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973.74
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Vol

1764764

REYNOLDS r'-:rTORlCAL
GENEALOGY COLLECTION

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

3 1833 01479 4819

CAYUGA IN THE FIELD.

A RECORD

OF THE \

19tl\ jNf. Y.Volui\teef^,

ALL THE BATTERIES OF THE

3D NEW YORK ARTILLERY,

AND

75TH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS,

COMPRISING AN

ACCOUNT 07 THEIR ORGANIZATION, CAMP LIFE, MARCHES,

BATTLES, LOSSES, TOILS AND TRIUMPHS IN THE

WAR FOR IHE UNION, WITH COMPLETE

ROLLS OF THEIR MEMBERS,

HENRY HALL AND JAMES HALL.

AUBURN, N. Y.
1873.

1764764

F Hall, Henry, IS'IS- %

8349 i

.537 Cayuga in the field. A record of I

the i9th N.Y. volunteers, all the. bat- ^

terles of the 3d New York artillery, and ^

75th Nev; York volunteers, comprising an i

. account of their organization, canp life, f

•Hn-pcARo marches, battles, losses, toils and tri- \
umphs in the war for the union, with |
complete rolls of their members, by Ken- !
ry Hall and James Hall. Auburn, N.Y., ;
1873. 2v.in /-^ 1. I

147909 NL 32-400

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by

HENRY and JAMES HALL,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United Sutes for the

Northern District of New York.

TRUAIR, SMITH & CO.,

Printer*, Stereotypers and Bock Bind-r-,

a] and Z4 Eaot Wash'n.ton St.,

Syracuse. N. Y. '

PREFACE.

Bright and honorable as is the record of Cayuga county in
the war for the Union, it has never yet been presented, even to
the soldiers themselves, in anything but a fragmentary and dis-
jointed form. The much felt and oft expressed necessity for its
embodiment as a whole has led to the undertaking of Cayuga
in the Field. The 19th Volunteers, the 3d New York Artillery,
which was organized from it^ and the 75th New York Vol-
unteers, having been raised during the first year of the war,
have historical precedence, and are naturally taken up first.
It is proper to state at the outset the fact that these regiments
were not composed exclusively of men from Cayuga county
With the fame of Cayuga's sons is indissolubly linked that of
many comrades from other localities. In this story of the origin
and services of these organizations, we have sought to make no
discrimination, but to do justice to all.

To prepare a mere chronicle has not been our only object.
In a war of any magnitude, ultimate victory is attained by the
scientific, systematic combination of the forces at command.
Owing to the secresy with which commanders veil their plans
the soldier rarely understands the part he is bearing in the
whole scheme. He knows not what he is accomplishing, hut
rather how he is accomplishing something. We have striven

6 PREFACE.

therefore, to present the services of our men in their relation of
a part to a whole.

It has also been our aim to depict to those who remained at
home the scenes in which our volunteers participated, and to
correct any misapprehension that may have existed at home in
regard to them.

In digesting and embodying the mass of material collected
for this work, it has been necessary to generalize to a large
extent, and, without neglecting minor details of camp life, the
march and the siege which are of special interest only to those
participating, to dwell with greater emphasis on the more im-
portant actions and events in the story of the regiments. It is
quite likely that the perusal of these pages will suggest to the
soldier many pleasant memories which have not found a place.
Yet, as the trellis lifts to the gaze and cherishing sunlight the
fragile vine which might otherwise be crushed by the foot or
choked by sturdier vegetation, so, it is hoped, this more substan-
tial frame work of history may rescue and even clothe itself with
fragmentary, clinging recollections.

The information afforded by this record has been derived
from innumerable sources. The authors have had access to
regimental records of the 75th ; the private and official papers
of Col. Babcock, and his unfinished manuscript history of the
Louisiana campaigns; the regimental records of the 19th and
3d, in possession of Col. Stewart ; the records and papers of
many batteries ; a large number of private diaries, letters and
copious personal recollections of officers and men of all three
commands ; the war records of the State and National govern-
ments ; besides receiving valuable correspondence from com-
manders of the departments, corps and brigades in which these
regiments served. With an earnest purpose to justly value

PREFACE.

personal services and all events and circumstances in the ex-
perience of these organizations, and to attain the utmost possible j
accuracy of statement, this chaotic mass of material has been j
reduced to order, the chaff carefully sifted out, and apparent i
differences reconciled ; and the result of twenty months of in- |
dustrious and conscientious labor is now submitted to the public. |

Of the varied assistance and personal encouragement which !
has been so generally and generously extended to this work, the j
authors herewith make their grateful acknowledgments, |

Soldiers and officers who discover inaccuracies in this work
will confer a personal favor by furnishing to the authors the
data to correct them.

Auburn, N. Y., June, 1873. a, ^ >

CAYUGA IN THE FIELD.

A RECORD

OF THE

19tl\ ]N[. Y. Voltiqteef ^

AND

3D New York Artillery,

COMPRISING AN

ACCOUNT OF THEIR ORGANIZATION, CAMP LIFE, MARCHES,

BATTLES, LOSSES, TOILS AND TRIUMPHS IN THE

WAR FOR THE UNION, WITH COMPLETE

ROLLS OF THEIR MEMBERS,

HENRY HALL

AUBURN, N. Y.
1873.

CONTENTS.

19TH INFANTRY AND 30 ARTILLERY.
I.

ORGANIZATION OF THE I9TH N. Y. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

The War Foreseen in Cayuga County — The County to Furnish
a Regiment — Forming the Companies — They Gatlier at El-
mira — The Old Barrel Factory — rOrganization — Col. Clark —
How the Colonel Bore Dispatches to Butler — Camp Happen-
ings— Muster In — Some One Blunders — The Shoddy Uni-
forms— Colors Presented — Orders to March.

ON KALORAMA HEIGHTS.

Departure of the Army — Gen. Patterson's Telegrams — Gen.
Scott's Counter-orders — Gloomy Reception in Baltimore —
Washington — In Camp of Instruction at Kalorama — Camp
Routine — New Muskets — The Shoddy Uniforms Wearing
Out — Review of New York Troops — Ordered to Join Patter-
son.

IIL

IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY.

The 19th New York leaves Kalorama — By Train to Hagerstown
— The First March — Fording the Potomac — March to Mar-

12 -'^'^ CONTENTS.

tinsburg — Kennedy's Exploit — Curiosity to See a Rebel —
Webster and Tobias See too Many — The 19th New Yorl< has
a Skirmish — Col. Clark Relieved of Command — Advance to
Bunker Hill — Forajjing — Anxious for a Fi^ht — Patterson's
Inertness — Sandford's Activity — The Flank March to Charles-
town — Patterson's Dramatics — Feeling in the Army — Capt.
Stewart Reports Johnston's Movement — Mementoes of John
Brown — Ledlie Shot At — At Harper's Ferry.

IV.

ALONG THE POTOMAC.

Patterson Relieved by Banks — Retreat to Pleasant Valley — On
Mar\-land Heights in Ambush — New Uniforms Arrive — Ken-
nedy's Raid on Lovettsville — The Talk About Going Home —
The Regiment Turned Over for the Whole Two Years — Poli-
ticians Keep Back the News — Seward's Order — To Kyatts-
ville — August 2 2d — Brutal Treatment by the Authorities —
The Recusants — Guarding the Division Supply Train — (Con-
solidation Talked Of — Desertions — Col. Clark Resigns — Con-
version to Artillery — At Frederick — Sent to Hancock —
Stalker's Case — To Washington.

ORGANIZATION OF THE 3D N. Y. VOL. ARTILLERY.

The New Companies of the 3d New York Artillery — The Old
and New Join — Proceed to Fort Corcoran — The Fort, Camp,
and Locality — Organisation of the Regiment — Kennedy's
Battery — .Accident- Arresting the Administration — Sick of
Porter's Division on Dr. Dimon's hands — The Regiment to
go to North Carolina — Marches to Annapolis — Embarks —
Arrival at Newbern.

VI.

AT NEWBERN.

Burnside's C<">ist Division — North Carolina's V.ilue to the Con-
fcdt-racy — Arrival of the 3d ,-\rtiIle.-y in Ncwhern — Fortifying
— Dct.'iil for Special Service — Sciienck's Scout — Mouniingthe
Light B.itlcr;es — Exploits — A Grand Expedition Ordered —

CONTENTS. 13

Burnside Called Away — The Fortifications — Stewart, Chief
.Engineer — Paying the Contrabands — The Health of the Regi-
ment.

VIL

FORT MACON, WASHINGTON, AND RAWLES' MILLS.

Amnion Ordered to Fort Macon — The Fort — The Siege — Death
of Dart — Macon Surrenders — Testimonials to Battery I —
Battery G goes to Washington, N. C. — Prevalence of Malaria
— The Rebels Surprise the Town — Desperate Fight — Sudden
Advent of Battery H — Our Victory — 'i'he Losses — 'J'he Tar-
boro Expedition — Rawles' Mills — A Grand Scare.

VIII.

poster's expedition to goldsboro.

Foster's Orders — Organization of the Column — The Advance —
Obstructions at Deep Gully — Capture of a Redoubt at South
West Creek — Lieut.-Col. S'lewart in a Hot Place — Battle of
Kinston — Saving the Bridge — M9rrison's Prisoners — Advance
into the Town — Dash at the Blockade — The Spoils — Advance
to Whitehall— The Battle— Mercer^au's Shot— Dea:h of Hack-
ett and Ryan — On to Goldsboro — Burning the Bridge — Axmy
Commences to Return — Attack on the Rear Guard — Morri-
son's Splendid Achievement Sundry Cavalry Dashes — Wad-
ing a Mill Stream — 'I'hrough Burning Woods — Return to
Newburn — Foster's Thanks.

IX.

north CAROLINA IN 1S63.

Current Events— -Ammon on Recruiting Service— Capt. Howell—
Ledlie Promoted — His Order— Stewart in Command — Attack
on Newbern— Rebels Kepulsed — They Attack Washington —
The Siege — Incidents — Enemy Again Foiled — 1 wo Years'
Men Go Home — Schenck and Hov.-ell in New York in the
Riots— Reception in Auburn — Col. JStewart Recruiting — Cur-
rent Events.

14 CONTENTS.

BEFORE CHARLESTON.

Foster's Expedition to Charleston — The Artillery Brigade

Hunter Absorbs Foster's Troops — In Camp on St. Helena

The Tent with the Barrel in it— Du Font's Attack on Charles-
ton— Batteries B and F on Folly Island — Return of the other
Batteries to Newbern — Capture of Morris Island— Siege of
Fort Wagner — B and F on the Lines — Battery B and the
Regulars— B Builds a Breastwork at Night — Capture of Wag-
ner— B and F Bombard Sumter at Night — The Two Expedi-
tions to Johns Island — Incidents — The 3d Artillery Saves the
Army — Battle of Bloody Bridge.

XI.

NORTH CAROLINA AGAIN.

North Carolina has Thought of Returning to the Old Wavs

Jeff. Davis Proposes to Crush that Spirit Out — Gen. Peck's
Alarm — Attack on Newbern of February, 1864 — Mercereau
in the Fight — Capture of the Underwriter — Kirby in a Ti^-ht
Place— Fate of the Bay Section — To Virginia — Hoke Turns

Up Again — The Union Cause Suffers— The Yellow Fever

Death of Lieut. Col. Stone — Capture of Major Jenny — Arri-
va! of Recruits— Battery A goes to Plymouth— The Night
March — How a Prize was Lost — Battery I Joins Frankle—
Chicken Raid — Other Raids.

xn.

CO-OPER.\TING WITH SHERMAN.

Battery F at Jacksonville — Beauties of the Region — Titus's
Thanksgiving Dinner— Foster to Co-operate with Gen. Sher-
man— Getting Ready for the Eixpedition— At Bovd's Neck

A Day Wasted — Advancing on Grahamville— Battle of Honev
Hill— Death of Wildt— B and F in the Fight — Foster Tries

Again— .Advance to Devaux Neck— F in a Hot Skirmish

Shelling the Railroad— Sherman Heard From— B Comes Up
— Evacuation by the Eneniv — Sherman's March to the North
— H-atch Advances on Charleston— Bringing in Deserted

CONTENTS.

Guns — The 3d Artillery in Charleston — Carrying out Flags of
Truce — Capture of Gov. Magrath.

XIII.

WITH BUTLER.

Generalities — K and M to go to Virginia — Butler Wants More
Batteries — E and K Sent to Him — Major Schenck — The Ad-
vance on Richmond — At Bermuda Hundreds — E Shells Fort
Clinton — Tearing Up the Railroad — On to Richmond — Fight
at Half Way House— On the Lines Before Drury's Bluff— A
Telegraph Put to Good Use — The Army of the James Sur-
prised— Charge on Battery E — A Bloody Fight — Out of Am-
munition— Ashby Down — Driven Back — The Losses — Butler
"Bottled Up"— M at Fort Powhatan, and Wilson's Landing—
K at Spring Hill — Has a Fight — Gilmore's Attack on Pe-
tersburg— Smith Attacks — K Shelling Batteries No. 11 and
12 — The 1 8th Corps Carries the Works.

XIV.

SIEGE OF PETERSBURG AND RICHMOND.

The i8th Corps Reinforced by the Army of the Potomac — E
and K Shelling the River Batteries — The Walthal House —
The Siege Begins-— E Throws Shells into Petersburg — Con-
tinual Shelling — E and K Fire in Concert — K Moves at Night
to the Page House — Arrival of Battery K— E Sends a Sec-
tion to the Hare House— The Daily Battles— The Mine— K
Fires the City— M on the Lines— The Batteries Sent Back to
Rest— Again at the Front — The Works — The Countermine-
Various Bombardments — Capture of Fort Harrison — Rebels
Attempt to Retake It— K Saves the Fort— On the Richmond
Lines — E's Fight with the Iron Clads — Events of the Winter
— The End Near at Hand — Evacuation of Richmond — K"s
Race — Occupation of Richmond.

XV. ■

IN THE ARMY OF THE OHIO.

Schofield in North Carolina — Sherman's Engineers Study the
Bridge Question— Stewart's Map— Band-Box Artillery— Tiie

r ;J .1

l6 CONTENTS.

Movement on Goldsboro — At Wise's Forks — Intrenching in
the Woods — The Desperate Assaults of Hoke — The Band-
box Artillery Repulsing a Surprise — In Kinston — Advance to
Goldsboro — P^oraging — The Signal Guns — Sherman's Bum-
mers— Junction with Sherman — Advance to Raleigh — Surren-
der of Kinston — The Great Review — Return to Newbern —
Schofield's Farewell.

XVI.

MUSTERING OUT — GENERAL STATISTICS.

Muster Out Statistics — The Battles of the Regiment — General
Reflections.

XVII.

MUSTER ROLLS.

ORGANIZATION OF THE 19TH N. Y. VOL. INFANTRY.

The War FoTeseen in Cayuga County — The County to Furnish a Regiment —
Forming the Companies — They Gather at Elmira — The Old Barrel Factory
— Organization — Col. Clark— How the Colonel "Bore Dispatches to Butler —
Camp Happenings — Muster In — Some One Blunders — The Shoddy Uniforms
Colors Presented — Orders to March.

One of the most remarkable features of our late Civil War
was the indolent apathy, with which the Northern States of the
Union awaited the culmination of the secession of the South
in an open rebellion against the laws and authority of the
General Government. States seldom look with so much com-
placence on the formation of such extensive and dangerous
combinations against them on their own territory. In all the
North this apathy was no where so great as in New York. The
people believed there would be no war even after the secession
The militia establishment of the State, long neglected, run down,
half disbanded, only kept dully alive by the activity and the
purses of a few martial spirits in the principal cities, therefore,
received no general attention. The ranks of skeleton regiments
were not replenished. No new regiments were organized. The
few full regiments were not called upon to prepare for a possible
demand upon them for active service.

In the populous inland County of Cayuga, the possibility ot
war had, however, been considered. Her people comprised
many distinguished men, who mingled in public attairs, and were
accustomed narrowly to analyze questions atfecting the weltare

1 8 I9TH NEW- YORK INFANTRY,

of the nation. The city of Auburn, her capital, was the home
of the great statesman, Wm. H. Seward, who had proclaimed
the doctrine of the '' irrepressible conflict " between Freedom
and Slaver}', and with whom the leading minds of Cayuga
County were in constant intercourse. As early as December,
i860, Benj. F. Hall, Esq., of Auburn, editor of a Republican
daily newspaper, the Union, an intimate friend of Gov. Seward,
of his own accord went before the Supervisors of the County,
then in session, and invited them to anticipate the expected con-
flict by taking some action that would secure military prepara-
tions. This act was historical. It was the first of the kind in
the State. In January following, Solomon Giles, Esq., a lawyer
of the village of VVeedsport, and Capt. Terence J. Kennedy, of
Auburn, a paint merchant by occupation, and an artillery officer
in the militia of long standing, tendered their services to the
Governor of the States for raising troops. No affirmative action
was taken in these cases. The necessity of it was doubted.
The suggestion of Mr. Hall was ridiculed by the people and
press of the whole State.

A memorable Saturday in April, 1861, awoke the people of
the North from their long dream of Peace. Fort Sumter had
been attacked by the rebels and captured.

On Monday, April 15th, President Lincoln proclaimed the re-
bellion, and called the country to arms.

The North was required instantly to detach from its militia
forces 75,000 men to serve as infantry, or riflemen, for three
months, and dispatch them with all haste to the National Capi-
tal, to capture which next, it was supposed, the rebels would
make a rush. The State of New York was to furnish towards
this army the large proportion of 13,260 men, or 17 regiments,
each 780 strong. An immense reaction took place in the North
at the call. A wave of enthusiasm swept every State, obliterat-
ing for a moment all party distmctions, and it was the cry of men
of all classes, politics and creeds, " The Union of States must
and shall be preserved, whatever the hazards." In three days,
battalions and regiments were rushing on express trains from all
quarters to the defense of Washington.

There then existed in Auburn the headquarters of a regiment
of militia, designated as the 49th, commanded by Col. John A.
Dodge. It had once been a large, strong, well-trained organiza-
tion of wide celebrity, but now boasted the possession only of
four active companies. In addition to the regular companies of
the regiment, there had been attached to it, in previous years, a
battery of light artillery, under Capt. Kennedy, a splendid

RAISING THE CAYUGA COMPANIES. I9

officer, and a cadet company under command of Capt. John H. 1
Ammon, but both at this time were practically disbanded. Be- ]
fore the sun had set on April 15th in Auburn, friends of Gov. |
Seward had given expression to a wish that, in honor of that '
great statesman, Cayuga County might send out to the war, un- I
der the call for 75,000 men, a complete regiment. The patriotic i
idea was caught up with the greatest enthusiasm and flew like I
wildfire through city and county. The first proposition was to \
recruit the 49th Militia to 1,000 men immediately and tender it j
to the Government as Cayuga's loyal offering. A meeting of the \
officers of the 49th, April i6th, formally resolved on this course. |
But our Legislature, that same day, passed a law requiring the \
organization in this State of a force of 30,000 volunteers, inde- \
pendent of the Militia, to be enrolled for two years, from which \
force should be detached the regiments called for by the Gov- i
emment, and as many more as should be needed. Militia regi- j
ments already sent forward were to be withdrawn as last as the |
volunteers were organized. Mobilization of the 49th was i
abandoned the day after it was begun. Its officers and the peo- I
pie of Cayuga resolved spontaneously on the formation of a reg-
iment of volunteers. On April 17th, enlistment offices were
opened in the State Armory, at Auburn, followed in a week's
time by others in the villages of Moravia, VVeedsport and Union
Springs. In twenty-three days- the regiment was raised.

Before recounting further details, let historical justice be done
to the 49th Militia. That organization never took the field
against rebels. Yet it must be remembered, that the Caj'uga
volunteers received from it, at the very outset, six captains, sev-
eral lieutenants and staff officers, and a numerous contribution
of men, highly trained and of invaluable military experience.
The 49th Militia was the military parent of Caj'uga's first regi-
ment of volunteers.

Capt. T. J. Kennedy, of Auburn, tendered his services to Gov.
Morgan for the enlistment of troops, Jan. nth, 1861. Thank-
ing him for the patriotic offer, the Governor declined the ten-
dered service on the grounds that troops were not then needed.
Our newspaper press of the North, in January 1861, scouted the
thought of war, and it required more heroism than the Governor
possessed to authorize what Capt. Kennedy proposed. The
Captain, however, was a close student of public affairs, and was
convinced that he was right. He resolved to act, though
unauthorized. March 12, he began the formation of an artillery
company in Auburn, to be held in readiness for service in case
of an outbreak in the South. An enlistment paper was pre-

20 IQTH NEW- YORK INFANTRY.

pared in these words : "We, the Undersigned, hereby pledge
our Words of Honor to associate ourselves together, for the pur-
pose of forming a light artillery company, to serve as long as the
war shall last." It was signed by Kennedy first, then by John
Poison. In the course of twenty days, five men signed it. Then
enlistments began to come in briskly. After the capture of
Sumter, an office was opened in the Armory. By April 17th,
Kennedy had 130 men. Next day he heard by letter from Gov.
Morgan, that the State could accept infantry only. Disbanding
his company, he began again. Forty of the artillerymen re-en-
listed. By the 22d of April, such was Capt. Kennedy's reputa-
tion and the esteem in which he was held, he had the honor of
reporting again to Albany the enrollment of Cayuga's first full
company of volunteers. He lost the full benefit of the achieve-
ment, however, by delay in making out correct, formal papers,
which resulted in his muster into the State service second, in-
stead of first, of the Cayuga companies. Brig.-Gen. Jesse
Segoine, of the Militia, had been designated as the Mustering
Officer of Central New York. By him, April 24, Kennedy was
legally accepted and sworn in, with Lieutenants John Poison and
Henry C Day, and a company of 74 men of magnificient physi-
que and appearance. Seventy-four men was the maximum
then allowed by law. The surplus went into other companies.

John T. Baker, Captain of the Auburn Guard in the 49th New
York M., began enrolling volunteers, April 17th. He was a
dashing, handsome officer, portly, dark featured, very popular,
and had seen service in the U. S. Navy, on the frigate " Poto-
nuu" and in the Patriot war. His company filled rapidly.
Little effort was required to obtain men, and less expense. No
bounties were ottered. Very little personal solicitation was re
sorted to. The men enlisted from a sense of duty, prompted
somewhat by a love of novelty and adventure. They comprised
some of the best blood of Auburn and Cayuga County, and, as
a class, were intelligent and industrious men. This was true of
all the companies of the Cayuga regiment. Capt. Baker, with
Lieuts. Chas. White and Martin Laughlin, and a full company
was mustered in April 24th, by Gen. Segoine.

James E. Ashcroft, dentist, of Seneca Falls, had for some time
commanded a celebrated independent Zouave organization in
that village, of such remarkable proficiency in the light infantry
tactics, that it was accustomed to give public exhibitions of its
skill. In November, i860, Capt. Ashcroft tendered his company
to the Governor, to go into the field in case of war. It was not
accepted. In April, 1S61, these Zouaves had been to Geneva

RAISING THE COMPANIES. 21

and Canandaigua giving exhibitions, when, on reaching home,
they heard of the capture of Fort Sumter. Their popular and
brave commander immediately began to raise a company of vol- \
unteers. Some of his Zouaves went with him in the patriotic i
undertaking, and on April 26th he was mustered into the State ]
service with a full company of men. His lieutenants were j
faithful soldiers — S. Clark Day and Charles B. Randolph. i

In Auburn, an Irish company was enrolled by sturdy Owen 1
Gavigan, one of the fighting captains of old Cayuga. It was i
obtained in one day, on that memorable Sunday, April 21st, {
That day Auburn was filled with almost tumultuous excitement i
and patriotic ardor. War meetings were held in the streets, i
some old six-pound cannon in the Armory were dragged out \
by Kennedy's men and fired, and flags floated from stores, houses j
and spires all over the city. The clergy preached strong ser- ]
mons on the duty of preserving the Union. At the Church of \
the Holy Family, that true patriot and talented preacher, Father i
Michael Creedon, made a powerful address, and exhorted Irish- \
men to enroll themselves among the defenders of the Union and ]
upholders of Liberty. This was in the old church on Chapel 1
street. After mass, sixty-five men went to the new church and |
enlisted, and afterwards marching to the Armory in a body they I
elected officers and organized. Wm. H. Boyle and Luke Bran- 1
nick were made lieutenants. I

The next company was enrolled in Auburn by a rising young j
member of the bar by the name of Theodore H. Schenck, a^en- 1
tleman of fine talents and education, who made one of the most j
gallant and efficient soldiers in the regiment, and was a decided \
acquisition to its corps of officers. The company organized in \
five days. It was mustered in April 25th, with Lieuts. David |
A. Taylor and E. C. Burtis. At Elmira Lieut. Burtis resigned, \
and was succeeded by Lieut. J. Fred Dennis. |

The loyal rural towns of south Cayuga now contributed a com- t
pany to the regiment, raised through the exertions of two able j
and influential nren. Nelson T. Stephens, Esq., a lawyer of rep- ]
utation, and Watson C. Squire, a scholarly gentleman, principal 1

of the Moravia Acadefny. Moravia had held many war meet- \

ings with great enthusiasm, but there were no enlistments. One j
night, Mr. Squire was chairman of a war meeting, Mr. Stephens j

acting as secretary. Sitting at arable together in the hail, these \

gentlemen remarked the hanging back of the young men, Tliey J

saw an example was needed. They agreed to enlist, and an- ]

nounced the fact to the meeting. The effect was miLjicil.
Forty of the best young men of the town signed the enlistment

22 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

paper forthwith, and in a very few days Moravia had a full com-
pany. On May 6th the company took the oath of service with
Mr. Stephens as Captain, and Lieuts. W. C. Squire and Edward
D. Parker. For a time the choice of the Captaincy wavered be-
tween Mr. Stephens and Mr. Squire, but the latter withdrew
from a contest with a man of the culture, ability and experience
of his colleague, and the choice was made as stated.

And now the volunteers were reinforced by a War Democrat
of Auburn — that sturdy soldier and patriot, Capt. Charles H.
Stewart, commanding the Willard Guard, Company D of the
49th Militia. The Willard sustained at this time, as they have
ever since, the reputation of being the crack company of the
regiment, and Capt. Stewart wanted to lead the corps to the war
intact, as, had the regiment gone en masse, he would have done.
Since it was not to be, he called the company under arms April
24th, paraded it in the streets of the city, and made a speech to
it from the old Exchange Hotel steps. He told the men he
proposed to volunteer. Any or all his old comrades that wanted
to go he should like to have join him.

Then marching to the Armory, he began recruiting. Some of
the Willards joined him. Before night he had organized a
splendid company of men. He was mustered in with it. May
6th, with Lieuts. John Wall and Antoine K Robinson.

Capt Solomon Giles, a lawyer of the village of Wesdsport,
gave to the regiment its eighth company. He was the second
Cayuga county man who tendered his services to the Governor
in expectation of war. His tender was about January 20th, 186 1.
The Weedsport company was mustered in May 7th, with Capt.
Giles and Lieuts. Augustus Field and Marquis D. Nichols.

Capt John H. Ammon's company raised in Auburn, with Geo.
W. Thomas and R. B. Kimberly as Lieutenants, was mustered
in May 7th.

Last but not least, a splendid company organized under Capt.
James R. Angel in Union Springs, with A. H. Carr and Lester
W. Forsting as Lieutenants. It mustered in May loth, com-
pleting the Cayuga regiment.

In the organization of these companies loyal citizens actively
aided by all the devices ardent patriotism could suggest. War
meetings were held in all parts of the county. VVar sermons
were preached. Swords and uniforms were presented to officers,
revolvers to the men. Volunteers were subsisted by citizens
without expense while they were awaiting orders to march. In
Auburn nearly $6,000 was subscribed for the benefit of families
of volunteers \ $3,000 in Port Byron, and large sums in other

LOYAL CITIZENS HELP ON THE WORK.

places. Among the most zealous in this patriotic work were
Geo. Humphreys, Mayor of Auburn; Gen. Segoine, Benj. F. )
Hall, Charles P. Wood, Theo. M. Pomeroy, Wm. C. Beardslev, 1
Dr. Theo. Dimon, Wm. Allen, E. A. Thomas, Rev. Dr. Charles \
Hawley, Rev, Henry Fowler, Rev. B. I. Ives, Dr. S. Willard, \
Father Creedon, Benj. B. Snow, Geo. P. Letchworth, Richard I
Steel, C. Morgan, Rev. Day K. Lee, Geo. O. Rathbun, Theo. l\ \
Case, Geo. Rathbun, Wm. P. Robinson, E. G. Storke, A. H. \
Goss, C. H. Merriman, J. R. Cox, E. H. Avery, of Auburn ; !
Henry Morgan, Edwin B. Morgan, of Aurora ; H. V. Rowland, 1
W. A. Halsey, F. M. King, of Port Byron ; John L. Parker, of \
Moravia ; Rev. S. S. Goss, and others. \

When volunteering began, many of our citizens desired to j
encamp the Cayuga regiment in Auburn until organized, clothed |
and equipped. A gloomy chapter in its history would have j
been avoided had this been done ; but the volunteers were 1
opposed to it. The law designated Elmira as the rendezvous j
and our soldiers were ambitious to be there among the foremost. j
Companies hurried thither in consequence as fast as formed. ]

Capt. O'Brien with an Oswego company was the first at the 1
Elmira rendezvous. Close at his heels was Capt. Ashcroft, j
arriving April 27th, at eleven p. m. For a day or two these two j
small, gallant bands of men enjoyed the distinction of being the j
only volunteers in a city, which, ere long, would resound with |
the tramp of whole patriotic brigades. i

Cayuga's first three hundred reached Elmira, by cars from l
Auburn, late at night, Monday, April 29th. Baker commanded, j
as senior Captain, his company, with those of Kennedy, Gavigan {
and Schenck constituting the detachment. Tumbling from the j
train as it came to a halt in the Erie depot, the men formed in |
column under the escort of the Auburn Brass Band. There was i
little of an impressive character in its appearance as this |
detachment, tired, sleepy and straggling, stumbled through »
gloomy and deserted streets in the direction of the quarters |
assigned it by Gen. VanValkenburg, commanding the post. Cl.id |
in citizen's dress, no two alike, with hats slouched over their heavy j
eyes, pants tucked in their boots, and equipped with nothing more j
warlike than bundles tied up in bandanna handkerchiefs, carpet 1
bags and clay pipes, they bore no promise then of that splendid |
reputation for discipline and efficiency, that made their regiment
famous from Virginia to Florida later in the war. The officers
only wore uniforms and arms.

Under the guidance of a staff officer, the detachment marched
to the junction of Fifth Street and Railroad Avenue, two blucks

24 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

west of the depot Here loomed dimly up to view in the enfold-
ing darkness, that renowned and ancient pile entitled the
Old Barrel Factory of Elmira, known in military circles as
Barracks No. One. Two stories and a half high, large, long
and roomy, it stood in a large enclosure, on the east side of, and
facing the street, and at right angles to the Erie railroad track,,
which ran along by the north side of the yard. Here the new
comers found the Oswego and Seneca Falls men, who had sat
up to welcome them, and now turned out in great excitement
and joy to give them a hospitable reception.

A soldier's ration of cold meat, mush, bread and coffee was
speedily issued and eagerly eaten, for the men were famished.
Double blankets were then given out. Straw shaken down on
the floors made bedding, and Capt. Baker was directed to make
his men comfortable for the night. It was rough accommoda-
tion for those who had left lu.xurious feather beds and snowy
sheets the day before, but the straw was dry and abundant and
the volunteers were tired, and they betook themselves to it with
great satisfaction. Gen. Van Valkenburg and Chas. B. Walker,
his Adjutant General, saw all arrangements made in person.
They did not leave till 2 a. m.,' when the last Cayugan had
pulled his dark brown blanket around him and nestled down to
dreams in the straw, with the proud reflection of having beaten
the whole of Western New York at the rendezvous, excepting
only his comrades from Oswego and Seneca Falls. During
the night, train after train thundered by on the railroad, with
clang of bell and roar of wheels, shaking the building till it
rattled^ but that was a music all soon became accustomed to,
and it ceased to disturb them.

Capt Baker, placed in command of Rirracks No. One, next
day drew on the Quartermaster of the post for lumber, and pro-
vided the barracks with all needed appointments. Bunks were
built, partitions were put up to separate company and officer's
rooms ; rough sheds were erected in the yard for mess houses,
and a guard house and other buildings were introduced, as they
came to be needed. Everything was roughly bulk, but answered
the purposes they were intended for. Troops were pouring into
Elmira so fast, that the General commanding could but barely
provide accommodations for them, even in the most general
manner. By May ist, he had eight regiments on his hands and
volunteers were arriving by hundreds every day.

May 9th, Capts. Stewart, Giles and Ammon arrived to the
great joy of the Cayugans, who impatiently awaited the time
when the regiment would be organized. The new companies

ARRIVAL OF MORE COMPANIES. 2$

were quartered in Beecher's church several days before rooms

could be provided for them at the Barrel Factory. Capt. Stephens 1

arrived on the loth, was quartered a short time in a public ]

hall, and was then transferred to the barracks of the Cayugas. |

Capt Angel arrived on the nth. j

Companies from other counties were crowded into the Barrel • j

Factory also for a short time. Among them was one from Wa- j

terloo. It lodged in the loft of the Barracks, next the roof. j

The lower story men called it "The Swallows." At one time, |

Capt. Baker, as commandant of these Barracks, had 900 men |

under his supervision. 1

Capt. Ashcroft did not at first design entering the Cayuga j

regiment. He was solicited to join a command being organized I

under Adj.-Gen. Townsend, and was promised a field officer's 1

commission. He was finally persuaded to join our reg- |

iment. At one time, a Lima company proposed to go in, in \

Ashcroft's stead. But the Lima Captain heard an Auburn officer \

swear. His men would not serve among those from whom there |

was danger of hearing profanity. So they went into the regi- \

ment of Col. Joe Chambers. It was hard luck for them. j

Chambers afterwards, in his stuttering manner, alluded to them |

affectionately as " those darned pious cusses." This Chambers, j
by the way, tried to get some of the Cayuga companies into his
regiment, Stephens' particularly. He promised Stephens a Ma-
jor's commission.

May 14th, the State Military Board, in session at Albany, re-
solved on motion of the Attorney-General : —

" That the companies commanded by Captains John T. Baker,
Owen Gavigan, Thomas H. Schenck, Charles H. Stewart, J no.
H. Ammon, Solomon Giles, Nelson T. Stephens, J. E. Ashcroft,
T. J. Kennedy and J. R. Angel, be severally accepted and formed
into a regiment to be numbered No. 19, and that orders be forth-
with issued for the election of regimental officers thereof."

This put an end to Col. Chambers's figuring for any of the
Cayuga men.

The election took place at the headquarters of Gen. Van Val-
kenburg, in the Brainard Block, preliminary to which a caucus was
first held in a private room. Captains O'Brien, Chambers and
others were present. Several citizens of Auburn, also, 1 heo.
M. Pomeroy, Wm. C. Beardsley, Benj. F. Hall, Dr. Dimon, Wm.
H. Carpenter, Geo. VV. Peck and others. A general discussion took
place. Many names were proposed, especially for the Colonelcv.
Col. John A. Dodge, of Auburn, had the honor of being promi-

26 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

nently spoken of. Horace V. Rowland was also named. Some
of the officers thought of that staunch old war horse, Gen. Segoine,
who, they believed, was capable of taking the regiment like a
whirlwind through rebeldom to the Gulf. Captains O'Brien and
Chambers had aspirations to the command, but they were hope-
lessly wrecked in the discussion. Captains Stephens and Giles
presented the name of John S. Clark, which received the earnest
endorsement of the committee from Auburn.

Major Clark was a native of Cayuga county, resident at
Auburn, a "civil engineer of experience. He was tall, stalwart,
rugged- Energy, positiveness of character and iron will were
written on every feature of his bold countenance. He wore no
beard and was stern, imperious and peculiar in manner, though
possessing a kindly heart. In April, happening to be in Wash-^
ington, he shouldered a musket in Cassius M. Clay's famous
battalion for the defense of the Capital in that hour of anxiety
and peril. He served therein till, upon the arrival of troops, it
was disbanded. Magruder's regular battery of artillery was for
a time the only other defense of Washington. One day, Major
Clark learned from Hon. Fred. W. Seward, Assistant Secretary
of State, the painful anxiety of the Government at being cut off
from the North. No tidings had been received for several days.
Baltimore rebels had cut off the telegraph wires in all directions,
and stopped the trains. Of eleven messengers sent out by the
Government, ten had been turned back and one captured. Major
Clark promptly offered to attempt any service for the Govern-
ment and said he thought he could get through. Mr, Seward
was very much pleased. After consultation, he brought Major
Clark verbal orders from the President to Gen. Butler, to come
through, by any route, as quick as he could. Leaving his valu-
ables with D. C. Littlejohn, then in Washington, Major Clark
drove at sunset out to Bladensburg, Then he struck across the
country on foot Reaching the Patuxent, he found rebels at
each bridge with bonfires. Crossing the river on a log, the
wafer being ice cold, nearly freezing him, he pushed on, and
reached Chesapeake bay at daylight, having walked forty miles.
A negro took him to the frigate Constitution. Commodore Rod-
gers at once sent him in a barge to Annapolis, where he found
Butler, and delivered his orders. He returned to Washington on
foot with the 7th New York, carrying a musket all the way. The
arrival of Butler was hailed with rapture in the Capital, and
Major Clark's courageous service was the themeof every tongue.
The proposition to place him at the head of the Cayuga regi-
ment was acquiesced in by the officers in session at Elmira. The

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 27

Other field officers were then quickly agreed upon. When the
caucus closed, the officers repaired to Gen. Van Valkenburg's |
office and deposited their formal ballot. Clark was elected ]
Colonel, three voices dissenting. The choice was then made j
unanimous by acclamation. ^

For Lieutenant-Colonel the choice fell unanimously on Liar- |
ence A. Seward, Esq., of New York, a scholarly and affable j
gentleman, a lawyer and a nephew of Secretary Seward. No j
man in the regiment ever enjoyed a more thorough popularity j
during his stay in it than he. j

For Major,' the choice was unanimous for James H. Ledlie, ]
of Auburn. Major Ledlie boasted an Irish descent. He was j
a young man of medium stature, well proportioned, graceful, |
with a dark, flashing eye, possessing an active mind and bril- \
liant talent as a civil engineer and a politician. His most strik- |
ing characteristics were his remarkable affability and dignity. j
The Cayuga regiment always loved and warmly admired him. j

Special Order, No. 195, A. G. S. N. Y., May 17th, conftrmed j
the field officers designated above. Col. Clark arrived on |
the i8th. The staff of the regiment was then appointed as
follows : — ui I

Surgeon— Theo. Dimon, M. D., of Auburn; a thoroughly |
competent Surgeon, and a gentleman of unusual ability and j
force of character. He had had the previous experience ot ,
service on Gov. Burnett's staff in California, and in the Physi- |
cianship of Auburn Prison. The men always found him a kind j
and true friend. ' -> f 1

Assisfani-Surgt:m—Ben]2imin Howard, M. D. ; a Surgeon ot j
extensive practice in New York city, London and Paris. |

Quar/er-masfer— John Chedell, of xVuburn ; a dashing, ener- j
■ getic, popular fellow, of good qualities socially and otherwise. \

Quarter-mast€r-Sergeant—V>tx\x\\% Sheil, of Auburn ; a young j
and able Irishman, a faithful and good soldier. j

Sergeant- Major— Ch^xX&s Tomlinson, of Auburn ; a popular,
hard-working and competent officer. j

Chaplain— ^^w Henry Fowler, of Auburn ; a man that all j
loved for his ability and e.xcellence of character. \

State Paymaster— ?2m\ C. Woodruff, of Auburn ; one of the
most popular fellows in the regiment at all times, but especially j
on pay day.

Drum-Major — John Bingham.

Fife-Major — Hiram Adle.

With field and staff thus constituted, the regiment felt a great
and general satisfaction. Nearly all were novices in war ; but

28 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

the men felt safe and strong in the leadership of officers of such
known ability and intellect, especially since it was generally
believed that Secretary Seward approved the choice made and
would do all he could to help the regiment commanded by them.
The 19th at once dubbed itself "The Seward Regiment," and
resumed its work of training.

Camp life in Elmira had many singular experiences — some
dismal enough, yet interspersed with little gilt-edged occurrences
that enlivened the gloom and revive in memory to this day only
to give pleasure.

It must be confessed that the drilling was gloomy work, anx-
ious as all were to learn. On taking command of Barracks No.
One, Capt. Baker ordered two drills, at 8 1-2 a. m. and 2 p. m.,
respectively. But the Barracks had no proper parade ground.
The companies, therefore, took to the fields, those adjoining the
Female College being a favorite resort. This would have been
agreeable in the extreme had not the weather, in early May
especially, been cold, raw, rainy and muddy, which made drilling
dreadfully drear}', unattended as it was with the cheering beat of
the drum, the flash of arms, the self-respect inspired by soldierly
uniforms and the proper paraphernalia of war, none of which
were connected with the 'first month's experience at Elmira. A
general lack of sufficient clothing made the bad weather doubly
irksome. The men had mostly left overcoats and changes of
linen at home, supposing the Government would issue clothing on
arriving at the rendezvous. Not getting any, they grew uncom-
fortable in a fornight. In this emergency, thoughtful and patri-
otic hearted ladies of Auburn and of Elmira made donations to
the men of towels, linen and clothing, which proved a great
relief and elicited heartfelt blessings on the gene*rous spirits
who supplied them. It is surprising how little it takes to make
a soldier — whose lot is generally a hard one — happy, and to
enliven his spirits ; and the kindnesses of the ladies to the old
19th while at Elmira will never be forgotten by its members.

While the Cayuga men bore mud, bad weather and thin cloth-
ing without a murmur, one item in their experience they revolted
at Fresh from comfortable homes and tables spread with the
snowiest of linen, bountifully supplied with appetizingly cooked
meats and vegetables and fragrant decoctions of Java and Young
Hyson, with cream and a more or less wide array of delicacies,
the volunteers found the transition to corned beef, salt pork,
boiled potatoes, soft bread, mush, clear coffee and machine made
hash, which formed their soldier's ration, rather severe. It was
a forty-five cent ration, too, — a princely one for soldiers. Many

RAID ON THE HASH MACHINE. 29

a time afterwards were the men thankful to stay raging hunger
with even a five cent handful of inhabited hard-tack. But in
Elmira they were slow in getting used to it, even with appetites
sharpened by long drills.

Hash was one of the staple articles of food. It was prepared
in the shanty in the corner of the Barrack yard, used as a cook
house by the contractor. What old 19th boy does not remember
the hash machine ? That devourer of scraps was going, with
noisy clatter, day and night ; trains would thunder by on the
railroad with a roar ; brass bands would fill the air with martial
strains ; the cheers of the soldiery would shake the ancient
buildings ; but nothing would ever drown the steady music of
the hash machine.

For some days the meat, and occasionally the hash, had been
of a character to excite the alarm of olfactories. The hash
was sometimes burnt. One day a volunteer discovered in his
ration something which he swore was the end of a dog's tail,
the fur still on. Waving the obnoxious chunk aloft on his fork,
he went down the mess room showing it to his comrades. The
yard, soon after, was full of excited soldiers. Several circum-
stances occurred to fan the rising flame of discontent against
the contractor. A moihent more and there was a terrific shout.
The cook house was tumultuously invaded. An avalanche of
men sprang in through the delivery windows, amongst the cheers
of a crowd outside, driving out the occupants pell mell. The
hash machine was banged and smashed to flinders, and then
there followed a general raid on the whole establishment.
Stumbling, as he came in through the window, one volunteer
plunged feet first into a barrel of eggs. Covered with yolk to
his ears, he emerged a fearful looking apparition, but, undaunted,
made for three other barrels of the same commodity. These
also he overturned and smashed. A huge darkey stuck his
head in the door. A volley of eggs and chunks of meat saluted
him ; he retreated precipitately. Two barrels of soft soap were
tipped over, and beans, mush, hash, potatoes and meat flew in
every direction. The establishment was completely turned
topsy-turvy and the volunteers returned to their quarters. Some
of the men were sent to the guard house for this afiair ; but the
regiment had better rations after it.

The deprivations of camp life in the ration department were
sometimes relieved from home. Barrels of goodies came some-
times from Auburn. Once there came a plum pudding, aro-
matic with spices, which created a sensation. Huge cakes came
now and then. One royal specimen was inscribed "If any man

30 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot."
Sums of money, the gifts of patriotic friends, aided to replenish
a poor larder and provide comforts. Dr. Willard gave the sol-
diers $50 ; Theo. P. Case and Clarence Seward each $100 ; E.
B. Morgan sent $500. The thankfulness of the men found ex-
pression, as gifts were announced, in hearty hurrahs, and reso-
lutions of thanks.

Muster into the United States service took place May 22d.
The companies formed into line, one at a time, in the barracks
yard, and were carefully inspected by the United States Muster-
ing Officer at the Post, Capt. W. L. Elliott of the U. S. Mount-
ed Rifles. The roll of each company was called over, the men
were counted, and then the company took the oath of allegiance
and swore to serve its officers and the government faithfully till
discharged the service.

The period for which they were so sworn in was three months.
This was a miseraole error. The call for troops of April 15th was
indeed for men to serve three months, the North at that time
being unboundedly confident that war was to be only a ninety
day afl"air. But in a fortnight's time, that delusion had faded
entirely from the mind of the Government.

On the first of May, the Attorney General of New York wrote
to the Secretary of War : —

" Such is the patriotic zeal of the people of the State, that it will
be a great disappointment to them if they are not permitted to
raise thirty-eight regiments for the public service instead of seven-
teen. * * The Military Board therefore respectfully requests,
that the United States Government will receive from the State of
New York, at such depots within the State as the United States
Government may choose to indicate, thirty-eight regiments of
. volunteers /t?r tivo years' service, unless sooner discharged, of such
arm of the service as it may require, and assume at the depots
the instruction, pay and subsistance of such troops."

May 3d, the Secretary of War replied : —

" I have the honor, in behalf of the Government of the United
States, to inform you, that this offer will be accepted on condi-
tions named."

On the same day, the President issued a new call for troops,
asking for 60,000 men for three years' service. May 6th, the
Secretary of War telegraphed Gov. Morgan, asking that all New
York regiments be mustered in for three years. Under the law
of April 15th, this was impossible. Gov. Morgan so informed

MUSTER IN.

the Secretary of War. But the circumstance is valuable here, as
showing that the idea of subduing the rebellion in 90 days, on
which the first call for troops was based, had now been exploded,
and the Government desired and intended to have its army sworn
in for a term of years. It is definitely known, also, that this was
also the intention of the Governor of New York, for, when ten
regimental organizations had been perfected in Elmira, he defi-
nitely ordered their muster in for two years. Capt, Elliott, entirely
unauthorized, mustered five of them, the 12th, 13th, 19th, 21st
and 26th for three months. He was stopped right there and
sent out of the State.

The men of the 19th expected to serve for two years. On
the day of muster, they learnt for the first time that they wore
to be received for three months only, and several of them
doubted as to whether the proceeding was right, and wished to be
lure. They begged leave, and were permitted to ask Capt. El-
liott, before swearing in, distinctly how long they were to be held.
He said distinctly, " Three months, my men ! The Government
is not so hard up for troops as to want you for two years. It won't
take you for two years." The men were satisfied. They were
willing to go for any length of time, long or short, and cheer-
fully took an oath, which was kept, to serve their country faith-
fully for three months.

The companies were enrolled in the order following : Com-
pany A, Capt. Baker ; Company B, Capt. Kennedy ; Company
C, Capt. Ashcroft ; Company D, Capt. Gavigan ; Company E,
Capt. Schenck ; Company F, Capt. Stephens ; Company G,
Capt Stewart ; Company H, Capt. Giles ; Company I, Capt.
Ammon ; Company K, Capt. Angel.

Uniforms were issued, Friday May 24th. It was a day of
excitement A neat uniform is the pride of a good soldier. The
men were eager to don the army blue. They were furthermore
suffering for warm and comfortable clothing. When the boxes,
containing the suits, were delivered at the barracks, the joy of
the regiment knew no bounds. That feeling sufiered an early
demise. There was tossed out to each volunteer a cap, jacket,
pair of pants and overcoat. They were tiot of army blue. The
great Empire State had seen fit to clothe the 19th regiment in
a shabby gray. The brave fellows, however, anxious to get
suits of any description, donned them good naturedly. Then
came out the whole truth. The uniforms had been made of a
coarse, fluffy, flimsy material, called shoddy, full of fine flocking,
which on shaking sifted out, filling the eyes, irritating the skin,
and covering the floor with refuse. A heartless fraud had been
perpetrated.

32 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRV.

On the 23d of April, the Military Board at Albany advertised
for proposals for 12,000 uniforms. In response, Mr. F. L.
Griswold, an honorable and esteemed merchant of Auburn,
proposed to furnish those required by the Cayuga regiment, in
furtherance of the plan for equipping and training that command
at Auburn, He sent a sample suit of his make, the cloth
being purposely better even than the State required. State
Treasurer Dorsheimer raised the quibble that the color of the
jacket varied a shade from regulation blue, and also objected
that the suits could not be made in time in Auburn. A contract
was refused Mr. Griswold. The whole 12,000 suits were awarded
to be contracted for by Brooks Bro's of New York city. The
senior Brooks assured the State, positively, that he could furnish
the whole number of regular army blue cloth within the specified
time. A few days after the contract was signed, he cooly notified
the Military Board that his firm could not comply therewith
unless permitted to use cloth other than agreed upon. Inter-
views and consultations followed. At last, so urgent were the
necessities of the hour, the contractors carried their point and were
authorized to substitute " gray cadet mi.xed satinet " for army
blue for 7,500 uniforms. These were promptly furnished, most
of them being sent to Elmira.

How thoroughly " mixed " the goods were, the Czyuga. volun-
teers can testify. Stripes of dark gray ran through them, with
streaks of butternut intermingled. Patches of green, spots of
brown, and splashes of other colors, dotted their surface, and no
less than eighteen different hues were counted in them by an
inquiring volunteer. Shabby in color, uncomfortable from the
gritty dust in them, flabby in texture, they were also ungainly in
cut. Few were able to get a suit that fitted them. Neariy all
of them were too large. Two men could button around them
one overcoat. Many men could button up their folded over-
coats in their pants.

These outrageous uniforms were issued to the 12th, 13th and
a6th regiments also. They had a most depressing effect on all.
Men, wanting furloughs to go home to bid farewell to dear ones,
before marching to the seat of war, were ashamed to show them-
selves and went to the front without seeing the friends they so
longingly desired to.

The affair created great excitement in Auburn. A public
meeting was held to secure redress. VVm. C. Beardsley, Theo.
M. Pomeroy and C. L. Underwood were sent by it to Albany to
demand proper uniforms for our brave men. On the 3d of June,
they telegraphed Col. Clark : —

THE COLORS PRESENTED. 33

' "The Military Board promises the regiment new uniforms.
Hold on."

The regiment could not "hold on," however. As Col. Clark
remarked: "The Cayuga boys were bound to go if they went
in their shirts." They could not wait, and great mischief was
done before the promised uniforms ever reached them. *

The regiment received flags, whereon to inscribe its victories
in the field, on Tuesday, the 4th of June, by presentation from
the ladies of Auburn. The National color was made in Auburn •
the State color, a blue silk, decorated with the State coat of
arms and the name of the regiment, was made to order in New
York, — both being paid for by subscriptions obtained by Mrs.
C. H. Merriman and Mrs. Fanny Barker. It is interesting to
note, so little did we as a people know about war then, that the
material first provided for a National banner was cut by Capt.
Kennedy who spoilt it. Dr. Dimon was the only one that could
be found that knew the proportions of the banner. The one
given the regiment was cut by him. At 10 a. m., June 4th, the
19th formed a hollow-square in the Barrack yard. A platform
in the center held Col. Clark and the officers of the regiment,
C C. Dwight, B. F. Hall, D. P. Wallis, Wm. C. Beardsley, Gen.
H. R. White of Utica, Gen. VanValkenburg, E. B. Morgan, Mrs.
VVnu H. Seward, Jr., Mrs. Geo. Underwood, Mrs. Theo. Dimon,
Mrs. B. F. Hall, Mrs. John Bostwick, Mrs. Sam'l Titus, Mrs.
Henry Morgan and others. Mr. Hall presented the National,
and Mr. Dwight the Regimental colors. Col. Clark responded
and consigned the flags to the color guard amid the deafening
cheers of the regiment. Many a silent oath was registered among
those brave men at that moment to die ere those silken ensigns
should ever be dishonored in the presence of the armed enemies
of our country.

Next day the regiment drew muskets, old flint locks, model of
1840, altered and supplied with percussion locks. Also "A"
tents, knapsacks, canteens and camp equipage.

On the 30th of May, Col. Clark applied to the War Depart-
ment for marching orders. Promptly came the following, May

"To the Commandant at Elmira, N. Y. : —

Col. Clark's regiment and one other regiment ready to march
will proceed immediately to Harrisburg.

Simon Cameron,

Secretary of War."

34 IQTK NEW-YORK INFANTRY,

This order was modified, June ist, by the following r —

" Col. John S. Clark, 19th Regt., Elmira r—

Your letter of the 27th to Gen. Mansfield is shown to me. I
desire your regiment to come to this city via Harrisburg and
Baltimore, as soon as it is ready.

WiNFiELD Scott."

Gen. Patterson, who was then collecting an army at Cham-
bersburg, Pa., had applied to the War Department to have the
Seward Regiment sent to him. Hence the first order above. At
Col. Clark's request, the Lieutenant General of the Army
ordered him to Washington,

DEPARTURE FOR THE ARMY. 35

1764764

ON KALORAMA HEIGHTS.

Dcpirture for the Army — Gen. Patterson** Telegrams — Gen. Scott's Counter-order
— Gloomy Reception in Baltimore — Washington — In Camp of Instruction at
ICalorama — Camp Routine — New Muskets — The Shoddy Uniforms Wearing
Out — Review of New York Troops — Ordered to Join Patterson.

The Caj-uga volunteers left Elmira for Washington, Thursday,
the 6th of June, 739 strong. A special train of twenty-one
freight cars, drawn by two engines, was furnished them for
transjwrtation. Into four cars was loaded the baggage and camp
equipage, which was bulky and weighed over 25,000 lbs. The
regiment stowed itself away, on rough board seats, in the other
cars. At 1 1 A. m., the train moved off with shriek of whistle
and clang of bell, running as a special. Thousands of citizens
and several companies of soldiers, gathered at the depot and at
Barracks No. One, gave hearty hurrahs at parting.

.\l Williamsport, Pa., which we reached at 2 P. ml, patriotic
citizens had spread a substantial dinner for the refreshment of
the hungry men. On halting, the cars were emptied in a mo-
ment Speeches of welcome were made and the volunteers re-
ceived an invitation to fall on and make a dinner, whicb they
did. Hunger staying ham, biscuits, cheese and sandwiches of
dainty preparation burdened long tables in profusion, and
pretty maidens brought to all generous cups of the good cheer a
soldier loves, rich, pure coffee. Cakes, pies, and fragrant Ha-
vana cigars also proved abundant. After a huge repast, the
lads in gray grew surfeited and, withr pockets crammed, they

%.*' '■ » ^ ^ %

36 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

climbed back to their board benches, to resume the journey,
smoke their cigars and bless with heartfelt unction the kindly
ladies of WilliamsporL

The whole ride through Pennsylvania was exceedingly grati-
fying to the feelings of the volunteers. Attentions were lavished
upon them at every station. Crowds gathered everywhere to
cheer them, while ploughmen in the fields and farmers on the
cross roads paused to swing their hats as the train tlew by. In
the evening, bonfires blazed in their honor in the villages.
These things and the enchanting scenery of the region throu^^h
which the railroad ran made a deep impression on the minds of
the volunteers, and their patriotism and enthusiasm in the cause
of their country were deepened by it, and their rough jolting
and shaking up in the freight cars it made them forget.

The train thundered into Harrisburgh about midnight. Here
a dispatch was handed to Col. Clark, reading as follows :

"Chambersburgh, June 6, 1861.
To the officer commanding the troops from Elmira, N. Y.

By command of Lieut.-Gen. Scott, you have been placed under
my orders. Proceed at once to Chambersburgh.

R. Patterson, Major-General,
Commanding Department Pennsylvania."
Col. Clark hesitated to obey this order. He had other plans.
Detaining the train, he telegraphed both to Gen. Patterson and
Gen. Scott for further information. Gen. Scott answered
quickly :

" Col. John S. Clark, 19th N. Y. Infantry :

Come to Washington. Winheld Scott."

Gen. Patterson replied : —
« Col. John S. Clark :

Gen. Patterson was order^ to turn the first Elmira regiment
to this place. Has received no countermanding ordeTs. If
you have been ordered to Washington, since you were first
ordered here, go there.

Frrz John Porter, A. A. G.
Chambersburg, June 6th, 1861."

A council of officers assembled to consider the matter. It
was decided to go to Washington. After a two hours' delay, the
complication being solved, the train was ordered on and sped out
of Harrisburgh for Baltimore. Patterson remembered Clark's
reluctance on this occasion to join him. It was afterwards a
source of trouble.

GLOOMY RECEPTION IN BALTIMORE. 27

Glimpses of the destruction of war became visible at daylight.
Blackened ruins of noble bridges encountered the eye, betoken-
ing the presence of bands of armed rebels. Soldiers with can-
non now guarded the crossings at every stream. To witness
these things, the volunteers crowded car doors and windows.
From a passing train, word came that the regiment's first baptism
of fire was probably near at hand. Baltimore, the northern out-
post of rebellion, was in a state of riotous disquietude. The
city lay under the guns of Port McHenry, on Federal Hill, where
in 1814, floated the first original " Star Spangled Banner," con-
cerning which the song was written. Yet, danger existed that
an attack might be made on the regiment in marching through,
just as, on April 19th, there had been on the 6th Massachusetts.
The tidings were received with joy. Though rather deficient in
such matters as street firing and battalion drill, the Cayuga boys
felt their souls burn with valor and they ardently longed for an
attack. They only wanted the proper provocation to clear the
city at the point of the bayonet of every traitor that dwelt there-
in, and avenge the recent insults offered there to our flag. The
Quarter-Master distributed three rounds of cartridges, each carry-
ing an ounce ball and three buckshot Every musket received
one in readiness for the expected fray.

Debarking from the cars at the head of Eutaw street, the regi-
ment formed in column by half companies. While this was
being done, disorderly crowds gathered around in the street,
composed of ugly looking desperadoes, some of whom had coun-
tenances that would have made the fortune of an African gorilla.

" D those infernal Yankees ! " " Hurrah for Jeif. Davis ! "

and similar remarks were shouted on all sides. Everything
looked ripe for a first-class disturbance. Before starting, Col.
Clark gave the order ** Fix Bayonets ! " With a loud clash, 730
gleaming points of steel sprang to their places. The decidedly
business-like air of this proceeding, and the wicked looking eyes
of the Cayuga boys rather staggered the Baltimorean nerve, and
when, with a squad of policemen in the advance, and with colors
proudly flying, the regiment took up the line of march for the
Washington depot at the foot of the street, the crowd gave way
for it respectfully. Soon, however, the roughs grew bolder, and
• renewed their profanity and evil remarks, and jostled the regi-
ment continually. Richly dressed beauties came out upon bal-
conies and waved little secession flags and hissed as the command
marched by, as though to urge on the excited populace to riot.
But it did not work. The manifest coolness and determination
ol the regiment and its capped muskets, bluffed the turbulent

38 igrru new-york infantry.

element completely, checking every violent demonstration. The
steadiness and nerve of the 19th was commented on admiringly
by the police, who said that it saved the volunteers from the
home of Seward from an attack.

Passing the Eutaw House, the regiment halted to give three
tremendous cheers at the sight of a large National banner flying
over it. Reaching the Washington depot a train came up after
a short halt. By noon, the men were aboard and rattling over
the rail to the Capital.

Camps and detachments of artillery and picket guards were
passed, strewn numerously along the way, guarding .the road,
every rail of which between Washington and Baltimore was
precious beyond computation to the Government at this time,
and was protected by either a musket or a cannon the whole
distance. A few miles from Washington the loaded pieces of
the regiment were discharged. The firing created a panic in
the locality. Pickets, scattered through the field, thought there
was a descent by the enemy and came running in. An alarm
was sounded in some of the camps. The commotion partly
arose from the recollection of a recent attempt on the railroad
at this point.

Washington was reached at 3 p. m. The regiment was full of
enthusiasm. It had reached the National army and was now
among the defenders of the Capital. The general hope was
that orders to go across the Potomac at once and encamp on
the sacred soil of the Old Dominion would be received. In
view of the undisciplined state of the command, it was ordered
into camp of instruction instead, and, pending the selection of
camping ground, it was thought best to quarter it in the city.
The 8th and 9th of June were accordingly spent in a tall brick
building on Pennsylvania Avenue, within a few blocks of the
President's house, known as Woodard's Hall. Seven rooms
were occupied. They were unclean apartments and the regi-
ment was glad, when, on the evening of the loth, the command
cam^to vacate them and go into camp.

North of Washington, within two or three miles of the
heart of the city, a range of verdant hills 200 feet in height
bounds the plain on which it stands. Further on, the surface
swells into hills of greater elevation, on which, afterwards the ,
northern fortifications of the city were located. On the crests of
the first range of hills, were built many a number of fine man-
sions, surrounded by elegant and extensive grounds. Just back
of Georgetown, on the eastern bank of Rock Creek, stood the
loveliest of these places, once the home of the poet and pjitriot,

IN CAMP AT KALORAMA. 39

Joel Barlow, author of the " Columbiad " * and "Hasty Pud-
ding," named by him Kalorama. In 1861, its occupant, a true
patriot, had tendered it to the Government for a camp without
cost To this spot, on the loth of June, a warm, genial sura- .
laer's day, the favored 19th had been ordered to proceed.

The regiment left the City of Magnificent Distances in the af-
ternoon, passing the President's House and other noted edifices,
and reached the heights at 8 p. m. Leaving the main road, it
turned to the left into the fields, and marched to a meadow, nine
acres in area, in a retired situation, on the top of the banks of
the romantic and richly wooded glen of Rock Creek. Glen and
woods surrounded the field on three sides. On the fourth, the
old mansion stood, now used as a hospital. It was too late and
too dark to pitch camp. So the men stacked arms, and bivou-
acked on the ground under the open stars, some sleeping on
boards and all either softening the asperities of their bed with
their blankets or using that article as a pillow. The lovely
night invested their first taste of genuine campaigning with an
air of romance. Sleeping on the ground was a novelty that all
relished then.

Next day, the baggage wagons came up from the city. They
were speedily unburdened and the regiment pitched its first
camp, which was forthwith dubbed Camp Cayuga. The tents of
the field and staff officers were located in a row under the shade
of the locusts and cedars, on the southern side of the field, that
of Col. Clark being distinguished from the rest by the colors of
the regiment planted in the ground in front, one on each side.
The companies encamped in wedge, or " A " tents, four men in
a tent, on the western side of the field, in ranks, in the same or-
der and on the same ground, which they would severally have
occupied if they stood there under arms, formed in regimental
column for the march. The tents of each company were located
in this camp in two parallel rows, facing inwards on a company
street, which all took pride in keeping in the neatest order. In
later camps, the rule was for companies to arrange their tents in
single ranks, but that was when they had Sibley tents, holding
fifteen men. Captains and Lieutenants habitually camped on
the right flanks of their companies.

After a few days all tents were floored with boards, partly
obtained from the leavings of a regiment which had previously
occupied the field. The camp was cleared up then and made
to look fteat

When comfortably settled, camp routine was announced and
sel forth in special order^ so that camp business might be earned

40 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

on systematically and smoothly. Hard study and training then
began and continued without remission for a month. The 19th
was in Maj.-Gen. Charles W. Sandford's division of New York
•troops. It resolved to be the best disciplined regiment in it.

The camp awoke daily at break of day, or 5 a. m. ; the drum
corps beating the reveille on the parade ground. All aroused
thereat from morning dreams, dressed and washed. The com-
panies then formed for roll call. At 5 1-2 a. m. company drill
took place. The duties of the day began thus early to avoid
the excessive heat of the middle of the day. This early drill
often, and at first generally, took place under West Point cadets,
three of whom — Lieuts. Barlow, Redding and Meagher — were
sent up by Gen. Mansfield from Washington to teach the man-
ual of arms and the company tactics. At 6 a. m. breakfast was
served, consisting of salt pork, salt beef, bread, crackers, pota-
toes and cotTee, varied sometimes with mush and beans.

At 9, squads of from six to ten men, detailed from each com-
pany at morning roll call, were assembled on the parade ground
by the Sergeant-Major, under command of the Adjutant, to do
the guard duty of the day in and around the camp. Arms and
equipments being inspected by the Officer and Sergeant of the
Guard, who were appointed daily for the day, the guard was
divided into three reliefs, or divisions ; one relief was then im-
mediately marched off to do general guard duty in the camp
and to be posted in a circle around it, relieving the old sentinels
of the day before. Each guard in the relief was given a certain
part to guard on a certain portion of the circle, upon which he
must pace back and forth and allow no one, on any account, to
pass without the countersign, or password, for the day, given out
each day from headquarters. This relief was kept on duty one
hour and was then relieved by another, and this, in an hour's
time, by the third, and that again by the first, so that each relief
had alternately through the day one hour of duty on and two
off. The headquarters of the guard was the guard house, which
always stood at the entrance to the camp. There was only
one entrance. In it the prisoners of the camp were always
confined. At 9 a. m. the companies were again drilled by their
commanders for one hour. Then occurred several hours of
leisure, broken only by dinner.

The drums beat for battalion drill at 3 p. m., and again for
dress parade and battalion drill at 6. This latter, in the cool
edge of the evening, sometimes taking place under the soft
moonlight, was the most agreeable of the day. Muskets and
equipments were highly polished for it, and every uniform was

CAMP LIFE AT KALORAMA. 4I

required to look its best. Visitors were always present to wit-
ness it There was a talismanic influence in that title of
"The Seward Regiment." It brought out to Kalorama Heights
Senator, Congressmen and distinguished people generally.
The President, also, and Secretary Seward came several times.
Mr. Seward had always a cordial smile and a cordial grasp of
the hand which endeared him to all.

At 9 1-2 P. M. the drums sounded tattoo, or retreat, in the en-
campment It was the signal for every man to repair to his
quarters. At 10 o'clock, taps beat, when lights were extinguish-
ed, except at the guard house, for the night At midnight, the
Officer of the Guard made the Grand Rounds, to see that the
sentinels were faithful and all things were safe.

Rapid and great improvement was made in the discharge of
these duties. A spirit of emulation became rife among the com-
panies, and though mistakes were often made, these four weeks
caused the 19th to become one of the most proficient of the raw
regiments of the division. At battalion drill. Col. Clark gener-
ally commanded. He always made lively work. His favorite
practice was to draw the regiment up in line of battle, or regi-
mental front, and send it flying across the field on a double
quick, as though in the act of storming imaginary works. Once
a charge, not properly halted, stormed the camp. Another time,
the line charged into the woods, with a terrific yell, which so
drowned the command to halt that the regiment drove the field
officers into the woods at the point of the bayonet.

June 15th, the regiment marched to Washington and ex-
changed "those trusty muskets" for Harper's Ferry smooth
bores. They were a better arm than the old ones. Great pride
was taken in them, the old ones having been so rickety, that,
after firing a volley with them, a basket full of locks and pieces
might be picked up in the grass, blown off by the discharge.

Delightful weather prevailed at Kalorama. Once a thunder-
storm soaked the tents and gave everybody a wetting, but rains
seldom came and nothing occurred to interrupt steady drilling.
The health of the camp was also generally good. The only
affliction was the measles. Measle patients filled three tents at
one time, but Dr. Dimon's faithful care brought them through all
right

The first death in the regiment befel it on June 26th. A
drummer boy of Company C, Joseph Winters, was drowned in
Rock Creek, while bathing. He was buried in an old grave
yard near by with military honors.

June i8th, a very important event occured. The Pay Master

42 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

arrived to pay off the men. Privates received $5.50 a piece.
Nothing creates more excitement in camp than the coming of
the Pay Master. When paid off, the men first lay something
aside to send home, and then rush for the tent of the camp sut-
ler where goodies, tobacco and luxuries of every description are
eagerly bought, and outstanding accounts are squared up. The
commanding officers in Camp Cayuga made no objection to the
^men indulging in these luxuries if they chose to. They only
required that the men abstain from beer and wine. Rules against
intoxication and liquor selling were strict. Col. Clark, in orders,
prohibited them positively. A vigorous attempt was made to
enforce the rule, and once, when Capt. Kennedy was Officer of
the Day, that officer caused the camp sutler's shanty to be torn
down for violating it Unfortunately, these practices could not
be and never were entirely broken up.

The regiment began to watch about this time the rapid wear-
ing away of the three months, for which it had taken the oath of
service, with no little anxiety. The men unanimously regarded
the prospect of carrying their banners back to Cayuga county,
unbaptized in the smoke of the battlefield, with dismay. One
day, there came to camp two important rumors.

Visitors at headquarters brought the first unofficially from
Washington. It was said that the State of New York had
turned the regiment over to the United States Government for
the whole period of its original two years' enlistment. It im-
pugns neither the courage nor loyalty of the Cayuga boys to say
that some were disconcerted by this quite positively unexpected
intelligence. They supposed as a matter of course they were
going home at the end of the three months. The Government
had not in any manner intimated a desire for their ser\'ices longer
than that time. They knew nothing of the official correspond-
ence between the Governor and the War Department. They had
not been consulted about staying beyond the term for which
they had mustered in, and many had already laid out plans
for fall and winter work, in anticipation of going home on the
22d of August.

The rumor of being held for two years, naturally created a
lively sensation. Col. Clark was appealed to for his opinion of
the matter. He replied that he had no official information on
the subject His individual opinion, based on the needs of
Government and the probabilities of protracted war, was that
the Government would demand the full two years' service of all
three months regiments, and would be entitled to receive it. The
men were inclined to be rather indignant at what they consider-

ORDERS TO MARCH. 43

ed, if the rumor was true, the treacherous and unwarrantably
arbitrar)- treatment of them by the authorities. j

Many of them, doubtless, regarded a long service with pleas- I

ure, and all would, had it not been for the infamous shoddy \

uniforms. At home, the men had dressed in comfort and ele- |

gance. Now, they were clad in insufferable rags. Scarce a |

uniform in the regiment was without patches. And this disgrace |

existed in the midst of a splendidly equipped army. It mortified I

the pride and wounded the esprif du corps of the regiment more |

than words can tell. The feeling was, as a natural consequence, ;

that the Empire State manifested a disposition to sacrifice and
degrade her sons, and if it did not cease at once they should de-
sire to quit her service.

These thoughts, entertained in a vague sort of way, vanished,
however, for a while, in the excitement caused by the second ru-
mor, above alluded to, which was that the regiment had at last
been ordered to engage in active operations. There was no re-
pining at Kalorama after that Leaving the term of service
question to be settled by time, all thoughts were bent towards
preparation for the march.

Fourth of July was celebrated in and around Washington
joyously. The grand feature of the day was the review of the
New York troops, then under the command of Gen. Sandford, 1

who had obtained permission to receive a marching salute from }

the twenty-three regiments of his division and had issued orders I

accordingly. 1

At 7 A- M., the 19th, with full canteens, fell into line, and- j

marched to Washington. Regiments simultaneously pressed in 1

from every direction, their rifle barrels flashing in the bright
sunlight and colors proudly floating on the morning air. All I

gathered on the great Pennsylvania Avenue leading up to the
Extjcutive Mansion and formed into a column of great length. j

Other shoddy uniforms were there, besides those of the 19th, I

that day, and Gen. Sandford had the rare privilege of calling the \

attention of the men who held the destinies of America in their |

hands, to the manner in which the opulent commonwealth of j

New York clad her volunteers. Near the White House, stood I

a beautiful pavilion, sheltering from the overpowering heat of ;

the sun, the President and his family, Gen. Scott, Secretaries \

Seward, Cameron and Smith, Gens. Dix, Mansfield, Sandford, |

and other high dignitaries and commanders. Past this point, j

the column was finally put in motion. It was an hour and a
half in passing.

The 19th marched, in its proper place in column, from Con-

44 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

necticut Avenue to 6th street, and then turned off and returned
to camp, devoting the rest of the day to high festivity. In the
evening, the officers of the regiment collected, by invitation, in
the street of Company B, which was decorated with greens for
the occasion, where they spent the evening in speech-making and
feasting. Speeches were made by Col. Clark, Lieut.-Col. Sew-
ard, Capt. Kennedy, Capt. Stephens, Hon. Theo. M. Pomeroy,
M. C, and others. Fireworks and bonfires illuminated the
scene, and the band of Col. Ernstein's Philadelphia regiment
was present with inspiring music. Some of the men engaged in
dancing, and there were games and general merriment and
hilarity throughout the catnp.

Late in the day, July 5th, the long expected orders to march
came and threw the camp into a state of excitement.

Government had resolved on an advance upon Richmond of
the Army of the Potomac, then encamped under Gen. McDowell
opposite Washington. The plan was, while McDowell struck
Straight out for Richmond from Washington, Gen. Patterson
should advance into Virginia from the village of Williamsport
and demonstrate upon the rebel army of Gen. Joe Johnston,
encamped in the Shenandoah Valley around Winchester. Johns-
ton was to be met, beaten, captured, or at any rate to be held
in check and kept from joining the rebels in front of Washing-
ton, so that the latter might fall an easy prey to McDowell. But
Patterson did not move with any very extensive alacrity. He
crossed the Potomac at Williamsport, June i6th, but re-crossed
on the i8th. Again had he entered Virginia, July 2d, but was
wasting his time in idleness. Gen. Scott concluded to reinforce
Patterson as a gentle stimulus to action. Gen. Sanford, of the
New York troops, an active, wide-awake commander, consented
to waive his rank and go on this mission. He was directed,
therefore, to proceed immediately with the best four regiments
he had to assist the lagging General of the Upper Potomac.

Gen. Sand ford selected for this service the 5th and 12th
Militia and 19th and 28th Volunteers.

Col. Clark, on the afternoon of July 5th, received the follow-
ing order : —

" Col. Clark, 19th Regiment, New York Volunteers, is directed
to be in readiness by noon, to-morrow, to march his regiment
on special service, with three days' cooked provisions and three
days' raw, which he will prepare forthwith. He will leave all
extra baggage in his camp with sick and disabled men and suffi-
cient tents for their use. Wagons for transportation will be at his

ORDERS TO MARCH. • 45

camp at 12 o'clock at noon. Col. Clark will draw forty rounds
of ammunition early to-morrow. He will have all his tents and
ordinary baggage packed by 12 o'clock.
By Order,

Maj.-Gen. Charles W. Sandford.
Geo. W. Morell, Div. Inspector."

Communicated to the regiment, the orders were joyfully re-
ceived, and the camp fell vigorously to packing and preparing
for the march. Letters were hastily written home ; knapsacks
were packed ; rations of meat were cooked j surplus baggage
was disposed of and everything made ready for an early start
next day. The larger part of the night was devoted to this
work.

46 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

Ill

IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY.

The 19th New York Leaves Kalorama— By Train to Hagerstown — The First
March — Fordiag the Fotomac — March to Martinsburg — Kennedy's Exploit
—Curiosity to Sec a Rebel — Webster and Tobias See too Many — The 19th
New York has a Skirmish — Col. Clark Relieved of Command — Advance to

Bunker Hill — Foraging — Anxious for a Fight — Patterson's Inertness

Sandford*s Activity — The Flank March to Charlestown — Patterson's Dra-
matics— Feeling in the Army — Capt. Stewart Reports Johnston's Movement
—Mementoes of John Brown— Ledlie Shot At— At Harper's Ferry.

Pursuant to orders of the President, the 19th and 28th New
York Volunteers set off July 6th, 186 1, from Washington, to re-
inforce dilatory Patterson, then supposed to be at Williamsport,
Md, Gen. Sandford followed in person, with the 5th and 12th
Militia, ne.xt day.

At 6 A. M. of the 6th, " Strike tents " was proclaimed in Camp
Cayuga. The once orderly camping ground became a scene of
bustle, confusion and uproar for an hour or two, and the folded
tents, with baggage and camp equipage, then lay packed on the
ground and arranged in piles ready for loading into the wagons,
which were to take them to the railroad depot, A small guard
remained to watch the baggage and load the wagons. At 10 1-3
A- M., the regiment filed away from beautiful Kalorama and
hastened in a pouring rain storm to the depot in Washington.
Dr. Howard remained with ten sick in a hospital tent.

The depot was in confusion, owing to the embarkation of the
28th New York. This regiment was from Niagara county, N.

ANOTHER RECEPTION IN BALTIMORE. ^J

Y., and commanded by Col. Dudley Donnelly, a brave and
competent officer. It had rifled muskets and good regulation
uniforms. Delay arose at the depot, but finally, at 6 p. m., the i

28th regiment had gone on, and the 19th was under way for ]

Baltimore. I

The day before, a thirty pound rifled Parrot cannon left this I

depot on a freight car, labeled " Capt, A. Doubleday, Williams- |

port, Md." It was part of the impedimenta of the 19th New j

I'ork- . I

A cordial reception in Baltimore awaited the regiment on this 1

occasion. The aspect and spirit of the rabid old city had mate- 1

rially changed since the 7th of June. Gen. Banks's cannon on !

Federal Hill had done a marvelous work. Cheers were repeat- !

edly given by the populace, and fluttering handkerchiefs now 5

waved graceful greetings from balconies. Freight cars were j

supplied at the Harrisburg depot, and, jammed unpleasantly 1

tight in them, the regiment rattled away at nightfall at a fearful i

rate of speed toward the capital of Pennsylvania. There was !

little chance for "nature's sweet restorer" that hot night. The |

cars were packed to oppression, while the fearful rumbling and i

jolting so banished slumber from the eyes of the more volatile that |

they sat up, sang " John Brown," " Hail Columbia," and every- i

thing else an inventive imagination could suggest, and cracked 1

jokes and plagued the sleepy, so that it would have defied Dick-
ens's Fat Boy himself to catch a nap the duration of a wink. Fresh, j
coo! air, the perspiring occupants of these veritable din mills ob- |
taincd by jamming pointed Gothic windows through the car sides • I
with their muskets. Other obstacles to repose could not be
oercome.

The train made its shrieking entry to Harrisburg early Sun-
day, July 7th.

Here began a series of kind attentions which the inhabitants '

of every stopping place lavished upon the far from coy volun-
teers. These generally took the form of presentations of first
class food. No delicacies were too good to be lavished on the
brave but insatiate defenders of our country. It is to be feared
that the 19th left behind it a trail of empty larders in Pennsyl-
vania. At Chambersburg, a church meeting dissolved for no
other purpose than to bring a meat offering to the volunteers.
Travel gave the Ca^-uga boys a wonderful appetite for luxurious
fare. They took all that come. Salt pork and hard tack were
shied at passing telegraph poles, and distended haversacks and
tight belts told the tale of Pennsylvania hospitality. A stock of
turkey, ham and cake was laid in for future emergencies.

.nr.

4^ I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

At 5 1*2 p, M., the train halted at the terminus of the railroad
in the village of Hagerstown. The companies debarked. Gen.
Patterson's Quarter-master here supplied Col. Clark with wagons
for the transportation of camp equipage and officers baggage.
While five men from each company were loading up, the regi-
ment stretched its limbs in the village, where fresh attentions
from the citizens made it happy and put strength into it for the
march now before it.
• Col.; Clark ascertained here that Gen. Patterson had crossed
the Potomac at VVilliamsport and advanced to Martinsburg in
the Shenandoah Valley, sixteen miles from Winchester. All
reinforcements he had left orders for, to follow him thither.
Before departing en route to the front. Col. Clark received instruc-
tions to bring on to the army under the protection of his regi-
ment, Doubleday's thirty pound rifled cannon before spoken of.
As it had not come, up to eight o'clock, the Colonel ordered
Capt Kennedy to remain with Company B, until it did come
and bring it on. The regiment was then assembled and put
under way to reach Williamsport, six miles distant, that night.

A soldier on the march is a curious looking object. Baggage
dangles from every part of his person. Knapsack and haver-
sack, blanket, cup and canteen, added to the regular equipment
bf musket, belts, bayonet scabbard, and cap and cartridge boxes,
give him a singular appearance. The weight of this parapher-
nalia is considerable, seldom less than 40 lbs., and as much more,
ranging as high as 70 or 80, as the soldier chooses to make it.
Green soldiers invariably carry all they can stagger under and
such was the case with the 19th on this occasion. A thousand
unnecessary knick-knacks and a heavy surplus of provisions in-
cautiously laid in, fairly burdened the men down, and to such
an extent, that when, after a hot and dusty march, they reached
Williamsport at 10 1-2 o'clock, they were thoroughly fagged out.
They learnt discretion very rapidly after that experience.

Reaching a pleasant hill, back of the village, a halt was or-
dered for the night. The 28th N. Y. lay there in a large mea-
dow, by the side of the road. The 19th went into bivouac on a
grassy campus opposite them. Filing into the field, the order,
habitually given when preparing to camp, was uttered : " By
companies ; by the right flank ; to the rear, into column ;
march." The head of each company broke off, that is turned
square to the right, and marched off a few rods at right angles,
then, halting, faced to the front, forming the regiment into col-
umn by companies. The weary men stacked arms and dropped
to the ground and slept soundly in their places pillowed on their

ON THE ** SACKED SOIL. 49

knapsacks and blankets, while a guard kept watch over tiie
bivouac. I

The drums beat an early reveille next morning. Blankets !

were hurriedly rolled up. " Sling knapsacks," commanded the 1

Colonel. A long march being in prospect, some of the men, I

rather than carry those weighty knapsacks another day, did sling i

ihcm with a vengeance — over the fence. A few were fortunate \

enough to obtain permission, as a special favor, to have them |

carried in the wagons. As fifteen wagons only were allotted to |

ihe regiment, many permissions of this sort could not be |

granted.

The 28th New York took the advance as usual and marched |

on down through the village and crossed the river ; the 19th

New V'ork followed. Between verdant and romantic banks, the

Potomac flows here in .a current half a mile wide — not over

three feet deep. Adjutant Stone leaped into the stream first ;

the column followed manfully in after him, and strode through

the gurgling water with the nonchalance of regulars. A f«w

look off their shoes, that they might resume the march with dry

feet. Others rolled up their baggy pants. All held up their

cartridge boxes. Emerging from the Potomac, the 19th New

York stood on the " sacred soil " of rebeldom and at the entrance

to one of its fairest regions — the far-famed Shenandoah Val-

Iry. It was a lovely vale — broad, gently undulating, dotted with

i;r-jves and farms, and yielding such prolific crops of grain and

rich fruit, that it was called the granary of Virginia. On either •

»:de, ranges of blue mountains stretched away into the rerftore

distance till lost in view in the gathering haze which perpetually

overhangs this region, giving it magical beauty and making its

mountain ranges of so soft and ethereal blue that they seem the

creations of enchantment. The silvery Shenandoah wound

through the valley, gleaming between dark groves.

On the bank of the Potomac a halt was ordered, and the
dripping regiment improved the opportunity to wring its gar-
ments and eat breakfast. At noon Capts. Schenck and Stewart
with their companies were left at the ford to wait for Kennedy
and Doubleday's gun, and the regiment went on towards Mar-
tinsburg. At Falling Waters, six miles on the way, the scene of
the late brush between Patterson and the rebels, a pause was
n»ade. The havoc of war, present on all sides, was viewed with
curious eyes. Fences were, for miles, down ; trees shattered
with cannon shot ; crops trampled to the earth ; farm hous^is
Nvcre in ashes ; here and there dead rebels dotted the fields :
arms and equipments were scattered everywhere. One farm

50 IQTH NEW- YORK. INFANTRY.

house had a cannon shot hole in it. A Federal flag fluttered
from a stick projecting from the hole.

While waiting here, the volunteers piqked up many mementoes
of the fight to carry with them. A sabre and a revolver from a
dead rebel, who lay with pallid, upturned face in the grass, were
among them.

At 2 p, M. Schenck and Stewart were ordered up, and Lieut-
Col. Seward was dispatched to Hagerstown to ascertain the
cause of Kennedy's delay. Col. Clark then put the regiment
in motion again for Martinsburg, nine miles distant. Company
A, the leading company, pushed rapidly ahead and caught up
with the 28th regiment three miles ahead. The others followed
briskly, marching a large part of the way on the double-quick,
the men in good spirits and singing *' John Brown's body lies a
mouldering in the grave," " Star Spangled Banner," and other
patriotic choruses. As the day was hot and marching swift, the
heavy equipments of the volunteers again oppressed them.
They endured it as long as they could and then scores threw
a^ay knapsacks, others blankets, and some pairs of fine boots,
anything for relief. It was a severe thing for green soldiers to
march fifteen miles under a hot sun. The manner in which
they endured its discomforts showed their excellent grit.

On this march, as in all others when not in presence of the
enemy, the regiment moved in loose, open order, the men tak-
ing the sides and middle of the road as they chose, and carry-
ing their arms at will. This is called taking the "route step'"
It is only required that companies maintain their relative posi-
tions and distances. At the command "Attention," the men
run together and form in compact order, the drums beat giving
them the cadence, and in less than a minute's time the apparent
chaos resolves itself into the beautiful, orderly, regular column
of warfare. A regiment on the march is always a magnificent
spectacle, and whether in open or compact order, impresses the
beholder with its moral power. The field and statf, we might
say here, always ride at the head of the column. Further in
advance, is the Officer of the Day with a guard to close taverns
and liquor stands. In rear are the wagons and provost guard
to pick up stragglers.

The regiment entered Martinsburg at 11 p.m. Camp fires
burnt in all directions. Passing through the village by Gen.
Patterson's order, the regiment marched out on a road easterly
about a mile, and then climbed a steep bank and a stone wall, ar-
riving in a field, on the extreme right fiank of Patterson's army.
The men were excessively tired. As they jumped over the stone

i)( ; . 'I-

JOINING PATTERSON. 5 I

wall, some of them knocked off stones which rattled down
amongst those behind. Some murmurs were uttered at this.
At Kalorama, some disorderly spirits had once groaned at Col.
Clark. The Colonel on this occasion is said to have made an
uncharitable remark about their groaning at the stone wall, as
having now something to groan for. After stacking arms, the
men fell immediately to the ground and slept, such as could
sleep. The excitement of the situation kept some awake. They
were in the presence of an army of 20,000 rebels, commanded
by a General of consummate ability. The picket guards of the
Union army not far away, out in the fields, were firing all night,
firing at nothing as it proved, but still stimulating the imagina-
tions of the soldiers bivouacked around Martinsburgand making
them think gravely of the possibilities of the morrow.

Gen. Patterson was informed in the night that the 19th New
York was uniformed in gray. He sent, forthwith, to have strips
of white cloth tied around the arms of the men to distinguish
them from rebels, in the event of a night attack. Patterson was
always partial to white rags. The 19th was not. It is singular
how many of these disgusting badges were " lost" next day.

Next morning, the baggage wagons came. Tents were pitched
and ihe Cayugas made their second camp on rebel soil. Strong
pickets were thrown out all around the camp to guard its front
and the right Hank of the army.

Capt. Kennedy's brave company, proud of the distinction con-
ferred on it of being detailed to perform the first dangerous
service of the regiment, remained at Hagerstown awaiting the
arrival of Doubleday's gun and ammunition stores, two nights
and one day. It bivouacked at night on sidewalks and in the
depot The gun came, on the 8th, on a platform car. Ten horses
being hitched to it, it took its place in a train of 70 wagons,
which, the Quarter-Master at Hagerstown informed Capt. Ken-
nedy, he was required to escort through to the army. Lieut.-
Col. Seward was present to facilitate matters. About 7 p. m. all
was in readiness. Kennedy gave the order " forward," and the
ojlumn pushed out of the village and made a rapid march to
Wiiliamsport, designing to ford the Potomac that night. It
moved on a double quick nearly the whole distance, reaching
the village at 10 o'clock. The officers went forward tO' inspect
ihe crossing. They found the bridge over the Ohio & Chesa
pt'.ike canal near the river to be unsafe. The train bivouacked
till morning. Meanwhile the bridge was repaired by soldiers
iru-^niing the ford. At 4 A. M. bivouac was broken. A hasiy
breakfast was snatched. The river was forded at sunrise and a

52 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

forced march was madethroufrh the enemy's country to Martins-
burg. On passing Falling Waters, it was ascertained that 300
rebel cavalry, Stewart's, had laid there in the woods, the night
before, awaiting the arrival of Kennedy and expecting to capture
him and the train, which they could easily have done, had he
crossed the Potomac as he had intended in the night. The
train was half a mile long and a single company of soldiers only
guarded it. Arriving at Martinsburg at 6 p. M., the cannon and
wagons vyere turned over to the Quarter-Master, Company B's
boys went on to camp, proud of their achievement but tired as
they were never before in their lives. This meritorious little
affair called attention in Patterson's army to the 19th New York
Volunteers, and was one of the many acts which gave it its great
reputation for daring. Old army officers shook, their heads,
however, over it, for its venturesomeness.

Later in the war, a rebel Captain told Capt. Stewart that the
rebel cavalry were still actually in that vicinity when Kennedy
passed. Concealed in a piece of woods they saw the train pass
by. They were only deterred from pouncing on it by the belief
that a large force of Union infantry must be following close at
hand, which would have prevented them getting away with their
booty.

