  on  account  of  the  storm  of  Praga  and  occupation  of  Warsaw, 
see  No.  8607,  &c.  For  his  Italian  campaign,  see  No.  9408,  &c. 
8|xi3iin. 

9388  THE  STATE  OF  THE  WAR— OR— THE  MONKEY-RACE  IN 
DANGER. 

y^  Gillray  inv  &  fec^ 

Pu¥  May  20^^  1799-  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  2j  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  French  soldiers,  puny  simian  creatures, 
are  being  destroyed  or  put  to  flight  by  the  powers  of  the  Second  Coalition. 
In  the  foreground  (r.)  the  British  Lion  devours  a  heap  of  the  little  creatures ; 
others  flee.  An  ogre  in  Turkish  costume  (1.),  his  profile  set  in  a  crescent, 
grips  Bonaparte  in  his  1.  hand,  raising  a  blood-stained  scimitar.  Bonaparte 
attempts  to  strike  with  a  dagger;  he  drops  a  paper:  Organization  of  Egypt, 
&  Triumph  of  Buonaparte.  The  Russian  bear  sits  grasping  and  crushing 
struggling  French  apes.  On  the  r.  the  Habsburg  eagle,  clasping  a  sheaf  of 
thunderbolts,  flies  off  to  the  r.,  tearing  a  bonnet-rouge  in  beak  and  claws. 
A  French  army  is  in  flight  with  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Egalite.  Behind 
Turkey  are  Frenchmen  impaled  on  spears. 

A  satire  on  the  French  reverses  of  Apr.-May  1799.  These  included  the 

553 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

losses  before  Acre  (unknown  as  yet  in  England),  from  which  Bonaparte 
withdrew  (to  Egypt)  on  May  20-1,  appearing  in  Cairo  (14  June)  in  the 
guise  of  a  conqueror,  Jourdan  had  been  defeated  by  the  Archduke  Charles 
at  Stockach  (25  Mar.,  Gazette^  27  Apr.).  For  the  Russian  successes  see 
No.  9408,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  259.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  241.  Broadley,  i.  126-7. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
912x14  in. 

9389  THE  HIGH  GERMAN  METHOD  OF  DESTROYING  VERMIN 
AT  RAT-STADT. 

Gillray  f^  [?  after  Townshend.] 

Pu¥  May  22^  1799-  by  H  Humphrey  N°  27  S^  James  s  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  ferocious  Austrian  hussars  have 
decapitated  the  two  French  envoys.  One  (1.)  holds  his  victim  feet  in  air, 
the  head  between  the  feet.  The  other  stands  still,  blood  spouting  from  his 
neck,  while  the  soldier  displays  to  the  victim  the  head  spiked  on  his  sabre. 
The  third  (De  Bry),  slashed  with  sabre-cuts  and  dropping  a  dispatch-box, 
flees  before  a  mob  of  soldiers.  On  the  1.  is  the  back  of  the  travelling  carriage, 
with  three  trunks  inscribed  respectively:  Roherjot,  Bonnier,  Jean  Debry. 
An  open  dispatch-box  with  papers  is  on  the  ground.  After  the  title:  "Now 
you  shall  see!  how  the  cruel  Austrians  turn'd  the  Heads  of  \  "two  French 
Gentlemen,  whose  brains  were  deraigned. 

The  outrage  on  the  three  French  plenipotentiaries  at  the  Congress  of 
Rastadt  occurred  on  28  Apr. :  the  affair  is  still  mysterious  but  Barbaczy, 
in  command  of  Szekler  hussars,  was  responsible.  Debry  was  left  for  dead 
but  escaped.  Camb.  Mod.  Hist.  viii.  654-5  >  Sorel,  V Europe  et  la  Rev.  fr. 
V,  1910,  pp.  394-401. 

A  sketch  in  pen  for  this  is  in  the  Print  Room.  Only  the  four  principal 
figures  and  the  back  of  the  coach  are  drawn.  The  manner  has  some  resem- 
blance to  that  of  pen  drawings  by  Marquis  Townshend.  Size  c.  i2-|x 
18^  in.    (201.  c.  6/15.) 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  260.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  242.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
10JX14I  in. 

9390  FIELD-MARSHALL  COUNT  SUWARROW-ROMNISKOY. 
Etch'd  by  J^  Gillray,  from  the  Original  Drazving  taken  from  Life  by 

Lieut^  Swarts,  of  the  Imperial  Regiment  of  Barco  Hussars 
Pu¥  May  23^  I799  by  H  Humphrey  S*  James  s  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  W.L.  caricature  portrait.  Suv6roff 
stands  gazing  into  space  with  fierce  melancholy,  r.  hand  on  the  hilt  of  a 
sabre  dripping  with  blood,  I.  hand  on  his  hip.  He  has  Kalmuck  features, 
a  bald  head  with  a  sabre-cut,  moustaches.  He  wears  a  fur-bordered  tunic 
and  fur-topped  boots  with  heavy  spurs;  a  fur-lined  cloak  hangs  from  his 
shoulders.  A  miniature  is  suspended  from  a  button.  The  smoke  from  a 
burning  town  on  the  horizon  (r.)  slants  across  the  background.  Beneath 
the  title:  "This  extraordinary  Man  is  now  in  the  prime  of  life, — Six  Feet, 
Ten  Inches  in  height; — never  \  "tastes  either  Wine  or  Spirits;  takes  but  one 
Meal  a  day  ;  "&  every  Morning  plunges  into  an  Ice  Bath; —  |  "his  Wardrobe 
consists  of  a  plain  Shirt,  a  White  Waistcoat  &  Breeches,  short  Boots,  &  a 

554 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

Russian  Cloak;  \"he  wears  no  covering  on  his  head  either  by  day  or  night — 
when  tired,  he  wraps  himself  up  in  \  "a  Blanket  &  sleeps  in  the  open  air; — 
he  has  fought  2 g  pitched  Battles,  &  been  in  y^  Engagements" —  See  Vienna 
Gazzette. 

The  caricature  has  no  resemblance  to  engraved  portraits  of  SuvorofF, 
but  depicts  the  villain  of  Praga:  the  'Original  Drawing'  is  clearly  fictitious. 
In  appearance  he  was  the  opposite  of  the  barbarian  war  monster  of  this 
and  other  caricatures,  being  short,  stooping,  clean-shaven,  and  wearing 
small  boots  without  spurs,  a  green  leather  cap  with  cock's  feathers.  See 
Sorel,  U Europe  et  la  Rev.fr.  v,  1910,  pp.  409-10.  He  was  responsible  for 
the  sack  of  Praga  in  1794,  see  No.  8607,  &c.,  but  has  been  more  blamed 
for  the  sack  of  Ismail,  cf.  No.  9422.  For  his  Italian  campaign  see  No. 
9408,  &c.   Cf.  No.  9415. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  259.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  240.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 

1830. 

I  if  X  9  in.   With  border,  12X9!  in. 

9391  JOHN  BULL  TROUBLED  WITH  THE  BLUE  DEVILS. 

Woodward  del.  Cruikshank  s^ 

London   Published  by  SW  Fores  N  50.  Piccadilly  May  23.  lygg. 
Folios  of  Caricatures  Lent 

Engraving.  John  Bull  (1.),  elderly  and  shrunken,  sits  before  his  fire,  in 
shirt-sleeves,  night-cap,  and  slippers,  gazing  terror-stricken  at  the  swarm  of 
demons  which  advance  upon  him  in  a  cloud  of  smoke  from  the  fire.  The 
largest,  with  bull's  horns  and  a  dagger  in  each  hand,  is  Tax  on  Income. 
The  Additional  House  Tax  threatens  him  with  its  claws ;  the  Hair  Powder 
Tax  is  a  virago,  the  Tax  on  Windows  an  owl ;  the  Tax  on  Tea  has  a  tea-pot 
for  body,  the  Tax  on  Salt  is  a  bird,  the  Wine  Tax  has  the  head  of  an  ass 
and  the  body  of  a  bottle.  These  are  accompanied  by  smaller  fantastic 
winged  creatures.  A  cat  sleeps  by  the  fire  (r.). 

For  the  Income  Tax  see  No.  9363,  &c.,  for  tea  and  windows  No.  6634, 
&c.,  for  hair-powder  No.  8629,  &c.,  the  wine  tax  No.  8798,  &c.  The  tax 
on  salt  was  raised  in  1798  from  $s.  to  10s.  a  bushel.  Cf.  Nos.  8745,  9553 
(a  sequel). 

Probably  the  basis  of  G.  Cruikshank's  more  elaborate  The  Blue  Devils — !!, 
10  Jan.  1823.  R^i<i>  No.  1162. 
ioJx8^in. 

9392  GENL  SWALLOW  DESTROYING  THE  FRENCH  ARMY 
IC  [Cruikshank.] 

London   Pub:  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  June.  i.  lygg.    Folios  of 

Caricatures  Lent 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  title  continues:  talk  of  Gullivers 
carrying  off  fifty  ships  at  once,  why  it  was  nothing  to  him!  A  military  ogre 
with  a  gigantic  head  devours  French  soldiers :  five  and  a  horse  are  between 
his  teeth,  others  are  impaled  on  his  two  forks,  yet  others  are  crushed  under 
his  feet  as  he  strides  to  the  1.,  after  the  fleeing  army.  He  wears  a  fur  cap 
with  skull  and  cross-bones  as  in  No.  9387.  Above  the  fleeing  soldiers: 
O  Begar  if  he  once  get  to  Paris  the  Directory  will  scarce  serve  him  for  a 
Breakfast. 

For  Suvoroff's  victories  in  Italy  see  No.  9408,  &c.  See  also  No.  9422. 
8i|xi3iin. 

555 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9393  SUWARROW  GIVING  THE  FRENCH  DIRECTORY  A  TASTE 
OF  THE  KNOUT!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland,  Oxford  S^  June  lygg. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  One  of  the  Directory,  stripped  to  the 
waist,  is  chained  by  the  wrists  to  a  post  inscribed  Tree  of  Liberty  and  sur- 
mounted by  a  bonnet-rouge  (cf.  No.  9214,  &c.).  Suvoroff  holds  him  by 
the  hair  and  ferociously  raises  a  whip  to  strike.  He  wears  a  fur-bordered 
cap  (with  skull  and  cross-bones  as  in  No.  9387),  tunic,  cloak,  and  boots, 
and  says :  This  is  the  new  Dance  a  la  Carmagnole!  The  other  four  Directors 
(see  No.  9387),  full-face,  but  looking  sideways  in  horror  at  the  Russian, 
wait  their  turn;  one  (1.)  kneels  in  supplication.  They  wear  their  official 
dress  (see  No.  9199);  the  cloak  and  hat  of  the  victim  are  on  the  ground. 
See  No.  9408,  &c.  Suvoroff 's  successes  in  Lombardy  were  followed  by 
his  march  on  Piedmont,  where  he  was  treated  as  a  liberator;  on  26  May 
he  entered  Turin. 
10^X15  in. 

9394  THE  UNION  COACH 
/  Cruikshank 

Publised  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  June  4  lygg — Folios  of  Carica- 
tures Lent 

Engraving.  Pitt  drives  the  coach  and  four,  the  two  wheelers  only  being 
within  the  design.  On  the  door  are  the  Royal  Arms  and  The  Union  Coach. 
The  inside  is  crowded  with  Scotch  Members;  five  lean  and  hungry  heads 
are  seen  through  the  narrow  window.  One,  taking  snuff,  asks:  Hoot  mon 
is  this  the  way  to  the  Treasury.  Another  shouts  to  a  crowd  of  Irish  Members 
who  (ignominiously)  fill  the  basket  at  the  back  of  the  coach:  Why  This  is 
quit  warm  &  Cosey  cannayehaudyere  tongues  ye  Bullocking  Bulls!!  Dundas, 
as  the  guard  with  a  blunderbuss,  sits  cross-legged  on  the  roof  with  a  bag 
of  Nuts.  He  says  (answering  his  compatriot)  /  ken  the  way  well  enough, 
and  to  the  Irishmen,  to  whom  he  flings  nut-shells :  Theres  the  shells  for 
you,  ye  Quarrelsome  Crew.  Three  of  the  Irishmen  say:  I  dont  much  relish 
this  Union  Coach  the  Guard  told  us  the  back  seats  were  the  best,  by  Shaint 
Patrick  the  front  ones  must  be  bad  enough  then!  Pitt,  flicking  the  horses, 
says:  These  Paddys  in  the  Basket  are  the  most  troublesome  People  I  ever 
Drove — aye — aye  it's  a  sign  they're  not  used  to  such  Good  Travelling — come 
up  there — e  up — e  up  ss — go  along — thats  your  sort  [see  No.  8073]  Hey — 
Hey — If  they  grumble  so  now  what  will  they  say  when  I  tip  them  the  Long  Trot 
over  the  Hard  Flints  in  Parliament  Street. 

For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c.  The  Act  of  Union  came  into  effect 
on  I  Jan.  1801.  The  first  imperial  parliament  met  22  Jan.  1801,  the  Irish 
parliament  met  for  the  last  time  in  Jan.  1800.  Also  a  satire  on  the  sub- 
servience of  Scottish  M.P.s  and  their  management  by  Dundas.  Pastor 
Moritz  describes  (1782)  the  agonizing  discomfort  of  travelling  in  the  basket 
of  a  coach.  See  No.  9395,  an  Irish  copy. 
8i\xi5iin. 

9394  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  A^"  XVI  to  London  und  Paris,  iv,  1799. 

Explanatory  text,  pp.  156-65. 

6i  X  8^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

556 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

9395  THE  UNION  COACH 

Pu¥  by  M"  Cleary  N  21  Nassau  S*  [?  1799] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  copy,  reversed,  of  No.  9394,  with 
alterations.  A  stout  Irishman  stands  beside  the  basket  with  a  cudgel ;  he 
shakes  his  fist  at  the  occupants,  saying :  The  Devil  Relieve  you  all  I  wish 
I  had  the  Beting  of  ye  I'd  make  ye  remember  y  Native  Country.  The  Irish- 
men are  differently  drawn;  two  at  least  are  portraits,  and  the  others  are 
less  plebeian  than  those  of  Cruikshank,  and  their  speeches  are  omitted: 
The  Lord  Chancellor  (Clare),  holding  the  mace,  looks  up  at  Dundas,  say- 
ing: Guard,  this  is  a  troublesome  fellow  he  wants  to  stop  us.  John  Beresford 
says:  I  wish  I  was  in  Beresford  Place.  The  other  speeches  are  literally, 
though  not  quite  accurately,  transcribed,  and,  except  for  the  alterations, 
the  copy  is  a  close  one. 

Clare  and  Beresford  were  the  two  Irishmen  who  took  the  leading  part 
in  bringing  about  the  Union. 
9iXi4|in. 

9396  PIZARRO  CONTEMPLATING  OVER  THE  PRODUCT  OF 
HIS  NEW  PERUVIAN  MINE— 

f  Gillray,  inv:  &f 

Pu¥  June  4^^  1799,  by  H.  Humphrey.  27  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Sheridan  stands  on  the  stage  dressed  as 
Pizarro  (played  by  Barrymore),  gloating  over  guineas  with  which  his  helmet 
is  filled.  On  the  r.  is  a  flat  consisting  of  a  palm-tree  with  golden  fruit, 
on  the  1.  columns  wreathed  with  roses  and  decorated  with  theatrical 
emblems:  tragic  masks  and  spirals  of  cupids  who  blow  Fame's  trumpet, 
each  holding  a  placard:  Oracle  Puff  p  .  . ;  Morning  Chronicle  Puff  Puff  Puff  \ 
Morning  Herald  Puff  [&c.,  &c.];  Courier  [&c.,  &c.,  cf.  No.  9194];  Times 
[&c.,  &c.].  In  the  background  is  mountain  scenery  with  the  mouth  of  the 
cave.  Below  the  title :  "Honor?  Reputation?  a  mere  Bubble! — will  the  praises 
of  posterity  charm  my  bones  in  the  Grave? — 'psha! — my  present  \  "purpose  is 
all! — O,  Gold!  Gold!  for  thee,  I  would  sell  my  native  Spain,  as  freely  as 
I  would  plunder  Peru." 

A  satire  on  the  success  of  Pizarro,  Sheridan's  melodramatic  adaptation 
of  Kotzebue's  drama,  first  played  24  May  1799.  This  was  largely  due  to 
the  patriotic  speech  by  RoUa,  see  No.  9397.  There  were  many  imitations 
and  adaptations  of  the  play,  see  Baker,  Biog.  Dram.  iii.  157-9,  216,  290. 
For  Gillray's  attitude  to  the  newspaper  puff,  cf.  Nos.  7584,  9085,  9240  (the 
papers  are  of  both  parties).  See  also  Nos.  9397,  9398,  9399,  9401,  9402, 
9406,  9407,  9409,  9416,  9417,  9436,  9437,  9508. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  263-4.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  244.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
i3iX9|in. 

9397  PIZARRO  RETURNING  FROM  THE   GOLD   MINES  OF 
PERU! 

London  Pu¥  by  W  HoUatui  N  50  Oxford  St  June  1799 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Sheridan  (1.),  dressed  as  a  Spanish  don, 
in  feathered  hat,  slashed  tunic,  and  trunk  hose,  runs  off  to  the  1.,  his  back 
bending  under  an  enormous  sack  of  guineas,  which  Fox  (r.)  slashes  fur- 
tively, catching  the  guineas  in  his  bonnet-rouge.  Behind  (r.)  is  a  building 

557 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

with  a  colonnade,  intended  for  Drury  Lane  Theatre,  but  simplified ;  before 
one  side  is  a  hoarding.  Above  Sheridan's  head :  /  must  hurry  home  or  I  shall 
be  way  laid  by  the  Jacobin  Banditti!  My  heart  sinks  and  my  sack  seems 
lighter  every  step  I  go  Pizarro,  Pizarro,  what  a  fortunate  General  thou  hast 
been,  with  the  aid  of  a  single  officer,  the  great  Rolla,  to  have  work'd  such 
wonders!! 

Sheridan's  very  profitable  Pizarro,  see  No.  9396,  &c.,  owed  much  of  its 
popularity  to  the  patriotic  speech  of  Rolla,  ii.  1 1 ;  this  was  reprinted  during 
the  threat  of  invasion  (1803)  as  Sheridan's  Address  to  the  People,  headed 
'Our  King!  Our  Country!  And  our  God!'  (price  id.  or  6s.  the  100).  See 
No.  9407. 
9JX12I  in. 

9398  RETURNING  FROM  PIZARRO!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W:  Holland  N  50  Oxford  St:  June  ijgg. 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Sheridan,  a  candle  in  each  hand,  shambles 
before  the  royal  party,  ushering  them  through  the  theatre  and  looking 
over  his  shoulder  with  an  expression  of  exasperated  anxiety.  The  King, 
in  back  view,  turns  to  the  Queen,  saying,  /  like  the  Author  very  much — 
took  him  for  a  Jacobin — no  such  thing — quite  a  different  man — brim  full  of 
loyalty — Fll  certainly  come  again!!  Behind  the  pair  Salisbury,  the  Lord 
Chamberlain,  walks  stiffly,  holding  his  staff  and  wearing  his  gold  key.  He 
is  followed  by  one  of  the  Princesses  (Augusta  Sophia),  walking  with 
the  Prince  of  Orange,  whose  portly  contour  and  sulky  profile  with  closed 
eye  appear  on  the  extreme  1.  Through  the  door  (probably  that  from  the 
box  lobby)  Fox  is  seen  holding  a  constable's  staff  and  saying  to  the  crowd, 
anxious  to  see  the  arrival:  Stand  away  there,  don't  stop  up  the  passage  you 
pack  of  Jacobin  Rascals. 

See  No.  9396,  &c.  The  command  performance  on  5  June  was  the  first 
at  Drury  Lane  for  four  years.  Sheridan  (with  two  others)  met  the  King 
and  Queen  and  escorted  them  with  lighted  tapers  to  their  box,  giving  rise 
to  the  witticism  that  he  'has  lately  appeared  to  his  Sovereign  in  a  new  Light'. 
Morning  Herald,  6  and  8  June.  See  Nos.  9399,  9402. 
io|xi4^  in. 

9399  THE  RETURN  FROM  PIZARRO 
[L  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  by  J  Atkin  Castle  S^  Liecebter  [sic]  square  June  5  ijgg 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Sheridan  (1.)  in  Court  dress,  wearing 
a  long  sword  and  enormous  black  bag  to  his  wig,  marches  stiffly  erect  (in 
contrast  with  his  usual  stooping  shamble)  before  the  King  and  Queen, 
holding  a  lighted  candle  in  each  hand ;  he  says :  Behold  me  ye  Jacobines  and 
Weep.  The  King  turns  to  the  Queen  to  say:  Yes.  Yes  we'll  come  again  Very 
Loyal  no  Jacobin — not  believe  it.  Behind  walks  Salisbury,  one  gouty  leg 
swathed,  with  his  Chamberlain's  staff  and  gold  key;  he  says:  Oh  he  is  the 
Wisest  Wiliest  best  of  Men  to  Walk  before  the  K.  The  head  of  Fox,  weep- 
ing, looks  down  through  a  small  window  at  the  royal  pair;  he  says:  /  wish 
I  was  a  Manager! 

For  Pizarro  see  No.  9396,  &c. ;  for  the  command  performance  No.  9398. 
Fox  called  Pizarro  'the  worst  thing  possible'.   Rogers,  Table  Talk,  1887, 
p.  96. 
8i«X  I2f  in.  (cropped). 

558 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

9400  SUPPLY  FOR  THE  ALLIES  BILLYS  WONDERFUL  GOOSE 
LAYING  GOLDEN  EGGS 

WOK  [O'Keefe.] 

Pu¥  by  J:  Aitken  Castle  S^  Leicester  Square  June  6'*  ijgg 

Engraving.  Pitt  (1.)  supports  a  large  sack  from  which  issue  pieces  of  food 
(or  dope)  with  which  he  feeds  The  Goose  jf"°  Bull.  This  animal,  a  goose 
with  a  human  head,  stands  on  a  rectangular  platform  and  deposits  eggs 
composed  of  guineas  together  with  a  shower  of  guineas  into  a  shallow 
coffer  inscribed  Treasury  which  stands  on  the  r.  portion  of  the  platform. 
The  golden  shower  is  partly  intercepted  by  Dundas,  whose  head  and  arms 
only  are  visible.  The  King,  whose  arms  only  appear,  holds  out  a  Hoard 
Bag.  Pitt  says:  It's  a  surprizing  Precious  Bird  F II  feed  it  well  that  it  may 
Yeild  Enough  to  Supply  all  my  good  friends  &  Connections,  I  see  he's  laying 
them  all  in  the  Right  place.  His  sack  is  New  Budget,  or  Continential  Relish 
for  John  Bull,  and  is  covered  with  the  word  Taxes  at  regular  intervals.  Its 
contents  are:  Defeat  of  the  French  [cf.  No.  9403] ;  New  Loan  20  Millions; 
New  Taxes ;  General  Swal^low's^  Conque\sts'\ ;  Income  Dose  &  Loan  for 
Allies ;  French  Fleet  Destroyd  [see  No.  9250,  &c.] ;  Repeated  Success  of  the 
Allies.  The  goose  says:  This  is  a  Devil  of  a  Composition,  he's  now  giving  me 
— It 's  something  like  a  German  Mess,  by  its  griping  &  Working  &  I  suppose, 
he  means  it  as  a  purging  Dose — by  way  of  Emtying  my  Budget  to  fill  his  Own. 
The  (invisible)  King  says :  Aye  Aye,  What,  What,  Gold  Pipins  Gold  Pipins, 
they  are  a  Coming — come  good  Goosey  do  a  little  in  my  Bag  &  good  Goosey 
shall  be  fed  as  long  as  it  can  Cack — .  Dundas  says :  The  De'il  take  e'en  I  nea 
Saw  the  like  in  all  the  Heighlands,  I  can  na  get  to  Catch  a  Baubee,  they  come 
out  in  such  great  force  they  nock  one  Doone. 

Perhaps  dated  to  coincide  with  the  King's  Message  on  a  subsidy  to 
Russia  (6  June),  debated  7  June.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  1042  ff.  The  budget 
(also  7  June)  was  unopposed.  Large  subsidies  had  been  granted  to  Russia 
and  Austria.  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  p.  373.  For  the  Income  Tax 
see  No.  9363,  &c. ;  for  Suvoroff,  No.  9408,  &c.  For  former  subsidies  cf. 
No.  8821,  &c.  Cf.  Nos.  8654,  8998,  9025,  where  Pitt  and  Dundas, 
encouraged  by  George  III,  corruptly  exploit  John  Bull. 
8^Xi2|in. 

9401  INDEPENDENCE. 
J^  Gillray  ad  vivum  fee* 

Pu¥  June  9'*  1799.  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Jones  stands  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
directed  to  the  1.,  staring  fixedly,  r.  arm  raised,  snapping  his  fingers,  1. 
hand  in  the  pocket  of  his  long  waistcoat,  legs  apart.  He  is  corpulent,  bald 
except  for  his  queue,  but  with  bushy  whiskers.  Behind  him  are  three  tiers 
of  empty  benches ;  his  large  round  hat  is  on  the  bench  beside  him.  His 
plain  long  coat  with  half-boots  denotes  the  country  gentleman.  His  speech 
is  etched  across  the  upper  part  of  the  design :  Im  an  Independent  Man,  Sir, 
— &  I  don't  care  That!  who  hears  me  say  so! — /  dont  like  Wooden  Shoes! 
no  Sir,  neither  French  Wooden  Shoes,  no  nor  English  Wooden  shoes,  neither! — 
and  as  to  the  tall  Gentleman  over  the  way  [Sheridan],  /  can  tell  him,  that 
I'm  no  Pizarro!  [see  No.  9396,  &c.] — Fll  not  hold  up  the  Devil's  Tail  to 
fish  for  a  Place,  or  a  Pension!! — I'm  no  skulker! — no,  nor  no  Seceder  neither! 
[see  No.  9018,  &c.]  I' II  not  keep  out  of  the  way,  for  fear  of  being  told  my  own! 
— Here's  my  Place,  &  Here  I  ought  to  speak! — /  warrant  I'll  not  sneak  into 

559 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Taverns  to  drink  humbug-Toasts  that  I  am  afraid  to  explain,  not  I!  [see 
Nos.  9168,  9205,  &c.] — my  motto  is,  "Independence  &  Old  England" — and 
That!  for  all  the  rest  of  the  World!  there;  That!— That!— That!— That!— 
That! 

Thomas  Tyrwhitt  Jones  of  Carrighova,  Denbighshire,  was  M.P.  for 
Denbigh  (1796-1802).  His  words  burlesque  the  general  tenor  of  his 
speeches,  which  were  in  the  part  of  the  blunt,  patriotic,  non-party,  and 
eccentric  John  Bull.  He  spoke  against  a  motion  for  peace  with  France 
(1797),  for  the  country  gentlemen  against  the  moneyed  interest,  on  Nelson's 
victory,  and  denounced  the  Union  as  'possessed  of  all  the  characteristics 
of  French  fraternity'.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiii.  424,  1373,  1561;  xxxiv.  241, 
500,  &c.  Cf,  Nos.  9404,  9464.  He  was  to  become  more  conspicuous  by  his 
motions  on  8  May  (against  continuance  of  the  war)  and  4  Dec.  1800  (for 
the  dismissal  of  the  Ministry). 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  264.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  243.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.^ 
1830, 
I2ix8|  in. 

9402  PIZZARO  ANEW  PLAY  OR  THE  DRURY-LANE  MASQUE- 
RADE. 

[PAnsell.] 

Pu¥  June  11^^  lygg  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Sheridan,  fat  and  grotesque,  dressed 
as  Pizarro,  strides  to  the  front  of  the  royal  box,  followed  by  the  King  and 
Queen  in  Court  dress.  He  holds  out  a  guttering  candle  in  each  hand  and 
shouts  towards  the  stage :  Stand  by  there,  move  that  Stone  out  of  the  Way 
hollo  Music  there  play  God  Save  the  King  d'ye  hear  take  care  Sire  mind 
that  Step,  louder  there  Music  make  room  for  the  best  of  Kings  &  wisest  of 
Sovereigns!  Encore.  The  King  says  to  the  bejewelled  Queen:  No!  no!  no 
Jacobins  here  all  Loyal  all  Loyal,  Charming  Man  the  Author  eh!  charming 
Man,  never  saw  him  in  such  a  good  light  before.  Three  princesses  follow ; 
one  says:  bless  me  I  never  saw  that  General  at  Court.  Behind  are  two 
princes  in  uniform  with  gorgets,  evidently  the  Dukes  of  York  and  Cumber- 
land. On  the  floor  by  Sheridan  are  two  papers:  Maidstone  Loyalty  [see 
No.  9245,  &c.],  and  [Tomorr^ow  Evening  performed  a  new  play  called  the 
Loyal  Author  to  which  will  be  added  a  Peep  behind  the  Curtain  Vivan[t] 
Rex  et  Regina.  The  curtain  is  down;  on  the  proscenium,  replacing  the 
usual  Veluti  in  Speculum,  is  Anti  Jacobin  House.  Two  men  stand  in  the 
pit,  waving  their  hats  towards  the  royal  box ;  one  is  Fox. 

For  Pizarro  see  No.  9396,  &c.,  and  for  the  command  performance 
No.  9398.  All  the  principal  Drury  Lane  singers  sang  'God  Save  the  King' 
before  the  perfomance,  with  the  Duke  of  York's  (Coldstream)  band  on  the 
stage.  'Rule  Britannia'  was  sung  between  Pizarro  and  the  farce  ('The 
Apprentice')  and  'God  Save  the  King'  was  again  sung  while  the  King  and 
Queen  were  leaving  the  theatre  (it  was  then  sung  as  an  occasional  loyal 
demonstration,  cf.  No.  7736,  A  Peep  behind  the  Curtain  at  Drury  Lane, 
1789,  and  No.  9536,  &c.).  Morning  Herald,  6  June  1799. 
9Xi5iin. 

9402  A  A  copy  is  pi.  N"  XVII  to  London  und  Paris,  iv,  1799.  Explana- 
tory text,  pp.  166-^6. 
6 J  X  8i  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

560 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

9403  FRENCH  GENERALS  RETIRING,  ON  ACCOUNT  OF  THEIR 
HEALTH :— WITH  LEPAUX  PRESIDING  IN  THE  DIRECTORIAL 
DISPENSARY. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  June  20^^  I799y  by  H  Humphrey  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  crowded  design :  the  room  of  a  quack 
doctor  or  astrologer;  Larevelliere-Lepeaux  sits  at  his  table  in  a  gothic 
chair;  five  generals  approach  him  from  the  r.,  two  others  are  seated  (1.) 
behind  his  chair.  The  doctor  wears  his  official  (Director's)  dress  (see 
No.  9199)  with  feathered  hat;  a  bonnet-rouge  crowns  the  back  of  his  chair, 
against  which  leans  a  book:  Hortus  Siccus  (Larevelliere  was  a  botanist). 
He  is  hunchbacked,  with  deformed  legs  ('The  holy  Hunchback  .  .  .',  cf. 
No.  9240).  He  holds  up  a  retort  in  which  a  liquid  explodes,  so  that  tiny 
decollated  heads  fly  upwards.  On  his  table  are  jars,  bottles,  and  an  open 
book:  Mai  de  Naples  sive  Morbus  Gallicus.  (The  blockade  of  Naples  by 
the  British  fleet  was  followed  by  its  evacuation  by  the  French  (8  May)  and 
risings  against  the  republicans.)  A  mortar  is  inscribed  Arch-Duke  Boluses 
(the  Arch-duke  Charles  had  beaten  the  French  decisively  at  Stockach, 
25  Mar.).  A  jar  is  Preparation  of  Lead,  a  box  is  Lake's  Pills  (a  pun  on 
Leake's  quack  remedy;  Lake  had  defeated  the  Irish  rising  in  1798).  A 
large  jar  of  Esprit  de  Robespierre  contains  a  guillotine;  a  smaller  one, 
a  dagger.  The  five  generals  are  in  advanced  stages  of  disease  or  decay. 
The  foremost  holds  his  hat;  from  his  pocket  issues  a  paper:  Case  of 
Diabetes.  The  next  hobbles,  contorted  with  pain,  his  shambling  puny  legs 
swollen  below  the  knee,  his  boot  slashed ;  he  has  a  paper:  Vennemi  inquietait 
mes  derrieres.  A  lean  man  has  one  eye  and  holds  an  ear-trumpet  to  his  ear. 

On  the  1.  a  general,  his  face  distorted,  sits  painfully  on  a  close-stool 
decorated  with  a  bonnet-rouge  and  motto:  Vive  la  grande  Nation.  He 
clutches  a  paper:  Ordres,  les  Ordres.  Beside  him  is  a  torn  paper.  Plans  de 
Campagne.  Jourdan,  facing  him,  vomits  into  a  chamber-pot  punningly 
inscribed  Jourdan  (cf.  No.  7908,  &c.).  On  the  ground  are  clyster-pipe  and 
syringe,  books,  and  papers :  French  Conquetes  (torn) ;  Regime  de  Terreur  with 
alo  Septembre  (No.  8122),  Russian  Regimen  (see  No.  9408,  &c.),  Hosologie 
[sic]  Francoise,  and  Catalogue  of  new  French  Diseases. 

A  large  crocodile,  emblem  of  the  quack  and  of  Egypt  (see  No.  9250), 
is  suspended  (as  in  No.  7735)  from  the  roof  by  tricolour  bands.  Against 
the  wall  are  many  emblematical  objects:  on  the  extreme  1.  an  ape  (Liberty) 
seated  on  a  bracket  holds  a  bonnet-rouge  on  a  staff.  Above  is  a  terrestrial 
globe  suspended  upside  down.  Next  are  two  mummies  swathed  with 
tricolour  bandages ;  the  larger  is  Buonaparte,  the  smaller  Kleber  (both  con- 
fined to  Egypt  by  the  British  fleet).  Glass  jars  containing  specimens  of 
abortion  are  ranged  on  a  long  shelf  inscribed  Projets  Avortes  [sic].  Some 
of  the  labels  are  illegible,  others  are :  Ireland,  Commune  de  Pekin,  Venise, 
Department  du  Mont  Caucase,  Directoire  d'Abissinie  [see  No.  9352],  Armee 
du  Gange. 

A  satire  on  the  French  defeats  of  1799,  cf.  Nos.  9408,  9412,  and  on  the 
grandiose  schemes  of  Bonaparte  in  the  East.  Jourdan's  vis-a-vis  is  probably 
Bernadotte:  after  Stockach  both  generals  gave  rise  to  scandal  by  leaving 
their  retreating  armies  to  go  to  Paris  for  recriminations.  Scherer,  in  com- 
mand of  the  Army  of  Italy,  retreated  before  the  Austrians  and,  after 
negotiations  with  the  Directory,  resigned  his  command,  being  replaced  by 
Moreau  (26  Apr.).  Pariset,  Histoire  de  France  contemporaine,  ii.  1920,  pp. 

561  o  o 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

399-400.  The  Others  may  include  Macdonald,  Championnet,  and  Joubert, 
all  defeated  in  Italy. 

The  original  water-colour  drawing  by  Gillray  is  in  the  Print  Room. 
There  are  many  slight  differences  in  the  five  officers  on  the  r.,  and  in  the 
accessories.  The  second  mummy  is  absent,  its  place  supplied  by  large 
bottles.  The  other  bottles  are  merely  indicated  and  are  differently  placed. 
One  row  is  replaced  by  a  sword  inscribed  'Robespierre'.  The  inscriptions 
below  the  design  are  fewer  than  in  the  print,  but  include  some  that  have 
not  been  used.  Jourdan  says  'jai  ete  force  d'evacuer'.  Bernadotte  says 
'Caira  Fructidor'  (cf.  No.  9031)  and  'Citoyen  je  profite  de  la  Commodite'. 
The  inscription  for  Lepeaux's  book  (not  depicted)  is  given  in  full.  An  object 
on  the  table  is  'Regime  de  Terreur*.    io|^X  15^  in. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  260.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  245.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.  Reproduced  Weber,  p.  102.  Listed  by  Broadley. 
9j»gXi4in. 

9404    THE    ENRAGED    POLITICIAN    OR   THE    SUNDAY   RE- 
FORMER OR  A  NOBLE  BELMAN  CRYING  STINKING  FISH 

Cruikshank  Del 

Pub  June  25,  lygg  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  street  scene.  Lord  Belgrave  leans 
from  a  window,  a  large  Bible  in  one  hand,  the  other  resting  on  the  sill  and 
on  an  Act  to  Prevent  Sabbath  Breaking  among  the  Poor.  He  glares  down 
at  a  noisy  crowd  which  fills  the  space  between  his  house  and  a  house 
where  through  two  wide-open  sash-windows  are  visible  the  performers  in 
a  private  and  fashionable  concert:  two  vocalists  scream,  accompanied  by 
a  lady  pianist  and  by  two  violins,  a  'cello,  and  flute.  Milbank,  on  the  street 
corner,  indicates  Grosvenor  House. 

The  crowd  chiefly  consists  of  newsboys  who  scream  and  blow  their 
horns.  A  boy  with  the  [Sunda]y  Observer  screams  Bloody  Great  News, 
looking  up  at  Belgrave.  A  man  with  Ninth  Edition  displayed  on  his  hat 
shouts  Bloody  News — Great  News  from  General  S'warro  [see  No.  9408,  &c.], 
but  holds  up  the  Sunday  Reformer,  inscribed  The  Trial  of  L.  G.  [Lady 
Grosvenor]  for  Adultry  [for  the  sensational  suit  of  crim.  con.  brought  in 
1770  by  Belgrave's  father  against  the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  see  Nos.  4400, 
4845,  &c.].  There  are  six  others,  with  the  inscribed  caps  worn  by  news- 
boys (cf.  No.  5200):  the  Volunter  [sic],  Informer,  Sun\day'\  Moniter  blow 
horns ;  two  Sunday  Review  boys  scream  Bloody  News,  as  does  Bells  weekly 
Messenger.  A  milkmaid  with  her  pails  screams  Milk  below,  a  man  with 
milk-pails :  Milk,  pretty  Maids.  Two  fish-wives  shout  New  Mackarel  and 
Mackarel;  one  of  these  wears  a  military  coat. 

A  satire  on  the  motion  (27  May)  by  Lord  Belgrave  for  a  Bill  to  suppress 
Sunday  newspapers,  debated  30  May  and  11  June,  when  it  was  defeated. 
He  wished  to  increase  the  ineffective  penalties  for  Sunday  trading  and  to 
make  the  sale  of  newspapers  on  Sunday  a  breach  of  the  peace.  He  was 
supported  by  Wilberforce  and  Windham  and  opposed  by  Sheridan  and 
others.  Jones  (see  No.  9401)  'thought  it  cruel  to  ruin  men  by  this  morality 
bill,  while  routs,  concerts,  &c.  were  permitted  to  be  kept  at  the  houses  of 
the  opulent  on  the  Sunday'.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  1006-14.  ^^^  ^^^o  Lady 
Holland's  Journal,  1908,  i.  258.  Milk  and  mackerel  were  excepted  from 
the  Sunday  Observance  Act. 
8|xi4iin. 

562 


POLITICAL  SATIRES    1799 

9404  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N°  XIX  to  London  und  Paris,  iv,  1799. 
'Enraged'  is  mis-spelt  Enraget.  Explanatory  text,  pp.  246-54. 

6i\ X  8^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9405  LIBERTY,     EQUALITY,     FRATERNITY. 

Published  July  4^^  1799,  ^y  J-  Stockdale,  Piccadilly. 

Engraving.  Liberty  (1.)  is  represented  by  an  aged  man  in  a  tattered  coat, 
dragging  painfully  after  him  a  large  weight  which  is  attached  by  a  heavy 
chain  to  a  ring  round  his  neck.  Two  asses,  noses  touching,  symbolize 
equality.  A  nude  man  (r.)  attacks  with  a  club  his  brother,  who  is  prostrate 
and  defenceless.  Fires  burn  on  two  identical  rough  stone  altars ;  the  smoke 
ascends  from  one,  not  from  the  other,  causing  the  fratricidal  contest,  remi- 
niscent of  Cain  and  Abel. 

One  of  many  attacks  on  the  French  Revolution,  differing  from  others 
in  its  quasi-classical  and  allegorical  character. 
71^X12  in. 

9406  DOCTOR  PIZARRO  ADMINISTRING  TO  HIS  PATIENTS! 

London  Pu¥  by  William  Holland,  N°  50,  Oxford  Street,  July  8, 1799. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Sheridan,  dressed  as  Pizarro  (as  in  No. 
9396),  stands  over  his  patient  Fox,  who  leans  back  in  an  arm-chair  holding 
to  his  nose  a  bottle  labelled  Essence  of  Loyalty.  Fox  says :  The  ingredients 
are  amazingly  strong  Doctor!  Sheridan  answers:  Don't  be  afraid,  Sir,  snuff 
it  up  freely,  it  will  soon  cure  you — /  know  your  case  perfectly  well,  it 's  only 
a  few  Jacobin  Qualms  that  is  the  occasion  of  it.  I  was  once  troubled  with  them 
myself,  but  the  essence  soon  cured  me.  I  have  a  number  of  Gentlemen  in  the 
same  way  waiting  for  me  in  the  other  room. 

Through  a  doorway  (1.)  are  seen,  in  close  conference,  Derby,  Burdett, 
and  Erskine,  who  says :  Sure  to  cure,  was  never  known  to  fail  yet,  particularly 
among  my  Friends  in  the  Law.  In  the  foreground  (1.)  is  a  large  medicine- 
chest,  of  Patent  Medecines,  decorated  with  the  Royal  Arms,  and  contain- 
ing :  Essence  of  Loyalty,  \  Court  Sticking  Plaister,  \  Pizarro  Pills.  \  Anti- 
Jacobin  Drops.  Norfolk  (r.),  in  profile  to  the  1.,  stands  behind  Sheridan, 
saying.  Doctor,  when  you  have  done  with  that  Gentleman  I  wish  to  have 
another  Box  of  your  Pizarro  Pills;  I  found  great  benefit  from  the  last  dose. 
On  the  extreme  r.  the  profile  of  George  III  looks  into  the  room  through 
a  window ;  he  says :  Wonderful  great  man  this  Doctor  Pizarro — Kills  or 
Cures  Fm  told — those  gentlemen  were  Patients  of  mine  once  but  could  not  cure 
them,  so  refractory!  For  Pizarro  see  No.  9396,  &c. 
io|Xi4|-  in. 

9407  ROLLA'S  ADDRESS  TO  THE  PERUVIAN  ARMY. 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N  50  Oxford  Street,  July  12*^  ^799' 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (caricatured),  dressed  as  RoUa, 
addresses  a  group  of  chieftains  (1.) ;  the  ranks  of  the  Peruvian  army  with 
erect  spears  watch  from  the  background.  Below  the  (printed)  title  is 
printed  RoUa's  patriotic  speech  from  Pizarro,  11.  ii,  beginning  'My  brave 
Associates',  'and  ...  we  serve  a  Monarch  whom  we  love  .  .  .'  (see  No. 
9436).  He  stands  with  both  arms  outstretched,  head  turned  in  profile  to 
the  1.,  pointing  rhetorically  across  the  sea  to  the  Spaniards,  whom  Sheridan 
(in  this  speech)  equates  with  French  republicans,  and  who  are  here 

563 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

represented  by  the  Foxites.  The  Peruvians  wear  feathered  head-dresses 
and  feather  kilts  in  the  manner  of  Red  Indians,  except  Dundas,  who  wears 
tartan  and  feathered  head-dress.  Dundas  (caricatured)  sits  on  the  ground 
holding  bow  and  shield,  and  looking  with  cunning  scepticism  at  Pitt;  he 
is  the  only  one  of  the  ministerial  group  of  five  who  can  be  identified,  though 
others  may  be  presumed  to  be  Grenville,  Portland,  and  Windham. 

The  Foxites,  who  'fight  for  power,  for  plunder  and  extended  rule',  and 
follow  'an  Adventurer  whom  they  fear',  all  wear  or  carry  bonnets-rouges 
and  have  tricolour  flags,  one  inscribed  Libertas.  They  are  small  comic 
figures  headed  by  Fox,  who  urges  them  towards  the  water.  The  others 
(1.  to  r.)  are  Lauderdale  with  a  flag,  Derby  with  a  shield,  Bedford  wearing  a 
jockey  cap,  Erskine  in  wig  and  gown,  Norfolk  holding  his  Earl  Marshal's 
staff,  Tierney  holding  pistols  (see  No.  9218,  &c.),  Burdett,  and  two  un- 
identified figures. 

For  Pizarro  see  No.  9396,  &c.  The  scene  is  burlesqued  and  altered  from 
the  play,  where  it  takes  place  in  the  Temple  of  the  Sun.   The  patriotic 
speech  of  RoUa  (cf.  No.  9436)  made  the  fortune  of  the  play  and  was 
reprinted  as  a  broadside  or  placard  in  1803,  see  No.  9397. 
9i|xi7iin. 

9408  THE  RUSSIAN  COLOSSUS 
[I.  Cruikshank.] 

[Pub.]  July  I5y  1799  by  S  W Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  [Caricatures 
Lent] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression,  mutilated).  Suvoroff,  holding  a  French 
army  in  each  crooked  elbow,  his  r.  foot  planted  on  Paris  (1.),  a  fortified 
town,  is  about  to  put  his  1.  foot  on  Peters[burg].  His  appearance  and  dress, 
though  caricatured,  are  less  grotesquely  untrue  to  life  than  in  earlier  prints. 
In  his  cartouche  box,  inscribed  Les  Directoire,  are  the  five  Directors;  he 
removes  a  long  pipe  from  his  mouth  to  emit  a  blast  of  smoke  at  them, 
saying.  There  now,  be  quiet  will  you.  They  say :  This  Monster  will  be  the 
Destruction  of  us  all.  In  his  r.  arm  is  Moreau's  Army,  in  his  1.,  Macdonalds 
Army  (men,  horses,  flags,  cannon,  and  bayonets).  Through  his  legs  is 
seen  Turin.  On  the  extreme  1.  Spain,  at  which  he  emits  a  blast  from  his 
posteriors.  From  Petersburg  issue  the  words:  here  he  comes — here  he 
comes  got  them  all  in  his  knapsack. 

Moreau,  having  been  defeated  by  Suvoroff  at  Cassano  (27  Apr.), 
retreated  through  Piedmont  to  join  Macdonald,  who  was  marching  north 
with  the  Army  of  Naples.  But  Suvoroff  defeated  Macdonald  at  Trebbia 
(17-19  June),  completing  the  defeat  of  the  French  in  Italy.  He  had  entered 
Turin  in  May.  See  Sorel,  V Europe  et  la  Rev.  fr.  v,  1910,  407-15 ;  W.  L. 
Blease,  Suvorof,  1920,  pp.  217  ff.,  and  Nos.  9387,  9388,  9390,  9392,  9393, 
9400,  9412.  Cf.  No.  9403.  The  five  Directors  (cf.  No.  9387)  were  Barras, 
Sieyes  (from  11  May),  and  (from  18  June)  Ducos,  Gohier,  Moulins. 
c.  i4|xiof  in. 

9409  TRYING  ON  A  TURN'D  COAT!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  Oxford  Street.  August  1 1799. 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).    In  a  tailor's  work-room,  Pitt,  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  adjusts  Sheridan's  1.  sleeve.    Sheridan  stands  very  erect  and 
spruce,  in  court  dress,  chapeau-bras,  and  wearing  a  sword ;  his  scarlet  coat 

564 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

is  lined  with  blue  and  has  blue  facings,  like  the  Windsor  uniform.  He  says : 
By  turning  it  may  be  Blue  or  Scarlet  at  pleasure — the  very  thing  I  wanted. 
Pitt  answers :  Exactly  so  Sir — /  never  saw  you  look  so  graceful  you  bear  your 
blushing  honours  thick  upon  you!  You  are  absolutely  fit  to  go  to  Court — - 
A  little  tight  about  the  sleeve,  but  that  is  owing  to  the  scouring — Should  be 
happy  of  your  recommendation  to  any  of  your  Friends — We  turn  Coats  at 
a  few  hours  notice — always  employ  the  best  of  workmen.  Two  tailors  sit  cross- 
legged  on  the  shop-board:  Dundas  (r.),  in  tartan,  legal  wig,  and  Scots 
bonnet,  looks  askance  at  Sheridan  as  if  scenting  a  rival.  Grenville  sews 
with  unconcern.  Through  a  closed  window  (1.)  Norfolk  and  Fox  look  into 
the  room  with  expressions  of  alarm.  Fox  (r.)  says:  Why  surely  it  cant  be 
him  he  used  to  wear  Blue  and  Buff!  Norfolk  answers :  /  tell  you  I  saw  him 
go  in — the  Coat's  only  turned — it  may  be  Blue  to  morrow  should  occasion 
require  I  am  told  that  this  is  a  famous  shop  in  that  way  [see  No.  9508]. 

A  satire  on  the  patriotic  speech  in  Pizarro,  see  No.  9396,  &c.,  which 
had  caused  the  King  to  attend  the  play,  see  No.  9398.  Sheridan's  apparent 
change  of  front  was  made  at  a  time  when  the  fortunes  of  the  Opposition 
were  at  their  lowest  point  owing  to  the  successes  of  the  Second  Coalition 
against  the  Directory,  cf.  No.  9411.  Cf.  his  attitude  to  the  naval  mutinies. 
io|xi3|in. 

9410  A  FRENCH  GENTLEMAN  OF  THE  COURT  OF  LOUIS 

XVITH 

A  FRENCH  GENTLEMAN  OF  THE  COURT  OF  tGKlATt,  1799. 
y^  Gillray,  inv  &  fee 

Pu¥  August  15*^  1799-  by  H.  Humphrey  2y  S^  James's  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  elderly  courtier  of  the  ancien  regime 
(1.)  bows  low,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  grimacing:  Je  suis  votre  tres  humble 
Serviteur.  His  features  are  aquiline ;  he  wears  a  high  toupet  wig  and  a  large 
black  bag  (which  flies  into  the  air  as  he  bows)  with  a  solitaire  ribbon  round 
the  neck.  His  small  tricorne  hat  is  in  his  r.  hand,  his  1.  hand  is  on  his 
breast;  his  fingers  are  extravagantly  pointed.  His  successor  (r.)  stands  in 
back  view,  legs  astride,  hands  thrust  deep  into  his  coat-pockets,  a  bludgeon 
projecting  vertically  from  the  1.  pocket.  His  head,  with  blunt,  coarse 
features,  is  turned  in  profile  to  the  1.,  to  say:  Baiser  mon  Cu  [sic].  He  has 
shaggy  hair  with  a  long  pigtail  queue,  and  wears  a  large  cocked  hat,  one 
peak  on  his  neck,  round  which  is  a  clumsy  neck-cloth.  His  coat  is  loose 
with  broad  collar  and  projecting  revers.  His  breeches  are  tied  beneath  the 
knee,  showing  striped  stockings  above  very  wrinkled  boots  with  grotesquely 
pointed  toes. 

A  reduced  copy  was  issued  without  imprint.  A.  de  R.  xv.  131. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  165.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  455.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
10  X  13I  in. 

9410  a  A  copy:  Ja^  Gillray  deP,  second  title  A  French  Gentlemaman 
[sic],  faces  p.  91  of  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 

6x8fin.  With  border,  7IX9I  in.  B.M.L.  745.  a.  6. 

9411  THE  FUNERAL  OF  THE  REMAINS  OF  OPPOSITION! 
London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland,  Oxford  Street.  Septem^  I799- 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).   John  Bull,  a  carter,  tips  the  contents  of 
a  rough  two-wheeled  cart,  John  Bull's  Rubbish  Cart,  into  a  circular  pit. 

565 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

The  contents  are  the  Opposition:  Fox  (T.Q.L.),  the  largest  figure,  is  sliding 
in;  he  clutches  the  long  forelock  of  Burdett,  who  with  Tierney  is  just 
behind  him,  and  still  in  the  cart.  He  looks  despairingly  at  Pitt,  who  stands 
(r.)  in  profile  to  the  1.,  in  surplice  and  bands,  and  pointing  down  the  pit. 
Pitt  reads  from  his  open  book:  With  a  sincere  hope  that  none  of  you  will 
ever  rise  again,  I  commit  you  all  to  the  Pit-hole!  Sheridan  is  about  to  fall  in 
head  first.  Behind,  and  towering  above  Burdett  and  Tierney  (who  are 
comparatively  self-controlled),  is  Erskine  in  wig  and  gown,  holding  a  Brief  , 
his  arms  raised  in  terrified  supplication.  On  his  1.  is  the  profile  of  Bedford 
(r.)  wearing  a  jockey-cap.  The  large  head  of  the  tiny  Lord  Derby  is  in  the 
back  1.  corner  of  the  cart.  Two  small  feet  are  disappearing  into  the  pit, 
perhaps  belonging  to  M.  A.  Taylor.  The  carter,  raising  the  back  of  the 
cart,  says:  Good  bye  to  you,  my  Masters,  Parson  Billy  will  soon  settle  the 
business.   His  horse,  unharnessed,  stands  with  its  head  behind  the  cart. 

The  fortunes  of  the  Opposition,  owing  to  the  successes  of  the  Allies, 
were  at  this  time  at  the  lowest  point  reached  during  the  war  of  1 793-1801. 
For  their  extreme  unpopularity  cf.  Journal  of  Lady  Holland,  1908,  i.  203 
(Nov.  1798),  ii.  21  (Sept.  1799).   See  No.  9248,  &c.,  and  cf.  No.  9258. 
8|Xi3in. 

9412  ALLIED-POWERS,  UN-BOOTING  EGALIT^. 

f  Gillrayp 

Pu¥  Sep"  J*^  1799.  by  H  Humphrey  N°  27  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bonaparte  (much  caricatured),  standing 
precariously  on  a  Dutch  Cheese,  is  attacked  by  the  allies.  Austria  and 
Russia  pull  from  his  thin  leg  a  large  clumsy  boot,  consisting  of  a  map  of 
Italy;  coins  (French  plunder)  pour  from  the  boot,  on  which  Naples, 
Rome,  Florence,  and  other  geographical  divisions  are  indicated.  Austria 
is  a  fierce  hussar,  smoking  a  pipe,  on  his  cap  is  the  Habsburg  eagle;  he 
tugs  at  the  boot,  the  Russian  bear  (on  the  extreme  1.)  assists  him,  its  paws 
clasping  his  waist.  A  ferocious  Turk  holds  Bonaparte  by  the  nose  and 
raises  a  scimitar  whose  blade,  inscribed  S^Jean  d'Acre,  drips  blood;  across 
his  shoulders  are  strung  bleeding  ears  and  noses  to  which  Bonaparte's  is 
to  be  added.  A  sailor  (r.),  representing  the  British  Navy,  seizes  Bonaparte 
from  behind;  in  his  hat  are  ribbons  inscribed  Nelson,  Duncan,  Bridport. 
A  fat  Dutchman  on  the  extreme  r.,  with  the  blunt  profile  of  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  tugs  at  the  cheese  in  order  to  dislodge  Bonaparte;  he  kneels  on 
a  paper,  Secret  Expedition.  Bonaparte's  uniform  is  ragged,  his  1.  foot  is 
bare,  but  in  each  hand  is  a  blood-stained  dagger.  In  the  background  (r.) 
tiny  figures  (probably  Dutch)  dance  hand-in-hand  round  a  bonfire  in 
which  burns  a  'Tree  of  Liberty',  a  bonnet-rouge  on  a  pole,  cf.  No.  9214. 
The  ill-judged  'secret  expedition'  to  North  Holland  (the  Helder)  under 
Abercromby  and  Admiral  Mitchell  sailed  on  13  Aug.  and  landed  on 
27  Aug.,  relying  on  the  support  of  Orangists  and  the  co-operation  of 
Russia.  On  the  30th  the  Dutch  fleet  surrendered  and  hoisted  the  Orange 
flag.  (Gazette,  3  Sept.)  See  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army,  iv.  2,  pp. 
641-59;  Aubrey-Fletcher,  Hist,  of  the  Foot  Guards,  1927,  pp.  162-73,  ^^^ 
Nos.  9413,  9414,  9419,  9420,  9421,  p.  574,  9447,  9520.  The  Turkish  fleet 
assisted  at  the  defence  of  Acre,  where  Bonaparte's  eastern  plans  were 
decisively  checked.  The  French  were  defeated  in  Italy  by  the  Russians 
under  Suv6roff  (see  No.  9408,  &c.),  co-operating  with  the  Austrians  under 
Melas.  Cf.  No.  9403.  For  the  share  of  the  British  Navy,  cf.  No.  9257,  &c. 

566 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  260.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  246.  Broadley,  i.  126-7. 
Van  Stolk,  No.  5468.  MuUer,  No.  5539  a.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
io|x  14  in. 

9413  FORGET  &  FORGIVE  OR  HONEST  JACK  SHAKING  HANDS 
WITH  AN  OLD  ACQUAINTANCE. 

[Rowlandson.] 

Pu¥  Sept"  3.  lygg  by  R.  Akerman  N  loi.  Strand 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  English  sailor  (1.),  just  landed  in 
Holland,  addresses  a  ragged  Dutchman :  Well  Mynheer  you  seem  heartily 
sick  of  Fraternity,  had  you  stuck  to  your  Old  Friends,  instead  instead  [sic]  of 
embracing  your  new  Tagged  relations,  you  might  have  kept  your  Gilders, 
saved  your  breeches,  and  preserved  both  States  and  Stateholder  [see  No.  8613]. 
Mynheer,  grasping  Jack's  r.  hand  in  both  his,  answers :  Ah  Mynheer  Bull 
these  cursed  french  Rats  have  gnawed  us  to  the  bone,  they  have  barely  left  us 
a  Pipe  a  drop  of  Hollands  or  a  Red  Herring.  Oh  what  a  pretty  pickle  have 
we  brought  ourselves  into.  Behind  Jack,  who  smokes  a  long  pipe,  is  a  stout 
Dutchwoman  (1.),  her  bust  much  exposed,  who  holds  a  bottle  of  Holland's 
Gin  and  offers  him  a  glass:  I  have  had  great  trouble  Mynheer  to  smuggle  this 
Bottle  for  you  those  french  Raggamuffins  search  me  so  close.  She  stands  on 
a  paper:  By  Order  of  the  French  Convention — If  any  Dutch  Woman  be 
detected  in  concealing  any  part  of  her  Husband's  private  property  she  shall  be 
Guillotined. 

Behind,  a  British  soldier,  who  has  just  landed,  pursues  French  soldiers 
with  a  bayonet,  they  drop  money-bags  in  their  frenzied  flight,  inscribed 

Ducats  and  Gilders  for  the  use  ofy^  Municipality.  One  cries :  Sacre  B gre 

here  be  dese  English  Bull  Dog — dey  be  such  stupid  Brute  dat  we  cannot  make 
them  comprehend  the  joys  of  Fraternization.  In  the  background  are  ships 
in  full  sail  close  to  shore ;  on  a  mast,  from  which  streams  a  pennant  inscribed 
View  of  the  Texel,  is  a  little  figure  wearing  a  hat. 

One  of  several  prints  on  the  so-called  secret  expedition  to  Holland,  see 
No.  9412,  &c.  The  Dutch  fleet  surrendered,  but  the  rising  on  which 
Grenville  had  counted  did  not  occur,  though  it  would  doubtless  have 
followed  military  success.   (Cf.  No.  8299,  &c.) 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  168. 

9414  THE  RECEPTION  IN  HOLLAND. 

J^  Gillray.  inv  &  fee* 

Pu¥  Sepf  5'*  1799  by  H.  Humphrey  S*  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  fat  Prince  of  Orange,  just  landed, 
stands  impassively,  surrounded  by  exuberantly  loyal  Hollanders.  Two  fat 
Dutchwomen  throw  their  arms  round  him  and  kiss  his  cheeks,  a  third  (r.) 
kisses  his  1.  hand.  Three  Dutchmen  kneel  at  his  feet,  one  of  whom 
prostrates  himself,  clasping  the  Prince's  r.  leg ;  another,  still  smoking,  raises 
his  eyes  and  clasped  hands  in  thanks  to  Heaven.  Frogs  (cf.  No.  718 1) 
clamber  up  the  Prince's  boots  or  imitate  the  attitude  of  the  Hollanders. 
In  the  middle  distance  are  Dutch  soldiers  with  fixed  bayonets  who  have 
come  to  join  the  Prince ;  their  flag,  a  stork  swallowing  a  serpent,  travesties 
the  arms  of  The  Hague.  On  the  r.  is  the  sea  with  boats  rowing  ashore  from 
English  men-of-war.  On  the  sloping  horizon  are  rejoicing  crowds  (tiny 
figures)  and  two  windmills. 

567 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

The  landing  of  the  British  troops  on  the  sand-dunes  on  27  Aug.  was 
opposed  by  General  Brune  with  French  and  Batavian  troops ;  the  French 
retreated  after  confused  fighting,  the  Dutch  fleet  obeyed  without  resistance 
a  summons  to  hoist  the  Orange  flag  and  surrender.  The  Prince  of  Orange 
issued  a  proclamation  to  the  Hollanders,  dated  Hampton  Court,  8  July 
1799  (Van  Stolk,  No.  5439),  urging  the  support  of  the  invaders,  but  the 
Dutch  failed  to  rise.  See  No.  9412,  &c.  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British 
Army^  iv.  2,  pp.  641  fi".  [Legrand],  La  Rev.  fr.  en  Hollande,  Paris,  1894, 
pp.  213  ff.  Navy  Records  Soc,  Spencer  Papers,  iii,  1923,  pp.  125-6, 
133-212. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  260.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  247.    Van  Stolk,  No. 
5470.  Muller,  No.  5540. 
io-|-X  14  in. 

9415  THE  MAGNANIMOUS  ALLY.— Painted  at  Petersbourg.  1799 
[Gillray.] 

Published — September  ly^^  1799 — h^  H.  Humphrey  N°  2y  S^  James's 
Street  London 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Paul  I,  caricatured, 
stands  full-face,  his  head  turned  in  profile  to  the  1.,  and  looking  up, 
arrogant  and  mean.  He  wears  uniform  with  a  star,  two  Crosses  of  the 
Order  of  the  Knights  of  St.  John,  and  a  ribbon.  (He  had  been  elected 
Grand  Master  in  Oct.  1798  by  the  Knights,  exiled  from  Malta,  who  had 
sought  refuge  in  Russia.)  He  wears  a  sash  over  his  coat,  the  tails  of  which 
reach,  beetle-like,  to  his  heels.  Under  his  r.  arm  is  a  huge  fringed  cocked 
hat,  in  his  gauntleted  1.  hand  he  holds  a  walking-stick.  He  tramples  on  a 
tattered  flag  inscribed  Vive  VEgalite.  A  low  horizon  and  clouds  form  a 
background.  Near  the  upper  margin  is  a  Russian  P  enclosing  i :  R,  symbol 
for  Paul  I. 

A  print,  like  No.  9390,  eloquent  of  dislike  of  the  Russian  alliance.  Paul, 
erratic  and  ungovernable,  abandoned  the  Coalition  in  Dec.  1799,  becoming 
openly  hostile  in  the  following  summer.  Pitt  said,  answering  Tierney 
(7  June  1799):  'There  is  no  ground  to  fear  that  that  magnanimous 
prince  will  act  with  infidelity  in  a  cause  in  which  he  is  so  sincerely 
engaged.  .  .  .'  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  1046.  Lady  Holland  calls  him  'our 
magnanimous  ally'  on  14  Feb.  1800.  Journal,  1908,  i.  47.  See  No.  9526. 
The  print  (unless  ante-dated)  does  not  reflect  the  misconduct  of  the 
Russian  troops  in  Holland  (19  Sept.  1799). 

Reissued  with  additions,  20  Jan.  1801,  see  vol.  viii.  (Wright  and  Evans, 
No.  256.) 
io|X7fin.  With  border,  1 2|X9f  in. 

9416  POLITICAL  HOAXING!! 
Woodward  delin. 

Pub.  Oct.  I.  1799  by  S.W.  Fores,  N"  50,  Piccadilly,  corner  of  Sack- 
ville  S^  Folio's  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Politicians,  isolated  figures  in  two  rows, 
stand  declaiming,  their  words  etched  above  their  heads,  [i]  Pitt,  head 
turned  in  profile  to  the  r.,  says:  Gentlemen  may  perhaps  fancy  I  am  Hoaxing, 
— when  I  inform  them  there  is  not  a  person  in  the  Kingdom, — but  what  rejoices 
at  the  continuation  of  the  present  Necessary — Glorious — Popular — Success- 
ful— &  Magnanimous  [cf.  No,  9415]  War — the  more  the  people  pay  for  it 

568 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

the  better  they  are  satisfied — I  will  maintain  it — Hoax?  [2]  Fox,  full-face 
and  melancholy:  That  poor  persecuted  Gentleman  M'  Gratton — ^5^0  like 
myself — and  that  other  worthy  Dear  Gentleman  M^  O  Conner  [see  No. 
9245,  &c.] — principles  so  like  my  own — except  one  little  Faux  Pas,  which 
I  protest  I  knew  no  more  about — /  assure  you  Hoax!  Hoax!  Hoax! —  [3] 
Courteney,  in  profile  to  the  r. :  You  may  think  it  a  Hoax  Gentlemen — but 
I  assure  you  I  only  told  the  Coachman  to  drive  me  to  the  Bastile  and  he  took 
me  there  directly  miserable  doings,  shocking  dreadful — Hoax!  [4]  Burdett, 
in  profile  to  the  1. :  /  second  that  Honorable  Gentleman  Hoax! — /  was  with 
him  in  the  same  Coach — we  both  commiserated  the  poor  suffering  Patriots — 
innocent  persecuted — sevn  foot  square — two  foot  broad — grating — Hoax! 
[See  No.  9341,  &c.]  [5]  Dundas,  in  tartan,  his  pose  reflecting  that  of  Pitt: 
We  hoe  nae  Hoaxing  in  Scotland — what  we  do  there  is  aw  for  your  goods — 
we  never  consider  our-sels  Hoax!  [cf.  No.  9052,  &c.].  [6]  The  stiff  Moira, 
in  profile  to  the  1. :  You  may  probably  think  I  am  Hoaxing  when  I  tell  you 
what  I  saw — I  saw  the  little  farthing  rush  light — /  saw  thatch' d  Cottages  on 
fire — /  saw  men  women  &  children  tied  up  to  the  halbert — I  sow  [sic]  Hanging 
— Drowning — Shooting  Burning  Hoax — Hoax — Hoax.  [See  No.  9184.] 
[7]  Lonsdale,  in  court  dress  with  ribbon  and  star  (he  had  no  order),  says: 
/  suppose  Gentlemen  you  begin  to  think  my  building  a  Ship,  for  the  service 
of  my  Country — was  nothing  but  an  Hoax — but  be  assured  it  was  not — I  am 
now  ready — sails — hulk — rigging — Hoax!  [For  this  incident  of  1782  see 
Nos.  6246,  8156.]  [8]  Bedford,  turning  deprecatingly  to  the  r.:  /  had  no 
design  whatever  in  evading  my  Taxes — /  assure  you  Gentlemen, — at  that  time, 
— /  had  only  three  Servants — and  two  Horses — I  very  well  remember — Hoax. 
[See  No.  9167.]  [9]  Sinclair,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  gesticulating  violently: 
/  again  say  Gentlemen,  it  would  be  National  Economy  to  reduce  the  Navy! — 
and  I  declare  I  would  not  change  my  opinio  [sic],  to  be  President  of  the  Board 
of  Agriculture  Hoax!  [See  No.  9271.]  [10]  Sheridan,  shrugging  depreca- 
tingly to  the  1. :  /  am  very  poor  indeed  A  distressed  Poet  and  Patriot — never 
touch  the  cole — every  body  indebted  to  me — nobody  will  pay  me — Hoax.  (An 
allusion  to  Sheridan's  debts  and  the  profits  of  Pizarro,  see  No.  9396,  &c.) 
[i  i]  Tierney,  looking  to  the  1. :  They  say  I  have  an  appointment  in  India, 
I  assure  you  it  is  merely  a  Political  Hoax — me!  I  declare  I  would  not  on  any 
account  accept  place — pension  perquisite — Hoax! — Hoax!  [An  indication  of 
the  distrust  felt  by  the  Whigs  for  his  refusal  to  join  their  Secession.  See 
Olphin,  George  Tierney,  1934,  pp.  42  ff.  For  the  Indian  rumour  cf.  No. 
9340.]  [12]  One  of  the  Directory,  perhaps  Barras,  in  official  dress  (see 
No.  9199),  says:  Citizens — /  am  one  of  your  Directeurs — &  I  assure  you — 
the  English  fleet  was  totally  destroyed,  on  the  first  of  June — I  always  speak 
truth — Lord  Howe 's  expected  in  Paris  in  a  few  days,  it  is  very  true  I  assure 
you — now  that  is  the  Grande  Hoax  A  La-Francois.  For  the  battle,  claimed 
by  the  French  as  a  victory,  see  No.  8469,  &c. ;  the  Directory  was  installed 
seventeen  months  later. 

Below  the  title : 

"All  the  Worlds  an  Hoax 

"And  all  the  Men,  and  Women  merely  Hoaxers! 

For  Pitt  and  the  war  cf.  No.  8599.  For  Fox  and  Grattan  see  No.  9343. 
'Cole'  is  money,  see  The  Cole  Heavers,  No.  6213.  Uniform  with,  and 
probably  belonging  to,  a  series,  see  No.  8541. 

Described  and  explained,  London  und  Paris,  v,  1800,  pp.  321-3,  where 
'hoax'  is  called  one  of  the  newest  English  vogue- words;  cf.  No.  9527. 
iifxi7fin. 

569 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9417  PIZZARRO 

R.S.  Esq'  gg  Etch'd  by  J,  Chapman 

Published  Oct,  i,  lygg  by  J  Whittle,  Peterboro'  Court,  for  the  Anti 
Jacobin  Review. 

Engraving.  From  the  Anti-Jacobin  Review,  iv.  318.  Sheridan,  dressed  as 
Pizarro  (as  in  No.  9396),  bestrides  the  neck  of  Kemble,  whose  large  head, 
irradiated,  flies  through  space  diagonally  towards  the  spectator.  He  is 
directed  to  the  1,,  his  cloak  flies  out  behind  him.  Under  his  1.  arm  are 
money-bags,  in  his  r.  hand  he  holds  out  a  document:  Spoken  before  a  select 
party  of  Friend^ s — 

This  season  true  my  Principles  Pve  sold, 
To  fool  the  world  &  pocket  George^ s  gold. 
Prolific  mine!  anglo-peruvian  food 
Provok'd  my  taste — and  Candidate  I  stood, — 
While  Kemble  my  support  with  LO  YAL  face 
Declares  The  PEOPLES  CHOICE  with  stage-trick  grace. 
Below  the  design: 

In  Pizzarra's  plans  observe  the  Statestnan's  wisdom  guides  the  poor  mans 
Heart 

Taken  from  Sheridans  Pizzarro  and  adapted  to  the  English  taste 
The  most  extreme  of  the  attacks  on  Sheridan  for  the  supposed  time- 
serving duplicity  of  the  loyal  speech  of  Rolla  (played  by  Kemble),  see 
No.  9396,  &c.  It  faces  a  review  of  a  pamphlet:  A  Critique  on  the  Tragedy 
of  Pizarro  .  .  .,  where  the  play  is  attacked  on  literary  grounds  only,  and  is 
ridiculed  by  quotations  from  The  Critic. 

Attributed  to  Gillray  by  Grego  (p.  264,  small  copy). 
711x911  in. 

9418  THE  BEAUTIES  OF  WAR!! 

Woodward  delin.  [  ?  I.  Cruikshank  f .] 

Pub  Ocf  12.  lygg.  by  S.W.  Fores,  N°  50,  Piccadilly — Folio's  of 
Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Photograph  of  an  etching.  Design  in  two  rows,  three  groups  above,  four 
below,  [i]  A  stout  *cit'  addresses  a  seated  man  in  respectable  but  tattered 
dress,  whose  wife  and  two  children  weep  behind  him :  What  makes  you 
sit  idle  Fellow  there  is  plenty  of  work  if  you  will  but  set  about  it.  The  answer: 
/  wish  master  I  could  find  it — the  looms  has  stood  still  this  fortnight.  [2]  Two 
sailors,  each  with  a  bludgeon,  drag  along  a  despairing  man :  No  grumbling 
Sarrah — you  are  very  hardly  used  to  be  sure — with  a  little  harmless  pressing 
on  board  of  a  seventy  four.  [3]  German  soldiers,  mustachioed  Death's  Head 
Hussars,  engaged  in  rape  and  massacre.  One,  trampling  on  a  man's  body, 
teases  a  v/oman,  another  spikes  an  infant  on  a  bayonet,  a  third  (1.)  holds  out 
a  firebrand.  They  say:  Fire! — Plunder — no  Quarter — Bravo!  Bravissimo! 
[4]  A  naval  officer  with  a  drawn  sabre  asks  a  trembling  sailor:  Why  is  not 
Tom  Halyard  at  his  post.  Answer:  Please  your  honor — his  head  is  shot  off. 
[5]  A  fierce  elderly  officer,  mustachioed,  but  apparently  a  French  emigre, 
points  to  a  trench  mortar:  Dare  it  is  my  own  inventioti — de grande  emigrant 
mortar— kill  twenty  men  at  one  puff.  [5]  One  sailor  says  to  another,  who  is 
armless  and  stands  on  two  wooden  legs :  Ah — Jack  how  are  you.  The  other, 
who  is  smoking  a  short  pipe,  answers  fiercely:  tolerable  hearty  thank  you, 

570 


POLITICAL   SATIRES  1799 

all  that  is  left  of  me.  [6]  Two  old  women  sit  under  a  tree  smoking  pipes, 
a  dead  body  (stripped)  at  their  feet,  a  sack  beside  them.  They  say:  a  toler- 
able good  booty — after  the  battle — we'll  now  smoke  our  pipes  in  comfort. 

This  may  reflect  the  bad  news  from  Holland,  cf.  Lady  Bessborough's 
letter  of  30  Sept.  1799,  Private  Correspondence  of  Lord  G.  Leveson  Gower, 
i.  265-6.    See  No.  9419.    For  other  prints  on  the  horrors  of  war  see 
No.  8328,  &c.     Probably  one  of  a  series,  see  No.  8541. 
Original  (A.  de  R.  vi.  142)  11  |x  lyf  in. 

9419  DUTCH  POLICY  OR  THE  FRUITS  OF  THE  EXPEDITION!!! 

[Cawse.] 

Publis  by  SW  Fores  Oct"  20  lygg 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  design  in  two  compartments. 

[i,  circa  1795]  A  fat  Dutchman,  his  hands  behind  his  back,  looks  with 
a  friendly  grin  at  a  ragged  but  foppish  French  soldier  who  puts  his  arm 
round  his  shoulder  while  he  picks  his  pocket.  The  Frenchman  says: 
Ah  Mynheer, — you  be  de  jolly  dog  you  ave  de  U argent  we  give  you  de  hug 
Fraternal  what  care  you  for  Jeanny  Bull  we  Protect  you  Ma  foi.  Mynheer 
answers :  Thank  you  Mounseer  thank  you  you  say  right  whats  Johnny  Bull 
to  me  I  dont  care  for  Johnny  Bull  he  drubs  me  a  little  now  &  then  but  I  dont 
care  for  that.    See  No.  8613,  &c. 

[2,  1799]  The  Dutchman,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  takes  the  1.  hand  of  an 
English  sailor,  who  stands  squarely,  his  r.  hand  on  a  cudgel.  His  own  1. 
hand  is  in  John  Bull's  jacket  pocket.  He  says:  ahl  Johnny  Bull  I  am  so 
glad  to  see  you.  no  more  French  Mounseers  for  me!  do  you  know  Johnny  that 
the  fellow  Pickt  my  Pocket.   John  answers,  looking  with  wary  distrust  at 

the  Dutchman,  Now  that  was  d d  unhandsome  to  be  Sure.    In  both 

designs  flags  and  tiny  figures  on  the  horizon  indicate  military  (or  naval) 
action.  John  Bull  wears  long  striped  trousers,  in  his  hat  is  a  ribbon 
inscribed  Duncan  Huzza.   (For  Camperdown  see  No.  9034.) 

For  the  expedition  to  Holland  see  No.  9412,  &c.  The  Dutch  rising,  on 
which  Grenville  had  counted,  failed  to  occur,  though  the  fleet  surrendered 
and  4,000  Hollanders,  under  the  son  of  William  V,  were  with  the  Duke  of 
York.  The  Anglo-Russian  forces  were  checked  at  Bergen  on  19  Sept. 
by  French  and  Batavians  under  Brune,  with  great  moral  advantage  to  the 
French.  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the  British  Army,  iv.  2,  pp.  670-81 ;  [Legrand], 
La  Rev.  fr.  en  Hollande,  1894,  pp.  235  ff. 

Van  Stolk,  No.  5472.   Muller,  No.  5565. 
8|xi3^in. 

9420  THE  FROGS  REJECTING  THEIR  KING 

[Cawse] 

Pu¥  by  SW  Fores  Piccadilly  Ocf  42  [sic]  lygg 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  William  V  retreats  sleepily  before  five 
Hollanders  towards  the  shore;  a  man  (H.L.)  stands  below  him  in  a  boat, 

saying :  Run  d n  ye  run  why  dont  ye  run  you  I  have  a  Breach  made  in 

your  Stern  Else.  The  centre  figure  is  a  fat  debauched-looking  woman  who 
kicks  the  Stadholder,  saying :  Get  out  you  sleepy  Headed  dolt  who  wants  you 
here?  we  are  learning  the  Carmagnole  Parler  Francy.  No  more  Large  Breeches 
Sans  Culottes  for  Ever.  A  Dutchman  on  the  extreme  1.,  holding  his  pipe, 
wears  tight  but  tattered  breeches,  a  sabre,  tasselled  boots  with  pointed 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

toes,  and  a  bonnet- rouge ;  he  says:  Curse  these  tight  Breeches  I  cant  run 
at  all  now.  A  third  Hollander  spits  viciously  at  the  back  of  the  Stadholder's 
head.  Two  others,  a  woman  and  a  man,  grin  derisively.  Frogs  fawn  on 
the  Hollanders  or  spit  at  the  Stadholder.  In  the  background  the  sea  is 
indicated,  with  the  British  flag  flying  below  a  French  flag.  Beneath  the 
design :  At  first  they  regarded  their  Monarch  with  great  reverence,  but  per- 
ceiving his  tame  and  peacable  disposition  they  at  length  treated  him  with  the 
Utmost  Contempt.   Esops  Fables. 

For  the  expedition  to  Holland  see  No.  9412,  &c.  The  title  reflects  the 
mistake  in  the  proclamations  calling  upon  the  Dutch  to  rise  against  the 
French,  in  which  the  Stadholder,  the  hereditary  head  of  the  republic,  was 
referred  to  as  a  sovereign.  [Legrand],  La  Rev.  fr.  en  Hollande,  1894, 
pp.  226-7. 

Van  Stolk,  No.  5471.  MuUer,  No.  5541. 
9-iXi3f  in. 

9421  OPENING  THE  SLUICES  OR  THE  SECRET  EXPEDITION. 
[Cawse.] 

Publish  by  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly  Octob'  lygg 

Engraving.  Three  fat  Dutch  fishwives,  wearing  broad-brimmed  straw  hats, 
fill  the  upper  and  greater  part  of  the  design;  one,  smoking  a  pipe,  is  in 
back  view.  They  urinate  contemptuously,  as  do  frogs  at  their  feet,  forming 
a  flood  in  which,  in  the  foreground,  British  soldiers  are  drowning.  Four 
of  these  say,  respectively :  Egad  this  is  Giving  us  a  devilish  cool  reception ; 
Curse  these  stinking  Dykes  We  shall  all  be  Suffocated;  What  a  Smell  of  Stale 
Fish ;  Its  like  all  thier  mad  schemes.  Come  to  nothing  at  last. 

On  18  Oct.  a  capitulation  was  agreed  to  for  the  cessation  of  hostilities, 
the  evacuation  of  Holland  by  the  British  by  30  Nov.,  the  return  of  8,000 
prisoners  from  England,  and  the  retention  of  the  Dutch  fleet.  The  expedi- 
tion was  ill  conceived  and  dogged  by  bad  luck.  Fortescue,  Hist,  of  the 
British  Army,  iv.  2,  pp.  700  ff.  For  the  cabinet's  decision  to  recall  the 
expedition,  see  Portland  to  Cornwallis,  14  Oct.  Cornwallis  Corr.  iii.  136  f. 
For  the  term  'secret'  cf.  Sheridan:  'Secret,  indeed,  it  was  called,  till  the 
term  became  absolutely  ridiculous.  Never  was  an  undertaking  conducted 
with  such  ostentatious  mystery — never  did  the  object  of  a  secret  expedition 
obtain  such  universal  notoriety.'  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  1398  (10  Feb.  1800). 
See  No.  9412,  &c.  Cf.  No.  8493. 
Hi X  92  in. 

9422  THE  GREAT  SWALLOW  ALL!!!  DISGORGING  OR 
FRENCH  BULLIE  [BOUILLI]  TOO  HOT  FOR  THE  BEARS 
STOMACH 

[Cawse.] 

Publish  by  SW  Fores  Oct'  2g.  lygg 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  SuvoroflF  (r.),  an  ogre  with  an  enormous 

head,  disgorges  through  a  cavernous  mouth  French  soldiers  followed  by 

a  tangle  of  ribbons  and  orders  including  a  miniature  portrait  as  in  No.  9390. 

Four  ribbons  are  inscribed  respectively  Warsaw,  Praga,  Ismael,  Malta. 

On  the  ground  before  him  (1.)  two  ranks  of  soldiers  kneel  in  mock  obeisance ; 

others  gallop  off  to  the  1.  waving  their  bonnets-rouges  (not  coloured  red) 

in  derision.   Beside  Suvoroff  stands  Massena  (not  caricatured  but  a  giant 

in  relation  to  the  French  troops),  his  1.  hand  resting  on  the  ogre's  forehead 

(on  which  is  a  sabre-cut),  a  sabre  in  his  r.  hand.   He  says:  Why  General 

572 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

this  French  Ragout  does  not  agree  with  your  Stomach  Throw  Up  a  little  more 
Aye — pay  him  the  same  respect  you  would  to  the  Emperor  himself.  Suvoroff 
says :  Curse  this  Massena  he  has  Given  me  such  a  Dose  that  I  shall  throw  up 
all  that  I  have  Taken  these  Gewgaws  are  so  loath  to  come  up  that  I  verily 
think  they  will  Choak  me!!!  Damn  your  Reverence.  In  the  background 
tiny  figures  inscribed  Austria  dance  round  a  Tree  of  Liberty,  a  bonnet- 
rouge  (irradiated)  on  a  pole  (cf.  No.  9214,  &c.).  Nearer  Suv6roff  is  the 
word  Switzerland. 

Massena  decisively  defeated  the  Austro-Russian  forces  in  Switzerland 
(25-6  Sept.),  but  not  Suvoroff,  who  crossed  the  St.  Gothard,  fighting 
desperately,  and  forced  his  way  into  the  Grisons  and  thence  to  Lake 
Constance  and  winter  quarters.  The  print  is  remarkable  in  depicting  the 
French  as  liberators,  but  is  one  of  several  showing  hostility  to  Suv6roff  and 
the  Russian  alliance.  The  atrocities  of  the  sack  of  Ismail  in  Bessarabia 
(22  Dec.  1790;  cf.  Byron,  Don  Juan)  were  even  greater  than  at  Warsaw 
(see  No.  8607).  See  also  No.  9392. 
loj  X  14I  in. 

9423  [TOMB  OF  SIR  GEORGE  SAVILE.]  [?Nov.  1799] 

[Gillray.] 

Aquatint,  A  sculptured  monument  to  Sir  George  Savile  against  a  stone 
wall.  A  life-like  H.L.  figure  of  Savile  looking  to  the  r.  is  set  in  an  alcove 
with  inscriptions  above  and  below.  Above:  The  Guardian  Genius  of  that 
Good  Man  and  Upright  Senator  j  Sir  George  Saville  Bar^  \  Hovers  with 
anxiety  over  The  Tomb;  not  without  Hopes,  that  his  Countrymen  \  may  eWe 
it  be  too  late,  see  the  Necessity  of  Peace, — the  Improbability  of  \  the  Present 
Ministers  making  it, — &  the  Benefit  which  would  result,  from  a  Temperate 
Reformation  of  those  Abuses,  ''from  which  {to  use  his  own  memorable  words) 
it  was  notorious,  that  all  our  Calamities  Sprung.*'!!! 

Below:  Fuimus  Troes,fuet  [sic]  Ilium  et  ingens  Gloria  Teucrorum. 

Virgil 

Here  lie  the  Remains  of  the  \  — Requisition, —  |  The  last  Hopes  of  the 
Independent  Gentlemen  of  Yorkshire;  |  in  full  Confidence  \  that  when  Corrup- 
tion shall  have  ceased  to  prey  upon  the  \  Human  Frame,  that  it  will  rise  again 
to  I  — Immortal  Glory. —  |  Reader,  |  You  will  no  longer  doubt  the  just  Cause 
or  upright  \  Intention  of  this  Requisition,  when  you  learn,  that  \  the  Merchants 
of  Leeds,  its  greatest  Enemies,  have  \  Thought  that  an  Elegant  Monument 
should  be  dedicated  \  to  it's  \  Memory.  \  "  Your  Cause  of  Sorrow  must  not  be 
measured  by  his  \  "Worth,  for  then  it  hath  no  End."  Shakespere  Mackbeth  \ 
"Quis  Desiderio  sit  Pudor  aut  Modus  \  "Tam  chari  Capitis."  Horace. 

The  print  was  commissioned  and  paid  for  (£5  $s.  od.  to  Gillray  for 
etching  it)  and  probably  designed  by  F.  Hawkesworth  of  Hickleton  Hall 
near  Doncaster  (himself  an  amateur  etcher),  the  payment  being  sent  in 
a  letter  dated  18  Nov.  1799.  B.M.  Add.  MSS.  27337,  ^o-  53-  Its  spirit 
is  that  of  a  pamphlet  by  Wyvill,  leader  of  the  Yorkshire  Reform  movement, 
The  Secession  vindicated,  1799,  in  which  Savile  is  quoted  and  peace  is  urged 
in  the  interests  of  the  Constitution :  to  reduce  corruption  and  avert  'the 
near  approach  of  a  Military  Despotism'.  The  pamphlet  was  written  before 
the  successes  of  1799  and  the  print  may  have  been  issued  some  months 
before  it  was  paid  for.  Similar  in  manner  to  No.  9056,  also  a  Yorkshire 
print. 
9igX6|in. 

573 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 
Van  Stolk,  No.  5473 ;  A.  de  R.  vi.  127, 

MONEY  IN  MINE  POCKETS  |  A  DUTCH  SENTIMENT  I  LET  WHO 
WILL  BE  GOVERNOR. 

[Cawse.] 

Publish^  Nov''  4^  lygghy  SW  Fores  Piccaddilly 

Engraving.  Two  fat  Dutchmen  drink  and  smoke  contentedly.  On  the 
wall  of  their  hut  are  prints  of  his  Serene  Highness  and  of  General  Brune, 
and  broadsides :  Verses  in  Praise  of  the  Stadholder ;  La  Guillotine ;  O  the 
Roast  Beef  of  Old  England.  Under  the  prints  hang  two  pistols:  De  Alva  s 
Pistols,  inscribed  Requesat  [sic]  in  Pace.  In  the  foreground  are  three 
papers :  Health  &  Fraternity ;  Proclamation  [see  No.  9414] ;  to  rise  in  a  Mass. 
A  satire  on  the  failure  of  the  Orangist  Dutch  to  support  the  Anglo- 
Russian  expedition,  see  No.  9412,  &c. 

9424  NAPPER  TANDY.— Taken  from  Life  in  Newgate,  Novemr  2^  lygg. 
f  Gillray  del  &  fed 

London — Publish' d  Nov''  5'*  ijgg.  by  H.  Humphrey.  N"  2y.  S*  James's 
Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  bust  portrait  of  Tandy 
(1740-1803)  looking  to  the  1.  He  wears  the  double-breasted,  high-collared 
coat  of  a  French  officer,  with  epaulettes.  He  looks  a  sick  man,  his  (white) 
hair  is  short  and  unkempt,  his  face  deeply  seamed ;  his  drooping,  bulbous 
nose  and  look  of  melancholy  wariness  give  an  impression  of  caricature,  but 
the  characterization  appears  to  be  excellent,  of.  a  portrait  engraved  by 
Heath  after  J.  Petrie,  published  18 15. 

Tandy  (cf.  No.  7664)  had  made  an  abortive  landing  in  Ireland  from  a 
French  corvettte  in  1798,  the  peasantry  fleeing  at  his  approach,  and  he 
escaped  to  Hamburg,  whence  he  was  eventually  extradited  to  England. 
His  arrival  in  London  (27  Oct.)  en  route  for  Ireland  aroused  considerable 
interest.  {Lond.  Chron.  28  Oct.,  &c.) 
7fx6f  in. 


9425  FRENCH-TAYLOR,  FITTING  JOHN  BULL— WITH  A  "JEAN 
DE  BRY". 

[Gillray.] 

Published  Nov^  18^^  ^799'  ky  H-  Humphrey.  2y  S*  James's  Street 
London 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  corner  of  a  tailor's  fitting-room. 
A  hideous  and  plebeian  Englishman,  fat  and  short-legged,  and  wearing 
a  curled  Brutus  wig,  looks  at  his  reflection  in  an  elaborately  framed  wall- 
mirror  crowned  with  a  bonnet-rouge  (1.).  The  tailor,  a  simian  monstrosity 
standing  behind  him  (r.),  adjusts  the  sleeve  of  the  coat.  The  coat  (so  styled 
after  de  Bry,  see  No.  9389)  has  a  high  collar,  is  heavily  padded,  with  full 
sleeves  gathered  at  the  shoulders,  and  is  cut  back  into  narrow  tails.  The 
boots  have  long  pointed  toes,  the  tops,  with  high  tasselled  peaks,  projecting 
in  front  of  the  leg  far  above  the  knee.  He  stands  on  a  large  volume: 
Nouveaux  Costumes.  The  tailor  is  foppish,  though  wearing  a  bonnet-rouge 
with  a  long  peak,  long  queue,  ungartered  stockings,  and  slippers.  A  tricolour 

574 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

measuring-tape  is  draped  about  him.  He  says:  A  ha! — dere  my  Friend,  I  fit 
you  to  de  Life! — dere  is  Liberte — no  tight  Aristocrat  Sleeve,  to  keep  from  you 
do,  vat  you  like! — aha!  begar,  dere  be  only  want  von  leetel  National  Cockade 
to  make  look  quite  a  la  mode  de  Paris!!  John  Bull  answers:  Liberty! — 
quoth' a! — why  zound  I  can't  move  my  Arms  at  all!  for  all  it  looks  woundy 
big! — ah!  damn  your  French  Alamodes,  they  give  a  man  the  same  Liberty  as 
if  he  was  in  the  Stocks! — give  me  my  Old  Coat  again,  say  I,  if  it  is  a  little 
out  at  the  Elbows. 

On  the  wall  (r.)  is  visible  the  1.  portion  of  a  framed  plate  of  the  official 
costumes  of  the  Directory  (see  No.  9196,  &c.):  in  six  compartments  are 
tiny  simian  creatures  inscribed  respectively:  Membre  du  Directo[ire],  Conseil 

des  Anciens,  Ministre,  Conseil  des  5  Cents,  Juge -,  Administrat  .... 

Beneath  is  a  framed  oval  containing  Les  Regies  pour  les  Modes ;  these  end : 
Vive  la  Liberte.   A  patterned  carpet  completes  the  design. 

A  satire  on  the  ugliness  of  French  fashions  (cf.  No.  9454),  combined 
with  ridicule  of  the  'liberty'  under  which  dress  is  the  subject  of  legislation, 
see  No.  9196,  &c.  The  satire  is  extended  to  Jacobinical  francophils  as  in 
No.  8287. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  265-6.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  456.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830.   Reproduced,  Social  England,  ed.  Traill,  1904,  v.  677. 
1 1^1  X  9  in.   With  border,  i3ix  10  in. 


9426  EXIT  LIBERTfi  A  LA  FRANCOIS !— OR— BUONAPARTE 
CLOSING  THE  FARCE  OF  EGALITfi,  AT  ST  CLOUD  NEAR 
PARIS,  NOVR  lOTH  1799. 

y  Gillray.  inv'  &f 

London  Publishd  Nov''  2J*'  1799-  by  H.  Humphrey.  2y  S^  James's 
Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bonaparte  (r.)  stands  in  profile  to  the  1., 
directing  with  outstretched  r,  arm  the  Grenadiers  who,  at  the  point  of  the 
bayonet,  are  ejecting  the  Council  of  Five  Hundred  from  the  Orangery. 
The  members,  in  their  official  costume  (see  No.  9198),  flee  in  wild  con- 
fusion. Officers  (r.)  stand  behind  Bonaparte ;  a  little  drummer  fiercely  beats 
a  drum  inscribed  Vive  la  Liberte.  A  tricolour  flag  is  inscribed  Vive  le 
Triumverate  Buonaparte  Seyes-Ducos.  All  are  caricatured  except  Bona- 
parte, who  is  calm  and  dignified,  though  with  (dagger)  wounds  on  face  and 
arms.  He  tramples  on  Un  liste  de  Membres  du  Conseil  des  Cinque  Cents 
which  lies  beside  a  paper:  Resignation  des  Directoires. 

Full  accounts  of  the  coup  d'etat  of  19  Brumaire  (10  Nov.)  were  in  the 
London  newspapers  on  18  Nov.,  preliminary  accounts  having  been  received 
by  telegraph  (cf.  No.  9232).  Farges  had  been  sent  in  to  the  Anciens  to  stir 
them  to  action  by  a  fable  of  daggers  drawn  against  Bonaparte  in  the  Five 
Hundred,  and  Lucien  Bonaparte,  as  President  of  the  Five  Hundred, 
declared  to  the  troops  that  the  Assembly  was  dominated  by  armed  brigands 
doubtless  inspired  by  the  English  Government.  See  Camb.  Mod.  Hist. 
viii.  682  flF. ;  Dayot,  Rev.fr.,  pp.  471-7;  and  Nos.  9427,  9428,  9431,  9433, 

9534- 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  262.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  248.  Van  Stolk, 
No.  5455.  Broadley,  i.  130-1.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced, 
Dayot,  Rev.fr.,  p.  477;  Grand-Carteret,  Napoleon  en  images,  1895,  p.  58. 
9ixi3iin. 

575 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9427  THE  CORSICAN  CROCODILE  DISSOLVING  THE  COUN- 
CIL OF  FROGS!!! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  Oxford  Street  Nov.  lygg. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bonaparte,  as  a  crocodile,  in  the 
Orangery  of  St.  Cloud  on  19  Brumaire  (10  Nov.);  the  Council  of  Five 
Hundred  are  depicted  as  frogs,  some  wearing  bonnets-rouges  and  red 
cloaks.  He  wears  a  sabre  and  military  boots,  and,  prophetically,  an  imperial 
crown.  On  each  side  is  a  helpless  frog,  one  frog  advances  towards  him 
with  a  dagger,  clearly  useless  against  the  scaly  giant.  Others  sit  in  terror, 
or  skim  through  a  gothic  window.  In  the  president's  canopied  seat  sits 
a  gaping  spectacled  frog  (though  the  president  was  Lucien  Bonaparte,  to 
whom  the  coup  owed  its  success).  Behind  the  general  and  on  the  extreme 
1.  crocodile  soldiers  with  bayonets  and  pikes  stand  stiffly  at  attention. 

The  two  incursions  of  Bonaparte  into  the  Council  are  combined,  the 
first  when  the  alleged  dagger  attack  occurred  and  he  retired  discomfited, 
the  second  when  he  returned  in  force  and  the  members  fled  through  the 
windows.  See  No.  9426,  &c.  The  crocodile  indicates  Bonaparte's  return 
from  Egypt,  see  No.  9523,  probably  also  hypocrisy,  besides  showing  the 
helplessness  of  the  group  before  military  force.  For  Bonaparte's  crown 
of.  No.  9433,  &c. 

Broadley,  i.  131. 
9X13  in. 

9428  JOHN  BULL'S  NEW  CAKES  AND  GINGERBREAD 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland,  Oxford  Street  Nov.  ijgg. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull  as  a  gingerbread-seller  sits  (1.) 
on  an  upturned  basket  beside  his  smoking  street-oven,  on  the  top  of  which 
cakes  are  laid  out.  The  front  of  the  oven  is  inscribed  Consular  Cakes  and 
Triumvirate  Gingerbread  Smoking  hot  from  Paris  17 gg  and  decorated  with 
three  fleurs-de-lis  ( ?  indicating  a  return  of  monarchy).  Bull  is  smoking,  as 
is  a  little  begging  dog,  shaved  in  the  French  manner.  He  wears  over- 
sleeves and  an  apron;  in  his  hat  is  a  tricolour  cockade,  and  he  has  a  twisted, 
quizzical  smile, 

A  provisional  government,  with  Bonaparte,  Sieyes,  and  Ducos  as  Consuls, 
was  established  on  19  Brumaire,  see  No.  9426,  &c. 
8|X7f  in. 

Van  Stolk,  No.  5474, 

BUONAPARTE'S  DANCE  OF  DEATH! 

[Pub.  L  C.  Ziegler,  Broad  Street,  Soho,  Nov.  1799.] 

Engraving.    Design  in  six  compartments  arranged  in  two  rows.    Above: 
Stubbed  at  Malta! ;  Drown' d  at  Alexandria! ;  Strangled  at  Cairo!  (cf.  No. 
9336).    Below:  Shot  by  a  Tripoline  Gentleman! \  Devoured  by  Wild  Beasts 
in  the  Desert!  \  Alive  in  Paris!!!  Cf.  also  No.  9241. 
Broadley,  i.  131. 

9429  GRUMBLERS!! 
Woodward  del. 

London.  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland,  Oxford  S*  Nov"  lygg. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Two  stout  'cits'  sit  at  a  small  round 
dinner-table  on  which  is  a  steaming  joint  of  beef.  One  (1.),  holding  a  loaf, 

576 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

cuts  a  large  slice,  saying :  Bread  raised  again  a  penny  in  the  quartern!  and 
a  bad  harvest! — What  is  to  become  of  the  poor?  The  other  (r.),  knife  and 
fork  held  erect,  puts  an  enormous  chunk  to  a  mouth  gaping  to  capacity; 
he  answers:  We  shall  all  be  starved — that's  inevitable!  An  ungainly  servant 
in  hvery  (1.),  standing  stiffly  with  his  hand  in  his  coat-pocket,  looks  at  him 
with  surprise.  A  decanter  is  on  the  table,  a  basket  of  wine-bottles  on  the 
floor  (1.). 