Just as day was breaking on the roth of July, Gen. Sanford
arrived at Martinsburg with the 5th and 12th New York Militia.
He had marched all night to come up from Williamsport.
Filing into a lane to the lett of Camp Cayuga, the 12th pitched
tents in the next field. The 5th followed suit near by — camping
near the 28th New York.

These four regiments, viz : 5th New York Militia, Col.
Schwarzwalder ; 12th New York Militia (Zouaves), Col. Dan
Butterfield ; 19th New York Volunteers, Col. Clark, and 2Sth
New York Volunteers, Col. Dudley Donnelly, with a Rhode
Island Battery of six 12 pound guns, were brigaded on nth of
July as the 8th Brigade, under the command of Col. Schwarz-
walder. This brigade, with the 7th, under Colonel, afterwards
Gen. Stone, killed at Ball's Bluff, comprising the forces from
New York, 8,000 strong, constituted the 3d division of Patter-
son's army, and were under the command of Maj.-Gen. Sand-
ford. On the r3th of July, Col. Schwarzwalder was relieved
from command of the 8th brigade, owing to ill health. He was
succeeded by Col. Buttertield, under whom the 5th, 12th, 19th
and 28th New York went, shoulder to shoulder, on the North
Virginia campaign.

CURfOSITY TO SEE A REBEL. 53

The army of Patterson comprised thirty regiments, 23,000
sironj;, and two batteries. It lay at this time in the fields and
on the hills south of Martinsburg, with a front to the enemy a
mile in length. It confronted 20,000 rebels under Gen. Joe
Johnston, encamped at Bunker Hill, a little village a few miles
up the valley towards Winchester. The rebel pickets were in
our immediate front, and small bodies of the cavalry scoured the
country on all sides, occasionally making a dash at a^ Yankee
picket post they thought they could capture.

C.imp Cayuga, on the extreme right flank of the Federal army,
held the post of danger. It was compelled, therefore, to be in
constant readiness for emergencies, particularly at night, when
the rebel pickets stealing up under cover of the gloom would
keep up a perpetual succession of alarms by firing on our lines.
The position of the camp required heavy scout and picket duty
in front of and around it, and the 19th New York did more of
this duty in this campaign than any other in the brigade, and
|>crh.ips than any in Patterson's army. In spite of guard duty
and wakefulness at night, however, the regiment enjoyed several
jjfKxi days' rest and recovered from the fatigues of its late ardu-
<)U> march.

Civiit-ral curiosity was felt by the newly arrived regiments to
wv a rclxfl and any effects of the war. Of the latter, there was
rt^Mj^h in M.artinsburg, where, previous to the evacuation, Gen.
f'-hjivton had destroyed a large quantity of railroad cars and
l'<i;niotivcs and a splendid bridge. All who could obtain a
l-o.** from the camp, went down and inspected these.

The field officers of the 19th were not only anxious to see the
rclxrls, but to capture some. The men were lured out beyond
trie picket lines by this feeling, sometimes, and went on their
own roponsibility, hoping to come across a stray gray jacket,
nnd capture him. One day, the nth of July, Corporal Martin
Wc-bstcr and private S. J. Tobias, of Company I, were out in
this way, foraging, and were captured by a squad of fourteen of
S:cwart's cavalry. The men were returning to camp on the
highway. The cavalry rode up from behind and ordered them
10 hah- They ordered arms when the cowardly rebels fired on
them, wounding Tobias in the hip. Webster returned the fire
xnd dropped a rebel from his horse, and then both the Cayugas
fan f>r the fence which was of stones, and got behind it.
1 he rebels charged on them ; for a few minutes there was a lively
ni'-'cc, both parties thrusting and slashing fiercely, but without
d 'in;; much damage. The rebels jumped their horses over the
ftncc and the r9th boys had to surrender. Ropes were put

54 I9"^H NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

around their necks and they were dragged along at a rapid pace
toward Bunker Hill. Afterwards they were put on horses.
Tobias was made to support in the saddle in front of him the
rebel who was killed, and took advantage of the circumstance to
pick the dead man's pockets of everything valuable they con-
tained. Webster was taken before Gen. Johnston. He was
sharply questioned as to the strength of Patterson's army, but no
threats could extort satisfactory answers from him. Both were
then lodged in Winchester jail and finally sent to Richmond and
put in Libby prison. Sept. 26th, Tobias died from the wound in
his hip. Soon after, Webster went with a batch of 500 prison-
ers to Tuscaloosa, Ala., remaining there three months. After
that he experienced confinement in Salisbury, N. C, and being
at length exchanged rejoined the regiment in June, 1862, in
North Carolina.

While at Martinsburg, Col. Clark sought and received permis-
sion to lead out strong foraging parties towards Bunker Hill to
scour the country and obtain army supplies of the farmers. On
these expeditions, the Colonel was conspicuous for the red shirt
he almost always wore and the big horse he bestrode. Had
there even been a close collision with a rebel scouting party, as
the Cayuga boys, who were spoiling for a fight, hoped there
would be, that red shirt would have made a famous target and
been a source of hazard to its wearer. These chronicles omit
to dwell on the mistvike made one day of firing at a boy with a
bag of meal on a horse in the distance, under the supposition
that he was a secesh vidette. It is too painful ! Let it be said,
however, that the boy was not hit. We turn to a better theme.

(-0I. Clark hoped to catch some rebel cavalry yet. On the
nth he took out, five miles towards Bunker Hill, a foraging
party, composed of four companies of the 19th New York and
three of the 28th. The detachment halted at the house of a
rich valley farmer, known to have a store of the prime objects
of the expedition — corn and hay. The agricultural wealth of
the rebel was promptly seized upon and transferred to the
wagons. While this was going on, preparation was made by
Col. Clark to entrap any unwary party of secessionists that
might come that way. A company of the 2Sth was sent up the
road and placed in ambush in the fields, with orders to permit
any that came, to pass, and cut off its retreat. Into this trap
a part of forty of the rebel Stewart's cavalry came riding directly
after. Some of the 28th had strayed ahead of the out post.
They were discovered and fired on. The 28th boys plunged
into a corn field and escaped. The cavalry did not even then

THE IQTH's skirmish AT MARTINSBURG. 55

%Q*pect, but came on down the road. The main party of the
»avance guard, instead of letting them pass, gave them a volley
of musketry. At this juncture, Col. Clark, who, on hearing the
fifNt firing had formed the reserve companies, was coming up
mi!h ihcm on a hard run. The gray jackets did not wait whtn
they saw the glistening bayonets of this fresh party. They
tircii a vollev, sending a shower of balls whistling among the
Vjnkccs to make for their edification that peculiar music they
4f{cfw.»rds knew so well, a swift, fluttering, whistling hum, and
thc-n Med precipitately. Doubtless, there were some, who, when
ihc rebel " singing birds " flew about their ears, dodged, never
havmg heard of the maxim of immortal Gustavus Adolphus,
•-that there is as much likelihood of dodging into the bullet as
a*av from it." Yet the Cayuga men were cool and intrepid and
their conduct advanced their name as a fighting regiment. In
thii anair, Isaac Fly, of the 28th, was killed, and the sword-
belt of a Lieutenant in the 19th was cut off hya. bullet. Three
of the rebels were wounded.

On "the 13th of July, there occurred in the regiment a memor-
able event. This was no less than the suspension from com-
mand of Col. Clark.

Col. Clark had been selected as commander of the regiment
»::lutut his solicitation or knowledge. It will be remembered,
• e stalcvl that his election had been generally acquiesced in.
I: hi. I indeed even been hailed with enthusiasm by the majority
u< f 4nk and tile, who believed that under a man of his intellect
4*:d physical power, they could serve the country with efficiency
xni honor. Some of the regiment had, however, more for po-
l.f.cal reasons than anything else, failed to give the Colonel their
I'rank and hearty support from the outset. This was exceedingly
unfortunate. To break a regiment of civilians into disciplined
»<>Id;ers, especially at a time when haste is of vital importance,
»», though necessary, an offensive business to men, who, under
'>ur democratic form of government, have never known the iron
rcv.ramt of military despotism. It must inevitably tend to de-
vel-j-H: any latent germs of discontent against an energetic com-
maii'lcr. Well says Kinglake, speaking of an eminent oflicer in
ir.c llritish army, " Energ}' is a disturbing and not ahvays popu-
lar quality." Such was the case in the 19th regiment, and, long
Scfure le.iving Washington, Col. Clark had become unpopular.
fhis unfavorable sentiment was nourished by the Colonel's de-
^.:e to av.iid favoritism, which, being overdone, led him to intuse
-■•It unperiousness into his manner as to repel the very men on
*h u\ ho relied for the warmest support. The feeling became

$6 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

SO Strong that, while at Kalorama, the line officers of the regi-
ment (Capts. Schenck, Stewart and Baker and their Lieutenants
excepted) drew up an accusation against him, alleging incom-
petency to command, harsh and ungentlemanly treatment of
officers and men, profanity, &c., &c. On reaching Martinsburg,
they presented it to Gen. Patterson.

Patterson lent a willing ear to the charges. He did not love
fighting Colonels nor fighting Generals. He recalled Clark's
refusal to join him at Chambersburg, June 6th. He remember-
ed the failure to escort Doubleday's gun with the whole regiment.
Accordingly, on July 13th, an order was issued, relieving Col.
Clark of command, and putting him under arrest to be tried by
Court Martial.

The command of the regiment was immediately assumed by
Lieut.-Col. Seward. Clark accompanied the subsequent marches
of the regiment in this campaign, riding in its rear, after which
be demanded a ^^rial on the charges. No trial, it may be here
said, was ever had, however, the military authorities regarding
the charges as frivolous and beneath notice. Of the Colonel's
final and complete vindication, we shall speak in another chapter.

Patterson's strong, high spirited, well equipped army began
to be impatient at the delay at Martinsburg. It could not
understand why it was not launched forward to crush Johnston."
The rebel army would have crumbled before a bold attack, and
our troops, feeling this, awaited the signal for the rush that
should carry the flag up the Valley to Richmond with chafing
and irritation. That the campaign would eventuate in noth-
ing less than the reduction of that haughty capital was the
conviction of every volunteer. That the task would be easy
was suggested by the apparent fewness of rebels in our front.
A staff officer of the 19th spoke the current thought of the army
in a letter home, when he wrote : " If we resume our search
after rebels, we shall probably find them at Richmond. Our
hopes are strong that we shall soon visit that beautiful city."
Martin Webster and the unfortunate Tobias however, were
destined to be the only Cayuga men to realize that hope till the
glorious week in 1865 that saw the final collapse of the Con-
federacy.

The hours of waiting at Martinsburg were spent m reducing
superfluous baggage, in picket and forage duty and regular
drills.

The long expected advance was at length ordered on the T4th,
the day of a review of the New York regiments by Gen. Sand-
ford. Next rooming, at an early hour, the army broke camp

t' : 1 ■■ fi

ADVANCE TO BUNKER HILL. 57

and formed for an advance to Bunker Hill, eight miles distant,
and nine from Winchester. There were three divisions in the
arnjy. The ist, under command of Maj.-Gen. CadwalJader,
»n<l the 2(1, Maj.-Gen. Kiem, were composed of Pennsylvania
tnjiitia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Indiana and other volun-
tccrv Among them marched a regiment which had fought in
\Vc>:crn Virginia and captured its transportation appliances,
conMstinjj of hacks, stage coaches, lumber wagons, c-c. The
,Vi lii^i'jion was that of Gen. Sandford, comprising the 7th and
iih ()ri;;adc3. The ist and 2d divisions marched on the Win-
chester turnpike. They formed a column with their wagons
»<-\c«ior eight miles long, whose van reached Bunker Hill before
the rcir left Martinsburg. Gen. Sandford's division was assem-
ble*! on the Winchester turnpike, but, a short distance out, took
a iivic road to the left and marched in an independent column
on the left of the army, though in communication with the main
1<h!v across the country by a line of skirmishers. The infantry
«f the division moved in a column on each side of the road,
• ith the artillery and baggage train, guarded by a detachment,
in the center on the road. The division was five miles long.
The 19th New York brouglft up and guarded the rear.

In the early part of the day, as the 19th was hastening to
fxih itN place in line, it passed a number of regiments of the
oihcf dr.isions formed on the road. It was then that the shoddy
«').' tins l>}rc with weight on the pride of the men of Cayuga.
A Miwarhusctts regiment stood in the road, splendidly equipped
4» «rrc .iJI the forces in the field of that patriotic State. It wore
Kar;Jvin)e uniforms, and had strong, elegant wagons, with every-
tK^n^ cmplete for comfort. As the 19th New York passed,
.-i^^hs of derision were heard and a soldier called out, " Where's
«•••»: regiment from?" A volunteer in Angel's company put a
{:>^h1 l.ice on the matter and raised a laugh by replying, that "it
»A» a regiment of convicts from Auburn, let out of prison on
co-ivii'jon thu they would serve." He pointed'out various officers
<'. %!riking appearance as notorious robbers, thieves and forgers,
ir.d Hound up by indicating his Colonel as a famous murderer.
I r.'.- pleasantry was harmless, though rough, but the appearance
w ihc K^th gave plausibilitv to his ffrim joke.

r>n approaching Bunker Hill, at night fall, the sound of firing
, f!->4:td m from the advance. The rebel Stewart, with 600 cav-
*'•':•'. *.is preparing to dispute the road with our leading regi-
f^-rnrs. whrn the Rhode Island battery taught them a lesson and
^^^' ''•'■'" frying in disorder. The firing electrified the Federals,
*••' ■•;'• lung, dark columns of men pushed forward in haste, but
«..c u^hi was over before any could come up.

58 IQTH NEW-i'ORK INFANTRY.

Passing through the village, a place consisting of three or
four mills and a few houses, the 8th brigade marched out a
short distance and went into camp on the extreme left of the
army, within eight miles of Winchester, and near the turnpike.
The scenery of this region proved to be of the most picturesque
and lovely description. The husbandmen of the valley were
just gathering the wheat harvest, and the dark green of groves
and the deep blue of distant mountains mingled in singular
beauty with the golden yellow of broad fields of grain, in the .
prospect. It was the good fortune of the 19th New York to
encamp in a capacious wheat field, where the grain had just
been cut and placed in shocks. The wagons being miles be-
hind, the New York Division had no tents that night and these
wheat sheaves softened the asperities of the bivouac most
acceptably.

It was contrary to the stringent orders of the tender-hearted
Patterson to forage upon the inhabitants of the Valley. A great
deal of it took place, notwithstanding. The army believed in
the maxim of subsisting on the enemy. Undoubtedly, however,
high military reasons existed for putting the practice under per-
emptory ban. A month before, Beauregard had, in a blatant
proclamation, asserted that the South was invaded for ravage,
for " beauty and booty," as he expressed it. It became desira-
ble, at this stage of the war, to convince the South of the un-
truth of the assertion. Hence Patterson imperatively forbade
foraging in his army, and tried to stop it. Lieut. Col. Seward's
very first order, issued on arriving at Bunker Hill, was on this
subject. Said that document : "The object of the journey of
the Army of the North is to protect the property of the United
States, not to plunder the property' of citizens."

But when the Cayuga men stacked arms on the afternoon of
the 15th of July, and broke ranks for supper, there was that
pressing on their attention, which then was of far greater present
importance to them than the ease and convenience of Virginia
rebels. They were hungry and almost supperless. Their com-
missary only afforded a scant allowance of hard-tack and salt
pork, and the gnawings of empty stomachs prompted them to
cast their eyes upon the forb'idclen poultry and cattle with which
the farms all around swarmed. The temptation was irresistible.
On various excuses, with permits and without, the men managed
to send out foragers — ^jayhawkers, as they were then and there-
after called — and there was a general ransacking of the neigh-
borhood for fresh provisions. Chickens, turkeys, several sheep,
cows and calves, and other domestic game, soon found their

PATTERSON HANGS BACK. 59

wav into camp. Not only that night, but the following day, the
t9th New York feasted on the fat of the land. Jayhawkery,
once bei^in, took in other things than provisions. Some of the
men caiipht horses, and made the field roar with their frantic
and riiiiculous equestrianism, while an old lady's wardrobe was
made to do scarecrow dutv on the facetious but scandalous volun-
teers. One fellow seized' on a quantity of what he supposed to
be Hour, to regale his mess with pancakes and gTa\7 for a turkey
stew. To his speechless astonishment, on seeing his pancakes
stitfen and his gravy refuse to run, he found his treasured bag of
rtour to be plaster of Paris.

Foraging was common in all the Federal regiments. Yet Pat-
terson, who bore ill will toward the regiment of Col. Clark,
searched the camps and had several tons of dressed mutton,
veal, bams, and other foraged provisions, brought in army
w.i^'ons to the camp of the 19th and there buried, to affix a repu-
tation for javhawking, especially on that regiment. The event
Is of historical importance, as Patterson afterwards gave, as one
of the reasons why he did not attack Johnston, that his com-
mand was short of provisions and could not get up his supplies
and attack Johnston too.

On the 1 6th tents were pitched, but struck next morning.
Kach night at this place, the regiment was called under arms
and slept with equipments strapped on and muskets stacked
within reach.

Gf n. Scott's orders to Patterson were of a nature to warrant
fhe expectation of an immediate attack on Johnston. The
Lieutt-nantGeneral hoped to meet the rebel army under Beaure-
K.ird. near Manassas Junction, and tear it to pieces. Then, by
a r.ipid movement, advance upon and capture Richmond. To
etffct this, it was required of Patterson to operate heavily on the
trait' >r horde of Johnston at Winchester, destroying it, or, at any
rate, by threatening demonstrations keep it in check and prevent
it from going to help Beauregard out in his battle with Scott.
Sco!t gave Patterson specific instructions on this point. He
%.iid, in an order to that General : " If not strong enough to
Ix-at the enemy, make demonstrations so as to detain him in the
vallry of Winchester." But Patterson hung back. His tardy
advances were only the fruit of repeated, peremptory orders
frr.m Washington. And when the decisive moment arrived,
*lu-n his magnificent army hung threateningly on the very out-
r-»sts of the rebel force, and the Union and Confederate armies
ri^r.xT Manassas were gathering for the bloody battle of Bull Run,
he time to a dead halt-

60 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

Old Gen. Sandford was a man of different stamp. With all
the fire and activity of a young commander, he reconnoitered
the country towards Winchester, incessantly urged an advance
upon the enemy and offered to lead any attack with his Division.
He did not propose to assault Johnston in his fortified camp at
Winchester, armed, as it was, with heavy guns from Norfolk.
He wanted to place his Division between Johnston and the
Shenandoah, which would have compelled him to fight us there,
on our own ground, or remain in camp, either of which was what
the Government desired. On the night of the i6th he had a
new road cut through the woods to the Opequan creek, a small
stream with romantic wooded banks, running here parallel with
the Shenandoah, east and south of his camp, intending to send
his Division down on side roads, next morning, to seize upon
the roads leading out from Winchester to Snicker's and Ashby's
Gaps in the Blue Mountains, which the rebels would have to
take to escape. Three hours would have sufficed to make the
movement, the New York soldiers would have won undying
honor and made Bull Run a gjorious triumph for Federal arms.
A forward movement of some kind was expected that night in
the camp of the 19th New York. Gen. Patterson rode up in
front of the camp in the afternoon. He stopped a moment near
a crowd of Cayuga men. He said he expected an engagement
next day, and asked if the Cayugas would stand by him. They
shouted Yes ! and gave three tremendous cheers. The General
then said, " I can trust that regiment. A soldier who cheers
well, fights well." He then rode away. The boys felt flattered,
no doubt, but they soon knew that this affair was all mummery,
and a deliberate act of deception.

During the night or the i6th. Gen. Sandford received orders to
march at daybreak. But not on Johnston. The ist and 2d Di-
visions were to move first. Sandford's Division was to bring up
the rear and proceed to Charlestown, a village twelve miles dis-
tant, towards Harper's Ferry, on a line exactly at right angles
to that which it was necessary to take to fight Johnston. It was
a very polite manner of opening the gate to the cornered John-
ston, and inviting him to walk out of the fix he was in and hie to
the assistance of Beauregard. Gen. Sandford, with agonized
feelings, called up his regiments under cover of the night, though
he did not give out where they were going. About 3 a. m. the
army began the movement of the 17th of July. The pickets of the
19th New York were called in about 4 o'clock, to find their
comrades under arms, eating breakfast. The Sth Brigade moved
almost immediately, bringing up the rear of the array. The 19th

! O

THE FLANK MARCH TO CHARLESTOWN. 6l

New York fjuarded the extreme rear, occupying as usual the
jx)>t of danger and honor, the rear being only secondary in
honor to the advance. The men began this march joyfully.
Thi-y dreamed of no other destination than Winchester, being
given to unilerstand that a circuitous route was taken because
the ro ul direct was barred by felled trees, earthworks, &c. The
tun WIS rising on a day, they felt, when the heroes of New York
ci|>rct<-d to make a glorious history. They were full of ardor
and rnthusiasm. Gen. Patterson and staff stood in the road on
h<)f-»<'b.ick, as the long dark-blue columns passed, bristling with
j;!r4ming steel, with battle flags and banners waving gaily on
the freeze, and hope and fight beaming from every eye. Each
f'^imcnt as it passed greeted the group of horsemen with deaf-
ening cheers. Doubleday, speaking of the spirit of the men,
»4ys : " They seemed as eager for action as men could be, ex-
cjt«-d in the highest degree at the idea of getting a fight."

Ik-fore the sun was two hour's high, enthusiasm had died out
of the army. It had comprehended the cowardice and incom-
{^•Jrncy of its dramatic commanding General. This was no
movement on Winchester. The road, leading to that place, had
l<jng U-en passed by the head of the army. The dejection of
thr ic^ih New York was extreme. "Retreat," "retreat," was
• h'.\5H;rf:<| from rank to rank, and some very strong expressions
»-ft.*c jorth from officers and men. Those who had a talent for
»?ft,;i^ t.ilk give their friends some very lively samples of what
itxy r.tu'.U cli» in the way of rapid, red-hot verbal coinage.

ihc ^^^^e^.lls found themselves closely watched on this march
i'V X trxly of rebel cavalry, which followed them on parallel
f»'jdi .it)d would occasionally wheel out into distant fields and
i^\y^ «[> within easy range of observation. As the rear of the
j!my p.i^sed over a hill at Smithfield, a country village halfway
to Ch ulcstown, the cavalry made its appearance in a piece of

• vh'.s opjx)site to it and so near that it was thought to indicate

• <ir>,ign to attack. The 8th Brigade was accordingly formed on
tJ-.e hill in a line of battle, displaying its entire front, four regi-

• tnr-Ms long, toward the enemy. The 19th New York came up
I'-r hill a mile on a run to take its place in line. It occupied a
jjT4'>sv field sloping down toward the obnoxious piece of woods,
an<i as usual was called on when fighting was expected. Com-
p.inv (I, Capt. Stewart, was sent out to the front and deployed
»H sWirniishers, with orders to advance into the woods and find
'Mj; •.vhit was in them. But the vnlorous chivalry was too nim-
'.«• I'vl rode Off in a great hurry with some of Doubleday's shells
••..ii'g .liter them and Company G found the woods empty. No

62 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

more rebels were seen that day, though in the distance the flash
of arms was visible and clouds of dust. A short halt on the
hill allowed the men rest, when the march was resumed. It was
a fearful tramp for green soldiers. The distance, being twelve
miles, with the alternate fording of streams and march over
dusty roads, under a blazing sun, proved very exhausting.

At sundown, the army bivouacked at Charlestown. The 19th
New York occupied a wheat field south of the village, adjoining
that in which John Brown was executed and only a few rods
from the very spot where the historical tragedy took place. As
the enemy was supposed to be m the neighborhood, a strong
picket line was thrown out all around the army. The 19th New
York sent out its whole right wing of five companies. The far-
ther Patterson was from the enemy, the more alarmed he was.
It was an intensely dark night, and under its cover our scouts
ranged as far as the Blue Ridge, five miles away. In Company
A, Lieut. White, which was posted out on the Winchester road
in a piece of woods, that night, there was a sensation. A cav-
alry patrol came riding up the road. The picket cried, " Hah."
The cavalry could not be seen in the darkness, but Company A
heard a host of sabers hurriedly leaping from their scabbards
^nd the cavalry preparing to charge. Before any harm was
done, it was discovered they were friends.

During the night, Capt. Stewart and others on the picket line
heard a distant, steady murmur in the direction of Winchester.
The Captain considered it his duty to find out what it meant.
Taking Lieut. Wall, Corp'ls Sidney W. Palmer, S. A. Bates and
'two or three others, he went far out to the front, across fields
and through woods, some miles, till the nebulous murmuring
sound distinctly resolved itself into the rumbling of cannon and
wagons, while the clash of sabers and rustle of infantry indicat-
ed the passage of a part of Johnston's army. Whither it was
bound was shrouded in mystery deep as the pitchy darkness of
the night ; but, that rebels were astir at this hour was important
intelligence, and Capt. Stewart sat down under a tree and imme-
diately wrote a dispatch to Lieut.-Col. Seward in reference to it,
using a hat for a table, while Corp'l Palmer burnt nearly a box
of matches to afford the required illumination. The dispatch
was sent by a cavalryman to headquarters. No attention, how-
ever, was paid to it. In thti morning, Stewart again reported
the march of Johnston's forces and the tidings sent to Patter-
son, through Col. Butterfield, commanding the brigade.

On July 13th, Gen. Scott had telegraphed to Patterson : " If
the enemy retreats in force towards Manassas, and it would be

STEWART DISCOVERS JOHNSTON's MARCH. 6^

h-vzardous to follow him, then consider the route via Keyes's
Ferry, Hillsboro, Leesburg, (Sec. ; " meaning, that Patterson
should rush to the assistance of Scott. When Capt. Stewart's
tdinj^s were brought in, contirmed as they were by advices dur-
iit!» the day, of liie march the morning of the i8th, of John-
ston's iiifantr)', it was supposed Scott's orders would be carried
cput. That afternoon. Major Doubleday, of the artillery, was
d;mng with the regimental headquarter's mess of the igrh New
Y'jrW. While smoking, after dinner, one of the staff officers
A»kcd iJoubleday why Patterson did not march to join Scott or
McDowell at Centerville. The Major replied, turning to the
l«jc kidge and pointing to a gap in it, "Through rhat gap lies
the road to Centerville. By forced marches we can get to Ma-
r.A'.sas as soon as Johnston. Before daylight to-morrow you will
be in that gap on the march." The Major was mistaken, how-
ever. The army remained at Charlestown, and anger and mor-
tinc-uion were rife throughout the regiment and the whole com-
Bund. (We are indebted to Surgeon Dimon for this and other
viiucd items in relation to this campaign.)

While at this place, the Cayuga volunteers visited the scene of
I' hn Ifrown's last hours; the court house, with its four white
bfu k p:ilars, the jail, the church on whose spire the old man's
r\c\ rvNted on that bright December day, when he stood upon
t>-c JjT.d ^caffold, Everybody secured mementoes. A tree,
i^i.-d n^ near the scene of execution, was literally carried away
I «•' rmcul. A table in the jail, used by Brown, suffered a simi-
U.' JiJc. ^^ A tenacious clay in the field of the execution, forming
in ctfcl'cnt substitute for meerschaum, was carried away in
q-4it!ti:icv and wrought into capital pipes.

^ Cjiitp regulations were strictly enforced at Charlestown. No
. .'4^in- was permitted. The men subsisted on rations of five
r-Jf i tacK, i\\e ounces of salt pork or beef, and cotfee.

i»:e ni-hi, while here, Major Ledlie's life was attempted by a
fcU-1 tarmcr. While posting pickets on a hillside, the farmer
J-^r.l .u him with a shot gun, but fortunatelv missed his aim.
Our pi.-kcts promptly arrested him and sent him to camp.

The army broke camp earlv Sundav morning, |ulv 21st and
marched to Harper's Ferry. It felt the degradation' of this re-
<:c«; tieeply. On arriving at Harper's Ferrv. Gen. Patterson,
»!5:.e p.isMng the camp of a Pennsvivania regiment, commanded
J»v his own son, was loudly groaned. He was also groaned bv
v,nic of the New York troops. That dav Bull Run' was fou-ht
''> thr I nion army under Gen. Scott, and lost, owing directly to
* -»:ttr>tjn s delinquency.

^U .1 Vi

64 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY,

The 8rh Brigade went into bivouac on a range of steep, partly
wooded romantic hills, crossing the promontory, at the point of
which Harper's Ferry stands, called Bolivar Heights. The
range extends from the Potomac to the Shenandoah river,
several miles in length. Midway from river to river, there is a
depression in the range through which runs the turnpike to
Charlestown. The first hill north of this turnpike was crowned
by an earthwork thrown up by the rebels under Johnston, a few
months previous, and evacuated by them in June. Six heavy

■ cannon had been mounted there, their black muzzles -pointing
westward, to cover and guard the Charlestown road, through open-
ings cut in the woods. These guns now lay on the ground,
spiked, with their carriages burnt. It was to this position that
the 19th and 5th regiments were sent, and they camped where
the 2d Mississippi rebels had camped before them. Love letters
and sick reports of the Mississippians littered the ground.

Heavy scouting and picket duty was required of the 19th here.
' f'^^. Its promptitude on all occasions won the remark from Major
. Doubleday, that " he would rather have the ragged 19th New
York at his back, than any regiment in the army." On the 23d,
the regiment was sent to occipy a position on the heights, on
what was called Rattlesnake Hill, a mile or more to the left and
in advance, to cover and protect a party of engineers, who were
tearing up the Winchester and Harper's Ferry railroad. Inces-

■ sant vigilance was demanded here. Picket duty was done by
companies. The regiment remained well together. Straying
was not tolerated. Water was brought from a babbling brook
in a deep ravine on the rear, and here, on the stubble of a v.heat
field, without tents, and part of the time without blankets, the
regiment lay ready to spring to arms on a moment's warning,
should a disturbance on the picket line indicate an attack by the
enemy. The rebels were known to be in the vicinity, their scouts
being occasionally seen in the front. The regiment was called
under arms at night fall, and slept in the open field in line of
battle.

■'■\

P ATTEkSON RELIEVED BY BANKS. 6$

IV.

ALONG THE POTOMAC.

^*nrfV>« relierH by Binlci — Retreat to Pleasant Valley — On Maryland Height?
■ Atnlmtk — New Uniforms Arrive — Kennedy's Raid on Lovcttsville — The
T«lk tbomt Going Home — The Regiment Turned Over for the Whole Two
V»jr» — Politiciani Keep Back the News — Seward's Order — To Hyattstown —
A«(wt ti4 — Brutal Treatment by the Authorities — The Recusants — Guard-
•■•I ik* DivUioB Sipply Train — Consolidation Talked Of — Desertions — Col.
C'.uk RrtifU — Conversion to Artillery— r At Frederick — Sent to Hancock —
UMkntCUae^To Wajkington.

Thf rijffirmw policy of Maj.-Gen. N. P. Banks at Baltimore,
r '! iwin;» that of Gen, Butler, produced the most beneficial eltect
«;»->n th*i foul nest of traitors and commended him to the ap-
f'.'vir.jj consideration of Government. The failure of Patterson
ir'juirinj; an instant change in the commander of the Union
amjy on ttw opper Potomac, Government relieved Patterson and
v-o! hira home. It then sent Gen. Banks to Harper's Ferry lb
-^TiTnand in his stead, and he arrived at the Ferry, July 25th.
He made an immediate tour of the camps to acquaint himself
• iJh the situation. A large body of Pennsylvania militia having
^v thu time gone home, on the expiration of their sixty days
I'lm of service, Gen. Banks had but few troops left besides the
»»o New York brigades. He momentarily expected an attack,
f<-T the rebels were breathing fury at him for his course at Balti-
ni-^rr, and it was in their power now to hurl nearly their whole
ajn^y suddenly upon him, and envelope him. Acting on old
Kr\uluiionary General Greene's maxim, "calculate that your

66 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

enemy will always do what he ought to do," Gen. Banks resolved
to cross the Potomac and establish his army on the Maryland
side.

Supply and baggage trains went across on the 26th. The
Rhode Island battery went up to strengthen the outer line
guarded by the 19th New York, and, on the 28th, the army
withdrew from Harper's Ferry across the Potomac, the move
ment protected by the strong rearguard of the 8th Brigade.

The Cayuga regiment received its orders for the march about
midnight of the 27th. Capt, Kennedy was ordered by Gen.
Banks to take his company and those of Gavigan, Schenck and
Stewart and move at once on special service. Leaving Rattle-
snake Hill at 2 p. M., the detachment was joined by two guns of
the Rhode Island battery, and marched rapidly to the rear,
passing through the little village of Bolivar and then the
silent streets of Harper's Ferry to the Potomac. Fording the
river near the ruined railroad bridge, burnt by the Vandals un-
der Johnston, the detachment was confronted on the other side
by the abrupt, defiant, stony precipices of Maryland Heights,
which, tufted with trees and vines, tower to the sky almost per-
pendicularly from the river side. At the base of these gloomy
heights, there is only space enough for a wagon road and the
Ohio and Chesapeake Canal. Getting out on the wagon road,
the detachment moved up the river a short way and then by a
steep, winding, stony road reached the Heights, to a point about
half way up. The guns were dragged up by hand by superhuman
exertions and placed in a position to overlook and command
Harper's Ferry and the region towards Bolivar Heights. The
infantry companies were disposed around the battery, with
orders to lie quiet and concealed until relieved. Gen. Banks
had ordered this service for the purpose of seizing and holding
Mar)-land Heights and covering the withdrawal of the army
from Virginia. Major Stebbins of Banks's staff visited the spot
•during the day to enjoin perfect secrecy on the ambush.

The movement of the army began early and was a fine sight.
The mountain side, where the little detachment of Cayuga and
Rhode Island men were perched, commanded a perfect view of
the region around and beyond Harper's Ferry, the village itself
and the ground beyond which the Federals were evacuating be-
ing in the immediate foreground. Loudon Heights rose with
steep, craggy, picturesque front, across the river, separated by
the blue current of the Shenandoah from the Ferry. It was a
huge, bold mountain, the abutment of the Blue Ridge on that
bank of the Potomac — just as Maryland Heights were on the

t./..L ra-fi:

IN CAMP IN PLEASANT VALLEY. ^J

oorth side of the river. Looking towards Harper's Ferry the
round top of Bolivar Heights rose up behind and beyond the
Shenandoah Valley sketched away into hazy perspective,
bound by distant blue mountains. As the sun rose, a long
procession of infantry, wagons and artillery gathered from the
hill and vales at Bolivar, and came down the steep, dusty hill to
the Ferry. It slowly forded the river, ascended the bank and
djsappe.ired from view of thosQ on the Heights, as it wound
around the base of the frowning cliffs and pressed its march to-

• ariis the broad valley on the south side of the mountain. The
pa;;cant appeared strikingly beautiful in the golden sunlight of
ihe bhpht, warm day. A soft murmur floating up from the host,
ail intermingling of tap of drum and note of silvery bugle, the
rufnbling of wagon wheels and splashing of water, increased the
romantic effect of the movement. As some of the regiments
forded the river, however, they discharged their loaded rifles at
the iupfoscd vacant Heights. The sharp rattle of musketry
rrcalleil the party in ambush thereon from romance to reality,
and this fusillade became very annoying to it. A hail storm of
bulicts crackled through the woods all day. Many flew danger-
o«%ly cIdhc with angry hiss.

Hy nipht, the army had crossed and gone into bivouac in
I'l'-ivant Valley, a romantic and lovely region, lying between two
Vi.iv r4n;;rs of the Blue Mountains, and at and around Sandy
\K '-K and Knoxville, two little places, a few miles apart, on the
\f»t*:and bank of the Potomac, just below Harper's Ferry,
>»r><f\ H<>-)k. the nearest, being only a mile from the Ferry, in
l''.'->%an: Valley.

T';e companies on Maryland Heights, being relieved at ntght-
fai), rrjomcil their comrades in Pleasant Valley. The encamp-
ment of the 19th New York they found a mile and a half from
the nver, on the western side of the valley, on the side of a semi-
c^rrular hill, with deep, cool wooded glens around it and
Mir>jand Heights rising dark behind it. The 5th New York

• a» rncami>ed on a hill west of the 19th. To the east, lay the
ij'h. and all through the valley were scattered the snow-white
ca:np<i of the rest of the army.

Here the Cayuga regiment was encamped for three weeks.
Wrir. also, it was rejoined by a detachment of sick and nurses,

• h^ h had b*^en left at Kalorrima. The regiment was held under
» K d •ii'wipline. and improved rapidly in steadiness and soldierly
^""jf^rj. Guard duty along the Potomac, and the canal and
Ti.r. j.j on its bank, from Sandy Hook to Berlin, required daily
•i<-:A«.hmcnts from the companies. The upper Potomac at this

68 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

time formed the frontier of war in this quarter. The Union
forces, under Banks, held and acted on the north bank, from
Williamsport, twenty miles above Pleasant Valley, to the Mono-
cacy, twenty miles below. The rebels watched the fords and
scouted along the river on the Virginia side. Our pickets
pften talked with the rebel pickets, and met them half way in the
stream and exchanged papers.

During July, twenty-one men were discharged from the 19th
for disability, used up by hard service.

July 29th, Gen. Banks issued orders for the reorganization of
his army. So many militia regiments had gone home, that the
old brigades were all cut up, and now the new three years' regi-
ments, raised under the President's second call, were arriving,
sometimes five or six in a day. As the old 8th Brigade was, in
a day or two, to lose the 5th and 12th Militia, a consolidation
with other regiments of the army was effected, and a new bri-
gade was temporarily formed, designated as the ist of the army.
It embraced the 2d United States Cavalry, Col. George H.'
Thomas ; 2d New York and 9th Rhode Island batterj' ; 19th
New York Volunteers, Col. Clark ; 28th New York Volunteers,
Col. Donnelly ; 28th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Lt. Col. Geary ;
and the 2d Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. Mann. It was placed
under the command of Col. George H. Thomas, afterwards one
of the most renowned Generals of the armj'. Col. Thomas was
a specimen of the perfect soldier. Of a fine personal presence,
he was gentlemanly, considerate of the kind of forces he had to
command, without a single bad habit, and a brave and daring
officer. He was loved and respected by every soldier in his
command. Green as the troops were, he could have led them
anywhere, and they would have done their duty under him to the
last man.

July 30th, excitement and joy agitated Camp Cayuga. Regu-
lation uniforms came. They had been following the regiment
for a month. That night, on dress parade, the Cayugas wore
for the first time the long sighed for, comfortable army blue.
•The shoddy, worn and torn to rags, was cast off with a parting
shudder. Gov. Morgan's shoddy shoes having worn out, leaving
half the men barefoot, foot gear was next supplied by borrowino-
five hundred pairs of new shoes from Connecticut and Massa-
chusetts regiments encamped in the Valley. New life for a while
thrilled the whole command.

The regiment again pined for active service. Opportunities
for a fight with the rebels were eagerly watched for. About
this lime, one presented itself. At a little cluster of houses on

A , ilO' . i> : •'

Kennedy's raid on lovettsville. 69

the Potomac, called Berlin, a road comes down from the interior
of Maryland, crossing the river at a ferry into Virginia, thence
on to Leesburg, 20 miles away, where were stationed four or five
rebel regiments. On our side, the ferry was guarded by pickets
of the 28th New York. From information brought in by Union
men, it was gathered that a cavalry patrol regularly came down this
road from Leesburg, every day, to a little village called Lovetts-
ville, three miles from the river. Capt. Kennedy of the igth
devised the idea of making a dash at Lovettsville and capturing
the patrol. His request was granted by General Banks.
August 8th, by special orders. Company B, 35 men ; Company
E, Lieut. Taylor, 24 men ; Company F, Capt. Stephens, 25
men; and Lieut. S. C. Day, with 17 men from various com-
panies, loi in all, were detailed and placed under Capt. Kenne-
dy's command for this purpose. Proper preparations were made
for the raid, and the party, in light marching order, with three
days' rations in haversacks, and a plentiful supply of ammunition,
crossed the Potomac in boats that night. Dr. Dimon going along
as Surgeon. At i a. m. the men were formed in column and led
rapidly by a rough and crooked road to Lovettsville, where they
arrived before daybreak. No enemy then occupied the village and
the party lay perdu in two barns till 8 a. m., snatching a nap to
recover from the fatigues of the hard night march. An order to
" fall in " was then given and they marched out of the town to a
piece of woods, where they were figuratively posted in ambush,
though in plain sight of everybody passing on the road. At 2
p. M., no rebels appearing, Kennedy turned homewards. On
the way, a long legged Union boy came running down breathless
to say that a cavalry company was in Lovettsville. As the sun
was scorching hot, the party threw off haversacks and coats, and
then double-quicked back under cover of woods and corn fields.
A halt was made behind a stone fence. The rebels discovered
the enemy. " Mount, mount," shouted in sonorous tones their
Captain, and away they went at the top of their speed, the 19th
firing a volley to accelerate their retreat, and then charging into
the village and forming a hollow square to resist cavalry attack.
But the fast-footed Virginians, scampering for the distant re-
cesses of Dixie, did not return. Had Kennedy divided his party
and sent a detachment around to the other side of the village,
before attacking, he probably could have captured them. Capt.
Bowman came running up from the river on hearing the firing.
As no enemy appeared, they all marched back to the Potomac
They forded the river waist deep, swimming a little in pla'Ces
uhere men got out of their depth, and reached camp the ncjtt

70 igra new-york infantry.

morning, with fagged out frames, many with bleeding feet. The
spoils of the expedition were the wounding of seven rebels, the
capture of a rebel carbine, hat and coat, the capture of a rebel
Quartermaster with his team, and the bringing away of some
loyal people of Lovettsville who wanted to go into our lines.
This affair was celebrated in the papers, south and north, as a
battle. It is a specimen of what war was to our inexperienced
and unaccustomed people at the commencement of the rebellion.
While at Pleasant Valley, talk gradually began again about
the term of service of the regiment. The departure of the two
organizations, brigaded with the 19th Volunteers in Virginia, viz :
the 5th and 12th, forcibly suggested the topic. These were old
existing militia regiments, like the 49th in Cayuga county, which
.had, like the 69th, tendered their services to the State for three
months, and being tolerably well-filled organizations, the Gov-
ernor had accepted and sent them on in April to the seat of war.
Their time was now up, and they had been ordered home. The
former broke camp and marched away July 30th. The 12th de-
parted August ist. The Cayuga boys crowded the parade
ground of the encampment to see the 12th off, and experienced
a sense of deep aggravation at hearing the latter's splendid band
strike up, on starting, " Ain't I mighty glad to get out of this
wilderness," which tune it played with intense furore, till the
provoking strains died away in the distance. Going home then
became the ruling theme for a while among camp messes. The
Cayuga boys, feeling that they had been misused, played upon
by politicians from the start, desired their discharge. Com-
pelled to wear a scarecrow uniform, they felt deceived and hum-
bled. They did not fear hardships common to all. Never
were men more willing to meet them. Of this, their cheerful
temper and untiagging hopefulness and zeal, in the camp and
field, in storm and sunshine, and on many a long, weary march
when, the shoddy shoes giving out, they trod the rough road
with bare and bleeding feet, abundantly testify. Nothing that
their commanders ever called on them to do did they ever hesi-
tate to perform faithfully. Neither did the men wish to leave
the service permanently. They simply wanted to go home and
reorganize ; elect their own officers ; and come out again as the
Massachusetts and Connecticut regiments had, equipped credit-
ably to themselves and the State. Many of the men had devel-
oped an unexpected degree of proficiency since they had entered
the service. These hoped and souijht for an opportunity to ob-
taiit commissions and higher rank in the formation of new com-
panies at home, . . , - .

''.1 q&

THE REGIMENT TO BE HELD FOR TWO YEARS. 7 1

And now here appears the folly of the politicians of New
York State in keeping back from our patriotic volunteers the
knowledge of their intended retention for two years. These
politicians knew the decision of the Government in the matter
before the regiment left Kalorama Heights. Why was it not
candidly announced to the men then and there ? Had it been
so proclaimed, accompanied with an explanation of the State
law under which the first New York regiments had been enroll-
ed, which not one in a hundred had read, with also an explana-
tion of the imperative necessities of the country, not a man
among the brave, self-sacrificing warriors of old Cayuga would
have hesitated a moment to renew his engagement of service
enthusiastically. But the politicians kept the truth segret. They
held it back as a secret trap, until, uninformed and misled, the
regiment had come to indulge in desires and expectations that
illy prepared it to receive suggestions of a full two years' ser-
vice under the then existing auspices. Nothing had reached the
regiment but rumors.

While encamped at Pleasant Valley, several officers of the
19th sought to obtain some definite clue as to the fate of the
command by consultation with Gen. Banks, The General gave
them to understand it to be his conviction that no power could
legally hold the 19th in the army, after the expiration of the
term for which it was mustered into it. Army ofiicers generally
thought the same. We shall see in time how McClellan himself
thought so. Lieut-Col. Seward, on the 6th of August, gave
official endorsement to the supposition that the regiment would
be discharged on the 2 2d of the month, in an order to the regi-
ment which forbade gambling and said : " It is earnestly recom-
mended to the soldiers to retain their pay, as it niay be needed
to defray the expenses of the journey home from Elmira." This
seemed to settle the matter. All supposed they were going
home. Preparations were made for the event and the mails
bore from camp a heavy freight of letters, notifying friends to
expect an early arrival.

But this expectation was delusive. In the latter part of Julv,
the War Department had made requisition on New York State
for the full two years' service of the following two years' regi-
ments which had been mustered for three months: 12th New
York Volunteers, Col. Walrath ] 13th New York Volunteers,
Col. Quimby ; 19th New York Volunteers, Col. Clark ; aist
New York Volunteers, Col. Rogers, and 26th New York Volun-
teers, Col. Christian. In response, an order was issued August
2d from the General Headquarters of New York, at Albany,
viz.; —

72 rgXH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

" Special Orders, No. 323 : — His Excellency, the President,
desiring the further services of the 19th regiment, New York
State Volunteers, and having made requisition upon the Gover-
nor of this State, therefore, Col. Clark is hereby directed, on
the expiration of the term for which the regiment was mustered
into the service of the United States, (August 22, i86i,) to re-
port with his command to the Adjutant General of the army, for
duty under the orders of the United States Government, for the
remainder of the term of enlistment of the regiment into the ser-
vice of the State of New York.

By order of the Commander-in-Chief.

D. Campbell,
Assistant Adjutant General.'^

* Col. Clark came into Camp Cayuga on the 12th of August
with tidings of this order. For a moment the revulsion of feel-
ing was great and the men characterized the proceeding as ar-
bitrary and unjust. The commanding officer of the 19th there
lost a golden opportunity. Had he proclaimed in camp, Sec-
tion 3d of the act of New York of April 16, 1861, the men would
have read their duty with a clear eye and promptly acquiesced.
The Section provides that volunteers enlisted under it "shall be
liable at all times to be turned over to the service of the United
States, on the order of the Governor, as part of the Militia of
the State, upon the requisition of the President, &c., &c." It
would have settled the matter at once. The men would have
seen the reasonableness of turning them over. What they re-
volted at was the high-handed, arbitrary character of the pro-
ceeding, the only feature of it they saw. The line officers shared
the feelings of the men fully. A sentiment of loyalty ind honor,
however, decided them to submit to the order voluntarily.

August i6th, Col. Thomas received orders to move his brigade
from Pleasant Valley to the valley of the Monocacy and encamp

, at the village of Hyattstown, 10 miles south of Frederick.

The 19th struck camp next day and with the whole brigade
moved by short, though toilsome marches, over slippery, satu-
rated roads, to the designated point, camping on the way at
Jefferson and Buckeystown. On the evening of the 21st, the
regiment pitched tents at Hyattstown on the slope of a verdant
hil], in the midst of the camps of the brigade and army, which
filled this beautiful portion of the valley. Near the hill was the
headquarters of Gen. Banks. News reached the men here that
the people of Auburn thought they ought to remain in the ser-
vice and " show their manhood by fighting the thing through."

AUGUST 22D. 7$

The regiment thought that people did not understand the ques-
tion very well at home. It proposed, however, fo stay and fight
it through, quite unanimously. Some grumbled, but the subject
was pretty thoroughly canvassed that night and the majority re-
solved to bury the remembrance of their wrongs and do what-
ever the Government ordered. Little speeches by some of the
Captains to their commands helped determine them.

At 9 A. M., August 2 2d, the drum corps beat the signal for
dress parade. Curiosity brought every man out on the green,
where, in a few moments, Adjutant Stone had the line formed,
and reported the same to Major Ledlie, commanding in the ab-
sence of Lieut. Col. Seward. By the Major's direction, the right
wing then faced to the right, and countermarched, which brought
the two wings in parallel lines facing inwards. While this vyas
being done, what was the astonishment, not to say mortification
and anger, of the 19th, to perceive the 21st Pennsylvania, Col.
Biddle commanding, come up the hill on a run, bristling with
steel, and wheel round into line on the right of the 19th, but facing
it. Col.Thomas's 2d Cavalry, dismounted, approached briskly to
a similar position on the left, with carbines capped and loaded.
And what lay there on the crest of the hill? Not thirty rods
away, a battery of Parrot cannon, Perkins's Rhode Island, un-
limbered, pointed its black, angry muzzles threateningly on our
position, the artillerists lying or sitting on the ground in their
places, ready to spring up and blow the regiment to atoms on a
second's warning. Other regiments were under arms in camps
around the hill. In line of the lane between the two wings of
the 19th, stood Col. Thomas, stern, impassive, with folded arms,
keenly watching the deportment of the terrible, but now wounded
and mortified warriors from the peaceful hills and vales of
far away Central New York, for whom all this muster of forces
had been made. By him were his staff, Col. Clark, and several
reporters.

The meaning of all this was only too obvious, and many a
brave man's eyes filled with tears in the regiment at the un-
merited insult, as in silence all awaited what was coming next.

Major Ledlie, attended by his starT, now came between the
wings of the regiment, and addressed the men as follows: —

"SoMiers of the \qth Regiment, New York Volunteers :

" This is the 224 of August, the day on which your term of
three months expires. But the President has made requisition
for the further services of the 19th regiment, and the Governor
has transferred you to the United States for the remainder of

74 igrn new-york infantry.

the term of two years, for which you enlisted into the State ser-
vice, which will be one year and eight months."

Adjutant Stone then read Special Order No. 323, and one or
two Articles of War apropos to the occasion. The men, then
stacking arms, marched a few paces to the rear and again faced
inwards. No attempt was made to explain the matter to the
men, nor was there any protfer of a new muster. Major Ledlie
commanded all who were loyal to advance and take their guns.
Every officer in the regiment stepped forward at the word. Ken-
nedy's and Stewart's companies, B and G, were not a moment ,
behind. Smothering their feelings, they marched squarely up
to the stacked arms. One man in Stewart's company only
lingered behind. Companies C, H and K also moved up all
but unanimously. The larger part of the other companies,
however, resenting the fresh insult of the day, stood fast in their
places. Their officers remonstrated without avail. Two hun-
dred and eighty refused to serve a day longer. They declared
that their time was out. It speaks well for the character of the
19th regiment that, under the circumstances, more of it did
not refuse. In Gavigan's company, one man only took his gun,
and he did so because, having enlisted at Elmira specifically as
a three months' man, his time would expire any way in a short
time. Col. Clark came down and reasoned with Gavigan's men
against standing out, but failed to shake their resolution.
" Well, they show their true Irish grit," he said, as he turned
away and left them.

Col. Thomas at length put an end to the exciting scene by
ordering the recusants under arrest. Capt. Stewart's company
was ordered to guard them till he could bring up the cavalry.
One of the company rebelled at this and threw down his gun,
refusing to stand over his own comrades. The rest complied
quietly but gravely. The cavalry then came up. The recruits
hung their equipments on their guns and marched down hill to
the camp of Col. Biddle's Bucktails, where they were quartered
in the edge of a grove in the old "cow-pen."

The recusants were from the several companies, as follows :
Company .\, 27; Company C, S; Company D, 65; Company
E, 31 ; Company F, 51 ; Company G. 2 , Company H, 6 ; Com-
pany I, 17 ; Company K, i. Total, 203.

After the parade, the residue of the regiment returned to
camp. The morale of the 19th never fully recovered from the
wrongs of that bitter day. It was little consolation to learn
frpm the Rhode Island boys, that had they been ordered to fire

AUGUST 22D. " 75

on the regiment, they would have put their cartridges shot first
into their cannon. Our boys did not fear cannon shot. What
they did feel was the moral wounds inflicted on ihem that day
by distrusting their loyalty, and the brutal use of arbitrary
power in place of reason and an appeal to pride. These gave
them the keenest pangs.

Col. Thomas sent for Capt. Kennedy and Capt. Stewart, dur-
ing the day, to congratulate them separately on the conduct of
their respective commands, and to ask them about the motives
which had actuated those who stood out To Capt. Stewart he
said, when he had heard the whole story of the regiment's hard-
ships, "There is something wrong here. Captain. These men
are not to blame. They have not been treated right." Stewart
alluded to Thomas having placed him as guard over the recus-
ants, and said it was " the hardest thing he had ever done in his
life." Thomas replied, he "only did it to try his pluck."

Gen, Banks treated the recusants considerately. He gave
them plent}' of time to reconsider their action. On the 23d and
24th, various officers of the regiment visited them and made
speeches and remonstrated with them on their conduct at a time
when the country stood in such eminent need of their services ;
and e.xplanations were made, which should have been given to
them at Kalorama, and, but for the imbecility of politicians,would
have been. They were obstinate at first. They declared they
would be sent to the Dry Tortugas, the prison pen of recusants,
a fate which overhung them, rather than return to duty. They
realized their position, however, gradually. Gen. Banks addressed
them wisely and firmly on the 25th, and a hundred or more
finally receded from their resolution and went back to camp.
The endeavors of Father Creedon won back more. Others
• came back from day to day. But twenty-three held out to the
end. Nothing could move them. Even Father Creedon lav-
ished argument on them in vain. They were retained in Col.
Biddle's camp, under guard, until the latter part of September,
when they were sent to Fortress Monroe, court martialed, and
sentenced to hard labor for two years on the fortifications of the
United States. At this place, through the agency of Gen. Wool,
they were pardoned, in Special Order No. 107, Nov. 21, 186 1,
" on condition of serving out the time for which they were en-
listed, honestly and faithfully," in the 2d New York Volunteers,
Col. Carr commanding, then at Newport News. The men ac-
cepted and went into the 2d Cavalry, and made a good reputa-
tion there as soldiers. Their names and companies were as fol-
lows: Company D, Michael Barrett, Wm, Buckley, Thomas

OJ- I

76 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

Burke, Daniel Doyle, James Downell, James Dwyer, Wm. Gal-
vin, Thomas Green, Thomas Head, John Hogan, Patrick Kella-
her, Michael Lacy, Francis McCarthy, John McKean, John
O'Brien, James Tracy; Company E, John L. Crounse, James
Gaffney ; Company G, Morgan L. Joslyn ; Company I, Samuel
Barr, John P. Barber, Walter M. Fowler, Morris Ryan.

After the 2 2d of August, camp was changed to the banks of
Seneca creek, south of Hyattstown. On the 28th, Col. Thomas,
being called to an important command in the West, relinquished
the ist Brigade to Col. Biddle, to the very general regret of the
brigade.

On the 24th of September, Gen. Banks ordered the Cayuga
regiment on special service to Muddy Branch, near the village
of Darnestown, to relieve Col. Mann's 2d Pennsylvania Re-
serves, which had been directed to proceed to TenaJlytown.
Marching to the point indicated, in a rain and over heavy roads,
the 19th made its encampment just south of the turnpike, be-
tween the village of Darnestown and Rockville, near Darnes-
town, and within three miles of the Potomac river. The position
was an important one. Over this turnpike were brought all sup-
plies for Banks's army coming from Washington, and long wagon
trains and bodies of troops were continually passing. On a side
hill at Muddy Branch, a large brook crossing the turnpike
half a mile from the encampment of the 19th, Gen. Banks had
established a depot of distribution for the division. From
one thousand to fifteen hundred loaded wagons were
parked at this point all the while, and trains were arriving and
departing every day. The ammunition and quartermaster and
commissary stores contained in these wagons were immensely
valuable. And as their nearness to the Potomac might tempt a
raid upon them, from some of the 12,000 rebels congregated at
Leesburg, it was essential to have a tried and steady regiment
at hand to guard them. This was the duty imposed upon the
19th Volunteers. In its discharge they remained at Muddy
Branch till December. Every day a detachment of from sixty
to one hundred men, was sent up to the train. More than
once, while here, there were alarms, caused by rebel dashes at
our picket lines, the long roll being beaten on these occasions,
and the whole regiment being called under arms. One time was
on October 20th, the day of the bloody battle and massacre at
Ball's Bluff. The cannonading in that fight was heard plainly
at Darnestown. Another alarm was on October 30th, when six
rebel regiments, with a force of cavalry and artillery, came down
to the Potomac, at Great Falls, a few miles below the camp,

■'^^

V:--.' . •' '.h ' ;.,-'

GUARDING THE SUPPLY TRAIN. Jf

made a menace of crossing, and then came up opposite to
Muddy Branch and repeated the demonstration.

In addition to guarding the supply train, the regiment at
various times while here performed other duties. A company
was sent out to do provost duty in the village of Knoxville,—
Capt. Ammon being made Provost Marshal of the place. On
election day, November 6th, Capt. Schenck with fifty men went
to Gaithersburg, four miles north- east of camp, to preserve the
peace there. Lieut. Wall with fifty men was ordered to report
to Ammon at Rockville for the same purpose. A taste of en-
gineering duty varied the monotony, a few days in November
and December. In obedience to orders. Major Ledlie took out
one hundred men and repaired the roads towards Darnestown,
Rockville and Frederick, filling the holes with stone, brush and
earth. In one place a small bridge was built.

As there was to be a long stay at Muddy Branch, camp was
made as comfortable as possible. Floors were laid in the tents,
trenches dug around them to drain off surface water, bunks
made of poles on crotched stakes, and stoves and fire places in-
troduced. The fire places were a great institution. The 19th
regiment claims the honor of having invented those useful,
though troublesome contrivances, and given them to the Army
of the Potomac. The subject of having fires in the tents was
often talked of by the principal officers, till finally, as cold
weather came on, Dimon, Stewart, and others tried their hands
at making fire places. They succeeded capitally. One day,
Gen. Banks came into Stewart's tent. Major Giles was then
the only one in. Spying the heating arrangement, hs said, " Well,
well, you have a nice thing there. I wish I had one." Giles
offered to make him one and next day went up with some men
and a wagon and did so. The newspaper reporters then got
wind of the invention and the news was scattered broadcast.
Before long, every tent in the i9rh regiment, and in the armv,
had its fire place. They were easily made. A covered ditch,
constituting a sort of flue, ran from the back of the tent five feet
to the rear. Inside the tent, a fire box was constructed in the
ground at the end of the flue, partly excavated and partly
raised, covered on top with a broad flat stone. At the outer
end of the flue, a cob chimney plastered with mud, or a barrel,
was placed, and the work was done. Fires in these drew per-
fectly. An infinite amount of comfort was derived from them,
although they did, once in a while, set tents on fire.

During the month of August the regiment lost a number of
men by muster out of three months' recruits, by desertions on

1 rc; ' . Pi

78 IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

furlough, and discharge on account of disability. By September
ist it had been reduced to six hundred and thirty-nine men.
September 2d, Capt. Kennedy was ordered home to Ca^oiga
County on recruiting service.

September 13th, Lieut.-Col. Seward, reluctantly compelled by
ill health to resign his commission, announced the fact to the
foment, to the general regret of the men, who had loved and
admired him from the beginning.

To fill the vacancy, an election was held by the line officers
on the 14th.

It was rumored at that time that Col. Clark had it in contem-
plation to resign also. The election accordingly proceeded on
the supposition that he would do so.

For Lieutenant-Colonel, to become Colonel as soon as the
way was open, there was but once choice. Major Ledlie re-
ceived a unanimous vote for the office. For Major, to become
Lieutenant-Colonel on Ledlie's promotion, five Captains were
prominently thought of as candidates, viz : Captain Kennedv,
second captain in the regiment, who, by good rights, should have
been senior captain, an old, experienced, energetic drill officer,
and in every way deserving the promotion ; Capt. Schenck, brave,
studious, competent, and a disciplinarian ; Capt. Stewart, an old
military man of Cayuga county, and Captains Giles and Ste-
phens, men of ability and ambition. Owing to the operation of
regimental rivalries, then all powerful in the 19th, the choice
rapidly narrowed down, and Capt. Stewart, most unexpectedly
to himself and to his entire surprise, was honored with election as
Ledlie's lieutenant. After a sharp contest for future Major, be-
tween Captains Gifes and Stephens, the former was designated
for that office.

Xext to the promotion of Ledlie, the choice of Capt. Stewart
for Major was one of the most fortunate things that had hap-
pened to the Cayuga regiment. Ledlie was away from camp a
great part of the time. To Stewart was left the drill and gene-
ral management of the regiment almost entirely. He was prac-
tically its commander from September 15th to the end of the
war. Promotion made him so in fact after the winter of 1862-3.
Stewart was a cool, intrepid, devoted and excellent officer, and
a disciplinarian with few equals in the volunteer army of the
United States. He had the honor to command a regiment of
intelligent men, not the riff-raff of cities, but the best blood of
the Empire State, and his only ambition was ever their good.
Resolving at the outset to make the regiment one of the best in
the service, he brought to the work remarkable firmness and

!■ \' f: .'■ 'iioh'. ■

THE BRIGADE RE-ORGANIZED. 79

equability of temper and unusual executive talent, qualities that
made him a valuable commander, and entirely successful in his
work. In personal appearance, he was a plain appearing, rather
thick-set man, with piercing blue eyes, sandy beard, and a face
full of energy and determination. He always enjoyed the love
and fullest respect of his command.

These were the last promotions in the regiment, determined
by the votes of the line officers. Thereafter, they came by ap-
pointment and commission from the Governor of New York.
Capt. Kennedy, who was home recruiting, finding his claims for
promotion disregarded, resolved on the muster in of a battery
of artillery he had been raising to be attached to the xgth as an
independent command, with the design of severing his relations
with the regiment.

September 25, the ist brigade was reorganized and the 19th
and 28th Volunteers were transferred to the 3d Brigade, under
command of Col. Geo. H. Gordon, of the 2d Massachusetts
Volunteers. The Brigade comprised the 2d Massachusetts, 19th
and 28th New York ; 5th Connecticut, Col. Ferry ; 46th Penn-
sylvania, Col. Knipe, and Tompkin's Rhode Island battery.

The condition of the 19th regiment now required that some-
thing should be done to bring up its spirit and discipline.
Stewart began regular battalion drill at once. Reorganization
and recruiting up to the full proportions of 1,000 men were pro-
posed. A first step was taken towards this on the 28th of Sep-
■ tnimber, by the consolidation of Companies F, H and K v/ith
other companies, compacting the regiment to a battalion. The
bulk of Company F went into A ; of H into I , of K into G.
Capts. Stephens and Angell, and Lieuts. Squires, Parker, Carr,
Forsting and Field were mustered out at their own request.
Capt. Angell went home to re-enlist and raise a new com-
pany, and in due time rejoined his comrades in command of it.
Lieut. Squires, highly recommended by Lieut.-Col. Ledlie, went
to Ohio and raised a regiment of his own, which did good ser-
vice as sharp-shooters in other campaigns.

A new spirit was infused into the 3d brigade, October 8th, by
Gen. A. S. Williams assuming the command. He ordered ad-
ditional battalion and skirmish drills and exerted himself ener-
getically to improve every means to bring his brigade to a state
of high efficiency.

In spite of elibrts to the contrary, during October and Novem-
ber, the 19th regiment rapidly ran down. Monotonous and irk-
some duties in mud and rain, told on men whose elasticity of
spirit was broken. They began to run away from camp for

;nu b

o :.!.. n. ,,p

80 IQTH NEW- YORK INFANTRY

home. Sixty-seven deserted in October. In November, after
pay day had supplied the regiment with funds, fifty went in one
night, " that fearful night " as ever after it was called. And
though guards were vigilant and Major Stewart, Capt. Schenck
and others scoured Maryland to head off those who had deserted,
and did recover some of them, placing them under guard to be
tried by Court Marshal, by December rst the regiment mus-
tered only 542 men, with only 425 present fit for duty. Novem-
ber 5th, Capt. Baker resigned the captaincy of Company A and
left the regiment also.

A proposition was made to consolidate with the 28th New
York Volunteers. It came from Col. Donnelly. It was first
heard of through Dr. Dimon. Major Stewart, who, since his
promotion, had instituted battalion drills in the regiment and
was rapidly fetching up its proficiency, and Lieut.-Col. Ledlie
wrote to Gov. Morgan, Gen. Williams and others to stop it.
Gen. Williams had never seen the 19th, and Stewart wanted him
to come up and look at it. A few days after, when the regi-
ment was out on battalion drill, Williams rode to a point near
the camp where he could see it and not be seen. Ihe regi-
ment went through several difficult movements, changed front to
rear, deployed as skirmishers, &c. The General then'Vode down
Stewart took him into his tent, and asked him about this idea of
consolidation, and told him he was going to oppose it with
all his influence and power. Williams made no particular reply
but complimented the proficiency of the regiment highlv.

The plan for consolidation with the 28th New York never
went any further. But it awoke the officers of the 19th to a new
sense of the obvious importance of hastening forward the work
of recruiting. On the 5th of November, Capt. Giles, Lieut.
Boyle and Sergt. Barnes were detailed to proceed to New York
and make a special effort to obtain men, which they did. Capt.
Giles labored faithfully and incessantly in this work, for several
months, and' had the honor of being concerned in raising 700
men. The fruits of his labors, however, were not specially man-
ifest till some weeks after he went home.

A new turn was given to affairs by the resignation and re-
tiracy of Col. Clark. Since promulgation of the order relievin<'
him from command. Col. Clark had been importuning Gen''
Banks and the War Department for a Court Martial. But
Banks declared the charges frivolous and improper. They
were dismissed without a hearing. Col. Clark being ill, the
matter rested there for a while, until one day he received the
following note :

('•C

.y.<j y ■;:(,>

RESIGNATION OP COL. CLARK. 8l

" Head-Quarters of the Division,

Near Seneca Creek, Maryland,

November 4, 1861.

My Dear Sir : — The designation of Major Perkins as Chief of
my Staff by Gen. McClellan, enables me to complete a purpose
I have long entertained.

The unfortunate condition of affairs in the 19th regiment, New
York Volunteers, placed me in a position at the time, as General
of the Division, that I should not have occupied had I been able
to direct its affairs from the commencement. ' I appreciate fully
your course and feel that it contributed to a settlement that will
place the regiment ultimately upon a sound basis.

As an evidence of my feeling, I have the pleasure to inform
you that you are hereby relieved from any official disability in
connection with your regiment and free to act on your commis-
sion as you may desire. If it should not be your purpose to join
your regiment again, I should be pleased to offer you such a po-
sition upon my staff as may be acceptable to you and to your
friends. Some further communication on this subject may be
necessary if this should be your choice. Leave of absence, if
you desire it, will be granted.

With regrets for your accident and continued indisposition, I
»m Very Truly Yours,

N. P. Banks,

■ * Major-General Commanding Division.

. Col. John S. Clark,

19th New York Volunteers."

The restored commander of the igth replied next day. " As
to assuming command of the regiment," said he, " I can say I
have not the slightest desire to do so." He accepted the offer
of a staff position, and a few days after, while at Auburn, N. Y.,
received his appointment and was announced as Aid-de-Camp to
Banks with the rank of Colonel. He immediately tendered his
resignation of the Colonelcy of the iQth Volunteers. It was ac-
cepted November i8th. The Colonel served on Banks's staff
through all the memorable campaigns of that General, and per-
formed distinguished service in them all. In Pope's Virginia
campaign, he won great laurels. At great personal hazard, he
ventured out to a mountain between the Union and Confederate
lines near the Rapahannock, and with his field glass discovered
Stonewall Jackson's famous secret flank march to get in Gen.
Pope's rear. He watched it long enough to determine its
meaning, and then took the information to Gen. Pope. The

82 • IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY,

timely warning thus given actually saved Pope's army from anni-
hilation and he mentions Col. Clark honorably four times in his
official report of thafcampaign.

The command of the regiment devolved on Lieut.-Col. Ledlie,
who was promoted to -Colonel, November i8th. Major Stewart
became Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain Giles, Major ; though
their full rank did not obtain till the battalion had been recruited
up to the proportions of a regiment again.

More ambitious plans now began to be rife in the regiment. A
proposition made for conversion into artillery met with universal
favor. Col. Ledlie, who was very popular in the army, and had
great influence at Washington, undertook the delicate responsi-
bility of seeing what could be done at the Capital about it.

Repairing to Washington, he met Gen. McClellan and Gov.
Morgan, one day at dinner, at Mr. Seward's. The conversation
turned upon the needs of the army, and the heavy fortifications
then being built for the defense of Washington/- A necessity for
additional engineers to build and artillerists to man these forts
had then recently been made manifest to Gen. McClellan by
Gen. Barry, of the Engineers. Advantage of the fact was taken
by Ledlie, who with infinite tact brought forward the claims to
notice of his regiment. Gen. McClellan said :

" Colonel, how would you like to have your regiment converted
to engineers ?"

He replied, "If you want to do anything for me, General, I
can tell you something I would like belter than that?"

" What is that ?"

" Give me authority to raise an artiller}' regiment."

Gov. Morgan heartily seconded the proposition, promising to
do everything in his power to aid in raising the regiment, and
Sec'y Seward presented a number of forcible suggestions on the
subject The subject was dismissed with an invitation to Ledlie
to call and see McClellan ne.xt day.

At the appointed hour Secretary Seward accompanied him to
the headquarters of the General. After a brief interview, it
was arranged that an artiller)' regiment should be raised in New-
York State. 1,900 strong, with the 19th Volunteers as a nucleus,
and the Adjutant-General was given instructions to make out
the necessary- papers. Col. Ledlie communicated the pleasing
news to his officers, and on December 4th went North to raise
his command.

When Gen. Williams heard of the unexpected manner in
which the jayhawking 19th had been taken into favor of the
Government, he was incredulous. Stewart went down one day

<y.

r!l vr' ;l, y. .

AT FREDERICK. 83

to tell him about it and receive his congratulations. Williams
said he did not believe the 19th would ever wear the red stripe.
Stewart replied good naturedly. " You will never see anything
larger than calibre 69, Colonel," said Williams. " Yes, I will."
"No, you wont!" Stewart was a little afraid the General
might have some scheme of his own in the matter and did
not answer ; but the General had the pleasure of issuing an
order on the subject himself afterwards, giving effect to the
wishes of Government

By Thanksgiving day, wet fall weather and continual wear
had reduced the roads to Washington, Harper's Ferry and Fred-
erick, from Darnestown, to such a state that it became absolute-
ly necessary to move Banks's division to a point where it could
be more easily maintained with supplies. It was accordingly
ordered to the city of Frederick for winter quarters. The move-
ment began by the ist of December^— regiments and brigades
vanishing from the Potomac lines as fast as they could be sent
oft The 19th New York remained to guard the supply train,
under orders to march with it ; the rest of the 3d Brigade march-
ing on the 4th. The 19th struck camp on the morning of
Monday, December 9th. Capt. Schenck with his company was
left in charge of the baggage. The condition of the roads
certainly justified the fear that the Muddy Branch camp might j

be mud bound. They were in a horrible state, cut into deep |

ruts and half frozen, and it was only by superhuman exertions
that officers kept the regiment from straggling. Marching six- J

teen miles, the 19th camped at Hyattstown that night. Next |

day it moved twelve miles to Frederick. Passing through the j

city, it found the 3d brigade in a picturesque encampment three j

miles out on the Hagerstown turnpike, near the base of the ' j
Catoctin range of mountains, not far from the little village of j

Fairview. The baggage was behind, so the regiment bivouacked j

the first night on rocks and stones in a piece of woods. Roar- j

ing camp fires were the go that night. A better camp ground
was looked up next day, and occupied on the 12th. It lay on a
hill, in a forest, with a fine stream of water close at hand. Thie
other regiments of the brigade were camped all around. The
1st Maryland lay not far distant on another hill The camp
here was of a substantial character. Huts of logs were made
three or four feet high, plastered with mud, upon the top of
which the tents were placed. Floors were laid and fireplaces
built.

On the afternoon of the 12th, Capt. Schenck arrived from
Muddy Branch, having displayed on the march the vigor and

:d„ J, in ii-

' :. ;, , "i ■•'■;Vi

84 * igTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

ambition of his character by making thirty-two miles in nine
hours, a feat then almost unparalleled in American history, con-
sidering the horrible state of the roads. Banks's body guard
had made the distance in one day. Schenck proposed to show
what Company E, of the 19th, could do. Sending off the wag-
ons the day before, he bivouacked at night, and then put the
company to its trumps and pushed through at the pace stated.
The boasters of the body guard were eclipsed, and telegrams
went out from the newspaper correspondents about it all over
the country. It made the sensation of the day. Gen. Williams
growled, though, at using the men so hard.

December 13th, the 3d brigade had a grand field dav. It
was reviewed by Gen. Banks and a large assemblage of officers,
in smooth, green fields, two miles north of Frederick. The 19th
attracted special attention as it passed in review. It was con-
scious of the fact, and, though a small regiment, felt it had a
name to sustain, and made a splendid show. After passing the
group of reviewing officers, on double quick, the regiments were
drilled in maneuvres of the brigade. The 19th having never
taken part in brigade drill, Gen. Williams sent for Lt.-Col. Stewart,
who was in command, and proposed to him to go on guard duty.
** Not by a d — d sight, General," was the energetic reply. " Any-
thing any other of your regiments can do, the 19th can do. Try
them and see." " Oh, well," said the General, " if you feel like
that, all right" Brigade drill began. Stewart cautioned the regi-
ment to be steady, and obey only him. The men performed
splendidly, and the result was the 19th beat the whole field. In
changing line of battle, from front to rear, and in other evo-
lutions, the regiment always went straight and true to where it
belonged, and did not once go wrong, while other regiments
made ridiculous mistakes. In forming hollow square to resist
cavalry, the regiment formed as large a square as any on the
field, much to Williams's astonishment. He afterwards asked
Stewart how it was done. One side of the square had been
weakened, by causing the men to stand one file deep, instead of
two, lengthening out the sides with the surplus thus gained. At
the close of the review the 19th returned to camp thoroughly
fagged out, but it had been drilling under the eyes of the com-
manding General of the division,. and had won from him es-
pecial praise for its proficiency and success. Lt.-Col. Stewart
was the recipient of many compliments upon its conduct.

Gen. Williams's doubts as to his proteges from Cavuga County
going into Heavy Artillery vanished like mist before the rising
sun, December i6th, when he received the following paper.

J ■■:-J<-' i' n«.i'

SPIRIT OF THE REGIMENT REVIVING. 85

which he caused to be read at the dress parade of the 19th, that
evening :

" Head-Quarters of the Army,

Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, Dec. ii, 1861.
Special Order, No. 326.

IV. The 19th New York Volunteers, Col. Ledlie command-
ing, will be changed to a regiment of Heavy Artillery, and any
companies which may now be serving as Light Artillery will be
detached and mustered as independent companies and their
places in the regiment will be supplied by other companies.

By order of Major-General McClellan."

The " other company " referred to was that of Capt. Kennedy,
who, when relieved by Giles from recruiting for the 19th, raised
a company of artillery, and with it was mustered into the United
States service, November 23d, as the 1st Independent New York
Battery.

The order had a most beneficial effect. It infused a pride and
good feeling in the regiment to which it had long been a stranger.
One hundred and eleven new recruits arrived during the month,
including a new Company K, under Capt, Angell, and a regi-
mental brass band, and from that time the regiment began
steadily to improve in esprit du corps, vigor, zeal and efficiency.
New Company K v;as raised in Cayuga county, with the as-
sistance of VVm; Richardson, of Weedsport, who became ist
Lieutenant, and T. J. Mersereau, of Union Springs, its 2d
Lieutenant. No pecuniary inducements were offered to recruits,
and as a new and more popular regiment was claiming attention
at home, at that time, the company was obtained with some
difficulty. Company K was mustered in at Union Springs, Oc-
tober 23, 1861, by Capt. Kennedy. It left for the seat of war
December 17th, one hundred and one strong, arriving in the city
of Frederick, then buried in snow, on the 20th, and sleeping the
first night in some old barracks built by the English in 17 75'
during the Revolutionary war. It joined the regiment next
morning.

An extension of the rebel left wing took place along the upper
Potomac, the early part of December, and, on the 13th, the
redoubtable StonewaU Jackson appeared suddenly on the high
banks of the river, opposite to the little village of Hancock,
whore a Union brigade was posted. Planting a battery on the
bluff, he sent a number of shells howling and crashing through
the streets of the village, and provoked such a sharp retort from

S6 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

some Federal Parrot g:uns, that he suffered loss, and had one
cannon dismounted. Tidings of the attack reached the camps
at Frederick on the 17th, and for two days, by Banks's orders,
the 3d brigade was held in readiness to move at a moment's
warning, in case it should appear that the rebels were contem-
plating a serious invasion.

December 23d, the 19th and 28th New York and 46th Penn-
sylvania attended, without arms, the execution of Dennis Lana-
ghan, of the 46th Pennsylvania, in rear of the camp of the 28th.
The prisoner's crime was the murder of his Major in camp.

Although the rebels remained quiet on the upper Potomac,
they were gathering there in large force. It was deemed expe-
dient to strengthen the Federal lines there, and Gen. Banks or-
dered the 3d brigade to proceed to Hancock for this purpose.
■Preparing two days' rations, the brigade marched at 5 a. m. on
January 6th, the 28th New York in advance, with the 5th Connec-
ticut, 46th Pennsylvania, and 19th New York following in the
order named, which was their regular order in the brigade.
Camp was left standing by the 19th, for owing to the ice and snow
tents could not be struck. Company F istayed to pack up and bring
on the baggage. The sick were left under care of Dr. McClellan,
of the 5th Connecticut. The brigade, being temporarily under the
command of Col. Donnelly, of the 28th New York, made a
headlong march, through snow four inches deep, over mountain
ranges and rough roads to Hagerstown, The 19th, nearly
starved, without sufficient rations, was, by Donnelly's orders,
kept out in the open country that night, to bivouac and freeze in
the snow, sleeping by fences, in straw stacks, and some few in
barns, while the other regiments were housed and fed in the vil-
lage. The next day Gen. Williams overtook the command while
plodding through the snow on another forced march of twenty-
six miles, and at once halted it at Clear Spring, a good Union
village, on the bank of the Potomac, after giving Donnelly a
thorough talking to for his disgraceful treatment of the 19th. On
this day's march the men were so hungry, from failure of the com-
missary to supply them with rations, that Lieut.-Col. Stewart
stopped a commissary wagon on the road and issued a barrel
of crackers to each company, for which they were very grateful.
How nice Flmira hash would have been then ! At Clear
Spring, churches, school houses and inns were occupied for the
night. Next day the march was pushed at a rapid pace, in sight
of the Potomac all day, a small force of the enemy following on
the other side. Lest the confederates should open fire on
the brigade with shell, it marched in open order. The 19th,

-V. H

3D BRIGADE AT HANCOCK, 8/

being indifferently supplied with shoes, straggled somewhat on
the home stretch to Hancock, but a strong rearguard prevented
straying away. On a former march of the regiment — from
Pleasant Valley to Hyattstown — the Surgeon obtained some one
horse, two-wheeled ambulances, as traps for feigners of sickness
and those shamming to be disabled. They were so hung that
while going down hill the occupants would stand on their heads ;
going up, on their feet. The most inveterate shammer gener-
ally had his fill of false pretenses after one day's ride in one of
those "cussed machines," and never gave out on the march so
quick after that if he could help it Either its memory, or
the now superior discipline of the regiment made them on this
march entirely unnecessary.

The brigade entered Hancock, a little, ancient, one-horse
village on the bank of the Potomac, at a point where Mary-
land is only three miles wide, reaching it at 3 p. M. Public
buildings were assigned to the 19th, and that night the regi-
ment nursed its frozen feet and hands in comfortable quarters.

While encamped at Hancock, Gen. Williams made great de-
monstrations of an intention to cross into Virginia and cut otf
the retreat of Jackson, who was parading around the Alleghanies
with 20,000 men. Working parties sent out by each regiment
cut down the embankments of the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal
and let down boats into the river as if to be used in crossing.
The news caused Jackson's retreat, which was all Gen. Williams
desired, and was effected without exposing his brigade to the
terrible hardships of a winter's campaign in the Alleghanies.
The fact that he afterwards sent over to Bath and captured 600
of Jackson's men, with their hands and feet frozen, paroling
them, shows that a winter's campaign in those mountains is
equal to a defeat. It puts more men into hospital than a
battle.

The 19th did heavy guard and picket duty at Hancock.
sending out details of from thirty-five to sixty men daily to the
Potomac, besides escorting parties repairing telegraph lines, and
doing provost and engineer duties. The pickets were armed
with 100 rounds of ammunition apiece, but were greatly disap-
pointed at not being allowed to fire on the rebel pickets who
were in plain sight on the other side.

The mortality in the 19th at this place was very great. The
village was one execrable mud hole and what with fatigue and
picket duties, colds and fevers began to abound- The uncon-
querable disposition of the soldiers to shut themselves up close
in their quarters, without ventilation, made the evil a hundred

S8 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

fold worse. Dr. Dimon more than once broke out panes in the
windows to purify the quarters, but they were repaired as soon
as he was gone. Typhus fever, the pest of armies, raged and
many deaths occurred. Responsible for the lives of his men^
Lieut.-Col. Stewart resolved to encamp in the field. Sibley tents,
shaped like wigwams, holding fifteen men each, were obtained.
One day's rations were issued, and on January 25th, the regi-
ment, ignorant of the object of the movement, was marched out
of town to a favorable hill side and halted. " By right of conv
panies, to the rear into column ; march." " Stack arms." " Pre-
pare to form camp." These orders informed the men of their
commander's resolve. They camped right there in the snow,
and in the bleak fields spent the rest of their stay in Hancock.
The Sibley tents, warmed with the " stove pipe " Sibley stoves,
were well ventilated and a subsidence of fevers in the regiment
was soon reported, though it was a sacrifice of comfort to ex-
change thick walls for canvass tents for quarters. Many a se-
vere cold night, the men sat up all night around the fires smok-
ing and telling stories unable to sleep from the cold.

In every regiment there exists a class of men whose ideas of
the difference between meiim and tuum are very vague, especially
if tuum applies to anything in the line of edibles, and said
edibles belong either to the enemy or the camp sutler. The 19th
had its fair share. The regulations in force in Banks's division
checked jayhawking from farms and houses, but the sutler was
always lawful prey. The volunteers liked to badger this frater-
nity and hawk away dainties from its stands. Desperately
hungry ones were seldom foiled in this ; but at Hancock the
worst of them met their match. A sutler came to camp in a
wagon boarded up and roofed, with only one opening, like a cir-
cus ticket otfice. A stove inside kept the proprietor warm and
he slept in there. The jayhawkers exhausted their ingenuity to
find a weak spot in this concern. They tried to smoke the ped-
dler out of his defenses by putting a board on the stove pipe.
They tried to blow him up by dropping cartridges down the
pipe. All was in vain, and they had to pay fair for all they
obtained of that party.

On the 15th of January, one of the most celebrated cases in
the records of Court Martials of the Northern army during the
war was passed upon at tiie city of Frederick. There had been
confined at the guard house in Frederick, since November, a
number of deserters from the 19th, who ran away from camp
claiming that their time was up. In order to test and finally
and definitely settle the rights of the Government, under the

STALKER^S CASE. 89

peculiar circumstances of the case, private Ralton B. Stalker,
of Company A, one of the most intelligent of the deserters, was
selected and sentenced, and the 'findings of the Court Martial
forwarded to Gen. McClellan for his consideration. It was not
at first approved. The General issued an order on the subject,
as follows : —

" Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, )
Washington, January 15, 1862. )
General Orders, No. 8.

I. Before a General Court Martial of which Major William
Atterbury, 9th New York State Militia, is President, convened
at the camp of Banks's Division, by virtue of Special Orders,
No. 134, from these Headquarters, of November 7, 1861, was
arraigned and tried Ralton B. Stalker, of Company A, 19th
New York Volunteers, on the following charge and specification :

Charge : — Desertion.

Specification: — "That Private Ralton B. Stalker of Company
A, 19th Regiment New York Volunteers, having been duly en-
listed into the service of the United States, did desert the same,
on or about the 23d day of November, 1861. This at camp near
Rockville, Maryland."

The record shows no plea to this charge and specification.
It is to be taken as if the plea of " Not Guilty " were interposed.

After mature deliberation on the testimony adduced, the Court
find the prisoner "Guilty" of the Specification and "Guilty " of
the Charge, and thereupon did sentence him, the said Private
Ralton B. Stalker, of Company A, 19th Regiment New York
Volunteers, " To be dishonorably discharged the service of the
United States, and then committed to the United States Peni-
tentiary in the District of Columbia, at hard labor, for the term
of two years and six months."

n. The Major-General commanding, after a careful exami-
nation of the testimony shown by the record, is unable to con-
firm the proceedings in this cause.

It appears, that in the month of April, 1861, the accused was
enlisted for two years into the service of the State of New York.
On the 2 2d of May, he was mustered into the service of the
United States for three months. This term expired on the 22d
of August, 1861. No subsequent enlistment or mustering into
the service of the United States was shown at the trial. It v/as
in evidence, however, that he drew pay and rations after the ex-
piration of the three months for which he was mustered into the
service of the United States. Whether the receiving of pay, by
the strictest construction of the 20th Article of War, can be in-

90 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

voiced to extend a term of service beyond the original contract
against the consent of the soldier is at least very questionable.
There can be no doubt, that to exact any penalty by the aid of
such a construction would be harsh in the extreme. As nothing
was said in the Specification respecting such a ratification of the
extension of the enlistment, but the case was put upon the due
enlistment of the accused, the evidence was clearly improper.

It is the opinion of the Major-General commanding, however,
that no nicety of statement in the Charge and Specification
could have warranted a primitive sentence on such testimony as
this record discloses. The prisoner was entitled to his discharge
on the 22d of August, 1861. He cannot be punished for de-
serting in November, a service to which he did not belong.

The proceedings are disapproved. Private Ralton B. Stalker
will be released from confinement and regularly discharged the
service of the United States.

By Command of
Major-General McClellan.

S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General."

A copy of the order was forwarded to private Stalker. Also,
to the Generals of the army, to be read in their camps. But it
was instantly seen that Gen. McClellan was mistaken and the
majority of brigade commanders had the shrewdness to hold it
back and suppress it. Promulgation of the order would have
caused a large number of New York regiments, situated simi-
larly with the 19th New York, to ask their immediate discharge
from the United States service. Before many days had elapsed,
the order was countermanded. But when Major-Gen. McClel-
lan, with his splendid military education and powers of accurate
reasoning, so misjudged as to the power of Government to hold
the 19th regiment, after August 2 2d, what wonder is it that the
men of that regiment, from whom the truth of the case and the
law were kept back by cowardly politicians, themselves judged
wrongfully of the same matter.

The missing link in the testimony in Stalker's case being sup-
plied. Gen. McClellan countermanded his order, and hushed it
up. Aiming at a total eradication of it, he issued a second
order in the case, bearing date January 15th, entitled "General
Orders, No. 8," intended as an entire substitute for it. It re-
cited in the same language the facts of the trial set forth above,
and then said :

"II. The evidence in this case is of the most interesting na-
ture, and the question presented by the record yields in impor-

STALKER S CASE, 9I

tance to none that has engaged the attention of the Major-
General commanding.

It appears that the regiment, to which the prisoner belongs,
was enhsted into the service of the State of New York, for the
term of two vears from some time in April, 1861, under a law of
that State, of which the 3d Section is in the following words :—
" Sec. 3. The officers and men of said force shall receive the
same pay ♦ ♦ * * and shall be liable at all times to be
turned over to the service of the United States, on the order of
the Governor, as part of the militia of this State, upon the re-
quisition of the President of the United States. * * * * "
This Act was passed April 16, 1861. On the 22d of May, 1861,
this regiment was mustered into the service of the United States
for the term of three months, that being the extreme term for
which at that time the President of the United States was au-
thorized to make a requisition for the service of the militia.
This term of three months expired, of course, on the 2 2d of
August, 1861. But, on the 2d day of August, 1861, an order
was issued from the office of the Adjutant-General of the State
of New York, in the following terms: (Special Orders, No. 323,
previously given.) This order was duly executed.

An impression existed in some minds that the term of three
months, expiring on the 22d of August, 1861, was the only one
for which this regiment was held in the service of the United
States; and under this mistaken notion, several, of whom the
prisoner is one, had treated their engagement as not existing.
It is unnecessary to say, after what precedes, that it was part of
the original contract of enlistment of New York State Militia,
embodied under the Act of the i6th of April, 1861, that they
should be transferred into the service of the United States, upon
the requisition of the President. The terms, in which the 3d
Section of the Act of April 16, 1861, were couched, show that
it was expected that this requisition would be repeated, as soon
as Congress should have enlarged the power of the National
Executive. The 19th Regiment New York State Militia is there-
fore subject to the same rules and discipline which govern other
corps in the military service of the United States ; and this con-
dition of things will exist until some days after April 16, 1863.