A  bad  harvest  and  the  rising  price  of  bread  were  causing  great  anxiety ; 
bread  substitutes  (potatoes  and  rice)  and  household  bread  were  advocated, 
soup  kitchens  opened.  The  quartern  loaf  was  raised  in  London  on  5  Dec. 
to  the  record  price  of  i$\d.  Lond.  Chron.,  4  Dec.  For  the  *cit'  who  gorges 
and  grumbles  cf.  No.  8145  (1792).  The  first  of  many  prints  on  the  dearth 
of  1 799- 1 800,  see  No.  9545,  &c. 
SfXiif  in. 


9430  EFFUSIONS  OF  A  POT  OF  PORTER,— OR— MINISTERIAL 
CONJURATIONS  FOR  SUPPORTING  THE  WAR, 

J^  Gillray  inv^  &  fee* 

London.   Publish  d  Nov''  29'*  J799.  by  H.  Humphrey.  27.  .S'  James's 
Street 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  large  frothing  tankard  stands  on  a  cask 
whose  head  forms  the  base  of  the  design.  From  the  froth  Pitt  emerges  as 
Death  on  the  White  Horse  (of  Hanover,  cf.  No.  8691),  giving  the  effect 
of  a  fantastic  equestrian  statue  on  a  high  pedestal.  Pitt  is  in  back  view; 
in  his  r.  hand  is  a  flaming  sword,  his  1.  arm  is  raised,  he  turns  his  head 
slightly  to  the  r.,  his  r.  leg  is  extended;  he  wears  his  ordinary  dress  with 
heavily  spurred  top-boots.  His  head  is  the  centre  of  rays  on  which  his 
orders  are  inscribed,  above  it :  Bella!  \  Horrida  \  Bella!  On  the  1.  are  heavy 
clouds  about  to  cover  the  sun,  whose  features  indicate  profound  sleep ;  rays 
to  the  1.  are  inscribed:  Sun  get  thee  to  Bed!  Myself  will  Light  y  World  and 
Ho  Rains! — Deluges! — Drown  the  Harvest!  Slanting  rain  descends  in 
torrents  from  the  clouds,  battering  down  heads  of  wheat  and  obscuring 
a  cottage  in  the  background. 

On  the  r.  are  the  winds:  four  cherubs'  heads  blowing  violent  blasts  in 
every  direction,  two  of  which  are  filled  with  swarms  of  insects.  Rays  to 
the  r.  are  inscribed:  Pestiferous  Winds!  blast  the  fruits  of  the  Earth!  and 
Ho!  Flies!  Grubs,  Caterpillars!  destroy  the  Hops!  The  blasts  strike  hops 
twined  round  poles  on  the  r.  of  the  design. 

On  the  tankard  is  a  large  4  within  a  circle  inscribed  Pro-Bono-Ministero, 
and  a  small  WP  with  the  Pitt  crest  of  stork  and  anchor.  On  the  cask  a  long 
lighted  pipe  inscribed  Bellendenus  lies  across  a  paper  of  tobacco  inscribed : 
Ruin  upon  Ruin,  or  an  Essay  on  the  Ways  &  Means  for  supporting  the  cursed 

War.   The  title  continues :  as  lately  discover' d  by  D^  P r,  in  the  Froth 

&  Fumes  of  his  favorite  Beverage —  |  "Four  Pence  a  Pot  for  Porter! — mercy 
upon  us! — ah!  its  all  owing  to  the  War  &  the  cursed  Ministry! — have  not  | 
"  They  ruind  the  Harvest? — have  not  They  Blighted  all  the  Hops? — Have  not 
They  brought  on  the  destructive  Rains,  \  "that  we  might  be  Ruin'd  in  order 
to  support  the  War? — &  brib'd  the  Sun  not  to  Shine,  that  they  may  Plunder 
us  in  the  dark?" — 

Vide,  the  Doctor's  Reveries,  every  Day  after  Dinner. 

577  PP 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

The  abnormally  bad  weather  of  1799  had  had  a  great  effect  on  prices 
(also  affected  by  war,  cf.  Nos.  9432,  9434).  The  grumbles  (cf.  No.  9429) 
of  those  who  attributed  high  prices  entirely  to  Pitt  and  the  war  are  voiced 
by  Dr.  Parr,  whose  smoking  (cf.  No.  9533)  and  porter-drinking  were  then 
(except  among  artisans)  an  eccentricity,  and  whose  Preface  to  Bellendenus 
had  been  a  Foxite  manifesto  (see  No.  9533).  For  dearth  and  high  corn 
prices  see  No.  9545,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  262.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  249.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
12^X9^1  in. 

9430  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  A^"  i.  to  London  und  Paris,  v,  i8oo. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  71-84. 

8Jg  X  6^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9431  SATANS,  RETURN  FROM  EARTH.'  DISCOVERED  IN 
COUNCIL— WITH  BELZEBUB  &  BELIAL— A  SKETCH  AFTER 
FUSELI— !!! 

[Cawse]  fecit  [a  name  has  been  obliterated] 

Publish^  Nov^  30  lygg  by  SW Fores  Piccadilly  where f  [olios]  of  Carica- 
tures may  be  had  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bonaparte  sits  enthroned,  among  clouds, 
his  brooding  face  supported  by  both  hands,  his  r.  leg  drawn  up  to  rest 
upon  a  skull,  1.  outstretched  and  trampling  on  papers:  Hymn  Marselos  [sic] 
and  Council  of  Cinq  Cents.  Under  the  skull  are  other  papers :  Liste  of  the 
Judges',  Myself  in  Egypt  an  Oratorio;  Ca  ira  ira.  He  wears  uniform  and 
a  plumed  cocked  hat  framed  in  a  triangle  of  daggers  and  irradiated.  The 
three  sides  are  inscribed  respectively  Seyes  (1.),  Buonaparte  (r.),  and  Ducos. 
Within  it  is  the  word  Abbaye  (the  prison  at  which  the  September  Massacres 
began).  Behind  and  on  each  side  of  'Satan'  stands  an  attendant  demon 
(T.Q.L.)  emerging  from  clouds,  with  webbed  wings  and  wearing  a  long 
straight  gown  with  bands;  one  (r.)  wears  a  bonnet-rouge;  beside  him  is 
inscribed :  Constitutions  Ready  for  all  Occasions,  indicating  Sieyes,  the  other 
being  Ducos;  both  look  with  sour  apprehension  at  their  master.  In  the 
air  fly  four  little  demons  with  barbed  tails,  with  the  heads  of  English 
Jacobins,  but  one,  Sheridan  (1.),  spits  fire  at  his  master  (cf.  No.  9397,  &c.). 
Fox  is  on  the  r.,  the  others  are  smaller  and  less  characterized:  (?)  M.  A. 
Taylor  (1.)  and  Stanhope  (r.). 

Along  the  lower  margin  are  the  heads  of  ruffianly  Frenchmen  who 
applaud  their  new  master;  they  wave  bonnets-rouges  or  daggers.  One 
shouts  Down  with  the  Councils  up  vfi^  the  Committees,  another  Vive  La 
Babouf  Ca  ira. 

For  Brumaire  see  No.  9426,  &c.  The  conspiracy  of  Babeuf  (1796)  was 
exaggerated  and  suppressed  for  political  reasons  to  give  an  impression  of 
danger  from  red  extremists.  On  19  Brumaire  a  subservient  committee 
proposed  the  abolition  of  the  Directory  and  the  entrusting  of  the  provisional 
government  to  Bonaparte,  Sieyes,  and  Ducos.    For  Fuseli  cf.  No.  7585,  n. 

Broadley,  i.  131. 
iiJX9|in. 

*  'Egypt'  is  scored  through  and  followed  by  'Earth'. 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1799 

9432  A  NEW  HEAD  TO  A  POT  OF  PORTER 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  Street  Dec""  3  lygg 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  John  Bull,  a  shock- 
headed  yokel  in  a  smock,  stands  directed  to  the  1.,  holding  a  tankard,  at 
whose  surprising  contents  he  peers.  A  tiny  figure  of  Pitt,  inscribed  Four 
Pence  per  Quart,  emerges  from  the  pot,  saying:  Indeed  Johnny,  it  is  no  fault 
of  mine — /  only  stept  in  to  see  if  they  had  given  you  good  liquor  for  your 
money. 

See  No.  9430 ;  apparently  a  satire  on  the  exoneration  of  Pitt  in  that  print. 
For  the  dearth  see  No.  9545,  &c. 
lof  x8  in. 

9433  FRENCH  LIBERTY  AT  THE  CLOSE  OF  THE  EIGHTEENTH 
CENTURY 

London  Pu¥  by  W*^  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  Street  Dec^  4"'  lygg 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bonaparte,  at  the  head  of  a  file  of 
soldiers,  a  sabre  in  his  hand,  receives  an  imperial  crown  offered  to  him 
on  a  cushion  by  a  kneeling  ragamuffin,  behind  whom  are  four  other  kneel- 
ing and  alarmed  sansculottes.  He  appears  about  to  take  the  crown  and 
place  it  on  his  bare  head ;  under  his  foot  is  a  bonnet-rouge.  His  soldiers 
look  with  wary  contempt  at  the  deputation,  at  which  those  who  have 
muskets  point  their  bayonets ;  others  hold  pikes. 

For  Brumaire  see  No.  9426,  &c.    For  the  anticipation  of  the  Empire 
see  also  Nos.  9427,  9509,  9522,  9523. 

Broadley,  i.  131-2. 
9|xi4|in. 

9434  A  PROPHETIC  SKETCH  OF  THE  (WIG')  CLUB  AS  DE- 
SCRIBED IN  THE  iST  BOOK  OF  SAMUEL 

Pub.  Dec.  20f^  lygg-  by  S.W.  Fores,  N"  50,  Piccadilly. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  title  continues:  22  Ch.  2  Ve. 
And  every  one  that  was  in  distress,  and  every  one  that  was  in  debt,  and  every 
one  that  was  discontented,  gathered  themselves  unto  him,  and  he  became  a 
great  Captain  over  them,  and  there  were  with  him  about  four  hundred  men. 
The  Whigs  gather  round  a  small  table,  with  tankards  of  porter  inscribed 
4^  (see  No.  9430,  &c.).  Fox  (T.Q.L.)  stands  with  r.  arm  raised,  fist 
clenched,  addressing  the  company.  He  wears  a  bonnet-rouge  and  his 
(bandaged)  1.  arm  is  in  a  sling.  From  his  pocket  issues  O  Conners  Con- 
fession, see  No.  9245,  &c.  All  listen  with  dejected  intentness.  They  are 
(1.  to  r.):  Derby,  his  profil  perdu  on  the  extreme  1.,  Bedford,  dressed  as  a 
jockey  (see  No.  9380),  raising  his  tankard  to  Fox;  his  stool  is  Tax^d  (see 
No.  9167).  Opposite  him,  and  on  Fox's  r.,  are  Erskine,  Tierney,  and 
(more  prominent)  Sheridan.  Opposite  Fox  (and  on  Bedford's  r.)  is  Nor- 
folk. On  Fox's  1.,  but  in  the  background,  is  Nicholls,  then  ( })  Lauderdale 
(or  Jekyll),  next  Burdett,  and,  in  prominence  on  the  extreme  r.,  George 
Hanger.  Fox  declaims:  Here  Citizens,  here — an  infamous  attack  upon  the 
Club  the  only  Liquor  allowed  to  be  raised  upon  us,  I  say  Citizens  it  is  the 
Ministers  doings  he  knows  our  distress,  he  knows  our  Situations,  he  has 
privately  done  it  to  annihilate  entirely.  Rouse  yourselves,  raise  your  spirits 
against  the  Porter,  let  off  the  whole  artillery  of  your  mallevolence  against  that 

'  A  wig  is  depicted. 

579 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

fellow  who  so  maliciously  keeps  us  out  of  Place  [cf.  No.  8981] — &  le  me  hear 
next  Club  night  the  Harangues  you  have  made  in  the  different  Alehouses  & 
Slap-Bang  Shops  [cheap  eating-houses],  against  Placemen  &  Pensioners. — 
Citizens  I  would  meet  him  myself,  but  for  my  lame  hand.  On  the  r.  are 
inscribed  the  Rules  &  Orders  i  That  the  Majesty  of  the  People  be  the 
standing  Toast  [see  Nos.  9168,  9205,  &c.].  2  That  what  can't  be  said  in 
the  House  is  to  be  said  here  [cf.  No.  9343].  3  That  if  any  member  be  detected 
in  an  unlawfull  Act:  all  the  Club  do  voluntarily  Swear  to  his  good  Character, 
and  that  he  is  as  pure  as  themselves; — (Maidstone  to  wit)  [see  No.  9245,  &c.]. 
4  That  the  word  Poverty  never  be  mentioned  in  the  Club,  on  forfeit  of  the 
persons  expectations.  5  That  Cheating  Tradesmen  of  their  property;  under 
privelege  of  Parliament  be  allowed  &  sanctioned.  6  That  every  member  do 
exert  himself  to  the  utmost,  to  damp  the  spirits  of  the  People;  &  particularly 
by  holding  out  the  Country  to  be  in  a  dreadful  State.  7  That  every  informa- 
tion be  conveyed  over  the  water,  that  will  keep  up  the  present  War  [see 
No.  9194],  Sf  then  charge  it  on  the  Administration.  8  That  all  duties  be 
neglected  to  attend  this  Club  &  its  private  concerns  [see  No.  9018,  &c.]. 

Fox  denounced  the  Union,  see  No.  9284,  &c.,  in  the  Whig  Club  and 
in  private,  but  did  not  speak  on  it  in  ParHament.  Holland,  Memoirs  of  the 
Whig  Party,  i.  143.  See  No.  9343.  He  had  recently  injured  his  hand  by 
the  bursting  of  a  gun.  Private  Corr.  of  Lord  G.  Leveson  Cower,  191 6, 
i.  250.  The  Whig  Club  is  represented  as  a  plebeian  tavern  club,  cf. 
No.  8220.  For  the  Foxite  attitude  to  war  news,  cf.  No.  9248. 
9^Xi2f  in. 

9435  MODERN  MODERATION  STRIKINGLY  DISPLAYED  OR 
A  MINISTERIAL  VISITATION  OF  A  SABBATH  EVENING 
SCHOOL 

J.  Kay  1799 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  school-room,  dominated  by  the  figure  of  a 
minister  (1.)  v^rearing  hat  and  bands;  he  stands  with  upraised  stick.  His 
1.  hand  holds  that  of  a  young  woman ;  both  are  in  profile  to  the  r.  Tiny 
boys  (r.)  sit  on  a  form  facing  one  side  of  a  long  sloping  desk.  Opposite 
them  a  crowd  of  children  in  odd  perspective  form  a  pyramid ;  boys  flee 
towards  an  open  door  (1.).  The  minister  says :  Dismiss!  I  order  every  one 
of  you!  go  home  and  desire  your  Parents  to  teach  you  I  have  a  right  to  be 
heard  I  say  go  Home —  Two  schoolmasters  stand  at  the  farther  end  of  the 
long  desk  and  on  the  extreme  r. ;  one  says :  Sir!  some  of  them  have  no  Parents. 

The  General  Assembly  in  Scotland  had  condemned  Sunday  schools  as 
hot-beds  of  disaffection  and  in  their  'Pastoral  Admonition'  of  1799 
described  their  teachers  as  'persons  notoriously  disaffected  to  the  civil 
constitution  of  the  country'.  In  several  places  schools  were  accordingly 
suppressed.  Dr.  William  Moodie  of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Edinburgh, 
Professor  of  Hebrew  in  the  University,  having  been  asked  by  the  teachers 
to  inspect  (and  approve),  instantly  ordered  the  pupils  to  disperse.  Cf. 
No.  8361. 

'Collection',  No.  262.  Kay,  No.  cxliii.  Reproduced,  S.  C.  Roberts, 
Picture  Book  of  British  Hist,  iii,  1932,  p.  29. 


580 


1799 
PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES 

9436  WE  SERVE  A  KING  WHOM  WE  LOVE— A  GOD  WHOM 
WE  ADORE 

Pizarro 
Drawn.  Eich'd  &  Pu¥  by  Dighton.  Chars  Cross  June.  lygg 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Kemble  (scarcely  caricatured),  as  Rolla 
(the  noble  Peruvian),  stands  with  his  1.  hand  pointing  upwards,  his  r.  arm 
thrown  back,  his  head  in  profile  to  the  r.  He  wears  quasi-classical  dress, 
with  barbarian  adornments,  feathered  head-dress,  heavy  gold  belt,  and 
ornaments.  The  costume  appears  substantially  correct,  with  some  exaggera- 
tion of  the  gold  chains  and  ornaments.  Cf.  the  mezzotint  by  S.  W.  Reynolds, 
after  Lawrence,  and  a  more  realistic  frontispiece  to  the  play.  (B.M.L.  164. 
h.  24.)  The  title  is  from  the  patriotic  speech  which  made  the  fortune  of 
the  play,  see  No.  9407.  A  companion  print  to  No.  9437. 
8ix6|in. 

9437  HOLD !— PIZARRO— HEAR  ME!— IF  NOT  ALWAYS  JUSTLY, 
AT  LEAST  ACT  ALWAYS  GREATLY.  Pizarro. 

Drawn  EtcKd  &  Pu¥  by  Dighton.  Chars  Cross.  Dec"  14^^  1799- 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Mrs.  Siddons  as  Elvira  in  Pizarro.  Her 
words  are  from  Act  iii.  iii  (in  Pizarro's  tent).  She  stands  with  her  head 
turned  in  profile  to  the  1.,  r.  arm  extended  in  a  commanding  gesture.  She 
wears  a  high-waisted,  quasi-classical  dress,  with  a  long  cloak  bordered  with 
gold,  folds  of  which  are  twisted  round  her  1.  arm.  A  companion  print  to 
No.  9436.   For  the  play  see  No.  9396,  &c. 

Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  Ixxx;  H.  M.  Hake,  Print  Collectors  Quarterly ^ 
xiii.  139;  Rhodes,  Harlequin  Sheridan,  1933,  p.  176. 
8x6|in. 

9438  "ELEGANCE    DEMOCRATIQUE."    A    SKETCH    FOUND 
NEAR  HIGH-WYCOMBE 

J^  Gillray  inv^  &  fee' 

Pub^jfuly  5'*  1799.  by  H.  Humphrey,  2y  S' James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Lord  Wycombe,  scarcely  caricatured, 
walks  to  the  1.,  his  head  in  profile,  1.  hand  on  hip,  r.  on  a  club-like  walking- 
stick.  His  coat  is  curiously  cut,  his  (striped)  waistcoat  longer  and  breeches 
shorter  than  the  contemporary  fashion.  He  wears  a  neck-cloth  and  shoes. 
His  gait  is  slouching  and  his  dress  rather  slovenly.  Clouds  form  a  back- 
ground. Below  the  title:  " — whenever  I  wish  to  form  a  proper  estimate  of 
a  mans  Mind,  I  observe  his  Manners  &  his  Dress". 

Wycombe  (1765-1809),  elder  son  of  Lord  Lansdowne,  M.P.  for  his 
father's  borough  of  High  Wycombe,  was  eccentric,  shunned  a  political 
career,  and  had  quarrelled  with  his  father.  He  was  called  by  the  ladies  of 
Lansdowne's  household  *a  Lovelace  without  his  polish'.  Journal  of  Lady 
Holland,  1908,  i.  127,  140,  176,  ii.  209-10.  At  this  time  he  was  pursuing 
Lady  Bessborough,  see  Private  Corr.  of  Lord  G.  Leveson  Gower,  19 16, 
i.  261,  264. 

581 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  266.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  504.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
I2|x  9i|  in.  With  border,  13  x  loj  in. 

9439  A  PORTRAIT 

jf^  Gillray  deP  &  fec^  ad  vtv*"' 

Publish' d  July  jo'*  lygg.  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  2y,  S^  James's  Street, 
London, 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  H.L.  portrait  in  an  oval  of  the  Duke 
of  Cumberland  in  profile  to  the  1.,  scarcely  caricatured,  but  with  a  half- 
closed  eye  which  gives  an  expression  of  arrogance.  He  wears  a  hat  whose 
curving  brim  shades  his  eyes  and  rests  on  his  high  coat-collar.  His  chin 
is  swathed  in  a  stock,  and  an  eye-glass  hangs  from  a  ribbon. 

Prince  Ernest  was  made  a  peer  on  4  Apr.  1799,  and  was  then  granted 
an  establishment.  He  had  lost  his  1.  eye  at  the  battle  of  Tournay,  1794. 
See  No.  9289. 

Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
6iiX5|in. 

9440  HALF  NATURAL. 
[Gillray.] 

Pub^  August  i^^  1799-  by  H.  Humphrey  N°  2y  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Skeffington,  in  back  view,  stands  squarely, 
but  looks  smiling  to  the  r.,  his  sharp  features  in  profile.  He  wears  a  round 
hat,  powdered  hair,  with  a  dark  whisker,  a  much-wrinkled  Jean  de  Bry 
coat  (see  No.  9425),  breeches,  and  top-boots  with  spike  toes.  His  coat- 
collar  and  shoulders  are  thickly  coated  with  hair-powder  (cf.  No.  8190). 
His  attitude  is  that  of  one  displaying  his  ungainly  costume.  He  faces  a 
path  which  leads  to  a  distant  gibbet. 

For  Skeffington  (1771-1850),  fop  and  playwright,  see  Nos.  9447,  9557, 
and  D.N.B.  A  caricature  portrait  was  published  by  Fores,  19  Mar.  1823, 
as  A  Sketch  of  what,  was  once  a  Dandy. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  266.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  471. 
9|X7iin. 

9441  PEN-ETRATION. 

J'  Gillray  des  &f 

Pu¥  Aug*  6'*  1799  by  H.  Humphrey  N  2y  S*  James's  Street — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Caricature  portrait  of  John  Penn  (1760- 
1834),  miscellaneous  writer  and  grandson  of  the  founder  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  his  feet  splayed  out,  wearing  a  round  hat, 
gloves,  wrinkled  Jean  de  Bry  coat  (see  No.  9425),  pantaloons  tied  above 
the  ankles,  and  heelless  slippers  with  spike  toes.  In  his  1.  hand  is  a  cane. 
He  has  a  vacant  expression  with  gaping,  fish-like  mouth  and  receding  chin. 
A  flagged  pavement,  brick  wall,  and  cast  shadows  form  a  background.  The 
title  continues:  — NB;  This  Title  has  no  affinity  to  Pen,  as  connected  with 
the  Goose-Quill;  nor  has  it  any  allusion  to  Penguin,  a  stupid  creature  between 
a  Fish  &  a  Fowl; — the  word  is  simply  derived  from  Pen,  as  the  Instrument 
used  to  express  the  deep  researches  of  the  mind;  see  the  S*  James's  Street  chit- 

582 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1799 

chat — respecting  a  Keen  Pen; — a  Witty  Pen; — <Sf  a  Pen,  often  Cut,  but  never 
mended.   See  No.  9447. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  266.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  470.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.j 
1830. 
ioiX7iin. 

9442  THE  MILITARY  CARICATURIST. 
[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  Dec''  6'*  1799.  by  H.  Humphrey  N"  2y  S^  James's  Street — 
London — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  officer  wearing  boots,  plumed 
cocked  hat,  and  an  enormous  sabre,  stands  full-face,  with  shoulders 
hunched,  a  porte-crayon  in  his  mouth.  Under  his  r.  arm  is  a  portfolio  of 
Caricatures,  while  crude  caricature  prints  are  pinned  to  the  wall:  Wit  is 
a  squatting  woman  looking  over  her  shoulder  to  say  Baiser!.  Character 
is  a  quasi-lion  with  an  ass's  head  inscribed  This  is  a  Red  Lion.  A  print  of 
a  Jean-de-Bry  coat  and  a  boot  is  inscribed  Classick  Studies.  A  clumsy 
Hottentot  inscribed  Venus  de  Medicis  is  Grace.  A  goat  painting  a  recum- 
bent nude  on  a  canvas  inscribed  Leith  Harbour  is  Refined  Sentiment. 

On  a  table  against  the  wall  (r.)  is  a  bottle  of  Velno  (a  quack  remedy, 
see  No.  7592),  and  two  books:  Aretine's  Postures  and  La  Pucelle.  Under 
the  table  is  a  large  portfolio:  Hints  from  Bunbury;  Mat  .  .  Darly — Lord 
Townshend  &c  &c.  A  patterned  carpet  covers  the  floor.  Beneath  the  title: 
" — his  Satires  are  as  keen  as  the  Back  of  a  Rasor; — and  having  but  Three 
Ideas  in  the  World,  "Two  of  them  borrowed, — &  the  Third,  nobody  else 
would  own." — 

These  accusations  of  plagiarism  and  indecency  are  said  to  be  against 
General  Davies,  a  well-known  amateur  reputed  to  have  spoken  slightingly 
of  Gillray ;  the  same  officer  appears  in  Nos.  9037,  9069.  Thomas  Davies, 
of  the  Artillery,  was  a  Major-General  (1796).  For  Darly  see  Vol.  v, 
pp.  xxxiv,  xxxviii.   For  Bunbury  and  Townshend  see  D.N.B. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  267.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  447.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.y 
1830. 
1 1 X  8i  in.  With  border,  i2|  X  9!  in. 

9443  MRS  GIBBS  THE  NOTORIOUS  STREET-WALKER,  &  EX- 
TORTER— 

[Gillray.] 

Publishd  SepV  23^  1799  &  Sold  by  all  y  Book  &  Print  Sellers  in 
London  Price  6^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  T.Q.L.  portrait,  directed  to  the  r.,  of 
a  sour-looking  and  squinting  woman,  wearing  a  bonnet  and  a  patterned 
dress.  She  holds  a  book.  The  Four  Evangelists.  Beneath  the  title :  Swearing 
at  the  Old  Bailey  to  M^  J.  Beck  having  Robbed  her  in  Kensington  Garden 
of  which  charge  he  was  honorably  acquitted — multitudes  of  Witnesses  appearing 
to  prove  her  having  made  similar  Charges  against  them,  in  order  to  extort 
Money.  On  the  design :  Caution  to  the  Unwary! — This  Pest  of  Society  is 
rather  of  a  Tall  &  Thin  form  .  .  .  [&c.,  &c.]. 

This  woman,  who  was  hissed  out  of  the  Old  Bailey  and  protected  from 
the  angry  mob  by  constables  on  21  Sept.  when  she  falsely  charged  Beck, 
on  5  Oct.  attempted  the  same  trick,  and  was  at  once  recognized  at  the 

583 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

watch-house  where  she  gave  the  man  in  charge  'from  the  caricature  in  the 
print  shops'.  Lond.  Chron.,  23  Sept.,  8  Oct.  After  making  many  similar 
attempts,  being  recognized,  assauhed  by  the  mob,  and  protected  by  con- 
stables, she  was  at  last  found  to  be  insane.  Ibid.,  16  Dec.  See  No.  9444. 
Grego,  Gillray,  p.  266.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  485.  Reprinted,  G.PI^.G., 
1830. 
ioiX7|in.  (pL). 

9444  A  CORRECT  LIKENESS  OF  THE  NOTORIOUS  JANE  GIBBS. 

Ptd>.  by  Fores  Piccadilly  [c.  Sept.  1799] 

Engraving.  A  T.Q.L.  portrait  of  Gibbs,  directed  to  the  1.  and  holding  a 
long  glove.  Beneath  the  title :  She  addresses  herself  to  decent  dressed  men 
as  a  Servant  out  of  Place,  or  a  Quaker,  pretends  a  deal  of  Modesty,  and  if 
she  cannot  prevail  by  these  means,  she  then  accuses  them  of  having  robbed  her 
.  .  .  and  with  such  boldness,  that  has  induced  many  respectable  men  to  give 
her  sums  of  money  to  prevent  unpleasant  consequences . . .  [&c.].  See  No.  9443. 
8|x6|in. 

9445  AN  ARTIST  TRAVELLING  IN  WALES. 

Rowlandson  delin  Merke  sculp 

London  Pu¥  Feb^  10  lygg  at  R  Ackermann's  loi  Strand 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  tall  and  gaunt  elderly  man,  spectacles 
on  dripping  nose,  and  heavily  laden  with  painting-materials,  rides  down  a 
steep  grassy  hill,  meeting  a  slanting  deluge  of  rain.  A  long  tobacco-pipe 
is  thrust  through  the  brim  of  his  hat.  In  his  r.  hand  is  an  open  umbrella, 
under  the  1.  arm  an  easel,  to  which  are  attached  palette,  &c.,  and  a  coffee- 
pot and  tea-kettle.  A  large  sketch-book  is  strapped  to  his  back;  a  box  is 
on  the  pony's  back.  A  peasant  woman  with  three  children  stands  behind 
him  (r.),  watching  the  descent.  In  the  valley  bottom  is  a  church  among 
trees.  A  high  bare  hill  and  heavy  clouds  form  a  background. 

In  Aug.  1797  Wigstead  and  Rowlandson  went  on  a  sketching  tour  in 
Wales.  An  Account  of  the  tour  by  Wigstead  (d.  1800)  was  published  by 
W.  Wigstead  in  1800  with  plates,  aquatinted  by  J.  Hill,  after  Rowlandson, 
Wigstead,  Pugh,  and  Howitt  (B.M.L.  792.  i.  7).  It  is  suggested  by  Grego 
that  this  is  a  self-portrait;  it  does  not  resemble  other  portraits  of  Rowland- 
son,  and  the  subject  is  an  older  and  leaner  man,  perhaps  Wigstead. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  360-2. 
lojx  i2j|  in.   With  border,  13  X  15^  in. 

9446  THE  COURTEOUS  BARONET  OR  THE  WINDSOR  ADVER- 
TISER 

Pu¥  Feby  16  lygg  by  C  Knight  Windsor. 

Engraving.  Engraving  inset  within  a  printed  letter  on  the  r.  and  1.  margins, 
signed  John  Dinely,  the  whole  surrounded  by  an  ornamental  border  in 
wood-cut,  with  small  emblematical  wood-cuts  at  the  four  corners.    A 
portrait  of  Dinely  standing  in  profile  to  the  r.,  a  letter  in  his  r.  hand,  1. 
forefinger  raised.   He  wears  old-fashioned  dress  and  oddly  shaped  boots 
with  pattens.   Beneath  the  title  is  etched: 
How  happy  will  a  Lady  be 
To  have  a  little  Baronet,  to  dandle  on  her  Knee 
Printed:  'I  do  hereby  declare  this  New  Edition  of  my  last  Address  to 

584 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1799 

the  Ladies,  to  be  a  true  Copy,  and  that  Mr.  C.  Knight  hath  my  Authority 
to  publish  the  same  as  an  Embellishment  to  my  Portrait 

John  Dinely' 
Sir  John  Dinely  (1739-1808  or  1809)  succeeded  his  twin  brother,  who 
died  a  lunatic  in  176 1.  He  was  well  known  for  his  eccentricities,  notably 
his  matrimonial  advertisements;  he  lived  in  extreme  poverty,  and  was  a 
Poor  Knight  of  Windsor.  G.  E.  C,  Complete  Baronetage,  v.  6;  Burke's 
Romance  of  the  Aristocracy,  1855,  ii.  19-35;  D.N.B. 
1 1  X  6||  in.   Printed  sheet,  17I X  1 1-|  in. 

9446  A  An  impression  with  the  same  imprint,  without  printed  matter. 

9446  B  A  coloured  impression,  without  printed  matter,  Pul/  Feb^  16. 
lygg.  by  SW  Fores  N°  30  Piccadilly. 

'Caricatures',  vi.  i. 

9447  THE  BOND  STREET  BATTALION— OR  THE  HOSPITAL 
STAFF  FROM  HOLLAND!!! 

[Cawse.] 

Publish^  Nov"  18^^  lygg  by  S  W  Fores  No  50  Piccadilly  where  folios 
of  Caricat[ures  are]  lent  for  the  E[vemng] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fashionable  town  loungers  (cf.  No. 
8377,  &c.),  badly  damaged  in  dress  and  limb,  walk  on  a  broad  pavement. 
In  the  foreground  are  five  figures,  three  in  back  view ;  all  have  one  arm 
in  a  sling,  two  have  a  leg  supported  at  the  knee,  two  have  bandaged  eyes. 
Their  coats  and  hats  are  riddled  with  holes  and  rents.  The  man  on  the 
extreme  r.  is  Skefiington,  copied  in  reverse  from  No.  9440,  but  wearing 
a  large  cocked  hat.  He  looks  round  at  Penn,  copied  in  reverse  from 
No.  9441.  From  Penn's  pocket  issues  a  paper:  [word  illegible] /or  Boxing. 
Under  the  foot  of  the  man  on  the  extreme  1.,  who  is  gazing  at  a  lady  through 
an  eye-glass,  is  a  paper:  Leakes  Pills  (absent  in  No.  9447  a).  Next  him 
is  Lord  Kirkcudbright.  Behind  are  other  members  of  the  'Battalion', 
freely  sketched  and  similarly  damaged. 

Town  fops  are  accused  of  feigning  wounds,  which  had  become  fashion- 
able by  the  return  of  the  Guards  from  Holland,  see  No.  9412. 
9  X  14I  in, 

9447  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N'^  XXII.  to  London  und  Paris,  iv,  1799- 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  340-5. 

61x81  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9448  THE  GOUT. 

[Gillray.] 

Pub^  May  14*^  ijgg,  by  H.  Humphrey  2j  S^  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  bare  foot,  inflamed  and  hideously 
swollen,  rests  on  a  cushion.  The  demon  of  gout,  snorting  fire,  spreads 
himself  over  the  affected  part,  digging  in  barbed  fangs  and  sharp  teeth. 
His  barbed  and  serrated  tail  waves  above  him. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.   264  (small  copy).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  454. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Often  reproduced,  e.g.  Fuchs,  p.  444;  Weber, 
p.  72. 
9jX  i2|  in.   With  border,  io|x  10  in. 

585 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9449  PUNCH   CURES  THE  GOUT— THE  COLIC —AND  THE 
'TISICK. 

[Gillray.] 

PuMJuly  i^^  1799'  by  H.  Humphrey,  27,  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  revellers  sit  at  a  small  round 
table  on  which  is  a  large  punch-bowl,  each  holding  a  full  glass,  A  fat  man 
in  an  arm-chair  (r.),  full-face,  each  gouty  bandaged  leg  supported  on  a 
stool,  his  1.  hand  bandaged,  and  wearing  a  dressing-gown,  with  jovially 
contorted  features,  declaims  the  first  part  of  the  title.  His  neighbour,  a 
young  woman  with  her  hand  clasping  her  waist,  declaims  the  second  part. 
A  wretched  invalid  (1.),  with  stick-like  limbs,  looking  on  the  verge  of  the 
grave,  repeats  the  last  part.  The  words,  inscribed  in  scrolls,  form  the  only 
title.  They  are  the  words  of  an  old  catch  which  continues :  'And  is  by  all 
agreed  the  very  best  of  physic'  A  patterned  carpet,  and  cast  shadows  on 
a  plain  wall,  complete  the  design. 

Grego,  Gz/Zroy,  p.  265.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  453.  Reprinted,  G.PF.G., 
1830. 
9|x  12I  in.  With  border,  10  X  13^  in. 

9450  —"OH!  LISTEN  TO  THE  VOICE  OF  LOVE." 
[Gillray.] 

Published  Nov^  14^^  1799-  by  H.  Humphrey  N"  2y  S*  Jameses  Street 
London — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  ugly  man  (1.)  kneels  (on  a  spotted 
handkerchief)  at  the  feet  of  a  plain  old  maid  seated  on  an  upright  chair; 
he  holds  her  1.  hand,  his  r.  is  on  his  breast.  She  holds  up  her  fan  in  a  way 
more  encouraging  than  coy.  Both  grin  broadly.  A  patterned  carpet  and 
plain  wall  complete  the  design. 

Grego,  G/Z/roy,  p.  267.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  458.  Reprinted,  G.PF.G., 
1830. 
7  X  61I  in.   With  border,  8|  X  7I  in. 

9450  A  A  copy:  J^^  Gillray  deP,  the  title,  without  final  quotation-marks, 
faces  p.  62  in  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray.  Impression  in  Print  Room. 

7i^6  X  H  ^^-  With  border,  8|  X  7f  in. 

9451  SYMPTOMS  OF  A  THAW.  4 
B.  North  Esq'  deP 

Etch'd  &  Pu¥  byJBaldrey  May  2y:  1799. 

Engraving.'  Skaters,  on  a  lake,  all  men.  Two  have  fallen  through  the  ice; 
two  skate  with  agility,  two  lie  prone,  others  are  falling  headlong  in  their 
anxiety  to  escape.   Slanting  lines  suggest  rain. 
SfgXSiin. 

9452  TAKING  POT  LUCK.  Jo 
B:  N^  [Brownlow  North]  Esq'  delK  Etc¥  &  Pu¥  July  12:  lygg  by 

J:  Baldrey  Cambridge 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  sequence  of  disasters:  a  servant  (1.), 
entering  with  a  joint  of  meat,  is  tripped  up  by  a  dog,  falls  forward,  bring- 

'  Also  a  coloured  impression,  Cannan  Coll.,  No.  223. 
*  The  letters  after  'N'  appear  to  have  been  scraped  out. 

586 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1799 

ing  his  dish  down  heavily  on  the  head  of  one  diner.  The  latter  falls  back- 
wards, grabbing  the  table,  which  tilts  and,  together  with  a  plate  of  soup, 
strikes  his  vis-a-vis  under  the  chin.  The  contents  of  a  large  tureen  deluge 
the  falling  man.  A  second  servant  (r.)  runs  forward  with  uplifted  arms. 
Two  lighted  candles  fall  with  the  table. 
5^X81  in. 

9453  A  FETE  AT  CUM******D  [CUMBERLAND]  HOUSE;  OR 
THE  COMFORTS  OF  AN  UNINHABITED  MANSION!!! 

[?  Newton.] 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  Oxford  <S'  Aug^  1799- 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Seven  ghosts  wearing  long  white  robes 
and  tall  conical  caps  sit  at  a  bare  table,  an  eighth  stands  holding  a  dish 
and  guttering  candle.  Two  hold  goblets.  They  are  grotesque,  some  with 
long  pointed  ears.   They  sing: 

Since  here  we  are  met. 

Of  Ghosts  a  set. 

Of  Ether  we'll  drink  galore; 

We'll  rant  and  revel, 

And  play  the  devil, 

While  grass  grows  green  at  the  door!  [&c.] 
In  the  background  five  ghosts,  naked  except  for  their  caps,  dance  in  a 
ring,  one  holding  up  a  broom. 
9X14!  in. 

9454  *"MONSTROSITIES"   OF    1799,— SCENE,    KENSINGTON 
GARDENS 

*for  the  Origin  of  the  Word  consult  the  Johnnesonian  Dictiotiary  Edition  of 

1799— 
[Gillray.] 
Pu¥  June  25'*  lygg  by  H  Humphrey  N"  27  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Two  ladies  (1.)  walk 
arm-in-arm  to  the  1. ;  a  good-looking  man,  extravagantly  dressed,  stands 
(r.)  legs  apart,  head  turned  to  inspect  them  as  if  they  were  strange  speci- 
mens. One,  short  and  fat,  wears  a  round  straw  cap  over  a  shock  of  hair 
which  covers  her  eyes,  she  holds  up  a  small  jointed  parasol  to  shield  her 
face.  The  other,  taller,  wears  a  shovel-shaped  scoop  of  straw  tied  to  her 
head  and  projecting  far  beyond  her  face.  Both  have  bare  arms  with  long 
gloves,  and  transparent  draperies  which  define  the  figure.  The  man  wears 
an  exaggerated  Jean  de  Bry  coat  with  high  inflated  sleeves,  cut  above  the 
waist  in  front,  with  tails  which  show  between  his  legs.  A  high  swathed 
neck-cloth  covers  his  chin  and  sets  oflr  bushy  whiskers.  His  boots  have 
high  tasselled  fronts  above  the  knee  and  elongated  toes.  There  is  a  back- 
ground of  trees  with  three  other  figures  similarly  dressed,  one  wears  striped 
trousers  of  nautical  cut  instead  of  boots  and  pantaloons. 

The  note  suggests  a  personal  satire,  possibly  on  Thomas  Johnes,  M.P. 
(see  D.N.B.);  except  for  the  whiskers,  it  is  not  inconsistent  with  his 
portraits,  though  the  dress  does  not  suggest  a  Welsh  country  gentleman. 
For  the  costume  cf.  Nos.  9425,  9440,  9455,  9457,  &c. 

Grego,  G///ray,  p.  265.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  452.  Reprinted,  G.JF.G., 
1830. 


lo^XHiVin. 


587 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9455  ECCENTRICITIES,  MONSTROSITIES,   OR  BELL'S  AND 
BEAU'S  OF  1799. 

[PAnselL] 

Pu¥  July  J*'  1799  hy  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  imitation  of  No.  9454,  with  the  same 
figures,  differently  arranged  and  posed,  and  with  variations  in  dress, 
though  the  same  fashions  are  ridiculed.  The  principal  man  (1.)  looks  away 
from  the  two  ladies  who  are  on  the  r. ;  the  tassels  on  his  high-fronted  boots 
are  replaced  by  bells.  A  seat  on  which  sit  a  beau  and  a  belle  has  been 
added  in  the  background. 
9ix  15  in.  'Caricatures',  vii.  39. 

Two  water-colours  by  an  amateur  are  satires  on  costume,  intended  to  be 
engraved.  In  both  the  Jean  de  Bry  sleeve,  see  No.  9454,  &c.,  is  exaggerated, 
but  the  coat  does  not  wrinkle  across  the  shoulders. 

[i]  Two  fashionably  dressed  men  stand,  one  in  back  view,  the  other  in 
front  view,  shaking  hands,  one  about  to  enter  a  house  (r.).  The  coat  is 
cut  above  the  waist  in  front,  showing  a  striped  waistcoat,  and  divides  into 
two  narrow  tails  at  the  back.  Both  wear  round  hats,  but  these  are  domed 
and  resemble  a  high-crowned  bowler.  One  (1.)  wears  riding-breeches  and 
top-boots,  the  other  tasselled  Hessians  rising  high  above  the  knee  in  front. 
The  man  on  the  1.  has  a  long  pigtail  queue  reaching  far  below  his  waist. 
(Size  lofx  14!  in.) 

[2]  The  same  two  men  stand  differently  posed,  but  in  back  and  front 
view  as  before.  Their  coats  are  much  the  same,  but  their  hats  are  shaped 
like  inverted  flower-pots  with  narrow  brims.  One  (r.)  still  wears  Hessians, 
rather  less  exaggerated ;  the  other  wears  knee-breeches  and  low  shoes,  his 
pigtail  reaches  only  to  the  waist. 

201.  c.  b/71,  72. 

9456  THE  VIRGIN  SHAPE  WAREHOUSE 

[PAnselL] 

Published  July  22,  ijgg,  by  S.W.  Fores  N°  50,  Piccadilly.   Folio's  of 
Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  show-room  in  which  ladies  are  being 
fitted  with  various  types  of  underclothing,  specimens  of  which  hang  from 
the  walls.  An  elderly  man  of  quasi-clerical  appearance  fits  a  very  fat  lady 
with  knickerbockers  and  braces ;  he  looks  over  his  shoulder  at  the  spectator ; 
from  his  pocket  issues  a  roll  of  Compileations.  She  is  the  central  figure  and 
regards  herself  with  admiration  in  an  ornate  wall-mirror  which  reflects  her 
face.  Her  stockings  are  held  up  by  cords  issuing  from  a  disk  on  each  hip. 
A  lady  and  little  girl  (1.)  walk  eagerly  into  the  room.  A  shopman  offers 
two  false  breasts  to  a  wizened  knock-kneed  hag  wearing  knickerbockers. 
On  the  r.  a  complacent  lady  in  knickerbockers  is  having  her  suspenders 
fastened  by  a  kneeling  shopman.  Another,  seated  on  a  chair,  pulls  on 
knickerbockers;  other  bulky  garments  to  tie  at  the  knee  hang  on  the 
wall  (1.).  On  a  shelf  are  wigs  on  stands  (see  No.  9313,  &c.),  and  from  it 
hang  garments  having  some  resemblance  to  the  modern  brassiere  (or 
soutien-gorge)  to  which  braces  are  attached.  There  are  also  suspenders. 
Beneath  the  design :  1^  Trussup  takes  the  liberty  to  acquaint  the  Ladies,  that 

588 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1799 

he  has  by  dint  of  intense  Study,  Astronomical  .  .  .  [&c.  &c]  Calculations, 
Discovered  an  immense  variety,  of  Convenient,  Comfortable,  and  Captivating 
Articles  for  the  Ladies,  first,  his  warm  &  well  contrived  Drawers,  which  will  in 
all  weathers,  keep  warm  .  ...  in  spite  of  the  rage  for  thin  covering,  they  are 
made  of  flannell.  Cotton,  fleecy  hose  &  various  other  commodities  .  .  .  D' 
Trussupp  has  from  much  observation  and  reflection,  prepared  commodious 
Spring  Garters  [  ?  suspenders]  ....  without  that  banefull  ligatue  above  the 
Knee,  which  makes  the  Ancle  so  inelligantly  thick  &  Clumsy,  also  his  wonder- 
full  Wigs  .  .  .  but  above  all,  his  favourite  &  accommodating  Circassian  Vests ^ 
alias  Bosom  Friends,  which  permits  free  respiration,  prevents  all  pressure  on 
the  chest,  raises  the  languid  Breast  to  the  appearance  of  a  Juvenile  heaving 
Bosom.  .  .  .  NB  resolves  all  sorts  of  lawful  &  unlawful  Questions  ....  Casts 
Nativeties,  and  in  short  is  the  only  Man  in  existance,  caperble  [sic]  of  treating 
on  all  Subjects  in  the  Habitable  World. 

Dr.  Trussup  is  identified  as  Dr.  Trussler  (A.  de  R.  vi.  150),  i.e.  John 
Trusler  (173  5-1 820),  eccentric  divine,  literary  compiler,  and  medical 
empiric  (cf.  No.  6337),  see  D.N.B.  These  new  underclothing  develop- 
ments were  the  outcome  of  a  cold  winter  (see  No.  9608)  and  the  fashion 
for  transparent  dress,  see  No.  9457.  Drawers  soon  became  ornamental, 
but  took  some  time  to  establish  themselves  as  a  normal  undergarment: 
in  18 1 2  they  were  worn  by  the  Princess  Charlotte  'and  most  young  women'. 
See  Glenber vie  Journals,  ed.  W.  Sichel,  1910,  p.  153.  For  the  spring  garter 
cf.  Nos.  7930,  7974. 
i2|x  18J  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  26. 

9457  PARISIAN  LADIES  IN  THEIR  WINTER  DRESS  FOR  1800 
Pub^  24*^  Nov^  1799.  by  S.W.  Fores,  N"  50  Piccadilly.   Folio's  of 

Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  A  group  of  women  standing  close  together  display  their 
persons,  which  are  decorated  rather  than  veiled  by  transparent  figured 
draperies ;  one  is  in  back  view.  Curls  dangle  over  their  eyes  and  on  their 
necks,  issuing  from  beneath  close-fitting  caps  crowned  with  erect  bunches 
of  realistic  flowers;  one  wears  a  broader  cap,  and  two  wear  chin-straps. 
The  breasts  are  generally  uncovered.  To  each  lady's  wrist  is  attached  by 
a  long  ribbon  a  pouch  inscribed  Ridicule.  Above  the  ankle  is  a  band  of 
ribbon  or  fringe  tied  with  a  large  bow,  probably  marking  the  limit  of  the 
(invisible)  maillot.  A  patterned  carpet  covers  the  floor.  Across  the  upper 
part  of  the  design  is  etched  Full  Dress. 

The  high  season  for  nudites  gazees  appears  to  have  been  1797-8.  E.  et 
J.  de  Goncourt,  Hist,  de  la  Societe  frangaise  pendant  le  Directoire,  1855, 
pp.  420-3.  Developments,  since  1793,  of  the  dress  which  defined  the 
figure  instead  of  concealing  it,  can  be  traced  in  these  caricatures.  See 
Nos.  8896,  &c.,  and  Nos.  9454,  9458,  9582. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Frau  in  der  Karikatur,  1906,  after  p.  296. 
i3JgX8|in. 

9458  [TRANSPARENCIES.'] 

Pu¥  April  if^  1799  bySW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Aquatint.  Two  pretty  young  women  walk  (1.  to  r.)  in  high-waisted  dresses, 

beneath  which  their  legs  are  defined.  Apart  from  this,  their  dress  is  simple 

'  Title  cropped,  added  in  pen. 

589 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

and  becoming:  close-fitting  turban  or  cap,  with  loose  curls,  framing  the 
face,  large  fur  muff,  and  low-cut  shoes.  A  stout  woman  in  back  view  wears 
voluminous  draperies  through  which  her  contour  is  defined  below  the 
high  waist.  The  figures  are  light  on  a  dark  background.  See  No.  9457,  &c. 
9|-X9iin. 

9459  SAVOYARDS  OF  FASHION— OR  THE  MUSICAL  MANIA 
OF  1799 

Woodward  deV 

Pu¥  April  24^  lygg  hy  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caraca- 
tures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Five  ladies  play  musical  instruments; 
all  stand,  except  a  performer  on  the  triangle  who  is  seated  (r.)  in  profile 
to  the  1.  Next  her  a  vast  lady,  perhaps  Lady  Buckinghamshire,  raises  a 
massive  fist  to  thump  a  tambourine.  The  centre  figure,  who  plays  the 
cymbals  with  graceful  energy,  her  head  turned  to  the  1.  to  show  a  classic 
profile,  may  be  Lady  Charlotte  Campbell,  see  No.  8719.  A  fat  performer 
on  the  French  horn  inflates  her  cheeks  grotesquely.  On  the  extreme  1. 
a  thin  woman,  of  gipsy-like  appearance,  plays  the  true  hurdy-gurdy  or 
vielle. 

The  cymbals  and  tambourine  (with  other  instruments)  were  played  in 
good  society  from  about  this  time.  Cf.  Burney's  Pandean  Minstrels  (1806). 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  Die  Frau  in  der  Karikatur,  1906,  p.  353. 
iij^Xisf  in. 

9460  CHANGE  OF  A  GUINEA  OR  THREE  SEVEN  SHILLING 
PIECES!!!  [i  July  1799] 

Engraving.    Hibernian  Magazine,  1799,  p.  361.    Three  courtesans:  one 
lying  on  a  settee  says  I  De  Clare  for  All  Men;  one,  leaning  against  it,  says: 
/  care  for  Some  Man ;  the  third,  /  Deny  no  Man.   Cf .  No.  9469.   For  the 
seven-shilling  piece  see  No.  9281. 
4x6^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154.  ka. 

9461  THE  DISCOVERY.  [i  Dec.  1799] 
Engraving.  Hibernian  Magazine,  1799,  p.  289.  An  adaptation  of  No.  8178 
(by  Rowlandson,  1792).  A  lady  and  a  military  officer  embrace  on  a  sofa. 
A  man  with  horns  sprouting  from  his  head  looks  over  a  screen  (1.),  behind 
which  crouches  a  grinning  servant  in  livery.  They  are  said  to  be  'well 
known  Characters  in  Modern  High  Life'. 

5X7jin.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154  ka. 

9462  UNION  BETWEEN  ENGLAND  &  IRELAND.  [1799] 

[Rowlandson,  ?  after  Woodward.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  burly  and  ragged  Irishman  with  a 
wooden  leg  sits  on  the  knee  of  a  fat  and  grotesque  Englishwoman;  they 
kiss,  his  r.  arm  round  her  neck,  both  her  arms  round  his  shoulders.  A 
poverty-stricken  room  is  indicated  by  a  low  casement  window  with  broken 
panes,  bricks  showing  through  broken  plaster,  and  a  rough  plank  door  (1.). 
On  a  table  is  an  enormous  tankard  and  a  small  measure  of  gin.  For  the 
title  see  No.  9284,  &c. 
loJxSin. 

590 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1799 

9462  a  union  between  England  &  Ireland  !! 

[?  Woodward  del.] 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  N.  50  Oxford  St.  February  20*^  1799- 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  ( ?)  copy,  reversed,  of  No.  9462. 
9-|X9in.  'Caricatures',  Lx.  173. 

9463  connoisseurs. 

Rowlandson  1799 

Pub:  June  20,  1799,  by  S.W.  Fores  N°  50  Piccadilly.^    Folios  of 
Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving.  Four  elderly  men  peer  pruriently  at  a  picture  on  an  easel  (r.) 
of  a  reclining  Venus.  One  sits,  chapeau-bras,  in  an  arm-chair,  looking 
through  a  lorgnette,  the  others,  behind,  crane  eagerly  forward.  Other 
pictures  of  similar  subjects  (one  of  Susannah  and  the  Elders)  are  on  the 
wall,  one  is  on  the  ground  behind  the  easel ;  all  are  heavily  framed.  All  the 
men  wear  old-fashioned  dress. 
Grego,  Rowlandson^  i.  364-6. 
9|X7igin.  'Caricatures',  ix.  17. 

9464  A  FRESH-WATER  SALUTE  [?  1799] 

Rowlandson  DeV 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  Thames  pair-oar  wherry,  with  -two 
passengers,  a  man  and  woman,  is  about  to  collide  with  a  sturdier  boat  in 
which  are  three  men  and  a  stout  trollop,  whose  shouts  and  gesture  shock 
the  passengers  in  the  wherry.  The  river  is  wide,  with  trees  on  the  opposite 
shore  and  a  sailing-barge  in  the  middle  distance. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  371. 
5^x8  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  124. 

9465  RIDE  TO  RUMFORD  [?  1799] 

Rowlandson  ini/ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  the  shop  of  an  apothecary 
with  a  veterinary  practice.  A  stout  and  agonized  lady,  whose  horse  looks 
through  the  door,  raises  her  riding-habit  to  expose  a  bare  posterior  on 
which  the  kneeling  apothecary  is  about  to  place  a  plaster;  a  jar  of  Diaculam 
\sic'\  is  beside  him.  The  operation  is  watched  by  an  assistant  grinding  his 
pestle  in  a  mortar,  by  a  woman,  and  by  a  cat  seated  on  a  stool.  Coloured 
jars  are  in  the  window,  canisters  and  druggist's  china  pots  with  spouts  are 
ranged  on  shelves,  with  placards:  Pills  Rec  tr  drops  &c  and  Patent  Horse 
Balls  Ointment  for  the  Itch.  A  stuffed  fish  hangs  from  the  roof.  Below  the 
title:  "Le/  the  Gall' d  Jade  winch  [sic]. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  371. 
6Jx8|in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  125. 

9465  a  An  enlarged  copy,  imprint  cropped  or  lacking.  Placard:  Pills 
Restorit .  .  .  [&c.,  ut  supra]. 

7f  X  io|  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  72. 

'  Grego  gives  T.  Rowlandson,  i  James  Street,  Adelphi,  as  publisher  (same  date). 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9466  A  BANKRUPT  CART— OR  THE  ROAD  TO  RUIN  IN  THE 
EAST! 

Woodward  DeP  Etched  by  Rozclandson 

Published  by  R  Ackermann  N  loi  Strand  November  5.  lygg 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  plebeian  family  of  'cits'  drive  in  a 
rough  tv^^o-wheeled  cart  (aping  a  fashionable  gig)  drawn  by  a  clumsy  cart- 
horse. The  man  drives,  wearing  cocked  hat  and  top-boots ;  his  wife,  wear- 
ing large  feathers  in  her  small  straw  cap,  holds  up  a  fan.  Both  are  absurdly 
complacent.  A  boy  and  girl  are  crammed  in.  Behind  rides  a  fat  and 
grinning  footman,  with  plodding  dog.  On  the  extreme  r.  a  newsboy  with 
the  London  Gazette  blows  his  horn.  Behind  (1.)  is  an  open  doorway 
inscribed  Mash  Brewer;  within  are  casks.  The  wall  is  inscribed  Puddle 
Dock,  and  on  it  are  two  bills:  Theatre  Royal  Covent  Garden  the  Comedy 
of  the  Bankrupt  with  High  Life  Below  Stairs  and  A  House  to  be  let  in 
Grosvenor  Square  Suitable  for  a  Genteel  Family  (they  appear  to  be  bound 
for  this  house).   Houses  form  a  background. 

A  companion  plate  to  A  Dasher,  or  the  Road  to  Ruin  in  the  West  (not 
in  B.M.). 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  370.  (Small  copy.) 
7|X  i2f  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  42. 

9467  GOOD  NIGHT. 

Woodward  Del.  Etched  by  Rowlandson. 

Pu¥  Nov''  I.  1799  by  R.  Ackermann.  N"  loi  Strand. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Design  in  a  circle.  A  man  (T.Q.L.) 
wearing  a  night-cap  and  holding  a  candle  in  a  flat  candlestick  yawns 
cavernously,  his  1.  arm  outstretched,  the  hand  cut  off  by  the  upper  margin, 
Cf.  No.  9652. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  370. 
Diam.  7J  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  184. 

9468  UNE  BONNE  BOUCHEE  [?  i799 

[Rowlandson.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  'cit'  (H.L.),  directed  to  the  1.,  sits  at 
table,  stuffing  into  his  mouth  a  sucking-pig  impaled  on  his  fork.    His 
face  is  hideously  carbuncled. 
Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  371. 
io|x8  in.  With  border,  ii|x  10  in.  'Caricatures',  vii.  4. 

9469  [A  BRACE  OF  ABRAHAM  NEWLANDS.]' 
[Rowlandson.] 

[Pub.  Hixon.  1799] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  pretty  young  courtesan  lies  on  her 
back  on  a  low  couch ;  another  (r.)  sits  beside  her.  Not  a  caricature.  Heavy 
fringed  drapery  completes  the  design.  The  signature  of  Newland,  chief 
clerk  of  the  Bank  of  England,  on  bank-notes  caused  them  to  be  known  as 
Abraham  Newlands  (cf.  No.  7839).  Cf.  No.  9460. 
8xio|in. 

*  Endorsed  in  pen. 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1799 

9470  GHOST  OF  A  VILLAGE  LAWYER. 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank  Sculp 

[Pub  Fores  4  June  1799] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression),  No.  i  of  a  series,  called  Familiar  Ghosts, 
see  No.  9471.  A  well-dressed  man  (1.)  with  large  grotesque  head,  wearing 
a  cocked  hat,  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  saying  with  an  insinuating  grin: 
"Ah  Tom!  how  are  you."  The  other,  a  yokel  in  a  smock,  keeps  him  off 
with  a  levelled  pitchfork,  saying.  If  the  dost  not  keep  off  the  Farm — rabbit 
me  if  I  donna  stick  thee — thee  canst  not  fetch  a  La  Warrant  now.  No.  3 
(not  in  B.M.)  is  Ghost  of  the  Village  Doctor, 
iif  X8|  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  7. 

9471  GHOST  OF  THE  VICAR!!' 

Woodward  del  Crukshank  [sic]  sculp 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  No.  2  of  a  series.  A  fat  parson  (1.),  with 
a  large  grotesque  head,  and  grog-blossom  nose,  stands  in  profile  to  the  r., 
hands  raised,  addressing  a  countryman  seated  at  a  small  table  smoking, 
holding  a  tankard  of  ale.  He  says  O  thou  abominable  Sot!  alway  tippling 
from  Morning  till  night.   The  man  answers :  Ah — thee  mayst  preach  away 

Measter  Parson — but  I  shanna  forget  the  Tythe  pig  for  all  that!   D e 

I  beant  affraid  of  thee  now.    Cf.  No.  9681. 

I  if  X  8|  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  6. 

9472  A   SUDDEN   CALL,   OR   ONE   OF  THE   CORPORATION, 
SUMMONED  FROM  HIS  FAVORITE  AMUSEMENT. 

Pub  Oct  21. 1 799,  by  S.W.  Fores,  N"  50,  Piccadilly  Folio's  ofCaraca- 
tures  lent  for  the  Ev^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  'cit'  at  table  leans  back,  soup-spoon 
in  hand,  with  an  agonized  expression,  as  Death,  a  skeleton  (r.),  seizes  him 
by  the  throat.  Death  says:  Come  Old  boy  you  have  played  an  excellent 
knife  &  fork, — you  cannot  grumble, — for  you  have  devoured  as  much  in  your 
time,  as  would  have  fed  half  the  Parish  poor.  The  man's  death-rattle  is : 
Lit-t-le-m-o-re  T-ur-t-l-e.  His  gouty  r.  leg  is  supported  on  a  stool.  The 
table-cloth  is  tucked  under  his  chin,  before  him  is  a  large  tureen,  and 
beside  it  a  plate  with  ( ?)  extra  pieces  of  turtle.  Behind  him  (1.)  stands  a 
trembling  footman  spilling  the  wine  he  has  just  uncorked,  looking  with 
dismay  at  his  master:  Bless  us  what's  the  matter  with  the  Alderman — I  never 
knew  Turtle  disagree  with  him  so  before — why  he  has  got  the  Rattles  in  his 
Throat!! 

For  the  guzzling  alderman  cf.  No.  671 1.  See  also  No.  9614,  &c. 
i2|X9f  ^^-  'Caricatures',  viii.  17. 

9473  A  GRINNING  MATCH.  [?  1799] 
[Bunbury  del.   Rowlandson  f.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  countryman  standing  on  a  cask  grins 
through  a  horse-collar.  A  crowd  of  yokels,  those  in  the  foreground  T.Q.L., 
look  up  at  him,  amused  and  applauding.  A  notice-board  rises  above  the 
crowd :  A  gold  Ring  to  be  Grinned  for  The  frightfullest  Grinner  To  be  the 
Winner.  A  man  holds  up  a  ring  on  the  end  of  his  stick,  waving  applause 
'  Imprint  as  No.  9470.   Date,  &c.,  from  A.  de  R.  vi.  137.   No.  9470,  ibid.  134. 

593  Q  q 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

to  the  grinning  man.  A  distant  alehouse  among  trees  is  on  the  horizon. 
Said  to  be  a  companion  print  to  No.  4759. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  372. 
c.  4x5!  in.  (vignetted).  'Caricatures',  ix.  191. 

9474  CRIES  OF  LONDON.  N"  i 
Buy  a  Trap,  a  Rat  Trap,  buy  my  Trap. 

Rowlandson  Delin.  Merke  Sculp. 

London  Pub:  Jan  J*'  1799.  at  R:  Ackermann^s  loi  Strand. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  One  of  a  set  of  eight  plates,  No.  7  (not 
mentioned  by  Grego)  being  missing,  all  having  the  same  signatures.  They 
may  have  been  intended  to  burlesque  Wheatley's  Cries  (1793-7),  from 
which  they  appear  to  derive.'  A  ragged  man,  with  traps  of  various  patterns 
slung  round  him,  and  a  trap  in  each  hand,  offers  his  wares  to  an  old  man 
(1.)  who  looks  from  his  bulk  or  stall,  on  which  are  a  bird  in  a  wicker  cage 
and  a  rabbit  in  a  hutch.  A  little  boy  and  girl,  hand  in  hand,  stare  intently 
at  the  rabbit.  A  dog  snarls  at  two  rats  in  one  of  the  traps.  A  woman  looks 
down  from  a  casement  window  over  the  pent-house  roof  of  the  stall.  In  the 
background  are  a  church  spire  and  the  old  gabled  houses  characteristic  of 
the  slums  of  St.  Giles  and  Westminster.  See  Nos.  9475-9480. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  354  (reproduction). 
lolxSfg  in.  With  border,  13IX  loj  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  128. 

9475  CRIES  OF  LONDON.  No.  2.2 

Buy  my  Goose,  my  fat  Goose. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  man  stands  at  the  door  of  a  house 
chaffering  with  an  elderly  couple  (1.).  In  each  hand  he  holds  a  goose  by 
the  neck.  The  woman  holds  up  a  third  goose  to  her  nose,  with  an  expression 
of  suspicious  anger ;  her  husband  sniffs  at  it  and  holds  out  both  hands  in 
protest.  The  goose-vendor  resembles  a  countryman,  and  wears  a  white 
apron  and  short  gaiters.  On  the  ground  is  his  large  basket  covered  with 
a  white  cloth.  The  house  is  a  comer  one,  with  a  carved  doorway  over 
which  is  a  pestle  and  mortar  to  show  that  it  belongs  to  an  apothecary. 
Behind  are  handsome  Queen  Anne  or  early  Georgian  houses;  a  hackney 
coach  drives  off  (r.).  See  No.  9474. 

Grego,  Rozvlandson,  i.  354. 
io|x8i  in.  With  border,  13X  io|  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  129. 

9476  CRIES  OF  LONDON  N°  3- 
Last  Dying  speech  &  Confession 

London  Pub.  Feb.  20.  at  R  Ackermann's,  Gallery  loi  Strand 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  and  ragged  woman,  typical  of 
St.  Giles,  bawls  her  broadsides  inscribed:  Last  Dying  Speech  and  Con- 
fession of  the  unfortunate  Malefactors  who  were  executed  this  Morning.  She 
stands  full-face,  one  hand  to  her  cheek,  a  pouch  suspended  from  her  neck 

'  The  subjects  are  different  from  those  of  Wheatley,  and  there  is  no  element  of 
copying:,  but  the  group,  with  sentimental  or  humorous  incident  and  architectural 
background,  was  Wheatley's  innovation  on  the  traditional  single  figure  representing 
the  'Cries  of  London'.   Cf.  W.  Roberts,  The  Cries  of  London,  1924,  p.  12. 

*  Imprint  as  No.  9474. 

594 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1799 

hangs  over  her  apron.  She  wears  a  cloak,  and  one  foot  is  bare.  Behind 
her  is  the  corner  of  a  house ;  in  the  doorway  stands  a  young  woman  holding 
an  infant;  a  little  boy  beside  her  looks  up  at  the  bawling  woman,  as  does 
a  dog.  In  the  middle  distance  a  little  boy  takes  a  handkerchief  from  a 
pedestrian's  pocket.  Behind  (r.)  are  houses.  A  burlesque  of  Wheatley's 
A  New  Love  Song  .  .  .  (i  Mar.  1796)  may  be  intended.  See  No.  9474. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  354. 
io|^^x8  in.  With  border,  i3ix  io|  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  130. 

9477  CRIES  OF  LONDON  N"  4. 

Do  you  want  any  brick-dust.^ 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  pretty  young  maidservant  stands  on 
a  doorstep  (r.)  while  a  man,  Irish  in  appearance,  gazes  insinuatingly  into 
her  face  as  he  fills  her  bowl  with  brick-dust  from  a  jar.  He  has  an  ass 
which  stands  patiently,  a  double  sack  pannier-wise  across  his  back  and 
a  second  jar  or  measure  standing  on  the  sack.  The  profile  of  a  shrewish 
old  woman  looks  through  the  door  at  the  couple,  who  are  intent  on  each 
other.  A  dog  barks  at  the  girl.  Behind  is  a  street,  the  nearer  houses  tall 
the  farther  ones  lower  and  gabled.  At  the  doorway  opposite  a  woman 
appears  to  be  giving  food  to  a  poor  woman  and  child.  A  man  and  woman 
lean  from  the  attic  windows  of  adjacent  houses  to  converse.  A  little 
chimney-sweep  emerges  from  a  chimney,  waving  his  brush.  See  No.  9474. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  354. 
lof  x8  in.   With  border,  13IX10J  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  131. 

9478  CRIES  OF  LONDON  N°  5. 
Water  Cresses,  come  buy  my  Water  Cresses 

London  Pub:  Mar:  i.  lygg.  at  R.  Ackermann*s  loi  Strand. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  decrepit  old  man  stands  at  the  door  of 
a  house  of  ill  fame  at  the  corner  of  Portland  Street;  M"  Burke  is  on  the 
door-plate.  One  hand  is  on  the  knocker;  he  turns  to  scowl  at  a  woman  (r.) 
who  holds  out  a  bunch  of  water-cress  from  a  large  shallow  basket  slung 
from  the  hip.  A  child  clings  to  her  shoulders;  a  little  girl  (1.)  with  a  small 
basket  also  offers  him  a  bunch.  Two  young  courtesans  lean  from  a  first- 
floor  window.  In  the  background  (r.),  behind  a  spiked  gate,  are  trees  and 
a  large  house  (or  houses). 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  354. 
loJxSf  in.  With  border,  i2|x  lof  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  132. 

9479  CRIES  OF  LONDON  N"  6^ 

All  a  growing,  a  growing,  heres  Flowers  for  your  Gardens, 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  handsome  young  man  sells  pot-plants 
to  a  pretty  young  woman  who  stands  on  a  door-step  (1.);  a  little  girl  beside 
her  points  eagerly  to  the  flowers  He  has  a  two-wheeled  cart  drawn  by  an 
ass ;  in  it  are  small  shrubs  in  large  pots ;  two  pots  of  flowering  plants  are 
on  the  ground.  The  background  is  formed  by  part  of  a  palatial  house 
having  a  portico  raised  on  an  arcade.  See  No.  9474. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  354. 
io|x8|  in.   With  border,  i2j|x  lof  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  133. 

'  Imprint  as  No.  9476.  *  Imprint  as  No.  9478. 

595 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9480  CRIES  OF  LONDON.  N«  8. 
Hot  cross  Bunns  two  a  penny  Bunns 

London  Pu¥  May  4.  lygg.  at  Ackermann's  Gallery.  loi  Strand. 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression),  A  stout  and  burly  woman  stands  at  a 
street-door  with  a  large  basket  of  buns.  A  young  woman  and  three 
children  buy ;  the  children  help  themselves,  the  woman  holds  a  plate  which 
she  fills  with  buns.  In  the  background  (1.)  is  a  Georgian  church  with  pedi- 
ment and  cupola ;  a  fat  parson  in  his  surplice  hurries  along  to  escape  from 
a  woman  and  two  children,  who  beg  from  him.  See  No,  9474. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  354. 
io|x8  in.   With  border,  13JX10I  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  134. 

9481  THE  VICAR'S  VISIT  RETURNED! 

Pleasures  of  the  Country.  Sketch  5 

Woodward  del. 

London  Pub.  by  W.  Holland,  N"  50,  Oxford  Street,  Dec\  4.  lygg 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  vicar  (1,)  sits  at  ease  in  his  arm- 
chair emitting  clouds  of  smoke  from  a  long  pipe.  His  visitor  regards  him 
quizzically  across  a  small  table  on  which  are  a  decanter  and  two  glasses. 
The  visitor's  wife  ( ?  or  her  hostess)  seated  at  a  piano,  sings  loudly,  as  do 
(apparently)  a  little  boy  and  girl  beside  her.  The  ( ?)  vicar's  lady  stands 
behind ;  she  holds  up  a  fan,  looking  sour  and  bored. 
7fXiof  in. 

9482-9487 

Prints  from  a  set  of  twelve  Countrey  Characters,  all  having  this  general 
title.  Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  13-14.  Two  others  are  reproduced,  A.  Simon, 
Bottlescrew  Days,  1926:  Vicar,  p.  68,  Exciseman,  p.  94. 

9482  PUBLICAN  No  I 
Woodward  DeV^  Etch'd  by  Rowlandson 
Pub^  by  R  Ackermann  loi  Strand                                             [i799] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  publican  and  a  rustic  young  squire 
sit  drinking  and  smoking  in  the  former's  parlour.  The  publican  says: 
Come  Squire  that  wont  do  that's  a  joe  Miller  I'm  sure  page  490.  On  the 
wall  are  four  prints  of  horses  and  their  riders  from  the  series  of  Horse 
Accomplishments,  by  Rowlandson  after  Woodward,  published  i  Aug,  1799 
(Grego,  i.  366):  An  Astronomer,  A  Land  [Measurer],  An  Arethmatician, 
A  Loiterer. 

Reproduced  A,  Simon,  op.  cit.,  p.  82. 
8f  x6|  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  24. 

9483  BARBER  No  3 
Woodward  Del  Etch'd  by  Rowlandson 
Pu¥  by  R.  Akernian  N'*  loi  Strand.  [i799] 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  lank  barber,  holding  his  customer  by 
the  nose  and  negligently  slicing  at  it  with  his  razor,  reads  from  The  London 
Gazette-which  his  victim  holds:  They  write  from  Amsterdam  (cf.  No.  9412). 
The  enraged  customer  shouts  Halloh!  you  Sir — what  are  you  about?  are  you 
going  to  cut  my  nose  off. 

8|X7  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  25. 

596 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1799 

9483  A  A  copy,  Woodward  del.,  is  part  of  Taf.  XII  to  London  und  Paris, 
xxii,  1808.  The  other  part  (1.)  is  Vicar,  No.  7  of  the  same  series. 

6^  X  4^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9484  FOOTMAN  No  4 
Woodward  Del.  Etched  by  Rowlandson. 
Pu¥  Au^  30.  ijgg  by  R.  Akermann  N  loi  Strand, 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  foppish  footman  (i.)  wearing  a  cut- 
away Hvery  coat  with  pantaloons,  bunch  of  seals,  and  other  fashionable 
trappings,  holds  a  nosegay,  admiring  himself  in  a  wall-mirror:  This  I  think 
will  strike  the  Female  Villager,  the  dear  smiling  rogues  will  never  be  able  to 
resist  the  little  Jenny  Seequy  of  my  dress  and  manners.  An  ape  on  a  chain 
(r.)  seems  to  imitate  his  pose.  Two  country  servants  (r.)  gaze  angrily  at 
him:  a  footman  (r.)  says:  Nan  did'st  ever  see  such  a  conceited  Monkey! 
old  Jack  the  Baboon  is  a  fool  to  urn!!  She  says :  The  house  will  be  turned 
topsy  turvy  by  these  Lunneners. 
^x6\l  in. 

9484  A  A  copy  (coloured),  is  part  (r.)  of  Taf.  XVII  to  London  und  Paris , 
xxii,  1808.  See  No.  9485  A. 

6/g  X  4i  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9485  STEWARD  No  10 
Woodward  Del.  Etched  by  Rowlandson. 
Publ^  Sepf  10.  1799.  by  R  Akermann  N  loi  Strand 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  steward,  in  night-cap  and  slippers, 
sits  (1.)  in  his  office,  looking  up  with  stern  suspicion  at  a  yokel  in  a  long 
smock  who  scratches  his  head,  saying.  Donna  look  so  Glum  your  Honor — 
/  would  pay  my  Rent  un  I  could  but  consider  what  a  Nation  bad  hay  time  it 
has  been.  A  Survey  of  the  Estate,  books  (List  of  Tenan[ts])  are  on  the  wall ; 
writing-materials  on  a  small  table,  on  which  is  a  Rental. 
8|x6f  in. 

9485  A  A  copy  (coloured).  Woodward  del.,  is  part  (1.)  of  Taf.  XVII  to 
London  und  Paris,  xxii,  1808. 

6fg  X  4i  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9486  ATTORNEY  N"  11 
Woodward  Del.  Etched  by  Rowlandson 
Pu¥  Sept.  10  iy99  by  R.  Akerman  N°  loi  Strand 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  pert  lawyer  (1.),  pen  in  hand,  eagerly 
greets  a  stout  John  Bull,  saying.  Ah  my  old  Friend  I  am  very  happy  to  see 
you.  The  other,  from  whose  pocket  issues  a  law  suit,  answers:  Thee  mayst 
say  that  I  have  got  a  job  for  thee  in  my  Pocket  here.  A  clerk  in  the  back- 
ground grins  delightedly  behind  the  victim's  back. 
8Jx6iiin. 

9486  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  part  (r.)  of  Taf.  XIV  to  London  und  Paris, 

xxii,  1808.    The  other  part  is  Justice,  Woodward  del.,  No.  2  in  the  same 

series. 

6^X4^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

597 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9487  LONDON  OUTRIDER  OR  BROTHER  SADDLE  BAG  JV"  12 
Woodward  Del  Etched  by  Rowlandson 
Sept  10,  lygg  Pu¥  by  R.  Akerman  N°  loi  Strand— 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  bagman  or  commercial  traveller,  a 
foppish  'cit'  in  riding-dress,  holds  out  his  book  of  patterns  with  a  flourish 
to  a  stolid  country  draper  (1.),  saying:  Fine  Choice  of  Patterns  Sir  all  the 
Rage  in  Tozon  I  hope  you  zoill  give  me  an  Order.  The  shopkeeper  answers : 
Yes  I'll  give  thee  an  Order  and  that  is  to  March  out  of  my  Shop  for  I  dont 
like  the  looks  O'thee.  A  counter  with  a  shopman  (r.)  rolling  up  material, 
bales  of  cloth  on  shelves,  and  two  dogs,  complete  the  design. 
8^x6f  in. 

9488  BORDERS  FOR  ROOMS  &  SCREENS  N"  7 
Woodward  Delin  Etched  by  Rowlandson 
London  Pub  10  May  lygg  at  R  Ackermann's  loi  Strand^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  strips  arranged  horizontally, 
intended  to  be  cut  and  arranged  as  a  border.  One  of  24  sheets  according 
to  Grego.  A  succession  of  little  scenes,  with  the  words  of  the  speakers 
etched  above.  The  figures  are  grotesque,  with  large  heads.  The  subjects 
depicted  are :  driving  (two  would-be  fashionables),  encounter  with  a  high- 
wayman, ploughing,  billiards,  fishing,  rowing,  a  bargee,  a  mail-coach,  a 
mounted  post-boy,  riding,  and  (again)  driving.  See  Nos.  9489-9492, 
9689-9692,  and  cf.  No.  9635,  &c. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  364. 
I2f  X  i8|-  in.  Width  of  strip  (with  plain  quarter-inch  borders),  41^5  in. 

'Caricatures',  ix.  166. 

9489  BORDERS  FOR  ROOMS  &  HALLS.  No  8 
Woodward  inv  Etched  by  Rowlandson 
Pu¥  June  20^^  1799  ^JV  Akermann  N  loi  Strand 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  strips  arranged  horizontally  as 
in  No.  9488.  The  subjects  (with  inscriptions)  are  a  'round-about'  or 
primitive  merry-go-round,  a  couple  in  a  Tax'd  Cart,  a  newsboy  crying 
The  Second  Edition,  street  musicians  with  hurdy-gurdy,  tambourine,  and 
triangle,  a  Punch  and  Judy  show,  parson  and  clerk,  a  couple  on  a  horse, 
a  man  selling  garters.  Long,  and  strong  Scarlet  Garters  a  penny  a  pair,  a  man 
with  a  performing  bear  and  dancing  dogs,  a  town  crier,  a  pugilistic 
encounter. 
i2f  X  i8|  in.  Width  of  strip  (with  plain  quarter-inch  border),  4^  in. 

'Caricatures',  ix.  168. 

9490  [BORDERS.] 

Woodward  del.]  Etch'd  by  Rowlandson 

Pub  Aug  1 1799  by  R.  Ackermann  loi  Strand^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  strips  vertically  arranged  (the 
third  having  been  cut  off  to  accommodate  the  page).  On  each  are  four 
scenes  vertically  placed,  similar  in  character  to  No.  9488,  &c.,  but  not  all 
the  groups  have  grotesque  figures,  four  being  realistically  drawn.  Inscrip- 

'  Republished  20  May  and  i  Aug.    Grego,  op.  et  loc.  cit. 
^  Signature  and  imprint  on  each  strip. 

598 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES   1799 

tions  above  the  figures.  The  subjects  are  ladies  disputing  for  precedence, 
an  introduction  at  a  dance,  a  woman  bullying  a  man,  a  foppish  clerk 
followed  by  two  girls,  a  cobbler,  a  lady  playing  the  harp  to  a  military 
admirer,  a  grotesque  pair  of  lovers,  a  ballad-singer  in  the  rain. 
17!  x8|-  in.   Width  of  strip  c.  4J  in.  (with  plain  quarter-inch  border). 

'Caricatures',  ix.  167. 

9491  [BORDERS.] 

Woodward  del.  Etchd'  by  Rowlandson 

Pub  Aug  I.  1799  by  R.  Ackermann  loi  Strand 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  strips  arranged  vertically  as  in 
No.  9490.  Each  has  four  scenes,  three  being  realistically  drawn,  the  others 
grotesque.  Subjects  include :  Hence  Loathed  Melancholy  (man  addressing 
a  weeping  woman) ;  a  naval  officer  following  a  woman ;  Shepherds  I  have 
lost  my  waist  .  .  .  (see  No.  8569);  Othello  and  Desdemona. 
Two  strips  (cut)  17IX4I  in.  (with  border).  'Caricatures',  ix.  169. 

9492  [?  PORTIONS  OF  A  BORDER]  [?  1799] 

[Woodward  del.   Rowlandson  f.] 

Two  designs  (coloured),  similar  in  character  to  parts  of  No.  9488,  &c., 
perhaps  cut  from  a  border: 

A  night  watchman  shouting:  Master  your  House  is  on  Fire.  A  man  puts 
his  night-capped  head  from  the  window  of  a  blazing  house  to  say:  Dont 
make  such  a  bawling  fellow — /  am  only  a  Lodger. 

A  Lilliputian  pair  (see  No.  9635,  &c.):  a  woman  leads  a  man,  holding 
his  cloak.  Inscribed:  Tis  Woman  that  seduces  all  mankind. 
4i  X  3I  in. ;  3I X  3f  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  24,  25. 

9493  THE  SLAVE  MERCHANT. 
J  Cawse  inv^  et  fecit 

Pu¥  Nov^  24.  1799.  by  S.W.  Fores  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for 
the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).   An  ugly  Oriental  displays  to  a  fat  and 
hideous  Turk  (r.)  a  naked  and  beautiful  white  woman  who  stands  in  profile 
to  the  r.,  looking  down.   Two  turbaned  men  stand  with  downcast  eyes  in 
the  background.  Heavy  drapery  fills  the  upper  part  of  the  design. 
II  x8f  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  202. 

9494-9502 
From  series  of  'Drolls' 

9494  DRINK  TO  ME  ONLY  WITH  THINE  EYES.     224 
[?I.  Cruikshank.] 

Published  ^'*  Jan^  1799,  by  Laurie   <Sf  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 

London. 
Engraving.  A  middle-aged  couple  sit  with  their  backs  to  the  wall,  a  small 
table  between  them  on  which  is  a  decanter.   Each  holds  a  glass ;  he  grins 
at  her ;  she  grimaces  over  a  fan.    Eight  lines  of  the  song  by  Ben  Jonson 
are  engraved  beneath  the  design. 
6|X9|in. 

599 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9495  THE  ROAD  TO  RUIN.     226. 

[Published  i"*  Febv  1799,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle y  N°  53  Fleet  Street 

London. y 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  at  Bagnigge  Wells  tea-garden. 
A  young  man,  probably  an  apprentice,  in  fashionable  but  ill-fitting  dress, 
stands  smoking  between  two  prostitutes,  who  berate  him,  arms  akimbo.  In 
the  background  is  the  fountain,  water  spouting  from  a  swan  as  in  No.  4545 
(1776),  but  the  high  clipped  hedge  has  given  place  to  a  lawn  and  trees.  Be- 
hind is  an  alcove  with  two  men.  A  waiter  walks  off  (1.)  carrying  a  tea-kettle. 

For  London  tea-gardens  see  No.  8934.   For  Bagnigge  Wells  see  Nos. 

5090,  5955- 

9X7I  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  136. 

9496  A  COLD  SEASON.     227 
I.  Cruikshanks  delin^ 

[Pub :  Laurie  &  Whittle  1799] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  street  scene  in  snow.  A  cook's  boy 
has  fallen,  and  the  dishes  from  the  tray  on  his  head  (a  sucking-pig,  &c.) 
slide  to  the  ground.  A  man  with  skates  muffled  in  great-coat  and  two  ladies 
holding  muffs  to  their  faces  hasten  towards  the  spectator ;  others  hurry  along 
in  back  view.  The  nearest  house  is  a  Lottery  office,  a  man  comes  out  hold- 
ing a  ticket  5000  . .  .  Blank.  In  the  background  two  men  shovel  snow  from 
the  roof  of  a  high  house  onto  passers  by;  one  flees,  another  is  prostrate. 
7X9!  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  140. 

9497  TRUE  BLUE.     228 
[?I.  Cruikshank.] 

Published  4'*  April  1799,  by,  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N°  53,  Fleet  Street, 

London. 
Engraving.  Beneath  the  title :  The  Jolly  Tars  of  Old  England  or  all  alive 
at  Portsmouth.  A  coach.  True  Blue,  crowded  outside  and  inside  with  jovial 
sailors  and  pretty  young  women,  is  driven  by  a  negligent  sailor,  who  sits 
between  two  women.  The  horses  gallop  (1.  to  r.);  a  sailor  holding  up  a 
bottle  and  Union  Jack  sits  on  the  off  horse,  facing  the  tail.  A  sailor  stands 
on  the  roof  playing  a  fiddle. 
7|X9Jin. 

9498  NEHEMIAH'S  DISASTER— A  TALE.     229 

Published  9'*  April  1799.  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street,  London. 
Engraving.  A  woman  sits  up  in  bed,  holding  up  a  crying  infant.  Her  lank 
husband  stands  stiffly  beside  her  holding  an  infant's  commode  and  lighted 
taper.  Beneath,  the  incident  is  related  in  biblical  language:  And  behold 
about  the  ninth  hour  Tabitha  the  Wife  of  my  Bosom  awoke,  .  .  .  [&c.,  &c.]. 
6f  X  9  in. 

9499  FELLOW  SUFFERERS.     233. 

Published  12^^  July,  1799,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle  N"  53,  Fleet  Street 
Engraving.  Two  elderly  men  ('cits')  stand  submissively,  while  young  wives 
hold  large  antlers  to  their  foreheads.  One  (1.)  flourishes  her  husband's  wig. 

'  Imprint  from  uncoloured  plate  in  grangerized  copy  of  A  Sunday  Ramble 
(B.M.L.,  578-  i-  10). 

600 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1799 

Beneath  the  title:  "Very  unhappy,  but  it  can't  be  help't — "We  were  rather 
too  old  Brother,  before  we  married. — Vide  the  Progress  of  an  old  Bachelor. 
7X9iin. 

9500  RETIRED  FROM  BUSINESS     234 
[Pub:  Laurie  &  Whittle.  1799] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  citizen  wearing  hat  and  gloves, 
stands  just  outside  the  door  (r.)  of  his  country  house.  On  one  arm  is  his 
wife,  on  the  other  a  pretty  daughter;  neither  is  caricatured.  In  the  back- 
ground a  man  is  pushing  a  coach  towards  a  coach-house.    Beneath  the 

title:  Not  visit  me — got  Money  enough,  don't  care  a  F tfor  any  body. 

8|X7|  in.  'Caricatures',  ii.  126. 

9501  THE  DEAF  MOORLANDER.— AN  ORIGINAL  TALE.  N"  235. 
Published  24  Aug^^  ^799  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street  London. 
Engraving.  A  man  on  horseback  raises  his  whip  to  strike  a  frightened  old 
man  who  kneels  beside  a  post  (a  windmill  stock)  on  which  he  has  been 
working.  A  moorland  landscape  forms  a  background. 

The  printed  'tale'  beneath  the  design  relates  the  inept  answers  of  the 
deaf  man  which  provoke  the  traveller,  who  had  asked  the  way:   Vide 
Monthly  Mirror  for  January  1799. 
6^  X  9  in. 

9502  THE  DEVIL  REPROVING  SIN.  [?c.  1799] 
[?  Pub.  Laurie  and  Whittle.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  men,  fashionably  dressed,  to 
indicate  the  City  blood,  sit  smoking  and  drinking  in  one  of  the  boxes  of 
a  London  tea-garden  ( ?  White  Conduit  House).  A  waiter  (r.)  draws  a 
cork.  The  back  of  the  box  is  decorated  with  British  soldiers  with  a  Union 
Jack  chasing  French  soldiers  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet ;  in  the  background 
are  ships  in  action.  The  uniforms  are  those  of  the  French  wars  (1793- 
18 1 5).  In  the  background,  across  a  lawn,  are  two  other  boxes  containing 
tiny  figures.   Beneath  the  title : 

Quoth  George  to  John,  "tis  said  your  private  life 
"Is  bad,  you  don't  cohabit  with  your  Wife": 
"Thats  true"  says  John,  "the  fact  Vllnot  disown; 
"But  don't  you  live  zvith  one  that's  not  your  own?" 
In  grangerized  copy  of  A  Sunday  Ramble. 
6|X9i  in.  B.M.L.,  578.  i.  lo. 

9503  A  PARODY  UPON  THE  POEM  OF  ALONZO  THE  BRAVE 
AND  THE  FAIR  IMOGENE.' 

Eckstein. 

Published  4  June  1799,  by,  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N°  53,  Fleet  Street, 

London. 
Engraving.  Illustration  to  verses,  *  a  juvenile  attempt  at  poetry,  by  Charles 
Few',  printed  in  three  columns.  A  party  at  dinner  is  terrified  by  the  appear- 
ance of  a  ghost  appearing  through  the  split  wainscot,  accompanied  by 
flashes  of  light.  A  young  couple  stand  together.  The  verses  relate  that  the 

'  A  ballad  by  M.  G.  Lewis  in  The  Monk  (also  published  separately),  equally 
blood-curdling,  but  with  a  medieval  setting. 

60 1 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

girl  had  been  false  to  her  betrothed,  who  had  gone  to  India,  and  had 
ntiarried  in  his  absence.   He  returns  to  curse  and  destroy  her.   There  are 
other  blood-curdling  incidents. 
6f  X  9I  in.   Broadside,  18J  X  i  if  in. 

9504  THE    SWEATING    SICKNESS;    OR,    THE    IMAGINARY 
MALADY.   (A  bona  fide  fact.) 

[  ?  After  Nixon.] 

Published  2^  Dec''  lygg  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N"  55,  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving.  Illustration  to  verses  printed  below  in  four  columns.  Six  grin- 
ning 'cits'  stand  round  one  of  their  number  who  is  in  night-cap  and  waist- 
coat. Behind  is  a  curtained  bed.  The  verses  relate  a  trick  at  a  Sunday 
'dining  country  jaunt'  for  which  lavish  provisions  were  sent  to  the  Roe 
Buck  in  'the  Forest'.  The  Club  went  on  horseback,  butter  was  hidden  in 
the  lining  of  one  member's  hat;  he  was  induced  to  believe  that  he  had 
'sweating  sickness',  and  was  put  to  bed  instead  of  sharing  the  feast.  The 
subject  of  pi.  No.  10  to  The  Humourist,  by  G.  Cruikshank,  1819.  Reid, 
No.  799. 
6|x8|in.   Broadside,  i8|x  12  in. 

9505  AN  HIEROGLYPHIC  EPISTLE  FROM  A  (sailor)  ON  BOARD 
A  (ship)  (toe)  HIS  SWEET(heart) 

Printed  21'^  October,  1799,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  N"  53  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraved  letter  in  verse,  some  words  and  letters,  here  enclosed  in  brackets, 
represented  by  engraved  objects.   It  begins : 
Z)(ear)  Sally 

Tho'  toss'd  {hee)y  the  (wind)  on  the  Ma(eye)n  (Eye)  (Hope)  /  sh{zwl) 
See  thy  Z)(ear)  (face)  once  aga{eye)n 
and  ends: 

And  {hee)l{eye)eve  me  S{eye)nc{ear)ly  (eye)'w  (ewer)^ 

Tr(yew)e  (bee)/(yew)c 

For  other  hieroglyphic  letters  see  (e.g.)  No.  1551,  &c.,  attributed  to  the 
year  1710,  and  No.  5079  (1772).  See  also  Vol.  iv,  p.  Ixx. 
14XC.  9  in.  (pi.). 

9506  AN  HIEROGLYPHIC  ANSWER  (toe)  THE  (sailor)S  (letter) 
A  similar  letter,  with  the  same  imprint,  beginning: 

(Deer)  {hee)illy 
14XC.  9  in.  (pi.). 


602 


i8oo 
POLITICAL  SATIRES 

9507  THE  MODERN  GULLIVER  REMOVING  THE  P— RL— T  OF 
LILLIPUT 

[?L  Cruikshank.] 

London  Pub  by  J  Aitkin  Castle  Street  Jan^y  1800 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  in  profile  to  the  r.  and  stripped  to 
the  waist,  carries  on  a  porter's  knot  a  solid  block  with  the  fafade  of  two 
adjacent  town  houses :  House  of  Lords  House  of  Commons.  He  steps  across 
the  sea  from  Dublin  (1.)  to  the  English  coast,  where  the  tiny  figure  of 
Dundas  capers  encouragingly  and  says :  That 's  your  Sort  Billy  [cf .  No. 
8073]  Push  on  Keep  Moving  [cf.  No.  9010].  On  the  extreme  r.  is  London, 
St.  Paul's  being  indicated.  Pitt,  his  shoulders  bowed,  says:  This  Load 
begins  to  feel  very  heavy  I  am  affraid  I  cannot  get  to  Westminster  at  the  time 
I  expected — Egad  it  makes  me  Sweat — However  I  am  too  far  gone  to  retrack 
so  D  me  here  Goes  thro  thick  &  Thin  slap  Dash — Stand  to  no  Repairs. 
For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c.  The  last  session  of  the  Irish  Parlia- 
ment met  in  January  1800,  with  the  majority  for  the  Union  secured,  but 
with  Dublin  and  the  Orange  lodges  hostile. 
I2|x8|  in. 

9508  JOHN  BULLS  WATCHMAN  NEGLECTING  HIS  DUTY!!! 

[Cawse.] 

Publish^  by  S  W  Fores  Piccadjany  r^  1800 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  and  his  friends,  laden  with  money- 
bags, emerge  from  an  arched  doorway,  indicating  the  Treasury ;  they  look 
furtively  at  a  watchman's  box  (r.)  adjacent  to  the  arch,  in  which  sits  Fox, 
fast  asleep.  Pitt  has  a  sack  under  each  arm,  one  full  of  guineas  and  labelled 
1000,  the  other  labelled  Notes  (cf.  No.  8990);  next  him  (r.)  is  Dundas  in 
a  kilt,  with  a  similar  sack.  On  Pitt's  1.  is  a  small  man  with  lank  hair, 
wearing  a  ( ?  highwayman's)  mask  inscribed  RT,  probably  to  indicate  Rose 
of  the  Treasury^ ;  an  inscription  at  his  feet  has  been  erased.  Between  Pitt 
and  Dundas  is  the  head  of  Grenville,  not  furtive  like  the  others.  A  label, 
inscribed  Thives,  Thives,  M'  Bull,  floats  under  a  window  (1.)  from  which 
leans  John  Bull  in  a  nightcap,  saying,  Thank  you  my  Friend  there's  no 
danger  I  have  Chosen  an  Excellent  Watchman  to  guard  my  House  &  Property. 
Fox  (imitated  from  No.  9687)  holds  his  staff  in  muffled  hands ;  he  wears 
a  bonnet-rouge  with  tricolour  cockade.  Beside  him  is  his  lantern,  the 
candle  broken  and  guttering.  Against  his  door  (which  closes  the  lower 
part  of  his  box)  lies  a  mastiff  with  the  bloated  face  of  Sheridan,  muzzled ; 
his  collar  is  Pizarro  (see  No.  9396,  &c.),  his  muzzle  Court  Plaister.  Beside 
him  are  papers :  Thoughts  on  Secesion ;  Dick  Turncoat  [Sheridan,  see  No.  9409] 
a  New  Song;  Lacey^  Narrative!!!  On  the  door  are  placards:  The  Patriot 

'  So  identified  in  London  und  Paris,  v.  247,  where,  however,  he  is  incorrectly 
said  to  be  Master  of  the  Rolls  and  the  subject  of  No.  8868.  He  does  not  resemble 
earlier  caricatures  of  Rose. 

603 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

an  Old  Paper  NB  a  new  Edition  Wanted;  Hints  to  Country  Members  respect- 
ing their  Duty.  On  the  door  is  scrawled  State  of  y*  Poll  \  Fox  gygg  j 
Gardner  2073  \  Tooke  lygg. 

For  the  Government  as  plunderers,  cf.  No.  8654,  &c.  Fox  is  attacked 
for  his  secession,  see  No.  9018,  &c,,  Sheridan  for  his  supposed  bid  for 
Court  favour  in  Pizarro,  see  No.  9396,  &c.  The  votes  are  intended  for 
those  of  the  Westminster  Election,  see  No.  8813,  &c.,  but  are  incorrect, 
Fox's  majority  being  grossly  exaggerated,  see  No.  8815. 
io|xi4i^gin. 

9508  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  A^"  VIII  to  London  und  Paris,  v,  1800. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  242-50. 

6i  X  8|  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9509  THE  FRENCH  CONSULAR-TRIUMVERATE,  SETTL'ING 
THE  NEW  CONSTITUTION, 

y  Gillray  fed 

Publish' djany  i'^  1800,  by  H  Humphrey  2y.  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  title  continues:  zoith  a  Peep  at  the 
Constitutional-Pigeon-Holes  of  the  Abbe  Seiyes — in  the  Back  Ground.  Bona- 
parte (r.)  sits  at  a  small  table  writing  with  fierce  decision ;  the  second  and 
third  consuls  sit  facing  him,  biting  their  pens  in  pompous  indecision,  their 
papers  are  blank.  The  latter  wear  the  flamboyant  dress  of  the  Directors 
(see  No.  9199),  Cambaceres  (1.)  has  thick  gouty  legs.  Bonaparte  wears 
similar  dress,  but  with  a  more  fantastic  cocked  hat,  in  which,  besides 
enormous  feathers,  is  a  large  sheaf  of  olive-branches  tied  with  tricolour 
(symbol  of  his  overture  to  George  III,  see  No.  9512);  he  wears  jack-boots 
and  a  large  sabre  inscribed  Liberte.  He  writes  the  Nouvelle  \  Constitution  \ 
Grand  Consul  Buonaparte  \  Tout  en  Tout  Buonaparte  \  Bu  ,  .  .  Beside  him 
are  papers  docketed:  Constitution  pour  VAvenir:  Buonaparte  Grande 
Monarque  and  Confiscations.  On  the  ground  are  torn  papers :  Vielles  Con- 
stitutions; Droit  [de]  F Homme;  his  foot  rests  on  Constitution  of  lygj. 

Behind,  Sieyes,  a  lean  grotesque  savant,  holds  apart  with  both  hands, 
with  a  violence  that  suggests  impotence,  a  curtain  which  stretches  across 
the  design,  revealing  papers  in  pigeon-holes  inscribed:  Constitution  de 
Parade,  Constitution  du  Sang,  Constitution  de  Foutre,  Constitution  de 
Despotism,  Constitution  de  Vol[eurY\.  Above  them  is  a  model  of  a  guillo- 
tine. Above  the  curtain  is  a  festoon  of  tricolour,  inscribed  Vive  le  Con- 
stitution Une  et  Invisible,  centred  by  crossed  blunderbusses.  The  table- 
cloth is  looped  up  to  show  a  group  of  tiny  fire-lit  demons  forging  fetters. 
Beneath  the  design :  The  above  are  true  Likenesses  of  Cambaceres, — Le-Brun 
— the  Abbe  Seiyes,  and  Buonaparte,  drawn  at  Paris  Nov''  lygg.  All  are 
caricatured,  but  Bonaparte  less  than  the  others. 

After  chafing  at  delays  of  constitution-making  after  Brumaire  (see  No. 
9426,  &c.)  Bonaparte  on  13  Dec,  by  a  drawing-room  coup  d'etat,  secured 
the  signatures  of  the  Commissions  to  articles  selected  by  himself  as  First 
Consul,  Cambaceres  and  Lebrun  being  nominated  Second  and  Third 
Consuls,  over-riding  the  tentative  proposals  of  Sieyes,  who  was  relegated 
to  the  background  as  the  first  on  the  list  of  future  senators.  Camb.  Mod. 
Hist.  ix.  3ff. ;  Rose,  Napoleon,  1934,  i.  228  ff.  A  passage  from  Burke's 
Letter  to  a  Noble  Lord  (see  No.  8788)  is  illustrated:  'Abbe  Sieyes  has  whole 
nests  of  pigeon-holes  full  of  constitutions  ready  made,  ticketed,  sorted, 

604 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1800 

and  numbered;  suited  to  every  season  and  every  fancy.'  The  second  and 
third  consuls,  by  their  heavy  clumsiness  and  awkward  manners,  were 
excellent  foils  to  Bonaparte;  see  Trotter,  Memoirs  of  Fox,  18 ii,  p.  266. 
See  No.  9534.   For  other  anticipations  of  the  Empire  see  No.  9433,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  266,  267  (reproduction).  Wright  and  Evans,  No. 
250.  Broadley,  Napoleon,  i.  132.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Reproduced, 
Maurice  and  Cooper,  p.  10;  Grand-Carteret,  Napoleon  en  images,  1895, 

P-59- 
i3X9im. 


9510  GERMAN  LUXURY,— OR— REPOS  A  L'ALLEMANDE. 
[Gillray.] 

Publish' d  Jati^  22*^  1800.  by  H.  Humphrey,  27,  S*  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  German  officer  lies  on  his  back  on  a 
truckle  bed  in  a  poverty-stricken  room.  He  smokes  a  long  curved  pipe, 
emitting  clouds  of  smoke.  His  bare  feet  project  from  the  striped  duvet 
which  is  his  only  covering;  on  his  nightcap  is  an  insect.  The  plaster  has 
fallen  from  the  wall  leaving  large  patches  of  brick ;  on  it  hang  his  sword, 
cloak,  cocked  hat,  and  a  bust  portrait  of  Frederick  the  Great  inscribed 
F.  II.  The  only  objects  on  the  boarded  floor  are  a  close-stool  (1.)  with  a 
torn  Brussells  Gazette,  a  chamber-pot,  and  pair  of  jack-boots  (r.). 

The  print  is  said  to  relate  to  the  arrival  of  the  German  Legion  in 
England — perhaps  the  corps  of  cavalry  called  the  York  Hussars,  composed 
of  German  deserters  from  all  countries.  W.  H.  Fremantle  wrote  to 
Buckingham,  15  July  1800:  'They  are  fine  men,  but  ill-mounted,  and  in 
my  opinion  a  bad  description.  ...  It  is  the  fashion,  however,  to  admire 
them  much.*  Courts  and  Cabinets  of  George  III,  iii.  88.  The  subject  of 
the  enlisting  and  hiring  of  foreign  troops  is  obscure.  Cf.  Fortescue,  History 
of  the  British  Army,  iv.  2,  p.  895.  The  King's  German  Legion  originated 
in  the  King's  German  Regiment,  not  formed  till  Dec.  1803.  Ibid.  v.  279. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  271-2.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  444.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
7f  X  lof  in.   With  border,  9^x  i2|  in. 

9511  THE  GHOST  OF  S^  STEPHEN'S  OR  THE  STRANGER  AT 
HOME! 

Woodward  del.   Cawse  [in  reversed  characters]. 

Pub^  Jan  2y,  1800,  by  Hixon,  355  Strand,  near  Exeter-change. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  scene  in  the  House  of  Commons,  the 
two  front  benches  in  close  proximity.  Fox  (r.)  sits  stolidly  on  one,  clutching 
a  bulky  document  inscribed  Perseverance.  He  looks  sternly  at  Pitt,  who 
stands  opposite  him,  his  hair  rising  in  terror ;  he  drops  a  document.  Union, 
and  exclaims  Angels  and  Ministers  of  Grace  defend  us!!  Behind  Pitt  are 
three  persons,  only  one,  Dundas  in  tartan,  being  characterized;  they  are 
dismayed.  Burdett  and  Sheridan  sit  behind  Fox,  the  former  pleased,  the 
latter  less  so,  an  indication  of  Sheridan's  supposed  jealousy  of  Fox  (cf. 
No.  7497).  In  the  background  the  astonished  Speaker  and  other  members 
are  freely  indicated. 

Fox  did  not  return  to  Parliament  (see  No.  9018,  &c.)  during  January, 

605 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

nor  was  there  a  debate  on  the  Union  (see  No.  9284,  &c.).  For  his  attitude 
to  it  see  No.  9434.    He  did,  however,  return  for  the  debate  (3  Feb.)  on 
the  peace  overtures  from  France. 
9Xi3|in. 

9511  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N°  VII.  to  London  und  Paris,  v,  1800. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  235-41.  It  is  pointed  out  that  Pitt  is  in  the  pose  of 
Garrick  as  Hamlet,  when  seeing  the  ghost,  familiar  from  prints  in  London 
print-shops. 

6\  X  ^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9512  THE  GRAND-CONSUL  OF  THE  GREAT  NATION ! ! !  PERUS- 
ING JOHN  BULLS  DISPATCHES!!! 

y^  Cawse  fecit 

Publis¥  jfany  30*^—1800  by  S  W  Fores  Piccaddilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bonaparte  stands,  legs  apart,  reading 
with  concern  a  paper  which  a  ragged  French  post-boy  (1.)  has  just  handed 
to  him.  His  large  cocked  hat  is  surmounted  by  many  ostrich  feathers;  the 
second  and  third  consuls  (see  No.  9509)  try  to  read  over  his  shoulder,  with 
expressions  of  dismay.  The  'Dispatches' :  Mounseer — Beau.  Naperty  I  read 
your  Parly  Vouse  &  have  only  to  say  I  was  not  born  yesterDay,  take  that 
as  you  Like  it,  I  am  not  easily  humm'd, — Look  before  you  Leap  is  a  Good 
old  Proverb,  take  two  bites  at  a  Cherry,  old  Birds  are  not  Easily  Caught  by 
Chaff,  Yours  as  you  Behave  yourself — Bull.  Bonaparte,  alarmed,  has 
dropped  a  paper:  The  Conquest  of  y^  Chouans  an  Old  Song  to  a  New  tune. 

Bonaparte's  letter  to  George  III  proposing  peace  was  received  on  31  Dec. 
1799 ;  it  was  haughtily  and  scornfully  answered  by  Grenville  to  Talleyrand, 
thereby  playing  into  the  First  Consul's  hands  and  alienating  England's 
allies ;  this  is  considered  the  gravest  defect  of  Pitt's  diplomatic  career.  Rose, 
Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  191 1,  p.  568.  On  22  Jan.  the  papers,  with  the 
King's  Message,  were  laid  before  Parliament,  and  debated  28  Jan.  in  the 
Lords,  3  Feb.  in  the  Commons.  Ann.  Reg.,  1800,  pp.  54  ff.  Rose,  Napoleon, 
1934,  i.  240  ff.  See  Nos.  9509,  9522,  and  cf.  No.  9556-,  articles  by  Cole- 
ridge in  the  Morning  Post,  3  and  30  Jan.,  6,  28  Feb.,  reprinted  in  Essays 
on  his  own  Times,  1850,  ii.  348,  &c. ;  H.  C.  Deutsch,  Genesis  of  Napoleonic 
Imperialism,  1938,  p.  6. 

General  Brune  was  sent  in  January  to  the  west  with  an  army  of 
60,000  men  against  the  Chouans;  the  leaders  surrendered  (Cadoudal  on 
14  Feb.)  and  organized  Chouannerie  was  at  an  end. 

Broadley,  Napoleon,  i.  133  (reproduction). 
i2|X9i  in. 

9513  DESIGN  FOR  THE  NAVAL  PILLAR. 
J^  Gillray,  inv^  &  fecit: 

Pu¥  Feby  I'*  1800,  by  H.  Humphrey,  2y,  St.  James's  Street. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  tall  pillar,  supporting  an  allegorical 
design  of  Britannia  and  covered  with  figures  and  objects  in  high  relief, 
stands  upon  a  rock  in  a  stormy  sea,  waves  dashing  against  it.  The  square 
base  is  supported  by  figures  oi  Fortitude,  with  a  lion,  her  1.  hand  on  a  broken 
pillar,  and  Justice,  with  an  ostrich,  her  scales  not  balanced.  Between  them 
is  inscribed :  To  Perpetuate  the  Destruction  of  the  Regicide  Navy  of  France, 

606 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1800 

and  the  Triumph  of  the  British  Flag.  It  rests  on  two  slabs  of  stones  inscribed 
with  the  names  of  admirals:  (below)  Howe,  Parker,  Nelson,  S^  Vincent^ 
Bridport;  (above)  Duncan,  Gardiner,  Keith,  Hood. 

On  the  summit  tritons  blowing  horns  support  a  shell  in  which  stands 
Britannia  with  shield  and  trident.  In  her  r.  hand  stands  a  tiny  figure  of 
Victory.  Beside  her  an  angry  lion  grasps  a  globe  showing  the  British  Isles 
and  le  Mer.  The  capital  of  the  pillar  is  formed  by  the  feathers  in  the  hats 
of  republican  soldiers  who  dangle  from  it,  still  holding  blood-stained 
daggers.  Other  objects  on  the  pillar  are  a  sailor  wearing  wooden  shoes, 
broken  weapons  and  nautical  instruments,  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Egalite 
with  a  broken  shaft,  a  small  decapitated  figure  of  Libertas,  holding  up  a 
bonnet-rouge.  On  the  horizon  (1.)  is  a  fort ;  above  are  dark  clouds  from  which 
issue  many  flashes  of  lightning.  Above  the  design : 
Britannia  Victorious. 

"Nought  shall  Her  Columns  stately  pride  deface; 

"The  Storm  plays  harmless  round  the  marble  base, 

"In  vain  the  Tempest,  and  in  vain  the  blast, 

"The  Trident  is  confirmed: — 

Adapted,  from  "The  Pursuits  of 
Literature" ,  see,  Dia^  4*''  &  the  Note.^ 
A  committee  was  formed  in  1799,  headed  by  the  Duke  of  Clarence,  for 
raising  a  'naval  pillar  or  monument',  and  artists  were  invited  to  send  in 
plans.  Controversy  raged  between  Flaxman,  who  proposed  in  a  pamphlet 
a  colossal  statue  of  Britannia  on  Richmond  Hill,  and  Dufour,  an  architect 
who  pleaded  for  'a  Monument  of  Architecture'  (B.M.L.,  559*.  c.  23/4,  4*). 
A  musical  entertainment  by  the  younger  Dibdin,  The  Naval  Pillar,  or 
Britannia  Triumphant,  was  performed  at  Covent  Garden  on  7  Oct.;  a 
pillar  was  displayed,  with  the  names  of  admirals,  and  Britannia  was 
enthroned  under  an  irradiated  representation  of  Howe.  Lond.  Chron., 
8  Oct.  1799.  Gillray's  design  suggests  satire  on  the  grandiose  and  self- 
interested  schemes  of  rival  artists,  and  though  its  general  character  is 
patriotic,  there  is  irony  in  the  attributes  of  Justice.  For  the  admirals  and 
their  victories  cf.  No.  9257,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  269.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  251.  Reprinted,  G.W.G,, 
1830. 
i9^Xiii  in. 

9514  WAYS  &  MEANS  OR  VOX  POPULI!!  [i  Feb.  1800] 

WS.  1800 

Engraving,  PI.  to  the  Hibernian  Magazine,  1800,  p.  4.  Cornwallis,  the 
Viceroy,  in  uniform,  stands  hat  in  hand,  while  signatures  are  sought  to 
an  address  in  favour  of  the  Union.  On  the  extreme  1.  a  town-crier  rings 
his  bell,  shouting:  Hear  ye!  Hear  ye!  Wanted  immediately,  a  few  Hundred 
persons  of  any  Description,  to  sign  for  a  Union  2*.  2^  a  head  for  those  who  can 
write  &  J.*  i^  for  those  who  can  Scratch  their  mark — God  save  the  King  & 
his  Majesty's  subjects  of  west  Britain,  that  is  to  be — !!!   Cornwallis  says : 

*  — the  passing  God, 

That  shook  old  Ocean's  empire  ?  from  beneath 
Strange  threat 'ning  notes  in  hollow  murmurs  breathe 
Hoarse  through  the  deafen'd  shrouds!   But  hush'd  the  blast, 
The  Trident  is  confirm'd :  the  dream  is  past. 

Lines  written  (prophetically)  in  May  1797  during  the  naval  mutiny  (note  by 

author,  T.  J.  Mathias). 

607 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

this  great  object  accomplished  by_  an^  means,  I  shall  then  retire  from  Public 
Business!!  A  dapper  parson  says  my  Lord  I've  been  long  troying  the  due 
Weight  of  the  Clergy  in  this  Diocese.  Beside  him  is  a  man  who  says  For 
Loyalty  they  now  almost  equal  Killarney  my  Lord!! —  The  addressers  (r.) 
are  vagabonds.  A  tatterdemalion  says :  We  hope  that  as  the  Grass  will  be 
growing  in  the  Streets,  your  Lordship  Will  make  the  Fodder  Cheap — For  past 
protections  we  are  thankfull,  heartily  convinced  of  your  policy  we  now  approach 
you,!  On  the  r.  is  a  prison.  Castlereagh,  with  a  paper  headed  Union 
between,  faces  it,  saying  /,  my  Lord  Marquis's  Chief  Steward  am  anxious  to 
Collect  the  sense  of  such  respectable  persons!  A  man  in  leg-irons  takes  the 
paper,  saying,  /  cant  write,  my  Lord,  but  i'll  put  my  mark.  Behind  him 
stands  the  turnkey,  and  at  his  feet  sits  a  crippled  beggar  in  a  bowl,  saying, 
Wont  you  let  me  sign  my  Lord. 

See  No.  9284,  &c.  In  Oct.  1799  Cornwallis  made  a  state  progress  in 
the  north  of  Ireland  during  which  he  received  many  addresses  in  favour 
of  Union.  The  Irish  parliament  met  on  5  Feb.,  the  debate  lasted  till  the 
following  day,  the  Resolutions  for  Union  were  accepted  by  158  to  115. 
The  opposition  to  the  Union  by  the  Hibernian  Magazine  was  almost  con- 
fined to  its  plates,  see  Nos.  9346,  9368,  9531. 
6iix8|  in,  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154.  ka. 

9515  THE  INSIDE  OF  A  SCHOOI^-OR  THE  FIRST  MEETING 
—AFTER  THE  HOLIDAYS;!!! 

Catose 

Publish^  Feb'y  f^  1800  by  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  school-room  repre- 
sents the  House  of  Commons.  On  one  side  (1.)  sits  Dundas  with  a  cane, 
at  the  other  Pitt  suavely  receiving  a  new  scholar.  In  the  centre  Fox,  wear- 
ing a  fool's  cap  inscribed  Truant,  stands  on  a  pile  of  papers  weeping ;  he 
holds  a  birch-rod  in  his  1.  hand.  The  papers :  Lists  of  Traitors,  Reports  of 
the  Secret  Committee,  Reports,  Reports,  Quiglys  Life,  L^  E.  Fitzgerald, 
O  Conners  Confession,  Death  &  Caract[er].  Pitt  says  to  the  boy  in  Court 
dress  who  faces  him :  You  are  a  New  Scholar.  I  Perceive,  be  a  Good  Boy 
&  you  shall  be  rewarded.  Say  after  me,  P-E-N-Pen  SI-si-Pensi-ON-on — 
Pension— thats  a  Good  Boy!!!  The  answer  is:  P-E-N-Pen  .  .  .  [&c.].  Pitt 
holds  a  paper  Aye  No  Place  Pension. ;  on  his  desk  is  a  paper:  Plan  for  an 
Union.  From  his  pocket  issues  A  List  of  Secret  Traitors.  Two  bags  are 
under  his  stool :  Old  Wigs  for  Bad  Boys  and  (disgorging  guineas)  Candle 
Ends  Cheese  Pareings  &  Sugar  Plumbs  for  Good  Boys. 

Dundas,  in  tartan,  turns  threateningly  to  a  row  of  desks  inscribed  Forms 
for  Sulky  Boys,  where  Sheridan  and  Burdett  look  at  each  other  appre- 
hensively. He  says :  Haud  yere  Tongues,  Young  Gentlemen — or  Ye' II  never 
Thrive  i  the  World,  Good  Boys  Should  never  Say  any  thing  but  Aye,  or  NO! 

A  satire  on  the  return  of  Fox,  the  truant  (see  No.  9018,  &c.),  to  Parlia- 
ment for  the  debate  of  3  Feb.,  but  without  application  to  the  debate  itself 
(cf.  No.  9511).  For  Fox's  relations,  real  or  alleged,  with  Irish  rebels  see 
Nos.  9244,  9245,  &c. ;  for  the  Secret  Committee,  No.  9369.  Pitt's  words 
probably  relate  to  the  measures  taken  in  Ireland  for  passing  the  Union, 
see  No.  9284,  &c.  'Candle  ends  and  cheese  parings'  is  a  phrase  alleged  to 
have  been  used  by  Windham,  for  which  he  was  pilloried.  See  Windham 
Papers,  1913,  ii.  178,  and  No.  9038,  &c, 
9i^Xi5f  in. 

608 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   l8oo 

9516  LOW  COMEDIANS  AMUSING  THE  WISE  MEN  OF  THE 
EAST!! 

Pub^  Feb  g.  1800,  by  W.  Hixon,  13,  Bridges  Str*  Coi^  Garden. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  (r.),  seated  on  a  sack  in  profile  to 
the  1.,  plays  the  fiddle  while  Dundas  in  a  kilt,  holding  a  paper  inscribed 
Loans,  dances  a  Highland  fling.  Pitt  has  a  gouty  leg  and  an  anxious  ex- 
pression ;  Dundas  looks  down  complacently.  Behind  are  rows  of  amused 
Directors  ranged  in  front  of  the  recently  completed  pediment  of  the  East 
India  House  in  Leadenhall  Street.  On  one  of  the  columns  is  a  placard: 
Death  of  Tippoo.  Two  figures  in  the  pediment  are  freely  sketched :  a  man 
making  a  murderous  attack  on  a  prostrate  woman :  in  the  actual  pediment 
the  central  figure  was  a  man  standing  protectively  above  a  woman  with 
an  infant  (see  Malton's  aquatint). 

The  allegations  of  1791-2  that  reports  of  victories  over  Tipu  were 
false,  and  made  to  influence  the  price  of  stock,  see  No.  7928,  &c.,  are 
revived.  But  the  triumph  of  Mornington  was  so  complete  and  well  estab- 
lished that  the  motive  of  the  print  is  obscure.  Seringapatam  was  taken 
by  assault  on  4  Apr.  1799,  Tipu  being  killed  and  the  war  ended.  On 
4  Oct.  1799  votes  of  thanks  from  both  Houses  to  Mornington  and  other 
officers  were  unanimous. 
"nX98  in. 

9517  SLENDER  BILLY  &  HOPPING  HARRY  TRYING  TO  BRING 
A  WILD  IRISH  BULL  TO  WESTMINSTER  TO  BE  BAITED  BY 
ENGLISH  BULL  DOGS. 

Pu¥  Feb.  12.  1800  by  W.  Hixon  N"  13  Bridges  Str*  Co-vi  Garden. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  snorting  bull  (1.)  stands  firmly  on  the 
edge  of  a  narrow  channel ;  Pitt  on  the  opposite  side  holds  out  a  heavy  noose 
inscribed  Union  which  he  is  about  to  throw  over  the  beast's  head.  The 
other  end  of  the  rope  is  held  by  Dundas,  who  wears  a  Scots  bonnet  and 
plaid.  The  rope  is  inscribed  Tax  on  Potatoes — Tax  on  Whisky — on  Brogs — 
Tax — Ta-Tax-Tax.  The  bull  snorts  from  both  nostrils  Eran  go  Brah. 
Pitt  says:  "Gently-Paddy-Gently,  dont  look  so  furious,  it's  all  for  your  good 
depend  upon  it — only  let  me  throw  this  small  cord  over  your  Horns  that  I  may 
lead  you  to  your  Brother  Johny,  where  you  &  he  will  live  in  Clover.'* — Aside 
**yes  faith  &  you  shall  get  as  fat  as  a  whipping  Post — if  once  I  lay  my  Clutches 
on  you  ril  bring  that  high  spirit  of  yours  down  till  you  kneel  on  your  marrow 

Bones.  Dundas  says :  Take  care,  Billy  Take  care — for  he  look  D d  sulky 

— /  ha'  been  a  drover  this  mony  a  year  but  the  Deel  swell  me  Gif  e'er  I  saw 
sic  a  stirk  as  this,  a'  my  scots  Beasts  are  as  tame  as  Lam's  I  can  either  lead 
or  drive  them  Just  at  Pleasure. 

The  debate  on  5  Feb.  and  the  division  on  the  following  day  in  the  Irish 
parliament  were  decisive  in  the  matter  of  the  Union.    Reports  reached 
London  on  12  Feb.  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  p.  425.  Lond.  Chron., 
13  and  14  Feb.   See  No.  9284,  &c. 
8|xi2  in. 

9518  THE  MINISTERS. 

Engrav'd  &  Publishd  Feby  14.  1800.  by  J.  Luffman  Inner  Sweetings 
Alley,  Royal  Exchange.  Price  Six  Pence  Plain,  One  Shilling  Colour' d. 
Ent^  at  Stationers  Hall. 
Engraved  song  by  John  Luflfman  (tune,  Ally  Croker),  with  a  small  emblema- 
tical heading:  a  crown.  Corona  triumphalis,  enclosed  in  an  (inscribed) 

609  R  r 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Garter.   Across  it  is  a  scroll:  Liberty  and  Loyalty  surmounted  by  a  torn 
bonnet-rouge  inscribed  Defloccatm.  Windham,  Spencer,  Dundas,  Gren- 
ville,  and,  'chief  of  all',  Pitt  are  praised,  with  ^just  one  verse  for  Johnny 
Bull,  whom  some  have  calVd  a  Nincum,  Because  he  did  not  growl  and  roar, 
about  the  Tax  on  Income  (see  No.  9363,  &c.).   The  refrain  is: 
No  Ministers  e'er  took  such  pains,  from  despot  rule  to  save  ye 
Charles  Fox  &  North  were  barley  broth,  but  these  are  richest  gravy. 
6iiX4|in.  (pL). 

9519  THE  NEW  SPEAKER,  (I.E. :— THE  LAW-CHICK,)  BETWEEN 
THE  HAWKS  &  BUZZARDS. 

J^  Gillray,  inv^  ^  fed 

Pu¥  Feby  15^^  1800 — by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Michael  Angelo  Taylor,  wearing  the 
Speaker's  gown,  about  to  step  up  to  the  empty  Speaker's  Chair,  staggers 
back  in  alarm,  the  long  wig  falling  from  his  head.  From  nozzles  at  the 
ends  of  twisting  tubes  directed  against  him  from  both  sides  issue  jets 
inscribed  Hiss.  A  phalanx  of  hawks  on  the  Government  benches  threatens 
him  from  the  1.,  while  on  r.  and  nearer  bench  three  buzzards  do  the  same 
from  the  Opposition  side.  The  nearest  bird  has  the  bloated  and  inflamed 
features  of  Sheridan.  Below  the  title:  poor  little  Michee!—just  Mounting! 
— &  then  Funk'd  &  Frightened  out  of  all  his  Hopes". 

The  explanation  of  Wright  and  Evans  (accepted  by  W.  P.  Courtney  in 
the  D.N.B.)  is  that  the  print  relates  to  the  imiversal  expectation  (sic)  that 
Taylor  would  have  been  Speaker  in  1788  (i.e.  1789)  if  the  Whigs  had  taken 
office  under  the  Regency.  The  Opposition  candidate  for  the  Speakership 
was  Elliot,  not  Taylor,  see  Life  and  Letters  of  Sir  G.  Elliot,  i.  255  ff.,  321. 
In  1800  the  removal  of  Addington  seemed  unlikely.  The  print  clearly 
relates  to  a  squabble  between  Taylor  and  Sheridan  (not  in  Pari.  Hist.) 
during  the  debate  of  10  Feb.  on  the  latter's  motion  for  an  inquiry  into  the 
Helder  Expedition  (see  No.  9412,  &c.).  Sheridan,  offended  by  Taylor's 
speech  on  his  motion,  said  that  if  Ministers  should  be  removed  on  account 
of  the  failure  of  the  expedition  they  would  carry  Taylor  with  them,  ' — or 
perhaps  his  Hon.  Friend  would  stop  half  way,  and  stick  in  the  middle, 
should  any  alteration  take  place  in  the  Chair  (a  laugh)  which  he  (Mr. 
Sheridan)  would  not  wish  to  see,  when  he  considered  the  talents,  experience 
and  candour  with  which  that  important  situation  was  filled'.  Lond.  Chron., 
12  Feb.  1800.  The  acrimony  is  lessened  in  Sheridan's  Speeches,  18 16, 
v.  126.  The  point  was  the  unsuitability  of  Taylor  for  the  Chair. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  269.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  253.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
i2|X9iin. 

9520  JOHN  BULL  INTERRUPTED  AT  HIS  MOMENTS  OF  RE- 
FRESHING MEDITATION. 

Publish' d  Feb.  17. 1800  by  W.  Hixon  N"  13,  Bridges  Str*  Cov^  Garden. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bull  stands  in  his  study  warming  his 
coat-tails  at  a  blazing  fire,  his  wig  awry,  his  spectacles  on  his  forehead; 
he  looks  irritably  at  Pitt,  who  enters  deferentially  from  the  r.  Under  Pitt's 
arm  is  a  large  roll:  Taxes  for  the  Year  1800  Continued;  he  holds  the  end 
of  another  long  roll,  the  bulk  of  which  lies  coiled  on  the  floor:  A  Short 
Plan  of  the  manner  of  Taxation  for  1800  or  an  Abridgment  of  the  different 

610 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   180O 

Articles  containd  in  the  Budget.  Behind,  Dundas  approaches  carrying  on 
his  head  a  pile  inscribed  Taxes  \  Taxes  \  Taxes.  Pitt  says:  Just  took  the 
liberty  of  calling  to  request  a  little  small  trifle  more  which  you  cannot  Grudge 
when  you  consider  our  late  successes  and  our  happy  Expedition.  Bull  says : 
Zounds!  what  not  a  moments  rest  why  what  the  Devil  do  you  want  now  have 
you  no  Conscience  Why  you're  quite  a  Bore —  His  dog,  the  collar  inscribed 
John  Bull,  snarls  at  Pitt ;  two  cats  miaow. 

The  budget  was  moved  on  24  Feb.,  the  debate  was  uncontroversial, 
except  for  some  expressions  of  concern  at  proposed  measures  (not  stated) 
for  improving  the  collection  of  the  income  tax,  and  fears  that  the  tax  would 
be  'next  to  perpetual'.  Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  1516-19.  The  'failure  of  the 
Expedition  to  Holland'  had  been  debated  in  the  Commons  on  10  Feb. 
(see  No.  9519),  and  in  the  Lords  on  12  Feb.  Ibid.,  pp.  1397  ff.  See 
No.  9412,  &c.  For  the  Income  Tax  see  No.  9363,  &c. 
io|Xi6J  in. 

9521  THE    BEDFORDSHIRE    FARMER    UNLOADING    HIS— 
PRESENTS!!! 

[Cawse.] 

Published  Feby  2y  1800  by  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Duke  of  Bedford  (r.),  dressed  as  a 
wagoner  in  a  smock,  lifts  a  deer  out  of  a  wagon,  just  inside  a  gate  of  a  royal 
park,  indicated  by  a  crown  on  the  gate-post.  One  of  his  deer,  marked  with 
a  tricolour  cockade,  stands  facing  one  of  the  King's  deer,  branded  with  a 
crown.  The  head  of  a  third  (republican)  deer  is  seen  under  the  tilt  of  the 
wagon.  The  King  looks  from  a  window  (1.)  through  a  spy-glass,  saying, 
John — John — run  &  Shut  the  Gates  that  fellow  is  unloading  all  his  Deer  in 
the  Park!  Jacobins  to  a  man  III  be  bourid  for  them.  What — Tri  Coloured 
ribbands.  &  Cockades — Pretty  Work — Got  talking  to  one  of  mine  already — 
it  wont  do — turn  them  all  out — one  brazen  Bald-faced  fellow  like  that  would 
Corrupt  a  whole  Herd!!!  Beneath  the  King's  window  is  a  closed  door,  the 
knocker  in  the  form  of  a  head,  perhaps  intended  for  that  of  Pitt. 
9|Xi5|in. 

9522  THE  APPLES  AND  THE  HORSE-TURDS ;— OR— BUONA- 
PARTE AMONG  THE  GOLDEN  PIPPINS. 

J^  Gillray  inv:  &  fe(* 

Pu¥  Feby  24^  1808  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  winding  river  flows  (1.  to  r.)  towards 
a  hill  in  the  background  surmounted  by  a  temple  of  Fame.  In  the  fore- 
ground (1.)  is  a  Dunghill  of  Republican  Horse  Turds;  in  the  stream  float 
turds  from  the  dunghill,  while  farther  up  are  golden  apples,  crowned  and 
inscribed.  The  foremost  is  English-Pippin,  close  behind  are  Imperial- 
Pippin  and  Russian-Pippin;  they  are  followed  by  a  (turbaned)  Turkish- 
Pippin  and  a  small  Neapolitan  [Pippin].  From  a  mass  of  floating  dung 
emerges  the  profile  head  of  Bonaparte,  wearing  a  feathered  cocked  hat 
inscribed  First  Horse  Turd;  this  is  the  central  and  dominating  object  in 
the  river;  from  his  mouth  issues  a  large  label:  A  ha! par  mafoi — how  We 
Apples  Swim!  Lumps  of  dung  close  behind  him  are  inscribed  Second  Horse 
Turd  [Cambaceres],  Third  Horse  Turd  [Lebrun],  and  Seyes  [sic].  They  are 
followed  by  Massena,  Jourdan,  Talleyrand.  Bonaparte  swims  between 
Spanish-Pippin  and  Prussian-Pippin,  both  in  proximity  to  dung.   Behind 

611 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

him  float  Papal  P[ippin],  a  triple  crown,  and  Sardinian  [Pippin],  both  half 
submerged.  Under  water  are  submerged  (or  dead)  turds:  Robespierre, 
Marat,  Condorcet,  Roland. 

A  spreading  column  of  thick  smoke  arises  from  the  dunghill,  which  is 
composed  of  inscribed  fragments,  from  which  in  the  1.  foreground  tiny 
heads  emerge,  the  dominant  one  being  Fox,  who  says:  Caira!  Caira! — 
chacun  a  son  tour!  We  shall  all  Swim  in  our  turns;  next  him  is  Envy. 
Tierney,  the  second  head,  says:  Yes!  Yes! — none  of  Us  was  born  to  be 
Drowned.  The  others  are  Sheridan,  Nicholls,  Erskine,  and  (slightly  smaller) 
Burdett,  Derby,  Taylor.  Those  indicated  by  names  only  are:  Voltaire, 
Rosseau  [sic],  d'Alembert,  Godwin,  Price,  Priestley,  Holcroft,  {})  Darwin, 
close  to  (scarcely  legible)  Mo[ming\  Po[st],  Morn.  Chronicle,  Courier  [see 
No.  9194].  Larger  turds  are:  Atheism,  Falshood,  Regicide,  Egalite,  Dis- 
appointment, Beggary,  Poverty,  Plunder,  Paines  Rights  of  Man  [see  No. 
7867,  &c.].  Republican  Faith,  Theophilanthropy  [see  No,  9240],  Deceit 
[twice],  Lies,  Licentiousness,  Hypocrisy.  Beneath  the  title:  Explanation. — 
Some  Horse-Turds  being  washed  by  the  Current  from  a  neighbouring  Dung- 
hill, espied  a  number  of  fair  Apples  swimming  up  the  Stream,  when,  wishing 
to  be  thought  of  consequence,  the  Horse  Turds  would  every  Moment  be  bawling 
out, — "Lack  a  day,  how  We  Apples  swim! — See  Buonaparte's  Letter  to  his 
Majesty:  and  M*"  W — b — ds  remarks  upon  the  Correspondence  "between 
Crowned  Heads" — viz.  Kings  &  Horse  Turds. 

A  comprehensive  satire  on  the  European  situation,  the  foremost  apples 
being  the  powers  of  the  Second  Coalition,  and  on  revolutionary  doctrines 
(and  Opposition)  in  the  spirit  of  No.  9240,  but  with  special  application  to 
Bonaparte's  position  as  First  Consul  and  his  letter  to  George  III  proposing 
peace,  see  No.  9512.  This  personal  approach,  apart  from  the  question  of 
Bonaparte's  status,  was  contrary  to  diplomatic  practice.  In  the  debate  on 
the  peace  overtures  Whitbread  denounced  attacks  on  the  character  of  the 
First  Consul:  'This  person  thinks  proper  to  make  overtures  to  his  majesty; 
and  this  he  does  in  a  manner  agreeable  to  the  rights  of  civilized  nations, 
and  in  no  way  incompatible  with  that  respect  which  is  due  from  one 
crowned  head  to  another.  .  .  .  His  power,  however  attained,  if  once  con- 
solidated, must  be  respected,  as  well  as  the  most  legitimate.'  Pari.  Hist. 
xxxiv.  1255  (3  Feb.).  Cf.  No.  9433,  &c. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  267-8.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  296.    Broadley, 
i.    133-4.     Reprinted,    G.W.G.,    1830.     Reproduced,    Grand-Carteret, 
NapoUon  en  images,  1895,  p.  60. 
9|Xi4in. 

9523  BUONAPARTE  LEAVING  EGYPT. 
[Gillray.] 

Published  March  5'*  1800— by  H.  Humphrey,  N°  2y,  S^  James's  Street 
London 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Bonaparte  stands  on  the  sea-shore, 
about  to  embark  (on  23  Aug.  1799)  in  a  boat  (1.)  which  will  take  him  to 
a  ship  in  full  sail  (the  Muiron).  He  looks  with  a  sly  leer  to  the  r.,  where 
a  little  band  of  ragged  and  emaciated  French  soldiers  hurry  towards  him 
making  gestures  of  dismay.  He  wears  the  embroidered  fastened  coat  or 
tunic  with  a  sash  of  authentic  portraits,  without  a  hat ;  he  points  up  towards 
a  vision  in  the  sky  surrounded  by  massive  clouds  of  a  sceptre  and  imperial 
crown  superimposed  on  the  revolutionary  fasces  and  axe.    Above  the 

6l2 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1800 

general  flies  a  figure  of  Fame,  smiling  sardonically  and  pointing  down 
derisively.  Two  soldiers  in  cocked  hats  who  stand  in  the  boat  waiting  for 
Bonaparte  to  embark  greedily  hug  large  money-bags.  A  plank  slants  from 
the  boat  to  the  shore.  The  boat  has  a  figure-head  composed  of  two  heads 
facing  opposite  ways  wearing  a  single  coronet.  Behind  the  French  troops 
is  a  small  encampment  with  tricolour  tents  and  flags.  Behind  this  stretches 
a  vast  Turkish  camp  with  crescent  flags.  Beneath  the  title :  For  an  illustra- 
tion of  the  above,  see,  the  Intercepted  Letters  from  the  Republican  General 
Kleber,  to  the  French  Directory,  respecting  the  Courage,  Honor  &  Patriotic 
Views,  of — "the  Deserter  of  the  Army  of  Egypt". 

Another  batch  of  letters  (the  third)  from  Egypt  (see  No.  9355)  was 
intercepted  in  the  Mediterranean  and  published  by  order  of  the  Govern- 
ment (B.M.L.,  B.  502/2).  They  contained  Bonaparte's  instructions  to 
Kleber  on  liis  departure,  and  official  dispatches  from  Kleber  and  others 
to  the  Directory,  and  covered  the  period  from  23  Aug.  to  17  Sept.  1799. 
Kleber  wrote:  *.  .  .  Bonaparte  quitted  this  country  for  France  .  .  .  without 
saying  a  word  of  his  intention  to  any  person  whatever.  He  had  appointed 
me  to  meet  him  at  Rosetta  on  the  subsequent  day!'  (pp.  38-9).  General 
Dugua  wrote  to  Barras:  'I  confess  to  you  .  .  .  that  I  could  never  have 
believed  General  Bonaparte  would  have  abandoned  us  in  the  condition  in 
which  we  were;  without  money,  without  powder,  without  ball  .  .  .  more 
than  a  third  of  the  army  destroyed  by  the  plague,  the  dysentery,  by 
ophthalmia,  and  by  the  war;  that  which  remains  almost  naked,  and  the 
enemy  but  eight  days  march  from  usl'  (pp.  158-9).  The  publication  of  the 
letters  caused  a  great  sensation  (Lond.  Chron.,  17  Jan.).  The  introduction 
was  supposed  to  be  by  Canning,  the  notes  by  William  Giflford.  Lady 
Holland's  Journal,  ii.  42,  44.  For  the  desertion  of  the  army  see  No.  9534. 
For  Bonaparte  and  the  crown,  cf.  No.  9433,  &c. 

Wright  and  Evans,  No.  254.    Broadley,  i.  134.    Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Grand-Carteret,  Napoleon  en  images,  1895,  p.  61. 
i3fXio^in. 

9523  A  BUONAPARTE  LEAVING  EGYPT. 

J.  Gillray  ini^ 

A  copy  (coloured)  faces  p.  34  in  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray  (B.M.L.,  745. 

a.  6.).   'Caricatures',  v.  51. 

9j\  X  7  in.   With  border,  9I X  7I  in. 

9524  A  GAME  AT  SKITTLES! 

London  Pu¥  by  W.  Holland  50  Oxford  Street  March  16  1800 

Aquatint.  The  Ministry  are  represented  by  nine  skittles  on  a  board  (r.), 
with  heads,  only  those  of  Pitt,  who  is  taller  than  the  others,  and  Dundas 
being  characterized.  Fox  stands  in  the  foreground  taking  aim;  he  says: 
/  shall  never  be  able  to  knock  down  that  King  Pin.  Behind  him  stand  Burdett 
and  Sheridan ;  the  latter  says:  Knock  down,  the  Scotch  corner  pin,  and  you' II 
tip  all  nine.  Behind  and  on  the  extreme  1.  Bedford  stands  pensively. 

Perhaps  intended  to  suggest  the  weakness  of  the  Ministry,  with  the 
exception  of  Pitt,  and  its  vulnerability  through  the  unpopularity  and  grow- 
ing discredit  of  Dundas.  Grenville,  Portland,  Windham,  Spencer,  Canning 
are  probably  among  the  other  pins. 
8|xi3j|in. 

613 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9525  SMUGGLING  CORN  FROM  EGYPT!!! 
[  ?  Cawse.] 

Publis'd  March  i8^^  1800  by  W  &  J  Hixon  N  13  Bridges  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  and  Dundas  stand  together  on  the 
sea-shore  with  their  backs  to  the  sea,  addressing  John  Bull.  Pitt  holds 
behind  his  back  long  strings  attached  to  ships  in  full  sail,  which  are  also 
impelled  towards  him  by  a  blast  from  the  head  of  ( ?)  Bonaparte'  in  the 
clouds.  Bull,  a  countryman  in  a  smock  and  broad  hat,  clutching  a  heavy 
staff  in  both  hands,  says  with  a  dismayed  expression :  /  Zomehow  think  my 
Masters  if  we  were  to  ax  for  a  Little  Corn  they  would  Let  us  have  it.  Dundas 
answers :  Why  Johnny  you  might  as  well  Expect  to  find  Corn  on  the  Summit 
of  the  Mountains  of  Scotland.  Pitt  says :  They  have  Corn  how  Do  you  think 
they  Should  Come  by  it! — they  have  not  had  a  Good  harvest  these  Eight 
Years — Corn  indeed — why  all  the  People  are  at  this  moment  Starving  because 
you  have  Plenty  of  Every  thing  you  Fancy  every  Body  must  have  the  Same. 
A  satire  on  the  serious  shortage  of  corn  due  to  a  bad  harvest.  On 
6  March  the  Committee  of  the  Commons  on  the  scarcity  recommended 
a  bounty  to  encourage  the  importation  from  the  Mediterranean  and 
America  (where  prices  were  low  compared  with  those  in  Great  Britain). 
Pari.  Hist,  xxxiv.  1544-5.  See  No.  9545,  &c. 
8JgXi5|in. 

9526  THE  THREE  ORDERS  OF  S^  PETERSBURGH 
[?I.  Cniikshank.] 

Pub.  Mar.  18.  1800.  by  S.  W  Fores,  N"  50,  Piccadilly   Folio's  of 

Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Eve^ 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).    The  Tsar,  tall  and  well-made,  very 
different  from  No.  9415,  hurries  forward,  his  ribbon  and  coat-tails  flutter- 
ing.   He  wears  a  crown  inscribed  Disorder;  in  his  r.  hand  is  a  paper: 
Order,  in  his  1.  one  inscribed  Counter  Order. 

A  satire  on  the  uncertainty  as  to  the  intentions  of  Paul  I  in  relation  to 
the  Coalition  and  military  operations.  In  December,  exasperated  by  the 
failure  of  the  Anglo-Russian  attack  on  Holland  (after  the  miscarriage  of 
Suv6roff 's  campaign),  he  wrote  to  Vorontzoff  in  London  that  he  intended 
to  abandon  the  Coalition  and  recall  his  troops,  which  were,  however,  to 
be  left  in  their  present  quarters  for  possible  use  against  France  in  the 
spring.  Camb.  Hist,  of  Foreign  Policy,  i.  299.  The  movements  of  the 
Russian  army  under  Suv6roff,  and  uncertainties  as  to  the  orders  given  to 
it,  were  reported  in  the  English  press,  e.g.  Lond.  Chron.,  11  March.  See 
No.  9415.   Cf.  No.  9640. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs,  p.  252. 
i2f  x8|in. 

9527  OLD  HAT  OR  A  SERIOUS  DIVERTISMENT  AS  PERFORMD 
AT  THE  CHAPPEL  ROYAL!!! 

[Cawse.] 

Publish^  by  SW  Fores  N°  50  Piccadelly  March  25  1800 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    The  interior,  indicated  only,  of  the 

Chapel  Royal.    Two  constables  with  crowned  staves  stand  in  the  fore- 

'  This  seems  curiously  to  anticipate  Napoleon's  permission  of  the  export  of  corn 
to  England  during  the  dearth  of  1810  (believing  that  England  would  be  ruined  by 
the  export  of  bullion). 

614 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  180O 

ground  (1.);  one,  who  resembles  Townsend,  the  Bow  Street  officer,  shows 
the  other  a  tattered  hat  saying,  Dish^  by  Jupiter  not  worth  twopence ;  the 
other  answers:  a  very  Bad  Commodity  indeed.  A  smartly  dressed  man  (r.), 
his  finger  to  his  nose,  walks  off  to  the  r.  with  a  large  hat,  saying,  a  Fair 
Hoax  [of.  No.  9416] — however — Fm  off.  In  a  recess  or  pew  is  the  King 
watching  the  constables  through  a  spy-glass  and  saying:  Hae — Hae  what? 
What  Stole  his  Hat — Good  Joke  that — Bran  new  I  suppose — Left  Old  Hat 
in  Exchange — no  bad  thing  that — Like  Old  Hat  he  he  he!!!  Next  him  on 
the  1.  is  ( ?)  Lord  Salisbury  grinning,  and  on  the  r.  the  Queen.  There  are 
other  figures  and  in  the  background  (1.)  a  parson  in  a  high  desk  and  two 
choir-boys  singing. 
9X13!  in. 

9528  A  BOO  AT  COURT  OR  THE  HIGHLAND  SALUTE  FRbNT 
&REAR! 

Published  by  J.  Le  Petit  20  Capel  Street  Dublin  [25  Mar.  1800^] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  Highland  officer  wearing  a  kilt  much 
curtailed  at  the  back  bows  low  before  the  throne ;  Queen  Charlotte  is  seated 
next  George  III,  beside  the  dais  stands  Salisbury,  with  his  Chamberlain's 
gold  key  and  wand,  stooping  stiffly  forward,  his  forefinger  on  the  officer's 
head,  to  regulate  his  bow.  The  King  says:  Charley  Charley  keep  the  Girls 
in  front  Aye  Aye.  Salcy  Salcy  tell  him  when  he  comes  again  to  put  his 
Breeches  on.  Salisbury  says:  Not  quite  so  low  CoP!  you  are  worse  than  the 
Opera  Dancers  [see  No.  9297,  &c.].  Pitt  (1.)  peeps  over  the  back  of  the 
throne.  Two  young  Princesses  stand  next  Queen  Charlotte,  who  peers 
through  her  fan  (as  in  No.  8356).  The  other  courtiers  stand  (r.)  beside 
or  behind  the  Highlander;  the  women  gaze  at  him  pruriently,  through 
fingers,  fan,  or  spy-glass,  making  coarse  remarks. 

Though  published  in  Dublin,  and,  if  correctly  dated,  during  the  heats 
of  the  Union,  the  print  appears  to  have  no  political  significance  beyond 
ridicule  of  the  Court  and  of  Pitt. 
9|Xi3|in. 

9529  CARRYING  THE  UNION 

London  Pub^  by  William  Holland  50  Oxford  Street  March       1800 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt  and  Lord  Clare  carry  off  Erin  from 
Ireland  to  England  seated  on  the  British  lion  which  leaps  the  Irish  Sea 
and  is  about  to  land  on  a  grassy  cliff  inscribed  Holyhead.  Pitt,  dishevelled, 
has  the  reins  and  triumphantly  holds  out  his  sword.  Behind  him  sits  Erin, 
making  a  gesture  of  despair ;  Clare,  wearing  his  Chancellor's  wig  and  gown, 
holds  her  round  the  waist,  saying.  Push  on  my  dear  Boy,  here's  St  Patrick 
and  all  his  wild  Irish  Pat-riots  at  our  heels —  The  three  are  linked  by  a 
ribbon  inscribed  Union  Belt.  Erin  has  dropped  in  the  sea  her  harp,  a 
crown,  and  a  wreath  of  shamrock.  On  the  Irish  side  of  the  Channel  men 
riding  galloping  Irish  bulls  are  in  hot  pursuit.  St.  Patrick,  wearing  a  mitre 
and  holding  out  a  crown,  has  reached  the  coast.  Behind  are  five  men,  the 
foremost,  with  a  club  or  shillelah,  shouts  Oyou  terrible  Thief  zoith  the  sword 
to  run  away  zvith  our  Beauty  from  the  Lads  of  Shillelee!  A  fellow  without 
any  bottom  too!  Oh  murder!  murder!  ten  times  murder.  Next  is  the  Speaker, 

'  So  dated  by  E.  Hawkins. 
615 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Foster,  in  wig  and  gown,  holding  the  mace ;  he  says :  Poor  Girl  She'll  be 
nicly  [sic]  Foster'd  in  his  bosom  Och  hone  oh.  Grattan  follows,  holding  a 
club.  Two  others  appear,  like  the  first,  to  be  undifferentiated  Irishmen. 

For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c.  At  this  time  opponents  of  the  Union 
were  engaged  in  a  war  of  propaganda  in  newspapers  and  pamphlets. 
Life  and  Times  of  Grattan,  1846,  v.  72-3.  The  Orangemen  threatened  to 
use  force,  but  the  Catholics,  except  in  County  Dublin,  were  believed  to 
be  favourable.  The  division  in  the  Irish  Parliament  on  5-6  Feb.  was 
decisive.  Rose,  Pitt  and  the  Great  War,  p.  425.  For  Irishmen  riding  bulls 
and  led  by  St.  Patrick  cf.  No.  7518  (1789). 
io|X27|  in. 

9530  A  COOL  PIPE  IN  PALL  MALL!  SYMTOMS  OF  EQUALITY 

Pu¥  April  J,  1800,  by  S  W  Fores — 50  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Prince  of  Wales  (1.),  very  stout, 
and  a  servant  in  livery  and  powdered  hair,  but  wearing  boots,  sit  facing 
each  other  in  profile,  smoking  very  long  pipes.  Between  them  is  a  small 
table  with  a  paper  of  tobacco  and  a  frothing  tankard  inscribed  4^  (see 
No.  9430,  &c.).  Beside  each  is  a  spittoon.  On  the  wall  is  a  framed 
picture  of  a  horse,  inscribed  The  Royal  Present.  The  servant,  who  is  hand- 
some, says  reflectively:  Och  ye  Powers!! — Murtoch  Delany  Murtoch 
DelanyH — did  you  ever  think  you  would  arrive  at  this  Honor!  Beside  him 
is  a  box  of  long  tobacco-pipes  inscribed  From  Liverpool. 

Murtoch  Delany,  the  Irish  servant  in  Macready's  The  Irishman  in 
London  (1793),  was  a  part  of  'Irish  Johnstone'.  The  scene  depicted  has  no 
connexion  with  the  play.^  Perhaps  the  Irishman  is  MacMahon,  said  to 
have  been  a  servant  before  he  entered  the  Prince's  service.  The  identifica- 
tion is  not  unlikely,  judging  from  Lawrence's  (full-face)  portrait,  though 
in  later  caricatures  MacMahon  is  wizened  and  ugly. 
8|xi3|in. 

953 1  MARRIAGE  AGAINST  INCLINATION,  A  STEP  TO  SEPARA- 
TION, [i  Apr.  1800] 

Engraving.  PL  to  the  Hibernian  Magazine,  1800,  p.  140.  The  marriage 
takes  place  in  a  rotunda,  evidently  the  Irish  House  of  Commons.  John 
Bull,  hideous,  bloated,  and  out  at  elbows,  holds  a  hand  towards  Erin,  a 
tall  helmeted  figure  resembling  Britannia.  He  says :  Stop  Dame  Erin  foolish 
prude  Prithee  be  not  quite  so  rude  be  quick — consent — Indipendence  fling  or 
else  more  troops — there  hungry  sing.  A  bishop  says  If  any  know  just  cause . .  . 
[&c.]  let  them  hold  their  tongue.  Erin,  with  a  gesture  of  disgust,  asks :  is  this 
the  return  merited  for  the  constant  loyalty  of  my  children  [cf.  No.  9228,  &c.] — 
by  thus  forcing  my  hand,  you  forfeit  all  claim  to  my  heart.  She  stands 
between  Castlereagh  and  Clare  (r.)  in  his  Chancellor's  wig  and  gown.  The 
former  says  I  give  her  away  by  distributing  the  loaves  &  fishes  at  the  Cos — tell 
was  not  much  [?]  relished — I  have  however  secured  a  birth  in  the  fresh  batch 
now  to  be  sent  to  the  Upper  Imperial  Oven.  Clare  says :  Look  at  the  Map! 
you  must  be  Connected  here  by  rivalling  your  affection  in  time,  you  are  secured 
from  the  wooing  of  the  Corsican  Adventurer.  Cornwallis  stands  behind  Clare 
threatening  with  his  sabre  a  group  of  opponents  (r.);  he  asks  Is  an  Eastern 

'  An  identification  of  'Delany'  with  Johnstone  (in  A.  de  R.  vi.  168)  seems 
unlikely. 

616 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  180O 

Warrior  to  he  eternally  harassed  by  the  factious  orators  of  a  potatoe  Garden. 
Foster  in  his  Speaker's  wig  and  gown  and  holding  the  mace  declaims: 
Desist  on  behalf  of  her  distressed  Children  [see  No.  <)T)(>S\;  forbid  the  banns 
in  time — it  may  alas!  Lead  to  an  eternal  divorce.  Behind  him  stands 
Grattan,  holding  a  pistol ;  he  says :  A  gross  violation  of  a  pledge  in  iy82 
[cf.  No.  6003].  On  the  extreme  r.  is  a  burly  man  with  a  bludgeon  who  says 

to  Cornwallis:  potatoe  garden,  you  Cyclops!  by  J s  you  left  us  neither 

bread  nor  potatoes — as  brogue  leather  is  Scarce  at  Kihnainham  what  if  we 
Corry  a  few  Ejiglish  hides — eh  Harry?  Bagatrot  business  for  that. 

On  the  extreme  1.  stands  George  III  (unrecognizable),  saying,  What — 
What — What — More  More  interruption  after  our  will  &  pleasure.  Expressed 
so  often  even  thro  the  Stewart  Cook  &  Butler  [Castlereagh].  Between  the 
King  and  John  Bull  stands  Pitt,  trampling  on  Erin's  crown.  He  says,  with 
a  grotesque  grin.  This  is  not  the  first  of  my  plans  of  Reform — remember  the 
Thatched  House  Scheme. 

For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c.  A  long  debate  took  place  on  17  Feb., 
when  Corry,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  violently  attacked  Grattan, 
alleging  complicity  with  the  United  Irishmen  (cf.  No.  9228,  &c.);  a  duel 
followed  in  which  Corry  was  slightly  wounded.  For  Castlereagh  and  the 
Union  see  Hyde,  Rise  of  Castlereagh,  1933.  For  the  Union  as  a  marriage 
cf.  No.  9532.  The  notion  may  derive  from  Lord  Clare's  anonymous  tract: 
No  Union!  But  Unite  and  Fall,  1799,  in  which  Paddy  Whack  advises  his 
mother  Sheelah  to  marry  John  Bull.  For  Pitt's  abortive  Reform  cf.  No. 
8635,  &c. 
7l  X  9i'g  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  6154  ka. 


9532  JOHN  BULL  ASK'D  AT  SAINT  STEPHENS!!! 

[Cawse.] 

Puhlisd  April  2&^  1800  by  S  W  Fores  N"  50  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  House  of  Commons  is  altered  into 
a  church  by  the  transformation  of  the  Speaker's  Chair  into  a  high  pulpit, 
in  which  Pitt  preaches  in  gown  and  bands,  holding  an  open  Red  Book  [or 
Royal  Kalendar].  On  the  front  Opposition  bench  sit  side  by  side  John 
Bull  grinning  slyly,  and  Hibemia  looking  down  demurely;  next  her  sits 
an  Irishman  (r.),  near  him  an  Englishman.  Heads  of  the  congregation  in 
the  gallery  are  freely  sketched.  Pitt,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  says:  I  Publish  the 

Banns  of  Union  Between  J*^  Bull  of  this  Parish  &  Miss  Hibemia 

Spinster  if  any  of  you  Know  cause  or  Just  impediment  why  these  two  Persons 
should  not  be  joind  together  in  Holy  Union  ye  are  to  Declare  it  (this  is  the 
first  time  of  asking).  Below  Pitt,  in  the  place  of  the  clerk,  sits  Dundas 
(wearing  the  Speaker's  hat,  wig,  and  gown),  in  front  of  him  is  the  table, 
with  mace,  &c.  He  says  Aye  Men —  See  No.  9531. 
8fxi2f  in. 


PREPARATIONS  FOR  THE  SPRING  CAMPAIGN!  a  satire  on  volun- 
teers, their  inefficiency,  vanity,  domesticities,  and  absurdities  (lightly  touched 
on),  after  Woodward  (a  design  in  two  rows),  was  published  by  Holland, 
20  Apr.  1800.  Probably  one  of  a  series,  see  No.  8541.  Reproduction, 
Wheeler  and  Broadley,  i.  118. 

617 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9533  FRONTISPIECE    TO     D«    BELLENDENUS'S     SERMON 
PREACHED  BEFORE  THE  RIGHT  HONBLE  &Ca  &Ca 

ySf  [Sayers.] 

Publ<^  by  H  Humphrey  ll*^  May  1800^ 

Engraving.  Dr.  Parr  stands  in  a  pulpit,  preaching,  immediately  under  the 
sounding-board  which  is  against  the  upper  edge  of  the  design.  In  his  1. 
hand  is  a  pipe  from  which  rises  a  cloud  of  smoke  inscribed  Eocit  in  Fumo ; 
in  his  r.  hand  is  a  pipe-stopper.  From  his  mouth  descends  a  billowing 
cloud  of  smoke  inscribed  Ex  Fumo  non  dare  Lucem.  Below  him  are  the 
heads  of  men  asleep,  or  yawning,  or  disgusted.  In  the  lower  r.  corner  a 
woman  puts  up  an  umbrella  as  protection  from  the  smoke,  a  man  angrily 
inspects  his  watch.  From  a  gallery  heads,  with  the  lank  hair  of  zealots, 
look  down  with  angry  dismay.  In  the  corner  of  a  pew  is  the  City  Sword 
and  mace,  indicating  the  presence  of  the  Lord  Mayor.  Below  the  title: 
"Faticibus  ingentem  Fumum  mirabile  dictu  \  "Evomit. 

Parr,  noted  for  smoking  when  this  was  not  done  in  good  company  (see 
No.  9430),  was  appointed  by  Combe,  the  Lord  Mayor,  to  preach  the  Spital 
Sermon  on  Easter  Tuesday  (15  April)  1800.  It  was  very  long,  but  its  chief 
point  was  an  attack  on  Godwin's  Political  Justice.  This  involved  him  in 
an  angry  correspondence  with  his  former  friend,  in  which  he  attacked 
Godwin  almost  in  the  vein  of  The  New  Morality  (see  No.  9240).  See 
Kegan  Paul,  Life  of  Godzoin,  1876,  i.  374  ff.  The  sermon  was  published 
as  a  pamphlet  in  1801,  evoking  a  pamphlet  from  Godwin.  For  'Bellen- 
denus'  see  Sayers's  Pre-face  to  Bellendenus,  No.  7185.  Combe,  Lord  Mayor 
1 799-1 800,  was  a  strong  whig  who  was  kept  out  of  the  mayoralty  for 
1798-9  by  the  Court  of  Aldermen.  City  Biography,  1800,  p.  159. 
i3|Xio|in. 

9534  DEMOCRACY ;— OR— A  SKETCH  OF  THE  LIFE  OF  BUONA- 
PARTE. 

J^  Gillray,  ini^  &  fed 

Published  May  12*^  1800,  by  H.  Humphrey,  N"  2y,  S*  James's  Street 

London. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  sequence  of  eight  designs,  arranged 
in  two  rows. 

[i]  DEMOCRATIC  INNOCENCE.  The  young  Buonaparte,  &  his  zoretched 
Relatives,  in  their  native  Poverty,  while  Free  Booters  in  the  Island  of  Corsica. 
The  interior  of  a  wretched  hut,  a  fire  burning  on  an  open  hearth,  a  tattered 
cloth  hanging  from  a  line.  On  a  heap  of  straw  sits  a  fat  ragged  woman, 
nursing  an  infant  who  pulls  her  nose.  Five  ragged  children  fight  round 
an  empty  dish  (on  an  upturned  tub)  for  a  large  bare  bone  which  one 
(Napoleon)  has  seized  and  is  gnawing.  The  father  enters,  carrying  on  his 
back  a  lean  chamois ;  his  dog  barks  at  an  angry  cat  who  has  caught  a  rat. 
An  axe  and  sword  hang  from  the  rough  stone  wall.  A  grotesque  travesty 
of  the  household  of  Carlo  and  Letizia  Buonaparte. 

[2]  DEMOCRATIC  HUMILITY.  Buonaparte,  when  a  boy,  received  thro'  the 
King's  bounty  into  the  Ecole  Militaire  at  Paris.  A  stiff  Court  Chamberlain, 
like  Lord  Salisbury  in  caricature,  leads  by  the  hand  the  barefooted  and 
ragged  little  Bonaparte,  who  advances  trembling  towards  the  chair  at  which 

*  According  to  a  note  by  Miss  Banks  (who  dates  the  print  May  24)  this  was  not 
published.   Banks  Memoranda  in  Print  Room. 

618 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1800 

sits  the  officer  in  command  of  the  school,  holding  out  his  hand  to  the  child 
in  a  friendly  manner.  On  the  table  before  him  are  plans  of  forts,  books: 
Sur  la  Guerre  and  Vauban ;  an  open  book :  Principe  Militaire.  Three  small 
cadets  in  uniform  stand  beside  him,  one  holding  Sur  VExercise  Manuel. 
Crossed  foils  are  on  the  floor.  In  the  background  beneath  a  portrait  of 
Louis  XVI  (decapitated  by  the  upper  margin)  are  two  rows  of  boys.  Ihere 
are  a  small  cannon,  a  globe,  a  diagram  of  sword  exercises,  &c. 

Bonaparte,  in  1779,  aged  nine,  was  admitted  to  the  military  school  at 
Brienne,  his  expenses  defrayed  by  Louis  XVI. 

[3]  DEMOCRATIC  GRATITUDE.  Buonaparte,  heading  the  Regicide  Banditti 
which  had  dethroned  &  Murdered  the  Monarch,  whose  bounty  had  foster' d 
him.  Bonaparte  stands  in  back- view  directing  with  outstretched  sword  the 
demolition  and  plundering  of  a  stone  building,  already  on  fire.  A  man  with 
an  axe  on  a  ladder  smashes  a  royal  escutcheon.  Plunderers  issue  (r.)  carry- 
ing off  bags,  chests,  &c.  Plate,  coins,  jewels,  and  orders  are  heaped  at 
Bonaparte's  feet  and  an  obsequious  soldier  empties  a  sack.  On  the  1.  is 
a  band  of  ragged  soldiers  with  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed  Vive  le  Egalite; 
they  have  firebrands,  a  pick-axe,  pikes,  &c. 

On  13th  Vendemiaire  (5  Oct.  1795)  Bonaparte  commanded  the  troops 
by  which  the  Convention  was  defended  from  an  insurrection  which  was 
partly  royalist. 

[4]  DEMOCRATIC  RELIGION.  Buotiaparte  turning  Turk  at  Cairo  for 
Interest;  after  swearing  on  the  Sacrament  to  support  y'  Catholic  Faith. 
Bonaparte  sits  cross-legged  on  a  sofa,  smoking  a  hookah,  while  a  Turkish 
priest  puts  a  turban  on  his  head.  A  fat  Turk  (1.)  reads  from  a  book: 
Alcoran ;  another  whets  a  knife.  On  the  r.  is  a  group  of  dismayed  French 
officers;  behind  are  impassive  Turkish  priests  with  folded  arms.  An  arc 
of  an  ornate  tent  forms  a  background.   See  No.  9253,  &c. 

Reproduced,  Propylden-Weltgeschichte,  ed.  W.  Goetz,  vii,  1929,  p.  108. 

[5]  DEMOCRATIC  COURAGE.  Buonaparte,  deserting  his  Army  in  Egypt, 
for  fear  ofy'  Turks;  after  boasting  that  he  would  extirpate  them  all.  A  moon- 
light scene.  Bonaparte,  making  furtive  gestures  of  flight,  stands  in  a  boat 
which  is  rowed  from  the  shore  towards  a  ship.  By  the  shore  is  a  row  of 
tents  with  tricolour  flags,  in  which  ragged  French  soldiers  are  asleep. 
Behind  is  an  advancing  army  of  Turkish  soldiers.   See  No.  9523. 

[6]  DEMOCRATIC  HONOR.  Buonaparte,  overturning  the  French  Republic 
which  had  employed  him,  &  intrusted  him  zoith  the  chief  Command.  Bona- 
parte, sabre  in  hand,  directs  files  of  Grenadiers  who  put  to  flight  the 
members  of  the  Council  of  Five  Hundred,  who  are  wearing  their  official 
dress  (see  No.  9198).  The  president  on  his  raised  seat  under  a  canopy 
inscribed  Vive  la  Convention  Une  &  Indivisible,  screams  in  terror.  (He  was 
actually  Lucien  Bonaparte,  whose  assistance  to  his  brother  had  been 
decisive.)  Bonaparte  tramples  on  the  torn  Constitution  de  I  Ann:  3.  On 
the  floor  are  Arrets  and  ordres.  The  soldiers  have  a  tricolour  flag  inscribed 
Liberti.   See  No.  9426,  &c. 

[7]  DEMOCRATIC  GLORY.  BuoTUjparte,  as  Grand  Consul  of  France,  re- 
ceiving the  adulations  of  Jacobin  Sycophants  &  Parasites.  He  sits  enthroned, 
wearing  the  dress  and  plumed  hat  of  a  Director  (see  No.  9199);  in  his  1. 
hand  is  a  sceptre  on  which  is  poised  a  figure  of  Fame.  The  high  back  of 
the  throne  is  framed  by  two  palm-trees,  above  it  an  eagle  clutches  a  sheaf 
of  thunderbolts  and  a  terrestrial  globe,  indicating  world  domination.  On 
his  r.  kneel  members  of  the  Legislative  Body ;  one,  kneeling  at  the  steps  of 
the  throne,  holds  out  an  Addresse  du  Corps  Legislatif.  Opposite  them  (r.) 

619 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

three  men  prostrate  themselves,  in  grovelling  servility,  one  holds  a  paper: 
Homage  du  Senat  Conservatif.  Beside  them  are  men  standing  with  bowed 
heads ;  one  holds  out  an  Addresse  de  Tribunate.  At  the  back  of  the  throne 
ranks  of  grenadiers  stand  at  attention  with  fixed  bayonets.  A  censer  burns 
before  Bonaparte.  Sieyes  peeps  furtively  from  behind  the  throne,  a  finger 
to  his  nose ;  he  holds  an  Ad[resse  de]  VAhbe  Seyes. 

The  satire  shows  knowledge  of  the  new  French  Constitution  (1799).  See 
Camb.  Mod.  Hist.  ix.  5  ff.  Sieyes,  however,  was  relegated  to  the  conserva- 
tive Senate,  he  and  Ducos  being  the  two  first  Senators.   See  No.  9509. 

[8]  DEMOCRATIC  CONSOLATIONS.  Buonaparte  on  his  Couch,  surrounded  by 
the  Ghosts  of  the  Murder' d, — y  Dangers  which  threaten  his  Usurpation,  and 
all  the  Horrors  of  Final  Retribution.  He  lies  asleep  on  a  truckle-bed  whose 
head  is  a  guillotine,  through  which  looks  a  grinning  demon,  his  hand  on 
its  cord.  From  under  the  bed  Death  with  a  spear  looks  up  at  Bonaparte, 
a  hissing  serpent  beside  him.  Clouds  and  the  flames  of  Hell,  filled  with 
minute  demons,  billow  towards  him  from  the  1. ;  from  the  clouds  issue 
a  hand  holding  out  a  pistol  and  a  woman's  hand  with  a  cup  of  Poison.  In 
the  background  are  close  ranks  of  tiny  ghosts;  these  include  a  bishop 
pierced  by  a  dagger,  a  headless  man  holding  his  skull  and  wearing  the 
order  of  St.  Louis  ( ?  Louis  XVI),  a  headless  woman,  a  woman  with  an 
infant,  a  monk,  a  Turk.   For  the  ill  repute  of  'Democracy'  cf.  No.  8310. 

Cf.  Rowlandson's  The  Progress  of  the  Emperor  Napoleon  pub.  Tegg, 
19  Nov.  1808. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  268.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  252.  Broadley,  Napoleon, 
i.  134-5.  Reproduced,  Grand-Carteret,  Napoleon  en  images,  1895,  p.  63. 
lojxiyf  in. 

9534  A  Copies  of  [i]  and  [2],  as  PI.  i  and  PI.  2,  face  p.  128,  of  [3]  and  [4], 
as  Plate.  3.^  and  Plate.  4.,^  are  after  p.  164,  of  [5]  and  [6],  as  N°  5  and  N"  6, 
face  p.  160  of  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 

Each  design,  c.  4^^  X  4^  in.  With  border  c.  5I X  5  in,      B.M.L.,  745.  a.  6. 

9535  PARTY'S  NOT  AGREED. 
[?I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  May  14  1800  by  J  Aitken  N°  14  Cask  [sic]  St  Leicester  Square 

Engraving.  A  sturdy  Irishman  (1.)  sits  with  his  back  to  Pitt,  who  is  care- 
worn and  emaciated,  but  says,  extending  his  r.  arm  with  a  propitiatory 
gesture.  My  Dear  Pat  let  us  be  frieruls,  you  know  what  happiness  it  will  be 
to  me  to  have  an  Union  with  you:  I  will  make  you  Rich  &  give  you  plenty 
of  money  &  provide  for  your  Children.  I  have  got  the  Treasury  at  my  Com- 
mand do  not  look  so  unpleasent,  let  us  drink  a  pot  of  Wisky  together.  In  his 
1.  hand  is  a  large  Union  Bill.  Pat  is  plainly  dressed  with  patched  clothes, 
in  his  r.  hand  is  a  mug  of  Irish  Wisky,  in  his  1.  a  large  shillelah.  Beside 
him  (1.),  and  looking  menacingly  towards  Pitt,  lies  a  fierce  mastiff^,  the  collar 

inscribed  Eron  Go  Bra.  He  says :  You  be  D d;  No  Union  by  Jasus  what 

do  you  want  of  me:  are  you  not  after  starving  your  own  Country  &  Bringing 
them  to  Beggary,  none  of  your  palarver  for  by  the  Holy  God  I  will  be  after 
tipping  you  my  Shalany.  For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c. ;  for  the  dearth 
in  England,  No.  9545,  &c. 
8|xi3iin. 

'  In  Print  Room. 
620 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1800 

9536  THE  HORRID  ASSASSIN  P  HATFIELD,  ATTEMTING  TO 
SHOOT  THE  KING  IN  DRURY  LANE  THEATRE— ON  THE 
15™  OF  MAY,  1800. 

[?L  Cniikshank] 

Published  by  J  Garbaneti  4,  Great  Russel  S'  Bedford  Square 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Hadfield  stands  up  in  the  pit  and  fires 
a  pistol  point-blank  at  the  King,  who  turns  reassuringly  to  a  group  of 
alarmed  Princesses  (1.),  while  the  Queen  enters  the  box  (r.).  He  is  seized 
by  three  men,  one  being  Sheridan  (r.).  On  the  extreme  r.  is  a  corner  of 
the  orchestra,  with  three  musicians,  their  music,  God  Save  the  King.  On 
the  curtain  which  drapes  the  royal  box  and  frames  the  design  : 

From  every  latent  foe 

From  the  Assassins  blow 
God  Save  the  King 

Ov'r  him  thine  Arms  extend 

For  Britains  sake  defend. 

Our  Father  Prince  &  Friend,  [Sec.]. 
Hadfield,  a  discharged  private  of  dragoons,  and  a  silversmith,  was 
dragged  on  to  the  stage  across  the  orchestra  and  taken  to  a  room  in  the 
theatre  where  he  was  examined  by  Sheridan  and  Wigstead  (the  artist,  a  Bow 
Street  magistrate),  and  afterwards  by  Addington.  The  royal  party  sat  out 
the  comedy,  after  which  God  Save  the  King  was  thrice  sung  followed  by 
Rule  Britannia.  After  the  farce  God  Save  the  King  was  repeated  with  the 
(above)  additional  verses  by  Sheridan.  This  manifestation  of  loyalty 
followed  that  of  Pizarro,  see  No.  9396,  &c.  Hadfield  had  been  terribly 
wounded  and  was  insane.  Lond.  Chron.,  16  and  17  May  1800;  Lady 
Holland's  Journal,  1908,  ii.  83,  88-9.  See  Nos.  9537-9540,  9542. 
8|  X  12^  in. 

9537  STRONG  SYMPTOMS  OF  LOYALTY. 
[PLCruikshank.] 

Pub  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  [May  1800] 

Engraving.  Hadfield  stands  in  profile  to  the  r.,  pistol  in  hand,  on  the 
stage,  the  spikes  dividing  it  from  the  orchestra  appearing  in  the  lower  1. 
corner  of  the  design.  Sheridan  (r.)  seizes  him  by  the  neck-cloth.  Fox  (a 
poor  portrait)  grasps  the  back  of  his  coat-collar.    The  former  says:  you 

D -d  Jacobin  Scoundrel,  you  Democrate  Villian,  you  Republican  Rascal 

You  Regicide  you  Traitor  you  you.  Oh  Heaven  I  fail  for  lack  of  words  to 
Express  my  rage — to  attemp — Oh  Devil,  Fiend — A  Monarch  whom  we  Love, 
A  King  whom  we  adore  [quoting  Rolla's  words,  see  No.  9407,  &c.].   Fox 

says:  Shoot  him.  Kill  him.  Hang  Him  D n  him  Assassin. — Oh.  words 

where  are  you  fled.   Tierney  stands  aloof  on  the  r.,  slyly  taking  snuff;  he 

says :  Why  D n  me  you  are  as  bad  a  Shot  as  me  (an  allusion  to  his  duel 

with  Pitt,  see  No.  9218,  &c.).  See  No.  9536,  &c.  A  hasty  sketch,  probably 
the  original  of  No.  9538. 
8^X13  J  in. 

9538  STRONG  SYMPTOMS  OF  LOYALTY!! 

Published  by  S  W  Fores  30  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caricatures  Lent 

[May  1800] 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Probably  an  imitation  of  No.  9537,  and 
a  more  effective  rendering  of  the  scene.  Fox  (1.)  and  Sheridan  (r.)  standing 

621 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

on  the  edge  of  the  stage  drag  Hadfield,  who  holds  out  his  pistol,  by  the 
shoulders  across  the  spikes  which  divide  the  stage  from  the  orchestra. 
Tiemey  stands  (r.)  in  profile  to  the  1.  taking  snuff.  The  words  of  all  three 
are  as  in  No.  9537.  The  background  (absent  in  No.  9537)  is  formed  of 
the  curtain  (r.),  through  which  peeps  a  face,  and  leafy  scenery  (1.)  from 
which  an  alarmed  man  advances.  In  the  lower  1.  corner  is  the  music-book 
of  one  of  the  orchestra,  open  at  God  save  the  King.  See  No.  9536,  &c. 
8ixi3i|in. 

9539  JAMES— HADFIELD!!! 
[Cawse.] 

Publish^  May  ig^^  1800  hy  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    T.Q.L.   portrait  of  Hadfield,   arms 

folded,  looking  down  and  to  the  1.  Beneath  the  title:  Who  made  an  Attempt 

on  the  Life  of  his  Majesty  at  Drury  Lane  Theatre  on  Thursday  May  i^ 

1800.   See  No.  9536,  &c. 

6  X  6|  in. 

9540  AN  EXACT  LIKENESS  OF  JAMES  HADFIELD  .  .  . 

[May  1800] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).   Hadfield  (T.Q.L.)  stands  (r.)  in  profile 
to  the  1.,  looking  down  but  firing  upwards.    The  descriptive  title  (not 
transcribed  in  full)  is  etched  across  the  centre  of  the  design,  and  is  followed 
by  Sheridan's  additional  verses  to  God  save  the  King,  see  No.  9536,  &c. 
8fx8iin. 

9541  A  DIALOGUE  BETWEEN  A  BRITISH  TAR  AND  A  FRENCH 
CITIZEN.    A  LOYAL  SKETCH,  IN  VERSE.^ 

Woodward  del  Cruikshank.  SP 

Published  21^*  May,  1800.  by  M.  Allen,  Paternoster  Row. 
Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression),  between  two  printed 
columnsof  dialogue  inverse  by  Woodward.^  A  London  street  scene.  A  thin 
foppish  Frenchman  (1.)  bows,  hat  in  hand,  with  a  propitiatory  grin  to  a 
fierce  and  burly  sailor  with  a  cudgel.   Beneath  the  design:  The  English 

Sailor,  and  French  Citizen.  \ Ah — ah  Monsieur.  \  Je  suis  tres  humble- 

ment  voire  serviteur.  Page  5  line  5.  The  Frenchman  has  come:  *To  teach 
the  English  freedom.'  'Jack  Oakum'  answers : 

*A  lath  like  you — teach  Britons  to  be  free! 
Damme — ^we  learn  it  with  our  A.B.C.* 
Of.  No.  8296. 
8|  X  7  in.  Whole  sheet,  I  of  X  15  in. 

9542  BRITANNIAS  PROTECTION  OR  LOYALTY  TRIUMPHANT. 
[Rowlandson.] 

Pub'^  June  ^'*  1800  by  R.  Akermann  N°  loi  Strand 

Engraving.  George  III  (r.),  in  court  dress,  stands  majestically,  his  1.  elbow 

resting  on  a  column  inscribed  Fortitude;  his  head  is  turned  in  profile  to 

'  Printed  title. 

*  Two  other  illustrated  dialogues  are  advertised  on  the  print,  'written  and 
designed  by  G.  M.  Woodward':  '^  Parish  Meeting  on  the  subject  of  Invasion — 
John  Bull  in  the  Chair  ..."  and  'A  Dialogue  between  Mrs.  Bull  and  Madame  Bona- 
parte', price  \s.  plain,  is.  6d.  coloured;  'Handsome  Allowance  to  those  who  buy 
Quantities  to  give  away'.  Both  were  reissued  with  the  date  July  18,  1803,  and 
are  described  in  Vol.  viii  (from  B.M.L.  650.  a.  12). 

622 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  180O 

the  1. ;  Britannia,  beside  him,  raises  her  spear  to  threaten  Hadfield,  who 
drops  his  pistol  and  is  dragged  off  by  a  winged  demon  by  means  of  a 
haher.  The  demon  says:  Hadfield  for  thy  diabolical  attempt,  thou  shall 
meet  with  thy  reward.  A  festooned  curtain  is  inscribed  (r.)  God  Save  the 
King.  See  No.  9536,  &c.  Published  on  the  King's  birthday. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  6. 
io|xi4|  in. 

9543  A  FLIGHT  ACROSS  THE  HERRING  POOL. 

IC  [Cruikshank.] 

Pub.  by  S  W  Fores — ^o.  Piccadilly  June  2&^  1800.   NB  Folios  of 

Caricatures  Lent 
Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Pitt  and  Dundas  on 
the  shore  of  the  Irish  Channel  encourage  the  flight  of  Irish  M.P.s  across 
the  sea.  Pitt  holds  open  a  large  Imperial  Pouch,  from  whose  mouth  hang 
ribbons  and  stars,  and  within  which  stand  stiff  little  men  in  court  dress, 
bedecked  with  orders,  who  say  to  the  foremost  flying  man :  very  snug  and 
convenient  Brother  I  assure  you.  Pitt  says:  Come  on  my  little  Fellows — 
theres  plenty  of  room  for  you  all — the  Budget  is  not  half  full.  Behind  and 
above  him,  and  on  the  extreme  1.,  Dundas  sits  on  a  large  rectangular 
package  divided  horizontally  between  his  offices:  Elder  Brother  of  the 
Trinity  House,  A  Secretary  [of  State  for  War],  Got/  of  the  Bank  in  Scotland, 
A  Commissioner  for  India  affair  [sic],  A  Commissioner  of  Chelsea  Hospital, 
A  Governor  of  Greenwich  Hosp^,  Treasurer  of  the  Navy,  Custos  Rotulorum 
for  Middlesex,  Patent  Printer  of  the  Bible  in  Scotland.,  Chancellor  of  the 
University  S^  Andrezo's,  Joint  Keeper  of  the  Signet  in  Scotland,  Gov''  of  tlie 
Charter  House.  He  wears  a  Scots  bonnet  and  plaid  and  says,  beckoning: 
If  yoiCve  ony  Conscience  at  a'  heres  enugh  to  satisfy  ye  a\ 

On  the  opposite  shore  (r.)  two  men  (one  ragged)  kneel  in  supplication, 
a  woman  stands  behind  them  with  outstretched  arms,  a  dog  begs  beside 
a  naked  infant.  They  say :  Och — Och — do  not  leave  us — Consider  your  Old 
House,  it  will  look  like  a  big  Walnut  shell — mthout  a  Kernel.  Behind  them 
is  a  rotunda,  indicating  the  Irish  Parliament ;  the  flight  of  members  starts 
from  its  roof. 

For  the  Union  see  No.  9284,  &c.   For  Dundas  as  a  pluralist  cf.  No. 
9052,  &c. 
9^X15!  in. 

9543  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  A""  XVI.  to  London  und  Paris,  vi,  1800. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  167-76. 

6f  X  8^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9544  THE  RIVAL  ACCOUCHEURS  OR  WHO  SHALL  DELIVER 
EUROPE 

[PAnsell.^] 

Pu¥  July  01*''  [sic]  by  SW  Fores  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caricatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Pitt,  tall  and  very  thin,  and  wearing  the 
old-fashioned  dress  of  a  (quack)  doctor,  addresses  Bonaparte  (not  carica- 
tured), dressed  as  Consul.  He  says,  hat  in  hand  (pointing  to  a  rent  sack  of 
guineas  (1.)  inscribed  Mint-Seed  \  T.  Y),  why  I  tell  you  Doctor  Buonaparte^ 
'  Broadley  attributes  it  conjecturally  to  I.  Cruikshank. 
623 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

nothing  can  effect  a  complete  deliverance  hut  my  Prescription  of  Mint  Seed 
it  is  the  most  Efficacious  Remedy  in  the  World.  Bonaparte  stands  full-face, 
turning  his  head  in  profile  to  Pitt ;  he  points  with  his  sword  to  two  pyramids 
of  cannon-balls  (r.),  in  his  1.  hand  are  three  balls.  He  says:  /  deny  that 
Doctor,  my  Pills  are  far  more  certain  in  thier  operation  &  much  quicker  in 
their  effect,  for  instance  you  have  been  months  in  attempting  to  deliver  Italy 
&  I  have  delivered  her  in  a  Day,  but  I  refer  you  to  D'  Melas  &  Z)*"  Kray, 
who  have  both  tried  my  Pills  &  found  them  irresistable,  therfore  D'  if  you 
do  not  immediatly  acknowledge  the  superiority  of  my  Pills  by  Mahomet  [see 
No.  9253]  I  will  make  You.  From  Pitt's  pocket  issue  a  forceps  inscribed 
Income  Tax  and  a  paper:  Consultation  on  the  power  of  Mint  Seed.  Behind 
him  and  on  the  extreme  1.  stands  Dundas  dressed  as  the  zany  who  accom- 
panied the  quack  doctor,  but  in  tartan  and  with  a  Scots  cap ;  he  bangs  on 
a  salt-box  to  produce  rough  music.  From  his  pocket  protrudes  a  bag 
labelled :  Mint  Seed  for  my  own  practice.  He  says :  Hoot  Mon,  I  never  knew 
a  Countryman  of  mine  but  would  prefer  the  Mint  Seed  to  aw  the  Republican 
Pills  i  the  Warld. 

On  the  r.  a  grotesque  man,  wearing  trousers  and  a  short  loose  shirt 
( ?  Desaix),  fires  a  short  blunderbuss  point-blank  in  the  face  of  a  gaping 
and  terrified  Austrian  officer,  probably  Melas  (who  asked  for  an  armistice 
after  Marengo,  14  June).  Kray  was  defeated  by  Moreau  in  the  German 
campaign. 

A  satire  on  Pitt's  policy  of  subsidizing  continental  powers ;  on  June  20th 
a  subsidy  convention  had  been  signed  at  Vienna  for  ^2,000,000 ;  similar 
belated  compacts  had  been  signed  with  Bavaria,  Wiirtemberg,  and  Mainz, 
which  scarcely  delayed  the  collapse  of  resistance  to  France.  Camb.  Hist, 
of  British  Foreign  Policy,  i.  296-7.  See  No.  9554.  The  dignity  of  Bonaparte 
is  noteworthy  in  a  print  where  all  the  other  figures  are  broadly  caricatured. 
Cf.  Sheridan  (27  June)  on  the  'heroic  honours'  of  Bonaparte,  whom  he 
compared  to  Hannibal.  Pari.  Hist.  xxxv.  396.  For  other  attacks  on 
subsidies  see  No.  8821,  &c. ;  for  the  Income  Tax,  No.  9363,  &c. 

Broadley,  i.  135-6  (reproduction). 
9|xi4|in. 

9544  A  A  copy  is  pi.  iV*  XV.  to  London  und  Paris,  vi,  1800.  Explanatory 
text,  pp.  90-5. 

6|  X  8f  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9545  A  LEGAL  METHOD  OF  THRASHING  OUT  GRAIN  OR 
FORESTALLERS  &  REGRATERS  REAPING  THE  FRUITS  OF 
THEIR  HARVEST 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  by  SW  Fores  N  50  Picadilly  August  12,  1800 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Chief  Justice  Kenyon  in  wig  and  robes, 
a  colossal  figure,  vigorously  plies  a  flail,  to  the  dismay  of  profiteers  who 
scatter,  disgorging  the  products  they  have  (supposedly)  monopolized.  A 
crowd  of  fugitives  (1.)  vomit  grain;  one  says:  /'//  sell  at  14  instead  of  25; 
another:  Oh  Lord  I  will  find  some  Grain.  I  will  indeed,  I'll  bring  a  Thousand 
Quarters  next  market  Day.  On  the  r.  cattle  and  sheep  spring  from  the 
mouth  of  a  fat  monopolizer  who  says :  Indeed  I  will  find  Bullocks  &  Sheep 
in  Plenty.  Cheeses  issue  from  the  mouth  of  a  seated  man  and  bowl  across 
the  floor.   An  artisan  (r.)  says:  Thank  God  there  is  an  Upright  Judge  on 

624 


POLITICAL  SATIRES   1800 

Earth  who  will  plead  the  cause  of  the  Poor,  and  prevent  rich  Villians  from 
feeding  Luxuriously  at  the  expence  of  the  Lives  of  the  industrious  Poor.  A 
large  gothic  window  indicates  the  Guildhall. 

The  laws  against  forestalling  and  regrating  (designed  to  eliminate  the 
jobber  and  to  prevent  sales  except  at  market)  were  repealed  in  1771.  But 
Kenyon  maintained  that  such  operations  were  still  illegal  at  Common  Law 
and  there  were  many  prosecutions  at  times  of  dearth.  This  print  probably 
relates  to  R.  v.  Rusby,  in  Guildhall  4  July  1800,  with  a  special  jury  of 
merchants.  Rusby,  a  corn-factor,  had  bought  oats  by  sample  at  415.  a 
quarter  and  had  resold  (regrated)  a  part  (30  quarters)  at  435.  in  the  same 
market.  Kenyon  made  a  long  speech  on  the  illegality  and  enormity  of  the 
transaction,  saying  to  the  jury,  'You  have  conferred  the  greatest  benefit  on 
the  country  I  believe  that  any  Jury,  almost  ever  did.'  Lond.  Chron.,  7  July 
1800.  Kenyon's  attitude  was  considered  retrograde  and  dangerous  by 
raiinisters  as  tending  to  increase  dearth  and  provoke  disturbances,  and  in 
the  serious  riots  in  London  in  September  Rusby's  house  was  burnt  by  the 
mob.  See  Sir  T.  Turton,  Address  to  the  good  sense  and  zvisdom  of  the  People 
on  behalf  of  the  Dealers  in  Corn.  1800.  Portland,  the  Home  Secretary,  in 
a  letter  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Oxfordshire  (29  Sept.)  arising  out  of 
food-riots,  deprecated  the  revival  of  obsolete  laws  against  forestallers,  &c. 
This  was  also  the  tenor  of  the  King's  Speech  on  1 1  Nov.  Windham  wrote, 
16  Nov.,  of  Kenyon's  'foolish,  intemperate,  and  highly  culpable  language. 
.  .  .  Half  the  army  is  employed  ...  in  suppressing  tumults  excited  by  the 
Judges  .  .  .'  .  Windham  Papers,  1913,  ii.  161.  Kenyon  was  generally 
approved  by  the  'gentry  and  clergy*  (according  to  Lord  Holland)  and  of 
course  by  the  populace.  Lord  Holland  (the  only  Opposition  peer  in  the 
House)  approved  Portland's  letter  in  the  debate  on  the  Address.  See  Hist. 
MSS.  Comm.,  Kenyon  MSS.  i8g4,  pp.  554-5 ;  Auckland  Corr.  iv.  111-12; 
Ann.  Reg.,  1800,  39*-4o*,  56*-i92*;  1801,  pp.  zyS.;  Pari.  Hist.  xxxv. 
496  ff.;  Holland,  Memoirs  of  the  Whig  Party,  1852,  ii.  166-70.  For  the 
dearth  of  1799-1800  see  Nos.  8620  a  (1800),  9429,  9430,  9432,  9525,  9535, 
9546,  9547.  9551.  9552,  9553.  9^35.  9639-  Cf.  No.  9549.  Cf.  the  attitude 
to  the  dearth  of  1795,  attributed  to  the  war  and  to  Pitt,  see  No.  8664,  &c. 
8fxi3in. 

9545  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N"  XIX.  to  London  und  Paris,  vi,  1800. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  231-43. 

6|  X  8i  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9546  DOWNFAL  OF  MONOPOLY  IN  1800. 
[Rowlandson.] 

Pu¥  Aug^  14.  1800  by  R.  Ackermann  N  loi  Strand. 

Photograph  of  an  etching.  Death,  the  central  figure,  chases  monopolizers 
who  are  in  headlong  flight  to  the  1.,  shadowed  by  heavy  clouds.  Behind 
him  is  a  statue  of  Britannia  holding  spear  and  cornucopia,  the  lion  beside 
her  dominates  the  scene.  Men  and  women  dance  round  the  pedestal  in 
frantic  joy.  On  the  r.,  in  full  sunshine,  two  women  and  three  naked  infants 
rejoice  over  a  loaf  inscribed  Quartern  Loaf  8^.  In  the  background  (r.)  is 
the  shore  on  which  are  cattle  and  sacks,  while  a  fleet  of  merchant  ships 
approaches. 

The  monopolizers  and  Death  are  the  most  prominent  and  important 
part  of  the  design,  to  which  the  scenes  of  prosperity  are  a  foil.  Deathi'is 

625  s  s 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

a  skeleton  flogging  with  a  scourge  a  grisly  white  horse  whose  head  and  neck 
are  skull  and  vertebrae.  He  rides  over  a  prostrate  grocer,  whose  Sugar 
loaves  and  scales  are  beside  him,  the  latter  are  inscribed  Short  Measure  and 
cheating  Weights.  A  fat  nfian  flees  on  a  galloping  pig,  riding  down  a  bearded 
Jew  who  slinks  off  with  a  sack  of  Bacon.  Two  men  on  the  extreme  1.  flee 
with  a  pocket  (large  sack)  of  Hops  and  a  sheaf  of  Corn  respectively.  On 
the  hops  crouches  a  frantic  demon  with  a  trident.  Disks  of  Cheese  roll  beside 
them.  Other  terrified  figures  are  in  deep  shadow.  A  sign-post  is  inscribed 
Road  to  Hell.  See  No.  9545,  &c. 
Original  (A.  de  R.  vii.  16),  i2^x  18  in. 

9547  HINTS  TO  FORESTALLERS,  OR  A  SURE  WAY  TO  REDUCE 
THE  PRICE  OF  GRAIN!! 

[?L  Cruikshank.] 

Pu¥  by  Hixon  Aug.  21.  1800.  at  355,  Strand. 

Engraving.  A  fat  'forestaller'  is  dragged  along  (1.  to  r.)  by  a  rope  round 
his  neck  which  is  pulled  by  a  chain  of  countrymen,  to  the  cheers  of  a  crowd. 
Three  on  the  r.  shout:  How  much  now  you  rogue  in  grain  [cf.  No.  7070], 

How  much  now  Farmer?,  and  Pull  him  up,  D n  him.   He  shouts:  Oh! 

pray  let  me  go,  &  I'll  let  you  have  it,  at  a  Guinea — oh!  Eighteen  shillings, 
do  have  mercy  on  me!  Oh!  I'll  let  you  have  it  at.  Fourteen  shillings.  A 
woman  (1.)  kicks  htm  behind  and  raises  a  pair  of  tongs  to  strike,  saying, 
Thats  your  sort  [cf.  No.  8073]  Twelve  &  two  is  Fourteen — go  along  Bob. 
An  old  woman  (r.)  points  out  the  victim  to  a  small  child.  Others  shout 
Go  it  and  Huzza!  we'll  have  'em  all  in  a  Line  e're  long.  On  the  1.  are  open 
sacks  of  wheat  inscribed  25s.  Beneath  the  title :  A  New  Farce  performed 
with  Universal  Applause  at  Bishop' s-Clyst  in  Devon.  Aug^  1800.  See  the 
Morning  Advertiser  6'*  Au^.   [Not  in  B.M.L.] 

Such  prints  probably  contributed  to  the  serious  riots  in  London  in 
September,  after  inflammatory  bills  had  been  posted  on  the  Monument, 
('Bread  will  be  six  pence  per  quartern  if  the  people  will  assemble  at  the 
Corn  Market  on  Monday');  corn-dealers,  mealmen,  and  quakers  were 
particularly  attacked.  Lond.  Chron.,  16,  17  Sept.  Forestalling  was  the 
buying  of  food  before  it  reached  the  market,  e.g.  a  growing  crop,  or  cattle 
on  the  way  to  market.  There  were  many  prosecutions.  See  No.  9545,  &c. 

Reproduced,  Social  England,  ed.  Traill,  1904,  v.  671. 
8|xi3  in. 

9548  THE   WORN-OUT   PATRIOT ;— OR— THE   LAST   DYING 
SPEECH  OF  THE  WESTMINSTER  REPRESENTATIVE,  .  .  . 

J^  Gillray  inv  &  j& 

Publishd  October  13^^  1800,  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  title  continues :  at  the  Anniversary 
Meeting  on  Ocf  lO^'*  1800.  held  at  the  Shakespeare  Tavern.  Fox  stands 
on  a  dais  at  the  head  of  a  rough  table,  the  seat  from  which  he  has  risen 
is  magnificent,  above  it  is  the  inscription  Vive  la  Liberte  surmounted  by 
a  bonnet-rouge.  He  is  held  up  (1.)  by  Combe,  the  Lord  Mayor,  a  pompous 
figure  in  gown  and  chain,  and  (r.)  by  Erskine.  The  former  holds  a  Petition 
to y'  Throne; — or  a  new  way  to  Combe  the  Ministers  Wig;  the  latter  grasps 
a  bottle  of  BraTui[y].  Fox  is  melancholy,  and  his  swollen  legs  cannot 
support  unaided  his  vast  bulk.  Before  him  is  a  frothing  pot  of  Whitbread's 

626 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  1800 

Entire  (cf.  No.  8638).  Only  the  guests  on  Fox's  r.  and  1.  are  visible;  they 
are  Grey  (or  perhaps  Byng),^  turning  to  watch  his  chief,  and  Tierney, 
looking  gloomily  before  him.  Behind  Tierney  are  the  heads  of  a  butcher, 
with  marrow-bone  and  cleaver,  and  a  chimney-sweep  with  brush  and 
shovel.  All  listen  intently  to  Fox,  who  says :  "Gentlemen,  you  see  Fm  grown 
quite  an  Old  Man  in  your  Service!  Twenty  Years  I've  served  you,  &  always 
upon  the  same  Principles; — /  rejoiced  at  the  Success  of  our  Enemies  in  the 
American  War! — &  the  War  against  the  Virtuous  French  Republic  has 
always  met  with  my  most  determined  opposition! — but  the  Infamous  Ministry 
will  not  make  Peace  with  our  Enemies,  &  are  determined  to  keep  Me  out  of 
their  Councils  &  out  of  Place! — therefore  Gentlemen!  as  their  Principles  are 
quite  different  from  mine,  &  as  I  am  now  too  Old  to  form  myself  according 
to  their  Systems,  my  attendance  in  Parliament  is  useless: — Sf  to  say  the  truth, 
I  feel  that  my  season  of  action  is  past,  &  I  must  leave  to  younger  Men  to  Act, 
for  alas!  my  failings  &  weaknesses  will  not  let  me  now  recognise  what  is  for 
the  best! 

Fox's  speech  on  10  Oct.  (the  anniversary  of  his  first  election  for  West- 
minster in  1780  (see  No.  5699)  was  reported  in  full  and  in  the  first  person 
{Lond.  Chron.,  14  Oct.);  the  parody  is  close  and  the  only  completely  inter- 
polated phrase  is  that  on  his  exclusion  from  Tlace'.  He  called  the  French 
war,  like  the  American  war,  *a  war  of  domination  against  the  cause  of 
Liberty'.  He  deplored  the  extinction  of  the  principles  of  i688,  *My  time 
of  action  was  over  when  those  principles  were  extinguished  on  which  I 
acted'.  He  asserted  his  determination  to  persist  in  secession,  see  No. 
9018,  &c.  See  No.  9549.  Combe's  petition  is  that  voted  by  the  Livery 
in  Common  Hall  (3  Oct.),  that  Parliament  might  be  convened  to  consider 
a  remedy  for  the  high  price  of  provisions,  involving  the  constitutional 
question  of  the  right  of  the  Livery  (as  distinct  from  the  Corporation)  to 
petition.  Ibid.,  4,  7,  9  Oct.  Cf.  No.  5851  (1781).  Fox  toasted  (on  10  Oct.) 
'The  Lord  Mayor  and  independent  Livery  of  London'. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  270  (reproduction).    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  255. 
Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830.  Copy  in  Grego,  Hist,  of  Parliamentary  Elections, 
1892,  p.  308. 
i2|X9iin. 

9548  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  pi.  N°  XII.  to  London  und  Paris,  vi,  1800. 
Explanatory  text,  pp.  80-9. 

^  X  611  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9549  THE  COMMON  GARDEN  ORATOR— OR  AUT  C^SAR  AUT 
NULLUS. 

[L  Cruikshank.] 

Pub  by  S  W  Fores  $o  Piccadilly  OcV  14,  1800 — Folios  of  Caricatures 
Lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  presides  at  a  dinner  of  ragamuffins. 
He  stands  at  the  head  of  the  table  which  recedes  towards  him  in  per- 
spective, dominating  the  seated  and  standing  audience.  He  says :  My  Dear 
Friends  &  Constituents,  had  I  not  possessed  Principles  suited  to  all  occasions 
I  never  could  have  sat  so  long  in  the  House  as  I  have  done:  of  my  abilities 

'  Incorrectly  identified  in  Wright  and  Evans  as  Sir  J.  Sinclair.  Identifications 
of  Grey  by  Lord  Holland  appear  conclusive,  but  he  is  identified  in  London  und 
Paris  as  Byng,  M.P.  for  Middlesex,  and  he  resembles  the  Byng  of  No.  8782. 

627 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

in  this  respect,  it  is  scarce  necessary  to  repeat  to  you  the  Coalition  with  that 
Upright  Man  Lord  North,  whose  detestation  of  the  American  War  is  well 
known  to  you  all. — of  my  assertion  of  the  Unquallified  Right  of  the  Prince 
to  the  Regency  without  your  consent  [see  No.  7381,  &c.];  &  also  the  exalted 
character  I  gave  our  Beloved  Friend  O  Connor  at  Maidstone  [see  No. 
9245,  &c.],  Now  is  it  any  wonder  Gentlemen  that  I  should  leave  off  Speechify- 
ing in  the  House,  when  I  had  the  Mortification  to  hear  every  one  hint,  that 
is  an  old  story, — give  us  something  new — Now  Gentlemen  this  is  the  Place  to 
be  heard!!  here  I  am  sure  of  attention  (Why  dont  you  shout,)  here  I  am  sure 
of  a  majority  this  is  the  Place  to  expatiate  on  the  affairs  of  the  Nation  to  abuse 
the  Ministers!  to  dispute  the  Acts  of  the  Senate  &  to  Spew  out  Sedition  in 
defiance  of  all  Law  Huzza,  Huzza  Huzza!!!  Before  him  on  the  table  is 
a  paper  headed  Resolution.  There  are  also  pipes,  papers  of  tobacco, 
measures  of  Gin,  tankards  of  ale,  and  one  guttering  candle.  The  title  con- 
tinues: "/  am  ever  ready  to  exert  my  abilities  for  my  Constituents ;  but  I  am 
the  best  Judge  where!!!  The  guests  are  ruffianly  vagabonds.  A  chimney- 
sweep waves  his  brush  and  shove,  shouting:  Huzza,  to  the  Bank  to  Morrow 
my  lads  theres  Plenty  of  Corn  there.  A  man  with  a  bludgeon  says  Aye,  Aye, 

made  a  good  thing  of  it  in  the  Borough.  Another  man  says  D n  the  Law 

I  say.  A  ragged  butcher  with  a  mastiff  (1.)  represents  the  band  of  butchers 
who  supported  Fox  at  elections.  A  bearded  Jew  is  on  the  extreme  1. 
(indicating  his  (former)  indebtedness  to  Jews,  see  No.  6617).  A  (?)  sewer- 
man,  with  an  axe  and  a  candle-end  alight  on  the  peak  of  his  cap,  says: 
bad  luck  to  Pitt.  A  ragged  man  (r.)  fills  the  pot  of  a  ruffian  with  a  bandaged 
eye  from  a  tankard  inscribed  The  Kings  Head  C.I.F.  (cf.  No.  7892);  the 
latter  says :  Yes,  lost  a  Daylight  in  Btshopsgate  Street. 