The prisoner is clearly guilty of desertion, and might have
been sentenced to death under the Articles of War. The Court
Martial has annexed to his conviction a milder sentence. The
Major-General commanding perceives, in this lenity, evidence
ili.it the Court Martial gave full weight to the misapprehension
as to the law under which the prisoner acted. On this head,

92 I9TH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

however, there was much misconception. The record of this
case, when first sent to these headquarters, was defective. It
did not contain the order from the Governor of the State of New
York, directing the transfer of this regiment to the service of
the United States for the balance of the term of enlistment. It
was even stated, not by any member of the Court Martial, that
no such order had been made, and under the belief that no such
order existed, this case was, in the first instance, erroneously
decided at these headquarters. A full and perfect record has
since been sent up, and it furnishes the evidence on which this
order proceeds.

Nothing could be more calculated to demoralize a military
body than such conduct as the accused stands convicted of.
When a soldier wishes to lay before the Major-General com-
manding any grievance under which he imagines that he labors,
let him through the proper channel make his complaint. To all
well founded complaints, an attentive ear will be given, and no
known abuse will be allowed to remain unredressed. The
same considerations which make the Major-General command-
ing anxious to aid any subordinate, who, in a proper manner,
seeks a redress of wrong, render him determined to vindicate
by all due means the sacredness of military discipline. . In both
cases he aims at promoting the good of the service. He has
gone at great length in the explanation of this case, because it
was necessary to correct misapprehensions widely spread and
likely to do great mischief No one, in a similar position with
the prisoner, will, after the publication of this order, be able to
plead ignorance to excuse his insubordination. The proceed-
ings of the Court Martial in this case are confirmed. The
prisoner will be dishonorably discharged from the service of the
United States, will be conducted to Washington city under
charge of a guard, and will there be delivered, with a copy of
this order, to the Warden of the Penitentiary of the District of
Columbia. By Command of

Major-General McClellan.

S. Williams, Assistant-Adjutant-General."

Stalker went to Washington, as directed, and was in captivity
there several months. He had the warmest sympathy of all who
knew the facts. Through the intercession of Secretary Seward,
a full and free pardon was then granted him, and he rejoined
his comrades at Newbern, and served out the rest of his time
faithfully.

The sentence of fourteen other deserters was read to the regi-
ment at Hancock, January 26th. Confinement in the guard

CHANGING THE NAME OF THE REGIMENT. 93

house, with six hours hard drill daily, wearing the placard
•* Deserter," was the punishment in most cases. These men
were pardoned in March, upon the same powerful intercession
as that which secured Stalker's release.

Gen. Williams on February ist received from the War Depart-
ment the order of the State of New York, recognizing the 19th
New York Volunteers as a regiment of artillery, viz : —

" General Headquarters, State of New York,
Adjutant General's Office,

Albany, December 30, 1861. )

Special Orders, No. 584. — In conformity with Special Orders,
No. 326, from the War Department, dated December nth,
i86i, the 19th Regiment New York State Volunteers is hereby
organized into an Artillery regiment, to be known and desig-
nated as the 3d Regiment of New York Volunteer Artillery.

By order of the Commander-in-Chief.

Thomas Hillhouse, Adjutant General."

Proclamation was made in the brigade. On the 17th, a fur-
ther order was issued, directing the regiment, pursuant to
telegram from the War Department, to repair to Washington
immediately.

"In taking leave of the regiment," the order ran, " after
nearly five months' service with it in the 3d brigade, the Briga-
dier-General commanding desires to express to the officers and
men his satisfaction with their good order and discipline and their
marked improvement in drill ; and hopes that in the new arm of
the service, to which they have been assigned, they may continue
to merit the approval of their commanding officers."

A grand dress parade of the brigade was held that evening,
in honor of the old 19th, after which the officers went down to
Gen. Williams's headquarters, and paid him their farewell com-
pliments. The General said that he was sorry to have the 19th
go. It appeared to be the universal sentiment. Gen. Banks
afterwards said he would rather have spared almost any other
regiment, and if he had had it with him in Pope's campaign,
that summer, he would not have lost the battle of Cedar Moun-
tain.

February 18th. with hearts elated with hope, the regiment
struck camp and left Hancock, escorted out of town by the 46rh
Pennsylvania, while the 28th New York and 5th Connecticut
formed in the streets on either side, and bade their comrades
''od speed with tremendous hurrahing, as they passed. Fred-
erick was reached at noon of the 21st, after three days' march-
ing on horrible roads.

94 • IQTH NEW-YORK INFANTRY.

Here, a train of cars awaited the worn out men, procured by
Col. Clark, who had interested himself in saving them the rest
of the march on foot to Washington. He came out on horse-
back to meet them and manifested a good will for which they
were deeply grateful. Baggage wagons and teams were turned
oyer to the Quartermaster and at 3 1-2 p.m. the regiment in
high spirits was flying with the speed of steam towards Washing-
ton via Baltimore. The Capital was reached at 3 a. m. of the
2 2d, a national holiday, whose joyous character well comported
with the feelings of the regiment at this time. Guns and bells,
with cheerful clangor, ushered in the day, as the men marched
to the Soldier's Retreat, an old railroad warehouse, for rest and
refreshment, and forever, faded from present view as the 19th
New York Volunteers.

With this chapter closes the history of the 19th New York
Volunteers as a distinct organization. In many respects, it is
the most memorable of the histories of regiments in the Northern
array during the war. It contains instruction for politicians,
statesmen and generals. The regiment had not yet enjoyed the
experience of a battle, but that was not its fault. It may be con-
sidered, though, one of its misfortunes. Had it been in action,
early in its career, had it had one good fight, its members would
have been drawn together into that closer union and sympathy
men feel in presence of danger. Its wounds would have been
healed, its wrongs forgotten. It was, however, a brave, loyal,
well disciplined regiment, and when it was formed into artillery
those qualities told in creating the splendid reputation it soon
acquired. When brought into battle in North Carolina it be-
haved with heroic intrepidity, and once received the cheers of
the whole army on the battle field, besides winning for its Colo-
nel his brigadier's star.

ORGANIZATION OF THE 3D N. Y. VOI« ARTILLERY. 95

ORGANIZATION OF THE 30 N. Y. VOL. ARTILLERY.

The New Companies of the 3d New York Artillery — The Old and New Join-
Proceed to Fort Corcoran — The Forts, Camp and Locality — Organization of
the Regiment — Kennedy's Battery— Accident — Arresting the Administration
— Sick of Porter's Division on Dr. Dimon's |, Hands — The Regiment to go to
North Carolina — Marches to Annapolis — Embarks — Arrival at Newbern

During the. fall of i86i, under the supervision of Capts. Ken-
nedy and Angell, and afterwards of Capt. Giles, there had been
scattered attempts at recruiting the 19th regiment in Cayuga
County. But as the 7Sth New York Volunteers were then being
raised under flattering auspices in the County, very little was
done for the veteran organization in the Army of the Potomac.

When orders came for the formation of the new artillery com-
mand. Col. Ledlie, as we have seen, went home to give his per-
sonal energy to the work. Gov. ^Morgan's promise of aid stood
him in to good etTect. By the Ides of February he had collected
at Palace Garden Barracks, 14th street, in New York city, 550
new men.

Of this number a full battery of 142 men was raised through
the patriotic and vigorous etibrts of Capt. Edwin S. Jenney, a
young lawyer in Syracuse, whose private purse furnished hun-
dreds of dollars for the work. The Captain rented the upper
stories of a large building on Salina street He made Syracuse
blaze with his banners and placards, and quickly gathered a
band of the very best intelligence and blood. It was his inten-

96 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ATILLERV.

tion to go into the army of the West, into which he had been
led by friends to suppose he could be sent. He found, however,
that he was required for the army of the Potomac, where, at
that time, a rule existed that light artiller>' should be united into
battalions, consisting of one regular and three volunteer bat-
teries, commanded by the Captain of the regular battery. This
entailed a sacrifice of independence and chances of promotion.
He consented, therefore, to an order of the State authorties to
attach him to the 3d New York Artillery, as Battery F. As
such he was mustered in December i8th, i86i, by Lieut. J. R.
Brinckle, 5th United States Artillery, at Syracuse. Shortly
after, he repaired to New York and laid at Palace Garden Bar-
racks some weeks previous to going to the front. The Lieuten-
ants of the company were Alex. H. Davis, Gustavus F. Merriam,
Paul Birchmeyer and James D. Outwater.

During the summer of 186 1, H. R. White, Esq., of Utica,
Brigadier-General of Militia, received authority from the State to
raise a regiment of infantr)^ of which he was to be Colonel, and
W. J. Riggs, of Rome, then Lieutenant-Colonel of the '46th
Militia, was to be Lieutenant-Colonel. The enterprise failed,
owing to the fact that several other regiments were then being
enrolled in the same vicinity. Three skeleton companies only
were raised. These were mustered in November i6th, at the
Rome arsenal, remaining in barracks there until January- 9th,
1862, when, by Gov. Morgan's order, they were consolidated
under Capt. Riggs, to be attached to the 3d Artillery as Battery
H. The Battery was mustered in January 9th, by Capt. W. R.
Pease, 7th United States Infantry, officered as follows : Capt.
Wm. J. Riggs ; Lieutenants, John D. Clark, Wm. E. Mercer,
Charles D. Tryon, Wm. F. Field.

Capt. James V. White, of Cayuta, Schuyler county, in the fall
of t86i, raised a company of infantry at the village of Cortland
and organized it as Company I, 76th New York Volunteers,
Col. Nelson W. Green. At Albany, the 76th regiment was con-
solidated with the Cherry Valley regiment. Company I, of the
76th, and two Cherry Valley companies, were left out. Bv mu-
tual consent, these companies consolidated January 16th, under
Capt. White, and were, on that day, mustered in as Batterv M,
3d New York Artillery, by Capt. John W. Young, 76th New
York Volunteers. The Lieutenants of the Battery were Nicho-
las Hausen, Nelson S. Bowdish, Hiram Lehman and Martin
Shaffer. A few days after, Capt. White went to New York and
lay at the Palace Garden rendezvous till the battalion went to
the front He had 200 men on his rolls, but a large number

ARRIVAL OF THE NEW COMPANIES. 97

tk-ere young men and their parents took them out by habeas
<i>rpus. A full Battery of 158 men was left him, however.

At New York a battery was organized by Capt. Joseph J.
Morrison, of that metropolis, formerly Adjutant-General of Col.
E. D. Baker, slain at Ball's Bluff. Morrison had taken steps to
organize his battery as an independent one for the Army of the
Potomac, but at Col. Ledlie's solicitation consented to join the
3d Artillery. His men were raised partly in the metropolis,
partly in central New York, and were a fine lot. They were
mustered in February 19th, 1862, by Capt. F. S. Larne'd, 12th
United States Infantry, as Battery B, 3d Artillery. The Lieu-
tenants were S. Clark Day, Edward A. Wildt, Geo. C. Breck,
J. W. Hees.

While at Palace Garden barracks, which they styled Camp
Ledlie, the batteries were clad in army blue and fully equipped
for heavy artillery service. As in all heavy artillery regiments,
whose office it is to garrison forts and serve heavy guns, they
were supplied with rifles and drilled in heavy infantry tactics.

Collecting these man, Giles, who had been made Major the
23d of January, brought them to Washington, arriving the 21st
of February, joining at the Soldiers' Rest, the 19th Vol-
unteers, on the 2 2d. This was the day Gen. McClellan, by the
President's orders, was to have begun an advance of his splen-
did army, then encamped opposite Washington, to capture Ma-
nassas, which advance, by the way, he didn't make.

They reported to Gen. Wm. F. Barry, in command of the de-
fenses of Washington, and received orders to proceed at once to
Fort Corcoran, on Arlington Heights, across the Potomac. The
line of March through Washington was taken up at 4 p. m. on
the 2 2d, Georgetown was reached in the edge of the evening.
Here the regiment crossed the river on the massive stone aque-
duct built for the Ohio and Chesapeake canal, from which the
water had been cut off in i86i,to make a military bridge ; and a
magnificent one it made, too. From here to the heights, the
roads were soft and terribly cut up. The veterans of the regiment
waded through six inches of mud, while the rain fell in drench-
ing showers, with fair equanimity, and aided to pluck foundering
wagons and teams from the mud holes, with a matter-of-course
air, that the new men could not aspire to put on. So deep was
the mire, that many of the wagons had to be left locked in
sloughs on the way. It was pitch dark when a halt was ordered.
The fort was no where visible in the gloom, neither were quar-
ters of any sort, except a large house forming the headquarters
of the post and two or three barns. The order va« givea to

gS 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ATILLERY.

bivouac. To pitch tents was out of the question. It was no
easy task to find a dry place to sleep on that night so memorable
for extra Plutonian hue, the chilling rain, and treacherous condi-
tion of the sacred soil of Virginia. Yet by close packing, the
barns, and cellar, stoops and hallways of the house, were made
to furnish until daylight a partial shelter, and then, the wagons
coming up, camp was regularly pitched.

Arlington Heights, on the western bank of the Potomac,
across from Washington, are a range of thickly wooded hills,
from 200 to 300 feet in altitude. They stand a little back
from the river, running almost in a direct line from opposite
Georgetown to the rear of the city of Alexandria on the
Potomac, nine miles below. Near Alexandria they take the
name of Mount Ida— Arlington Heights proper being the
northern portion of the range. The post of Fort Corcoran was
located on the extreme northern end of the range for the pur-
pose of guarding the roads and approaches to the canal aque-
duct bridge. It formed in military parlance the Mg du pont of
that bridge. In February, 1862, the ppst comprehended five
forts, viz. : Corcoran, Woodbury, DeKalb, Bennett and Hag-
gerty ; and in addition two strong log block houses and some
rifle trenches placed at the immediate entrance to the bridge, for
security against any cavalry expeditions that might chance to
slip by the forts.

Fort Corcoran, half a mile from the bridge, stood amid open
fields on a fine plantation, on the south side of the road ap-
proaching the bridge. It was built in May, 1861, by Col. Cor-
coran's New York regiment. A large, square, massive, bastioned
earth work, with a periphery of 576 yards, the side towards the
river having no parapet, but being heavily stockaded, it was sur-
rounded by a deep ditch ; and outside of the ditch, rows of thick
abbatis or felled trees laid side by side, with the ends of
the branches sharpened, the butts towards the fort and fastened
down. It mounted fifteen 32-pound guns, and was provided
with traverses, and magazines, containing 100 rounds of ammu-
nition to each gun.

Forts Woodbury and DeKalb lay three-quarters of a mile
westward of Corcoran, on a higher crest of the Heights. They
were, what are technically called, lunettes v/ith stockaded gorges ;
in other words, semi-circular earthworks or redoubts, facing
westward like all the Arlington forts, and protected by log
stockades at the rear. They stood in the midst of an original
forest ; but large slashings had been made in the woods around
them, so that now the ground was clear and the fire of their

ttr o

In camp at fort Corcoran. 99

six guns each could be turned immediately upon enemies attack-
ing them in front or flank. They were 275 and 318 yards in
perimeter respectively, and were built after the battle of Bull
Run, in conjunction with other forts thrown up to make a defen-
sive line upon Arlington Heights. DeKalb was then the north-
ernmost fort of the Arlington line.

Fort Bennett was a redoubt on a bold hill, half a mile north
of Corcoran, mounting two eight inch howitzers and three
twenty-four pounders. It was built by the 28th New York Mi-
litia, Col. Michael Bennett, in June, 186 1. Fort Haggerty,
another four twenty-four pound gun redoubt, down nea* the
river, south of the bridge, was an auxiliary to the rifle trenches
and block houses at the head of the bridge.

Various roads, running out towards Manassas, and up and
down the river, interiacing, centered at the aqueduct bridge and
were all commanded and guarded by the thirty-five cannons of
these five forts.

Camp was pitched on the plateau, across the road from Fort
Corcoran and north of it, about two hundred yards distant.
The ground was above the ordinary malarial level of the Poto-
mac, well drained and healthful. The men encamped in Sibley
tents, floored with plank and supplied with stoves, sixteen men '
m a tent. Wide company streets were laid out through the
canjp, and ditches were dug on each side of them, conducting
surface water rapidly away into a neighboring ravine. The spot
was evidently a lovely one in the summer months, and even then
not unattractive in many respects, although the rival of Han-
cock for mud. Hills, forests and plantations surrounded it on
every side, of great rural beauty. At the base of the heights was
the broad blue river. Directly opposite to Fort Corcoran, sat
tieorgetown, her warehouses crowding down to the water's edge.
iwo miles to the east and south, Washington lay in plain sight,
decked with domes, pinnacles, colossal public buildings and
monuments. In the pride of summer's verdure, and soft summer
naze, the scene must have been of rare beauty, thou<'h dreary
enough m that bleak March. Near by Fort Corcoran, toward
tne river, was the famous Ariington house, a fine large mansion,
^cupied in former times by Lord Ross. Before the war it was •
the residence of the rebel General Lee, and was in splendid con-
uitron and surrounded by elegant grounds. But everything
«aaes where armies camp, and the old mansion was looking
somewhat soiled. It constituted the headquarters of the post
ana as such was occupied by Lieut.-Col. Stewart.

i. he 3d New York (Seward) Artillery was organized^on paper.

.-(• '.n ■ ■■■] :Ji •: <

100 $D NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

as such, February ist, 1862, and took its title from that day. It
. first united, and began to act, as an artillery regiment, February
22d. That date has, therefore, been selected as the epoch of its
actual organization and proper commencement of its history.

Company B of the old 19th was consolidated February 2 2d,
with other companies, Capt. Kennedy being then on the Pen-
insula in command of an independent battery, and Lieuts.
Poison and Day having resigned. The condition of the regi-
ment, as taken from the monthly report, with the names and
date of rank of .officers, were as follows : —

Colonel — James H. Ledlie, Nov. 18, 1861.

Lieutentant Colonel — Charles H. Stewart, Dec. 23, 1861.

Majors — Henr)' M. Stone, Dec. 23, i86i.
Solomon Giles, Jan. 23, 1862.
T. S. Kennedy, Jan. 23, 1862.

Adjutant — ^J. Fred. Dennis, Dec. 23, 1861.

Quartermaster — John H. Chedell, May 29, 1861.

Surgeon — Theo. Dimon, May 20, i86r.

Assistant Surgeon— \Vm. H. Knight, Oct. 17, i86i.

Chaplain — Wm. Hart, Nov. 14, 1861.

Commissary Sergeant — George E. Ashby.

Sergeant Major — Frank G. Smith.

Company A, Capt Charles White, 85 men ; Company B, Capt.
J. J. Morrison, lor men ; Company C, Capt. James E. Ashcroft,
63 men. Company D, Capt. Owen Gavigan, 95 men ; Company
E, Capt. Theo. H. Schenck. 64 men ; Company F, Capt. Edwin
S. Jenny, 142 men ; Company G, Capt. John Wall, 89 men ;
Company H, Capt. Wm. J. Riggs, 102 men; Company I, Capt.
John H. Ammon, 96 men ; Company K, Capt. James R. Angel,

gf^ men ; Company L, ; Company M, Capt. James V.

White, 145 men. Total, 1,091.

The new men of the regiment all enlisted for three years.

On the 23d of November, 1861, Capt. J. C. Peterson, 15th
United States Infantry, mustered in at Auburn a company of
men enrolled by Capt. C. J. Kennedy, of the old 19th. as the
1st New York Independent Battery. December nth. Gen. Mc-
Clellan issued his Special Order, No. 326. convertin"- the 19th
Volunteers into artillery, which contained this clause : " Any
companies of the regiment, which may now be servino- as light
artillery, will be detached and mustered as independent^batterTes,
and their places in the regiment will be supplied by other com-
panies." This, in etTect, detached Kennedy's battery, and left
it an independent command. Col. Ledlie procured a revocation
of the order. Special Orders, 190, afterward issued, provided as

KENNEDY S BATTERY. lOI

follows : — " Pursuant to instructions from the General-in-Chief,
from the Headquarters of the Army, so much of the order as
directs that companies of the 19th regiment New York State
Volunteers, serving as light artillery, be detached and mustered
as independent companies, is suspended for the present" Ken-
nedy's battery, restored to the 3d Artillery by this order, which,
as far as we can learn, was never revoked, was designated on the
regimental rolls as Co. L, and ordered to make its regular re-
ports to the headquarters of the 3d. It made two or three, but
no more. When. Capt. Kennedy left it, in the spring of 1862,
CapL Cowan, relying on the muster in as the ist New York In-
dependent Battery, refused to report to the 3d Artillery, and
never acted in obedience to its orders. It was carried on the
regimental rolls until near the end of the war, and then, at Col.
Stewart's request, by letter of the War Department, it was quietly
dropped. It was, in the intention of Government, a bat-
tery of the 3d New York Artillery, but its history being apart
and distinct from the regiment, and it having been mustered as
independent, it will not be considered a part of the 3d Ar-
tillery in these pages.

On arriving at Fort Corcoran, the 3d Artillery found the 13th
New York Volunteers in charge, under command of Col. Pickell,
of Maj.-Gen. Fitz John Porter's division of the Army of the
Potomac The division lay in camp four miles west ; head-
quarters on an eminence of considerable strategic importance,
called Hall's Hill. Post Corcoran formed part of its jurisdiction.
The 3d Artillery relieved the 13th New York Volunteers from
duty here. Its commanding officer. Col. Pickell, who had been
ordered to turn over all papers and or-ders concerning the post
to Lieut.-Col. Stewart, managed after considerable search to rake
up an old ordnance manual, and Stewart having given him a
receipt for that valuable document, he marched off with his
regiment and rejoined the division.

The 3d at once applied itself to study and practice in the
management of artillery. The officers obtained a supply of
manuals, divided their companies into gun squads, and all threw
themselves into work with a heartiness and zeal that soon pro-
duced the most beneficial results. In pursuance of Gen. Porter's
orders, Company E encamped and drilled at Fort Bennett, Com-
pany G at Fort Woodbury, Company C drilled at Fort Haggerty,
and the residue of the regiment at Fort Corcoran. The men
learnt everything pertaining to the service of guns. They drill-
ed in loading and firing; learnt to measure distances with the
eye ; mformed themselves as to matters pertaining to range and

•i no-

102 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

elevarion ; learnt to wheel the guns in any direction ; took care
of carriages, ammunition and bomb proofs, and many of them
studied the science of constructing earthwork.

The weather was very bad during a part of this time and open
air exercises were in the early part of March rather restricted.
But the officers did not neglect to turn every day not positively
stormy to good account. On pleasant days, battalion drill took
place under Lieut-Col. Stewart. The regiment made a splendid
show on these occasions. Having received, during March, 222
additional recruits, it turned out on parade 1,350 strong, and
the spectacle of so magnificent a regiment going through the
showy maneuvres of the battalion in the open fields arrested a
great deal of attention. Officers and newspaper correspondents
often Stopped to watch it for half an hour at a time. Gen.
Porter and his stafif happened to be riding by one day when the
regiment was out and reined up their horses in front of the
camp to enjoy the sight. Forming front, the regiment saluted
and presented arms. The friends of the old 19th would hardly
have recognized in the backbone of this handsome, well-clad,
dashing corps, the celebrated tatterdemalion jayhawkers, whom,
in 1 86 1, Patterson cheated out of the good fight they thirsted
for in the Shenandoah Valley.

To hard drill, the regiment added the performance of heavy
guard duty. Detachments mounted guard day and night at the
five forts, the aqueduct bridge, a ferry near by across the Poto-
mac, and some blockhouses at the bridge where the prisoners of
the. regiment and Porter's division were confined. Companies
also went out occasionally to do guard and provost duty at Hall's
Hill.

Bad weather and hard service produced its usual effect, and
sickness prevailed to a large extent. Most of the invalids were
from among the new men. When the old 19th was first joined
by the battalion of new men, the latter exhibited a strong pro-
pensity to look down on their rusty looking, weather beaten,
travel stained comrades, and seemed disposed to consider them
the recruits of the 3d Artillery. The lugubrious experience of
the first two weeks weakened all exalted notions on this subject
astonishingly.

Before the men had acquired any very clear notions on the
subject of ordnance, a serious accident one day occurred. A
private of Company H, named Perkins Wellington, found an un-
exploded Parrot shell in the ravine back of the camp, and
brought it up. Discovering the leaden plug, or fuse, in the
aperture of the shell, he undertook to melt it out in the cook's

CAPTURING THE ADMlJJISTRATION. I03

fire. * It soon exploded and mangled one of his legs so seriously
that Dr. Uimon had to amputate it. Two or three others were
wounded by flying fragments of the shell. Wellington died.

While in camp at Fort Corcoran, the 3d Artillery entertained
a party of distinguished visitors on one occasion under peculiar
circumstances. Orders had been issued that travel over the
aqueduct bridge should cease at 9 p. m. The 3d Artillery which
posted a strong guard of thirty-nine men there rigidly enforced the
mandate. One night a heavy carriage came across from the
Maryland side and tried to pass on the plea that distinguished
personages were inside. The officer of the guard was summoned
and promptly arrested the party and sent it, carriage and all, up
to Lieut.-Col. Stewart under guard. The Lieutenant-Colonel,
like a good soldier, was studying away at the tactics, when a
soldier came in to announce the capture, when, looking up,
Stewart, with considerable astonishment, saw Gen. McClellan,
President Lincoln and Secretary Seward file into the apartment
one after the other with a perspective of bayonets and a dis-
gusted driver through the open door. " Well, Colonel," said
one of the official party, " you've captured the administration."
Stewart did the honors and learning the object of the party was
to go to Gen. Porter's headquarters, he informed them of the
strictness of orders, and sent them on under guard to Col.
Averill of the cavalry, who in turn escorted the distinguished
prisoners to Porter's Division. The occurrence was often
smilingly alluded to afterwards.

On the 8th of March, Gen. Porter marched out with his divi-
sion several miles towards the enemy at Manassas.

On the nth. Surgeon Dimon received unofficial notice from a
surgeon in Martindale's brigade that twenty of the sick of his
command were about arriving at Fort Corcoran. Also, that
all the sick of Porter's division had been ordered to report to
Surgeon Dimon, by order of Dr. Lyman, Medical Director of
the division. On the 12th, the sick began to arrive. A mile
and a half from Fort Corcoran there were general hospitals. At
the fort there was scarce more than the bare ground for them.
Under this scandalous order, 500 sick men arrived at the fort, re-
porting to Surgeon Dimon, pale, emaciated fellows, some on foot,
some in charge of ambulance drivers, with no report of cases, and,
in a majority of instances without report of anything but their
names, without stating rank, company, regiment, or disease, or
even the name of the surgeon sending them. They continued to
come for seven days, the principal number arriving after dark at
night By dint of great exertion, these men were at length

I04 SD NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

covered with tents. Some abandoned cooking utensils "were
found, the Quartermaster supplied fuel and rations, and the sick
selected the stronger ones among them to cook for the rest. As
far as possible, medicine was given in the worst cases. Surgeon

■ Dimon reported the disgraceful condition of affairs to the Sur-
geon-General, who referred him back to the Medical Director,
Dr. Lynrian. Dr. L. referred him to the Quartermaster and
finally directed him to turn over the men to Gen. Wadsworth,
commanding at Washington, who, having, as Dr. Dimon foresaw,
nothing more to do with them than the Governor of Oregon,
refused to take them. After this experience in circumlocution,
nothing more was done for some days. The consequence was,
the men remained in the camp of the 3d New York up to the
24th of March, when the regiment was ordered away, exposing
them to be left without even a medical officer who knew their
condition. The execution of the order was fortunately delayed.
Surgeon Dimon remained by the men faithfully, working nearly

. twenty hours out of the twenty-four, some of the poor fellows,
however, having to be neglected by necessity, the Surgeon being
without nurses, unable to get a sufficient supply of medicine,
and without even a Quartermaster's clerk to see to their rations,
fuel and utensils. Finally commissioners from Pennsylvania
visited the hospital camp, having discovered that the sick of four
Pennsylvania regiments were there. They immediately returned
to Washington and made such remonstrance that it finally
brought over an Assistant-Surgeon to take charge of the con-
veyance of the men to general hospital at Georgetown. When
the regiment marched through Georgetown, on the 25th, on its
way to Annapolis, the sidewalks of the town were covered with
these sick men, sitting and lying on them, awaiting admission to
the hospital. There was no necessity for this procedure. The
Medical Director had authority to send the sick men at the first
to general hospital ; a regimental Surgeon had not. He, how-
ever, sent them to the camp of the 3d New York, thinking,
doubtless, to save himself trouble. He might almost as well
have turned them over to the ditches of the fort.

n On the 20th of March, Gen. Wadsworth ordered Col. Ledlie
to hold himself in readiness to move at an hour's notice. The
order was promulgated in camp and the regiment learnt with
considerable interest that it had been ordered into the field, its
remarkable progress toward proficiency in the service of artillery
and its fine and large personnel having caught the attention of
Government. On the 22d the regiment drew new light artillery
uniforms, and made a splendid appearance next day on dress

ORDERS TO MARCH. lOJ

parade, when Secretary Seward was present to witness it. The
Secretary took the greatest pride and interest in the sight, and
the memories of Hyattstown and Muddy Branch, which had
linjjered there with pain, forever faded from his mind. Next
day the regiment received from the army prisons some fourteen
deserters who had received their pardons on the intercession of
the Secretary.

That same day, the 24th, Col. Ledlie received marching
orders. It had been determined to send the 3d New York to
Burnside. This gallant General was about the only commander
at that date, in the spring of 1862, who was meeting with bril-
liant successes. He stood in urgent need of reinforcements to
carry on the operations of his department, especially requiring
a light artillery regiment, and while commandants of many or-
ganizations sought to enter the service of "this victorious and
popular chief, the Government selected at first only four, and one
of them was the 3d New York.

On the 25th of March, the regiment broke camp on Arlington
Heights and wended its way to Washington. Passing the noble-
hearted Secretary of State on a side street, the men rent the air
with deafening cheers in iiis honor. Getting aboard a freight
train after some delay, they finally made a start and arrived in
Annapolis at daylight on the 26th. They formed column on de-
barking and proceeded to the Navy Yard, where they were quar-
tered for two days. The men were kept well together, a line of
sentinels preventing egress from the yard, except to a favored
few, who were allowed to visit the capital on errands of curiosity
and purveyance.

Gen. Dix, commanding in this department, issued the follow-
ing order on the 27th :

" Col. T. C. Amory, 17th Massachusetts, will take command
of the 3d New York Artillery, 2d Maryland, 17th Massachusetts
and 103d New York, now embarked in this city, or at Annapolis,
and proceed to Hatteras Inlet, where lighters will be ready to
take them over the inner bar and orders will meet them. It is
desirable that the transports keep together."

About noon on the 28th, the men were conveyed aboard the
steamer Fulton that lay in the Patuxent, a huge, black steamer
of the Cunard or some one of the coast lines, which afterwards
became well known all along the coast and among blockading
squadrons and was a favorite ocean transport. Her capacity
was very great, but the present occasion tested it severely, for
not only were the whole 1,300 artillery men stowed away in her
roomy interior, but also several companies of the 103d New

I06 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

York and seven hundred horses. She took them all in quite
comfortably. The 17th Massachusetts embarked on the Star of
tfu South. The others, on the Ericson and Marion.

Dropping down into the Chesapeake, about 2 p. m. of the
29th, the fleet steamed down the noble bay. The water was
alive with magnificent vessels, and stately frigates, saucy gunboats
and crafts of all sorts were passed on the way. By night fall,
the fleet was stretching its course out upon the ocean. Once
out of sight of land, the heaving of the ocean produced a la-
mentable effect upon the land men, and the bulwarks of the
Fulton were lined on both sides, from stem to stern, with the
sickest lot of men in the experience of the 3d Artillery. Land
hove in sight again on the 30th, and at 10 p. m., after a wet,
cold, slippery day, the iy/Z/^w dropped anchor within a few miles
of shore, off Hatteras Inlet, the fort guarded entrance to Pamlico
Sound. Burnside's fleet was to be dimly descried inside the
bar, while a noble steamer, the City of New York lay stranded
on the sand spit south of the Inlet.

Weighing anchor on the morning of the 31st, the Fulton
steamed in close to the bar, when the troops were transferred by
the little gunboat Sentimi and other vessels to transports inside
the bar. Here they waited till nearly the middle of the after-
noon, while the men thronged the sides of the transports and
eagerly scrutinized and commented upon the monotonous scenery
of the sand spits, the forts Hatteras and Clark on either side of
the channel, the thousands of gulls and the various vessels in
the fleet. At length, the fleet turned its prows down the broad
Sound, and about 4 o'clock reached the mouth of the river
Neuse. Following the course of Burnside and Goldsborough,
a fortnight previous, in the expedition which resulted in the cap-
ture of Newbern and the forts, the fleet slowly ascended the
river. The current was wide, but shallow, characteristic of all
North Carolina rivers for nearly a hundred miles inland from
the coast. Gloomy forests of pine covered the banks to the
water's edge with scarce an opening, indicating the existence of
those tangled and trackless swamps that are a feature of the
coast region of this State.

About sunset, the fleet approached the crowded wharves of
the city of Newbern, lying at the point of land at the confluence
of the rivers Neuse and Trent.

The regiment did not go ashore till April 2d, when, being by
Burnside's order attached to the ist division of his army, Gen.
John G. Foster commanding, it went ashore, landing on a wharf
at the lower end of the city, near where the celebrated rebel
cotton bale battery stood.

, A I ,■;

IN NEWBERN. 10/

Stacking muskets and knapsacks, until all were ashore, it then
formed into line and was escorted by the 24th Massachusetts
Volunteers through the city to the western suburb. Camp was
pitched in a large field opposite to and near a large asylum for
children.

The arrival of the new troops created a general stir in the
army, and was mentioned by the Newbern Progress, a newspa-
per printed by the Massachusetts volunteers. This paper men-
tioned another important event in the same connection. Its
paragraph on the subject was as follows : —

"Newbern, N. C, April 5, 1862.

Large reinforcements have arrived for this department, and
on Wednesday and Thursday the streets were alive with regi-
ments marching through to occupy the camps assigned them.
Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania contribute troops,
and Maryland sends her loyal sons to fight against the foul re-
bellion that sought to draw her in.

How nobly New York has responded to the Government's call
for volunteers may be seen from the fact that among the regi-
ments she has sent here is the 103d, and this, we understand, is
not by any means the highest in the number.

The 3d Artillery, which, under the act of Congress changing
the organization of the army, has been raised to 1,300 men,
also arrived, and was noticeable from its admirable appearance
and discipline.

'I'he division has been raised to a corps d'armee by these rein-
forcements, and the army will read with interest the following
extrnct from general orders : —

general orders — no. 23.

Department of North Carolina, )

Newbern, April 2, 1862. )

* * * mm*

I. The corps d'armee now in occupation of this department
will at once be organized into three divisions, to be commanded,
according to seniority of rank, as follows : —

First division by Acting Maj.-Gen. Foster.

Second division by Acting Maj.-Gen. Reno.

Third division by Acting Maj.-Gen. Parke.

m * m « « #

By command of Maj.-Gei^ Burnside.
Lewis Richmond, Assistant Adjt.-Gen." •

I08 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

VI.

AT NEWBERN.

Burnslde'i Coast Division — North Carolina's Value to the Confederacy — Arrival
of the 3d Artillery — Newbern — Fortifying — Details for Special Service —
Schenck's Scout — Fort Totten — The jd New York bringing up the Guns —
Mounting the LigRc Batteries — An Explosion — A Grand Incursion Afoot —
Burnside Called Away — Stewart, Chief-Engineer — The Defenses — How Pay-
masters Paid the Contrabands — The Health of the Regiment.

In the latter part of 1861, Gen. Burnside, who was in com-
mand of the provisional briG;ades into which new troops were
formed in the city of Washington, had frequent consultations
with Gen. McClellan about the blockade of the Potomac and
the Southern coast. He proposed to raise a division, composed
of 10,000 men, as many of them as possible familiar with the
sea, and equip them with light draught steamers, surf boats, and
sailing vessels, which could move quickly from one port to
another and operate against the enemy. The larger vessels
were to be armed with heavy guns to overcome opposition on
the coast without waiting for iron-clad gunboats, and to be well
supplied with launches and all the facilities for landing troops.
All vessels to be of the lightest draft, so as to navigate the
shallow rivers <of North Carolina and the inlets of the Chesa-
peake, Potomac, and James. Burnside's plans being approved,
he raised three brigades, commanded by Gens. Reno, Parke,
and Foster, respectively, comprising 11,500 men, and obtained

BURNSIDES DELIGHT WITH THE REGIMENT. IO9

a large fleet of North river ferry boats, light draught steamers,
schooners, &c.

Upon reporting to the President that his Coast Division, as it
was called, was organized and ready for action, he received
orders to proceed at once to North Carolina and strike and
cripple the rebellion there to the extent of his power. It was
intended that his movement should have an important bearing
on a nearly simultaneous movement of the grand Army of the
Potomac, in Virginia, under McClellan, and by cutting the rail-
roads that crossed North Carolina and connected Virginia with
the far South, effect a diversion in McClellan's favor. He sailed
at once. On February 8th he captured Roanoke Island, "the
key to Norfolk," then held by a large force of rebels. March
14th, he captured Newbern, and during April and May follow-
ing he carried the flag everywhere throughout the coast region
of the State.

It may be remarked here, to show the value of a strong foot-
ing for the Union army in North Carolina, that in military impor-
tance this State was a battle field second only to Virginia. In
fact, after Virginia seceded, the old North State became essen-
tial to the very existence of the Confederacy. Had she not
been forced into joining them -by terrorism, the rebels would
have certainly conquered her. Across her territory ran the
great Washington, and VVeldon Railroad, the route of the South-
ern mail, "the jugular artery of the Confederacy," over which
half of the supplies of the rebel army in Virginia were brought
and which was the highway of travel for rebel troops. It was that
and other railroads in the interior, and also her agricultural
resources, that gave to North Carolina her military importance.
Hence, the rebels fortified Wilmington, the southern terminus of
the main road, with works of massive strength, to make sure the
harbor for blockade runners to slip into, and erected other
works on the main roads leading from the seaboard into the in-
teriors and garrisoned them with abundant forces, to keep their
precious Weldon line from being broken by incursions from the
seaboard.

The arrival of the reinforcements of April 2d was most wel-
come to Burnside, whose Coast Division was now much scatter-
ed. In Newbern he had scarce 5,000 men, previous to the
coming of the new troops. 3,500 men had been sent to occupy
Beaufort and Morehead city and lay siege to Fort Macon, while
^^^Z^ garrisons had been left at Roanoke Island and Hatteras
Inlet. The reinforcements raised the main body of the division
at Newbern to 8,500 men.

no 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. ■

Burnside took especial delight in the 3d New York Artillery.
He had asked the Government to send him a competent artillery
regiment, from which he might obtain material for reducing Fort
Macon, garrisoning the fortifications of the department, and fit-
ting out a force of flying or liglit artillery for service in the field.
He visited the camp of the 3d New York upon its arrival and
discovered the size and splendid discipline of the command with
considerable exultation. He complimented Col. Ledlie highly
thereupon.

As it vvas intended to preserve a permanent footing for the
United States army in Newbern, being favorably situated as a
base for offensive operations, Gen. Burnside made immediate
preparations to fortify the city and place it in a condition to defy
the most formidable assaults. It was a handsome town of eight
thousand inhabitants and occupied the extreme point of the pe-
ninsula formed by the confluence of the rivers Neuse and Trent.
On the east and south, it was already protected by nature by the
two rivers, which were here, though shallow, a mile and a half and
three quarters of a mile in width. On the north and west, it
was completely exposed. The locality was a level, sandy tract,
with stagnant ponds scattered over the surface west of the city,
and an extensive and impenetrable pine swamp a mile or two to
the westward stretching a long distance into the interior. For
many miles this tangled jungle and morass occupied nearly the
whole extent of country between the two rivers, the only land
firm enough to bear cultivation being along the banks of the
rivers. It was down these tracts of comparatively dry land by
the Neuse and Trent, that tw«» wagon roads approached the
town from the west, called respectively the Neuse and Trent
roads, converging in the western suburb. Between them, and
near the Neuse road, ran the railroad to Raleigh.

The plan of Burnside was to erect two or three substantial
forts on the western side of the city, covering the wagon roads
and railroad, and connect them in time, if necessary, with a line
of breastworks and rifle pits running from river to river. One
strong work had already been begun by the division engineers at
the central point, or key, of the whole line, viz : between the
Neuse and Trent roads, close to them both, a block's distance
out of town, by the first of April. This work, with which the 3d
Artillery afterwards had much to do, subsequently received the
name of Fort Totten.

For a while the body of the regiment remained in camp, act-
ing as heavy infantry, sending out an occasional scouting party,
and waiting for the development of the plans of the General

■'x.-^

SCENES AT NEWBERN. 1 1 1

commanding, in regard to the disposition to be made of the sev-
eral companies. The time was mainly employed in making the
acquaintance of other regiments and of the locality. With a
fellow regiment of poster's brigade, the 3d New York boys
formed at once a peculiarly intimate friendship, which lasted to
the end of the war. This was the 9th New Jersey, Col. Hick-
man commanding, one of the fighting regiments of the
department, which, though then a battalion of about nine
hundred men, suffered such losses during the war that, being
recruited up from time to time, nearly 5,000 men served in its
ranks before its final muster out. As to the locality, it secured
for a while a very large share of attention, being so different in
many respects from the scenery in the State of New York. The
country was flat and level, and diversified with immense pine
forests, instead of hills and almost limitless areas of swamps
instead of vales. Heavy forests bounded the horizon in every
direction. At night, for miles around, the sky would be illumi-
nated by extensive fires burning in them amongst the litter, as
the exhausted turpentine trees and low shrubbery were called.
The rivers, wide and shallow, having scarce a perceptible cur-
rent, rising and falling with the prevailing winds, were dailv the
scenes of great activity, and excited great interest. They
swarmed with sailing vessels, steamers, and ferry boats of every
build, color and description, all the larger ones provided with
heavy guns for offense and defense. The railroad bridge over
the Trent, 1,900 feet long, burnt by the rebels on their evacua-
tion in March, was also one of the curiosities to be visited, and
those who had passes were sure to go down and see it.

The first detail from the regiment for active service was the
sending of one company to participate in the siege of Fort Ma-
con. Learning that, by Gen. Burnside's order, one would be
sent, Capt. Ammon, of Battery I, repaired to Col. Ledlie's head-
quarters, and begged that he might be selected for the service.
His eagerness amused the Colonel, for the Captain was, physi-
cally, the smallest line officer in the regiment, and might have
been pardoned if he had seemed less anxious to enter the fray.
" Why, you little cuss," said Ledlie, " what do you want to go to
Fort Macon for? Why, you'll get killed." The Captain re-
sponded he expected to be off on leave of absence before long,
and proposed to carry home with him some substantial honors.
Seeing that he was determined, the orders for his march to
Macon were finally prepared, and on the loth of April the little
steamer Alice Fria bore him and his gallant company away.

Another chapter will relate their adventures. For the present

112 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

it is proposed to confine attention, for convenience sake, to a
general view of the services and oicperiences of tiie regiment at
Newbern for the year.

During April, the rebels lingered in close proximity to New-
bern in some force, their movements being reported to our com-
manding officers, from time to time, by negroes. Information
having been brought in of a cavalry picket which took stations
every day on Swift's creek, ten miles above the city, north of
the Neuse, Capt. Schenck went out with Companies E, A and
G to capture it. A North river ferry boat carried them up the
river. Landing, the men found a rebel masked battery, the guns
of which they dismounted. A negro guided them through
swamps and fields nearly eight miles to the picket post. They
surrounded the house. But the cavalry mounted and dashed
right through our thin line, three being unhorsed by our fire and
one captured. After a hard day's work, the party reached New-
bern- again late at night.

The second detail from the regiment for special service was
that of Capt. Ashcroft's company, a battery, (the technical
name for a company of artillery.) By Gen. Foster's order, the
ordnance department supplied the company with two iron field
pieces, captured from the rebels, and on the loth, the same day
thai Ammon sailed, it went out with the 23d Massachusetts
Volunteers to guard the railroad bridge over Bachelor's creek,
nine miles northwest of the city. It took its tents and baggage
and encamped at the outpost, remaining there several weeks.
Battery C was the first of the regiment that received light can-
non, and it made the most of them by drilling daily in the light
artillery tactics.

About the middle of April, the regiment changed camp and
went out into the plain west of the city, which was dotted with
the snowy canvas of the rest of Foster's brigade. The regiment
camped between the Neuse and Trent roads, a short distance in
rear of Fort Totten. Several companies now lent themselves
energetically to the work of completing thisFort and mounting
its guns. C, D and G had already been detailed for this pur-
pose, but C having gone oif on special service, K supplied its
place, while at various times A, E and M performed a share of
the work of getting the guns up to the Fort and into position.
D, G and K encam.ped in the Fort in May by order of Col. Led-
lie and became the garrison of the work.

Fort Totten was ori^^inally begun under the superintendency
of Capt. Williamson of the Topograpliical Engineers, the chief
engineer of Burnside's expedition. When the 3d New York

FORT TOTTEN, 113

reached Newbern, only its western parapet, the one toward the
enemy, had been put under way. On this several hundred
liberated negroes, anxious to do something for Uncle Sam, were
lustily plying pick and shovel. The earth being of a sandy
nature and readily worked, by the first of May the fort was in a
state of defense. Its massive parapet was up all around, eight
feet high and from twelve to fifteen thick, enclosing a pentago-
nal area of seven acres. Though rough and uncouth, showing
little of the fine finish and few of the well turned, natty angles
afterwards put on them, the walls were quite compact and solid
and would have done good service in case of attack.

The armament of the fort came from the rebel forts and bat-
teries cm the right bank of the river Neuse below the city, where,
on March 14th, as part of the spoils of the battle, Burnside had
captured enough cannon to make — with those found on the
field and in the city— sixty-nine in all. Afs there was no longer
any use for these river batteries, our Navy being competent to
keep the river open, their guns were taken out and brought to
Newbern and twenty-eight of them placed in Fort Totten.
Most of these latter were naval guns, 32-pounders, captured by
the rebels at Norfolk in 186 1. Some, however, were 64-pound
columbiads. Two were 100 pounders. They were brought up
to Newbern by detachments from the 3d Artillery. One working
party of twenty men from Battery A, under Lieut. Tomlison,
took up quarters near the principal rebel battery, known as Fort
Thompson, and spent several weeks there in the work. Getting
the guns out they slid them down the bank and loaded them on
scows and schooners. The task involved an immense amount
of labor — the lightest of the huge pieces weighing at least
5,000 pounds, the larger ones weighing 9,000 and over — but was
accomplished with such alacrity as to elicit the encomiums of
the commanding officers. The spikes, nails and files, which the
rebels had driven into the fuse holes of all the cannons, were
removed by the ingenious and skillful master-mechanic, Sidney
VV. Palmer, of Battery G. Many of the guns had been left
loaded and the charges had to be extracted accordingly before
they could be moved. One heavy gun was emptied by firing it
off. The detonation was terrific, for it had been loaded with
two shells and a solid shot. The roar of the gun, followed im-
mediately by the successive explosion of the shells over the water
was heard at Newbern, where it created for the moment a decid-
ed sensation. Our officers were expecting an attack at that
time and thought it had come. Drums beat in some of the
camps and troops were put under arms until the truth was
discovered.

114 5D KEVr-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERT.

Large detachments from Battery E under Capt. Schencli',
Battery D under Lieuts. Boyle and Brannick, Battery M under
Capt. White ^nd other companies, alsa,^ aided largely in this
work. Lieut. Bo>'le, by order of the authorities, blew up some
of the cannon that wer& too heavy to be quickly removed. A
heavy charge of powder being put into them, they were rammed
full of sand to the muzzle, and then exploded with an electric
spark.

The armament of Totten was all placed ir» position by June.
In May various companies of the regiment began to receive
their equipment as light artillery. Gen, Burnside only had one
field battery at the time he captured Newbern, viz r Battery F,.
ist Rhode Island, and was exceedingly anxious to have more,
now that he had seen the fortifications of Newbern well under
way, for he purposed to take the field at an early day. He ac-
cordingly directed Ccl. Ledlie to mount a battalion or two of
the 3d New York as fast as he could collect guns and horses
therefor. In May the Colonel succeeded in obtaining some of
the brass pieces taken from the rebels at Newbern battle, and
gave two apiece of them to Battery B and Battery F, which im-
mediately began the light artiUery drill, under then- respective
able and energetic commanders, Capts. Morrison and Jenny.
The full equipment of a field battery is six guns, with attendant
limbers to support the trails of the guns while on the h7arch, six
caissons, a traveling forge, a baggage wagon } and also a hun-
dred horses, each gun, caisson and wagon being drawn by six
horses, and a number of extra ones being required for officer*
and to supply the places of those disabled m battle. But Burn-
side's supply of guns and teams was exceedingly limited, and
the new light batteries were accordingly fitted out by slow
degrees.

Early in May, Major Kennedy arrived at Newbern from the
Army of the Potomac, having been promoted from the Captaincy
of the ist New York Batter\', through the influence of Col. Led-
fie, who needed a competent and thorough disciplinarian to
whom he could entrust the training of the light battalion. }{e
was assigned to duty May loth. He instituted regular drills.
had a school for officers in his tent and devoted himself un-
fl'aggingly to the work. Battery H having received a few guns-
joined the light batteries. The regiment was divided on June 5tb
into three battalions, the light batteries, B, F and H, being as-
signed to the command of Major Kennedy ; C, D, G and ^^,
heavy, to the command of Major Giles ; and A. E, I and K.
heavy, to Major Stone. As fast as they were mounted, the ligh:

MOUNTING THE LIGKT BATTERIES. 11$

batteries separated from the main body of the regiment, and en-
camped by themselves near the Neuse.

The third detail from the regiment for special service was on
the 28th of May. Battery G, under Capt. Wall, left that day for
Washington, N. C, on the river Tar, to garrison the fort at that
point. It had an abundance of adventure there, a recital of
which is postponed to another chapter.

June loth, Battery K was organized into a light battery and
sent across the Trent to report to Gen. Reno, commanding the
forces in camp there, with whom it also encamped,

June 28th, Battery M, Capt. James M. W^hite, a splendid body
of men, went, by order of Col. Ledlie, to Roanoke Island, to
garrison Fort Reno on the north end of the Island. The battery
remained there several weeks and then went to Hatteras Inlet
and garrisoned Fort Hatteras.

By the ist of July, Batteries B and F had received their full
armament. Both had a mixed lot of guns. B had two twenty-
four pound howitzers (brass,) two twelve pound howitzers (brass,)
and two twelve pound Wiards (iron and rifled). F had two iron
six pounders, two iron twelve pounders, and two howitzers.
Horses were obtained principally from the Massachusetts regi-
ments'baggage wagons. The old Bay State sent her regiments
into the field with everything complete. A large number of her
troops were in Burnside's army and their splendid teanas were
appropriated, as the emergency arose for them, to the use of the
3d Artillery.

While on the subject of the mounting light batteries, it may
not be amiss to speak of the other additions to the field artillery
of the 3d during the year 1862. Battery E was mounted with
four howitzers, two twelve pounders, two twenty-four pounders,
partly in August, partly in November. H received its full equip-
ment of six guns about the ist of December. K gave up its old
pieces and on December 4th received six brand new Rodmans,
three inch rifled guns, iron, throwing an elongated or " cucum-
ber " shell. I was provided with four twenty-pounder Parrots,
about the ist of December, at which time F received six twelve
pound Wiards and B six twelve pound brass " Napoleons."

The summer and fall of 1862 was spent in drilling the several
companies in their respective roles as light and heavy artillery,
in the perfection of the line of fortifications and in the ordinary
routine of camp duties.

In the month of June, a second fort was begun by the contra-
bands, on the west side of Newbern, north of the principal
*ork. It received the name of Fort Rowan, It was small, but

Il6 3D NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

handsome and stout, and received for its armament four 20 lb.
and 30 lb. Parrots and a 12-inch mortar. Battery A, Capt.
Charles White, mounted its guns, constructed its magazines,
sodded the parapets, built comfortable quarters, and became its
garrison.

June 4th, 2,000 cartridges exploded in the orderly's tent of
Battery G. Sherwood, Mowers, Goodrich, Bush and Quick were
present at the time. Some of the party were smoking. The
explosion tore the tent to tatters, and the party found itself sud-
denly standing in the open air. Sherwood and Mowers were
considerably burnt.

On the 2d of June, Burnside reviewed the Coast Division at
Newbern. Fifteen thousand men, including the 3d New York,
comprising every arm of the service, were present on one field.
During the review a sword was presented to Burnside, in behalf
of the State of Rhode Island. Salutes by the drum corps, the
pealing of artillery, the waving of flags and cheers of the troops
attended the ceremony.

It was a favorite policy of our Government during the war to
order simultaneous movements against the enemy in several de-
partments at once, so as to prevent him from concentrating to
resist any specific attack. In accordance with this idea, Burn-
side, being duly instructed thereon from Washington, prepared
to make demonstrations in North Carolina, while McClellan in
Virginia was advancing up the peninsula on Richmond. The
rebels had withdrawn a portion of their troops from North Car-
olina to oppose McClellan, and Burnside was sanguine that he
could cut his way far into the interior and completely isolate
Virginia from the rest of the rebellion. July ist, he issued
orders for the army at Newbern to advance at daybreak of the
2d, in the direction of Kingston. All the brigade commanders
issued stirring proclamations, liberally sprinkled with such or-
thodox phrases as " fresh laurels," " new victories," *"■ glorious
old fiag," "proud confidence," and "traitorous enemy," and the
troops prepared for a long expedition. Batteries B and F, 3d
New York, amongst the rest. Battery K was unable to go on
account of a lack of transportation. A telegram from Wash-
ington, however, arrested the movement, and no one went.
Disaster had overtaken the Union arms in Virginia. McClellan,
the " little Napoleon," had fled from the face of a badly beaten
enemy, and the North was in a state of horror and alarm. Car-
olina was now to be robbed of 10,000 good Union muskets to
reinforce him and restore confidence at the North. Burnside
promptly abandoned the projected expedition. He embarked

■;'. ..:: , i/.'- ■; ■ rrj- r'

STEWART CHIEF ENGINEER. II7

the brigades of Reno and Parke, and impelled them with all
Sfjeed to Fortress Monroe, himself going thither July 4th. All |

the regiments at Newbern paid the General a marching salute \

before his departure, the 3d New York, after the parade, giving
itself up to Independence day festivities.

Gen. Foster took command of North Carolina by order of
Bumside, having left him only 3,000 men to hold the numerous
cities and forts in possession of the Federal forces. j

On the loth of August, Lieut.-Col. Stewart became Chief |

Engineer of the department on Foster's staff, Capt. Williamson \

having been relieved from duty. To the new Engineer, Foster ]

committed more especially the work of completing the fortifica- I

tions of Newbern, which now, on the withdrawal of so large a |

part of the army, acquired a fresh importance. Stewart applied I

himself to the task with accustomed energy and success. He
remained in the discharge of the duties of the new position till
the latter part of January, 1863, by which time he had made
Newbern impregnable on the west and had done much to make it
secure on the south side of the Trent. Fort Totten and Rowarr
were finished. A strong redoubt was built on the lines between
them. A swamp in front of the lines and south of the railroad
was ingeniously utilized for defense by damming up the outlet
of its waters through a culvert in the railroad embankment, thus
creating a large and impassable pond in front of our defenses.
A strong breastwork was constructed from the Trent to Fort
Totten, and thence to the swamp near Fort Rowan, a ditch pro-
tecting it in front, in some places thirty feet deep. Fort Gaston,
south of the Trent, guarding a wagon bridge half a mile from
the city-, was finished. Fort Spinola, south of the Trent, near
the Neuse, was also built, with block houses and various other
works at different places on the lines. I

In Fort Totten the amount of work done was immense. i

First, the parapets had to be revetted. Commencing at the |

bottom of the outer slope, in the ditch, the revetment was made i

with sods piled one on the other, eighteen inches thick. At the j

top of the ditch the sods were then laid in the usual manner, in |

one layer. The inner face of the parapet received a similar re- i

vetraent to the ditch wall. When completed, this gave to the i

fort a strong turf over every foot of surface of its walls, and the I

grass being kept nicely cut not only gave it a superb appearance I

but made it proof against the elements and bombardment. The j

embrasures were revetted with gabions, or wicker baskets, filled j

with sand. In October, Lieut.-Col. Stewart founded the great j

traverse of the fort, a huge parapet of earth and logs on the j

H8 3D*NEW-Y01iK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY,

terra pleine of the work, 400 feet long, 35 high and 28 throuojh
at the base, to shelter the garrison behind against cannon shot
during a bombardment. The construction of this was a task of
enormous difficulty and consumed many months. It was not
quite finished when Stewart resigned the engineership. Once,
during its construction, in November, an attack being appre-
hended, Stewart impressed every cart and cartman in Newbern,
over thirty in number, to haul dirt into the traverse and kept
them hard at work for nearly ten days.

The contrabands performed all the manual labor on these de-
fensive works. Newbern was thronged with these hardy plebes.
They had fled from the interior, bringing in their wives and
children, and two immense camps had been created by the au-
thorities of the post for their accommodation. One camp stood
near Fort Totten. One was south of the Neuse. Six hundred
of the stoutest of the men in their camps were sorted out to do
this labor on the forts, and, being divided into gangs averaging
sixty each, overseers and superintendents were appointed from
the 3d Artillery to supervise their operations. These officials
were the following :

Superintendents — Sidney W. Palmer, Battery G ; Wm. Fergu-
son, Wm. Hurd, Battery A.

Overseers — Chester D. Barnes, Charles Brokaw, Wm. H.
Hopping, Thomas E. Post, David Ray, Richard White, Battery
A ; Geo. W. Hall, W. W. Siddons, Battery C ; Wm. H. John-
son, Charles Rynders, Robert -Riby, John Shea, Elisha Stanton,
Vincent F. Story, Battery E ; Laughlin McCarthy, John Ratti-
gan, John Tearney, Battery D.

Overseers from other regiments had other gangs.

These negroes were very ignorant and needed these overseers
to look after their interests, for they were being constantly im-
posed upon, especially by the United States paymasters. ' The
darkies did not know the value of the money that the paymasters
passed out to them on pay day, and for several months they
were deliberately swindled. If the man's bill was fifteen dollars,
the purveyor of greenbacks would hand him a handful of frac-
tional notes, probably not amounting to more than five dollars,
which, as he could not count, he supposed was all right. Every
man would be served that way. The overseers, reporting the
condition of affairs, at length put a stop to the disgraceful
practice.

The health of the 3d Artillery suffered somewhat during the
first summer at Newbern, owing to the peculiarities of the cli-
mate. The lack of pure spring water was a prolific source of

1 ,:,

HEALTH OF THE REGIMENT. II9

trouble. It was obtained for camp and culinary purposes from
wells dug in the sand and marl. Much of it was of a milky hue.

The people said it was unhealthy, but it had to be often used as j

there was no other. The soldiers drank whisky as copiously I

as camp regulations allowed, "to counteract the effect " The i

remedy was not so effectual but that, combined with the warmth I

and malarial influences of the swamp region, the bad water j

brought upon the hands of Dr. Dimon and his assistants scores i

of patients with dysentery. Malarial and congestive fevers also I

abounded, and several deaths occurred from maladies of that j

character. But the former was the more frequent complaint, |

and required care and powerful medicines in its treatment, as, |

until cold weatker came on, it became more obstinate in its chai- j

acter every day. Dr. Dimon traces part of these difficulties in a |

measure to the food. The potato ration was not issued, the I

tuber in North Carolina being a coarse and watery article. I

Pickles were almost unattainable, as part of the ration, nor was !

the vinegar the genuine article made from cider. Often, too, j

the men were imprudent in the use of fruit and vegetables, the 1

«oldiers' failing, which in that climate was very conducive to I

sickness. In short, during the summer of '62, very few in the j

regiment did not have occasion to swallow several doses of Dr. i
Dimon's jalap, rhei, calomel, quinine, cornus Florida (gathered

in bark from the woods by the Doctor's assistants and boiled 1

down), and opium, and would perhaps have taken down more of j

6ome of them had the department been better stocked with j

medical supplies. The regiment did not, however, suffer from |

any severity of sickness. On the contrary, its general health j
was excellent, and it enjoyed a comparative exemption from se-
rious disorders.

And now let us turn to speak of the battles and expeditions
■of 1B62 in North Carolina, in which our regiment bore a part

I20 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER AJlTIiXERY.

VII.

FORT 'MACON, WASHINGTON AND RAWLES' MILLS.

Battery I Goes to Fort Macon — The Fort — Inctdena of the Siege — Death of
Dart — Macore Surrenders — TcstimoniaU to Battery I — Battery G Goes to
Washington, North Carolina — Prevalence o/ Malaria — The Rebels Surprise-
the Town — Desperate Fight — Sudden Advent of Banery H — Our Victory —
The Losses — The Tarboro Expedinon — Rawles" Mills — A Grand Scene.

After the capture of Hatteras Inlet and Newbern, the only-
seaports left to the Confederates on the North Carolina coast
.were Beaufort and \\11mington harbors. Burnside's successes
in March having isolated the former, guarded by Fort Macon^
from the rebel army of central North Carolina, the General sent
Gen. Parke down with several brave Rhode Island and Connec-
ticut regiments to capture it and the Fort before the garrison of
the latter could be reinforced from Wilmington. In the enter-
prise against the fort, Battery I of the 3d New York bore a
prominent part.

The little steamer, Alice Price, Foster's flag ship, bore the
blue-clad warriors of Battery I, eighty-five in number, Capt.
Ammon commanding, armed with muskets, away from Newbern
April loth, 1862. It landed them eighteen miles below the city
on the south bank of the Neuse, at the mouth of Slocum's creek.
This was the spot where Burnside's Coast Division landed for
the victorious advance against Newbern in March. The men
bivouacked on shore for the night, in company with a detach-
ment of infantry which they found here guarding a deserted
rebel cavalry- camp and some munitions of war. Sleeping on

FORT MACON. 12?

their arms, as a precaution in case of an attack from bush-
whackers who prowled the extensive swamps surrounding the
locaUty, they rose early in the nwrning and began their solitary
march to Carolina City. Striking through the swamps they
came out on the railroad^ running from Newbern down to the
harbor. They followed that a distance and then took to the
roads, passing deep forests of fragrant pine and fir, dotted
with verdant glades full of the delicious perfume of wild flowers^
with straggling cottages and bits of cultivated soil here and
there along the route, and coming out into the level and open
country as they approached the coast. The march of twenty
miles was made in four hours. The Battery encamped, while
Capt. Ammon reported his arrival to Gen. Parke. The General
was waiting for artillerymen, and ordered him to cross Bogue
Sound next day, and join the troops operating against the Fort.

The men could see Fort Macon across the water, two miles
away, its flag plainly visible. It was one of the most important
and costly of the great Atlantic sea coast defenses of our
country, which the rebels had appropriated in the early days of
treason. Not one of these defenses had on April loth been re-
captured by the Federal arms. To wrest this important prize
from the rebels, and present it and its captured garrison to our
Government, first of all the reclaimed forts, was the ambition
of Gen. Parke. When taken possession of in January, i86i, at
the command of Gov. Ellis, of North Carolina, Macon was in
poor repair. It had, however, since then been placed in a state
of complete efficiency for aggressive resistance, its armament
especially having been reinforced. Its walls now bristled with
sixty lo-inch Columbiads and other monster ordnance. Always
rated as a work second only in strength and importance to For-
tress Monroe and Fort Sumpter, it was now a work almost
impregnable, if properly garrisoned and defended. It was a
large, low, pentagonal, casemated structure of brick masonry,
roofed with a heavy, bomb-proof embankment of earth, well
sodded, forming a central peep, the guns being mounted on it
m barbette. Encircling the central work, and with a space be-
tween forming a broad passage way, was a huge rampart of
earth, half as high as the main fort, with a broad, gentle glacis,
or slope towards the outside country. This formed an exterior
battery, and from its parapet frowned another tier of barbette
guns. It was called the water battery, and its office was also to
act as a shield and protection during bombardment, to the soft,
though immensely thick brick walls of the central work.

The Fort was situated at the entrance to the beautiful and ca-

•vo

122 3® NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER AKTILLERY

pacious harbor of Beaufort, on a sand hummock occupying the
north end of Bogue Island, a long, low, narrow outlying sand
spit, nearly barren, peculiar to this coast, diversified with sand
hills and lagoonS, running parallel to the main land for twenty
miles. The fire of the Fort commanded the entrance, which
was known as Old Topsail Inlet, three-quarters of a mile wide,
its garrison at that time being Col. Moses J. White, of Missis-
sippi, with a company of " Atlantic " Artillery ; Battery B, ten
Artillery "Woodpecks," and Company H, Old Topsail rifles,
and two other infantry companies, 450 in all.

Gen. Parke decided to assail in the rear by establishing bat-
teries on Bogue Island, to either bombard it into submission, or
get down its fire by dismounting its guns so that it might be
carried by storm. The blockading squadron was to co-operate.

April 13th, Capt Ammon, with Battery I, poled slowly across
Bogue Sound on flat boats, and encamped on the beach of the
Island. The Fort discharged sixty shells at the company, while
crossing, and during the day, the only result of which, however,
was to inure the men to the din of war. Gen. Parke, with his
infantry, was on the Island, skirmishing with the enemy's
pickets, and waiting for the arrival of the Battery. On the night
of the 14th, Battery I fell into line and marched through the
sand hills across to the other side of the Island. Moving silent-
ly up along the ocean beach, it then struck again into the Island,
and chose a spot in the edge of the sand hills, 1,400 yards from
Fort Macon, just in rear of the crest of a sand knoll, for an
earthwork for a ten inch mortar battery. Throwing ofif all im-
pediments, the men went at once to work. The loose crumbling
sand of the Island was miserable stuff to construct a reliable
rampart of, but the boys set themselves resolutely at it, knowing
that in the coming bombardment, the strength of their work was
to be a matter of considerable personal importance. They made
the parapet straight, without embrasures, mortars being fired into
the air and not requiring them. It was eight feet high, and re-
vetted and kept in place on the inside by bags of carpet, packed
with sand and securely wired together. On the i8th, Lieuts.
Kelsey and Thomas took twenty men and began the erection of
a breastwork, 100 yards to the right and front, for an eight inch
mortar battery. The men toiled at this work ten days and seven
nights, building their works and placing in position their mor-
tars, four in each battery. They had to bring these up at night
with the assistance of teams from the rear. The days were
warm and the work excessively tiresome, and exposed the men
somewhat to danger from the occasional shots from the Fort.

ASSAULT ON FORT MACON. 123

Magazines had also to be built to shield the ammunition from
danger while in action, and shot, shell and powder had to be
brought up to stock them. The men spared no exertion in this
work, stopping only now and then to snatch a brief repose, sleep-
ing on the ground in the soft sand in their blankets, until the
24th, when all was in readiness for assailing the Fort Mean-
while a third battery had been made 300 yards in front of the
ten inch mortar battery, mounting four Parrot cannon in em-
brasures. The putting of the armament into these works was a
task of great magnitude and was performed in a spirit that
evoked a testimonial from Burnside, who came to the Island and
inspected the operations. He said, (in March, 1863,) "At the
siege of Fort Macon, the hardships and difficulties which the
troops had to undergo in the transportation of the guns, mortars,
ammunitions and provisions, through the intricate channels and
over the sand hills, exceeded everything that I have ever known
in the way of land service. It was all performed by the men
without a murmur."

The enemy did not, of course, permit these operations to go
on unnoticed. He constantly annoyed the growing earthworks
with shot and shell, though without stopping operations. The
men soon learnt to listen for the report of the rebel cannon and
watch for the coming shot and dodge it.

The Fort being summoned to surrender very naturally refused.
Gen. Parke, therefore, ordered the attack for the next d.iy, it
being arranged that Capt. Morris should have the honor of firing
the first gun, and that our blockading fleet outside the harbor
should steam in to shore and co-operate.

The men of Battery I quietly took their places around their
mortars in the two breastworks before daylight of the 25th,
The monster pieces, mounted on strong wooden platforms, were
loaded with shells and all things held in readiness for the bom-
bardment, every man being assigned his specific duty to perform
during the day in serving the mortars and bringing powder and
shells from the magazines. Meanwhile Capt Morris's men
stood to their guns, and Gen. Parke sent out a regiment to rein-
force the picket line, lodged away out in front among the sand
hummocks for the purpose of repelling any sorties from the fort
upon the redoubts, or of assaulting if ordered so to do. Pre-
cisely at 5 A. M. the Parrot Battery spoke. The thunder of a
gun boomed to Fort Macon an angry jostling of its garrison
from slumber. Capt Ammon stood watching over the parapet
of the ten-inch mortar battery. In his hand he held the lanyard
attached to the friction fuse of a shotted mortar. When he saw

124 3^ NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Capt. Morris, with a quick jerk, evoke the music of one of the
Parrot guns, he sprang down and pulled the lanyard of the mor-
tar, firing the second gun in the bombardment of the devoted
fortress. Then from every redoubt, with a concussion that
shook the earth, there leaped into the air jets of spurting flame
and huge columns of thick, gray smoke that, rolling down a
moment after, enfolded and hid from sight every battery, while
twelve monster shells well aimed carried devastation into the
fort At the first gun, the sentinel, in his usual perch upon the
cross-tree of the flag-staff at Macon, dropped to the ground with
the celerity of light and vanished behind the rampart Cannon
and mortar, the one with horizontal, the other with curved fire,
began, after the first salvo, a steady, persistent, rapid bombard-
ment. For full twenty mintues the Fort was mute, the only smoke
curling from its walls being that made by the explosion of our
shells. The mortar firing was at first a little wild — many shells
going clear over the fort ; but this was soon corrected. One of
the very first of the ten-inch mortar shells, however, which
Ammon saw fired in person, landed plumb in the water bat-
tery o( the fort. Rolling up the brick walk, it lay there whizzing
furiously. A sentinel on duty close by, paralyzed with terror,
stood rooted to the spot, gazing at the unwelcome missile till it
burst, when a fragment of it blew his head off. The eight-inch
mortars under Lieuts. Thomas and Kelsey were gallantly served
and were now pouring in a furious rain of shells. At length,
the deep boom of a thirty-two-pounder from the Fort gave out
an answer to the bombardment, and the heavy missile came
bounding in among the sand hills, throwing up great clouds of
dust Other guns then opened, and in a short time Columbiad
and Parrot thundered defiance from the rebel ramparts. By
eight o'clock, eighteen guns, pointing up the Spit, were at work
at us and kept up a heavy and continuous discharge, sending a
furious storm of shot and shell, roaring and bursting over and
into the redoubts to the great destruction of their parapets.
They were aimed at first principally, at the Parrot battery,
which, being most exposed, was assailed first Later both mor-
tar batteries came in for a heavy direct fire. The ten-inch bat-
tery was imperiled by the fire on the Parrot gun redoubt, how-
ever, quite as much as that redoubt was ; for the rebel shot
hurled at it, bounding, generally landed in or around the ten-
inch battery behind it.

The service of mortars is a laborious and begriming occupa-
tion, and the men of the 3d Artillery were soon blackened with
powder and dust, till, seen through distorting smoke, toiling at
their fierce engines of destruction, they looked like infernals.

SURRENDER OF FORT MACON. 125

By eight o'clock the mortar firing became very accurate, and
nearly every shell was neatly dropped in the besieged fort. Some,
falling on the parapets, buried themselves deep, and then ex-
ploding heaved up on high great black clouds and columns of
wood, brick, sand and debris, completely hiding, as they fell, the
rebel guns. Others dropping into the interior annoyed and
wounded the garrison.

The rebels at first outnumbered us in guns. To our twelve
they replied with eighteen, and among these was one great 128-
pounder Columbiad. The crash of this gun was so distinct and
deep that it dominated over the pealing of the 32-pjunders and
could be told every time it was fired. About 9 o'clock, the
Federal redoubts received the assistance of the gunboats Day'
light, Chippewa, Albatross, and State of Georgia, who came near
the Spit and sent in an enfilading fire, but the water was rough,
and they early had to retire.

The commotion created in Ammon's redoubt by the firing
was terrific. It now began to work evil consequences. Rebel
shot tore up the parapet and began to disintegrate it, throwing
showers of sand over into the redoubt, while the blast and con-
cussion of the mortars shook down the crumbling rampart. The
men were actually uncovered, and about 1 1 o'clock were forced
to lay down, and for a while take the storm of rebel shot with-
out replying to it. The redoubt was rebuilt again, hov/ever, and
before long again sent in a heavy fire, with great persistence and
excellence of aim. The guns of the fort were now being grad-
ually knocked down aiid deserted. By 3 p. iM. all had been si-
lenced but one. That was the great 128-pounder, which could
not be seen and could not be searched out by our balls. It kept
up a slow fire till the last moment.

At 4 o'clock our triumph came and the Fort displayed a white
flag. Our batteries ceased firing at once, and a flag of truce
coming out, Capt. Pell, of Burnside's staff, Lieut. Prouty. of the
Ordnance department, Capt. Ammon, Lieut. Thomas, aud Lieut.
Hill, of Parke's staff, went forward to meet it. On the way
they passed the regiment, which had been placed on our picket
line. It lay half buried in the sand tossed upon it by the bound-
ing cannon shot. Gen. Parke being signaled, thereupon, gave
his consent to an armistice, and one was agreed upon till 9 a. m.
next day, at which time the Fort surrendered. Gen. Parke had
hoped that it would be the first of the great United States forts
reclaimed from the rebels. But Fort Pulaski had been captured
by Gen. Gilmore April nth, two weeks before. It was, how-
ever, the second captured work. Forts Jackson and St. Philip
not being taken by Butler till the 27th, two days later.

126 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

One man only was killed among the United States forces in
this siege. This was William Dart of Ammon's battery. When
the fire of the Fort had somewhat slackened, the men of the bat-
tery had braved danger freely, and looked over the parapet to
see the bombs burst in the fort. When a puff of smoke showed
the discharge of a rebel cannon, the men would look against the
sky for the ball, and dodge below the parapet in time to avoid
it. Once two guns had been fired from the fort, which Dart
failed to observe. While bravely exposing himself to danger,
and driving a range stake for his mortar, a solid shot struck him
in the breast, killing him instantly.

Two men received wounds during the siege, in Capt. Morris's
battery.

The rebel loss was 8 killed, 20 wounded, and 430 prisoners,
besides 50 guns, 20,000 pounds of powder, 400 stand of arms,
and 20 horses.

Our forces took possession of the fort on the morning of April
36th, the 5th Rhode Island marching in with colors flying. The
eflfect of our shot and shell was regarded with curious eyes. It
was terrible. The ramparts, the ground inside, the ditches,
were strewn with thousands of iron fragments of exploded shells.
The parapets were ploughed and rent, the inner walls gashed in
a hundred places, chimneys were knocked flat, guns dismounted
and gun carriages were knocked to pieces and their splinters
scattered in every direction. One 30-Ib. Parrot shot, meeting
some railroad iron, set up to protect a doorway, cut four rails
square off, and buried itself its length in brick masonry. Dur-
ing the firing Battery I threw into the fort 560 effective shells.

Col. Rodman took command of the captured fortress tempo-
rarily, Capt. Ammon's battery, in honor of the share borne by
it in its reduction, being given the Colonel for artillery gar*
risen. On the 26th, Gen. Burnside issued the following order:

"The General commanding takes peculiar pleasure in express-
ing his thankfulness to Gen. Parke and his brave command for
their patient labor, fortitude, and courage, displayed in the in-
vestment and reduction of Fort Macon. Every patriot heart
will be filled with gratitude to God for having given to our be-
loved country such soldiers."

Burnside then ordered the 4th Rhode Island, 5th Rhode
Island and 8th Connecticut Volunteers, Capt. Ammon's Battery
and Capt. Morris's Battery, to inscribe on their banners, " Fort
Macon, 26th April, 1862." This was the first victory written on
the flag of the 3d New York Artillerv.

The success of Battery I was hailed with delight at Newbern.

v''- 1 '■■ ' < i^fiC

rRESENTATION TO BATTERY U 12/

*
The brother officers of Capt. Ammon sent at once to Tiffany,
the jeweler, in New York, for a beautiful guidon flag of crimson
and white silk, fringed with yellow, hung on a black walnut staff
with a solid silver spear head, with an inscription conrrmemorat-
ing the victory. The letter accompanying its presentation was
as follows r

"Headquarters ^d New York Artillery, >
Nevtbern, N. C, August 19, 1862. )'
Captain: — In behalf of the field and staff' of this regiment, I
have the honor to present to yon, as the representative of Com-
pany I, 5d New York Artillery, a guidon inscribed, " Fort Ma-
con. April 26th, 18^2," which iTiscription you won the right to
wear on your colors by the fine endurance displayed by your
command during the Tong days and nights of preparation, (being
constantly exposed to the fire of a watchful and untiring enemy,)
and by heroic valor at the bombardment of Fort Macon, which
was won also by the blood of one of your brave men. It is grat-
ifying to know, that, though exposed to the terrible hail which
fell around incessantly for ten long hours, not a man of your
command faltered ; but all fought like heroes until the white
flag upon the epaulment announced that Fort Macon had fallen.
Hoping you may win new laurels and that other inscriptions
may grace your colors, I have the honor to be.

Yours Very Truly,

James H. Ledlie,
Colonel 3d New York Artillery."

tJRon the staff" of the guidon a silver plate was lettered thus :
*' Presented by Colonel Ledlie, Lieut.-Col. Stewart, Major Stone,
Major Giles, Chaplain Hart, Q. M. Chedell, Surgeon Dimon,
Adj. Dennis, Asst. Surg. Knight."

Col. Rodman remained in command at Macon a short time
only, a day or two. Capt. Ammon succeeded him and was
commandant until May 27th, when he was ordered home on re-
cruiting service. Battery I remained at the Fort till December.
It was ordered to Newbern then to take part in an expedition.
It arrived there December 3d.

Major Giles was commandant at Macon in January, 1863. and
Major Stone was commandant there from June, 1863, to May
»5. 1864.

June 27th, 1862, Battery G, Capt. John Wall, 3d New York
Artillery, about ninety strong, equipped with muskets as heavy
artillery, was ordered by Col. Ledlie to go to Washington, N. C,

128 3^ N£W-YORR VOLUNTEER ARTILLERW

to garrison the fortifications then being built for the defense of
that town. It was to take with it five brass and one iron six
pound field pieces, captured by the rebels from us at the battle
of Bull Run and retaken at the battle of Newbern. The Battery
arrived at Washington on the North river ferry boat Curlew^
at 4 P. M. of the 28th, going into barracks on the wharf for the
night. Next day it was quartered in buildings in the town.

Washington, familiarly called by our troops Little Washing-
ton to distinguish it in speech from the Capital of the United
States, boasting, in 1862, 3,000 inhabitants, occupies a site on
the north bank of the Tar River, which is wide and ten feet
deep here and is crossed by a long bridge. Its garrison on the
arrival of Battery G consisted of the ist North Carolina Union
Volunteers, Col. Potter commanding ; 24th Masschusetts Vol- \
unteers ; a company of Marine Artillery, and a company of the 1
3d New York Cavalry, — the whole under command of Col. I
Potter. In the stream lay the Union gunboats Pickett and J
Louisiana. The greater part of the 24th Massachusetts, with \
its splendid band, (Gilmore's.) was ordered to Newbern the day |
Battery G arrived, and the Marine Artillery went away July ist. |

The defenses of Washington were as yet in embryo ; but a
force of 300 contrabands were stoutly at work upon them. The
points 'chiefly to be guarded were the roads, of which there
were three, viz : the Greenville road, running out of the town,
along the river, westward \ the Jamestown road, running out to
the north-west j the Plymouth road, striking off to the north-
east Between the first two there was being built a square,
bastioned field fort, called Fort Washington, the profiles for
which were given by Sidney W. Palmer, and on each road a
block-house of logs and a redoubt. A fourth block-house and a
redoubt were on the bank of the river below the town. Our
engineers designed that these works should be joined by a line
of good breastworks, or rifle trenches, clear around the place,
except on the east. That side was protected by a marsh, grown
over with woods, an arm of the great Alligator Swamp, which
occupies the whole peninsula between the Pamlico and Albe-
marle rivers, and here comes to almost the very edge of the
town. These works were well under way when Battery G
arrived.

Early in July the Battery received orders to move out of
town, which it did. A detachment with a section, two guns, was
posted on each road, the men camping near by in pleasant
fields.

Things went on very quietly in July and August The time

PREVALENCE OF MALARIA, !29

'was improved in finishing Fort Washington and the block houses
and in drilling. A foray of some of Battery G's boys on a
farmer's honey, one night, is remembered as making a ripple of
excitement. Such an uproar of dogs and men arose therefrom,
that the drums of the post beat to arms under the idea that
there was an attack.

During August sickness prevailed to an alarming extent.
Miasma from the swamps entailed fevers. At one time, in Bat-
tery G, sixty-two men were in hospital, leaving only thirty-two
fit for duty. There were several deaths. The faithful attention
of the Surgeon of the gun boat Louisiana to the sick men is re-
membered with gratitude. Battery G was so weakened by sick-
ness that two sections (four guns) were sent into the town, Sept.
ist, and the guns parked in the hospital yard. There were not
men enough to work them. The hospital was a large academy
building, near the heart of the town, on a corner where two
streets crossed. A smaller building, on a corner diagonally op-
posite from the academy, was also used as a hospital, and was
full of sick men at the time of the occurrence about to be
described.

Gov. Clark, of North Carolina, wanted to signalize the close
of his administration by some brilliant passage of arms. The
fruit of his anxiety was brought forth about September ist, in
an attack by 1,400 rebels at Plymouth, about thirty-five miles
north of Washington, which, however, was beaten off easilv.
The prevalence of sickness in Washington, having been reported
to the rebel forces, presented to them their opportunity, and next
tempted an attack on that post.

Gen. Foster at this tinie had planned a cavalry expedition to
Rainbow Bluff, on the Roanoke river, to look after some threat-
ening rebel preparations said to be going on there, and on the
night of September 5th, four companies of the 3d New York
Cavalry, under command of Lieut.-Col. Mix, and Battery H. 3d
New York Artillery, four guns, under Capt. Wm. J. Rig.^s,
landed in Washington from transports from Newbern, and bi-
vouacked on the dock. At 4 a. m. of the 6th of September, the
detachment formed in column on the street, marched through
the place, and moved rapidly out on the Plymouth road north-
eastward. A dense fog hung over the river and town and com-
pletely veiled the movement

At precisely the same hour, a rebel raiding party of 500 in-
fantry, with two companies of cavalry, was stealing up towards
the town, on the opposite side, under cover of the same fog.
It came up on the Greenville road and entered the town be-
I

130 3^ NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLEKT.

tween the road and river, through the corn field and private
grounds of James Christ, a wealthy i-ebel, who is supposed to
have led the party in in person. The cavalry came in on a
gallop, capturing our videttes, and awakening the town and gar-
rison by their yells and firing. The 24th Massachusetts and
1st North Carolina Volunteers, in their barracks, down by the
river, promptly sprang to arms. At the academy, the firing
was simultaneously heard, and the men on guard ran in shouting
to the convalescents, "Turn out, boys, the rebs are here !" All
who were able turned out pell mell and ran down into the yard
and street, and stood for a moment in the gray mist listening to
the din that came from the west and the river.'

It was plain that serious business was afoot. On the impulse
of the moment, Quick, Agnew, Graham, Foster and other con-
valescents hurriedly dragged one of the guns out of the academy
yard into the street. A charge of cannister was rammed home,
and the gun pointed up the street, running westwards to the
Greenville road. Suddenly a piratical looking crew of rebel
cavalry came galloping through the fog up from the river straight
for the academy. One of the men cried, " Those are rebels.""
The old brass gun was swung rapidly around, and Quick thrust
the friction fuse into the vent and was trying to hook on to it
the lanyard, by which it was to be discharged, when, with terrific
yells, the rebels charged right over him and slashing and firing
at his comrades who were running in every direction for cover.
Some managed to escape. But Agnew was shot dead, others
were wounded and the rest were driven into the hospital. The
rebel infantry came up a moment after and placed a guard over
the academy and hospital. That the attacking party was well
informed of the position of things in Washington is clear, from
the directness with which their cavalry charged for the academy,
and from their bringing spare horses to draw off the captured
guns.

Meanwhile, the sounds of battle had assailed the ears of
Lieut.-Col. Mix and Capt. Riggs, en rente for the north. " Left
about " was the word, and the expedition came thundering into
town on a full run. Riggs's pieces were planted at the corners
of two streets, pointing westward, under Lieuts. Mercer, Field
and O'Neill ; one piece being sent down to the docks to help
out the infantry which was making a stand there. Lieut.
O'NeilPs gun was placed in position to sweep the street that ran
by the academy, and loaded with cannister. Through the fog a
company of infantry could be seen drawn up across the street.
Lieut. Gourand, of the 3d Cavalry, went forward to reconnoiter

LIEUT, field's answer. I3I

and got back with word that they were rebels, just in time for
O'Neill to open fire before the enemy's charge had reached him.
Before the terrible blast of iron hail that he sent tearing through
it, the gray line advancing on him broke and retreated in con-
fusion behind the corner. It formed and charged again, and
again was driven back with cannister. The vain attempt was
repeated a third time with a like result. But now the rebel
sharp-shooters got behind trees and concentrated upon the de-
voted band serving the gun such a withering fire, that every
man upon it was either killed or wounded. Among the latter
was Arthur Millard, of Battery G, who served as a volunteer on
this gun and with the utmost' intrepidity ; Corp'l Smith loaded
and fired this piece twice alone. O'Neill now brought off his
piece and took it down to the river where it afterwards did fur-
ther good service.

The sudden onslaught of Lieut. -Col. Mix's party considera-
bly astonished the butternuts, who were utterly unaware of their
presence in the vicinity till that moment. When Riggs opened
fire the rebels were staggered decidedly, but they recovered
and renewed the fight with Battery G's captured pieces, which
they brought to bear on the new assailants. Lieut Field en-
gaged two of them hotly for two hours. During the fight, a
party of Confederates rode up to this officer and called out to
know whether he was a " Yank " or " Johnny," the fog and
smoke rendering it almost impossible to tell friend from foe.
Field replied with a fire of cannister which mowed a lane of
death through their ranks, and they fled precipitately.

The gun boats Pickett and Louisiana^ lying in the river,
cleared the decks for action, early in the fight. The Pickdt
went out of the fight at the first discharge. Her magazine ex-
ploded, killing Capt. Nichols, her commander, and nineteen
men. The cause has ever remained a mystery, but it is thought
that some sailor went into the magazine with a candle and°let
it fall. This sad affair was the principal loss of the day. The
Louisiana^ however, did splendid execution-. Her big guns
raked the street in front of the academy, where the rebels made
their principal stand and were trying to work the captured bat-
tery, with huge shells, and the tremendous concussion of the
guns, and the strange hum of the great shells as they flew by
and burst, carried panic among the rebels- at every discharge.
The locality of the academy was now a pandemonium, such as
5fw men live to hear. The air was filled with the yells of the
enemy, the shrieks and curses of the wounded who strewed the
ground, the sharp whang of round shot^ the crash of shells and

13.2 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

whirr of falling fragments, the sighing and rushing of canister,
while artillery vollied on all sides, and a constant rattling of
musketry and whistling of bullets combined to make up a chorus
of horror. The rebels fought with desperate and admirable
courage, and when the roar of the Louisiana's guns broke out
they charged down several times to take them, thinking them to
be a new field battery brought into action. But human nature
could not endure the trial of fire to which they were subjected,
and they always came back in confusion, scattering into the
door yards.

The academy was terribly shattered by the iron storm that
whirled around it, being completely riddled by the shells. The
rebels got behind it for shelter, and Battery G's men saw two of
them stricken down by the fall of a chimney, toppled over by a
shell.

Capt Wall was in the fight and did good service. His quar-
ters were on the east side of the town. He repaired at once
to the docks and fought with a company of North Carolina vol-
unteers. During the day, he was separated from his command
and was collared by a rebel Captain, but he took the rebel a
prisoner and brought him in to the lines.

Lieut. Robinson, with twenty-eight men, was at his fort at one
of the block houses.

At last, after four hours of hard and bloody battle, the Con-
federates gave up the town in disgust and fled hastily off by the
Greenville road, pursued by our cavalry. They left their guard
over the academy standing, and the Battery G's convalescents,
jumping out of bed, seized their muskets 'and took the guard
prisoners.

The total Union loss in this affair was nine killed, forty-one
wounded, and about twenty prisoners. The loss of the 3d Ar-
tillery was four killed, eight wounded and nine prisoners, besides
the four guns, viz :

BATTERY G.

.^/7/^^— Samuel S. Andrews, Frank Agnew, Artemus A.
Dresser.

Wounded— hx\hxix D. Millard, hip.

BATTERY H.

Killed — Anthony Legger. • •

Wounded— Q,ox^^. Wilson Smith, knee, seriously ; C. Mer-
chant, shoulder; Albert Mott, leg; Geo. Olcott, back; J.
McCrane, hand ; John Malone, hip ; Frank Rase, hip.

The missing were of Battery G, viz : Wm. W. Bush, Augustus

COMPLIMENTING BATTERY H. . I33

R. Leonard, James B. Benson, Irwin Castleton, Milan Burns,
James W. Chapman, Wm. Emerson, Alvius Jockquett, Abijah
H. Loveland. They were carried off under guard and were in
captivity several months, but were all ultimately exchanged.

The rebels suffered severely. The streets around the academy
were strewn with their gory bodies, and in the roads everywhere
and in the fields were scores of others. Their loss was over
no in killed and wounded and forty prisoners. The canteens
of some of the dead were found to contain mixed whiskey and
gunpowder. Both infantry and cavalry were dressed in butter-
nut colored clothes with slouched hats.