A  satire  on  the  dinner  to  Fox  on  10  Oct.,  see  No.  9548.  The  actual 
tenor  of  the  speech  is  ignored,  except  for  Fox's  contention  that  he  had 
always  been  faithful  to  the  principles  of  1688,  and  his  rejoicing  at  the 
success  of  America.  Fox's  inconsistency  was  a  favourite  topic  (chiefly  in 
relation  to  the  Coalition  and  the  Regency),  as  was  the  allegation  that  his 
supporters  in  Westminster  were  the  riff-raff  of  the  district  (cf.  No.  6423) ; 
they  are  here  alleged  to  be  corn-rioters,  see  No.  9545,  &c.  See  No.  9018. 
8^X141  in. 

9550  A  MANSION  HOUSE  TREAT.  OR  SMOKING  ATTITUDES! 

Pub  N°^  18. 1800  by  S  W  Fores  N  50  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caricatures 
Lent 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  Lord  Mayor  sits  (1.)  in  profile  to 
the  r.,  looking  towards  his  four  guests  and  smoking  an  enormous  pipe  with 
a  looped  stem,  the  bowl  inscribed  A  Present  from  Egupt.  Pitt  sits  haughtily 
in  the  centre,  saying:  /'//  smoke  the  Cits  again  with  another  Loan  very  soon. 
— Very  fine  Virginia  my  Lord!  On  the  r.  sit  together  Lady  Hamilton  in 
profile  to  the  r.,  and  Nelson,  who  watches  her  intently.  She  says:  Pho  the 
old  mans  pipe  is  allways  out,  but  yours  burns  with  full  vigour.  He  answers 
yes  yes  .  .  .  [&c.] ;  he  smokes  a  hookah.  A  thin  elderly  man  between  Pitt 
and  Staines  lights  his  (short)  pipe  from  a  guttering  candle  held  by  a  rough- 
looking  sailor  who  is  also  smoking  and  has  a  quid  in  his  bulging  cheek; 
the  latter  says:  Why  S^  Dilbery,  your  pipe  is  too  short,  'tis  quite  worn  out, 
it  wants  a  new  tip.  The  Mayor  says :  Yes  Sir  Dilbery  these  fighting  Tars 
make  a  cursed  deal  more  smoke  than  we  do.   The  other  answers:  Aye  my 

628 


POLITICAL  SATIRES  180O 

Lord  but  then  they  have  a  cursed  deal  more  fire  too — twig  the  Admiral. 
Spittoons  are  at  the  feet  of  the  smokers,  whose  words  issue  from  their 
mouths  in  clouds  of  smoke.  In  the  1,  corner  by  the  host  are  a  dog  on  its 
hind-legs  smoking  a  pipe  and  tins  inscribed  Orno  |  Hardham  \  Tohbaco. 

The  newly  elected  Lord  Mayor,  Sir  William  Staines,  was  noted  for  his 
plebeian  manners.  City  Biography,  1800,  p.  51.  Nelson  travelled  from 
Italy  via  Austria  with  the  Hamiltons,  his  infatuation  provoking  very 
adverse  comment.  See  D.N.B.  and  Letters  of  the  First  Earl  of  Malmesbury, 
1870,  ii.  22-4  (letters  of  1800  misdated  1806).  They  reached  England  on 
6  November. 
95^X13!  in. 

9551  THE  VISION  OF  THE  THREE  CATS,  A  FABLE. 

[PAnsell.] 

Pu¥  Dec^  5'*  1800  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly,  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  George  III  dressed  as  a  Turkish  sultan, 
as  in  No.  5544,  &c.,  reclines  asleep  on  a  pile  of  cushions  (r.),  supporting 
his  head  on  his  1.  hand.  In  his  r.  is  an  open  book :  A  List  of  Places  and 
Pensions  &c  &c  &c  \  This  red  book  will  partly  shew;  How  it  is  Our  millions 
Go.  On  the  r.  three  cats  sit  solidly  on  clouds,  one  (1.)  is  fat,  the  next  thin, 
the  third  (r.)  is  sturdy  but  has  closed  eyes.  Beneath  the  title:  Many  Years 
ago  a  Persian  Sultan  dreamed  he  saw  three  Cats — one  of  which  was  very  fat — 
— another  very  lean,  and  the  third  blind. — The  next  day  reflecting  on  the 
oddity  of  the  Vision — he  sent  for  a  certain  learned  Dervis,  who  gave  the  follow- 
ing brief  explanation — The  fat  Cat  represents  the  thriving  sate  [sic]  of  your 
Ministers, — the  lean  Cat  is  a  Symbol  of  the  People — and  the  blind  Cat,  is  an 
emblem  of  the  most  magnificent  Sultaun  himself. 

For  the  popular  view  that  the  King  should  not  be  passively  led  by  his 
Ministers,  cf.  Nos.  4883,  4957.  The  old  theme  of  ministerial  corruption 
had  been  relatively  quiescent  since  1782,  but  was  always  liable  to  recur  at 
times  of  dearth  (see  No.  9545,  &c.)  or  excitement,  and  did  so  in  1795, 
cf.  No.  8654.  For  the  Red  Book  (Royal  Kalendar)  cf.  No.  5657. 
8|Xisin. 

9552  TIMES  AS  THEY  WERE!    TIMES  AS  THEY  ARE!    [1800] 

[  ?  Woodward  del.] 

Engraving.  Copy  of  an  English  print,  pi.  N"  XX  to  London  und  Paris, 
vi,  1800  (explanatory  text,  pp.  244-54).  A  design  in  two  compartments 
each  with  a  sub-title:  [i]  The  depCTidant  Farmer.  A  farmer  in  a  smock, 
with  pitchfork,  holds  a  paper:  Take  Notice  you  are  hereby  ordered  to  quit 
the  Land  and  Tenements  at  Xmas  next  1600.  He  says  despairingly:  Alack 
I  must  leave  my  poor  Farm  which  was  Father's  &  Grandfathers  the  Squire 
has  sent  me  notice  to  Quit  as  he  is  going  to  turn  all  the  small  Farms  on  his 
Estate  into  one — Oh  there  be  sad  times  coming  on — Well  thank  God  Fve 
brought  up  my  Children  to  Industry  &  always  strove  to  do  Justice  to  my 
Fellow  Creature.  Oh!  these  Cramp  Words  make  my  Jaws  ache!  I  must  go 
to  Dicky  Gossip  he's  a  lawyer  as  well  as  a  Barber  &  shaves  at  the  Varsity. 
His  neat  and  comely  daughter  sits  facing  him,  her  back  to  a  tree  (r.),  work- 
ing at  bobbin-lace.  She  says :  Dont  break  your  Heart  Father — my  Brothers 

629 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

&  I  will  work  for  you.  In  the  background  a  young  man  is  ploughing  with 
oxen,  a  little  boy  leads  the  team. 

[2]  The  Independant  Farmer.  The  modern  farmer,  fashionably  dressed 
and  wearing  spurred  top-boots,  stands  with  folded  arms,  his  face  twisted 
in  an  ugly  scowl.   He  holds  a  paper:  Take  Notice  if  you  do  not  bring  your 

corn  to  Market  &  sell  at  the  price  I  shall  fix,  you  quit  the —  He  says :  D d 

Unlucky — lost  Five  Hundred  on  Diamond — well  never  mind — Fll  bring  it  up! 

Good  crop — well  rick'd — shall  fetch  a  price — D n  all  the  World — every 

man  for  himself — I  say — &  when  I  have  touched  the  Tickets  [bank-notes] 

the  Earl  &  his  Farm  May  be  Hy-Te-Toteled—that  is  D d  &  Bl d! 

In  the  background  two  fashionably  dressed  young  women  drive  in  a  gig 
towards  a  distant  race-course  (indicated  by  two  tiny  riders).  One,  who 
drives  the  pair  of  spirited  horses,  says:  curse  that  Letter  Fd  sooner  have 
heard  Corn  was  getting  cheap — I  shall  be  too  late  for  the  Race.  The  other 
says:  Papa  seems  Horryfied^  (she  uses  a  modish  jargon). 

A  satire  on  the  fashionable  farmer  who  apes  the  manners  of  the  gentry, 
lives  extravagantly,  and  is  alleged  to  be  profiteering  and  withholding  com 
from  the  market  at  a  time  of  dearth,  see  No.  9545,  &c. ;  he  is  the  result 
of  the  policy  of  consolidating  farms  (cf.  No.  6993),  here  attributed  to 
c.  1600,  and  the  (supposed)  elimination  of  the  small  farmer.  For  'Diamond' 
see  No.  9366. 
6x8|in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9553  JOHN  BULL  GETTING  THE  BETTER  OF  THE  BLUE 
DEVILS  [?  1800] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  sequel  to  No.  9391.  John  Bull,  a 
sturdy  artisan,  is  beset  by  blue  demons,  small  creatures  with  webbed 
wings,  satyrs'  ears,  and  barbed  tails.  He  swings  round  on  his  stool  to  seize 
by  the  tail  one  who  is  flying  off  (r.)  with  a  foaming  tankard ;  his  r.  hand 
clasps  a  loaf  of  bread  at  which  a  demon  (1.)  tugs  fiercely.  Before  him  (r.) 
three  march  off  carrying  respectively  a  side  of  bacon,  a  plum  pudding,  and 
a  sirloin.  Behind  John's  back  a  demon  on  the  table  walks  off  with  a  bottle 
of  Port  and  a  platter  of  cheese,  leaving  the  table  bare.  A  clumsy  knife  and 
fork  lie  on  the  ground.  Beneath  the  title: 

A  fig  for  Butter  Wine  and  Cheese 

John  Bull  will  never  fret  for  these 

His  Bacon  Pudding  and  Roast  Beef 

Has  been  purloined  by  many  a  thief 

But  hold  you  Hell's  forestalling  Crew 

Would  you  take  his  Bread  &  Porter  too 

To  part  with  these  believe  me  He 

Once  Rouse' d  full  match  for  you  will  be 
John  Bull  vanquishes  dearth  by  measures  against  forestallers,   see 
No.  9545,  &c. 
8|  X  1 1  in. 

9554  FRANCOIS  II,  PARTANT  POUR  LA  GUERRE,  RECOIT  DU 
PEUPLE  ANGLAIS,  LE  PRIX  DU  SANG  DE  SES  SUJETS. 

A  Paris,  chez  Martinet,  Rue  du  Coq  [?  1800] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).   A  companion  print  to  No.  9555.  John 
Bull  (1.),  obese,  unkempt,  and  plebeian,  dining  at  a  small  table,  turns  in 
»  The  O.E.D.  gives  'horrifying',  1791,  'horrified',  1836. 
630 


POLITICAL   SATIRES  1800 

his  chair  to  hand  a  money-bag,  inscribed  Pour  VAutriche,  to  the  Emperor, 
who  advances  to  take  it  in  a  mincing  manner.  He  says :  Laisse  mot  diner 
et  va  te  hattre  pour  moi,  contre  ces  enrages  de  frangais ;  in  his  r.  hand  is  a 
fork  on  which  is  a  chunk  of  food.  On  the  table  are  money-bags :  Pour  la 
Russie  and  Pour  la  Suede.  Behind  him  (1.)  is  a  curtain  through  which 
peeps  Pitt,  his  finger  to  his  nose,  saying:  Ne  pouvant  augmenter  notre 
population,  diminuons  celle  du  Continent.  The  Emperor  is  in  uniform,  his 
elegance  and  the  politeness  with  which  his  huge  cocked  hat  sweeps  the 
ground  make  a  striking  contrast  to  John  Bull.  The  scene  is  the  sea-shore ; 
bales  of  commerce  are  piled  behind  Pitt,  whose  cur  snarls  at  the  Emperor. 

A  subsidy  convention  for  ^^2,000,000  was  signed  at  Vienna  by  Lord 
Minto  on  20  June,  shortly  before  news  arrived  of  the  disaster  of  Marengo 
(14  June);  it  was  too  late  to  affect  military  operations,  but  served  to  pay 
part  of  the  debt  for  a  Habsburg  policy  which  had  been  fatal  to  the  Coalition. 
Camb.  Mod.  Hist.  i.  296-7.  See  No.  9544.  Similar  in  character  to  No.  9556. 

Listed  by  Broadley  (attributed  to  1805).' 
6iiX9|in. 


9555  FRANCOIS  II.  REVENANT  DE  LA  GUERRE  DEMANDS 
SA  SOLDE  DE  RETRAITE  AU  PEUPLE  ANGLAIS.2        [?  1800] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  9554.  John 
Bull  (r.)  sits  solidly  behind  his  dinner-table,  on  which  he  plants  his  fist 
aggressively.  The  Emperor,  wounded  and  ragged,  a  knapsack  and  a  frag- 
ment of  a  crown  at  his  back,  holds  out  a  hand  like  a  begging  soldier.  One 
arm  is  in  a  sling,  a  crutch  is  under  his  r.  arm,  and  a  wooden  leg  supports 
his  r.  knee ;  his  head  is  bandaged.  The  dog  befouls  his  crutch.  Bull  looks 
up  to  say:  Que-veux-tu,  malheureux?  rCas  tupas  recu  ton  salaire  vas  Ven  an 
diahle.  On  his  table  are  meat,  bottles,  and  a  punch-bowl.  Pitt  (r.)  stands 
behind  the  curtain,  his  back  to  Bull  and  the  Emperor,  his  knees  flexed, 
biting  his  finger  in  despair. 

In  September  1800,  Francis,  as  a  result  of  Marengo,  accepted  an 
armistice,  but  was  anxious  to  sign  no  treaty  without  the  concurrence  of 
England.  War  was  renewed  and  the  disaster  of  Hohenlinden  (2  Dec.) 
followed,  as  well  as  a  series  of  defeats  in  Italy,  which  led  to  the  catastrophic 
Peace  of  Luneville  (9  Feb.  1801).  Alternatively,  a  satire  on  Austerlitz. 
6Jxioin. 


9556  LA  GIROUETTE  ANGLAISE. 

Deposee  a  la  Biblio.     Chez  Martinet.  [?  1800] 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  George  III  stands 
between  two  men  who  drag  him  in  opposite  directions;  on  his  crown  is 
spiked  the  flag  of  a  weathercock  which  Pitt  (r.),  in  profile  to  the  1.,  blows 
with  a  pair  of  bellows.  An  Englishman  (1.)  in  court  dress,  wearing  a 
ribbon,  perhaps  intended  for  Malmesbury,  though  not  like  him,  pulls  the 
King  by  the  r.  arm;  a  sturdy  sailor  (r.)  wearing  striped  trousers  pulls  him 
in  the  opposite  direction.  Pitt's  bellows  rest  on  the  sailor's  head,  directing 
the  weathercock  to  the  1.  The  four  men  stand  on  a  narrow  strip  of  sand, 

*  The  B.M.  impressions  of  Nos.  9554,  9555  are  dated  (by  F.  G.  Stephens)  x8oo, 
but  the  allusion  to  Sweden  supports  Broadley's  date. 
^  Imprint  as  No.  9554. 

631 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

surrounded  by  the  sea.    Near  the  horizon  (1.),  on  a  hillock,  a  sturdy 
Gallic  cock  is  crowing,  as  he  watches  the  struggle. 

The  subject  is  obscure.  It  may  imply  that  England  is  divided  between 
a  peace  and  war  policy,  and  relate  to  Bonaparte's  overture,  see  No.  9512. 
It  may  relate  to  the  peace  negotiations  of  1796  or  1797,  see  Nos.  8829, 
9031,  or  to  the  overture  of  Jan.  1805.   Similar  in  character  to  Nos.  9554, 

9555- 
6|X9|m. 


63a 


i8oo 
PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES 

9557  « so    SKIFFY-SKIPT-ON,    WITH    HIS    WONTED 

GRACE—" 

Vide  Birthday  Ball.   See.  Morning  Herald.  JarC  20^^ 

[GiUray.] 

Pu¥  Fehv  I"*  1800 — hy  H.  Humphrey  2y  St  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Skeffington  skips  forward  (1.  to  r.) ;  his 
sharp-featured  profile  emerges,  grinning,  from  a  sharp-pointed  collar  and 
swathed  cravat.  His  hair  is  swept  forward  in  careful  disarray,  which,  with 
his  heavy  whisker,  goes  ill  with  the  black  bag  which  flies  outwards.  His 
dress  is  a  curious  hybrid  of  embroidered  court  dress  and  knee-breeches, 
with  the  recent  fashions  of  gathered  sleeves  ('Jean  de  Bry',  see  No.  9425), 
bulky  neck-cloth,  and  cut-away  tails  showing  bunches  of  seals.  Below  the 
neck-cloth  is  a  double  lace  shirt-frill.  See  No.  9440. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  270.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  472.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.y 
1830. 
9^x6fin. 

9558  A  PRINCE  OF  THE  OLD  SCHOOL. 
J^  Gillray  ad  viv:  fe(^ 

Pu¥  March  11'^  1800.  by  H.  Humphrey.  2y.  S^  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  elderly  man  walks  stiffly  in  profile 
to  the  r.  on  a  flagged  pavement.  Under  his  1.  arm  he  carries  horizontally 
a  large  umbrella.  In  his  (gloved)  r.  hand  is  a  glove.  He  wears  a  round  hat, 
his  straight  coat  is  not  of  modern  cut ;  his  straight  legs  are  engulfed  in  wide 
boots  of  Hessian  pattern  but  not  of  fashionable  shape.  He  wears  whiskers 
with  a  small  and  neat  side-curl  and  queue.  Beneath  the  design:  "There 
is  an  Easiness  of  Deportment^  and  an  Elegance  of  indescribable  Debonair,  about 
the  Beaus  of  |  "the  Old  School,  which  would  be  ridiculous  for  the  Puppies  of 
the  day  to  think  of  imitating'' — Lord  Chesterfield,  Letters. 

Boothby  Clopton,  known  at  White's  and  Boodle's  as  Prince  Boothby,  was 
an  eccentric  old  beau  who  shot  himself  after  having  wasted  a  large  fortune. 

Grego,  Gillray,  pp.  270-1.   Wright  and  Evans,  No.  469.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
9|X7|in. 

9559  "SYMPTOMS  OF  DEEP-THINKING." 
[Gillray.] 

Pub^  March  25**  1800,  by  H.  Humphrey,  S^  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Sir  Charles  Bunbury,  a  stout,  elderly, 
plainly  dressed  man,  walks  in  profile  to  the  1.,  staring  with  fierce  concentra- 
tion, one  hand  on  his  heart,  the  other  deep  in  his  breeches  pocket.  He 
steps  on  a  loose  flag-stone  from  which  a  fountain  of  mud  splashes  over  his 
stockings.  The  background  is  a  stone  wall ;  down  it  runs  a  pipe  from  which 
a  muddy  stream  gushes  on  to  the  pavement.  A  sign-post  points  To 
Sthephens  Chaple.  After  the  title:  — "Sinking  from  Thought  to  Thought, 
a  vast  prof  und" . 

633 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Bunbury  (1740-1821)  (6th  Bart.),  brother  of  the  artist,  M.P.  for  Suffolk 
for  forty-three  years,  was  a  staunch  Whig  but  a  silent  M.P.  He  was  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Jockey  Club,  see  No.  8071. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  270.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  266.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.^ 
1830. 
9iVX7is  in-  With  border,  9IX7I  in. 

9560  HOW  TO  RIDE  WITH  ELEGANCE  THRO'  THE  STREETS. 
[Gillray.] 

Published  April  5'*  1800.  by  H  Humphrey.  2y  S^  Jameses  Street, 
London 

Engraving.  A  handsome  and  fashionable  young  man  rides  a  spirited  horse 
in  profile  to  the  1.  over  a  pavement  of  small  stones.  He  is  round-shouldered 
and  rides  with  hands  and  feet  thrust  forward,  a  cane  resting  on  his  r. 
shoulder.   Beneath  the  title: 

"Tis  not  in  Mortals  to  command  Success, 

"Arrah  "But  we'll  do  more  Sempronius, — we'll  desarve  it" — 

Montagu  Mathew,  second  son  of  the  first  earl  of  Landaff,  an  Irish  peer 
of  Thomastown.'  He  has  been  identified  with  his  elder  brother,  but  this 
is  corrected  by  Lord  Holland.   He  died  20  Mar.  1819,  a  Major-General. 

The  original  water-colour,  by  an  amateur,  closely  followed  by  Gillray,  is 
in  the  Print  Room.  The  inscription  lacks  the  'Arrah',  and  'deserve',  is 
correctly  spelt.  The  horse's  near  fore-leg  is  severely  gashed  by  the  rider's 
spur.   (201.  c.  6/30.) 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  271.    Wright  and  Evans,  No.  379*.    Reprinted, 
G.W.G.,  1830. 
ii|X9fin. 

9561  [CAPTAIN  TOWNSEND.] 
f  Gillray  d:  ^  fe& 

1800.  Published  May  ig^^  by  H.  Humphrey,  S^  James  s  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  (No  title.)  A  thin 
officer  in  profile  to  the  1.  stands  on  a  flagged  pavement,  his  feet  splayed 
outwards,  r.  hand  on  hip,  holding  one  glove  in  his  (gloved)  1.  hand.  He 
wears  an  enormous  busby  and  sabre. 

He  is  Captain  Samuel  Irwyn  Townsend,  of  the  ist  Grenadier  Guards, 
one  of  the  regular  promenaders  in  St.  James's  Street.  He  died  21  Oct.  1849 
aged  74. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  zyi.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  476.  Reprinted,  G.PF.G., 
1830. 
9|X7|in. 

9562  [MR.  FRANCO.] 
jf'  Gillray  des  &f 

Pu¥  May  25'*  1800,  by  H.  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street — 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  (No  title.)  A  stout  youngish  man, 
fashionably  dressed  and  wearing  boots  of  Hessian  pattern,  walks  in  profile 
to  the  r.,  on  a  flagged  pavement.  His  nose  is  exaggeratedly  Jewish  and  in  the 
'  The  family  is  not  to  be  confused  with  that  of  Matthews  of  Herefordshire,  one 
of  whom  was  cr.  Viscount  LlandafF,  1895,  the  peerage  becoming  extinct  on  his 
death.  There  is  believed  to  be  some  connexion  between  the  families.  G.  E.  C, 
Complete  Peerage. 

634 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES 1800 

roadway  are  pigs  (1.  and  r.)  scampering  off,  only  their  hind-quarters  visible, 
said  to  indicate  the  converted  Jew. 

This  'Mr.  Franco',  said  to  be  well  known  on  the  turf,  is  conjecturally 
identified  by  Mr.  Rubens  as  Jacob,  elder  brother  of  Abraham  Franco,  and 
uncle  of  Ralph  Franco,  later  Sir  R.  Lopes. 

Wright  and  Evans,  No.  467.  Rubens,  No.  98.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.,  1830. 
9fX7|in. 

9563  A  STANDING-DISH  AT  BOODLES.* 
[Gillray.] 

Pub'^  May  28^^  1800.  by  H.  Humphrey  2y  St.  James's  Street 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  elderly  man  (T.Q.L.)  sits  astride 
across  a  chair,  his  arms  folded  on  its  back ;  he  wears  a  hat  and  holds  a  cane ; 
his  head  is  turned  in  profile  to  the  1.,  and  is  seen  through  the  wide-open  sash 
of  a  window  in  Boodle's,  St.  James's  Street.  On  the  wall  behind  (1.)  is 
a  portrait  of  a  horse:  Yellow  Filly.  Beneath  the  imprint:  *  Vide:  ad .  .  .'d 
good  Cocoa-Tree  Pun. 

Sir  Frank  Standish  of  Duxbury,  Lancashire,  was  born  c.  1746,  and  died 
unmarried  in  18 12,  when  the  baronetcy  became  extinct. 

The  original  water-colour  by  an  amateur  is  in  the  Print  Room.  The 
walking-stick  is  absent  and  only  the  r.  part  of  the  portrait  of  the  horse  is 
shown.  No  title.   Size  3^X2^  in.  (201.  c.  6/31.) 

Grego,  G///rfly,  p.  271.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  464.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
7ii X  5i  in.  With  border,  8|  X  6^  in. 

9564  A  MILITARY  SKETCH,  OF  A  GILT  STICK,  OR  POKER 
EMBLAZONED. 

[Gillray.] 

Pu¥  June  iP^  1800.  by  H.  Humphrey  2y  S^  James's  Street 
Engraving.  Major-General  Lord  Cathcart  stands  stiffly  in  profile  to  the  1. 
His  features  are  blunt  and  ugly.  He  wears  court  dress  with  a  military  cast, 
heavily  gold  laced,  and  a  long  pigtail.   His  r.  hand  rests  on  the  head  of  a 
gold-headed  cane.   A  figured  carpet  and  bare  wall  complete  the  design. 

Cathcart  (1755-1843),  a  distinguished  officer,  vice-admiral  of  Scotland, 
Colonel  of  the  2nd  Life  Guards,  succeeded  Lord  Amherst  as  Gold  Stick 
in  1797.  D.N.B.   See  No.  9019. 

The  original  water-colour,  by  an  amateur,  with  the  same  title,  is  in  the 
Print  Room.  Gillray  has  altered  the  shape  of  the  legs,  making  them  shape- 
less posts  like  those  he  gives  Lord  Salisbury,  and  has  elongated  the  shoes. 
Beneath  is  written:  'Hint — ^The  Legs  a  little  too  short  but  not  to  alter  the 
length  of  the  coat.'  The  figure  is  on  a  smaller  scale.  (201.  c.  6/33.) 

Giego,  Gillray,  p.  zyi.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  460.  Reprinted,  G.PT.G., 
1830. 
9  X  7  in.  With  border,  9f  X  7I  in. 

9565  THE  COMFORTS  OF  A  RUMFORD  STOVE; 

Vide  ly  G — rn — ts  Lectures 

J^  Gillray  des  &  fec^  ad  vivum 

Pu¥June  12'^  1800.  by  H.  Humphrey.  2y  S^  James's  Street 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Count  Rumford  stands  in  profile  to  the 
r.,  smiling;  he  pulls  aside  his  coat-tails  to  warm  his  back  at  the  fire.  The 

635 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

fire-place  has  a  small  rectangular  aperture,  set  low,  the  grate  triangular  in 
shape  and  resembling  a  modem  fire-place.  His  shadow  falls  vertically 
across  the  fire  (which  emits  much  black  smoke)  and  resembles  a  cloud  of 
smoke.  On  the  small  high  chimney-piece  are  a  coffee-pot  with  a  wide  base 
and  long  handle,  and  a  round  cooking-pot.  He  grins  with  satisfaction,  his 
profile  is  drink-blotched,  and  he  wears  (inconspicuously)  a  parti-coloured 
ribbon.  His  boots  are  of  the  fashionable  Hessian  pattern.  A  carpet  and 
bare  panelled  walls  complete  the  design. 

Benjamin  Thompson  (1753-1816),  American  loyalist,  was  cr.  Graf 
von  Rumford  by  the  Elector  of  Bavaria.  He  was  a  man  of  science,  and 
an  inventor  of  practical  domestic  appliances,  being  much  concerned  with 
the  cooking  of  food,  the  economical  heating  of  houses,  and  the  curing  of 
smoky  chimneys.  One  of  his  essays  was  On  the  Art  of  making  Coffee.  The 
allusion  to  Gamett's  Lectures  shows  that  he  is  satirized  as  founder  (and 
dictator)  of  the  Royal  Institution,  1799:  in  Oct.  1799  Thomas  Garnett 
was  appointed  professor  of  natural  philosophy  and  chemistry,  and  was  to 
give  lectures  to  a  fashionable  audience.  He  soon  got  into  difficulties  with 
Rumford  and  the  Managers ;  he  printed  a  summary  of  the  lectures  to  be 
delivered  which  was  disowned  by  the  Managers  on  2  Feb.  1801.  At  the 
Institution  Rumford  installed  a  kitchen  displaying  new  cooking-contri- 
vances; he  soon  fell  out  with  the  Managers  and  left  England  in  May  i8oi 
for  Munich.  See  also  Gillray's  print  of  a  lecture  at  the  Institution: 
Scientific  Researches  .  .  .,  23  May  1802.  Both  prints  are  doubtless  those 
mentioned  in  a  letter  of  Rumford,  19  July  1802,  to  Sir  Joseph  Banks;  this 
one  is  'certainly  .  .  .  not  designed  to  give  me  pleasure'.  Bence  Jones, 
The  Royal  Institution,  1871,  pp.  69-205  passim. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  271.  Wright  andEvans,  No.  459.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9lX7f  in. 

9566  GEORGEY  IN  THE  COAL-HOLE. 
y^  Gillray  inv.  &  fee. 

Publishdjuly  J*'  1800^  by  H  Humphrey  27  S^  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  interior  of  a  small  brick  shed  in 
which  coal  is  heaped.  George  Hanger,  in  profile  to  the  1.,  thin,  and  in 
tattered  but  fashionable  clothes,  carries  a  sack  towards  the  doorway  through 
which  a  coal-cart  is  seen. 

Hanger  was  much  caricatured  in  1786  and  later  as  a  disreputable  com- 
panion of  the  Prince  of  Wales.  He  was  a  debtor  in  the  King's  Bench, 
June  1798-Apr.  1799,  and  in  1800  set  up  as  a  coal-man.  D.N.B. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  271.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  463.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.  Reproduced,  J.  Ashton,  FlorizeVs  Folly,  1899,  p.  53. 
9|X7f  in. 

9567  ARMED  AT  BOTH  POINTS,  (UNLESS  YOU  KEEP  ALOOF,) 
WITH  SWORD  OR  PENCIL  HE  CAN  TAKE  YOU  OFF. 

Puhlishd  by  W  Brown  King  S^  April,  5,  1800. 

Engraving.  An  officer  in  uniform,  wearing  cocked  hat  and  boots,  stands 
in  back  view,  head  turned  in  profile  to  the  r.,  holding  out  in  his  r.  hand 
a  pencil,  which  is  pointed  at  some  adversary,  in  the  manner  of  a  duelling- 
pistol. 

636 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES  1800 

Probably  General  Davies,  see  No.  9442,  to  whom  there  is  some  resem- 
blance.  Sometimes  identified  as  Marquess  Townshend. 
6|  X  4  in. 

9568  [UNIDENTIFIED  MILITARY  OFFICER.] 
Pub  by  M^  Cleary.  Nassau  Str^  [Dublin]  Jany  1800. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  military  officer,  very  obese,  stands  in 
profile  to  the  r.  He  wears  a  small  cocked  hat,  spectacles  and  boots,  and 
his  coat  is  double-breasted,  suggesting  that  a  copyist  has  treated  the  waist- 
coat as  the  coat. 

The  stippled  head  and  the  design  suggest  an  adaptation  from  Kay: 
there  is  some  resemblance  to  a  portrait  (1798)  of  John  Rose  of  Holme, 
in  the  uniform  of  the  Grant  Fencibles  (Kay,  No.  cccxxvii). 
7X5iiin. 

9569  JAMES  GILLRAY.  |  THE  CARICATURIST.  [?c.  1800] 

[Gillray.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  bust  portrait  of  Gillray  directed  to 
the  r.  and  looking  (1.)  at  the  spectator.  It  closely  resembles,  but  is  not 
identical  with,  the  miniature  of  himself  in  the  National  Portrait  Gallery, 
twice  engraved  and  often  reproduced.  The  background  is  a  wall  on  which 
are  prints  by  Gillray:  behind  his  head  (1.)  is  No.  7867  (1791),  of  Paine 
measuring  the  Crown ;  the  pendant  is  No.  8659.  Both  are  reversed.  Four 
other  prints,  two  above  and  two  below,  are  merely  indicated. 

The  original  pencil  drawing  is  in  the  Print  Room.  The  design  is  oval, 
the  head  is  directed  to  the  1.,  and  the  prints  are  not  reversed.  (5I X  4jg  in.) 
c.  5|X4iin.  PI.  6|x5in. 

9570  PUBLIC  CHARACTERS  [?c.  1800] 

[Rowlandson.] 

Photograph  of  an  etching.  Heads  of  well-known  people,  arranged  in  a 
medley,  placed  behind  lines  intersecting  diagonally  which  simulate  crossed 
tapes  forming  a  rack  for  cards  or  letters.  With  a  few  exceptions  they  are 
hardly  caricatured.  In  the  centre  Fox  (1.)  and  Pitt  (r.)  face  each  other 
in  profile,  Pitt  slightly  above  Fox  and  looking  down  at  him.  Between  them, 
Tierney  looks  out  with  a  sly  expression.  Next  him,  and  just  above  Fox, 
is  the  profile  of  Sheridan,  looking  up  to  the  r.  Above  these  two  are  a  parson, 
with  a  distinctive  profile,  and  a  lawyer,  ( ?)  Loughborough.  Above  these 
two  and  on  the  upper  margin  are  Lady  Archer  (1.)  and  Queensberry  (r.) 
facing  each  other  in  profile,  the  latter  peering  through  his  quizzing-glass. 

Below  Fox  is  Burdett,  below  Pitt,  Grenville,  both  in  profile  to  the  r. 
The  latter  faces  a  plump  lady,  possibly  Lady  Buckinghamshire.  Below 
her  in  profile  to  the  r.  is  Mrs.  Siddons.  In  the  upper  r.  portion  of  the 
design  are  five  heads :  above,  his  back  to  Queensberry,  is  Norfolk,  smoking 
a  long  pipe.  Below  him  is  George  Hanger,  his  bludgeon  under  his  arm. 
Next  him  (1.)  a  lady,  perhaps  the  Duchess  of  Devonshire.  Below  them  are 
two  men,  one  unidentified,  the  other,  in  profile  to  the  1.  and  on  the  extreme 
r.  of  the  design,  is  Erskine. 

In  the  upper  comer  are  two  men  in  Spanish  dress,  with  feathered  hats, 
apparently  actors;  the  profile  of  one  (1.)  suggests  John  Kemble;  the  other 
may  be  his  brother  Charles.  Below  these  are  three  men  in  profile  to  the 

637 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

1.:  Lord  Hood,  with  an  exaggerated  nose  as  in  No.  7364,  Richmond,  and 
Thurlow,  the  last  back  to  back  with  Fox  (cf.  No.  7398).  Below,  a  couple 
gaze  into  each  other's  eyes,  one  resembles  Lord  Granville  Leveson  Gower, 
the  other  is  not  unlike  Lady  Bessborough.  Above  the  former's  head  is  an 
unidentified  man's  profile. 

Of  eight  heads  across  the  lower  part  of  the  design  three  only  can  be 
identified  with  certainty:  Van  Butchell  (see  No.  8342)  with  a  thick  beard, 
Derby  in  profil  perdu,  and  Lord  Moira  in  a  high  cocked  hat.  A  good- 
looking  young  man,  full-face,  may  be  Bedford.  The  others  are  a  handsome 
young  man  looking  through  a  glass,  a  sleek  parson,  an  elderly  man  with 
an  aquiline  profile,  a  younger  one  with  blunt  plebeian  features,  perhaps 
Wilberforce. 

Apparently  a  satire  on  the  outline  portrait  heads  which  form  a  frontis- 
piece to  the  earlier  volumes  of  Public  Characters,  published  annually  by 
Richard  Phillips  from  1799  to  1809. 

A  companion  print,   Odd-Characters,  contains  grotesque  heads,  the 
exaggeration  of  types  with  no  attempt  at  portraiture. 
Original  (A.  de  R.  ii.  150),  c.  15IX  12  in. 

9571  LADY  H*******  [HAMILTON'S]  ATTITUDES.      [?c.  1800] 

[Rowlandson.] 

Engraving.  A  good-looking  young  man  (r.)  looking  through  a  quizzing- 
glass,  draws  in  charcoal  from  a  nude  model  who  stands  on  a  low  pedestal, 
one  foot  resting  on  a  tazza.  In  her  r.  hand  she  holds  out  a  piece  of  draper}'. 
Her  1.  arm  is  thrown  across  her  head ;  in  her  1.  hand  is  a  satyr's  mask.  Her 
figure  is  drawn  on  the  artist's  drawing-board.  An  old  man  ( ?  Hamilton), 
smiling  down  at  the  artist,  holds  aside  a  curtain.  In  the  background  (r.) 
a  satyr  embraces  a  nymph.  In  the  foreground  are  two  heads,  fragments 
of  classical  sculpture,  a  man  and  woman,  in  close  proximity.  The  only 
title  is  the  inscription  on  a  portfolio  beside  the  artist. 

A  set  of  twelve  'Drawings  faithfully  copied  from  Nature  at  Naples'  by 
F.  Rehberg,  published  by  Fores  in  1794,  represents  Lady  Hamilton  in  her 
famous  attitudes,  wearing  Greek  draperies.  These  were  burlesqued  in 
1807,  the  subject  being  altered  from  a  slim  young  woman  to  a  very  fat 
elderly  one;  published  by  Humphrey  as  *A  New  Edition  Considerably 
enlarged,  of  Attitudes  faithfully  copied  from  Nature  .  .  .',  presumably  the 
book  advertised  at  Humphrey's  sale  in  1835  as  'Lady  Hamilton's  Attitudes' 
(B.M.L.  1753.  b.  3,  4).  Studies  of  Academic  Attitudes,  with  a  nude  reclining 
figure,  is  depicted  in  Gillray's  Dido  in  Despair!  (1801),  see  vol.  viii. 

Reproduced,  Fuchs  und  Kind,  Die  Weiberherrschaft,  1913,  i.  153. 
9|x6|in. 

9572  THE  SCULPTOR 

[Preparation  for  the  Academy,  Old  Joseph  Nollekens  and  his  Venus.]' 
Rowlandson  inv.  \c.  1800] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Nollekens  (r.)  puts  the  finishing  touches 
to  a  small  Venus  with  Cupid  on  her  knee,  which  stands  on  a  modelling- 
table.  He  peers  through  his  glasses  at  his  beautiful  nude  model  (1.). 
Behind,  in  a  crowded  corner  of  the  studio,  are  three  life-size  antique 
statues :  Apollo,  between  two  female  figures.  Roman  bas-reliefs  are  on  the 
walls,  and  classical  fragments  are  on  the  ground,  on  one  of  which  the  model 
'  Title  in  Grego.   B.M.  impression  cropped. 

638 


PERSONAL  AND   SOCIAL  SATIRES  1800 

rests  her  feet.   On  the  extreme  r.  is  a  portrait  bust  of  a  lady.   His  tools, 
plumb-line,  &c.,  lie  on  the  ground. 

The  eccentric  and  uncouth  Nollekens  was  a  trafficker  in  antiques,  putting 
fragments  together;  the  models  for  his  Venuses  were  a  cause  of  jealousy  to 
his  wife.  The  group  at  which  he  works  is  Venus  chiding  Cupid,  exhibited 
at  the  R.A.  in  1773.  See  J.  T.  Smith,  Nollekens  and  his  Times,  ed.  W. 
Whitten,  1920,  i.  10-13,  92,  207.   Reproduction,  ibid,  i.  189. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  16-19  (reproduction). 
1 1 X  8|  in. 

9573  MEMBER  OF  THE  SCAMP  HUNT  AND  PRESIDENT  OF 
THE  CLUB  I  THREE  TIMES  THREE  ]  STANDING       [?c.  1800] 

Engraving.  Unidentified  caricature  portrait.  An  obese  man  stands  in 
profile  to  the  1.,  holding  out  a  large  goblet  of  Hollands;  he  says:  and  tally 
ho  the  Ounds  Sir.  Cumb — heres  Old  Renolds.  In  his  1.  hand  is  a  pipe.  He 
wears  an  elaborately  braided  short  jacket  or  tunic,  with  boots  to  the  knee, 
the  lower  part  of  the  legs  cut  off  by  the  lower  margin.  Objects  denoting 
the  room  of  a  hunt-club  in  a  public  house  fill  the  background:  a  cask  of 
Smuggled  Spirits,  a  large  jar  of  Gin,  a  dish  of  nuts  with  a  large  nut-cracker 
in  the  form  of  a  comic  head  in  profile  inscribed  members  nut  Crackers.  On 
the  wall,  besides  spurs,  &c.,  are  four  pictures:  two  of  ill-formed  horses: 
Karkidge  the  porperty  of  the  member  and  Black  Rubbin ;  a  fox:  Old  Renolds; 
a  mongrel  hound :  Darkwin  Property  of  the  Member.  Beside  the  man  are 
three  dogs  of  uncertain  breed :  Moongo,  Warmont  and  Moosick.  Apparently 
the  work  of  an  amateur.  Some  inscriptions  have  not  been  transcribed. 
i3X8f  in.  (pi.). 

9574  THE  NEW  BLENHEIM  DROP  OR  PATENT  PEGS   FOR 
IMPERTINENT  PUPPIES 

[Ansell.] 

Pu¥Jany  2  J  1800  by  S  W  Fores  50  Piccadilly 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  coffee-house  or  tavern.  Two  men  drink  wine 
at  a  table  on  the  extreme  1.  Two  stand  beside  the  semicircular  bar  (rr) 
behind  which  stands  a  buxom  woman.  On  the  wall  which  forms  a  back- 
ground are  three  pegs,  inscribed  respectively:  (1.  to  t.)  for  little  puppies, 
for  great  puppies,  for  overgrown  puppies.  To  the  first,  which  is  the  lowest, 
is  hitched  by  the  back  of  his  coat,  a  small  man  wearing  top-boots,  who 
struggles  to  free  himself.  A  large  man  at  the  table  points  to  him,  saying: 
as  you're  too  small  a  breed  d'ye  see  to  bestow  a  tharshing  [sic]  upon,  and  brew- 
ing your  bones  will  not  be  discarnable.  Stand  there  my  little  Magpye  till  you 
can  hold  your  impertinent  Tongue.  All  smile ;  a  waiter  (r.)  is  broadly  amused. 
The  victim  is  Lord  Kirkcudbright.  He  was  very  small,  noted  for  vanity 
and  foppery,  and  was  caricatured  by  Gillray  in  Lordly  Elevation  (6  Jan. 
1802).  The  title  suggests  that  the  speaker  may  be  the  Marquis  of  Blandford 
(or  one  of  his  brothers) ;  he  does  not  resemble  Gillray's  caricature  of  Bland- 
ford  (9  Mar.  1803). 
8^X13  J  in. 

9575  A  CHARGE  AT  ASCOT  1800.    CLEAR  THE  COURSE!  OR 
VIRTUE  IN  DANGER. 

Published  by  J.  Harris  July  1 1800  No  2g  Gerrard  S^  Soho 

Engraving.   Lord  Clermont  (1.)  gallops  (r.  to  1.)  on  a  white  pony,  closely 
followed  by  a  tall  trooper  with  a  drawn  sword  on  a  large  horse.  A  little 

639 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

chimney-sweep  has  fallen  on  his  back  by  the  trooper's  horse,  dropping  his 
brush  and  shovel.   Behind  are  rails  and  a  green  slope. 

Clermont  (1722- 1806)  was  looked  upon  as  the  father  of  the  Turf;  he 
is  recognizable  from  a  caricature  portrait  of  1780,  No.  5754. 

The  imprint  has  been  scored  through  and  replaced  by:  Published 
June  26^^  1802,  by  H.  Humphrey  S*  James's  Street. 
8fxi4f  in. 

9576  MODERN  MARRIAGE  A  LA  MODE 

SWEET  FRUITS  OF  THE  THIRD  HONEY  MOON!! 

[I.  Cruikshank.] 

Pub.  by  S  W  Fores.  50  Piccadilly  May  6 — 1800  Folios  of  Caricatures 
Lent. 

Engraving.  A  tall,  good-looking  man,  with  long  horns  on  his  forehead, 
puts  a  ring  on  the  finger  of  a  young  woman,  who  turns  aside  to  point  up 
at  a  high  alcove,  serving  as  an  altar,  in  which  are  the  torso  of  a  grinning 
satyr  and  two  goats.  Her  dress  closely  defines  her  figure.  Behind  her  (1.) 
is  a  woman  veiled  in  a  shroud.  Behind  the  bridegroom  are  three  weeping 
young  women. 

Evidently  a  satire  on  the  third  marriage  of  Lord  Abercorn,  3  Apr.  1800, 
to  Lady  Anne  Hatton.  The  other  persons  must  be  his  first  wife  Catherine 
(Copley),  who  died  in  1791,  and  her  three  daughters:  Harriot  Margaret, 
Katharine  Elizabeth,  and  Maria.  His  second  wife,  Cecil  Hamilton  (his 
cousin),  ran  away  in  1798  with  Joseph  Copley,  his  brother-in-law,  and  was 
divorced  in  1799.  Abercorn  was  nicknamed  Bluebeard.  By  this  marriage 
to  'one  of  the  greatest  matches  in  the  kingdom'  Lady  Anne  was  rescued 
'from  neglect,  poverty  and  discredit'.  Lady  Holland's  Journal,  ii.  56.  In 
1807  Abercorn  invited  'half  the  Ladies  of  the  Town'  to  a  masquerade  given 
by  his  wife.  Corr.  of  Lord  G.  Leveson  Gower,  ii.  256. 
11^X15!  in. 

9577  THE  MAN  OF  FEELING,  IN  SEARCH  OF  INDISPENSIBLES ; 
—A  SCENE  AT  THE  LITTLE  FRENCH  MILLENERS. 

y^  Gillray,  inv^  &  fee* 

Pu¥  Feby  12*^  1800.  by.  H.  Humphrey  2y  St  James's  Street 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Beneath  the  title:  NB.  A  number  of 
disputes  having  arisen  in  the  Beau  Monde,  respecting  the  Exact  Situation  of 
the  Ladies  Indispensibles  (or  new  Invented  Pockets)  whether  they  were  placed 
at  the  Ancle,  or  in  a  more  elegible  situation, — the  above  Search  took  place, 
in  order  to  determine  precisely  the  Longitude  of  these  inestimable  conveniences. 
Girls,  fashionably  dressed,  sit  sewing  round  a  large  table.  In  the  fore- 
ground the  elephantine  Prince  of  Orange  kneels,  feeling  the  leg  of  two  girls 
on  his  r.  and  1. ;  they  throw  up  their  arms  and  scream.  The  others  look 
on,  amused  or  astonished.  The  mistress  of  the  establishment  enters  by  the 
door  (r.),  elaborately  and  indecorously  dressed,  a  feathered  bonnet  in  her 
hand.  On  the  wall  hang  cloaks,  feathers,  a  hat,  &c.,  and  on  a  shelf  is  a  bust 
wearing  a  feathered  hat.  A  placard:  le  Magasin  de  Lancastre pour  Embellir 
les  Dames  Angloise  [sic] — Indispencibles.  One  of  these  pockets  is  on  the 
ground,  a  girl  works  at  another.  They  are  flat  trimmed  bags  on  ribbons, 
with  vertical  slits. 

The  fashionable  substitute  for  a  pocket,  necessary  because  of  trans- 
parent dresses  moulding  the  figure,  was  the  reticule  or  'ridicule*,  called  also 

640 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  180O 

in  Paris  the  halantine,  which  was  carried  in  the  hand  and  dangled  to  the 
ankle.  For  the  Prince  of  Orange  cf.  No.  8822. 
9^X14  in. 

9578  A  SCENE  AT  MOTHER  OLIVERS. 

[Gillray.]  [i8oo]» 

Aquatint  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  A  coarse  bedroom  scene, 
Sir  F.  Standish  with  a  courtesan.    On  the  wall  is  a  framed  picture  of  a 
horse,  Eagle,  inscribed  Damme  there's  the  Horse  that  trimm'd  these  West 
India  Fellows. 
9|xi3f  in. 

9579  HE  HAS  LOCKED  UP  ALL  MY  TREASURE 
Cawse^ 

Publish^  Fehy  lo^^  1800  by  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  small  thin  man,  probably  Queens- 
berry,  stands  between  two  buxom  courtesans,  his  hands  muffled  and  pad- 
locked, a  larger  padlock  hanging  below  the  waist.  A  parson  walks  off  (1.) 
by  a  sign-post  pointing  To  Kezo ;  he  looks  round  triumphantly  holding  up 
a  key.  The  words  spoken  have  not  been  transcribed. 
loX  15  in. 

9580  OLD  MAIDS  IN  THE  NEXT  WORLD  CHANGED  INTO 
POST  HORSES  WITH  OLD  BACHELORS  DRIVING  THEM. 

[G.  M.  Woodward  del.] 

London  Pub  by  W.  Holland,  N"  50  Oxford  Street,  March  20,  1800, 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  Well-known  men  ride  (1.  to  r.)  horses 
with  the  heads  of  old  women  which  they  scourge  mercilessly.  There  is  a 
background  of  craggy  mountains  silhouetted  against  flames  in  which 
demons  fly.  The  central  and  most  prominent  figure  is  Fox,  before  him 
rides  Pitt,  and  on  the  extreme  r.  is  the  Duke  of  Bedford  wearing  a  star. 
In  the  foreground  (1.)  is  George  Hanger  with  his  club,  whose  mount  has 
fallen  and  looks  round  at  him  despairingly.  Behind  him  is  the  Duke  of 
Queensberry  wearing  a  star;  on  the  extreme  1.  is  the  stiff  Lord  Moira. 

Fox's  marriage  to  Mrs.  Armistead  (1795)  was  unknown  even  to  his 
friends  until  he  announced  it  on  going  to  France  in  July  1802. 
iifXiyiin. 

A  companion  plate,  not  in  B.M.,  is  Old  Bachellors  in  the  next  World 
changed  into  post  horses  with  old  maids  driving  them.  Pub :  Holland,  7  Nov. 
1800.  The  heads  do  not  appear  to  be  portraits.  (A.  de  R.  viii.  104-5.) 

9581  PRIVATE  TUITION  |  A  PAIR  OF  PORTRAITS 
MC  Temple  deV 

Published  by  H  Humphrey  N"  2^  S*  James's  Street  July  5'*  1800 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  elderly  'cit'  in  old-fashioned 
dress,  mops  his  forehead  despairingly ;  a  damaged  foot  from  which  he  has 
removed  a  tiny  shoe  rests  on  a  low  stool.  A  dancing-master  (1.)  plays  the 
fiddle  and  poses  on  one  toe.  On  the  ground  (r.)  is  a  board  on  which  are 
nailed  parallel  strips  of  wood,  converging  at  an  obtuse  angle ;  on  the  1.  is 

'  So  dated  in  pencil. 
*  In  reversed  characters. 

641  Tt 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

an  open  music-book:  Oh  what  a  Beau  my  Grany.   Between  the  two  lines 
of  the  title: 

Come  and  trip  it  as  ye  go  \  on  your  light  elastic  toe 
Beneath  the  design:  Pupil.  Damme  Tkf  Ketch  Scrath  what's  your  Name 
{Fritch  I  believe)  if  them  there  Steps  asnt  more  fitter  for  Monkeys  to  learn  then 
Men.  Master.  Oh  lud  now  my  Z)*"  Sir  I  protest  they  are  quite  the  go  not  a 
Week  since  they  arrived  from  Paris  all  the  fashionable  World's  running  mad 
with  them  come  try  again  Sir  only  look  at  me.  Pupil  Sir  I  can  look  at  nothing 
this  Moment  but  my  ozon  Toes  Lord  Lord  who  could  ever  suppose  as  a  Bodys 
Feet  co^  be  crammed  into  such  dammed  bits  of  Shoes  as  them 

Oh  what  a  Simpleton  was  I  &c 
Cho^  I  could  lay  me  down  and  cry 

Some  Plague  bezoitched  me  thats  for  sure 
SJxS/g  in.  With  border,  9x9  in. 

9582  THE  LOYAL  DUCKING,  OR  RETURNING  FROM  THE 
REVIEW  ON  THE  FOURTH  OF  JUNE,  1800 

Cruikshank  del 

Pub  by  SW  Fores  N"  $0  Piccadilly  June  5  1800 — Folios  of  Caricatures 

Lent 
Engraving  (coloured'  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Men  and  women,  in 
summer  dresses,  hurry  (r.  to  1.)  through  drenching  rain,  mud-spattered 
almost  to  the  waist.  In  the  centre  a  young  man  holds  up  a  large  umbrella, 
a  young  woman  on  each  arm.  He  wears  tight-fitting  pantaloons  to  the 
ankle,  and  says :  Oh  Lud  my  poor  Pantaloons  quite  dish'd.  A  stout  woman 
in  back  view  (1.),  skirts  kilted  above  the  knee,  holds  up  a  fan  to  protect  her 
head,  saying.  Bless  me  I  hope  I  dont  shew  my  Legs.  A  'cit'  and  his  wife  walk 
arm-in-arm,  she  says :  Why  my  Dearee  I  cant  carry  this  load  of  Rain  & 
dirt  and  Drag  you  too.  On  the  extreme  r.  a  scantily  draped  young  woman 
tries  to  protect  her  head  with  a  small  parasol  on  a  jointed  stick  (cf.  No. 
8754),  saying.  What  will  my  Lord  say  to  this.  A  man  wearing  a  star 
(Queensberry)  stares  at  her  back  through  an  eye-glass,  saying.  Well  this 
is  a  review  indeed.  A  half-drowned  dog  (1.)  drags  itself  along.  In  the  back- 
ground are  other  figures,  some  with  umbrellas.  (Some  inscriptions  have 
not  been  transcribed.) 

The  review  in  Hyde  Park  by  the  King  of  all  the  volunteer  corps  of 
London  and  Westminster  together  with  the  Surrey  Yeomanry  was  a  very 
grand  affair,  marred  by  very  bad  weather.  See  Lond.  Chron.,  31  May, 
5  June  1800.  It  was  similar  to  but  more  comprehensive  than  the  Birthday 
Review  of  1799  (when  there  were  sixty-six  corps),  see  A  Plan  of  Hyde  Park 
[showing]  . . .  an  Event  unequalled  in  History y  Grand  and  highly  gratifying  to 
the  Heart  of  every  Briton;  at  the  same  time  truly  formidable  to  the  Enemies 
of  this  Country.  Pub.  20  Sept.  1799.  (In  Print  Room.)  For  ladies'  trans- 
parent dresses  cf.  No.  9457,  &c. 
9ixi3^in. 

9583  WALTZER  AU  MOUCHOIR. 
[Gillray.] 

London.  Published  JarC  2cf^  1800,  by  H.  Humphrey ^  27,  iS*  James's 

Street. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).   A  couple  dance  in  an  assembly-room; 
the  man,  active  and  dishevelled,  smaller  than  his  immensely  fat  partner, 
'  Coloured  print  in  'Caricatures',  vii.  27. 

642 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1800 

holds  the  ends  of  a  large  spotted  handkerchief,  since  it  is  impossible  to 
grasp  her  waist.  In  the  background  are  two  other  couples.  A  chandelier 
and  a  corner  of  the  musicians'  gallery  with  a  man  blowing  a  French  horn 
complete  the  design. 

A  contribution  to  the  English  history  of  the  waltz,  not  introduced  to 
English  ball-rooms,  according  to  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica  (nth  ed.), 
till  1812.  But  in  1802  'balls,  waltzes  and  suppers',  to  be  given  by  'men  and 
women  of  fashion'  are  mentioned.   O.E.D. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  271.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  457.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8x6|in. 

9584  TAKING  PHYSICK. 
[Gillray.] 

Publish' d  Fehy  6'*  1800.  by  H.  Humphrey.  27,  S*  James's  Street. 
London. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  unshaven  man,  wearing  only  night- 
cap, shirt,  breeches,  and  slippers,  stands  by  the  fireside  grimacing  with 
disgust,  a  medicine-bottle  in  one  hand,  full  cup  in  the  other.  A  dying 
fire,  bare  boards,  and  medicine-bottles  on  the  chimney-piece  add  to  the 
impression  of  discomfort. 

An  imitation  ( ?  by  I.  Cruikshank):  Taking  Physic,  with  a  different  back- 
ground, was  published  by  Fores,  20  Mar.  1801,  see  vol.  viii. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  271.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  481.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9ix6fin.  With  border,  I  o|X7|  in. 

9584  A  A  copy  faces  p.  132  in  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 

9^x6f  in.  With  border,  10^x7/5  i"-  B.M.L.,  745.  a.  6. 

9585  COMFORT  TO  THE  CORNS, 

J*  Gillray  ini^  &  fec^ 

Pu¥  Feby  6'*  1800.  by  H.  Humphrey,  2y,  S^  James's  Street. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  An  old  hag  sits  in  a  carved  chair  with 
a  gothic  back  by  a  vast  open  fire-place  (r.),  with  sticks  blazing  on  the 
hearth.  She  uses  a  large  knife  to  slice  at  one  of  her  distorted  toes.  Beside 
her  are  a  tub  and  scrubbing-brush  and  a  large  cat. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  271.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  486.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
9|X7iin.  With  border,  10^X7!  in. 

9585  A  A  close  copy:  J*  Gillray  Inif,  134  on  border. 

9^X7  in.  With  border,  9|X7^  in.  'Caricatures',  v.  233. 

9585  B  A  close  copy:  J(^  Gillray  del*  faces  p.  81  in  The  Caricatures  of 

Gillray. 

9^X7ll  in-  With  border,  10/5X7^  in.  B.M.L.,  745.  a.  6. 

643 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9586  ARS-MUSICA. 
(North)-£"^^'  del:—  [Gillray  f.] 

London.    Pu¥  Fe}p  j6'*  1800.  by  H.  Humphrey.  27   S'  James's 
Street — 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  A  grinning  woman 
sits  full-face  behind  a  square  piano,  playing  with  complacent  vigour.  At 
her  feet  is  a  dog.  She  accompanies  an  elderly  violinist  (1.)  and  'cellist  (r.), 
who  both  regard  her  with  rage ;  the  former  has  ceased  playing.  The  'cellist's 
contorted  features  are  copied  in  No.  9605. 

The  original  water-colour,  closely  followed  by  Gillray  and  of  approxi- 
mately the  same  size,  is  in  the  Print  Room  (201*.  b.  2).  Playing  in  Parts 
(1801),  by  Gillray  after  North,  is  based  on  this  design,  altered  and  much 
elaborated. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  271.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  500.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
8|xi2fin.   Border  cropped. 

9586  A  A  copy  faces  p.  161  in  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 
5|x8^in.  With  border,  7^x9!  in.  B.M.L.,  745.  a.  6. 

9587  VENUS  ATTIRED  BY  THE  GRACES. 
J:  C:  Esq' del'    T  G^  fee' 

Published  Dec''  5'*  1800  by  H.  Humphrey,  S*  James's  Street 

Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  ugly  woman 
sits  squarely  on  a  stool,  in  stays  and  petticoat  with  clumsy  ungartered 
stockings.  Three  women,  grotesquely  ugly,  advance  towards  her,  one  with 
a  cap,  the  other  with  a  petticoat,  a  third  with  a  chamber-pot.  On  the 
ground  are  combs,  hair-tongs,  tankard,  pin-cushion,  fan,  and  garters,  one 
inscribed  Set  thy  thoughts  on  things  above.  Said  to  be  a  satire  on  'some 
vulgar  fashionable'. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  272.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  496.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1820. 
7|X  12^  in.  With  border,  9JX 13!  in. 

9587  A  A  copy,  from  the  Original  engraved  by  Gillray — designed  by 
J,  C,  Esq'',  faces  p.  22  of  The  Caricatures  of  Gillray. 

4^X71  in.  With  border,  S^^xS^  in.  B.M.L.,  745.  a.  6. 

9588  HOUNDS  FINDING. 
B.  [North]  Esf  del.    J'  Gy  fed 

Published  April  5'*  1800.  by  H.  Humphrey.  N**  2y  S'  James's  Street 
London 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  One  of  a  set  of  four  hunting-scenes  with 
punning  titles,  with  the  same  signatures  and  imprint;  they  have  pleasant 
landscape  backgrounds,  with  clouds.  A  rider  (1.)  has  been  flung  over  his 
horse's  head  and  lies  on  his  face  screaming;  the  horse  falls  into  a  deep 
ditch  edged  by  a  fence  (r,).  From  one  pocket  spout  the  contents  of  a  bottle 
of  wine,  from  the  other  two  hounds  are  tugging  a  cold  chicken,  other 
hounds  are  making  with  fierce  intentncss  towards  the  chicken.  A  second 

644 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1800 

rider  just  behind  the  fence  pulls  up  his  horse  in  alarm,  a  third  in  the  back- 
ground leaps  over  fence  and  ditch.    See  Nos.  9589-91 ;  cf.  No.  9592,  &c. 
Grego,  G^y/roy,  p.  272.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  488.  Reprinted,  G.W^.G., 
1830. 
8|x  i2|  in.  With  border,  9|x  13I  in. 

9589  HOUNDS  THROWING-OFF. 

See  No.  9588.  Three  riders  are  being  violently  thrown  off  their  horses, 
in  grotesque  attitudes,  by  the  hounds  who  have  caused  two  horses  to  fall 
and  the  third  to  rear. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  272.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  490.  Reprinted,  G.  W.G., 
1830.  Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  cxliii. 
8|x  12]^  in.  With  border,  9|X  13!  in. 

9590  HOUNDS  IN  FULL-CRY. 

See  No.  9588.  A  rider  leans  back  in  the  saddle  tugging  hard  at  his  rein; 
he  is  riding  over  the  hounds  which  are  yelping  and  squealing.  Behind  (r.) 
a  huntsman  gallops  up,  shouting  at  the  man  and  the  hounds. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  272.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  489.  Reprinted,  G.W.G.^ 
1830. 
8|x  I2|  in.  With  border,  9!  X  I2f  in. 

9591  COMING-IN  AT  THE  DEATH. 

See  No.  9588.  A  rider  flings  his  arms  above  his  head  in  terror  as  his  horse 
plunges  head  first  into  a  deep  pool,  making  a  gigantic  splash.  A  horse 
immediately  behind  him  (1.)  rears,  and  its  rider  also  throws  up  his  arms 
terror-struck.  On  the  farther  side  of  the  water  (r.),  and  in  the  background, 
a  huntsman  stands  holding  out  the  fox  by  the  tail  to  the  hounds. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  272.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  491.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  cxliv. 
8|x  I2|  in.   With  border,  9|x  13I  in. 

9592  FINDING. 

[PAnsell.] 

Pub.  May  20^^  1800.  by  S.  W.  Fores,  N"  50,  Piccadilly   Folios  of 
Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  One  of  a  set  of  four  by  the  same  artist, 
with  the  same  imprint,  imitations  but  not  copies  of  No.  9588,  &c.  A  fat 
parson  is  the  chief  figure  throughout.  The  parson  has  fallen  from  his 
horse,  which  is  jumping  a  low  fence.  The  hounds  are  discovering  his 
lunch  as  in  No.  9588,  taking  possession  of  two  chickens;  from  his  pocket 
projects  a  slab  of  Hunting  Ginger  Bread.  In  the  background  two  men 
gallop  down  a  slope.  See  Nos.  9593-5. 
8Jx  i2|  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  no. 

9593  THROWING  OFF. 

See  No.  9592.   One  man  has  been  thrown ;  the  parson  is  about  to  fall  from 
his  rearing  horse,  a  huntsman  (1.),  himself  in  difficulties,  clutches  his 
rein.  The  accident  is  due,  not  to  the  hounds  (as  in  No.  9589),  but  to  a 
log  over  which  the  first  horse  (r.)  has  stumbled. 
8^Xi2fin.  'Caricatures',  viii.  III. 

645 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9594  IN  FULL  CRY. 

See  No.  9592.  The  parson  has  ridden  over  the  hounds,  which  yelp  in  pain. 
His  horse  bites  one  of  them  and  lashes  out  with  its  hind-legs  at  the  horse 
behind.  The  third  rider,  in  the  background,  gallops  on. 
8f  X  i2f  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  112. 

9595  IN  AT  THE  DEATH. 

See  No.  9592.  The  design  follows  that  of  No.  9591,  reversed,  but  the  head 
and  shoulders  of  the  parson  are  submerged,  his  legs  wave  in  the  air,  and 
his  hat  and  wig  float  away. 
8|x  i2f  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  113. 

9596  COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  MARKING  GAME.    Plate  i^ 
I.e.  Esq' del'    f  Gv  feet' 

London.    Publish' d  November  12'^  1800,  by — H.  Humphrey,  2y  S* 

Jameses  Street. 
Engraving,  slightly  aquatinted  (coloured  impression).  One  of  a  set  of  four 
with  the  same  signatures  and  imprint;  the  same  two  'cits'  are  depicted 
tliroughout,  one  rather  thin  and  fashionably  dressed,  wearing  Hessian 
boots  with  pointed  toes,  and  a  cartouche-box  which  denotes  the  volunteer ; 
the  other  is  older,  a  fat  John  Bull  in  top-boots.  The  former  has  a  poodle 
fantastically  clipped,  the  latter  a  bulldog.  The  landscape  probably  gives 
a  good  idea  of  the  NE.  surroundings  of  London.  The  younger  man 
advances  on  tiptoe  towards  the  carcass  of  a  horse  beset  by  many  crows: 
he  holds  his  gun  reversed,  and  it  goes  off  peppering  the  posteriors  of  his 
friend  who  is  being  overturned  by  his  dog  while  crossing  a  stile.  An  old 
sign-post  points  (1.)  To  Hornsey  Wood;  on  it  is  a  bill:  Ball .  .  Powder  & 
Shot.  The  surroundings  are  rural,  but  on  the  extreme  r.  is  the  dome  of 
St.  Paul's.  See  Nos.  9597-9,  and  cf.  No.  9600,  &c.  For  the  London 
Volunteer,  cf.  p.  515. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  272.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  492.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1820. 
7I X  1 1|  in.     With  border,  9I X  13I  in. 

9596  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  on  pi.  N°  XXII  to  London  und  Paris,  vi, 
1800.  Explanatory  text  to  the  four  prints,  pp.  319-33. 

4x6^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9597  COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  SHOOTING  FLYING.    Plate  2^ 
See  No.  9596.   The  younger  man  leaps  a  low  paling,  firing  at  a  flight  of 
pigeons,  but  missing  every  bird.   His  fat  companion,  who  is  checked  by  a 
low  stile  (r.),  tries  to  catch  his  hat  which  his  friend  has  knocked  off. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  272.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  493.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830. 
7jx  ii|  in.  With  border,  9ix  13!  in. 

9597  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  on  pi.  N**  XXII  to  London  und  Paris,  vi, 
1800.  See  No.  9596  a. 

4^  X  6^  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9598  COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  RE-CHARGING.    Plate  3^ 

See  No.  9596.   The  younger  man  stands  legs  astride  negligently  using  a 
ramrod.    A  bleeding  cock  hangs  from  his  waist.    His  companion  leans 

646 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1800 

against  a  fence,  voraciously  gnawing  a  cold  chicken,  a  bottle  of  Porter 
beside  him.  Near  him  lies  a  dead  cat.  Each  dog  watches  his  master,  the 
bulldog's  collar  is  inscribed  John  Bull. 

Grego,  Gillray,  p.  272.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  494.  Reprinted,  G.W.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  cxlv. 
7I X  I  if  in.  With  border,  9!  x  13^  in. 

9598  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  on  pi.  N"  XXIII  to  London  und  Paris,  vi, 
1800.   See  No.  9596  a. 

3^1  X  6j»g  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9599  COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  FINDING  A  HARE.    Plate  4'^ 

See  No.  9596.  A  hare  crouches  in  long  grass  beside  an  old  tree.  The 
younger  man  runs  forward  dragging  his  gun,  and  holds  out  his  hat  to 
throw  it  on  the  hare.  Both  dogs  slink  furtively  behind  him.  The  elder 
man  squats  down  to  watch  (r.). 

Grego,  Gillray y  p.  zyz.  Wright  and  Evans,  No.  495.  Reprinted,  G.PF.G., 
1830.   Reproduced,  Paston,  pi.  cxlvi. 
7|x  iif  in.  With  border,  9|X  13!  in. 

9599  A  A  copy  (coloured)  is  on  pi.  N"  XXIII  to  London  und  Paris,  vi, 
1800.   See  No.  9596  A. 

4  X  6i»6  in.  B.M.L.,  P.P.  4689. 

9600  COCKNEY  SPORTSMEN  FINDING,  P»  i.  MORNING. 

[PAnsell.] 

Pu¥  Def  5'*  1800  hy  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly ^  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Evening 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  One  of  a  set  of  four  by  the  same  artist, 
with  the  same  imprint,  imitations  of  No.  9596,  &c.,  but  with  the  addition 
of  a  third  man,  'Jemmy',  who  wears  fashionable  London  dress,  and  has 
a  blunderbuss,  his  dog  is  a  small  mongrel ;  he  carries  a  luncheon-hamper 
slung  from  the  shoulder.  The  fat  'cit's'  bulldog  has  a  spiked  collar. 

They  find  a  hare,  crouching  by  a  tree  as  in  No.  9599.  The  fat  *cit'  holds 
his  gun  awkwardly,  saying,  you  may  as  well  let  me  try,  the  next  man  raises 
his  blunderbuss  to  smite,  saying.  No  No  I'm  sure  I  can  knock  him  down  zoith 
the  butt  end.  The  volunteer,  'Watty',  says  to  the  dogs:  hey  at  him  there. 
See  Nos.  9601-3. 
8^X  i2f  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  114. 

9601  COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  CHARGING,  P»  11  NOON 

See  No.  9600.  The  three  sit  on  the  ground  at  lunch,  near  a  cottage  paling 
on  which  stands  a  rooster.  The  man  with  the  hamper  carves  a  huge  round 
of  beef,  saying,  cursed  hard  work  this  killing  Game.   The  volunteer  looks 

at  the  cock,  saying,  a  cock  Pheasant  by  G ;  he  picks  up  his  gun  and  pours 

the  contents  of  a  bottle  of  wine  on  to  the  ground.  The  fat  man  mops  his 
bald  head,  holding  hat  and  wig ;  he  says :  we  have  got  on  the  right  Scent 
at  last.  In  the  background  a  path  leads  over  a  field  to  London ;  the  three 
dogs  are  chasing  two  cows. 

8ix  i2|  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  115. 

647 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9602  COCKNEY  SPORTSMEN  SPYING  GAME.    P^  in  EVENING. 

See  No.  9600.  A  farm-yard  scene.  The  volunteer  holds  his  gun  so  that 
it  discharges  at  the  fat  'cit'  who  is  getting  over  a  stile  (1.)  as  in  No.  9596. 
The  latter's  gun  goes  off  and  shoots  the  third  man's  dog.  The  volunteer 
looks  through  a  glass  at  an  owl  and  a  bat,  saying,  /  take  that  to  he  a  Wood- 
cock and  the  other  a  Moorhen,  shoot  Jemmy  shoot.  Jemmy,  very  drunk,  his 
hamper  crammed  with  poultry,  fires  his  blunderbuss  at  a  man  thatching  a 
barn,  saying,  Pm  shure  I  have  shot  something  Watty.   The  victim  shouts : 

hello!  there!  why  you  have  me  You  d d  Cockney. 

8|X  I2f  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  116. 

9603  COCKNEY'S  CONTEMPLATING  ON  THE  EXPLOITS  OF 
THE  DAY.     PT  IV,  NIGHT. 

See  No.  9600.  The  three  sit  by  a  table  with  a  decanter  of  Port  and  one 
candle,  exhausted.  The  volunteer  (1.)  contemplates  a  pile  of  'game'  which 
includes  the  third  dog  as  well  as  cock,  goose,  sucking-pig,  and  rats,  saying: 
come  I  think  pretty  well  for  one  day's  Sport.  Jemmy,  his  glass  to  his  eye, 
ah  my  poor  ferret  is  worth  all  the  rest  of  the  Game.  The  fat  man,  who  has 
been  smoking,  drowses  on  two  chairs,  saying,  Bon  Soir  Mounseer. 
8^Xi2|in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  117. 

9604  A  NEW  WAY  OF  PAYING  DEBTS  OF  HONOR!! 

[Ansell.] 

Pub^June  23  1800  by  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly  Folios  of  Caracatures  lent 
out  for  the  Evening. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  billiards  room  realistically  depicted, 
showing  all  but  the  r.  end  of  the  table.  There  is  a  raised  seat  on  the 
extreme  1.,  a  scoring-board  (two  dials),  a  placard  of  Odds  at  Billiards,  and 
a  rack  of  cues.  A  fashionably  dressed  man  (1.)  bends  forward,  holding  up 
his  coat-tails  and  presenting  his  posteriors  to  the  company,  five  men  who 
stand  round  the  table.  He  says :  /  acknowledge  I  am  indebted  to  you  all, 
but  as  I  have  not  a  farthing  of  money  to  pay  you — I  also  know  the  consequence, 
therefore  Kick  away  Gentlemen  if  you  please,  the  sooner  the  debt's  discharged 
the  better.  His  expression  is  one  of  calculating  melancholy,  the  others  are 
frankly  dismayed.  On  the  near  side  of  the  table  are  two  men ;  one  holds  a 
cue,  the  other  a  rest.  At  least  two  of  the  other  three  are  spectators,  one 
being  an  officer  wearing  a  huge  cocked  hat,  the  other  wearing  a  round  hat 
and  holding  a  cane. 
9|X  13I  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  124. 

9605  THE  TRIUMPH  OF  SENTIMENT— THE  PROSPECT  OF 
HAPPINESS— OR  A  PICTURE  FOR  DOTARDS. 

Pub  Nov^  1. 1800.  byS.  W.  Fores,  N^^o  Piccadilly.  Folios  of  Caracatures 
lent  out  for  the  Even^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  youngish  man  leads  an  elderly  woman 
to  semicircular  altar- rails,  within  which  (r.)  stands  a  surpliced  parson  read- 
ing the  marriage  service,  from  Matrimony  was  first  ordained  ...  to  these 
two  persons  come  now  to  be  joined.  A  ( ?)  curate,  standing  just  outside  the 
altar- rails,  says:  A  remedy  against  Fornication — eh?  I  think  the  remedy  will 
be  worse  than  the  disease  then.   The  bridegroom  takes  the  1.  hand  of  the 

648 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  180O 

bride,  looking  over  his  shoulder  at  two  pretty  young  women  behind  the 
bride.  Immediately  behind  her  is  an  elderly  man  screwing  up  his  face  in 
angry  perplexity,  the  head  copied  from  the  'cellist  in  No.  9586.  The  bride 
hobbles  on  a  stick,  one  leg  is  like  a  stick,  the  other  much  swollen ;  she  says : 
Now  I  shall  experience  the  comforts  of  Matrimony.  The  groom,  looking  over 
his  shoulder  at  the  two  girls,  answers  yes  my  dear  &  so  shall  I,  or  these 
papers  deceive  me  develishly.  The  papers  project  from  his  pockets:  Money 
in  the  Funds ;  Acd  of  Jewels ;  Conveyance  of  Freehold  Estates ;  D°  Copy 
hold;  D"  Securities.  One  girl  comments  on  the  parson's  words:  Yes  to  help 
&  comfort  in  a  better  stile  &  to  enable  me  to  make  a  splash!  .  .  .  The  other 
says:  You' I  let  me  take  a  morning  Ride  with  you  sometimes. 
9jx  13I  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  109. 

9606  DEVILS— PARSON  SHOOTING!!! 
Cawse 

Publish^  by  S  W  Fores  N°  50  Picadilly  [sic]  March  25'*  1800 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  9607.  Four 
stout,  elderly,  and  ugly  parsons  (1.)  sit  close  together  drinking  out  of  doors 
at  a  small  round  table ;  one  is  smoking.  Close  by  is  a  rough  paling  behind 
which,  among  bushes,  are  two  devils,  one  fires  a  gun  at  the  group,  the 
other  inspects  his  weapon.  A  dog  barks  at  them.  The  parsons  register 
alarm,  but  have  not  seen  the  devils. 
Sfxisfgin. 

9607  DEVILS— ANGLING  FOR  LAWYERS!!! 

[Cawse.] 

Publish^  March  25**  1800  by  S  W  Fores  Piccadilly 

Engraving.  A  companion  print  to  No.  9606.  A  group  of  lawyers,  six 
seated,  two  standing,  all  old,  ugly,  and  caricatured.  Above  their  heads 
devils  with  fishing-rods  lean  over  a  high  barrier  or  wall,  dangling  baits 
inscribed  £100  and  £500.  One  lawyer,  younger  and  less  ugly  than  the 
rest,  has  swallowed  a  bait  and  is  being  drawn  upwards,  his  wig  falling  off. 
T'he  others  wait  with  feigned  unconsciousness,  or  gape  for  the  bait.  One 
man  (1.)  studies  a  paper:  Cause  of  Giles  Thickskull  [}]  Versus  Nic^  Windover 
begun  in  1618  Came  to  a\}\  final  Determination  in  1800. 

A  note  on  the  print  by  E.  Hawkins:  'NB  Cawse  lost  a  cause  about  this 
time!!!'   For  lawyers  and  the  Devil  cf.  No.  8394,  &c. 
9^Xi5iin. 

9607  A  A  later  copy  (coloured  impression),  imprint:  Pub  by  Sidebotham 
L  Sackville  S*  [Dublin]   Port  folios  of  humourous  prints  for  hire 

9^X  14  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  63. 

9608  BOREAS    EFFECTING    WHAT    HEALTH    &    MODESTY 
COULD  NOT!!! 

[Cawse.] 

Publishdjany  5**  1800  by  S  W  F  N"  30  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  and  uncoloured  impressions).  Four  women,  three 
scantily  and  immodestly  clad,  are  grouped  in  a  room.  Boreas,  a  head 
emerging  from  clouds  (1.),  puffs  a  blast  at  them.  Below  him  sits  the  fourth, 

649 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

a  fat  woman  whose  upturned  dress  reveals  a  pair  of  drawers  (resembling 
masculine  breeches).  On  the  wall  is  a  large  thermometer.  Through  a 
doorway  (r.)  an  elderly  rake,  wearing  a  hat  and  holding  a  large  stick,  leaves 
the  room,  following  a  woman  who  looks  back  alluringly.  Over  the  door, 
much  tilted,  is  a  portrait  (T.Q.L.)  of  a  woman  in  Elizabethan  dress.  The 
women  (one  old  and  withered)  appear  to  be  courtesans.  See  No.  9456. 
9lXisiin. 

9609  NAUTICAL.  OBSERVATIONS  ON  FEMALE  DRESS,!!! 

Cawse 

Publish^  Janry  1 1800  by  S  W  Fores — Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  women,  followed  by  a  third,  in 
transparent  dress,  and  very  decolleties,  walk  arm-in-arm,  holding  closed 
fans.  A  clipped  poodle  walks  beside  them.  They  meet  two  sailors,  an 
officer  and  a  seaman.  The  former,  peering  through  an  eye-glass,  says: 
Women  now  a  days  Pipes!!  Women  are  like  Crazy  Hulks  in  a  rough  Sea, 
the  Port  holes  are  Hardly  Secure!!!  The  sailor  answers:  Or  like  Great  Guns, 
your  honor!  Long  &  Lank — . . .  [&c.].  For  these  fashions  see  No.  8896,  &c. 
9|X  12  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  54. 

9610  WASHING  TROTTERS. 
Rowlandson  del 

Published  by,  Hixon,  355,  near  Exeter-change  Strand  Jan.  20.  1800. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  pretty  young  woman  and  a  burly  man 
wash  their  feet  in  a  tub.  The  room  is  roughly  and  poorly  furnished,  and 
a  (coarse)  ballad,  The  Black  Joke,  is  on  the  wall. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  i. 
5ii  X  7I  in-  With  border,  6^ X  8|  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  33. 

9611  HUMBUGGING,  |  OR  RAISING  THE  DEVIL 

Rowlandson  1800 

Pub^  March  12  1800  by  R  Ackerman  iV*>  loi  Strand. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression),  A  bogus  wizard  stands  raising  his  wand 
while  a  grotesque  figure,  in  answer,  snorting  fire,  emerges  in  clouds  of 
smoke  from  a  rectangular  aperture  in  the  floor  (1.),  dagger  in  one  hand, 
cup  of  'poison'  in  the  other.  The  dupe,  an  ugly  man  in  old-fashioned 
dress,  watches  terror-struck,  while  a  woman  picks  his  pocket  from  behind 
a  curtain.  A  magic  circle,  with  toad,  skull,  &c.,  a  cat,  a  book  with  cabalistic 
signs,  a  stuffed  crocodile  suspended  from  the  ceiling,  give  the  required 
atmosphere. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  5. 
10^ X  12I  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  55. 

9612  BEEF  A  LA  MODE 
Etched  by  Rowlandson 

Publishd  Feb^  14  \i8o6\  by  R  Ackerman  N<>  loi.  Strand. 
Engraving.  An  imitation  of  the  celebrated  Paris  sign-board  of  the  restau- 
rant Au  Boeuf  a  la  mode,  rue  de  Valois,  of  which  there  is  a  French  print. 
Lacroix,  Directoire,  Consulat  et  Empire,  1884,  p,  86  (reproduction).'  A  cow 
*  By  Swagers,  engraved  Ruotte,  pub.  Depeuille,  Enregistr6  et  D6pos^  .  .  ., 
8  Flor^al,  An  V  (27  Apr.  1797).  'Caricatures',  iii.  199  (cropped);  date,  &c.,  from 
A.  de  R.  xiv.  5. 

650 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  180O 

wearing  a  hat,  cravat,  and  shawl  gazes  to  the  r.  On  the  hind-legs  (1.)  are 
boots  of  Hessian  type,  on  the  fore-legs  cross-gartered  slippers ;  a  miniature 
of  a  bull  hangs  from  her  neck.  Rowlandson's  design  has  more  resemblance 
to,  and  probably  derives  from,  another  version  of  this  subject,  engraved 
by  Leclerc  after  Laucon  (reproduced  Fuchs,  Die  Frau  in  der  Karikatur, 
1906,  p.  303).  See  No.  9613. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  3. 
7|X9f  in. 

9613  COLLAR'D  PORK. 
Etched  by  Rowlandson 

Pu¥  July  25.  1800.  by  R.  Ackermann.  N.  loi  Strand 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  large  pig  wears  fashionable  man's 
dress :  coat  with  high  collar  and  cravat,  breeches ;  fore-legs  in  Hessian  boots, 
hind-legs  in  slippers,  with  spectacles,  a  wig  simulating  short  hair,  an  eye- 
glass hanging  from  the  neck.  Farm  buildings  form  a  background.  A  com- 
panion print  to  No.  9612. 

Cf.  Das  newnodische  Schzoein,  published  by  J.  M.  Will,  the  animal 
dressed  somewhat  like  the  cow  of  No.  9612  (reproduced  Fuchs,  p.  117). 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  3. 
7|X9iin. 

9614  THE  LAST  DROP. 

Sketched  by  Rowlandson  Printed  by  C.  Hullmandel  [?  c.  1800] 

Drazvn  on  Stone  &  Published  by  John  Harwood,  82^  Newman  S* 
Jan?'  r^  i82g. 

Lithograph.  A  debauch  in  a  vaulted  stone  room.  At  the  head  of  the  table, 
erect  and  jaunty,  sits  a  skeleton.  Death;  he  ladles  punch  from  a  bowl  into 
the  glass  of  a  gouty  but  jovial  old  man,  who  half  reclines  in  an  arm-chair, 
his  foot  on  a  stool.  Three  men,  clutching  glasses,  lie  on  the  ground 
in  extremis.  Another  leans  on  the  table,  vomiting ;  a  seventh  stands,  drunk 
and  spilling  his  punch,  gazing  at  Death.  A  servant  (1.)  enters  from  an 
archway  with  a  brimming  punch-bowl.  The  scene  is  brilliantly  lit  from 
a  flaring  hanging-lamp  which  casts  deep  shadows. 

Another  print  by  Rowlandson  with  this  title,  dated  5  Apr.  181 1,  is  an 
adaptation  of  No.  5172.   Cf.  also  Nos.  5513,  9472. 
8x12  in. 


9615  LOVE  IN  A  BLAZE  [1  c.  1800] 

[?  Rowlandson.] 

Published  by  J.  Murphy  in  Smoke  Alley. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  stout  ugly  man,  partly  undressed, 
stands  on  tiptoe  to  embrace  a  tall  chambermaid.  She  holds  a  candle  in 
the  r.  hand,  which  she  puts  round  his  shoulder,  setting  his  hair  alight. 
Behind  her  (r.)  is  the  bed,  smoking  violently  from  a  fire  lit  by  a  warming- 
pan  negligently  left  there.  On  the  chimney-piece  is  a  squatting  (Chinese) 
china  figure  with  a  long  pipe ;  above  it  is  a  picture  of  Cupid  with  a  torch. 
ioiX9f  in. 

651 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

96 I 6-962 I 

Six  plates  by  Rowlandson,  each  divided  vertically  into  three,  of  decorative 
designs  perhaps  intended  to  be  cut  up  and  used  as  borders,  cf.  No.  9488, 
&c.,  all  with  the  imprint  London  Pub  15  Au^  1800  by  R.  Ackermann  at 
his  Repository  of  the  Arts  loi  Strand.  Eighteen  designs  (coloured  im- 
pressions) of  equal  size  (10x5  in.).  In  all  a  head  fills  the  upper  part, 
emblematical  objects  the  lower. 
Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  10-13. 

No  I 

9616  PHILOSOPHORUM 

The  head  of  an  ugly  and  melancholy  old  man  with  downcast  eyes  and 
wearing  spectacles.  Emblematic  objects,  some  suspended  from  the  pierced 
ears,  are  a  set  of  bells,  thermometer,  compasses,  magnifying-glass,  tele- 
scope, sextant,  terrestrial  globe,  mariner's  compass. 

FANCYNINA 

The  head  of  a  pretty  young  woman  wearing  a  hat  trimmed  with  flowers. 
Suspended  from  her  bare  shoulders  are  a  hare's  foot,  pots  of  French  Rouge^ 
Court  Sticking  Plai[ster'\,  Otter  of  Roses,  a  (masquerade)  mask,  opera-glass, 
miniature  of  a  man.   Below,  a  muflF,  closed  fan,  and  closed  parasol. 

EPICURUM 

The  head  of  a  grinning  old  man  wearing  a  night-cap.  To  his  ears  is 
attached  a  chain  of  sausages ;  below  are  a  gridiron  or  saveall,  cf.  No.  6965, 
and  spoon,  a  cucumber,  and  fruit  or  potatoes. 

'Caricatures',  x.  186. 
No  2 

9617  PENSEROSA 

A  Medusa-like  head  with  a  tragic  stare,  framed  in  serpents,  from  which 
hang  bunches  of  leaves ;  below  are  an  open  book,  dagger,  and  poison-cup. 

TALLY!  HO!  RUM! 

The  head  of  a  huntsman  tilted  back,  distorted  by  the  utterance  of  a  loud 
yell.  Round  the  neck  hangs  a  hunting-horn  to  which  are  attached  spurs, 
horse-shoes,  whips,  gun,  flask ;  below  are  fox's  mask  and  brush. 

ALLEGORA 

The  head  of  a  burly  but  handsome  Bacchus,  looking  up  and  wreathed  in 
vine-branches.  From  the  vine  hang  a  bagpipes,  flute,  and  satyr's  mask. 

'Caricatures',  x.  187. 

[A""  3] 

9618  PHYSICORUM 

An  old  man's  elongated  head,  wearing  the  old-fashioned  wig  of  a  doctor. 
To  this  is  attached  a  garland  of  bunches  of  labelled  medicine-bottles  and 
pill-boxes.  The  Drafts  are  sleeping,  purging,  composing,  emollient,  opening, 
soporific,  strength[ening].  Below  are  clyster-pipe,  syringe,  decanter  of 
Restorative  Drops,  and  Priscription  Puffs. 

NUNINA 

The  head  of  a  nun  with  up-cast  eyes.  Below  are  a  crowned  skull,  hour- 
glass, scourge,  crucifix,  rosary,  and  book. 

PUBLICORUM 

The  jovial  drink-blotched  head  of  a  publican.  To  it  are  attached  pipes. 
Tobacco  Box,  bottles  of  Rum,  Brandy,  and  Rack ;  a  tankard ;  at  the  base  is 
a  punch-bowl  filled  with  lemons. 

'Caricatures',  x.  188. 

652 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1800 

N"  4 

9619  FUNERALORUM 

The  head  of  a  mourner,  his  hat  draped  with  a  mourning-scarf.  To  the 
shoulders  are  attached  a  key  and  labels  inscribed  Last  Will  and  Testament, 
Titles,  Burial  Fees,  and  two  papers :  Funeral  Sermon  and  a  paper  headed 
with  a  hearse:  The  Pleasure  of  your  Company  is  requested  to  attend  the 
Funeral.  Below  is  a  hatchment  inscribed  Resurgam  with  pick,  shovel,  hour- 
glass, and  skull. 

VIRGINIA 

The  head  of  a  sour  old  maid,  on  whose  1.  shoulder  sits  a  (small)  cockatoo. 
She  is  draped  with  Cats  Meat,  a  Cure  for  the  Colic,  spectacles,  padlock, 
a  chatelaine  with  pin-cushion,  &c..  Anonymous  Letters,  boxes  of  Snuff  and 
Corn  Plaster,  with  a  large  bag  of  Winnings  at  Quadrille  Loo  &c.  Below, 
two  cats  sit  on  a  book:  Scan  Mag.,  vol.  x.  (Mrs.  Hardcastle  in  She  Stoops 
to  Conquer  calls  the  Town  and  Country  Magazine  'the  Scandalous  Maga- 
zine' on  account  of  the  Tete-a-Tites,  see  vols,  iv,  v,  vi.) 

HAZARDORUM 

The  head  of  a  youngish  man  with  a  melancholy  expression.  Guineas  fall 
from  an  inverted  purse  to  which  are  attached  Mortgage  deeds  and  Annuity 
bonds ;  other  emblems  are  a  tennis-racket  and  two  books :  Hoyle  on  Chances 
and  Betts  at  Newmar\kei\.  Below,  a  fighting-cock,  crowing  loud,  stands  on 
a  dice-box;  grouped  with  him  are  a  jockey-cap,  racket,  pistol,  cards,  dice, 
saddle,  cue-rest,  whip,  and  two  books.  Racing  Calendar  and  Breslaw  [  ?  *Bres- 
law's  Last  Legacy  or  the  Magical  Companion']. 

'Caricatures',  x.  189. 
No  5 

9620  BATTLEORUM 

The  head  of  an  officer  scowling  angrily ;  he  wears  cocked  hat  and  gorget. 
From  his  shoulders  are  suspended  chain-shot,  pistols,  and  bandolier. 
Below  are  kettle-drum,  cartouche-box,  musket,  sword,  and  bayonet. 

BILLINGSGATINA 

A  buxom  and  comely  fish-wife  shouting  her  wares.    A  chain  of  eels, 

lobster,  crab  reaches  a  basket  in  which  are  oysters  and  large  fish. 

The  above  two  heads  were  closely  copied,  c.  18 15,  as  a  French  caricature 
(title  Caricature  Angloise.  N°  5)  of  Napoleon:  Mons.  va  de  bon-Coeur 
Caporale,  and  Af*"^  Esturgion. 

TRAFFICORUM 

The  head  of  a  bearded  Jew,  wearing  a  hat,  calling  his  wares  with  a  cunning 
side-glance.  These  are  draped  from  his  shoulders  and  rest  upon  an  open 
pedlar's  box  filled  with  scissors,  spectacles,  razors,  spoons,  purses,  knives, 
rosaries,  seals,  a  watch. 

'Caricatures',  x.  190. 
No   6 

9621  BARBERORUM. 

The  head  of  a  vivacious  man  with  a  comb  thrust  in  his  dishevelled  hair. 
He  is  draped  with  curling-tongs,  scissors,  combs,  tooth-brush,  boxes  of 
Rouge,  Pomade  Divine,  Tooth  Powder,  bottles  of  Gowland  Lotion,  Eau  de 
Luce,  a  packet  of  Packwoods  Strops.  Below  are  a  small  wig-block  and  a 
sheaf  of  wigs. 

FLORA 

The  head  of  a  pretty  young  girl.   From  her  shoulders  hangs  a  garland  of 

flowers  terminating  in  a  basket  filled  with  fruit. 

653 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

LAWYERORUM 

A  face  with  aquiline  features  looks  at  the  spectator  with  a  shrewd  ex- 
pression. Sheaves  of  papers  hang  from  his  shoulders:  Writ  of  Error, 
Clausum  Friget,^  Bill  of  Costs,  Declarat[ion],  John  Doe  and  Richard  Roe 
[cf.  No.  8912],  Warrant  for  an  Assault,  Habeus  copus  [sic],  Suit  in  Chancery, 
List  of  Informations,  Quirks,  Quibbles,  Affidavits,  Subpoene,  Perjury,  Bank- 
ruptcy Enlarged,  Wills  made  on  the  shortest  Notice.  A  large  bag  is  inscribed 
Cash  Received  for  my  Clients.  Below  are  Title  Deeds  and  Statutes  at  Large. 

'Caricatures',  x.  191. 

9622-9627 

Prints  from  a  set  of  eight,  all  having  above  the  design  the  general  title 
MATRIMONIAL  COMFORTS  and  a  number.  All  have  the  same  signatures  and 
imprint. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  14-16. 

9622  THE  DINNER  SPOIL'D!    Sketch  i 
Woodward  Del.     Etched  by  Rowlandson 
Pubd  by  R  Akerman  N  loi  Strand  [1800] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  small  dinner-table,  largely  covered 
by  a  pale  leg  of  mutton  behind  which  sits  the  irate  husband,  carving-knife 
and  fork  in  hand.  His  wife  opposite  (r.)  glares  at  him,  two  youths  look 
anxious.  He  says:  Its  rad!  not  fit  to  eat! — these  are  the  blessed  effects  of 
boiling  Mutton  in  a  clathH  A  dog  watches  him.  On  the  wall  (r.)  is  a  framed 
picture  of  Peace  and  Concord,  two  allegorical  figures. 
7|x6|  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  26. 

9623  A  RETURN  FROM  A  WALK!    Sketch  4 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  pretty  young  woman  sits  on  the  knee 
of  a  military  officer.    They  are  unaware  of  the  entry  (1.)  of  the  furious 
husband,  stick  in  hand.  He  is  ugly  and  elderly  and  says:  My  Wife,  as  sure 
as  I  am  a  Haberdasher. 
7^x6|  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  27. 

9624  KILLING  WITH  KINDNESS    Sketch  5 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  elderly  citizen,  solidly  seated,  is 
beset  by  two  pretty  young  women  who  offer  him  fruit.  His  wife  (1.)  says : 
You  must  have  some  Apricots  my  love;  her  sister  (r.)  adds:  Just  taste  these 
Grapes  Brother  in  Law  you  never  eat  finer.  He  shouts  up  with  angry 
suspicion  to  the  latter:  wont  eat  any  thing  more  I  tell  you — I  shall  be  choaked 
— got  an  eye  to  the  Estate  I  suppose. 
7f  x6|  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  28. 

9625  A  FASHIONABLE  SUIT!     Sketch  [6] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  tailor  (1.)  holds  out  a  mirror  to  an 
ugly  and  disgusted  customer,  who  wears  a  coat  of  'Jean  de  Bry*  pattern, 
see  No.  9425,  with  short  bulky  breeches  and  slippers.  The  customer  says: 
Why  you  have  put  me  a  hump  upon  each  shoulder — and  here's  a  pair  of 
Dutchman's  breeches  that  would  hold  provision  for  a  marching  regiment — 
well  I  tell  you  what  Master  Taylor  D m  me  if  I  would  go  to  our  Club 

'  Or  Eriget. 
654 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  180O 

such  a  figure  for  fifty  Pounds!  The  tailor,  alarmed,  answers:  Made  entirely 
to  your  Lady's  Orders  your  Honor  I  asshure  you — she  said  now  you  was 
married  you  should  look  like  the  rest  of  the  world. 
7^x6|  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  29. 

9626  WASHING  DAY    Sketch  7 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  man  in  hat,  long  coat,  and  boots, 
grasps  his  friend's  hand  with  a  smile.  The  host,  ugly  and  angry,  says: 
Ah!  my  old  Friend  I  zvish  you  had  called  at  some  more  convenient  time  but  this 
is  washing  day — I  have  nothing  to  give  you  but  cold  Fish,  cold  tripe  &  cold 
potatoes — you  may  smell  soap  suds  a  mile!  Ah  Jack — Jack  you  dont  know 
these  Contorts!  you  are  a  Bachelor!  Behind  (1.),  two  women  stand  at  a 
wash-tub. 
7|x6|  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  31. 

9627  A  CURTAIN  LECTURE!    Sketch  8 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  man  lies  on  his  back  in  bed,  face  set 
in  grim  endurance.  His  wife,  beside  him,  sits  up  to  bawl :  Yes  you  base 
Man  you  dont  you  eat  drink  and  sleep  comfortably  at  home  and  still  you  must 
be  jaunting  abroad  every  night — I'll  find  out  all  your  Intrigues — you  may 
depend  upon  it.  A  small  dog  sits  on  the  bed  yelping  at  the  man,  a  large 
one  sleeps  on  the  ground. 
7f  X  6|  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  30. 

9628-9632 

Plates  from  a  set  of  twenty  without  letterpress  entitled  Le  Brun  Travested, 
Or  Caricatures  of  the  Passions.  Design' d  by  G.  M.  Woodward  and  Etch'd 
by  T.  Rowlandson.  See  Grolier  Club,  Catalogue  of  Books  illustrated  by 
Rowlandson,  New  York,  1916,  pp.  86-8;  Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  1-3.  For 
*Le  Brun's  Passions'  see  Expressions  des  Passions  de  I'Ame  representees  en 
plusieurs  testes  gravees  d'apris  les  desseins  de  feu  M.  le  Brun  [Charles 
Le  Brun,  1619-90],  Paris,  1727.  (Copy  in  Print  Room.) 

9628  RAPTURE.    No  6. 

Woodward  Del    Etched  by  Rozolandson 

[Pub.  Ackermaim,  21  Jan.  iSoo]^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  One  of  a  set  of  twenty,  Nos.  1-5  pub. 
Jan.  20,  6-20  pub.  Jan.  21.  A  ballad-singer  (T.Q.L.)  bawls  a  ballad;  at 
her  back  is  an  infant,  another  is  beside  her,  both  bawling.  Her  song: 
What's  Life  without  Passion,  sweet  Passion  of  Love.  An  elderly  bearded  Jew 
is  close  beside  her,  hands  clasped,  looking  up  in  ecstasy.  Beneath  the 
design:  Melody  produces  Rapture,  as  exemplified  in  the  Jew  Cloathsman's 
rapturous  attention  to  the  Vocal  strains  of  the  Ballad-singer  &  her  Family. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  i. 
8^X7  in.  'Caricatures',  v.  54. 