September 8th, Gen. Foster and Col. Ledlie arrived from
Newbern to view the ground of the action. The brave conduct
of Battery G's men was highly complimented by both officers.
For Battery H was reserved the honor of a General Order in
testimony of its gallantry. This compliment was as follows :

" Headquarters Department of North Carolina. )
Newbern, N. C, September 20th, 1862. |

General Order, No. 37 : — The General commanding this de-
partment desires to express his approbation of the conduct of
Capt. Riggs's Battery of light artillery of the 3d New York Vol-
unteers, in the attack on Washington, N. C. ; and particularly
commends the conduct of Corporal Wilson Smith and the gun-
ners manning the gun, stationed at the intersection of First and
Bridge streets, who stood to their guns until every man was shot
down. The General accepts this as an augury of what may be
expected of the battery on future occasions.

By command of Maj.-Gen. J. G. Foster.

Jas. H. Strong, Lieut, and Act. Asst.-Adj.-Gen."

Battery G and Battery H both inscribed " Washington, N. C,
Sept. 6, 1862," on their guidons.

As soon as possible after the fight, the infantry garrison of
Washington was strengthened by three companies of the 7th
Massachusetts. The sick men of Battery G were sent to New-
bern, and a large number of new recruits were assigned to Capt.
Wall to replenish his ranks. The defenses of the town were
rapidly perfected. Battery G was ordered into Fort Washing-
ton as its garrison. It remained in the fort some time, acting
both as heavy and light artillery, sometimes guarding the fort,
sometimes the block houses, where 6-lb. guns were posted, and
doing picket duty on the roads leading out of the town. During
November and December, and through the winter, rebels lurked
in the vicinity constantly, and at times skirmished with our pick-

134 3^ NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

ets. In February, '63, they ventured so near that some shells
were thrown at them from the fort.

When Burnside left North Carolina to go to the relief of
McClellan, he placed the Department under the command of
Brig.-Gen. J. G. Foster.

Gen, Foster came of good old Revolutionary stock and was a
bold and enterprising commander. He graduated at West Point
in 1842 in the Engineers. He fought in Mexico under Scott,
taking part in every battle from Vera Cruz to Molino del Rey.
At the latter he received a wound in the knee while leading a
division of the storming party on Casa Mata. The severity of
the wound nearly cost him his leg ; but he stoutly refused ampu-
tation. The wound, however, never fully healed and gave him
much trouble in after years. It was still a distress to him dur-
ing the Rebellion. He received three brevets during the Mexican
War, In 1859 he.was made Engineer in charge of the forts at
Charleston, and was one of the garrison of Sumter at its capture
in April, 186 1.

Foster was a bold and enterprising commander. The small-
ness of the force left to him by Burnside compelled caution, yet,
during the summer and fall of 1862 he constantly harassed the
enemy by expeditions in small force and kept them ever in such
apprehension of attack that he made North Carolina a perpetual
worry to the Confederate Government. The rebel element in
the whole eastern and central part of the State was so paralyzed
that Jeff. Davis sneeringly remarked to Gov. Vance, that " North
Carolina was a dead weight on the Confederacy." Gen. Foster's
operations brought on the fights of Bachelor's Creek, near
Newbern ; Trater's Creek, between Washington and Plvmouth ;
Rainbow Bluff, Plymouth and Washington, — the latter being the
one which we have just recorded at length.

Several regiments, mostly from Massachusetts, being sent to
Foster in the course of the summer and autumn, the General
determined on a bold enterprise. The Army of the Potomac
was about to advance on Fredericksburg. To create a diver-
sion, an expedition v/as organized to cut the Weldon railroad,
and also to destroy two rebel gun boats reported to be in pro-
cess of construction in the Roanoke at Williamston.

Newbern was left under command of Col. John Kurtz, of the
23d Massachusetts. Foster said to him in writing, '* Your in-
structions are simply to act in all things on your best judgment.
If attacked, defend to the last practicable moment." Lieut.-Col.

THE TARBORO EXPEDITION, • I35

Stewart, who, by Col. Ledlie's order of October 4th, had been
left in command of the 3d Artillery, was to remain as Engineer
and Chief ot Artillery of the post.

The troops for the expedition were gathered together at
Washington on the Tar. Two brigades went thither by water
from Nevvbern. The cavalry (3d New York,) and artillery, with
Col. T. J. C. Amory's brigade, came up overland, arriving Sat-
urday evening, November 2d, 1862. The artillery force was
commanded by Major Kennedy and comprised Battery B, 3d
New York Artillery, six guns ; Battery F, six guns ; Battery H,
four guns ; Battery K, four guns ; Belger's Rhode Island Bat-
tery, six guns ; and some marine artillery. Among the regi-
ments of Amory's brigade was the 9th New Jersey, one of the
most daring lot of warriors in the service, between whom and
the 3d Artillery there ever existed a singularly warm and fra-
ternal attachment.

On Sunday morning, November 3d, Foster put his long train
of artillery in the middle of his column of 10,000 men, placed
Stevenson's brigade in the advance and made a rapid march
northwards in the direction of Williamston. The country was
level and sandy. But the road ran through dense forests and
the soil was at times swampy. The day was hot and progress
slow. Passing a deserted rebel cavalry camp, lying in ashes,
about 4 P. M., the occasional rifle crack of the advance guard
changed to a sustained fire that indicated business on hand.
At Old Ford, 700 rebels with two cannon disputed the way,
Belger's Battery opened fire and Stevenson's infantry advanced,
when the rebels fell back from rifle pits they had made a mile or
more to the crossing of a stream, at a place called Rawles
Mills. The creek ran through a guUey. On the other side
were woods and in the road a newly made earthwork. Here tlie
rebels made a second stand. Batteries B and K, 3d Artillery,
came quickly up, and while the infantry was trying to put out
the fire the rebels had set on the bridge, they discharged shell
for an hour at the rebel redoubt and the woods where their in-
fantry lay concealed. Tvvili!2;ht came on and the flash of our
bursting shells became visible in the gloom. Our infantry now
began to cross the stream, and late at night the rebels suddenly
ceased firing and ran.

The troops bivouacked while pioneers rebuilt the bridge. In
the morning the advance was resumed — Battery K with the
advance. As our men crossed the stream, the effect of their
'shells excited comment. The redoubt and the trees around it
Were badly gashed, and here and there a dead rebel or an artil-

136 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTPELERT.

lery' horse lay, showing the enemy had met with loss. Our ad-
vance was evidently a source of disquietude to the rebels
7h.V^v""ff heavily in the front all day, making a pause on
the banks of streams and opening fire with cannon to retard us
f^l f"; fi "^^ ""^"^^ "P' ''"^bering up and scuttling awav again

InH ^ i "u'^P'^^i""' ^"''^"^ ""• Williamston was entered

and passed about midnight. The army bivouacked near it

• navy co-operated in this movement up to this point, mov-

i"i/L//^ r^^ n ^^'^^'' °^ '^^ ^'"^y- The gunboats Bunc^-
back, ValUy Oty, Perry and Hetzel were among the number

Finding no iron-clads at Williamston, Foster turned off west-
ward and struck straight for Tarboro, with the hope of cutting
fhVwM "i^M^'^^f '^§^""^"^' ^h^'"^ 3"^ eventually reaching

v/n.^H r 5"^''?'^ ^ ^'^ "^'^^^ ^^>'°"^- ^'^ ^he 4th he adt
vanced to Hamilton, encamping two miles beyond the town,

S nn^.r'^- ^'^ ^"/^"f^'.r"^^ ^ebel fortifications at Rainbo;
Bluff, on the river, three miles below the town. Our cavalry on
entering Hamilton found the roads ahve with wagons of people
On'rh! r^h ^T^^^^ '" the greatest terror of the terrible Yankees.
On the 5th, Foster pushed on to within six miles of Tarboro
his scouts going to within a mile of it

romrl^n? '" f ""^ ^^^ "'-^^^ '^^ whistling of locomotives and
commotion of railroad trains, conveyed to the ear of Foster in-

W fronf vll "^' '°''' °^^^ ^"^'">' ^-^^ ^-""S collected irx
fact Fo,^.^' n /'""" '""T^ i^fo^ation that^that was the

Sked th; T^^^'^"^::^V"^^.='^" ^"^^ b^^°^^ ^he council, and
asked the opinions of the officers as to attacking or retiring
Their names were called. Some were for fightmg, some fo";
fhTLh''r ^^""^^y voted to fight. So didShe^Colonel of
the loth Connecticut, a regiment of only 350 men. Foster

ir n1 t'k'"^ ^''' ^""^ ^^'"^ "^^^^- The mi^rity favored re-

liw ''°"''^' r" consideration, the General resolved to

w! ^'■^"'^/"ot'ves of prudence. A day was spent before Tar-

awa,; \n^7 A '™^ "'"'''^^"^ ^^"'^ ^° Hamilton, fifteea miles
away, in mud and rain.

Next day, the 8th, amid snow and sleet, the army pushed to
Wilhamston, where it remained two nights. The^ exhausted
troops were quartered in the houses. A sight met the eves of
our patnot soldiers here which filled' them u^ith anger t was
the whipping post of the slaves. The post was cut down, with
great excitement, and the town jail, where slaves had been ha
bitually confined, was burnt to the ground, neither ever again to '
be the instruments of wrong and oppression. By the tiotoas

PICTURESQUE CAMP. 137

conduct of drunken marines, Williamston was set on fire before

the army left it. Gen. Foster severely reprimanded the act. I

Plymouth was reached on the loth. The army encamped |
within a few miles of the place on the farm of a rich old rebel j
planter. After the privations of the raid, the bivouac on this !
plantation, swarming as it was with poultry and stocked with ;
vegetables, v/as something pleasant. Our lads subsisted on the |
enemy on this occasion, much to the wrath of the ardent old j
fire eater's family. The camp here was a most picturesque one, * |
and the scene at night will never fade from the memory of those j
who saw it. The thousand flickering camp fires, whose beams j
glinted from cannon and wagons and stacks of burnished arms, j
and lighted up flags and white tents and rows of picketed j
horses, were surrounded by merry groups of volunteers, laugh-
ing, playing cards, and watching darkies dance, or gravely dis- j
cussing the prospects of the war. From time to time, silvery j
bugle notes floated over the camps from far and near, and drums j
beat signals for the various rounds of duties of camp service. j

On the nth, a portion of the army embarked at Plymouth j

and went to Newbem, ending the Tarboro expedition. The re- j

suits of this expedition were the giving the rebels a grand scare J

and the release of several hundred slaves from bondage. !

The Batteries of the 3d Artillery, with an infantry force under 1

Col. Bartholomew of the 27th Massachusetts, remained at Ply- \

mouth till the latter part of the month. To protect the town |

against an attack the rebels were supposed to intend, the Bat- I

teries were disposed on the various roads converging at the j

town to guard them. On the 2 2d, Sergt. Loren S. Bradley, \

Corp. Edward Richardson, and three privates of Battery B j
were captured while out foraging. They were afterwards ex-
changed at Camp Parole, Annapolis.

Foster was now gathering his forces at Newbem for a raid of
more business-like proportions, and the Batteries at Plymouth
were brought down on transports to that post»

138 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

VIII

FOSTER'S EXPEDITION TO GOLDSBORO.

Fostei'i Orders— OrganizatJoa of the Columa — The Advance — Obstructioni at
Deep Gully — Capture of Redoubt at South-we»t Creek — Lieut -Col. Stewart
ill a Hot Place— rBattle of Kinatoa-~-Saving the Bridge — Morrison's Prisoners
— Shelling the Town — Advance into Kinston — Da»b at the Blockade— The
Spoils — Advance to Whitehall — The Battle — Hackett's and Ryan's Death —
Mercereau'a Shot— On to Goldiboro — Burning the Bridge — Army Commences
to Return — Attack on the Rear Guard — Morrison's Achievement — Sundry
Cavalry Dashes— Wading a Mill Stream — Through Burning Woods — Return
to Mewbera-^Foster's Thanks.

The month of December, 1862^ is memorable in the annals
of the War for the Union, for the grand assault upon the stub-
bom heights of Fredericksburg, Va., by the Army of the Poto-
mac under Burnside, and the co-operative expedition into the in-
terior of North Carolina by the troops of Gen. Foster, com-
manding the latter department When the assault on Freder-
icksburg was planned, Gen. Halleck, Commander-in-Chiet
under the President, issued orders that, simultaneously with
Burnside's crossing the Rapahannock, all the available forces at
Newbern should advance to Goldsboro, N. C, break the rail-
road, burn the bridges and smash things generally, so as to
create a diversion in favor of Burnside.

Burnside had nearly stripped the department of troops in
July. But in November, Massachusetts regiments began to
arrive, when the work of brigading and fitting them for the field

ORGANIZATION OF THE COLUMN. I39

began with energy. On the 9th of December, the veteran
brigade of Gen, Wessels, loaned from Dix's corps at Fortress i

Monroe, reached Newbern. Having then called in from 1

Fort Macon, Washington and Roanoke all his surplus troops, I

Foster issued orders for the expedition. They were read that I

same evening to all the regiments on dress parade. The des- 1

tination was not stated, but all were ordered to be in readiness |

to march in thirty-sLx hours, in light marching order, that is |

without knapsacks or tents, carrying only blankets, overcoats
and shelter-tents, with three days' rations in haversacks, seven
in wagons.

As organized for the expedition, Foster's army in the field
consisted of four large brigades of infantry and one magnificent
brigade of artillery, viz :

Wessel's Brigade : 85th, loist and 103d Peiinsylvania Vol-
unteers ; 88th, 92d and 96th New York Volunteers.

Stevenson's Brigade : 9th New Jersey, loth Connecticut, 24th
Massachusetts, 44th Massachusetts.

Lee's Brigade : 3d^ 5th, 25th, 27th, 28th, and 46th Massa-
chusetts.

Amory's Brigade : lyth, 23d, 43d, 45th and 51st Massachu-
setts.

Artillery Brigade : This was in two battalions commanded
by that dashing officer. Major Kennedy, and Major Stone, re-
spectively, comprising the following : Battery B, 3d New York,
Capt. Morrison, armament six twelve pound brass Napoleons ;
Battery E, 3d New York, Lieut Geo. E. Ashby, two twenty
pound Parrots, two thirty-two pound brass howitzers ; Battery
F, 3d New York, Capt. Jenny, six twelve pound Wiards, rifles ;
Battery H, 3d New York, Capt. Riggs, six twelve pound Napo-
leons ; Battery K, 3d New York, Capt. Angel, six three inch
Rodmans, iron ;. Battery I, 3d New York, Lieut. Geo. W.
Thomas, four twenty pound Parrots, ist Rhode Island Battery,
Capt. Belger. One section of 23d New York Independent Bat-
tery, Capt. Jay K Lee. One section of 24th New York Inde-
pendent Battery, Capt. Alfred Ransom. Battery C, ist United
States. In all forty guns, manned by a thousand men. This
brigade, Gen. Foster placed under command of Col. Ledlie, act-
ing Brigadier, by General Orders, No. 63, December 3d, which
organized all the artillery of the department into one command
under Col. Ledlie.

Also in the column were the 3d New York Cavalry, a brave
and gallant corps, which, with the 9th New Jersey, Col. Hick-
man, acted as advance guard all the way to Goldsboro.

140 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

The column was 12,000 strong, brave, well disciplined, finely
appointed, and spoiling for a fight.

Capt. James C. Slaght was Chief Quartermaster of the expe-
dition, and Lieut. Fred, W. Prince was his able and untiring as-
sistant.

By order of Gen. Foster, Lieut.-Col. Stewart accompanied the
expedition as Chief Engineer, to build bridges and clear the
roads, taking with him 300 stout contrabands from the black
camps at Newbem, under the immediate superintendency of
Henry W. Wilson, master carpenter, with wagons, axes and tools.
The blacks constituted the pioneer brigade and were of incalcu-
lable service.

The advance began at 6 o'clock, on the dark, cool morning of
Thursday, December nth. A vail of mist at sunrise hid the
face of the country, concealing the movement from rebel scouts
for some hours. Gen. Foster was a stout fighter, but also knew
the value of strategy ; and so, believing that there must be heavy
intrenchments to oppose and delay him on the straight road to
Kinston, the first principal town on the way to Goldsboro, he
marched out on a different road, taking the one along the river
Trent, expecting thereby, by a rapid movement, to flank and get
easily past all obstructions. Once under way, the troops were
put upon their mettle and moved as fast as they could along the
sandy and swampy path. The men were in splendid spirits,
having perfect confidence in Gen. Foster, whom they all loved
and respected ; and the spectacle they made was magnificent as
the long columns marched rapidly by with springing step and
sparkling eyes, while their merry jokes and laughter and patriotic
songs mingled on the air with the rustling of feet, the rattle of
muskets and sabres, and the rumbling of teams of artiller)' and
wagons. The artillery, the gem and idol of the army, occupied
the center of the army, and alone made a column nearly a mile
in length.

After a march of fourteen miles, the advance guard, the g\h
New Jersey, met a picket post of the rebels at Deep Gully,
where a tributary to the Trent crosses the road. The picket
was routed unceremoniously. Finding that the road beyond the
Gully had been obstructed for nearly a mile, by felling heavy
forest trees across it, Foster halted there for the night, bivou-
acking his army on a large and good looking plantation. As
the regiments stacked arms, there was an eager rush for the
fences and the spare poultry and cattle of the plantation. Both
disappeared as if by magic. After night fall, the spacious field
was covered with countless camp fires, lighting up rows of shin-

'f: .; .i-f.'>

ADVANCING TO SOUTH WEST CREEK. I4I

ing stacks of muskets, ranks of picketed horses, with bivouacked
artillery and the crowds of volunteers who came around them to
gossip and smoke their evening pipes. The sights and sounds
of that memorable bivouac are not forgotten.

Meanwhile, Lieut. -Col. Stewart had brought up his black
pioneers to attack the prostrate timber. Lustily were they ply-
ing their axes upon it, and separating and rolling out of the road
the heavy pine trunks. By 3 1-2 a. m. report was made to Gen,
Foster that the way was clear.

The march was resumed at 5 a. m. of the 12th. Opposite
Trenton, a rebel skirmish party of cavalry and infantry attacked
our advance, but had their fingers severely burnt in the attempt
to handle it, and ran oft' in a hurr}' after a short fight. At the
upper end of the great Dover swamp, along whose southern
border the army had been moving, a direct road to Kinston
forks off to the right. Foster sent a strong cavalry force down
this road several miles to make a show of advancing straight
upon Kinston. The battalion encountered the main picket
guard of the enemy, and superintended its pell-mell re-
treat to some powerful earthworks thrown up across the road.
Beaver creek bridge having been rebuilt. Gen. Foster then
moved rapidly forward by the left, or Vine Swamp, road, under
cover of the feint, thus avoiding the obstructions and enemy on
the main road. He had in view the object of reaching the stream
known as South West creek, at a point nine miles from Kin-
ston, where stands the most westerly of the four bridges that
cross it. The 23d Battery and 51st Massachusetts were left to
guard the road junction and Beaver creek bridge. The army
bivouacked at dusk four miles beyond Beaver creek.

Again there was a lively raid on the fences, for it was cool,
and soon thousands of fence rails were smoking in the camps of
the volunteers. Before leaving Newbern, Gen. Foster had is-
sued an imperative order that soldiers must not stray from camp
nor pillage from the farmers. But the three days' rations in
haversacks were nearly eaten by the close of this day, and all,
infantry and artillery alike, sent out foraging parties to get them
provisions. They went out at night fall and an hour afterwards
they returned to testify to the thoroughness with which they had
done their work by showing the loads of poultry, honey, sweet
potatoes and fat pigs they had relieved the rebel farmers of.
Here, too, they made the acquaintance of apple jack, that bever-
age of cheering qualities and promotive of socialty.

Our advance reached South West creek at 9 1-2 a. m. of the
X3th, having had a sharp skirmish by the way. It found it to be

142 3° NEW-VORK VOLUNtEER ARTILLERY.

a swift, unfordable stream, coursing through a deep and woody
ravine, a bad place for us to cross should the enemy defend it
in force. As anticipated, however, the crossing was weakly
guarded, the rebels having been so confused as to Gen. Foster's
intentions as to be able to concentrate only 400 men, with two
cannon, to resist us there. When our skirmishers began firing
from the top of the bank at a redoubt thrown up in the road
across the creek, Lieut.-Col. Stewart rode forward with his or-
derly to reconnoiter and obtain any scraps of useful informa-
tion, at the request of Gen. Wessels. The road descended
sinuously into the ravine, winding around on the left-hand side
of a high bluff. The two horsemen went cautiously down the
road, scanning the wooded banks opposite with a searching
gaze, but without discovering the enemy until, on coming out
from behind the interposing buttress of the bluff, they suddenly
confronted the two rebel guns, glaring savagely at them from
the redoubt across the stream, not fifty yards away. The rebel
gunners evidently failed to recognize in the two " solitary horse-
men descending the hill," the heroes of James's novels. They
evidently thought that a whole column of the dreaded Yankees
was charging on them. Bang ! and a load of cannister was fired
point blank at our brave Chief Engineer. The iron hail flew
whistling around in a perfect storm, tearing up the ground and
slashing the bush in all directions. But not a hair of the riders
was touched. Being exactly in the line of fire, the missiles had,
through that peculiar whirl given them by rifled ordnance,
scattered so widely that they received no harm. Had it been a
smooth bore that emptied its contents on this occasion, they
would have been blown to atoms. Stewart beat a masterly re-
treat, and at once directed the placing of our artillery.

Lieut. Day's section of Battery B was with the advance. It
was planted immediately on the bluff overlooking the redoubt.
Depressing the muzzles of its pieces it began to send in burst-
ing shells to the rebel work. The second shot disabled a rebel
gun and the other was silenced soon after. The rest of Battery
B took position further to the right in line of battle with Am-
ory's and Wessel's brigades, and opened fire on the woods.
The 9th New Jersey and 23d Massachusetts now crossed on a
mill-dam above the bridge ; the 85th Pennsylvania on trees be-
low. Thus flanked the rebels ran and the Stars and Stripes
were planted on the redoubt amid great cheering. We captured
one 6-pound gun, some munitions of war and prisoners, besides
killing and wounding several of the enemy.

The pioneers now came up and repaired the bridge, when a

AUVANCmG ON KINSTON, I43

portion of the army marched on, going into bivouac four miles
from Kinston — the rest remaining near the creek. i

This was the first taste of war for many of our artiller}'men. I

The first bloody tokens were regarded with curiosity. First j

the rebels wounded in the first skirmish of the day were \

passed. Then a man dying on the stoop of a house with his '

face shot away. Rebel prisoners bleeding and limping went to |

the rear in charge of guards. A mere boy in rebel uniform lay \

by the road side dead, with a fearful saber cut in his head. The ]

terrible destructive power of our cannon shot, as shown by the
trees in line of our fire, was also noted. These horrors and
scenes were all to be repeated on a vastly larger scale next day.

On reaching camp that night, our men were so tired with
marching that they fell to the ground under their guns, wrapped
in their shaggy but warm blankets, without stopping even for
the usual luxury of hard-tack and coffee.

Next morning a hasty ration was snatched at 5 o'clock, and
the brigades fell into line for the march. The 9th New Jersey,
3d Cavalry and Day's section of Battery B, 3d New York, felt
the way cautiously in advance. The road the army now trod
led straight to Kinston, running in a direction at right angles
to the general direction of the Neuse River.

Two miles from Kinston bridge our troops suddenly came
into the presence of a formidable enemy, 6,000 strong, under 1

Gen. Evans, of Ball's Bluff notoriety, drawn up in line of battle j

on a hill crossing the road. They were protected on the west |

by woods, while in their foreground, at the base of the hill, was j

a great swamp overgrown with thickets and groves' of pines. j

The road to Kinston ran through the heart of the rebel position. I

Wessels's regiments, on coming up, deployed into the fields on |

both sides of the road and a sharp fight commenced. Amory's j

brigade deployed in the rear as a line of support. The rest of |

the infantry halted, and opened to the right and left while seve- j

ral batteries went through on a run to the front. Under Gen. |

Foster's own direction. Batteries B, F and I of the 3d New York, |

were placed on different sides of the road, supported by Amory, ]

about half a mile in rear of the line of attack. As they came 1

into position, one after the other, and opened with shell on the I

woods and hill, the action became more earnest, the musketn,-
firing doubled in intensity and the ground trembled with the
concussion of the guns.

Under a horrible fire, Wessel's brigade advanced steadily into
the swamp at the foot of the hill and pushed through to the open
ground beyond after hard fighting. Here the 9th New Jersey

144 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

and other regiments emptied their cartridge boxes in kn engage*
ment with a heavy line of men in gray on the hill. The loth
Connecticut and 96th New York then replaced them on the ad-
vance. The rebels turning the fire of their batteries on the
woods, right and left, sought to make them untenable for us, but
in vain. One of their shots struck within ten feet of Gen. Foster
and his staiT.

During the fight, Gen. Foster sent Lieut.-Col. Stewart to the
extreme right of our line of battle, just beyond the swamp and
woods, as a precautionary measure, to guard against the surprise
of our flank. Stewart hied to the end of the woods and kept a
vigilant watch. His eye at length caught the flash of musket
barrels down on the river road and a moment later he discovered
one of the most glorious chances of the day to capture a rich
prize. A rebel force that had been guarding the river road,
some miles out, was now retreating to the bridge, lest we should
get in its rear. Well handled, a couple of regiments and a bat-
tery could cut that body all to pieces. Stewart sent an orderly
in haste to Gen. Foster. Half an hour later, gettino- no re-
sponse,, he went himself. Foster directed Gen. Amory to take a
portion of his brigade with Battery F, 3d New York, and perform
this service. But Amory moved slow and the prize slipped
through his fingers without a fight

The rebels gave way gradually to the top of the hill, occupy-
ing in the retreat a church and holding it till it had been riddled
like a seive with bullets and cannon balls. A persistent attack
of two hours' duration failed to dislodge the enemy from the
heights.' Then, the loth Connecticut and 96th New York were
ordered to pierce his center at the point of the bayonet. Well
they did their work. They went right through the enemy's line
with a rush, wheiv Evans' whole army lost its coherence, and, as
our victorious columns swept forward with ringing cheers to the
summit of the hill, a panic seized his entire center and it fled in
confusion. The right wing maintained a semblance of order
and made a hard run of it to get to the bridge. But the loth
Connecticut and 96th New York, with other regiments close at
their heels, continued their charge and cut ofl" the rio-ht win"-
from that avenue of escape, upon which it turned westward and
fled into the woods and retreated up the south bank of the
Neuse unmolested. The enemy, nearest the bridge, retreated
across it under cover of the fire of a five gun battery, ensconced
in a strong redoubt on the north side, and also under the pro-
tection afforded by a regiment drawn up in line of battle near
the river to temporarily stay our advance. Amory's men at this

-1 ' ' ' -

BATTLE 'of KINSTON, 1^5

juncture got down near the river and Battery F raked it with
shell and cannister. The scream of the first Wiard shell
made the regiment sway to and fro like a mob and in a moment
it broke, threw away muskets and knapsacks and rushed across
the bridge in a frightened herd.

Gen. Evans, who, by this time, was beating a rapid retreat to
Kinston with his main body, left orders to fire the bridge after
the crossing of the last detachment This was done by Capr.
McRae, brother of Duncan McRae, a prominent North Carolina
politician. He had a bucket of turpentine, which he spilled in
three or four places, and applying a match, in spite of the
piteous entreaties of a number of comrades who had fallen on
the bridge, he left the structure a sheet of flame. As he
turned away from his atrocious work, a Union skirmisher
brought his rifle to his shoulder and Capt. McRae tumbled down
the bank, pierced through the brain. Burning turpentine drip-
ped down upon him from the bridge and charred his corpse to a
cinder.

To save the bridge, Lieut. Dennis's section of Battery F ad-
vanced, by order of Gen. Amory, to an advanced position near
it and swept the northern bank with heavy blasts of cannister
in order to clear it of those who might interfere with our efforts
to extinguish the flames. The section worked away with great
steadiness and efficacy under a horrible rain of Minie bails
from rebel sharp-shooters, losing several wounded, until ordered
to cease firing. Meanwhile, Batteries B and K, which had crawl-
ed along in rear of th^ infantry to the top of the hill, had
dashed down to near the river and unlimbered their guns on the
left of the road, engaging, at point blank range, without in-
trenchments, the rebel five gun battery, and throwing shot and
shell into lingering rebel battalions on the opposite bank. The
crashing of our guns increased the consternation of the enemy
and they were soon completely silenced.

The men of our Batteries, seconded by the 9th New Jersey
and loth Connecticut lads, then brought water in artillery
buckets from the river, and put out the fires on the bridge and
saved it. Several rebels, burnt to a crisp, were tumbled over
inio^ the water, and Lieut.-Col. Stewart, coming up with his en-
gineers, tore down a house near the bridge, and with the beams
and boards thus supplied, repaired the damage that had been
done to it.

Batteries B and K captured 44 prisoners in this affair. Un-
Able to reach the bridge, the rebels hid frona the fire of our
terrible guns by crawling down the river bank, and then raised
J

■--.'f

O'i 3T... :,•■

146 . 3D NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLEKV.

a handkerchief on a long pole to signal their desire to surren-
der. The Batteries ceased firing. Capt. Morrison called to the
men to come up, which they did, a melancholy looking crowd,
in miserable butternut uniforms. He passed them between his
guns to the rear.

The disgusted Confederates retiring to the pleasant village of
Kinston, half a mile distant to the northwest, sought to remove
a portion of the extensive stores of cotton, turpentine and mu-
nitions of war of the place, before we could cross the river. In
this they were foiled by the long range guns of Batteries E and
I, 3d New York, which, from a commanding situation in rear of
the light Batteries B, F and K, threw heavy shot and shell into
the very heart of the village. The only removal that was
effected by Gen. Evans was, in consequence, that of his army,
which hastily departed from the precincts of Kinston, accompa-
nied by a general exodus of the inhabitants.

Evans fell back to Washington hill, west of the town, leaving
huge fires burning in the streets, to consume piles of cotton,
turpentine, &.c. A brigade of infantry crossed the river, as soon
as the bridge was in condition, supported by Battery K, 3d New
York, and occupied the village. Evans offering fight from the
hill, Foster sent a flag of truce, demanding surrender. The
lofty Confederate declined "on high military grounds," .Src.
Battery K from Kinston, then shelled the heights, when the
enemy precipitately retreated from those high military grounds,
and drew back down b<;hind the hill, out of sight.

Foster bivouacked three brigades in' line of battle west of the
village, supported by artillery," for the night.

The main body of the artillery bivouacked inside the village,
in a public square or park. Many 3d New York lads repos'ed
their tired frames that night, around their camp fires in the
square, on feather beds obtained from the houses of the in-
habitants.

The loss of the Union army at the battle of Kinston was se-
vere, 38 killed and 185 wounded. Among the dead the armv
mourned Col. Gray, of the 96th New York, who fell at the head
of his regiment, while charging the bridge. The 3d New York
Artillery lost 10 wounded, viz :— Battery B, John Hardin, E A.
Sanders, David Finger; Battery F, Ezra Wormouth, Charles E.
Smith, Thomas P. Johnson, Hiram Sherman, Henry Olrich, Al-
exander FuUerton, Charles Bowman.

Bowman was wounded by a bullet that would have killed him
but for the interposition of a metallic cuirass. When Batterv
F got down near the bridge, it found a dead rebel there on the

LOSSES AT KINSTON. 147

ground. He wore this cuirass, despite of which he was dead.
Bowman put it on just in time to arrest a • Minie ball which
struck him in the breast, inflicting a contusion.

The rebel loss was 250 killed and wounded, 400 prisoners,
500 stand of arms, ii cannon, 1,000 rounds of heavy ammuni-
tion, besides provisions and a railroad monitor, &c., in Kinston.
Among the cannon were two that Battery G, 3d New York, had
lost at Washington the September previous. The prisoners
were paroled.

Among the prisoners was Col. MoIIett, of the 68th North
Carolina, a stout fighter, who, wounded in the leg below the
knee, had fallen near the bridge and was there captured.. Sur-
geon Diraon, of the 3d New York, dressed his wounds in a
house near the bridge, temporarily connected with a hospital,
and determined to save his leg. The Medical Director on
Foster's staff paid Col. Mollett the deference to call upon him
at the hospital. He disagreed, however, with Surgeon Dimon
and was for having the leg off. Gen. Foster came in. They
appealed to him. Now Foster had himself been wounded in
the Mexican war in about the same way and had saved his own
leg. He took Surgeon Dimon's view of the matter and made
an excuse by means of which the Medical Director was sent
away. Mollett was left in Dimon's hands. The leg was saved.
Afterwards, at Gettysburg, when Dr. Dimon went down from
Auburn as a volunteer Surgeon to care for the wounded of the
great battle, he heard of Col. Mollett and his perfect health.

Some of our men looked into the hospital during the evening,
but retired with a shudder on stumbling on a ghastly pile of
amputated human arms and legs. ,

After dark, Lieut. Birchmeyer's section of Battery Fand Capt.
Cole's company of the 3d Cavalry went down the Neuse, to a
deserted rebel fort, commanding the river, and brought away
four pieces of light artillery, they found there, besides spiking an
8-inch columbiad and a 32-pounder, and blowing up the maga-
zine.

VVhile at Kinston, Gen. Foster obtained information that
Burnside had been repulsed bloodily in the assault on Freder-
icksburg, and Gen. Lee had telegraphed to Gen. G. W. Smith,
Confederate commander at Goldsboro, that he could send 30,-
000 men, if necessary, to resist our advance. He also learned
that on the direct road from Kinston to Goldsboro he would
have to fight heavy earthworks at several points. It occurred to
him, however, that he could yet accomplish the object of the ex-
pedition by a rapid march up the south bank of the Neuse, by
properly deceiving the enemy. He resolved to go on.

148 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Next morning, under cover of a strong feint on the direct
road to Goldsboro, Kinston was cleared of our troops at day-
light. Foster recrossed the bridge and made a rapid march up
the south bank of the river. Lieut.-Col. Stewart remained 10
burn a railroad monitor, locomotive, &c., at Kinston, and then
burnt the bridge across the Neuse to prevent the rebels from
crossing and attacking our rear.

At nightfall, the army bivouacked within three miles and a
half of the village of Whitehall.

By order of Gen. Foster, two companies of the •3d Cavalry,
under Major Garrard, and one section of Batterv F, 3d New
York, went up towards Whitehall to burn the bridge over the
Neuse and destroy a rebel gunboat in process of construction
there. On arriving at the bridge, they found it already in tlames,
a South Carolina regiment having just retreated across it to the
north bank. The river was reconnoitered as well as could be in
the gloom of the night. The gun boat was discovered on the
north side of the river, on the stocks, her wood work about two-
thirds done. She was a powerful, light draught monster, which
it would be dangerous to allow ever to be completed. Two
thousand barrels of turpentine were set on fire to illuminate the*
boat. Then, while Battery F opened fire on the dark, dense
woods across the stream, Henry Butler of the 3d Cavalrv, swam
across and tried to set fire to the boat by means of a brand from
the bridge. The enemy chased him back and he failed to burn
the rebel cruiser, and nothing could be done except to batter cne
boat with solid shot and riddle it. This was done and the ex-
pedition returned.

Next day the army advanced and over the ruins of the burned
bridge and the riddled gun-boat, fought the battle of Whitehall.

The battle was delivered by Gen. Foster with the ostensibis;
object of crossmg the river, and was a very animated and hard-
fought affair. In reality it was but a feint, designed to amuse
the enemy while the 3d New York Cavalry, under Maj. Garrard,
and Ransom's Battery made a dash at Mt. Olive station, on the
Weldon and Wilmington railroad.

ivu-^^i- "''^^^'■y expedition Jeft camp at davlight. On passing
Whitehall, the enemy fired upon it from the north bank of tne
river. A halt was ordered and the compliment was repaid with
mterest. When our main body came up, the cavalry drew out
of the action and went on.

At Whitehall, gloomy woods clothed both banks of the river,
except on the south side, where a large clearing had been made
among the trees, forming a sort of ampitheatre. The ground

BATTLE OF WHITEHALL. I49

sloped steeply to the river. The enemj' was on the north bank
in the woods, 6,000 strong, under Gen. Robertson, with artillery
in intrenchmenrs.

Reaching the open ground, Gen. Foster sent several infantry
regiments to the river bank to engage the enemy. The rest were
halted to allow the passage of the artillery, which, receiving
orders to come to the front with all speed, spared neither lash
nor spurs, and came thundering into the open ground on a run,
battery after battery. As fast as they reported, those having
light guns, viz : F, H and K, and Belger's, were ranged along
our line of battle, near the base of the slope, the heavy guns,
those of E and I, near the top. Battery B was not in the tight.
As fast as they came into position, our guns opened fire on the
woods, gunboat, and the rebel battery, and for two hours and
over poured shot, shell and cannister into them steadily. The
cannonading was furious beyond experience. It seemed to be
one continuous peal of deafening thunder. The ground trem-
bled under the sound. On our side full thirty cannon were in
action, and at least ten on the side of the rebels. The rebels
fired heavily and rapidly, directing their batteries chiefly against
the guns on the hillside, their musketry against those near the
river. Balls and shells ploughed the ground in every direction,
and had the rebels exhibited their boasted marksmanship, the
slaughter in the Union ranks must have been fearful. As it was
the damage was comparatively light.

Our officers and men acted with consummate coolness and
courage throughout the fight, and served their guns with preci-
sion and steadiness. Maj. Kennedy speaks in the highest terms
of them all. Lieuts. Dennis and Richardson, who took, the one
a section, the other one gun, to most exposed positions on the
river bank, must be especially mentioned for daring and cool-
ness.

Having silenced the enemy's guns and made several demon-
strations as if to cross, once so deceiving our own army that
several of the loth Connecticut actually swam across, Gen.
Foster gave orders to cease firing and formed his brigades for a
resumption of the march to Goldsboro, leaving a body of sharp-
shooters to keep up the fight.

The loss of our army at Whitehall was seventy-five killed
and wounded.

The 3d Artillery lost, viz :

Killed — Peter Hackett and Wm. Ryan, Battery K.
Wounded — Col. Ledlie, Surgeon Dimon and Chaplain Hart,
contusions ; J. Morrison, James Hinman, Asa Clark, Battery

T-;

ISO '3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

E ; Patrick Lynch, Battery I ; Lieut. Kirby, Daniel Grover, Wm.
H. Chase, Mandeville Ward, Geo. Grossman, Wm H. Stewart,
Battery K.

The regiment also lost one of the steel guns of Jenny's Bat-
tery, which burst in action, falling to the ground in four pieces,
fortunately without hurting any one. LieuL Kirby had two
horses shot under him. His Batter)' was in the hottest part of
of the field.

The death of Hackett illustrates the splendid stuff of which
the 3d Artillery was composed and its magnificent discipline.
Battery K was under a terrible fire. The rebel gunners were
doing their worst and filled the air with such a torrent of iron
missiles that it seemed like the roaring of a storm overhead.
Yet Hackett, a driver, stood composedly at his horse's head,
holding the bridle in one hand, the other hanging stiffly by the
side, in a military attitude, as if on dress parade of the regi-
ment A cannon shot carried away his head. He stood for a
moment in the same military posture and then fell to the
ground.

Ryan was behind a large stump. Raising his head to recon-
noiter, a cannon ball that moment carried away his head, too.
This was when the fight was nearly over and some of the men
were laying off.

Lieut. Mercereau's celebrated shot at Whitehall must not be
forgotten. The Lieutenant saw a rebel bearer of dispatches
mount his horse near a signal station and ride off, and sighting
a cannon at him shot him in the head while riding at full
speed. Throwing up his arms, he fell from his horse to the
ground.

After the battle the army marched on through a heavily
wooded country, to within three miles of the goal of the expe-
dition, viz : the railroad bridge crossing the river Neuse near
Goldsboro. Gen. Foster had thus far completely deceived and
out-generaled the rebels, had evaded the heavy breastworks
they had built on the roads north of the Neuse, and was now
within easy striking distance of the coveted prize. About mid-
night the cavalry expedition came in fi-om Mt. Olive station,
having destroyed four miles of railroad track and telegraph and
burnt a trestle bridge, thus for the first time interrupting both
mail and telegraphic communication between Gen. Lee's army
in Virginia and those strongholds of treason, Charleston and
Wilmington.

The railroad bridge at Goldsboro was a handsome structure
of wood, two hundred feet long, which it had taken a year orig-

BATTLE OF GOLDSBORO. 1 5 I

inally to build. To protect this from our arms, and also the
county bridge half a mile above it, the rebels were now concen-
trating in strong force. And when, at 10 a. xM. of the 17th, Gen.
Foster's leading brigade came within two miles of Goldsboro, it
found a Confederate brigade under Clingman drawn up in line
on the embankment of the railroad to receive it. There was
also going on a general muster of men and guns on the north
bank. Clingman was attacked at once, Capt. Riggs dropping a
few shells on his lines, the infantry sending in voUies of mus-
ketry. The rebels weakened readily, and left on the double-
quick for the county bridge.

Our regiments pushed on, pursuing the'line of the railroad,
evoking the fire of sharp-shooters, a rebel battery on the north
bank of the river, and an iron armored railroad car having a
gun aboard, as they drew near the river. Arriving in presence
of the bridge, Batteries B, E, H and I, 3d New York, and
Belger's Battery came up and took position in the fields. The
rebel battery was silenced almost at once.

Distant cheers were heard, and it was discovered that a
railroad train had arrived with reinforcements. It was Gen.
Pettigrew and his men. The train was promptly shelled with
excellent effect A 24-pound shell from Battery E raked two
of the cars, which were platform cars, and burst on the third.
The rebels yelled fearfully at this, and the train backed off.

Col. Hickman, of the 9th New Jersey, receiving an order to
burn the bridge, advanced with his regiment as far as he
could safely go. Volunteers to attempt the hazardous enter-
prise being then called for, 17th Massachusetts and 9th New
Jersey men came forward and tried it, but were wounded and
driven back by the enemy, who shot hard and fast at all who
approached the bridge. After failures by several, the feat was
performed by Lieut.-Geo. VV, Graham, of the 23d Battery, acting
Aid to Col. Hickman, Battery B, 3d New York, furnishing the
port fires used for the purpose. When the bridge was in flames,
our artillery directed upon it an over-powering fire, preventing
any attempt to save it

The General gave orders next to tear up the railroad. Two
Massachusetts regiments, lying in reserve, stacked arms and
rushed upon the track with a yell. They tore it up by hands,
raising rods of it at a time. They did thdr work well, burning
the ties and bending the rails for a long distance.

The object of the expedition having been fully accomplished,
and rebeldom from Charleston to Richmond beginning to rush
in reinforcements to Goldsboro, Foster, at 3 1-2 p. .v., ordered

152 3^^ NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

the baggage trains to be reversed, and set out with the resen-e
troops for Newbern, intent on finding some convenient camping
ground for the night. Battery B, 3d New York, and Cot. Lee's
brigade lingered on the field of battle till nearly sundown, lying
lazily on the grass.

The troops started back in the best of spirits, singfng patriotic
airs, occasionally varied by Old Hundred and plantation songs,
while the few bands played their liveliest and most joyous tunes.
When the artillery came off the field to take its place in column,
the troops greeted it with cheers. Regiment after regiment
waved their caps and flags enthusiastically and made the welkin
ring with stormy hurrahs. " Here come Thomas's big guns,
three cheers," they would shout, as that Battery came by.
" Here come Jenny's Wiards — three rousers for him." " Here
comes little Ashby, with his big howitzers — give him a good
one." " Here's Arvgel, with the big Napoleons, three more."
And so on to the last. No General Orders from headquarters
could have better testified to the worth of the services of our ar-
tillery in the field, than this spontaneous and cordial outburst on
the field of battle. And no knight freshly dubbed ever buckled
on his spurs with more pride than the 3d Artillery took the
tumultuous ovation thus tendered them by their comrades of the
infantry.

The rebels had now collected at Goldsboro, Evans's, Cling-
man's, Pettigrew's, the Mississippi, and other brigades, outnum-
bering the army of Foster by thousands. They, therefore, sud-
denly became inspired to do him harm, and crossing a large
force over the county bridge, when they could no longer save the
railroad bridge, they attacked his rear guard.

Lee's brigade and Morrison's Battery still remained on the
battle field. Morrison was just coming off", when his bugler, a
Frenchman, dashed up to him ip great agitation and cried ex-
citedly : " You zee ! You zee !" pointing back. IMorrison
turned, and saw a knot of rebels standing on the railroad em-
bankment, not far from the bridge. He supposed they wanted
to surrender. Riding down, he called to them to come over and
give themselves up. They deigned no reply, but darted down
on the other side, out of sight.

At Lieut.-Col. Mix's suggestion, Morrison unlimbered two of
his guns and threw a few shells into the woods, whither they had
retired, beyond the embankment, to flush the game if there was
any there. Nothing came of it, however, and the guns rejoined
the Batter)*. They had no sooner done so than three rebel regi-
ments sprang over the top of the embankment in line of battle.

MORRISON REPULSES A CHARGE. 1 53

as though they had risen bodily out of the earth, and advanced
steadily and swiftly upon the Battery. They came on in beau-
tiful order, battle flags waving and bayonets shining in the dying
light of day. Stern the order rang out, "Attention, Battery B !
In action, rear." The six Napoleons were placed in battery,
with the speed of thought, unlimbered, and opened a rapid
fire with cannister and spherical case, upon the advancing
rebels. Volley followed volley into the charging ranks, as fast
as the gunners could throw ammunition into the guns and ram
it home. The rebels were mowed down like grass in swaths,
yet they still came on, exciting admiration by their superb order.
No more gallant charge was ever made. The men faced death
bravely, and though the deadly blasts of cannister rent opening
after opening in their line, they closed up, and still came on
steadily, the officers waving their swords frantically, and cheer-
ing them forward. They advanced till within two hundred yards
of the guns, till we could see the palmetto trees on their flags.
Then the Battery began firing double loads of cannister. They
could not stand that. The lines wavered, they halted, broke,
and in a moment were running in disorder for the shelter of the
embankment, while Morrison poured shell into them as long
as they were in sight. Had a small force of cavalry been
on hand to swoop down on the broken brigade, their battle flags
and many prisoners could have been captured. The flags were
left on the field in plain sight and Lieut.-Col. Stewart wanted
to go and get them ; but Foster would not let him. As it was,
however, they left over three hundred dead and wounded on the
ground, to testify to the disastrous nature of their repulse and
the withering fire to which Morrison's well-drilled gunners had
subjected them. The charge was repulsed by Morrison's Bat-
terv-, unaided by the infantry.

While this charge was being made in front, two rebel regi-
ments and a battery were sent to attack our left. They made a
strong demonstration. A regiment was faced about to meet
them, and Rigg's Battery came up and shelled the woods in
which the rebel battery was masked. The attack was soon
withdrawn.

The renewal of hostilities caused the whole army at first to
halt, and preparations were made for a general engagement.
But the attack ceasing, the march was now resumed by all. A
short distance from the scene of the battle, a mill stream crossed
the road. Our troops had forded it easily that morning in com-
ing up, but now the rebels had dammed the stream and raised
the water waist high. It was icy cold, and the men were chilled
through and through by it.

.■It ■ -t

154 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. '

The army encamped five miles from Goldsboro.

During the battle, Major Garrard with the 3d Cavalry made a
dash at a wagon bridge over the Neuse on our right. He found
it in flames. The enemy was on the other side with a battery.
Angel's battery was sent for and dispatched four guns to Gar-
rard's assistance, supported by the 43d Massachusetts. Angel
engaged the enemy's battery and silenced it. The expedition
returned at dark.

This made the third bridge destroyed by our forces near
Goldsboro.

During the engagement, a little incident occurred which illus-
trates the friendly feeling that existed between the 9th New
Jersey and the 3d Artillery. A Massachusetts Chaplain asked
a wounded Battery B soldier, " If he was supported by Provi-
dence in this trying hour."

"No, by G — d," he said, "supported by the 9th New Jersey."

The night following the battle was cold and ice formed in the
pools. One of Battery H's men, sleeping on the ground, had
his hair frozen to the soil, and he could not get up next day till
they chopped him out with an axe.

The march was resumed on the i8th before daylight. The
day before, the army had had a trial by water. It now had one
by fire. It had to pass through a long piece of burning
woods. The smoke was stifling and trees and brands were fall-
ing in all directions. Happily the troops got through without
serious accident. They marched that day as far as the White-
hall battle ground, and stopped to bury some dead that had
been left on the field.

At noon of the 19th, the scene of the Kinston battle was
passed. A shocking sight there met our eyes. The rebels had
opened the graves of our dead and robbed the soldiers of their
clothing, and they now lay there stark and stifii exposed to the
elements. They were reinterred.

The Engineer of the expedition led the way back on this
march, with a company of cavalry and a detachment of the Sig-
nal Corps under Lieut. David A. Taylor, whose services on this
expedition were invaluable.

The march was pushed rapidly over frozen roads, as Foster
was anxious to reach his base of supplies. The troops were
nearly out of provisions. Hard tack even, and coffee, were so
scarce that the men were devoured with hunger. To their joy,
a few miles below Kinston, they discovered the welcome sight of
a Union gun-boat lying in the river, laden with provisions. A
halt was ordered while the wagons were loading up and then af-

v.''

BRILLIANT RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION. 1 55

ter a short march further on, the army bivouacked and enjoyed
a general square meal all around.

On Saturday, the 20th, the artillery reached Newbem by a
forced march with part of the infantry. The rest came in next
day.

Our total loss in this expedition was, in killed and wounded,
less than 400. The rebel loss was about 600 in killed and
wounded and 500 prisoners. Their loss in bridges, railroad
track and war material was great, and crippled them in North
Carolina for many months. Foster's victory was a brilliant one
in all respects and it gave to our country great heart in the pros-
ecution of the rebellion. It was a ray of sunshine in a time of
profound public gloom caused by the disaster at Fredericksburg.

December 26th, Foster issued his General Order, No. 81, as
follows :

"The Commanding General desires to thank the troops in his
command for the new proof of their courage and steadiness, af-
forded by the recent expedition. The veteran brigade of Gen.
Wessel's, and the troops of this Department, did their duty as
soldiers well."

In his official report, Foster said of the artillery :

"The artillery forces under Col. Ledlie were well placed and
well served, and the commanding officers and the batteries,
without exception, did most excellent service."

Col. Ledlie's conduct (and of his artillery) on this expedition
won for him his Brigadier's star. lie received his promotion
December 24th.

156 Z^ NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLEKV.

IX.

NORTH CAROLINA IN '63.

Current Evenu — Ammon on Recruiting Service — Capt. Howell — Ledlie Promoted
— His Order — Stewart in Command of the Regiment — Attack on Newbern —
Rebels Repulsed — They Attack Washington — The Siege — Incidents — Enemy
Again Foiled — Two Years' Men go Home — Reception in Auburn — Schenck
and Howell in New York in the Riots — Col. Stewart on Recruiting Service
— Current Events.

Before relating the next passage of arms in North Carolina,
a few current events in the department and in the 3d Artillery
will claim our attention.

It has been mentioned that in May, 1862, Capt. Ammon went
home to New York to recruit for the regiment. He was assisted
bv a recruiting party detailed from the regiment. He made Au-
burn his headquarters and published a call asking for 300 three
years' men, offering $167 bounty for every recruit. In August,
volunteers began to come in. In September he sent to Newbern
210, in October 149, raising the 3d Artillery to the proportions
of 1,600 men.

In December, ninety-four marines were assigned to the regi-
ment and scattered around amongst the batteries. They had
mutinied and Gen. Foster broke up their organization in conse-
quence. They were, however, withdrawn from the regiment by
subsequent orders.

Capt. White having resigned the Captaincy of Battery M,
September 30, 1862, Capt. John H. Howell was appointed to
the vacancy, November 18th. Capt. Howell was a youns: man,
who left an editorial chair in the office of the Utica Herald at

COL. LEDLIE PROMOTED. If 7

the outbreak of war and enlisted in the ist New York Artillery,
As ist Lieutenant of Battery H of that regiment he took part
in the siege of Yorktown and subsequent battles of McClellan's
campaign, and at Fair Oaks, May 31st, 1862, received a severe
bullet wound in the right arm while bravely serving his battery
in battle. Gen. Naglee gave Howell a high testimonial of ap-
preciation of the latter's service in writing and recommended
him for promotion. He was appointed Captain in the 3d Artil-
lery in consequence. He took command of Battery M, then at
Hatteras, relieving Capt. Ashcroft, of Battery C, who was at
the time commandant of the post. He remained at Hatteras
till the latter part of February, 1863, when he was appointed on
the staff of Gen. Naglee. He was relieved by Battery C.

The troops in North Carolina were in December, 1862, in-
creased, and on the 24th, by order of the War Department,
constituted the i8th Army Corps, under command of Maj.-Gen.
Foster. The 3d Artillery, of course, composed part of the
Corps.

Col. Ledlie was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General
and Chief of Artillery of the rSth Corps, December 24th. On
the 31st of the same month, he bade farewell to the regiment he

had served with so long and devotedly in the following order :

"December 3 1ST, 1862.

Special Order, No. •250.— The Colonel commanding the regi-
ment, upon entering upon the duties of his new position ^o
which he has been assigned, desires to express the sincere regret
which he feels in parting with those with whom he has been so long
and so pleasantly connected. His earnest desire has ever been
to promote the welfare of those in his command, and his highest
ambition to secure a name for the 3d New York Artillerv. ot
which its members might be proud. Its history has justified
this hope. Whatever maybe the new honors won by it, the
names of Fort Macon. Washington, Kinston, Whitehall and
Goldsboro will shine brightly on its banners. Although his long
existing connection v/ith the regiment is finally dissolved, the
Colonel commanding congratulates himself that it may stiil be
in his power to advance its interests and witness its triumphs,
and feels the utmost confidence that its tried and trusty men',
under their brave officers, will win still higher renown.

By Order, &c.. Sec."

The command of the regiment was assumed by Lieut.-Col,
Stewart, who was promoted to the Colonelcy from' January isr,
1863. Maj. Stone from the same date became Lieutenant Col-
ontl, Capt. Jenny became Major.

,/..,.,

158 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

In the latter part of January, 1863, Gen. Foster took 12,000
of his best troops from North Carolina to the army of Gen.
Hunter, operating against Charleston. Among them were parts \
of eight Batteries of the 3d Artillery. But of this another
chapter will speak.

On the 6th of March, 1863, an expedition to Onslow county,
N. C, left Newbern, composed of the brigades of Gens. Spinola
and Jourdan, Riggs's Battery of the 3d Artillery, Battery F, rst
Rhode Island, and 500 cavalry. The expedition was under the
command of Gen. Prince. Maj. Stone commanded the artillery.
The column was out four days, its advance guard going as far
as Swansboro. It came back without a fight, though some skir-
mishing took place with small patrolling parties of the enemy.
The rebels had withdrawn from that section of North Carolina.

Gov. Vance had been insisting to Jeif. Davis and the Confed-
erate Government upon the recall of enough troops from the |
rebel armies to hold North Carolina against Foster. The demand |
was granted. In March, hearing that Foster had weakened his |
forces in North Carolina to reinforce Hunter at Port Royal, Gen. \
Lee sent Gen. D. H. Hill's whole corps of twenty-three regi- j
ments, 20,000 strong, to Gov. Vance, to drive Foster out of the
State, if possible.

March 13th, the day before the anniversary of its capture,
Hill made an attack upon Newbern. The main body made its
appearance on the Trent road, in front of our pickets at Deep
Gully, who, being promptly reinforced by Palmer's brigade and
Riggs's and Belger's Batteries at Newbern, the rebels did not
attack. A second column advanced upon the city on the south
side of the Trent, but also refused to attack. Both were waiting
tor the success of a third column, under Gen. Pettigrew, armed
with twenty pieces of artillery', which had been sent to attack
Fort Anderson, an unfinished earthwork on the north bank of
the Neuse, opposite the city. The Fort had not a single gun on
wheals, and was garrisoned only by the pad New York Volun-
teers.

At daybreak of the 14th, Pettigrew appeared before the Fort
and demanded its surrender. It was declined. He then planted
his guns within 100 rods of the Fort in the edge of the woods
and bombarded the Fort furiously for three hours, occasionally
stopping to demand a surrender, which he did not get. The
92d took the matter coolly. They laid down behind their works
and only had two men wounded. The gunboats Hunchback^
Massasoit, Fhanix and others opened fire on Pettigrew at the

(1 ■'•}■? c' '?H- r

^ ,• ATTACK ON FORT ANDERSON. 1 59

be^nning of the attack, while every field gun that could be
spared in Newbern was brought down and ranged along the
river side in Newbern and followed their excellent example,
with good effect, too, though at long range. Portions of Batteries
E, F, H and I of the 3d Artillery, and Lee's and Ransom's Bat-
teries composed the line. An assault was meditated by Petti-
grew on the Fort, but it was withheld. The bombardment went
on. The rebels now brought batteries down to the river to
bombard the gunboats and town ; one was nearly a mile above
Fort Anderson. The Hunchback saw this latter movement, but
being aground could not bring her 100 pounders to bear on the
battery. Her officers shouted the fact to Gen. Foster, who was
on shore. Foster asked Col. Stewart to do something about it,
and he accordingly took some of Ransom's VViards up the river
to a point opposite the rebel battery and opened fire on it. He
sighted the first gun himself, pointing it with the aid of a pocket
level. It was loaded with a solid shot and was so well aimed as
to dismount a rebel gun. The shattered wheels and axle were
afterwards found on the ground. After a few shots, the rebel
battery retired.

Pettigrew's shells came over the river into our position quite
frequently during the firing, but exploded harmlessly. One shot
spilled over the coffee of one of our batteries. The kettles hung
in a row over the camp fire. The shot struck the ground and
bounded and raked the whole row of kettles off the pole, to the
intense disgust of the cook, who was covered with ashes and
coffee from head to foot. Once, while Gen. Foster, Col. Stew-
art and others were on the shore, watching the operations across
the river, a long shell from a Whitworth gun, called from its
shape a cucumber shell, struck the smokestack oi the Hunchback.
It lost its rotary axial motion and came on end over end direct-
ly over the party of officers, and near their heads, making such
a startling flutter in the air that everybody dropped to the ground.
No one was hit.

Foster had now reinforced Fort Anderson with infantry. The
fire of our batteries was becoming irksome and Mr. Pettigrew
had nothing more to say. Three of his guns had exploded.
He limbered up the rest and made off on the double quick. The
two columns confronting us at Deep Gully and south of the
Trent drew off at the same time, and beat an inglorious retreat.
The whole attack was a complete failure.

Pettigrew's colored body servant was left behind in the retreat.
He was an intelligent and well educated man. Gen. Foster built
him a school house and set him to teaching the contrabands.

b'j . .;t;!:) Ki «•■■-

t6o 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER AUTItLERV. ;•, I

Baffled at Newbern, Gen. Hill turned with all his force on
Washington on the Tar. On the 17th of March, the woods on
the south side of the Tar, opposite Washington, suddenly be-
came alive with rebel regiments, constituting his advance guard.
They were fired upon by the United States gunboat Louisiana.
After nearly two weeks' of hesitancy, Hill then brought up his
whole corps, with fifty guns, and on the 29th beleagered the
place.

Washington is on the north bank of the Tar. The river is
three-quarters of a mile wide at that point. A causewav, or
bridge, crosses to its south bank and connects with the turnpike
to Newbern, thirty-five miles away. In xMarch, '63, the garrison
numbered only 2,200 men, viz : Battery G, 3d New York Artil-
lery, Capt. Wall j 27th Massachusetts Volunteers ; 44th Massa-
chusetts Volunteers ; Capt, Lyon's Company, North Carolina
Volunteers j one company 3d New York Cavalry, and two or
three hundred contrabands. The defenses of the town were of
a sort to give efiiciency to a small garrison. A line of entrench-
ments encircled it from river to river, protected by additional
abatti, with block-houses and redoubts at the three roads run-
ning out of the town and another, designated as No. 4, on
the river side below it. In the center of the line, actino- as the
key of the whole situation, was Fort Washington, a' small,
but strong field fort, quadrangular, bastioned, strongly sodded,
and surrounded by a ten-foot ditch and a row of heavy abatti.
There was also a redoubt, a small one, guarding the causewav,
and other of larger size on the river's edge, below block-house
No. 4, called Fort Hamilton. The armament of these works
was — Block-house No. i, above the town, one 6-pounder ; Block-
house No. 2, one 6-pounder ; Fort Washington, four 32-pounders,
two 6-pound Wiards, two 12-pound Napoleons ; Block-house No.
3, one 6pounder, one 32-pounder ; Block-house No. 4, one im-
pounder ; Fort Hamilton, two 12-pound Napoleons, one 30-pound
Parrot, one 32-pound Rodman ; redoubt at the bridge, one 30-
pound Parrot, two 6-pounders.

To be considered as forming a part of the south side defenses
were the gunboats Louisiatia, Eagle and Commodore Hull, and
liter in the sie^e x.\\^ C:res. The 6-poand guns in the block
houses belonged to Battery G, 3d New York Artillery.

Learning of the intentions of the enemy. Gen. Foster threw
himself into Washington with his staff before the enemy could
surround it, coming up on a steamer, leaving orders for Prince's
brigade to follow by water, and Spinola's by land. He arrived
March 30th, and came at once to Fort Washington, which had

HILL LAYS SIEGE TO WASHINGTON. i6l

been garrisoned since the previous summer by Battery G, under
CaptVVall. He made the Fort his headquarters. Dispositions
to resist an assault were immediately made. By Foster's order,
the barracks in Fort Washington were at once torn down and
every available man in the whole garrison was ordered out to
work 1 1 strengthening the lines. Shovels being scarce, shingles
from the dismantled barracks and other buildings were used.
Traverses to protect guns from cross fire were begun, and the
abatti was made thicker in front of all positions exposed to as-
sault. The 44th Massachusetts was disposed along the line of
intrenchments west of the Fort^ the 27th Massachusetts east of
tt. Battery G manned the Fort, and also had a detachment at
the redoubt at the causeway and at Fort Hamilton.

An assault was expected daily, and the little garrison worked
like beavers to prepare for it. But Hill hesitated for three
whole days. On the 31st, having planted batteries on the south
side of the Tar, at Rodman's point, nearly opposite, but below
the town, and at Hill's point, six miles below, so as to command
the approaches by water, he showed in force on the hills in front
of Fort Washington, and sent down a tlag of truce, demanding
a surrender, stating that he had completely surrounded the town
and It was now in his power. Foster would not allow the tlag
to come within our lines, but sent out officers to meet it. He
was in Fort Washington when Hill's demand was brought to him.
Officers of Company G heard him say, " Go back and tell them,
if they want Washington, come and get it. We'll tight them as
long as we can man a gun." All now made ready to resist the
expected assault. Two companies of infantry were brought into
the Fort. Two hundred contrabands were armed, and every
man that could sight a ririe was stationed at the breastworks.

With his 20,000 men. Hill could have taken Washington with
one strong rush, though Battery G and the infantry would have
made it a bloody business for him had he tried it. The assault,
however, did not come. Hill saw we were ready for him, and it
is said that his men, when ordered to advance and storm our
works, refused to obey.

The rebel General then decided on a siege. The erection of
batteries was, on the 31st, begun on the hills north and east of
tort Washington, in the edge of the woods. The Fort shelled
the rebel position to annoy the working parties.

The riverside of the town was its vulnerable point. On the
30th, Capt. Lyon's company had been sent to Rodmaa's point,
with orders to entrench, and secure it against the enemy. But
ne was driven off at daybreak, next day,^in spite of the attempts

l62 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERV,

of the gunboats to drive back the rebels by the fire of their
heavy guns. The rebels erected a battery on the point, and
April ist opened fire on the town and on the Commodore Hull,
which was aground in the river. The boat received a hundred
shots, and was completely riddled. Foster was determined to
repossess Rodman's point. By his orders a strong detachment
sallied across the causeway, supported by two guns of Battery
G, and strove to get in the rear of the rebel redoubt. But the
road beyond the causeway was obstructed by a barricade, with
infantry and artillery, and after a short fight, the sortie re-
turned. On the 4th, under cover of a fog, an attempt was made
to storm the point by crossing in boats. But the gunboat Ceres.
which had the storming party on board, ran aground, and the
assault failed. The Ceres was well pelted with shot'before she
could be gotten off.

The bombardment of the town and our river side redoubts bv
Rodman's point, began on the ist. The cannonade was mutual
and ver\- heavy, but void of especial result. The Commodore
Hull had several guns dismounted. Block-house No. 4 was
riddled, and some damage was inflicted on houses in the town.

The transports bearing Gen. Prince's brigade from Newbern
came in sight of the town that day, but were stopped by the
rebel batteries on Hill's point. Foster ordered Prince to land
and storm the point. He replied, " It is impracticable," and
never even made the attempt.

Fearful that the rebels on Rodman's point would destroy the
Union gunboats, Foster now had a breastwork built on Castle
island, a little island in the middle of the river, to put their
guns into it if necessary, and those of the Commodore Hull ancJ
Eagle were landed in the town. The heavy guns in Fort Ham-
ilton were from the Eagle. This Fort derived its name, by the
way, from Lieut. Hamilton, of Battery G, who with his men gar-
risoned it.

The bombardment of Fort Washington fairly opened from the
batteries east of rhe town, on the ^d, and lasted with varying in-
tensity for seventeen days.

On the 4th, a new voice was added to the roaring of the rebel
batteries, and missiles came flying down towards block house No.
4, from a twelve-pound battery on Blount's plantation, east of
the town. The battery was masked behind a hedge fence. .A?^
it took the river side redoubts at this point in reverse, the two
Wiard guns of Battery G at the causeway redoubt were ordered
up to block house No. 4 to engage the battery. After firing two-
hours, one of the rebel guns was knocked over, and the other

BOMBARDMENT OF WASHINGTON. 163

silenced. Two of Battery G's men at Fort Hamilton, Horle and
Shaufeller, were injured that day by a premature explosion.
Horle had just rammed home the charge, when it went off, the
blast carrying him bodily right over the breastwork.

On the 5th, the tiring on Fort Washington began to grow
heavy. Work after work was thrown up on the hills in front of
it. Nearly every day, new guns were mounted in them, until at
length eight siege batteries were arrayed against the Fort and
rained into it daily a terrific converging fire from ten rifled and
four smooth bore guns. The Fort was ploughed in all directions
by the shot and fragments of shell, but the garrison went through
the appalling ordeal to which it was subjected almost without
harm. The ramparts were good and strong and shelter was af-
forded against cross fire by large traverses built between the
guns by the contrabands. Fort Washington answered the bat-
teries on the hills with as heavy a fire as was consistent with
economy of ammunition. After three days' firing, the supply of
ammunition was nearly exhausted, and it became necessary to
fire slowly, paying more attention to accuracy and depending
less on silencing the enemy by a torrent of fire. Battery G's
gunners in the Fort thus made beautiful shots, and frequently
dismounted rebel guns. The only way Foster had of obtaining
ammunition was by means of row boats and sail boats running
the blockade of the Hill's point batteries in the night. This
was successfully done and each night enough was generally se-
cured to carry the garrison thcough the next day.

On the 9th, the attention of the garrison at Washington was
caught by the sounds of battle far away to the south-east. All
surmised that relief was at hand and that our troops from New-
bern had attacked the rebel rear. But the sounds soon died
away and nothing came of the demonstration. The cause of the
firing was an attempt by Brig. -Gen. Spinola, with 7,000 infantry,
and Riggs's, Ashby's, Howell's, Belgers's and Ransom's Bat-
teries, to break through the rebel circumvallation of Washing-
ton and raise the siege. He encountered a strong force of the
enemy at Blount's bridge, fifteen miles from Washington, and
tried to drive them without success, and then fell back to New-
bern.

The bombardment of Fort Washington was very hot on the
loth, and the top mast of the flag staff was shot away. The flag
came down on a run. But David Myrick, of Battery G, gallantly
climbed the mast under a heavy fire and nailed the flag to its
place. Shots struck the pole above and below him while he was
up there and one of them jarred him down. The rebels fired

1 . . I

164 3D NEW-VORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

about 200 rounds an hour into the Fort on the loth, requiring" ,1
sharp look out to prevent casualties. Battery G worked its gun a
steadily in reply and won the admiring comments of Gen. Foster
and his staff for its coolness and intrepidity, and for the accu-
racy of its shots. Fort Hamilton, too, was well served and made
some remarkably close shots. One day, one of its gunners
sighted the 32-pounder at a man across the river, who was mak-
ing signals, and shot him.

A hotter fire than ever was rained upon the town on the 12 th,
Jbut without shaking the steadfastness of the garrison. Our re-
turn fire was so well directed that the rebels were kept hard at
work repairing their breastworks ploughed up by our shot.
During the day, a lo-pound Parrot shell dropped into Fort
Washington beside a gun in command of Sergt. Goodrich. The
Sergeant instantly picked it up and threw it aside to a place,
where, "had it burst, it could not endanger the lives of his men.
Fortunately it did not burst at all. It may be mentioned here,
that Sergt. Goodrich won a proud name during this siege for his
cool daring and soldierly conduct. Every time his gun was
fired, he exposed himself above the parapet to watch the effect
of the shot, and Gen Potter's attention was so drawn to it that
he inquired for Goodrich's name and said, " That's my idea of a
perfect soldier."

On the 14th, the steamer Escort came up the river, having run
the blockade, bringing the 5th Rhode Island Volunteers, with a
store of provisions and ammunition. The next day the Escort
started back again. Gen. Foster was aboard, determined to -a
to Newbern, and bring a relieving column to the rescue. The
Escort ran the blockade again in safety, though fortv-seven shot:)
were sent into her on passing by the Hill's point ba'tteries. Slie
reached Newbern that evening. Foster immediatelv ordert-d
the whole force to prepare for action, and at daylight of th.e
1 7th started overland for Washington. All the artillery that
could be spared from Newbern accompanied it.

Meanwhile, an attempt was made in Washington to create the
belief that reinforcements had been received. Troops were
shifted from point to point, empty camps were pitched, and bat-
teries of cannon were drawn here and there.

On the night of the isth, the rebels ingloriouslv stole aw.iv
from their lines and retreated. Fort Washington tossed a few
shells into the redoubts on the hill in the morning. But the hfi!
was mute. Our pickets- then charged up to find the enemy h.ul
flown. It is hardly necessary to say that the intelligence w.i=-
received v.-ith hearty cheers arid considerable enthusia'sm. Our

INCIDENTS OF TKE SIEGE. f, U6$

officers went out to view the rebel works and examine the effect
of our firing. The hill was strewn with our shot and the ruin
they caused visible everywhere. Hill's point was occupied by a
detachment of Battery G and a company of infantry on the 17th.

Foster came up on the i8th. His cavalry attacked and cut
up the enemy's rear guard. His forces did not all come on to
Washington. Finding the rebels were gone, they were nearly
all sent back.

The success of Foster's gallant little band of 2,200 in keeping
at bay a whole rebel corps for twenty days, and withstanding
an aggressive siege of twelve days, has been justly regarded as
unparalleled in the war. The merit of the achievement is prom-
inently and perhaps principally due to Battery G of the 3d New
York Ai-tillery,

April 24th, Gen. Foster issued General Orders, No. 63.
Enumerating the troops comprising the garrison of Washington
during the siege, he says : " They have all incurred by their
steadiness, courage and endurance, the honor of inscribing on
their banners, "Washington, April, 1863."

Before leaving this subject, an incident worthy of notice, oc-
curring in Riggs's Battery, on the march to Washington, may be
related. The section under command of Lieut. Mercer, had
halted for dinner. Over a hastily built camp fire, water was
soon boiling for the coffee. One of the men, stepping to the
limber chest, took out the coffee bag and emptied its contents
into the kettle, and then rolling up the bag replaced it in the
chest. Corporal Smith was sitting ori the chest, which, by the
way, contained fifty pounds of powder, when Ben Adams ap-
proached and asked permission to look into the chest. This
was against regulations, and was refiised. But Ben was uneasy,
and came back and said to the Corporal, " I must look in that
chest." After some chaffing, he was allowed to. Upon raising
the lid a cloud of smoke arose. The men, who stood around,
forgetful of rations and everything but personal safety, fled in
all directions. Ben, however, at the risk of his life, remained.
The coffee bag was afire. Ben snatched it out, and threw it on
the ground, exclaiming, "There, I knew something was the
matter." He never could account for his desire to look into
that chest. His presentiment came just in time, for in a few
moments more the limber would have exploded, with disastrous
consequences.

The time of the original members of the 3d Artillery, veterans
of the 19th New York Volunteers, expired in the month of May,

l66. 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

1863. They were accordingly assembled at Newbern, to be sent
home for muster out. Battery G came down from VVashington
May 8th. Detachments of E, I and K, at Port Royal, were
brought up, and Battery H was relieved from duty in Fort
Rowan, Newbern, and C and D from duty at Fort Totten.
Separated from the rest of the regiment, they encamped apart,
w)iile their papers were being made out ; on the 13th of May
they turned out by themselves, with their old regimental colors,
tattered and torn by service, and inscribed with regimental vic-
tories, for an old igth dress parade. A week later. Gen. Foster
issued the following order : —

" Headquarters, Department of North Carolina,
i8th Army Corps,

Newbern, May 20, 1863. ^

Special Orders, No. 144 : — The term of service of many of
the 3d New York Artillery having expired, and they being about
to leave the Department, the commanding General feels called
upon to express his thanks to them for the past and his best
wishes for the future. The commanding General hopes that,
after a brief enjoyment of home, the memory of the brave deeds
in which they have participated in this Department, and the
memory of their friends left behind, will induce many or all of
them, officers and men, to return again to the Department of
North Carolina. There are few among the parting who cannot
recall with pride the siege of Fort Macon, the affairs of Ravvles
Mills, and the actions of Kinston, Whitehall, Goldsboro, and
Washington. The commanding General sympathizes with the
companions and families of those brave men who have fallen
and whose memory will ever remain recorded in the annals of
this Department.

By command of "Maj-'Gen. J. G. Foster.

Southard Hoffman, A. A. G."

The men sailed for home that same day in two steamers.
Batteries E, H, I, K, M, and Breck's section of F, and two
companies of the 8th Massachusetts Volunteers, with an im-
mense throng of spectators escorted them to the wharf They
reached New York on the 23d, arriving in Auburn with Gen.
Ledlie and Col. Stewart on the 26th, the detachment being as
follows : —

Battery A— Capt. White, Lieuts. Tomlison and Potter, and
75 men.

Battery C — Lieut. Randolph, and 83 men.

Battery D— Capt. Gavigan, Lieuts. Boyle, Brannick and
Dwyer, and 63 men.

MUSTER OUT OF THE OLD I9TH MEN, 1 67

Battery E — Lieut. Dennis, and 80 men.

Battery G— Capt. Wall and Lieut. Tliompson, and 56 men.

Battery I— 78 men.

Battery K — Lieut. Havens, and 75 men.

Surgeon Dimon.

In all, 524, — all stalwart, manly looking fellows, bronzed like
, Arabs and magnificently drilled.

Their arrival created an intense excitement in Auburn. A
few days before, a public meeting had been called and a com-
mittee of the very best citizens appointed to organize a recep-
tion. The committee was — Jonas White, Jr., the Mayor, chair-
man ; Wm. E. Beardsley, Theo. M. Pomeroy, Geo. VV. Peck, S.
Willard, M. D., Nelson Beardsley, E. P. Ross, J. N. Knapp,
Chas. P. Wood, John H. Chedell, N. T. Stephens, Col. J. B.
Richardson, Capt. Hubbard, C. Morgan, C. E. Barber, T. P.
Case, D. P. Wallis, C. C. Dennis, C. H. xMerriman, J. Ives
Parsons, L. Briggs, M. D., Wm. Hills, Geo. J. Letchworth,
Wm. Allen, Thomas Kirkpatrick, D. M. Osborne, Eli Gallup,
W. S. Hawley, Kellogg Beach, C. S. Burtis, Chas. Standart, C.
G. Briggs, L. H. Baldwin, L. L. Wilkinson, Wm. B. Woodin,
Benj. B. Snow, Wm. Robinson, John Porter, M. S. Myers, Geo.
Humphreys, John T. Baker, E. T. T. Martin, A. G. Beardsley.
, Plans were laid for a grand reception ; but the battalion ar-

rived before it was expected, and there was only time to marshal
Capts. White's, Swift's, Rhodes's and Barber's military companies
under Col. J. B. Richardson, Nos. i, 3 and 4. fire companies
and hook and ladder company to greet the returned heroes at
the New York Central Railroad depot and escort them to the
Exchange Hotel on Genesee street, where J. N. Knapp, tiie
Provost Marshal, made them an address, and a collation was
provided for them. The city was hung with flags in their honor
and the populace, proud of them beyond expression, thronijed
the streets. Two or three days afterwards, the battalion haa a
dress parade in front of the Court House and was addressed by
Secretary Seward. The men were formally mustered out June
2d. They were paid otT on the 6th.

Shortly after these events, the returned members of the 3d
Artillery were unexpectedly called on, one day, to display their
patriotic devotion to the country's welfare by special service in
the city of New York. In that metropolis riots had broken out
among the foreign born and ignorant classes of the populace m
opposition to the conscription ordered by Government. The
State happened to be stripped of serviceable troops, nearly
everything that could be gleaned, volunteers and militia, having

1 68 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERT.

been sent to Pennsylvania to fight Gen. Lee at Gettysburg. In
this emergency, on the 14th of July, Gov. Seymour called on
Maj. Giles, then at Auburn, to get together the discharged vete-
rans of the 3d Artillery, and report at once to Gen. Wool in New-
York city, for the public defense. Maj. Giles promptly repeated
the call in Cayuga and Seneca counties, and the disbanded bat-
talion as promptly responded, and began to assemble with alac-
rity at Seneca Falls and elsewhere, for the purpose of going in
a body to the metropolis. The danger, however, had passed
before they could be organized. They were publicly thanked
and allowed to return to their homes.

Nevertheless, the 3d Artillery was not without efficient repre-
sentatives in New York diiring the riots, quite a delegation of
its officers being in the city at the time on furlough. Gen. Wool
immediately utilized them for the public defense, placing por-
tions of his militia under their experienced and competent di-
rection. Capt. Schenck received command of a battery of
artillery, and did good service at the Atlantic docks and else-
where, in overawing rioters and preventing the destruction of
property and sacking of stores.

Capt. Howell was giv^ command of some artillery of the 8th
regiment, and used it on Wednesday, the 15th, in a manner
that showed how little distinction existed in his patriotic view
between rebels in the field and traitors at home. At daylight of
the 15th, Gen. Dodge and Col. Mott with a body of infantry,
and Capt. Howell and his i:;uns, were sent to 32d street, where the
mob was hanging colored men and breaking into and rob-
bing houses and stores. When they arrived on the ground,
three colored men had already been slain. The lifeless body of
one, Col. Mott himself cut down with his sword. The act
aroused the ferocity of the mob, who attacked the detachment
with a rain of brick and stones, and, crowding up close, struck
those within reach with clubs and slung shot. Col. Mott di-
rected Capt. Howell to come into battery at the corner of 32d
Street and 7th Avenue, which he did forthwith, while the infantry
and cavalry charged the mob, and with thrust of bayonet and
slash of sword drove it a long ways down the street. The rioters
rallying again, Capt. Howell approached them alo-ne and warned
them to disperse or he would try the virtue of grape and can-
nister. The caution was repeatedly given ; but the crowd
lingered, and finally renewed the attack, making a rush to take
our guns, prefacing the same with a tremendous volley of stones.
Capt. Howell waved his sword and gave the signal to fire, and
half a dozen rounds of cannister tore their ^vay through the very

RECRUITING THE REGIMENT. 169

heart of the assailing horde, checking "its advance and facing it
to the right about in panic terror. The street was cleared almost
immediately, the mob leaving the road strewn with bleeding
bodies. Nearly twenty expiated their folly and crime in bloody
death in this attack, though, doubtless, some of those shot down
were innocent parties drawn to the scene from motives of curi-
osity. The infantry now had easy work and made a large
number prisoners.

Two days afterwards, Capt. Howell had a narrow escape from
assassination for the part borne by him in this fight. While
driving in his private carriage to headquarters, a group of a
dozen or more of the rioters, spying his uniform, set up a shout
of *| There's the man who fired on us on Wednesday," and on
the instant poured a shower of stones on the carriage, breaking
the windows and panels. The rioters shouted to the driver to
stop. Capt. Howell drew his revolver and told the driver to go
on. Before that individual had recovered his wits enough to
act, the crowd had increased to fifty. A stone now struck Capt.
Howeirs shoulder on an old wound, for a moment paralyzing the
arm. The horses were then lashed into a gallop ; the crowd
•was halted with five shots from the Captain's revolver; and the
carriage was soon beyond the reach of danger.

The withdrawal of the two years' men depleted the .3d
Artillery to 889 men. In accordance with the orders of the
AVar Department requiring the consolidation of the regiment to
eight batteries, the remnants of Batteries A, C, D and G were
transferred to E, K and 'I on May 22d, leaving the constitution
of the regiment as follows: Battery B, Capt. Ashcroft, 142 men ;
Battery E, Capt. Schenck, 105 men ; Battery F, Capt. Tavlor,
J33 men ; Battery H, Capt. Riggs, 133 men ; Battery I, Capt.
Ammon, 113 men ; Battery K, Capt. Angel, 125 men ; Battery
M, Capt. Howell, 131 men; Field and Staff, 7. In all, 8S9.
The battery was L, Capt. Cowan, 1st New York Independent,
m the Army of the Potomac. It was still carried along on the
rolls at that time as a legitimate portion of the 3d Artillerv,
Col. Stewart having no authority as yet to drop it. But this
history does not include it, or count it, with the 3d Artillery, as it
was practically an independent command and was not under the
orders of the commander of the 3d.

To bring the regiment back to its proper standard, Col.
Stewart applied to Secretary Stanton for permission to recruit.
Gen. Foster endorsed the request as follows : —

•* I approve the within most cordially, because I believe it

I/O 3D NEW-yORK. VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

to be for the interest of the service. The 3d New York Artillery,
which arrived here fully 1,700 strong, has been the body from
which we have drawn the personale for all the excellent artillery
light batteries we have formed in this department. When the
original Burnside expedition landed, it had only a Rhode Island
battery (Belger's.) But this excellent battery was the nucleus
of the efficient batteries, nine in number, formed from the 3d
New York Artillery. Notwithstanding a very large drain of its
best material, made to assist the Department of the South in the
attack on Charleston, we now have remaining several batteries
-which are now very efficient. But all the regiment is exhausted
in mounting these batteries ; and now none are left, since so
many more are to be mustered out, to man the forts. To sup-
ply this want, at least in part, I earnestly recommend that the
requisite authority be granted to fill up the regiment to the
original standard."

The application was granted in the course of the summer. In
September, Col. Stewart was enabled to go home and begin re-
cruiting. He opened offices in Auburn, Utica, Geneva and'
other places and made the State ring with his calls for volunteers.
In September, eighty-two recruits were obtained in consequence,
and in October, 212. Among the latter was the new Battery C,
Capt. Wm. E. Mercer, 160 strong. Further recruiting was then
arrested temporarily by the efforts in New York State to raise a
new regiment of Artillery, the i6th, by Capt. Morrison, Capt.
Ammon, Lieut. Prince, and others of the 3d, by consent of Gov.
Seymour. The i6th Artillery, by the way, was duly raised and
was a splendid regiment. A great many of the men of the 3d
mustered out in June went into it and many of the3d's best line
officers.

'Ihe summer and fall of 1863, in North Carolina, were dis-
tinguished by no hard battles. Several sharp cavalry raids on
the Weldon railroad, however, took place, and various dashes at
Kinston, Swansboro and other points were made by small expe-
ditions. They were all successful and served to keep the enemy
in constant alarm. Detachments of the 3d Artillery generally
accompanied them. The raids on the railroad took place on
July 3d and 18th. The first struck it at Warsaw. The second
struck it at Rocky Mount Station, burning bridges, locomotives,
cars and stores there, and, on the -way back, burning rebel
steamers at Tarboro. Lieut. Clark and his section went with
this expedition, had several brushes and did good service, losing
four wounded and one prisoner. Lieut. Mercereau went part
way with it.

■W,?l" v

.; . Wi t^'i

■ ^ ; J i £ i

FOSTER — PECK, I/l

July i8th, Foster assumed command of the joint Departments
of Virginia and North Carolina and went to Fortress Monroe.

September 3d, Maj.-Gen. John J. Peck assumed eomnland of
the District of North Carolina by Foster's order.

■^ #

173 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

BEFORE CHARLESTON.

Foster's Expedition to Charleston — The Artillery Brigade — Hunter Absorbs
Foster's Troops — In camp on St. Helena — The Tent with the Barrel in it—
Du Font's Attack on Charleston — Batteries B and F on Folly Island — Re-
■ turn of the other Batteries to Newbern — Capture of Morris Island — Siege of
Fort Wagner — B and F on the Lines — Battery B and the Regulars — B Builds
a Breastwork at Night — Capture of Wagner — B and F Bombard Sumter at
Night — The Two Expeditions to John's Island — Incidents — The 3d Artillery
Saves the Army — The Battle of Bloody Bridge.

» •

Foster's expedition to Goldsboro in December, 1862, having
seriously disturbed the enemy's communications in North Caro-
lina, nearly isolated Wilmington from the North, and left it very
much as Fort Macon was when Burnside took Newbern, Fos-
ter proposed to take Wilmington, and, with the full consent and
approval of the War Department, began to assemble his i8th
Corps at Beaufort, as the first step towards making a dash at
the earnestly coveted prize. While intent on this idea, he re-
ceived orders from Washington, changing the objective point of
his new expedition. The Monitor^ which had been promised
him to help in his expected attack on Wilmington, had foun-
dered at sea, and no other iron clad could be spared him. He
was directed, therefore, to go at once to South Carolina, and
co-operate by land with Du Font's iron clads, in an assault on
Charleston. The project well suited his ambitious and ener-
getic temperament, and as he happened to have been one of

poster's expeditions to chahleston. 173

Sumter's garrison, as United States Engineer of the defenses of
Charleston, when the rebels took it in 186 1, the notion of aiding
in its recapture was the more gratifying.

The force which now gathered at Beaufort, N. C, comprised
11,000 hard fighters, under the brave Brigadiers Naglee, Hick-
man, Ferry, Stephenson and others. There was good material
throughout in the corps, but its brightest ornament by far was a
magnificent brigade of artillery, composed of thirteen batteries
and parts of batteries, light and heavy, with forty guns, all under
the command of Gen. Ledlie, Chief of Artillery of the i8th
Corps. The 3d Artillery was represented in the brigade by a
large battalion, under command of Maj. Kennedy, of splendid
appearance in the field, and, thanks to the Major's and their
Captains' careful training, most thoroughly and scientificallv
drilled. A portion of it consisted of details from heavy bat-
teries, which were designed to serve mortars in any siege opera-
tions, and to garrison the numerous fortifications, the General
confidently expected to capture. Its composition was as fol-
lows : Battery B, 103 strong, Capt. Morrison, with six 12-pound
Napoleons ; Battery F, 94 strong,. Capt. Jenny, six 6-pound
W'iards; Battery I, 98 strong, Lieut. Thomas, six 12-pound
Napoleons ; Battery A, 60 strong, Lieut. Laughlin, heavy, armed
with rifles ; Battery C, 26 men, Lieut. Randolph, same ; Battery
D, 25 men, Lieut. Brannick, same ; Battery E, 90 strong, Capt.
Schenck, same. Having in all, 490 men, 22 cannon and 400
horses. All the companies took their camp equipage. Dr,
Knight accompaied the battalion as Surgeon. Capt. Morrison
was Assistant-Quartermaster on Ledlie's staff.

The expedition, assembling at Beaufort during the last days of
January, was, by the 30th, snugly aboard a fle'et of about fifty
steamers and schooners, lying at anchor under the guns of Fort
Macon. The light batteries of the artillery brigade each had
two schooners, one for the men and guns, the other for the
horses. Batteries A, C, D and E were on the steamer SpauU-
ing under command of Capt. Schenck. This was Gen. Foster's
headquarters' ship and flew a dark blue flag with a white casile
in the center to designate it as such.

The fleet sailed on January 31st. Up to this moment no one
but the chiefs of the expedition knew its destination. There
was intense curiosity on the subject, but no positive information,
until the fleet had sailed forty miles down the coast. Each
Captain of a vessel then opened the sealed orders which had
been handed him on starting, and found it to direct him to ren-
dezvous at Port Royal. The SpauUitng reached Hilton Head,

..>•'•■ ;t,.2 ? 11 ■.'J?

174 3° NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

February 2d. The sailing vessels made slower time, the
wind being light. February 2d was a gloriously clear and sunny
day and the sunset one of unequalled magnificence. But at
night, a gale sprang up and the schooners were widely scattered
over the face of the ocean. Some of them got in to Hilton
Head on the 3d, but of the rest some were out a week before
they were able to make the port.

Port Royal js a splendid harbor, ten miles long by four wide,
with luxuriantly verdant islands margined by wide sand beaches,
on all sides. A noble fleet of iron clads, monitors, steamers
• and ships lay at anchor on its bosom, their white sails, black
hulls and strange shapes, and their innumerable flags and pen-
nants, imparting to the scene a singular interest and beauty.

Gen. Foster reported verbally to Gen. Hunter, commander of
the department, to whom the former's advent in his department
is said to have been a great surprise. It was agreed that the
i8th Corps should encamp for the present on St. Helena island,
on the north side of the harbor. The infantry was debarked
rapidly. The artillery went ashore on the 7th, 8th, and 9th,
camping on the broad smooth beach at the extreme southern end
of the island, near the Government dock, and within ten rods of
the water's edge. The batteries camped in parallel rows, in
Sibley tents, holding fifteen men each.

St. Helena, a long, level island, is covered with fine planta-
tions and elegant mansions. Its soil produces the finest quality
of the famous sea island cotton, and that was the chief crop
raised by its residents before the war. When the i8th Corps
arrived, however, the island was deserted, save by negroes, and
its pl.intations neglected and overrun with weeds and quick-
growing tropical vegetation.

Gen. F(jster's stay in the Department of the South was short.
On arriving at Port Royal, he called on Com. Du Pont to ar-
raii^'c the details of a joint attack on Charleston. Du Pont was
not ready, and Foster took a steamer to Fortress Monroe to get
vime siege guns for land batteries. He did not come b.ick.
Hunter disarranged the entire plan of his expedition by taking
adv.int \-e of his absence and incorporating the whole detach-
ment of 11.000 from the i8th Corps, as reinforcements. Fos-
ter's principil officers protesting, Hunter ordered them out of
Ihc department, and they left. Gen. Ledlie left among the
number. Deprived of some of his batteries by Hunter's order,
he protested against it, without avail. He, therefore, applied to
be ordereii North, and obtained his request. He ploughed the
wave {or Newbern, March 15th.

AT ST. HELENA.

'75

Under the sunny skies of St. Helena, among palmettos and
and moss-draped live oaks, the 3d Artillery idled away two lono'
months, while Du Pont was getting his iron clads ready, and
Hunter, with a powerful corps at his disposal, was doing noth-
ing. One or two grand reviews took place on the island, and
the burning of a negro settlement, the distant booming of heavy
guns from our gun boats at Savannah or in the blockading-
squadrons off Charleston, created passing sensations. But, ail
things considered, it was very dull. Foraging in the orange
groves, in the sweet potato patches, and among the flocks and
-herds of the inhabitants, was about the only entertainment. It
was, of course, against orders. But Hunter starved the troops
on St. Helena, and the sutlers in Robbers' Row, on Hilton
Head, plundered them. What else were they to do ? A great
many found sport in trapping with snares the gaily-colored gros-
becks that peopled the groves. Others had a passion for raking
up clams and others from the bottom of the harbor, and sought
recreation in so doing. But the ruling furore was for forbidden
edibles and the excitement of getting them. It led the men
into many e.xploits. Bound to have something better than hard
tack and salt pork, a diet that produced atone time a prevalence
of scur\j in the artiller\' brigade, all who could escape beyond
the limits of camp foraged largely. Two months' experience
in this line endued some of the more enterprising spirits with a
strength of cool impudence that no one could excel but a loth
Corps Quartermaster. One of the many exploits related is told
of Battery B. It took place in the camp of the Battery. The
General had issued a barrel of commissary whiskey for the sick
of B. The Captain placed it in the back part of his tent for
safety. One day a certain clique were observed to be growino'
hilarious. Great was the mystitication. No inquiries at tirsl
sufficed to discover where or how the potent liquid was obtained.
At length the Orderly Sergeant found it out. It was noticed
that among toasts offered on the sly among the men one was
exceedingly popular and occasioned much covert merriment.
"Here's to the tent with the barrel in it." Then the truth came
out. One day a few of the men had taken one of the buckets
from the guns. A picket went around in front of the Captain's
tent. VVhen the Captain dropped asleep, at a signal, a slit was
made in the back of the tent. The barrel was tapped with a
gimlet, and a pailful of its precious contents drawn off. The
hole was plugged and the initiated gathered in an appointed
tent to drink the health of their ofticers and the tent with a
barrel in it.

17^ 3^ NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER AKTII LERY,

On the ist of April the troops at St. Helena, including the 3d
Artillery, were ordered to embark for the long expected attack
on Charleston. Camps were struck in a furore of enthusiasm.
The fleet set sail April 3d. After a stormy passage, it rendez-
voused in Stono Inlet, clustering behind the south end of Folly
Island. A portion of the 3d Artillery, on tne schooner Scoaf,
did not get in till the 7th, having been driven by the storm
down opposite to the coast of Florida.

On the 6th, the iron clads came up from the North Edisto,
steamed slowly by the Stono, and collected ofiF Morris liland,
for the attack next day. The memorable assault was made by
them on the afternoon of the 7th, and lasted three hours. The
crashing of the heavy guns seemed to the fleet behind Folly
Island like the unceasing muttered roll of the most awful thun-
der. The troops were in intense excitement, and hung in the
riggings of the transports, thick as bees, hoping to catch a glimpse
of the tight. They saw only the clouds of the thick, white smoke
of battle rising from over be>T)nd the islands high in air. Some
thought it was a conflagration.

While the iron clads were attacking, Gen. Hunter landed
4,000 men on Folly Island, with Batteries B and F of the 3d
Artillery, under Gen. Seymour, and posted them behind the sand
hills and a thicket of scrub pine and palmettos at the upper
end of the Island, ready to rush across on pontoons and estab-
lish themselves on Morris Island when the proper moment ar-
rived. The Batteries left their horses on shipboard. Getting
out the prolonges, they dragged their guns and caissons up the
broad, smooth beach to the front, vanishing from the sight of
their comrades on the fleet, who were filled with a generous envy
of their good fortune. Well might they have been, for the Bat-
teries which landed on Folly Island that day were the only ones
in the 3d Artillery that were destined to contribute to the fall of
Charleston.

DuPont, as is well known, failed in his assault that day, and
retired in rage and disgust to the North Edisto.

Gen. Seymour, though just on the point of dashing across
Light House Inlet, on a party of rebels who were firing on his
pickets, was ordered to remain where he was. He accordingly
encamped his troops and waited for further advices. He was
soon after reinforced with 4,000 men, and the Island placed un-
der the command of Gen. Vogdes. On his staft", for a while,
Capt. Jenny was Chief of Artillery.

The transport fleet of the loth Corps lingered in Stono Inlet
till the i2th of April. It then returned to Port Royal. The 3d

INTRENCHING ON FOLLY ISLAND.

177

Artillery was encamped, a portion on St. Helena, the rest under
iMajor Kennedy at Beaufort, S. C. It remained at these places
in idleness till. May, when, upon the appeal of the commanders
of batteries, seconded by Major Kennedy, it was sent back to
Newbern, arriving there about the 23d. Hunter compelled it,
however, to leave behind its guns.

To strengthen the troops on Seabrook Island, (a brigade
under Gen. Stephensofi,) Battery B was transferred there a few
days after landing on Folly. The Battery put its guns into a
line of works around the camp, which was at the south-west
comer of the Island. It had one of two opportunities to face
some rebel pickets to the right about with shell, but had no
regular engagement In June, it was summoned to Morris
Island.

The troops, left on Folly Island April 7th, constituted the ad-
vance guard of Hunter's army in its approaches to Charleston.
Liable to be raided upon at any moment, Vogdes had out heavy
picket parties all around the Island, day and night, and required
Battery F to support with its pieces these parties. The Battery,
in detached sections, kept many a vigil through that and the fol-
lowing two months, with horse's ready hitched, on the edge of
the Island, ready to repel meditated assault. The guns were
shifted continually from place to place. One day they were
brought down to Light House Inlet to fire on a blockade runner
that had got on the bar in the Inlet the night before. The Bat-
tery sent her a few shots, when some newly made redoubts on
Morris Island suddenly woke up into action and began knock-
ing up the sand in the vicinity of the Union guns with heavy
missiles, while a rebel ram ran out from behind an island up the
Inlet and showed a raging desire to get into a fight. Fortunately
Battery F was supported by four 32-pound Parrots, on a low
bluff overhanging the beach, facing Morris Island. Both ram
and rebel batteries were speedily quieted. The latter, however,
did not get over their wrath for many days and shelled Folly
Island vindictively day and night. They seemed to suspect that
all was not quite right on that innocent looking, bushy bluff. In
this they were correct. Early in June, Gen. ^Gilmore had re-
lieved Hunter in command of the Department of the South,
and was now toiling with superhuman energy to erect a line of
works on that bluff, which should command the batteries on
Morris Island, across the Inlet, not over 400 yards away. Everv-
thmg was done under cloak of the night, covering the works by
day with pine branches and brush to conceal them. Whole regi-

178 3° NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERV.

ments were worked every night and all the teams. By the first
of July, forty-seven guns and mortars were in position, including
those of Battery F. The rebels had an inkling of this. Their
shelling was sometimes terrific, and some men were killed in the
Union works. But all had holes in the bluff, and in moments
of danger dodged into them and were as safe as swallows in a
sand bank. The men could feel the ground tremble when the
ponderous mortar shells struck, and more than once Battery F's
men had bombs burst on the bank above them and cover them
thick with sand. Gilmore never allowed our guns to reply, as
he wished to conceal our strength from the enemy. Nor did he
allow the infantry reinforcements he brought up to show them-
selves.

Special Orders, No. 2, on July 9th, Announced, that " The at-
tack on Morris Island will take place to-morrow morning at
break of day, by the opening of our batteries on the north end
of Folly Island."

At 5 A. M. of Friday, July loth, a signal gun from the right
opened the ball. Battery F, under command of Lieut. Birch-
meyer, instantly opened on the enemy's lines on Morris Island,
while the other batteries quickly followed suit. The rebels were
startled almost out of their senses. When the peal of the first
gun was heard, they sprang up from their redoubts and rifle
pits to see where the smoke came from. As other guns opened,
they dropped back, and at first opened only a feeble fire. Firing
soon grew vigorous, however, and heavy. Presently five moni-
tors came up abreast of Morris Island and aided in the good
work for the Union by pouring in an enfilading fire. The duty
of Battery F on this occasion was to shell the enemy's rifle pits,
which it did so effectually as to keep them quiet. Twenty-four
killed and wounded were afterwards found there. The Navy
did well in this engagement, but the 'Army firing was superb.
Our shells rolled over the whole Island, some flying as far as
Fort Wagner at the upper end of it, materially increasing the
panic that soon seized the enemy. After three hours' cannonad-
ing, the rebel fire slackened. Gen. Strong's brigade of infantrv,
which had been awaiting this event, in row boats, then dashed
across the Inlet, charged and captured the rebel's works before
they had time to spike any of their eleven guns therein. It was
an interesting and comforting sight to see our regiments, with
bright muskets and waving banners, taking possession of Morris
Island, which they now did up to within 600 yards of Fort
Wagner, driving the rebels pell mell before them.

We learnt from prisoners taken that day, that the rebels had

ESTABLISHED ON MORRIS ISLAND. 1 79

intended an attack on Folly Island that very morning. They
had sent picked men from Fort Sumter to man their guns. We
captured them. They were a fine lot.

The victory, on our part, was almost bloodless. Our trophies
were nine cannon, two mortars, a quantity of camp equipage and
a large number of prisoners.

On July nth, Gen. Strong's brigade made an assault on Fort
VVagner and nearly carried the works. It reached the parapet
but was repulsed with loss.

The following order was issued on the 12th :

" Headquarters Department South, )

Morris Island, S. C, July 12, 1863. )

Orders : — The Brigadier-General commanding presents his
congratulations and thanks to the army, which he has the honor
to command, for the brilliant victory of the loth instant, which
places them three miles nearer the rebel stronghold of Sumter,
the first among all our country's defenses against foreign foes
that felt the polluting hand of traitors. Our labors, however,
are not over. They are just begun j and while the spires of the
rebel city still loom up in the dim distance, hardships and pri-
vations must be endured before our hopes and expectations can
find full fruition in victory. Let us emulate the heroic deeds of
our brothers in arms at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, and add to
that roll of fame which will be transmitted to a grateful pos-
terity. Special thanks are due Brig-Gen. I. Vodges and his
command for the untiring energy and patient endurance dis-
played by them in creating batteries on Folly Island, under
almost every conceivable disadvantage, and to Brig.-Gen. George
C. Strong and his command, for the heroic gallantry with which
they carried the enemy's batteries on Morris's Island, this being
the first instance during the war in which powerful batteries
have been successfully assaulted by a column disembarking
under a heavy artillery fire.

Q. A. Gillmore, Brig.-Gen. Commd'g."

Morris Island, a sand spit about three miles in length, reach-
ing from Light House Inlet to Charleston harbor, is of a shape
which bears a near resemblance to a bottle. The southern por-
tion of the island is broad, with high wooded sand hills through
the center, margined with beautiful broad smooth beaches. The
upper end is naked and flat, and suddenly contracts into along,
narrow neck, on which, half a mile apart, the rebels had con-
structed the monstrous and powerful earthwork known as Fort
W.igner, and at the extreme north end of the neck the smaller
work, termed Battery Gregg.

l80 3D NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Finding Fort Wagner altogether too powerful to be carried by
assault, the attempt of the nth being repeated on the i8th with
a like result, nothing was left Gilmore but to besiege. No time
was lost. By the 23d, a line of intrenchments was thrown up
for a first parallel clear across the island, and eight guns and
ten mortars placed in position behind it. On that day a second
parallel was opened, six hundred yards in advance, and great
guns vere mounted therein as soon as possible to bring them up.

About July 13th, a section of Battery F, 3d Artillery, was
ordered up from Folly Island and placed in the first — then the
only — parallel, near the extreme right. Within a very few days
the other section came up, placing its guns in the intrenchments
along with the others. It did not require the whole Battery to
serve the guns. The rest encamped some distance in the rear
on the ocean beach. Battery B, 3d Artillery, also came up from
Folly Island, placing its cannon in the intrenchments, two of
them on the right of Battery F and two still further to the right
on the beach. The main body of the men of the Battery en-
camped with F back in the rear. The guns of both B and F,
new-Wiards and Napoleons, were worked by details sent up
from camp, from time to time, under command of a Lieutenant.
With the two Batteries of the 3d New York, and between them,
tin the lines, was the regular light Battery E, 3d United States
Artillery. These were the three light batteries, spoken of in the
official reports of the siege of Fort Wagner as guarding the right
flank of the Union intrenchments so long. They were ranged
along the breastwork in front of and near some 200-pound guns
and other heavy ordnance, set up to batter the rebel forts. It
was their duty to defend this flank of the line, and the great
guns, from sorties from the fort, against which the latter would
have been helpless as they could be depressed enough to bear
on a storming party advancing to their capture. The light bat-
teries were also required to keep down the fire of rebel sharp-
shooters, who lay in battalions on the parapets and traverses
and in the rifle trenches of Fort Wagner, and poured upon our
great guns and our sappers a wicked fire of well aimed musket
balls. The sharp-shooters would set up three sand bags, one
across the others, leaving just space enough to point a ride
through. Our infantry was powerless to dislodge them, tlius
ensconced. When they became too troublesome, the light bat-
teries would open on them with shell and case shot. It seldom
took long to clear away both sand bags and marksmen
eftectually.

When Batter>' B first went up to the front, one night, the

SIEGE OF FORT WAGNER. igl

Lieutenant in command of the regular battery took a fancy to
put his guns into the embrasures occupied by the right section
of B under Lieut. Day. He ordered Lieut. Day to take his guns
out. Day naturally refused. He did not propose to abandon
the post he held in the presence of the enemy, at the will of an
irresponsible Lieutenant, especially as there were no other em-
brasures to point his guns through, and the space of a few rods
only intervened between the spot where he then stood and that
portion of the ocean beach swept by the tides. The regular
Lieutenant again commanded him to move, and turning to his
men ordered them to come and drag out the guns. Day drew
his revolver. He said the first man who laid hand on a gun
should die in his tracks. At the same time Battery B's men all
drew, and a bloody fight would have been precipitated, had not
his pomposity in shoulder straps suddenly comprehended the
value of discretion, and desisted.

The change, however, was ordered in the course of the night,
by the Chief of Artillery, who told Lieut. Day to make a breast-
work on the beach. It was of course necessary to get this done
before daylight. So at it Battery B went. The men drew up
an'old boat which lay on the beach as a foundation, and piled
high a parapet of sand on top of it. Sand bags, to revet the back
of the parapet and the embrasures, could not be got. But
near by was a large pile of small wooden boxes, in which the
shells of the 200-pound guns had come. These the men filled with
sand and used instead of bags, answering the purpose admirably.
The redoubt was finished just at the breaking of dawn, as objects
on the Island were becoming visible in the first beams of morn-
ing. The men of the Battery, exhausted with their hard night's
work, were sitting all around on the parapet, when there vv-as a
flash and a puff of smoke curling from the Fort. The rebels
had a carronade with which they swept the beach. They used to
fire from it half a dozen four-pound balls at a time. All knew
what that flash meant. The rebels had discovered the new
work. The men tumbled every way into the ditch, behind the
parapets, anywhere for shelter, and scarce had they found cover
before chuck ! chuck ! chuck ! and the balls came bounding and
plunging into the work. Before another shot was fired, every
man was in his proper place.

Battery B, supported by three Requa, or " musquito," bat-
teries of rifle barrels, now held the extreme right of the Union
lines.

Battery F, during this siege, was always in the extreme ad-
vance. It was pushed ahead as the intrenchments were dus:, un-

MJ-

l82 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. ' '

til, by August r4th, it was in the advance parallel within 800
yards of the Fort. Its guns were well served, and were thought
so much of that some 30-pound Parrots were removed to make
room for them. Two of the guns of B were also advanced to
the extreme front, from time to time, and did gallant service.
Both were unceasingly under the heavy shelling, which Forts
Wagner, Gregg, Sumter in the harbor, and Johnson on James
Island inflicted upon the besiegers. At times, this shelling was
fast and furious. With our return fire, it filled the whole Island
with wild commotion. It was next to impossible for the men on
the lines to get the slightest particle of rest in consequence.

During one busy period of the siege, a detachment of Batter}-
F did a brave and true service, that called out the following
commendation from Lieut. Birchmeyer, in his otherwise rather
barren official report, viz : " This gallant little band, under Lieut.
VanHeusen, refused to be relieved for several days, until com-
pletely worn out with fatigue and exposure. Through F, the 3d
Artillery gained a good reputation in this Department, owing m
a great measure to the' untiring exertions and distinguished
bravery of Lieut. VanHeusen, commanding the section." To
that reputation, Battery B also contributed in a high degree.

Several 3d Artillery men were wounded in this advance.
Corp. Riley Fancher was touched in the back by a piece of a
shell, Jas. H. Kingsley, the same ; Lawrence McCarthv was
pierced in the right arm with a bullet, August loth ; Darius
Stucker received wounds in hands and arms by a premature dis-
charge, while firing in action, August 13th. One day, when the
200-pound guns were firing, a man in Battery B was wounded in
the calf of the leg by a large grain of powder from one of them.
George Conway, Riley Fai>cher and Mathias Thvson distin-
guished themselves in the trenches for bravery, and were pre-
sented with medals therefor, afterwards. Conway ran out under
fire and stuck a guidon flag into the ground for'the sappers to
work towards.

Battery F, in August, was very short of men fit for duty.
Lieut. Birchmeyer could only relieve the men in the trenches
every third night.

August 22d, Battery B was ordered to garrison Fort Shaw,
Morns Island. The Fort was on the ocean front of the island,
at the lower end. Heavy 64's and 32's were mounted upon it
to command the ship channel leading to Charleston harbor.
The Battery parked its light guns in the Fort and camped there.
It will not be necessary to recount here the details of how
Gilmore pushed forward the siege of Wagner to a successful

CAPTURIl of WAGNER. 1 83

conclusion, spending one week while so doing in pulverizing the
walls of Fort Sumter, with his long-range guns, into a mass of
ruins. It is not in the province of this volume to consider them.
Suffice it to say, on September 6th, our sappers ran their trenches
right up on to Fort VVagner, and next morning the rebels had
fled and abandoned the Island. Our forces took possession,
bringing them over a mile nearer to Fort Sumter and Charleston.

Battery F retired from the lines and took its guns down to
camp.

For the remainder of the year nothing was done on Morris
Island by the United States forces, except to refortify Forts
Wagner and Gregg, and to keep up a steady battering of Fort
Sumter till every wall was reduced to a chaotic jumble of debris.
The only especial service rendered by the 3d Artillery batteries
during this time was to assist in mounting guns and do picket
and guard duty ; also, to run up at night to the beach on the
extreme north end of the Island to fire shell and case shot at
Fort Sumter, to prevent the rebels from building up a rampart
ot sand. A calcium light on Morris Island shot a brilliant ray
across the water and illuminated the Fort perfectly, exposing it
to the unerring aim of our gunners. Battery B, under Lieuts.
Day and Wildt, did much of this duty and caused the rebels
serious annoyance. Some nights, Forts Sumter, Johnson, Moul-
trie, Bee, and the whole circle of rebel works around the harbor,
would open on B heavily and force it to suspend operations.
At such times the scene was inexpressibly grand. The mortar
shells ri^ng in beautiful curves, high in air, could be seen from
the time they left the fiery throats of the ordnance that threw
them forth, till they burst overhead, or fell to bury themselves in
the earth or water. They crossed each other's track and mingled
with those shot in return from the Union batteries on shore and
sea, filling the heavens with meteoric lines of fire. The flash of
the guns and bursting shells illuminated the scene with per-
petual play. These magnificent spectacles can never be effaced
from the remembrance of those who beheld them.

In the latter part of 1S63, Capt. Ashcroft received permission
to recruit his command to an eight-gun battery. He had four
i2-pound Napoleons. He drew four howitzers and some horses.
He then went home to recruit; but the men he obtained were
diverted to the regiment, and the effort fell through. Battery F
was also in the spring of 1864 an eight-gun battery.

In November, Lieut. Day, of Battery B, was promoted to
Captain of F. A thorough overhauling of the Battery followed,
everything being badly run down. Tents, harness, horses and

1 84 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

guns were turned over to the Quartermaster and an entire new
outfit drawn, four Napoleons now being obtained in place of the
Wiards. The new commander now devoted himself to restoring
the ancient magnificent discipline of the Battery with eminent
success. It encamped on Folly Island and a rapid improvement
became visible in its conduct and drill.

In February, 1864, Battery F accompanied an expedition to
John's Island, S. C, under Gen. Schimmelfennig.

This island is a large, well wooded tract, south of the Stono.
containing, on the banks of the Stono, near the ocean, the set-
tlement of Legareville. It is traversed by good roads, leading
among many fine plantations. In February, 1780, the British
General, Sir- Henry Clinton, landed upon it with an army and
marched inland, crossing the Stono at the upper end of the
island, by which means he got in the rear of Charleston and
captured it. With an eye to a future demonstration in fjrce, of
a similar nature to that of Clinton's, Schimmelfennig on Folly
Island was sent over in February, 1864, with his brigade and
Gen. Ames's, to reconnoiter John's Island and see what there
was on it.

The infantry moved on the night of Saturday, February 6th-
It crossed the Stono to Kiowah Island, and moved down the
ocean beach to Seabrook, the following day and ni^-ht. Batterv
F, under command of Capt. Day and Lieuts. Titu's and Clark.
crossed on the night of Sunday. Remaining at the landing all
day, when night came on it made a forced march to joui the in-
fantry. At the little creek, separating Kiowah and Seabrook
Islands, the teams had to be doubled to get the guns and cais-
sons across the ford. Pushing on, at daylight, Tuesday, the
Battery came up with the advance, at Seabrook House, on Sea-
brook Island, near the bridge connecting that and John's Islands.

After a halt of two hours for rest, a regiment of infantry was
thrown out in advance, Battery F following, and the forward
movement began, and at 7 a. m. reached the bridge. Here the
first skirmish took place. A picket of 150 rebel cavalry, under
Major Jenkins, was in a house across the creek and opened a
brisk fire. Our advance charged across the bridge with Batterv

^u ,,'^^fr ''*'^u^ J ^"-'^^ ^"^^^^ ^^^^- ^^y opened on them with
shell. He had his own four guns and two others manned by
colored men. The rebels again retired, skirmishing stronglv.
Some of them were captured. Schimmelfennig directed, the
artillery to remain near the bridge. His infantry pushed on up
the road a ways and also halted. There was considerable skirm-

FIRST EXPEDITION TO JOHN's ISLAND. 185

ishing during the day, the enemy being reinforced by the 26th
Virginia, Col. Page. Battery F came into action several times,
shelling a piece of woods and a house where the rebels were
posted, driving them out in a hurry in both cases, and also
shutting up a 12-pound gun that opened fire on us.

Next morning, the loth. Gov. Wise, in person, with more
troops reinforced the enemy, who then became quite demonstra-
tive. Lieut. Clark's and Lieut. Titus's section shelled them at
different times during the day. Then, seeing their left flank
about to be turned by Schimmelfennig, they fell back to a
place called Cocked Hat.

At noon of the nth, Gen. Schimmelfennig formed his brigades
in line of battle, the left flank under Ames resting on Bohicket
creek. Lieut. Titus was detached to support the. left flank;
Lieut. Clark to support the right. At i p. m. the army moved
forward slowly, a strong line of skirmishers beating up the
woods in front. At 3 p. m. the rebels were emboldened by the
arrival of Col. Colquitt with 900 men to make a stand. They
had two batteries of artiller}'. One of them, the Marion, six
pieces, they placed in a redoubt on the road running near and
parallel to Bohicket creek, and opened fire on Ames's infantrv.
Lieut. Titus's section went to the front on a gallop. The road
led through a tract of woods, and on each side of the road
were ditches, dug according to Southern custom, to answer for
fences. The infantry regiments were in these ditches to keep
out of the cannonade. Emerging from the woods, the section
came in sight of the rebel redoubt, which straightway directed a
rapid fire upon it. Titus took his guns into a field on the left and
sent in his warmest compliments in return. Capt. Day soon
came up with the other two sections, and an artillery duel en-
sued of two hours' duration. Our infantry were engaged only
in small part. The rebel fire was so poor as to inflict no fur-
ther damage on our artillery than to kill two horses, although
the men could hear the hum of nearly ever}' rebel shot, feel the
air of some, and hear them go banging and crashing into the
woods behind. One cannoneer was just touched on the hand
by a solid shot, which glanced from a gun carriage. Another
had a shot pass between his legs. The effects of our fire are
not definitely known. The rebels admit a small loss.

About s 1-2 p. M., an aid-de-camp rode up to Capt. Day, with
the astounding news that Schimmelfennig had drawn oft" his in-
fantry and was marching back to Seabrook. There was not a
Union regiment within a mile and a half of the Battery, while
the rebels were in force not over half a mile away. Had the

1 86 3D NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

latter been aware of the situation and been in possession of a
company of cavalry, Battery F would not have taken back its
guns to Folly Island. Capt. Day instantly ordered Titus's sec-
tion to limber up and go to the rear with all speed. Clark's
section was sent off a few minutes later, the colored section still
firing rapidly. Then the prolonges were attached to these latter
guns. They retired slowly, firing as they went, till they reached
the road, and they too went on a gallop in pursuit of Schimmel-
fennig. As they left the field, they saw in a ditch two Union
soldiers, sitting side by side, with muskets over their shoulders,
but headless, from a cannon shot. They had not moved. Two
other Union infantry men were also killed in the fight.

Our troops were now en route for Folly Island. They were
not molested, but, being fearful of a rear attack, they marched
rapidly, leaving the Seabrook House in flames, and reached
Stono Inlet by the same route on which they had come up, on the
1 2th, about noon.

Battery F on this reconnoissance manifested excellent cour-
age, endurance, and good discipline, and was warmly eulogized
by the brigade commander.

After the expedition, the Battery remained quietly on Folly
Island till April asd, when it embarked on the steamer Dictator
for transportation to Beaufort, S. C. Gen. Gilmore's corps was
at this time preparing to go North to join Gen. Butler in an at--
tack on Richmond. So many troops were withdrawn from Port
Royal that others had to be sent to hold the posts there.
At Beaufort, F encamped, west of the town, on grounds which
Capt. Hamilton's artillery had just left. F took his stables and
pitched its own tents. At this place the Battery drew new cloth-
ing, and was thoroughly drilled and trained. Inspections, re-
views, scouts, target firing and firing salutes in honor of National
victories, were frequent.

May 30th, Gen. Foster took command of the department.
June 30th, at a review before Gen. Saxton, Conway, Fancher and
Thyson were presented with medals for soldierly conduct at the
siege of Fort Wngner.

John's Island was again invaded by the Union soldiery of the
sea islands in July, 1864. This second expedition was made
under the direction of Gen. Foster, then commanding the de- ■
partment. It was made in strong force, with the brigades of
Hatch from Hilton Head, Davis from Folly Island, Saxton from
Beaufort, S. C, and Birney from Florida. A brigade was sim-
ultaneously sent up the North Edisto. to White Point on the

SECOND John's island expedition 187

main land to make a flank attack ; while Schimmelfennig, with a
section of Battery B, 3d Artillery, under Sergt. Fisher^ made a
dash at James Island and the rebel fortifications there. Foster
hoped to bewilder the enemy and divide his forces, and then
pi sh the central column on John's Islandt hrough to the Savan-
nah & Charleston railroad. If not to accomplish this, then at
least to alarm the enemy and compel him to withdraw troops
from Savannah and other points, menaced at the time by our
army.

^ Saxton's brigade reached Seabrook's Island upon this expedi-
tion, July ist, whither it was followed next day by Battery F of
the, 3d Artillery, Capt. Day commanding, with Lieuts. Titus and
Clark and four Wiard guns, in the steamer Wyoming. The
Batter)' debarked and lay on the beach all night, tormented by
musquitoes. At day break of the 3d, it marched with Saxton's
brigade to John's Island, camping on the battle ground of the
previous February. The day was sunny and intensely hot.
Dense thickets, overspreading much of the Island, were too low
for shade, yet too high to admit a free circulation of air ; and
the troops found marching very far from being a gala day affair.
Gen. Hatch came up that day with his brigade and took com-,
mand. The troops from Folly Island also joined here, having
landed on John's Island just below Legareville and made a forced
march. With them was a section of Battery B, 3d Artillery--, un-
der Lieuts. Wildt and Crocker.

On the 4th, the expedition moved forward along the road run-
ning north-westerly through the center of the Island, leading in
the direction of Charleston on the main land. Our advance
kept beating back a small force of rebels who skirmished per-
sistently in the front. It was so hot and dusty that the troops
could go no farther than five or six miles. Many were sun-
struck. A halt was ordered on a large plantation. Faint with
thirst, the soldiers made a rush for the well, which, when the
artiller}' came up, had been pumped dry. Battery F could not
even get enough water for coffee. Some dismaj^ was felt at the
prospect, when relief came from the heavens. Clouds rolled up
and a drenching shower descended on the Island. Battery F
happened to possess some new, clean, white, water-tight canvas
paulins for their guns, in size 16 feet by 12. Capt. Day caused
these to be hung on heavy stakes driven in the ground in such a
manner that they sagged in the middle, forming impromptu
tanks. Water was caught in these by the hogsheads. The
artiller)' men stood guard around them with drawn sabres to
keep off the infantry. They watered their horses, filled can-

f>'J,

l88 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLEHy.

teens and coffee pots, gave some to the Surgeons for wounded
skirmishers, and then turned a large quantity over to the infan-
try who scooped the paulins dry. This water was a welcome
refreshment, for the troops were ready to perish for want of it.

On the morning of the 5th, about six miles more were made.
Battery F had got nicely into camp, when word came that part of
a colored regiment, the 26th, which had been left behind near
the camp of the night before, where a road ran down to a creek
on the left, had been attacked. The rebels brought a battery
down to the creek and opened fire, killing and wounding several.
Battery F was sent back with speed to reinforce them, but the
rebels had fled. A breastwork was then built in the road lead-
ing to the creek and a gun placed there to command it.

Next day, the 6th, the Battery rejoined the column, which had
paused to feel of a considerable force of the enemy that had
gathered from Charleston and was now in its front. Col. Davis,
104th Pennsylvania, held the advance with Lieut. Wildt's sec-
tion of Battery B. There was considerable skirmishing.

The head of the column had now reached a creek, with low,
swampy, wooded banks, crossed by an open plank bridge, be-
yond which, a short distance, on a little eminence, the rebels
had planted a battery of four guns in a redoubt. The road after
crossing the creek ran through low woods and then forked and
curved to the right and left to avoid the hill. To the edge of
these woods, on the 7th, the 26th colored regiment, Col. Silli-
man, was brought to charge the rebel guns. Battery B's two
cannon were ordered up and statio.ned on the left fork of the
.road to deal with them, while the 26th was forming for the
charge. Battery B opened fire with all the fury possible and
then Silliman, emerging from the thicket on its left, charged.
He was repulsed, but formed again and charged fiercely no less
than five times. Upon his brave regiment the rebels turned all
their guns and poured a withering fire. They sent it back every
time, and it finally drew off with a loss of ninety-seven killed
and wounded. 'It was a useless slaughter, for the assault should
have'been made in force. . When too late, Battery F was ordered
up to support it, but the fight was over before it could be brought
into action. Our men called this affair " The Battle of Bloody
Bridge."

Next morning, Battery F was sent to. the front early with dis-
cretionary orders to engage the redoubt and keep the enemy and
his guns quiet. They took the position occupied by B the day
before, and opened a brisk fire. The enemy was silenced. One
of their guns was overthrown by a shot from our battery's left

BLOODY BRIDGE. ign

piece. This little action had additional interest from the fact
that it was in full view of Charleston, whose spires could be seen
by our men. At night, Battery F was withdrawn across the
bridge, which was covered with moss to muffle the sound. It
took up a position in a cotton field on the right hand side of the
road, bordering the creek. B's guns were placed in the road
and trained upon the bridge to cover and guard it. Close up
to the creek, a line of breastworks was thrown up, with regiments
of infantry lying on the ground behind to defend them. The
56th New York, Col. VanWyck, manned that portion of them
directly in front of Battery F.

There was not much sleep among the troops at the lines
along the creek that night. The 3d Artillery officers were par-
ticularly wakeful. That bloody business was on hand for the
morrow, few doubted, and many believed it would come in the
night. Another source of sleeplessness was the shelling of our
position by the rebel Forts Pringle and Pemberton, two'or three
miles to the eastward on the Stono. They knew about where
the Union forces were and all night long, our men, sleeping on
their blankets in the field, could see the fiery track of shells
come over them and hear them explode here and there.

The whole camp was suddenly awakened, about half-past five
next morning, by a loud rattle of musketry in the woods across
the creek, where the 144th New York had been stationed the
night before on picket. The rebels were attacking under cover
of a dense fog. On they came, yelling and firing, driving the
144th in confusion, taking many prisoners. It needed neither
drum nor bugle to tell the camp what was the matter. The first
volley brought every regiment and battery to its feet. The men
sprang to their guns, and the infantry showed a bristling arrav
of musket barrels over the breastworks, and all stood peering
through the gray light of the dawn, which straggled through the
fog, to catch the first glimpse of the tide of battle, which was
filling the woods yonder with discordant din. In a k\v moments
a throng of men in blue, many minus hats and muskets, some
without coats, nearly all without knapsacks, came running down
the road and poured over the bridge pell mell. And after they
had crossed, a dusky mass of rebels filled the roads and woods',
charging to secure the bridge. Then Battery B's gtins opened
with double cannister, and sent into them blast after^ blast of the
deadly hail, which Battery F, in the field on the right of the
bridge, supplemented with solid shot and percussion^hell, and
tlie infantry with a hot fire of muskctrv. The rebels were stag-
gered, and fled before the terrible fire, leaving the ground strewn

'iU''. ; ; '"

IQO 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

with dead. They were reinforced, and again they charged.
Under the fire of infantry and artillery again were they driven
back, and Bloody Bridge was bloodier than when it received its
horrid christening two days before.

Foiled in their attempts to take the bridge by storm, the rebels
now tried to drive us from it by their old game of posting sharp-
shooters in trees, to pick off the men working our guns and the
men in the breastworks. Battery B then elevated the muzzles
of its guns and fired cannister at the tops of the trees, turn-
ing the guns here and there. The sharpshooters were silenced
very soon. In a short time they tried another method. They
brought a piece of artillery to the top of the bank across the
creek, and opened fire at three hundred yards distance, but fired
too high. Our artillery was now trained upon it, and it was
finally toppled over and dismounted by a solid shot from a gun
of Battery B, sighted by Lieut. Crocker. Ricochetting, the ball
struck the gun on the upward bound, the fog lifting enough so
that a clear sight could be had at it.

After this, the rebels persisted in a heavy attack only a short
time, drawing off and leaving only a few sharpshooters to main-
tain appearances while they reformed their battalions. Their
loss in the engagement was 250 killed and wounded. Our loss
was 82. The artillery escaped almost unscatched from the
fight. None were killed and but few wounded.

Our Generals now decided to withdraw from John's Island.
When the battle had ceased, they began to send off the troops,
and by night fall the last regiment was retracing the roads to
the Stono and the North Edisto. It was an unpopular move
with the soldiers, who could not bear to turn back, when the
steeples of Charleston were in sight, and the army defending it
had just been bloodily repulsed. The artillery marched to the
Stono at night, having a very difficult time of it. Battery F going
with the 144th New York. On reaching the landing, Gen.
Foster, who was there on crutches, having been obliged to direct
this movement from the deck of a gun -boat, on account of
wounds, sent for some of the 3d Artillery officers and compli-
mented the batteries highly. He said they had done terrible
execution. Capt. Day, by the way, confidentially remarked to the
General, that he thought " Hatch and Saxton were d — fools,"
and as he was not very sharply reprimanded therefor, it is fair
to infer that Foster was not himself oversatisfied with the results
of the expedition.

Battery B returned to Folly Island ; Battery F to Beaufort,
South Carolin.x.

'l ■ <li

GEN. HATCH S PARTING ORDERS. I9I

July loth, Gen, Hatch, at Beaufort, issued the following
General Order : —

"The Brigadier-General commanding, in parting with the
troops engaged in the late reconnoissance so successfully accom-
plished, desires most heartily to thank all, both officers and men,
for the fine soldierly conduct displayed by them on that occa-
sion. The most exhausting marches under an intense heat, the
necessarily limited supply of rations, and lately fierce attacks of
the enemy, have been met with such spirit, cheerful determina-
tion and unflinching gallantry, as to secure the appreciation and
sincere gratitude of their Commander, and deserve the emula-
tion of all who desire the reputation of good and true soldiers."

The two batteries of the 3d Artillery eminently deserved the
good things said in this Order. They certainly saved the army
at Bloody Bridge.

•0.. ;• ■-■>

J I'-:

192 3^ NEW-YORK VCI UNTEER AUTII LERY.

XI.

NORTH CAROLINA AGAIN.

North Carolina has Thoughts of Returning to the Old Ways — Jetf. Davis Proposes
to Crush that Spirit Out — Gen. Peclc's Alarm — Attack on Newbern of
February, 1864 — Mercereau in the Fight — Capture of the Underwriter —
Kirby in a Tight Place — Fate of the Bay Section — To Virginia — Hoke Turns
Up Again — The Union Cause Surfers — The Yellow Fever — Death of Lieut. -
* Col, Stone — Capture of Major Jenny — Arrival of Recruits — Battery A Goes

to Plymouth — The Night March— ^How a Prize was Lost — Battery I Joins
Frankle — Chicken Raid — Other Raids.

North Carolina in 1863 was on the very verge of returning to

■ the Union. The Raleigh S f andani op^r\\\' pronounced in favor

of going to Washington and making terms for a restoration of

' the original relations to the General Government. The Confed-

; eracy was startled and alarmed. As Gov. Vance said, in a

public speech, Gen. Lee depended on North Carolina for the

support of his army. Should "that State, or its railroads, fail

him, he could not remain in Virginia forty-eight hours." The

Richmond papers called on Jeff Davis to immediately suppress

the Raleigh ^tarUard, while Confederate leaders demanded the

adoption of such measures as would crush out this rising Union

sentiment, which now threatened to paralyze the whole rebellion

if not speedily checked. Jeff. Davis consented.

September 3d, 1863, Gen. John J. Peck, who had been as-
signed by Gen. Foster to the i8th Corps, assumed command of
the army and district of North Carolina, During that month
he made an inspection of the department and advised Gen.

DANGER THREATENING NORTH CAROLfNA. 1 93

Butler and Gen. Foster of an iron-clad ram the rebels were
building on the Roanoke River below Halifax. He applied for
authority to destroy it. A regiment of cavalry could easily
have done this. In November, he again called the attention of
Butler to this new vessel and other threatening preparations ac
various points in the State. It was evident to Gen. Peck that a
combined land and water attack was being planned to drive the
Federals in disgrace from the department. He was able, how-
ever, to effect nothing further than to elicit from Butler a tour of
inspection to North Carolina. That General, with Rear- Admiral
Lee, was at Newbern November 20th, and with Gens. Peck and
Palmer and no end of colonels and statf officers, visited the
camps and defenses.

Gen. Peck was disturbed. Our fortifications were in great
part dependent on our gunboats maintaining possession of the
rivers. But these boats were old, wooden, unsuited to the ser-
vice, and extemporized from New York ferry boats and other
steamers in the greatest haste. There was not a Union iron-clad in
North Carolina waters. There was ground in this for serious ap-
prehension. Gen. Peck accordingly remodeled the system of de-
fenses. At Newbern he built Fort Chase, north of the Neuse ;
Fort Stevenson, on the city side of the river and near the river's
edge, and two works south of the Trent, adding new faces to
some old forts, and, as far as practicable, to the armaments of
all. In short, he knew the rebels were going to attack, and,
like an approved soldier, he industriously and intelligently pre-
pared for it.

The bolt fell in the spring of 1864. A "convention move-
ment" among repentant rebels, to call a convention to decide
upon returning to the Union, was gaining ground in the State.
The uncompromising rebels determined to quell it, and brought
in a large force of troops to overawe it by their presence and
operations.

Just before daybreak of February ist, 1864, Gen. Palmer,
•commanding the Post at Newbern, was informed by telegram
from the outpost on the Neuse road, west of the city, of an at-
tack upon it. It was at first supposed to be a conflict of pickets,
but specific information was soon received that the rebels were
coming down from Kinston in considerable strength. " Boots
and saddles" rang out from the bugles in the artillery camps,
while the long roll roused the infantry to meet impending dan-
ger. There was mustering of regiments, and hitching of horses,
and standing to guns. In less than ten minutes, Newbern was
M

194 3° NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERT.

under arms. Two brigades of infantry then constituted her gar-
rison, with Light Batteries C, (the new C, Capt. Mercer, which
joined October i, 1863,) E, K and I, of the 3d Artillery, the
5ch R. I. Heavy Artillery and 2d Massachusetts Heavy Artillery,
supported by a fleet of wooden gunboats in the river.

The outpost attacked was situated on Bachelor's Creek, about
nine miles from the city, where the Neuse road crosses it, de-
fended by a block house and heavy line of works. The forces
there were the i32d New York, the 12th Cavalry and some com-
panies of the 99th New York and ist North Carolina, 1,500 in
all, under command of Col. Classon of the i32d. Taking ad-
vantage of a foggy morning, Gen. Pickett, with the brigades of
Clingman and Hoke and two batteries of artillery, made a furi-
ous assault Though surprised, the troops at the outpost fought
desperately until a railroad train in the rear was loaded with the
officer's wives and such baggage as could be saved, when they
fell slowly back contesting the way inch by inch.

In response to Col. Classon's telegrams for aid. Gen. I. B.
Palmer, commanding at Newbern, hurried out to him at 3 1-2 a.
M. the 17th Massachusetts Volunteers and a section of Battery
K, 3d Artillery, Lieut. Mercereau. The detachment pushed out
on a trot to within a mile of the outpost, when it met the 13 2d
New York falling back in some confusion across the fields,
closely followed by long ranks of men in gray, reaching as far as
the .woods would permit one to see to the right and left. Mer-
cereau was precipitated into the fight at once. He opened hotly
with shot and shell. For a moment he staggered the rebels, but
they were in strong force, and they swept forward again,
like a tidal wave, loading and firing and cheering, and rolled
everything back before them. Mercereau resisted gallantly, re-
tiring slowly. Every little way he wheeled around and opened
a rapid fire, and at the place where the railroad crosses the turn-
pike, he held them in check till the train came down from the
outpost and got safely past. The rebels were then swarming ail
around him and having given them in all seventy-five rounds of
good Union iron, he limbered up and fell back to the fortifica-
tions at Newbern, arriving at noon. He was the last to leave
the field. He served his guns gallantly in the action and all ad-
mitted that he saved our troops a total capture.

Early in the day another section of K went to the front.
Lieut. McVey came to Col. Stewart with a telegram to Gen.
Palmer, saying Col. Classon wanted a section sent to Beech
Grove. This was another outpost on Bachelor's creek, a mile
and a half north of the one attacked, held by one company of

.au. .•

ATTACK ON NEWBERN. I95

the 99th New York, Capt. Bailey, and one company of the ist
North Carolina. Stewart hesitated. McVey reiterated Gen.
Palmer's verbal orders that two guns should be sent at once,
with the assurance that they would be supported. Col. Stewart
then ordered Capt. Angel to send out a section, and he detailed
that of Lieut. Kirby for the purpose. This was one of the very
finest sections in the regiment, with its handsome steel guns and
magnificent bay horses. A common toast was to " Kirby and
his bay section." The order was obeyed with alacrity. Kirby
was speedily on the road. He followed Mercereau out to a
place where the road forked. Turning to the right, he moved
rapidly to Beech Grove. A few moments later, the tide of battle
rolled by on his left, and up to the forks of the road, and he was
entirely cut off from Newbern.

The outpost at Deep Gully was driven in simultaneously with
that at Bachelor's Creek. The rebels followed it in until they
came within the range of the guns of Fort Totten. They then
came to a halt, and Pickett threw out a line of pickets from the
Trent to the Neuse.

An attack was also made south of the Trent. Our outpost in
that quarter was at Brice's creek, a little tributary of the Trent.
Col. Amory, of the 17th Massachusetts, was in command. A
rebel brigade under Gen. Barton appearing in front of the out-
post, a section of Battery I, 3d Artillery, which was in camp
south of the Trent, was sent out with some of the 19th Wiscon-
sin, to meet it near our blockhouse. The section was under
Lieut. Kelsey. It had been in position but twenty minutes when
the Johnnies opened fire with two or three cannon, strongly sup-
ported by infantry. Kelsey used case shot and shell, knocked
over one of their pieces, and so cut up the infantry that the
rebel advance was arrested. The other sections of I coming
up, there was desultory firing during the day, but no particular
incident. The rebels had no stomach for charging on those un-
erring guns.

As soon as the hea\7 firing broke out at the outposts, New-
bern, as related, was all excitement. All the troops were at
their posts. Expecting momentarily an impetuous attack on the
city, Batteries C and E of the 3d Artillery, and K's remaining
section, and, after its return, Mcrcereau's section, with all the
infantry available, were stationed at the earthworks defending
the city on the west. At intervals they fired a shot 'at the rebel
regiments in the distant woods. It was a gallant sight to see
the gay flags, the myriad muiikets, the blue battalions, and the
grim, quiet cannon, awaiting the enemy behind the earthera

196 * 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

ramparts in proud confidence. To the crowds of officers, field
glasses in hand, who viewed the scene from the big traverse of
Fort Totten, on the lines, it was a spectacle in a thousand. The
gunboats in the river, with their great cannon trained to point
up stream, in readiness for a possible rebel ram, added to the
confidence, which all felt, that should a heavy combined attaci^
be made the enemy would be almost annihilated.

Pickett, wisely, did not assault. Content with driving in our
outpKJSts, he sat down before the city and only gazed longingly
at the grand prize he coveted, but did not dare to attempt to
gain by honest, straightforward work.

The rebels grew more valiant as night veiled the scene, and
a hard rain rendered the darkness Tartarean. They rowed a
number of small boats down the Neuse and surprised one of the
vessels of our too heedless Navy, the Underwriter, which lay
moored within a stone's throw of the Newbern shore, under the
very muzzles of the guns of Fort Stephenson. She was aground
and had no steam up. They set her on fire. The musketry
firing at the first onset called our watchful army instantan-eously
to arms. A short pause, and then a bright glow was seen to
h'ght up the murky air on the river. It expanded and in a few
moments a writhing, crackling, rolling column of brilliant flame
rose from the doomed boat, bearing aloft a torrent of burning
sparks and clouds of dense black smoke. It was a magnificent
fire. It illuminated the city and country for miles around.
Brave hearts beat faster with the joy of battle, as the impressive
spectacle suggested that in the natural order of things an assault
must now be immediately delivered on the lines. But Pickett
refrained and that was the only adventure of the night. One
section of Battery E, Lieut. Fuller, was sent to the right of Fort
Stephenson to sink the gunboat if possible and save her from
the flames. The section perforated her at the water line nith
solid shot ; but she was aground, and of course could not sink.
At 4 A. M. she blew up with a tremendous and beautiful expl'>
sion. Burning beams, cannon, hundreds of bursting shells and
an eruption of embers, leaped high up and flashed brilliantly in
the air, dropping sullenly as they spent their impetus, one by one,
into the river, when darkness closed down again on the besieged
city.

Next dajf, the 2d, the enemy remained inactive in our front.
They engnged our pickets, but showed no fight. The forts and
batteries gave them an occasional shot. Lieut. Sherwood, of
Battery I, across the Trent, had some sparring with a rebel hxv
lery. Ed. Eastham, of I, had his hand blown off by the prema-

FATE OF THE BAY SECTION. 1 97

ture discharge of a gun. The rebels attacked Newport barracks,
towards Beaufort, during the day, and raided the country sur-
rounding Newbern. Flame and smoke in every direction testi-
fied to their setting fire to many buildings. The night of the 2d
was again a wakeful one. Firemen and citizens aided to do
guard duty, and 500 negroes were armed and drilled to reinforce
the infantry. At 10 1-2 p. M. the rebel bands in front of New-
bern struck up some lively tunes and gave the besieged Yankees
a fine serenade, under cover of which they began to make off.
Next day their pickets withdrew and the whole rebel force of
12,000 men vanished entirely.

The Federal batteries and troops remained on the lines a day
longer. They returned to camp on the 4th and 5 th.

But what was the fate of the little outpost at Beech Grove ?
All Newbern felt a painful anxiety on the subject. Lieut.
Kirby, on arriving there, had put his guns into the breastwork,
and Capt. Bailey, the commandant, had thrown out a line of
pickets around the Grove. Various attempts were made to send
men through to our lines without success. The outpost knew
that it was cut off, but laid still all through the ist and 2d, hop-
ing not to attract attention. During the night of the 2d, lights
were seen in the direction of the other Bachelor's Creek out-
post going towards Kinston. Scouts came in to say that the
rebels were retreating. Next morning rebel pickets advanced
upon Beech Grove and a four gun battery was brought up and
trained on it. Lieut. Kirby and Lieut. Fleming went out with a
flag of truce, when, as they went, two rebel regiments rose right
up out of the brush not 200 yards away. It was of no use to
make a parade of defense. Lieut. Kirby was sent back with
word that the Yankees must pack up their traps. Capt. Bailey
surrendered without firing a shot, turning over two companies of
infantry and thirty-five artillery men, with two guns and caissons
complete and twenty-six horses. The " bay section " was only
once again seen at Newbern, and then, a few days later, in
traitorous hands, the rebels bringing it down to shell a cavalry
picket at Beech Grove. After the surrender of the outpost, the
prisoners were marched a few miles towards Kinston. I'he next
day, they reached Kinston and were quartered for a week in the
Court House under guard. A court martial was ordered for the
North Carolina Union prisoners and the pitiless decree of hang-
ing was passed upon them. Twenty-one were hung on one
beam. •

The remaining prisoners on the loth were put on cars for
Richmond. The officers went to Libby Prison, the men to

198 3° NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Belle Isle. The latter were afterwards sent to Andersonville,
where nearly all died. Lieut. Kirby and the officers were sent
to Macon, then to Charleston, and then to Columbia. From
Columbia, Lieut. Kirby made his escape November 29th, 1864,
in company with Coi. Sidney Mead of Auburn, N. Y., Col.
Butler and Lieut. Oliphant. While outside the prison enclosure,
cutting wood, they made off. They traveled by night, helped
by negroes, hiding variously in barns, cabins, the woods, the
mountains, often meeting large companies of other escaping
prisoners in the recesses of the forests, and finally, after a terri-
ble experience of bitter weather and exhausting marches, reached
the Union lines at Knoxville, January 13th, 1865. Government
honored Lieut. Kirby with appointment to the command of the
draft rendezvous at Indianapolis, soon after, but in February he
was ordered to rejoin his regiment.

The men of Battery K who were taken prisoners with Lieut.
Kirby, were : — Sergeants J. W. Bonta, James Close ; Corporals
Lafayette Carr, S. H. Taylor ; Privates Harrison Blazier, Thos.
Clark, Wm. H. Courtney, George Conway, James Campbell,
George A. Carr, Henry Genner, S. E. Griswold, Timothy Gor-
man, Michael Hennessy, James R. Jewell, Joseph Keltenborn,
John E. Leopard, Adam Menzie, W. W. Pease, James Redmond,
Melville Smith, Samuel J. Straley, Alexander Shaw, Dennis
Shehan, O. S. Tripp, Isaac Volmore, John W. Van Buren, Henry
Van Buren, George West, James West, Francis Weeks. After
long incarceration, all of these men, but five or six, died in
Belle Isle and Andersonville prisons, the victims of cruelty and
starvation. They were plain men, but brave and true. They
did not die, as soldiers love to die, on the field of glory, among
white wreaths of smoke, under the blood-red bars of the starry
banner of our country. But their death was equally as heroic.

In this descent on Newbern the rebels captured 280 Federals,
and killed and wounded 100. They lost 35 killed, 100 wounded,
and nearly a thousand deserters, who came into our lines. And
they did not capture Newbern. It was a dear expedition for
them.

Gen. Peck correctly judged that the rebels had come back to
try, by land and water, to repossess North Carolina, and that
this first raid on Newbern was not to be the last. The outworks
were strengthened without delay. Negroes, soldiers, firemen,
and citizenf repaired to the lines with shovel and pick. The
curtains of earth, between forts and redoubts, were broadened
and raised, and new faces and heavier walls were added to the

ARRIVAL OF NEW COMPANIES AND RECRUITS. I99

forts. February 28th, a third each of Batteries K, C, and E,
3d Artillery, were ordered to join in the work. March ist, the
whole of the artillery command, with the exception of park
guards only, was called out. The bulk of it went to some new
earthworks on the right of the Newbern lines, on the Neuse.
The rebels hung around the city all through March and April,
exciting a constant apprehension of attack.

In March, the 3d Artillery was reinforced by the arrival of
459 recruits, the fruit of the recruiting services of Major Theo-
dore H. Schenck. The merit of this able officer had been re-
cognized in November, 1863, by promotion to a vacant Majority.
He had been immediately sent home to Central New York to
recruit, and the result of- his efforts was sufficiently gratifying.
Amongst the new reinforcement were the new Battery D, Cap*.
Van Heusen, which joined on the 21st; and new Battery G,
Capt. Aberdeen, which joined on the 26th. The regiment was
thus raised to ten batteries, 1,500 strong; and that portion of it
actually at Newbern, from 450 to 790 strong.

But now two of the best batteries at Newbern. E and K, were
ordered to Virginia, whither H and M had been dispatched the
previous fall to help Butler in his advance on Richmond. They
departed April 15th, taking guns and baggage. On the iSth,
the new D and G made requisition for muskets, while waiting
for guns, and were assigned a place on the outworks in case of
attack.

On April 20th occurred what Gen. Peck had foreseen. The
rebel Gen. Hoke with 7,000 men and three batteries assaulted
and captured Plymouth, N. C, after three days' fighting, taking
Gen. VVessels with 2,000 prisoners. Co-operating in the attack
was the celebrated iron-clad rebel ram, Albemarle, which drove
our gunboats of wood out of the Roanoke and took VVessels in
the rear.

April 25th, Gen. Peck was called to Virginia. Gen. I. N.
Palmer succeeded him. Three days after, Washington, N. C,
was evacuated by Palmer's order, as, had it been attacked bv
Hoke and the Albemarle he could not have held it fort}'-ei<;ht
hours. And now the rebels prepared for a fresh raid on New-
bern, Hoke to attack by land, the Albemarle to come up the
Neuse, destroy our fleet, and bombard the town in our rear.

Hoke made his appearance May 4th, and drove in our pickets
all around Newbern late at night. This was also done next
morning. The heaviest demonstration was south of the Trent
on the bank of the Neuse, where, just far enough away to be out
oi the range of our Fort Spinola's guns, they tried to plant a bat-

200 3^ NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

tfery to command the river in their old earthworks of 1862. A
small force of cavalry and the railroad monitor engaged them,
and finally our gunboats came up and delivered to them a fire of
loo-pound Parrot shell, which drove them back into the woods.
Heavy firing took place on various sides. The artillery teams
were kept hitched up, ready for a start in any direction.

The rebels did not advance on the city in force, as they were
waiting for the formidable Albemarle. But that mailed monster
never came. On the afternoon of the 5th she started for New-
bern, but our wooden navy met her at the entrance of Albe-
marle Sound, fought her heroically and drove her back up the
Roanoke, where she lay quietly all that summer. She was in
October sunk by our men with a torpedo in the night.

Hoke, not dreaming of the repulse of his main dependence
in this attack, on the morning of the 6th summoned Newbern to
surrender. He asserted that the river and sound was blockaded
by his ram and wished only to save the effusion of blood. The
officers who came in with the flag of truce were boastful, and, in
passing Battery I picked out horses they were going to take
after the surrender. The flag was sent back with a stern answer^
and I{oke immediately slunk off. He left a large number of
freshly made graves behind in the woods where we had shelled
him.

The operations of Grant and Butler in Virginia now compelled
the rebels incontinently to evacuate North Carolina with the
larger part of their force. Their late attentions were now re-
turned by Federal raiding parties into the interior, one of them
penetrating to Kinston. The latter, June 19th, was attended by
two sections of Rittery C, Lieuts. Sandford and Starring. It
captured seventy-nine prisoners, one of whom was Col. Hoke^
brother of the General.

The 3d Artillery still continued to receive recruits through
April and^Iay. It reached the ist of June with an enrollment
of 1,700 men. It had ten batteries, ail mounted, having fifty-
four cannon and over 1,000 horses. The title of the regiment
was still the 2,C^ New York Heavy Artillery. Col. Stewart
applied to the War Department to have the name changed to
Light Artillery, but without success.

July 14th, the 23d and 24th New York Independent Batteries
were temporarily attached to the 3d by order.

August 14th, the troops at Newbern attended the execution,
near Fort Totten, of six deserters from the 5th Rhode Island.
99th New York and 15th Connecticut. Three only were killed
on the first volley. The coup de grace \iz.^ given by a reserve
firing party.

YELLOW FEVER IN NEWBERN. 20I

The army in North Carolina, in the fall of 1864, was ravaged
by an enemy more terrible by far to its gallant warriors, than any
to be encountered on the field of battle. July 23d, Surgeon
Wilson, of the 3d Artillery, announced to Col. Stewart the
appearance in the regiment of a grave type of fever. In August
the yellow fever stalked into Newbern. A commissary ship at
the lower end of the city was first attacked by the grisly des-
troyer, and then the fever leaped ashore, followed up the line of
the Neuse, then the line of the Trent, and soon extended into
nearly every camp at the Post. Over 200 were attacked in the
3d Artillery alone. Col. Stewart, Maj. Kennedy, Lieut.-Col.
Stone, and large numbers of the leading officers had it among
the rest. Lieut. Hillis died of it September 24th. Lieut.-Col.
Stone died of it October 2d. Also sixty men — thirty-seven of
the number being in Battery D alone. They were buried in the
regimental cemeteries. The regiment at one time alone had
three hospitals. An immense panic prevailed in Newbern and
hundreds of the residents left the city for safety. Stores were
closed and business in every department of trade was abruptly
brought to a stand. Drills were also arrested in the camps.
The plague was most gallantly and faithfully fought by the
Surgeons of the Post and several of them lost their lives by ex-
posing themselves to its attacks. During its prevalence great
fires of tar and rosin were burnt in the camps and on the cor-
ners of the streets in the city, every night, to disinfect the air.
The disease was at last got under control, and on October 9th, ^
a heavy frost came to forbid its further spread. In order to
secure the full benefit of this frost, Col. Stewart caused the
stores of Newbern to be opened at night so that a draft of air
might pass through them all. The owners of some obstinately
refused to open them, when the thing was promptly done with
an axe. A guard was set over each store to save it from depre-
dation. Another frost two days after finished the plague. By
October 29th, there was a general resumption of business.

The death of Lieut.-Col. Stone was deeply mourned in the
regiment. He was a brave officer and a gentleman, and ex-
ceedingly popular with field, staff and line. He was uniformly
kind and considerate of others and yet a disciplinarian. At the
time of his death, he was in command of the forts and defenses
north of the Neuse. One of the best incentives to good con-
duct and soldierly appearance was introduced by him to the
regiment, in the early days of the old 19th, and was effective in
their promotion. In detailing from the regiment each morning,
a detachment to do guard duty that day, one man was detailed

3 ■

202 3° NEW-VORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

more than was necessarv*. WTien the guard was inspected, the
man whose arms and equipments were in the best order was
excused from the guard and had special privileges the entire
day. Lieut.-Col. Stone was by profession an editor. Ke was
bora in Auburn and located there, and during his professional
career, beginning in 1837, he was editor at dinerent rimes of the
Fatriot, Ciiyu^a Tocsin and Auburn Dtmocrat, With the latter he
was connected at the outbreak of the rebellion. He was also
Adjutant of the 49th Regiment. New York State Milirla. at that
lime. After his death at Xewbern, resolutions oi respect to his
memory were adopted by his brother officers. His fucerai was
atiendcrd by an immense throng.

In September, Maior Jenny, of the 3d Artillery, was promoted
to Colonel of the 185th New York Volunteers. He had been
serving for several months with credit as Judge Advocate in the
.Army in North Carolina. He now ran up to Fortress Munroe
to see Gen. Butler. While on his way back, on the steamer
Fiinriif, coming through the Dismal canal, the steamer was at-
iicked by guerillas, and he was captured, together witn a r/jmber
of other orncers who were on board. The prisoners were
marched to Elizabeth, where Jenny made his escape in a small
boaL Reaching one of our vessels in the Sound, he was soon
?afc in .Vcwbem. He soon after went nonh to take command
of his re.^menL CapL Wm. J. Pwiggs was promoted to Major
in his stead.

In October, a piece of good fortune befel the regiment in the
form of a fresh accession of recruits, raising it to the marr.in-
crnt proportions of 2.500 men, or eleven fuil barteri.es of artuierw
a br:;:;i(ie in itself, one of the most noble commands in the
whole .N'ortherr. army. The 3d .A.rtiiler\- was then in the height
of iti power. It never had a larger membership than at this
t.rae, though in March. 1865. it had more zuns, viz : 64.

Ara>ng the new recruits was the new Battery .A, heaw artil-
lery, .jn.ier the command of Capt Russell, a fine looking body
of inic.li^'ent. sturdy men from Cayuga county, Xew York. It
rear-hrd .SVwbern on the 20th. Drawing Enfield rifles from the
Oninancc I>rnirtment. it became the garrison of Fort .\nder-
*on. n-.r:h of the .Veuse, where it was thoroughly drilled and
fittcJ f.r active ser\'ice. Battery G had been on duty in the
Fori, but on the arrival of A returned to Newbern.

In ordrr to effect a diversion in favor of Gen.Weitzel. who was
prcpariij to attack Fort Fisher, the Union forces m .Vorth Car-
ol,ni were, in December, 1864, ordered to make a demonscration

FRANKLE S EXPEDITION. 203

in the northern part of the State. Plymouth, a pretty village,
but her houses now full of shot holes, had again fallen 'into our
hands on October 31st, and here was now gathered together for
the purpose of an expedition, the 2d Massachusetts Heavy Ar-
tillery, 9th New Jersey. 27th Massachusetts, 12th New York
Cavalry, Battery A, 3d New York Artillery, and other organiza-
tions, numbering in all some 1,500 men. Gen. Palmer placed
them in command of that slow-moving Dutchman, Col. Frankle
of the 2d Massachusetts, and sent up a gun boat fleet from
Newbern to co-operate.

Battery A, 157 strong, led by Capt. Russell and Lieut. Rich-
ardson, was temporarily attached for the expedition to the 27th
Massachusetts, Capt. Russell being acting Major of the joint
command. Thirty men were detailed from the Battery to work
a section of artillery, under Sergeants Edmonds and Watson.

The expedition started out on its raid December 9th, the land
force moving on roads leading westwards along the south side of
the Roanoke, the gunboats keeping abreast of it in the stream.
A rebel picket guard was dispersed at Gardner's bridge after a
sharp cracking of rifles for half an hour, and the troops camped
that night four miles beyond what was once Jamestown. That
village had been fired on a former occasion and nothing then
remained of it but chimneys. Blackened and specter like, these
still stood in the midst of that scene of desolation. The place
was dubbed "chimney town." Next day, Frankle advanced to
near Williamston, stopping at Foster's Mills, at a bridge over a
creek where the rebels had 200 men and a battery, to dislodge
them and send them flying to the rear. Our infantry turned
out of the road into the fields right and left, under a cannonade,
while our section of artillery came up and gave the rebels a taste
of its quality and our skirmishers pressed down to the creek,
when the rebels experienced a burning desire to leave as stated.

The gunboats were now in an abundance of trouble from the
river being thickly planted with torpedoes. These infernal
monsters were many of them safely picked up and disposed of,
but the Otsego was perforated by one and sunk. At 4 p. m. of
the nth, however, the infantry again advanced. It drove the
enemy's pickets, until, about midnight, it came to some cross
roads in a forest, where there was a little sanctuary called Spring
Green Church, without a house within a mile of it. Here a halt
was made. Frankle matured his plans and the soldiers munched
persimmons and drank coffee. Then the 9th New Jersey, 27th
Massachusetts and Battery .A., under command of Col. Stewart
of the 9th New Jersey, led off to the right, across lots and along

204 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. ' ^

by-paths in the woods, in deep darkness, while the main force
went on, the object of this separation and night march being to
surround the enemy's post at Butler's bridge, where there was a
redoubt, a battery and a regiment or two of infantry.

A darkey acted as guide to the party, 700 strong, under Stew-
art. Having si.xteen miles to make before daylight, the party
marched, as fast as possible. Following a rough cart road
through the pitchy darkness of the woods, it crossed a stream
on a log in single file ; and ere long, bending its course rather to-
wards the Roanoke river, it suddenly emerged close upon the
formidable and celebrated earthworks known as Fort Branch,
built by the rebels on the commanding height at the river side,
termed Rainbow Bluff. In the bright starlight, sentinels mov-
ing to and fro on the Fort could be distinctly made out and great
g^ns pointing over its parapets. Had it not been that other
game was to be flushed before morning, the adventurous little
band might have dashed into the Fort and captured one of the
most noble prizes in North Carolina. But Frankle was awaiting
it at Butler's bridge. The men, therefore, turned the barrels of
their muskets down that no gleam from them might alarm the
Fort, and they held their canteens and the tin cups strapped to
their haversacks tightly so that they might not clatter. They
then stole forward in silence and carried their flag audaciously
through the rifle pits of the rebel work. At length they were led
by their dusky guide out to the road leading down to Butler's
bridge, and far in rear of the rebel outpost upon it, towards
which Col. Stewart now directed their march.

When within a mile of the bridge, the party passed the house
of Col. Hinton, the commandant of Fort Branch. Supposing
that it was a reinforcement which had been sent for and was
hourly expected, Hinton, overjoyed, mounted his horse, and rode
down after it. Coming up, just as a halt had been made to re-
connoitre, he approached Capt. Russell. Said he: "Never so
glad to see you in all my life. I expect fun down here in the
morning." Russell quietly said in reply : " The Colonel wants
to see you," pointing to where Col. Bartholomew, of the 27th
Massachusetts, was standing. Col. Hinton rode on, and, a few
moments after, Col. Bartholomew had a hand on the astonished
Confederate's bridle, and was breaking to him the intelligence
that he was a prisoner.

It was just dawn. We were so near that we could see the
rebel camp fires through the trees, and the log huts in which,
400 strong, they were sleeping. Frankle was by agreement to
be at this hour in the rebel front. Stewart displayed his party

SURPRISE OF butler's BRIDGE. 2O5

in line of battle, and moved rapidly forward through the woods
and brush. A rebel picket fired on the line and ran.
A volley rang out on the morning air in return, and the
lads in blue, struggling through the thicket, charged into the
camp. The rebels poured out of their huts in the utmost con-
fusion, and ran precipitately in all directions, without firing a
shot. A number of prisoners were taken. Our line was dis-
arranged in the charge, and before it could be formed for a fur-
ther advance, the rebels had drawn out their battery from the
redoubt, which was a short distance beyond the camp, had har-
nessed the horses, and in a moment later thundered across the
bridge in retreat. Surely now their capture was certain, for
they must fall a prey to our regiments on that side the creek.
But no. The old Dutchman let them go through his lines, and
saw them fly by on the frozen road in the direction of Tarboro,
without lifting a musket at them. Before he could realize or
act upon what had happened, or at least before he did, the pan-
orama was over. The indignation of the party, who had so
handsomely fianked the rebel position, and had so nearly bagged
the guns, was inexpressible. Had the 2d Massachusetts but
shot the horses, nothing could have saved that battery from
certain capture. Battery A lost in this affair private Nelson
Mosher taken prisoner.

After the dispersal of the rebel outpost, there was a short
halt, to consider what to do next. The troops snatched a break-
fast, while Frankle was making up his mind. It then appearing
from indications in the direction of Fort Branch that the rein-
forcement Col. Hinton expected had at last arrived, it was de-
cided to retreat. A forced march was made to Williamston, the
cavalry covering our rear and fighting alt the way. For those
who had been tramping all night, this was a terrible march. The
roads were frozen and rough, and so cut up their shoes that
scores, ready to drop with fatigue, staggered along almost bare-
foot, and left the road imprinted with blood. Battery A suffered
severely ; this being its first march, and being already worn
out with its previous sixteen hours of arduous exertion. The in-
dignation against Frankle was extreme. No wonder that upon
the final return to Plymouth, some of the gth New Jersey boys
put a 100-pound shell under Frankle's quarters, to blow him up,
though the attempt was happily frustrated by discovery. The
troops reached Williamston, thirty miles from Butler's bridge, at
8 p. M.

Next day, the weary expedition marched to Jamestown, upon
reaching which 500 were found to be so disabled by cold,

206 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

wounds, frozen extremities and lacerated feet, that they were eni'
barked on gun boats and sent to Plymouth. What remained of i
the force, including fifty of Battery A; was then taken fifteen !
miles up the river to Cedar landing. Here the soldiers j
did heavy guard and picket duty, their labor occasionally spiced i
with foraging for chickens, while officers and speculators foraged !
for cotton. Batter}'' A quartered in the large barn of a splendid !
plantation, and solaced its grief at the stupidity and incompe^
tency that reigned in high places, with a rather more generous
fare than the regular commissary provided and by luxuriating i
at night in corn husks four feet deep on the barn floor, j

A few days later the whole expedition went back to Plymouth. \
There it found reinforcements, am^ng them Battery I from New- \
bern, four guns, under command of Capt. Clark. Several days i
of rest ensued, during which the deserted village was nearly j
pulled down for fire wood. On the 29th, a heavy scout was i
sent out again to Jamestown, accompanied by Battery I. The i
boys called it the "chicken raid," as there was no fighting ex- j
cept a brush between the cavalry and some guerrillas, and the
distinguishing feature being havoc amongst the poultry. On the
31st, the chickens having been valiantly defeated, back marched
the expedition in a torrent of rain. Battery A returned to
Newbern, January 7th.

On the 19th of January, Frankle embarked his troops for a
demonstration on the Chowan River. A gun from Battery D
and one from the 23d Battery came up from Newbern to take
part. A landing was made at Point Comfort, four miles below
the town of Colerain, on the Chowan, on the 20th. Colerain
was occupied that evening. Rams and railroad bridges were the
ostensible object of this movement — cotton and tobacco the
actual one. The troops remained in the vicinity of Colerain.
From time to time a movement was made in the direction of
Edwards's Ferry and Winton, and several skirmishes took place
with a force of rebels who kept sharp watch of Frankle's pro-
ceedings and skirmished with his pickets. Battery I was en-
gaged several times. It won the praise of all officers, and even
of the "old Dutchman" himself, for its accurate and elTective
firing. After parading around the country, without particular
result for some weeks, Frankle was finally cooped up at Point
Comfort by the enemy and finally retired in disgust to Plymouth.

On the 8th of March, Battery I embarked for Newbern, pur-
suant to orders from Gen. Palmer. It was preceded thither by
the gun of Battery D.

CO-OPERAl ING WITH SHERMAN. 20/

XII.

CO-OPERATING WITH SHERMAN.

Battery F at Jacksonville — Beauties of the Region — Titus's Thanksgiving Dinner
— Foster to Co-operate with Gen. Sherman — Getting Ready for the Expedi-
tion— At Boyd's Neck — A Day Wasted — Advancing on Grahamville — Battle
of Honey Hill — Death of Wildt — B and F in the Fight — Foster Tries Again
— Advance to Devaux Neck — F in a Hot Skirmish — Shelling the Railroad —
Sherman Heard From — B Comes Up — Evacuation by the Enemy — Sherman's
March to the North — Hatch Advances on Charleston — Bringing in Deserted
Guns — The 3d Artillery in Charleston — Carrying out Flags of Truce — Cap-
ture of Gov. Magrath.

On the 5th of September, 1864, Battery F, 3d Artillery, then
lying quietly in camp at Beaufort, S. C, was informed by Gen.
Foster that it was relieved of duty in the district of Beaufort, and
would proceed at once to join Gen. J. P. Hatch at Hilton Head.
On the 13th, the Battery was ordered to Florida as part of the
4th Separate Brigade of the Department of the South. It went
aboard the transports Canoniais and jVeptum, leaving behind its
tents, and on the 14th entered St. John's river, Florida, a most
enchanting stream. Twenty miles from the mouth, it debarked
at the once beautiful old town of Jacksonville.

Though boasting a population of 1,500 at the outbreak of the
war, several hundred more than any other town in the State,
Jacksonville was now in ruins, a desolate place, with but a mere
handful of inhabitants. It had been burnt in March, 1S63, upon
its evacuation by three of our Union regiments, who had been
holding it as a recruiting station for negroes. It was again de-

208 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

vastated by fire in February, 1864, when Gen. Seymour landed
on his expedition into tlie interior, which ended in the disastrous
defeat of Olustee. |

Battery F, on landing, went through the town and was assigned 1

a camp ground in the northern suburb near the river, which i

was just over a knoll from the camp. Here two barracks were |

soon built, with a stable for the horses, all very comfortable j

quarters. The guns were parked by the side of the stable. |

The scenery of Florida and the climate are proverbially lovely, \

yet it cannot be said that the 3d Artillery boys fell very power- ]

fully in love with the peculiarities of the region about Jackson- \

ville. Alligators and snakes were unpleasantly numerous. Liz- }

ards ran over the men's faces at night and with the snakes
invaded their knapsacks. Musquitoes buzzed and stung inces-
santly. And as for the fleas, the boys used to say, that you
might pick up a handful of sand and when the fleas had all run
out, you could only see what was left by the aid of a microscope.

In October, Capt. Day left for home on a furlough, leaving
Lieut. Titus in command of the Battery. Many recruits were
received while here and by November the Battery mustered 167
strong, more than the regulation number. It made a splendid
appearance on parade, where its fine discipline and rapidity and
accuracy of maneuvre were always the topic of admiring com-
ment. November 20th, the troops at the post united in a re-
view. The brigade was formed, therefor, from right to left, in
the following order: liattery F, 3d Artillery; 75th Ohio, 107th
Ohio, 3d U. S. Colored Troops, 35th U. S. Colored Troops, 34th
U. S. Colored Troops, 4th Massachusetts Cavalry.

The 24th of November was Thanksgiving Day. Lieut'
Titus was a favorite at the Post and many courtesies had from
time to time been tendered him by the officers there, in return
he had invited all the prominent ofiicers at the Post to dine with
him on Thanksgiving. The repast was spread in a little mess-
house in Battery F's camp, set apart for the commissioned
officers. For warriors in the field, the fare provided was of a
luxuriant order. It consisted of the traditional Thanksgiving
poultry, with beef, hot rolls, soft bread, champagne and an im-
mense pile of oranges at each end of the plain wooden table,
which it burdened. It was near sundown. Twenty or more
blue-coated, shoulder-strapped soldiers thronged the little mess-
house, and, while chatting merrily, strove to conceal the im-
patience with which they awaited the arrival of the Assistant-
Adjutant-Cieneral of the Post, who was a little late and alone
delayed the onslaught. That dilatory individual at length gal-

TITUS S THANKSGIVING DINNER. 2O9

loped into the camp, attended by two Orderlies, eacli of wiiom
had a bunch of mysterious but unmistakably official-looking
envelopes under his arm. The company began to chaff the
Adjutant-General on his unsoldierly tardiness, when good fare
was in question ; but the smile died from every face as those
mysterious packages were produced and one tossed to every
officer commanding a regiment, battalion, or battery. Hastily
torn open, they revealed orders from Gen. Foster to march that
night, with secrecy and dispatch, and with other injunctions that
left no doubt but that serious business was afoot for all. So
sudden, so incongruous with the occasion was the news, that a
chill fell on the festivities as though the specter of Death had
entered upon the scene. One brave fellow, who had faced
peril calmly in the hottest of the fight many times before, and
who did his duty bravely on that, to him, fatal afternoon a few
days later, shuddered as he gazed on the envelope on the table
before him, and said, " My God, have I got to go too ?" The
Thanksgiving dinner was a changed affair. The bounty of
Battery F was quickly discussed, and the officers hurried away
from it as early as possible to attend to the duty of mustering
their commands for the expedition.

About the middle of November, 1864, Gen. Foster, command-
ing the Department of the South, received intelligence from
Washington, that Gen. Sherman had left the city of Atlanta, Ga.,
with 65,000 men on his great March to the Sea. Nothing had
been heard of his whereabouts since November nth. He was
in the heart of rebeldom and making for the coast. It was ex-
pected that he would reach the coast about the 30th of the
month, in the vicinity of Savannah. Gen. Foster was directed
to co-operate in the great campaign. As the city of Savannah,
with its treasures of cotton and military stores, was Sherman's
real objective point, it was essential that the rebels should be
crippled in any attempt they might make to concentrate an army
there. Foster was accordingly ordered to collect every man he
could spare from the garrisons of his department, to move out
to the Savannah and Charleston railroad, take possession, and
destroy it, by which means he would be virtually in the rear of
Savannah, and Charleston also, and might compel an evacuation
of both.

The resources of the Department of the South were at this
time very slender, for the bulk of its troops had gone to Vir-
ginia, to fight under Gen. Grant. Foster could spare only 5,000
men for the expedition, and half of these were black. But they

2IO 3^^ NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. •

were brave,, well-trained men, veterans, and ready to encounter
the deadliest perils for the beloved cause of the Union.

These troops Gen, Foster secretly assembled on shipboard, at
night, at Hilton Head, where they were brigaded under Gens.
Hatch and Potter. Among them were two batteries of the 3d
New York Artillery, whose good fortune it ever seemed to be to
engage in great and honorable campaigns. They were Battery
B, Capt. I^Iercereau, with four 12-pound Napoleon guns, which
had been brought down from Fort Shaw, on Morris Island ; and
Battery F, Lieut. Titus, with four Napoleons, from Jacksonville.
The movement began at 2 a. m. November 29th,

Pursuant to orders issued the evening before, captains of ves-
sels were on the alert ; and when, at the appointed hour, a red i
and white light shot a brilliant ray over the silent harbor, that I
portion of the fleet bearing the infantry hoisted anchor as noise- \
iessly as possible, and immediately moved in single file up the \
river. The artillery followed at daylight. The fleet rendez- \
voused at Boyd's Neck, twenty miles from Hilton Head, a long,
broad point of land, between two streams, projecting into the
river from the western shore, where a good wagon road comes
down to the water from the village of Grahamville, ten miles
distant, in the interior. When the artillery arrived, the princi-
pal part of the infantry had marched into the country. A few
regiments still lingered under the mossy live oaks at the landing,
and they were joined at night by the artillery, which disem-
barked at an old dock repaired for the purpose by the soldiers,
and went into bivouac for the night.

The first day of the expedition was wasted in an empty
march. That morning, when enough troops were ashore, Fos-
ter had ordered Gen. Hatch to push forward to the railroad in
the vicinity of Grahamville, with all celerity, take and hold it.
Mistaking the direction, owing to insufiicient knowledge of the
topography of the region, Hatch, when he had marched out to
the first cross road, which proved to be the direct turnpike be-
tween Savannah and Coosawhatchie, turned north. He sur-
veyed the country in that direction for several miles, when he
discovered his blunder and hastened back to the junction of
the road running to the landing. He was there joined by Gen.
Potter. All then marched two miles south, when, turning a
corner to the right they entered the correct road and struck out
for Grahamville. But it was too late in the day to retrieve the
unfortunate error of the forenoon. Night came on, and Hatch
fell back to the road junction opposite the landing, for the
night. By this day's blunder, Foster's plans were revealed to

ADVANCING ON GRAHAMVILLF. 211

the enemy, and they industriously employed the night to his
disadvantage.

The advance moved forward again at daylight on the 30th,
the first brigade supported by Battery B, 3d Artillery, the second
by Battery F.

Passing down the Savannah turnpike, through groves of live
oak and pine, and among plantations of cotton, the infantry, ar-
tillery and cavalry moved in a splendid pageant in solid column
on the road, with along line of skirmishers on each side in front.
About 8 o'clock, the 127th New York in the extreme advance,
became briskly engaged with the enemy's picket line. On ap-
proaching the corner of the straight road to Grahamville, two
guns posted near the junction opened fire across the intervening
field with intent to plough our advancing columns in the direc-
tion of their depth with 12-pound projectiles. At the same
time, a rank growth of grass and vegetation in a cotton field by
the side of the road was set on fire. But neither the rebel shot
nor the clouds of smoke and sparks that the wind blew down
upon us sufficed to stay the army of freedom. Our brave skir-
mishers went steadily through the burning field ; and now the
advance section of Battery B, commanded by Lieuts. Wildt and
Crocker, came up and took position in the road, under direction
of Lieut.-Col. Ames, Chief of Artillery, and sent in twenty well
directed shots in return for those with which the Johnnies were
complimenting us. The rebels' discretion suddenly overcame
thejr valor. They ceased the combustion of hostile gunpowder,
in acknowledgment of the superiority of our Napoleons, and
trotted off with great speed. Their infantry now contested the
advance of our skirmishers with spirit, but without success.
The 127th New York, 144th New York and 32d Colored, fought
them bravely and the rebel banners gave ground and retired to-
wards Grahamville, a distance of two or three miles. In this re-
treat, the rebel battery made one more stand and sent a few
wandering shots howling down into our vicinity. Wildt's sec-
tion again engaged them, working its guns in splendid fashion.
A few rounds sufficed to rout them and they beat a hasty exit
from the scene through some gloomy woods that enveloped the
road in their rear. The celerity with which they were driven off
excited the admiration of Gen. Foster, who complimented Bat-
tery B for it heartily.

During the artillery duel, Battery B lost that brave and faith-
ful soldier, Lieut. VV^ildt. A solid r 2-pound shot struck him
in the left groin, inflicting a terrible wound, and then bound-
ing on, slew a horse and a poor fellow amongst the infantry.

212 3D NEW-fOKK VOLUNTEER AKTILLERV,

•

Wildt staggered back as be received his wound and fell do\Tn
in the road, calling to Lieut. Crocker that he was hit. A
stretcher was quickly brought and he was conveyed to a little
church in the rear, which the Surgeons bad cleared of seats
and converted into a hospital.

The rebels, now falling back and being strongly reinforced,
made a stand at an eminence just beyond the woods, called
Honey Hill. To obtain possession of it, a sanguinary battle
was fought, lasting till night fall, the Hill being directly in
the path to Grahamville, which lay three miles distant in its
rear. It was a position of undoubted military strength. In
front it was protected by a wide swamp, overgrown with the
inevitable Southern underbrush, giving concealment to a legion
of sharp-shooters. A sluggish creek flowed through the swamp
andj was passable with ease at only one point where there
was a rude bridge of wood. The Hill itself was covered with
a profuse sprinkling of bushes and trees, and its crest was
defended by a redoubt, with long rifle trenches on either flank.
These were now manned by a rebel brigade under Gen. Gustavus
W. Smith and Gen. Robertson, ready to supplement the advan-
tages of its position with all that could be done with 2,000
muskets and nine pieces of artillery. The artillery Avas placed j
in front of the redoubt, owing to some defect in the construction 1
of the work. It was trained so as to rake road and bridge. 1

Following the enemy sharply through the woods, the brigade j
of Gen. Hatch formed line of battle along the western border j
with the right wing thrown out along a rough wagon path that |
branched from the main road at this point. The 55th Massa-
chusetts, Col. Hartwell, was sent forward to see what there
was on the Hill. It was a negro regiment It performed
its loyal devoir in a manner that e.xcited the admiration of
every beholder, although its dashing charge ended in disaster.
Col. Hartwell brought his banners to the front. " Follow your
colors, my men !" he cried. The blacks swept forward with a
rousing cheer. Some of the companies made straight for the
swamp and floundered through ; some rushed across the bridge.
Upon all, that terrible battery on the Hill hurled shot and shell
and cannister with staggering eflect. Scores of brave fellows
were bowled down by the iron balls and were left writhing
on the ground as the rest of the line ran on. Col. Hartwell's
horse was blown to pieces by a load of cannister and fell,
pinning the Colonel down in the mire. The gallant blacks
wavered not a moment They dashed on. They were almost
in the works. Lookers on, with their hearts in their throats.

) Al

STORMING THE ENEMY's WORKS. 21 3

gazed breathlessly to see them gain the Hill, when so withering
a fire was concentrated upon them that they paused. They lost
what little formation they had, broke, and were driven back in
confusion to the friendly shelter of the woods. Col. Hartwell
was extricated in the retreat. The rebels flocked out of their
works and charged after the 5 5 th, but were suddenly driven
back by our musketry.

This charge made manifest to our Generals the difficult char-
acter of the task before them. If the Charleston and Savannah
railroad was to be broken that day, the utmost resources of the
army were to be employed to capture the Hill. The first mea-
sure was to order into action the artillery. Lieut. Crocker's
section of Battery B were the nearest guns at hand. By direc-
tion of Gen. Hatch, Lieut. -Col. Ames moved them at once down
to the forks of the road, the only place in which artillery could
be put. Here, six hundred yards only from the enemv's guns,
they were commanded to shell the works and make themselves
as useful as possible to our attack. The horses were sent to the
rear^ for safety, the guns were shotted, sighted as accurately as
the intervening branches of trees would allow, and then rang' out
their angry salutation. As their familiar thunder broke out
amidst the vollies of musketry, the infantry, which had been
fretting under the fire of the Hill, could no longer restrain its
enthusiasm. Regiment after regiment charged forward to storm
the works, the 127th New York, the 32d Colored, the 35th Col-
ored. One after another, however, they were beaten back.
Disordered in forcing a passage through that deadly swamp,
which, that day, fought as hard for treason as the traitors them-
selves, they only got through it to have cruel havoc wrou^rht in
their ranks by the rebel guns, and were hurled back with loss, in
more or less confusion. The rebels always charged back.
Several times they came across the bridge, and through the
clouds of smoke could be seen by the men of Battery B, press-
ing forward on our lines. Crocker, meanwhile, had been joined
by Capt. Mercereau's section, and the four guns, rapidly worked,
bore a prominent share in repelling the enemy's assaults. These
guns were in a very dangerous situation, being under an unre-
mitting fire of the rebel cannon and sharpshooters. Obscured
by smoke and shrubbery', their exact position was as difficult to
make out, however, as that of the rebel battery on the hill,
and they escaped comparatively unscathed, though the rushing
nail of bullets slashing the foliage and whistling about their
heads, and the great balls that fiew crackling through the woods
behind every moment threatened to annihilate them. In this

214 3D NEW-TORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLEKT-.

action Privates Dinehart, Branch, Miller, Greening, Crrss, Frii>-
gle and Heathers received honorable wounds. Lieut. Crocker
was also- wounded. He was shot in the right eye with a musket
ball, but he wrapped a handkerchief around his head and fought
bis guns fot an hour after the hurt. Capt. Mercereau said c^
him in a report to Col. Stewart: "I never saw one display
more cool judgnrvent and bravery than he during the whole en-
gagement."

The battle went on with unrebating energy until 2 p. m. The
fighting was all at close quarters, like that of gladiators in the
arena, and the firing, with the resounding woods on all sides to
reverberate the noise, was terrific. At times, volley after volley
would ring along the whole line, the artillery crashing away in
the center. Then, for a while, only the sputtering fire of sharp-
shooters, to be succeeded again by strong steady firing. By 2
p. M. Battery B was in a state of complete exhaustion from its
arduous exertion since morning. Ammunition was nearly ex-
pended, and one of the guns had recoiled into the ditch by the
roadside, whence the men did not have the strength left to ex-
tricate it. The Battery was then relieved from duty, Battery F
being ordered up to replace it. Its conduct throughout the
fight had been all that could be required of daring men, and its
officers had been conspicuous for intrepidity.