9629  DESIRE    No  7. 

Woodward  Del  Etched  by  Rowlandson. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  See  No.  9628.  A  young  woman  (r.) 
sleeps,  head  in  profile  to  the  1.,  leaning  against  the  back  of  a  chair.   An 

'  From  Grego. 

655 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

elderly  man  leans  towards  her,  inspecting  her  avidly  through  an  eye-glass. 
The  figures  (T.Q.L.)  are  cut  off  by  the  side  margins.  Beneath  the  design: 
Female  Attraction  is  frequently  the  cause  of  this  Passion — as  above  represented 
in  the  delineation  of  the  Old  Beau,  &  the  sleeping  Lady. 

No.  I  in  this  series,  a  hungry  boy  and  a  plum-pudding,  has  the  same 
title. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  1-2. 
8^  X  6f  in.  'Caricatures',  v.  56. 

9630  SADNESS    No  12. 

Woodward  Del.  Etched  by  Rowlandson 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  See  No.  9628.  An  elderly  woman  (1.) 
clasps  her  head  in  despair  and  looks  up,  away  from  the  body  of  a  tiny 
dog  which  a  liveried  footman  holds  on  a  cushion.  Both  are  T.Q.L.  Beneath 
the  design:  This  Passion  is  represented  by  an  Old  Maid,  who  is  rendered 
completely  miserable  by  the  death  of  her  favorite  Lap-dog. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  2. 
8f  X7  in.  'Caricatures',  v.  57. 

9631  SCORN    N°  15. 

Woodward  Del.  Etched  by  Rowlandson 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  See  No.  9628.  Two  profile  heads  in 
proximity.  A  poor  woman  wearing  a  plain  straw  hat  (r.)  looks  with 
anxious  supplication  at  the  hideous  face  of  a  woman  wearing  vulgar  finery, 
her  hands  in  a  muff.  The  latter  scowls  contemptuously,  with  closed  eyes. 
Beneath  the  design :  This  Passion  is  frequently  brought  forward  when  a  rich 
old  Dowager  meets  a  poor  relation. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  2. 
8^X7ig  in.  'Caricatures',  v.  58. 

9632  DESPAIR.    N°  20. 

Woodward  D  Etch'd  by  Rowlandson. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  See  No.  9628.  Two  juxtaposed  but 
unrelated  H.L.  figures,  a  man  (r.)  and  woman,  with  expressions  of  angry 
despair,  anger  prevailing  in  the  woman's  face.  Beneath  the  design:  A 
disappointed  Old  Maid  &  Bachelor,  are  selected  as  proper  Subjects  to  represent 
the  Passion  of  Despair. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  ii.  2-3. 
8fX7in.  'Caricatures',  V.  59. 

9633  EVERY  BODY  IN  TOWN. 

Woodward  delin.  Barrett  sc. 

[Pub.  Fores  14  Feb.  1800.]' 

Engraving,  with  roulette  (coloured  impression).  One  of  a  set  of  six  with 
the  same  title  and  date.^  An  elderly  man  in  old-fashioned  dress  walks 
beside  his  younger  and  fashionably  dressed  wife.  He  says:  Dont  be  uneasy 
my  dear — we  wont  stay  long, — but  soon  return  to  the  delights  of  the  country, 
and  the  old  Family  Castle.    She  answers  Dont  talk  to  me  of  your  Family 

'  From  A  de.  R.  vii.  18. 

*  Six  other  plates  with  this  date,  Every  Body  out  of  Toton,  belong  to  the  same  set. 

656 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1800 

Castle — I  tell  you  I  dont  like  the  country — so  much  so — that  I  wish  from  my 

heart,  it  was  all  under  ground.  See  No.  9634. 

7^x6^  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  194. 

9634  EVERY  BODY  IN  TOWN. 

Woodward  del.  Sansom  sculp. 

Engraving,  with  roulette  (coloured  impression).  See  No.  9633.  Queens- 
berry  in  riding-dress,  a  whip  under  his  arm  and  wearing  his  star,  chucks  a 
pretty  country  girl  under  the  chin,  saying,  Oyou  Beauty — you  pretty  moun- 
tain daisy,  I'll  take  care  of  you — dont  be  afraid, — you  shall  ride  my  little 
Horse,  and  I'll  walk  by  the  side  of  you!  you  shall  be  the  Queen  of  Piccadilly!! 
She  answers :  /  thank  your  honor — /  heard  as  how  you  was  in  Town  and  had 
a  great  many  places  to  give  away! — so  I  thought  it  best  to  come  to  the  fountain 
head  at  once.  One  of  many  satires  on  Queensberry,  see  Index. 
7|x6J  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  195. 

9635  [PIGMY  REVELS  OR  ALL  ALIVE  AT  LILLIPUT    Plate  i. 
Woodward  delin 

Pub  Nov  9'*  1800,  by  S.W.  Fores,  N°  50,  Piccadilly  corner  of  Sack- 
ville  S^  Folio's  of  Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening^ 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  One  of  a  set  of  eight  plates,  all  with 
three  bordered  horizontal  strips  (catalogued  as  a,  b,  c),  evidently  intended 
to  be  cut  up  to  form  a  border,  as  No.  9488,  &c.  The  B.M.  impressions 
have  been  cut,  each  plate  divided  into  two  and  arranged  haphazard.'  The 
figures  are  grotesque,  with  large  heads,  arranged  generally  in  groups,  their 
speeches  etched  above.  The  satire  (sometimes  pointed)  is  generally  social, 
occasionally  political. 

The  centre  group  is  a  forestaller  in  corn  being  tossed  in  a  blanket  by 
four  men;  three  spectators  applaud.  See  No.  9545,  &c.  Paddy  and  Johnny 
Bull  walk  arm  in  arm  saying  long  life  to  the  Union.  .  .  .   See  No.  9284,  &c. 

Each  strip  approximately  4JX  19  in. 

'Caricatures',  viii.  58  (a),  61  (b,  c). 

9636  [PIGMY  REVELS    Plate  2.Y 

See  No.  9635.  The  subjects  include  the  long-winded  parson,  the  incom- 
petent barber,  the  boastful  soldier,  the  lawyer,  the  *cit'  and  dancing-master, 
the  doctor,  the  board  of  excise.  The  lawyer  says :  /  maintain  it  Sir — the 
Law,  is  equally  open  to  the  poor  as  to  the  Rich — ,  the  answer:  So  is  the  London 
Tavern,  if  you  have  the  Money  to  pay  for  it!  The  original  remark  was  by 
Judge  Ashhurst,^  the  repartee  is  attributed  by  Rogers  to  Home  Tooke 
{Table  Talk,  1887,  p.  125).  Another  famihar  remark  here  illustrated  is  that 
of  the  negro  who  answers  One  thing  at  a  time  Massa  if  you  please, — if  you 
floggee — floggee — if  you  preachee  preachee — but  no  preachee  and  floggee  too 
(illustrated  by  G.  Cruikshank  1819;  Reid,  No.  926). 

'Caricatures',  viii.  57  (a,  b),  56  (c). 

'  The  titles  and  imprints  have  been  taken  from  A.  de  R.  vii.  32-47.  The  last 
three  prints  were  published  in  180 1  but  have  been  included  to  avoid  dividing  the  set. 

*  Signature  and  innprint  as  No.  9635. 

^  In  his  famous  Charge  to  the  Grand  Jury  of  Middlesex,  19  Nov.  1792,  on  the 
perfection  of  government  where  'no  Man  is  so  high  as  to  be  above  the  Reach  of  the 
Law,  and  no  Man  so  low  as  not  to  be  within  its  Protection*. 

657  U  U 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9637  [PIGMY  REVELS    Plate  3 

Woodward  delin  Etch'd  by  F.  Sansom. 

Pub  Dec''  J**  1800  by  S  W.  Fores  ,  .  .  {ut  supra)] 

See  No.  9635.  The  majority  of  the  characters  are  ridiculed  for  their 
'sensibility',  or  are  stage-struck.  The  parson  refuses  to  take  his  tithe  pig 
for  fear  of  dividing  a  happy  family.  The  butcher,  weeping,  is  resolved  never 
to  kill  a  bit  of  Mutton  again. 

'Caricatures',  viii.  64  (a),  63  (b,  c). 

9638  [PIGMY  REVELS    Plate  4-V 

See  No.  9635.  The  characters  are  stage-struck  or  pose  as  heroes  or  heroines 
of  romance.  A  footman  is  compared  to  Joseph  Andrews.  A  dissenting 
parson's  wife  wishes  to  be  Harriot  Byron,  her  husband  Grandison.  A  'cit' 
says  to  his  groom  "Saddle  white  Surry  for  the  field  to-morrow. 

'Caricatures',  viii.  58  (a),  59  (b,  c). 

9639  [PIGMY  REVELS.    Plate  5 
[Woodward  del.] 

Pub  Dec'  13*"  1800  by  S.W.  Fores  .  .  .] 

See  No.  9635.  The  subjects  include  the  law  ('John  Doe  Richard  Roe,  cf. 
No.  8912),  the  master  who  starves  his  apprentice,  the  tailor  who  is  knight 
and  alderman,  a  commander-in-chief  of  the  Trained  Bands,  killed  by 
swallowing  a  bone  at  the  Lord  Mayor's  feast,  who  reclines  in  armour  on 
his  tomb,  the  portrait-painter  who  paints  an  ugly  woman  and  her  child 
as  Venus  and  Cupid  (cf.  No.  5921).  A  very  fat  Master  Tripe  explains  his 
recently  developed  corpulence:  Vestry  dinners  friend  Dip,  I've  been  Church 
Warden  these  three  weeks;  numberless  meetings  to  save  the  poor  from  starving. 
For  the  dearth  see  No.  9545,  &c. ;  for  vestry  dinners  see  No.  8770. 

'Caricatures',  viii.  56  (a),  55  (b,  c). 

9640  [PIGMY  REVELS    Plate  6. 

[Woodward  del.]  Etch'd  by  F.  Sansom. 

Pubjany  I  1 80 1  by  S.W.  Fores  .  .  .] 

See  No.  9635.  Twenty-four  single  figures  (six  being  women),  each  read- 
ing a  newspaper,  which  is  quoted  and  followed  by  a  comment.  An 
adjectival  caption  describes  the  comment,  e.g.:  Cojectural.  A  fat  'cit' 
reads :  It  is  generally  credited  that  a  great  Northern  power  intends  no  longer 
tobe  Neutral.  And:  Oh!  Oh!  Puzzling!  What  is  the  difference  between  a  Whig 
and  a  Tory;  a  man  in  shirt-sleeves  scratches  his  head,  saying.  Nay  now 
thes  News-paper  folks  have  quite  up-set  me,  for  dang  it  if  I  can  tell.  For  the 
attitude  of  Russia  cf.  No.  9526. 

'Caricatures',  viii.  65  (a,  b),  64  (c). 

9641  [PIGMY  REVELS.    Plate  7. 
[Woodward  del.] 

Pub^jfany  ig*^  by  SWFores  .  .  .] 

See  No.  9635.  Satires  on  the  shopkeeper,  doctor,  parson,  &c.,  as  well  as 
sheer  grotesque,  e.g.  two  fashionable  men  rally  a  bloated  parson:  Why 
Parson  you  touched  us  up  to  day  about  wenching  and  drinking.  .  .  .  Poh!  Poh! 
Gentlemen  you  know  it  was  only  meant  for  those  who  can't  afford  it. 

'Caricatures',  viii.  54  (a),  62  (b,  c). 
'  Signature  and  imprint  as  No.  9637. 
.         658 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL   SATIRES  1800 

9642  [PIGMY  REVELS    Plate  8. 
Woodward  delin. 

Pub.  Feb.  6.  1801  by  S  W  Fores  .  .  .] 

See  No.  9635.  Figures  arranged  in  pairs  or  in  groups  of  three,  with  one 
single  figure,  a  muffin-seller  who  bawls  Lillywhite  Muffins  Charming  white 
Crumpets  Buy  my  nice  Yorkshire  Cakes.  The  unpopularity  of  the  war  is 
reflected:  A  quaker  says  to  a  drover  driving  a  calf  with  a  large  red  and 
blue  cockade:  Friend  where  driveth  thou  that  Calf — &  why  put  a  Cockade 
on  his  horn.  Answer :  He  is  a  young  Recruit  &  I  am  driving  him  to  the  slaughter 
house.  See  No.  8328,  &c. 

'Caricatures',  viii.  54  (a),  60  (b,  c). 

9643  SYMPTOMS  OF  DIVINITY. 

[?  Woodward  del.]  J**"  Cawse  fecit  lygg 

[Pub:  Jan  i&^  1800  by  S.  W.  Fores,  N°  50,  Piccadilly  comer  of 
Sackville  S^  Folio's  of  Caracatures  lent  for  the  Evenly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Sixteen  figures  arranged  in  two  rows 
and  generally  in  pairs,  representing  parsons  in  eight  discreditable  occupa- 
tions or  characters.  These  include  the  purchase  of  pornographic  literature ; 

the  rich  parson  who  engages  a  poor  one  to  give  evening  lectures :  but  D m 

me — if  I  give  above  five  shillings  for  the  job ;  the  sporting  parson  who  buys 
his  sermons  (cf.  No.  6337);  two  parsons  in  pursuit  of  a  courtesan;  the 
glutton;  the  drunkard.  Similar  in  character  to  No.  8541,  &c,,  and  perhaps 
belonging  to  the  same  set. 
iijx  17I  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  47. 

9644  [SYMPTOMS  OF  TIPPLING.]^  [?  1800] 
[Woodward  del.   I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Single  figures  arranged  in  two  rows, 
seven  women  above,  six  men  below;  all  praise  their  favourite  beverage. 
An  old  woman  takes  a  little  Brandy  in  ones  Tea ;  another  finds  Peppermint 
...  a  very  fine  wholesome  cordial.  A  stout  woman  takes  rum,  a  thin  one 
a  glass  of  shrub,  a  very  fat  one  believes  Aniseed  .  .  .  the  best  Doctor  in  the 
world.  An  old  market  woman  drinks  ( ?)  gin.  A  stout  woman  drinks  from 
a  clear  bottle :  after  all  there  is  nothing  like  a  fair  pull  at  the  Native! 

A  working  man  drinks,  saying.  Porter  is  so  innocent  a  liquor — it  can  never 
hurt  one.  A  countryman  says  I  really  think  a  man  might  live  for  ever,  if  he 
drank  nothing  but  ale.  A  thin  knock-kneed  fellow  drinks  warm  purl  and 
bitters.  A  stout  'cit'  with  a  long  pipe  szys  good  sound  port,  is  the  only  beverage 
fit  for  the  constitution  of  an  Englishman.  A  jovial  sailor  with  a  tankard  shouts 
Grog  for  ever — huzza!!  A  ( ?)  tavern-keeper,  bloated  with  drink,  lifts  a  large 
pitcher  from  a  table  on  which  are  two  spirit-bottles,  saying,  Vm  for 
tear-brain  rum  and  brandy  mix^d — arul  drink  it  out  of  a  pitcher,  that  does 
good  to  the  house.  Similar  in  character  to  No.  8541,  &c.,  and  perhaps 
belonging  to  the  same  set. 
c.  12  X  18  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  40. 

*  Title  and  imprint  from  A.  de  R.  vii.  28-9. 

*  Title  from  MS.  index  to  volume  of  'Caricatures'. 

659 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9645  [PROGRESS  OF  DRUNKENNESS]'  [?  1800] 

[Woodward  del.   I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Twelve  men,  realistically  depicted, 
arranged  in  two  rows,  their  words  etched  above  their  heads.  Above  are 
figures  at  a  tavern  dinner,  all  seated  but  the  first  and  last.  The  chairman 
gives  a  toast:  Are  you  all  charged  Gentlemen.  A  guest  orders:  A  glass  of 
Salt  and  Water  for  that  Gentleman  ...  A  tipsy  man  says :  A  Song  Gentlemen 
if  you  please.  A  military  officer  flourishes  arms  and  legs,  spilling  his  wine: 
Sing  Old  Rose,  and  burn  the  bellows, — the  bellows, — The  bellows.  An  appa- 
rently composed  man  says:  /  humbly  move  to  throw  the  waiter  out  of  the 
window,  and  charge  him  in  the  bill.  A  man  holding  his  coat  over  his  arm 
says:  I'll  burn  my  coat  first  for  a  hundred. 

Below  are  men  in  the  street,  all  but  the  penultimate  with  bludgeons. 
One,  resembling  Hanger,  says  Scour  the  Watch — a — hoy.  The  next  shouts 
Down  with  em'  thats  your  sort  (cf.  No.  8073).  The  next,  tottering,  and 
almost  asleep,  says.  We  are  the  boys  for  a  riot.  The  next  two  say,  respec- 
tively. Where  the  deuce  have  we  got  to  now  and  Scudding  before  the  gale  by 
Jupiter.  The  last,  seated  on  the  ground  asleep,  leans  against  a  post: 
Lodged  for  the  Night.  Similar  in  character  to  No.  8541,  &c.,  and  perhaps 
belonging  to  the  same  set. 
c.  12  X  18  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  42. 

9646  [BLUNDERS  IN  STYLE.]'  [}  c.  1800] 
[Woodward  del.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  pairs  of  people,  arranged  in  two 
rows,  misunderstand  each  other  owing  to  mispronunciation,  &c.  i  Suit. 
A  master  tells  a  man-servant:  .  .  .  you  will  not  shoot  me.  2  Heat.  A  mistress 
tells  her  maid  the  soup  is  cold,  and  desires  her  to  eat  it  directly.  3  Sue. 
A  man  wearing  tattered  shoes  says  he  will  be  shoed.  4  Martyr.  A  fat  'cit' 
tells  a  grenadier  he  has  been  a  Marcher  to  the  cause.  5  Air.  A  fat  man  tells 
a  sporting  friend  he  will  take  the  Hare.  6  Rise.  One  man  says  That  it  was — 
which  gave  Rise  to  it.  The  other  answers  .  .  .  Rice  is  a  very  good  substitute 
(i.e.  for  flour,  cf.  No.  9545,  &c.).  7  Chart.  A  man  desires  a  yokel  to  bring 
the  Cart  into  the  parlour.  8.  An  elderly  courtier  tells  his  loutish  footman 
to  say  he  is  gone  to  Court.  The  man  answers  .  .  .  why  the  girls  will  laugh 
at  you.  Similar  in  character  to  No.  8541,  &c.,  and  perhaps  belonging  to 
the  same  set. 
c.  I2X  18  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  48. 

9647  [PARSONIC  PIETY.]'  [?  1800] 
[Woodward  del.   I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Twelve  figures,  arranged  in  two  rows, 
of  parsons  in  the  pulpit,  all  H.L.,  with  book  resting  on  cushion.  Their 
words  and  gestures  correspond.  Some  are  insinuating  and  fashionable, 
others  ranting.  The  last  is  a  dissenting  minister  who  divides  his  discourse 
into  sixty  three  parts.  Similar  in  character  to  No.  8541,  &c.,  and  perhaps 
belonging  to  the  same  set.  The  title  (from  the  index)  is  also  that  of 
No.  8524. 

c.  12  X  18  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  46. 

'  Title  from  MS.  index  to  volume  of  'Caricatures*. 

660 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  1800 

9648  [HUNTING  PIECE  ON  A  NEW  CONSTRUCTION.]'  [?  1800] 

[Woodward  del.   I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Eight  scenes  arranged  in  two  rows.  An 
elderly  man  riding  Pegasus  pursues  Fame,  who  beckons  to  him ;  he  despairs 
of  overtaking  her,  even  if  my  Pegasus  zoos  as  fleet  as  the  wind.  Two  cronies 
concur  in  hunting  the  bottle.  An  old  military  officer  pursues  a  pretty  young 
woman.  Two  bailiff's  men  with  bludgeons  pursue  a  debtor.  A  solitary 
man  has  been  fruitlessly  hunting  after  money  the  whole  day.  A  young  and 
handsome  fortune-hunter  kneels  to  an  elderly  harridan.  A  hunter  after 
company  invites  himself  to  crack  a  bottle  with  another  man.  A  fat  parson, 
eyes  closed,  at  a  table  with  punch-bowl,  glasses,  &c.,  the  second  chair  being 
empty,  says:  My  worthy  friend  the  Vicar  and  myself  have  ju^t  killed  old  care 
and  I  am  very  happy  Doctor,  to  welcome  you  in  at  the  death.  Perhaps  belongs 
to  a  set,  see  No.  8541,  &c. 
c.  12  X  18  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  43. 

9649  ARISTOCRACY  AND  DEMOCRACY. 
G  M  Woodward  del 

London  Pu¥  by  W  Holland  N"  50  Oxford  St  June  9  .  .  .  [?  1800]* 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  haughty  peer  (1.),  wearing  the  ribbon 
(incorrectly  coloured  red)  and  star  of  the  Garter,  stands  in  profile  to  the  r. 
'making  a  leg'  with  r.  toe  advanced.  He  is  chapeau-bras  with  arms  behind 
his  back,  head  thrown  scornfully  back,  looking  under  dropped  eyelids 
at  a  fat  John  Bull,  wearing  old-fashioned  dress  with  a  cocked  hat  in  which 
is  a  large  tricolour  cockade.  The  latter,  one  hand  in  his  coat  pocket,  the 
other  on  his  stick,  looks  up  at  the  'aristocrat'  with  quizzical  disparagement. 
He  is  a  'cit',  entirely  different  from  the  usual  'democrat'  in  caricature,  cf. 
No.  8310. 
9|X7|in. 

9650  SALLY  OF  OUR  ALLEY 
Woodward  del 

London  Pub  [Holland]  N°  50  Oxford  Sir*  April  1800 

Engraving  (coloured  expression).  A  grotesquely  ugly  man  standing  in 
profile  to  the  1.  chucks  under  the  chin  a  taller  woman,  negroid,  bandy- 
legged, and  hideous,  who  looks  at  him  coyly.  Above  the  design: 

Of  all  the  Girls,  that  are  so  smart, 

There's  none  like  pretty  Sally! 
(From  Henry  Carey's  best-known  poem.) 
9f  X7I  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  189. 

9651  A  WELCH  JUSTICE.  [?c.  1800] 

Woodward  Del    [  ?  I.  Cruikshank  f.] 

Engraving  (coloured  expression).  A  fat  elderly  justice  sits  at  his  table  (r.) 
clutching  his  head.  He  is  drink-blotched  and  wears  old-fashioned  dress 
with  slippers.  He  says  to  a  shrewish  countrywoman,  who  faces  him, 
bawling :  Look  you  coot  woman,  all  you  say  may  be  ferry  true. — but  hur  makes 
it  a  rule  never  to  hear  put  one  side  of  the  question; — for  if  hur  hears  poth; 

*  Title  from  MS.  index.  *  Perhaps  earlier. 

661 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND   PERSONAL  SATIRES 

it  pothers  hur  poor  prains,  in  such  a  manner  hur  does  not  know  what  hur  is 
apout.  A  delighted  man  (1.)  stands  behind  the  woman,  grinning  broadly. 
8jgX  13  in.  'Caricatures',  viii.  94. 

9652  YAE OUGH,  CAVE  AMICE.  |  TAKE  HEED  MY  FRIEND. 

Pub.  Feby  II.  1800  by  S.W.  Fores,  N"  50.  Piccadilly.    Folios  of 

Caracatures  lent  out  for  the  Evening. 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).   An  altered  and  much  enlarged  copy  of 
No.  4107  (1764),  a  Dublin  print.  A  man,  full-face,  yawns  violently,  the 
head  and  part  of  the  shoulders  only  appearing,  with  the  fingers  of  the 
1.  hand  raised  to  the  head.  See  No.  9653 ;  cf.  No.  9467. 
9|X7f  in. 

9653  A  COMPANION  TO  YAE OUGH.  |  GAPING  IS  CATCH- 
ING. I 

Engraving.  Imprint  as  No.  9652.  An  altered  and  much  enlarged  copy  of 

No.  4108.  A  woman's  head  in  profile  to  the  1.,  yawning. 

9|X7iin. 

9654  PETTICOAT  GOVERNMENT  [OR  THE  SCRIPTURE  FUL- 
FILL'D]  [i8oo]i 

JMx 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  young  woman  stands  on  the  bowed 
back  of  a  fat  old  *cit',  and  drives  him  (1.  to  r.)  with  reins  (held  in  his  mouth) 
and  whip.  She  is  meretricious-looking,  with  bare  breasts ;  feathers  are  in 
her  hair.  Horns  sprout  from  the  husband's  wig,  he  wears  old-fashioned 
dress  and  supports  himself  with  a  stick.   Beneath  the  title:  [The  Husband 

hath  not  Power  over  his  Ozon  Body but  the  Wife"  \  J*'  of  Corinth. 

4^^   Verse] 

Reproduced,  Fuchs  und  Kind,  Die  Weiberherrschaft,  1913,  i.  114. 
8JX5fin.   Cropped. 

9655  BLOOD  &  BONE!!! 

[Cawse.] 

Publish^  Jany  ^*  1800  by  SW  Fores  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  thin  and  grotesquely  ugly  man 
gallops  (r.  to  1.)  on  an  equally  thin  and  misshapen  horse.  He  clutches  the 
single  rein  awkwardly,  and  his  legs  are  bent  back  from  the  knee.  A  sign- 
post indicates  Rotten  Row,  his  dress  shows  that  he  aims  at  fashion.  In  the 
background  (1.)  a  rider  is  freely  sketched  on  what  is  intended  to  be  a 
(curiously  drawn)  well-bred  mount. 

Cf.  No.  7233,  a  similar  subject,  and  No.  7242  for  the  *cit'  in  Hyde  Park. 
9|x  12  in.  'Caricatures',  ix.  37. 

9656  COLLEGE  INDOLENCE  [?c.  1800] 
WG 

Engraving.   Design  in  an  oval.  Two  young  men  sit  by  a  fire,  asleep.  The 
principal  figure,  in  profile  to  the  r.,  puts  his  feet  on  the  chimney-piece, 
leaning  forward.    On  the  wall  hang  cap  and  gown.   A  wall-mirror  and 
picture  are  indicated.   Etched  by  an  amateur. 
3i3jX2f  in. 

'  So  dated  by  Fuchs,  from  whom  the  inscriptions  in  brackets  are  taken ;  perhaps 
earlier. 

662 


PERSONAL  AND  SOCIAL  SATIRES  180O 

9656  a  college  indolence  [?<:.  x8oo] 

WG 

Another  version  of  No.  9656.  There  is  only  one  man,  who  leans  back  in 
his  chair,  feet  on  the  chimney-piece.   A  dog  sleeps  by  the  fire.   On  the 
ground  are  jockey-cap,  top-boots,  and  playing-cards. 
3i3gX2|in. 

9657  [COLLEGE  SCENE]  [?c.  1800] 

B 

Engraving.  No  title.  A  man  wearing  a  long  academic  gown  sits  facing  a 
fire  in  a  bare  room.  On  his  knee  is  a  closed  book:  Euclid.  A  cat  lies  on  the 
floor.   Etched  by  an  amateur. 
2|X2|in.  (pi.). 

9658  THE  OLD  WOMAN  AND  HER  DAUGHTER. 

Published  12^^  March,  1800,  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53  Fleet  Street, 
London.^ 

Engraving.  The  interior  of  a  bakehouse  realistically  depicted.  An  angry 
old  woman  pushes  a  broom  into  the  arched  aperture  of  the  oven.  Her 
alarmed  husband  stands  behind.  A  thin  baker,  much  amused,  standing 
(r.)  by  a  sack,  points  into  the  oven.  In  the  doorway  stands  a  distressed 
young  woman.  The  long  shovels  for  the  bread  are  in  a  rack;  on  a  shelf 
is  a  large  hour-glass;  mixing-table  and  scales  are  on  the  r.  Beneath  the 
design :  Historians  report,  the  Old  Woman  wou'd  not  have  thought  of  looking 
for  her  Daughter  in  the  Oven,  if  she  had  never  been  there  herself  [one  of  the 
sayings  in  the  collection  attributed  to  George  Herbert,  first  published  in 
Wiifs  Recreations,  1640]. 
4^x6|in. 

9659  THE  FIVE  SENSES.  [?  1800] 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  young  couple  embrace  on  a  sofa,  the 
woman  holds  out  a  rose  in  her  1.  hand  which  her  infant  on  the  extreme  r. 
smells.  The  elderly  husband  watches  round  the  door;  behind  him,  on  the 
extreme  1.,  a  grinning  servant  puts  his  finger  to  his  nose.  Under  the 
characters  (1.  to  r.):  Hearing.  Seeing.  Tasting.  Feeling.  Smelling. 
6fX9iein.                                                                    'Caricatures',  ii.  138. 

9660  GRETNA  GREEN.  [?  1800] 
Engraving  (coloured  impression).  The  blacksmith,  wearing  a  parsonic 
hat,  wig,  and  gown,  stands  in  the  middle  of  his  smithy  between  two  couples. 
He  holds  the  wrist  of  an  elderly  and  eager  woman  (1.),  addressing  a  young 
one  (r.).  Beneath  the  design :  A  Lady  of  Sixty,  and  a  young  woman  of  seventeen, 
lately  presented  themselves  with  their  paramours  at  Gretna  Green.  "Hold 
hold  {said  the  Matrimonial  Vulcan  to  the  Virgin)  you  are  young  and  can  wait 
a  little,  I  see  your  Grandmother  is  impatient,  let  me  put  on  her  fetters  first. 
7^X9  in.                                                                         'Caricatures',  ii.  144. 

'  Not  one  of  the  numbered  series  of  'Drolls';  prints  between  235  (No.  9501)  and 
253  (8  Jan.  1801)  are  missing  from  the  Museum  collection.  Nos.  9559,  9560  appear 
to  belong  to  the  series,  but  are  cropped. 

663 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9661  THE  MISTLETOE— A  CHRISTMAS  TALE. 

Published  12*^  SepV  1800  by  Laurie  &  Whittle,  53,  Fleet  Street, 
London. 

Engraving,  Illustration  to  verses  signed  Laura  Maria  printed  in  three 
columns.  The  interior  of  a  farmhouse  kitchen.  The  elderly  farmer  seated 
by  the  fire  watches  with  rage  his  wife  being  kissed  under  the  mistletoe 
by  a  handsome  young  man.  Men  and  girls  stand  or  sit  round  the  room, 
watching  the  scene. 
6|X9i  in.  Whole  sheet,  19^  x  12  in. 

9662  WINTER. 

London;  Publishd  Au^  26,  1800,  by  P.  Stampa,  N°  j  Dorringion 
Street,  Leather  Lane. 

Mezzotint  (coloured  impression).  A  skating  scene.  An  elderly  man  (r.) 
has  fallen  heavily,  losing  his  wig  and  starring  the  ice.  Two  young  men 
cut  figures.  Behind  are  spectators,  a  man  putting  on  skates,  and  a  tent. 
Similar  in  character  to  the  series  published  by  Bowles,  cf.  Nos.  4567,  5818 
(1779,  1780),  but  cruder  in  drawing. 
12^ X  10  in.  Cannan  Coll.,  No.  263. 

9663  COLD  BROTH  AND  CALAMITY.  [?c.  1800] 

Rowlandson  inv 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Another  version,  reversed  and  altered, 
of  No.  8196  (1792).  A  fat  woman  on  her  back  has  been  added  to  the  group 
of  three  fleeing  men,  and  beside  the  three  men  standing  on  the  bank  is  a  fat 
woman,  horrified  at  the  calamity. 

Grego  notes  that  he  has  seen  several  drawings  on  this  subject  by 
Rowlandson.    Rowlandson,  i.  313. 
c.  4^x61  in.  Cannan  Coll.,  No.  229. 

9664  FREDERIC  LE  GRAND  ROY  DE  PRUSE. 

Published  Sepv  5'*  1800  by  S.  W.  Fores,  at  the  Caracature  Warehouse 
N  50  Piccadilly^ 

Engraving.  A  grotesquely  elongated  rendering  of  a  burlesqued  equestrian 
statue  of  Frederick  the  Great,  the  horse  standing  on  its  hind-legs  and  in 
profile  to  the  1.  The  horse's  tail  terminates  in  the  fanged  head  of  a  serpent. 
So  drawn  that  if  held  horizontally,  at  the  level  of  the  eye,  the  figure  has 
more  normal  proportions. 
15IX2I  in.  'Caricatures',  x.  i. 

'  The  date  has  been  altered  in  pen,  an  earlier  date  being  obliterated,  and  the 
original  '3'  altered  to  50. 


664 


ADDENDA,  c.  1780-c.  1800 

9665  THE  CONTRAST.— A  PARK  SCENE. 

Deighton  del.  [?  c.  1780] 

Engraving.  Probably  from  a  book.  A  tall  man  wearing  a  star  (1.)  turns  his 
head  in  profile  to  look  down  at  a  short  lady  who  walks  with  her  hand  in 
the  crook  of  his  elbow.  Trees  form  a  background;  the  towers  of  West- 
minster Abbey  indicate  St.  James's  Park. 

He  resembles  Lord  Sandwich,  cf.  No.  7421. 
5^X3f  in. 

9666  A  NORTH-ERN  ASS 

[W.  Hutchinson.]!  [1784] 

Engraving.  A  braying  ass  walks  r.  to  1.,  excreting  on  an  escutcheon  with 
the  motto  Diem  Perdidi.  A  headless  man  rides  the  ass,  carrying  a  man 
on  his  shoulders.  Each  holds  a  scroll,  the  former:  The  Irish  Faction  for 
ever;  the  latter:  Coal  owners  Bill.  The  man  with  a  head  says:  /  serv'dyou 
as  long  as  could  stand',  from  his  pocket  issues  a  scroll:  A  command  in  India. 
The  ass  brays :  Thus  I  go  to  Parliament  and  am  not  the  first  Ass  that  has 
farted  for  Preferment,  but  this  is  dirty  work  and  hard  Labour.  Its  collar  is 
inscribed  I  speak  for  my  Master,  and  is  labelled:  Populus  me  Sibilat  et 
plaudo  ipse  domi.  Scrolls  are  tied  to  the  saddle:  Curse  all  Pitts  \  But  a 
Coal  Pitt. 

On  the  ground  are  a  mitre,  crosier,  and  sword  Jabelled  At  rest.  Behind 
(I.)  are  four  cards:  the  ace  and  knave  of  clubs  and  two  cards  inscribed 
Election  Speech  and  Turnpike  Speech.  On  the  extreme  r.  is  a  mile-stone: 
From  Durham  T  :C  J  :E  14.  April  1784. 

A  satire  on  the  election  for  County  Durham  in  1784.   The  men  are 
evidently  Sir  Thomas  Clavering  (1719-94),  M.P.  Co.  Durham  1768-90, 
and  Sir  John  Eden  (1740-1812),  eldest  brother  of  Lord  Auckland,  M.P. 
Co.  Durham  1774-90. 
6JX7|in.  (pi.). 

9667  THE  LADIES  PETITION  FOR  TWO  HUSBANDS 

London,  Publish' d  i"^  Jany  1784,  by  J.  Sharpe. 

Engraving.   Dr.  Madan,  wearing  bands,  seated  in  an  arm-chair,  receives 
a  deputation  of  six  women  whose  leader  presents  a  paper:  Petition  \  Sir  \ 
We  humbly  Crave  j  that  Two  husbands  \  each  may  |  Have.   A  label  issues 
from  the  mouth  of  each,  containing  a  single  line  of  verse,  the  first  two: 
For  One  alone  Cannot  our  want's  supply. 
Nor  Half  our  Wishes  Gratify. 

Beneath  the  design:  The  humble  Petition  of  Mrs  Mary  Mouthwater,  .  .  . 
(&c.,  &c.)  to  the  Rev^  D*"  Thelypthora,  praying  to  reverse  the  doctrine  of 
Polygamy  &  to  prove  from  deep  Antiquity  that  every  Woman  ought  of  right 
to  have  two  Husbands,  instead  of  permitting  each  man  to  take  two  Wives. 

A  satire  on  Madan's  Thelypthora  (1780)  advocating  polygamy,  which 
roused  a  storm  of  protest,  causing  him  to  resign  his  chaplaincy  of  the 
Lock  Hospital.   See  Nos.  5768,  &c.,  9671. 
8ixi2iin. 

'  So  endorsed. 

66s 


CATALOGUE  OF  "POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

9668  A  SMOCK-RACE  AT  TOTTENHAM-COURT  FAIR. 

[1784]^ 
Engraving.  A  crude  print  on  coarse  paper  with  many  figures.  On  the  r. 
is  the  corner  of  a  house  in  the  City  Road,  the  sign  of  the  Kings  Head;  a 
pole  from  which  the  smock  is  suspended  projects  from  a  first-floor 
window.  Beneath  it  stands  a  man  holding  up  a  pot  of  beer,  and  other 
spectators  cheering  on  the  women  who  run  from  the  1.  One  (1.)  falls  over 
a  sow  and  her  litter.  A  dog  with  a  saucepan  tied  to  its  tail  increases  the 
confusion ;  an  old  apple-woman  has  fallen.  A  chimney-sweep  and  a  small 
boy  bestride  an  ass;  another  ass  kicks  violently  and  throws  its  rider,  a 
ragged  boy.  In  the  background  a  woman  is  being  tossed  by  a  bull.  There 
are  other  incidents.  On  the  1.  is  a  corner  house  in  Tottenham  Court  Road, 
with  spectators  looking  from  the  windows.  Opposite  is  the  Adam  and  Eve 
tea-garden,  with  its  sign  over  the  gateway. 
14!  X  19 1  in.  Grace  Coll.  xxxi,  No.  10. 

9669  RECONCILIATION  OR  THE  RETURN  FROM  SCOTLAND. 

T.  Rowlandson  fed 

London    Printed  &  Published  ly  Dec:  178$  by  W.  Hinton  N°  5 
Sweetings  Alley  Royal  Exchange. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  sequel  to  No.  6861.  The  bride,  hold- 
ing a  handkerchief  to  her  eye,  and  the  young  husband  (1.),  wearing  regi- 
mentals, advance  into  a  well-furnished  room ;  a  delighted  liveried  servant 
eagerly  places  a  chair  for  her.  By  the  fire-place  (r.)  are  the  middle-aged 
parents ;  the  mother  has  risen,  the  father  turns  in  his  chair  with  gesture  and 
expression  of  reproachful  welcome.  Behind  (1.)  in  the  doorway  two  maid- 
servants register  surprised  delight.  On  the  wall  are  two  pictures :  ( ?)  the 
prodigal  son  among  swine,  and  the  prodigal's  return.  There  is  an  ornate 
chimney-piece  in  the  Adam  manner. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  17 1-2  (reproduction). 
9X13  in. 

9670  AN  ITALIAN  FAMILY. 

Rowlandson,  deP  S.  Aiken,  fecit. 

London,  Pu¥  Dec""  1785,  by  S.  Aiken  N"  3  Dufours  Place  Broad 
Street  Soho.  Sold  by  W.  Hinton  N<'  5  Sweeting  Alley  Cornhill. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  9686.  Italians, 
in  a  poverty-stricken  room,  practise  for  opera.  A  young  man  stands  full- 
face,  singing;  he  bends  forward,  fingers  interlaced  across  his  chest.  He 
wears  open  shirt  (ruffled),  waistcoat,  breeches,  and  ungartered  stockings. 
Beside  him  (r.)  an  old  man  plays  an  enormous  'cello.  A  middle-aged  man, 
seated  in  profile,  singing,  plays  a  low  harpsichord;  he  wears  open  ruffled 
shirt  and  breeches,  with  bare  legs.  Beside  him  on  the  extreme  1.  a  little 
boy  dressed  in  a  shirt  plays  the  violin.  On  the  extreme  r.  a  pretty 
young  woman  sits  over  the  fire  with  an  infant  on  her  knee ;  she  holds  out 
a  cloth  to  dry,  looking  over  her  shoulder  to  sing.  Her  score  {Affetuoso)  is 
pinned  to  the  chimney-piece,  on  which  stands  a  crucifix  with  a  tankard,  &c. 
A  lean  greyhound  howls  up  the  chimney.  All  but  the  old  man  have 
fashionably  dressed  hair,  and  a  certain  elegance.  The  room  is  lit  from  an 
open  casement  window  (1.) ;  there  are  dark  cast  shadows  and  the  bare  room 
'  Cropped.  So  dated  in  Grace  Collection  Catalogue. 
666 


ADDENDA,   C.   IjSo-C.  1800 

has  no  ceiling.  On  the  wall  are  a  print  of  Vestris^  dancing,  a  sword,  a 
play-bill :  L'Avaro  Deluso  (opera  by  Paisiello,  libretto  by  Vulpius),  and  a 
bunch  of  farthing  dips;  on  the  window  ledge  a  cracked  mirror,  cocked 
hat,  bottles,  &c.  Beneath  the  harpsichord  is  a  large  bowl :  Macaroni;  and  in 
the  foreground  lie  a  violin,  music-books,  earthenware  pots,  &c. 

The  water-colour  was  exhibited  at  the  R.A.  1784  (R.A.  Catalogue). 
See  Memoirs  of  Angela,  1904,  i.  18 1-2. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  58,  170,  314-15  (reproduction). 
13  X 17!  in.   With  border,  15!  X  20p  in. 

9671  THE  TRIUMPH  OF  HIPOCRISY. 

S  Collings  del^  Etched  by  T  Rowlandson 

Pub  by  E.  Jackson  N°  14  Mary  le  bone  Streety  Golden  Square  [Jan. 
17873] 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  fat  woman  (1.)  sits  on  the  side  of  her 
bed,  her  hand  clasped  by  a  lean  man  wearing  clerical  bands,  who  sits 
beside  her,  leaning  avidly  forward.  Her  breast  is  immodestly  exposed; 
she  throws  her  eyes  up  sanctimoniously;  on  her  lap  is  an  open  book: 
Pilgrim's  Progress  Knock  and  it  shall  be  opened  unto  you.  The  man's  foot 
rests  on  an  open  Holy  Bible  The  Spirit  is  willing  but  the  Flesh  is  weak ;  this 
lies  beside  his  hat.  A  cat  miaows  at  the  pair.  To  the  bed-curtain  is  pinned 
a  paper:  Prices  at  Smithfield  Beef .  .  Veal .  .  Mutton  .  .  Lamb  .  .  Pork  .  .  . 
A  paper  protrudes  from  under  the  pillow:  Thelypthora  (Madan's  work 
on  polygamy,  see  No.  9667,  &c.).  Beside  the  bed  (1.)  are  a  bottle,  glass,  and 
paper  inscribed  On  Regeneration.  On  the  panelled  wall  are  three  framed 
prints,  evidently  standard  publications  of  Bowles,  but  larger  than  their 
actual  size :  Hieroglyphics  of  the  Christian  and  Hieroglyphics  of  the  Natural 
Man,  freely  sketched  emblematical  trees  with  figures.  These  are  pious  and 
cautionary  prints  (impressions  in  'Caricatures',  iii.  52,  53,  cf.  Catalogue, 
vi.  215).  Next  them  is  the  well-known  H.L.  print  of  Whitefield  preaching, 
shown  in  the  window  of  John  Bowles's  shop  in  No.  5220.  Above  the  door 
is  a  print  of  the  Foundling  Hospital. 

Through  a  doorway  (r.)  the  unsuspecting  fat  husband  is  seen  amiably 
nursing  an  infant,  whom  he  feeds  with  pap.  Above  his  head  is  a  H.L. 
portrait  of  Albert,  evidently  an  allusion  to  the  complacent  husband  in 
Goethe's  Sorrows  of  Werther  (or  in  Reynolds's  play,  Werter),  the  subject 
of  a  set  of  prints  by  Rowlandson  after  Collings,  see  No.  7055. 

In  the  companion  print  (reproduction,  Grego,  i.  210),  The  Triumph  of 
Sentiment,  a  fat  butcher  is  overcome  by  the  tragedy  of  Werter;  prints  of 
the  characters  are  on  the  wall  of  his  shop. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  211  (reproduction), 
lof  X  14J  in.   With  border,  i2j^8X  16J  in. 

9672  SMITHFIELD  SHARPERS 

Painted,  by  T.  Rowlandson  EtcKd  by  I.  K.  Sherwin  [c.  1787] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Seven  men  (T.Q.L.)  are  grouped 
round  a  card-table  in  a  Smithfield  tavern.  One  (r.),  young  and  innocent, 
inspects  his  cards;  beside  him  an  older  countryman  lies  back  asleep  (r.), 
his  dog  resting  his  head  on  his  knee.   The  other  gambler  (1.),  holding  his 

'  Resembling  Nos.  5905,  5906. 

^  Partly  in  water-colour,  outside  plate-mark. 

2  So  dated  by  Grego. 

667 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

cards,  looks  at  his  victim.  Three  onlookers  have  crafty  expressions.  A  fat 
man,  smoking,  approaches  with  a  bowl  of  punch.  In  the  bar  (1.)  a  fat 
woman  chalks  up  a  score.  Coins,  a  watch,  and  pocket-book  are  on  the 
table.  A  broken  mirror  and  a  picture  of  a  horse  decorate  the  walls.  Beneath 
the  table  are  twelve  lines  describing  the  sleep  of  'Old  Trusty'  while  his 
son  is  cheated  by  'the  Harpy-Tribe', 

By  forcing  liquor,  winking,  nodding. 
The  original  was  exhibited  at  the  R.A.  in  1787,  under  the  title  of 
Countryman  and  Sharpers  (R.A.  Catalogue).  The  card-playing  sharper  is 
a  portrait  of  Rowlandson,  the  country  lad  is  reputed  to  be  J.  K.  Sherwin ; 
though  this  seems  unlikely,  since  Sherwin  was  then  thirty-six,  the  identifica- 
tion is  supported  by  the  self-portrait  of  the  engraver. 

In  The  Gamesters,  a  mezzotint  by  Ward,  after  Peters,  1786,  the  card- 
sharper  holding  an  ace  behind  his  back  is  Rowlandson^ ;  the  resemblance 
to  the  card-player  in  this  plate,  and  in  a  mezzotint,  A  Game  at  Cribbage,^ 
is  convincing. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  46. 
ii^X  i6|  in.  (cropped). 

9673  [THE  DOCTOR  DISTURBED]^ 

[Rowlandson.]  [?<:.  1788] 

Engraving.  An  elderly  spectacled  doctor  sits  on  a  sofa  beside  a  young 
woman  (r.)  in  hat  and  cloak.  They  are  taken  aback  by  the  entry  (1.)  of  an 
irate  middle-aged  man,  carrying  hat  and  cane.  The  wall  is  covered  by  jars 
of  specimens,  &c.,  a  retort,  skeleton  torso,  and  skull,  ranged  on  two 
shelves.  A  draped  sash-window  and  carved  door-lintel  give  an  impression 
of  prosperity. 
7fX9f  in. 

9674  [GEORGE  III  AND  STABLE-BOYS]  [?  1788] 

[Rowlandson.] 

Engraving.  George  III,  wearing  a  small  crown,  a  ribbon  and  star,  and 
riding-boots,  sits  outside  a  low  building  ( .'*  stable)  to  which  a  horse  is  tied. 
He  turns  his  head  in  profile  to  talk  to  a  stable-boy  (1.)  with  a  curry-comb. 
Two  others  are  much  amused.  On  his  1.  wrist  sits  an  owl  wearing  bands. 
A  boy  (r.)  brings  a  cup  of  Sack.  An  amused  elderly  man  stands  in  the 
shadow  of  the  stable  door.  In  the  background  (1.)  is  Windsor  Castle  on 
a  steep  hill. 

Similar  in  character  to  plates  illustrating  verses  by  Peter  Pindar.  Perhaps 
a  book  illustration  on  the  theme  of  the  King's  fondness  for  foolish  jokes, 
cf.  No.  9003.   Possibly  some  reputed  incident  at  the  beginning  of  his  ill- 
ness, cf.  No.  7374. 
6|x8|  in.  (cropped). 

9675  VELUTI  IN  SPECULUM. 

[Rowlandson.]  [?c.  1788] 

Engraving.  The  Devil  crouches  behind  a  magic  lantern  whose  handle  he 
is  turning.  Its  light  is  thrown  on  a  draped  sheet,  speared  to  the  wall  by 
a  fork.  Facing  the  lantern,  life-size  and  realistic,  but  apparently  displayed 

'  Said  tb  be  the  Prince  of  Wales,  according  to  Challoner  Smith  (iv.  1485). 

*  Photograph  in  Print  Room  from  A.  de  R.  Coll.  (xii.  142). 

*  Cropped;  title  from  a  pencil  note. 

668 


ADDENDA,   C.   1780-C.  1800 

by  the  lantern,  stand  (1.  to  r.)  Fox,  Sheridan,  and  Lansdowne.  Each  stands 
as  if  speaking  in  Pariiament:  Fox,  with  r.  hand  in  his  breeches  pocket, 
1.  fist  raised  for  a  downward  thrust;  Sheridan  stooping  forward  as  if 
expounding,  r.  forefinger  extended,  1.  fist  half  raised ;  Lansdowne  smiling 
blandly.  The  Devil  points  at  Fox;  an  angry  man  at  his  side  (r.)  threatens 
Fox  with  fist  and  bludgeon. 

Since  the  date  is  uncertain,  the  political  interpretation  is  obscure.  The 
plate  is  folded  and  was  probably  a  book  illustration. 
8JX7|in. 

9676  THE  ENGLISH  ADDRESS.  [Feb.  1789] 
A  water-colour  by  Rowlandson,  intended  to  be  engraved,  signed  i7.  Wigstead 
invert.  Pitt,  grotesquely  thin  and  knock-kneed,  stands  on  a  platform  with 
the  Duke  of  Richmond,  who  holds  in  chains  the  Prince  of  Wales  (r.), 
wearing  a  feathered  coronet  as  in  No.  7474.  He  addresses  a  pack  of 
mastiffs  (1.),  who  obsequiously  bay  their  Thanks.  He  says:  Gentlemen  I 
have  chaind  up  your  Prince — your  Enemies  may  insult  him  as  they  please 
he  cannot  resent  it.  I  expect  to  receive  all  your  thanks  for  this  service  I  have 
done  your  constitution — should  a  war  break  out  you  have  now  nobody  to  defend 
you — look  up  to  me  gentlemen  as  your  Saviour — /  will  only  Tax  you  a  little 
more  and  quarter  a  few  more  of  my  needy  relations  on  you  and  will  then 
retire  to  my  new  office  of  Treasurer  &  Secretary  at  B — ck — gh — m  House. 
Richmond,  raising  a  clenched  fist,  says:  Billy's  virtue  is  bum  proof  gentle- 
men— he  is  well  fortified  in  his  own  good  works. 

A  satire  on  the  regency  restrictions  (see  No.  7488,  &c.),  similar  in  charac- 
ter and  intention  to  No.  7474.  The  title  probably  derives  from  the  Irish 
Address  to  the  Prince,  see  No.  751 1,  &c.  For  the  Addresses  to  Pitt  see 
Nos.  7392,  7393,  8266.  The  King's  recovery  may  have  prevented  the 
publication  of  the  design. 
6^  X  8^  in. 

9677  THE  DULL  HUSBAND 

Rowlandson  lySg 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    A  charming  lady,  elegantly  dressed,, 
plays  the  harp  and  sings  close  to  her  unconscious  husband,  asleep  in  a 
stiff  arm-chair.   Pose  and  expression  are  both  provoked  and  provocative. 
Behind  her  (r.)  is  a  square  piano  with  an  open  music-book,  at  her  feet  a 
lute-like  instrument  and  a  music-book.   An  oval  fire-screen  protects  the 
man's  head  from  a  blazing  fire  in  a  fire-place  of  Adam  type.  A  picture 
of  ( ?)  Apollo  with  a  lyre  is  in  an  ornate  frame. 
Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  266-7  (reproduction). 
5f  X  7t6  i"^-  With  border,  6f  x  8|  in. 

9678  DRESSING  FOR  A  BIRTHDAY. 

Rowlandson.  iy88 

Designed  &  Published  as  the  Act  directs^  March  3. 17 8g  by  S  WFores^ 
N  3  Piccadilly 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  9680.  A  fat 
and  ugly  lady  (1.)  and  a  young  and  pretty  one  (r.)  are  being  dressed  for 
a  Birthday  at  St.  James's.  A  huge  wig  decked  with  feathers  and  roses  is 

'  The  final  '9'  and  the  publisher's  name,  &c.,  have  been  written  in  pen  over  an 
erased  inscription.  Dated  1790  in  Grego. 

669 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

being  placed  by  a  maid  on  the  bald  head  of  the  elder  lady,  who  stands 
holding  a  bouquet  and  looking  in  a  mirror  which  reflects  a  delighted  grin. 
A  little  black  page  supports  the  mirror ;  he  turns  to  a  dog  which  fawns  on 
him.  Another  maid  fastens  in  front  a  false  'derriere',  which  will  distend 
her  dress  below  the  waist,  see  No.  7100,  &c.  The  girl  is  seated;  a  friseur 
dresses  her  long  hair;  a  man-milliner,  chapeau-bras,  prepares  to  adjust  a 
'derriere' ;  she  touches  approvingly  the  dress  which  an  ugly  old  woman 
wearing  a  hat  holds  out  to  her.  On  the  floor  is  a  round  box  containing 
roses. 

For  the  new  dresses  which  were  obligatory  on  a  royal  birthday  see 
Mme  d'Arblay,  Diary ^  4  June  1787,  &c. 

The  original  water-colour  (with  the  title  'Dressing  for  a  Masquerade', 
see  No.  9680)  is  reproduced,  S.  Sitwell,  English  Narrative  Pictures,  1937, 
pi.  18. 

Grego,  Rozvlandson,  i.  272. 
ii|x  lyi  in.   With  border,  i3jf  X  19I  in. 

9679  LA  PLACE  VICTOIRE  A  PARIS 

Rowlandson  del^  S.  Aiken  [Sc*] 

London.    Pu¥  Nov^  lySg  hy  S.  Aiken  N°  2.  Francis  Street.  East. 

Bedford  Square. 
Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  An  arc  of  the  symmetrical  houses  of  the 
Place  des  Victoires  (built  by  Mansard  in  1686)  forms  a  background  to  an 
animated  scene,  the  principal  group  being  round  the  statue  (burlesqued) 
of  Louis  le  Grand.  A  charming  lady  walks  (r.  to  1.)  with  her  hand  on  the 
arm  of  a  grim  abbe,  whose  hands  are  in  a  muff.  A  two-wheeled 
chair  is  pulled  by  one  man  and  pushed  by  two  others;  its  occupant,  a  lean 
Frenchman,  looks  up  ecstatically  at  the  statue.  A  stout  English  tourist 
wearing  jack-boots  and  a  lady  in  a  riding-habit  watch  the  scene,  amused. 
Their  mastiff^  looks  threateningly  at  a  slim  greyhound.  Beside  them  stands 
a  bare-footed  monk.  In  the  middle  distance  (r.)  three  monks,  the  leader 
holding  a  crucifix,  file  past  a  coach  at  the  back  of  which  four  footmen 
stand,  one  behind  the  other;  the  occupants,  a  lady  and  gentleman,  face 
each  other  in  animated  conversation.  In  the  foreground  (1.),  beside  the 
overturned  stool  of  a  de'crotteur,  a  grotesque  mannikin  fiddles  to  a  dancing 
dog.  The  towers  and  roof  of  Notre  Dame  are  seen  above  the  houses  in  the 
background,  a  topographical  impossibility. 

The  statue  was  pulled  down  by  the  mob  on  11  Aug.  1792,  see  pi.  to 
Les  Revolutions  de  Paris,  No.  161,  reproduced  E.  F.  Henderson,  Symbol 
and  Satire  in  the  French  Revolution,  1912,  p.  263.  The  two-wheeled  chair 
or  brouette  of  Paris  was  an  object  of  ridicule  to  the  English  tourist,  see 
No.  4932 ;  Cole  called  it  'one  of  the  most  whimsical  conveyances  I  ever 
saw,  very  little  superior  to  a  wheelbarrow'.  Journal  of  my  Journey  to  Paris 
in  1765,  193 1,  p.  49.  Cf.  No.  4919,  after  Bunbury,  also  of  the  Place  des 
Victoires. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  262-6. 
13 1 X  2o|  in.    Border  cropped. 

9680  DRESSING  FOR  A  MASQUERADE. 
Rowlandson  ijgo — 

Pub,  April  I.  lygo  hy  S  W  Fores  N.  3  Piccadilly. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  companion  print  to  No.  9678.   Four 

pretty  young  women  are  in  different  stages  of  dress ;  a  fat  woman  dressed 

670 


ADDENDA,   C.   JjSo-C.  1800 

as  (?)  a  nun,  holding  a  bottle  and  glass,  resembles  a  bawd.  One  (I.)  is 
having  her  lank  hair  combed  by  a  hair-dresser.  One,  completely  dressed, 
stands  in  a  chair  to  see  her  reflection  in  the  small  mirror  held  by  a  squalid 
and  elderly  woman.  She  wears  a  quasi-oriental  high-crowned  turban  with 
floating  draperies;  one  breast  is  bare;  she  holds  a  mask.  A  young  woman 
wearing  a  huge  cocked  hat,  shirt,  and  breeches,  puts  on  a  stocking,  her 
foot  supported  on  an  overturned  chair.  The  fourth,  wearing  mask  and 
large  feathered  hat,  adjusts  a  'derriere'  over  her  petticoat,  standing  before 
a  dressing-table  and  mirror.  On  the  floor  are  a  make-up  box,  mask,  band- 
box, &c. 

They  are  clearly  courtesans,  who  were  prominent  visitors  to  fashionable 
masquerades.  Cf.  Lond.  Chron.,  17  Feb.  1799  (apropos  their  recent 
exclusion  by  a  legal  decision  from  the  pit  at  the  Opera) :  They  'added,  if 
not  to  the  decorum,  at  least  to  the  mirth  of  the  evening'.  For  the  'derriere' 
see  No.  6874,  &c. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  272. 
i2|x  17]^  in.   With  border,  i^\x  i8|  in. 

9681  TITHE  PIG. 
Rowlandson. 

Pub.  Jan.  I.  1790.  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly. 

Aquatint  (coloured  impression).  An  obese  and  gouty  parson  (1.)  reclines 
in  an  arm-chair,  inspecting  through  an  eye-glass  a  sucking-pig  which  a 
buxom  maidservant  brings  in  on  a  dish.  She  shows  it  to  the  clerk,  who 
sits  beside  the  parson,  with  a  paper:  An  Estimate  of  the  Tythes  of  this  Parish. 
The  latter  sniffs  at  the  pig's  snout.  Two  dogs  eagerly  fawn  on  the  maid. 
Through  the  doorway  (r.)  a  lean  yokel  sourly  scratches  his  head,  waiting 
for  the  verdict  on  his  pig.  The  parson's  swathed  leg  is  supported  on  a 
stool ;  beside  him  are  a  bottle  and  glass,  a  crutch  and  chamber-pot.  On  the 
wall  is  a  picture  of  a  group  of  church  spires,  suggesting  that  he  is  a  pluralist, 
though  the  room  is  bare  and  old-fashioned. 

The  tithe  pig  was  a  favourite  subject,  indicating  clerical  gluttony  as  well 
as  the  grievance  of  tithes,  cf.  Nos.  4951,  6209,  6737,  6877,  9138. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  268  (reproduction). 
8^Xio|  in. 

9682  THE  DISSECTING  ROOM. 

From  the  original  by  Rowlandson In  the  possession  of  William 

Tiffin  Heft.  Esq'' [  ?  c.  1790]^ 

TC.  Wilson  lith. 

Lithograph  (coloured  impression).  A  realistic  study,  touched  with  satire. 
Two  bodies  are  being  dissected.  Two  men  (seated)  are  at  work  on  the 
body  which  forms  the  centre  of  the  design.  Behind  the  trestle-table  the 
lecturer,  wearing  dark  spectacles,  stands,  pointing  down;  round  him  are 
grouped  students  who  listen  and  watch.  On  the  r.  a  man  sits  with  his  back 
to  the  room,  dissecting.  An  elderly  surgeon  stands  over  him  chapeau-bras, 
inspecting  the  work  through  an  eyeglass.  In  the  foreground  (1.)  a  body 
lying  half  in  a  box  is  being  disembowelled  by  an  elderly  man  who  kneels 
on  the  ground.    He  and  anatomists  wear  aprons  and  oversleeves.    The 

'  Manner  and  costxime  suggest  this  as  an  approximate  date.  The  lithograph,  of 
course,  is  much  later. 

671 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

room  has  a  slightly  sloping  roof,  with  a  skylight  running  along  its  1.  side. 
On  the  r.  wall  in  the  foreground  hang  two  skeletons ;  in  the  background  (r.) 
a  third  stands  in  profile  to  the  1.,  as  if  grinning  at  the  scene.  The  skeleton 
of  a  (?)  dog  hangs  from  the  roof.  A  bust  on  a  bracket  (r.)  looks  down 
cynically.  Two  posters  are  on  the  r.  wall:  Rules  to  be  observed  by  those 
Gentlemen  who  Dissect  in — and  Prices  for  Bodys  Male  Subject — Female  D^  — 
Infant — 

Probably  the  dissecting-room  at  Windmill  Street,  and  perhaps  also  a 
satire  on  body-snatching  (cf.  No.  5119).  A  note  confidently  identifies  the 
lecturer  as  Dr.  W.  Hunter  (d.  1783),  with  a  number  of  other  well-known 
doctors  and  surgeons,  including  Smollett,  who  left  England  finally  in  1769. 
The  majority  appear  to  be  students.  Cf.  a  fantastic  design  by  Rowlandson: 
The  Resurrection  .  .  .  in  Windmill  Street,  No.  6127. 
ioXi4igin. 

9683  A  KNOWING  ONE. 
[Dighton.] 

Pub.  Aug.  21.  1790.  by  S  W  Fores  N  3  Piccadilly. 

Photograph  of  an  engraving.  Design  in  an  oval.  A  companion  print  to 
No.  7792  (published  with  the  same  imprint),  and  the  original  of  No.  8037. 
Size  of  original  7  X  5I  in. 

9684  FROM  EATON. 
P.L.  de  Loutherbourg  Fecit. 

London  Pub  by  Wilt*  Holland.  iV"  50.  Oxford  Street.  May:  i.  lygo 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  A  lean  man  walks  in  profile  to  the  r., 
his  hands  in  his  breeches  pockets,  a  long  walking-stick  under  his  r.  arm. 
He  wears  a  very  small  hat,  loose  dishevelled  hair,  and  top-boots.  He  has 
a  long  straight  nose  and  projecting  chin. 

Perhaps  Richard,  ist  Earl  Grosvenor  (1731-1802),  see  No.  4400,  &c. 
The  profile  is  not  inconsistent  with  a  full-face  portrait  by  Reynolds.  For 
a  similar  caricature  by  de  Loutherbourg,  see  'From  the  Haymarkett', 
No.  5361 ;  this  was  reissued,  i  May  1790,  with  others  (not  in  B.M.),  form- 
ing a  set  of  four:  'From  Warwick  Lane',  'From  Soho',  'From  Oxford' 
(A.  de  R.  ii.  50).  See  Memoirs  of  Angela,  1904,  i.  334.  No.  9684  is  perhaps 
one  of  a  second  set  of  four  (originally  issued  in  1776),  including  'From 
Wales'  (A.  de  R.  iii.  27).  It  was  reissued  in  1796  (A.  de  R.  vi.  53). 
6iX4|in.  (pi.). 

9685  JUSTICE  AND  HUMANITY  AT  HOME. 

[Newton.] 

London  Pu¥  May  10,  iyg2  by  Will^  Holland,  N"  50  Oxford  S* 
Photograph  of  an  etching.^    A  soldier,  lashed  to  three  spears,  is  being 
mercilessly  flogged.   He  weeps,  saying,  /  had  rather  be  a  Slave  on  board 
of  Caff  Kimber's  ship.    A  young  officer  says  to  the  fierce-looking  soldier  (1.) 
who  wields  a  cat-o' -nine-tails:  Shezo  him  no  mercy,  or  you  ruin  all  discipline. 
Two  doctors  (r.)  stand  by  the  victim;  one,  looking  through  an  eye-glass, 
says:  /  dont  think  he  can  bear  more  at  this  time-,  the  other,  his  hand  on  the 
man's  pulse,  says :  Yes,  they  may  venture  as  far  as  twenty  more. 
'  In  the  collection  of  Mr.  Minto  Wilson. 
672 


ADDENDA,  C.   I780-180O 

On  the  r.  is  the  corner  of  a  massively  built  prison.  Through  a  barred 
window  looks  a  man,  saying:  Starving  in  Prison  for  a  debt  of  £10.  Against 
the  wall  lies  a  blind,  aged,  and  ragged  beggar,  with  a  dog  on  a  string ;  he 
says:  Bestow  your  Charity  and  save  me  from  perrishing  toith  Hunger  &  Cold. 

On  the  extreme  1.  stands  a  dapper  little  man  in  profile  to  the  r.,  evidently 
Wilberforce,  surveying  the  whole  scene.  He  says :  I  and  my  tribe  must  look 
abroad  for  acts  of  cruelty  and  oppression — This  is  so  near  home  it  is  beneath 
our  notice.  My  Duty  to  my  Maker  teaches  me  thus  to  act.    See  No.  8079,  &c. 

Probably  inspired  by  the  slave-trading  interest,  rather  than  by  humani- 
tarianism:  on  23  April  1792  a  motion  for  gradual  abolition  (1796)  was 
carried,  and  opponents  were  driven  to  obstruction  and  delay,  cf.  No.  8793. 
Original,  i4ix  19!  in. 


9686  A  FRENCH  FAMILY, 

T.  Rowlandson.  delin.  S.  Aiken,  fecit. 

London  Pub^  Nov^  5  iyg2'^  by  S.W.  Fores  N^  3  Piccadilly. 

Engraving,  with  traces  of  aquatint  (coloured  impression).  A  companion 
print  to  No.  9670.  In  a  squalid  room  French  dancers  practise  to  a  fiddle 
played  by  an  older  man  (r.)  who  dances  as  he  plays.  The  parents  of  the 
four  children  dance,  facing  each  other.  She  is  elegant,  buxom,  with  an 
elaborate  feathered  coiffure.  He  is  lean,  wearing  a  tattered  but  well-fitting 
coat  over  bare  legs,  with  sleeve-ruffles  (cf.  the  old  gibe  that  the  French- 
man wore  ruffles  but  no  shirt).  He  wears  a  toupee  wig  with  a  long  queue. 
A  boy  and  girl,  both  with  hair  elaborately  dressed,  dance  together  more 
vigorously.  A  little  girl  (r.)  with  bare  legs  practises  the  first  position,  heels 
together.  On  the  1.  a  boy  plays  the  pipe  and  tambourine  to  two  dogs,  one 
wearing  cloak  and  hat,  whom  he  is  teaching  to  dance.  His  chair  is  the  only 
furniture  except  for  a  truckle-bed  (1.)  turned  up  to  the  wall  and  a  much- 
tilted  wall-mirror  (r.).  A  lean  cat  has  climbed  to  a  small  cupboard  recessed 
in  the  wall  near  the  ceiling  and  licks  a  stoppered  bottle.  The  cupboard 
contains  a  coffee-pot,  a  covered  jar,  &c.  A  print  of  two  clumsy  peasant 
dancers  is  pinned  to  the  wall,  from  which  plaster  has  flaked.  All  practise 
with  serious  concentration. 

Grego,  Rowlandson,  i.  58,  170.  Memoirs  of  Angela,  1904,  i.  181-2. 
13  X 17I  in.  With  border,  13!  x  18  in. 

9687  THE    WESTMINSTER    WATCHMAN    GUARDING    THE 
PEOPLE'S  PROPERTY. 

R  Dighton.  fecit. 

Pu¥  Nov^  20.  lygS.  by  Dighton  Char^  Cross 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Fox  as  a  watchman  (imitated  in  No. 
9508)  sleeps  in  his  box  with  folded  arms.  He  clasps,  in  place  of  his  staff, 
a  club,  the  small  end  of  which  terminates  in  a  crown  and  anchor,  and 
inscribed  This  Club  will  protect  me  Right  or  Wrong.  His  lantern  hangs 
awry  from  the  side  of  the  box,  the  candle  broken  and  guttering  and 
smoking  violently.  On  the  lower  (closed)  half  of  the  box  are  bills ;  one 
large  one,  superimposed  on  others,  is  Wanted  A  Gard'ner  and  to  look  after 
a  Fox,  he  must  attend  his  Duty  in  the  House,  or  he'll  be  of  no  use  to  his 

*  First  published  1785,  see  No.  9670. 

673  X  X 


CATALOGUE  OF  POLITICAL  AND  PERSONAL  SATIRES 

Employers,  enquire  of  the  Westminster  Electors.  This  partly  covers  a  torn 
Pat[ent]  headed  with  the  Royal  Arms.  A  small  bill  is  Lost  a  black  Fox  dog. 
A  satire  on  the  Foxite  secession,  see  No.  9018,  &c.  The  club  indicates 
the  Whig  Club,  whose  meetings  were  often  held  at  the  Crown  and  Anchor 
Tavern,  and  where  Fox  made  political  speeches  during  the  secession,  see 
No.  9434.  For  Fox  as  the  Westminster  Watchman  cf.  No.  9024  and 
No.  6525  (1784).  For  Sir  A.  Gardner  see  No.  8814,  &c. 
6|X5f  in. 

9688  ST  PATRICK  MOUNTED  ON  THE  POPE'S  BULL  APPEAR- 
ING TO  THE  CITY  SAGES.  [?  1800] 

Engraving.  An  Irish  print.  Members  of  the  Dublin  corporation,  wearing 
gowns,  flee  up  a  flight  of  steps  under  an  archway.  They  flee  from  a  deputa- 
tion of  well-dressed  men  headed  by  St.  Patrick  mounted  on  a  bull.  He 
says:  Open  the  Gates  for  my  Children  or  Fll  send  you  all  to  Lough  Derg  with 
Pease  in  your  Brogues.  The  deputation  say:  We  demand  the  Rights  of  Free- 
born Irishmen,  Restored  to  us  by  our  Gracious  King  &  Parliament.  A 
paunchy  man  in  armour  stands  at  the  foot  of  the  steps  saying  to  St.  Patrick 
No  admission  here.  The  fugitives  say:  This  is  worse  than  the  taking  of 
Umbrage  (see  No.  5488);  Send  for  the  Commons  to  save  us,  or  we'll  be  all 

;  Polis!  Polis!  Polis ;  Dont  be  afraid  he  has  no  horns ;  Are  you  sure  he 

has  no  Horns.  A  man  in  robe  and  civic  chain,  coming  up  from  the  1.,  says: 
Upon  my  Sowl  he  looks  very  like  an  Irish  Bull!!! 

The  print  resembles  plates  to  the  Hibernian  Magazine,  but  has  not  been 
traced.  For  St.  Patrick  on  a  bull  cf.  No.  9529,  &c. 
SfX7iiin. 

9689  GROTESQUE  BORDERS  FOR  ROOMS  &  HALLS  No  17 
Woodward  Del  Rozolandson  sculp 
London  Publis  Oct.  25,  1800  by  R  Ackermann  N.  loi  Strand. 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Three  strips  arranged  horizontally, 
belonging  to  the  same  set  as  No.  9488,  &c.  There  are  seven  groups,  five 
grotesque  or  'Lilliputian',  with  large  heads,  the  others  realistic.  One  strip 
is  covered  by  A  Lilliputian  Vauxhall  showing  the  entrance  with  ticket 
office,  a  supper-box,  and  the  orchestra.  Other  scenes  include :  a  Stilish 
Muddy,  a  coach  hung  very  low,  and  with  three  footmen  behind ;  a  military 
band  in  which  the  cymbal-player  and  drummer  are  negroes. 
I2f  X  i8|  in.  Width  of  strip  (with  plain  quarter-inch  border),  4^  in. 

'Caricatures',  ix.  164. 

9690  GROTESQUE  BORDERS  FOR  ROOMS  &  HALLS  N  21. 
Woodward  del  Rowlandson  sculp 
Pub  Oct  2g  1800  by  R  Ackermann  loi  Strand 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    See  No.  9689.   Three  strips  arranged 
horizontally.  There  are  eleven  scenes,  six  being  grotesque  or  'Lilliputian* ; 
these  include  a  City  Barge  (the  aldermen  seated  under  a  central  canopy, 
musicians  in  front  (r.),  rowers  behind)  and  a  game  at  chess. 
izf  X  19  in.  Width  of  strips  (as  above)  4^  in. 

'Caricatures',  ix.  162. 

674 


ADDENDA,   C.   1780-180O 

9691  [BORDERS]  [c.  1800] 

[Woodward  del.]   Etched  by  Rowlandson 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).    Two  strips  arranged  vertically  as  in 

No.  9490.  Each  has  four  scenes,  two  grotesque,  two  realistic,  all  have  two 

figures. 

17!  X8J  in.  (width  of  strip,  with  plain  quarter-inch  border,  c.  4^  in.). 

'Caricatures',  ix.  165. 

9692  [BORDERS]  [c.  1800] 

[Woodward  del.   Rowlandson  f.] 

Engraving  (coloured  impression).  Two  strips  arranged  vertically.   Similar 

to  No.  9691. 

17JX  8|  in.  (width  of  strip,  with  plain  quarter-inch  border,  c.  4J  in.). 

'Caricatures',  ix.  163. 


675 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


Persons  depicted,  mentioned,  or  alluded  to  in  the  prints  are  included,  hut 
not  persons  mentioned  only  in  the  explanatory  notes  {other  than  conjectural  or 
alternative  identifications).  An  asterisk  denotes  a  foreign  print. 


ABERCORN,  Anne  Jane  (Lady  Hat- 
ton)  nde  Gore,  Marchioness  of 
1800 :  9576 

ABERCORN,  Catherine  (Copley),  Mar- 
chioness of  1800 :  9576 

ABERCORN,  John  Jamcs  Hamilton, 
9th  Earl  of,  or.  Marquis  1790 
1800 :  9576 

ABERSHAW,  Jerry  (highwajrman) 
1798:  9218,  9219,  9219  A*,  9231 

ABINGDON,  Willoughby  (Bertie),  4th 
Earl  of  1794:8520.    1796:8784 

ACTON,  Sir  John  Francis  Edward, 
6th  Bart.    1795:8674 

ADAIR,  Robert  (K.C.B.  1809)  1793 : 
8331.   1798:  9240 

ADDINGTON,  Henry  (Speaker,  1798- 
180 1,  cr.  Viscount  Sidmouth 
1805)  1793:  8285,  8303.  1797: 
8980,  8994,  9018.  1798:  9180. 
1799:  9369.  1800:  9511,  9511  A* 

ADDINGTON,  William  (J.P.)  1798: 
9160,  9186 

ADMIRAL,  Henri  1'   1794 :  8464* 

ADOLPHUS    FREDERICK,     PrinCC,     Cr. 

Duke  of  Cambridge  1801    1794: 

8517* 
ADRIAN,  Dr.    1793 :  8342 
ALEMBERT,  Jean  le  Rond  d'    1800: 

9522 

ALLEN,  Thomas   1797 :  9089 
ALLEYNE,  Edward  1797  :  9089 
ALLEYNE,  Mrs.  Joau  1797 :  9089 
ALMON,  John   1798 :  9186 
ALVINTZY,  Baron  Joseph  von  Bar- 

berek   1797 :  9005 
AMELIA,    Princess      1794:    8517*. 

1798 :  9182 
AMHERST,  William  Pitt  (Amherst) 

2nd  Baron  (cr.  earl  1826)    1798 : 

9239 

AMRU   1799 :  9352 

ANSPACH,  Elizabeth  (Berkeley), 
Margravine  of  (Countess  of  Cra- 
ven 1767-91)    1797:  8982 

ANSTEY,  Christopher   1798 :  9335 


ARCHER,  Sarah  (West),  Lady  1793 : 
8388.  1 796 :  8876, 8878, 8879, 8880. 
1797:  8982,  9078,  9079.  1800: 
9570 

ARDEN,  Richard  Pepper  (cr.  Baron 
Alversley  1801)  1795 :  8655,  8681, 
8704,  8707.    1796 :  8826,  8868 

ARMISTEAD      or      ARMSTEAD,       MrS. 

(Elizabeth  Bridget,  nde  Cane,  m. 

1795   C.   J.   Fox)     1793:  8291. 

1798:  9244 
ARMSTRONG,  Mrs.  (?  bawd)    1797: 

8989 
ARTOis,  Charles-Philippe,  Comte  d' 

(Charles  X  1824-30)   1793 :  8304. 

1795 :  8674* 
AUGUSTA  SOPHIA,    Princcss     1793: 

8356.    1794:8517*.    1795:8649. 

1797:  9014,  9015.     1798:  9182. 

1799 :  9398.     1800 :  9528 

AUGUSTUS     FREDERICK,     PrinCC,     Cr. 

Duke    of    Sussex    1801     1794: 
8517*.     1798 :  9182 

BACKHOUSE  (Innkeeper,  Tadcaster) 

1796:8875 
BABEUF,  Fran9ois-Noel   1799:  8369 
BAIRD,  George  Husband  1793 :  943 1 
BANCAL    DES    issARTS,    Jean-Henri 

1793  :  8324,  p.  25 
BANKES,  Henry    1798:  9206 
BANKS,  Sir  Joseph,  K.B.   1795 :  8718 
BANNISTER,  John   1797 :  9086 
BARBAROUX,    Charlcs  -  Jean  -  Marie 

1798 :  9156 
BARCLAY,  George   1799:9379 
BAR^RE  DE  viEUZAC,  Bertrand  1794 : 

8440,  8451,  8514 
BARLOW,  Joel    1799 :  9345 
BARNARD,   Mrs.   Marie  Anne  {nde 

Ireland)   1796 :  8883,  8884 
BARNAVE,   Antoine-P.-J.-M.    1794: 

8475 
BARRAS,    Paul  -  Fran9ois  -  Nicolas, 

Comte  de,    1796:  8829.     1798: 

9224,    9252,   9273.     1799:    9336, 


677 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


9349,  93SO,  935©  A*,  9387,  9392, 
9408,  9416 

BARRiNGTON,  Shutc,  Bishop  of  Dur- 
ham 1798 :  9297,  9299,  9300, 
9301,  9302,  9303 

BARRYMORE,  William  (Blewitt) 
1797 :  9086 

BARTOLOZZi,  Francesco,  R.  A.  1797 : 
9085 

BARWELL,  Richard    1796 :  8824 

BEAULIEU,  General  Jean-Pierre  de, 
1797 :  9057* 

BEAUMONT,  Sir  George  Howland, 
7th  Bart.    1797:9085 

BEDFORD,  Francis  Russell,  5th  Duke 
of  1793:  8332.  1794:  8426. 
1795:  8639,  8648,  8690,  8763. 
1796:  8783,  8786,  8788,  8795, 
8826,  8894.  1797:  8986,  9020, 
9024,  9084.  1798 :  9160,  9167, 
9168,  9171,  9177,  9189,  9191,  9193, 
9199,  9215,  9217,  9217  A*,  9223, 
9227,  9230,  9230  A*,  9233,  9233  A*, 
9240,  9248,  9248  A*,  9258,  9261, 
9262,  9279,  9282,  9282  A*.  1799: 
9340,  9340  A*,  9345,  9347,  9349, 
9369,  9380,  9407,  941 1,  9416,  9434. 
1800:  9521,  9570,  9580 

BEECHEY,  Sir  William,  R.A.  (kt. 
1793)   1797:  9085 

BELGRAVE,  Robert  Grosvenor,  Lord 
(2nd  Earl  Grosvenor  1802,  or. 
Marquis  of  Westminster  183 1) 
1799:  9404 

BELSHAM,  Thomas    1799 :  9345 

BENFIELD,  Paul    1 797 :  9066 

BERESFORD,  (Hon.)  John  1799 :  9395 

BERNADOTTE,  Jeau-Baptiste  Jules 
(Charles  XIV  of  Sweden  181 8- 
44)   1799:9403 

BERTHIER,  Louis-Alcxandre  (Prince 
de  Wagram  1809)    1798 :  9172 

BESSBOROUGH,  Henrietta  (Spencer), 
Countess  of   1800 :  9570 

•betty'   1796 :  8885 

BEURNONVILLE,  Pierre  de  Ruel, 
Marquis  de    1793 :  8324,  p.  25 

BIG  BEN,  see  BRAIN 
BIG  SAM,  see  MCDONALD 

BIGG,  William  Redmore   1797:9085 
BINNS,  John    1798 :  9202 
BIRCH,  Captain  James    1797  :  9037, 
9068 


BIRCH,  Samuel   1795 :  8700 
BLANDFORD,  George  Spencer  (Spen- 
cer-Churchill from  1807),  Mar- 
quis of  (5th  Duke  of  Marlborough 
1817-40)   1800:  9574 

BONAPARTE,  See  BUONAPARTE 

BONAPARTE,  Napolcon  1797 :  8997, 
9005.  1798 :  9164*,  9172,  9180, 
9189,  9194,  9217,  9217  A*,  9240, 
9241,  p.  478*,  9248,  9248  A*,  9252, 

9253,  9255,  9257,  9257  A*,  9260, 
9262,  9263,  9263  A*,  9268,  9274, 

9278.  1799:  9336,  9360,  9371, 
9388,  9403,  9412,  9426,  9427.  9428, 
P-  576,  9431,  9433.  1800:  9509, 
9SI2,     9522,     9523,    9525,    9531, 

9534,  9544,  9544  A* 

BOND,  John  (J.P.)    1798 :  9160,  9186 

BOND,  Oliver  1798:  9244,  9245, 
9245  A* 

bonnier-d'arco,  Ange  -  E.  -  L.  -  A. 
1799 :  9389 

bossey  or  bossy,  Dr.    1795 :  8740 

BOYDELL,  John  (Alderman)  1797: 
9085 

BRAIN,  Ben  (Big  Ben)  1797:  9022, 
9022  A* 

BREADALBANE,  John  Campbell,  4th 
Earl  of  (cr.  Marquess  1 83 1 )  1 795 : 
8732 

BREADALBANE,  Mary  Tumer(Gavin) 
Countess  of  1795 :  8732 

BRESLAW  (conjuror)    1798 :  9286 

BRIDGEWATER,  Francis  Egerton,  3rd 
Duke  of  1796:8843 

BRIDPORT,  Admiral  Sir  Alexander 
Hood,  K.B.,  Baron  (1796),  Vis- 
count 1801  1798 :  9160,  9257, 
9257  A*,  9259.   1799 :  9412.   1800 : 

9513 
BRissoT  DE  WARViLLE,  Jean-Pierre 

1794:  8439,^8453 

BROME,  Louisa  (Gordon),  Vis- 
countess (Marchioness  Comwallis 
1805-50)   1797 :  9084 

BROMLEY,  Henry  (pseud.,  i.e.  An- 
thony Wilson)    1797 :  9064 

BROTHERS,  Richard  1795:  8626, 
8627,  8644,  8646,  8655 

BROWN,  Matthew  Campbell  1794 : 
8510 

BRUEYS  d'aigalliers,  Fran9ois-Paul 
1798:  9252 


678 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


BRUNE,  Guillaume  -  Marie  -  Anne 
1799 :  p.  574 

BRUNSWICK-WOLFENBUTTEL,  Charles 
William  Ferdinand,  Duke  of 
1793:8290.  1794:8421.  1795: 
8674*    1796:8821 

BUCK,  Samuel    1797  :  9056 

BUCKINGHAM,  George  Nugent- 
Temple-Grenville,  Marquis  of 
(2nd  Earl  Temple  to  1784)  1795  : 
8641,8694    1796:8815 

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE,  Albinia,  Cotm- 
tess  of  (Hon.  Mrs.  Hobart  to 
1793)  1793:  8373,  8388.  1794: 
8423,  8521.  1795:  8721.  1796: 
8876,  8877,  8878,  8879,  8880,  8899, 
8902.  1797:  8982,  9078,  9079, 
9080,  9081.  1799:  9459.  1800: 
9570 

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE,  George  Hobart, 
3rd  earl  of   1797  :  9078 

BUCKNER,  Admiral  Charles  1797: 
9021 

BULLER,  Sir  Francis,  ist  Bart.  (1790) 
1798 :  9245,  9245  A* 

BUNBURY,  Sir  Thomas  Charles,  6th 
bart.    1800 :  9559 

BUNBURY,    Henry   William     1799: 

0/1/1-7 

BUONAPARTE,  Carlo   1800 :  9534 
BUONAPARTE,  Letizia    1800 :  9534 
BUONAPARTE,  Napoleon,  see  bona- 

PARTE. 

burdett,  Sir  Francis,  5th  Bart. 
1798:  9213,  9230,  9230  A*  9240, 
9248,  9248  A*,  9261,  9263,  9263  A*, 
9279,  9282,  9282  A*.  1799:  9340, 
9340  A*,  9341,  9345,  9347,  9369, 
9406,  9407,  941 I,  9416,  9434. 
1800:  9511,  9SIIA*,  9515,  9522, 

9524,  9570 
BURGES,  John,  M.D.    1795  :  8717 
BURKE,  Edmund    1793 :  8285,  8315, 
8316,   8338,   8367.1     1795:   8631, 
8647,    8654,    8704.     1796:    8786, 
8788,  8792,  8795,  8796,  8825,  8826, 
8836, 8837, 8842, 8894.  1797  :  9044. 
1798 :  9240,  9286 
BURKE,    Mrs.    Jane,    nee    Nugent 

1792 :  8792 
BURKE,  Richard  (jun.)    1796 :  8788 
BURRARD,  Harry  (Col.  1795,  Major- 
*  Date  uncertain. 


Gen.  1798,  cr.  Bart.  1807)  1797  ; 

9071 
BUTLER,  Simon    1793:  8358 
BYNG,  George    1796:  8782.    1797: 

8986  n.    1798 :  9240.    1799 :  9340, 

9340  A*.    1800:  9548,  9548  A* 

CADE,  Jack  1795 :  8685.   1799  :  9345 

CAMBACER^s,  Jean-Jacqucs  R^gis  de 
1800 :  9509,  9522 

CAMBRIDGE,  Duke  of,  see  Adolphus 
Frederick 

CAMELFORD,  Thomas  Pitt,  2nd 
Baron   1796:8823 

CAMPBELL,  Lady  Charlotte  Susan 
Maria  (m.  1796  Col.  John  Camp- 
bell, 1818  Rev.  John  Bury)  1793 : 
8388.  1795:  8719.  1796:  8896, 
8904.    1799 :  9459 

CAMUS,  Armand  Gaston  1793  :  8324, 

P-25 
CANNING,  Elizabeth  1796 :  8826,8980 
CANNING,     George       1796:     8826. 

1797:  8980,  9038,  9046.     1800: 

9524 
CARLISLE,   Frederick  Howard,   5th 

Earl  of  1793:8332 
CARLYLE,  Alexander,  D.D.     1793: 

8357 
CARNOT,  Lazare-Nicholas-Margue- 
rite    1793:8345.2    1796:8829 

CAROLINE     AMELIA      ELIZABETH      of 

Brunswick  -  Wolfenbiittel,  Prin- 
cess of  Wales  1 795- 1 820,  Queen 
Caroline  1820-1  1794:  8498. 
1795  :  8610,  861 1,  8643,  8646,  8661, 
8664,  8667.  1796:  8806,  8809, 
8810,8811,8818.  1797:9014,9015 
CARRIER,  Jean-Baptiste  1795:8675* 
CASTLEREAGH,  Robert  Stewart,  Vis- 
count (9th  Earl  and  2nd  Marquess 
of  Londonderry  1821-2)    1800: 

9514,  9531 
CATHCART,  William  Schaw  (Cath- 

cart)    loth    Viscount    (cr.    Earl 

1814)    1797:9019.    1800:9564 
CATHERINE  II  of  Russia   1793:8349, 

8363*.     1794:  8474,  8483,   8487, 

8515.    1795:8607,8674*.    1796: 

8821,  8844,  8865 
CATILINE  (Lucius  Sergius  Catilina) 

1793 :  8332 
'  Or  a  generalized  Frenchman. 


679 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


CAWDOR,  John  Campbell,  Baron 
Cawdor  of  Castlemartin  (cr.  1796) 
1797:9106 

CECIL,  Mrs.  Emma  {n^e  Vernon) 
1743:838s 

CHAMPiONNET,  Jean-]^tienne   1799: 

9403 

CHARETTE,  Franfois-Athanase  1795: 
*8674 

CHARLES  II    1795  :  8629 

CHARLES  IV  of  Spain  1793 :  8363*, 
1794:8477.  1795:8674*.  1797: 
9058*.    1798:9164*.   1800:9522 

CHARLES  X  of  France,  see  artois, 
Comte  d' 

CHARLES  XII  of  Sweden    1793 :  8347 

CHARLES,  Archduke  of  Austria 
1796 :  8835.  1797 :  9005,  9057*. 
1799:  9403 

CHARLES  (impostor)    1797 :  9085 

CHARLOTTE,  Queen  1793:  8356. 
1794 :  8423,  842s,  8434,  8474, 8500, 
8517*.  1795:  86io,  8615,  8616, 
8649,  8661,  8668.  1796:  8810. 
1797:  9014,  9015,  9025.  1798: 
9158,  9182.  1799:  9398,  9399, 
9402,  9402  A*.  1800:  9527,  9528, 
9536 

CHARLOTTE,  Princcss  (Princess  Char- 
lotte of  Wales)  1796 :  8779,  8781, 
8785,  8806,  8810 

CHARLOTTE  AUGUSTA  MATILDA,  Prin- 

cess  Royal,  m.  Frederick  William 
Charles,  Prince  of  Wiirtemberg 
1797  (Queen  of  Wiirtemberg 
1806)  1793:8356.  1794:8517*. 
1795:  8649.  1797:  9006,  9007, 
9014,  9015.  1798  :  9182 
CHATHAM,  John  Pitt,  2nd  Earl  of 
1795:  8624,  8672,  8704.  1797: 
9046 
CHATHAM,  William  Pitt,  ist  Earl  of 

1798:  9270,  9270  A* 
CHATTERTON,  Thomas   1797 :  9064 
CHAUVELIN,  Francois-Bernard,  Mar- 
quis de    1794 :  8456 
CHIFNEY,  Samuel    1795 :  8654 
CHOLMONDELEY,      George     James 
(Cholmondeley)  4th  Earl  of  (cr. 
Marquess     18 15)      1795:    8679. 
1796 :  8818 


CHOLMONDELEY,    Georgiana   Char- 
lotte (Bertie)  Countess  of   1795 : 
8679 
CHRISTIE,  James    1794 :  8526 
CHRISTIE,  Thomas   1799  :  9370 
CLARE,  John  Fitzgibbon,  Earl  of  (cr. 
179s)    1798:  9186.     1799:  9395. 
1800 :  9529,  9531 
CLAVERING,  Sir  Thomas,  7th  Bart. 

Addenda  (1784):  9666 
CLAUDE  (Gelee)   1797 :  9085 
CLERFAYT,    Fran^ois  -  S.  -  C.  -  J.   de 
Croix,  Comte  de    1793 :  8322 

CLERKS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS 

1797:  8980,  8994,  9018.  1798: 
9180^ 

CLERMONT,  William  Henry  Fortes- 
cue,  Earl   1800:9575 

CLINTON,  Lt.-Col.  William  Henry 
1796:8789 

CLONMELL,  John  Scott,  ist  Vis- 
count, cr.  Earl  of,  1793    1795: 

8713 
CLOOTS  ('Anacharsis'),  Baron  Jean- 

Baptiste  du  Val  de  GrSce   1794: 

8452 
CLOPTON,  Boothby   1800:  9558 
CLUSE  (barber)    1793 :  8375 
COBURG,  see  Saxe-Coburg 
COLERIDGE,  Samuel  Taylor    1798: 

9240 
COLLINS,  Mr.    1793  :  8342 

COLLOT  D'hERBOIS,  JEAN-MARIE 
1794:8514 

COLPOYS,    Sir    John    (K.B.    1798) 

1798:9167 
COMBE,  Harvey  Christian  (Alderman) 

1795:  8626.     1800:   9533,   9548, 

9548  A* 

CONCANNON,    Mrs.      1796:    8838, 

8877,8879,8880.  1797:9078,9079 
CONDE,  Louis-Joseph  de  Bourbon, 

Prince  of   1796:  8821 
CONDORCET,      M.-J.-A.-N.-Caritat, 

Marquis  de    1798  :  9156.    1799 : 

9349.    1800 :  9522 
CONNOR,  Jack    1796 :  8713 
COOPER  (printer)    1798  :  9186 
corday-d'armans,    Marie  -  Anne 

Charlotte  de    1793:  8335,  8336. 

1794 :  8464* 


'  John  Hatsell,  Clerk  (retired  11  July  1797,  still  in  Royal  Calendar  for  1807). 
John  Ley,  Deputy  Clerk. 

680 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


CORNWALLIS,  Charles  Cornwallis, 
2nd  Earl,  cr.  Marquis  1792 
1794:8472.    1799:9346.    1800: 

9514,  9S3I 

cORREGGio,  Antonio  AUegri  1797 : 
9085 

CORRY,  Isaac   1800 :  9531 

coswAY,  Richard,  R.A.    1797  :  9085 

COULTER,  Captain   1794 :  8513 

COURTENAY,  John  1794:8454.  1797: 
8984.  1798:  9210,  9240.  1799: 
9341,  9416 

COVENTRY,  Barbara  St.  John,  Coun- 
tess of  1796:8899 

COWLING  (livery  stables  of)  1794: 
8476 

COX,  D.    1798 :  9186 

CREIGHTON,    Col.    Patrick      1794: 

8513 
CROMWELL,  Oliver  1796 :  8788 
CROUCH,  Mrs.  Anna  Maria    1795  : 

861 1,  8646,  8654 
CUMBERLAND,  Dukc  of,  SBC  Ernest 

Augustus 
CUMBERLAND,    WilUam    Augustus, 

Duke  of   1799:9381,9383,9384, 

9385 
CUNYNGHAME,     Lt.-Col.      Francis 

1797 :  9072 
CURRAN,  John  Philpot    1795  :  8713. 

1799  :  9350,  9350  A* 
CURTIS,  Admiral  Sir  Roger,  Kt.,  cr. 

Bart.  1794     1795:  8657.     1798: 

9167 
CURWEN,    John    Christian      1798: 

9240 
cussANS,  William  (or  John)    1798 : 

9292 
cusTiNE,  Comte  Adam-Philippe  de 

1793:8340.    1794:8475 

DAMER,   Mrs.   Anne   Seymour  nde 

Conway   1797 :  9107 
DAER,  Basil  William  Douglas,  Lord'' 

1794 :  8424 
DAMiENS,    Robert-Frangois     1798: 

9181 
DANIELL,   Thomas  ( 1 749-1 840)  or 

William  (1769-1837)    1797  :  9085 
DANTON,  Georges   1794 :  8424,  8475. 

1799 :  9349 

'  Died  9  Nov.  1794. 


DARLY,    Matthew   ('Matt')     1799: 

r)/|/|7j 

DARWIN,     Erasmus     1798:     9240. 

1799 :  9345.    1800 :  9522 
DASHWOOD,    Sir    Francis,    see    le 

DESPENCER 

DAVIDOVICH,    Baron    Paul  1797: 

9005 

DAVIES,    General    Thomas  1797 : 

9037,  9069.    1799:  9442.  1800: 

9567 
DEBRY  or  DE  BRY,  Jcan-A.    1799: 

9389 

DE  CAMP,  Maria  Theresa,  m.  Charles 
Kemble   1795:8730 

DELAROix  de  Constant,  Charles 
1796 :  8832,  8833 

DELOUTHERBOURG,  Philippe-Jacques^ 
1797 :  9085 

DERBY,  Edward  Stanley,  12th  Earl 
of  1793:  8332.  1794:  8479. 
1795  :  8610,  8624,  8641,  8644,  8691, 
8727.  1796:  8826,  8888.  1797: 
8986,  9015,  9074,  9075,  9076,  9077. 
1798:  9198,  9215,  9230,  9230  A*, 
9240,  9258,  9261,  9262,  9277,  9279, 
9282,  9282  A*.  1799:9345,9347, 
9349,  9369,  9406,  9407,  94",  9434- 
1800 :  9522,  9570 

DERBY,    Eliza     Countess    of,    see 

FARREN 

DERBY,  Elizabeth  (Hamilton)  Coun- 
tess of   1797  :  9074,  9075 
DEVis,  Arthur  William   1797  :  9085 

DESAIX  DE  VEYGOUX,  L.-C.-A.  1800 

9544,  9544  A* 
DESMOULiNS,  Benoit-Camillc  1794 

8454 
DESPARD,   Edward  Marcus     1799 

9341 
DEVONSHIRE,   Gcorgiana   (Spencer) 

Duchess  of   1800:  9570 
DIBDIN,  Thomas    1791 :  91 01 
DIDELOT,  Charles-Louis   1796 :  8891 
DIDELOT,  Mme  Rose    1796 :  8891, 

8892.    1798:9298 
DIGHTON,  Richard^    1796:  8815 
DiMSD ALE, 'Sir' Harry    1796:8871, 

8872 
DiNELEY-GOODERE,  Sir  John    1799: 

9446 


*  See  Index  of  Artists. 


*  See  Index  of  Artists ;  see  also  Index  of  Printsellers. 