Battery F, on a little knoll, away to the rear with the reserve
infantry, had been momentarily awaiting a summons to come
to the front. Orders came at last The bugle sounded.
Gunners scrambled to their places on limbers and caissons, the
drivers applied the whip, and the Battery went up two miles and
a half on a run, the infantry opening to right and left to let it
pass. It was a reckless pace on that rough corduroy road, with
deep ditches gaping to receive any stumbling team. But the men
held on with all their might to keep their seats, and the drivers
guiding their teams true, they arrived safely at the scene of the
conflict. Just as they came up, a limber chest of Battery B ex-
exploded, hurling Lieut. Breck roughly to the side of the road,
badly burning his face and hands. Only one of B's guns was
firing, and that at intervals. The rest were too hot to be ser-
viceable, and Lieut. Titus caused them to be drawn to the rear
by means of the prolonges, soldiers and negroes lending a will-
ing hand to the ropes. Titus's pieces were then run up and
opened fire on the Hill, which still defied our hardest assaults.
Battery F had the satisfaction of perceiving that its attentions
were a serious annoyance to the rebels, for they subjected it to
a furious fire in return. The first gun discharged drew down

FOSTER FAILS TO CARRY HONEV HILL. 21 5

such a Storm that nearly every man serving it was wounded.
The firing lent renewed vigor to our infantry attack, and every j

effort that the sagacity of our Generals could suggest, in view of i

their limited resources and the nature of the ground, was put j

forth to dislodge the enemy from the Hill. Battery F wis i

worked in a rapid and handsome manner, and, with Battery B, 1

made for the 3d Artillery a brilliant reputation in the Army of i

the South. Sergt. Harrington and Privates Vandenberg, Gri- j

ner and McKue were the most seriously wounded. I

At nightfall. Gen. Fo'ster relinquished the attack on Honey j

Hill, finding the resistance opposed to his advance by the rebels !

too obstinate to be overcome by the forces at his disposal. The \

troops were ordered back to the vicinity of the landing, and j

slowly retired. Lieut. Clark, of Battery F, remained with two j

guns to come on at the same time as the rear guard, and was |

the last to leave the bloody field. The artillery men were so j

tired that many, both drivers and cannoneers, fell asleep while j

marching to the landing. I

Gen. Foster lost in this affair 746 men, in killed, wounded and j

missing. The rebel loss could be scarcely less. In the 3d Ar-
tillery, fortunately, there was but one death, but that the death
of a brave and loved officer. Lieut. Wildt expired a few hours
after the amputation of his leg by the surgeons. Of Lieut.
Titus's Thanksgiving party of officers at Jacksonville, few es-
caped without wound, and some were killed.

For five days Gen. Foster remained on Boyd's Neck. He
threw up intrenchments at the junction of the road from the
landing with the Savannah and Coosawhatchie road, and manned
them with Batteries B and F, and held the position against the
enemy who advanced upon it and skirmished strongly for several
days. To attract the attention of Gen. Sherman, should his
troops be approaching this part of the coast, he sent up rockets
and balloons at night and burnt calcium lights. December 3d,
he took four regiments and a section of Battery B for a tour of
observation to the north toward Coosawhatchie. The enemy
was met in small force. Battery. B and a section of the 3d Rhode
Island routed the opposition, when the reconnoissance returned.
On the 5th, an expedition was again started for Coosawhatchie,
supported by Battery F, having for its object the breaking of the
railroad at that point and the burning of tie bridge. Five miles
out, some rebel earthworks were encountered. A few shots were
thrown into them without drawing out a response. A deserter
then came in witii information that there was a large force at
Coosawhatchie and the expedition fell back to camp.

(■■;■. •■'\ '

2l6 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY,

On the 6th, Gen. Foster renewed his attempts on the railroad.
The brigade of Gen. E. E. Potter and Battery F, 3d Artillen,-,
were taken up the river on gunboats to a long, narrow peninsula
between Coosawhatchie and Tullifinny rivers, termed Devaux
Neck. The brigade landed in the forenoon, surprising some of
Gen. Hardee's Georgia troops, capturing the flag of one of the
regiments, and driving them a distance of four miles up the
peninsula, as far as the wagon road which crosses it running
from Coosawhatchie to Charleston. The point was within half
a mile of the railroad. Battery F landed in the night, which was
rainy and cold. Moving out to the front, in darkness that con-
cealed every vestige of our army entirely from view, it at last
came up to a party of officers sitting under a tree. Lieut. Titus,
who was in command, hailed them. Gen. Potter was there and
was mightily glad to see the artillery ; he at once sent it into
an open lot on the right of the road, directly in rear of the 56th
New York, which lay in the grass asleep. The Battery laid by
its guns all night, without unharnessing, and could hear car's
running on the railroad every hour.

Early in the morning our position was energetically attacked
by a strong force of the enemy, who came up under cover of a
fog, to the edge of a heavy piece of timber not sixty yards awav,
extending nearly to the railroad. The engagement lasted four
hours. Half that time the rebels were within point blank rifle
range, in the woods, and firing on the Battery, which had no other
protection than that which was inherent in its ammunition. The
enemy first tried a flank movement on Potter's right. Being
repelled, they tried his left, but were driven by the reser\'e. The
Battery was once left without infantry' support and had to skir-
mish for itself, which it did with excellent success, its cannister
clearing out every rebel from its front. It did good execution.
One of the guns laid low ten of the enemy with one shot, a
spherical case, which is a shell filled with bullets. Bossier was
slightly wounded during the fight and a horse was killed. These
were the only casualties in the Battery. The brigade lost 80.
Finding Potter invincible, the men in gray suddenly retired with
ranks smaller by 100 killed and wounded for their pains.

Next day, the 8th, Gen. Potter had works made for Battery
F's better protection.

It was no part of Gen. Foster's plans to remain so near the
railroad and allow the rebels to work it day and night, under his
very nose, with impunity. Off towards the left, in the direction
of Coosawhatchie bridge, there could be made out, even with
the naked eye, some very formidable works, built in the form of

ON DEVAUX NECK. 21/

four half moons, interlapping. It would not do to assault these
works, but there was a way of rendering the railroad useless to
the Confederates and steps were now taken to make it so. On
the 9th, Battery F opened fire on the railroad, right and left,
giving the guns'a good elevation, while a large force of pioneers
went forward in front and cut a wide slashing through the woods
to unmask the railroad. The Battery fired off a large lot of
damaged ammunition and kept at work till sundown, when the
slashing was completed. Our pioneers in retiring provoked a
charge from the enemy, which was repulsed with great loss.
Thenceforward the railroad was under fire from our guns, and
whenever a train ventured by, day or night, it was shelled. Sev-
eral capital shots were made and cars and engines smashed
thereby.

On the loth, the horses of Battery F were unharnessed for the
first time since coming on to Devaux Neck. It had not before
been deemed safe to take their harness off, lest emergencies
might arise requiring a sudden move. The men had slept at
their posts. On this day, distant heavy booming of cannon
was heard in the south and the army knew that Sherman had
come down to the sea. He was indeed before Savannah. Ac-
curate tidings of it reached Boyd's Neck on the 12th and Gen.
Foster ran down on a gunboat to open communication with him
by water, which he did next day.

About this time, Battery F received an accession of twenty-
five recruits.

On the r4th, tidings came of the capture of Fort McAllister
at Savannah the day before. All the troops turned out to cheer.
The Johnnies answered from their lines with a screech.

As the investment of Savannah was in progress, it was more
than ever important to break up all travel on the railroad.
Gen, Foster brought two 3o-pound Parrots and mounted them in
a swamp battery in the Coosawhatchie. With these, and Bat-
tery F, 3d Artillery, to use Gen. Sherman's terse expression, he
•' whaled away " day and night at the railroad and the bridge,
and with good effect, for the passage of troops and supplies by
rail to the relief of Savannah was stopped and the running of
trains for any purpose was rendered more and more infrequent.
And withal, the enemy was kept so stirred up with apprehension
that 6,000 men were detained in Foster's front from rein-
forcing Hardee at Savannah.

About the T5th, the remainder of Foster's column was brought
up from Boyd's landing. Battery B, Capt. Mercereau command-
ing, and Battery A, 3d Rhode Island Artillery, immediately re-

>n \

2l8 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

lieved Battery F on the lines. The latter went to the rear a
short distance for resc and was parked as reserve artillery. On
the lyih, the Parrot "swamp angels " were moved to a position
nearer Coosawhatchie bridge, and thereafter, with the assistance
of Batteries B and F, who were alternately at the lines, the rail-
road was effectually neutralized and travel broken up. The fact
alarmed Gen. Hardee, in command of the garrison at Savannah,
as to his safet)' in retreat, and materially hastened his evacuation
of the city. He ab.-'ndoned it to Sherman on the 20th.

The capture of Savannah was announced on Devaux Neck on
the 23d. There was great excitement and cheering in all the
camps.

No further forward movement was made by Gen. Foster for
several weeks. On the i6th of December, Gen. Halleck had
placed him under the command of Gen. Sherman, and as that
officer was resting, reclothing and refitting his victorious army in
Savannah, preparatory to his great March to the North, no ac-
tive operations were for a while desirable. Foster's forces
quietly heldj their position on the Neck, improving the op-
portunity to obtain the rest they too so urgently needed. From
time to time, a skirmish took place, and Batteries B and F were
both called on, on several occasions to reply to guns the rebels
brought down on the opposite side of the TuUitinny to disturb
our camps. The Batteries invariably gave the enemy all they
wanted, and more too. Rebel deserters came in every day in
great numbers. Once, on January 14th, a ist Lieutenant and
Surgeon came in and reported that their Colonel would bring his
regiment in, if assured of pardon. A lot of President Lincoln's
proclamations of pardon were accordingly tied to a ramrod and
fired over by a gun of Battery F. The only reply, however, was
a bullet. The regiment had undoubtedly been withdrawn from the
rebel lines. The supposition was confirmed at night by the sound
of the wagons and artillery of the enemy moving towards
Charleston. Next niorning no pickets of the enemy were visi-
ble. Our pickets were pushed out to reconnoitre. They soon
sent back intelligence that the enemy had retreated from our
whole front. Several regiments were immediately thrown for-
ward and the enemy's powerful works on the railroad, with the
railroad and bridj;e, were seized and held, A regiment was
also sent out on the road to Charleston, and at the little village
of Pocotaligo, six miles away, formed a junction with the 17th
Corps, under Gen. Blair, which had come up that day from Sa-
vannah, by way of Beaufort and Port Royal Island.

Sherman was now mustering his army for his "great next.'

SHERMAN PREPARING FOR HIS "GREAT NEXT. 219

His 17th Corps was at Pocotaligo. The 15th Corps now marched
up to Cooswhatchie. The main body lay at Savannah ready to
march at the word of warning. January 19th, Sherman wrote
to Gen. Foster, turning over to him the city of Savannah and
forts dependent, and indicating in general terms the course he
intended to pursue, which was to strike out for the heart of
South Carolina and smash things gjenerally in the State and
then direct his march on Raleigh. Foster was to remain on the
coast and advance on that cradle of treason, Charleston, and
capture it, a disposition of matters most congenial to his
feelings.

Foster prepared at once to enact his part of the drama of the
March to the North. A portion of his forces were sent to Morris
Island and Bull's Bay under Gen. Potter, to operate from that
direction and amuse the enemy with demonstrations. The rest,
abandoning Devaux Neck as no longer a position of any use,
he concentrated under Gen. Hatch at Pocotaligo. Amongst
the former were Battery B and Battery F, 3d New York Artil-
lery.

The grand movement began February 1st. The 17th and 15th
Corps advanced from the vicinity of Pocotaligo ; the 14th and
20th from Savannah. Gen. Hatch took the wagon road to
Charleston and marched to the river Combabee, holding in check
the rebel left wing, while Sherman " smashed things " in the
interior. Here, by the order of Sherman, he waited till the
latter had reached the vicinity of the city of Columbia, mean-
while entertaining the force of rebels on the opposite bank by
demonstrations of a desire to cross. About the 17 th of Febru-
ary, he pushed his way across the river with two brigades and
Lieut. Clark's section of Battery F, and by slow but steady
marches advanced to Charleston. He found the city evacuated.
The rebels had fled in precipitation without waiting to give him
battle.

Lieut. Titus's section of Battery F and Battery B crossed
the Combabee on the 20th with Hatch's rear guard. They
reached the Ashepo that night, and the Edisto on the 21st,
passing through a beautiful region, full of magnificent planta-
tions. The troops foraged freely on the country. Chickens,
honey, fresh beef and pork and fruits were the almost daily bill
of fare. The day had gone by to be punctilious about subsist-
ing on the enemy, and Sherman's bummers were not more suc-
cessful in searching out the good things of the land than the
men of his Coast Division under Gen. Hatch. " It is a war
right old as history," said Sherman to Grant in extenuation of the

r. O uJ; / -ii'

220 3D NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. --!.

practice. The quotation is respectfully referred to Gen. Patter-
son of the old Army of the Shenandoah for meditation. On the ]
22d, still on the march, the army passed the house of a rebel i
paymaster, from which the men obtained $75,000 in Confederate 1
money. On the 23d, coming up with the head of the column j
at Rantoul's bridge, Battery F was consolidated again. I

Next day, Lieut. Titus took twelve teams to Willstown, on the i

Edisto, escorted by a detachment of the 25th Ohio, to bring in 1

some light artillery found in deserted rebel earthworks there. '.

They had been abandoned hurriedly ; not a gun was spiked, a j

rammer carried off, nor a carriage disabled. Titus brought j

away four 6-pound rifles and two 24pound rifles. Several large i

ones were left for lack of transportation. The enemy had the |

best and strongest works, facing the Sea Islands in all direc- ■

tions. Lieut. Breck, the same day, visited one of them on the |

Stono and brought in its guns.

Batteries B and F reached Ashley river on the 27th to find
that the infantry had already ferried across. They lay on the
bank that night. Next day, towards night, they crossed, Bat-
tery B in the advance, and moving down into the city, they
camped on the spacious green of a long, imposing, castellated
building, called the Citadel, or the Southern Military Academy.

Since landing on Boyd's Neck, the Batteries had been three
months in the field without camp or garrison equipage ; had
fought many battles ; fired over 3,000 rounds of ammunition
each, and marched two hundred miles in the enemy's country.
The men showed the effects of hard campaigning in their sun-
burned faces and rather ragged uniforms, but were healthy and
in the best of spirits, and ready for more fighting at any moment.

It may be interesting to note, that the road over which Gen.
Hatch had advanced -to the capture of Charleston, was the
scene of many hard marches and some hard fights of the Revo-
lution. The British General Patterson came up by this route
from Savannah in 1780, to join the siege at Charleston. At
Rantoal's Creek, and other places upon it, Tarleton, Marion, and
Col. William Washington had fights.

The first artillery in Charleston was a detachment of Battery
B, which, by Capt. Mercereau's order, had remained at Fort
Shaw, Morris Island, since November, to act as its garrison and
to take charge of the camp and garrison equipage of the Bat-
tery. During the night of February 17th, the glare of an exten-
sive conflagration caught the attention of our sentinels on Morris
Island and the blockading squadron. Soon, tremendous con-
cussions from the city told the tale of exploding gunboats and

IN CHARLESTON. 22 I

the destruction of military stores. About 7 o'clock in the morn-
ing, an orderly rode into Fort Shaw to state that the rebels had

evacuated, and ordered Battery B to report immediately at the |

forts at the north end of the island. The men got there at 10 i

A. M. They embarked on small boats, supplied by blockaders, |

and were rowed up the harbor to the city. With what thrilling j

feelings did they now look up to the old flag floating once more j

over Fort Sumter, as they passed by the sloping heaps of broken i

masonry that had once been its walls? Reaching the city, 1

the detachment marched to Citadel Green, took possession there j

and went into camp, and was joined there a few days later by '

the rest of the Battery. j

The desolation of the once proud capital furnished a theme \

for curious observation and comment to the 3d Artillery boys, j

who strolled all over it to see its scars and ruins. It was one • j

of the saddest spectacles of the war. A large tract in the I

wealthiest and handsomest quarter lay in blackened and smok- j

ing ruins. Towards the river, in every direction, the buildings i

were scarred and smashed, and the streets torn up by heavy I

shells. Grass grew in the streets. Docks were dropping to |
pieces from decay. Some of the docks, built during a happy

peace, once thronged with shipping, were now deserted bv com- ;

merce and given over to great grim earthworks and engines of j

war. The population of the city had been reduced in four years j

from 65,000 to 10,000, principally by the terror inspired by the !

shells thrown in from our batteries on Morris Island. j

Gen. Hatch gave his artillery a short rest only on Citadel i

Green. In the course of a day or two, he moved it out to a line j

of intrenchments west of the city, extending across the peninsula j

on which it was built from the Ashley river to the Cooper. Htre, '<

Batteries B and F remained for a long time, their presence on |

the lines being precautionary only. The men enjoved a good 1
rest, and had an opportunity to erase the stains of travel 'from

their equipments and armament and restore them to that state j

of neatness, proverbial with the 3d Artiller>' in whatever depart- 1

ment it served. i

April 9th, salutes were, fired by the Batteries in honor of the !

fall of Richmond and Petersburg. The 14th was the day of the " I

formal flag raising on Fort Sumrer, the identical flag that Major !

Anderson had hauled down in 186 r, in token of surrender, being '
hoisted once more with impressive ceremonies, Henry ^V'ard
Beecher making an address at the Fort. National salutes were
fired by Batteries B and F, as also by the ibrts around the har-
bor, under the direction of Col. Stew'art L. Woodford of New

222 3'^ NEW-YORK VOLUNTEEn AKTILLEKY

York, who was in charge of the details of the celebration. After
the salutes, our officers went down to the Fort. A few days
later, the mournful minute guns were fired on account of the as-
sassination of the beloved Lincoln.

On the 23d, information having been received of the armistice
agreed upon between Gen. Sherman and the rebel Gen. John- 1
ston, Lieut. Breck, with fourteen mounted men of Battery B, 1
carrying twelve days' rations, rode out into the interior with a I
flag of truce to communicate the fact to the rebel commandants j
in our front. He got back on the 26th. The unwelcome tid-
ings of a resumption of hostilities came on the 28th. Our Gen-
erals being in duty bound to inform the enemy of the fact, Lieut.
Titus,. with fifteen of Battery F and some staff officers acting as
volunteers for the expedition, was sent out with another flag of
truce, to announce the fact. He went to within sight of Orange-
burg, meeting various parties of rebels on the way, and keeping
a sharp eye out for rebel fortifications with a view to gather use-
ful knowledge for future use. He saw none however. The
enemy seemed paralyzed by events in the North and were not
making efforts to prepare the country for defense. Titus de-
livered his message and started back at a gait that would have
done credit to Tam O'Shanter, having been warned to return
rapidly lest the unscrupulous Johnnies should halt and capture
his party. The whole eighty miles was made in less than
twenty-four hours, forty rebels riding hard after the detachment
down to our picket line at Charleston.

May ist, Lieut. Crocker and Lieut. Clark, in command of
sections, accompanied an expedition of two brigades towards
Orangeburg to bring in some railroad rolling stock. Several
other scouts took place, one of them, attended by Lieut. Breck
with fifteen men, who came back May 27th with Gov. Magrath
of South Carolina, a close prisoner, having taken him at Co-
lumbia.

GENERALITIES. 22$

XIII.

WITH BUTLER.

Generalities — H and M go to Virginia — Butler Wants More Batteries — E and K.
Sent to ti'tm — Major Schenck — The Advance on Richmond — At Bermuda
Hundreds — E Shells Fort Clifton — Tearing up the Railroad — On to Richmond
—Fight at Half- Way House — On the Lines Before Drury's BluflF— A Tele-
graph Put to Good Use — The Army of the James Surprised — Charge on
Battery E — A Bloody Fight — Out of Ammunition — Ashby Down — Driven
Back— The Losses— Butler " Bottled Up " — M at Fort Powhatan and Wil-
son's Landing — K at Spring Hill — Has a Fight — Gilmore's Attack on Peters-
burg— Smith Attacks — K. Shelling Batteries No. ii and No. 12 — The i8th
Corps Carries the Works.

The reader of these pages will have discovered by this time
that there is ver)^ little unity of action amongst the component
parts of a regiment of artillery, no matter how great its unity
of feeling or how distinctive its reputation as a regiment. In
the infantr\', the regiments fight e^i masse, in compact bodies and
under their own several battle flags throughout the war. With
rare exceptions, the history of any part of any individual infan-
try regiment will comprehend the experience of the whole. It is
different with artillery. To bring a regiment of artillery — espe-
cially one of the magnitude of the 3d New York — into action,
would require battles like Gettysburg and campaigns like that
of '64 in Virginia. It is never done. A regiment of artillery
is too large for the purpose. It is a brigade of itself; and, as
in brigades of infantry, regiments go hither and thither at times

224 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

away from the main body, on special service ; so in artillery, bat-
teries go from the main body continually and share in operations
in numerous departments. It is seldom that as many as three
or four of the same regiment fight on the same field. The
regimental flags are never carried into battle, but remain at head-
quarters and seldom stir thence except to grace a dress parade.
The history of an infantry regiment, considered in all its rela-
tions as a part of a whole, may be the history of great campaigns.
That of an artillery regiment may be the history of a great war.
That of the 3d New York comprehends an important part of
the War for the Union. Had we chosen to write it with the
copiousness of historians who love to go down to the roots of
things and relate all the causes of its campaigns, near and re-
mote, this work would have expanded to twice its present size.
Such a treatment of the subject in a regimental history, however,
would be inappropriate, and we have made only sufficient ex-
planation of the causes and objects of campaigns, to give the
reader of this history a proper understanding of the "^specific
services of the 3d New York.

The connection of this regiment with the campaigns of "61 in
Virginia, and of the whole war up to 1865, '" North Carolina,
with the siege of Charleston and Sherman's great march, has
already been told. These pages are yet to relate the important
part performed by a battalion of four of its batteries in the sieo^e
of Petersburg and capture of Richmond. "

And now let us follow the fortunes of the 3d Artillery in Vir-
ginia.

In July, 1863, arose the necessity for a General of great vigor
to command the Department of (lower) Virginia and North Car-
olina. Gen. Foster was on the nth appointed to that command,
and at once proceeded to Fortress Monroe, headquarters of the
Department, to enter upon the discharge of its duties. He suc-
ceeded Gen. Dix. In August, the i8th Corps, comprising the
troops m North Carolina, was enlarged by the consolidation'with
it of the 7 th Corps.

Needing more artillery at Fortress Monroe, Gen. Foster or-
dered a grand review of the 3d New York, at Newbern, before
Lieut. Stanley of his staff. Acting Inspector General, so that
the latter might be enabled to pick out two of the best Batteries
to send him, the purpose of the review, however, remainin^^ a se-
cret. The review came off October i8th. On the 23'd, the
Adjutant road orders on dress parade, for Battery H, Capt
Riggs,and Battery M, Capt. Howell, six guns each, to go to
Fortress Monroe.

REORGANIZING THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 22$

The departure of the Batteries, a few days later, with the 3d
New York Cavalry, and some infantry, which had also been
summoned to Virginia, was the sensation of the hour. Not a
man in the regiment failed to envy their good fortune in going
to a field where there was a prospect of more active service than
North Carolina promised just tlien.

They took boats to Elizabeth, N. C, and marched overland,
via the towpath of the Dismal Swamp canal to Portsmouth.
Battery H and the 3d Cavalry had two skirmishes with guerrillas
on the way, at Camden Court House and in the Swamp. A few
shells sent them flying on each occasion. Contrary to expecta-
tion, the batteries had no active service for some months. H,
reporting at Fortress Munroe, was stationed at Newport News,
and remained there till March, when it performed outpost duty
at Bowen's hill. Deep Creek, and Getty's Station, and, in May,
t09k position till June 30th, near Fort Hazlitt, on the inner line
■of fortifications at Portsmouth. M did outpost duty at Curri-
tuck, Great Bridge, and around Norfolk, Suffolk and Portsmouth
till May, being, in the spring of 1864, reorganized as *' Veteran
Light Battery M."

November 13th, 1863, Gen. Foster, by order of Gen. Halleck.
went to Tennessee to relieve Burnside. He was succeeded at
Fortress Munroe by sturdy old Ben Butler, probably one of the
best Generals and the worst hated by rebels in the United States
Army. Ben alwav-s had an irrepressible tendency to make him-
self disagreeable to rebels, and when, in the spring of 1864, Gen.
Grant took command of the Artny of the Potomac, for the pur-
pose of inaugurating a campaign against Richmond, this
tendency overcame him to an extent that he applied tor authority
toco-operate in the movement. Nothing better suited the wishes
of Government, and he was empowered to organize a column,
to be called the Army of the James, to move upon Rich-
mond, in accordance with a plan proposed by himself, by way of
the James river.

April, 1864, found Gen. Grant reorganizing the Army of the
Potomac on the banks of the Rapidan, and consolidating it into
the 2d Corps, Hancock's ; 5th Corps, Warren's ; 6th Corps,
Sedgwick's; and 9th Corps, Burnside's. It found Butler,
strengthening and fitting out the i8th Corps, Gen. \V. F. (Baldy)
Smith's, at Yorktown, and preparing for the arrival of the loth
Corps, Gilmore's, which had been ordered up from South Car-
olina to reinforce him.

Needing more artiller}', Butler sent his Chief of Artillery, in
April, to Newbern, to pick out a couple of the best Batteries

226 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

there for service in the i8th Corps. A review being held, Bat-
tery E, Capt. Ashby, and Battery K, Capt. Angel, arrested
attention by their superior discipline, and received orders
forthwith to proceed to Virginia, They came up on ocean trans-
ports, and on the i6th, by the commanding General's direction,
joined the i8th Corps at Yorktown, They pitched their camps
amongst the others of the Corps, which were scattered around
the town in every direction.

Butler had now a full battalion of four Batteries of the 3d
Artillery in Virginia, the best battalion of the regiment, by the
way, comprising 500 splendidly drilled veterans, with 22 guns
and 450 horses. A field officer to serve with it was wanted.
Major Schenck happened along on the 22d, just in the nick of
time, then being on his way to Newbern after successful recruit- |
ing service at home. Butler stopped him at Fortress Munroe, 1
and sent him to Gen. Smith, and he was assigned to duty as \
Chief of Artillery on the staff of Gen. W. H. H. Brooks, command- i
ing the ist Division, i8th Corps. The Major remained on i
Brooks's staff nearly two months. He was with him in all the i
battles on the peninsula, until after the Drury's Bluff affair, win- 1
ning the warm friendship of his confreres by his soldierly and i
gentlemanly qualities. He was then ordered to report to Gen. j
Kautz, commanding the Cavalry Division of the Army of the !
James, and was with Kautz as Assistant Inspector General i
on his stafif^ until after the surrender of Lee at Appomatto.x. i
At his own request he was then relieved and ordered to duty in |
tt^ 85th Corps, on the staff of the 1st Division, as Acting As- j
sistant Inspector General, Gen. Kautz commanding. He" was \
afterwards transferred to the staff of the Corps, as Acting As- j
sistant Adjutant General, ^'hen the Corps went to Texas, the 1
Major, by order, repaired to Syracuse, N. Y., for muster out of |
service, July 15, 1863.

The loth Corps arrived on steamers May 3d, brown as Be-
douins from exposure to a Southern sun. The i8th Corps
straightway fell to packing up for the expedition.

On the 4th, the Army of the Potomac crossed the Rapi'dan,
100,000 strong, for the advance on Richmond. Simultaneously,
the Army of the James, 25,000 strong, embarked at Yorktown
and Newport News, Batteries E and M of the 3d Artillery in-
cluded. Battery H remained behind as the reserve artillery of
the army till an emergency should require it to come to the
front. Battery K marched to Newport News, but did not get
aboard in time to go with the advance.

A portion of the fleet at first sailed up the York river, to de-

BUTLER S EXPEDITION. 22/

ceire the enemy as to its real destination, while the rest ren-
dezvoused at Newport News. It lay there on the broad bosom
of the harbor till night fall, a thunder cloud of war, dark, threat-
ening and portentous, its great black ocean steamers and smaller
coasting vessels, ferry boats, barges and sloops, crowded with
masses of soldiery — its armored gunboats and fine staunch iron
monitors, boding ill things for the enemies of our country.

During the day, Gen. Kautz with 3,000 cavalry marched from
Suffolk on a raid against the Weldon railroad, which he event-
ually struck and broke. Concurrently a smaller cavalry force
moved up the Peninsula, on an ostensible expedition against
Richmond by that route. This movement gave the enemy the
greatest alarm ; for twice before, that year, in February, Butler
had pushed heavy forces of infantry up the Peninsula on real
expeditions, one of them almost reaching the rebel capital. The
enemy hurried his forces on the James to meet the threatening
column. This was just what Butler wanted.

At night fall, the armored vessels of the fleet rushed up the
James.

Next day, the rest of the fleet followed rapidly, having on
board the artillery. Passing up the historic stream, at all the
points commanding bends the bright parti-colored flag of the
Union floated gladly on the banks, conspicuous against the dark
green of the trees, showing where a detachment had landed to
fortify the captured position. At Fort Powhatan, an old rebel
work, a few miles below City Point on the south bank, Battery
M landed with a few companies of infantry to become its gar-
rison.

The vessel bearing Battery E pushed straight for the broad,
sprangly peninsula between the James and Appomattox, known
as Bermuda Hundreds, reaching it at night. Butler was there
with 10,000 men. The Battery got its guns ashore as soon as
possible and went into bivouac for the night.

While the last of the troops were landing that evening, Butler
called a consultation of war of his corps and division command-
ers, around a camp fire. He proposed to them to go right on to
Richmond. Gilmore and Smith, commanding the two corps,
opposed it, urging that if the Army of the James went on and
received a defeat, it would break up the whole grand campaign.
Weitzel favored it, and said if they would give him 10,000 men,
he would take the advance and go on. The more cautious
counsels prevailed and Smith was ordered to move out next day
for the railroad and destroy that first.

Smith marched as ordered and reached the road on the 7th,

:i ,.:'.< . 'I :■', v.r •■ -•, ir " ■!'

.11, ■ -., . ;. .: u»

228 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. j'

which he began to tear up, having meanwhile to fight the rebel
Gen. Hill, who attacked him with a small force.

The morning after Battery E landed, it was directed to repori
to Gen. Weitzel as the reserve artillery of the i8th Corps — its
20-pound Parrots being rather heavy for field service. By
Weitzel's order the Battery moved out during the forenoon tc
Cobb's Hill, on the Appomattox, an eminence which after-
wards constituted the extreme left of the Bermuda Hundreds
intrenchments. It was half a mile north-east of Port Walthal,
where the railroad came down to some heavy coal trestles on the
river.

On the high west bank of the river, visible three miles to the
southward over the broad, low lying, wooded islands, was a
faint brown line on the verdant green. It was the celebrated
rebel Fort Clifton, facing the stream, with a heavy battery of
guns to dispute the passage of our gunboats up to Petersburg,
seven miles away. The gunboats were even now firing at the Fort
and Battery E was ordered to supplement their efforts. Giving
its guns the requisite elevation, the Battery opened fire and soon
its carefully calculated shots were dropping in and around the
hostile work. Having received orders to that effect, Capt Ashby
indicated to his enemy that he had come to stay, by going into
camp. Here the Battery remained three days, having constant
target practice at Fort Clifton, and once saving a Union gunboaq
that was aground in the river by the rapid fire of its guns.

The army meanwhile was making wild work on the line of thai
railroad, tearing it up for miles and burning bridges while ai
large force of reserve troops threw up intrenchments across thei
throat or narrow part of the pennisula, from river to river,!
along high ground, a distance of six miles. !

On the loth, Butler had to fight Beauregard, who came all thej
way from Charleston to oppose him, but drove that»Gdneral toi
Swift's Creek, within three miles of Petersburg. Then, turning]
northward, he made for Richmond, ^working gradually up loj
Proctor's Creek, within three miles of Drury's Bluff". ' I

May 1 2th, Battery E joined in the movement. It left Cobb'sj
Hill at daybreak and marched with Weitzel's division towardsj
Richmond, but only got as far as the Petersburg and Richmondj
turnpike. The roads were obstructed in the advance, so a returnj
to camp for the night became necessary. i

A mile beyond Proctor's Creek the army had encountered the I
southernmost of the defenses of Richmond. A crooked line of.
intrenchments stretched across the turnpike, extending a mile
westward to the railroad, and beyond. Half a mile beyond there

ADVANCING TOWARDS RICHMOND. 229

was a second and stronger line, bristling with cannon, connected
by rifle pits with the powerful fortification on Drury's Bluff,
called Fort Darling, a mile to the eastward and rear.

Next morning, the 13th, the army, deployed in line of battle,
the i8th Corps on the right, the loth away off to the left among
ravines and woods, prepared to attack the works. Battery E
was ordered up, arriving about noon at a hill just beyond
Proctor's Creek, on which, east of the road, stood an old tavern
styled the Half-VVay House. It had been pretty well rum-
maged by our men, and was now Butler's headquarters and
subsequently Capt. Ashby's. The region was abundantly sup-
plied with woodland, but just north of the hill there was an
open space, cleared of trees, the stumps still standing. The
rebel works, three-quarters of a mile in advance, were visible
where they crossed the road. East of the road a dark grove in
their front hid them. Weitzel's regiments were in line in the
open ground engaged in a hot skirmish with a heavy force of
Confederate infantry.

Battery E halted on the hill, where it lay idle till 3 p. m.,
though burning to get into the fight, while a stream of wounded
constantly poured by to the rear. Orders came at length. The
Battery was to shell the rebel redoubt in the road. Lieut.
Fuller planted his section in the turnpike, Lieut. Mowers his in
the field at the side of the old tavern, the guns being placed just
back of the brow of the hill, so that the recoil would carry them
down where they could be reloaded without exposing the men.
Then the volleying thunder of heavy guns rolled over the field
and our shells flew screaming over both armies at the hostile
work. The rebels returned the compliment with two 12-pound
rifled guns, and shot pretty close, their shot and shell falling all
around our guns, though luckily without damage. Their sharp-
shooters plied the Battery hard with musketry also, but with
equally poor success. One man only received a wound, that
brave soldier, Sergt. Howe, and he was shot before we began "
firing. A rifle ball entered his lungs. He was taken to the rear
and never rejoined the Battery. The rebel guns fired but a
short time. Battery E soon made it so dangerous for them that
they ceased firing and were soon hauled off. Under cover of
our cannonade, Weitzel's skirmishers advanced to the woods
and cleared them of the enemv.

The battle ceased at night fall. The army had gained ground
and reposed that night on well earned laurels.

Battery E bivouacked at the ILnlf-Way House, with the horses
harnessed, the men sleeping on the ground around the guns.

•,P),

2^0 JD NEW-TORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

In^ accordance with a practice that lasted through the whole
of this expedition, the troops rose next morning before sunrise
and got under arms without drum or bugle, to foil any attempt
at surprise.

At day break, our pickets discovered tliat the enemy had
evacuated their first line of works and fallen back to the second.
Our army advanced and took possession. Battery E followed
the movement. When near the woods on the right of the road,
that have been spoken of, a halt was made to shell the second
rebel line. Capt. Horace Fitch, Weitzel's aid, shortly after
came down from the extreme front with word that the General
wished to see Capt. Ashby. Ashby went forward. Weitzel had
been up in a tree reconnoitering the second line with a field
glass. He told the Captain to bring his guns up and place
them near a little blacksmith shop, on the right hand side of the
road, just back of the first line of rebel works. Limbering
up, Ashby sent the guns forward on a run, Lieut. Fuller's
section first, taking position in the road behind a breastwork of
logs and earth. Belger's battery took position on his left and a
third battery beyond Belger.

Haifa mile in front, confronting us, were the Confederate in-
trenchments, and ugly looking ones they were with their massive
parapets and yawning embrasures. Just to the right of the road,
on the line, rose up to view the strong point of their works, a
massive bastion, or redoubt, mounting five guns, while over it
waved three rebel battle tiags. The ground rose toward the fort
so that it seemed to look down on us. An open space in front,
filled with underbrush, felled trees and stumps, was the lair of
thousands of sharpshooters.

Immediately on coming into position, the rebel fort subjected
Battery E to a heavy fire of shot, shell and bolts. These heavy
missiles tore the ground in all directions, and filled the air with
a continual roar. One shell struck the ground in the Battery
and exploded. Sergt. Havens was wounded with a fragment,
while Capt, Ashby and Simpson were knocked flat by the con-
cussion. By another shell, Patrick Rickey's left leg was shot
off and carried thirty feet, the same missile taking off a horse's
foot, also. The firing was rapid and hot, and threatened every
moment to destroy the Battery, but scientific gunnery proved
not to be the rebels' forte, a fact that proved our salvation ;
though doubtless the superior marksmanship of Battery E had
something to do with the wildness of their firing, for we battered
their works so well as to greatly interfere with the working of
their guns, and finally to shut them up entirely. The large

BEFORE DRURY S BLUFF. 25 1

rebel flag was. shot away three times. During the duel, Lieut.
Fuller acted with especial coolness and bravery.

The enemy's sharpshooters also devoted much attention to
Battery E, and expended an untold quantity of cold lead in an
attempt to pick off the gunners. The sharp hiss of their bullets
became familiar music before the day was out, but the veterans
of the Battery worked on undismayed by them. Capt. Ashby
puffed away as composedly at his big pipe amidst the hottest fire,
as though there was not a gray-jacket within a hundred miles.
Sergt. Ercanbrack's head was grazed by a rifle ball, but this was
about the extent of the chivalry's achievements in that direction.
Our sharpshooters had better luck. During the day they got so
near the rebel lines as to be of material assistance in keeping
the guns in it mute. The rebels could only load their guns
then by pulling them away from the embrasures. Once they
drew a gun back and put a mule in front of it, to conceal it
while they loaded. Our skirmishers pierced the unlucky animal
as full of holes as a skimmer. That experiment was not tried
again.

The tumult of battle subsided towards nightfall into scatter-
ing, desultory firing, and ceased as the sun withdrew its beams
from the field. On account of the hazard of leaving heavy guns
in a position so exposed to assault. Battery E at night withdrew
from the lines and bivouacked a safe distance in the rear.

Next day, the 15th, the Battery went to the front early, to the
old position, but lay idle all day, under a terrible fire of musket-
ry. The men all lay flat on the ground. The firing was fearful
and many narrow escapes occurred. During the day, a wounded
rebel, a boy, in front of the lines, v/as brought in by several of
the men, who, with Capt. Horace Fitch, went out and got him.
The men cut his buttons off for curiosities.

The army merely held its own that day. Butler not having
men enought to assault, deferred it till next morning.

At night the artillery again went to the rear.

The infantry slept on its arms on the lines. Wistar's bri-
gade of VVeitzel's Division held the woods on the right of the
turnpike, being in the edge of the timber, behind a log and
earth breastwork. VVeitzel's headquarters were in the woods.
Hickman's brigade was on Wistar's right, and beyond, in open
ground, a line of cavalry videttcs extended to the river, over a
mile away. Brooks's Division lay in line of battle west of the
turnpike, with Gilmore's Corps on its left.

During the 15th, Beauregard, by a circuitous flank march,
came up from Petersburg and reinforced the enemy in our front.

232 ' $D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Weitzel expected an attack from him next morning, and made
preparations to receive it. By his orders the telegraph on the
turnpike was dismantled, and VVistar strung a quantity of the
wire across the road and in Iront of his line, stretching' it from
stump to stump, about eighteen inches from the ground. Hick-
man did not do this. He says he never received the order.

Battery E repaired to its breastwork near the blacksmith shop
just before daylight. A dense fog shrouded everything in gloom,
so that the drivers had to feel their way along carefully. The'
guns being placed in position, while Belger, as usual, came up
and went into battery on the left, the men kindled little camp
fires and sat down to fortify themselves for a hard day's work
with their morning ration of hot coftee, hard tack and meat.
Wistar's rhen, on the right of the road, engaged in the same
agreeable employment.

Suddenly there was a terrible crash of artillery and musketry
from the rebel lines. A huge shell tumbled on the ground un-
derneath the limber of the gun of Belger's battery, nearest to
Battery E, and bursting, hoisted the chest heavenward, shearing
off the tails of the wheel horses attached to it, and wounding
some of the men. The affrighted team of the limber swung
around and dashed right amongst Capt. Ashby's teams, creating
the utnriost confusion. One of our teams ran away down the
road with its limbers, leaving our left piece without ammunition,
while the other horses reared and kicked in consternation.
Meanwhile, shells and bullets clove the air in a perfect hurri-
cane, the whole rebel line having opened a hea\7 fire.

At the first gun the cannoneers of Battery E scrambled to
their pieces, regardless of overturned coffee pots and abandoned
breakfast, and while the drivers restored order amongst the
horses, they opened a rapid fire throuo:h the fog in the di"rection
of the enemy. As Weitzel had anticipated, the rebels had re-
sorted to a break of day attack, a favorite plan of theirs, to
beat back our lines. Inspired by the presence of President
Davis in person, they poured masses of infantry down upon our
whole front, though attacking first and heaviest on our right
flank, where Hickman was posted. They surprised Hickufan
and routed him almost at once and then swung around, so as to
get in our rear.

Although the rattle of musketry beyond the woods betokened
something of this sort to the mind of Capt. Ashby, Battery E
kept steadily at work, firing as well as it could in the fog. Pres-
ently the artillery fire on our position slackened and to the din
of battle that raged along the line was added the unearthly

BATTLE OF DRURY S BLUFF.

233

Confederate yell. An officer cried, "My God, they are charging
on us." The guns, loaded with shell, were emptied once more
in the direction of the sound, and then double shotted with can-
nister. Ashby fell to the ground. The fog had lifted a little.
He could see along the ground and caught sight of a heavy
column of the enemy sweeping down the road in a mad charge
to capture the guns. It came on like an avalanche. It reached
the telegraph wire. It tripped over the unlooked-for obstruction
and fell into disorder. Then shouted Ashby, " Fire," and round
after round of hissing cannister hurtled into the ranks of the
traitorous column, cutting it all to pieces and piling dead and
wounded men on the ground in heaps. In less than two min-
utes the rebels ran in a disordered drove to the rear, while our
men swung their hats and cheered in wild enthusiasm.

But the enemy had only retired to his old first line of works,
a few rods away, from which, concealed in the thick fog, rendered'
more impenetrable than ever by the smoke of our pieces, he now
sent in heavy and murderous vollies, showing his great numbers.

The attack on the right of the army was only too successful.
Hickman's brigade, driven back in confusion, had fled across
the country and towards the turnpike ; himself had been taken
prisoner. The rebels had pressed forward nearly to the turn-
pike and a little more needed only to be gained to put them in
possession of the chief avenue of our escape. At this iuncture,
the II 2th New York and 9th Maine made a successful stand
against them, like the Boetian allies in Demosthenes, night attack
on Syracuse, 413 B. C, while Weitzel and his staJT olTicers all
tried to rally the 9th New Jersey and other routed Federals and
check the retreat. One regular officer ran around with a laih in
his hand and used it freely in recalling demoralized soldiers to
a sense of their duty.

The sound of heavy firing, in the rear of Rattery E and its
companion artillery of the i8th Corps, inspired the rebels in its
front to attempt a second charge, in the expectation of a sure
capture of the guns. This time they were aided by a fearful
cross fire from the right, which did no little damage to horses
and men. Weitzel's entire division had drawn back, leaving the
eneniy free to concentrate his fire upon the devoted batteries.
Terrible vollies were poured in from front and right, and it was
due to nothing in the world but its obscuration in the fog that
saved Battery E from instant extermination. The whole vicinity
of the blacksmith shop was a perfect hell.

The second charge was delivered with even greater fury than
the first. The Battery never quailed a moment. The gunners

234 3D KEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

worked with all their might, never stopping to sponge the pieces,
but firing as fast as they could throw in the ammunition. The
demand for ammunition was very great. One limber would be
emptied very quickly. Sergeant Miller would take limbers down
the road to the rear as fast as emptied and bring them back full.
This service exposed him to extreme danger, for the rebels raked
the road with projectiles continually. He was faithful to the last
moment and did splendid cool work. The Battery again re-
pulsed the charge and sent the broken line flying for earthwork
shelter.

Beauregard meanwhile reinforced his left and ordered charges
along the whole line.

The artillery at this time was in a most critical situation.
Without infantry support, every Union regiment having been
driven avyay from its right, and no effective ones being visible on
its left, in the next Confederate advance it was sure to be
swooped up. Sergt. Miller was bringing up a fresh limber of am-
munition for Battery E, when he heard some one sav that the
Battery had been ordered to retire, but the orderly charged with
a message to that effect to Capt. Ashby was afraid to take it up.
Seeing Gen. Smith with his staff in a group in the field, on the
left of the road, Miller rode up to him, learned that the Battery
had been ordered to retire, and was commissioned by the Gen-
eral to inform Ashby of the fact. He put spurs to his horse and
galloped swiftly towards the front, but it was then too late.

The third charge upon the artillery on the turnpike was made
with determined fury. All sorts of ammunition was fired at the
advancing column. xVothing sufficed this time to check it for a
moment. The telegraph wire had evidently been removed and
the rebels came right on. resistless and unswerving as an ocean
breaker. Battery E had had no orders to retire and fought like
heroes as long as there was a cartridge in the limbers. A solid
shot only remained. Ashby cried, '' Fire that shot, bovs, and
then get out of this ; we can't stand it any longer." As he said
this a rebel ball struck him on the head, and he reeled and fell.
The rebels were then right on the Battery. A hurried effort was
made to draw off the guns. Sergt. Ercanbrack managed to lim-
ber up the right piece and escape with it. But the rebels were
springing ov«r the breastworks, and shooting down the horses,
and the word was to save himself who could. A second gun
was limbered up, but the horses were shot in their tracks, and
the other guns were so mired by concussion in firing, being so
heavy, that they coukl not have been stirred without the greatest
difliculty, even had there been plenty of time. Ashby was helped

RETREAT OF THE ARMY. 25$

upon the Umber of one of Belger's guns and carried off in safety,
and then the men scattered and ran in the direction of Half-Wav
House, down the road and across lots, whichever way seemed
the most clear, carrying off the rammers and other implements
of the guns. The enemy came into the Battery simultaneously
on every side. The friendly fog alone prevented the capturing
a large number. Lieut. Mowers very narrowly escaped capture,
while private Loveland was actually collared by a stout rebel
but got away by slipping out of his overcoat.

The whole line fell back in disorder as far as the Half- Way
House, where, through the superhuman efforts of the officers the
two corps showed a new line of battle. Weitzel drew his sword
while forming his regiments, a very unusual thing for him. Some
of the commands that were badly cut up were sent to the Ber-
muda intrenchments at once. Battery E being among the number.
The whole army withdrew to the intrenchments at nightfall.

In this sanguinary battle the Army of the James lost 4,000
men, largely prisoners. The Confederates lost 3,000 killed and
wounded. It was to them one of the bloodiest combats of the
war.

The superb conduct of Battery E in the battle was the theme
of admiration of the whole i8th Corps. The unflinching fidelity,
with which it maintained its ground till the last moment against
the most powerful attacks, was, beyond question, the means of
saving the army from a ruinous disaster. Had the rebels gained
the turnpike, they could have cut the army to pieces. Gen.
Smith said to Ashby, after the fight, " Your Battery fought splen-
didly, Captain. It did everything that could be asked of it."
la his official report to Col. Stewart, Capt. Ashby expresses
"satisfaction at the steadiness and determination with which the
men of my command stood to their guns until ordered to retire.
My thanks are due to Lieuts. Mowers and Fuller, for the effi-
cient manner in which they handled their sections."

Several casualties occurred in the Battery, Frank Reed was
shot dead. He was sitting on the trail of his gun, after repuls-
ing a charge, when he was pierced through the head by a Minie
ball. Jeff Portinga'e was wounded and taken prisoner ; after-
wards e.vchanged. Nichols received a severe wound in the hip,
and was left on the field, and subsequently died. Lieut. Fuller
recerved wounds in the arm and leg. Ashby's wound, at first
feared to be fatal, proved to be severe, but not dangerous. A
few weeks in hospital in Fortress Munroe restored him to per-
fect health.

The otlier losses of the Battery were three guns, two limbers,

) s

236 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

and forty-four horses, the latter shot and left on the field. The
Richmond newspapers pretended that the Confederates turned
these guns on our own men after their capture. This is an utter
absurdity. The guns were indeed not spiked, but by Lieut.
Fuller's direction, the men trampled the fuses remaining at the
time of the retreat into the mire. There was not a cartridge of
ammunition left in the Battery, and the rammers were carried off
in the retreat.

On the subject of the responsibility for the loss of the guns,
the following from a private letter of Gen. Weitzel to the authors
will show at least where it does not rest. The General says :
" Ashby's Battery was not to blame for the loss of its guns. It
was suddenly left without any infantry support, when I in person
was checking the enemy's assault on my right with the 9th Maine
and 1 1 2th New York. Who ordered the infantry to fall back I
do not know and never could ascertain. I remember, after I
had accomplished what I had intended on my right, meeting
Capt. Ashby on the turnpike. He was wounded. I immediately
moved my infantry forward again, but it was too late to save
Ashby's pieces. It was reported that some staff officer had or-
dered the infantry to fall back so wrongfully."

The rebels won those three guns at a tremendous sacrifice.
Ashby fired during the action 419 rounds and one of the regiments
that charged on him nearly sulTered annihilation. Several
hundred met their death in the mad attempt. They were buried
on the west side of the turnpike where they fell. A little en-
closure to-day marks the spot.

Batterj' E received guns to replace those lost, May 21st. They
were navy Parrot guns, with holes for a cable, in the cascable,
but army guns were finally obtained.

Lieut. Mowers, Lieut. Rider and Sergt. Miller commanded the
Batterytill Ashby and Fuller recovered from their wounds.

Beauregard, following our army sharply down to Bermuda
Hundreds, after the withdrawal from Half Way House, appeared
before our intrenchments next day, and brought with him an ad-
ditional division under Gen. Whiting. Whiting was at Peters-
burg, the day of Drury's Bluff fight, and had been ordered to at-
tack our rear, but the god of battles fought for Butler that day
and Whiting was stupefied with drink and lagged on the road.
It was a lucky escapi- for us. Fighting now ensued on our front
for a fortnight. Ik-auregard was exasperated at the scare Butler
had given all rebcldom by his bold advance,. and in a spirit of re-
taliation tried vigorously to expel him from the peninsula.
Nearly every day, his troops charged our lines ; but they were

LOSSES AT DRURY's BLUFF. 237

routed with slaughter every time they tried it, till it dawned upon
them that Butler had come to stay, and they then intrenched
strongly, from river to river, in a line parallel to that of the
Army of the James, and about a mile distant. The Army of the
James meanwhile, working day and night, perfected its defenses
and in ten days had a line that could be held by a single corps,
reaching from Cobb's Hill on the Appomattox to the James op-
posite P'arrar's Island.

Finding his field of operations circumscribed by the rebel
works, Butler wrote rather ruefully to Grant that he was " bottled
up " on the peninsula. His advance, however, had been of
great service to the Army of the Potomac and its eftect was seen
and appreciated.

May 30th, the i8th Corps was sent to Grant to take part in
the bloody battles at Cold Harbor on the Chickahominy.

On the 31st, Battery E, having received its new guns, moved
to the extreme right of the Bermuda lines and occupied a re-
doubt on the bank of the James, to co-operate with our navy in
an expected fight with the rebel rams and fire ships. The
preparation we made to receive them kept them from coming,
but the Battery remained on the bank of the river.
^ Our men lay quiet now for several days, listening to the boom-
ing of Grant's guns on the Chickahominy, where destructive
combats were in progress.

Let us now turn to the doings of Batteries K and M.

Attached to the colored division of Gen. Hinks, Batterv- M
had landed to garrison Fort Powhatan, the day of the ascent of
the James, m company with a strong detachment of the divi-
sion. A tew days later, the Battery went with an expedition to
Spring Hill, an important and commanding eminence on the left
bank of the Appomatto.x, opposite Port Walthal, and took part
m an engagement, which resulted in the capture of the position.

The 2ist found the Battery again at Fort Powhatan. On that
day, the rebel cavalry from Petersburg swooped down upon the
Fort, and the garrison was put to its mettle to drive thtm off.
After a brief but earnest fight, the rebels retired with loss.
Battery M received the warmest encomiums of the commandant
of the post and enthusiastic cheers from the infantry.

About this time one section of the Battery moved across tITe
river to reinforce two negro regiments under Gen. Wilde, which
were defendmg Wilson's Landing. On the 24th, Gen. Fitz
Hugh Lee, of the Confederate forces, made a desperate attack
with 2,000 cavalry on that post. Lee had unquestionablv been
tempted to this enterprise by the prospect of cutting off the

i9Jr •■; ; '';ii- ' ' -j-

238 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLEKY.

loyal blacks, and earning for himself the same bloody distinction
as that acquired by Forrest at Fort Pillow, six weeks before.
He summoned Wilde to surrender, intimating, at the same time,
if the latter refused that he would not be responsible for the
consequences. The force of that threat was perfectly under-
stood. But Wilde bid the rebel bloodhound defiance. Lee in-
stantly charged. The conduct of the negroes was superb.
Reserving their fire until it could be delivered point blank, they
then poured in a withering volley, emptying a hundred saddles
at the first fire. The rebels pressed desperately on, and, though
at first repulsed, returned again and again to the attack, and
came near overpowering our defense. But the blacks fought
them gallantly, and the artillery ploughed their ranks with shot
and shell, and finally, after two hours fighting, they drew off their
forces and beat a hasty retreat. They lost in this attack 300
men. We lost but 40. The section of Battery M did excellent
service throughout the fight, and its fire was most effective.

A few weeks later. Battery M marched to the front before the
city of Petersburg. Thereafter, till the 3d of April, 1865, when
it entered the city of Richmond, it was constantly on the move
or occupying with honor some prominent position exposed to
the enemy's fire in the lines of siege of both Richmond and Pe-
tersburg.

Battery K came to the front May i6th, by boat from Newport
News.

Landing at City Point, a small collection of houses around
some docks, where the railroad from Petersburg came down to the
river, the Battery joined the colored division- of Hinks. In
three or four days it moved to Spring Hill, where three regi-
ments of Hink's colored infantry, a six gun negro battery and
some cavalry had camped, and were throwing up a fort, facing
southwards. The object of this fort was to hold the ground-
it occupied for future movements of the army. The Hill stood
opposite to Cobb's Hill and Point of Rocks, on the north bank,
and it was the intention of Butler to connect it with the latter
immediately by a pontoon bridge. The engineers built the
bridge to Spring Hill very soon afterwards, the highway thus
created crossing two small islands in the river on the way.
• When the fort had been put in a state of defense, Capt. An-
gel placed K's guns in it, and hauled up from the landing a 24
and 32-pounder to arm it in addition.

One morning the enemy came up in heavy force with a bat-
tery of artillery from Petersburg, and attacked the fort. Plant-
ing his guns a mile away, he indulged in the pastime of

d [•;■..

BATTERY K AT SPRING HILL. 239

bombarding it for a while, his shots bounding all over the fort.
But Battery K opened fire and forced him to shift his position
several times, and finally drove the guns off the field. The rebel
infantry coming to the edge of a belt of timber, on the left of
the turnpike that ran straight out southwards from the fort en
route to Petersburg, simultaneously with the opening of the ar-
tiller}', had a hot engagement with our infantry and cavalry-, which
lasted nearly all day. Battery K shelled every detachment of
the enemy that came in view, and did efficient service in beat-
ing the enemy off. During the day the rebels extended their
right to Broadway landing, a short distance below Spring Hill,
and forced our men there to take up a pontoon bridge to save
it ^ They also, planted a battery under the bank of the river on
their left, and tried to riddle one of our gun boats, but the boat
sent them back to higher ground with celerity, and they did not
dare to face the music of her 50-pounders again. In the course
of the action, Battery K entertained a welcome guest, in the
person of the brave and beautiful wife of the captain of the gun
boat Gazelle. She wanted to see the rebels, and came up to the
fort to gratify that desire. Capt. Angel pointed out some of their
cavalr>' to her, and had a gun loaded for her, and she fired a
shot at them, scattering them in all directions. The presence of a
lady in the smoke of battle was an unusual sight, and Battery
K's boys were very enthusiastic over it ; the beauty and plucky
bearing of the one who honored them by a visit on this occasion
formed the theme of admiring comment.

The enemy retired at night fall. During the day, Battery K
fired 900 rounds of ammunition. No casualties.

June loth, Butler resolved to capture Petersburg, in order to
cut ofli"the great Lynchburg and Weldon railroads, which brought
the rebel army in Virginia the bulk of its supplies, and he sent
Gen. Gilmore to attack it on the north-east with 3.500 men,
while 1,500 cavalry under the dashing Kautz should charge in
from the south. Simultaneously, to distract attention, two gun-
boats and Battery K were to bombard Fort Clifton defending
the approaches up the river. The attack failed. Kautz did his
share of the work well, driving straight into the city, but Gilmore
strangely halted two miles from the prize, and then fell back,
when Kautz was obliged to do the same.

But now. Grant, after bloody battles at Cold Harbor, resolved
to transfer the whole scene oi conflict to Petersburg and bring
over the James his whole Army of the Potomac. He returned
the i8th Corps to Butler and ordered an immediate renewal of
the attack on the Cockade City in force.

240 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

June 14th, Battery K at Spring Hill received orders to take
four guns and march at daylight with three regiments of Hinks's
division. Sergt. Gibbs was left in the fort in command of two
guns. Leaving Spring Hill, Capt. Angel, with the other four,
marched that night to the road from Broadway landing, and lay
in the road till daylight, the horses standins: to the guns, the
men sleeping on the ground and in the corners of the fences.

About 3 A. M., troops began to cross the pontoon bridge.
They belonged to the i8th Corps, which had been directed by
Butler to go up and take the city. The crossing was made
noiselessly on the hay carpeting of the pontoons. Martindale's
division led the advance. After it had passed, Hinks's division
fell into column. Battery K accompanying, and took up the
march. Brook's division came after. A few miles out, at
Friend's fields, we met a small force of the enemy intrenched.
K rapidly shelled the opposing works, firing 62 rounds, and
Hinks charged. The enemy fied. In the works, we found an
abandoned 12-pounder, which the negroes fairly fondled and
kissed in their delight. Pressing on, delayed on some roads by
trees felled since Gilmore's advance on the loth, passino- the
City Point railroad, at mid day the corps faced the outer* line
of the defenses of Petersburg, a chain of formidable redoubts,
connected by rifle pits, two miles and a half from the city, ex-
tending from the river in a curving line southward several miles
in length. It was built along a crest on the eastern side of
Harrison's creek.

The corps formed line of battle— Martindale on the right,
Hinks in the center, Brooks on the left.

Battery K halted on Rufnn's farm, in the door-vard of the
comely house, while this disposition was being made. The in-
fantry lay in the turnpike. Time passed away and the day
began to. decline. Kautz had been sent with his cavalry to
charge on the extreme left and Smith waited, from hour to hour,
hoping every momtjiit for some indication that he had attacked!
At length, Bat;cry K received orders to open the ball. Back of
the farm house there was a belt of woodland a few rods throu^^h,
which hid from our view the rebel works. Leaving behind t"he
caissons, the Battery marched through the woods to a wheat
field beyond and came out opposite a strong redoubt, built on
high ground just south of the railroad track, denominated Bat-
tery No. 5. Capt. Angel was directed to train his pieces south-
ward, without regard to the work in his front, and shell two
Other redoubts on the line almost a mile away, known as Bat-
teries No. 1 1 and No. 12. The General commanding sou<^ht by

SMITH S ATTACK ON PETERSBURG. 24!

this means to draw the enemy's fire from troops in front of those
redoubts and ultimately to silence them. K opened fire — the
guns in echelon. The first shot brought down upon it the atten-
tions of a dozen guns. In two minutes there was firing along
the whole line, and a perfect torrent of iron swept over the erst
peaceful wheat field, tearing up the soil, bounding into, over
and around the Battery, under the horses, and amongst the
limbers and guns, threatening every moment to destroy the gal-
lant little band that had provoked the outburst. It was one of
the hottest places it ever was in. The rebels had altogether too
good a range upon us. When he had emptied his limbers,
Capt. Angel ordered " Limber to the rear," and retired from the
field. Getting a fresh supply of ammunition, he again marched
to the wheat field, and, in a little different position, re-opened
fire. A colored battery sent two guns to aid in these operations,
and they did good service. After a short time, K returned to
the farm house and stayed there till sunset.

Smith, as evening advanced, grew desperate. Nothing yet
was heard of Kautz, but the far less welcome sound of railroad
trains rushing into Petersburg, did come to his ears, freighted
with ill omen. He ordered a general advance along the whole
front of the corps. To support it, Battery K went down to
within 150 yards of Batteries Nos. 9, 10, 11 and 12. Gen.
Smith came along on horseback, with one pantaloon leg in
his boot, and wearing a straw hat, and showed Capt. Angel
where to go. Evening had come on, and the works in front were
then engaged in firing on their own Battery, No. 5, which Mar-
tindale's men had just carried at the point of the bayonet. Our
guns were planted in position without being discovered, and
sighted through the gloom by the aid of the flash of the rebel
guns. Presently, a deep murmur in the rear betokened the ad-
vance of Brooks's infantry from the woods. Capt. Angel opened
with every gun at once, and kept up a perfect rattle on the works.
We drove every rebel from the parapets instantly, and silenced
their fire on Battery No. 5. For five minutes they seemed para-
lyzed. Then, two guns flashed angrily at us \ but their shells
soared screaming overhead, and neither affected us nor the in-
fantry, which now swept on rapidly to the works. A cheer broke
out as the line drew near the redoubts, upon which Battery K
ceased firing, and the next moment our regiments charged tu-
multuously in amongst the rebels and drove them out in the
greatest confusion. The whole line was ours, and the cheering
was tremendous. We had captured 300 prisoners and r6 valu-
able guns.

242 3D NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Battery K limbered up and went out to the turnpike, and ad-
vanced to Battery No. 9, a large redoubt, open in the rear, on
the left hand side of the pike, where it rested for a short time to
indulge in the general congratulations.

While there, a four mule team attached to a rebel wagon full
of ammunition dashed upon the scene. Capt. Angel asked the
darkey driver who that was for. " You'se fellows, massa."
" Who sent you up >" " Those fellows, massa, " he said ; " they
tola me to hurry right up." Upon realizing the situation, the
amazed contraband grinned and danced about in a transport of
delight. ^ Next day he drove a team for Uncle Sam. I

Late in the evening. Battery K was ordered back to Ruffin's j
barn to bivouac for the night. Having fed the horses, it started. j
On the way it met a reinforcement of troops coming down from i
City Point. It passed regiment after regiment, until, finallv, the j
men somewhat astonished at the interminable length of the' pro- j
cession, asked what troops those were. The reply came, " Han- \
cock's, the 2d Corps." That was the first our men knew of the j
movement of the Army of the Potomac. The Batterj' reached J
Ruffin's farm, and encamped. Just then a fresh column came j
along, passing right through our park. It was the 9th Corps,
under Burnside. All night long, infantry and cavalrj- and bat j
teries of artillery and trains of wagons passed by the bivouac, j
and our men all knew that a new and great campaign had been j
inaugurated, and they were on the threshhold of great and his- j
toric events. I

Gen, Smith should have pushed on to Petersburg that night. I
He could have gone into the city almost unresisted. Wise's i
brigade only held the town. His failure to make that advance '
made the taking of Petersburg to depend not on a battle, but a
siege. It was a lamentable mistake.

THE I 8th corps reinforced, 243

XIV.

SIEGE OF PETERSBURG AND RICHMOND.

The 1 8th Corpi Reinforced by the Army of the Potomac— E and K. Shelling the
River Batteries— The Walthal House — The Siege Begins — E Throws Shell
into Petersburg — Continued Shelling — E and K Fire in Concert — K Moves
at Night to the Page House — Arrival of Battery H — E sends a Section to the
Hare House— The Daily Battles — The Mine — K. Fires the City — M on the
Lines — The Batteries Sent Back to Rest — lAgain at the Front — The Works —
The Countermine — Various Bombardments — Capture of Fort Harrison —
Rebels Attempt to Retake It — K. Saves the Fort — On the Richmond Lines —
E's Fight with the Iron Clads — Events of the Winter — The End Near at
Hand — Evacuation of Richmond — K.'s Race— Occupation of Richmond.

There are in every war decisive campaigns, campaigns which
if lost would turn the scale irremediably, and perhaps alter the
course of empire. In history many such campaigns have oc-
curred. Those culminating in the battles of Marathon, Water-
loo, Saratoga, and Sedan, are among the number. The decisive
campaign of the war for the preservation of the American Union
was now about to occur. Napoleon, in one of his campaigns, is
reported to have said to his staff, pointing to St. Jean d'Acre,
that the capture of that town would decide the destiny of the
world. The progress of events gave to the city of Petersburg
in 1864, a similar importance in deciding the destiny of the
United States.

June i6th, 1864, the day after the advance of the i8th Corps
upon Petersburg, recorded in the last chapter, that corps was

244 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

joined by the larger part of the Army of the Potomac. Line of
battle was formed during the day, the right of the i8th Corps
resting on the Appomattox, Hancock's Corps next on the left,
then Burnside's and Warren's and Kautz's cavalry. Meanwhile
nearly the whole of the rebel Army of Virginia had come up
and confronted us, posted behind a line of intrenchments in
rear of the one, from which Smith had expelled a strong rebel
force the day before. At 6 p. m., our army assaulted and carried
part of the works.

«" Batteries E and K, 3d Artillery, participated in the fight. E,

then in the loth Corps, as masked battery on the bank of the

^' James, marched at 8 a m. of the i6th. After traveling eighteen

y miles, it reported to Gen. Brooks, before Petersburg, and went

f into position on a hill, where the 18th Corps had pitched its

headquarters. Towards evening it opened fire on a rebel work

* across the Appomattox. The enemy threw one single 20-pound

Shot in reply, when we knock^ over his gun, and he had
nothing more to say. The section of Battery K, under Sergt.
Gibbs, at Spring Hill, advanced a mile and a half up the river
to a point on the bluff nearly opposite Fort Clifton, and engaged
that work furiously for two hours, firing 180 rounds. Trr ops
were moving down past Spring Hill, along the river road, wiiich
ran just in rear of the brow of the bluft^ on v/hich the section
was posted, and Fort Clifton shelled them. But Sergt. Gibb's
guns at once dismounted one of the enemy's and silenced the
rest. They were praised therefor, in General Orders.

■'' The four guns of Battery K, under Capt. Angel, left Rufiin's

farm at daylight, with Hinks's division, and came to the blurt
on the Appomattox at the Walthal house. The reader will refer
to a map of Virginia. The' channel of the Appomattox, from
Port Walthal, runs due south nearly three miles ; then west a
mile to Fort Clifton ; thence directly south again to Petersburg.
From Spring Hill, opposite Port Walthal, a bluff extends along
the bank of the river to the point where it bends west. The
bluff thence continues directly on south, but the river leaving it,

" , ■ there is, between it and the river, a broad low flat, a mile wide,
both bluff and flat extending to where the river channel a!::ain
turns west to go to Petersburg. About three miles from
the city, there is a ravine or de{;ression in the bluff, through
which the railroad from City Point comes down. Half a mile
north of this ravine is the celebrated Walthal house, a fine resi-
dence built near the brow of the bluff, on a pleasant but then
deserted plantation. The turnpike from Spring Hill is east of
it a quarter of a mile. Regiments, brigades and army corps

ON THE WALTHAL FARM. 245

continually passed up and down this road, and it became essen-
tial as the very initial of operations against Petersburg to range
batteries along the bluff to keep the batteries the rebels erected
across the river quiet, so as not to harass our passing columns.
Battery K reached VValthal farm at 9 a. m. It immediately
began to throw up a breastwork, which by sunset would resist
the impact of heavy balls. Along in the afternoon the Battery
flung a few shot into a rebel work on a verdant eminence, called
Archer's Hill, across the river, distant a mile and a half, firing
over the heads of our infantry pickets down on the tiat.

On the 17th, Battery E changed position to a fortification
captured from the enemy, and during that and the i8th, both E
and K shot hard at the transtluvial forts, keeping them com-
paratively silent.

With desperate fighting and great mutual slaughter, the Fed-
eral army drove the Confederates steadily back both days, and by
nightfall of the i8th the latter had retreated to their last line of
intrenchments covering Petersburg on the east. It was a pow-
erful line and from it our army failed to dislodge them. Grant
then ordered the army to intrench and the siege of Petersburg
began.

June 19th, the i8th Corps withdrew temporarily from the lines
and marched to Bermuda Hundreds. It had lost heavily in the
battles of the last four days and took advantage of a lull in the
fighting to reorganize. Batter}^ E, on the iSth, and K, (the
whole Batten,',) on the 19th, also withdrew and joined the corps
on the peninsula.

On the 2ist, the corps again took its place on the right of the
Petersburg lines, its presence being required to enable Grant to
extend his left wing to the Jerusalem plank road. The two bat-
teries attended the movement. E crossed the river at Point of
Rocks pontoon bridge, (the regular crossing place,) at sunrise.
By command of Gen. Stannard, the Battery went to the Wal-
Ihal plantation, and at 2 P. M. turned the fire of its long Parrots
on the rebel work on Archer's Hill, which was shelling our lines
in front of Petersburg.

That work, popularly kno\vn as the Chesterfield Battery, stood
nearly at right angles to the river, facing southward. Its posi-
tion enabled it to enfilade our lines of siege adjoining the Ap-
pomattox terribly, they being only a mile and a half away, and
it was a matter of vital importance to the security of the troops
holding them to keep the fire of that battery down to the ex-
treme minimum. Batteries E and K were chosen a large part
of the time to do this work, and they did it well. They were

246 3D NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

not expected to batter down the target of their attentions, but
silence its guns ; and though they did at times considerably dam-
age its beauty with the quantities of iron they cast at it, they
effected their design more by rapid shelling and quick dis-
charges of solid shot, dismounting thereby the rebel guns and
driving the artillerists out of the work. Their position on the
Walthal farm enabled them to rake the rebel battery, which
was a great help.

But as we were saying, at 2 p. m., Battery E opened fire.
Sergt. Miller's section engaged the Chesterfield Battery for two
hours. Gen. Smith, who was present, wanted to see if we
could fire a shell into the city from this point. So Sergt. Good-
rich's section scooped away the earth so as to let down the trails
of the guns to get the right elevation ; then, 24-pound shells sped
through the air on a three mile flight toward the plainly visi-
ble spires of the town. Four shells were sent in, dropping in
the lower part of the town, being among the first thrown into
Petersburg ; a few by another battery the day before were their
only predecessors. Gen. Smith stood watching the firing, to see
what Battery E could do. The gunners did their best and landed
their missiles just where they were wanted. The General was
highly pleased, and when the rebels across the river, who
opened with lo-pounders had been shut up, he ordered the Bat-
tery to intrench. A detail of negroes performed this work
for it.

Battery K, on reaching the Walthal farm on the 21st, took
position on the left of and some little distance from Battery E,
being near the ravine that has been spoken of. It was not en-
gaged that day.

On the 2 2d, however, it opened on the Chesterfield Battery.
Four guns replied. Their shells nearly all went over, dropping
and bounding into the turnpike traveled by the supply trains,
creating consternation amongst the teamsters. Battery K's
splendid three-inch Rodmans did no such loose shooting, and its
lo-pound missiles tlew straight into the enemy's midst, where,
supplemented by some 24-pcund arguments from Battery E,
they raised a cloud of dust that fairly hid the hostile guns from
view and soon silenced them. Our pickets by the river said
that the rebels ran out of their v/ork in a panic. K fired 227
rounds during the day.

On the 2.^d, E fired slowly at the town all day ; also at Arch-
er's Hill. K received some balls from the latter at breakfast
time, which knocked the dirt over the men and spilled some
coffee. Nearly a regiment had been strengthening the rebel

tnt'u . ':.:!-i;i..

E AND K ON THE WALTHAL FARM. 247

work that night, and they now felt disposed to be aggressive.
Three hundred and thirty-two rounds from Battery K severely
punished them for their temerity, badly disfigured their fortifica-
tion, and made up for the spilled coffee.

Grant's first attempt to extend his left flank, so as to take pos-
session of the Weldon railroad, was repulsed on the 23d by
Gen. Hill. This so elated the rebels that they were on the 24th
exceedingly demonstrative along the whole line, particularly on
the ri^ht. They even charged on the loth Corps, but were
soundly whipped for their pains. Batteries E and K came in for
a share of their civilities, and received a hot fire from the Ches-
terfield battery, and a new work north of it, thrown up to protect
the Chesterfield and call off our fire from it. The bombard-
ment was furious, and Wm. Foley was killed in E, with a shell ;
while in K, Blanchard and Barry were wounded. The rebels
had five lo-pounders and two heavy pieces. The 3d Artillery
did not take this infliction meekly, by any means, but now
showed the Confederates some really scientific shooting. E
opened the ball, its four guns firing one after the other in regular
succession. When the fourth shot of the second round was
fired, K, down by the ravine, took up the rhythm, and its six
guns, with beautiful precision, fired twelve shots, one after the
other, at the same regular intervals. Then E resumed and fired
by sections. K again took up the cadence and sent in its fire
by sections. Then a moment's pause, while both Batteries
shotted every gun. Then, with a crash that shook the ground, E
delivered a full broadside, instantly followed by a broadside
from K. It was one of the prettiest things done on our whole
intrenched front, and the two Batteries, having a perfect under-
standing about it, and their wonderful proficiency enabling them
to act like clock work, repeated the performance day after day,
till it became the theme of the army. Generals, Congressmen,
officers of the corps which were encamped around the planta-
tion, and noted visitors came up every day to witness it. The
effect was indescribably thrilling. The guns of both Batteries
being carefully pointed, not one of these shots was ever thrown
away, and the joint effort seldom failed to silence the rebel
works in fifteen minutes. On this occasion the duel lasted
longer than that, but resulted the same, the rebels hauling ort
their guns with their prolonges. E fired 500 rounds ; K, 232, on
that day.

On the 25th, Battery M joined the range of Union guns op-
posing the Chesterfield, and did good service in all the battles
at that part of the lines up to the middle of August. It re-
ceived the highest praises for its efficiency.

248 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

All three Batteries engaged the enemy every day. K fired a
great deal at a suburb of Petersburg, on the northern bank,
called I'ocohontas, filling some large warehouses there full of
holes. On the 27th, the Chief of Artillery said that E dis-
mounted seven rebel guns. Privates Remington and Na^rle
were wounded in E that day by the premature explosion of a
piece. ^

At 8 p. M. of the 27th, K moved to a work on a high bank of
the river overhanging the water, just north of the mouth of
Harrison s creek. It bore the title of Battery 5, was within a
mile and a quarter of Petersburg, and was supported bv the
center of the 18th Corps. The rebels had a heaw force of
sharpshooters across the river in the fields, in gopher holes and
rifle pits. Capt. Regan's 7th New York Batter)' had been si-
lenced by their fire. So Capt. Angel was ordered in at night
to relieve him, his orders being to watch the railroad brid<Te at
Petersburg, and shell any trains. The horses were placed for
safety in the deep gully of Harrison's creek. This was the hot-
test place the Battery had yet seen. Rebel sharpshooters
patched It close. A hat held over the parapet would be imme-
diately pierced with a ball, and an embrasure could not be
opened without a score of bullets flying in almost on the instant
Luckily no trains attempted to pass the railroad bridge, so Bat-
tery K had httle to do here.

»u'^ll?''fj"°'^ ^r^"^'^ ^°' ^"""^ ""'^^^s after, our failure to capture
the Weldon railroad, a comparative lull in the general operations
of our army. The time was improved to strengthen the in-
trenchments and build a military railroad along our rear and
running to City Point to transport troops and supplies

June 29th, Battery K at night relieved some 30-pound and 72-
pound artillery at the Page house redoubt, a work directly south
of the position on the bank of the river, and about half a mile
from It. Emergmg from Battery 5 at midnight, it entered the
ravine of Harrison s creek, along one side of which ran a rou?h
road. As it marched up the creek, the unavoidable chucking of
the wheels was overheard by the rebels across the Appomattox,
who fired into the ravine with some guns that happened to be
in the right situation therefor. The enemv's shots just swept
the opposite bank of the narrow pass. We could see the me-
teor-hke tram of sparks of the burning fuse, as the shells Hew bv
yet, though more than twenty were fired, not one came on our
side of the ravine, or did any damage. The Battery got in at
daylight. As the work had three embrasures on I v. three of the
guns were temporarily useless, and had ^o be parked with the

K AT THE PAGE HOUSE. 249

caissons in the ravine, some distance in rear of the work. The
other three were run in by hand. The Page house redoubt was |

a mere nothing at this time to what it was when Battery K left j

it. It was an important position, for it constituted one of the 1

few places that commanded the city, and it was necessary to have 1

heavy works, on account of the close proximity to the enemy's |

lines and his heavy guns. Upon taking possession, Battery K |

went to work nights. Toiling diligently, it strengthened and \

enlarged the redoubt, cut three new embrasures, built a strong i

magazine, cut trenches and covered ways, and erected traverses j

and tomb proofs, the latter being necessary for protection \

against those furious and disagreeable visitors, the rebel mortar I

shells. In two weeks, Capt. Angel was able to bring up his i

other three guns. 1

June 30th, general firing took place along the lines. K fired |

300 shots — some into the city, some at moving bodies, some at |

rebel works. James Bessy had his right arm shot otf by the pre- |

mature discharge of a piece.

Artillery battles took place every day. The summer was so |

dry and the roads so dusty, that the movement of a regiment of
troops or a train of wagons or artillery, in either of the oppos-
ing armies in the day time, was accurately revealed by dense
clouds of dust. Johnnies and Yankees both fired at these
clouds of dust whenever they made their appearance, provoking
a return fire to silence them. July 2d, one of the most furious
and exciting of these artillery battles yet took place at 3:30 p. M.
The rebels opened with their heaviest guns. We had by this time
100 guns in position in our intrenchments. The rain of shells
uhich they now poured upon the rebel works was something
wonderful in warfare. The enemy could not stand it, and after
two hours' firing became silent. During the battle, Lieut.
Mowers and Sergt. Goodrich, of Battery E, had a narrow
escape. A shell passed through a tent in which the latter was
writing and the former making his toilet.

The Union artillery at Petersburg was reinforced on the 3d
of July by the welcome arrival of four guns of Battery H, 3d
Artillery, Capt. Riggs. They had landed at Bermuda Hundreds
on the ist, leaving the other two guns at Wilson's landing.
After two days in Butler's reserve artillery camp, they now
reported to Gen. Smith and went into the trenches. Birch-
meyer's section took position in the bastion next to its com-
rades of Battery K, on the right of the City Point Railroad, and
with solid shot cut down some trees masking a rebel battery.
Fay's gallant section was put into the front line, just inside the

250 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

old Petersburg race course, only forty rods from the enemy. On
the 6th, Fay performed the handsome feat of blowing up a rebel
magazine with a spherical case shot at 650 yards. Deserters
said that twenty-five men were killed by the explosion.

Next day the rebels made a rush for that part of our lines
defended by H and K. Our lookouts saw flags move behind
their works. The first thing we knew several regiments jumped
out, fired a heavy volley, driving the staves of three battle
flags into the parapet, they then fell back out of sight, but we
soon had two brigades firing at us hot and hard. In a moment
the rebels again jumped out and advanced. Batteries H and
K met them with shot, shell and cannister, and tore their line
to pieces, while our infantry manning the rifle pits two deep
plied it with vollies of musketry. In five minutes the charge
was repulsed and the enemy flying for his rifle pits. A second
and third attempt met with a similar fate. K's ammunition be-
ginning to fail in the course of the action the men brought a
supply from the rear under a galling fire, the ground being
highest back of the redoubt, thus exposing them to the sharp-
shooters. Ordinarily the danger of going out and in to the re-
doubt in the day time was so great that it was seldom under-
taken.

On the 8th, the right section of Battery E, Sergt. Goodrich's,
was ordered to report to Turner's Division of the loth Corps,
on the left of the i8th. Col. Burton, Chief of Artillery, on the
section reporting, placed it in one of the most dangerous and
celebrated positions on the whole Federal line of circumvalla-
tion. The Prince George turnpike entering Petersburg from the
east, (guarding which was the old rebel Battery 9 which the iSth
Corps, supported by Battery K, stormed on June i6th.) when near
the city, at a point a mile from the river, turns north at a right
angle and runs up, just in rear of our intrenchments, to an in-
tersection with the river road. West of this right angle, on the
lines, was a battery, called probably from its proximity to the
Hare House, the Hare Battery, though officially known as Fort
• Stedman. It stood on rising ground, and groves of oaks around
made it a beautiful spot. Within 400 yards of the rebel lines,
and a commanding position, it was a prize for the possession of
which more lives are believed to have been lost than at any other
point on our lines. We captured it originally from the rebels.
They continually charged on it in return. Before the siege
ended they recaptured it, and it was again retaken by us.
Goodrich's section, approaching this position on the 8th, unlim-
bered the guns in the rear and ran them in by hand, sending

K SHELLING THE CITY. 251

the horses back to the rest of the Battery. The section became
hotly engaged on the 9th. The enemy opened with heavy
volleys of musketry, the first shot we fired. His artillery
also opened, and our breastworks being light and insufficient,
were nearly knocked down. Three days were now consumed
in putting the work in defensive condition, and in rigging
up mantelets, or bullet-proof mats of rope, to protect the
men. The enemy meanwhile poured in an unremitting fire
of small shot and cannon shot. Sometimes not a shot could be
given in return. The men had to lay down and take it without
reply. But this could not be long endured, for the rebel miss-
iles raked the road in our rear, and did no small damage to our
troops. On the 13th, Goodrich was opened on with fury, and
returned the compliment so energetically that he shut up the
rebel guns in twenty-nine rounds. Our infantry all around
cheered at the result, and Gen. Curtis came in to the redoubt,
hat off, and sabre in hand, to express his pleasure. In this fight
Goodrich again displayed the qualities of a sterling soldier, ex-
posing himself freely to watch the execution of our shot. While
looking over the parapet once, his chin upon it, a ball buried
itself in the earth just a few inches in front, filling his eyes with
dirt The section engaged the enemy daily until the 22d, when
it was relieved by the other section. It returned to the Walthal
farm. On the 29th, it again changed places with the left sec-
tion, the latter returning to Walthal.

July 20th, liattery K got its other three guns into position at
the Page house. It was engaged every day. Sometimes it si-
lenced the enemy's batteries, to deter them from shelling our
troops. It battered the railroad bridge over the Appomattox,
when there was nothing else to do, and severely injured it.
Five ditferent times it fired the city of Petersburg and shelled
the part that was burning to prevent the flames being extin-
guished. A large part of the firing was on the city. Conspicu-
ous buildings and spires were made targets of and completely
riddled. Capt. Angel visited Petersburg after the capture, and
saw the effects of his shot everywhere. An old woman, living
in a brick house that he had often fired at, without knowing who
he was, told him the experiences she had had when "that ter-
rible battery on the hill," pointing out the exact site of Battery
K, opened fire. She had saved two case shot that had dropped
on her house without exploding, and Angel recognized them at
once as his ammunition. The old woman had a bomb proof in
her garden, of timbers and earth, that she and her household
fled to during the shelling.

252 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

K continued to pay its compliments to the city in the only
legal tender known \o it, case shot, fuse shell and percussion
shell, until relieved.

On the 27th, Lieut. Scotfs section of H came up from Wil-
son's landing. One gun reinforced each of the other sections.

On the gray dawn of the 30th of July, occurred a terrible
tragedy of the siege, the Mine. Batteries E, H, K and M all
had notice of the impending event, the afternoon before. A
mile and a half from the Appomattox stood, on our lines, the
strong Fort Morton, and immediately in front of it the working
parties of the 9th Corps, Burnside's, had pushed their trenches
up to within 150 yards of the rebel fortifications. Under a
massive earthwork, which was the principal- stronghold on this
part of the rebel line, there had been run a mine, and the work
was to be blown into the air at daylight. The Batteries were
notified that the explosion was to be the signal for a general ar-
tillery engagement. At 3 a, m. every gun was shotted and the
gunners waiting. The infantry was under arms. At a quarter
to five, the mine was sprung. Our officers felt the earth shud-
der under their feet, and, looking toward the south, they saw the
terrible spectacle. A huge, dense, dark column of earth spouted
into the air, bearing with it the guns and garrison of the fort. It
rose slowly up, black and awful, and then unfolding, spread out
like the smoke of a volcanic eruption. The sullen roar of the
detonation came a moment later. Then there leaped out on the
instant the peal of 120 guns from the Federal lines, and our
bursting shells tore the crest of the rebel works along the whole
front, and tossed up clouds of dust, that almost hid them from
view. The battle was soon over as far as the infantry was con-
cerned, Ledlie's division charging the crater, but not getting
through, and being repulsed with the loss of 4,400 men. But
an artillery battle raged nearly all day. The 3d New York Bat-
teries opened on the enemy across the river, the guns of E at
the Hare house only excepted. They were hotly answered, but
succeeded in reducing their opponents to silence, when they
turned some of their guns on the city. Battery K fired the city
in three places. We could hear the'bells ringing to summon the
firemen to the rescue, but K shelled the scene of conflagration
vigorously, and it may well be imagined that little was done to
stay the progress of the flames, * Nearly a whole square burnt
down in that fire. K fired 1,000 rounds', and M, H and E each
several hundred during the day. In the afternoon the rebels
charged on the position occupied bv the section of E at the
Hare house. They were repulsed by the infantry.

THE MINE.

253

The mine having failed to enable us to capture Cemetery Hill,
as was desired, and the artillery being exhausted by the' labo-
rious services of the month, such batteries as could be spared
were sent to the rear on the 31st, to enjoy a few days rest.
Batteries E, H and K of the 3d New York were among the
number. E, being first consolidated, went to Spring HilL It
was first ordered to City Point, for the purpose of going to Wash-
ington to aid in the operations against Early, the raider, who
had burnt Chambersburg, and was raising Ned generally on the
upper Potomac. But the order was rescinded. H encamped a
mile in rear of the lines. It had been under fire twentv-six
days, and had the following casualties : Corp. Tryon, wounded,
on the i8th; Throop and Perkins, same, 30th ; Craver, same,
mortally, 30th. K camped in rear of the lines.

Battery M, with its gallant personnel, remained at the front.
' The affair of the mine was a national disaster. In a country
like ours, where the prosecution of national enterprises, such as
that of a war, depends on public opinion, anything which tends
to shock or dismay the country or encourage the opposition
party, is a disaster to the cause. Our bloody repulse at the
mine deserves, therefore, to be designated by that title, for it
dejected the country and so strengthened the peace party of the
North as to throw many obstacles in the way of a vigorous
prosecution of the war. There was one at the head of the armv,
however, whom it never swerved for a moment. Brave, hopeful,
and determined, he left Government and the loyal men of the
North to take care of those opening "fire in the' rear," and ap-
plied himself afresh to the subjugation of the traitors in arms.

A few days rest only was allowed to those sent to the rear
to recuperate after the mine. The three New York Artillery
Batteries received orders to resume places in the trenches
agam, and came back; and all through August and September
remained where the battle raged fiercest, being under fire with
scarce a day's intermission.

Battery E left Spring Hill for the front, August 2d. March-
ing down the river road, the right section turned off on reaching
the Rushmore house, half a mile north of the old place at the
Walthal house, where, on the edge of the bluff, overlooking the
fleet, a redoubt had been built, enfilading Fort Clifton.

The left section marched on, and, at 9 p, m., entered the
trenches near the Hare house, on the left of the iSth Corps,
400 yards from the enemy's lines. The section went into the
uncouth, rough looking, but massive breastwork, with tiiick,
high walls, and so strong that no shot could hope to reach its

DOfl

254 3^ NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

defenders in the rear, except by horizontal fire through an em-
brasure, or by being dropped in from above by a mortar, and
that rarely if ever happened. Like all our works before Peters-
burg, the embrasures were reveted with gabions, and the em-
bankment partially so with plank, while the openings of the
embrasures were closed against the shot of the sharpshooting
fraternity by mantelets, heavy mats of rope, suspended from a
stout stick supported on forked saplings, the mats having an
aperture in the center, through which to thrust and aim the
small, tapering muzzles of the Battery's Parrots.

The adventurous volunteer, at this time, peeping over the top
of this work, to catch a view of the two opposing lines of fortifi-
cations, looked upon a scene of singular description. Before
him lay trenches, excavations, abattis of trees, embankments,
huge hemi-spherical bomb-proofs, lines of rifle pits, forts, and
batteries, in what seemed to be inextricable confusion. The
whole" surface of the earth for 400 yards, westwards, and as far
as the eye could reach, north and south, was dug over, and a
chaos of holes and ditches, and heaps and parapets of brown
earth, covered the green hillsides and valleys in all directions.
On close examination, however, the works would assume an ap-
pearance of regularity. The principal lines of works could be
traced out with considerable distinctness, the eye being assisted
therein by the curling clouds of smoke that rose from the mor-
tars and batteries posted at intervals along them. The rest
would then appear orderly and systematic. Back of the rebel
lines rose the gentle, rounded crest of Cemetery hill, with the
spires of the city and groves of trees peering above it.

The section of E at this point, Lieut. Goodrich commanding,
had a lively experience on the 4th. It had been definitely
known for several days that the rebels were tunneling out to-
wards the large fort, on the hill on the left of the section, to un-
dermine and blow it up, retaliating on us for the destruction of
their fort and its garrison of 200 men, July 30th. On the 3d,
everything was withdrawn from the hill to the next line in rear.
About 5 p. M. of the 4th, the ground shook, a rumbling roar was
heard, and a brown cloud of earth founted up one hundred
feet in height, almost in front of the section of Battery E. In-
stantly everv gun on the rebel lines awoke to action, and a pe-
culiarlv rapid and close fire was poured upon us. Our infantry
came up on the double quick, and formed two lines of battle in
rear of I'>.ittery E's position. Some advanced to the breastworks,
and seconded by the artillery, poured several destructive vollies
into the lebels, who were swarming out to make a charge. Per-

f ,'::■:?

E CONSOLIDATED ONCE MORE.