681 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


DOTTIN,  Captain  Abel  Rous    1797: 

9037 

DOUGLAS,  John,  Bishop  of  Salis- 
bury   1797 :  9064 

DOWNIE,  David    1794 :  8512 

DOWNMAN,  John,  A.R.A.  1797: 
9085 

DRENNAN,  William    1795 :  8713 

DUCOS,  Roger  1799:  9408,  9426, 
9428,  9431 

DUMOURiEZ,  Charles  -  Fran9ois, 
General  1793 :  8313,  8314*,  8318, 
8321,8322,8324.    1794:8475 

DUNCAN,  Admiral  Adam,  cr.  Vis- 
count Duncan  1797  1797  :  9034. 
1798:  9160,  9167,  9182,  9257, 
9257  A*,  9259.  1799:  9412,  9419. 
1800 :  9513 

DUNDAS,  General  David  (K.B.  1804) 
1797 :  9019,  9026 

DUNDAS,    General    Francis     1795: 

8731 
DUNDAS,  Henry  (cr.  Viscount  Mel- 
ville 1802)  1793:  8303,  8325, 
8326,  8356,  8357.  1794:  8434, 
8550.  1795:  8651,  8654,  8655, 
8681, 8683, 8704, 8707.  1796 :  8794, 
8796,  8798,  8799,  8803,  8808,  8817, 
8821,  8826,  8836,  8837,  8842,  8843. 
1797:  8979,  8980,  8981,  8981  A* 
8994,  8995,  8998,  9000,  9018, 
9025,  9029,  9032,  9033. 9038, 9040, 
9044,  9046,  9050,  9052.  1798: 
9157.  9158,  9160,  9166,  9169,  9170, 
9177,  9180,  9189,  919s,  9205,  9206, 

9223,  9226,  9226  A*,  9230,  9230  A*, 

9232,  9232  A*,  9241,  9283.  1799: 
9344,  9344  A*,  9354,  9364,  93^4  A*, 
9365,  9369,  9372,  9394,  9394  A*, 
9395,  9400,  9407,  9409,  9416. 
1800:  9507,  9508,  9508  A*,  9511, 
9SIIA*,  9515,  9516,  9517,  9518, 
9520,  9524,  9525,  9532,  9543, 
9543  A*,  9544,  9544  A* 

DUNDAS,  Robert,  of  Amiston  1793 : 
8358 

DUNDAS  (of  Beechwood)  Sir  Robert 
1795 :  8731 

DUNSTAN,  Jeffrey  or  Jeffery  1793: 
8375 


EATON,  Daniel  Isaac    1793:  8339, 
8342 


EDEN,  (Hon.)  Eleanor   1797:  8985 
EDEN,  Sir  John,  4th  Bart.   Addenda 

(1784) :  9666 
EDEN,   Sir  Frederick  Morton,  2nd 

Bart.    1797 :  9057* 

EDGEWORTH     DE     FIRMONT,     Henry 

Essex    1793:8308,8319 
EDRIDGE,  Henry    1797 :  9085 
EDWARD  AUGUSTUS,  Princc,  cr.  Duke 
of  Kent  1799  1794:8517*.  1798: 
9182 
EGLINTON,     Hugh     Montgomerie, 

i2th  Earl  of   1795 :  8731 
ELDER,  Thomas    1793 :  8369 
ELDON,  Lord,  see  scott.  Sir  John 
Elisabeth  -  Philippine  -  marie  - 
Hi^L^NE,  Princesse  (Mme  Elisa- 
beth) 1793:8312,  p.  18 
ELIZABETH,  Princcss  (m.  Frederick 
Joseph  Louis,  Prince  of  Hesse- 
Hamburg,     1818)      1793:    8356. 
1794:8517*.    1795:8649.    1797: 
9014,  9015.     1798:  9182.     1800: 
9528 
ELLIS,  George    1796 :  8828 
ERNEST  AUGUSTUS,  Princc,  cr.  Duke 
of  Cumberland    1799,    King   of 
Hanover    1837-51     1793:   8355. 
1794:  8517*.    1798:  9182,  9289. 
1799 :  9402,  9402A*,  9439 
ERROLL,  George  Hay,  i6th  Earl  of 

1796 :  8837,  8890.    1797  :  9024 
ERSKiNE,  Colonel    1796 :  8820 
ERSKiNE,  Sir  James  St.  Clair  (2nd 
Earl  of  Rosslyn  1805-37)    1795 : 

8647 
ERSKINE,  Thomas  (cr.  Baron  Er- 
skine  of  Restormel,  1806)  1793  : 
8316,  8374.  1794:  8426,  8502. 
1795 :  8606, 8624,  8644, 8648, 8699. 
1796:  8779,  8826,  8837,  8894. 
1797:  8979,  8980,  8986,  8994, 
8995,  9018,  9020,  9040.  1798 : 
9160,  9171,  9208,  9227,  9230, 
9230  A*,  9233,  9233  A*,  9240,  9245, 
9245  A*,  9246,  9248,  9248  A*,  9255, 

9258,  9262,  9263,  9263  A*,  9266, 

9277,  9279,  9282,  9282  A*.  1799: 
9340,  9340  A*,  9343,  9345,  9347, 
9349,  9369,  9406,  9407,  9434- 
1800:  9522,  9548,  9548  A*,  9570 
EVANS,  Thomas  1798 :  9202.  1799 : 
9341 


682 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


FARINGTON,  Joseph,  R.A.  1797: 

9085 

FARREN,  Eliza,  Countess  of  Derby 

1797-1829     1795:  8727.     1796: 

8888.  1797  :  9014, 9015, 9074, 9075, 

9076,  9077 
FADEN,  W.  (map-seller)    1798 :  9186 
FAULDER  (shop  of)   1796 :  8886 
FELTON,  John    1798  :  8181 
FERDINAND  IV  of  Naples,  I  of  the 

Two  Sicilies  1793:8363*.  1795: 

8674*.    1796:8821 
FiTZCLARENCE,  Gcorge  (cr.  Earl  of 

Munster  1831)    1797  :  9009 
FITZCLARENCE,  Mary  (m.  Gen.  C.  R. 

Fox)    1797 :  9009 
FITZCLARENCE,  Sophia  (m.  Lord  de 

Lisle  and  Dudley)    1795:  8661, 

9009 
FITZGERALD,  Lord  Edward     1798: 

9227,   9244,   9245,   924s  A*,  9254, 

9262.    1799:  9369,  9370.    1800: 

9515 
FITZHERBERT,  Mrs.  Maria  Anne,  nde 
Smythe   1793:8388.    1794:8423, 
8485,    8498,    8499,    8521.     1795: 
8610,  861 1,  8646,  8654,  8661,  8673. 
1796:8781,8816 
FiTZWiLLiAM,  William  Wentworth 
Fitzwilliam,    2nd    Earl      1795 : 
8632.     1796:  8825.     1798:  9157, 
9171 
FOLLET,  Mr.  (actor)    1797 :  9003 
FOOTE,  Samuel    1797  :  9086 
FORBES,  William    1797 :  9053 
FOSTER,  John  (cr.  Baron  Oriel  1821) 
1799:  9346,   9368.     1800:  9529, 

9531 

FOX,  Mrs.,  see  armistead 

FOX,  (Hon.)  Charles  James  1793 : 
8285,  8286,  8290,  8291,  8303,  8304, 
8305,  8310,  8311,  8315,  8316,  8317, 
8318,  8320,  8330,  8331,  8332,  8338, 
8356,  8366,  8375.  1794:  8422, 
8424,  8426,  8432,  8437,  8438,  8445, 
8450, 8458, 8462*,  8467, 8479, 8480, 
8487,  8491,  8518*,  8530.  1795: 
8598,  8600,  8607,  8610,  8612,  8614, 
8618,  8622,  8624,  8625,  8627,  8636, 
8637,  8641,  8642,  8644,  8647,  8648, 
8655,  8660,  8663,  8666,  8681,  p. 
198,  8683,  8684,  8685,  8689,  8690, 
'  1794- 


8691,  8697,  8698,  8699,  8701,  8705, 
8709.  1796:  8779,  8782,  8783, 
8787,  8794,  8795,  8796,  8797,  8803, 
8804,  8805,  8813,  8814,  881S,  8826, 
8836,  8837,  8839,  8844,  8877,  8879, 
8894,  8900.  1797:  8979,  8980, 
8981,  8981  A*,  8984,  8985,  8986, 
8987, 8989, 8990, 8992, 8994, 8995, 

8996,  8996  A*,  8999,  9000,  9001, 
9005,  9010,  9018,  9020,  9021,  9022, 
9022  A*,  9023,  9024,  9029,  9033, 
9035.  9036,  9039,  9040,  9042,  9044. 

9047, 9056, 9078.  1798 :  9160, 9167, 
9168,  9170,  9171,  9172,  9177,  9178, 
9180, 9182, 9189,  9190,  9191,  9196, 

9204,  9205,  9206,  9214,  9214  A*, 
9215,  9216,  9217,  9217  A*,  9222, 
9223,  9227,  9230,  9230  A*,  9233, 
9233  A*,  9240,  9241,  9242,  9244, 
9245,  9245  A*,  9248,  9248  A*,  9249, 
9251,  9255,  9257.  9257  A*,  9258, 
9259,  9261,  9262,  9263,  9263  A*, 
9266,  9267,  9270,  9270  A*,  9273, 
9275,  9276,  9277,  9282,  9282  A*, 

9284.  1799  :  9340,  9340  A*,  9343, 
9345,  9347,  9349,  935i,  9353,  9365, 
9369,  9371,  9375,  9397,  9398,  9399, 
9402,  9402  A*,  9406,  9407,  9409, 
941 1,  9416,  9434.  1800:  9508, 
9508  A*,  9511,  95n  A*,  9515,  9518, 
9522,  9524,  9537,  9538,  9548, 
9548  A*,  9549, 9570, 9580.  Addenda 
(1788):  9675.    (1798):  9687 

FOX,  (Hon.)  Henry  Edward,  major- 
general  1794 :  8479  n. 

FOX,  Polly    1797 :  9090 

FRANCIS  I,  Emperor   1793  :  8354 

FRANCIS  II,  Emperor  1793:  8349, 
8363*.  1794:  8472,  8474,  8477, 
8483,  8496.  1795:  8658,  8674*.' 
1796:8821,8865.  1797:9057*, 
9058*.  1798:9164*,  9285.  1799: 
9338,  9349.    1800  :  9554*,^  9555*"^ 

FRANCIS,  Philip  (K.C.B.  1806)  1794: 
8455.    1795 :  8647.    1798  :  9240 

FRANCO,  Jacob    1800 :  9562 

FREDERICA,  Duchess  of  York  1793 : 
8388.  1794:8423,8517*.  1795: 
8661.    1798 :  9239 

FREDERICK  II  (the  Great)  of  Prussia 
1800 :  9510,  9664 

FREDERICK  AUGUSTUS,  Duke  of  York 
^  Date  uncertain. 


683 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


1793:   8327,   8329,    8337*,  8351, 

8355,   8417.'     1794:   8423,  842s, 

8433,  8458,  8517*.     1795:  8602, 

8661,    8666.     1796:    8789,  8790, 

8818,    8826,  8873.     1797:  9005, 

9014,    9015,    9037.     1798 :  9182. 
1799:  9373,  9382,  9402,  9402  A* 

FREDERICK    WILLIAM    II    of    PruSSia 

1793:  8349,  8363*.    1794:  8474, 
8477,    8483,    8496.     1795:    8658, 
*8674.='   1796:  8821,  8865.  1799: 
9338,9349.    1800:9522 
FREEMAN,  Mrs.    1796 :  8883,  8884 
FREND,  William  1799 :  9345 
FROST,  John    1793  :  8339,  8342 
FUGION  (Bow  Street  Officer)   1798  : 

9160 
FUSELi  (Fussli),  Henry,  R.A.    1797 : 
9085 

GARDNER,  Sir  Alan,  cr.  Bart.  1794 
(cr.  Baron  Gardner  of  Uttoxeter 
1800)  1796:  8813,  8814,  8815. 
1798 :  9167,  9257,  9257  A*.  1800 : 
9513.   Addenda  (1198):  96Sy 

GARNETT,  Thomas    1800 :  9565 

GARRICK,  David  1795 :  8730.  1797  : 
9086 

GARROW,  William,  K.C.  (Kt.  1812) 
1798 :  9245,  9245  A* 

GEORGE  III  1793 :  8288,  8291,  8304, 
831 1,  8317,  8338,  8346,  8349,  8356, 
8363*,  8365,  8375.  1794:  8422, 
8423,  8424,  842s,  8427,  8434,  8438, 
8440,  8458,  8462*,  8463*,  8464*, 
8468,8474,8480,8488,8496.  1794: 
8499,  8500,  8515,'  8516,'  8517*. 
1795 :  8610,  8611,  861S,  8616,  8618, 
8631,  8644,  8646,  8649,  8650,  8651, 
8652,  8654,  8655,  8661,  8664,  8668, 
8674*,  8681, 8683, 8691, 8692, 8701. 
1796:  8785,  8805,  8810,  8813, 
8814,  8818,  8865.  1797:  8996  A*, 
8998,  9000,  9001,  9003,  9012, 
9014,  9015,  9019,  9025,  9033.  9035. 
9037,  9041,  9048,  9054,  9056, 
9058*,  9061.  1798:  9157,  9158, 
9160,  9164*,  9170,  9171,  9173, 
9174.  917s,  9177,  9182,  9188,  9194, 
9203,  9205,  9206,  9215,  9216,  9223, 
9226,  9230,  9230  A*,  9233,  9241, 
9256, 9266, 9276, 9286.  1799: 9339, 
*  Date  uncertain. 


9345,  9346,  9348,  9348  A*,  9398, 
9399,  9400,  9402,  9402  A*,  9406, 
9407,  9417.  1800:  9514,  9521, 
9522,  9527,  9528,  9531,  9536,  9537, 
9538,  9539,  9540,  9542,  9551, 
9556*."  Addenda  (1788):  9674, 
9688' 

GEORGE,  Prince  of  Wales,  afterwards 
George  IV  1793:  8311,  8317, 
8332,  8388.  1794:  8423,  8441, 
8485,  8487,  8498,  8517*,  8521. 
1795 :  8610,  861 1,  8615,  8634, 8643, 
8644,  8646,  8650,  8654,  8655,  8661, 
8664,  8666,  8667,  8673,  8679,  8691. 
1796:  8779,  8800,  8806,  8807, 
8809,  8810,  88n,  8816,  8818, 
8824,  8826,  8869.  1797:  8983, 
8988,  9002,  9014,  9015.  1798: 
9182,  9266.  1799:  9373,  9381, 
9382,  9383,  9384,  9385.  1800: 
9530.   Addenda  (1189):  9676 

GERRALD,  Joscph  1793 :  8339,  8342. 
1794:8508 

GIBBS,  Jane    1799  :  9443,  9444 

GILLMAN,  W.  (officer  in  Stamp 
Office)    1795:8769 

GILLRAY,  James^    1800 :  9569' 

GOBEL,  Jean-Baptiste- Joseph  1793 : 
8350 

GODOY,  Manuel  de,  Duke  of  Al- 
cadia.  Prince  of  the  Peace  (1795) 
and  of  Bassano    1795 :  8674* 

GODWIN,  Mary,  see  WoUstonecraft 

GODWIN,  William  1798:9240,9286. 
1799:9371.    1800:9522 

GOHIER,  Louis- Jerome    1799 :  9408 

GORDON,  Lord  George  1793 :  8339, 
8342 

GORDON,  Lady  Georgiana  1796: 
8899.    1797 :  9084 

GORDON,  Jane  (Maxwell),  Duchess 
of  1796:8799,8899.  1797:8982, 
9084 

GOULD,  Patrick   1795 :  8734 

GOWER,  Lord  Granville  Leveson, 
(cr.  Viscount  Granville  18 15, 
Earl  GranvUle  1833)  1796 :  8828. 
1797:9031.    1800:9570 

GRAFTON,  Augustus  Henry  Fitzroy, 
3rd  Duke  of  1794:  8443,  8457, 
8479.  1795:  8624,  8644,  8648, 
8655,  8681,  8691.  1796:  881S, 
794.  '  See  Index  of  Artists. 


684 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


8826.    1798 :  9197,  9240  n.,  9282, 

9282  A* 

GRATTAN,  Henry  1795:8713.  1798: 
p.  460,  9236,  9245,  9245  A*,  9276. 
1799:  9343,  9350,  9350  A*,  9369, 
9370,  9372,  9416.  1800:  9529, 
9531 

GRANT,  General  James  1795 :  8662 

GRANVILLE,  Lord,  see  gower 

GREGORY,  G.    1796:  8815 

GRENVILLE,  William  Wyndham,  cr. 
Baron  Grenville  1790  1793 :  8325. 
1795 :  8624,  8656,  8659,  8681,  8691, 
8704,  8707.  1796:  8796,  8823, 
8826,  8836,  8837,  8842,  8979,  8990, 
8995.  1797:  9040,  9046.  1799: 
9345,  9407,  9409-  1800:  9508, 
9508  A*,  9518,  9524,  9569,'  9570 

GREY,  Charles  (Viscount  Howick 
1806,  2nd  Earl  Grey  1807-45) 
1795:  8648,  8690.  1796:  8797. 
1797:  8980,  8986,  8995,  9018, 
9020,  9021,  9035,  9040.  1798 : 
9198,  9215,  9227,  9263,  9263  A*. 
1799:  9340  n.,   9340  A*.      1800: 

9548,  9548  A* 

GRIEVE,  Henry,  D.D.    1793 :  8357 
GRINDLEY,     Samuel     (of    Bangor) 

1796:8881,8882 
GRINLY,  William  (auctioneer)  1795 : 

8733 
GROGAN,  Cornelius    1798 :  9244 
GROSVENOR,  Major   1798 :  p.  478* 
GROSVENOR,     Henrietta    (Vernon), 

Countess    1799 :  9404 
GROSVENOR,  Richard  Grosvenor,  ist 

Earl  Addenda  (1790) :  9684 
GUBBINS,  Honor,  afterwards  Mrs. 

Dutton   1793 :  8372.    1797 :  9088. 

1799 :  9373,  9382,  9383,  9384,  9385 
GUBBINS,    Mary,    afterwards   Mrs, 

Panton   1793:8372.   1797: 9088. 

1799 :  9373,  9382 
GUNN,  Martha  1794 :  8432 
GUSTAVus  IV  ADOLPHUS  of  Sweden 

1796 :  8821 

HADFIELD,  James   1800 :  9536,  9537, 

9538,  9539,  9540,  9542 
HALHED,  Nathaniel  Brassey    1795: 

8646,  8655 
HALL,     Edward    ('Liberty     Hall') 


1793:8331.    1795:8690.    1796: 

8826.    1797:8979 
HAMILTON,  Emma  {jwe  Lyon)  Lady 

1800:9550,  9571 
HAMILTON,  Douglas  Hamilton,  8th 

Duke  of  1795:8715 
HAMILTON,    Lady   Harriot     1800: 

9576 
HAMILTON,  Lady  Katharine    1800 : 

9576 
HAMILTON,  Lady  Maria  1800 :  9576 
HAMILTON,     Sir     William,     K.B., 

F.R.S.    1800:9571 
HAMILTON,   William,    R.A.     1797: 

9085 
HANAU  or  HYNAU,  Mrs.   1794 :  8484, 

8486 
HANGER  (Hon.)  George  (7th  Baron 

Coleraine  1814-24)    1793:  8388. 

1796:    8815,    8869,    8889,    8890. 

1797:  8984,  8986,   9078.     1799: 

9434.    1800 :  9566,  9570,  9580 

HANNIBAL    1793  :  8347 

HARDY,  Thomas   1794:8424.  1795: 

8624.    1796:88x4 
HARE,  James    1795  :  8726 
HARRISON,  James  (printer,  publisher, 

and  bookseller)    1793 :  8375 
HARPER    1798 :  9186 
HARVEY,  Bagenal    1798 :  9244 
HASLANG,  Count    1797:9067 
HASTINGS,  Warren   1795  :  8647 
HATRELL,  John,  see  Clerks  of  the 

House  of  Commons 
HAWKESBURY,  Baron,  see  Liverpool 
HAY,  Captain    1795 :  8731 
HAYMAN,  Francis,  R.A.    1798 :  9333 
HUBERT,  Jacques-Rene  1795 :  *8674. 

1799:9352 
HEVi^GiLL,  Capt.  Edwin    1796:  8789 
HiCKLEY,    J.    A.   (of  Portsmouth) 

1798:  9247 
HiLLiGSBURG,  Mile  J.    1798 :  9298 
HiLLiGSBURG,   Mme     1798:    9297, 

9298 
HOBART,  Hon.  Mrs.,  see  Bucking- 
hamshire, Countess  of 
HOCHE,  Lazare    1798:  9156,  9245, 

9245  A*,  9249 
HODGSON,  William   1795  :  8685 
HOHENLOHE-KiRCHBERG,    Frederick 

Wilhelm,  Prince   1796 :  8790 


*  Date  uncertain. 
685 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


HOLCROFT,  Thomas  1798:  9240. 
1800 :  9522 

HOLL.  (?  HOLLAND),  D.  1793: 
8342  A 

HOLLAND,  Miss  1793 :  8342 
HOLLAND,  Mrs.  1793 :  8342 
HOLLAND,   Henry  Fox,    ist  Baron 

1793 :  8332.    1798  :  9270,  9270  A* 
HOLLAND,    William^      1793:    8339, 

8342 
HOLT,  Daniel   1793  :  8339 
HOLT,  Joseph    1798:  9262.    1799: 

9369 

HOOD,  Admiral  Sir  Alexander,  see 
BRIDPORT,  Baron 

HOOD,  Admiral  Sir  Samuel,  Vis- 
count Hood  (1796)  1800:  9513, 
9570 

HOPPNER,  John,  R.A.  1796:  8840. 
1797 :  9085 

HORNE,  see  TOOKE,  John  Home 

HORSLEY,  Samuel,  Bishop  of 
Rochester  (St.  Asaph  1802-6) 
1796:8793.  1797:9046.  1798: 
9177 

HOWE  (recruit)   1794 :  8484,  8486 

HOWE,  Admiral  Richard,  4th  Vis- 
count, cr.  Earl  1788  1793 :  8352, 
8353.  1794:  8469,  8470,  8471. 
1795:  8657.  1798:  9167,  9257, 
9257  A*,  9259.  1799 :  9416.  1800 : 
9513 

HUE,  Lieut.  P.,  R.N.    1798 :  9185 

HUGHES,  John  1799 :  9370 

HUME,  Sir  Abraham,  F.R.S.,  2nd 
Bart,  (virtuoso)   1797 :  9085 

HUMPHREY,  Hannah'    1796:  8885 

HUMPHRY,  Ozias    1797 :  9085 

HUTTON,  John  (Town  Clerk  of  Dun- 
fermline)  1796:8820 

HYNAU,  see  HANAU 


IRELAND,  Jane   1796 :  8883, 
IRELAND,  Samuel    1796 : 

1797:  9064,  9085 
IRELAND,    William    Henry     1796: 


INCHBALD,    Mrs.     Elizabeth     {nie 
\/  Simpson)   1797 :  9086 

JACKSON,  William    1793  :  8395  n. 
JACKSON  (Rev.)  William   1795  :  8713 
JACKSON,  Mrs.  William    1795  :  8713 
*  See  Index 


JARDINE,   Sir  Harry  (?  Kt.    1825) 

1795:8731 
JEALOUS  (Bow  Street  Officer)  1798  : 

9160 
JEKYL  or  JEKYLL,  Col.    1797  :  9037 
JEKYLL,  Joseph    1798:  9179,  9232, 

9232  A*,  9248, 9248  A*.  1799 :  9369, 

9377,  9434 
JENKINS  (bank  clerk)   1794 :  8529 
JENKINSON,   Robert  Banks   (Baron 

Hawkesbury  1803,  2nd  Earl  of 

Liverpool  1808-28)  1796:  8826. 

1797:9046 
'jenky',  see  Liverpool,  Earl  of 
JERSEY,  Frances  (Twysden)  Coun- 
tess of   1793:8377.    1794:8485. 

1795 :  8610,  861 1,  8667,  8679,  8755. 

1796 : 8806, 8807, 8809, 8810, 881 1, 

8816,    8818,    8824.     1797:    8982, 

8983 
JERSEY,  George  Bussy  Villiers,  4th 

Earl  of    1796:  8807,  8809,  8810, 

8811,  8816,  8818.    1797  :  8983 
jERVis,  Sir  John,  see  ST.  vincent, 

Earl  of 
johnes,  Thomas   1799 :  9454 
JOHNSON,  Dr.  Samuel   1797 :  9064 
JOHNSTON,  Lady  Cecilia  {rde  West) 

1793:  8349,  8388,  8389.     1795: 

8604 
JOHNSTONE,  Col.  Robert,  D.Q.M.G. 

1796 :  8789,  8790 
JONES,  John  Gale   1795:  8685 
JONES,    Thomas    Tyrwhitt     1799: 

9401 
JORDAN,  Mrs.  Dorothea,  rde  Bland 

1795:  8601,   8661,   8666.     1797: 

8982,  9009,  9033 
JOUBERT,      Barthelemy  -  Catharine 

1799 :  9403 
JOURDAN,      Comte      Jean-Baptiste 

1793:8337*.    1799:9403-    1800: 

9522 
KATTERFELTO    1796 :  8969 

KEITH,  Admiral  George  Keith  El- 
phinstone.  Baron  (1797,  Viscount 
Keith  1814)  1800 :  9513 

KELLERMANN,  Fraufois-Christophe, 
afterwards  Due  de  Valmy  1794 : 
8475.    1797:9005 

KELLY,  Michael   1797 :  9086 
of  Printsellers. 


686 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


KELSEY  (shop  of)  1797 :  9068 
KEMBLE,  Charles  1800 :  9570 
KEMBLE,  John  Philip     1795:  8730. 

1797:   9086.     1799:   9417,  9436- 

1800:  9570 
KEMBLE,  Mrs.  Priscilla,  nie  Hopkins 

1795 :  8730 
KEMBLE,  Stephen   1794 :  8527 
KENYON,  Lloyd,   ist  Baron  (1788) 

1796:    8876,    8877,    8878,    8879. 

1797:  8990,  9079.     1799:  9345. 

1800:9545,  9545  A* 
KET  or  KETT,  Robert  (d.  1 549)  1795: 

8617 
KIMBER,    John    (master    mariner) 

1796:    8793.     Addenda   (1792): 

9685 
KING,  Peter  King,  6th  Baron   1793 : 

8326 
KINGSBURY,  Benjamin   1798  :  9240 
KIRKCUDBRIGHT,  Sholto  Henry  Mac- 

lellan,  Master  of  (9th  Baron  1801) 

1797 :  9109.   1799  :  9447, 9447  A*. 

1800 :  9574 
KL^BER,  Jean-Baptiste    1799:  9352, 

9403.    1800:9523 
KOSCIUSKO,  Thaddeus     1794 :  8483. 

1796:8844.    1799:9345 
KRAY  DE  KRAJOF,  Paul,  BaroH  von 

1800:9544,  9544  A* 

LABOIRE,  Mme  (danseuse)  1 798 :  9299 
LACKINGTON,  James     1795:    8729. 
1797 :  9085 

LAFAYETTE,   M.  -  J.-P. -Roch- YveS- 

Gilbert  Motier,  Marquis  de  1 794 : 

8475 
LADE,  Sir  John,  2nd  Bart.    1795: 

8679 
LADE,  Letitia,  Lady    1797  :  8982 
LAiNG,  James  (saddler)    1795 :  8734 
LAKE,  General  Gerard  (cr.  Viscount 

Lake  1807)   1799:  9403 

LAMARQUE    1793  :  8324,  p.  25 

LAMB,  Charles  1798 :  9240 
LANE  (impostor)  1797 :  9085 
LANSDOWNE,  William  Petty,  ist 
Marquis  of  (Earl  of  Shelbume  to 
1784)  1794:  8422,  8440,  8443, 
8456,  8461.  1795:  8624,  8627, 
8642,  8644,  8648,  8655,  8681,  8691. 
1796:8826.  1797:  9000.  1798: 
9179,   9197,  9217.  9217  A*,  9232, 


9232  A*,  9240,  9248,  9248  A*.  Ad' 

denda  (1788) :  9675 
LAPSLIE  (Rev.)  James    1793  :  8361 

LAREVELLIERE-LEPEAUX     Or     Ll^PAUX, 

Louis-Marie  de   1798: 9240,  9252, 

9273.     1799:    9336,    9349,    9350, 

9350  A*,  9387,  9393,  9403 
LAUDER,  William  (d.  1771)    1797: 

9064 
LAUDERDALE,  James  Maitland,  8th 

Earl  of    1794:  8424,  8439,  8453, 

8479.     1795:    8603,    8624,    8644, 

8690.     1796:    8783,    8826,    8837. 

1797:    8986,    9020,    9021,    9024. 

1798:    9160,    9171,    9172,    9198, 

9215,  9217,   9217  A*,  9240,  9258. 

1799 :  9407,  9434 
LAWRENCE,     Dr.     French      1797: 

8979  n. 
LAWRENCE,    Thomas,    R,A.     (Kt. 

1815)   1797:908s 
LE  BON,  Joseph   1795 :  8675* 
LE  BRUN,  Charles   1800 :  9628,  9629, 

9630,  9631,  9632 
LEBRUN,  Charles-Franfois  (cr.  due 

de  Piacenza  1800)    1800:  9509, 

9522 
LE  DESPENCER,   Sir  Francis  Dash- 
wood,  15th  Baron    1796  :  8886 
LEEDS,  Francis  Osborne,  5th  Duke 

of  1798 :  9216 
LEGENDRE,  Louis    1795 :  8617 
LENNOX,  Lady  Charlotte  (Gordon), 

Duchess    of   Richmond     1797: 

9084 

Ll^PEAUX,  see  LAREVELLliRE-L^PEAUX 

LE  PELETIER  (or  Lepelleticr)  de 
Saint-Fargeau    1793 :  8350 

LEWIS,  Matthew  Gregory  ('Monk') 
1799 :  9503  n. 

LEWIS,  William  Thomas  1797 : 
9086 

LEY,  John,  see  Clerks  of  the  House 
of  Commons 

LiLFORD,  Baron,  see  powys 

LINCOLN,  'Widow'    1795  :  8713 

LIVERPOOL,  Charles  Jenkinson,  ist 
Earl  of  (cr.  1796,  ist  Baron 
Hawkesbury  1786-96)  1794 : 
8496.   1795:8699 

LIVERPOOL,  2nd  Earl  of,  see  jenkin- 
son 

LLOYD,  Charles   1798 :  9240 


687 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


LLOYD,  Thomas  1793 :  8339,  8342 
LLOYD,  William  ( ?  Thomas)   1793 : 

8339 

LOCKE,  John,  works  of  1795 :  8656, 
8659 

LONG,  Charles  (cr.  Baron  Fam- 
borough  1820)  1795:  8704, 
8707 

LONSDALE,  James  Lowther,  ist  Earl 
of  1799 :  9416 

LOUGHBOROUGH,  Alexander  Wed- 
derburn,  ist  Baron  (cr.  Earl  of 
RosslyniSoi)  1793:8423.  1794: 
8448.  1795:8618,8647,8654,865s, 
8681,  8691,  8704,  8707.  1796: 
8796, 8817, 8818, 8826, 8894.  1797 : 
8990,  9044,  9046,  9059.  1800: 
9570 

LOUIS  XVI  1793 :  8292,  8297,  8298, 
8300,  8302,  8304,  8306,  8307,  8308, 
8309,  8312,  p.  17,  8319,  8354,  8365. 
1794 :  8436,  8446,  8460,  8474,  8514. 
1795  :  8674*,  8695.  1796 :  8825. 
1798:  9240,  9260.  1799:  9349. 
1800 :  9534 

LOUIS,  Comte  de  Provence  ('Mon- 
sieur', Louis  XVIII  1814-24) 
1793:  8304,  8363*.  1795:  8674. 
1796 :  8821 

LOUIS,  Dauphin  1793:  8304,  8312, 
p.  18,  8354 

LOUTHERBOURG,  See  DE  LOUTHER- 
BOURG 

LOUVET  DE  couvREY,  Jean-Baptistc 

1799:9352 

LOVELACE,  John  (carpenter)    1798  : 

9192 
LUSHINGTON,  William    1795 :  8626 
LUTTRELL,  Lady  Elizabeth    1797: 

9079 

MACAN,  Thomas  Townley     1793: 

8339,  8342 
MACDONALD,  Etiennc  Jacques  Joscph 

Alexandre  (due  de  Tarante  1809) 

1799 :  9403,  9408 
MCDONALD,  Samuel    1794 :  8441 
MACHiAVELLi,  niccol6   1798 :  9270, 

9270  A* 

MACK  von  leiberich,  Baron  Charles 
1794:  8472,  8477.  1796:  8790. 
1797:  9005.   1799:  9342 


MACKINTOSH,    James    (Kt.     1803) 

1798:  9240 
MACKLIN,  Thomas    1797 :  9085 
MACMAHON,  John  (cr.  Bart.  18 17) 

1800 :  9530 
MACMANUS    (Bow    Street    Officer) 

1798 :  9160 
MACNAMARA  (Bow   Street   Officer) 

1798 :  9160 
macneven  or  macnevin,  William 

James  1798  :  9245,  9245  A*.  1799  : 

9370 
MACPHERSON,  James  1797 :  9064 
MADAN,  Martin.    Addenda  (1784) : 

9667.     (1787)  9671 
MAiNWARiNG,  William   1796 :  8782 
MALMESBURY,  James  Harris,  Baron 

Malmesbury  1788  (cr.  Earl  of, 

29  Dec.  1800)    1796 :  8828,  8829, 

8830,  8832,  8833*,  8845*.     1797: 

9031.    1800:9556*1 
MALONE,  Edmund    1797:  9085 
MANCHESTER,       Susan      (Gordon) 

Duchess  of   1797 :  8983,  9084 
MANNERS,    Major-General    Rol)ert, 

or  General  Russell    1798:9288 
MANNERS-suTTON,  Charles,  Bishop 

of  Norwich  (Canterbury  1805- 

28)    1798 :  9299 
MANSFIELD,    David    Murray,    2nd 

Earl  of  (Viscount  Stormont  to 

1793)    1795  :  8618,  8624,  8704 
MARA,    Mme    Gertrude    Elizabeth 

1794:8548 
MARAT,  Jean-Paul   1793:8293,8334, 

8335, 8336, 8350, 8353.  1794 : 8424, 

8475.    1795:8675*.    1796:8847. 

1798 :  9156,  9270,  9270  A*.   1800 : 

9522 

MARGAROT,   Maurice     1794:  8424, 

8507 
MARIA  CAROLINA,  Quccn  of  Naples, 
1795:8674* 

MARIA  FRANCES  ISABELLA,  Queen  of 

Portugal    1795 :  8674* 
MARIE- ANTOINETTE,  Qucen  of  France 

1793:  8292,  8304,  8312,   p.    18, 

8343,    8344,    8354,    8365.     1794: 

8446,  8460,  8474 
MARiE-TH^RisE  (afterwards  Duchesse 

d'Angouleme)    1793 :  8304,  8312, 

p.  18 


'  Date  uncertain. 
688 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


MARY,  Princess  (m.  William 
Frederick,  Duke  of  Gloucester, 
1818)   1795:8649.    1798:9182 

MASON,  Mrs.    1793 :  8385 

MASON  (Rev.)  William   1797 :  9064 

MASsiNA,  Andr^  (due  de  Rivoli  1808, 
Prince  d'Essling  1809)  1799: 
9422.    1800 :  9522 

MATHEW  (Hon.)  Montagu  1800: 
9560 

MAWBEY,  Sir  Joseph  (cr.  Bart. 
1765)   1798 :  9230,  9230  A* 

MAXWELL  (of  Monreith),  Misses 
1795 :  8731 

MELAS,  Michel-F. -Benedict  1800: 
9544,  9544  A* 

MERLIN  (of  Douai),  Comte  Philippe- 
Antoine  1794:8514.  1798:9252, 
9273.  1799:  9336,  9349,  9350, 
9350  A*,  9387,  9393 

MICHELANGELO  (Buonarroti)  1797: 
9085 

MILES,  John  ('Smoaker')  1794: 
8432 

MiRABEAU,  Honor^-Gabriel-Riquetti, 
Comte  de   1798  :  9240 

MIRANDA,  Francisco   1793:  8313 

MiTFORD,  John  Freeman  (cr.  Baron 
Redesdale  1802)  1798 :  9245, 
9245  A* 

MOIRA,  Francis  Rawdon  Hastings, 
2nd  Earl,  and  Baron  Rawdon 
(cr.  1783)  (cr.  Marquess  of  Hast- 
ings 1817)  1796:  8900.  1798: 
9184,  9189,  9235,  9240,  9282, 
9282  A*.  1799:  9340,  9340  A*, 
9369,  9386, 9416.  1800 :  9570,  9580 

MOIRA,  John  Rawdon,  Earl  of  (cr. 
1762)   1798 :  9184 

MOLYNEUX,  William   1799 :  9370 

MONBODDO,  James  Burnett,  Lord  (a 
lord  of  session)    1797  :  9085 

MONGE,      Gaspard      1798:     9172. 

1799:9352 
MONROE,  Henry   1798 :  9235 
MONROE,  James  (President  U.S.A. 

1816-24)   1798:9240 
MOODIE,  William    1799 :  9435 
MOORE,  Mrs.  (servant  in  Newgate) 

1793:8339 
MOORE,  John,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury  1794:8428.    1795:8605 


MOREAU,  Jean-Victor-Marie    1799 

9408 
MORRIS,    Captain    Charles      1796 

8815.    1797:9023.    1798:9240 
MORTIMER  (picture-dealer)     1796 


MOULiNS,  Jean-F.-Auguste     1799 

9408 
MUiR,  Thomas    1793:  8359,  8360. 

1798:9262 
MULGRAVE,   Henry  Phipps,   Baron 

(cr.  1794)   1798  :  9180 
MUNCHAUSEN,  Barou    1796:  8969 
MUNRO,  Henry,  see  monroe 
MURRAY,  James  Arthur    1793 :  8342 
MURRAY,  Lady  William  (Mary  Anne, 

nie  Hodges)   1793 :  8342 
MURRAY,  Lord  William   1793 :  8342 

napoleon,  see  Bonaparte 

NASSALIN   1797 :  9065 

NELSON,  Admiral  Horatio,  K.B., 
Baron  Nelson  of  the  Nile,  1798 
(Viscount  Nelson  1801)  1798: 
9160,  9248,  9248  A*,  9250,  9250  A*, 
9251,  9252,  9256,  9257,  9257  A*, 
9259,  9262,  9264,  9268,  9269,  9278, 
9291.    1799:   9336,  9412.     1800: 

9513.  9550 
NEWLAND,    Abraham    1797:  9017, 

9033 

NEViTNHAM,  Nathaniel    1793  :  8315 

NICHOLLS,  John  1797:  9049.  1798  : 
9168,  9189,  9211,  9217,  9217  A*, 
9230,  9230  A*,  9240,  9263,  9263  A*, 
9279,  9282,  9282  A*.  1799:  9347, 
9369,  9378,  9434-    1800:  9522 

NICHOLSON,  Margaret   1793  :  8367" 

NicoL,  G.   1798 :  9186 

NOEL,  Fran9ois  -  Joseph  -  Michel 
1797 :  9034 

NOLLEKENS,    Joscph,    R.A.     1800: 

9572 

NORFOLK,  Charles  Howard,  nth 
Duke  of  1793:8316.  1794:8479. 
1795:  8624,  8644,  8648,  8655. 
1796:  8815,  8826,  8866.  1798: 
9160,  9168,  9170,  9171,  9175,  9177, 
9189,  9191,  9197,  9205,  9215,  9216, 
9217,  9217  A*,  9223,  9227,  9230, 
9230  A*,  9233,  9233  A*,  9240, 9245, 
9245  A*,  9248,  9248  A*,  9255,  9258, 


*  Date  uncertain. 
689 


yy 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


9261,  9262,  9266,  9267,  9279,  9282, 
9282  A*.      1799:     9340,     9340  A*, 

9343,  9345,  9347,  9349,  9353,  9369, 

9406,  9409,  9434.    1800 :  9570 
NORTH,  Frederick  Lord,  2nd  Earl 

of  Guilford    1794:  8422.     1798: 

9266.    1800 :  9518,  9549 
NORTHCOTE,    Jamcs,    R.A.     1797: 

9085 

o'coiGLEY  (or  quigley),  Jeremiah 
1798:  9202,  9244.  1799:  9341, 
9345,  9369.    1800 :  9515 

O'CONNOR,  Arthur  1798:  9189, 
9202,  9217,  9217  A*,  9227,  9240, 
9244,  9245,  9245  A*,  9249,  9254, 

9258,  9262,  9263,  9263  A*,  9266. 

1799:    9341,    9343,    9345,    9350, 
9350  A*,  9369,  9370,  9402,  9402  A*, 
9416,  9434.    1800 :  9515,  9549 
okeley,  William   1799  :  9345 
ONSLOW,  Sir  Richard  (cr.  Bart.  1797) 

1798:  9160,  9167 
OPIE,  John,  R.A.    1797 :  9085 
ORANGE,  Prince  Frederick  of  1796 : 

8858 
ORL]^NS,  Louis  -  Philippe  -  Joseph 
(figalite)  Due  d'  1793:  8292, 
8293,  8294,  8298,  8302.  1794: 
8424,  8457.  1796:  8788.  1797: 
9020.  1799 :  9349 
OXFORD,  Jane  Elizabeth  (nee  Scott) 
Countess  of  1798:  9240,  9282, 
9282  A* 

PAINE,  Thomas  1793:  8286,  8287, 
8293, 8294, 8294  A,  8295, 8296, 8334, 
8338,  8367,'  8370.  1794:  8424. 
1795 :  8624, 8626,  8646,  8670,  8690, 
8713.  1796:  8787.  1797:  9044, 
9045,  9055.  1798:  9193,  9240, 
9258,  9262,  9286.  1799:  9370. 
1800 :  9522,  9569' 

PALMER,  (Rev.)  Thomas  Fyshe  1793: 
8362 

PARisoT,  Mme  1796:  8891,  8893, 
8894 

PARKER,  Admiral  Sir  Hyde  (Kt. 
1779)   1798:9167.    1800:95x3 

PARKER,  Richard    1797:  9021 

PARMIGIANO,  Giulio    1797:  9085 

PARR,  Samuel    1798:  9266.    1799: 


9345  n.,  9370,  9430, 9430  A*.  1800: 

9533 

PARRY,  John    1798 :  9194 

PASLEY,  Admiral  Sir  Thomas,  Bart. 
1798:9160 

PAUL  I  of  Russia  1797:  9058*. 
1799:  9338,  9415,  9422.  1800: 
9526,  9640 

PELLEW,  Captain  Sir  Edward  (Kt. 
1793,  Bart.  1796,  Admiral  1814, 
Viscount  Exmouth  1816-33) 
1798 :  9160 

PENN,  John  1799:  9441,  9447, 
9447  A* 

PERDiTA,  see  Robinson,  Mary 

PERRYN,  Sir  Richard  (Kt.  1776) 
Baron  of  the  Exchequer  1798: 
9192 

PETER  III  of  Russia  1795:  8607. 
1796:8844 

p^iondevilleneuve,j^r6me  1793: 
8286,  8334.  1794:  8475.  1798: 
9156 

philippeaux,  Pierre    1794:  8455 

PiCHEGRU,  Charles  1793:  8337*. 
1795 :  863  X 

PIGOTT,  Charles    1793 :  8339,  8342 

PINDAR,  Peter,  see  wolcot 

PITT,  (Hon.)  William  1793:  8299, 
8303,  8318,  8320,  8325,  8326,  833X, 
8356,  8363*,  8364*,  836s,  8375. 
1794:  8424,  8425,  8427,  8434, 
8458,  8462*,  8464*,  8467,  8480, 
8494,  8496,  8500,  8517*,  85x8*. 
1795:  8599,  86x8,  8620,  8620  a*, 
8621,  8624,  8625,  8626,  8631,  8635, 
864X,  8644,  8646,  8650,  865X,  8654, 
8655,  8658,  8660,  866x,  8663,  8664, 
8665,  8666,  8668,  8669,  8671,  8672, 
*8674,  8676,  8681,  8682,  p.  198, 
8683,  8686,  8687,  8688,  8689,  869X, 
8692,  8693,  8698,  8699,  870X,  8703, 
9704, 8705, 8707, 8708, 8712.  1796 : 
8792,  8794,  8796,  8797,  8798,  8799, 
8803,  8805,  8808,  88x2,  88x3,  88x7, 
8821,  8826,  8836,  8837,  8837  A*, 
8837  B*,  8839,  8841,  8842,  8843, 
8845*,  8894.  1797:  8979,  8980, 
898X,  898X  A*,  8985,  8990,  8992, 
8994,  8995,  8996,  8996  A*,  8998, 
8999,  9000,  900X,  9002,  9004, 
9010,  901 1,  9012,  90x3,  90x4,  9015, 


'  Date  uncertain. 


690 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


9016,  9017,  9018,  9022,  9022  A* 
9025,  9027,  9028,  9029,  9030,  9032 

9033,  9036,  9038,  9040,  9042,  9044 

9046,  9047,  9048,  9050,  9051,  9052 
9056,  9058*.  1798:  9157,  9158 
9160,  9161,  9162,  9163,  9164,  9166 
9167,  9170,  9171,  9175,  9177,  9179 
9180,  9188,  9189,  9192,  9195,  9203 

9205,  9206,  9218,  9219,  9219  A* 
9222,  9223,  9225,  9226,  9226  A* 
9230,  9230  A*,  9231,  9233,  9233  A* 
9237,  9241,  9242,  9263,  9263  A* 
9267,  9270,  9270  A*,  9273,  9275 
9276,  9279,  9281,  9283,  9285,  9286 

9287.  1799:  9337,  9337  A*,  9338 
9343.  9344,  9344  A*,  9345,  9346 
9347,  9348,  9348  A*,  9351,  9353 
9354,  9363,  9363  A*,  9364,  9364  A* 
9365,  9366,  9369,  9372,  9394 
9394  A*,  9395,  94°°,  9407,  9409 
9411,  9416,  9430,  9430  A*,  9432 
1800:  9507,  9508,  9508  A*,  951 1 
95 1 1  A*,  9515,  9516,  9517,  9518 
9520,  9524,  9525,  9528,  9529,  9531 
9532,  9535,  9543,  9543  A*,  9544 
9544  A*,  9548,  9548  A*,  9549,  9550 
9551,  9554*,'  9555*,'  9556*, 
9570,  9580.  Addenda  (1784) 
9666.  (1789)  9676 

PIUS  VI    1793 :  8290,  8363*.    1795 
*8674.    1796:  8821.    1797:  8997, 
9058*.  1798:  9224.    1800:  9522 

POPE,  Alexander  (actor)    1797  :  9086 

POPHAM,  Home  Riggs  (K.C.B.  1815) 
1798:  9232,  9232  A* 

PORTEUS,  Beilby,  Bishop  of  London 
1798:  9299 

PORTLAND,  William  Henry  Caven- 
dish Bentinck,  3rd  Duke  of  1793 : 
8316,  8332.  1795:  8618,  8620, 
8620  A*.  1796:8796.  1797:9001, 

9047.  1799:9407.    1800:9524 
POWELL,  Mrs.  (actress)  1798  :  9289 
POWYS,  Thomas,  cr.  Baron  Lilford 

1795 :  8704 
PRICE,  Richard,  D.D.   1793:  8286. 

1795:8624.    1799:9345.    1800: 

9522 
PRIESTLEY,  Joseph,  LL.D.     1793: 

8286,8318,8320,8331,8356.  1795; 

8624,  8685.     1798:  9240.     1799:^ 

9370.    1800 :  9522 


PRINGLE,  Thomas,  R.N.  1798 :  9160 
PROVis,  Mary  Anne   1797  :  9085 
PULTENEY  (formerly  Johnstone),  Sir 
William  (cr.  Bart.)    1798:  9212, 
9282,  9282  A*.    1799:9369 

QUEENSBERRY,  William  Douglas,  4th 
Duke  of  1795:8714.  1796:8843, 
8867,  8894.  1797:  9082.  1798: 
9303,9304-  1800:  9570,  9579, 
9580,  9582,  9634 

QUIGLEY,  see  O'COIGLEY 

QUINETTE,  Nicolas-Marie  1793 : 
8324,  p.  25 

RAPHAEL  Sanzio    1797  :  9085 
RAVAILLAC,  Frangois   1798:  9181 
REDHEAD,  See  Yorkc 
REEVES,  John     1793:  8365.     1794: 

8424.     1795:  8690,  8699.     1798: 

9286 
REID,  Major   1797:9071 
RENAUD,  Cecile    1794 :  8464* 
REYNOLDS,  Sir  Joshua,  P.R.A.  1797 : 

9085 
REWBELL,     Jean-Francois       1796 : 

8829,    9252,    9273.     1799:   9336, 

9349,  9350,  9350  A*,  9387 
RICHARDS,  John  Inigo    1794 :  8519 
RICHMOND,    Charles    Lennox,    3rd 

Duke  of  1793:8341.   1794:8423. 

1795:  8704.     1796:   8824,   8826. 

1800:   9570.     Addenda   (1789): 

9676 
RiDGWAY  or  RiDGEWAY,  James  1793 : 

8339,8342.    1798:9186 
RiEBAU  (shop  of)   1793 :  8370 
RiGAUD,  John  Francis,  R.A.    1797: 

9085 
RISING,  John   1797  :  9085 
ROBERJOT,  Claude   1799:9389 
ROBESPIERRE,  Maximilien  -  Marie  - 

Isidore    1793 :  8292,  8293,  8334. 

1794:    8424,    8450,    8475,    8477. 

1795:8675*.    1796:8847.    1798: 

9189,  9189  A*,  9217,  9217  A*,  9240, 

9270,  9270  A*.    1799 :  9345,  9349, 

9370,  9403.    1800 :  9522 
ROBINSON,   Mary  (Perdita)     1793: 

8291.     1795:   86n,    8646,   8673. 

1798 :  9240 
ROGERS  (exciseman)   1793 :  8385 


*  Date  uncertain. 
691 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


ROLAND  DE  LA  PLATifeRE,  Jean-Marie     santerre,   Antoine- Joseph     1793 : 


1798  :  9156.    1799 :  9352.    1800 : 

9522 
ROMME,  Gilbert   1799 :  9353 
ROCKER,    Michael,   A.R.A.     1797: 

9085 
ROSE,   George     1795:   8704,   8707. 

1797 :  9046.    1799  :  9508,  9508  A* 
ROSE,  Mme,  see  Didelot 
ROUSSEAU,  Jean- Jacques  1795:8624. 

1798:  9240.    1799:9352.    1800: 

9522 
ROWAN,  Archibald  Hamilton   1793 : 

8358.   1794:8466 
ROWLANDSON,  Thomas^     Addenda 

(1787):  9672 
RUBENS,  Peter  Paul   1797 :  9085 
RUMFORD,     Benjamin    Thompson, 

Count   1800 :  9565 
RUSBY   (corn-factor)     1800:    9545, 

9545  A* 

RUSSELL,  family  of  (the  Duke  of 
Bedford  and/or  his  near  rela- 
tives)   1793 :  8316.    1799 :  9345* 

RUTLAND,  Mary  (Somerset)  Duchess 
of  1793:8377 

RYDER,  (Hon.)  Dudley  (2nd  Baron 
Harrowby  1803,  cr.  Earl  of  Har- 
rowby  1809)  1798:  9218,  9219, 
9219  A* 

SAINT -JUST,  Antoine -L.- Leon  de 

1799 :  9349 
ST.  VINCENT,  Admiral  Sir  John  Jer- 

vis.  Earl  of  (1797)    1797 :  8978. 

1798 :    9160,    9167,    9182,    9257, 

9257  A*,  9259.    1800 :  9513 
SALISBURY,  James  Cecil,  7th  Earl 

and  I  St  Marquess  (1788)  of  1793 : 

8423.     1795:    8649,    8662,    8724. 

1797:  9014,  9015.     1798:  9297, 

9302.     1799:   9339,   9398,   9399. 

1800 :  9527,  9528 
SALISBURY,     Mary    Amelia    (Hill) 

Marchioness  of   1797 :  8982 
SANDBY,  Paul,  R.A.    1797:9085 
SANDERSON,  Sir  James  (Lord  Mayor) 

(cr.  Bart.  1794)   1793 :  8325 
SANDWICH,  John  Montagu,  4th  Earl 

of    1796:  8779,  8886.     Addenda 

96653 
'  See  Index  of  Artists. 


8308,  8319 
SAVARY,  Claude-^^tienne  1799 :  9352 
SAVILE,  Sir  George,  8th  Bart.  1799 : 

9+23 

SAXE  -  COBURG  -  SAALFELD,      Prince 

Frederick  Josias  of    1793 :  8322, 
8337*.    1796:8790 
SCH^RER,   Barthelemy-L.-J.     1799: 

9403 
SCOTT,  Sir  John,  K.C.  (Baron  Eldon 
1799,  Earl  of  Eldon  1821)   1798 : 
9194,  9245,  9245  A* 

SEMPLE     or     SEMPLE-LISLE,      JamCS 

George  1796:8873 
SEYES,  see  SIEYte 
SEYMOUR,      Lord      Hugh     (Vice- 

Admiral  1799)  1798  :  9167 
SHEARES,  Henry  1798 :  9244.   1799 : 

9369 
SHEARES,  John    1798:  9244.    1799: 

9369 
SHELBURNE,  Earl  of,  see  lansdowne 
SHERIDAN,  Richard  Brinsley  1793: 
8290,  8303,  8311,  8315,  8316,  8318, 
8320,  8331,  8356.  1794:  8424, 
8426,  8432,  8441,  8445,  8451,  8479, 
8491.  1795  :  8610, 8614, 8618, 8624, 
8627,  8642,  8644,  8648,  8655, 
8690,  8691,  8697,  8698,  8699, 
8701, 8709.  1796 :  8779, 8783, 8787, 
8794,  8796,  8797,  8803,  8805,  8826, 
8837,  8894.  1797:  8979,  8980, 
8984, 8986, 8990, 8994, 8995, 8999, 
9000,  9018,  9020,  9021, 9023, 9024, 
9029,  9040, 9042, 9044, 9056,  9078, 
9086.  1798:  9160,  9167,  9168, 
9170,  9172,  9180,  9189,  9191,  9215, 
9227,  9233,  9233  A*,  9242,  9245» 
9245  A*,  9248,  9248  A*,  9251,  9255, 
9257,  9257  A*,  9258,  9259,  9261, 
9262,  9263,  9263  A*,  9266,  9267, 
9273,  9276,  9277.  9279-  1799: 
9340.  9340  A*,  9343,  9347,  9349, 
9365,  9369,  9396,  9397.  9398,  9399, 
9401,  9402,  9402  A*,  9406,  9407, 
9409,  9411,  9416,  9417,  9431,  9434, 
9436,  9437-  1800:  9508,  9508  A*, 
9511,  95"  A*,  9515,  9519,  9522, 
9524,  9536,  9537,  9538,  9540,  9570. 
Addenda  (1188) :  9675 


*  Perhaps  Lord  William  Russell  (1639-83). 

692 


»  Date  uncertain. 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


SHERWIN,  John  Keyse.  Addenda 
(1787):   9672 

SHUCKBURGH-EVELYN,      Sir     GeOfgC 

Augustus  William,  6th  Bart., 
F.R.S.  1798:  9209,  9240,  9263, 
9263  A*,  9282, 9282  A*.  1799:9369, 

9377 

SIDDONS,  Mrs.  Sarah,  nee  Kemble 
1799:9437.    1800:9570 

siEY]fes,  Emmanuel- Joseph  1798 : 
9270,  9270  A*.  1799:9393,9408, 
9426,  9428,  9431.  1800:  9509, 
9522,  9534 

SINCLAIR,  Charles    1794 :  8509 

SINCLAIR,  Sir  John  (cr.  Bart.  1786) 
1798:  9271,  9271  A*,  9277,  9282, 
9282  A*.    1799 :  9369,  9416 

SKEFFINGTON,  Lumley  1799 :  9440, 
9447,  9447  A*-    1800:9557 

SKINNER,  Johanna,  'Luckie'  1796: 
8820 

SKIRVING,  William    1794 :  8506 
V    SMIRKE,  Robert,  R.A.    1797  :  9085 
-^ '   SMITH,  Charlotte    1798:9240 

'smoaker',  see  miles,  John 

SNEYD  (Rev.)  William^    1793 :  8385 

SNEYD  (Rev.)  William*  ( ?  or  John^) 
1796 :  8899 

SOPHIA,  Princess  1794:8517*.  1798: 
9182 

souTHEY,  Robert  1798 :  9240 

SPENCER,  George  John,  2nd  Earl 
1800 :  9518,  9524 

STAINES,  Sir  William  (Kt.  1796) 
1800 :  9550 

STANDISH,  Sir  Frank,  3rd  Bart. 
1800 :  9563,  9578 

STANHOPE,  Charles,  3rd  Earl  Stan- 
hope 1793:  8331.  1794:  8426, 
8442,  8443,  8448,  8452,  8465,  8468, 
8479.  1 795 :  8614, 8624, 8627, 8640, 
8642,  8644,  8648,  8655,  8691,  8701. 
1796:  8787,  8796,  8826.  1797: 
8986,  8990,  9000,  9021,  9024, 
9035.  1798:  9160,  9198,  9240, 
9258,  9282,  9282  A*.    1799:  9369, 

9431 
STANHOPE,  Lady  Griselda  (m.  John 

Tickell)   1794:8448 
STANHOPE,  Lady  Hester  Lucy  1794 : 

8448 


STANHOPE,  Lady  Lucy  Rachel  (m. 
Thomas  Taylor)  1794:  8448. 
1796 :  8787 

STANHOPE,  Louisa (Grenville)  Coun- 
tess  1794:8448 

STANISLAUS  II  of  Poland  1793 :  8349, 
8363*.   1794:8474.   1796:8844 

STAPLES  (J.P.)   1798 :  9160 

STEVENS,  George  Alexander    1793 : 

8379 
STOCKDALE,  John   1798 :  9186 
STONE,  John  Hurford    1798 :  9240 
STOTHARD,  Thomas,  R.A.  1797: 9085 
STRAW,  Jack     1795:  8685.     1799: 

9345 
STUART,  (Hon.)  William,  Bishop  of 

St.  Davids     1796 :  8793  A 
STURT,  Charles  1799  :  9379 
STURT,  Mrs.    1796 :  8879,  8880 
SUFFOLK,  John  Howard,  15th  Earl 

of   1798 :  9245,  9245  A* 
SUFFOLK,     Julia     {nee     Gaskarth) 

Countess  of    1798 :  9245,  9245  A* 
SUSSEX,    Duke    of,    see    Augustus 

Frederick 
suv6roff,    Alexander    Vasilievich 

1795:  8607.     1799:  9387,  9390, 

9392,  9393.  9404,  9404  A*,  9408, 

9422 
SYDNEY,  Thomas  Townshend,  ist 

Viscount  (1789)    1796 :  8826 
SYMONDS,   Henry  Delahay     1793: 

8339,  8342 

TALLEYRAND  -  Pl^RIGORD,         Charfcs 

Maurice   de.    Bishop   of  Autun 

(Prince  of  Benevento  1806)  1799 : 

9349.   1800 :  9522 
TALLiEN,  Jean-Lambert  1794:8514. 

1798 :  9270,  9270  A*.    1799 :  9350, 

9350  A* 
TANDY,  Napper  1798 :  9262.   1799  : 

9424 

TARLTON    1798:9240 

TATTERSALL,  Richard   1796 :  8890 

TAYLOR,  John    1798 :  9333 

TAYLOR,  Michael  Angelo  1793: 
8331.  1794:  8479.  1795:  8644 
1796:  8779,  8826.  1797:  8979* 
8980,  8984, 8986, 8995,  9018,  9040] 
1798:  9198,  9230,  9230  A*,  9240 


»  Mrs.  Sneyd  married  a  third  time,  28  June  1795.  G.  E.  C,  Peerage,  s.v.  Exeter. 
*  See  Index  of  Artists.      '  John  Sneyd  was  Rector  of  Elford  from  1792  to  1835. 

693 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


9258,  9263,  9263  A*,  9279,  9282, 
9282  A*,  9284,  9340,  9340  A*,  9347, 
9369,  9411,  9431.  1800:  9519, 
9522 

TAYLOR,  Mr.  Thomas  (of  Sevenoaks) 
1796 :  8787 

TENDUCCI,  GiustoFerdinando  1796 : 
8870 

THANET,  Sackville  Tufton,  9th  Earl 
of   1798 :  924s,  924s  A* 

THELWALL,  John  1795 :  8685,  8697, 
8701,  8708.  1796:  8787,  8814, 
8826.  1797:  8979,  8986,  9020, 
9021,  9024.  1798:  9160,  9240, 
9286.    1799 :  9345 

THOLDAL    1796 :  8885 

THOMPSON,  Benjamin,  see  rumford 

THOMPSON,  Vice-Admiral  Sir 
Charles,  Bart.    1798 :  9160,  9167 

THORNTON,  Thomas    1795  :  8715 

THOURET,  Jacques-Guillaume  1794 : 
8475 

THURLOW,  Edward,  Baron  1795: 
8618,  8647.  1797:  9044,  9060, 
9092.    1799 :  9347 

TIERNEY,  George  1797 :  9045.  1798  : 
9157,  9160,  9167,  9189,  9194,  9201, 
921S,  9217,  9217  A*,  9218,  9219, 
9219  A*,  9222,  9223,  9227,  9230, 
9230  A*,  9231,  9233,  9233  A*,  9240, 

9245,  9245  A*,  9248,  9248  A*,  9261, 
9263,  9263  A*,  9273,  9279,  9282, 

9282  A*,  9284.  1799: 9340, 9340  A*, 

9345,  9347,  9369,  9377,  9407,  94ii, 
9416,  9434.   1800:  9522,  9537, 

9538,  9548,  9548  A*,  9570 

TiPU,  Sultan  of  Mysore   1800 :  9516 

TITIAN,  Vecellio    1797  :  9085 

TONE,  Wolfe  1799:  93.';2,  9369,  9370 

TOOKE,  (Rev.)  John  Home    1793: 

8331,  8342.     1794:  8491.     1796: 

8813, 8814,  8815, 8817,  8826.  1797 : 

8986,   9020,   9021,   9024.     1798: 

9171,  9172,  9178,  9189,  9200,  9240, 

9258,  9270.  9270  A*,  9282,  9282  A*. 

1799 :  9345,  9347,  9349 
TOWERS,  Joseph    1794:8424.    1797: 

8979  n.    1799:  9345,  9370 
TOWNSEND     (Bow    Street    officer) 

1796:  8815,  8841.     1797:   9062. 

1798:9160.    1900:9527 
TOWNSEND,    Capt.    Samuel    Irwyn 

1800:9561 


TOWNSHEND,  George,  4th  Viscount 

Townshend,  or  Marquess  (1786) 

1799:9442.    1800:9567 
TREILHARD,    Jean-Baptiste      1798 : 

9252,    9273.     1799:    9336,    9349, 

9387,  9393 
TRESHAM,  Henry  (R.A.  1799)  1797 : 

9085 
TROLLOPE,  Capt.  Sir  Henry,  R.N. 

(Kt.  1797)  (Admiral  1812)   1798: 

9160,  9167 
TRUSLER,  (Rev.)  John    1799 :  9456 
TURKEY,  Ambassador  of  1793 :  8356, 

1794 :  8423 
TURKEY,  Sultan  of  (Selim)  -  1799 : 

9338,  9349 
TURNER,  Joseph  Mallord  William 

1797:9085 
TYLER,  Wat  1795 :  8685.   1799 :  9345 
TYSON,  Richard   1795 :  8737 

VAN  BUTCHELL,  Martin   1793 :  8342. 

1797  :  9085.   1800 :  9570 
VANCOUVER,  George   1796  :  8823 
VANCOUVER,  John  or  Charles   1796 

8823 
VERDiON,  John  Theodora  de   1793 

8370,8371-    1797:9063 
vicTOR-AMADEUS  III  of  Savoy  1793 

8363*.    1795:8674*.    1796:8821. 

1800 :  9522 
viLLENEUVE,   Pierre  -  C.  -  J.  -  B.  - 

Silvestre  de   1798  :  9252 
VOLNET,     Constantin-Frangois 

Chasseboeuf,    Comte    de    1798 : 

9278.    1799:  9352 
VOLTAIRE,    Frangois-Marie   Arouet 

de  1795:8624.   1798:9240,9293. 

1799:9345.    1800:9522 

w******.  Lady  Eliza   1795 :  8720 
WAKE,  Isabella    1795 :  8627 
WAKEFIELD,    Gilbert    1798 :    9240. 

1799 :  9370,  9371 
WALES,    Princess   of,   see   Caroline 

Amelia  Elizabeth 
WALKER,  Adam    1796 :  8887 
WALLACE,     Eglantine,     Lady,     tide 

Maxwell   1797:8982 
WALPOLE,    (Hon.)    George    1798: 

9218,  9219,  9219  A*,  9282,  9282  A*. 

1799 :  9369,  9376 
WARREN,  John,  Bishop  of  Bangor 

1796:8881,8882 


694 


INDEX  OF  PERSONS 


WARREN,  Mrs.  John   1796 :  8882 
WARREN,  Sir  John  Borlase,  Commo- 
dore   (cr.    Bart.     1775)      1798: 
9257,  9257  A*,  9259,  9262 
WATSON,  Col.    1797  :  9073 


WATSON,  Richard,  Bishop  of  Llai\- ' /Williams,  Helen  Maria  1798:9240 


dafF    1795:  8642.     1798:  9182; 

9240 
WATSON,  Robert,  M.D.   1793 :  8339 
WATT,  Robert   1794:  85 11 
WELTJIE,  Louis  1798  :  9291 
WEST,    Benjamin,    P.R.A.      1795: 

8704.    1797 :  9085 
WESTALL,  Richard,  R.A.  1797  :  9085 
WESTON  (bawd)    1795  :  8634 
WESTON,    Thomas    (actor)     1797: 

9086 
WHEELER,  Peter  (grocer)  1793  :  8367' 
WHITBREAD,    Samuel    1794:    8426. 

1795:  8638,  8690.     1798:  9240, 

9259.    1800 :  9522,  9548,  9548  A* 
WHITEFIELD,     Gcorgc.       Addenda 

(1787) :  9671 
WHITEFOORD,    Caleb    1795:    8725. 

1796 :  8815 
WHITEHEAD,      Lcvi     (hcad-waiter) 

1796:8875,  8875  A 
WICKHAM,  William   1796 :  8825 


WiLBERFORCE,  William  1795  :  8636, 
8637,  865s,  8704.  1796:  8793. 
1797:  8980,  8994,  9018,  9046. 
1798:  9180.  1800:  9570.  Ad- 
denda (1792) :  968s 

WILBRAHAM,  Captain   1793  :  8342 

WILHELMINA  (of  Hohcnzollern), 
Princess  of  Orange   1795  :  8674* 

WILKES,  John  1797:  9044.  1798: 
9270,  9270  A* 

WILLIAM  V  of  Orange,  Stadholder 
of  the  United  Provinces  1793 : 
8313,8314,8327.  1795:8631,8633, 
8674*.  1796:  8821,  8822,  8853. 
1797:  9014,  901S,  9065.  1799: 
9398,  9412,  9413,  9414,  9420, 
p.  574.   1800:9577 

WILLIAM      FREDERICK      (Prince)      of 

Gloucester  (Duke  of  Gloucester 
1805)    1795  :  8716.    1797  :  9014, 
9015,  9037,  9070.    1798  :  9290 
WILLIAM  HENRY,  Prince,  Duke  of 
Clarence  (William  IV,    1830-7) 


1794:  8517*.     1795:  8601,  8653, 
8661,    8666.    1796:  8826.    1797: 
9009,    9014,  9015,  9033.    1798: 
9182 
WILLIAMS,  David  1798 :  9240 


WILLIAMS,  WilHam    1793 :  8339 
WILLIS  (Rev.)  Francis,  M.D.   1795 : 

8728 
WILSON,  Richard  1797 :  9085 
WILTON,  Joseph,  R.A.    1794:  8519 
WINDHAM,    William      1793:    8315. 
1795:  8617,  8618,  8620,  8620  A*, 
8704.     1796:  8826,  8837.     1797: 
8979,   8995,   9038,   9046.     1798: 
9170,    9180,    9206.      1799:    9345 
9407.    1800 :  9515,  9518,  9524 
WINDSOR,    'Mother'    1797:    9082. 

1798 :  9303 
WINTER,  Captain  1798: 9232, 9232  A* 
WINTER,  Admiral  Jan  Willem  de  (or 

van)    1797 :  9034 
WOLCOT,  John  (Peter  Pindar)  1793 : 
8342,  8367,1  8375.     1797:   9088. 
1798 :  9159,  9286 
WOLLOGHAN    1799  :  9346 

woLLSTONECRAFT,  Mary  (m.  God- 


\  WWl-JLSJ 


1798 :  9240 


WIGSTEAD,  Henry   1799:9445  "   worsley,  Sir  Richard,  7th  Bart., 


F.R.S.    1796:8809 
WROUGHTON,  Richard   1797 :  9086 
WURMSER,     Dagobert     Siegmund, 

Graf  von   1797:9005 
WURTEMBERG,     Prince     Frederick 

Charles  of  (Duke  of,  1797,  King 

of,  1806-16)    1796:  8827,  8827  A. 

1797:  9006,  9007,  9008,  9008  A, 

9014,  9015 
WURTEMBERG,    Princess,    Duchess, 

and    Queen    of,    see    Charlotte 

Augusta  Matilda 
WYCOMBE,  John  Henry  Petty,  Earl 

(2nd   Marquess   of   Lansdowne 

1805-9)   1799:9438 

YORK,  Duchess  of,  see  Frederica 
YORK,     Duke    of,    see    Frederick 

Augustus 
YORKE,  Henry  Redhead    1794 :  8424 
YOUNG,  Arthur   1798  :  9286 

ZENOBio,  Count  Alvise    1793 :  8342 


'  Date  uncertain. 


695 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


For  portraits  where  the  title  is  the  name  of  the  subject  see  Index  of  Persons. 

Words  in  which  letters  are  supplied  by  asterisks,  &c.,  are  given  in  full. 

An  asterisk  denotes  a  foreign  print. 


ADDRESS  FROM  THE  CITIZENS  OF  NOR- 
WICH TO  THE  NATIONAL  CONVEN- 
TION     8617 

ADMIRAL  HOWE  TRIUMPHANT  JUNE  I, 
1794     8470 

ADMIRAL  NELSON  RECREATING  WITH 
HIS  BRAVE  TARS  AFTER  THE  GLOR- 
IOUS BATTLE  OF  THE  NILE      9256 

ADVERTISEMENTS  ILLUSTRATED!  (z) 
8548,  8549 

AFFABILITY      8616 

AFFRIGHTED  CENTAUR  (THE),  &  LION 
BRITANIQUE      9380 

[agreeable  CHARACTER  IN  A  POST- 
CHAISE,  an]     8963 

ALLEGORA      9617 

ALLEMAND,  AN      9153 

ALLIED        REPUBLICS        OF        FRANCE 

&    IRELAND    (the)    LIBERTY    AND 

EQUALITY  9254 
ALLIED-POWERS,  UNBOOTING  EGALIT^ 

9412 
AMBO  OCCIDERE  PARES      8743 
ANACHARSIS  CLOOTS      8452 
ANCIENT  AND  MODERN  ARMOUR  CON- 
TRASTED     9136 
ANCIENT    MODES    OF    MANNING    THE 

NAVY      8501 
"and  catch  the  living  MANNERS  AS 

THEY  rise"      8567 
ANTICIPATION — WAYS   AND  MEANS — 

OR  BUONAPARTE  REALLY  TAKEN !! 

9241 

[antiquarians    viewing    queen's 

cross]    8972 
antiqueerones  peeping  into  the 

piss  pot  of  heliogabalus    9296 

apotheosis  OF  HOCHE,  THE      9156 
APPLES  AND  THE  HORSE-TURDS  (THE)  ; 

— OR — BUONAPARTE    AMONG    THE 

GOLDEN  PIPPINS      9522 
ARCH-DUKE,  THE      8835 
ARISTOCRACY  AND  DEMOCRACY  964O 
ARISTOCRAT,  AN      9054 


ARISTOCRATICAL  COOK  (an)  WITH  A 
CONSTITUTIONAL  DINNER      9x02 

ARMED  AT  BOTH  POINTS,  (UNLESS  YOU 
KEEP  aloof)  .  .  .      9567 

*[AI«vdE  ROYAL-CRUCHE]      8462 

ARMORIAL  BEARINGS  FOR  DEALERS  IN 
THE  MARVELLOUS ! !      8969 

ARMS  EMBLAZONED  (THE)  OR  NEW  EN- 
LIGHTENED TRADING  FRATERNITY 
OF  OBSTETRIC,  PHARMACEUTIC, 
VETERINARIAN,  BARBERIAN,  MAG- 
NETIC CHIRURGIONS      9193 

ARS-MUSICA      9586,  9586  A 

ARTIST    TRAVELLING    IN    WALES,    AN 

9445 
AT  A  COMEDY      9099 
AT  A  TRAGEDY      9098 
ATLAS  (an)!  or  the  STRONG  MAN!! 

9159 
ATTORNEY  9486,  *9486  A 
AUCKWARD  SQUAD,  THE      8429 
AUSTRIAN  COMMANDER,  AN      842I 
AUTHOR  (an)  &  BOOKSELLER      9087, 

9087  A 
AVOCAT      DE      LA      REPUBLIQUE,      l' 

9208 
AYEZ  PITI6  DE  NOUS  I !      9002 

BABES  IN  THE  WOOD     8554 

BACK  FRONT  &  SIDE  VIEW  OF  A  DUTCH 

LIGHT  HORSEMAN  .  .  .  8478 
BAD  NEWS  UPON  CHANGE  8505 
BAILIFF   (a)    and    AN    ATTORNEY — ^A 

MATCH       FOR     THE     DEVIL     3767 

(p. 169) 
BAISER  A  LA  WIRTEMBOURG,  LE     9006 
BAKERS  SUNDAY  TRIUMPH,  THE     8482 
BANK-NOTES,     —  PAPER-MONEY,     — 

FRENCH-ALARMISTS,       —  O,       THE 

DEVIL,  THE  devil!.  THE  DEVIL ! — 

AH !  POOR  JOHN  BULL ! ! !      899O 
BANKRUPT  CART  (a) — OR  THE  ROAD  TO 

RUIN  IN  THE  EAST      9466 
BAR  ELOQUENCE     8606 


696 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


BARBER      9483,  *9483  A 

barberorum    962 1 

barber's  examination,  a    8696 

BARRERE      845 1 

BATH  BEAUTIES,  THE      8372 

BATTLE  OF  BANGOR,  THE      888 1 

BATTLE  OF  THE  BARBERS  AND  SUR- 
GEONS, THE      9093 

BATTLE  OUT  OF  THE  HOUSE  (a);  OR, 
THE  BEST  WAY  OF  SETTLING  THE 
DISPUTE  !   9022,  *9022  A 

BATTLEORUM      9620 

BEAUTIES  OF  WAR  (THE)  ! !      9418 

beauty's  DONATION  OR  FEELING  AND 
LOYALTY      8348 

BEDFORD  LEVEL,  THE      8639 

BEDFORDSHIRE  FARMER  (THE)  UN- 
LOADING HIS — PRESENTS ! ! !      9521 

BEDFORDSHIRE  HANNIBAL  (THE)  TAK- 
ing the  oaths  of  eternal 
enmity!!!     91 91 

beef  a  la  mode    96 1 2 

BEFORE      8744 

BEGONE  OLD  CARE,  I  PRY'THEE  BE- 
GONE FROM  ME      8913 

BEGGING  NO  ROBBERY;  —  I.E.  — 
VOLUNTARY  CONTRIBUTIONS; — OR 
— JOHN  BULL  ESCAPING  A  FORCED 
LOAN      8842 

BELLE  ESPAGNOLE  (LA),  —  OU  —  LA 
DOUBLURE    DE    MADAME    TALLIEN 


BELSCHAZZAR'S  FEAST      9171 
BILLING  AND  COOING  AT  THE  JELLY 

SHOP   9327 
BILLINGSGATE  BRUTES     8735 
BILLINGSGATE  ELOQUENCE      8604 
BILLINGSGATINA      9620 
BILLY  A  COCK-HORSE  OR  THE  MODERN 

COLOSSUS  AMUSING  HIMSELF    8994 
BILLY  &  HARRY  IN  THEIR  GLORY  OR  A 

GREAT  MAN  KICKED  OUT  OF  PLACE — 

9206 
BILLY  IN  HAST  GOING  TO  CONSULT 

HIS  OLD  FRIEND  CONCERNING  THE 

WAR     8494 
BILLY    IN    THE   DUMPS    OR   HOW   TO 

MANAGE    AFFAIRS    FOR    THE    NEXT 

MEETING  OF  PARLIAMENT      8434 
BILLY     PLAYING    JOHNNY    A    DIRTY 

TRICK      8812 
billy's    EFFIGY    BROUGHT    TO    JUS- 
TICE!!     9051 


billy's  FANTOCCINI   OR  JOHN  BULL 

over  curious    9237 
billys  hobby  horse  or  john  bull 

loaded  with  mischief    8664 
billy's  political  plaything   8839 

billy's       RAREE-SHEW  —  OR      JOHN 

BULL  ENLIGHTEN'D      9030 
BIRTH  OF  A  PRINCESS ! !,  THE      878 1 
BIRTH     OF     BILLY    BUGABOO    (THE)! 

9029 
BLACK-EYED  SUE,  AND  SWEET  POLL  OF 

PLYMOUTH  TAKING  LEAVE  OF  THEIR 

LOVERS  .  .  .     8573 
BLESS    THEE   BOTTOM    BLESS    THEE — 

THOU  ART  TRANSLATED      85x9 
BLESSINGS     OF     PEACE     (THE),     THE 

CURSES  OF  WAR      8609 
BLINDMANS  -  BUFF — OR — TOO    MANY 

FOR  JOHN  BULL      8658 
BLOOD  AND  BONE  !!!      9655 
BLOOD  OF  THE  MURDERED  CRYING  FOR 

VENGEANCE,  THE      8304 
BLOODY    NEWS — BLOODY    NEWS — OR 

— THE  FATAL  PUTNEY  DUEL     9218 
BLUE   &    BUFF     CHARITY; — OR — ^THE 

PATRIARCH  OF  THE  GREEK  CLERGY 

APPLYING  FOR  RELIEF      8331 
BLUE  DEVILS,  THE      8745 
BLUNDERS  IN  STYLE      9646 
BOND   STREET  BATTALION  (THE) — OR 

THE   HOSPITAL   STAFF   FROM   HOL- 
LAND ! ! !      9447,  *9447  A 
BONNE  BOUCHEE,  UNE      9468 
BONNET-ROUGE    (le),    — OR  —  JOHN 

BULL  EVADING  THE  HAT  TAX      9004 
BOO  AT  COURT  (a)  OR  THE  HIGHLAND 

SALUTE  FRONT  &  REAR!      9528 

[borders]    9490,  9491 

borders  for  rooms  &  halls    9489 

borders    for    rooms    &   screens 

9488 
BOREAS  EFFECTING  vraAT  HEALTH  & 

MODESTY  COULD  not!!!      9608 
BOSKY  MAGISTRATE,  THE     89x0 
BOTHERATION      8393 
BOUREAU,  LE     9201 
BOXERS  OF  BANGOR  OR  MESSENGERS  OF 

PEACE      8882 
BRACE    OF    ABRAHAM    NEWLANDS,    A 

9469 
BREAKFAST,     THE.  SYMPTOMS     OF 

DROWSINESS      8537 
BRIDAL  NIGHT,  THE      9014 


697 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


BRIGADE    MAJOR.    WEYMOUTH     1 797 

9071 
BRISSOT     8453 
BRISSOT'S  visit  to  his  FRIEND  LORD 

leveller    8439 
britannia    betv/een     scylla     & 

charybdis    8320 
britannia  in  french  stays,  or,  — 
re-form,   at   the   expence   of 
constitution    8287  a 
Britannia's  protection  or   loy- 
alty TRIUMPHANT     9542 
BRITISH   BUTCHER,   SUPPLYING  JOHN 
BULL     WITH     A     SUBSTITUTE     FOR 
BREAD  .  .  .      8665 
BRITISH  LION,  THE      9017 
BRITISH  MENAGERIE,  THE      8821 
BRITISH     NEPTUNE     RIDING     TRIUM- 
PHANT (the)  OR  THE  CARMIGNOLS 
DANCING   TO    THE   TUNE   OF   RULE 
BRITANNIA      8469 
[BUCKINGHAMSHIRE  HUNT,  a]      8960 
BUDGET  (the)  OR  JOHN  BULL  FRIGHT- 
NED    OUT    OF    HIS    (money)    WITS 

8837 

BUNDLE  OF  STRAW,  A      8756 

BUONAPARTE  AT  ROME  GIVING  AUDI- 
ENCE IN  STATE      8997 

BUONAPARTE,  HEARING  OF  NELSON'S 
VICTORY  SWEARS  BY  HIS  SWORD,  TO 
EXTIRPATE  THE  ENGLISH  FROM  OFF 
THE  EARTH      9278 

BUONAPARTE  IN  EGYPT — ^A  TERRIBLE 
TASK  PREPAREING  A  MUMMY  FOR 
A  PRESENT  TO  THE  GREAT  NATION 

9255 
BUONAPARTE  LEAVING  EGYPT      9523, 

♦9523  A 
BUONAPARTE'S  DANCE  OF  DEATH,    p. 

576 
BURGESS  OF  WARWICK  LANE,  A      8717 
BUY  MY  PRETTY  GUINEA  PIGS !      8663 

CABINET  COUNCIL,  THE      8956 

CABRIOLET,  LE      8460 

*CAFE  d'oRANGE  A  PLYMOUTH,  p.  478 

CAMILLE  DES  MOULINS      8454 

CANAL  MEETING,  A      9131 

CANEING    IN    CONDUIT    STREET,    THE 

8823 
CAPTAIN  WATTLE  AND  MISS  ROE    9324 
CARD  PARTY,  A      8584 
CARLO  KHAN  TURNED  BELLMAN    8622 


CARRYING  THE  UNION      9529 
CASTLE     SPECTRE     (THE)     AND     HER 

ERNEST  admirer!      9289 
CATCH'D  NAPPING      8589 

catification,  a    8728 

CECEDERS  in  limbo  —  IE  —  VAGA- 
BOND'S MADE  USEFULL      9267 

CELEBRATED  M**  }^°  CUSSANS,  THE 
9262 

CESTINA  WAREHOUSE  OR  BELLY  PIECE 
SHOP      8387 

CHANCELLOR  OF  THE  INQUISITION 
MARKING  THE  INCORRIGIBLES,  THE 
8316 

CHANCE  SELLER  RETIRED  FROM  BUSI- 
NESS, A      9060 

CHANCE  SELLER  (a)  WITH  A  CAPITAL 
PRIZE     IN     THE     STATE     LOTTERY 

9059 
CHANGE  OF  A  GUINEA  OR  THREE  SEVEN 

SHILLING  PIECES ! ! !      9460 
CHARACTERS  FROM  NATURE      8563 
CHARACTERS  IN  A  VILLAGE  ALEHOUSE 

9149 
CHARACTERS  IN  HIGH  LIFE      8722 
CHARACTERS  SKETCHED  IN  THE  VICI- 
NITY OF  LONDON  8932 
CHARGE  AT  ASCOT  180O,  A  .  .  .      9575 
CHARITY    COVERS    A    MULTITUDE    OF 
SINS      8615 

♦charlatan  politique  (LE)  OU  LE 

LtoPARD  APPRIVOISl^     85 17 

[characters  FROM  HOLCROFT'S  ROAD 
TO  ruin]    8951 

CHARM  FOR  A  DEMOCRACY  (a),  RE- 
VIEWED, ANALYSED,  &  DESTROYED 
JANY  iST  1799  .  .  .      9345 

CHAUVELIN     8456 

CHILDREN  OF  ERIN  (THE)  SEEKING 
PROTECTION  FROM  THEIR  FOSTER 
FATHER      9368 

CHRISTMAS  GAMBOLS,  OR  A  KISS 
UNDER  THE  MISTLETOE     8588 

CITIZEN  BARDOLPH  REFUSED  ADMIT- 
TANCE AT  PRINCE  HAL'S      8441 

CITIZEN.  COUPE  TETE  IN  HIS  MISERY 
8293 

CITIZEN  DON  QUIXOTTE  (THE)  BE- 
COMES THE  CHAMPION  OF  FRENCH 
PRINCIPLES      8442 

CITIZEN  M.  C.  BROWNE      8510 

CITIZEN  MARGAROT      8507 

CITIZEN  SKIRVING      8506 


698 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


CITIZENS  VISITING  THE  BASTILLE, — 

VIDE.  DOMESTIC  CHARITIES      934I 
CLERICAL    ADVERSITY  —  OR    RIDING 

AGAINST  THE  WIND !      9155 
CLERICAL  ANTICIPATION      9138 
CLERICAL  POLITENESS      9142 
CLERICAL   PROSPERITY — OR    RIDING 

WITH  THE  WIND !      9154 
CLIMBING    THE    HILL    AT    LINCOLN 

9137 

•coalition  des  rois  (la)  ou  des 

BRIGANDS  COURONNfe   CONTRE  LA 

republique  frangaise    8674 
•coalition,  la    9058 

COALITION  (the),    A   SCENE   ON   THE 

continent    8608 

coat  of  arms  for  a  stamp  on  in- 
COME, A      9283 

COCK  AND  BULL  STORY,  A      8412 

COCKING  THE  GREEKS      8878 

COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  CHARGING,  P^ 
II.   NOON      9601 

COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  FINDING,  P^  I. 
MORNING      9600 

COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  FINDING  A 
HARE      9599,  *9599  A 

COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  MARKING  GAME 
9596,  *9596  A 

COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  RE-CHARGING 
9598,  *9598  A 

COCKNEY-SPORTSMEN  SHOOTING  FLY- 
ING    9597,  *9597  A 

COCKNEY  SPORTSMEN  SPYING  GAME 
P'^III,    EVENING      9602 

cockney's  CONTEMPLATING  ON  THE 
EXPLOITS  OF  THE  DAY.  P^  IV.  NIGHT 
9603 

COLD  BROTH  AND  CALAMITY     9663 

COLD  SEASON,  A      9496 

COLLAR'd  PORK      9613 

collection  of  ghosts,  a    89 1 4 
collection  of  hobgoblins,  a  8915 
college  indolence  (z)  9656,  9656  a 
[college  portraits]    8976 

[COLLEGE  scene]      9657 

COMFORT     TO     THE     CORNS        9585, 

9585  A,  9585  B 
COMFORTS  OF  A  RUMFORD  STOVE,  THE 

9565 
COMFORTS  OF  BATH  (TWELVE  PLATES) 

9321 
COMING-IN  AT  THE  DEATH      9591 
•COMMIirt  DE  SANTfe,  HET      8860 


•cOMMITlt  DER  HOOGE,  LAAGEN 
EN  MIDDELBAARE  HEERLYKHEEDEN 

8855 
•COMMITTi  MILITAIR,  HET      8848 
•COMMITTfe    VAN    ALGEMEEN    WAAK- 

ZAAMHEID      8853 
•COMMITTE  VAN  ALGEMEEN  WELZYN, 

HET      8847 
•COMMITTE  VAN  BONDGENOOTSCHAP, 

HET      8862 
•COMMITii:       VAN       BUITELANDSCHE 

ZAAKEN,  HET      8858 
•COMMITTE     VAN     DE     VIVRES,     HET 

8852 
•COMMITTE  VAN  FINANCIE,  HET   8849 
•COMMITTfe  VAN  FRANSCHE  REQUISI- 

TIONIEN,  HET      8859 
•COMMITTfe     VAN     KOOPHANDEL     EN 

ZEEVAART,  HET      885 1 
•COMMITT^  VAN  NOODLYDENDE,  HET 

8856 
•COMMITTfe      VAN     REKENING,      HET 

8850 
•cOMMITTfe  VAN  REMOTIE,  HET    8861 
•COMMITT^  VAN  UITGEWEKENEN,  HET 

8857 
♦cOMMint  VAN  VOORLIGHTING,  HET 

8854 
COMMON  GARDEN  ORATOR  (THE)  OR 

AUT  CAESAR  AUT  NULLUS      9549 
COMPANION      TO     YAE OUGH,     A 

.  .  •      9653 

CONCILIATION  —  RECONCILIATION  — 
OR  JOHN  BULL  &  HIS  BROTHER 
PADDY      9265 

CONCISE  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  CON- 
VENTION BILLS  (a)  !!      8706 

•CONGRES  DES  ROIS  COALIS^S,  OU  LES 
TYRANS  (d^COURONN^S)      8363 

connoisseurs    9463 
consequences    of    a    successful 

french  invasion    9180-3 
•constitution  d'angleterre   8364 
contemplations  upon  a  coronet 

9074 

[contented  innkeeper,  a]    8965 

CONTEST  between  OPPRESSION  & 
REASON,  OR  THE  BEST  WAY  OF 
SETTLEING  DEBATES      p.  1 98 

CONTRAST,  THE     8284 

CONTRAST  (the) — A  PARK  SCENE  9665 

CONTRAST  (the),  OR  THINGS  AS  THEY 
ARE     8834 


699 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


[contrasted  Oxonians]    8975 
conversation  in  the  tuileries,  a 

8540 

CONVIVIAL  MEETING  AT  NOTTING- 
HAM, A      9141 

COOL  ARGUMENTS ! ! !      8502 

COOL  PIPE  IN  PALL  MALL  (a)!  SYM- 
TOMS  OF  EQUALITY      9530 

COPENHAGEN  HOUSE      8685 

copper-bottom's    retreat,    OR    A 

VIEW  OF  CARRON  WORKS ! ! !      9053 
CORN  DOCTOR,  THE      8409 
CORNER,  NEAR  THE  BANK  (a),  —  OR  — 

AN  EXAMPLE  FOR  FATHERS      9083 
CORRECT  LIKENESS  OF  THE  NOTORIOUS 

JANE  GIBBS,  A      9444 
*CORRECTION      REPUBLIC  AINE      1 793 

8337 
CORSICAN  CROCODILE  (THE)  DISSOLV- 
ING   THE    COUNCIL    OF    FROGS!!! 

9427 
CORSICAN  PHYSICIAN      9095 
COUNCELLOR  EGO.   — I:E:    LITTLE   I, 

MYSELF  I.      9246 
COUNCIL    OF    WAR    INTERRUl'TED,    A 

8790 
COUNT  ROUPEE      9066 
COUNTRY     AND     TOWN     PHYSICIANS 

8742 
COUNTRY  CHARACTERS      9482-7 
COUNTRY   CONCERT  (a);    — OR  —  AN 

evening's     entertainment     in 

SUSSEX      9306 
COUNTRY  CRIER,  THE      8411 
COUNTRY  CURATE,  THE      842O 
[country  farmer  (a),  &  WAITER  AT 

vauxhall]    8944 

[country  SCHOOLMASTER,  a]      8966 
COUNTRY  VICAR.  THE      8419 
[COUNTRYMAN        IN       LONDON,       A] 

8936 
COUP  DE  MAITRE,  LE     9039 
COURTEOUS   BARONET  (THE)   OR  THE 

WINDSOR  ADVERTISER  9446, 

9446  A,  0446  B 
CRIES  OF  LONDON      9474-80 
CRIM  CON  TEMPTATIONS   WITH    THE 

PRICES  AFFIXED      8928 
CRITIC,  THE      8752 
CROWN  &  ANCHOR  LIBEL(THE),  BURNT 

BY  THE  PUBLIC  HANGMAN      8699 
CRYER,  THE,  ALIAS  THE  BELL  WEATHER 

8989 


CUPID      9378 

CURE  FOR  NATIONAL  GRIEVANCES,  A 

8365 
CURSORY    PEEP    AT    GREAT    TOM    OF 

LINCOLN,  A      9140 
CURTAIN  LECTURE,  (a)  !      9267 
CYMON  &  IPHIGENIA      8908 


THE 


I, 


DAILY  -  ADVERTISER, 
♦8981  A,  8981 B 

damn'd  hot    8766 

dance  round  the  poles,  the    8483 

DANGER  OVER  (THE)  OR  BILLY'S  RE- 
TURN TO  JOHN  BULL      9225 

*DANSONS  LA  CARMAGNOLE  !  .  .  . 
8846 

DARBY  AND  JOAN      9077 

DARBY  AND  JOAN  OR  THE  DANCE  OF 
DEATH      9075 

DASH  UP  S''  JAMES'S  STREET,  A      9072 

DAYS  OF  prosperity;  OR,  CON- 
GRATULATIONS FOR  JOHON  bull! 
9287 

DAYS  OF  yore!!      9104 

DAYS  WE  LIVE  IN,  THE      91OS 

[DEAF  JUDGE  (THE),  OR  MUTUAL  MIS- 
UNDERSTANDING]     8947 

DEAF  MOORLANDER  (THE)  —  AN 
ORIGINAL  TALE      9501 

DEATH  OF  MARIAE  ANTONIETTA  .  .  . 
THE      8343 

DEATH  OF  THE  GREAT  WOLF,  THE  8704 

DEBATING  SOCIETY      8771 

DECENT  STORY,  A      8753 

*DECOUVERTE  MALHEUREUSE      8916 

DELEGATES  IN  COUNCIL  (THE)  OR 
BEGGARS  ON  HORSEBACK      902I 

DEMOCRACY  OF  FRANCE,  THE      8446 

DEMOCRACY ;  — OR — A  SKETCH  OF  THE 
LIFE  OF  BUONAPARTE      9534 

DEMOCRAT,  A      9055 

DEMOCRAT(a).  —  OR  —  REASON  & 
PHILOSOPHY      8310 

DEMOCRATIC  LEVELLING; — ALLIANCE 
A  LA  FRANCOISE  .  .  .      8787 

♦depart  DE  l'ambassade  ANGLAISE 

8845 
DEPUTATION      FROM      ONE     OF     THE 
POPUAR  SOCIETIES   OF   FRANCE  (a) 

endeavouring  to  persuade  john 
bull  that  he  can  do  better 
without  a  head  than  with 
one!!    8490 


700 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


DEPUTY  PENDULUM  S  MOTION  FOR  AN 
ADDRESS      8700 

DERBY  &  JOAN      8727 

DESIGN  FOR  THE  NAVAL  PILLAR    95 1 3 

DESIRE      9629 

DESPAIR     9632 

DESTRUCTION  OF  THE  FRENCH  COLOS- 
SUS    9260 

DEVIL  LOOKING  OVER  LINCOLN,  THE 

9139 

DEVIL  REPROVING  SIN,  THE     9502 

DEVILS — ^ANGLING  FOR  LAWYERS!!! 
9607,  9607  A 

DEVILS  DARLING,  THE      901 1 

DEVILS — PARSON  SHOOTING ! ! !     9606 

DIALOGUE  BETWEEN  A  BRITISH  TAR 
AND  A  FRENCH  CITIZEN,  A      9541 

DILEMMA  (a)  OR  THE  GERMAN-MAC- 
HEATH      9285 

DINNER  SPOIL'd,  THE      9622 

DINNER,  THE.  SYMPTOMS  OF  EATING  & 
DRINKING      8538 

DIOGENES  ALIAS  A.B  IN  TON  LOOKING 
FOR  AN  HONEST  LAWYER ! ! !      8520 

DIPLOMATIC  SQUAD  (THE),  OR  HAR- 
MONY INTERRUPTED      9031 

DIPLOMATIQUE  (UN),  SETTLING 
AFFAIRS  AT  STEVENS'S      9067 

DISCIPLINE  A  LA  KENYON      9079 

DISCORD  OF  MATRIMONY,  THE     892I 

DISCOVERY,  THE      9461 

DISSECTING  ROOM,  THE      9682 

DISSECTION,  A      9013 

DISSOLUTION  (the); — OR — ^THE  AL- 
CHYMIST  PRODUCING  AN  ^THERIAL 
REPRESENTATION      8805 

*DIVERS  PROJETS  SUR  LA  DESCENTE  EN 
ANGLETERRE      922O 

DIVERTIONS  OF  PURLEY  .  OR  OPPOSI- 
TION ATTENDING  THEIR  PRIVATE 
AFFAIRS      9020 

DIVIDING  THE  SPOIL  !  !     8880 

DIVINITY  AND  LAW  OR  A  PAIR  OF 
PORTRAITS      9096 

DOCTOR  DISTURBED,  THE     9673 

DOCTOR  JEREMY  SNOB      9334 

DOCTOR  PIZARRO  ADMINISTRING  TO 
HIS  PATIENTS !      9406 

DOCTOR  SANGRADO  RELIEVING  JOHN 
BULL  OF  THE  YELLOW  FEVER 
8620,  *8620  A 

DOCTORS  DIFFER  AND  THEIR  PATIENTS 
DIE      8590 


DOSE  FOR  DUMOURIER,  A      8322 

DOG  TAX,  THE     8794 

DOG   TAX   GATHERERS    IN   SEARCH   OF 

PUPPIES      8802 
DOUBLURES    OF    CHARACTERS; — OR — 

STRIKING  RESEMBLANCES  INPHISIO- 

GNOMY      9261,  9261  A,  9261  B 
DOWNFALL      OF      GALLIC      RELIGION 

8702 
DOWNFAL    OF    MONOPOLY    IN    180O 

9546 
DRAFT  OF  SWEET-WIRT  (a),  FROM  THE 

prince's   HEAD   ON   THE  ROAD   TO 

LONDON      9008,  9008  A 
DRAWING  FOR  TWELFTH-CAKE   AT  S"* 

Ann's  hill.  I !    9340,  *934o  a 

DRESSING  FOR  A  BIRTHDAY      9678 
DRESSING  FOR  A  MASQUERADE      9680 
DRESSING  THE  MINISTER  ALIAS  ROAST- 
ING THE  GUINEA  PIG     8650 
DRINK  TO  ME  ONLY  WITH  THINE  EYES 

9494 
DRUMMING  OUT  OF  THE  REGIMENT! ! ! 

9170 
DUEL  (the) — OR   CHARLEY   LONGING 

FOR  A  POP      9223 
DUKE  WILLIAM'S  GHOST      9381 
DULL  HUSBAND,  THE      9677 
DUMOURIER  &  HIS  AID  DU  CAMP  ON 

FULL    MARCH     TO     SEAL    UP    THE 

PAPERS  OF  THE  PRINCE  OF  ORANGE 

...      8313 
*[DUM0URIEZ  AND  THE  HOLLANDER] 

8314 

dumourier  dining  in  state  at  s'' 

James's  ...    8318 
durham  mustard  too  powerful 

for  italian  capers,  or  the  opera 

in  an  uproar    9300 

DUTCH  IN  AN  UPROAR  (tHE)  OR  THE 

batavian  republic  crying  for 
winter!    9034 
dutch  policy  or  the  fruits  of  the 
expedition!!!    9419 

DWARF  &  THE  GIANT  (THE)  OR  THE 
STRONG  LAD  OF  BRIGHTON  TAKING 
OFF  THE  prince's  CHUM!!!      8679 

EASING  THE  TOOTH-ACH      8909 
ECCENTRIC      EXCURSION,      plates     tO 
8929^6,  9115-55 

eccentrichtes,  monstrosities,  or 
bell's  and  beau's  of  1799    9455 


701 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


ECCLESIASTICAL  SCRUTINY — OR      THE 
DURHAM  INQUEST  ON  DUTY      9299 
*6C0T,  L'      9164 
EDINBURGH       ROYAL         VOLUNTEERS 

8513 
*EENIGE   DER   REPRESENTANTEN    VAN 

HET  VOLK  VAN  HOLLAND      8863 
EFFECT    OF    ROUGH     PAVEMENTS    TO 

TENDER-FOOTED    PASSENGERS,    THE 

9x30 
EFFECTS    OF    A    NEW    PEERAGE,    THE 

9109 
EFFECTS  OF  ADVERSITY,  THE      8545 
EFFECTS  OF  FALSHOOD,  THE      8543 
EFFECTS  OF  FLATTERY,  THE      8541 
EFFECTS  OF  HOPE,  THE      8542 
EFFECTS  OF  PEACE      9106 
EFFECTS  OF  PROSPERITY,  THE      8544 
EFFECTS  OF  THE  DOG  TAX      8796 
EFFECTS  OF  TRAGEDY      8776 
EFFUSIONS  OF  A  POT  OF  PORTER, — OR 

— MINISTERIAL  CONJURATIONS  FOR 

SUPPORTING      THE      WAR         9430, 

♦9430  A 
EFFUSIONS    OF    THE  HEART;" — OR — 

"lying-jack  the  BLACKSMITH  AT 

CONFESSION      9186 
EGALIT]^      8457 
EGYPTIAN  SKETCHES      9355 
"  ELEGANCE        DEMOCRATIQUE."        A 

SKETCH       FOUND      NEAR        HIGH- 

WYCOMBE      9438 
EMBARKING  ON  DICE-QUAY  FOR  MAR- 
GATE     8400 
EMETIC  COURT  BANK  DUBLIN      8564 
EMIGRATING  FROM  HOLLAND      8623 
ENCHANTMENTS   LATELY   SEEN   UPON 

THE   MOUNTAINS    OF   WALES    .    .    . 

8818 
END  OF  A  BARN  (THE)  TRANSFORMED 

INTO  A  HOBGOBLIN ! !      91 23 
END  OF  PAIN,  THE      8294,  9294  A 
END  OF  THE  IRISH  INVASION; — OR — 

THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  THE  FRENCH 

ARMADA      8979 
[ENGLAND  AND  FRANCE  CONTRASTED] 

8301 
ENGLAND    INVADED,    OR   FRENCHMEN 

NATURALIZED      9187 
ENGLISH  ADDRESS,  THE      9676 
ENGLISH         CURIOSITY         OR         THE 

FOREIGNER  STARED  OUT  OF  COUN- 
TENANCE     8531 


ENGLISHMAN  AND  FRENCHMAN,  THE 

8296 
ENJOYING  A  FRIEND      9330 
ENQUIRY    CONCERNING    THE    CLOCK 

TAX,  AN      9028 
ENRAGED    POLITICIAN  (THE)   OR  THE 

SUNDAY    REFORMER    OR    A    NOBLE 

BEL^-MAN  CRYING   STINKING   FISH 

9404,  *9404  A 
ENTER    COWSLIP    WITH    A    BOWL    OF 

CREAM      8721 

[envy]    8784 
epicurum    9616 

equestrian  sketches  from  an  inn 
at  loughborough    9135 

ERUPTION  OF  THE  MOUNTAIN  (THE) — 
OR — THE  HORRORS  OF  THE  "BOCCA 
DEL  INFERNO"  .  .  .      8479 

ESPLANADE,  THE      9019 

ESSEX  CALVE-RY  FOR  INTERNAL  DE- 
FENCE     8459 

ESSEX,  TO,  WIT — THE  DELEGATES 
LAMENTATION      8467 

EVACUATION  OF  OSTEND      8481 

EVERY    BODY    IN    TOWN    (2)      9633, 

9634 

EVIDENCE  TO  CHARACTER; — BEING  A 
PORTRAIT  OF  A  TRAITOR,  BY  HIS 
FRIENDS  &  BY  HIMSELF  9245, 
924s  A,  *9245  B 

EXACT  LIKENESS  OF  JAMES  HADFIELD, 
AN      9540 

EXALTATION  OF  FARO'S  DAUGHTERS 
8876 

EXHIBITION,  AN      8587 

EXHIBITION  OF  A  DEMOCRATIC- 
TRANSPARENCY, — ^WITH  ITS  EFFECT 
UPON  PATRIOTIC  FEELINGS :      9369 

EXIT  LIBERTY  A  LA  FRANCOIS ! — OR — 
BUONAPARTE  CLOSING  THE  FARCE 
OF  EGALITE  .  .  .      9426 

EX  MINISTER  TRAINING  A  TERRIER  AT 
BOWOOD,  AN      9179 

EXPLANATION,  THE      9219,  *92I9  A 

EX-RECTOR  OF  ST.  STEVENS  (THE),  AND 
HIS  CLERK  IN  SOLEMN  SUPPLICA- 
TION TO  THE  DEITY      8491 

EXTIRPATION  OF  THE  PLAGUES  OF 
EGYPT; — DESTRUCTION  OF  THE 
REVOLUTIONARY  CROCODILES; — OR 
— THE  BRITISH  HERO  CLEANSING 
Y^    MOUTH     OF     Y"    NILE        9250, 


'9250  A 


702 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


EXTRAORDINARY  SCENE  ON  THE  ROAD 
FROM  LONDON  TO  PORTSMOUTH 
(an),  or  an  INSTANCE  OF  UN- 
EXAMPLED SPEED  USED  IN  THE  BODY 
OF  THE  GUARDS      9234 

FAITH  OF  TREATIES  EXEMPLIFIED 
(the),  OR  JOHN  bull's  LAST  EFFORT 
TO     OBLIGE     HIS     FALSE     FRIENDS 

8477 

FAITHFUL  SERVICES  REWARDED      8357 

FALL  OF  PHAETON  (THE) — THE  BLOW 
UP  OF  THE  WHIG  CLUB — OR  THE 
MAJESTY  OF  THE  PEOPLE      9266 

FALLEN  angel!,  THE      8366 

FALSE  LIBERTY  REJECTED  OR  FRATER- 
NIZING AND  EQUALIZING  PRIN- 
CIPLES DISCARDED      83 1 1 

FAMILY  PARTY  (THE)  OR  PRINCE 
BLADDUD'S  MAN  TRAPS ! !      9382 

FAMILY  SECRETS ! !      91 08 

FANCYNINA      9616 

FARCE  OF  THE  GUILLOTINE  (THE), 
WITH     THE     king's     HEAD     IN     A 

BASKET,  see  under  8365 

FARMER  LOOBY  MANURING  THE  LAND 

8514 
farmer's    RETURN   (THE) — OR    NEWS 

FROM  LONDON      8583 
FARO'S  DAUGHTERS.  OR  THE  KENYON- 

lAN  BLOW  UP  TO  GAMBLERS      8879 
FARO'S     DAUGHTERS.     OR    THE    KEN- 

YONIAN  BLOW  UP  TO  THE  GREEKS 

8879  A 
FASHION  BEFORE  EASE; — OR, — ^A  GOOD 

CONSTITUTION   SACRIFICED    FOR   A 

FANTASTIC  FORM      8287 
FASHIONABLE       INFORMATION       FOR 

LADIES  IN  THE  COUNTRY,  A      8758 
FASHIONABLE- JOCKEYSHIP      881X 
FASHIONABLE   MAMMA  (THE), — OR — 

THE     CONVENIENCE     OF     MODERN 

DRESS     8897 
FASHIONABLE  SUIT  (a)  !      9625 
FASHIONABLES,  1 795,  THE     8764 
FAST  day!      8323 
FATIGUES     OF     THE     CAMPAIGN     IN 

FLANDERS     8327 
FAVORITE  CHICKENS,  OR  THE  STATE  OF 

johnny's    farm-yard    IN    1794 


FAVORITE    GUINEA    PIGS    GOING    TO 
MARKET     8668 


FAVOURITE     AMUSEMENT     AT      HEAD 

QUARTERS      8789 
"FEAST  OF  REASON  (THE)  &  THE  FLOW 

OF  SOUL" — I.E. — THE  WITS  OF  THE 

AGE  SETTING  THE  TABLE  IN  A  ROAR 

8984 
FELLOW  SUFFERERS      9499 
FEMALE   GAMBLERS   IN   THE   PILLORY 

8877 

FEMALE  OPINIONS  ON  MILITARY 
TACTICS      9314 

FEMALE  WHIMSICALITIES      83  90 

FEMME  d'eSPRIT,  UNE      8723 

FETE  AT  CUMBERLAND  HOUSE  (a);  OR 
THE  COMFORTS  OF  AN  UNIN- 
HABITED MANSION ! !      9453 

FIELD-MARSHALL  COUNT  SUWARROW 
ROMNISKOY      9390 

FIELD  PREACHER,  THE      9122 

FIGHTING  FOR  THE  DUNGHILL: — OR 
— ^JACK  TAR  SETTLING  BUONAPARTE 
9268 

*FILS  DE  cfeAR  HATEZ  VOUS;  IL  EST 
TEMS  DE  PARTIR      9057 

FINDING      9593 

FINISHING  TOUCH,  THE      8586 

FIRST  ARTICLES  IN  REQUISITION  AT 
AMSTERDAM  (THE),  OR  THE  SANS 
CULOTTS  BECOME  TOUTS  CULOTTS 
8613 

FIRST  INTERVIEW  (THE),  OR  AN — EN- 
VOY FROM  JARMONY  TO  IMPROVE 
THE  BREED      9007 

500  £  A  YEAR  WILL  DO,  FOR  ME  AND 
FOR  YOU      5819 

five  senses,  the    9659 

flannel-armour;  —  female  pat- 
riotism, —  OR  —  MODERN  HEROES 
ACCOUTRED  FOR  THE  WAR      8347 

FLANNEL  COATS  OF  MAIL  AGAINST  THE 
COLD,  OR  THE  BRITISH  LADIES 
PATRIOTIC  PRESENTS  TO  THE  ARMY 

8349 
FLEMISH      CHARACTERS      (3)        8382, 

8383,  8384 
FLESH  AND  THE  SPIRIT,  THE      8525 
FLIGHT  ACROSS  THE  HERRING  POOL,  A 

9543 » *9543  A 
FLORA      9621 
FOGGY  WEATHER      8591 
FOLLOWING  THE  FASHION      8568 
FOLLY  OF  AN  OLD  MAN  MARRYING  A 

YOUNG  WIFE      8407 


703 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


FOOL  (a)  and  his  money's  SOON 
PARTED     8406 

FOOLS  ELOQUENCE      8603 

FOOTMAN      9484,  *9484A 

FOR  IMPROVING  THE  BREED      8827 

FORGET  &  FORGIVE  OR  HONEST. JACK 
SHAKING  HANDS  WITH  AN  OLD 
ACQUAINTANCE     9413 

FORMAL  INTRODUCTION  TO  AN  AS- 
SEMBLY, A      915 1 

FOUNTAIN  OF  INVENTION!!,  THE 
8621 

[fox  as  bellman]    8530 

fox  chase,  the    8480 

*fox  et  pitt    8518 

fox  that  lost  his  tail,  the    9215 

frailties  of  fashion    8388 

[france  past  and  present]    8368 

♦francois    ii    partant    pour   la 

GUERRE  .  .  .      9554 
♦FRANCOIS  II  REVENANT  DE  LA  GUERRE 
9555 

FRANCOIS  PHILIPPEAUX      8455 

FRANK  HAYMAN,  A  TALE      9333 

FRATERNISATION  IN  GRAND  CAIRO  OR 
THE  MAD  GENERAL  &  HIS  BONNY- 
PARTY  LIKELY  TO  BECOME  TRUE 
MUSSULMEN      9253 

FREDERIC  LE  GRAND  ROY  DE  PRUSE 
9664 

FREEBORN  ENGLISHMAN,  A      871O 

FREEBORN  ENGLISHMAN  (a)  !      871 1 

FREEDOM      8497 

FRENCH  BUGABO  (THE)  FRIGHTENING 
THE  ROYAL   COMMANDERS      9005 

FRENCH  CONSULAR  -  TRIUMVERATE 
(the),  SETTLING  THE  NEW  CON- 
STITUTION     9509 

FRENCH  FAMILY,  A      9686 

FRENCH  FEAST  OF  REASON  (THE),  OR 
THE  CLOVEN-FOOT  TRIUMPHANT 
8350 

FRENCH  GENERALS  RETIRING  ON  AC- 
COUNT OF  THEIR  health: — WITH 
LEPAUX  PRESIDING  IN  THE  DIREC- 
TORIAL DISPENSARY      9403 

FRENCH  GENTLEMAN  (a)  AT  THE 
COURT  OF  LOUIS  XVI™  ...      9410 

FRENCH       HABITS      9196-2OI,    9208- 

FRENCH  HAIL  STORM  (a), — OR — NEP- 
TUNE LOOSING  SIGHT  OF  THE  BREST 
FLEET     8352 


FRENCH  HAPPINESS  ENGLISH  MISERY 
8288 

FRENCH  INVASION  OR  BRIGHTON  IN  A 
BUSTLE      8432 

FRENCH  INVASION,  THE; — OR — ^JOHN 
BULL  BOMBARDING  THE  BUM-BOATS 
8346 

FRENCH  INVASION  UPON  DUTCH  BOT- 
TOMS    8642 

FRENCH  LIBERTY     8334 

FRENCH  LIBERTY  AT  THE  CLOSE  OF 
THE  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY      9433 

FRENCH-TAYLOR,  FITTING  JOHN  BULL 
WITH  A  '  'jean  DE  BRY'  '      9425 

FRENCH-TELEGRAPH  MAKING  SIGNALS 
IN  THE  DARK      86l2 

FRESH- WATER  SALUTE,  A      9464 

FRIEND  OF  HUMANITY  (THE)  AND  THE 
KNIFE-GRINDER      9045 

FRIENDSHIP,  A  PRINCIPAL  BEARD 
8369 

FROGS  REJECTING  THEIR  KING,  THE 
9420 

FROM  EATON      9684 

FRONTISPIECE  (3)  8437,  8449,  8636 

FRONTISPIECE.  CONTRASTED  SKETCHES 
OF  MIRTH  &  ENNUI      8929 

[FRONTISPIECE  FROM  AN  UNIDENTI- 
FIED PAMPHLET]      9286 

FRONTISPIECE  TO  CITIZEN  J^o 
NICHOLL'S  PARLIAMENTARY  AND 
UNPARLIAMENTARY  SPEECHES  AND 
VISIONS      9049 

FRONTISPIECE  TO  DR  BELLENDENUS'S 
SERMON  PREACHED  BEFORE  THE 
RIGHT  HONBLE  &C*  &C*      9533 

[FRONTISPIECE  TO  ODE  TO  THE  HERO 
OF  FINSBURY  SQUARE]      8729 

FUNERAL  OF  THE  PARTY,  THE      9258 

FUNERAL  OF  THE  REMAINS  OF  OPPOSI- 
TION (THE)!      941 1 

FUNERALORUM      9619 

FUTURE  PROSPECTS  OR  SYMPTOMS  OF 
LOVE  IN  HIGH  LIFE      88 1 0 

GALLANT    NELSON    (THE)    BRINGING 
HOME    TWO    UNCOMMON     FRENCH 
CROCADILES  FROM  THE  NILE  AS  A 
PRESENT  TO  THE  KING      9251 
GALLERY  OF  FASHION,  THE      8905 
GAME  AT  SKITTLES  (a)  !      9524 
GAZETTE        EXTRAORDINARY         FROM 
BERKELEY  SQUARE,  A      8461 


704 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


GENERSE  OF  PATRIOTISM  (tHE), — OR — 
THE  BLOOMSBURY  FARMER,  PLANT- 
ING BEDFORDSHIRE  WHEAT     8783 

GENERAL  COMPLAINT,  See  Under  8801 

GENERAL  FAST      8801 

GENERAL   FAST    IN   CONSEQUENCE   OF 

THE  WAR  (a)  ! !      8428 
GENERAL  MACK:  SCAMPERING  BACk! 

9342 
GENERAL  ON  THE  STAFF,  A     8619 
GENERAL  SENTIMENT,  THE      8999 
GEN'-     SWALLOW     DESTROYING     THE 

FRENCH  ARMY      9392 
GENERAL     SWARROW,     TOWING     THE 

FRENCH  DIRECTORY  INTO  RUSSIA!! 

9387 

GENEROUS  CUSTOMER,  A      9118 

GENIUS  OF  FRANCE  TRIUMPHANT, — OR 
— BRITANNIA  PETITIONING  FOR 
PEACE. — vide,  THE  PROPOSALS  OF 
OPPOSITION     8614 

" GENTLE  MANNERS,  WITH  AFFEC- 
TIONS MILD      9288 

GENTLE  MEASURES  OR  VOLUNTARY 
CONFESSIONS      9242 

GEOGRAPHY  BEWITCHED!  .  .  .  (3) 
8397,  8398,  8399 

[GEORGE  III  AND  STABLE  BOYS]      9674 

*GEORGES  TOURNANT  LA  MEULE  DE 
PITT  8464 

georgey  a'cock-horse    8889 
georgey  in  the  coal-hole    9566 
german     luxury, — or — ^repos    a 

l'allemande    9510 
get  ye  gone  raw  head  and  bloody 

bones — here  is  a  child  that 

dont  fear  you  !  !  9036 
ghost,  the    9385 
ghost  of  a  village  lawyer    9470 
ghost  of  buonaparte  appearing  to 

THE  DIRECTORY  (tHE)  ! ! !      9336 

GHOST  OF  sT  Stephen's  (the)  or  the 

STRANGER  AT  home!    9511,  *9SIIA 
GHOST    (the)    or    SECOND    WARNING 

9384 
GHOST  OF  THE  VICAR ! !      9471 
GHOST  (the)  OR  THE  CLOSET  SCENE  IN 

HAMLET      9383 
GIANT  FACTOTUM  AMUSING  HIMSELF, 

THE      8980 
*GIROUETTE  ANGLAISE,  LA     9556 
GIVE  A   DOG  AN   ILL   NAME  THEY'LL 

HANG  HIM      8803 


GLADIATOR  PUGNANS      8438 

GLORIOUS  RECEPTION  OF  THE  AM- 
BASSADOR OF  PEACE,  ON  HIS  ENTRY 
INTO  PARIS      8828 

GOD  SAVE  THE  KING, — IN  A  BUMPER. 
OR — ^AN  EVENING  SCENE,  THREE 
TIMES  A  WEEK  AT  WIMBLETON 
8651 

[going  to  meet  THE  JUDGE  AT  THE 
ASSIZES]      8946 

GOING  TO  OPEN  THE  BUDGET      884I 

GOING  UP  HIGHGATE  HILL       8405 

GOOD  NIGHT      9467 

GORDON-KNOT  (tHE)  —  OR  —  THE 
BONNY-DUCHESS  HUNTING  THE 
BEDFORDSHIRE  BULL      9084 

GOUT,  THE      9448 

*GOUVERNEMENT  ANGLOIS  :  L'ANG- 
LOIS  N^  LIBRE,      8463 

GOWN  (a)   METAMORPHOSED   INTO   A 

ghost!!    9124 
graces  comparing  sandals,   the 

9328 

GRACES  OF  ARCHERY  OR  ELEGANT  AIRS, 
ATTITUDES  AND  LADY  TRAPS      8547 

GRACES  OF  1794,  THE      8571 

GRAND  BATTLE  BETWEEN  THE  IRISH 
HEN  AND  THE  ENGLISH  BANTAM, 
THE      9372 

GRAND-CONSUL  OF  THE  GREAT  NA- 
TION (the)!!!  perusing  john 
bull's  dispatches  ! ! !    9512 

GRAND    republican    BALLOON,    THE 

9176 
GRAND  SIGNIOR  RETIRING,  THE     8807 
*GRANDE      AIGUISERIE      ROYALE      DE 

POIGNARDS  ANGLAIS,  LA      8464 
GRANDPAPPA  IN  HIS  GLORY ! ! !      8785 
[GRAVESEND  BOAT,  THE]      8949 
GREAT    DUMOURIER    TAKING    FRENCH 

LEAVE  OF  THE  NETHERLANDS,  THE 

8321 
GREAT  MAN  IN  DISTRESS  (a),  OR,  HOW 

TO  GROW  RICH  .  .  .     8330 
GREAT    PLENTY    AND    LITTLE    WASTE 

8582 
GREAT  SOUTH  SEA  CATERPILLAR  (THE), 

TRANSFORM'd        into       a       BATH 

BUTTERFLY      8718 
GREAT   SWALLOW   ALL   (THE)!!!    DIS- 
GORGING OR  FRENCH  BULLIE  TOO 

HOT     FOR     THE     BEARS     STOMACH 

9422 


705 


Z  Z 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


GRETNA  GREEN     9660 
GRINDER  OF  MUSIC,  A      8961 
GRINNING  MATCH,  A      9473 
GRINNING  THROUGH  A  HORSE  COLLAR, 

FOR  A  FLITCH  OF  BACON      8576 
GROTESQUE    BORDERS    FOR    ROOMS    & 

HALLS  (2)  9689,  9690 
GROUP  AT  BATH,  A     8955 
GROWN    GENTLEMEN    LEARNING    TO 

SKATE     8594 
GRUMBLERS ! ! !      9429 
GUARDIAN      OF     THE     NIGHT,     THE 

9101 
*GUILLOT     EFFRAY^     OU     PITT     AUX 

EXPEDiENS,  see  under  8434 

GUINEA  PIG,  A  (2)     8628,  8769 

HACKNEY  MEETING,  A     8782 

HALF  NATURAL      9440 

HALF  SEAS  OVER,  ALIAS  THE  HOPES  OF 

THE  FAMILY      8433 
HAMLET  IN  SCOTLAND      8527 
HAMPSHIRE    FENCIBLES    PROTECTING 

THEIR  BACON      8492 
HANGING.  DROWNING      8683 
HARMONY      8738 

HARMONY  OF  COURTSHIP,  THE      892O 
HARPYES  DEFILING  THE  FEAST      9377 
HAZARDORUM      9619 
HE  HAS  LOCKED  UP  ALL  MY  TREASURE 

9579 
HE    WOULD    BE    A    SOLDIER,    OR    THE 

HISTORY  OF  JOHN  BULLS  WARLIKE 

EXPEDITION      8333 
HE  WOULD  IF  HE  COULD ! !      8765 
HEAD — ^AND  BRAINS      9012 
HEAD  OF  HARE,  A      8726 
HEAVEN-BORN    BILLY    THE    SABBATH 

BREAKER  IN  THE  STOCKS  .  .  .      923 1 
HELIOGABALUS      9291 
HELL  BROKE  LOOSE,  BILLY  &  HIS  GANG, 

WORKING  THE  SWINE      8712 
HELTER  SKELTER — OR  A  SHOWER  ON 

GREENWICH  HILL      9329 
HENRY  MUNRO  CHIEF  OF   THE   IRISH 

REBELS      923s 
HERCULES  REPOSING      9375 
"here's   a  health  to  THE  DUKE   OF 

YORK"  .  .  .      8417 
"here's  songs  OF  LOVE  &  MAIDS  FOR- 
SAKEN"     8381 
HEROIC  CHARLOTTE  LA  CORD^,  UPON 

HER  TRIAL  .  .  .     8336 


HERO  OF  THE  NILE,  THE      9269 
hero's   RECRUITING   AT   KELSEY'S; — 

— GUARD-DAY  AT  S''  JAMES'S     9068 
HIBERNIAN      SAGACITY      AND      SANG 

FROID !      8747 

hierogliphick    on    the    king's 
birthday    9173 

HIEROGLYPHIC  ANSWER  (AN)  TO  THE 

sailor's  LETTER      9506 
HIEROGLYPHIC  EPISTLE  (AN)  FROM  A 

SAILOR  ON  BOARD  A  SHIP  TO  HIS 

SWEET  HEART      9505 
HIGH-CHANGE  IN  BOND  STREET, — OU 

— LA  POLITESSE  DU  GRANDE  MONDE 

8900 
HIGH  FUN  FOR  JOHN  BULL  OR  THE 

REPUBLICANS  PUT  TO  THEIR  LAST 

SHIFT      9264 
HIGH  GERMAN  METHOD  OF  DESTROY- 
ING VERMIN    AT   RAT-STADT,   THE 

9389 

highland  reel    9308 

hints  to  forestallers,  or  a  sure 

way  to  reduce  the  price  of 

grain!!    9547 
hints  to  modern  sculptors,  as  an 

ornament  to  a  future  square 

8800 
HINTS      TOWARDS      A      CHANGE      OF 

MINISTRY      8982 
HOBBY  HORSES      9107 
HOLD !  —  PIZARRO  —  HEAR  ME !  —  IF 

NOT  ALWAYS  JUSTLY,  AT  LEAST  ACT 

ALWAYS  GREATLY      9437 
*HOLLANDIA  REGENERATA      8846-65 
HOMER  SINGING  HIS  VERSES  TO  THE 

GREEKS      9023 
HONEST  PICKPOCKET,  THE      9027 
HONEST  TARS  AND  MARINES  OF  THE 

ARGONAUT,  THE      9185 
HON*"    COLONEL     GEORGE     HANGER 

8869 
HOPES     OF     BRITAIN     (THE)     BLOWN 

AWAY   thro'    a    SPEAKING   TRUM- 

PITT      9047 
HOPES  OF  THE  PARTY  (THE)  !  OR  THE 

DARLING      CHILDREN     OF     DEMO- 
CRACY !     9178 
HORRID  ASSASSIN  I^  HADFIELD  (THE), 

ATTEMTING  TO  SHOOT  THE  KING  .  . 

9536 
HORRORS    OF    THE    IRISH-UNION; — 

BOTHERATION  OF  POOR  PAT — OR — 


706 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


A  WHISPER  ACROSS  THE  CHANNEL 

9284 
HOUNDS  FINDING      9589 
HOUNDS  IN  FULL-CRY      9590 
HOUNDS  THROWING  OFF      9588 
HOW    A    GREAT    ADMIRAL,    WITH    A 

GREAT  FLEET,  WENT  A  GREAT  WAY, 

WAS   LOST   A   GREAT   WHILE,    .    .    . 

8353 

HOW  ARE  WE  RUINED !      8489 

HOW  TO  RIDE  WITH  ELEGANCE  THRO' 
THE  STREETS      9560 

HOW  TO  THROW  AN  ARMY  INTO 
CONFUSION      8791 

HUMBUGGING.  OR  RAISING  THE  DEVIL 
961 1 

HUNTING  PIECE  ON  A  NEW  CON- 
STRUCTION     9648 

HUSTINGS,  THE     8804 


I  SAY  NOTHING      8768 

I  VONT  TAKE  A  FARDEN  LESS  8767, 
8767  A 

[iLL-TEMPERED  HOSTESS,  AN]      8964 

ILLUSTRIOUS  HEADS  DESIGNED  FOR  A 
NEW  HISTORY  OF  REPUBLICANISM 
IN  FRENCH  &  ENGLISH      8449-57 

"improvement  in  WEIGHTS  AND  MEA- 
SURES".— OR — SIR  JOHN  SEECLEAR 
DISCOVERING  Y^  BALLANCE  OF  Y^ 
BRITISH  FLAG      9271,  *927I  A 

IN  AT  THE  DEATH      9595 

IN  FULL  CRY      9594 

INCENDIARY,  THE      8670 

INDEPENDENCE      9401 

INEXHAUSTIBLE  MINE  (THE)  !      9025 

"INFANTERIE  FRAN^AISE  EN  EGYPTE. 
L'"  LE  GENERAL  l'ASNE  CONVERTED 
TO  IBRAHIM  BEY      9357 

INS  AND  THE  OUTS  (THE)  OR  THE 
JESUITS  TREATMENT  OF  HIS  NEW 
FRIENDS    9000 

INSIDE  OF  A  SCHOOL  (THE) — OR  THE 
FIRST  MEETING — ^AFTER  THE  HOLI- 
DAYS;!!!     9515 

INSPECTING  GENERAL,  AN     8619 

INSURRECTION  DE  l'INSTITUT  AMPHI- 
BIE  (l') — ^THE  PURSUIT  OF  KNOW- 
LEDGE    9356,  *9356  A 

INTENDED  BONNE  PARTE  RAISING  A 
SOUTHERLY  WIND      9172 

INTERROGATORIES    OR   AN    EXAMINA- 


TION BEFORE  THE  COMMISSIONERS 

8673 
IRISH  BULL  BROKE  LOOSE,  THE      9365 
IRISH  HOWL,  AN      9350,  *9350  A 
IRISH  HOWL  (an)  or  THE  CATHOLICS 

IN  FITZ      8632 
IRISH  HUG  (an)  alias  A  FRATERNAL 

EMBRACE      9249 
IRISH  UNION  (an)  !     9344,  *9344  A 
[ISLINGTON  characters]      8940 
IT  IS  NOT  ALL  GOLD  THAT  GLITTERS. 

OR   VOLUNTEERS    SETTLING   ABOUT 

PEDIGREE  AND  PRECEDENCE      9247 
ITALIAN  FAMILY,  AN      9670 
ITINERANT    LANGUAGE   MASTER,    THE 

9063 
ITINERANT  THEATRICAL    SKETCH,  AN 

9132 


JACK  a'  both  sides!    8422 

JACK  IN  OFFICE,  A     8395 

JAMES HADFIELD ! ! !      9539 

JEMMY  GRIPE      9295 

JERSEY  SMUGGLER  DETECTED  (THE)  : — 

OR — GOOD  CAUSE  FOR  DISCONTENT 

8806 
[JEW  AND  bishop]      8954 
JEWS   AT   A  LUNCHEON.      OR   A  PEEP 

INTO  duke's  place      8536 
JOHN  AM  I  DRAGGL'd      8373 
JOHN   BULL    &    HIS    DOG    FAITHFUL 

8797 
JOHN       BULL       ASK'd       AT       SAINT 


STEPHENS 


III 


9532 


JOHN  BULL  AT  HIS  STUDIES,  ATTENDED 
BY  HIS  GUARDIAN  ANGEL  9363, 
♦9363  A 

JOHN    BULL    CAUG'HT    AT    HIS    LAST 

luxury!!!    9050 
john  bull  consulting  the  oracle! 

9190 
JOHN  BULL  GETTING  THE  BETTER  OF 

THE  BLUE  DEVILS      9553 
JOHN  BULL  GROUND  DOWN      8654 
JOHN  BULL  HUMBUGG'd  ALIAS  BOTH- 

ear'd    8458 
john  bull  in  a  rage  forcing  nic 
frog  to  fight  against  his  will 

8299 
JOHN    BULL    IN    TRAINING    FOR    THE 

YEAR— 1799!!      9338 
JOHN     BULL     INTERRUPTED     AT     HIS 


707 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


MOMENTS  OF  REFRESHING  MEDITA- 
TION     9520 

JOHN  BULL  LEARNING  A  NEW  MOVE- 
MENT AGAINST  THE  NEXT  CAM- 
PAIGN    9364,  *9364A 

JOHN-BULL  PATIENCE-ON-MONUMENT 
SMILING  AT  GRIEF      9162 

JOHN  BULL — SWEARING  TO  HIS  PRO- 
PERTY!!     9281 

JOHN  BULL  TAKING  A  LUNCH — OR 
johnny's  PURVEYORS  PAMPERING 
HIS  APPETITE  WITH  DAINTIES  FROM 
ALL  PARTS  OF  THE  WORLD      9259 

JOHN  BULL  TAKING  A  LUNCHEON: — 
OR — BRITISH  COOKS,  CRAMMING 
OLD  GRUMBLE-GIZZARD,  WITH 
BONNE-CHERE      9257,  *9257  A 

JOHN  BULL  TROUBLED  WITH  THE 
BLUE  DEVILS      93  91 

JOHN  bull's  hint  FOR  A  PROFITABLE 
ALLIANCE      8487 

JOHN  bull's  new  CAKES  AND  GINGER- 
BREAD     9428 

JOHN  bull's  progress      8328 

JOHN  bull's  SACRIFICE  TO  JANUS  .  .  . 

8443 

JOHN  bull's  watchman  NEGLECT- 
ING HIS  DUTY  1 ! !      9508,  *95o8  A 

JOHN  DOE  &  RICH'^  ROE,  BROTHERS  IN 
LAW      8912 

JOHN  DOE  AND  RICHARD  ROE 
BROTHERS  IN  LAW ! !      891 1 

JOHN  GILPIN  THE  SECOND,  OR  CITY 
LIGHT  HORSE  VOLUNTEERS  PER- 
FORMING THEIR  EVOLUTIONS    8476 

JOHN  —  HOW  DO  YOU  LIKE  MY 
BRACES  ?      8902 

JOHNNY  IN  A  FLATTING  MILL      8808 

JOLTING  PREVENTIVES      9134 

JOSEPH  GERRALD  A  DELEGATE  TO  THE 
BRITISH  CONVENTION      8508 

JUGE  DU  TRIBUNAL  CORRECTIONEL 
9210 

JUGE  DE  PAIX     921 1 

JUSTICE  AND  HUMANITY  AT  HOME 
9685 

justice  mittimus  at  a  loss  how 

to  act  in  this  affair    8575 
[justices'  meeting,  a]    8959 

keen-sighted  politician  finding 
out  the  british  conquests,  a 

8656 


KEEN-SIGHTED  POLITICIAN  WARMING 
HIS  IMAGINATION,  A      8659 

KIDNAPPING,  OR  A  DISGRACE  TO  OLD 
ENGLAND      8484 

KILLING  WITH  KINDNESS      9624 

KNOWING  ONE,  A      9683 

LACK  WATER  CANAL,  A      8523 
LADIES  DRESS,   AS   IT  SOON  WILL  BE 

8896 
LADIES  EARS  BORED,  GRATIS      8408 
LADIES  PETITION  FOR  TWO  HUSBANDS, 

THE      9667 
LADIES  wigs!      9313 
LADY      GODINA'S      ROUT;       — OR  — 
PEEPING-TOM    SPYING   OUT    POPE- 
JOAN      8899 
LADY  HAMILTONS  ATTITUDES      9571 
[lady  playing  ON  A  HARPSICHORD, 

a]    8962 

LADY  PUTTING  ON  HER  CAP  (a), — 
JUNE  1795      8755 

LADY  TERMAGANT  TINGLEBUM  THE 
LOVELY  FLAGELLATION      8720 

LANDING  AT  MARGATE      8401 

LAST  DROP,  THE      9614 

LAST  INTERVIEW  BETWEEN  LOUIS  XVI 
.  .  .  AND  HIS  FAMILY,  THE     83 1 2 

LAST  SCENE  OF  THE  MANAGERS  FARCE, 
THE     8647 

LAUDABLE  PARTNERSHIP  (a)  OR  SOULS 
AND  BODIES,  CURED  WITHOUT  LOSS 
OF  TIME     8741 

LAW  SKETCHES  FROM  NATURE     8945 

[law  suit  GAINED,  A  A  LAW  SUIT 
LOST]      8948 

LAWYER  AND  HIS  AGENT,  A  (2)  8394, 
3765  (p.  69) 

LAWYERORUM      962 1 

LEADENHALL  VOLUNTEER  (THE), 
DREST  IN  HIS  SHAWL      8993 

LEARNED  PIG,  THE      9056 

LEARNING  TO  MAKE  APPLE  DUMP- 
LINGS     9041 

LEAVING  OFF  POWDER,  — OR  —  A 
FRUGAL  FAMILY  SAVING  A  GUINEA 
8629 

LE  BRUN  TRAVESTED      9628-32 

LEGAL  METHOD  OF  THRASHING  OUT 
GRAIN  OR  FORESTALLERS  &  RE- 
GRATERS  REALISING  THE  FRUITS  OF 
THEIR  HARVEST      9545,  *9S45  A 

LEGAL     MISTAKE     (a)      OR      HONEST 


708 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


MEN     TAKEN     FOR    CONSPIRATORS 

9194 
LEITH  VOLUNTEER      8733 
LESSON  FOR  PRINCES,  A      8824 
LET  US  ALL   BE  UNHAPPY  TOGETHER 

8596 
LEVI  AT  THE  GATE  OF  BACCHUS      8875, 

8875  A 
LIBERTY,       EQUALITY,       FRATERNITY 

9405 

LICENSED  TO  WEAR  THE  BREECHES 
8760 

LIFE  OF  MAN,  THE      8552 

LIGHT  EXPELLING  DARKNESS, — 
EVAPORATION  OF  STYGIAN  EX- 
HALATIONS,— OR — THE  SUN  OF  THE 
CONSTITUTION  RISING  SUPERIOR 
TO  THE  CLOUDS  OF  OPPOSITION 
8644 

LIGHT  HORSE  VOLUNTEERS  OF  LON- 
DON &  WESTMINSTER  (THE)  ...  RE- 
VIEWED ON  WIMBLEDON  COMMON 
9238 

LIGHT  SUMMER  TRAVELLING,  ONLY 
SIX  INSIDE,  CHILDREN  HALF  PRICE 
9TII 

LILLIPUTAN  SATIRISTS,  THE  9088, 
9088  A 

lion's  SHARE,  THE     8978 

LIST  OF  THE  REGICIDES  (a),  WHO 
VOTED  IN  THE  NATIONAL  CONVEN- 
TION ...      8514 

LOBSTERS  FOR  THE  LADIES  I.E.  JESSA- 
MIN SOLDIERS  OR  A  VETERAN  CORPS 
GOING  ON  DUTY      922 1 

LOCK'D  jaw  FOR  JOHN  BULL,  A      8693 

LOCUST,  A      8669 

lodgings  to  let    9322 

london  corresponding  society, 
alarm'd    9202 

london  outrider  or  brother 
saddlebag    9487 

longitude  and  latitude  of  war- 
ley  camp  in  the  summer  of  1 795 

8662 
LOO      8922 
LOOK     AT     ME,         i'M     AN     OBJECT! 

9026 
LORD    HOWE     THEY     RUN,     OR     THE 

BRITISH  TARS  GIVING  THE  CARMI- 

GNOLS  A  DRESSING  ON  MEMORABLE 


I^T  OF  JUNE  1794      8471 
LORD  LONGBOW,  THE  ALARMIST,  DIS- 


COVERING THE  MISERIES  OF  IRE- 
LAND     9184 

LORD  MUM  OVERWHELMED  WITH 
PARISIAN  EMBRACES      8830 

LORD  MUM  SUCKING  HIS  THUMB !! 
8832 

[lords  of  the  creation]    8967 

LOSS  OF  THE  FARO  BANK  (THE)  ;  OR — 
THE  rook's  PIGEON'D      9078 

LOTTERY  CONTRAST,  THE  (1794) 
3768  (p.  145) 

LOVE      8739 

LOVE  AND  LEARNING      9120 

LOVE  IN  A  BLAZE      96 1 5 

lover's  DREAM,  THE      8610 

LOW  COMEDIANS  AMUSING  THE  WISE 
MEN  OF  THE  east!!      9516 

LOYAL  DUCKING  (THE),  OR  RETURN- 
ING FROM  THE  REVIEW  ON  THE 
FOURTH  OF  JUNE,   180O      9582 

LOYAL     souls; — OR — A     PEEP     INTO 

THE  MESS-ROOM,  AT  sT  James's  9037 

LOYAL  TOAST,  THE      9168 

lullaby! — SOOTH      HIM      WITH      A 

lullaby!    9307 

LUXURY      8533 

MADAMOISELLE  PARISOT      8893 
MAGISTERIAL  VISIT,  A      8686 
MAGNANIMOUS  ALLY,  THE      9415 
MAIDSTONE        WHITEWASHER,        THE 

9343 
MAKING  A  freemason!      8386 
"MAMLOUK,    ET    HUSSARD    REPUBLI- 

cain"  general  result  of  Buona- 
parte's   ATTACK    UPON    IBRAHIM 

bey's  rear  guard.    9360 
man — mid-wife,  a    8376 
man  milliner,  the    8413 

MAN  OF  FEELING  (THE)  IN  SEARCH  OF 

indispensibles  .  .  .    9577 
man  of  importance,  a    9386 

manning  THE  NAVY       8447 

MANSION  HOUSE  TREAT  (a).  OR  SMOK- 
ING ATTITUDES  I      9550 

MARRIAGE  AGAINST  INCLINATION,  A 
STEP  TO  SEPARATION      9531 

MARRIAGE  OF  CUPID  &  PSYCHE,  THE 
9076 

MARS      9376 

MARTYR  OF  EQUALITY,  THE      8302 

MARTYRDOM  OF  LOUIS  XVI,  THE  .  .  . 
8297 


709 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


MARTYRDOM  OF  MARIE  ANTOINETTE 
.  .  .,  THE  .  .  .     8344 

MASSACRE  OF  THE  FRENCH  KING 
(2)     8306,8308 

MASSACRE  OF  THE  FRENCH  KING! 
8307 

MASSACRE  OF  THE  UNFORTUNATE 
FRENCH  KING,  ...      83 1 9 

MASTER  OF  THE  CEREMONIES  INTRO- 
DUCING A  PARTNER,  A     8737 

MASTER  OF  THE  ROLLS,  THE     8868 

MATRIMONIAL  COMFORTS      9622-27 

MAY  DAY — OR  JACK  IN  THE  GREEN  8772 

MAY-EVENING  SPORTS  OR  ROWAN 
LOST  IN  THE  SMOKE      8466 

MEETING  OF  CREDITORS,  A      8634 

MEETING  OF  THE  MONIED  INTEREST 
9282,  *9282  A,  9282  B 

MEETING  OF  UNFORTUNATE  CITOYENS 
9205 

MELTING  MOMENTS      8775 

MEMBER  OF  THE  FRENCH  WAR  DE- 
PARTMENT (a)  RAISING  FORSES  TO 
CONQUER  ALL  THE  WORLD      8345 

MEMBER  OF  THE  SCAMP  HUNT  AND 
PRESIDENT  OF  THE  CLUB  THREE 
TIMES  THREE  STANDING      9573 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  WHIG  CLUB      9216 

MEMBRE  DE  LA  HAUTE  COUR  DE  JUS- 
TICE     9209 

MEMBRE  DU  DIRECTOIRE  EX^CUTIF 
9199 

membres  du  conseil  des  anciens 

(les)    9197 
membres    du    conseil    des    cinq 

cents,  les    9198 
men  of  pleasure  in  their  varieties 

8551 

MESSAGER  d'^TAT      9213 

MESSENGER  FROM  THE  NILE  (a) — 
AGREABLE  NEWS  FOR  THE  DIREC- 
TORY— OR  RUNAWAY  ADMIRALS 
UNEXPECTED  ARRIVAL      9252 

MESSENGER  OF  PEACE,  THE      8829 

METHODIST  PARSON      8379 

MIDAS,  TRANSMUTING  ALL,  INTO 
PAPER      8995 

midnight  revels    875 1,  875 1  a 
military  caricaturist,  the    9442 
military  eloquence    86o2 
[military  portrait]    8874 

MILITARY  PORTRAITS — OR  A  BrracE 
OF  HEROES      9239 


MILITARY  PROMENADE      873 1 
MILITARY    SKETCH    (a),    OF    A    GILT 
STICK,     OR     POKER     EMBLAZONED 

9564 
[miller  and  HORSE,  a]      8953 
MINISTERIAL  ELOQUENCE      8599 
MINISTERS,  THE      9518 
MINISTRE    d'etat    (le),     EN    GRAND 

COSTUME      9196 
MINUTE  REGULATION  OF   THE  OPERA 

STEP     (a)  —  OR      AN      EPISCOPAL 

EXAMINATION      9297 
MISERY      8534 
MISS.  I  HAVE  A  MONSTROUS  CROW  TO 

PLUCK  WITH  YOU !  !      8557 
M*  FOLLET  AS   THE   CLOWN   IN    THE 

PANTOMIME    OF    HARLEQUIN    AND 

OBERON      9003 
jyjR   PITT   FABRICANT   DE    NOUVELLES 

tiJlegraphiques    *8837  A,  *8837  b 

MISTLETOE  (THE) — ^A  CHRISTMAS  TALE 

9661 
MODERN  BELLE  GOING  TO  THE  ROOMS 

AT  BATH,  A      8895 
MODERN  gain's  LAMENT,  THE      9166 
MODERN      ELEGANCE,      A      PORTRAIT 

8719 
MODERN     GRACE, — OR — THE    OPERA- 

TICAL   FINALE   IN   THE   BALLET  OF 

ALONZO  E  CARO !      8891 
MODERN   GULLIVER  (THE)   REMOVING 

THE     PARLIAMENT     OF     LILLIPUT 

9507 

MODERN  HERCULES  (THE)  OR  A  FINISH- 
ing blow  for  john  bull    8687 

modern  leviathan ! !,  the    8788 

modern  marriage  a  la  mode  sweet 
fruits  of  the  third  honey 
moon!!    9576 

modern  mode  of  beating  up  for 
volunteers!     8486 

modern  moderation  strikingly 
displayed  or  a  ministerial 
visitation  of  a  sabbath  evening 

SCHOOL      9435 

MODERN  MODESTY  CLERICAL  IM- 
PROVEMENTS OR  WIGS  A  l'eVEQUE 
9301 

MODERN  NURSING      8901 

MOMENT  OF  REFLECTION  (THE)  OR  A 
TALE  FOR  FUTURE  TIMES      8844 

MONEY  IN  MINE  POCKETS  A  DUTCH 
SENTIMENT  ...      p.  574 


710 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


MONKISH  VISION,  A      9148 
"monstrosities"  of   1799, — SCENE, 

KENSINGTON  GARDENS      9454 
MORE  BABES  IN  THE  WOOD ! !      9042 
MORE  EXPERIMENTS  ON  JOHN  BULL ! ! ! 

9354 

more  short  petticoats  or  high- 
land association  under  episco- 
pal examination    9302 

more  visitors  to  john  bull,  or  the 
assess'd  taxes!!!    9043 

moses  in  the  bull-rushes    8574 

MURDmt  OF  CUSTINE,  THE      834O 
MUTUAL    CONFIDENCE   IN   THE   YEAR 

1799      9367 
MY  GRANDMOTHER,  ALIAS  THE  JERSEY 

JIG,     ALIAS     THE    RIVAL    WIDOWS 

848s 
MY  POLL  &  MY  PARTNER  JOE     8907 

NATIONAL  CONVENIENCES     8906 

NATIONAL  CONVENTION  BOTHERED; 
OR  GENERAL  DUMOURIER  ASSISTING 
THE  FRENCH  COMMISSIONERS  .  .  . 
8324 

*NATIONALE  CONVENTIE  (de)  IN 
BARENSNOOD  VAN  BENE  CONSTI- 
TUTIE     8864 

naturalist's  visit  to  the  FLORIST, 
THE     9326 

NATURE  DISPLAY'D,  SHEWING  THE 
EFFECTS  OF  THE  CHANGE  OF  THE 
SEASONS  ON  THE  LADIES  GARDEN 
9097 

NAUTICAL.  OBSERVATIONS  ON  FEMALE 
DRESS.!!!     9609 

NAVAL  ELOQUENCE      86oi 

NEAR  IN  BLOOD,  THE  NEARER  BLOODY 
8292 

NECK  OR  nothing!  OR  QUITE  THE 
KICK      9100 

NEHEMIAH'S  DISASTER — ^A  TALE     9498 

nelson's  VICTORY ;  —  OR  —  GOOD- 
NEWS  OPERATING  UPON  LOYAL- 
FEELINGS      9248 

*NEUF  THERMIDOR  (LE)  OU  LA  SUR- 
PRISE ANGLOISE      867s 

NEW  BLENHEIM  DROP  (THE)  OR 
PATENT  PEGS  FOR  IMPERTINENT 
PUPPIES      9574 

NEW  DUTCH  EXERCISE,  A     8633 

NEW  HEAD  TO  A  POT  OF  PORTER,  A 
9432 


NEW  IRISH  JAUNTING  CARR,   A.  THE 

TANDEM — OR  BILLY  IN  HIS  SULKY 

9348,  *9348  A 
NEW  MERCURY  (THE)  DEDICATED  TO 

THE  FREE  &  INDEPENDENT  ELECTORS 

OF  WESTMINSTER      8813 
NEW  MODE  OF  GOING  TO  THE  HOUSE, 

A     8692 
NEW  MORALITY ; — OR — THE  PROMIS'd 

INSTALLMENT  OF  THE  HIGH-PRIEST 

OF  THE  THEOPHILANTHROPES   .  .   . 

9240,  9240  A 
NEW     PANTHEON     OF     DEMOCRATIC 

MYTHOLOGY,  THE     9374 
NEW   PAPER  MILL  (THE)  OR  M»  BULL 

GROUND  INTO  20  SHILLING  NOTES  ? 

8998 
NEW  PROP  FOR  A  RICKETY  STOOL,  A 

9305 
[new  RIVER  HEAD,  ISLINGTON]      8939 
NEW    SCOTCH    REEL    (THE)    ALTERED 

FROM   THE    BRUNSWIG    MINUET   & 

THE  OLD  JERSEY  JIG      8983 
NEW  SHOES      8532 
NEW  SONG  (a),  written  BY  CAPTAIN 

MORRIS,  ADDRESSED  TO  JOHN  BULL 

AND  HIS  NUMEROUS  FAMILY      8496 
NEW  SPEAKER  (i.E.  THE  LAW-CHICK), 

BETWEEN  THE  HAWKS  &  BUZZARDS, 

THE      9519 
NEW  WAY  OF  CURING   A  QUINSEY,    A 

9331 

new   way   of   paying   debts   of 

honor!!  (a)    9604 
new  way  of  posting  a  libel,  a 

8694 
[news  venders  at  BRISTOL]      9857 

nibbling  at  a  thin  slice  of  single 

Gloucester!!    9290 
night  mare,  a    8555 
night  mare,  the  (2)    8671 ,  9371 

NIGHTLY  VISITORS,  AT  S''  ANN's  HILL 

9244 
"no  FLOWER  THAT  BLOWS,   IS   LIKE 

THIS  rose"      8892 
NO  FOOL  LIKE  THE  OLD  FOOL      8579 
NO  GRUMBLING      8646 
NO  REFORM.  NO  REFORM      8635 
NOBLE  SANS-CULOTTE,  THE      8448 
NORTH  BRITAIN'S  CONTRIVANCE  FOR 

THE  ACCOMODATION  OF  HIS  WIFE,  A 

9113 
NORTH-ERN  ASS,  A      9666 


711 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


NOTTINGHAM  CARD  PARTY,  A      9144 

NOTORIOUS  CHARACTERS.  NO.  I.    9064 

NOUVELLES  DE  LA  COUR  DE  LA  GRANDE 
BETAGNE  OU  M*  PITT  ANNONCANT 
A  SA  MAJESTE  LA  REVOLUTION  EN 
HOLLANDE      863 1 

NUN  (a)  CONFESSING  HER  PAST  FOL- 
LIES TO  FATHER  SLY-BOOTS      8585 

NUNINA      9618 

NUPTIAL  BOWER  (THE);  WITH  THE 
EVIL-ONE,  PEEPING  OUT  AT  THE 
CHARMS  OF  EDEN      8985 

NUTS  WITH  THICK  RINDS  FOR  GROWN 
CHILDREN      9048 


OAKEN    CHEST   (tHE)    OR    THE    GOLD 

MINES  OF  IRELAND      8884 
ODD     TRICK    (the). —  OR  —  NUNKEE 

gaining  the  honors    8816 
oh!  cheboccone!    8643 

oh!  DEAR  WHAT  CAN  THE  MATTER  BE 
8341 

oh!  dear!  what  can  the  matter 
be  !  johnny  has  been  at  the  fair 

8404 
"oh!  LISTEN  TO  THE  VOICE  OF  LOVE" 

945° 
OLD   BUCK  TRYING  ON   PANTALOONS, 

AN      91 12 
OLD  CHEESE,  THE      9332 
OLD  GOAT  (the)  AND  YOUNG  KID — 

OR  THE  QUEENBOROUGH  NOVELIST 

9304 

OLD  HAT  OR  A  SERIOUS  DIVERTISSE- 
MENT AS  PERFORMED  AT  THE  CHAP- 
PEL  ROYAL ! ! !      9527 

OLD  MAID  IN  SEARCH  OF  A  FLEA,  AN 

8535 

OLD  MAIDS  IN  THE  NEXT  WORLD 
CHANGED  INTO  POST  HORSES  WITH 
OLD  BACHELORS  DRIVING  THEM 
9580 

OLD    Q UIZ    THE    OLD    GOAT    OF 

PICCADILLY      8867 

OLD  SILKY      8924 

OLD  TABBIES  ATTENDING  A  FAVORITE 
cat's  FUNERAL      8558 

OLD  WOMAN  (the)  AND  HER  DAUGH- 
TER     9658 

ONE  OF  THE  FAMILY! !  see  Under  No. 
8686 

ONE  OF  THE  SWINISH  MULTITUDE  8628 


OPENING  OF  PARLIAMENT  (THE)  OR 
THE  AIR  GUN  PLOT  OR  THE  IN- 
FAMOUS  ATTACK  ON   HIS   MAJESTY 

9035 

OPENING  OF  THE  BUDGET; — OR — 
JOHN  BULL  GIVING  HIS  BREECHES 
TO  SAVE  HIS  BACON      8836 

OPENING  THE  SLUICES  OR  HOLLAND'S 
LAST  SHIFT      8493 

OPENING  THE  SLUICES  OR  THE  SECRET 
EXPEDITION      9421 

OPERATICAL  REFORM ;  —  OR  —  LA 
DANCE  A  L'eVEQUE      9298 

OPPOSITION  ELOQUENCE      860O 

OPPOSITION  TELEGRAPHS;  — OR  — 
THE  LITTLE  SECOND-SIGHTED  LAW- 
YER GIVING  A  TRUE  SPECIMEN  OF 
PATRIOTIC  INFORMATION  9232, 
*9232 A 

ORANGERIE  (THE);  OR  —  THE  DUTCH 

cupid  reposing,  after  the 
fatigues  of  planting    8822 

ordinary  on  sunday's  at  two 
o'clock,  an    8415 

ourselves    8926 

outlines  of  the  opposition  .  .  . 

8437-43 
OVER- WEIGHT  —  OR     THE     SINKING 

FUND — OR     THE     DOWNFALL      OF 

FARO      9080 
[oxford  PROCESSION,  AN]      8974 

PAD  WAREHOUSE,  THE      839I 

PAIR    OF     SPECTACLES    EASILY    SEEN 

THRO',  A  8625 
PAIR  OF  WIRTEMBERGS  (a)!    OR   THE 

LITTLE  WILTSHIRE  DENTIST  EASING 

faro's  little  DAUGHTER  .  .  .    9081 
PAM  AND  FLUSH.    WE  ARE  ALL  LOO'D 

9163 
PANIC  ON  BOTH  SIDES  (a),  OR  GREAT 

MEN  IN  THE  HORRORS ! !      8689 
PANTAGRUEL'S    victorious    RETURN 

TO  THE  COURT  OF  GARGANTUA  .  .  . 

842s 
PARASOLS,  FOR  1 795      8754 
PARIS  BEAU,  A      8430 
PARIS  BELLE,  A      8431 
PARISIAN    LADIES    IN    THEIR    WINTER 

DRESS  FOR  1800      9457 
PARLIAMENTARY-REFORM,    —   OR  — 

OPPOSITION    RATS,    LEAVING    THE 

HOUSE  THEY  HAD  UNDERMINED  90 1 8 


712 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


PARODY  UPON  THE  POEM  OF  ALONZO 
THE   BRAVE   AND    THE    FAIR    IMO- 
GENE,  A      9503 
[parson  AND  dog]      875O 
PARSON  (the)  and  THE  FOX      909O 
PARSONIC  PIETY  (2)      8524,  9647 
party's  NOT  AGREED      9535 

♦past  op!!!    8865 

patern-staff — weymouth.      1797 

9070 

PATENT  WIGG,  THE     8338 

PATIENCE  ON  A  MONUMENT.  SMILING 
AT  GRIEF      9161 

patience;  OR  a  bad  job      933S 

PATIENT  TURNED  DOCTOR,  THE,  .  .  . 
8580 

PATRIOTIC  PLEADER,  THE     8374 

PATRIOTIC  REGENERATION,  —  VIZ.  — 
PARLIAMENT  REFORM'd,  A  LA  FRAN- 
COISE,  .  .  .      8624 

PATRIOTISM      8445 

PATRIOTS,  THE     8677 

PEACE  OFFERING  TO  THE  GENIUS  OF 
LIBERTY  AND  EQUALITY,  A     8426 

PEEP  AT  CHRISTIES  (a)  ; — OR — ^TALLY- 
HO,  &  HIS  NIMENY-PIMMENY  TAK- 
ING THE  MORNING  LOUNGE    8888 

PEEP  AT  THE  PARISOT  (a)!  WITH  Q  IN 
THE  corner!      8894 

PEEP  AT  THE  PLENIPO  (a) — ! ! !      8423 

PEEP  INTO  BETHLEHEM,  A      8367 

PEEP  INTO  SALDANHA  BAY  (a)  OR 
DUTCH  PERFIDY  REWARDED      883 1 

PEEP  INTO  THE  CAVE  OF  JACOBIN- 
ISM, A      9243 

PEEP  INTO  THE  RETREAT  AT  TINNE- 
HINCH,  A      9370 

PEEP  OF  DAY  boy's  PREVENTING  AN 

union  by  adding  fire  to  the 

sun!!!  .  .  .    9351 
peep  over  the  garden  wall  in 

berkeley  square,  a    8440 
peepers  in  bond  street,  or  the 

cause  of  the  lounge ! !    8377 
penance  for  past  folly    8499 
pen-etration    9441 
penserosa    9617 

PENSION  HUNTER      8361 
PEOPLE  OF  CONSEQUENCE     8566 
people's  favourite  FOX,  THE    8996, 

♦8996  A 
PETITION  MONGERS  IN  FULL  CRY  TO 

ST.  Stephens!!  .  .  .    8697 


PETTICOAT     government     OR     THE 

GREY  MARE  IS  THE  BETTER  HORSE 

8732 
PETTICOAT     GOVERNMENT     OR     THE 

SCRIPTURE  FULFILL'd  9654 
*PEUT  (un)  PLUS  LARGE  89 1 6 
*PEUT  (un)  plus  SERR^  8916 
PHILANTHROPIC  CONSOLATIONS, 

AFTER  THE  LOSS  OF  THE  SLAVE-BILL 

8793 
PHILOSOPHER  (a),  —  CONDUIT  STREET 

8887 
PHILOSOPHORUM      9616 
PHYSICORUM      9618 
PHYSIOGNOMICAL  STUDIES      8930 
PICTURE   OF   GREAT  BRITAIN   IN  THE 

YEAR  1793,  A      8424 
PIGS      meat;   — OR  —  THE      SWINE 

FLOGG'D  out  OF  THE  FARM-YARD 

9230,  *9230  A 
PIGMY  REVELS      9636-42 
PIGMY  REVELS  OR  ALL  ALIVE  AT  LILLI- 

PUT      9635 
"pity  the  sorrows  OF  A  POOR  OLD 

man"    8786 
pizarro  contemplating  the  pro- 
duct of  his  new  peruvian  mine 

9396 
PIZARRO  RETURNING  FROM  THE  GOLD 

MINES  OF  PERu!      9397 
PIZZARRO      9417 

PIZZARRO  A  NEW  PLAY  OR  THE  DRURY 
LANE  MASQUERADE      9402,  *9402  A 
PLACE  VICTOIRE  A  PARIS,  LA      9679 
PLAN  OF  MUD  ISLAND,  OFF  THE  KING- 
DOM OF  CORSICA      8516 
PLAIN  MINUET,  A      9152 
PLEASURES    OF    THE    COUNTRY      9481 
PLUNDERER  BEATING  DUPLICITY — OR 

AMUSEMENTS  AT  CAIRO      9274 
POLITE  CONGREGATION,  A      9143 
POLITE  PREACHER,  THE      9121 
POLITICAL  HOAXING ! !      9416 
POLITICAL      HYPOCHONDRIAC      (a)  !  I 

919s 
POLITICAL  LOCUST,  THE     8672 
POLITICAL   MAP   OF   ENGLAND   &C,  A 

9174 
POLITICAL  PAWNBROKERS,  THE     8325 
POLITICAL-RAVISHMENT,  OR  THE  OLD 

LADY     OF     THREADNEEDLE-STREET 

IN  dangfjr!     9016 

POLONIUS  (2)      8649,  8724 


713 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


POOR  CHARLEY  AND  THE  INCOME  TAX 
GATHERER      9353 

[  ?  PORTIONS  OF  A  BORDER]      9492 

PORTRAIT,  A      9439 

PORTRAIT  OF  AN  IRISH  CHIEF;  DRAWN 
FROM  LIFE  AT  WEXFORD      9236 

PORTRAITS  FROM  THE  SPIRITUAL 
QUIXOTE      9125 

PORTRAITS  OF  GENERAL  KELLERMANN, 
GENERAL  CUSTINE  .  .  .  [&C.]      8475 

PORTRAITS  OF  THE  BELLMEN  IN  THE 
WONDERFUL  MAGAZINE  (2)  8375, 
8529 

PORTRAITS  OF  THE  EMPRESS  OF 
RUSSIA,  THE  EMPEROR  OF  GERMANY, 
THE  KING  &  QUEEN  OF  ENGLAND  .  .  . 
[&C.]     8474 

"praetor  -  URBANUS;"  INAUGURA- 
TION OF  THE  COPTIC  MAYOR  OF 
CAIRO,  PRECEDED  BY  THE  PROCU- 
REUR  DE  LA  COMMUNE      9358 

PRAY  REMEMBER  US  POOR  CHILDREN 
8666 

prelude  to  crim  con  and  the 
finale!    8385 

[preparation  for  THE  ACADEMY, 
OLD  JOSEPH  NOLLEKENS  AND  HIS 
VENUS]      9572 

PREPARATIONS  FOR  THE  SPRING  CAM- 
PAIGN!     p.  617 

PREPARING  FOR  ACTION  OR  AN  ENG- 
LISH MAN  OF  WAR  ENGAGING  TWO 
DUTCH  DOGGERS      8329 

PRESAGES  OF  THE  MILLENIUM      8655 

PRESENT  STATE  OF  FRANCE,  THE 
8444 

PRESENTATION  OF  THE  MAHOMETAN 
CREDENTIALS — OR — ^THE  FINAL  RE- 
SOURCE OF  FRENCH  ATHEISTS     8356 

PRESENTATION  (THE)  —  OR  —  THE 
WISE  men's  OFFERING      8779 

PRESIDENT  D'ADMINISTRATION  MUNI- 
CIPALE      9200 

PRETTY  BARR  MAID,  THE     8736 

PRETTY  PORTRAITS      8546 

PRIDE  AND  EXULTATION  IN  A  SEDAN 
CHAIR      9147 

PRINCE  OF  SWINDLERS  (THE)  AND  HIS 
VIRTUOUS  ASSOCIATE      8873 

PRINCE  OF  THE  OLD  SCHOOL,  A     9558 

PRIVATE  DRILLING      p .  5 1 5 

PRIVATE  TUITION  A  PAIR  OF  POR- 
TRAITS     9581 


PROCTOR  WITH  A  WIG,  A      91 17 

PROCTOR  WITHOUT  A  WIG,  A      9115 

PROGRESS  OF  A  SCOTSMAN      8550 

PROGRESS  OF  AN  IRISH  EMIGRANT 
8562 

PROGRESS  OF  DRUNKENNESS      9645 

PROGRESS  OF  THE  CAMPAIGN,  THE 
8472 

PROMENADE  EN  FAMILLE  (LA) — A 
SKETCH  FROM  LIFE      9009 

PROMENADE  ON  THE  STATE  SIDE  OF 
NEWGATE      8342 

PROMENADE  TO  A  ROUT  ON  A  FAIR 
EVENING,  A      9145 

PROMIS'd  horrors  of  the  FRENCH 
INVASION,  —  OR  —  FORCIBLE  REA- 
SONS FOR  NEGOTIATING  A  REGICIDE 
PEACE     8826 

PROOF  OF  THE  REFIN'd  FEELINGS  OF 
AN  AMIABLE  CHARACTER,  LATELY  A 
CANDIDATE  FOR  A  CERTAIN  AN- 
CIENT CITY      8819 

PROPERTY  PROTECTED  .  A  LA  FRAN- 
COISE      9224 

PROPHET  OF  THE  HEBREWS  (THE), — 
THE  PRINCE  OF  PEACE — CONDUCT- 
ING THE  JEWS  TO  THE  PROMIS'D 
LAND      8627 

PROPHETIC  SKETCH  OF  THE  WIG  CLUB 
(a)  .  .  .     9434 

PROSPECT  OF  A  TRUCE     8678 

PROSPERO  AND  CALIBAN  IN  THE  EN- 
CHANTED ISLAND      9275 

PROVINCIAL  POLITENESS      9129 

PROVINCIAL  WIT      9129 

PUBLIC  CHARACTERS      9570 

PUBLICAN      9482 

PUBLICORUM      9618 

PULPIT  ELOQUENCE      8605 

PUNCH  CURES  THE  GOUT, — THE  COLIC 
— AND  THE  'TISICK      9449 

punch's  PUPPET  SHEW     8774 

PUPILS  OF  NATURE      93 1 0 

PUSH  ON — KEEP  MOVING      9OIO 

PUSH-PIN      9082 

PUZZLE  OF  PORTRAITS  (a).  OR  THE 
HOUR  GLASS  EXHAUSTED      8427 

PYLADES  &  ORESTES      9065 

QUACK  DOCTOR     8380 
QUALITY  LADDER,  THE      8378 
QUARRELL     ABOUT     PENSIONS     (THE) 
AMICABLY  SETTLED      8795 


7H 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


QUARRELSOME  TAYLORS,  OR  TWO  OF  A 

TRADE  SELDOME  AGREE      8595 
QUIZ-ZING  A  FILLY      8714 

RAFT  IN  DANGER  (THE)  OR  THE  RE- 
PUBLICAN CREW  DISAPPOINTED 
9160 

RAGE,  THE     8498 

RAGE  (the)  or  SHEPHERDS  I  HAVE 
LOST  MY  WAIST      8570 

RAISING  EVIL  SPIRITS      8777 

RAPE  OF  PROSERPINE,  A  DRAMATIC — 
TAIL     8730 

RAPTURE      9628 

REAL  CAUSE  OF  THE  PRESENT  HIGH- 
PRICE  OF  PROVISIONS,  OR,  A  VIEW 
ON  THE  SEA  COAST  OF  ENGLAND  .  .  . 
8648 

RECENT  ESCAPE,  A      8705 

RECEPTION  IN  HOLLAND,  THE      9414 

RECONCILIATION  OR  THE  RETURN 
FROM  SCOTLAND      9669 

RECRUIT  FOR  OPPOSITION  FROM  THE 
TEMPLE  OF  BRITISH  WORTHIES,  A 
8641 

RECRUITING  PARTY,  A      9128 

REFLECTIONS  ON  THE  FRENCH 
REVOLUTION     8285 

REFORM  ADVIS'd  REFORM  BEGUN 
REFORM  COMPLEAT      8289 

REFORMING  PEER,  THE      8465 

REHEARSAL  OF  A  FRENCH  INVASION  AS 
PERFORMED  BEFORE  THE  INVALIDS 
AT  THE  ISLANDS  OF  S^  MARCOU  9207 

RELIGION  GALLOPING  AWAY  FROM 
FRANCE      864s 

RELISH,  A     8581 

RENUNCIATION  (THE)  OF  AN  EX- 
NOBLE  NOW  BECOME  A  REPUBLICAN 
SANS-CULOTTE  CITIZEN     8468 

*REPONSE  INCROYABLE      8833 

REPRESENTANT  D'UNE  GRANDE  NA- 
TION     9349 

REPUBLICAN-ATTACK,  THE      868l 

REPUBLICAN  BEAU,  A      8435 

REPUBLICAN  BELLE,  A      8436 
REPUBLICAN-HERCULES        DEFENDING 

HIS  COUNTRY,  THE      8987 
REPUBLICAN      RATTLE-SNAKE      (THE) 
FASCINATING  THE  BEDFORD  SQUIR- 
REL     8684 
REPUBLICAN  SOLDIER  (THE)  !      9204 
REPUBLICANS  ON  A  MARCH,  THE    8473 


RESIGNATION,  THE      9175 
RETIRED  FROM  BUSINESS      9500 
RETORT  COURTEOUS,  THE     91 14 
RETORT  COURTEOUS  OR  THE  DISLOYAL 
ADDRESS  RETURNED  WITHOUT  CERE- 
MONY     9001 
RETRIBUTION; — TARRING  &  FEATHER- 
ING;—  OR  —  THE     PATRIOTS     RE- 
VENGE    8698 
RETURN  FROM  A  WALK  (a)  !      9623 
RETURN  FROM  PIZARRO,  THE      9399 
RETURNING  FROM  A  ROUT  ON  A  RAINY 

NIGHT      9146 
RETURNING  FROM  PIZARRO  !  !    9398 
REVEREND  PHILOSOPHER,  THE     8495 
REVOLUTIONARY    PHILOSOPHER,    THE 

849s 
RIDE  TO  RUMFORD      9465,  9465  A 
RIGHT    HON^"    (a)     ALIAS     A     SANS 

CULOTTE.  ALIAS  THE  MAN  OF  THE 

PEOPLE  .  .  .      8332 
RT  HON'^^^  CHARLES  JAMES  FOX      85  98 
RIGHT  HON"-^  DEMOCRAT  DISSECTED, 

A      8291 
RIGHT     HON^"    TRIUMPHANT    (THE) 

OR  DUPES  PAYING  THE  PIPER     8713 
RINGING    THE    CHANGES — OR     QUIZ- 
ZING MY  UNCLE      9323 
RIVAL  ACCOUCHEURS  (THE)   OR   WHO 

SHALL     DELIVER     EUROPE         9544, 

*9544A 
RIVAL  PIGS,  THE      8660 
ROAD  TO  RUIN,  THE      9495 
ROBESPIERRE      8450 
ROLLA's  ADDRESS  TO  THE  PERUVIAN 

ARMY      9407 
ROW  AT  A  COCK  AND  HEN  CLUB,   A 

9309 
ROYAL  BULL-FIGHT,  THE      8691 
ROYAL  EXTINGUISHER  (THE)  OR  GUL- 
LIVER PUTTING  OUT  THE  PATRIOTS 

OF  lilliput!!!    8701 

ROYAL  GEORGE,  THE      8950 

ROYAL  JASEY ! ! ,  THE      8988 

ROYAL  RECREATION      8607 

ROYAL    RUSH    LIGHT    (THE)!!     9233, 

*9233  A 
ROYAL    SOLDIER    IN    HIS    MAJESTY'S 

SERVICE,  THE      9203 
RUSSIAN  COLOSSUS,  THE      9408 


S.  ALAN  GARDINER.  COVENT  GARDEN 
8814 


7IS 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


SADNESS      9630 

SAECULI  LUMEN      9293 

S'^  BRUNO  REPROVING   HIS   DISCIPLES 

8539 

S'f  GEORGE  AND  THE  DRAGON  OF  THE 
GLORIOUS  ^RA  OF  1 798      9273 

ST  GEORGE'S  VOLUNTEERS  CHARGING 
DOWN  BOND  STREET  .  .  .      8991 

S'  JAMES'S  DAY      8402 

S''  PATRICK  MOUNTED  ON  THE 
pope's  bull  APPEARING  TO  THE 
CITY  SAGES      9688 

SALLY  OF  OUR  ALLEY      9650 

SALUTE,  THE      9069 

SANDWICH-CARROTS ! — DAINTY  SAND- 
WICH-CARROTS     8886 

SANS-CULOTTES,  FEEDING  EUROPE 
WITH  THE  BREAD  OF  LIBERTY    829O 

SANS  CULOTTES  FUNDAMENTALLY 
SUPPLIED  IN  DUTCH  -  BOTTOMS 
8630 

SATANS,  RETURN  FROM  EARTH.  DIS- 
COVERED IN  COUNCIL — ^WITH  BEL- 
ZEBUB  &  BELIAL  ...      943 1 

SAUCY  DOG,  A      8560 

SAVOYARDS  OF  FASHION — OR  THE 
MUSICAL  MANIA  OF  1 799      9459 

SCARAMOUCH,  A     8761 

SCARE-CROW,  A      8759 

SCENE  AT  MOTHER  OLIVER'S,  A      9578 

SCENE  IN  SOMERSET  HOUSE,  A     8528 

SCENE  IN  THE  CROWN  &  ANCHOR 
TAVERN  (a)  or  A  CRACK  IN  THE  WIG 
CLUB      8315 

SCENE  IN  THE  ENCHANTED  ISLAND,  A 
9276 

SCORN      9631 

scrutinizing  customer,  a    81 1 9 

sculptor,  the    9572 

search-night;  —  or  —  state- 
watchmen,  MISTAKING  honest- 
men  FOR  conspirators  9189, 
♦9189  A 

SECOND  JEAN  D'ARC  (a)  OR  THE 
assassination  of  MARAT  .  .  .    8335 

SEDITION  HUNTER  (THE)  DIS- 
APPOINTED —  OR  —  DAMNING  BY 
WINCHESTER  MEASURE      9192 

SHADES  OF  opposition;  OR,  MORE 
GHOSTS ! !      9279 

SHADOW  OF  A  DUKE,  THE      8715 

SHAKESPEARES  PROPHECY,  THE  LAST 
ACT  BUT  ONE  IN  THE  TEMPEST,  OR 


THE     JACK     DAWS     IN    BORROWED 

FEATHERS      8618 
SHAVE  FOR  A  PENNY,  HAIR  DRES'T  FOR 

TWO  PENCE,  .  .  .      8403 
SHE  WILL  BE  A  SOLDIER      93 1 5 
SHEPHERDS  I  HAVE  LOST  MY  WAIST ! 

8569 
SHEWING     THE     FAMILY     PORTRAITS 

8941 
SHEWING  THE  GARDEN     8942 
SHRINE    AT     S'T    ANN'S     HILL      9217, 

*92I7A 
SIEGE  DE  LA  COLONNE  DE  POMP]6e — 

SCIENCE  IN  THE  PILLORY      9352 
SINGULAR   SITUATION  (a),    OR   I   BY- 

myself   i  in  the  dumps  !  !   9277 
singing  a  duet,  madame  squall  & 

signior      grimaci       strainem 

squeezem    8565 
sir  harry-dimsdale    8871 
[sister  jane]    9091 
sister  to  the  guinea  pig,  a    8628 
six  different  methods  of  carrying 

a  stick  with  their  effects  8931 
six  of  the  most  approved  methods 

of  appearing  ridiculous  on  the 

ice!!    8938 
sketch   at  burrows-ash,   derby- 
SHIRE, A      9150 
SKETCHES  FROM  NATURE ! ! !      8809 
SKETCHES  IN  A  SHAVING  SHOP      8553 
SLAVE  MERCHANT,  THE      9493 
SLEEP-WALKER,  THE      8682 
[sleepy     characters    AT   TORRING- 

ton]    8958 

SLEEPY  DOSE  TO  THE  JACOBINES  (a) — 
OR  THE   EFFECTS  OF  NELSONS   VIC- 
TORY     9262 
SLENDER  BILLY    &   HOPPING    HARRY 
TRYING   TO   BRING   A   WILD    IRISH 
BULL  TO  WESTMINSTER  .  .  .      9517 
SLICE  OF  GLO'STER  CHEESE,  A      8716 
SLIPPERY  WEATHER      8592 
SLOUGH  OF  DESPOND,  THE      8286 
SMART  SHOES  MADE  TO  FIT — WITHOUT 

A  LAST      8572 
SMITHFIELD  SHARPERS      9672 
SMOAKING  CLUB,  THE     8416 
SMOCK-RACE    AT    TOTTENHAM-COURT 

FAIR,  A      9668 
SMOKING  CLUB,  A      8303 
SMUGGLING    CORN    FROM    EGYPT!!! 
952s 


716 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


SNAP  DRAGON     8778 

SNOW  BALLS — OR  THE  OLD  BUCK  IN 
DISTRESS      8578 

SNUG  party's  exit,  THE,  OR  THE 
FAREWELL  TO  BATH      9373 

"so  SKIFFY-SKIPT=ON,  WITH  HIS 
WONTED  grace"      9557 

SOCIABLE  MEETING  (a);  OR,  OLD 
FRIENDS  WITH  NEW  FACES ! ! !     8709 

"SOLA  VIRTUS  INVICTA" — "VIRTUE 
ALONE  IS  INVINCIBLE"      9177 

SOLDIER  AT  DRILL,  A      9294 

SOLDIER  TIR'd  OF  WARS  ALARMS,  THE 
9222 

SOLDIERS  RECRUTING      93 16 

SOLICITOR  GENERAL  FOR  THE  FRENCH 
REPUBLIC,  THE      8305 

SOME  BLUNDERS  OR  IRISH  BULLS 
8748 

SOULAGEMENT  EN  PRISON;  OR,  COM- 
FORT IN  PRISON      8339 

SPECIMEN  OF  LIGHT  HORSEMANSHIP, 
A      8708 

SPECIMEN  OF  SCOTCH  MODESTY,  A 
9169 

SPECIOUS  ORATOR,  THE     8526 

SPECTACLES  FOR  REPUBLICANS      8695 

SPENCERS,      8903 

SPIRIT  OF  SHAKESPEARE  (tHE)  APPEAR- 
ING TO  HIS  DETRACTORS      8883 

spy!!!  (a),  OR  THE  BLESSINGS  OF  A 
CONVENTION  BILL      8688 

spy's  taken  at  GREENWICH  ON 
EASTER  MONDAY      9303 

[stage  coach  PASSENGERS  ASLEEP] 
8970 

[stage  coach  passengers  PASSING 
WOOBURN  sands]      8971 

staggering-bobs,  a  TALE  FOR 
SCOTCHMEN,  —  OR — MUNCHAUSEN 
driving  his  CALVES  TO  MARKET 
8890 

STANDING-DISH  AT  BOODLES,  A      9563 

STANHOPE  (the)  A  REPUBLICAN  GUN- 
BOAT CONSTRUCTED  TO  SAIL  AGINST 
WIND  AND  TIDE      8640 

STATE  CATERPILLAR,  THE     8676 

STATE  OF  THE  WAR  (THE)— OR — 
MONKEY-RACE  IN  DANGER      9388 

STEALING  off; — OR — PRUDENT  SE- 
CESSION    9263,  *9263  A 

STEWARD      9485,  *9485  A 

STORM  RISING  (THE); — OR — THE  RE- 


PUBLICAN   FLOTILLA    IN    DANGER 
9167 

strangers  at  home,  the    9110 
[strangers  viewing  oxford]    8973 

STRATAGEM  (THE)  ALIAS  THE  FRENCH 
BUG-A-BO  OR  JOHN  BULL  TURN'd 
SCRUB     9337,  *9337A 

STRONG      SYMPTOMS      OF      LOYALTY 

9537 
STRONG    SYMPTOMS    OF    LOYALTY !! 

9538 

STURDY  BEGGARS — OR  SUPPORTED  BY 
VOLUNTARY  CONTRIBUTIONS     9033 

SUBSTITUTES  FOR  BREAD; — OR  — 
RIGHT  HONORABLES  SAVING  THE 
LOAVES  AND  DISCARDING  THE 
FISHES      8707 

SUDDEN  CALL  (a),  OR  ONE  OF  THE 
CORPORATION,  SUMMONED  FROM 
HIS   FAVORITE   AMUSEMENT      9472 

SUDDEN  EXPLOSION  (a).  OR  THE 
ASTONISHING  EFFECTS  OF  QUACK- 
ERY     9094 

SUFFOLK  RATS  PROTECTING  THEIR 
CHEESE  OR  THE  COUNTY  FENCIBLES 
CALLED  TO  ARMS      8597 

[supper  ROOM  AT  NEWBURY]      8952 

SUPPLEMENTARY  CAVALRY  AND  'IN- 
FANTRY     8977 

SUPPLEMENTARY-MILITIA,  TURNING- 
OUT  FOR  TWENTY-DAYS  AMUSE- 
MENT     8840 

SUPPLY  FOR  THE  ALLIES  BILLYS 
WONDERFUL  GOOSE  LAYING  GOLDEN 
EGGS      9400 

SUPPOSED  TO  BE  A  CORRECT  REPRE- 
SENTATION OF  A  MAMELUKE  CHIEF 
9272 

SURGEONS  PETITION  (THE),  OR  THE 
BARBERS  TRIUMPHANT      9092 

SURRENDER  OF  BREDA,  OR  PLENTY  OF 
BREECHES  FOR  THE  SANS  CULOTTES 
...      p.  19 

suwarrow  giving  the  french 
directory  a  taste  of  the 
knout!!    9393 

swearing  at  highgate  (2)    8923, 

8943 
SWEATING   SICKNESS  (THE);    OR,   THE 

IMAGINARY  MALADY      9504 
SYMPTOMS  OF  A  THAW      9451 
SYMPTOMS  OF  DIVINITY      9643 
SYMPTOMS  OF  CRIM  CON ! !      8925 


717 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


'SYMPTOMS      OF      DEEP-THINKING 

9559 
SYMPTOMS  OF  JOLTING      9133 
SYMPTOMS  OF  LEWDNESS,  OR  A  PEEP 

INTO  THE  BOXES      8521 
SYMPTOMS  OF  TIPPLING      9644 

TABLE  d'hote,  UN     8937 

table's  turn'd,  the    8992 

taking  physick    9584,  8584  a 

taking  pot  luck    9452 

talk  of  an  ostrich !  an  ostrich  is 
nothing  to  him;  johnny  bull 
will    swallow    any    thing !! 

8703 
TALLY !  HO !  RUM !      961 7 
TAP-ROOM  POLITICIANS      8773 
TEARS  OF  SENSIBILITY — SYMPATHY  A 

POEM  .  .  .      9227 
TETBURY  DUEL  (tHE)  OR  THE  BULLY 

BROUGHT  DOWN      8522 
TEWKSBURY  PORTRAITS      9127 
THE    NEAR    IN    BLOOD,    THE    NEARER 

BLOODY      8292 
THEATRICAL  CANDIDATE,  A      9086 
THEIR  NEW  majesties!      9032 
THEOLOGIE  A  LA  TURQUE  AND  A  PEEP 

OF  THE  COPTIC  MAYOR  OF  CAIRO  .  .  . 

♦9362 
THiOLOGIE  A  LA  TURQUE — THE  PALE 

OF     THE     CHURCH     OF     MAHOMET 

9359 
THEY    ARE    A    COMING    OR    DELIVER 

YOUR  MONEY      9158 
THINKING  CLUB,  A      8780 
THIRTY  YEARS  HAVE  I  LIVED  IN  THE 

PARISH   OF   COVENT   GARDEN    .    .    . 

9073 
THIS  DAY,  A  CHARITY  SERMON  WILL 

BE      PREACH'd     at     S^     STEPHENS 

CHAPEL    FOR    THE    POOR    CHARITY 

CHILDREN    OF    S^   JAMES'S    PARISH 

8661 
THIS  IS  THE  HOUSE  FOR  CASH  BUILT  !1 

9044 
THOUGHTS     ON    A     REGICIDE     PEACE 

882s 
THOUGHTS  ON  MATRIMONY      8611 
THREE  ORDERS   OF    S''   PETERSBURGH, 

THE      9526 
THROWING  OFF      9592 
TIME  HAS  NOT  THIN'D  MY  FLOWING 

hair! I    8763 


TIMES,  THE      8680 

TIMES  AS  THEY  WERE!  TIMES  AS  THEY 

are!    9552 
tit  bit  for  the  buggs,  a    8392 
tithe  pig    9681 

TITIANUS       REDIVIVUS  ;  —  OR  —  THE 
SEVEN  WISE  MEN  CONSULTING  THE 
NEW  VENETIAN  ORACLE      9085 
"tirailleur  FRANCAIS,   ET  CHEVAU 
LEGER  DE   L'ARMEE   DU   PACHA  DE 
RHODES" — EVOLUTIONS  OF  FRENCH 
MOUNTED  RIFLEMEN      9361 
TO  THE  RIGHT  ABOUT-FACE     8734 
[tomb  of  SIR  GEORGE  SAVILE]     9423 
TOO  MUCH  AND  TOO  LITTLE  OR  SUM- 
MER CLOATHING  FOR  1 556  &  1796 
8904 

trafficorum    9620 
transparencies    9458 
treason!!!    9188 

TREASURY  SPECTRE  (THE).  OR  THE 
HEAD  OF  THE  NATION  IN  A  QUEER 
SITUATION      9226,  *9226  A 

TREE  OF  CORRUPTION  (THE), — WITH 
JOHN  BULL  HARD  AT  WORK     8817 

TREE  OF  LIBERTY  (tHE)  MUST  BE 
PLANTED  IMMEDIATELY      8986 

TREE  OF  LIBERTY  (THE), — WITH,  THE 
DEVIL  TEMPTING  JOHN  BULL  9214, 
*92I4  A 

tr^orier,  le    9212 

tria  juncta  in  uno  or  a  minister- 
ial mode  of  paying  triple 
taxes!    9052 

TRIAL  FOR  A  RAPE  (a)  ! ! !      9347 
TRICKS  UPON  TRAVELLERS      8746 
TRIP  TO  THE  RACES,  A     8556 
TRIUMPH     OF     BACCHUS     (THE),     OR 
A    CONSULTATION    ON    THE    ADDI- 
TIONAL WINE  DUTY ! ! !      8799 
TRIUMPH  OF  HIPOCRISY,  THE      9671 
TRIUMPH  OF  SENTIMENT  (THE) — THE 
PROSPECT     OF     HAPPINESS — OR     A 
PICTURE  FOR  DOTARDS      9605 
TRIUMPHAL    ENTRY    OF    ALEXANDER 
THE   GREAT  INTO   BABYLON  AFTER 
THE  CONQUEST  OF  PERSIA      8652 
TRIUMPHS  OF  temper!!      8927 
TRUANT  SCHOOL-BOYS  RETURNING  TO 

THEIR  DUTY ! !      904O 
TRUE  BLUE      9497 
TRUE  BRITISH-TAR,  A      8653 
TRYING  ON  A  TURN'd  COAT ! !      9409 

718 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


TUNBRIDGE  LOVE  LETTER,  THE      8593 
TURN-COATS  AND  CUT-THROATS    8820 
TWELFTH  NIGHT      8577 
TWIN  STARS  (the),  CASTOR  &  POLLUX 

9379 
two    heads    before    and    after 

ordination    91 16 
"two  pair  of  portraits"    9270, 

*927o  A,  9270  B 

TWO-PENNY  WHIST      8885 

TWO   TO   ONE,   OR,   AN  ATTEMPT  TO 

OUTWIT  THE  YOUNG  PAWNBROKER 

8326 


UNFORTUNATE  MARIE  ANTOINETTE 
(the)  ...  at  THE  PLACE  OF  EXECU- 
TION .  .  .      8354 

[unidentified   military   officer] 

9568 

UNION  BETWEEN  ENGLAND  &  IRELAND 
9462 

UNION  BETWEEN  ENGLAND  &  IRE- 
LAND ! !     9462  A 

UNION  COACH,  THE  (2)  9394, 
•9394  A,  9395 

UNION  OLIO,  THE     9346 

UNITED  IRISHMEN  IN  TRAINING   9229 

UNITED  IRISHMEN  UPON  DUTY  9228, 
•9228  A 

UNWELCOME  VISIT,  AN      8503 


VELUTI  IN  SPECULUM     9675 

*VENT    CONTRAIRE     .    OU    VAILLANS 

EFFORTS    DU    BEAU    SEXE    ANGLAIS 

POUR      EMP^CHER      LA      DESCENTE 

9165 
VENUS  ATTIRED  BY  THE  GRACES    9587, 

9587  A 
VESTAL  OF  — 93  (a),  TRYING  ON  THE 

CESTUS  OF  VENUS      8389 
VESTRY  DINNER,  A      8770 
vicar's  VISIT  RETURNED  (THE)  !      9481 
VICTIM  OF  EQUALITY,  THE      8298 
VICTORIOUS  PROCESSION  TO  S''  PAUL'S. 

OR     billy's     GRAND     TRIUMPHAL 

ENTRY      9046 
[view  at  the  OLD  HATS]      8935 
VIEW  IN  PERSPECTIVE      8300 
[view    OF    A    SKITTLE    GROUND    AT 

hampstead]    8933 
view  of  norfolk,  a    8866 


[view  of  THE  TEA  GARDENS  AT  BAYS- 

water]    8934 
viewing   the   transit   of   venus 

8410 
VIEWS  OF  LONDON      9317-20 
VIL  YOU  GIVE  US  A  GLASS  OF  GIN  .  .  . 

8396 
VILLAGE   CAVALRY   PRACTISING   IN   A 

FARM-YARD      8504 
VIRGIN  SHAPE  WAREHOUSE,  THE    9456 
VIRGINIA      9619 
[virtuoso  AND  A  FLY]      8968 
VISION  OF  THE  THREE  CATS  (THE),  A 

FABLE      9551 
VISIT  FROM  THE  FOUNDER,  A      9089 
VISIT  TO  THE  IRISH  PIG!!  WITH  RE- 
FLECTIONS    PHYSICAL     &     MORAL 

9339 
VISITOR  TO  JOHN  BULL  FOR  THE  YEAR 
1799  (a),  or.  the  ASSESS'd  TAXES 
TAKING  THEIR  leave!!     9280 

voluntary  subscriptions    9157 
voluntary  victim  to  patriotism 
(a)!!    9126 

waggoners  frocks  or  no  bodys  of 

1795      8757 

waltzer  au  mouchoir    9583 

washing  day    9626 

washing  the  blackamoor    8667 

WASHING  trotters      9610 
watchman,  THE      8559 
WATCHMAN  OF  THE  STATE,  THE      9024 
WE  SERVE  A  KING  WHOM  WE  LOVE — 

A  GOD  WHOM  WE  ADORE      9436 
WAYS    &    MEANS    OR    VOX    POPULllI 

9514 
WEATHER  COCK  OF  ST  STEPHENS,  THE 

8637 
WEDDING  NIGHT,  THE      9015 
week's  AMUSEMENT  FOR  JOHN  BULL, 

A      9366 
WELCH  JUSTICE,  A      965 1 
well!  I  can't  HELP  IT     8918 
WESTMINSTER   ELECTION,    1 796,    THE 

8815,  8815  A 
WESTMINSTER     MOUNTEBANK     (THE) 

OR  PALACE  YARD  PRANKS      8690 
WESTMINSTER  WATCHMAN  GUARDING 

THE      people's      property,      THE 

9687 
WET  PARTY  (the)   OR  THE  BOGS  OF 

FLANDERS      835 1 


719 


INDEX  OF  TITLES 


WEY-MOUTH      9019  A 
WHAT  A  CUR  'tis  !      8656 
WHAT  d'ye  STARE  AT  ?      8917 
WHAT  d'ye  think  OF  ME  ?      9103 
WHAT    THE    DEVIL    DO    YOU    WANT? 

8561 
WHICH  WAY  SHALL  I  TURN  ME    HOW 

SHALL  I  DECIDE      83 17 
WHIMS  OF  THE  MOMENT  OR  THE  BED- 
FORD level!!    8762 
whitbread's  INTIRE    8638 

WHITHER  MY  LOVE ! — ^AH ! — ^WHITHER 
ART  THOU  GONE      93 1 1 

WHITSUNDAY  DUELISTS      923 1 

WHO  CARES  FOR  YOU!      8418 

who's  AFRAID  OR  THE  EFFECTS  OF  AN 
INVASION ! !      8838 

WIGS  ALL  THE  RAGE,  OR  A  DEBATE  ON 
THE  BALDNESS  OF  THE  TIMES      9325 

WILL  OF  LOUIS  THE  SIXTEENTH  .  .  . 
8309 

WILL  O'  THE  WISP  (a),  OR  JOHN 
BULL  IN  A  bog!      8792 

WILLIAM  THE  CONQUEROR'S  TRIUM- 
PHAL ENTRY!!!      8843 


WINE        DUTY        (the),  —  OR  —  THE 

TRIUMPH   OF  BACCHUS   &  SILENUS 

...      8798 
WINTER      9664 
WINTER  QUARTERS      8355 
WITHER  MY  LOVE,  ...      93 1 1  A 
WONDERFUL    EXHIBITION!!!    SIGNIOR 

GULIELMO  PITTACHIO      8500 
WONDERFUL     STRONG     MAN    (THE)!! 

9038 
WORN    OUT    PATRIOT    (THE); — OR — 

THE   LAST   DYING   SPEECH   OF   THE 

WESTMINSTER  REPRESENTATIVE  .  .  . 

9548,  *9S48  A 
WORTHY  ALDERMAN  AND  HIS  FRIENDS 

CANVASING  .  .  .      8626 

YAE OUGH,  CAVE  AMICE  ...     9652 

YOUNG  GENTLEMEN  IN  THE  DRESS  OF 

THE  YEAR  1 798      93 12 
YOUNG  LADIES      8749 
YOUTH  AND  AGE     8414 

ZENITH  OF  FRENCH   GLORY  (THE); — 
THE  PINNACLE  OF  LIBERTY     8300 


720 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 

This  small  subject-index  is  supplementary  to  the  Index  of  Persons  and  to 
cross-references  in  the  text.  Political  events  are  not  indicated;  they  will  be 
found  under  the  appropriate  date  and  from  the  cross-references  there  given. 
An  asterisk  denotes  a  foreign  print. 


ABYSSINIA   1799 :  9352,  9403 

ACADEMY,   THE   ROYAL     1794:   8519, 

8528.    1795:8704.    1797:9085 
ACROSTIC    1794:8519 

ADVERTISEMENTS  1793:8375.  1794: 
8548,  8549.  1795:  8729.  1797: 
9085 

AGRICULTURE     1798:    927 1,  927 1  A*. 

1800 :  9552 

ALGIERS    1794:8461 

AMERICA    1793:  8352.    1794:  8461. 

1797:  9002.     1798:  9170,  9224, 

9227,  9286.'    1799:  9343.    1800: 

9548,  9548  A*,  9549 
AMSTERDAM  1793:8321,8345.  1794: 

8477.     1795:  8613,  8631.     1799: 

9483,  9483  A* 
Anti-Jacobin,  illustrations  to   1797 : 

9045.    1798:  9184,  9240.    1799: 

9386 
Anti-Jacobin     Review,     plates     to 

1798:    9240,    9243,    9245,    9246, 

9261,    9270.     1799:    9345,   9350, 

9370,  9371,  9417 

ANTIQUARIANS     1796:   8972. 

9296 
ANTWERP  1793 :  8322 
ARCHERY   1794 :  8547 

ART  AND  ARTISTS    1793:8334. 

8519,  8528,  8589.  1795; 
1796:  8840,  8884,  8888. 
9085,9107.  1798:  9321, 
1799:  9442,  9445.  1800 
9567,  9569,  9S7I,  9572,  9639.  See 

ACADEMY,   ANTIQUARIANS,  CAMEO, 

travesty  of,  connoisseurs,  pic- 
tures, travesties  of 
ASSiGNATS  1793:8288,8345.  1794: 
8425,  8458.  1795:  8624,  8627. 
1796:8849*.  1797:8994.  1798: 
9156.  1799:9349 

association  for  PRESERVING  LIBERTY 
AND  PROPERTY,  See  CROWN  AND 
ANCHOR  SOCIETY 


1798: 


1794: 

8636. 
1797: 

9333- 
9513, 


*  Date  uncertain. 


AUSTRIA  AND  AUSTRIANS  1793  :  8290, 

8363*.  1794:  8421,  8472,  8477, 
8483,  8494,  8496.  1795:  8674*.=^ 
1796:  8791,  8821,  8825,  8835. 
1797:  9005,  9057*,  9058*.^ 
1798:  9164*,  9224,  9273,  9278, 
9285.  1799:  9338,  9342,  9349, 
9388,  9389,  9403,  9412.  1800: 
9522, 9544, 9S44A*,  9554*,'  9555*  ' 
See  CHARLES,  Archduke,  FRAN- 
CIS II 

BALLOONS    1795:8692.    1798:9172, 

9176,9220*.  1799:9352 
BANGOR  1796:8881,8882 
BANK  OF  ENGLAND    1794:8426,8529. 

1795:  8614.    1796:  8826.    1797: 

8990, 8995,  9016,  9017,  9046,  9083. 

1799:9369.    1800:9549 

BANK  NOTES  (imitation)    1794 :  8564 

BARBERS     1793:    8338,    8402,    8403. 

1794:  8553.     1795:  8650,  8696. 

1796 :  8925.   1797 :  9022,  9022  a*, 

9092,   9093,   9115.     1798:   9193. 

1799 :  9483,  9483  A*.    1800 :  9621, 

9636 

BARRACKS    1796:  8805.    1798:9286^ 

BATH     1793:    8372.     1795:    8737. 

1796:    8873,   8895,    8954.    8955, 

8956.     1797:9088.     1798:9226, 

9226  A*,     9321    (twelve  plates). 

1799 :  9373,  9382,  9383,  9384,  9385 

BATH,  Kjiights  of  the   1795 :  8718 

BELGIUM,  see  FLANDERS 

BERLIN     1794:8477,8479,8674* 

BILLIARDS  1799 :  9488.  1800 :  9604 
BISHOPS  1793:  8300.  1794:  8426, 
8442,  8448,  8468.  1796:  8793, 
8881,  8882,  8893,  8954.  1798: 
9157,  9240,  9286,'  9297,  9298, 
9299,    9300,   9301,   9302,    9303. 

See  BARRINGTON,  GRINDLEY, 
HORSLEY,     MOORE,    WATSON 

BOATS,  rowing,  sailing,  &c.    1793: 
*  1794- 


721 


3A 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 


8320,  8400,  8401.  1795:  8748. 
1796:8949.  1797:9107.  1798: 
9165*.  1799:  9464,  9488.  Ad- 
denda (1800):  9690 

BOATS,  ETC.,   PROPELLED    BY   STEAM 

1795 :  8640 

BOOKSELLERS,        PUBLISHERS,        AND 

BOOKSHOPS  1793:  8370,  8371, 
8375.  1794:  8529,  8530,  8544, 
8545.  1795:  8729.  1797:  9063, 
9087.  1798:9186 

BOTANY  BAY  1794:  8573.  1798: 
9180,  9249 

BOW  STREET,  magistrates  and  officers 
of  1797 :  9062.  1798 :  9160,  9186. 

See  TOWNSEND 

BOWLS   1796 :  8932 

BRAZIL    1794:8674* 
BREDA    1793:8322 

BREST  1793:  8352,  8353.  1795: 
8631.    1797:  8995-    1798:   9167, 

9254 
BRIGHTON   1794 :  8432,  8485.   1795 : 

8679,8775.  1796:8824 
BRISTOL  1796 :  8957 
BRITANNIA  1793:8287.   1795: 8651, 

8656,    8681.     1796:    8814,    8825. 

1797:  9002,  9021.    1798:  9218, 

9284.    1800:  9513 
BRUSSELS  1793:8322.  1794:8674* 
BUTTERFLIES     1795:    8718.     1796: 
1797 :  9107.    1798 :  9326 


CAIRO  1798 :  9274,  9278.  1799 :  9355, 
9358,  9362,  p.  576.    1800 :  9534 

CALAIS  1796:  8838,  8845.  1798: 
9164* 

CAMEO  (antique)  travesty  of  1797 : 
9076 

CANALS  AND  CANAL-MANIA  1794: 
8523.    1797:9131,9135 

CAPE  OF  GOOD  HOPE    1797:  9031, 

9034 

CARD-PLAYING  1794:  8584.  1795: 
8660.  1796:  8816,  8885,  8899, 
8922.  1797:  9144.  1798:  9321. 
1799:  9373,  9382.    See  playing 

CARDS 
CARRON  IRON  WORKS    1797  :  9053 

CEYLON  1797:  9031,  9034 
CHARLEROI   1793:8337 


CHELMSFORD    1794:  8467' 

CHESS-PLAYING    Addenda    (1800): 

9690 
CHILDREN  1793:  8328,  8333.    1794 : 

8552.    1796:    8779,  8781,    8785, 

8897,    8901.     1797:  9009,  9011. 