255

ceiving from the derisive cheers from our lines that their mine
was a failure, not a pound of dirt having been thrown by it into
our lines, and staggered by the iron hail we hurled upon them,
they fled incontinently for cover again. In half an hour the
firing subsided.

The 6th of August found E consolidated once more, under
Capt. Ashby's command, and in occupancy of Battery 5, on the
bank of the Appomattox. One gun was placed to bear on Pe-
tersburg, 1,500 yards away, the rest on the Chesterfield Battery
across the river. With E in position were four 8-inch mortars.
The battery across the river had a bad habit of opening on E
every night, about midnight, and firing for some hours. We al-
ways returned the fire. Both sides bombarded freely now every
night, principally with mortars. Sometimes forty were going at
once, spanning the heavens with arches of fire of peculiar bril-
liancy and beauty. In rear of E, on a hill, was mounted the
celebrated "Petersburg Express," which on these occasions
jomed energetically in the fray, firing over Battery E, sending
Its enormous projectiles into the city.

Battery H came up from the reserve camp on the 9th. Two
guns went into works on the right, and four on the left, of the
City Pomt and Petersburg railroad, where they remained inces-
santly engaged until Sept. 25th. A few casualties occurred
during this time, several of the men being wounded.

Battery K relieved M near Friend's house, on the Petersburg
road, and did good service there. M afterwards went to the
Hare house.

On the nth of August, the corps of Hancock was taken
from the Petersburg lines and sent to the north side of the
James, to attack the defenses of Richmond. The iSth Corps
was accordingly stretched out along the works to help fill the
gap, and, on the night of the 14th, Battery K marched to the
J-arter road and went into position in some works there, which
Dcjng poor the men repaired substantially. The Batterv re-
mained there under mortar and musketrv fire, day and night,
until August 22d, sending in well-directed' shots at the enemy,
wherever they were deemed to be most calculated to do service.

On the i8th, at i a. m., simultaneously with a night attack on
Hancock s Corps, north of the James, the rebels opened a ter-
nbie fire on the Petersburg lines, to cover that attack. It was a
beautiful moonlight night, and the incongruity of letting loose
upon the peaceful scene the horrors of war impressed itself on
the men, who, however, answered the rebels 'steadily, and after
two hours' bombardment silenced them.

2^6 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

All the Batteries sustained a furious fire, and were hotly en-
gaged from the iSth to the 21st. Warren's Corps at that time
had gained the VVeldon railroad on our extreme left, and was
fighting to hold it.

The iSth Corps having relieved the loth Corps on the Ber-
muda Hundreds lines, Battery K, on the 22d, marched thither,
crossing the Appomattox at night. It got in just at daylight
and ran four guns into Battery Marshall, at the central po'int^of
the lines. Two guns were placed in Fort McConihe, 200 yards
in front and to the right of the others. The Battery became
engaged at once. Its first shot entered a rebel embrasure ; it
silenced the guns in fifteen minutes. It remained here till
September 2Sth, in action constantly. To give an idea of the
work done by the Battery, itinay be stated that in the month of
July it fired in action 1,511 rounds of ammunition ; in August,
453 ; consisting of fuze shell, spherical case and percussion
shell, — in all, ten and a half tons of metal. The experience of
the rest of the 3d New York battalion was similar in every
respect.

Battery E after discharging from 50 to 250 rounds at the
Chesterfield Battery and the town, until September ist, with-
drew from the lines and went into camp in the rear for rest.

August 23d, M occupied Fort Wilcox, near the crater of the
Mine, and eng.iged the enemy only a few rods distant for two
days. On the 25th, it went to Hatcher's farm, on Bermuda
Hundreds, sending thence one section to Fort Anderson, in rear
of McConihe, and two sections to north of the James, where it
took position to defend our workmen employed in di<'^in^'
Butlers Dutch Gap Canal. ' *° °

Battery E was brought up to the peninsula September 15th,
relieving a regular battery at Cobb's Hill, which had been
shelled out the day before. The rebels tried that on E next
day, but found we had too heavy metal for them and they were
discomfitted. Battery H came up to the peninsula from the
Petersburg lines on the 25th.

The whole battalion had now concentrated on the Bermuda
Hundreds defenses.

Having extended the left flank of his armv to the Weldon
Railroad by the victories of August, and secured the ground
gained by impregnable intrenchments, Gen. Grant resolved on a
lurther extension of that flank and simultaneous extension of
the right, lo VNarren's Corps was committed the duty of the
operations on the lelt. That Corps did its dutv bravelv and
well, lo Butler, with his loth Corps, commanded by Birney,

CAPTURE OF FORT HARRISON, 257

and the iSth Corps, now under Ord, -constituting the Army of ,

the James, was entrusted the work on the right. Butler accord- 1

ingly crossed the James on the night of September 28th, at 1

Aiken's landinj^, near the straggling little village of Varina. \

The following day, the iSth Corps, supported by Batteries H, I

M and K, 3d New York, with other artillery, advanced up the ]

Varina road, and encountering the outer line of the defenses of '

Richmond, just below Chapin's Bluff, carried it by storm, in- I

duding Fort Harrison, its principal work, capturing fifteen guns. I

The loth Corps assaulted on the New ^Iarket road and gained ]

some trophies, while Kautz on the Charles City road charged 1

nearly into Richmond. It was a day of desperate fighting and \

deeds of unrivaled valor. Our interest centers in the doings of ^

the rSth Corps. " \

The artillery brigade followed the infantry of the corps in the I

road slowly up from the river. Our advance dispossessed \

the skirmishers of the enemy of four lines of rifle pits, one after ?

another, and pressing on through a heavily wooded, deserted I

region, at length, three miles from the landing, confronted the ]

main outer rebel line. A hill, commanding the road, was crested |

with the large work, Fort Harrison, mounting eight guns, and |

from it ran right and left a chain of intrenchments, running \

southward a mile and a half to the river, and northward inter- i

minably. Forming in the woods, the corps charged under a I

horrible fire, concentrated upon it not only by the rebel infantrv ]

and artillery posted behind the intrenchments, but the rebel |

rams in the river, which kept up a vigorous shelling. We carried i

everything. The rebels tied like sheep, leaving many prisoners 1

in our hands. A section of Battery K, under Lieut Starrin. \

followed the infantry in to the Fort. It went in on the run J

through the sally port. Before the pieces had fairly halted, the |

men sprang off from the limbers, unhitched the horses, and I

drove them off to a place of safety in the rear. This was a wise i

precaution, for the rebels had only retired from the Fort, which I

was open in the rear, to some log barracks, and they now as- '5

sailed the new comers into the work with their shot. ' Had the |

horses remained, there would have been great slaughter amon<:st a

them. The guns of the section quickly opened with percussion |

sheli at the barracks. Several of these destructive missiles '

were sent crackling through their walls. It stampeded the J

rebels in a moment and they evacuated and ran with singular j

unanimity and eagerness. The rebel rams and batteries in the
enemy's second line of works, on the other side of the gully,
in rear of Fort Harrison, were now throwing their iron into our
Q

258 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

position, taking many lives among the infantry. Gen. Burn-
ham, among others, was kiliecl, but by a bullet. He was in the
act of rejoicing at a shot fired by one of K's guns at a signal
officer, visible on Chapin's Bluff, driving him off, when the fatal
ball pierced him and he fell lifeless. The two guns of K were
then ordered to the rear. At 4 p. m. three of K's guns were
then ordered up again.

A detachment of Battery jM, under Sergt. Martin, took the
■works with the infantry' and turned some captured guns on the
retreating foe, firing seventy-five rounds of ammunition.

Butler attempted to carry the second line of the rebel works,
after capturing the first. A gallant charge was made, but it was
repulsed by Gen. Field with a loss to us of 300.

The army encamped on the field of battle.

Butler's advance alarmed the Confederate authorities, beyond
comparison with any preceding events of the campaign. Gen.
Lee at once came up in person, while his Quartermaster rushed
reinforcements in from Petersburg by train loads. Gen. Field
wished to attack and retake the captured lines that evening, but
he was over-ruled by his superiors, who put off the- assault till
next day.

Next day the enemy found us fully prepared to receive him.
When daylight dawned, a breastwork of rails, logs and earth
had been thrown up across the open rear of Fort Harrison, and
Battery K's six guns were rant^ed behind it with a strong sup-
port of infantry. Battery H was in another part of the intrench-
ments and the whole corps was judiciously and carefully dis-
posed by Gen. Weitzel at important points.

At 2 p. M., the rebels emerged from some woods opposite the
Fort, and formed in three coiumns, for an assault. They were
the men of the divisions of Gens. Hoke and Fields. Fields
formed opposite to the Fort, Hoke on his left. Owing to some
misunderstanding among the rebel commanders, one brigade
charged before the rest were ready, so that their assaults failed
to be made simultaneously, and they were accordingly very
badly cut up for their pains. As the brigade which charged on
the Fort advanced, it had to descend into the gully before men-
tioned as running in rear of the ibrt. As it descended the slope,
our infantry and Battery K opened a rapid and accurate fire,
which mowed the enemy down in swaths. The rebels came
to within 200 yards. Their courage oozed out at that point and
they ran back, leaving the ravine strewed with dead and
wounded. Battery H did equally good service in its front. The
rebel assaults, twice renewed, were everywhere repulsed, but

BATTLES AT FORT HARRISON.

259

. not until they had immolated 2,000 men in the mad attempt on
our lines.

Night fell on a bloody field ; but Fort Harrison and the in-
. trenchments had been held and saved, and a brilliant victory
perched upon the Union banners. For saving the Fort, Battery
K deserves to be accorded the principal honor.

Fighting was renewed on the i8th Corps's front the followint^
day, October ist, and again on the 2d. in which the artillery
bore an active part. On the 2d, the rebels opened on Fort
Harrison, (now called Fort Burnham,) with a mortar batter}', on
our working parties trying to throw up works. So many men
were brought down by their fire that the survivors could hardly
be kept at work. Forty were killed and the floor of a building
converted into a hospital was covered with wounded. Battery
K was invoked to silence the hostile battery, which it did with
a few sharp, quick discharges. The infantry was the wildest lot
of men on earth at the result. They commenced to cheer and
the cheer went all along the lines. In a short time the mortars
began again. K opened once more on them and reduced them
to silence a second time. At night four guns of the Battery
were moved to camp in rear of the Fort, the place being too ex-
posed to the heavy shells of the rebel rams, which they were
continually dropping in the vicinity of the works.

On the 7th, the enemy made a sally from Richmond and
attacked Kautz's cavalry on the right flank of the army. After
a brisk fight, the assault was repulsed. When the firing com-
menced, Capt. Angel limbered upj the four guns of K in camp
and moved at once, without orders, to Fort Burnham and en-
gaged the enemy until the battle on the right was over. The
Battery remained in the Fort for a long time, and made itself
comfortable quarters, a bomb proof and so on.

Butler's victory was of signal importance to our cause. It
gave us the outer line of defenses of Richmond for several
miles, which we converted at once into a line of siege, and it
placed us within easy striking distance of the city where we
could await an opportunity to strike an effective blow. By re-
quiring Lee to detach troops from his forces at Petersburg to
defend Richmond, it materially aided Gen. Grant in all his
offensive operations thereafter against Petersburg.

There now ensued a lull of three weeks in the larger opera-
tions of the department. Mutual bombardment and picket
firing alone relieved the monotony.

Ever since the taking of Fort Harrison, our left flank had been
annoyed by the shells of a flotilla of rebel iron clad rams and

i:-i-

260 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

gunboats in the river. A new fort was built on the bank of the
river to surprise these boats and drive them off. It stood a mile
above Dutch Gap Canal, on the north side, and was called Fort
Brady. Into this, during the night of October 20th, Battery E
was ordered from the Bermuda Hundreds lines. The guns were
in position by daylight. At that hour the rams and gunboats
came out from under a distant bank of the river. Battery E
and two large guns in Fort Brady with it opened lire. The
rams replied and also the rebel 100-pound Brooks Batter}' on
the south side of the river. Our shot drove the wooden gun-
boats out of range very soon. The rams stood our fire for an
hour and a half, our 20-pound and 30-pound shells crackling on
their iron armor like hail. At length the smoke-stack of one
was nearly shot away, and one of our shells burst in the after-
port of the Drewry\ disabling seven men, and they all having
been struck about twenty times apiece, they fled up stream, one
by one, and sought safety beyond the range of our guns. Bat-
ter}' E was subjected to a powerful shelling during the engage-
ment and fought with determined bravery. The only man hurt
was Michael Lynch, Capt. Ashby's Orderly, a brave, fine fellow,
who, while on horseback, had his foot carried away by a 100-
pound shell from the Brooks Battery. His horse was killed by
the same missile.

The further services of the 3d New York Batteries in this
department are briefly told.

Battery E, October 25th, moved to the vicinity of Fort Burn-
ham. The right section werrf on to the lines, north of the work ;
the left section, south of it, in Battery No. 2. November ist, it
marched to Camp Holley, at Spring Hill, on the right of the
Darbytown road, on the extreme right of the loth Army Corps,
three miles north-west of Deep Bottom. Here it went into win-
ter quarters. December loth, the Battery was turned out by
picket firing, and found that the rebel Field was making arecon-
noissance in force. He came to within 300 yards of our line:^.
We opened on his picket and other parties wherever they ap-
peared, firing 160 rounds. At night, the enemy retired. After
that there were occasional alarms, but no more fighting till the
close of the war.

Battery M, after the taking of Fort Harrison, remained on the
lines of earthworks, north of the James, all winter. Most of
the time it was at the fortified post of Deep Bottom, in an im-
penetrable swamp on the extreme richt of the Union line. In
November, the latter part, it was on the Bermuda lines, and was
in action 5e\'eral times. Marching thence, December loth, one

;a ;;

t>:'S

IN WINTER QUARTERS. 26 1

section took position at Camp Holley. Two sectfons went into
Battery No. 8, near by. On the lath, two sections moved to
Batteries No. i and No. 2 on the main line of the siege, one
section remaining at Battery No. 8. The material of which this
command was composed was of the very best quality. Owing
to the hardships of the service, the sufferings of the men in this
campaign were sometimes severe. Exposed to inclemencies of
the weather, through heat of summer and cold of winter, often
without tents or shelter, in the trenches, at the outposts, on the
march, situations all of them common, indeed, to all, they bore
themselves, nevertheless, with peculiar courage, fortitude and
devotion. They had a fighting Captain, and always stood by
him faithfully and patriotically. They were splendidly disci-
plined, too, and made one of the best batteries in the service.
As evidence of this, it may be mentioned that during the winter
of 1864, an order was issued by the corps commander, that a
furlough of twenty days would be granted each week, to be
given to him, who should be deemed the best soldier of each
brigade by a board of three commissioned officers. In the ar-
tillery brigade, the prize was given successively for several weeks
to CapL Howell's Battery, until an order from headquarters
withdrew that Battery from the lists, that others might have a
chance.

Battery H, after shifting its position on the Richmond lines
several times, on the 31st of October put four guns in Fort Burn-
ham and two in a battery near Fort Brady. December 4th, the
Battery moved to a lunette fort on the main line, on the left of
the New Market road, a mile from Fort Burnham, where it re-
mained for the winter. Camp was pitched some distance in
rear of the fort

Battery K about the same time moved to a redoubt on the
right of the same road, for the winter, camp being made of log
huts in rear of the work, the caissons and horses being quar-
tered at Spring Hill.

The winter slipped away quietly in the Army of the James,
only now and then an event happening to create excitement.
The 3d New York battalion received a large accession of new
recruits, in drilling whom, and in regular camp duties and camp
recreations, the time was principally spent.

Offensive operations were resumed in March, the rebels this
time taking the initiative. Grant had in contemplation a strong,
final effort to extend his left flank so as to surround Petersburg.
when a tremendous assault was delivered at daylight of March
aSth, on our batteries at the Hare house, by the rebel Gen.

262 3^ NEW-yORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Gordon. It came very near cutting our army in two. Fort
Stedman was captured and its guns turned at once on our own
lines. But, taking advantage of a moment of hesitancy in the
rebel attack, we charged back, drove the enemy out, and even
advanced our own lines by the capture of a part of his. Then
Grant took up the offensive. The bulk of the 19th Corps was
quietly withdrawn from the Richmond lines, and all that could
be spared of the whole army was massed on our extreme left.
Then Grant struck out on the 29th, and a series of terrific bat-
tles raged for four days on our left, while day and night our guns
on the Petersburg lines kept up a rapid bombardment.

In our forces north of the James, commanded now by Weit-
zel, the excitement day by day grew to be intense. All knew
that the end was near at hand. The booming of Grant's guns,
continuously heard, showed that the army was gaining ground.
And though the rebels in our front played bluff to the extent of
their power, and strove to keep up an appearance of being pres-
ent in force, their bands playing on all sides at night, and bodies
being constantly marched in plain sight to and fro, yet they
could not conceal that they had sent the last man that they
dared to, to reinforce Lee in the fight with Grant. Officers and
men went out every night to watch the bombardment of Peters-
burg, one of the most brilliant spectacles ever seen in any war.
On the night of Sunday, April 2d, all were on the qui vive.
The bombardment was unusually brisk. We could see the flash
of every gun and the track of every shell. Mysterious signal-
ing went on along the rebel lines continually. Rockets rose
from Richmond, and signal lights waved in succession at sta-
tions, going south till lost in the distance, with rockets inter-
mingled here and there. Back again the signaling would come,
and so till late in the ni^ht, and mystery and expectation filled
the air. One of the ofliicers of Battery H, 3d New York, while
at the redoubt under his command, saw a bright light in the di-
rection of Richmond, and soon after saw a stream of fire shoot
into the air, followed by a boom and jar that shook the ground.
These explosions continued, and it seems that they came to the
vigilant ear of Weitzel. Our pickets were ordered to advance
and capture a rebel, and at last by that agency and from contra-
bands who came in from Richmond, we learnt, with unspeakable
rapture, that Richmond and Petersburg had been evacuated.
The tidings flew along the lines like wildfire, and the troops
cheered and shouted like mad as they learnt the glorious news,
and excitement prevailed evervwhere.

Capt. Angel, Chief of Artillery on Weitzel's staff, now re-

CAPTURE OF RICHMOND. 263

celved orders to march at daylight with Battery K and the 5th
Pennsylvania Battery, as escort to the 3d Division, 24th Corps,
(colored,) by the New Market road to Richmond. Weitzel
waited till daylight for fear of rebel torpedoes in the road, and
then ordered the advance.

The march into Richmond was a race. The regiments of the
a4th Corps strove to outstrip each other on the road and the two
batteries did the same. And a pretty adventure it led to, too,
on the part of the latter. The batteries plying whip and spur at
length got ahead of the infantry and found themselves abreast
and going down hill on a lively trot towards a suburb of Rich-
mond, called Rockets. At the foot of the hill, a stream crossed
the road, and the bridge over it was not large enough for two.
Battery K used the lash freely and made a rush for the bridge,
and by dint of exertion managed to crowd the Pennsylvanians
away from it so effectually as to capsize one of their guns and
caissons with the teams into the creek. The rest of their train
came up standing, while Battery K thundered on by them in
triumph. Gen. Devon viewed this proceeding, however, with
some impatience. He rode up and made a few highly spiced
remarks about going into an enemy's city artillery in front, and
Battery K was accordingly reined up until the infantry came up
and took the advance. It then resumed the march and was the
first battery of Federal artillery in Richmond.

The city was on fire as we entered, having been kindled by
the rebe!^ previous to evacuation. The main business street was
falling in ruins its whole length. Gen. Weitzel had already
arrived and the populace thronged the streets and waved their
hats and handkerchiefs and cheered a welcome of great friendli-
ness. The colored people's joy knew no bounds and they were
very demonstrative.

We cannot here dwell on the particulars of the occupation
of Richmond. They are better told in the more pretentious
histories of the war. We may say, however, that the city was
at once placed under martial law and the artillery did guard
duty till order was restored, the flames subdued and the troops
from the fprtifications brought up to garrison the place. Bat-
teries E, H and M were all brought up as soon as possible and
the battalion of the 3d New York thus once more consolidated.

The battalion camped in the city. Here it remained till
ordered home for muster out. A portion of the time Battery K
and one other bauery were stationed in Manchester across the
river.

264 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

IN THE ARMY OF THE OHIO.

ScliofieU i» North Carolin»— Sherman** Engineers Studying up the Brnfge Qoertion
— Stewart's Map — Band-Box Artillery — The MoTcment on Goldsboro — At
WUe's Forks — Intrenching in the Woods — The Desperate Assaults of Hoke
■—The Band-Box Artillery Repdiing a Surprise — In Kinston — AdTance to
Goldsboro— Foraging — The Signal Guns — Sherman's Bummers — Junction
with Sherman — Adrance to Raleigh — Sorrender of Johnston — The Great
RcYicw— Return to Newbern — Schofidd's Farewell.

The closing scenes of the vrar in North Carolina now engage

our attention, and our narrative returns to that State. We are
now to glance at the brave services of five companies of the 3d
Artillery, with the forces of Gen. Schofield, in co-operation with
the forces of Gen. Sherman.

And first a few general incidents and remarks. Butler having
failed in November, 1864, to capture Fort Fisher, commanding
the entrance to the harbor of Wilmington, N. C, Gen. Grant
sent Gen. Terr}% with the joth Army Corps, 10,000 strong, to
make a second attempt in January, 1865. Terry was entirely
successful. He assaulted the fort on January 25th, and carried
it, after a bloody and terrible fight. This was the first important
incident of the year in North Carolina, and it had a direct bear-
ing on the campaign about to be inaugurated by Gen. Sherman,
with the full concurrence of Gen. Grant.

Sherman, then at Savannah, was soon to "dive into the inte-

, rior again and disappear from view." In a letter to Gen.

Palmer, he said, " Goldsboro is the strategetic point I shall aioa to

GETTING GUNS FOR NEW BATTIRIES. 26?

secure in North Carolina." Anticipating that after his march
through South t^arolina, he would be in need of clothing and
subsistence, he desired to establish himself, after reaching North
Carolina, at some point where he could have railroads to the
coast to supply him with all the articles he needed. At Golds-
boro he would have them, two in number, one to Newbern, one
to Wilmington, and Terry was sent to Carolina to make the
latter sure, by capturing its terminus, and then by advancing at
the proper time to Goldsboro, and opening it up to travel.
Terry remained quietly at Fort Fisher for some weeks after his
victory, \yaiting for further developments.

The District of North Carolina had been commanded since
April 25, 1864, by Gen. Innis N. Palmer. In January, 1865, by
order of the War Department, it was separated from Butler's
Military Division of the James, and transferred to the Depart-
ment of the South, under the authority of Sherman. Gen. J. G.
Foster took command of North Carolina as part of that de-
partment, January i6th. Gen. Palmer, however, retained com-
mand of his District, now called District of Beaufort, having
under him at Newbern and in the State, about 5,000 men.
Among the number were five Batteries of the 3d Artillery, viz :
A, C, D, G, and I, each having 180 men, or 900 in all. All
were mounted, except Battery A. I, being an old company, had
had guns for some time, and C, D, and G had obtained arma-
ment through the efforts of Col. Stewart, who, it may be said by
the way, had no little difficulty in getting it, especially for D and
G. His requisition for guns had been approved by the Generals
commanding the district and department, but for some reason it
encountered the opposition of Secretary Stanton, and fresh
etforts only served to make the iron Secretary obstinate. But
Col. Stewart had set his heart on mounting the new batteries,
and he very seldom made up his mind to a thing of this sort
without effecting his purpose. Horses, picked up here and
there were given to the batteries to learn the riding-school drill,
and the Colonel resolved to see the President Leaves of ab-
sence were not granted then. So he managed to be sent to
Washington as bearer of dispatches. Arriving in that city, he
went first to the arsenal, to assure himself that guns were to be
it n 1 ^ y ^""'^^^ °" *^^ President. Mr. Lincoln looked on
ine Lolonel s application with favor, and, remembering the early
history of the regiment, detained the Colonel for half an hour
to hear the recital of its subsequent campaigns and brilliant ser-
vices He was profoundly interested, and concluded the inter-
view by writing a few words on a slip of paper, which he asked

'■'-l-

266 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

the Colonel to hand to Secretary Stanton. The slip was pre^

sented the same day. The Secretary looked a little black, |

and gave the Colonel a look like that of a raging lion, as he t

discovered that the President had ordered the mounting of the ]

two batteries. After satisfying himself that there were guns to ',

be had in Washington, he then issued an order for their transfer j

to Col. Stewart, who took it in triumph to the proper authorities, |

and soon had the precious cannon loaded upon a vessel and on j

their way to Newbern. Horses were obtained for the batteries I

• then without much difficulty. '

As the time approached for Sherman to begin his march from
Savannah, the importance of securing Goldsboro as a new base
of operations, became more and more apparent. " If Lee lets
us get that position," wrote Sherman to Grant, " he is gone up."

Grant now determined to send reinforcements to the army in
North Carolina, so that when a demonstration was made, it
might be of such magnitude as to put its failure out of question.
The 23d Army Corps, known as the Army of the Ohio, 21,000
strong, commanded by Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield, was selected
for the purpose. It was a splendid body of men, had never
known defeat, and had served with Sherman before. In con-
junction with the Armies of the Tennessee and Cumberland, it
had, under that General, aided in the capture of Atlanta, the
previous summer. It was now brought around from Tennessee,
and, on the 9th of February, Schofield arrived in North Caro-

• lina with his advance by boats from Annapolis. Md. He landed
at Fort Fisher, and the same day issued an order assuming com-
mand of the State. His first object was to capture Wilmington,
which lay some twenty miles up from the fort. He entered that

• city on the zzd. Leaving Terry, with his loth Corps, in occu-
pation there, he then sent around Gen. J. D. Cox's division of
the 23d Corps by boats to Beaufort, and thence by rail to New-
bern, preparatory to an advance from that point on Goldsboro.

Meanwhile, Sherman had, on February ist, started from
Savannah and Pocotaligo and was now marching through South
Carolina, leaving a track of devastation behind him ten miles
in width.

One of his last orders, previous to marching, was directed to
Gen. McCallum, chief of his construction and railroad building
corps, under date of January 29th. It directed the General to
" transport Col. W. W. Wright (second in command to Mc-
Callum) and his operators to Newbern, ♦ * * ^nd
to prepare timber, iron, cars and locomotives adapted to the
road of North Carolina, enough to build out to Goldsboro, when

STUDYING UP THE BRIDGE QUESTION. 26/

yoii can get possession ot the road." The order was obeyed,
and in due time the General arrived in Newbern with his en-
gineers. Rightly anticipating that the rebels would burn the
bridges and destroy the railroad leading up from Newbern to
Goldsboro, the one we valued most, as soon as they discovered
our intention to advance along the line of it on Goldsboro, he at
once applied himself assiduously to gain all information possi-
ble, relative to the road, so that, when our army advanced, he
might be in a position to restore it as fast as the rebels tore it
up. In this, Col. Stewart, who had formerly been Chief En-
gineer of the Army of North Carolina, and accompanied the
grand Foster expedition of '62 in that capacity, had the pleasure
of rendering an important service. Stewart had had the rare
good fortune to find an engineering treasure, when the 3d Ar-
tillery first arrived at Newbern in April, 1862. In a house in
the town he discovered the map of a rebel engineer, delineating
the whole river country from Morehead city to Raleigh, laying
down every bridge in the entire distance. The length of each
bridge was given, with its name and exact location. The Col-
onel laid it carefully aside at the time, knowing that it would be
of use some day, and had afterwards established its accuracy,
at least in part, by measuring the long railroad bridge over the
Trent at Newbern and others toward Morehead city. Measure-
ments in all cases agreed exactly with those stated on the map.
It was fair to infer that the figures in relation to bridges to-
wards Goldsboro and Raleigh must also be exact. And this
afterwards proved to be the case. The map was of great service
on the Foster expedition, but more so now. When McCallum
arrived at Newbern, he invited Stewart, as former Engineer, to
a private consultation. The Colonel of course complied, and
took his map with him. McCallum was delighted with it beyond
measure, and said " it was the best thing they had found yet."
After a long interview, the results of which one of the General's
staff took down in short-hand, the General saw his way perfectly
clear and was able to layout his work for the campaign at once.
He accordingly sent men into the woods, and ha:d not only a
sufficient quantity of ties cut to rebuild the road, but had timber
^ot out for the bridges and piled up by the side of the road.
Then, when we advanced, his men put the timber on railroad
trains and sent it to the front, and whenever a bridge was burnt
he was able to put it up again with a celerity that perfectly as-
tounded the retreating rebels. It enabled us to keep up a
sharp pursuit. After Johnston was captured, he inquired among
our officers for " the man who could build bridges faster than
he could burn them."

2618 3D NEW-VORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

The last days of February were enlivened at Nevvbern by the
sodden advent of a number of rough-looking, weather-beaten,
western regiments, with tattered battle flags, from Wilmington,
composing the advance brigades of Cox's division of the 23d
Army Corps. Cox assumed command at Newbem, and en-
camped his men just outside the town, to snatch a little rest,
preparatory to the grand forward movement, which was now
near at hand. There was of course a great deal of fraterniza-
tion between Palmer's regiments and Cox's, in the meanwhile,
and the men visited each other's camps. Attention seems to
have been particularly attracted at this time to the natty appear-
ance of the 3d New York. It was a part of the thorough and
splendid discipline, infused into that regiment, peculiarly by Col.
Stewart and afterwards adopted and maintained by officers of
all ranks, to require the utmost attainable neatness throughout
in uniforms, arms and equipments. Buttons, buckles, and the
iron and brass work of the gun carriages and caissons were
always polished, the guns shone like mirrors, the harness was
always blacked, and slouchiness in uniforms while on duty was
not endured for a moment. The Western men showed a pro-
pensity to ridicule this, and considerable was heard at this time
about "the band-box artillery." Our men took it good natured-
ly, and their superb conduct in the field, a few days later,
entirely altered the ideas of the Western men ; the popular
phrase was then " Well, well, these band-box boys can fight, after
all."

March ist, the troops, assembled at Newbern, were organized
by Gen. Cox for the expedition. He formed them into two Dis-
trict of Beaufort divisions, each about 6,000 strong, and en-
trusted them to the command of Gen. I. N. Palmer and Gen. S.
P. Carter, respectively. To the 1st Division he assigned the
following artillery: Battery C, :^d New York, Capt. Mercer
commanding, six guns, Rodmans ; Battery D, 3d New York,
Capt Van Husen commanding, six guns, Rodmans ; a Michigan
battery, four guns. To the 2d Division he assigned the follow-
ing : Battery A, 3d New York, Capt. Russell, serving as heavy
artiller>', armed with muskets ; Battery G, 3d New York, Capt.
Wm. H. Kelsey, six 12-pound Napoleons; Battery 1,3d New
York, Lieut. Richardson, four 12-pound Napoleons.

Two guns of Battery I were left at Newbern. Also, the 24th
New York Independent Battery, which, by the way, on the 6th
of March, became incorporated as one of the companies of the
3d Artillery, receiving the designation of Battery L. This Bat-
tery was raised in the fall of 1 861, in Monroe and Wyoming

n,.'

r1 ^'.;•^^■^^

•'!

'i ;-

THE FORWARD MOVEMENT BEGINS. 26Q

counties, N. Y., under the captaincy of Jay E. Lee, mustering in
December 6th, as Company B of the Rocket battalion. The bat-
talion being soon after broken up, the company became the 24th
New York Battery. Going to North Carolina in 1862, it had
done excellently there since, and won distinguished laurels at
"Kinston," "Whitehall," and "Goldsboro." " Newbern"
and "Plymouth" were also inscribed on its flag. Entering
the 3d Artillery at this time, it now filled the place, which, up
to this date, had been nominally occupied on the rolls of the
regiment by the ist New York Battery, the latter being now
dropped by direction of the War Department.

The forward movement from Newbern began on the 3d of
March in obedience to the orders of Gen. Schofield. Several
regiments marched at daylight, Battery A being among the first
organizations on the road. They went out by the Neuse turn-
pike and pushed rapidly on to Core Creek, eighteen miles from
Newbern, and a little beyond. Various regiments and batteries
followed, all rendezvousing at Core Creek at sunset, after a hard,
wet niarch, the roads being so boggy that the men sometimes
waded in mud and slush to their knees. By orders of Gen.
Cox all were in the lightest marching order possible No
baggage was taken save shelter tents, blankets and extra rations.
The troops encamped for the night at Core Creek, and alon^ the
sides of the road forking to the left at this point and run°ning
diagonally across the upper end of Dover Swamp on its way to
an intersection with a highway, leaving the Trent road in a sim-
ilar manner and running in a direct line to Kinston. Our ad-
vance camped near the railroad, about midway between the
Neuse and Trent roads.

The day of this advance. Col. Stewart was assigned to dutv
bv Gen. Cox as Chief of Artillery of North Carolina at
Newbern.

Troops of all descriptions continued to arrive at Core Creek
every hour during the 4th, 5th and 6th, until Palmer's and Car-
ter s divisions had all come up. The 4th was rainy, increasing
the bogginess of the roads, and everybody was wet and uncom-
lortabie, the shelter tents of the infantry and the paulins of the
artillery attordmg only a partial protection against the elements
Ihe 5th was a better day and quite endurable.

The army broke camp at daylight of the 6th and moved slowly
ahead towards Kinston. The country here was almost a dead
level, and so heavily shaded with thick pine woods that the
drainage was poor and the roads, which were mere crioomy
lorest avenues, were muddy beyond description. Besides the

270 3^ NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

impediment of mud the army encountered in its march a block-
ade of the roads for miles by trees, which the rebels had not failed
to cut down so as to fall across them. Every axe in the army
was pressed into the service and men were sent to the front
from every regiment and nearly every battery to wield them,
constituting a large pioneer brigade, which, moving in the ad-
vance, cleared away the trees with all the speed possible. The
army made only about six miles, however, during the day, and
then encamped in the mud for the night. Heavy picket firing
took place after dark at the front. |

Next day, the 7th, the two divisions again advanced, meeting I
with the same experiences of muddy and blockaded roads, and 1
driving back strong parties of the enemy, who skirmished sharp- j
ly in their front. A few miles out they approached South West \
creek, a goodly-sized tributary of the Neuse, which ran across 1
our route at right angles. This stream, taking its way through \
the forest, was, in this part of its course, bridged at two points, I
about two miles apart, viz : where it was intersected by the I
Neuse road and the road before referred as coming from the \
Trent river. Here we found the rebels, prepared to dispute the j
crossing of both bridges, with infantry and artillery in strong \

■ force. Our skirmishers, advancing to the edge of an opening j
along the side of the creek we were on, engaged the enemy to \
draw him out, while Lieut. Stevenson's section of Battery D j

came up to within range of the bridge on the left, and shelled j

a rebel redoubt thrown up on the other bank. The enemy re- j

plied with artillery, with unexpected animation, though without j

doing any damage beyond breaking the trail of one of j

Stevenson's pieces, and wounding a horse. The skirmish hav- |

ing developed the strength of the enemy, our army was de- |

ployed into line of battle. Palmer on the right, covering the j

Neuse road and the railroad a mile to the left, our extreme left
flank being opposite to the bridge, whose defenders were shelled
by the section of Battery D. The locality was known variously
by the name of Wise's forks, or British cross roads, deriving its
name from two roads that ran across between the Neuse road and
the turnpike on our left, crossing each other in so doing like an
X. At sundown, Stevenson was recalled from the front, and,
having fired a hundred good shots at the enemy, marched
through the woods, which covered this whole region, and in
which our line of battle was formed, to the extreme right of the
line. He then made a new trail ; by morning, Battery D had
six effective guns again. Upon Stevenson's recall. Battery I

'supplied his place on the turnpike, but some distance in rear of

:- :kjU

■INTRENCHING AT SOUTH-WEST CREEK. 27I

the position he had occupied, being supported there by Col. Up-
ham's regiment, the 15th Connecticut, a new and large command,
and by Col. Bartholomew's, the 27th Massachusetts, which were
posted each side of it in the woods.

Previous to the advance from Newbern, Gen. Sherman had
made known to Schofield his wish that this column should ad-
vance cautiously and take no great risks. In deference to these
instructions, Gen. Cox forebore to attack the rebel intrench-
ments at South West creek, and instead of that ordered the
army to intrench, to await the arrival of Couch, with the 2d Di-
vision of the 23d Corps, who was now coming up across the
country towards Wise's forks, from Wilmington. At nightfall
the work began. A line of works was traced out through the
voods, parallel to the creek And a mile or so from it. Every
regiment and battery having an axe then sent a stout volunteer
with it to the front, and, as the night deepened, the forest rang
with the sturdy blows of the woodchoppers along the whole line.
The trees at first were all cut so as to be just ready to fall.
Those on the extreme right were then toppled over. Falling
against their next neighbors, they pushed them down, and so it
went along the entire line. Trees were falling for as much as
ten minutes. The pioneers then attacked the prostrate trunks,
cut them up, and formed a barricade of logs along our whole
front, as a foundation for the works. Infantry and artillery then
called into requisition spades, tin plates, and bayonets, and cov-
ered the barricades with earth three or four feet high. The axe
men meanwhile advanced and made a wide slashing, cutting
down the timber in front for 200 yards. A clear space
was thus created, which could be swept by our fire with telling
effect, while the fallen trees made an abattissure to derange and
demoralize any column that might attempt to charge through it.
Battery A had t^venty or twenty-five axes at work all through the
night. Other batteries had a few. By morning the works were
done, and the infantry and artillery all either posted in them or
in camp at such convenient places in the rear as to be able to
re.-\ch them on a moment's notice.

Theconstructionof these works, so energetically pushed, was
admirably timed. Hard fighting took place on the 8th. Hoke,
who had been expelled from Wilmington by Schofield, had now
been reinforced by part of Cheatham's Corps from Tennessee,
and attacked our position in strong force. The works did ex-
cellent service in the battle.

Hearing nothing especial from the enemy on the morning of
the 8th, early in the day Gen. Carter sent out the 15th Connec-

r.^l.i

272 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

ticut, 27th Massachusetts, a squad of the 12th Cavalry, and
Lieut Seymour's section of Battery I, from the breastworks,
under command • of Col. Upham, to see if the rebels were still
at the bridge. Advancing a mile or more, till within r,ooo
yards of the bridge, the guns unlimbered and shelled the
rebel position and some buildings near by it, called Jack-
son's mills. Our shots failed to provoke the least reply. Sey-
mour continued firing at intervals for about three hours. Then,
without the slightest warning, the din of battle broke out on
every side of him in the woods, in the rear, with all the fury
of a tropical tornado, and swept rapidly down towards the spot
where he was posted. Hoke had brought around three entire
brigades of rebels," and interposed them between Col. Upham's
little force and our works. Seymour realized the situation the
moment he heard the chorus of those unmistakable short, sharp,,
rebel yells and the sputtering fire of musketry. He instantly'
limbered up the guns and msde a rush to get to the rear. One
piece, being in the road, got a good start. It met the rebels
coming on down the road and through the woods,' in a heavy
line, yelling and shooting, and thundered right through their
midst, they very discreetly taking themselves out of the way of
his unceremonious charge. The piece was saluted with a shower
of bullets, however, as it sped through the line, and one of the
drivers, named John Bennett, was shot through the body. He
retained his seat till the gun reached the works in safety, when,
being helped down from his horse, he died instantly. The
other piece met with a less fortunate fate. Being out of the
road, in a deep thicket, some moments elapsed before it could
start, and it had hardly gone twenty yards before the gray coats
came pouring through the forest all around it. A hundred
rifles emptied their lead «pon the horses, and several of
the gallant animals bit the dust under that withering fire. The
drivers instantly jumped down from the horses' backs, and the
cannoneers from the limbers, and ran into the woods. Some
escaped ; but John Hart, James Hart, John C. Langham,
Addison J. Hawks, and Anthony Kellaborn were captured,
and soon found themselves presided over by a rebel guard. Our
handsome gun was also taken, there being no possible rescue
after the shooting of the horses.

Though flanked and surprised, Col. Upham's infantry made a
desperate fight. The 27th Massachusetts plied the bavonetand
made a resolute and partially successful attempt to break its
way out through the rebel line. But the enemy was too strong,
and 700 men of that regiment and 15th Connecticut, and 12th

.f.-r.

HOKE ATTACKS OUR WORKS. 2/3

Cavalry were captured. The rest found their way back to the
works singly or in squads.

Immediately after the discomfiture of Col. Upham, Hoke
made a strong attack on the left and center of our works, occu-
pying the right at different times by demonstrations in some
force in that direction. Aware that we expected the arrival of
Couch in a few days, he attempted to crush Cox before Couch
should come up, in imitation of the strategy of Napoleon.
Filling the woods in our front with infantry, he poured a steady
fire of musketry into our position, and ever and anon tried to
charge with heavy columns through the slashing and abattis of
felled trees that strewed its surface upon us. He found every one
of our regiments in position, however, and our works crested with
gleaming rifle barrels, angrily spitting lead upon his advances,
and cannon, vomiting shot, shell, and cannister. The batteries
of the 3d New York were at the works, with nearly all their
guns, and whenever, amongst the trees across the opening, the
gray lines appeared, the thunderous reverberations with which
they filled those gloomy woods were not more awful than the
carnage inflicted by the storm of iron hurled upon the advanc-
ing rebels, whose assaults they invariably checked. The hardest
fighting occurred in the center of our long line. We were
weakest in that place, and Hoke made a persistent effort to
pierce us there. He carried a. skirmish line of rifle pits, and
pressed the main works hard. Battery C and Battery D, the
latter with four guns, were at this point, and the enemy subjected
them to a galling fire both of musketry and cannon shot, and at
one time it seemed as though we must be driven from our posi-
tion. But the men behaved in splendid style, and stood to their
posts in the hottest of the fray, without faltering for a moment.
At the critical juncture, an opportune reinforcement arrived from
Newbern, in the shape of Gen. Ruger with a division of in-
fantry from Schofield. Coming up on the turnpike on our left,
the new regiments stacked knapsacks hastily by the roadside,
and ^ bustled off, one after another, to the threatened center.
Their arrival put new strength into our army, and we wreaked
ample vengeance on the rebels for the capture of the men of
Col. Upham. After a short interval of heaVy firing, the enemy
desisted from the attack, and soon retired, leaving the slashing
and the woods beyond strewn thick with hundreds of his dead
and dying men. As he began to yield, Col. Malloy's brigade of
Carter's division charged out and retook the lost rifle pits.

Our loss in this affair was slight, owing to the efficient protec-
tion afforded by the breastworks. That of the rebels was severe
R

274 3° NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. ^. ■* •

and amounted to several hundred killed and wouuded. Battery
C, of- the 3d New York, had \Vm. A. Foster killed, and Patrick i
Quagley, Edgar Kane, DeKalb Hummel, Thomas Welch and I
John Ackerman wounded ; also two horses disabled. Battery " 1
D lost five horses. |

Battery A, 3d New York, was briskly engaged at various times i
through the day in the center of our lines. Battery G came |
into action on the left and silenced two rebel guns at 1,800 '
yards distance. One of them was possibly the captured gun of i
Battery I, which the rebels shelled us with at times during the i
day. . I

Scattered firing took place through the night of the 8th, The I
troops slept on their arms in their little shelter tents close be-
hind the works. On the 9th, it rained nearly all day. It was
dismal enough for our men in the dripping woods, but they en-
chared all discomforts without a murmur and remained ceaselessly
on the alert and were instantly at their posts whenever the rebels
showed a disposition to assault. Hoke skirmished sharply from
dawn to sunset and towards evening assaulted on the right, but
was repulsed. Part of Battery A did picket duty in front of
the works to-day and James Griffin was severely wounded in
the arm with a bullet while so engaged. On the left of our
lines, the rebels limited their attentions to a vigorous shelling.
Our artillery was not allowed to reply. We had three batteries
there — G and I, of the 3d New York, and the Michigan battery,
and Lieut. Richardson, commanding I, ventured to suggest to
Gen. Carter, who, with a group of officers, sat on a knoll near
by in the rear, in conversation, that our guns could shut the
rebels up in short order if he would grant permission. A
splendid looking elderly officer in the group spoke up in reply,
" You'll all have business enough to-morrow." It was Gen.
Schofield, who had just arrived from Newbern. The General
was quite correct in his prediction.

Hoke spent the 9th in arranging a little piece of strategy by
which he yet hoped to compass the defeat cf our forces at South
West Creek before the arrival of Couch. The character of it
was unfolded in the early forenoon of the 10th.

The breastwork-s which extended along the front of our posi-
tion, after crossing the Kinston turnpike on our left flank,
turned at a right angle and ran to the rear, parallel to and cover-
ing the pike, extending through thick woods a distance of half
a mile or more to a road running out westward, on which Couch
was expected to come up. For the defense of this part of the
li n^, Batteries G and I and the 6th Michigan were stationed.

HOKE TRIES AGAIN. 275

Battery I made its own breastwork here, using logs for a founda-
tion and throwing up the dirt with their all-useful tin plates.
The front of the work was protected by the same sort of a
slashing as in other parts of the position.

Up the westward-running cross road, spoken of above, our
officers were beginning to turn anxious eyes hoping to discover
the advent of Couch. In his stead, however, on the morning of
the loth, there suddenly and unexpectedly appeared the unwel-
come apparition of a whole corps of butternut-coated rebels
under the command of Hoke. Under cover of the woods they
had managed to creep up almost within easy musket range of
us without betraying the magnitude of their movement. They
had a dense, deep column on the road, and in the woods on
their right a perfect cloud of regiments and brigades. And
now, pouring in heavy vollies of musketry, they made a desper-
ate rush at our lines. The peculiar circumstances of our situa-
tion, buried as we were in the heart of the forest, from the con-
cealment of whose thickets an enemy was liable to burst at any
moment, had, however, prepared our men for just this very con-
tingency. They had been from the first in momentary readiness
for action, and scarce had the rebel charge fairly begun before
we met it with a withering and demoralizing fire of cannon shot
and musketry. One of I's guns was in the pike commanding
the cross road. The moment the rebel column came in sight,
it opened upon it with every variety of missiles in the
calendar. Shot after shot tore its way through the butternut
ranks, ploughing them in the direction of their greatest depth
with deadly execution, while the infantry plied them hotly with
musketry. Under the influence of its own momentum, the
column still came on, but more slowly and still more slowly,
while the gun kept steadily and pitilessly at work upon it, and
great gaps^and lanes opened in it, and finally within a few rods
of our position it halted. A moment later, it lost all formation
and order and ran in ever>' direction in confusion for shelter in
the woods. In the road were left scores of prostrate forms,
stiffening in death or writhing in pain, and arms and equip-
ments in profusion.

Meanwhile the rebel brigades in the woods had made a simul-
taneous advance. It can scarcely be called a charge. It was
not fast enough. But it came on grand, compact, steady, like a
tidal wave. Upon it Battery G, from a knoll in rear of I,
now directed its most strenuous fire, seconded by the other
guns of I, while the infantry greeted it with a rapid hail ot
small shot. The rebel line melted under the punishraent we

276 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

put upon it, and its men were falling by scores ; but it pressed
on with a courage unsurpassed on any of the battle fields of the
war until it reached the abattis. It stood here for a while ex-
changing rapid and heavy vollies with the Union works. The
roar of the battle at this time was terrible. The woods acted
with the acoustic force of a mighty sounding board and the
varied sounds of the conflict, caught up and reverberated on all
sides, made a pandemonium which those who heard it do not
particularly long to ever hear again. The defenders of our
attacked left flank were reinforced early in the action by several
regiments and Battery A from the right of Carter's division.
They came into position on the extreme left and added their fire
to that to which the rebels were already subjected. As Battery
A crossed the turnpike on a double-quick to reach its place in
the works, a harmless volley was fired upon it from the woods ;
but some of the bullets went over and fell among Gen. Carter
and his staff officers who were watching the battle, killing two of
their horses. After a stubborn fight of about ten minutes dura-
tion the rebel line was repulsed and hurled back to a place of
safety in the heart of the woods.

As the butternuts retreated, the boys in blue sprang to their
feet and gave tremendous cheers. These jubilant shouts were
the means of a second Confederate defeat. Hoke had placed
a large body of troops oj'posite to our center, with instructions
to lie in ambush and await the moment when he should signify
his victory on our left by cheers. They were to charge. When
they heard our men shout these rebels came out of their thicket
and made the prescribed assault, which, as we were then at lib-
erty to give it all necessary attention, was signally repulsed.

But the battle was not over on the left flank yet. The enemy
had reformed his broken lines, and in a few moments charged
again, under cover of a heavy fire of sharpshooters. The as-
sault was not so resolute as the first,- and was repulsed with
heavy slaughter.

The rebels rallied once more, however, and now made the
most desperate and persistent assault of the day. They charged
into the abattis with the most utter recklessness, and then v.ork-
ing tiieir way through, they came raging on, until some of them
were actually shot down within six feet of our guns. It was the
crisis of the battle, and artillery and infantry toiled at their re-
spective arms to the utmost stretch of their energy. So rapid
was the firing that the sound was one continuous roll oi thunder.
In this a.ssault the enemy met his heaviest loss. The main body
of the charging line was at last again hurled back in complete

;, r i'« j:'..

COUCH ARRIVES. 2/7

rout, but nearly a thousand of the men, entangled in the abattis,
could not escape, and accordingly fell down on the ground and
held up their hands. Slackening our fire at this, a regiment of
men charged out of the works and captured the whole lot. They
were mostly Alabamians.

Cheer after cheer rent the air and made the forest aisles ring
at the glorious result, and comrades sought each other out for
enthusiastic congratulations on the victory. All instinctively
felt that that was the last of Mr. Hoke for some time to come.
As that daring leader's horse had dashed riderless into our lines
during the fight, some thought it was the last of him forever.
It turned out, however, that Hoke was not killed. He had only
been unhorsed and defeated.

The fight, in its severity, was but half an hour's duration alto-
gether. Our loss scarce exceeded 200. The Confederates lost
over 2,000. Four hundred of their dead and wounded were
found on the cross-road and in the abattis alone. Owing to the
protection of the works, although under galling and incessant
fire, the 3d Artillery had few casualties. They were Thomas
McHenry and James Thompson, Battery G, wounded. Also a
few horses killed and wounded. Our army captured in all at
South West creek about 2,000 prisoners.

Hoke's punishment unfitted him for further aggressiveness
after his repulse, and he quietly withdrew to his works.

The snatching of a victory from what at first threatened to
be a terrible disaster to our army in this battle, was largely, if
not mainly, due to the heroism, steadiness and thorough disci-
pline of the 3d New York Artillery. This was never acknowl-
edged in official reports, but the army saw it, and knew it, and
Schofield's veterans did not withhold their complimentary and
cordial expression of it. There was not so much talk about
" band-box artillery " after that as there had been.

On the evening of the loth, Gen. Couch reached Beaver Dam,
eight miles from Schofield, and communicated with him. Capt.
Russell and some men of Battery A, out on a scout on our left
flank, saw his approach, and announced it in camp to the gen-
eral satisfaction. Next morning the reinforcements marched in
to camp, our men cheering them heartily. Their arrival again
consolidated the 23d Corps, which was now swelled by the in-
corporation of the troops of the North Carolina department, and
Schofield found himself at the head of a brave, victorious and
exultant army of 20,000 men.

Simultaneously with Couch's coming up, Hoke decamped.
Our lookouts could see rising from the country in every direc-

,">'.; !>. '■■ ■ ;: r^'VO^

278 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERV.

tion the smoke of the bridges he burnt behind him. Having
rebuilt the bridges, Schofield felt along out to the locality of
Kinston bridge on the 13th, and on the 14th advanced in force.
At Kinston bridge he encountered two lines of earthworks of
the most formidable description, covering all approach. Erected
since 1862, they had embrasures for nearly a hundred guns, and
were so strong that if well garrisoned they would have resisted
100,000 men. Not a rebel was there to stay our progress, how-
ever, and laying a pontoon bridge while the engineers were
repairing the half-burnt country bridge, Schofield marched
out to it and crossed the river with the division of
Gen. Greene (formerly Palmer's.) On the north side there
were still heavier works, running in zig-zag lines along the
river and out into the country, garnished with bastions and
forts, with parapets six feet high and twelve or fifteen through,
twelve foot ditches, and covered ways so deep that army trains
would be completely hidden in them. These, too, were aban-
doned, and Schofield, passing on, entered Kinston without op-
position, in one of the hardest rain storms of the season.
Throwing his troops out all around the town in line of battle, he
ordered them to intrench immediately. The rest of the corps
came up on the 15th. By working day and night, in two or
three days the corps had a respectable line of fortifications along
its entire front, sufficiently strong to be held by a slender
garrison.

Strong detachments meanwhile were posted in the captured
works on the south side of the Neuse, covering the county
bridge, and at the railroad bridge, also. Near the former there
were many sights of interest. In dense pine woods, west of the
works, there was a cavalry camp concealed, a city of barracks
and stables. In the river, above the bridge, there remained a
rebel iron clad ram, burnt by the retreating rebels, resting on the
bottom. The graves of the dead of December, 1862, were found
near the little house by the bridge. The rebels and Union men
were each buried in a row. In constructing their works the
Confederates had dug down nearly to the bodies of the fallen
heroes. The elements had worn away the soil still more, so
that now rows of skeletons, white and gleaming, protruded
above the surface of the ground. On the north side of the
river there w^as a magazine the rebels had tried to explode on
our approach. Pouring out si.x barrels of powder loosely on
the floor, they had placed six enormous shells in the midst of
it, and laid a train of powder from it in a little gutter in the
ground, to several hundred yards distance. Some of the first of

NEWS FROM SHERMAN.

279

our men across the river fortunately saw the train and scraped
away the powder, breaking the connection. Gen. Carter ordered
Capt Russell to clear out the magazine. The delicate and dan-
gerous duty was performed by Sergt. Willis Watson and a small
detail of men. Not knowing but that they might at any moment
explode a torpedo (the roads, at least, were full of them,) they
explored the work carefully, till they found out what was in it,
and then threw the contents into the river.

While at Kinston, Schofield received tidings by courier from
Gen. Sherman, who had penetrated the State as far as Fayette-
viile. Writing from that place, under date of Sunday, the rath,
Sherman said : " We reached here yesterday, and will be de-
layed until Tuesday or Wednesday, putting down pontoons. I
will utterly destroy the arsenal and other public property, and I
hope to get up some shoes and small stores from Wilmington
before we leave. I will then march in compact order straight
for the bridge across Neuse river, south of Goldsboro. I expect
to make junction with you thereabouts. If I do not find you
there, I will feel towards' Kinston and Newbern. * * * *
Keep your command well concentrated, on the defensive, ad-
vancing as fast as the railroad is built ; but reach Goldsboro, if
possible, and fortify. * * # * Hoping to meet you in ten
days, I am your friend, d>'C." Sherman had had a toilsome
march through the mud of South Carolina, but had driven
Johnston steadily and swiftly before him, living on the fat of the
land. He was now in North Carolina, in the very best of
spirits, and only resting to clean his columns of contrabands
and refugees, by sending them under escort to Wilmington.
The order above quoted from contained another piece of in-
formation of a great deal of interest to Schofield. It said:
' On making junction with you, I want you .to make your com-
mand 25,000, and call it the center, thus restoring our old At-
lanta organization." The 23d Corps still retained the name of
Army of the Ohio, which had distinguished it in the Atlanta
campaign, and Schofield contemplated with satisfaction the
prospect of being soon united with his old comrades in arms of
the 14th, 15th, 17th and 20th Corps, under their beloved com-
mander, Sherman.

Skirmishmg took place around Kinston for several davs, but
the Confederates were not present in anv force. Hoke had
gone to reinforce Johnston. The principal 'source of apprehen-
sion was the turnpike to Goldsboro being full of torpedoes, a
fict that was discovered by a detachment of the 12th Cavalry,
which was pushed out on that road toward Mosely Hall on a

280 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY. '

scouL These infernal traps were percussion shells set on end
in a hole in the ground, covered with a piece of tin and dirt.
Horse, man or cannon wheel pressing on the spot where one of
them was concealed was certain to be blown to pieces. A horse
and rider were blown up by one of them within sight of our in-
trenchments. A New Hampshire man at length cleared the
road of these deadly traps by going out alone and ferreting
them out.

The grand movement on Goldsboro now approached its
crisis. There were now three Union columns in the field, viz :
Schofield's, at Kinston, on the line of the Newbern railroad ;
Terry's, the loth Corps, on the railroad coming up from Wil-
mington ; Sherman's, at Fayetteville. Johnston confronted the
latter with 45,000 men, covering Goldsboro and Raleigh. Each
of the former had in his front a small force.

Gen. Schofield now received by the hands of a scout a dis-
patch from Sherman to advance from Kinston, as follows : " I
am now (the 14th) across Cape P'ear river, and to-morrow shall
draw out ten miles, and next day, if weather is favorable, will
begin to maneuvre on Goldsboro. I shall feign strong on
Raleigh. * * * You must push vigorously towards Golds-
boro, with the absolute certainty that I will engage the
attention of Joe Jolmston's army to the west and southwest of
Goldsboro. Let the railroad construction party push their
work. ♦ * * You must now push boldly as possible straight
on Goldsboro, and I will do the same. Joe Johnston may try
to interpose, in which case we must strike him as near at the
same time as possible. ♦ * * Consolidate your command
at once into an army, the center of this. Gen. Howard has the
right wing. Gen. Slocum the left. You can have Terr\-'s troops."

Having partially reorganized his army, Schofield detailed the
brigade of Harlan, including Batteries A and G, 3d New York,
to remain and guard Kinston and the bridges, and on the 20th
broke camp and marched with all the rest of his forces straight
towards Goldsboro. Batteries C, D and I, the latter of which
had now been reinforced by its other section from Newbern,
accompanied the movement. Our line of march lay through a
more populous region than that before traversed and there were
fine farms all along the route. The men foraged liberally. In
a letter to Schofield, Sherman had said, " We can go wherever
we can live. We can live wherever the people do, and if any-
body has to suffer let them suffer." Hence, no sentimental
tenderness towards rebels existed at headquarters of the Army
of the Ohio. The men were allowed to forage for provisions as

VjjI

CAPTURE OF GOLDSBORO. 28 1

freely as they pleased, and they certainly did ransack the region
for chickens, fat turkeys, plump calves, pigs and other choice
contraband of war with loving and conscientious thoroughness.
The 3d New York displayed good searching qualities during the
march and a profusion of poultry, hams and other epicurean
temptations, dangling from the gun carriages and caissons by
night fall, showed that our boys had secured their share. Per-
sonal violence to the people, however, received the sternest
reprobation, and the sentiment on this subject is fitly shown by
the fact that on reaching Goldsboro, by Gen. Schotield's order,
a private of the 12th Cavalry was shot to death with musketry
for having ravished a woman.

The army camped at night eighteen miles from Kinston, over
half-way to Goldsboro.

Next day, March 21st, the bugles blew for reveille before day-
light. At 6 o'clock, we resumed the march. The railroad
builders followed close behind, working an immense force of
negroes and others in the repair of the road. Heavy skirmish-
ing took place at the head of the army, but Schofield drove
everything before him, and in the afternoon entered Goldsboro
in triumph. The divisions hurried up as fast as possible and
going through the town they formed line of battle and began to
fortify at once.

Nothing being heard from Sherman or Terry, Gen. Schofield
directed Gen. Carter to post a battery on the river side of the
town and signal to Sherman by firing salvos of three guns and
single guns at intervals, that we had taken for him the city which
was the objective point of his great march. Battery I was
ordered out for this purpose. It remained in position, firing
signal guns and beautifully executed salvos, nearly all night.
Schofield, Carter and other officers of rank set around a camp
fire near the battery, listening for a reply, occasionally putting
their ears to the ground in the hope of hearing distant cannon-
ading, transmission of the sound of which through the air might
be interrupted by woods, 6-c. Towards morning, we got an
answer to our firing, which we then soon after discontinued.

An announcement of his arrival was also sent to Sherman by
courier. It reached its destination in the morning, and Sher-
man wrote to Gens. Howard, Slocum and Kilpatrick, " General
Schofield reports this morning from Goldsboro. So our cam-
paign is an eminent success."

Joe Johnston did not interpose between Sherman and Scho-
field as anticipated; but defeated by the former on the 21st
near Bentonville, retreated towards Smithfield and Raleigh.

282 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

On the 22d, Schofield opened up communication across the
river with Terry. He also discovered that " Uncle Billy," as
.the men loved to call him, was near at hand, by the arrival of
straggling parties of those precious fellows — "Sherman's
bummers."

Such a looking lot of apparitions never before mingled among
men. Sherman, at starting out from Atlanta, had issued an
order to the effect that " the army will forage liberally on the
country during the march." Every section in the army obeyed
the mandate with literal exactness ; but there was a class of
them- which displayed unusual talent in this line, and wandering
away from their commands they ran independent lines of forag-
ing of their own, only keeping near enough to the main column
to be safe, and often ranging way ahead of it, and these, the
bummers par excellence, were the ones who began to come into
Goldsboro. Tough as hickory from their 600 mile tramp ; brown
as nuts; their uniforms torn, patched, stained with mud, and
pieced out with astonishing garments appropriated from planters'
wardrobes ; laden with spoils ; some riding on cows ; some in
carriages drawn by mule and cow teams, — these men presented
an appearance that baffles description.

On the morning of the 23d, Sherman rode into the town with
his staff". He was received with the wildest enthusiasm. Battery
I fired a Major-General's salute in his honor. During the day,
Slocum crossed the river by pontoons and other bridges in the
vicinity and went into camp north of the town. The regiments
were all full of fire and life, but sadly in need of new clothing.
Troops continued to arrive for several days until the whole army
of 75.000 men had been concentrated around the place. Sher-
man's first solicitude was to reclothe his army. He required an
immense amount of supplies therefor ; but these had been col-
lected at Newborn in readiness, and now the railroad and
wagon roads were taxed to their utmost capacity to bring them
to the front. The troops left at Kinston to guard our communica-
tions saw trains of from 200 to 500 wagons come down almost
daily, and, loading up from the railroad trains and steamers in
the river, return with their valued stores.

March 25th, Sherman ran down to Newbern by rail and took
thence a boat to City Point to confer with Grant.

A reorganization of the army was now effected at Goldsboro,
and Schofield, receiving the troops of Terry, formed the Army
of the Ohio anew, and took his place in the center, in accor-
dance with the programme suggested by Sherman. On the 2 2d
he announced Lieut.-Col. Kennedy, of the 3d New York, as

IN CAMP AT GOLDSBORO. 283

Chief of Artillery in the Field in his command ; that officer
having, at his own request, been relieved as Mustering Officer
of the Department of North Carolina and assigned to active
service. Kennedy had acted as Mustering Officer since April,
1864. There was now placed under him all the batteries in the
6eld in Schofield's command, thirteen in number.

Sherman returned to Goldsboro on the 30th of March, and
resumed the study of " the grand and beautiful game of war."
He proposed to make his next move to the support of Gen.
Grant April 30th orders were issued to that effect, the army to
march on the loth northward on the line of the AVeldon Rail-
road to the Roanoke. Schofield prepared therefor and brought
up Battery G, from Kinston, the day the order was issued. By
his direction, the same day. Batteries C, D, G and I, of the 3d
New York, were detached from the District of Beaufort, and
constituted the reserve artillery brigade of his Army of the
Ohio, under the command of the Chief of Artillery in the
Field.

Tidings of the Union victories at Petersburg changed the
programme. Grant telegraphed, "Push Johnston and let us
finish up this job at once."

Sherman immediately ordered an advance on Smithfield, where
Johnston was encamped in force. The march began on the
loth. The Confederates fell back. We occupied Smithfield
till the 1 2th, when, hearing of the surrender of Lee, Sherman
made a rush for Ivaleigh, entering and passing through on the
13th. Johnston still kept out of his way, and fell rapidly back.
Our army was rushing eagerly on, on the 14th, extending its
flanks to prevent Johnston escaping, when the latter sent in a
flag of truce and asked for an armistice. It was granted, and
the Union and Confederate armies halted, within striking dis-
tance of each other, to permit of negotiations for a surrender.
Gtrn. Schnficld encamped at Raleigh. The armistice was pro-
tracted till the 26th, Gen. Grant meanwhile coming down to give
Sherman his counsel in regard to the situation. On the 26th,
the whole army, infantry and artillery, was called under arms
for an advance, but Johnston came to terms thereupon at once.
The four years' war for the Union was over, and the integrity of
the Republic was saved.

There is little further to tell concerning the 3d Artillery's ex-
periences in the field with Sherman. Encamping at Raleigh,
the four light Batteries remained there till the 2d of June. Dur-
ing this time there was a grand review of the whole army, lasting
three days. It took a whole day to review Schofield's command

! !? •

284 3^^ NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY,

alone. Col. Stewart came up to attend this. He stood by the
side of Sherman, in the principal street of the city, as the artil-
lery brigade, commanded by Lieut.-Col. Kennedy, passed, and
received the General's warm commendation on the soldierly
bearing and splendid appearance of the 3d New York Batteries,
with their guns gleaming like burnished gold, as they moved by
in review. They were by all odds the handsomest in the whole
artillery brigade. The General spoke approvingly of Batteries
B and F, which he recollected as having seen at Coosawhatchie
and Pocotaligo, having heard of their exploits in that de-
partment, and, after the review, alluding to C, D, G, and I
again, he told Col. Stewart that he had never seen finer looking
volunteer artillery than the 3d New York.

June 2d, Gen. Schofield ordered the 3d New York Batteries
to proceed at once to Newbern, by easy marches, turn over their
guns and get ready to go home. On the 5th, Lieut.-Col. Ken-
nedy was relieved from duty as Chief of Artillery in the Field,
and directed to rejoin his regiment.

The light Batteries found Battery A already in Newbern on
their arrival. It had been sent thither from Kinston, April i8th.

Gen. Schofield issued the following orders to the troops of the
Department of North Carolina, on the 13th of June. He said :
" The time has arrived when I must bid farewell to many of my
old comrades of the Army of the Ohio, and doubtless the
time will soon come when we, all must separate. It is a fare-
well tinged with no feeling of sadness, save for the loss of our
brave comrades who have fallen. Our thoughts at parting are
of duty faithfully done, of hardships and dangers bravely met,
of batdes fought and victories won, of our glorious Union saved
from destruction and more firmly re-established on the basis of
freedom for all, of dear homes and friends to which we are re-
turning, rendered ten-fold more dear by the price it has cost us
to preserve them, and of the grateful welcome that awaits us
among our friends and countrymen. * * * ^jy comrades I
bid you farewell, and may Almighty God bless and reward you
for your patriotism and fidelity in the cause of Liberty and
Union."

June 15th, the five Batteries at Newbern, with the field and
staff of the regiment, were ordered home for muster out.

MUSTER OUT STATISTICS. 285

XVI.

MUSTERING OUT— GENERAL STATISTICS.

Muster Out Statistics — The Battles of the Regiment— General Reflections.

With the month of May, 1865, ended the necessity for the ex-
istence of the larger part of the Army of the Union. The rebel
armies had dispersed. Civil government had been re-estab-
lished in the Southern States. Telegraphic orders were accord-
ingly issued from time to time during May and June, from the
War Department, for the muster out of the various classes of
volunteer troops. June 19th, orders were issued for the Bat-
teries in the department of North Carolina to go home, and
other orders, about the same time, for those in the Military Di-
vision "of the James and the Department of the South, to do the
same. The batteries in Virginia, viz: E, H, K and M, were
the tirst to comply. Their final muster-out rolls having been, at
the cost of much overhauling of papers and an immense amount
ot penmanship, properly made out, they turned over their guns
anil equipments at Richmond to the United States Quartermas-
ter, and received their honorable discharge from the service.
'IVansportation was furnished them by rail via Elmira and Bing-
h imton to Syracuse, N. Y., where they were paid off, and then
scattered to their homes. Batteries A, C, D, G, I, and L,
turned over their guns and equipments in Newbern, which was
the designated depot therefor, and, with the field and staff, took
boats thence for New York citv. They went on to Albany and
Syracuse, and were disciiarged and paid off in the latter place.
Batteries B and F left their guns in Charleston, taking receipts

286 3^ NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

from the Quartermaster, and went home via Washington. They
mustered out in Syracuse.

The membership of the regiment at the final winding up of

its affairs was 2,200. The total number of men received into it,

from first to last, was 4,408. Its membership at the different

' stages of its career (not counting the ist New York Battery, the

so-called Battery L), was as follows : —

1861 — May 22, 742 ; July i, 729 ; August i, 712 ; September
I, 639 ; October i, 619 ; November i, 600 ; December i, 542.

1862 — Januar}' i, 657; February i, 681; March i, 1,093;
April I, 1,336; May i, 1,317; June i, 1,314; July i, 1,303;
August I, 1,293; September i, 1,271; October i, 1,475; No-
vember I, 1,600; December i, 1,604.

1863 — January i, 1,698; February i, 1,572; March i, 1,570;
April I, 1,539 ; May i, 1,445 \ June i, 893 ; July i, 873 ; Aug-
ust I, 876; September 1,862; October i, 860; November i,
1,048 ; December i, 1,048.

1864 — January i, 1,048; February i, 1,074; March i, 1,101:
April I, 1,504; May i, 1,716; June i, 1,705; July i, 1,675;
August I, 1,675 ) September i, 1,645 > October i, 1,905 ; No-
vember I, 2.488. December i, 2,550.

1865 — January i, 2,529 ; February i, 2,372 ; March i, 2,370;
April I, 2,177 ; May i, 2,160 ; June i, 2,200.

The regiment lost by disease, 247 men : killed in action, 15 ;
taken prisoners and died in Andersonville, Florence and Rich-
mond prisons, 70 ; wounded in action, 235 ; lost by desertions
•(bounty jumpers, &:C.) 347. It also lost 11 guns in action — lo
by capture, i by explosion.

The regiment fought 64 battles, sieges and skirmishes, partici-
pating prominently and with credit in some of the most impor-
tant and decisive of the war. The names and dates of these
are presented for recapitulation herewith. They are as follows :

Martinsburg, Virginia, June 11, 1861.

Lovettsville, Virginia, August 9, 1861.

Fort Macon, North Carolina, April 25, 1862. ' ' - •

Washington, North Carolina, September 6, 1862.

Rawles Mills, North Carolina, November 2, 1862.

South West Creek, North Carolina, December 13, 1862.

Kinston, North Carolina, December 14, 1862.

Whitehall, North Carolina, December 16, 1862.

Goldsboro, North Carolina, December 17, 1862.

Springbank, North Carolina, December 17, 1862.

Newbern, North Carolina, March 14, 1863.

Deep Gully, North Carolina, March 13, 1863. *

BATTLES OF THE REGIMENT. 28/

Blount's Creek, North Carolina, April 9, 1863.
Gum Swamp, North Carolina, May, 1863.
Core Creek, North Carolina, May, 1863.
Bachelor's Creek, North Carolina, May, 1863.
Seabrook Island, South Carolina, June 18, 1863.
Bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, July, 1863.
Tarboro, North Carolina, July, 1863.
Fort Wagner, South Carolina, July i8, 1863.
Siege of Fort Wagner, South Carolina, July 18 to September
5» 1863. .

Morris Island, South Carolina, August 22 to August 30, 1863.
Camden Court House, Virginia, November 3, 1863.
Dismal Swamp, Virginia, November 3, 1863.
Bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, November 2
to November 5, 1863.

Newbern, North Carolina, February i to February 4, 1864.
Bachelor's Creek, North Carolina, February i, 1864.
Beech Grove, North Carolina, February 2, 1864.
Brice's Creek, North Carolina, February 2, 1864.
Folly Island, South Carolina, February 9, 10, and 11, 1864.
Fort Clifton, Virginia, May 9, 1864.
Harrison's Church, Virginia, May 11, 1864.
Drury's Bluff, Virginia, May 13, 14, 15, and 16, 1864.
Harrison's Plantation, Virginia, May 15, 1864.
Spring Hill, Virginia, May 18, 1S64.
Fort Powhatan, Virginia, May 21, 1864.
Wilson's Wharf, Virginia, May 24, 1864.
Siege of Petersburg, Virginia, May, to taking of Petersburg,
Virginia, 1864.

Ruffin's farm, Virginia, June 16, 1862.

Petersburg, Virginia, June 16, 1864.

Walthal Farm, Virginia, June, 1864.

Druid's Fields, Virginia, 1S64.

Dutch Gap, September, 1S64.

Chapin's Farm, Virginia, September 29 and 30, 1864.

tort Harrison, Virginia, September 29 and 30, 1864.

Fort Burnham, Virginia, October 3, 1864.

Fort Burnham, Virginia, October 7, 1864.

Rebel iron clads, James river,-jVirginia, October 22, 1864.

Honey Hill, Georgia, November 30, 1864.

Deveaux Neck, Georgia, December 7, 1864.

Camp HoUey, Virginia, December 10, 1S64.

Gardner's Bridge, North Carolina, December 9, 1864.

Foster's Mills, North Carolina, October 10, 1864.

^'A i ,-y >

288 3^ NEW-YORK. VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Butler's Bridge, North Carolina, October 12, 1864.

Point Comfort, North Carolina. February, 1865.

Wise's Forks, North Carolina, March 7, 8, 9, and 10, 1865.

Richmond, Virginia, April 3, 1865.

Plymouth siege. North Carolina, April 20, 1864.

Johns Island, South Carolina, February i, 1864 and July 9,
. 1864.

James Island, South Carolina, July 9, 1864.

South Mills, North Carolina, 1864.

Pocotaligo, South Carolina, July 8, 1864. ,

Camden, South Carolina, April, 1865.

Ashepoo, South Carolina, February 8, 1865.

In view rff the number of bloody, engagements on this long
list, the non-military reader may find himself musing on the
slight losses of the regiment in killed and wounded. It is
natural to form an opinion of the extent and value of the services
of a regiment on the number of its casualties. Thus, we know,
as a matter of course, that the 75th New York, the iiith, the
i6oth and 138th, (all regiments from Cayuga county,) did gal-
lantly in action and were in the thickest of hotly fou^t battles,
because they were so thinned down by bullet and shell. But it
would be incorrect in the highest degree to found opinions of
that sort, in regard to regiments of artillery, on such a basis.
Artillery has a different mission on the battle field and fights in
a different way. As a rule, it fights at long range and under the
cover of earthworks or crests of hills. Infantry, as a rule, fights
at short range and is more exposed. Artillery inflicts terrible
injury, but incurs little. So far, in fact, is it from being true
that the value or extent of the services of artillery is tested by
its losses of men and horses that the reverse is actually the
case. It is a military axiom, to use the language of Gen. Barry,
the greatest artillerist in our army during the war, that the value
of the services of batteries and battery commanders on the held
of battle is shown " by their skill and judgment in so covering
their batteries, that even under a heavy fire, their losses and
expenditures are small," due attention, of course, having been
first paid to the securing the greatest tfficacy of fire. The few-
ness of casualties in the 3d Artillery, considering its active par-
ticipation in great battles and long sieges, is, therefore, a circunv
stance that stands to its credit.

A better idea of the usefulness of the regiment will be gained
by considering what it accomplished. And first, in battle, the
execution of its batteries was fearful. It was one of the great
characteristics of the regiment that it could not be excelled in

.we.

SERVICES OF THE REGIMENT.] 289

any department In which it served for its intellisjence and pro-
ficiency in handling: its guns and its accuracy of fire. The regi-
ment was famous for it, and at Kinston, Goldsboro, Washington,
Johns Island, Honey Hill, Drury's Bluff, Petersburg and Wise's
Forks, the slaughter it inflicted will compare favorably with
that inflicted by the infantry and in several of these actions was
undoubtedly greater. In many of these and other battles, it
won the day, and in some it saved the army from disaster.

In the sieges its record is equally good. Nothing that field
guns could do could be done any quicker or surer by any bat-
teries in the service than by those of the 3d Artillery. It could
shut up a hostile redoubt, clean a parapet of sharpshooters,
knock down a signal tower, scatter a working party, or repulse
a charge, with a facility that invariably won the admiration of
commanders and men. At Macon it did more than all others
to obtain that glorioue victory. In North Cirolina, the posts it
garrisoned sustained heavy attacks and sieges, and in all the
varying fortunes of warin that State never lost a fort, redoubt,
or post. Battery -L (the old 24th New York) was at Plymouth
in April, 1864, when that place was taken, but that was nearly a
year before the battery joined the regiment.

Though less showy, -the ser\'ices of the regiment in building,
mounting the armament of, and garrisoning the forts which made
our foothold in North Carolina impregnable, and in doing gen-
eral engineer duty, were not less useful. Its moral power was
also great, and subserved two valuable ends. It deterred the
rebels from assaulting our fortified posts -in anything but strong
force, so that when they did set active operations on foot against
us, they had to withdraw large bodii-s of troops from their other
armies therefor. It also contributed "largely to detain a large
force of rebel troops continually in the State to guard the poinrs
exposed to the powerful expeditions which our Generals in North
Carolina were able at various times, and liable at all times, to
send out.

While the regiment was yet an infantry organization it did
valuable service, and was one of the most useful regiments in
the division to which it was assigned. It was always readv to
fi^ht. It did heavy guard and picket duty throughout its whole
Virginia and Maryland experience. It did valuable engineering
duty at Muddy Branch and Hancock. For a long period, it
guarded the supply trains of the division — an important trust.
And in the blaze of summer, the rains and mud of fall, and the
asperities of winter, it bore the hardships of long marches and
almost shelterless bivouacs with readiness and unmurmuring
endurance. s

290 3^ NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

We can only add that, in its services, in the standing and
ability of its officers, and in the character and morals of its
men, the 19th Infantry and 3d Artillery was an honor to the
County, in which it took its origin, and to the Empire State, in
spite of the cloud that overhangs some of its earlier days.

FINIS.

I-^T'H v.M,-V/''

MUSTER ROLLS

OF THE

19TH New York Volunteers

AND

3D New York Artillery.

MUSTER ROLL.

Names and Final Rank of Every Member of the 19th New York Volunteer
Infentry and 3d New York Volunteer Artillery, Except Deserters; With
Dates of Rank and Muster Out (or Promotion) of Officers, and Specification
of those who Died in the Service.*

FIELD AND STAFF.

Colonfl*— John S. Clark. May 17, 1861; reslfyned Dec. 23, 1861. James H. Ledlie.
Nov. IH, l.s*;i; promoted to Brifradier-General Dec. 24, lbti2. Charles H. Stewart,
Jaa. 1, ixil-i; mustered out July 15, IStS.

/.^tw/*fl</;,^(■„/</«,'/*— Clarence A. b.'ward, May 17, 1861; rpsigiipd Sept. 'iS. 1S61.
James H. Ledlie, Sept. 28, IWl; promoted. Charles H. Stewart, D.-c. ii, 1M">I: pro-
moted. Heury M. Stone. Jan. 1, l^*«-'i; died of yellow fever at Newberu, MuyJO.
ItW. Terenee J. Kennedy, Oi-t. 2, lWi4; mustered out July 15, I860.

^f^^jr>r>^—oeLTnca H. Ledlie, May 17, 18<n; promoted. Charles H. Stewart, Dec. 3:1,
l-^rtl;" promoted. Henrr M. Stono, Dec. 2:1. ISiil; promoted. Solomon (Jil.,-k Jan.
a. 1S»;2; rosigmed May ^"2. iy<>3. Terence J. Kennedy, Jan. 2a. lNi2; prononvl. LJ.
win S. Jenney, Jan. 1. 1S*>.3: mustered out Sept. 22. WA. Theodore H. S< h.-mk.
Sept. .•10, is»>i; mu.stered out with the regiment July l.i. 18<«. William S. IJull. Nov.
»), IsiVt; never joined resiment. Wm. J. Rii;;:3. Sept. 2:3. 1K6J; mustered out July
15, l,vi5. James R. AngeL, appointed Brevet-Major by the President to rauli from
March i:}. 1S<m.

A-'iut'triU-lleary M. Stone, May 17, 1.%!; promoted. J. Fred. Dennis, Dec. 2:1,
l"*!!; returned to Battery E Nov. 18, 1W)2: mustered out June 2, istl-l. .\U'X. 11.
Davin. Nov. IH. 1862: promoted to Captain and A. A. G. on Gen. Ledlie's staff Dee.
a«. Wi2 James S. Puller, returned to Battery E. Geo. W. Leimanl. 2d. Dec. 24,
l"xl-i: rellevi-d at his own request March 9, 1865. Jay E. Storke, April 14, 1865; mus-
tereil nut with recriment.

.s.,r-;^,.;i»— Theo.lore Dimon, May 17, ISiil; mn.stered out June 'i, 18tvl. Wm. W.
Knlk'ht. June :i. isr^l; resigned June 1, 18»>1. Alfred D. Wilson, May 2J, 18tVt; nius-
tert-d out with recriment.

.l-.*/..',;Nf-.<'(/-(/,v>;,*_Kenj. W. Howard. May 17. 1861; appointed Surpeon In regular
»rriy Sept. 11, IHiil. Wm. W. Kni-ht, Oct. 17, ISili; promoted. Bradford S. Miiulv,
June W. l-^c); appointed Surgeon lat U. S. Cavalrv Dec. 11, l.so:!. Arehiliahl K.
Mudie, March 22. IKtU; resisned May 6, 18<')5. Francis W. Benjamin, Sept. IJ. l""l:
mustered out with re','lmeiit.

r/..;/.,',n'i»— Henry W. Fowler, .Tune 1, 1861; resigned Sept. 30, 1861. William Hart.
Oct. 17, l.s;i ; resigned 31ay 20, W>:i.

• The. n»m«8 of the men of the 19th are taken from the Muster-In Rolls of tlie riu-niK-tit
»nfl from ihe reglmcnlal descriptive booit. Those of the 3d Artillery from tlie Hum .Mu»ur
Out KolU.

294 "^ 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

(^tarterm*! stern— John. Chpdell, May 17, 1861; resigned July 31, 1862. Frpd W
Pnnce. Aug. 1, 18fid; resigned Feb. 24, lWi.3. Samuel B. Tobey, Jr., April 2.5, 1863-
relieved at his own requpst Dec. 31, 1S*>3. Paul Fay, Dec. 3. lSti3; same jfay 1"'
1864. Wm. A. Kelsey, May IT, 1S64; promoted Sept. Zi, 1864. Ogilvie D. Ball, Feb!
25, 1865; mustered out with regiment.

ConunikMary — Georjjo E. Ashby, July 1. 18»>1; promoted March 10, 1862.

State Pat/maMer—Pa.ul B. Woodruff, 3Iay 17, 1861.

Serffeant-Jfiijors—F. G. Smith, May 22, 1861: reduced Oct. 31. 1861. James Fuller,
Nov. 1, 1861; promoted. George E. Sherwood. April 10, 1862; mustered out June Z,
1863. Milan B. Goodrich, June 20. 186.'$; promoted March 8, 1864. Jay E. Storke,
Mav 3, 1864; promoted Dec. 26. Charles E. Waldron, March 4, 1865; mustered out
with regiment.

CommiMMry-Sergennt^—GeciT^^ Humphrey, July 12, 1861; reduced Julv 2:3, 1862,
E. C. Manning. July 23, 1862; promoted to Ut Lieutenant 1st Union S. O. Vols.
April i86, 186.3; mustered out June 2. James VanVleck, Aug. 1, 186;$; promoted SeptI
14. E. Barton Wood, Oct. 13. WJ3; appointed Quartermaster-Sergeant Dec. 16!
Albert C. Devendorf, Dec. 16, 18t«; promoted Oct. 2, 1^64. Amos H. Dean. Jan. 20,
1865; appointed Quartermaster-Sergeant April 4. Geo. H. Wright, April 4, 1865:
mustered out with regiment.

QuarterjnnMer-^SemeiDitt—'^^raneXXohey. Aug. 12, 1851; promoted March 10, 1862.
Paul Jay, March 10, 1862; promoted Jan. 1. Geo. W. Leonard, April 25, 186.3- pro-
moted July 3. Burton S. Milln. Oct. 12, 18C)4: appointed 1st Lieutenant in Ist N. C.
Col. Art. Feb. 22, 1865. AnUiS H. Dean. April 4. lS<i.'5: promoted April 25.

Hcmpitiil Steirerrfa — Charle* A. Caiilkins, May 22, 1861 ; dis<?harged by order Mc-
CTellan March 4, 1862. Retihen R. Worth. March 4, 18<i2; reduced Dec. 9. Ulysses
Jeffrey, Dec. 9, 18«)2; mu.stered out June 2, 1863. Geo. F. Liebman, June 3 1863-
mustered out Oct. H. 18<i4, Wm. F. EUlridge. Jan. 28, 1.S65; mustered July 15, 1865.'
J. Rowland Brownell, Oct. 7. l.'-*)4; reduced Dec. 17.

Dnim JfiiJorK — C. Higgrenbotham; transferred to band. Andrew Hollenbeck, Jan
1, 1862; mustered out Jan. 1, l«»s3.

F^e Major— mrAUx C. Adle, May 22, 1861; reduced Sept. 29, 1862.

THE BAND.

[Enlisted by Major Giles, Nov. 19. 1861. Mustered out aa a Band, May 2, 1862, by
order of Gen. Bumslde, and consolidated.]

Sherwood S. Ball. Oran D. Bates,* AshbeJ W. Carr, Henry C. Carr,* Geo. E. Carr,
Robert A. Dyer, Calvin F. Dafgett,* Thomas Egan, Benj. V. Fowler. Henry F.
Funk; James C. Gould. <li.'d at H.waock, March 1, 1H62, of fever; Henrv L. Hall,
Charles H. Herberm-r, Thinim.s W. Judson,* Wilbur F. Leete, Lester Martin, Lem-
uel Peabody, Eraatua H. Pierre, Edward M. Parmelee.

COMPANY "A," 19TH INFANTRY.

[Consolidated May 22, 1863, and two years* men mustered out June 2d.]

Ciiptii in*— John T. Baker, April 25, 1861; resigned Nov. 7. Charles White, Nov. 5,
ISCl; June 2. lM»i.3.

Firxt ^/«'w/»'H.j;.'f»— Charles Tomllnson, Nov. 5, 1861; mustered out with company.
John T. Potter, April It), I>"i2; sanu\

.SfTiV-i/ir*— David MfCrcrv. Harur-tt N'agle, Edgar B. Warren, David F. Bottewell,
Robert Haynt-s. Van I'.-.ir.-n Wilkin.s.m, Wm. Ferjnison, Wm. H Hurd.

(■V>ry).>r<(/*-Briidfor(l W. Dcud. Bishop E. Ames. Murray Chattteld, Orson Clark,
Peter V. Orepnman, Fnuik W. Payne, George W. Monroe, David Thompson, James
Clark, Frank Putiiani. K. H. Spi-nccr.

/>/-i/«imcr — Fri'dtTirk 1). Wright.

Fi/t'i — Charlert Anthony.

• DlBCbarged May 2, 1S&.>.

f»'-

MUSTER ROLL. 295

Prirat¥'*—^ffm. Ashton, Charles W. Bancroft, Chester D. Barnes, Charles Beitz.
Andrew Bower, Wm. H. Boynton, David F. Bothwell, Charles W. Brokaw. Orant^o
E. Birch, Henry Brown, Charles A. Caulkins. Willis Collier, Myron B. Crans-.u,
Isaac Cordon, Fayette Choate. John B. Coyle. Henry C. Cobb. Wm. H. Crosier. Jas.
R. Dady, John H. Davidson, Wm. Dresser," Lorenzo Daniels, John J. Duratt, J-im.a
Dyer, David Everts. Robert E. Firth, Wm. Frair, Daniel W. Goodridge, John Frc.st,
Thomas H. Funi.-ss. RoUin S. GifBn, closes Grant. Charles Grover, Fayette Knu-
}{erford, Lyman T. Haines, Franklin O. Harden, Peter E. Hummel, Charles T. Hiy;-
genbothani, Fn-deriok Hitchcock. Dannieril. Hoppiusr; Henry Hoagland, died Dec.
15, 1>*1; Wm. H. Hoppinc, Jasper Howe, Ulvsses F. Jeffries, Jotham Jayne, Horain
B. Johnson, Georue W. Johnson, Charles ii. Kirkpatrick, Henry C. King, Joseph
KenJiedy. John W. Law, Henry Loveland, John Lynd, James M. Law, Orlando
Lillie, John F. Lowe, Abner Livingston. Thomas H. Marks, George A. Mosher. Al-
bert W. Jloulton, Henry McXab, Jaraes Marks, Charles S. Nelson, Dwight Powers,
Charles Patten, Jamea Peterson, John H. Pomeroy. Thomas E. Post, Esquire (J.
Pollock; Charles E. Qiugley, died at Hancock, Feb. 18. lS*i:i; David Ray, Charles H.
Richardson, Joseph Rundle, H. J. E. Roffee, Frank G. Smith, Wm. Spinner. Mar-
ceUus S. Slater, ALfred Spoor, Joseph Spoor, Wm. C. Smith. Halton B. Stalker. Da-
Tld W. Stewart, George H. Stringham, Wm. E. Sandford, Wm. Swetland, Judah K.
Taylor, Giles Taylor, John Theurer. Samuel B. Tobey. Jr.. Major Truax, Oscar E.
Van Buskirk, Frank O. Vauderheyden, Wm. H. Van TasseL, Charles C. Whipple,
Myron Watts, T. D. Walker, Wm. Whipple, Daniel Wilcox, John Wall, Henry L.
Warner, Edwaxd D. Wlieatoa, Richard S. White, Elijah White.

BATTERY "A," 30 ARTILLERY.

[Mustered out July 3, 1865.]

CnpUiln — Samuel P. Russell, Sept. 23, 18t>4; mustered out with Eatteij-

firxt Lieut i>iiuiiti*—Vfm. Richardson, Sept. 3, 18tv4; and Charles H. Davis, mus-
tered out with B.ittery.