1799:    9498.     See  schools 
CHINA   1797 :  9034.    1799  :  9403 
CHIROPODY  1793:8409.  1800:9585 
CHOUANS  see  La  Vendee 

CHRISTMAS    1794:8587.    1800:9661 

CHURCHES  AND  CATHEDRALS,  inte- 
riors of  1793 :  8350.  1797 :  9089, 
9143.    1800:  9527.9533 

CLERGY    AND     CHURCH     OF     FRANCE 

1793:  8300,  8334,  8350.     1794: 
8428,  8475 .  1 795 :  8645 ,  8702 

CLERGY  OF  SCOTLAND  1793:  8357. 

1799:9435 

CLERGY,  nonconformist  and  irregular 
1793:  8379.  1794:  8543.  1795: 
8617,  8624,  8741.  1796:  8780, 
8838.  1797:  9122.  1800:  9647- 
Addenda  (1787):  9671 

clerical:  the  church  and  clergj' 
1793:  8323,  8419,  8420.  1794: 
8428,  8523,  8524.  1795:  8605, 
8635,  8750.  1796:  8780,  8913, 
8925, 8959. 1797 :  9090, 9096, 9115, 
9116,  9117,  9121,  9125,  9138,  9142, 
9143,  9i44»  9154,  9155-  1798: 
9335.  1799:  9471,  9480,  9481, 
9489.  1800:  9592,  9593,  9594, 
9595,  9606,  9636,  9641,  9643, 
9647,  9648.  Addenda  (1787): 
9671.    (1790):  9681.    See  tithes, 

UNIVERSITY 

CLUBS  1793:  8303,  8416.  1796: 
8781,    8838.     1797:    8984.     See 

LONDON,       boodle's,       BROOKS's, 

white's;  whig  club 
cockney    pronunciation     1794 : 
8544.  1796:  8780.    1797:  91 11 

COMMERCE    1793:8334.    1794:8463, 

8517*.    1795: 8600.    1796:8851*. 

1797:  9030,  9047.    1798:  9284 
CONNOISSEURS    1795:    8725.  1797: 

9085.   1799:  9463 
CONSTABLES     1794:    8554.     1796: 

8840,   8910.     1797:   903s,   9042, 

9051,  9062.  1800 :  9527.  See  bow 

STREET 


*  Date  tincertain. 


722 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 


CONSTANTINOPLE      1798:   9278 

CONSTITUTION,  the  British  1793: 
8284,  8287,  8288,  8289,  8296, 
8304,  8317.  8320,  8364*.  1794: 
8424,8443.  1795:8622,8626,8644, 
8672,8685,8699,8700.  1796 :880s, 
8834,  8842.  1797:  9002,  9024, 
9039,  9054,  9102.  1798 :  9162, 
9214,  9214  A* 

COOKS  AND  COOKING      1794  :    8587. 

1797:  9041,  9102.  1800:  9565, 
9616 
CORSICA  1794:  8489,  8496,  8516. 
1795:  8599,  8614,  8626.  1797: 
9095.  1798:  9157,  9231.  1799: 
9349.    1800:9534 

COSMETICS    1793:8372.    1794:8549, 

8586.  1800:  9616,  9621 
COSTUME  1793:  8387,  8388,  8389, 
8390,  8391.  1794:  8521,  8566, 
8567,  8568,  8569,  8570,  8571,  8572, 
8576, 8582.  1795 :  8628, 8629, 8719, 
8722,  8723, 8754,  8755,  8756,  8757, 
8758,  8759,  8760,  8761,  8763,  8765. 
1796 : 8891, 8895, 8896, 8897, 8898, 
8899,  8900,  8901,  8902,  8903, 
8904,  8905,  8926.  1797:  8988, 
9088,  9100,  9112.  1798:  9196, 
9197, 9198,  9199,  9200,  9201, 9208, 
9209,  9210,  9211,  9212,  9213,  9310, 
9312,  9313,  9325,  9328.  1799: 
9410,  9425,  9440,  9441,  9454,  9455, 
p.  588,  9456,  9457,  9458.  1800: 
9557,  9577,  9582,  9587,  9608,  9609, 
9612, 9613, 9625.  Addenda  (1789): 
9678.    (1790):  9680 

COUNTRYFOLK  AND  FARMERS     1793: 

8301,  8411.  1794:  8576,  8583, 
8588.  1795:  8609,  8616,  8648, 
8695,  8763,  8778.  1796:  8908, 
8936,8944,8953,8966. 1797:  9041, 
9114, 9123, 9124, 9129,  9149.  1798 : 
9182,  9226,  9226  A*,  9295,  9304, 
9316,  9318,  9332.  1799:  9470, 
9471,  9473,  9482,  9483,  9483  A*, 
9484,  9484  A*,  9485,  9485  A*,  9486, 
9486  A*,  9487,  9488,  9501.  1800: 
9661.  Addenda  (1181):  ^72.  See 

AGRICULTURE 

COURTESANS  1793 :  8329,  8406,  8418. 
1794 :  8551, 8562, 8573, 8585, 8586. 
1795:  8634,  8673,  8744,  8762. 
1797:  9090,  9106.    1798:  9303, 


9309.  1799:  9341,  9460,  9469, 
9478,  9495.  1800:  9578,  9579, 
9608, 9643.  Addenda  (1700):  9680 
CRiM.  CON.,  suits  of  1793:  8385. 
1796:  8925,  8928.  1798:  9305. 
1799 :  9404,  9404  A* 

CROWN  AND  ANCHOR  SOCIETY    1793: 

8316,  8318.  1794:  8424.  1795: 
8609,  8699 

CROWN  AND  ANCHOR  TAVERN    1793  : 

8315,8316,8330,8331,8332.  1795: 

8699.  1798:9177,9204 
CUSTOMS  AND  EXCISE,  Collectors  of 

1793:  8395, 8395  A 

DANCING  1793:  8334.  1794:  8548. 
1795:  8737.  1796:  8891,  8892, 
8893,  8894.  1797:  9152,  9153. 
1798: 9297, 9298,9299, 9300,9301, 
9308,9321.  1799:  9364,  9364  A* 
1800:  9581,9583,9636.  Addenda 
(1792):  9686 
DEATH  1799 :  9472.  1800 :  9614 
DEBT,  arrest  or  imprisonment  for 
1794:  8551,  8552,  8562.  1795: 
8711.  1796:  8780.  1800:  9648. 
Addenda  (1792):  9685 

DEMOCRACY  AND  DEMOCRATS     1793: 

8291,8293,8310,8320,8334.  1795: 

8700.  1796:  8834.  1797:  9055. 
1798:  9174,  9178,  9214,  9263, 
9263  A*,    9271,    9271  A*.     1799: 

9345,  9349,  9369,  9374,  9438. 
1800:9534,9649 

DENMARK    1797  :  9046 

DENTISTS  1796 :  8909.   1797 :  9081 
DERBY     1704:    8424.     1797:    9151, 
9152, 9153 

DIEPPE    1795:8648 

DOVER    1796:    8838,   8845.     1798: 
9164*,  9220*,  9224 

DRINKING    TO    EXCESS      1795:    861O, 

8651,  8683.  1796:  8798,  8799, 
8910,  8913.  1797:  8983.  1799: 
9381, 9383, 9384, 9385, 9471-  1800 : 
9614,  9643,  9644,  9645,  9648 

DRIVING,      CARRIAGES      AND      CARTS 

1794:  8460,  8556.  1795:  8681, 
8729.  1796 :  8828, 8830, 8840,  8935, 
8940,  8946,  8950,  8951,  8970,  8971. 
1797:  9000,  9008,  9035,  9111, 
9113,  9133,  9134,  9150-  1798: 
9234,  9304, 9317,  9318,  9319, 9320. 


723 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 


1799 :  9389,  9394,  9394  A*,  9395, 
941 1,  9466,  9488,  9497.  Addenda 
(1800)  :  9689.  See  travel 
DUBLIN  1794:  8466,  8564.  1795: 
8632,  8713.  1799:  9346.  1800: 
9507.    Addenda  (1800) :  9688 

DUELS   AND   DUELLING     1794:   8522. 

1798 :  9218,  9219,  9219  A*,  9223, 
9231 

DULWICH  COLLEGE    1797  :  9089 

DUNKIRK  1793:  8351.  1797:  9046. 
1798:  9157,  9231 

EATING  AND  DRINKING  1793 :  8288, 
8289,  8293,  8303,  8318,  8323,  8327, 
8328,8412,8415,8416.  1794:8428, 
8525,  8533,  8536,  8537,  8538,  8569, 

8570,  8581,  8596.  1795:  8609, 
8707,8770.  1796:  8856,  8937, 
8944,  8952.  1797:  8984,  9023, 
9037, 9067,  9068,  9104, 9105,  91 10, 
9141, 9144, 9148.  1798 :  9168, 9171, 
9257,  9257  A*,  9259,  9321,  9323, 
9327,  9330.  1799:  9377,  9429, 
9449,  9452,  9468,  9472.  1800: 
9598,  9598  A*,  9601,  9603,9614, 
9622 

EDINBURGH  1794:8424.  1794:8527. 
1795:  8731,  8734.  1796:  8906. 
1798 :  9172. 

EDINBURGH,  University  of  1793 :  8369 

EDINBURGH,  Volunteers  of  1794: 
8513.  1795:8734 

EGYPT    1798:  9241,  9248,  9248  A*, 

9250,  9250  A*,    9251,    9252,  9253, 

9255.  9256,    9257,    9257  A*,  9259, 

9260,  9262,    9263,    9263  A*,  9264, 

9268,  9269,     9272,     9274,  9278. 

1799  : 9336, 9349, 9352, 9355, 9356, 
9356  A*,  9357,  9358,  9359,  9360, 
9361,  9362*,  9366,  9371,  9388, 
9403,  P-  576,  9431-  1800:  9523, 
9534,  9550-  See  CAIRO 
ELECTIONS  1796:  8805,  8819 
ELECTIONS,    •  Durham.       Addenda 

(1784) :  9666 
ELECTIONS,  Inverkeithing  Boroughs 

1796:8820 
ELEcnoNS,  Southwark  1797  :  9045 
ELECTIONS,  Westminster  1796 :  8813, 
8814,    8815,   8817.     1800:    9508, 
9508  A* 

*  Date  uncertain. 


ESSEX   1794:8459,8467^ 

EUROPE,  powers  of  1793:  8290. 
1794 :  8477.  1795 :  8658,  8674*.^ 
1796:  8821,  8865*.  1797:  9031, 
9046,  9058*.'  1798:  9224,  9227, 
9263,  9263  A*,  9273,  9278,  9285. 
1799:  9338,  9349,  9364,  9364*, 
9366,  9388,  9412.  1800:  9522, 
9544,  9544  A* 

EXETER    1794:8424 

EXPLORATION   1796 :  8823 

FENCIBLES,  See  VOLUNTEERS 

FINANCE,  National  Debt  Loans 
1793:  8325,  8326.  1794:  8434, 
8477,  8488,  8494,  8496.  1795: 
8660,  8664,  8672,  8687.  1796: 
8805,  8808,  8821,  8836,  8842,  8843, 
8849*,  8850*.  1797:8980,8981, 
8981  A*,  8990,  8994,  8995,  8998, 
9002, 9016,  9025, 9030,  9033,9038, 
9044,  9046,  9126.  1798:  9157, 
9158,  9190,  9212,  9286.'  1800: 
9551.   See  TAXES 

FISHING    1796:8939.    1799:9488 
FLANDERS     1793:    8321,    8322,    8324, 

8327, 8337, 8345, 8351, 8355, 8382, 

8383,  8384.  1794:  8477,  8479, 
8493,  8496.  1795,  8609,  8674*.^ 
1796:  8789,  8790,  8791,  8825, 
884s*.  1799:9349 

FOOD,  see  COOKS,  eating  and  DRINK- 
ING 

FOOD,  Price  of  1795:  8665,  8665  A* 
(and  cross-references).  1800 :  9545, 
9545  A*  (and  cross-references) 

FORTUNE-TELLING   1794 :  8579.  See 

WIZARDS 
FRANCE  AND  THE  FRENCH  1793: 
8284,  8285,  8286,  8287,  8288,  8289, 
8290,  8291,  8292,  8293,  8296,  8297, 
8298,  8299,  8300,  8301, 8302,  8304, 
8305,  8306,  8307,  8308,  8309,  8310, 
8311,  8312,  p.  17,  8313,  8314*,  p.19, 
8317,  8318,  8319,  8320,  8321,  8322, 
8324,  P-  25,  7853  (p.  26),  8334, 
8335,  8336,  8337*,  8340,  8343, 
8344,  8345,  8346,  8350,  8351, 
8352,  8353,  8354,  8356,  8363*, 

8365,  8368.'  1794:  8424,  8425, 
8426,  8430,  8431,  8432,  8434,8435, 
8436,  8437,  8439,  8440, 8442,  8443, 

*  1794- 


724 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 


8444,  8446,  8448,  8449,  8450,  8451 
8452,  8453,  8454,  8455,  8456,  8457 
8458,  8459,  8460,  8461,  8462* 
8464*, 8469, 8470, 8471,  8472,  8473 
8474,  8475,  8477,  8479,  8483,  8488 
8489,  8490, 8493, 8496, 8514, 8517* 
8518*.  1795:8599,8600,8601,8608 
8609,  8612,  8613,  8614,  8617,  8624 
8626,  8630,  8631,8637,8638,  8639 
8640,  8642,  8644,  8645,  8648,  8656 
8658,  8669,  8674*,'  867s*,  8676 
8678,8683,8695,8702,8706.  1796 
8792,  8821,  8825,  8826,  8828,  8829 
8830,  8831,  8832, 8833,*  8834, 8836 

8837, 8837  A*,  8837  B*,  8838,  8845* 

8846*,  8847*,  8848*,  8849*,  8850* 
8857*,  8858*,  8859*,  8860,  8864* 
8865*.  1797:8979,8987,8990,8992 

8995. 8997?  90oo>  9005,9020, 9031 
9034,  9039,  9046,  9057*,^  9058*.' 
1798:  9156,  9157,  9160,  9164* 
9165*,  9166,  9167,  9172,  9176 
9180,  9181,  9182,  9183,  9185,  9187 
9189,  9189  A*,  9194,  9195,  9196 
9197,  9198,  9199,  9200,  9201 
9205,  9206,  9207, 9208,  9209, 9210 
9211,  9212,  9213,  9217,  9217  A* 
9220*,  9224,  9227,  9229,  9231 
9232,  9232  A*,  9240,  9241,  9245 

9245  A*,  p.  478*,  9248,  9248  A* 
9249,  9250,  9250  A*,  9251,  9252 
92S3>  9254,  9255,  9257,  9257  A* 
9258,  9259,  9260,  9262,  9263 
9263  A*,  9264,  9268,  9270,  9270  A* 
9271,  9271  A*,  9272,  9273,  9274 
9278,     9285,     9286,     9291,     9293 

1799:  9336,  9337,  9337  A*,  9342 
9345,  9349,  935°,  935©  A*,  9352 
9355,  9356,  9356  A*,   9357,  9358 
9359,  9360, 9361,  9362,  9369,  9370 
9371,  9387,  9388,  9389,  9392,  9393 
9400,  9403,  9405,  9408,  9410,  9412 
9413,  9416,  9418,  9419,  9420,  9422 
p.    574,   9425,   9426,   9427,   9428 
P-  576,  9431,  9433-    1800:  9509 
9512,  9513,  9522,  9523,  9534,  9544 
9544  A*,    9548,    9548  A*,    9554*,^ 
9556*.^      See    ASSIGNATS,    CLERGY 
AND  CHURCH  OF  FRANCE,  GUILLO- 
TINE 

FRENCH  (social)    1793 :  8387.    1794 : 
8540.     1795:   8650,   8706,   8723. 
*  1794. 


1796:    8891,    8892,    8893,  8894, 

8906,   8937.    1797:  9081.  1799: 

9457.  Addenda  (1789):  9679. 
(1792)  9686 

GAMING  AND  GAMESTERS    1793:8291, 

8330,  8331.  1794:  8552,  8562. 
1795:  8610.  1796:  8826,  8838, 
8876,8877,8878,8879,8880.  1797: 
8981,  8981  A*,  9078,  9079,  9080, 
9082,  9105.  1800:  9619.  Ad- 
denda (1787):  9672.  See  card- 
playing,  LOTTERIES 
gardeners  and  gardening  1794: 
8542.  1796:  8814.  1797:  9107, 
9117.   1798 :  9326.   1799 :  9479 

GERMANY      AND     GERMANS        1793: 

8290.  1794:  8433,  8531.  1795: 
8611.  1796:  8789,  8809,  8827. 
1797:  9005,  9006,  9007,  9008, 
9014,  9015.  1798:  9195,  9291. 
1799:   9338,  9349,   94i8.     1800: 

9510.    See  AUSTRIA,  BERLIN,  HAM- 
BURG, HANOVER,  PRUSSIA 
GERTRUYDENBERG    1793  :  8322 
GHOSTS     AND     APPARITIONS       1796: 

8844,  8914,  8915.  1797:  9089, 
9123,  9124,  9184,  9244.  1798: 
9279.  1799:  9336,  9381,  9383, 
9384, 9385,  9453,  9470,  9471, 9503- 
See  WIZARDS 

GIBRALTAR    1797:9034 

GREECE  1798 :  9278 

GREENWICH  HILL    1798  :  9303,  9329 

GUILLOTINE  1793 :  8293,  8297,  8298, 
8300, 8302, 8304, 8306, 8307, 8308, 
8319, 8336, 8340, 8343, 8344, 8350, 

8354,  8365.  1794:  8431,  8432, 
8435,8436,8443,8490,8491.  1795: 
8624,  8630,  8660.  1796:  8826, 
8834.  1797:  9055.  1798:  9156, 
9160,  9167,  9172,  9176,  9181, 
9189,  9189*,  9193.  9201,  9217, 
9217  A*,  9260.  1799 :  9349,  9352, 
9403,  9413,  p.  574.   1800 :  9509 

HAMBURG  1798 :  9245.  1799 :  9366, 
9370 

HANOVER     1793:8345.     1794:8488. 

1795 :  8644,  8691 
HAMPSTEAD  1796:8933 
HARLEQUIN  1794:8556 

*  Date  uncertain. 


725 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 


HAWKERS,  PEDLARS,  STREET-SELLERS, 
ETC.  1793:8370,8371,8396,8402, 
8408,  8414.  1794:  8574.  1795: 
8627,8735,8746.  1796: 8852*,  8871, 
8872, 8932.  1797: 904s,  9063, 9149. 
1798:  9319,  9320.  1799:  9404, 
9404  A*,  9474,  9475,  9476,  9477, 
9478,  9479,  9480,  9489.  1800: 
9620,  9642 

HERALDRY,  burlesque  1796 :  8969. 
1797:9080.    1798:9193,9283 

HiGHGATE  1793 :  8405.  1796 :  8923, 
8943 

HOLLAND  AND  THE  DUTCH  1793: 
8290,  8299, 8313,  8314,  p.  19, 8321, 
8322,8345.    1794:8461,8477,8478, 

8479, 8493, 8494, 8496, 8529.  1795 : 
8608,  8609,  8613,  8623,  8630,  8631, 
8633,  8642,  8658,  8674*,!  8676. 
1 796 :  8821 ,  8822, 8825 ,  883 1 ,  8846*, 
8847*,  8848*,  8849*,  8850*, 8851*, 
8852*,  8853*,  8854*,  8855*,  8856*, 
8857*,  8858*,  8859*,  8860*,  8861*, 
8862*,  8863*,  8864*,  8865*,  8906. 
1797:  9031,  9034,  9046,  9065. 
1798:  9164*,  9224,  9227,  9245, 
9245  A*,  9257,  9257  A*,  9260,  9264, 
9273.  1799:  9349,  9412,  9413, 
9414,9419,  9420, 9421,  p.  574.  See 

AMSTERDAM 
HUNTING     1794:8581.     1796:8960. 

1800:  9573,  9588,  9589,  9590, 
9591,  9592,  9593,  9594,  9595,  9617 

INDIA    AND    EAST    INDIA    COMPANY 

1794:  8426.  1795:  8599,  8614, 
8647.  1796:  8825,  8843.  1797: 
8989,  8993,  9034,  9066.  1799: 
9366,9416.  1800:9516.  Addenda 
(1784):  9666 

INDUSTRY    1793:8334.     1794:8428, 

8523 

INFANTS.      See  CHILDREN 
IRELAND  AND  THE  IRISH    1793  :  8358, 
8385,8399.    1794:8466,8551,8562. 

1795 :  8632,  8644,  8676, 8713,  8747, 
8748,  8751  A.  1797:  8979,  9034, 
9046,  9106,  9109.  1798:  9182, 
9183,  9184,  9186,  9189,  9205,  9206, 
9227,  9228,  9228  A*,  9229,  p.  460, 
9231,  9234,  9235,  9236,  9240,  9242, 

9244,  9245,  924s  A*,  p.  478,  9248, 

'  1794. 


9248  A*,  9249,  9252,  9254,  9259, 
9262,  9263,  9263  A*,  9265,  9284. 

1799:  9339,  9340,  9340  A*,  9343, 
9344,  9344  A*,  9346,  9347,  9348, 
9348  A*,  9350,  9350  A*,  9351, 
9363,  9363  A*,  9364, 9364  A*,  9365, 
9366,  9368,  9369,  9370,  9372,  9394, 
9394  A*,  9395,  9403,  9424,  9462. 
1800 :  9507, 9511,9514, 9515, 9517, 

9529,  9530,  9531,  9532,  9535,  9543, 
9543  A*,  9635.  Addenda  (1784) : 
9666.  (1800):  9688.  5eeo'coiGLY, 

O'CONNOR,    DUBLIN 

ITALIANS  Addenda:  9670(1785) 

ITALY     1793:    8290.     1794:   8461, 

1797:  9005,  9046.    1798:  9336, 

9349,    9403,    1799:    9408,    9412. 

1800 :  9544,  9544  A*.   See  NAPLES, 

ROME,  SARDINIA,  VENICE 
JEWS     1793:8291,8325,8326,8331. 

1794 :  8529, 8536, 8552, 8574, 8592. 
1795 : 8624,  8626,  8627,  8654,  8673, 
8746,  8776.  1796:  8830,  8849*, 
8857*,  8954-  1797:8995.  1798: 
9319.  1800:  9546,  9549,  9562, 
9620. 

JOHN  BULL  AS  ASS  1794:8500.  1797: 
9052 

JOHN  BULL  AS  BOY  CJhonny')  1796: 
8812 

JOHN    BULL    AS    BULL      1794:    8443, 

8477,  8496.  1795:  8617,  8691. 
1796:8783.    1797:9046.    1799: 

9348,  9348  A* 
JOHN  BULL  AS  DOG    1795 :  8686,  8708 
JOHN  BULL  AS  GEORGE  III   1 793  :  8346. 

1794:8488 
JOHN  BULL  AS  GOOSE    1 799  :  940O 
JOHN    BULL    AS    MAN      1793:    8289, 

8290,1      8296,'    8299,    8328,    8333. 

1794:  8487,  8490.  1795:  8620, 
8620 A*  8646, 8658, 8664, 8665, 8671 , 
8675*,^  8687,  8693,  8703.  1796: 
8797,  8817,  8831  (sailor),  8836, 
8837,  8842.  1797:  8998,  9004, 
9025, 9027,  9030,  9033, 9038, 9043, 
9050.  1798:  9159,  9161,  9162, 
9182,  9188,  9190,  9214,  9214  A*, 
9224,  9225,  9230,  9230  A*,  9231, 
9237,  9241,  p.  479*,  9251,  9257, 
9257  A*,  9259,  9264,  9265  (soldier), 
*  Not  named. 


726 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 


9280,  9281,  9287.  1799:  9337, 
9337  A*,  9338,  9344,  9344  A*, 
9346  (soldier),  9354,  9363,  9363 
A*,  9364, 9364  A*,  9366, 9391, 941 1, 
9413  (sailor),  9419  (sailor),  9425, 
9428,  9432.  1800 :  9508,  9508  A*, 
9S20,    9525,    9531,    9532,    9553, 

9554*,'  9555*,'  9^35 
john  bull  mentioned   1796  !  8796. 
1797 :  9034.  1798 :  9232,  9232  a*. 
1799 :  9350,  9350  A*,  9377.  1800 : 
9512,9517 

KLUNDERT    1793:8322 

LAVENDl^E  1798:9156.  1800:9512. 
See  QUIBERON 

LEGAL  1793 :  8374,  8393,  8394,  3765, 
3767  (p.  69).  1794:  8502,  8520. 
1795:  8606,  8647.  1796:  8855*, 
8868,  8876,  8877,  8878,  8879,  891 1, 
8912,  8925,  8945,  8946,  8947, 
8948.  1797 :  9059,  9060,  9096. 
1798:  9192,  9245,  9245  A*,  9246. 
1799 :  9470,  9486,  9486  A*.  1800 : 
9545,  9545  A*,  9607,  9621,  9636, 
9639.    See  MAGISTRATES 

LEICESTER   1797 :  9130,  9131,  9135 
LEEDS  1797:  9056 

LILLE    1797:9031 

LINCOLN  1797 :  9137,  9139,  9140 
LITERARY,  books  and  authors  1793 : 
8367.2  1795:  8752.  1796:  8883, 
8884.  1797:  9045,  9064,  9087, 
9125,  1798:  9240,  9243.  1799: 
9345,  9503-  1800:  9638.  See 
BOOKSELLERS,  Aiiti-Jacobin,  illus- 
trations to 
LONDON,  citizens  of  ('cits')  1793: 
8405,  8406,  8407,  8415.  1794: 
8476,  8544,  8556,  8568.  1795: 
8700,   8775.     1796:   8906,   8932, 

8934, 8935,  8939,  8940, 8941,  8942. 
1797 :  8977,  9106,  9107.  1798 :  p. 
515,  9317,  9319,  9320,  9329,  9331. 
1799:  9429,  9466,  9468,  9472, 
9487,  9499,  9500,  9504-  1800: 
9550,  9581,  9582,  9596,  9597, 
9597  A*,  9598,  9598  A*,  9599, 
9599  A*,  9601,  9602,  9603,  9636, 
9638,  9639,  9640,  9644,  9649,  9654, 
9655 


LONDON,   Corporation   of.   Mayor, 

Aldermen,  &c.  1793:8325.  1797: 

9001.   Addenda  i\%QQ) '.  9690 

LONDON,  places  of  amusement,  &c.,  in 

Bond  Street    1793 :  8377.    1795 : 

8601,  8653.   1796:  8886,  8900. 

1797:     8991.       1799:     9447, 

9447  A* 
Boodle's  1800:9563 
Brooks's  1796:  8826.   1798:  9172 
Hyde  Park    1797:  8991,     9066. 

1800:  9655 
Kensington  Gardens   1799 :  9454 
St.   James's    Park  Addenda   (c. 

1780):  9665 
tea-gardens,  &c.,  in  or  near  1793 : 

8415.    1795:  8685,  8689,  8701. 

1796 :  8924,  8933,  8934.    1799 : 

9495,  9502.    Addenda  (1784): 

9668 
Vauxhall  1796:  8944.    Addenda 

(1800):  9689 
White's  1796:8826 
LONDON,  street  scenes  in  1793: 
8402.  1795:  8772,  8774.  1796: 
8903,  8931,  8932.  1797:  9045, 
9083,  9114.  1798:  9304,  9311, 
9317,  9318,  9319,  9320,  9333. 
1799:  9404,  9404  A*,  9474,  9475, 
9476,  9477,  9478,  9479.  9480, 
9496.  Addenda  ill %^):g(^^.  See 

BOND  STREET 

LOTTERIES   1794:   8544,  8549,  3768 

(p.  145).    1799:9496 
LOUVAIN    1793:8322.    1794:8674* 

LOW  LIFE  1793 :  8418.  1796 :  8907. 
1797:9103.  1798:9309.  1799: 
9462.   1800 :  9585,  9610,  9650 

LYONS    1795:8631 


MADRID    1794:8477 

MAGISTRATES  (justices  of  peace) 
1794:  8563,  8575.  1795:  8686, 
8688,  8690,  8696.  1796:  8910, 
8959.  1797:  9051.  1798:  9160, 
9186.  1800:  9651 

MAHOMETANISM     1798:   9253,   9255, 

9278.     1799:   9349,   9352,   9359, 
9362*.   1800:  9534, 9544, 9544  A* 
MALTA    1798:  p.  478*,  9260,  9268. 
1799 :  9349,  9422,  p.  576 


Date  uncertain.    John  Bull  is  not  named. 

727 


*  Not  named. 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 


MAPS  1793:  8346,  8397,  8398,  8399. 

1794:8444.  1798:9174 

MARGATE     1793:8400,8401 

MARRIAGE  1793 :  8407.  1794 :  8525, 
8549,8550,8551,8552,8562.  1795: 
8610,  8611,  8643,  8760.  1796: 
8787,  8806,  8807,  8809,  8810,  881 1, 
8816,  8818,  8824,  8827,  8916,  8918, 
8921,  8925,  8927,  8928.  1797. 
8985,  9006,  9007,  9014,  9015, 
9074, 9075, 9076,  9077, 9084,  9091, 
9104,  9105.  1798:  9297,  9305, 
9324.  9332,  9335.  1799:  9446, 
9461,  9498,  9499,  9502.  1800: 
9576,  9605,  9622,  9623,  9624,  9625, 
9626,  9627,  9648,  9654,  9659,  9660. 
Addenda  (1784)  :  9667.  (1785)  : 
9669.  (1787)  :  9671.  (1788)  :  9673. 
(1789)  :  9677.     See  crim.  con. 

MASQUERADES  1794:  8551.  1797: 
9105 

medical  1793:8376,8376  a.  1794: 
8542,  8544,  8552,  8580,  8590. 
1795:  8620,  8620  A*,  8717,  8742, 
8743,  8745.  1796:  8787,  8847*, 
8860*,  8864*.  1797 :  9092,  9093, 
9095.  1798:  9193,  9321,  9331. 
1799:  9403,  9406,  9448,  9449, 
9465.  1800:  9584,  9618,  9641. 
Addenda  (1788):  9673.  (1790): 
9682.    See  QUACKS 

MENIN     1793:  8337, 

military:  the  army,  militia,  and 
soldiers  1793:  8313,  8314,  p.  19, 
8321, 8322,  8324,  p.  25,  8327,  8328, 
8329,8333,  8337,  8340,  8341,8345, 
8347,  8348,  8349,  8351,8355,  8417. 
1794 :  8421,  8425, 8429,  8432, 8433, 
8462,  8472,  8473,  8478,  8531,  8552, 
8562.  1795:  8602,  8607,  8608, 
8609,  8619,  8633,  8642,  8652, 
8662,  8678.  1796:  8789,  8790, 
8791,  8826,  8846*,  8848*,  8859*, 
8874.  1797:  8977,  8978,  8992, 
8994,  8997,  9005,  9019,  9022, 
9026,  9037,  9056,  9068,  9069, 
9070,  9071,  9072,  9073,  9106,  9128, 
9136.  1798:  9156,  9160,  9165*,' 
9166,  9167,  9172,  9176,  9180,  9181, 
9184, 9187, 9203, 9204, 9207, 9220*, 

9232,  9232  A*,  9234,  9272,  9274, 

9278, 9290, 9294, 9295, 9314, 9315, 

'  Date  uncertain. 


9316,9319.  1799:9336,9342,9357, 
9360,  9361,  9371,  9387,  9388, 
9389,  9390,  9392,  9393,  9403,  9408, 
9412,  9418,  9422,  9426,  9427,  9433, 
9442.  1800:  9510,  9523,  9534, 
9544,  9544  A*,  9561,  9564,  9567, 
9568,  9620.  Addenda:  9685  (1792). 

See   BARRACKS,     MUSIC,    MILITARY 

volunteers,  recruiting 

MONS     1793  :  8337.     1794 :  8674* 

MOSCOW  1794 :  8483 

mothers  and  daughters  1793: 
8404.  1794:8557.  1797:9084 

music  1793:  8334,  8381.  1794: 
8565.  1795:  8738,  8764.  1796: 
8870,  8891,  8892,  8893,  8894, 
8961,  8962.  1798:  9306,  9307, 
9321.  1799 :  9364,  9364  a*,  9404, 
9404  A*,  9459,  9481,  9489.  1800: 
9586.  Addenda  (1785):  9670. 
(1789)  :  9677.     (1800)  :  9689 

MUSIC,  military  1793:  8327,  8351. 
1794:  8529.  Addenda  (1800): 
9689 

NAPLES  1793:  8363*.  1795:  8646, 
8674*.2  1796:  8821.  1799:  9349, 
9403,  9412.  1800:  9522 

naval:  navy,  mercantile  marine, 
sailors,  and  the  sea  1793:  8352, 
8353.  1794:  8447,  8469,  8470, 
8471,8501,8534.  1795:8601,8653, 
8657.  1796:  8823,  8831,  8851*, 
8907.  1797:  8978,  8979,  8992, 
9021,9022,9034,9046. 1798:9160, 
9167,  9181,  9185,  9220*,  9248, 
9248  A*,  9250, 9250  a*,  9251, 9252, 
9256,  9257,  9257  A*,  9259,  9262, 

9264,  9268,  9269,  9271,  9271  A*, 

9278,    9324.     1799:   9413,  9419, 

9497,  9505-  1800:  9513,  9541, 
9609,  9644 

NEGROES    1793:  8327,  8351.  1795: 

8634,    8673.     1796:    8927,  8928. 

1797:  9007,  9107.    1800:  9636. 

Addenda:     9678     (1789),  9689 

(1800).    5^6  SLAVE  TRADE 
NETHERLANDS,  AUSTRIAN,  ^^C  FLANDERS 
NETHERLANDS,  UNITED,  see  HOLLAND 
NEWSPAPERS,   NEWS,   AND  THE  PRESS 

1793:  8355,  8416.  1794:  8458, 
8461,    8489.     1795:    8673,   8773. 

*  1794. 


728 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 


1796:  8933,  8957.  1797:  8981, 

8981  A*,  8989,  9085.  1798:  9194, 

9232,  9232  A*,  9240.  1799 :  9345, 
9370,  9371,   9396,   9404,   9404  A, 

9483.  9483  A*,  9489.  1800 :  9522, 
9640 
NORWICH     1795 :  8617 

NOTTINGHAM       1797:     9141,     9144, 

9145, 9146, 9147 

OLDMAIDS  1793:8381.  1794:8535, 
8558.  1796:  8802.  1797:  9107, 
9144.  1799:  9450.  1800:  9580, 
9619,   9630,  9632 

OSTEND  1793:  8337.  1794:  8481. 
1795:  8648.     1798:  9231,  9232, 

9232  A*,  p.  478* 

OXFORD  UNIVERSITY,  members  of,  &c. 
1796:  8973,  8974,  8975,  8976. 
1797:  9115,  9116,  9117,  9120 

PAPACY  1793:8290,8363*.  1795: 
8674*.'  1796:8821.  1797:8997, 
9058*.'  1798:9224.  1800:9522. 
See  ROME 

PARIS  1793:  8297,  &c.,  8301,  8343, 
8344,  8350.  1794:  8425,  8430, 
8431,  8435,  8436,  8472.  1795: 
8631,  8648.  1796:  8826,  8828, 
8829,  8830,  8832,  8833*.  1797: 
8981,  9046.  1798:  9164*,  9227. 
1799:  9364,  9364  A*,  9366,  9392, 
9408, 9416, 9425, 9428,  p.  576, 9457. 
1800:     9509,     9612.      Addenda 

(1789)  19679 
PARLIAMENT  (not  including  mere 
'  allusions  to  debates)  1793 :  8285, 
8303.  1794:  8424,  8434,  8550. 
1795 :  8599, 8600, 8614, 8624, 8637, 
8638,  8644,  8659,  8666,  8674*,' 
8692,  8699.  1796:  8805,  8834. 
1797:  8980,  8994,  9002,  9018, 
9020,  9024,  9035,  9039.     1798: 

9180,  9214,  9214  A*,  9237,  9263, 
9263  A*.  1799:9369,9401.  1800: 

9511,  95"  A*,  9515,  9519,  9532. 
See  REFORM,  parliamentary 
PARLIAMENT,  House  of  Lords  1 794 : 
8424,  8448.     1796:  8834.    1798: 

9181,  9214,  9214A* 

PAST     AND     PRESENT       1794:     8570. 
'  1794- 


1797:  9089,  9104,  9105.    1798: 
9221.     1800:  9552 

PAUPERS    AND    POOR    RELIEF      1795: 

8770.  1796:8856*.  1800:9639 

PAWNBROKERS       1793:     8325,     8326. 

1794:8551 

PEERS    AND    PEERAGES      1794:    8468, 

8544,  8550.  1795:  8624.  1796: 
8787,  8826.  1797:  8985,  9074, 
9076,  9109.  1798:  9222.  1800: 
9649 
PEERESSES  1793 :  8378.  See  farren, 
Eliza 

PICTURES  AND  PRINTS,  travCSticS  of 

1794:  8555.     1795:   8671,   8704. 
1796 :  8898.    1797 :  9064.    1799 : 
9371,9476 
PILLORY    1794:  8491.    1796:  8876, 
8877,  8878,  8879.    1797 :  9079 

PLAYING-CARDS     1793:    8291,   833 1. 

1798 :  9163 

POLAND     AND     THE     POLES       1793: 

8363*     1794:8477,8483.    1795: 
8607,8674*.^    1796:8844.    1798: 
9278.  1799:9345 
POLICE,  see  BOW  street,  constables, 

MAGISTRATES,  WATCH 
PONDICHERRY   1796:8845 
PORTSMOUTH     1798:    9234,    9247. 

1799:  9497 
PORTUGAL     1795:    8674*.'     1797: 

9046.  1798 :  9224 
PRESS  GANG     1794 :  8447, 8501 
PRISONS  1795:    8697.  1798:    9249, 
9267.    See  DEBT,  imprisonment 
for 
Cold  Bath  Fields     1799:  9340, 

9340A*,  9341,9345,  9416 
Newgate  1793:8339,8342.  1795: 
8646,  8697.    1796 :  8793.   1799 : 
9424 
Newgate,  Dublin     1794:  8466 

PRODIGIES        AND         MONSTROSITIES 

1794 :  8529,  8576.   1799 :  9339 
PRONUNCIATION    1800:  9646.    See 

COCKNEY 

PRUSSIA  1793:  8290,  8345,  8363*. 
1794 :  8477, 8483,  8488,  8494,  8496. 
1795:8674*.^  1796:8821.  1797: 
9046.  1798:  9195,  9227,  9278, 
9286.2    1799;  ^333^  ^34^^    jsoO: 

9522 

'  Date  uncertain. 


729 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 


PUGILISM  AND  BOXING     1795  :    8626, 

p.  198.  1797:  9022,  9022  A*. 
1799 :  9372,  9489 

PUNCH  1793:  8334.  1794:  8577. 
1795 :  8774.  1798 :  9320.  1799 : 
9489 

PUTNEY  1796 :  8838 

PUZZLES  1794:  8427,  8474,  8475. 
1797:  9048.  See  acrostic,  re- 
buses 


QUACKS     AND     CHARLATANS 

1793: 

8370,    8371,    8380.     1794: 

8529. 

1795:  8690,    8740,  8741. 

1797: 

9085,    9094.     1798:    9334 

.    See 

WIZARDS 

QUACK  REMEDIES   1794:8548. 

1795: 

8610,    8744.     1796:    8838, 

8867. 

1799:  9403,  9442,  9447 

QUIBERON  1795:  8669,  8676. 

1796: 

8845.    1797:  9046.    1798: 

9157, 

9231 

RACING  AND  THE  TURF     1794 :  8522, 

8556.    1795:  8610,  8654.    1799: 

9366.    1800:9552,9575,9578 
REBUSES    1794:  8593.    1798:  9173. 

1799 :  9505,  9506 
RECRUITING       1794:     8484,     8486. 

1795:8690.    1797:9128.    1798: 

9316,  9318.    1800:  9642 
REFORM,  parliamentary  1793:  8289. 

1794:    8424,   8439,   8449,   8500. 

1795:    8617,    8621,    8624,    8635. 

1797:  9018.     1798:  9161,  9190, 

9191,  9204,  9214,  9286.'    1799: 

9423.   1800:  9531 

RIDING   AND    HORSEMANSHIP     1794: 

8476,  8503,  8556.  1796:  8800, 
8869,  8889,  8890,  8953.  1797: 
9066,  9096,  9135,  9154,  9155. 
1798:  9317,  9319,  9320.  1799: 
9360,  9361,  9465,  9482,  9488. 
1800:    9560,    9580,    9655.     See 

HUNTING,  RACING 
ROCHDALE    1794:8523 
ROMAN    CATHOLICS      1793:     p.     18. 

1794:  8499,  8539,  8562,  8585. 
1795:  8632,  8644,  8713.  1796: 
8780.  1797:9183 
ROME  1793:  8345.  1794:  8479. 
1797:  8997.  1798:  9252,  9260. 
1799 :  9349,  9412.  See  papacy 
'  Date  uncertain. 


ROTTERDAM     1793:    8321.      1796: 

8853* 

ROYAL  INSTITUTION    1800  :  9565 

ROYAL  SOCIETY  1795 :  8718 
RUSSIA  1793:  8363*.  1794:  8483, 
8487,  8488.  1795:  8607,  8674*.2 
1796:  8821,  8844,  8865,  9058*.^ 
1798:  9227,  9273,  9278,  9286.' 
1799: 9338,9349, 9387,  9388,  9390, 

9392,  9393,  940o»  9403,  9404, 
9404  A*,  9408,  9412,  9415.  1800: 
9522,    9526,    9554*/    9640-     See 

ST.    PETERSBURG 

ST.  MARCOUF,  fLES    1798 :  9207 
ST.  PETERSBURG    1793:8345.    1799: 

9408,  9415 

SALDANHA  BAY    1796  :  883 1 

SARDINIA  1793:8345,8363*.  1795: 
8674*.^  1796:8821.  1799:9349- 
1800 :  9522 

SAVOY,  see  Sardinia 

SCHELDT,  River  1793:  8290,  8299. 
1796:8831 

SCHOOLS,        SCHOOLMASTERS,        ETC. 

1794:  8552.  1795:  8720,  8749. 
1796:  8966.    1799:  9435.    1800: 

9534 

SCIENCE  1796:  8887,  8968.  1799: 
9352.  1800:  9616.  See  butter- 
flies, ROYAL  institution,  ROYAL 
SOCIETY 

SCOTLAND  AND  THE  SCOTS  1793: 
8325,  8326,  8357,  8359,  8360,  8361, 

8362, 8398.  1794 :  8506, 8527, 8547, 
8548,8550. 1795 :  8644, 8676. 1796 : 
8820,  8890,  8906.  1797:  9034, 
9046,  9053,  9084,  9113.  1798: 
9169,  9182,  9302.  1799:  9344, 
9344  A*,  9346,  9394,  9394  A*, 
9416,9435-  1800:9517,9528,9544, 
9544  A*,  9660.    See  CHURCH  of 

SCOTLAND,     EDINBURGH,    DUNDAS, 

Henry,  lauderdale 

SEDAN  CHAIR    1797  :  9147 
SERVANTS     1793:8373.     1794:8548, 

8550, 8566, 8582, 8587.  1796 :  8902, 
8927,  8928.  1797:  9147.  1798: 
9331.  1799:  9452,  9472,  9484, 
9484  A*.  1800:9530,9638 
SHOOTING  1794:  8537,  8579,  8588. 
1800:  9596,  9596  A*,  9597, 
*  1794. 


730 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED  SUBJECTS 


9597  A*,     9598,     9598  A*,     9599, 

9599  A*,  9600,  9601,  9602,  9603 
SHOPS  AND  STALLS  1793  :  8370,  837 1, 

8408,8413. 1794 :8s72,8s95. 1797 : 
9068.  1798:  9321,9327.  1799: 

9465,     9474,     9487.       See     PAWN- 
BROKERS 

SKATING  1794:  8594.  1796:  8938. 
1799:9451.   1800:9663 

SKITTLES     AND      NINE-PINS       1796: 

8933-  1800:9524 

SLAVE     TRADE       1795:     8637,     8638. 

1796:  8793.  1797:  8980,  9046. 
1798:  9286.1  1799:  9346.  Ad- 
denda (1792):  9685 
SMOKING  1793:  8303,  8339,  8412, 
8416.  1795:  8651.  1796:  8793, 
8838,  8932,  8933,  8935.  1797: 
8984,  9037,  9104,  9129,  9141. 
1798:  9291,  9330,  9335.  1799: 
9430,  9430  A*,  9481,  9482.    1800: 

9530,9533,9550 
SPAIN  1793:  8363*.  1794:  8477. 
1795 :  8609,  8674*.^  1797 :  8992, 
9031,  9046,  9058*.  1798:  9164*, 
9181,  9224,  9260,  9264,  9273. 
1799:  9408.   1800:  9522 

SPORT,  see  FISHING,  HUNTING,  PUGI- 
LISM, RACING,  SHOOTING,  SKATING, 
SKITTLES 

STOCK  EXCHANGE    1794  :  8505 

STOCKS  (penal)    1794:  8491,  8554. 

1796:  8879.    1797:  9042 
SUNDAY    1793:  8405,  8415.    1794: 

8482.     1795:  8775.    1796:  8838, 

8932,   8933,   8934.     1798:    9231. 

1799:  9404,  9404  A,  9435 
SWEDEN    1796:  8821.    1797:  9046. 

1800 :  9554*' 
SWITZERLAND    1796:  8825.     1798: 

9224,   9227,   9245,   9260.     1799: 

9349,  9422 

TADCASTER  (inn  at)  1796 :  8875 

TAVERNS  AND  ALEHOUSES  AND  COFFEE 

HOUSES  (interiors)  1795:  8773. 
1797:  9118,  9119,  9141,  9149. 
1800:9573,9574 
TAXES  1794:  8425,  8463*,  8496, 
8504.  1795:  8620,  8620  A*,  8621, 
8628,  8629,  8646,  8650,  8654,  8658, 
8660,  8663,  8664,  8668,  8669,  8671, 
'  Date  uncertain. 


8672,  8680,  8687,  8707,  871 1,  8712, 
8769,  8771.  1796:  8794,  8796, 
8797,  8798,  8799,  8802,  8803,  8808, 
8836,  8837,  8837  A*,  8837  B*,  8841, 
8842.  1797:  8981,  8981  A*, 
9004, 9017,  9025,  9027,  9028, 9030, 
9038, 9043, 9046, 9047, 9048,  9050, 
9051,  9052,  9126.  1798:  9159, 
9161,  9162,  9163,  9190,  9195,  9225, 
9231,  9237,  9280,  9281,  9282, 
9282  A*,  9283,  9287.  1799 :  9337, 
9337  A*,  9338,  9344,  9344  A*,  9346. 
9349,  9353,  9354,  93^3,  9363  A*, 
9366,  9367,  9391,  9400,  9416. 
1800:  9518,  9520.  See  finance 

TELEGRAPH  (semaphore)  1795 :  8612. 
1796:  8837,  8837  A*,  8837  B*. 
1798 :  9220*,  9232,  9232  A* 

THEATRICAL,  the  Stage,  actors, 
audience  1794:8521,8527,8531, 
8562.  1795:  8727,  8730,  8776. 
1796:  8891,  8892,  8893,  8894. 
1797:  9003,  9074,  9086,  9098, 
9099,  9132.  1798 :  9289,  9297, 
9298,  9299,  9300,  9301.  1799: 
9396,  9397,  9398,  9399,  9402, 
9402  A*,  9407,  9417,  9436,  9437. 
1800:9536,9537,9538.    See  ELIZA 

FARREN,  MRS,  JORDAN 

THEATRICALS,  private    1795:  872X. 

1797 :  9107 
TITHES     1797:   9138.     1799:   9471. 

1800:    9637.     Addenda   (1790): 

9681 
TORBAY   1793:  8352,  8353.     1795: 

8657 
TORRINGTON   1796:8958 
TOULON    1793:8363*.     1794:8434, 

8489.  1795:  8631.  1798:  9157, 
9231 
TRAVELLING,  incidents  of  1796: 
8937,  8952,  8963,  8970,  8971. 
1797:  9111,  9133,  9134,  9150. 
1799 :  9445.  See  driving,  riding 

TRAVESTIES,  See  CAMEO,  PICTURES 
TRIALS    FOR    TREASON    OR    SEDITION 

1793:  8359,  8360,  8361,  8362. 
1794 :  8491, 8502, 8506, 8507, 8508, 
8509,  8510,  85 II,  8512.  1798: 
9192, 9245 

TURKEY  AND  THE  TURKS    1793  :  8356. 

1794:  8423.     1798:   9181,   9253, 
*  1794- 


731 


INDEX  OF  SELECTED   SUBJECTS 


9255.  9273,  9274.  1799:  9338, 
9349,  9352,  9359,  936i,  9362,  9388, 
9412.    1800:    9522,    9523,    9534. 

See  CONSTANTINOPLE,  EGYPT 
TWELFTH  NIGHT    1794:  8577 

UNIVERSITY,  members  of,  &c.  1794 : 
8532,  8552.  1800:  9656,  9656  A, 
9657.  See  OXFORD 

UNITED  PROVINCES,  NETHERLANDS, 
see  HOLLAND 

VALENCIENNES    1796:8791 

VENICE    1797:  9046.    1799:  9349, 

9403 
VIENNA    1793:  8345.    1794:  8472, 
8477,  8479.   1795:  8674* 

VOLUNTEERS,  FENCIBLES,  AND  YEO- 
MANRY 1794:  8459,  8476,  8492, 
8503,  8513.  1795:  8597,  8731, 
8732, 8733, 8734, 8738.  1796 :  8840. 
1797:  8991,  8993,  8994,  9056. 
1798 :  9221,  9238,  9239, 9247, 9314, 
p.  515.  1800 :  p.  617,  9582,  9596, 
9596  A*,  9597,  9597  A*,  9598, 
9598  A*,  9599,  9599  A*,  9600, 
9601,  9602,  9603,  9639 

WAGES    1795 :  8665,  8665  A* 

WALES  AND  THE  WELSH    1794  :  8529. 

1796:  8793  A,  8818,  8881,  8882. 


1797:  8992,  9106.  1799:  9401, 
9445,  9454-   1800:9651 

WARSAW  1795:  8607.  1796:  8844. 
1799 :  9387, 9422 

WATCH,  the,  and  watchmen  1794: 
8545,  8552,  8559.  1797:  9024, 
9101.  1799:  9492.  1800:  9508, 
9508  A*.    Addenda  (1798)  :  9687 

WATERING-PLACES,      See     BRIGHTON, 

MARGATE,  WEYMOUTH 
V^^ST  INDIES       1794:     8489,     8496. 

1795:  8599,  8614,  8626.     1796: 

8845*.  1797:  8978,  9034.  1798: 

9231.  1799:9346 

WEYMOUTH    1797:9019,9070,9071 

vraiG  CLUB  1793:8286,8315,8317. 
1794:8424.  1795:8644.  1797: 
8986,  8987,  8996,  8996  A*.  1798 : 
9177,  9205,  9214,  9216,  9248, 
9248  A*,  9266.  1799:  9343,  9345, 
9375, 9434"  Addenda  (1798)  :  9687 

WINTER  1794:  8578,  8592.  1799: 
9496.  1800 :  9662.  See  Christmas, 

SKATING 

wizards  1793:  8368.  1795:  8777. 
1796:8805.  1800:9611 


YORKSHIRE      1797 :    9056. 
9168,  9175.   1799 :  9423 

YEOMANRY,  See  VOLUNTEERS 
YPRES    1793:8337* 


1798: 


732 


INDEX  OF  ARTISTS 


No  distinction  is  made  between  draughtsman  and  engraver.   Doubtful  and 

conjectural  attributions  are  included.   Some  attributions  to  G.  Cruikshank 

are  made  in  the  index  only  and  are  marked  f. 


A  P  see  P.,  A. 

ADAM    1794:  8518 

ADAMS,  Thomas  or  T«  A^  (pseudo- 
nym of  Gillray)  1796 :  8800, 8907, 
8908,  8909 

ALKEN,  Samuel  ^  (worked  c.  1790-8) 
1 793 :  83  93 .  Addenda :  9670, 9679, 
9686 

ANNiBAL  SCRATCH  ( ?  Samuel  Col- 
lings)    1793 :  8374 

ANSELL  or  ANSEL,  Charles,  1793: 
8400, 8401 . 1 794: 8547.  1 796 : 8924 

ANSELL  1797:  9030,  9031.  1798: 
917s,  9192,  9194,  9215,  9218,  9224, 
9225,  9227,  9239,  9241,  9247,  9249, 
9252,  9255,  9258,  9259,  9265,  9267, 
9285,    9299.     1799:    9337,    9366, 

9367*    9385,    9402,    9455,    9456. 

1800:    9544,    9551,    9574,    9592, 

9593,  9594,  9595,  9600,  9601,  9602, 

9603,  9604 
ATKINSON,    Frederick   (amateur,    a 

silk-merchant)    1796:  8875 
AYNSCOMBE,  V.  (Miss)    1794 :  8567 

B   1800:9657^ 

B.,  H.    1793:8296 

B.,  H.  S^C.    1797:9062 

B— H.,  T.     1797:9097 

BALDREY,  Joshua  Kirby(i754-i828)' 

1799:  9451,  9452 
BARLOW,  J.    1794 :  8489,  8501,  8528. 

1795  :  8623,  8645,  8677,  8680,  8702 

BARRETT    1800:9633 

BATE,  M.  N.    1796:88x5 

BLUNT,  E.    1797 :  9096.    1798 :  9307 

BRETT    1794 :  8560,  8561 

BUNBURY,  Henry  William  (1750- 
181 1)  1794:  8460,  8537,  8538, 
8539,  8540.  1795:  8619.  1799: 
9473^ 


C,  I.    See  CRUIKSHANK 

C,  or  c D,  J.  or  I.,  Esq. 


1800 


9587,  9596,  9597,  9598,  9599 
'  See  Index  of  Printsellers. 


C L,    Henry  (?  pseudonym    of 

Gillray)    1796:8896 

CAWSE,  John'  {c.  1779-1862)  1798 : 
9296.^  1799 :  9419,  9420,  9421, 
9422,  p.  574,  9431,  9447,  9493- 
1800:  9508,  9511,  9512,  9515, 
9521,  9525,  9527,  9532,  9539,  9579, 
9606,  9607,  9608,  9609,  9643,  9655 

CHAPMAN,  J.  ( ?  John,  worked 
1792-1823)    1799:9371,9417 

CHURCHILL,  C.  ( ?  pseudonym) 
1795 :  8764 

COLLINGS,  Samuel  (worked  1780-91, 
see  ANNIBAL  scratch)  1793  :  8374. 
1794:  8489,  8501,  8528.  1795: 
8623,  864s,  8677,  8702,  Addenda: 
9671 

COOKE,  J.    1799  :  9349 

CRUIKSHANK,  George  (i  792-1 878) 
[i]  1817:  8655  A,  9184  A,  9240  A, 
9261  B,  9345  A.  [2]  1818:  Copies 
of  Gillray  attributed  to  1793: 
8303  Af,  8318  Af.  1795 :  8753  Af. 
1796:    8885  Af,    8897  Af.    1797: 

8981  Bf ,  8990  Af ,  8992  Af ,  9068  Af , 

9082  Af .  1798  :  9182  Af ,  9245  Bf , 
9261  Af ,  9270  Bf ,  9282  Bf .  1799  : 
9410  Af,  9450  Af,  9523  Af,  9534  Af. 
1800  :  9584  Af ,  9585  Bf ,  9586  Af , 

9587  Af 

CRUIKSHANK,  Isaac  (i756?-i8ii?) 
1793  :  8285,  8288,  8292,  8297, 8299, 
8302,  8305,  8311,  8312,  8313,  8315, 
8317,  8322,  8325,  8329,  8332,  8333, 
8335,  8340,  8341,  8343,  8344,8345, 
8349,  8351,  8353,  8355,  8373,  8376, 
8377,  8378,  8379,  8380,  8387,  8388, 
8402, 8403 ,  8404, 8406, 8407.  1 794  : 
8423,  8424,  8426,  8427,  8428,  8429, 
843,^  8435,  8436,  8446,  8458,  8468, 
8469,  8471,  8476,  8477,  8478,  8484, 
8485,  8486,  8487,  8490,  8492,  8493, 
8502,  8519,  8520,  8521,  8522,  8523, 
8524,  8525,  8541,  8542,  8543,  8544, 
854s,  8546,  8548,  8549,  8570,  8571, 
*  Date  uncertain. 


733 


INDEX  OF  ARTISTS 


8572,  8575,  8577,  8582,  8584,  8586, 
8588,  8590,  8591.  1795:  8597, 
8607,  8608,  8611,  8613,  86i8,  8620, 
8626,  8632,  8633,  8634,  8635,  8643, 
8646,  8660,  8661,  8662,'  8666,  8667, 
8668,  8672,  8673,  8679,  8686,  8688, 
8689,  8690,  8697,  8700,  8701,  8705, 
8708,  8724,  8749,  8763,  8772,  8773, 
8774, 8775, 8776, 8777, 8778.  1796  : 
8785,  8788,  8792,  8795,  8796,  8799, 
8801,  8802,  8803,  8809,  8813,  8821, 
8824,  8829,  8830,  8831,  8832,  8837, 
8838,  8844,  8879,  8880,  8894,  8902, 
8904,  8914,  8915,  8922,  8923,  8925, 
8926,  8927,  8929,  8930, 8931,  8932, 
8933,  8934,  8935,  8936,  8937,  8938, 
8939,  8940,  8941,  8942,  8943,  8944, 
8945,  8946,  8947,  8948,  8949, 8950, 
8951,  8952,  8953,  8954,  8955,  8956, 
8957.  8958,  8959,  8960,  8961,  8962, 
8963,  8964,  8965,  8966,  8967,  8968, 
8969, 8970,  8971,  8972,  8973,  8974, 
8975,8976.  1797:8977,8982,8983, 
8988,  8989,  8994,  8997,  9005,  901S, 
9020,  9021,  9024,  9034, 9035, 9046, 
9081,  9088,  9093,  9104,  9105,  9106, 
9108,  9109,  9111,  9115,  9116,  9117, 
9118,  9119,  9120,  9121,  9122,  9123, 
9124,  9125,  9126,  9127,  9128,  9129, 
9130,  9131,  9132,  9133,  9134,  9135, 

9136,  9137,  9138,  9139,  9140,  9141, 
9142,  9143,  9144,  9145,  9146,  9147, 
9148,  9149,  9150,  9151,  9152,  9153, 
9154,  9155-  1798:  9157,  9160, 
9169,  9172,  9203,  9204,  9206,  9223, 
9226,  9237,  9242,  9251,  9262,  9274, 
9275,  9276,  9277,  9283,  9300,  9301, 
9305,9311,9312,9313,9314.  1799: 
9336,  9338,  9339,  9340, 9342,  9344, 
9348,  9351,  9365,  9382,  9383,  9384, 
9387,  9391,  9392,  9394,  9399,  9404, 
9408,  9418,  9470,  9471,  9494,  9496, 
9497.  1800:  9507,  9535,  9536, 
9537,  9541,  9543,  9545,  9547, 
9549,  9550,  9576,  9582,  9644,  9645, 
9647,  9648,  9651 
CRUIKSHANK,  Mary    1798  :  9226 

DAUBIGNY,  J.    1797  :  9095 
DAVID,  Jacques-Louis  (1748-1825) 
1794:8462,8463 


DE  LOUTHERBOURG.  See  LOUTHER- 
BOURG 

DENT,  W.^  1793 :  8291,  p.  19,  8321, 
8326,  8330,  8348,  8350,  8390 

DICKINSON,  William  (i  746-1 821) 
1794 :  8537,  8538.    1795  :  8619 

DiGHTON,  Robert  (i752?-i8i4) 
1793:  8394,  8395,  8395  A,  8396, 
8397,  8398,  8399,  8414,  3765,  3767 
(p.  69),  8415,  8416,  8417,  8418, 
8419,  8420.  1794:  8526,  8527, 
8563,  3768  (p.  145),  8595.  1795: 
8625,  8725,  8726,  8727,  8766,  8767, 
8767  A,  8768,  8769.  1796:  8815, 
8866,  8867,  8868,  8869,  8912,  8917, 
8918,  8919,  8920,  8921.  1797: 
8996,  9047,  9054,  9055,  9059, 9060, 
9061,  9098,  9099, 9100, 9101, 9102, 
9103.  1798:  9163,  9216,  9222. 
1799 :  9436,  9437.  Addenda:  9665, 
9683,  9687 

DODD     1793:8324 

DUBOIS    1793:8337.    1794:8464 

ECKSTEIN   1799 :  9503 

F  T  see  T.,  F. 

FiNUCANE,    Mathias     1797:    9113, 

9114 
FRENCH,  Thomas  (d.  1803)    1795 : 

8710 
FUSELi,    Henry   (Johann    Heinrich 

Fuessli  1741-1825)    1793:8368 

G.,  W.    18003 .  ^,656^  ^656  A 
GiBELiN,      Esprit-Antoine     (1739- 

1813)  1797 :  90583 
GiLLRAY,  James'^  {c.  1757-1815) 
1793:  8286,  8287,  8290,  8300, 
8301,  8303,  8304,  8310,  8316,  8318, 
8320,  8327,  8328,  8331,  8336,  8346, 
8347,  8352,  8356,  8364,  8381,  8382, 
8383,  8384,  8389.  1794:  8422, 
8425,  8430,  8431,  8448,  8479,  8557, 
8567,  8568.  1795:  8599,  8600, 
8601,  8602,  8603,  8604,  8605,  8606, 
8609,  8610,  8612,  8614,  861S,  8616, 
8624,  8627,  8629,  8644,  8648,  8649, 
8651,  8653,  8654,  8655,  8656,  8657, 
8658,  8659,  8665,  8681,  8682,  8683, 
8684,  8685,  8691,  8698,  8699,  8704, 


'  1796,  reissued  1802. 
'  Date  uncertain. 


*  See  Index  of  Printsellers. 
*  See  Index  of  Persons,  Index  of  Printsellers. 

734 


INDEX  OF  ARTISTS 


8707,  8714,  8715,  8716,  8717,  8718, 
8719,  8720,  8721,  8722,  8723,  8753, 
8754,  8755.  1796:  8779,  8782, 
8783,  8786,  8787,  8793,  8794,  8797, 
8798,  8800,  8804,  8805,  8806,  8807, 
8811,  8812,  8816,  8817,  8818,  8819, 
8822,  8822  A,  8823,  8826,  8827, 
8827  A,  8828,  8834,  8835,  8836, 
8840,  8842,  8846,  8847,  8848,  8849, 
8850,  8851,  8852,  8853,  8854,  8855, 
8856,  8857,  8858,  8859,  8860,  8861, 
8862,  8863,  8864,  8865,  8876,8885, 
8886,  8887,  8888,  8889,  8890,  8891, 
8892,  8895, 8896,  8897,  8898,  8899, 
8900, 8906, 8907, 8908, 8909.  1 797 : 
8978,  8979,  8980,  8981,  8984,  8985, 
8986, 8987, 8990, 8991, 8992,  8993, 
899s,  9004,  9006, 9009, 9014, 9016, 
9018,  9019,  9023, 9037, 9039,  9045, 
9056,  9064,  9065,  9066,  9067,  9068, 
9069,  9070,  9071,  9072,  9073, 9074, 
9076,  9078,  9079,  9082,  9083,  9084, 
9085.  1798  :  9156, 9167, 9168, 9180, 
9181,  9182,  9183,  9184,  9186,  9189, 
9196,  9197,  9198,  9199,  9200,  9201, 
9202,  9205,  9208,  9209,  9210,  9211, 
9212,  9213,  9214,  9217,  9219,  9228, 
9229,  p.  460,  9230,  9232,  9236, 
9240,  9243,  9244,  924s,  9246,  9248, 
9250,  9257,  9260,  9261,  9263,  9268, 
9269,  9270,  9271,  9272,  9278,  9282, 
9284,  9288,  9291,  9298,  9306,  9307. 
1799  :  9341, 9352, 9355, 9356, 9357, 
9358,  9359,  9360,  9361,  9362,  9369, 
9374,  9375,  9376,  9377,  9378,  9379, 
9380,  9381,  9386,  9388,  9389,  9390, 
9396,  9401,  9403,  9410,  9412,  9414, 
9415,  9423,  9424,  9425,  9426,  9430, 
9438,  9439,  9440,  9441,  9442,  9443, 
9448,  9449,  9450,  9454.  1800: 
9509,  9510,  9513,  9519,  9522,  9523, 
9534,  9548,  9557,  9558,  9559,  9560, 
9561,  9562,  9563,  9564,  9565,  9566, 
9569, 9577,  9578, 9583,  9584,  9585, 
9586,  9587,  9588,  9589,  9590,  9591, 
9596,  9597,  9598,  9599 

GOODNIGHT,  C.  1794 :  8558 

GOULOIR  1796:8833 

GRAINGER,  W.    1793  :  8295 
GRIFFITHS,  Miss    1793 :  8372^ 

'  Date  uncertain. 


GRIGNION,      Charles     (1716-1810) 

1793:8368 

H.  1796:8874 
H  B  see  B.,  H. 
HANLON     ( ?  Handlung),     William 

1795 :  8652,  8676,  8759,  8760, 8761, 

8762 
HARDING,      Edward^     (1755-1840) 

1796 :  8870 
HARDING,     Silvester^     (1745- 1809) 

1796 :  8883 
HARWOOD,  John   1829 :  9614 
HEIDELOFF,    Nicolaus    Innoccntius 

Wilhelm    Clemens    van    (1761- 

1837)    1797 :  9063 
HESS,    David   (1770-1843)       1796: 

8846,  8847,  8848,  8849,  8850,  8851, 

8852,  8853,  8854,  8855,  8856,  8857, 

8858, 8859,  8860,  8861,  8862,  8863, 

8864,  8865 
HEWITT    1794 :  8488 
HINTIN,  W.    1794  :  8498,  8499 
HUBER,    Jean    (1721-1786)     1798: 

9293 
HUMPHREY,  Thomas  (pseudonym  of 

Gillray)    1796  :  8812,  8816,  8817 
HUTCHINSON,  W.  (?  William,  1732- 

1814,    topographer)      Addenda: 

9666 

JENNER,  J.2   1796:8871 

KAY,  John^  (1742-1826)  1793 :  8357, 
8358,  8359,  8360,  8361,  8362,  8369. 
1794  :  8506, 8507, 8508, 8509, 8510, 
8511,8512,8513.  1795:8731,8732, 
8733,  8734.  1796:  8820,  8901. 
1797:9053.  1798:9166.  1799: 
9435 

L.,  T.  B.    1798:9304 
LOUTHERBOURG,      Philippe-Jacques 

de    (1748-1825)     1794:       8589. 

Addenda:  9684 
LOUVION,       Jean-Baptiste      Marie 

(1740-1804)    1795  :  867s 
Ls  F^    1795  :  8654 
LUFFMAN,  John^    1800:  95 1 8 

^  See  Index  of  Printsellers. 


^  Brother  and  partner  of  Edward  Harding,  at  102  Pall  Mall.    See  Index  of 
Printsellers. 


735 


INDEX  OF  ARTISTS 


MAILLY    1793:8363 

MERKE,  H.  (Swiss,  worked  in  London 
c.  1800-20)  1799:  9474,  9475, 
9476,  9477,  9478,  9479,  9480 

MURRAY,  Lord  George  (1761-1803) 
1793:8284 

MX,  J.    1800 :  9654^ 

NEWTON,  Richard  (1777- 1798) 
1793  :  8323, 8339,  8342, 838s,  8386. 
1794 :  8470, 8483, 8550, 8551, 8552, 
8553,8554,8555,8562,8569.  1795: 
8628,  8663,  8695,  8709,  8744,  8745, 
8746,8747,8751.  1796:8839,8843, 
8877,  8881,  8893,  8916.  1797: 
8998, 8999, 9000, 9001, 9003, 9007, 
9010,  9011,  9012,  9025,  9029, 9032, 
9033, 9041, 9052,  9075,  9080,  91 12. 
1798:  9158,  9159,  9177,  9188, 
9292,'  9309,  9325,  933I-'  1799: 
9453.     Addenda:  9685 

NIXON,  John  (d.  1818)  1793:  8334. 
1794:  8432,  8548,  8549,  8556. 
1795:  8728,  8729,  8751.  1796: 
8870,   8884,   8910,    9089.     1799: 

9504 
NORTH,     Brownlow^     (1778- 1829) 
1798:   9308.     1799:  9451,   9452. 
1800:    9586,    9588,    9589,    9S90, 
9591 

o'keefe,  W.  1794:8498,8499,8565, 
8566,  8585.  1795:  8669,  p.  198, 
8712,  8756,  8764.    1799  :  9400 

OVENDEN,  T.  (worked  1790- 18 13) 
1793 :  8293,  8294 


515,  9317,  9318,  9319,  9320,  9321 
(twelve  plates).  1799:9345,9350, 
9370,  9413,  9445,  9462,  9463,  9464, 
9465,  9466, 9467, 9468,  9469,  9473,1 

9474,  9475,  9476,  9477,  9478,  9479, 
9480,  9482,  9483,  9484,  9485,  9486, 
9487,  9488,  9489,  9490,  9491,  9492. 
1800  :  9542,  9546, 9570, 9571, 9572, 
9610,  9611,  9612,  9613,  9614, 
9616,  9617,  9618,  9619,  9620,  9621, 
9622,  9623,  9624,  9625,  9626,  9627, 
9628,  9629,  9630,  9631,  9632,  9663. 
Addenda:  9669,  9670,  9671,  9672, 

9673,  9674,  9675,  9676,  9677,  9678, 
9679,  9680,  9681,  9682,  9686,  9689, 
9690,  9691,  9692 
RUOTTE,      Louis-Charles     (1754-c. 
1806)     1798 :  9164 

J.  S.  See  SAVERS 
S.,  R.    1799:9371,9417 
S.,  T.   See  sansom 
S.,  W.   1800:9514 
sadd,  Henry  S.    1839 :  8815  A 
SANSOM,  T.  or  F.   1797  :  9048,  9096. 
1798 : 9254, 9297, 9302, 9303, 9304, 
9310.    1799:9343,9364.     1800: 

9634,  9637,  9638,  9640 

SAVERS,  or  SAVER,  Jamcs  (1748- 
1823)  1794:  8437,  8438,  8439, 
8440,  8441,  8442,  8443,  8449,  8450, 
8451, 8452, 8453, 8453  A,  8454, 8455, 
8456, 8457, 8461.  1795  :  8617,  8636, 
8637,  8638,  8639,  8640,  8641,  8642, 
8647.  1796:  8825.  1797:  9049. 
1798:  9179.    1800:9533 

SCHOEBERT,  John  (pseudonym  of 
Gillray)    1793:8346 

SCHUTZ,  H.  1798:  9315,  9316,  p. 
515,  9317,  9318,  9319,  9320 

SHERWIN,  John  Keyse  (1751-90)* 
Addenda:  9672 

SNEVD,  (Rev.)  William*  1795  :  8682. 
1797 :  9045 

SQUIBB,  Ty  ( ?  pseudonym  of  Wood- 
ward)  1797 :  9106 

STARCKE  or  STARCK,  C.  (worked  at 
Weimar  c.  1790-1810)5  1795: 
8620  A.  1797: 8981  A,  8996  A,  9022  A, 

'  Date  uncertain. 

*  His  signature  is  generally  indicated  by  a  compass  pointing  to  the  north. 

^  See  Index  of  Persons,  Index  of  Printsellers.  *  See  Index  of  Persons. 

*  Starck  is  believed  to  have  etched  all  the  plates  (copies)  catalogued  from 
London  und  Paris,  some  being  signed. 

736 


P.,  A.   1797:9002 
R  S  see  S.,  R. 

DE  ROO     1794:8674 

ROWLANDSON,  Thomas  (1756-1827)3 
1793  : 8284, 8289, 8367, 8392, 8393. 
1794 :  8503, 8504, 8505, 8531, 8532, 
8533,  8534.  8535,  8536.'  1795: 
8735,8736,8737,8738,8739.  1796: 
8814,  8916.  1797:  9086,'  9087. 
1798  :  9187,  9207,  9234,  9235, 9238, 
9253,  9256,  9264,  9315,  9316,  p. 


INDEX  OF  ARTISTS 


p.  364.  1798:  9189  A,  9214  A, 
9217  A,  9219  A,  9220,  9221,  9226  A, 
9228  A,  9230  A,  9232  A,  9233  A, 
9245  A,  9248  A,  9250  A,  9257  A, 
9263  A,  9270  A,  9271  A,  9282  A,  9287. 

1799:  9337  A,  934©  A,  9344  A, 

9348  A,  9350  A,  9356  A,  9362, 
9363  A,      9364  A,      9394  A,      9402  A, 

9404  A,  9430  A,  9447  A.  1800: 
9508  A,  95 1 1  A,  9543  A,  9544  A, 
9545  A,  954^  A,  9552,  959^  A,  9597  A, 
9598  A,  9599  A 

STOKES,  Miss  Mary  ( ?  pseudonym 
of  Gillray)    1 794 :  8430,  843 1 

SWARTS,  Lieut,  (pseudonym  of  Gill- 
ray)    1796:8835.   1799:9390 

T.,  F.    1795:8661 

TEMPLE,    Maria    Carolina      1798: 

9310.    1800:  9581 
THORNTON    1793 :  8319 
TOWNSHEND,     George,     Marquess 

(1724-1807)   1799:9389 

VAN  ASSEN,  A.  (d.  1817)  1795 :  8740 

W.,  G.  (?  Woodward)    1793:  8287 

W  G  see  G.,  W. 

W.,  H.  (?  W.  Holland  or  H.  Wig- 
stead,  see  vol.  vi,  p.  xxxi)  1795: 
8621 

WS  weS.,  W. 

WE&l    1794:8496.    1795:8671,8687, 

8693, 8694, 8696, 8703, 8706.  1796 : 
8808,  8878.  1797  :  9008,  9008  A. 
1798 :  9162 

WETHERELL    1793  :  8338 

wiGSTEAD,  Henry  (d.  1800)  1796 : 
8752 


WILKES    1793:8324 

WILSON,  T.  C.   Addenda:  9682 

WOODWARD,  GEORGE  MOUTARD(i76o? 

-1809)  1794:  8490,  8503,  8504, 

8505,  8541,  8542,  8543, 8544, 8545. 

1795:  8633,  8749,  8763.  1796: 
8780,  8781,  8801,  8802,  8838,  8841, 
891 1,  8913,  8914,  8915,  8925,  8926, 
8927,  8928,  8929,  8930,  8931, 8932, 
8933, 8934, 8935,  8936,  8937,  8938, 
8939,  8940,  8941,  8942,  8943,  8944, 
8945,  8946,  8947,  8948,  8949,  8950, 
8951,  8952,  8953,  8954,  895s,  8956, 
8957,  8958,  8959,  8960, 8961,  8962, 
8963,  8964,  8965,  8966,  8967,  8968, 
8969,  8970, 8971, 8972,  8973,  8974, 
8975, 8976.  1797  : 8977, 8982,  9028, 
9092,  9094,9104,  9105, 9106, 9107, 
9108,  9109,  9115,  9116,  9117,  9118, 
9119,  9120,  9121,  9122,  9123,  9124, 
9125,  9126,  9127,  9128,  9129,  9130, 
9131,  9132,  9133,  9134,  9135,  9136, 
9137,  9138,  9139,  9140,  9141,  9142, 
9143,  9144,  9145,  9146,  9147.  9148, 
9149,  9150,  9151,  9152,  9153,  9154, 
9155. 1798  :  9297,9303,  93",  93 12, 
9313,  9314-  1799:  9391,  9416, 
9418,  9429,  9459,  9462,  9466,  9467, 
9470,  9471,  9481,  9482,  9483,  9484, 
9485,  9486,  9487,  9488,  9489,  9490, 
9491,  9492.  1800:  9511,  p.  617, 
9541,  9552,  9580,  9622,  9623,  9624, 
9625,  9626,  9627,  9628,  9629,  9630, 
9631,  9632,  9633,  9634,  9635,  9636, 
9637,  9638,  9639,  9640,  9641,  9642, 
9643,  9644,  9645,  9646,  9647,  9648, 
9649,  9650,  9651.  Addenda:  9689, 
9690,  9691,  9692 

zeigler   1796 :  8910 


737 


3B 


INDEX  OF  PRINTSELLERS  AND  PUBLISHERS 


ackermann's  gallery  (or  R.  Acker- 
mann),  loi  Strand  1798:  9187, 
9207,  9235,  9253,  9256,  9264,  9315, 
9316,  p.  515,  9317,  9318,  9319, 
9320.  1799:  9413,  9445,  9466, 
9467,  9474,  9475.  9476,  9477,  9478, 
9479,  9480,  9482,  9483,  9484,  9485, 
9486,  9487,  9488,  9489,  9490,  9491. 
1800  :  9542,  9546,  961 1,  9612,  9613, 
9616,  9617,  9618,  9619,  9620,  9621, 
9622,  9623,  9624,  9625,  9626,  9627, 
9628,  9629,  9630,  9631,  9632. 
Addenda:  9689,  9690 

AiTKEN,  or  AiKiN,  J.,  14  Castle  Street, 
Leicester  Square  1793:  8291, 
p.  19,  8321,  8326,  8330,  8343, 834s, 
8348,  8350,  8390.  1794:  8427, 
8492,  8493,  8494,  8496.  1795: 
8608,  8664,  8669,  p.  198,  8730. 
1798:  9206,  9262.  1799:  9365, 
9399,  9400-    1800  :  9507,  9535 

ALEXANDER,  J.,  323  Strand  1794: 
8424 

ALKEN,  S.^  3  Dufours  Place,  Broad 
Street,  Soho   Addenda:  9670 

2  Francis  Street,  East,  Bed- 
ford Square  9679 

ALLEN  AND  WEST,  1 5  Paternoster  Row 
1796 :  8929, 8930, 8931,8932,8933, 
8934,  8935,  8936,  8937,  8938,  8939, 
8940,  8941,  8942,  8943,  8944,  8945, 
8946,  8947,  8948,  8949,  8950,  8951, 
8952,^  8953,^  8954,2  8955,2  8956, 
8957,  8958,  8959,  8960,  8961,  8962, 
8963,  8964,  8965,  8966,  8967,  8968, 
8969,  8970,  8971,  8972,  8973,  8974, 
8975,  8976.  1797:  9115,  9116, 
9117,  9118,  9119,  9120,  9121,  9122, 
9123,  9124,  9125,  9126,  9127,  9128, 
9129.  (Allen  &  Co.)  9130,  9131,^ 
9132,  9133,  9134,^  9135,^  9136,^ 
9137, 9138,  9139,^9140,  9141,  9142, 
9143,  9144,  9145,  9146,  9147,  9148, 
9149,  9150,  9151,  9152,  9153,  9154, 

9155 
ALLEN,  M.,  15  Paternoster  Row  (see 
above).    1798 :  9275,  9276,  9277. 
1799:9338.    1800:  9541 
'  See  Index  of  Artists. 


ANDREWS,    G.,    Corner    of    Tyler 
Street,  Carnaby  Market    1794: 


ANGELO,  Mr.  H.,  II  Curzon  Street, 
Mayfair  and  at  the  Fencing  Aca- 
demy, Grace  Church  Street 
1798:  9238 

ARROWSMiTH,  A.,  5  Charles  Street, 
Soho   1798 :  9293 

BALDRY,    J.,''     Cambridge      1798: 

9308.    1799:9451,9452 
BANCE,  115  Rue  S.  Severin,  Paris 

1794 :  8463 
BLACKWOOD,    W.,    Edinburgh,   see 

MILLER 
BOWLES  AND  CARVER,  69   St.   Paul's 

Church  Yard  1793  :  8397,  8398, 
8399,  3765,  3767  (p-  69),  8415, 
8416,  8417, 8418, 8419, 8420.  1794  : 
3768  (p.  145),  8595-  1795:  8767  A, 
8768,8769.  1796:8917,8918,8919, 
8920,  8921.  1797:  9054,  9055, 
9098,  9099,  9100,  9101,  9102,  9103 

BOWLES,  Carington,  69  St.  Paul's 
Church  Yard    1793:8414 

BROWTM,  J.,  Bath   1799 :  9373 

BROWN,  John,  2  Adelphi  1793: 
8289 

BROV^Tsr,  W.,  King  Street,  Co  vent 
Garden  1794:8467.  1797:  9008, 
9008  A.    1798  :  9193.    1800  :  9567 

BROWN,  W.,  43  Rupert  Street  1794 : 
8491.    1795:8630 

CADELL  AND  DAViES,  Strand    1796: 

8791 

CAWSE,  J.'    1798:  9296 

CHALMER,  Francis,  Esq.,  of  Liver- 
pool   1798:9231 


DENT,  W.^  1793:  8291,  p.  19,  8321, 

8330.  8348,  8350,  8390 
DEPEUILLE,  Paris,  Rue  des  Mathurins 
St.  Jacques,  aux  deux  Pilastres 
d'Or     1794:  8518.     1796:  8833. 
1797:  9058.    1798:  9164 
*  1 1  Paternoster  Row.  '  Allen  &  West. 

738 


INDEX  OF  PRINTSELLERS  AND  PUBLISHERS 


DICKINSON,  W./ 53  Piccadilly  1795: 
8619 

DIGHTON,  R.2  1793:  8396.  1794: 
8526 

12   Charing  Cross  (number 

often  omitted)  8527.  1795 :  8625, 
8725,8726,8727,8766,8767.  1796: 
8866,8867,8868,8869,8912.  1797: 
8996,  9047,  9059,  9060,  9061. 
1798:  9163,  9216,  9222.  1799: 
9436,  9437.   Addenda:  9687 

DOW,  I.,  Durham  Yard   1798  :  9301 

DOWNS  or  DOWNES,  I.  or  J.,  240 
Strand    1793:8293.    1794:8432 

EVANS,  J.,  41  Long  Lane  1794: 
8594' 

FAIRBURN,  John,  1 46  Minories  1793 : 

8354 

FORES,  S.  W.,  3  Piccadilly  1793: 
8284,  8285,  8288,  8292,  8297,  8299, 
8302,  8305,  8311,  8312,  8313,  831S, 
8317,  8322,  8325,  8329,  8332, 
8333,  8335,  8338,  8340,  8341, 
8344, 8349, 8351, 8353  (3  Piccadilly 
and  51  St.  Paul's  Church  Yard), 
8355,  8366,  8373,  8376,  8377,  8378, 
8379,  8380,  8387,  8388,  8392, 
8393,  8400,  8401.  1794:  8421, 
8422,  8423,  8426,  8428,  8429,  8433, 
843s,  8436,  8446,  8458,  8468,  8469, 
8471,  8476,  8477,  8478,  8485,  8487, 
8490,  8502,  8503,8504,  8505,8514, 
8519,  8521,  8522,  8524,  8525,  8531, 
8532,  8533,  8535,  8541,  8542,  8543, 
8544,  8545,  8546,  8547  (3  Picca- 
dilly and  51  St.  Paul's  Church 
Yard),  8556,  8570,  8571.  1795: 
8597,  8607,  861 1,  8613,  8618,  8620, 
8626,  8632,  8633,  8634,  8635,  8643, 
8652 

50  Piccadilly  8646,  8650,  8660, 

8666,  8667,  8668,  8671,  8672,  8673, 
8676,  8679,  8686,  8687,  8688,  8689, 
8690,  8693,  8694,  8696,  8697,  8700, 
8701,  8703,  8705,  8706,  8708,  8724, 
8735,  8736,  8737,  8741,  8748,  8749, 
8756,  8757,  8758,  8759,  8760,  8761, 
8762,8763.  1796:8780,8781,8785, 
8788,  8792,  8795,  8796,  8799,  8801, 


8802,  8803,  8808,  8809,  8810,  8813, 
8821,  8824,  8829,  8830,  8831,  8832, 
8837,  8838,  8841,  8844,  8878,  8879, 
8880,  8882,  8894,  8902,  8903,  8904, 
8905,  8911,  8913,  8914,  8915,  8925, 
8926,8927,8928.  1797:8977,8982, 
8983, 8988,  8989,  8994, 8997,  8999, 
9000,    9001,    9005,    9007,    9015, 

9019  A  (1805),    9020,    9021,    9024, 

9026, 9028, 9030, 9031, 9034, 9035, 

9044,  9046,  9048,  9062,  9080,  9081, 

9088, 9092, 9093, 9094, 9095, 9096, 
9104, 9105, 9106, 9107, 9108, 9109. 
1798 :  9157,  9160,  9169, 9171, 9172, 
9175,  9192,  9194,  9203,  9204,  921S, 
9218,  9221,  9223,  9224,  9225,  9226, 
9227,  9237,  9239,  9241,  9242,  9247, 
9249,  9251,  9252,  9254,  9255,  9258, 
9259,  9265,  9266,  9267,  9273,  9274, 
9283,  9285,  9297,  9299,  9301,  9302, 
9303,  9304,  9305,  9310,  93".  9312, 
9313, 9314,  9321  (12  plates).  1799 : 
9336,  9337,  9339,  9340,  9342,  9343, 
9344,  9348,  9351,  9363,  9364,  9366, 
9367,  9382,  9383,  9385,  9387,  9391, 
9392,  9394,  9402,  9404,  9408,  9416, 
9418,  9419,  9420,  9421,  9422,  p. 
574,  9431,  9434,  9444,  9446  B,  9447, 
9455,  9456,  9457,  9458,  9459,  9463, 
9470,  9471,  9472,  9493.  1800: 
9508,  9512,  9515,  9521,  9526,  9527, 
9530,  9532,  9537,  9538,  9539,  9543, 
9544,  9545,  9549,  955°,  955i,  9574, 
9576,  9579,  9582,  9592,  9593,  9594, 
9595,  9600,  9601,  9602,  9603,  9604, 
9605,  9606,  9607,  9608,  9609,  9633, 
9634,  9635,  9636,  9637,  9638,  9639, 
9640,  9641,  9642,  9643,  9652,  9653, 
9655,  9664.  Addenda:  9678,  9680, 
9681,  9683,  9686 

GARBANETi,  J.,  Great  Russell  Street, 
Bedford  Square    1800 :  9536 

GiLLRAY,  James,^  27  St.  James's 
Street.     1798:  9180,  9181,  9182, 

9183 
GREGG,  L.,  Dean  Street,  Soho  1797 : 
9090 

HARDING,'  E.  &  S.,  Pall  Mall 
1795:8728.   1796:8870 


'  See  Index  of  Artists. 

*  See  Index  of  Persons,  Index  of  Artists. 

739 


»  With  T.  Prattent. 


INDEX  OF  PRINTSELLERS  AND  PUBLISHERS 


HARLOW,  E.,  Pall  Mall    1793 :  8309 
HARRIS,  J.,  29  Gerrard  Street,  Soho 

1800:9575 
HARWOOD,  John,  82  Newman  Street 

1829:  9614 
HERBERT,   I.  or  J.,   Great  Russell 

Street,  Bloomsbury  Square  1795  : 

8729 
HiNTON,   W.,    5    Sweetings  Alley, 

Royal  Exchange  Addenda:  9669, 

9670 
HixoN,   355   Strand,  near  Exeter- 
Change   1799  :  9469.   1800 :  95 1 1, 

9547,  9610 
HIXON,    W.,     13    Bridges    Street, 

Covent    Garden    {see    Newton) 

1800:  9516,  9517,  9520 
HIXON,   W.  &  J.  (see  above),    13 

Bridge^  Street  1800:  9525 
HOGG,  Alexander  1793 :  8319 
HOLLAND,  W.,'   50  Oxford  Street 

1793  :  8323, 8339, 8342,  8385, 8386. 

1794 :  8445, 8470, 8548, 8550, 8551, 

8552,8553,8554,8555,8569.  1795: 

8621,  8628,  8695,  8709,  8744,  8745, 

8746,8747,8751.  1796:8839,8843, 
8877,  8881,  8893,  8910.  1797: 
9013,  9022,  9027,  9036, 9038,  9040, 
9042,  9043, 9050,  9051, 9077, 9087. 
1798  :  9161, 9170, 9178, 9190, 9191, 
9195,  9233,  9279,  9280,  9281,  9289, 
9290,  9294.  1799:  9347,  9353, 
9354,  9393,  9397,  9398,  9406,  9407, 
9409,9411,9427,9428,9429,9432, 
9433,  9453,  9462  A.  1800:  9524, 
9529,  P-  617,  9580,  9649,  9650. 
Addenda:  9684,  9685 

HUMPHREY,  G.,  27  St.  James's  Street 
1822;  8382,  8383 

HUMPHREY,  H.,  18  Old  Bond  Street 
1793 :  8286, 8287, 8290, 8300, 8303, 
8304,  8310,  8316,  8318,  8320,  8327, 
8328,  8331,8336,  8346,  8347,  8352, 
8356,8381,8382,8389.  1794:8425, 
8430,  8431,  8437,  8438,  8439,  8440, 
8441,  8442,  8443,  8448,  8449,8450, 
8451,  8452,  8453,  845s,  8456,  8457, 
8461  — 37  New  Bond  Street  (num- 
ber sometimes  omitted)  8479, 8498, 
8499,  8557,  8560,  8561,  8565,  8566, 
8567  (18  Old  Bond  Street),  8568. 


1795 :  8599, 8600, 8601, 8602, 8603, 
8604,  8605,  8606,  8609,  8610,  8612, 
8614,  8615,  8616,  8617,  8624,  8627, 
8629,  8636,  8637,  8638,  8639,  8640, 
8641,  8642,  8644,  8647,  8648,  8649, 
8651,  8653,  8654,  8655,  8656,  8657, 
8658,  8659,  8662  (St.  James's 
Street,  a  reissue),  8665, 8681,  8682, 
8683,  8684,  8685,  8691,  8698,  8699, 
8704,  8707,  8714,  8715,  8716,  8717, 
8718,  8719,  8721,  8722,  8723,  8753, 
8754,  875s,  8764.  1796:  8779, 
8782,  8783,  8786,  8787,  8794,  8797, 
8798,  8800,  8804,  8805,  8806,  8807, 
88ii,  88i2,  8816,  8817,  8818,  8822, 
8822  A,  8823,  8825,  8826,  8827, 
8828,  8834,  8835,  8836,  8840,  8842, 
8876,  8885,  8886,  8887,  8888,  8889, 
8890,  8891,  8892,  8895,  8896,  8897, 
8898, 8899,  8900, 8906,  8907, 8908, 
8909.  1797:  8978,  8979,  8980, 
8981,  8984,  8985,  8986,  8987,  899c, 
8991,  8992,  8993,  8995,  9004,^ 
9006,^  9009^ 

—  27  St.  James's  Street  (number 
often  omitted)  9014,  9016,  9017 
(Old  Bond  Street),  9018,  9019, 
9023, 9037, 9039, 904s,  9049,  9064, 
9065,^  9066,  9067,  9068,  9069, 
9070,  9071,  9072,  9073,  9074,^ 
9076,  9078  (New  Bond  Street), 
9079,2  9082,  9083,  9084,2  9085, 
9097.  1798:  9156,  9167,  9168, 
9184,  9189,  9196,  9197,  9198,  9199, 
9200,  9201,  9202,  9205,  9208, 9209, 
9210,  9211,  9212,  9213,  9214,  9217, 
9219,  9228,  9229,  p.  460,  9230, 
9232,  9236,  9244,  9248,  9250,  9257, 
9260,  9263,  9268,  9269,  9271,  9272, 
9278,  9282,  9284,  9288,  9298,  9306, 
9307.  1799:  9341,  9352,  9355, 
9356,  9357,  9358,  9359,  9360,  9361, 
9369,  9374,  9375,  9376,  9377,  9378, 
9379,  9380,  9381,  9386,  9388,  9389, 
9390,  9396,  9401,  9403,  9410,  9412, 
9414,  9415,  9424,  9425,  9426,  9430. 
9438,  9439,  9440,  9441,  9442,  9448, 
9449, 9450, 9454-  1800  :  9509,  9510, 
9513,  95i9>  9522,  9523. 9533, 9534. 
9548,  9557,  9558,  9559,  9560,  9561, 
9562,  9563,  9564,  9565,  9566,  9577, 


'  See  Index  of  Persons. 

'  New  Bond  Street  and  St.  James's  Street. 

740 


INDEX  OF  PRINTSELLERS  AND  PUBLISHERS 


9581,  9583,  9584,  9585,  9586,  9587, 
9588,  9589,  9590,  9591,9596,  9597, 
9598,  9599 

JACKSON,  E.,  14  Marylebone  Street, 
Golden  Square.  Addenda:  9671 

JEE  AND  EGINTON    1794  :  8474,  8475 

JEFFRYES,  John,  Ludgate  Hill  1794 : 

8537, 8538 
JENNER,  J.,'  26  Crown  Court,  St. 

James's     1796:  8871    (with  W. 

Row) 
JOHNSON,  C.   1793 :  8324,  8371 
JONES,  B.,  Gray's  Inn  Lane   1798: 

9162 
JONES,  J.,  74  Great  Portland  Street 

1794:8539,8540 

KAY,  John  (of  Edinburgh),  pub- 
lisher of  his  own  plates  except 
8360,  8362' 

KNIGHT,  C,  Windsor   1799 :  9446 

LANE,  William,  Leadenhall  Street 
1793 :  8306,  8307,  8308,  8309 

LAURIE  AND  WHITTLE,  53  Fleet  Street 
1794 :  8460, 8558, 8573, 8574, 8575, 
8576,  8577,  8578,  8579,  8580,  8581, 
8582,  8583,  8584,  8585,  8586,  8587, 
8588,  8589,  8590,  8591,  8592,  8593, 
8596.  1795 :  8770, 8771,8772,8773, 
8774,8775,8776,8777,8778.  1796: 
8922,  8923,  8924.  1797:  9110, 
9111,  91x2,  9113,  9114.  1798: 
9173,  9174,  9185,  9322,  9323,  9324, 
9325,  9326,  9327,  9328,  9329,  9330, 
9331,9332,9333,9334,9335.  1799: 
9494,  9495,  9496,  9497,  9498,  9499, 
9500,  9501,  9502,  9503,  9504,  9505, 
9506.  1800  :  9658, 9659,  9660,  9661 

LEE,  Citizen,  at  The  British  Tree  of 
Liberty,  98  Berwick  Street,  Soho 
1793 :  8365 

LE  PETIT,  J.,  Capel  Street,  Dublin 
1800 :  9528 

LUFFMAN,  J,,'  Inner  Sweetings  Alley, 
Royal  Exchange  1800 :  9518 

MACERius,  J.,  London   1799 :  9373 
MARTINET,  Paris,  Rue  du  Coq  1798 : 
9165.2   1800  :  9554,2  ^^^^^2  ^^^52 


MASON,  Piccadilly   1796 :  8873 

MCCLEARY,  21  Nassau  Street,  Dublin 
1799:  9395.    1800:  9568 

MCQUIRE,  J.,  Burr  Street,  Leicester 
Square   1798:  9300 

MILLER,  John,  Bridge  Street  (with 
Blackwood) ,  publisher  of  copies  of 
plates  by  Gillray  in  1818  attri- 
buted in  the  Index  of  Artists  to 
G.  Cruikshank 

NEWTON,  R.,*  20  Walbrook  1794: 
8483.  1795 :  8663 
—  13  Bridges  or  Brydge  Street, 
Covent  Garden  1797  :  8998, 9003, 
9010,  901 1,  9025,  9029  ('at  his 
Original  Print  Shop  .  .  .'),  9032, 
9033,  9041,  9052,  9075.  1798: 
9158,  9159,  9177,  9188,  9309 

PEARCE,  70  Dean  Street,  Soho  1795  : 
8750 

PERIODICALS 

Anti-Jacobin  Magazine  &  Re- 
view, see  J.  Wright  and  J. 
Whittle 

Bon  Ton  Magazine  1794:8391. 
1794 :  8486 

Carlton  House  Magazine  1793  : 
8374.  1794:  8447,  8465,  8473, 
8482,  8489,  8495,  8501,  8528. 
1795:  8598,  8623,  8645,  8670, 
8677,  8678,  8680,  8702 

Hibertiian  Magazine  (T.  Walker, 
79  Dame  Street,  Dublin)  1794 : 
8466,  8481,  8562,  8563.  1795: 
8765.  1799:  9346,  9368,  9372, 
9460,  9461.    1800:  9514,  9531 

London  und  Paris,  see  Index  of 
Artists,  s.v.  Starcke 

New  Wonderful  Magazine   1794 : 

8530 
Ranger's  Magazine   1795 :  8622 
Wonderful  Magazine  (C.  Johnson 
succeeded  by  Alexander  Hogg) 
1793:8371,8375.   1794:8529 

PIERCY  AND  WOODHOUSE    1796  :  8872 

POTSLEY,  J.,  50  Pimlico   1795 :  8692 
PRATTENT,  T.,  46  Cloth  Fair   1793  : 

8402,   8403,   8404.     1794:    8497, 

8594' 


*  See  Index  of  Artists. 


*  Date  uncertain. 


3  With  J.  Evans. 


INDEX  OF  PRINTSELLERS  AND  PUBLISHERS 


RICHARDSON,  W.,  2  Castlc  Street, 
Leicester  Square  1795:  8740. 
1796 :  8883,  8884  (sold  at  82  Lom- 
bard Street).    1797  :  8875  A 

ROBERTS,  p.,  28  Middle  Row,  Hol- 
bom  1794:  8434,  8520.  1795: 
8712 

ROBERTSON,  J.,  Edinburgh  1793: 
8360 

ROW,  W.,  Great  Marlborough  Street 
1796 :  8871  (with  J.  Jenner) 

SAYER,  Robert,  &  Co.,  Fleet  Street 

1793 :  8408, 8409, 8410, 8411, 8412, 

8413.   1794:8572 
SHARPE,  J.    Addenda:  9667 
SHEPPARD,  C,   15  St.  Peter's  Hill, 

Doctors'  Commons   1794 :  8559 
siDEBOTHAM,  Lower  Sackville  Street, 

Dublin,  n.d:  9607  a 
SKIRVING,  W.,^  Edinburgh    1793: 

8362 
stampa,  p.,  3  Dorrington  Street, 

Leather  Lane   1800 :  9662 


STOCKDALE,   J.,   PiccadiUy'     1799: 
9405 

TURTON,    Rd,    Manchester     1794: 


WALKER,  Robert,  Harley  Street, 
Bath    1857 :  9321  (12  plates) 

WALLis,  John,  16  Ludgate  Street 
1794:8444.    1798:9176 

WHITTLE,  J,  or  T.,  Peterborough 
Court,  Fleet  Street   1799:  9345, 

9350,  9370,  9371,  9417 
WRIGHT,  J.,  169  Piccadilly    1798: 
9240,  9243,  9245,  9246,  9261,  9270 

ziEGLER,  L  C,  Broad  Street,  Soho 
1799:  p.  576 


Paris,  Rue  du  Theatre  Fran9ais,  4 
1796 :  8845 


*  See  Index  of  Persons. 


742 


PRINTED   IN 

GREAT  BRITAIN 

AT  THE 

UNIVERSITY   PRESS 

OXFORD 

BY 

JOHN  JOHNSON 

PRINTER 

TO  THE 

UNIVERSITY