Sf<on.,l f.ifuten<i)itM— Edwin C. Rockwell, Sept. 23, "'64; and Edward Cunningham,
Sept. ai 1N«14; mu«tere<l out with Battery.

.•>rr<jf,inU — James W. Svinderliu, (Jt-orge H. Battanvs, Willis G. Watson. Samuel
Edmonds, David Thompson, Philip A. Faatz, John L Brinkerhoff. Nelson Johns'ju,
Nathaniel A. I'ike. Wm. Ferguson.

t'orfM^nii'i — Joiiiah B. Brinkerhoff. Erastus W. Allen. George H. Stringham. Ed-
ward Eelfs, Biiwen B. Harkness, Erastus Smith, Theo. Kelsey, John E. Bidw--il.
Artemua W. Bodman, Wm. E. Dodrick. Demerick Pease, Alex. Metlack, David
TbumiLson, Charles P. White. Edward A. Ladue.

.P"i;?rr»— Wm. Blakely, Charles P. WUkins, Jr.

PririitfM — John Able, Wm. A. Appleton, Charles Applegate, Jr., James B. Annin.
Enplebert Addis, Jos. A. Adams. Hamilton .Applegate, Eli P. Babcock, Jotin Br. n-
nan, EdwiL Brennan. Albert Bruce, Jr., Thos. G. Bell, Jos. Bulhand. A. S. Bostwirk,
A. R. Boyutoo, Wm. Brown. Martin J. Balliet, David Bulkley, Wm. L. Bramun. il.
B<>han. Ri.tj^rt O. Burgess, Francis R. BourelC John Bnidy, Charles B. Boiita, Saiu'l
E- n»>vi,'r. Jas. V. B\itt.s, .\lva B, Botsford, John C. Brown, Mason L. Butts, Charles
H. Brii,t..l, Francis W. Barnard, Wm. Bn.xcom, J. B. Berry, Patrick Buckley. Ciivs-
tiT Bills. Hiram BlaisdelL, Wm. Breckenridge, Darwin F. Briusdale; Charlt-s L.
Browa, died at Newbern, Oct. iS. l>^r,i. of yellow fever: John .S. Cummings, R.ia-
»..m Clark. Cuylcr W. Coates. Bradford CleavelaniL Charles Carter. John Chirk,
Th.-maK Carliii. Eugene Couklin. H.-nrv Cook, Andrew A. Coe. Almon Ca.se, J. ihii H.
Cukiln. Andr.w C.ipp. Justice .\. Chaffee. Jas. Castlcr, David Crayton. .•Vnsuii i/'l-
llwri, John Crayton, Edwin H. Carpenter, Martin V. Covert. Jos. .M. Cooley, Jai!i>s
McC.Junfll; .I,ruin.> S. Chaffee, died at Newljern. April ;21i. l,si'i.5, of intlammaticm 'if
the lungs; Wm. (). Duvall. Jr., Hulbert Duratt, John M. Dawson, David D.-n;- ii.
L«'vi D.-ck.-r; .Martin Dousjlass, died at Roanoke Lsland, N..v. 27. lSti4, of f.>\ ,r;
KU.nnce D.-nuhu^; Charles S. Dexter, died at Newbern, Oct. CS, 18*i4. of vcll.w
fever; James Dunn. <llcd at Xewb.-rn. Jan. IH, IStio: Geortre J. Easterbrooks. J' ■<■ ^■
EUton. L.-wis K. Ellis, .Moses Ewin.s, Wm. T. Eldridge, Wm. Fertruson. J"hn l-:>it-
t.ry, Hiram Foll.-tt. Il.'iirv W. Fav. Thomas Fergusou. John Frost, Thonins Fo;.;.,
James P. Fanning'. Levi t'nll.r. Wm, Fiero, Moses R. Gillicrt. Kphraim (i.-ifr-y
KoUin S. fiiihii. Jiiriu-,3 <irifllu. Gcorce D. Gillett. Squire E. Hop|>er. .^ylvottT -->.
Hubbard, Jos. W. Uauuuoud.-i, Jtihn Hunter, Corydou Haines, Hiram Harkm-.i. D.i-

296

3D NEW-fORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

▼id Hibbard, Martin H. Hompe, Lyman Hawes. Henry D. Harley, Patrick Hallan,
Fred. Hitchcock, John W. Hallett, Delos Harring, Amos Holcomb. Vtm. H. Hark-
nelL, Benj. F. Hatch; George Henderson, died May 7, 1865, of typhoid fever; James
Kema. Andrew G. Kemp, John Kelley. Ambrose J. Knapp, Samuel Kemp, Charles E.
Knapp, Edward A. Laduo, James Lantice. Wm. Lyddon, Cassius M. Liuce, John
Ladue, Joseph Landin, Daniel Lane, Charles W. Lebanon, Adelbert Lawrence. Da-
rid Lee, Thomas li. Ladue. Charles W. Lewis. John M. W. Mattoon: Nelson Mosher.
missing in action near Butler's bridge, X. C. Dec. V2. WA; Perry N'. Miles. Robert
3Iaok, Peter 3IcGovem. John H. Merritt. Wellington W. Mclutyre, John 3IcConnell,
Andrew J. Mason. Marcus O. Morris, James McConnell, Theo. S. McKissick, Patrick
Mesket, Wm. H. MiiUoy, Thomas Murray. John McKeon, James S. McKissick; Jas.
A. Morrison, died at Newbem, Xov. IH, 1864, of typhoid fever; Cornelius W. Mat-
toon, died at New York, April -iA, 18»i5; James H. Kelson. Volney S. Nelson. Michael
Nolan, Alba Naracon. James Prime, John Page. George H. Phillips, Asa B. Pidge,
John E. Rice, John Rattiiran. Lee Rusco. L. A. Ransier, Frank Raines. Jas. A. Ran-
dall, John H. Smith. Andrew H. Smith. Thoniaa H. Strong, John Sutcliffe, Samuel
Sperria, David D. Sheldon. David. B. Srursis, Henry D. Squires. Edwin M. Scott,
John G. Slawson, John Seeley, Patrick Smith. Hiram Stewart. George A. Swan. De-
lancey D. Stone, Henry M. S'elover, Wm. A. Stone, John L. Selover. Dexter Smith,
Squire O. Stockwell, James Sperl, Charles A. Tumier. Jos. Thompson. John 3L
Tbomaa, Au.smer O. Titus, Simon Townsend, Jos. B. Turner, Andrew J. Tuttle.
Wm. A. Tuttle, John Van Alstyne, Fred. Van Alstyne; Wm. H. Van Wagner, died
at Newbem, Oct. 5, 18#V4. of fever; Charles R. White. Alex. Wallace, Milo Webster,
John M. West, Franklin Whalen. John Wright. Albert D. Wheeler, John Williams;
George W, Werner, died in the service; Horatio Yates.

COMPANY «B," 19TH INFANTRY.

(Consolidated February 22. 1862.]

rnn*nin — Terence J. Kennedy, April iU, 1861; promoted to Major 3d Artillery, Jan.
23, 18q2.

>t;«f LUritenant — John Poison, resigned Jan: 24, 1862.

SH'Mid LUvteiutnt — Henry C. Dav. r^^signed Feb. 6, 1862.

SerQeantH — Andrew J. Cowan, Vt'ta. H. Gault, David C. Hutchinson, WiUiam H.
Barnes.

/>r/)on-/?*— Walter H. Rodgers. George Burt, Albert F. Adle, Edgar H. Titus.

Drummer — Theo. M. BrowTi.

Fi/er—mr&m C. Adle.

Priraif-ii — Wm. H. Baxter. Howard Beardsley. James H. Betts. James Blackman,
John L. Blowers. Ni<holas C. Bradt, Cornelius Bradt; Thomas Bums, died Feb. 28,
1'^}; George Brill. Jonathan Bush, V.in Buren Carlton, Wm. P. Culver. Thomas S.
Devoe, Jervis E. Daniels. Adelbert Dady, John Dunn. Lycurgus Ellis. Edwin Evans,
Charles H. Fowler. Jamfs Fnizce. Charles Green, Theodore Goff, John Groves. Wm.
H. Garrett, Geo. Hick.^. Edwin Hall, Georgia Hall, L^aae S. Hall, Healey G. Harmon,
Charles Harris, Henry L. Hall. Edwin .k. Havr-ris. Edward Howard, Henry F. Jeu-
aer, Hiram Johnson, Wm. H. Johu.son. Charl.-s Johnson, Allen Kilburu. John Long.
Wm. Leach. Albert A. Lewis, Jnhu Mabev. Winchester G. Mattison, George McGee.
Thomas McLaughlin. Charh's Monroe, Tliaddeus J. lilurphy. Thomas J. O'Hara,
Elias Ostrander, John S. Palmer, E.^quire C. Pollock, Wm. H. Pullock. James E.
Portingale, Charle.s W. Rash, Conrad R.iskofT, Robert Riley, .A. B. Rockwood, Theo.
Rogersi. John Sh'^a. Wm. P. Siddons. John Sniiicg. Franklin D. Smith. Elisha W.
Stanton, Charles Sweet; Harlow .Sherwood, accidentally shot at Hancock. Feb. 18,
l'^';2; .\mos Thompson, Edward Timmons. Stephen rtt>-r, Frederick Vandenburg,
John D. Van Duseu, James Vaa Gorder, Richard H. Weaver, Flavius J. Webster,
Samuel Winters.

BATTERY " B/' 3D ARTILLERY.

[Mustered out July 13, 1865.]

r,?j^.Mi>#— Joseph J. Morrison. Dec. 18, I'Wl; appointed Colonel, 16th New York
Artillery. James E. Ashcroft, assigned to the Battery in 1S»>J; mustered oat June

MUSTER ROtL. 297

22. WA. Thomas J. iiercereau, Oct. 3, 1864; mustered out with Battery July 13,
llj«)5.

firnt LieuteniiT>t»—Sa.rauf'l Clark Day, promoted to Captain of F. Edward A.
Wlldt, Jan. 18, IWW; died Nov. 30, I81VI, of wounds received at Honev Hill. S. C.
0<'o. C. Breck, Jan. 27. IHtVj; mustered out July 13, 1865. Geo. H. Crocker, Xov. 15,
l!*i4: rouatered out with B.attery July 13, 1865.

S>''-iyr"/ /Jt- lit r 71 <iji ft — John W. Hecs. Jan. 23, 1861; promoted and tranaferref*.
Danif-l Folk, Jtin. 27, lS(;-,>: same. Richard Jones, March 2, 1865, and Thos. H. I.
Martin, May 1, l.s<>o; mustered out July 13, 18(J5.

S^nj^'iiit/i — Charles W. Klopseh, James Yates. Daniel Sneeshall, Joseph Collin?,
Gardner D. Gould. Nelson Elliott, Jas. M. Staples, Geo. E. Fisher, Patrick Lahan,
Hamiltnu Otis, Ansel Holmes, Miles T. Crocker, John B. French, Stephen O. Whit-
more, Jacob D. Penuell, Sam'l D. Vanderheyden.

CoriioniU — Edfrar A. Sanders, Henry B. Greenway. Ralph Somers, Edgar J.
Lyons, Charles Gunn, Jacob D. Pennell, James Gray, David Sterling, Thomas
Hnlihan, Chan. D. Philips, Geo. W. Howe, Aaron Bellows, Geo. J. Greening, Wm.
B. White, Henry S. Dickerson, James Hennessy. James Broomtleld. John Robinson,
Janes Ferpison, Bennett J. Denson. John E. Huntington, David Kingsley: Geo. P.
White, dit'd at Newbem Nov. 28. 18ti2: Charles Young, died on Seabrook Islai:d
July I'J, K**«>i; T. J. Webster, Ferdinand Halstead, Theo. Fisher, Hugh McPike,
James Yates. *

S'lglfru — Joseph Helbert, John Ackerman.

Art!tictr»—¥red. Mettel, John Wilson. Darius Matthews, Charles Gunn.

/Yir*;f<f*i— Stephen Albro ; Daniel Abbot, died at Beaufort, S. C, Oct. 26, 1863 ;
Wm. Booth, Alfred Burlew, Albert W. Butler, Wm. Basmer, Charles H. Branch,
Friend Baker, Henry Borke, Lee Bookstaver. Loren S. Bradley, James Broomtleld,
Jno. W. Bennett, Henry Baurlin, John Buchanan. Frank Barney ; Jacob Bnurlin,
died In tTie service ; Egbert Coduer, Charles Counsell, Henry H. Cornwell, Silas
Criss, Wm. P. Crowell, David B. Cannovan, Sylvester Corey, Jacob Cordes, Wm.
E. Curry, Pat. Curneen ; Eugene Cypher, died on Morris Island, Oct. 11, 1«6'J ;Alex.
Campbell, Wm. Crawford, Peter Colburn, Geo. D. Clark, died Nov. 19, 18t;2, at
Newbern ; Saml. Chambers, died Jan. Ifi, 1865 ; Joel Coon, Jos. H. Daw ; Alfred
Durbin, died at Hilton Head, Feb. 27, lau ; Franklin Duncan, died on Morris
Iflland. Dec. 3, IHtvJ ; Lawrence Donlan, Wra. Duffy, Abram Dean, Henry J.
Di(kerson,_ Geo. Dachart, Loren Demond, Patrick Davy, Martin Demond, Samuel
D.irbln, Waterman L. Davis, John Durgy, Jloitimer Durgj", James Dunn, Hugh
Donovan, Daniid O. Driscoll. John Defour, Wm. B. Daniels. Wm. Durbin, Lewis S.
Dyer, Chas. H. Dres.^er ; Geo. W. Dinehart, discharged on account of wounds
rr.f-iv-d at Honey Hill, Nov. 30, 186J ; Charles English. Jno. S. Earle. Dayton
Edward, James H. Eckersou. James Finn, Wm. French. Gilbert B. Follett. Gho. J.
F..iit.-r, James J. Ferris, John M. Failing, Wm. H. Failing, Walstein A. Failing,
Spt-ncr France, Wm. B. Fuller, Harlow Finger, David R. Forrest. John Farrt-ll,
Jamns Farrell, Wm. Franklin, Theo. Fisher. David Finger. John M. Fenton : Edwin
11. Fish, died at Hilton Head, Nov. 3, IS^H ; Henrv Finlayson, died at David's Lsland
Hospital April l.-). WVl ; James R.Grant, Elliott H.Gordon. CharU-s (iray, Alex.
Oniom, James (iilmore, Geo. J. Greening. Jame.-; R. Grant. MichaeKJalvin. Norman
Oo.i.lell, Sylvester Griswold, Ahner Gilbert, Holland E. Groom : James H. (irHeumg,
died D.'c. 25. lSf4, at Hilton Head, from wounds received at Honey Hill : John
Oault. di^d on Morris Island, Oct. 9,1863, of disease ; Otis Hamilton, John Hill,
David W. Hibbard. Geo. Kurd, Johnson Henries. Delos C. Hubbard. Ornn
n-.!con\b, Pat. HoUhan. A. Halstead. S. Hombeck, Chas. W. Harfiraond. Ferdinand
lUii-t.'rtd. John Hardin, Albert Henries, Wm. Heathers. Chas. A. Hill. Abram H.

' 1. I ""• ^-'''^'n ^I- Le.ster, James Logan. Peter Laugdon ; Edward Lock-
wood, tjlej , it Newbem, May 20, l8t;2, of fever: John Leach, died in the a^^rvice ;
»»rreD .Miller, Darius A. Mathews, John Mahon, Delos W. M.arvin. Francis
? urray, Pat. .Mah.m. John McCullough, Robert Munrett. Frank Munrett. Mi.'liael
Jlaetll. Alex. Ml Carroll. Michael McKone, Geo. W. Mathew.s. Stephen Mathews.
Jauie* McLaughlin. James S. Moore. Andrew McKinnev. Martin Mvers. Hugh
t V. 'aV' J"I'" ^''""1"'. Ge,). H. McLaughlin. Warren Miller, Andrew J. JIathews.
J"hn .Merann. Charlen Murray: Wm. H. .Miller, discharged on account of woun(!«
w ,'■'*'■;'"' Honey Hill; Kliiis Meister, Lester J. Martin; Patrick Mulligan, di. .1 »t
Milton Heijd. July 2ii. iw^j; Frank .Male, died ou Morris Island. S. C. Dec. II. I"^^ :
"otfh McPeak. died of disease, at Newburu, June 24. WA ; Horace .Morse, die.l Ht
^^.••rbern, Oct. 4, 1S64; Eugene Nye, Marion Olmsted, Willard Olmsted, Joshua K.

298

3D NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Osterhoudt. Dennis O'Keefe. Daniel O'Driscoll, Rhinehardt Osinser. Danl. E.
Oakley, Michael O'Hara. Peter Pitman, Joseph Pigeon, Wm. H. Parker. James
Porter, James Pringle, Charles E. Penner, Alonzo Powers, Calvin J. Porter. Charles
W. Perry, Jacob D. Pennell ; Wm. Place, died at Newbern. July 7. ISHi: Daniel M.
Palmer, died on Morris Island, June 10, 1804 ; Franklin M. Penner. died at
Charleston. S. C, March 1.5. 1S6.5 ; Thomas V. Powers, died on Morris Island,
Feb. 10, IHf'o ; .Tames Quinn; Thomas t^uigley, died on Morris Island. Sept. 2.S. IS^VJ;
Francis M. Rice, Charles Remolds, David Rosmond, Ansrustus RolL Stephen
Roeers, Charles A. Rector. £dward Richard.'^on, Elias HI Raymond. John F.
Kobinson, Lawrence Riley. Wm. Roberts, Thomas Rlley^, Joseph Stansbury. Henry
Simpson. Alfred Sweet. Alfred Snow, Joseph E. Spanlding. Daniel Sneeshall. David
Seward, Charles Shank. Seneca Shank. Alex. Simpson. Charles H. Simp.son, Michael
Smith. Jas. A. Sawyer. James H. Smith. Dennis Sheehan. James M. Simpson.
John B. Sturge, Ecbert Stephens : Lafarette Seaman, died at Convalescent Camp,
Va., Dec. 13. l.S*>?; John Scullv died on V. S. ship Cofmopo/ifan. off Morris Island.
Aug. 20, 18f>B ; Pat. Sharkey, died at Newbern, July 23, 1H«53 ; David Stewart, died at
Morris Island, May 17, 1>^'V1 ; Wm. Thompson. Jos. W. Taylor. Jas. B. Travis. John
Travis, Sidney Terrv, Henry Terry. Jlichael Taylor, E. A. Travis. Robert Tate,
Wm. Tobin ; Henry 'filton, died on Morris Island. Sept. 3<3. lStt3, of disease; John
Vandenhoof. Geo. W. Van .Mstine. John Van Sickle, Samuel Wheeler. Seth
Wheeler, Ralph Wheeler, Jeremiah Waite. John A. Waite, Calvin Watson, Chas. F.
Weeka Thomas Williams, Robert White. Thomas J. Webster. Wm. Widner. David
Watson. Andrew Watson, Andrew Weaver, Jos. Williamson; Henry Wilev. died at
Charleston, S. C, April li, 1863 ; Philo S. Young, died at Hilton Head, June Itt, Itko.

COMPANY " C," 19TH INFANTRY.

[Consolidated May 22, 1863, and two years'" men mustered out June 2.]

Captain — James E. Aehcroft, .\pril 2.'5. l.Vil; transferred to 3d.

fimt LieittenajitM — Samuel Clark Day, May 22, 18*51; transferred to 3d Artillery.
Charles B. Randolph, Jan. 24. IH*)2; mustered o>it June 2. 18W.

Second Lieufeiwittn — Charles ft. Graves. Jan. 24, 1S<J2: resigned April 18. 1863.

Serffennts — Adolphus W. Newton, .^lunzo Jordan, Edward C. Manning. William
Ounn, David C. Hvitchinson. Peter Hummell, George Burt.

Ow;>om/*— .\ndrew .S. HoUenbeclc, Wm. E. Bi.shop, Wm. E. Smith, Menzo Griffin,
Charles Reed, Patrick Dillon, Levi H. Havens, Wm. P. Harrington, Thaddeus J.
Murphy, Wm. Seeley.

J>rummer — Joseph Winters, drowned at Ealorama, June 28, 1861.

Fi/er—y^m. Seeley.

PryratM — Wm. H.'.\dams, Hiram C. Adle, Nicholas Antoine, Jeremiah Barnard,
John Benedict, Cornelius Bradt. Nicholas C. Bradt, Alex. Bowles. Thomas Biirtrara,
Wift. H. Barnes. Wm. H. Baxter. Sherwood S. Ball, Oran D. Bates, Julius Buckley,
Wm. Benton, Peter Campbell James Cavana;;h. Robert H. Conwal. Richard D. Con-
nolly, James E. Close. Jeremiah Currau, Patrick Deinpsey, Timothy Dillon. John
Ehinn, John Deuel, John Decker. Eher S. Dunbar, John Dean, Thomas A. Deverall,
John Davis: Leroy B. Ellis, died at Baltimore, Oct. 6, 18t'>l ; Ira Edwards, Edwin
Evans. James French. James Frazee. James Feuton, Samuel Gilbert. John Groves,
ChasGurlev. Lewis (Jurley, Theo. GofT. Chas. Grav, Geo. Hall, Geo. Hicks. Henry
L. Hall, James Hall. Peter HartsuET. Wm. H.-witt, Lemi Howe, Geo. Howe, Thomas
Hopper, David Honeywell. Charles A. Hill, S.-th H. Haskell, James Halpy. Thomas
Jefferson. Hiram Johnson, Isaac Jacobsou. Wm. H. Johnson, Joseph Keenan. Rich-
ard Kolch, (Jsiar Lan::ford. Theo<lore Lantrs. Albert Lewis. James Leary. Daniel
W. Loring. George Martin. Henry McLaviuhlin. James McKennev, John 3Iurray,
Bernard McEln^v. John Myers, .\lbert Masters. Winchester G. >fattisou, Thomas
McLaughlin, Nelson Newman. Marvin Oluev, F.lias Ostrander, Martin A. P.ilmer,
Albert C. Parker. E. M. Parmelee. John UandalL Conrad Raskoff. Robert Riley,
Beojamin Randall. Isaac Rider. James L. Riu'htmyer. John Ryan. Clark Saunden*,
Wm. P. Siddon.s. John Sinagg. Thomas Skidmore. James W. Sloat. Charles Sweet,
Charles Smith, Peter Jcmes. Daniel Sticker. Vinton F. Story. Henry H. Seymour,
Charles S%veet. Jeremiah Skinner. Ira Swift. Oliver Scandliug. .Xinlrew J. Taber,
John Twist. Charles Van Tasso), John D. Van Dusen, Heiirj- Van Buren: George
West, died at Hancock, .\pril 13, ltS*>2; Marcellua Weir, Alonzo Williams, Hiram
Wood, FlaviuB J. Webster.

'c : "■ -f'i,;ojftsiJi»t

MUSTER ROLL. 299

BATTERY "C," 3D ARTILLERY.

[Mustered out July 14, 1865.]

Captain— Wm. E. Mercer, August 31, 1863; mustered out with Battery.

Fir^t LU>it(n,irifx—Ja.mea S. McVey, Sept. iiS. 18H.3; mustered out with Battery.
Enoch Jones. Aur. 13, lM*i-J; transferred JIarch 4. 18tv5. George W. Leonard, ".d. 3iay
8, l«ftl: muster.-d out July 14, IStS. Ezra B. Wood, March 4, 1805: resigned May 10.

Sf<;mi/ LUnttiuiutH—Yim. H. Sanford. Aup. 31, IStvi; transferred July 27, WW.
Clinton D. Starrinc Sept. 1, IWW; transferred Aug. ->«, 1604. Osilvia D. Ball, Aug.
27, \HA\ transf.rred Feb. 25, 1805. Wni. H. Coffin, March 4, 1865; and Martm \\ eb-
ater, April .jti. l.s<;,'^,; mustered out with Battery.

.■vr;/^. Ml r,«— Edward Stanley, Oliver T. Sevmour. David "Wilkinson. Charles Jones,
Charl.-H M. Bates, Charles A. Nelson, John' Kane. Thomas Peet, Wm. H. Goodrich,
Edwin D. Lisher, Edgar W. Seymour, Henrv Kilbum. Evan J. Evans.

r.>r/,«r(;/«_Joseph Wicks, Emery J. Abbott, Americus Miller. Wm. D. Jones. Wm.
W. Burdl.k, M. K. Dickinson, George S. Bradlev, Wm. Kirkner. Curtis D.Wash-
burn, Charles A. Walker, Thomas Welch. Daniel B. Sanford, Daniel T. Santry. Al-
bert T. Jones, John Russell; Lucius L. Prescott. died Jan. 17, 1804, of wounds re-
ceived from an explosion of ammunition; Ezra B. Wood, CharlemaKue T. Burley,
David C. Hawley. Myron A. Babcoek, Benjamin Shepard, Charles Walker, Charles
Cook, H. S. Omans.

.Su://*"/-*— Stephen J. Whitton, Wm. E. Webber.

Artificer — Wm. M. Redmond, John W. Stemp.

Jr(i(7»n<r— Gilbert Welch.

Ouitlon — George P. Hotchkiss.

Prirateit—John. Aekerman, Abram Antone, John Bates, Peter Bean, Wm. Birt,
Geo. S. Bradlev, Charles Baswort, Ttfomas H. Bass, Wm. H. Bass, Geo. Buskirk,
Edward H. Bu-e, Jerrv H. Burke, Edward Becker, Philo K. Burch, Myron A.
Babt-ock, Wm. W. Burd'ick, Chancellor G. Ball. Nelson A. Burdick, Wm. M. Bee-
man, Wm. A. -Barton, C. T. Burley. Geo. H. Brown, Harvey L. Brown, Ephraim

-. --. _ ..... Conway. Thomas Daley, -

DttviH, Henry H. Dinneck, Moses B. Dickinson. John F. Downs, Wm. M. Demon,
Jsmea F. Dickinson, Daniel Davis. Amos H. De;i.n. Eugene Dewitt, Davis Evans,
Evan J. Evans, Cha.s. A. Ellis, Joseph Ellis, John M. Ellis, Geo. French. David
Flnley, Fred.-rick Fi-lshmire, John Fox, Harvey J. Ferris, Alex. J. Flint. Wm.
Frmnre, Alonzo Fox, Lewis Ford, Charles Farnar; Wm. A. Foster, killed in action
»t Wise's Forks, N. C, March 8, 1805; Beni. F. Ferry, died in the service; Jas.
GrcKlfellow, Samuel Greenfield, Isaac Gale, Levi Glerchauf, Thos. H. liay, Wm. B.
Gape. Jacob Goodman; Adelbert E. Green, died at Newbern Nov. 1. lNi-1. of yellow
f'-Vf r; Wm. Griffith, Wc.ilev Grinis, Andrus Gardiner. Geo. Greene. Isaac J. Gnrtith,
JoneaW. Hobart. Cyrus W.Hecock, Garrett Hoiightaling, Hugh E. Humphrey, David
C. Hawlov, John Hustv, Michael Howland, (ieo.W. Holmes. Dekalb HunHaeU: Albert
P. Holmes, died at Newbern Dec. 7, 18(V1; Wm. Kick. Wilber F. Hubbard, Geo.
Jordan, David Jones, David Jaque, Fred"k Jodrey; John Judge, died at Newbern
Oct. 15, ]8f>4, of ague; Geo. Jones, died at Morehead*City Dec. 19. isti4; Joseph
Keene, Lewis M. Kingsbury, Edwin Kane, John Kelley, Patrick Kfihoe, Henry
Kilboumo. Geo. H. Kilbourne. Barney Kennedy, Edgar Kane, John W. Lewis. John
L*-", Win. H. Lyons, Nelson Ludington, Henry Landers, Edwin D. Lake. John J.
Lewis?; Holton Liinders. died at Newbern Oct. 11, 18W. of yellow fever; Edward H.
Lasher, died at Nt-whern Jan. 22. 1805, of wovnids received fram the explosion of a
limber ch^st: John Lubey, died in field ho.spital, Raleigh, N. C. Mav ti. 1805; Geo.
Ijiwton, Dennis .Mullens, John McLeod, Christopher Mathews, Fredk McFall. John
MuUanev, Luke Mullnnev. Michael JIcKt-an, James McWiunie, Jno. P. McCarty,
L.«vi F. .Mill.-r. Thos. R. Moon. James McKenna, John H. McLaughlin. Edwin Mil-
iar; Eugene Jlultbv. dit-d at Newbern Jan. 22. IWk'i: Charles Myers, died at New-
bom April Si. r^Vl;' Richard Maher, died at Newbern Nov. 21. 1804, of consumption;
AllMTtMooney. (lied at Newbern Dec. 10, ISiVt; Edward Mack, Cnssander -Miller,
JaineH .Mee, John Mayors, Henry S. Omans; Owen Owens, died at Newbern Jan. 12,
l"*!*. of wounds received from the explosion of a limber chest; Thiimas 0'Brii>n,
JaniOR Patterson, (icorge Phelj)s, Robi-rt Pickett, Wm. Pollitt. Norniandcrs Put,
K'DbIow Penner, Thomas Pettam, Homer A. Post. Isaac Pier, Cuhiu I'Tter;
H.nry Patterson, died at Newbern, Oct. 2",!. 18<i-». of ylelow fever; Lucius L. Prcs-
rott, died at Newbern. Jan. 17, 1805, of wounds received from the explosion of a
Umbfr cbuHt; James Pendergast, Patrick tiuagloy, Marion Rhodes, Nicholaji Uus-

300 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

■ell, James Russell, Melrin Root. Dennis Ryan, George Root, Wm. Senbar, John
Switzerick. Peter Snyder, Van Rensselaer St. Johns, James Stowell; Delevan B.
Simmons, died at N'eWhern, Xov. Hi. IrttU, of disease; Edward Seifrmond. Patrick
Solan, Charles A. Smith. Sherman Sidney, Frank Seabold, Barney Sanders. Wm. H.
Scott, Wm. Smith, Benj. F. Sheppiird, Geo. L. Smith, John D. Stoat. Edward B.
Stephens; Gustavus Speers, died at Utiea. N. Y., March 6. IStio. of consumption;
John Smitli, Levi Stt-wart, Jeremiah Tuomey, Geo. H. Tierney. Hn^h Tucker,
Frederick Turner, John W. Turnier. Johnathan Van Nort, Geo. Van Dyke. Jesse
Vanderpool, Wm. Ward, John Walker. Jamea H. Welch. Ilarley Williams. Jay
Worden, Geo. Wilson, Geo. W. Wait, Ezra Barton Wood, Hiram E, Webb, Edgar
S. Warner, Ira H. Williams, Charles A. Wolver, Geo. W. Young.

COMPANY "D," 19TH INFANTRY.

[Consolidated May f&, 1863 ; two years' men mustered out June 2.]

Captain — Owen Qavigan, April 25. 1B61; mustered out June 2, 186-3.

Firtit Lieutenant — Wm. Boyle, ilay 22, 1861 ; mustered out June 2, 1863. Luke
Brannack. April 10. 186J;same.

Second Lieitti^nunt — Patrick Dwyer, April 10, 1862; mustered out June 2? 180-3.

SergeuntA—T>a.n\el Dowllnp, Pa'trick Handlen. Danl. McCartin. Thomas Burke,
John Nolan, Francis Anderson. Edward Ryan, Thomas McGovern.

Corporiili, — Henry Finlan, Edward Ryan, James ilcCabe, Dennis Scollins. James
O'Brian, James Connells. Pat. CuUen, Henry Bozeat. James Ryan, John Mullen.

J>rvmmer — John Tiemey.

Fi/er — Daniel Turnier.

Prir^at^K — Titus .A.llon, James A. Andrews, Michael Bamett, Michael Barnes,
Bernard Bohen, Wm. Buckley, Thomas Burke, Patrick Burnes, Robert Boyle,
Michael Boyle. Peter Boylf>, Daniel Burn.'^. Jamea Conley. Joseph Coushlin. Peter
Conway, Geo. Conway. James Corcoran, Wm. Corcoran. Thomas Cumminss. John
Cllgett, James Campbell, Patrick Colt-man, Patrick Campbell. Patrick Detran,
Daniel Doyle. James Donnell, James Dwyer, Dennis Dwyer. Patrick Doyle. John
Doran, Patrick Dclaney, John Doyle, Wm. Finlan, David Finlan, John Finn, Patrick
Fallon, John Fallon. Jlichael Fay, Wm. Galvin, Thomas Green, James Calvin,
Richard Garrettv, Robert Gleason. Timothy Gorman. James Uarvey. Jeremiah
Gainey, Dennis llafEcy. Thomas Head. Thomas HoUhan. Andrew Haley. Wm,
Holmes, Sovertrn Hornbeck, John Hofjan, John Howell, Thomas Jack.son, John
Jackson, Dennis Kane, John Kelley. Patrick Kelleher, Timathy Keef. >[ichael
Keenan, Richard Kimr. Patrick Karn. Miithael Lac_y. Michael Leo, Louj^lin MeCartin,
Francis MeCartin. Daniel .MiLou!,-iilin, Dun. McCarthy. John ilcKeon, Jamea
Moore, Dennis Mon>'Tian, Thomas Murjihy, Edward Jlurphv, Thomas Jfulvey,
James Mack^y. Wm .^bMiinley, John M'-('li"».^key, Michael Mct*hee. James Murray,
Michael Mc(tarr. Dennis Mor:\n, John Murphy, A. D. Main, Peter .^tooney, Patrick
Maloney, Dan. McGraw, Miihael Murphy. John O'Brien. Peter O'Brii^n. Thoniaa
O'Suliivan, Edward O'Brien. Henrv O'.Veil, .Michael O'Keil, John Purcell. Thomas
Quirke, An<lrew Hairan. .Andrew lUMtdini:. John Rattipan, Thomas T. Ryan, Geo.
Reeves, Philip Ryan. Dennis ScoUin. Joiui Shehan. Dennis R. Shell. James .Stuart,
Oliver Strong. .\lei. Shaw, John Tierney, John Tiemey 2d, James Tracy, Wm
Tracy, Peter Toohill— 119.

BATTERY "D," 3p ARTILLERY.

[Mustered oat July 5, 1865,]

r<//)ra»>— Stephen Van Heusen, Oct. 31, 18(;3 ; mustered out Julv ."S. 186,%.

Fimt I.ieuteniinti— John Stevenson, Jr., Jay E. Storke, David b. Hillis, Horatio
N. Thompson.

Secnntl /.i>'//cKrt/i//»— Thomas Vanderberg and John J. Brinkerboff. Jr. ; mustered
out July 5, IKi.").

Sergeant'— ■A. V. R. Van Heusen, Jr., James A. Leonard. Henry Tcgley. Wm. H.
Smith, John Edwards, Jumea E. Palmer, Thomas Casey, Elias B. Green, Lewis B.

MUSTER ROLL. 3OI

Wtite, J. Rowland Brownell : John M. Drake, died at Newbern. Oct. 27, isr>4, of
yellow fever; John M. Drake, Jaa. E. Chandler, H. L. Rickerson, Juhu Edwards.

<>>r;/on;?*— Henry S. Doran, Willard C. Mallory, Wm. Smith. Wni. J. Harp, David
E. Powers, Wm. B. Swift. Jolin W. McDonald, Thomas McGraw. Orin A. Town-
•end, Elias J. Dabcook, Nelson T. Brown, Hudson Mickhy. John Simmons: Edward
Fitzp'rald. difd at Morehead city, Nov. 15, IBW, of yellow fever ; Wm. Cable, died
at Newbern. Oct. 5, 1SH4, of yellow fever.

Bit'jUrn — B. Dennis. Andrew Kelley.

^rf/n^vr*— Nelson Eaton, Perry H. Onderdirk,

Prir,itfM—yim. Adams, died at Newbern, July 30, 1864, of accidental musket
rounds; Jos. J. Baekman, Wm. Backman, Ira \V . Brown. Edward H. Benjamin,
Charles l3urrouj;lis, Wm. Barker, Edmond Breault, AVm. Biselow. Geo. L. Bristol,
Thoniua Burns, Dewitt Buck, J. R. Barclay. Philip Brownell. Charles W. Barnes,
lUrain A. Bennett, Charles E. Bennett, Philip Baldwin, Nelson Bates. James C.
Bachnian. Ueuj. S. Barber, Franklin Benjamin: Edmund Breese. died at Newbern.
Sept. VA, \t^>i, of yellow fever; Edward Bowe, died at Newbern, Oct. 15, \^M. of
vellow fever; Patrick Barrv, died at Newbern. Aue. -30. 1HH4, of typhoid fever:
Dwl>.-lit M. Bottom, died at S'ewbern. Oct. 21, IStvl. of yellow tever; Henry Camp-
bell. John Conley, Horatio N. Cnrr, Wm. Blaxton. Adelbeit Carr, Chauncey M. Col-
llBoc. Michael Clay, Abrara B. Cherrv, Edward Cook. Dewitt Cowl. Robert Carr,
Leriiy Conant, James E. Claiidleon. T^eo. Conklin. James Christy. Patrick Conwav,
"Wm. H. Coflin; A. L. B. Condit, died at Newbern. Sept. 3U, \f^M. of remittent fever;
Edmund M. Curtis, accidentally drowned in the Neuse river, near Fort Anderson,
June 17, lht)4; Lobinski Cameron, died at Newbern. Nov.. ti, IMil. of yellow fever;
Oeor^e Curtis, died at Newbern. Dec. 23. 1864: Fritz Deiner. Michael Denny. Henry
Darniau, Frank Defoe, Ephraira B. Dumont. George W. Delmarter. Jas. P.'Darrow,
Christopher Dillon, James P. Derby, Seabury G. Davidson. James Devereaux. Jar-
vis E. Daniels; Nichols Dietze, died at Newbern, Oct. 'Si, lt<t>4. of yellow fever;
Elijah S. Evarts, died at Newbern, Dec. 14, 18M, of diarrhoea: Wm. A. Easterly,
died at Newbern, Oct. 26, IStVl, of yellow fever; James Fecley. James K. P. Fen/u-
8on, Patrick Finnineham, Casper Frank. Thomas Fitzgerald; Edward Fitzgerald,
died at Morehead City. Oct. 15. 1864. of yellow fever; Warren H. Gillett. Wm. Geer,
Reuben Goodman. George W. Green. Wm. H. Gray, Thomas Giimore. Chas. Gutch-
es8, Wm. H. Horsley. Daniel Hogan, Robert S. Hawkins. Robert Hauney, Abram B.
Hart, Samuel Hall; John Hobby, died at Newbern. Oct. 1. 1864. ot remittent tever;
Hiram Halstead. died at Newbern, Oct. 27. 18fvl, of yellow fever; Daniel Hewitt,
died at Newbern, April 21, 1805, of consumption; George A. Uuutiugton. died at
.Newbern, Nov. 1.% \Ht'A, of yellow fever: Lewis E. Ireland. Nathan Judevine, Wni.
John&)n. Chauncey Jones. Frederick V. Johnson, Webster Jacobin, died at New-
bfru, Oct. .5, l,-u>J. of yellow fever; George S. Jenkins, died at Newbein. Oct. ly,
1'^'4. of vellow fever; Wm. Kittrick, Andrew J. King, Henry King; C)rville P. Keeler,
died at Newbern, Oct. 19, 18t>l, of yellow fever; Henry Kliner, John M. Light. Hurl-
bert II. Loss, Charles E. L(jve, Henry Landis. Cornelius Lyons. Rowland D. Luns;
Frank B. Latham, died ot Newbern. Oct. 5, 18H.t. of vellow fever: HoUv Lviies. died
• t Newbirn. June 8, l.^U, of fever; John McPeak, Frank M. Miller, V\ lu! .Alit.hell,
I'atrick .McEntee. Thomas McD(mouph. Francis :McDoii!iUl. Thonia.^ McPeak. Geo.
K. Marsh^ill. David Mann, Wm. Marion, James Miller, Patrick Moraii. John Mul-
riKilfV, Henry Mickley, Charles G. Myres, Francis .Morrison, Thomas Muri)hy. Ed-
ward'Murphv. Thomas Millington, Leroy S. Metcalf, George W. Jletcalf. :»l'ichael
Martin, l^-wls Mosher, Patrick McGraw, James Main, Peter McFarninn. Jas. Max-
WfU; Joseph Morrison, died at Newbern, April 1, 18(;4; Ora B. Jlitchell, died at
Newbern, Sept. 16, 1664, of yellow fever; Carlos Morgan, died at Newbern. Oct. VJ,
l**'!. of yellow fever; Ed. k. Munson, died at Newbern. Nov. 21. 1864. of fever: Wm.
H. Margeson. died at Morehead City, Feb. 16, iwi5, of diarrhoea: Hugh JlcPeak,
di.-d at Newbern, June 34, 1S64; John Malone. died at Newbern, Sept. 'M\. \t<>A. oi
r.-mlttent fever; Al^-x. M'^Kay. died at Newbern. Sept. 12, 1864, of reiintt.-nt ff>ver;
Patrirk McDonald, died at Ne.vbem. Nov. 20, ISii-l, from accidental wounds; Philip
McGuire, died at Newbern, Sune-1, 1865, of disease: Henry L. Nobles, Nelson New-
man. John S. Newbury, John Newhard. Owen Nucent: B. L. Newton, died at New-
»).-ni, Oct. 16, l^iVJ; Duni-1 Olen. Eli R. Powers. John W. Payne, Jacob R. Post. John
C. Parker, Homer B. Parker; Orlando Pollock, died at Newbern, Sept. fi, l>ti4. of
remittent fever: Wm. Quigley, George (^uiek. Jotin Richardson. Henrv Richards.
Patrick Roach. H. S. Uutlirauff, John H. Kich.irdson, Henry L. Hicliersou, Jo-eph
Robinson, James Klgnay: Byron Richards, died at Newhern. October 21, 1M>4. of
jellow fever; Charles H. Rhoades. died at Newhern. Oct. 28, 18fU. of typhus ft-Vf-r;
Dewitt C. Sia.klin. Geix N. S(»utherland, Leo T. Swartwout, iletiry Seltzer. J^hu
H. Smith. Stephen Swuk. Charles Straighter, H. K. Stahl. James .M. Stewart. Wm.
J St.wurt. Mathew Shannon, J<ihn Sanders, Wallace Smith. Albert Smitli, .I'lin
Sunm.iu.s, Edward Strong, Charles H. Smith; Henry Snath, died at Newhern. O' t.

U, l.N,i, of yellow fever; Rufus S. Snyder, died at Newbern, Jan. 17, l&Oo, of diseaise;

302 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

John J. Shermao, Jay V. Stewart. Franklin Terry, Henry Tallman Thomas
Thornton, bilas A. Tremain, Richard Toxsley, John W. Taylor, James Tobev
Bennett Tavl,,r, died at Newbern. Oct. 18. 1S64, of yellow fever; Fred. Vandermark-
Isaac Van Houten, died at Xewbern. Oct. 13. 18M, of yellow fever- Charles h'
n*^!'!^ ^^'; 'l'*''',^'^ Newbern, Oct. 10, 1S64. of yellow fever; Oliver C. WUkins, Lewii
B. White; John Ward, died at >ewbem, Sept. 28, 1864, of yellow fever

COMPANY "E," 19TH INFANTRY.

[Original two years' men mustered out June 8, 1863; the rest formed the nucleus of
a new Company.]

Oip^rtin— Theo. H. Schenck, April 25. 1861.

First Lieuteu(in(j<—D&yid.A. Taylor, May 22, 1861; promoted Jan. 1, 1863. Geo. E.
Ashby, March 10, 1862.

Second. Lieutenanfii— Edwa,rd C. Burtia, resigned. J. Fred. Dennis May 22, 1861;
promoted Dec. 2:1, 1862, to Adjutant.

JSergeanfn— Henry F. Rider, Austin Haynes, Charles A. Henry, James Harris

Corporif/-.— Henry C. DuVall, J. M. Coon, Roland Wade, Augustus Bumham.

Zhvcmmer — Milton Bates.

Jfj/V/^-Charles W. Clark.

Priratfi—yfra. C. Atkinson. Wm. Anthony, Wm. H. Anderson, Alonzo D. Abrams,
■Lewis Adams, Alonzo A. Austin. Geo. W. Austin, Daul R. Adams Horace P Baker-
Parley Burton, died at Hancock March 5, ISH-i: Charles Baxter. James H. Betts,
Edward Blake, bamuel Brings. Stephen BriK;;s: Charles Brook.s Andrew Bretweir,
James Blackman James H. Betts, Geo. H. Brown, Theo. M Brown Wm Blackie,
Joseph A. Coulter, Joseph E. Crounce. Wm. H. Currie, Sidnev Cunningham, Geo. A.
Copway Geo. Chadeayne, Joel Coon. V.in Buren Carlton, Henry Davis. Thomas S.
Devoe, Geo. P. Dean. Rodolphus H. Durphy, Wm. H. Datv, John C Dovle Daniel
E. Devoe, John Decker, Eber S. Dunbar. Edwin Edmonds'. Thomak E^'an " Samuel
Edmonds, Thomas Egan, Wm. Evarts, Wm. E. Everts, Hiram Freeman Henry F
Funk, John W. Frees, Wm. Furguson, Homer D. Fuller, Thomas Foley George
Fowler, Wm. N F<ister, Michael Fay, James Gaffney, John C. Garrick. Davidson
Graves, John H.Gregory, Wm. Greene. Seneca Goodman, J. W Gib.son Charles
W. Garey. Joseph R. trreensel. Charles Green, Myron Harrington, Albert Haywood
Edward Howard. Geo. S. Holiday, Healey O. Harmon, Edwin A Havens James
Heaney, James Hinman, Wm. Huntley. Harvey Hawley, Geo. Incersoll Charles
Johnson, Thos. W. Judson, Theo. D. Jackson, Joseph Kay, Allen Kilburn Charles
S-.,F^™^^^^. ^??-.'y''[;V''-T-^^'"?°,;^^'^''''"- P'^*^- il'-'Andrew, Geo. McGee. ' Roswell
Miller, Edwm H. Marble, Joseph Murnson, Leonard Moffatt Thomas J O'Harra,
Erring Palmer, Andrew Pullis, James E. Portin-ale, JelTerson Portiuu'ale, Edmond
L. Powers. Sohimon D. Pease. Jam^^s E. Portingale. Wm. G Peters Erastus H
Pierre, Peter Rassat. R<^uben Remington. Walter H. Rodgers Charles W Rash"
Konnan Re.vndlds. Charles F. Rynders. Franklin Reed. Geo. W. Remolds Theo'
Rogers. Orson Sherwood, Harlow Sherwood, .\u','u.stus Smith. John Shea Francis
Simmons. Elisha W. Stanton, Franklin D. Smith, Marcelhis S. Slater John's Ti^se
Justin Trim. Ed;:ar H. Titus, Edward Timmons. Julian Townsend Ira Terwillieer
Wm. V. Towuseud, Stephen Utter. Stephen H. Vandemark. James Van Gorder'
Q«o. Vanderwat'-r. Fred. Vandenburc. Cornelius Viele, Albert Waudell John
Ward. Charles S. Ward. Wm. Whaley. Charles T. Whitotleld. Wm. H. H. WiiUams,
John iL Wilson, traucis Wooley, John C. Williams, Willia Watson.

BATTERY " E," 30 ARTILLERY.

(Mustered out Juno 23, 1865.]

Cftptaint^-Theo. H S<!henck; promoted Sept. 30, 1863. Geo. E. Ashly, Dec 16
1863; mustered out with battery. •' °"- *">

MUSTEK ROLL. . 363

fir»t LiejU*nan(ii—yii\&n B. Goodrich, Dec. 26, 1864; mustered out with battery,
Roswell Miller, March 15, 1*^5; same James S. Fuller, May 1, 1863; resigned Oct.
1864.

Sfcfftui Litut&nantu — Edward Delester, Oct. 4, 1864; mustered out with battery.
Heary T. Rider, Nov. 1, 1»U; mustered out May 9, 1864.

S«rij(anU — Wm. Mouutjov, Wm. V. Townsend, John Peter.son, John M. Coon,
Henrv C. Smedd, Edmund L. Powers, Jas. J. Atkinson, James Woods. Wm. N. Fos-
ter, Wm. Hopemamp. W. Watson, Lorenzo Ercanbrack, Edwin W. Brenaan, Wm.
Howe, Geo. Vandf rsater, Daul. E. Devoe.

Corprn-al-n — Asa D. W'hitmore, John Evans, John Chafee, Donald McCall, John M.
Ellis. James Fentou, A. Townsend, Thoa. J. O'Hara, Wm. Blacfcie, Geo. E. Rey-
nolds, John W. Gibson, Lewis Adams, Daniel E. Devoe, Albert Kilburn, John C
Doyle.
Buijlfr* — Stephen Smith. Thos. W. Judson.
ArUfii-rrn — Harrison Kent, Wm. Galvin.

/•Hrii/c*— Austin Anesworth, Wm. H. Anderson, Geo. W. Austin. Allen C. Ayres,
Jeptha L. Ayres, Daniel R. Adams, John Anderson; Charles H. Austin, died at
KVwbf rn. Nov. 2, 1864, of yellow fever; Wm. C. Atkinson, died at Rochester, N. Y.,
May 11, lWi5; C. J. Ames, Alonzo A. Austin, Alonzo V. Beach. Samuel Brigps,
Birnoy BrieK», Newton S. Blood. Chauncey E. Bishop, Newton Brett, James Brett,
Stephen Briggs, John Buch.anan, Charles Brii^cs. Joseph B, Boyer, John Buchanan,
Wm. Blackie, Daniel Burges, Byron W. Burnett, John Bird, Geo. G. Bentley.
Ja«per Blakeman. EUas Bovel ; Ed. Burridge. died in camp, Oct. 15, 186'l;Joel
Coon, Justus CoppernoU, Samuel Carrs, E. K. Chamberlain, Jacob Carpenter,
Francis Cook, Chauncey Castleman, Daniel Callahan, Geo. A. Copway. Patrick
Campbell, Geo. W. Chadeayne, Isaac N. Cleveland. Wm. Claxton. Charles Conklin,
Jay R. Dickenson, Geo. O. Dean, Joseph Daiiey. Orlando Davenport, Thomas S.
Devoe. Ebert Dunbar, John Decker, Looman Dings, Geo. E. Ellenwood, Wm.
Evert*, Irving W. Edgerton, Madison Edwards, John Evens, Michael Fay, Alonzo
J. Fox. Anthony Fitzpatrick, Thomas Folev. Erastus Fowler, Isaac M. Fairchild,
Jeremiah Francis, James Fenton, Geo. W. fowler ; Alex. Foster, died at Newbern,
Jan. 11, 1864 ; Wm. Foley, killed in action before Petersburg, Va.. June 24, 1864;
John Faien, died at Port.smouth, Va., May ;J0, 1865, of disease; Robert Gleason,
Seneca Goodman, James Graham, John %V. Gibson, Edward C. Gilson, James
Gleason, Charles W Geary, Charles Green, Clarence Gravlin, Ralph R. Gumsey;
Edward E. Gibb.s. killed in action at Drury's Blufl. Va., May 16, INi-l: Abner S.
Gilbert, died at Homer. N. Y.. Dec. 12, 1864, from disease; Martin V. Hotel, Morton
O. Herrick, James A. Hicgins, Jos. T. Hunter, David Harvey. Daniel Hitt. Andrew
HoUenbeck. Seth H. Haskill, Edwin A. Havens, Martin Havens, Wm. H. Hawley,
Harvey Hawley. Thomas Hickey. Riley Ham, Geo. S. HaUiday, Myron G. Herring-
ton, P.itri('k Hi(;key, Clias. A. Hill. Jasper Howe; Geo. Hotchkiss. died at York-
town, Va., Mry 1, \^^'A■, Theo. D. Jackson, Wm. Johnson, Charles Johusou, Thomas
JrfTeraon, Jamea K'in.-^ella. Wm. H. Lewis, Alonzo Loveland, John Lime, Jesse Lee;
All>«»rt A. Lewl.>i, :^Ii(hael Lynch; H. P. Lucas, died at Newbern, Aug, 6, 1?<6.3;
Andrew M. Lucas, died Dec. 2, 1861. at Philadelphia; Merritt Lent, accidentally
killed by the fall of a tree, Virginia, Dec. •«), 1661: Albert Masters, Myron U.
Mitchell, Isaac Meeker. Joseph Meyer. Leonard Moffatt, Frank E. Miller, Jos. V.
Miirrisin. Elias Masters, James Murray, John Mooney, John J. ilaxou, Edward
Murphv, Wm. Murphy, Timothy Murphy, Jlichael Murohv, Albert Mor.se, John
Myen*. Oria K. Munn, Wm. McGee; Michael 31cGarr, died at Newbern, Aug. M,
I"--!; Ed. H. Marhle. died at Elmira, N. Y., July 12, 18<i4, of pneumuiiia; Orm K.
Munn. died at Auburn, N. Y., Aug. 56, I81U, from effects of a hall; John E. Nuttatte,
Kj hraim North; Simoon K. Nichols, mi.ssing in action at Drury's BlutT, May 16,
'."•4; Patrick Nagle, Daniel OHerron, Thomas J. O'Hara, Michael Ollara, Irving
W Ov-rholt; Harrison O'Hara. died at Albany, N. Y., April 1. Va'A: David Peter-
»"n. Salmon D. Pease. Geo. W. Pierce, Geo. W. f'roudfoot, John Paine, Lewis Pur-
rhiuM>. L«vi H. Putnam, Dwight W. Powers, James Prosser, David E. Powers,
Ji-ffenton Portingale, Charles H. Root. Geo.W. Reynolds, Edward B. Rinkcr, Reuben
Knnnmgton; Franklin Reed, killed in action at Drury's Bluff, Va., .May 16,1861;
Alfred Spoor, Joseph Spoor, Ransom Smiires, James M.Simpson, Wm. Slattery,
Henry .strong, Oliver Scandling, Rufus Smith, Judson L. Sennett. Nicholas J.
i|t"Ut, James Sturgea.s, Wm. H. Stewart. B. A. Shapley, Henry C. Sheldon, Jas. U.
Helover, Jan. M. Simnson. Thomas Stuith, J. V. Stewart, John Sullivan ; Albert
Spnngstead, died in Virginia. Aug. 13. \t^\\; Wm. Taylor, Thomas Tioruey, Geo. A.
Tr»ver. Joseph Teter, Horace W. Titibl.s, T, C. Thomas, Wm. H. Tobin. Andrew
J Tuttle. Robert Tate, Michael Taylor; Richard Tierney. died at Albany of wounds
r^'eived Mav 16. l-^'il; Samuel Teter, drowned at sea, by falling overboard from
»hr Hfn, „f J^raeu, Aug. 6. lyi.}; Cornelius Viele. James Van Gorder, Geo. E. \ au
P*tten. Hiram Van Aniburgh, Albert Van Sicklen, Wm. L. Viucent. James V an
Uvrder, S. D. Vauderbeyden, Wm. H. Van Tassel, Wilber F. Woodward, S. B.

I aa.iK

304 3° NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Wmiamson, Jas. B. Washburn, Thaddeus Ward, Reuben Week, Wm. Watts,
Joseph Wj-ant, Francis Woollen, Ira H. Williams, Andrew Weaver, Roland D.
Wade, John Yager.

:: COMPANY "F," 19TH INFANTRY.

[ConsoUdated Sept. 28, 1861.]

Cap/atn— Nelson T. Stephens. April 2.5, 1861 ; resitrned Oct. 31, 1861.

Firitt LUatenant — Watson C. Squire, May 'H, \mv. resigned Oct. 4, 1861.

Second Lieiiiennni — Edward D. Parkf^r. .Vlay ^"J, 18<il: resigned Oct. 4, 1861.

Sergednta — Edgar B. Warren, David F. Bothwell, Bamer C. Goodridge, Robert
Haynes.

Corporals — Daniel Wilcox, Peter E. Hummel, James Mosher, Murray Chatfield.

Drummer — James D. Cauovan.
. Fifer—Vfm. E. Sandford.

Pncate« — Bishop E. Ames, George H. Barlow. John Baker, Charles Beitz. George
W,' Bennett, David F. Bothwell, Orson Clark, Jaiues Clark, James Collier, Willia
Collier, Myron B. Cranson, Isaac Cordon, John H. Diivldson, Wm. Dennis, Wm.
Dresser, Wm. M. Evans, Wm. Frair, Curtis M. Fritz, Daniel W. Goodridge, Peter
Oreeoman, Frank il. Grosbeek, Elijah E. Greenfield. Myron Hermon; Henry Hoag-
land, died Dec. 15, 1861; Richard Huaglaud. Anson Hotchkias, George S. HoUiday,
Michael Howard, Jotham Javiie. Horace S. Johnson. Joseph Kennedy, John S. Le-
Baron, Orlando Lillie. John F. Lkjwc. Abner Livingston, Wm. Main, Geo. A. Mosher,
Wm. G. Peters. Dwight Powers: Joseph Handle, died Oct. 2, 18()C; Francis Roonev,
Wm. Shimer, Marcellus S. Slater, Alfred Spoor, Joseph Spoor, Wm. Swetland. Wm.
C. Smith, Wm. Tavlor, Giles Taylor. John Theurer, Wm. H. Van Tassel, Myron
Watts, Charles C. Afrhipple, Wm. Whipple, Warren P. Wood.

BATTERY "F," 30 ARTILLERY.

[Mustered out July, 1865.]

Cb/)<fl»n-»-^Edwin S. Jenney. Oct. 18. 1861; promoted May 19. 186;}. Samuel Clark
Day, July 1". 18«>i. Edgar H. Titus, Nov. *), l><<i4; mustered out with Battel y.

Firnt LUuteniints — Alex. H. Duvis, Nov. 25. 18)1; promoted January 1.'). INii" Gus-
tavus F. ilerriam, Dec. IJ, isiil; discharged for promotion, Oct. 29, 1862. Edmund
C. Clark, Oct. 2. 1S64. Paul Uirchmoyer, Oct. 17, 1n;2; mustered out Jan. 20, 180.5.
George W. Leonard, March 8, 18<i4; promote<l to Adjutant. May 2.

Second Lieulrnanli — Jame.>< D. Outwatcr, Nov. 25. 1«61; di.-;(harged for promotion
to Gen. Peck's staff. Dec. 8. 1.862. Stephen Van He\isen. Nov. 16, 18ti2; promoted
July 17. 1863. David D. Hillis, Oct. !7. 1>^12; resigned Nov. 1, 18»«.

Hirgeants — James II. Milh>r. Juseph Craiiipton. Edward T. Madison, Conrad Eber-
hart. Oscar Harrington, Warr.-n S. Hciox. Evelvn P. Barber. Riley Faucher. Kici>
a,-d Souea, John Conway, Edwant McDoane. Win. D> ining. Paul Fay; Marvin .-V.
G^ylord. died at Portsmouth, Va., Oct. 20, 18t>2; Charles Steiner, died" at Newbern,
S -pt. 20, lNi2.

<V/ry/or<(/i— Augustus Voss, Charles A. Reals, Frank Burch, Geo. Ransom. Frank
Higgiiis. Corriu .M. Ladd, Geo. W. Orossinau. .Michael McCue. Francis E Piatt.
Elisha S. Cowlca. Harri.son Adams, De Jay Judsoa. Simeon -Baura, Marcus Kelltr,
Wallace Morley. John Murphy; James S. Chrysler, died. at Newbern. July 15. l.shj;
Henry F. (iarrett. died on Folly Island. S. C, July 25, 186;!; Fred. D. Worth, died
ftt Newbern. Nov. lHii2.

BinjlcrM — Hiram Frame, Dennis Smith. Conrad Ring.

Arti;i,-erj< — Charles S. Brown, I'at McCullough, John Junld; John W. Gibson, died
at Newbern. Oct. Id. Iht52.

PriniteM — Arnold Auer. John P. .\dams, Wm. A.shton, Sebastian Auer; John Ad
ams, died at Newbern, July 20, 1862, of fever; Abraham Auchmoody, died at Port.s

,1 ' :, .;>'.»

MUSTER ROLL. 3O5

mouth. Not. B. IViO: MUo Bnice, Horace Bnice, John C. Brown. Charles Bauhman
Orlando R. Bephe, Win. W. Beers. John Bersnider, Geo. W. Bullfinch. Wni. Burns'
Geo. E. Bricf^s. Beni'<lict Bloom, John H. Breman, John Bossier, Benedict Bloom'
Conrad Bers. CJeo. Hills, Lorenzo S. Bassett, Wm. Bates, Franklin Bates. Lucas T.
Bush; Max Bloom, died in the service; Edwin Clark, Geo. E. Coleman, Obadiah p"
Coleman, John P. Coleman. Wm. A. Cole, James Connor, Thos. H. Cox, Cicero
Cooper, Orsamus W. Crocker. Alex. Conner, John Conklin, Thos. H. Ch'lnnock;
Wm. H. Castnt^r. died in the service; Wm. Coffleld, died at Xewbern, Aug. 20, 18ii-j"
John Conners, died at Beaufort, S. C, Oct. 25, lt<();j; Alex. Coons. John C. F. Davis,'
Daniel Davis, Or^illf Demine, Russel Dewitt, Henry E. Duman, Ezra Daniels, John
Davis. Nathaniel T. Drake, James C. Drake, Fred. Durston, Geo. Derrick, Jas. H
Dunlap; Richard Doolin^, died in the service; Michael Duffy, died in the se^^•ice•
John Davis, Jos. Eit^eman, Wm. W. Elder; Samuel J. Edwards, died at Newbern,'
Nov. 1. 1SH4. of yellow fever; Theo. J. Everetts. died at Newbern, Aug. 24. 1862-
Alex. Fiill>>rton, John Fickers, Orrin M. Foster. Edward Francomb, Jos Fuchter'
Heinrlck Frolick. Jno. P. Fullerton, Fred, G. Fields; Geo. P. Farrar, died at New'-
bem, Oct. 17, l>-»>4, of yellow fever; Milo Goodrich, John Gilbreth, Wm. Gradv,
Jwnea Gross. John Griner, Amos H. Green, Charles W. Goodenow. Andrews Gard-
ner, Thomas Green, Elliott D. Goodrich, Luther Green, Henrv Green; Albert Gar-
r«tt. died on Folly Island, July 25, 18t>i; Patrick H. Hart. Max'Herman, James Hill,
Philip Houghtalins, Moses Houehtalin?. James H. Herrineton. Charles Harris,
Robert Harris, Geo. W. Hall, Charles Haver, Fred. Hersher, Robert Hoatr, Wm.
Heath, Andrew Herman. Geo. E. Herrinston. Michael Holden, Augustus Hewitt;
John H. Henry, died in the service; Killian Hober. died at Jacksonville, Oct. Si,
!•««: Virgil P. Irons; Valentine Inders, died at Newbern, June 7. 1862; Abram
James, Elias Johnson, Waterman Johnson. Albert James, Geo. King, John U.
Keene, James H. Kintjslev, Thomas Kelley, John E. Ladd, Ira Laddi Andrew Lee,
Edwin C. Loomis, Samuel Lacksinger, Jacob Lambert, John Lucas; Joel Cambert,
died at Newbern, May 14, 18t52; Geo. G. Lane, died in the service; John Lord, died
at St. Augustine in hospital, Oct. 20. 1S04; John McCarthv. Daniel McCortnick,
Fred. D. Mclntyre, Andrew J. MitchelL Charles H. Maxfleld.'Geo. W. Martin. Law-
rence McCue, Samuel C. Myers, Charles Miller, Coral H. Mills, Geo. Martin, Chas.
S. McKinley. Herbert A. Maxwell, Leslie G. Maxwell. Wolsey E. Masree, Geo. Man-
ley, Lawrence McCarthy, Geo. Merley, Charles H. Merrick, Aaron R. McCourter;
Jacob Miller, died at Newbern, Oct. 14, 18H2; John Miller, died in the ser^-ice-
Johnathan Newell. Charles G. Newell, Selah North, Philip O'Neill, Elias E.
Ostrander. Geo. W. Pitcher, Jesse E. Piatt, Charles Price, Clark D. Perkins;
Robert S. Parks, Wm. C, Parks, Webster Ransom. Randolph Robinson, Curtis
Reals. Martin E. Reals, Seneca K. Reynolds. Augustus Bohe. Sam'ord Rvder,

ler, Aaron Sage. Harley Shaw. Jr., Azariah Sheldon, Hiram Sherman. James
Mor«y. Ben. B. Sitterley. John Solar. James H. Sprague. Jefferson Smith. Charles
W Sprinuler. Augustus Sturgis, Henrv Smith: Walter Sage, died at Newbern,
July 15, is»i2; Peter Smith, died in the service; Bvron Tallmadge, Joseph Thorpe,
Wm, Taylor, Geo. Travis, Mathias Tvson. G. Vanbenburg. Reuben R. Worth, John

service; Orange P. White, accidentally killed on Foley Island, April 16, Ib&l: Philip
Zimmerman.

COMPANY "G," 19TH INFANTRY.

[Consolidated May 2i, 1863; two years' men mustered out June 2.]

r</pf-Tfn*— Charles H. Stewart, April 25, 1861; promoted Sept. 28, 1861. John Wall,
oept. 28. 1861; mustered out June 2, 186.3.

Fir^t LifufenmifM—Antoiue E. Robinson. Sept. 28. 1861; resigned Nov. 13, 1862.
John C, L. Hamilton, Jan. 1, l.vVJ; resigned Mao 1.3, 186.3.

St.<on<i Lieut'n'inf—L<^wis H. Mowera, April 10. 1962; transferred to 3d Artillerv.

Si rye< I Ttfj,— John White. Charles B. Quick. Geo. E. Sherwood. John White. Andrew
B.>ach, John Aiken, Charles B. Bush, Waltor C. Henry, Mason Andrews, J. V.
tthuxk.

'5 '

.\ ;v/' ucn

3o6

3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Corporals— Augustyis R. Leonard. Milan E. Goodrich, Sylvester Houfrhson, John
M. Thompson, Lewis Deline, Sidney W. Palmer, James H. Bennett, Anthony
Stacey. ,

Drummer — Bernard W. Dunn.

Fi/er — Charles H. Woolsey.

PriratM—Frunk Agnew. killed at Washinfrton, N. C. Sept. 5, 1862; Charles Aiken,
Gansevoort M. Allen: Wm. G, Anthony, died at Hancock June 20, 18ti-': Samuel S.
Andrews, killed at Washinsiton. N. C.. Sept. .5, 1H62; Hulbert S. Andrews. Abel
Austin, Benj. S. Barber, Morris P. Bnker, Geo. Brown, Sullivan Bates. John C.
Bingham, James B. Benson, Andrew J. Beach, Isaac S. Bradley, Sam. Brewster,
"Wm. W. Bush. John Br(ina>;an. John Burridtre, Wm. C. Bell, Milo Burns, Allen C.
Bennett, Thomas J. Bell, James W. Chapman, Henry Cleraenee, Wm. C. Cole. Delos
M. Cox, James Close, 3Iadison Clifton, Tlieo. Conklinp, S. C. Cornwell. Wm. T.
Cowen, John Coleman, John C. Crofoot, Coleman M. Curtis, Everend H. Casterlin.
Charles Culver. Geo. Chris.«raan, John H. Doitrich, Lewis Deline, Artemas A.
Dresser, Theo. L. Dunniiii:. Wm. Emerson. James G. Edwards. John Foster. Wm.
Fowler, John J. Fish, Charles H. Forshay, Nathaniel Fraser, Edson D. Gillett,
Delphi H. Georpia. Alexander Graham, Aaron Guilfus, Edijar D. Gillett, Lorenzo
W. Hatch, Joseph Hayden, Geo. Hayward. Asa A. Hoff, Marcus D. Herrick, Joseph
Horie, James Hunter, David Harvev. A. B. Huxford. James G. Hudson, Alonzo
Halsey, Morgan L. Joslin.^Alpheus" W. Jackquett. Fred. D.Jones, David Jones,
Albert G. Kurtz, Alex. Kelsey, Thomas Knowlaud. Wm. H. Kinnev, Monroe Lara-
waj, Geo. H. Leish. Thomas Lithjjrove, Abijah H. Loveland, Franklin A. Lass,
Henry F. Little. Byron W. Mabie. .Arthur D. Millard. Hu^h Mont^'omerv, David
Myriek, James H. Mill.';, Wm. :Martin. Thomas North, Elibha Pearce, Wm. W. Pease,
John H. Robinson, Edirar Ranson. Wm. Richards, Amos Rolf, Wm. H. Root, Rich-
ard B. Raner, Marshall M. Satrer, Henry Smith, Thomas Strahan. Geo. W. Stevens,
Geo. Simmons, Robert A. Stuart. Eiiimett D. Smith. James Shank, Lemuel F.
Straley, Sam. I. Stralev. Harm<3n S. Taylor. Sauford H. Tavlor, Geo. A. Tappan,
Charles D. Thompson, Thos. 3L Thurston, John M. Telford. Wm. H. Tucker. Elisha
Terwillicer, Timothy Rooney. Giles Van Akin, Aufinstus Van Dike. Wm. Van Ant-
werp, W m. H. B. Wheeler, James R. Whitmore, Geo. W. Winchester, James M.
Wolf.. Fred. G. Wetherbv, Martin C. Wade, John WilUs, Lewis F. WUbur, Charles
W. Wheaton, Charles WUliauis.

BATTERY " G," 30 ARTILLERY.

[Mustered out July 7, 1865.]

Captains — Wm. A. Kelsey, Sept. 2:5, IWU; mustered out July 7, 1865. D. L. Aber-
deen, March 8. 18«>4; discharged Deo. 22. lM(i4.

I'ii-Ht [.iriitcHinitx — Oirilvie E. Ball, Sept. 21, 1K(U; mustered out Julv l.i, 1^65, Wm.
B. Patterson, March 8, 1>m4; discharged Dec. 31, 1804. J. N. Wilcoxen, April 14,
1864; discharged Feb. 3. ISfl.j.

Sevond Lienti'tKnitH — Charles A. Moore. Oct. 2,1864; mustered out Julv 7, 1865.
Rowland D. Wade, Nov. 21, 1H()4; mustered out July 7, 1S65. Chas. W. Festher,
3Iarch H, 1N>4; discharged Oct. 14, \>^-A. Bynni II. Kinnie. March 10. 1NJ4; discharged
July 8, IStU. Geo. A. Oopway, Dt'<'. 1, lS<i»; discharged Dec. .31, IStU.

StraeitnU — James M. Staples. Geo. W. Dakin. Robert Bell. Walter H. Rodgers.
Samuel A. Edgar, Ferdinand Becker, Walter S. Barker, Francis Nelty, Joseph E.
Colter, Geo. W. Dakin.

t or/ior(i/.t — Henry H. Hitchcock. Franklin A. !\Iilton, Patrick Gibbons, Christopher
Chrysler, John Marbis. Frederic Smith, Josfph Giuter, Isaac Harvey, James
Cassady, James E. Stelibings. Jam>>s Fox, Frederic Batters.

UmiUrn — Augustus Dow, Frank Yale.

Bl'h h-xiiiitli-H — Ira Wing; Erastus Harris, died at Raleigh, N. C, June 4, 1665, of
fever.

^iildUr — Nicholas Hannie.

^y||||(>ller — Fred. Pratt.

J'^iirritr — Clement Dixon.

/•/•/., f/r*— Darius Applfbv. Delos Abbott, Silas A. Adams. Charles H. Ashley,
Henry J. Anthony. George \V. lUirt. (ieorgi> Bassiis, Wm. H. Buck. 'i'had(h'\is Bar-
rick. Framis Hliinciin. George E. Bush, Ciirlstojiher Brain. Richard Backer. Philip
E. Budd, John Burkcr, John Brown, James M. Budd, Joseph Bassus, Charles A.

I -I

MUSTER ROLL.

307

Bormann, Charles A. Rartlett, John Bivens, Patrick Byrnes, Thomas Butler, Irw n
Birch, Goor^'•■ W. Bi>lti>n. John Boder, Lorenzo Barker. Willet H. Britton. Fran, is
Boyle; Victor Bicker, died at Beaufort. N. C, April 19, 18l>.5, of fever; Fred. Ct-
rall, Adam Curnell, Levi Courtwripht, Jos. E. Cross, John B. Cortwright, Jen.t.ric
W. Case, Benj. D. Cnrev. Joseph Cosgrove, Wm. Coe, Marcus Coushnet. A. S. C:.i.t.
Mickle Daily, Lorenzo baniels, Oscar Dean, James DeWitt, Michael Dugan, Chailis
Deshain. Edward Doultr.u. Robert Edf;ar. Frank Eagle. 3Iartin Frick, Angus' us
Featherlv, Jacob W. Featherly, Thomas F. Flemniinir, James Fay. John Frant/.
GeorKe f^rieud, Chaiincey Franklin, Alanson Fink, Reuben Fink. John GreelM-n.
Dennis GaftuHy. Abraham' Gilcher, Charles C. Gillman. Edsar O. Gilbert. Georf^e \V.
Oalphin, p;Tiimett Gordon: Wm. H. Gibbs, died at Beauf(.>rt, X. C, April 15. lSi."i. ,,f
disease; Muthew Gillman. Andrew Henn. John Hamilton. Daniel harroun. Bfuj. F.
Howard, Wm. Harroun. Henry Helm. Samuel Hall, Patrick Hart. Edwin F. liuu-
gt>rford. Jas. G. Harris, Stephen P. Hewitt, James R. Hall, Wm. J. Holmes; Jubn
Henn, Albirt E. Jacfibs, Samuel A. Jackson, Darwin C. Johnson. John Kirkenbaur.
Jacob Kurtz, Allen Kilburn, Michael Kennedy, John Keeler, Gabriel Kurtz, Fre:!.
Eertz, Warren Lower, John Loose, Orin Larkins, Joel Lawrence; Barney Lynch
died at N'ewbern, Oct. 27. 18&4. of yellow fever; Anson Miller. Eli S. McAllister. Ja.s!
Monaban. Otto Meyers, Patrick MulhoUand, Charles Mudfoid. Freeman Millard,
George McAllister," Lockland McPhail, ilalcomb McDi>nald. John H. 3[essinL:vr!
Alfred H. Mead. Thomas Mack. Aaron Marcellus, Timothy Mahoney; Andi-ew Mi -
Cracken, died at Raleitjh, Jan. 2tj, 18o5. of disease; George Murphy, Patrick McClouch,
Thomas McHenry, John McLane, Leon Marshall, Daniel McAU. Aufjustus Nen.r
Jules N'elty. Francis Nye. James O'Harra, James O'Rourke, Wm. Pui,'h. Elijah
Piatt, George Pearl, T." Perkins. John W. Phelps. Andrew Perkins. Richard A.
Philips, Charles Piper, Clark D. Perkins; Michael Powers, died at Xewbem. Nov.
5, IHW, of disease; Chas. Rowe, Thomas Rofe, Stephen Reynolds, John Rvan, John
Richard, Wm. Ramage, Lafayette Robinson, Wm. H. Rector, George Sv. RclmI.
Wm. H. Reymore. John Staub, Geor;;e H. Sherman, L'rban B. Smith. Morris Snicn-
ter, Peter Schwerin, John Springier. Charles Sheriff, Alon'zo Sanders. Charles D.
- Smith. Wm. Sherman, David L. Shopley. Jacob Setterly, Peter Saulsbury, Charts
P. Stevenson. Uriah H. Seymour, Jacob Stickle, Michael Scollins; Henry Swan.
died at Newbem, Xi5v. 5.- lt<tU. of yellow fever; Leonard A. Stockrwell. Jas. Tetir.
Dewltt C.Tnuiible. Ge<irge W. Trumble, Howard H. Tompkin.s. (jeorge M. Turnier.
George Trumble, Edward Towner, Alfred A. Thomas, James Thompson, Thoma.s
Van Duser, Henry Vandeburg, Wm. Van Ryan, George H. Ward. Chas. H. Whcf-l-r.
Aaron Ward, Edward Winnie, Andrew Warner, Charles H. Whitcomb; Thoi_ias
Wallace, died at Newbera, Oct. 25, 1864, of .yellow fever.

COMPANY " H," 19TH INFANTRY.

[Consolidated Sept. 28, 1861.]

Captain — Solomon Giles. April 2.i. ISfil; promoted.

FlrH /.iV'f/t/ia/d'— Augustus Field. May 22, 1S»51; resigned Oct. 4. ISfil.

fitcon4l Lieiittuitnt — ilarvin D. Nichols. 31ay 22. IStil; resigned Sept. 1. 1861.

.<fri/^(7(f.t,— Charles il. Whiteside, Wm. R. Hedges, Willis Watson, Montraville ?>I.
Heilgfs.

'■•rj.ontU — Andrew J. Hine, Albert Greenfield, Geo. H. Brown, Edward E.
Coffln>c<-r.

J'r,u,u,ur~\\m. G. Faatz.

>■(/•■''— Masiin Andrews.

Prir.i', H—Wxi^, E. Acker. Wm. C. Atkinson, Jesse Babcock, John C. Bingham.
Philip H. Hriuv'^. Henry F. Brown. Aaron F. Brooks. Geo. H. Brown. Wm. H. Hov..',
Jam. •« Burns. .Jacob Burt. HuUiert Cady, Wm. N. Christian, James Collier, Joi:ii
Co^-HU, Jam. s loyle, Harvey C.)ppernoll, Piatt Cro.ss, ISenj. R. Dairgett. James \N'.
Duvls. John En.-K-hart, Peter K. Eldred. Thomas C. Eldred. Ichabod N. French:
John L. Forii. di.d at Newbern. ARril Iti. ]St;2. of fever; Elia.s Griggs. John Grov. s
Peter HacWett, D.'unis Harlem. Cornelius Huliphcr, G.'o. M. Jacobs, Charles K.
Ja4.'ob8, (reo, B. Kenvon. P.'ter Luberteaux, John Long, Patrick Lvnch. Wm. Lei'.h.
Wm. .M.-Nftt. A'.oiizo W. Mills, Manl.-v M. Mill.s. Wm. L. Myers. 'David H. Norton.
Jov.pli \V. l',.ai~ .11. Wm. H. l'<ill..k. E.-(iuire C, Pollok. Wm. G. Peter.-^. James Ha I
ford, Wm. H. Ka.irord. Jabez Rhodes. James E. Rude. Geo. Russell. Jaiii.-^* -M.
Saunders, Asaph W. ShurtletT, Harlow Sherwood, Lewis N. Streeter, Mart.u
Thorp, JttiUfS Todd, Isaac Van Alstine, Henry Van Buren, Daniel D. Wut.-i' n.

308 3D NEW'-VORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

John W. Welch, Edwin L. Westfall, Boardman Whiteman, John C. WilliamH,
« Jamea Yarton.

BATTERY "H," 30 ARTILLERY.

[Mustered out June 24, 1863.]

Ca/vifltnj*— Wm. J. Riggs, Nov. 16. 1861 ; promoted Sept. 33, 1864. Enoch Jones,
Dec. 26, l!^64; mustered out with battery.

Firnt Lteuten<ints — H^^ratio N. Thomp.son, Nov, 4. 1S64; mustered out June 24, 1865.
Wm. Quinn, Feb. 17, iNio; mustered out June -H, 1865. John D. Clark. Dec ^, 1861;
promoted Sept. 30, 186-3. Wm. E. Mereer, Jan. 9. 186i; promoted Sept. 14, 1863.
John W. Heea. Dec. 3<). 186'^; appointed Captain in 16th Artillery, March 3. 1864.
Paul Fay, March 3(). is»>4: mustered out Dec. 4, lii64. Paul Birchmeyer, Oct. 17,
1862; mustered out Jan. 20, ISiJS.

Sn;ond LUutenant'* — Albert C. Devendorf, Oct. 2, 1864 ; mustered out June 24,
1865. Geo. Vandewater, Feb. 13, 18*io: mustered out June 24. Charles D. Tryon,
Oct. 2, 1861. Wm. F. Fields, Jan. 9, 18t'.2; resigned Dec. 3, 186.3. Charles F. King,
Dec. 3, 186;3; promoted Sept. 24. 1.8W. J. N. Bouta, Nov. 1, 18tU: promoted Feb. 24,
1865. Edward Delester, Oct. 14, ls64; mustered out June )i^i. 1865. John O'Neil,
March 8, ls62; died Aug. 10, 1864, at the U. S. general hospital. Va.

Ser^inntA — Alfred Curtis. Geo. X. Alden, Sylvester C. Baldwin, Joserih J. Bowley,
Philip Baker, Thomas L. Rowland, David J." Evans, John Morley, Wilson Smith,
Charles F. King. Lewis W. Coe. John J. Castle, 31. S. Pratt, Josh\ia E. Davis, David
B. Rice, Ambrose IL Weed, Maynard J. King, James Van Vleck; Joseph Stewart,
died at Portsmouth, Va., June ii, 1S64.

CorponiU — Alfred O. Smith. Walter L. Johnson, John N. Powers, Theo. Throop,
Wait M. Mevers. James Brown, Albert M. Rowley. Marvin D. Bravin, John W.
Petley, Henry Fox. M. Green. Gilbert H. Perkins, Alfred J. Earnea, Orville M. Pot-
ter, John M. Parkhurst, Parker Tymerson.
Bugliri> — Charles Keohl, Chas. H. Smith, Charles F. Osbom, Walter CovelL
Artijicira — Sandford Slaver. Wm. P. Turner.
Fari-ierg — James F. Dickenson. Elliott Metcalf.

Prirute* — Benj. F. Adams. Jas. W. Ashhurne. Henry W. Allen, Theophilus Bush-
neU, Edward Bryant. Michael Burns. Joseph Bruder. Aaron J. Brewster. Gotleib
Burke, Chas. L. Baruhart. Jas. H. Baldwin. M. L. Bacon. Alex. F. Beebe, Stephen
Berry. James Byrne. Elijah W. Bush, David L. Bush. Jay Bates. Silas W. Brown,
Wm. Baker, Simon Butler, Jay Bates, Sherwood S. Ball; Henry X. Blair, died at
Newbem, Julv 9. 18(53, of disease; Joshua E. Bryan, died at Newbem Nov. 13, 1S«>4;
John H. Bird' died at Base Hospital, Va., Aiig. 22. 18»>4; Robert C. Cole, Orange
Conley, David Coapman, Marshall E. Cook, Samuel Crigler, Geo. Cripler. Charles
Conklln. Wm. A. Clark. John N. Cadieux, Chas. J. CraudaU, Franklin F. Close,
James Crawford. Wallace Covell. Jamea E. Chadderton; Isaac N. Cleveland, died
at Portsmouth. V^a.. April i2. IN'4; Wm. Craver. died. July 27, 1864, of wounds re-
ceived in actiijn before Petersburg; Henry Craver, died at Newbem June 2'), 1862;
Wm. E. Cornish, died at Newbem April 29. 18<i2; John V. Cole, died at Richmond,
Va., April 16, l8<)o, of wounds received at hands of persons unknown; Wm. A.
Clark, Robert N. Davenport. Robert J. Dobson, 3Iorri3 Dee, James M. Dunbar,
Tho8. B. Demster, Irmin W. Deitz, Pat. Duffy, Joseph Dolphy, Eugene Davenport,
John Evans, John R. Edwards, Jacob Erion, John H Evans, Orrin Ennis, M. M.
Elliott, Minor R. Elliott, Abraham Ecker, Johuathan Foster, Elon Fenton, Charles
Farrier, Briggs Flint, John Finn, Henry F. Funk; Win. Flynn, died at Newbem
Aug. 2i\ ISii-i; John L. Ford, died at Newbern, April 16, ist)2, of fever; Ephraim
Goixlnian. Grauk Gardner. Martin Gasser, Wesley (irems, Clinton W. Grems. Jamea
Graham, Justice Griswold, John W. Hubert. "Daniel Heath, Henry P. Hagan,
Henry Howe. Wm. Horsley. EUsha R. Holmes, Wm. F. Hannagan. Philip Hoev,
Henry L. Hull Charles Ike, Beni. Kniffen, Stephen Kauffy, Edward D. Kintrswortb,
Philip Kell'T. James Kelley, Thomas Kennedy, Wm. Kuupp, Otto Kau^nialL, J.
Lewis, Alonzo Lampin, Wm. Liliis, Burt D. Li>omis. Wilbur Leete, Lewis LaBumty,
Henry V. Leach. Albert Lewis; Anthony Legcer. killed atthe battle of Washintrton,
N. C, Sept. 6, I8<i2; Harrison Lesbit, died in the service; John McLain, Albert
Myers, Nicholas Murphv, Timothy Murphy, Henry N. Miller, Wm. Jliller. Geo. K.
Mason, lieo. 31 ultrm, John McCrnhan, I'at. McDermott. James Jlee, David 11.
Miller, Jas. W. Jloore, Thcnia-s JlcCling, Geo. Mitchell Wm. McGee, John 3[alone,
Wm. J. Mosiuer, Chas. F. Merchant, Albert ilott, Wm. M. Mayhew, Calvin Miller,

MUSTER ROLL. 309

Sn&9 W. Mason, John McCrahan. Lester Martin, Henry H. Neas, Geo. E. NVnn,
Lewis Xpwmaa, Henry D. Niles, Henry E. Xew, Henry G. New. Albert Xarinny^
Wm. OShaufrhnesay. Alex. Oakley. E. Olcott, Jas. W. Putnam, Cas'^ius M. I'mitl
Thomas W, Piper, Fred. PUinp, "Calvin Philips. Robert Proutj. Mt-rrit Pt-rkin.s.
Era.st»is Pier. Edward M. Parmelee; Jas. W. Phillips, died at Newport >s'ews. D.r.
Ifi, IWl, of disease: Wellinfrton Perljins. died at Fort Corcoran, March 1. iN.i. <,t
effects from the explosion of a shell; Chauncey C. Rowe, Leonard Rayats, Frank
Rose; Goo. Rose, died in New York city. Feb. 10, 18tj3, of disease; Wm. B. Siuith,
Harvey W. Snyder, Geo. K. Smith, Jerome J. Sperry, Wm. Sutherland, Ans^n
Smith. James Smith. Jacob Spoor, John Sullivan, Geo. Shaver, Joseph Shanbarki.-r.
Leroy Smith. Chauncey G Suits, Royal Snyder, Bernard Staadeumyer. Jus-ph
Sauford. Wm. Shaver, Samuel Sherburne, Richard R. TruesdeU. Geo." W. Trvun.
Thos. Thompson, Jas. B. Toby. James Tapper. Jno. H. Thomas. Burnett Tracy.
Geo. Vanderworker, Thos. VanVleek, Simon v'an Broeklin, Jesse Vanderpool; Isaac
Van Marter. died in the service: Albert P. Watkins, Jas. L. Walters. Joel L. Wri;;ht.
Francis White, Chas. Wairner, Chandler "Waterman, Thomas Wilkinsim. Edward
H. Wentworth, DeC. G. Woodruff. Fred. Wallis, Calvin Wood. Henry Wilkins, Jno.
J. Woolf, Samuel Whitefleld, Wade Whitetleld, Wesley B. Waterman, Eraatus K.
WiiaoQ, Levi H. Wright, John Zee; Oscar Zears, died in the service.

. COMPANY " I," 19TH INFANTRY.

[Original t^o years' men mustered out June 2, 1863; the rest formed a nucleus of a

new company.]

Cnpt<iin— John H. Ammon, April 25. 18til; resigned Dec. 16, 1863.

First Liftitennnt — Geo. W. Thomas, May 22, 18til: transferred to 3d Artillery.

Sfamd Lieiiteniint— Randolph B. Kimberly. May 22, ISOl; resigned Jan. "4, 1><<>*.
Wm. A. Kelsey, Jan. 4, lSi;2; transferred to 3d Artillery. James S. Fuller, April 10.
1862; transferred to 3d Artillery.

..s^rf/r-^/iAi— Horace Silshy, Thomas J. Sormore, Chas. G. Allen, Wm. R. Hedges,
John WilUams, A. Wesley 3Iills. Frank B. HalL

rnr;/t>n//*— Andrew Leiteh. Edward Jenkins, Martin J. Webster, Edward E.
Cofflnjier, Riilph Somers. Wilbur F. Woodward, Geo. Brill.

Dntmiiifr — Alonzo Sanders.

Fiffr — Ira P. Nichols.

I'ririitr" — Wm. E. Acker, Volney Austin, Jesse E. Babcock, Edward Bahc<i<-k,
John P. Barber, Ledra Belden, Jesse Babcock, Philip B. Bri^rps. Samuel Barr.
Jphn M. Beaver, Frank Beardsley, Henry F. Brown, Aaron F. Brooks, Lor.n::o
Deary, David D. Beeker. Wm. H. Boyle. James Burns, Alexander Heebe, Elijah
Bowen Geo. Brill, Cornelius B. Brusie. Simeon Brown, John E. Biif)cook. Heiuv C.
Burdick, Stewart Brotherton, David H. Becker, Geo. H. Coats. James Culii'T.
Ilulbert Cady, Alvah Cooper. Joseph Cortln<;er. Wm. N. Christian. Fninci^J H.
Coffln^er. James Coyle. Harvey CoppemoU, Irving W. Combs, Paul H. Crim, .lolui
P. Carhart, Geo. H. Crocker, Patiick Conklin. Joseph Duseuburj-; Wm. R. Daii,
killed in action before Furt Macon. April 25. li*l\2: Benj. R. DaizRett. Isaac O.ir.iu.
Clinton Daniels, F. Backus Davis, Wallace Everson. Peter E. Eldred. John Em:!. -
hart. Walter W. Fowler, Ichabod N. French, Geo. Forshee. Andrew Fitz;j<'iali|.
Addison Fer?tison. James Gibson. AU)ert Greenfield, Geo. Glazier, Henn-
Gohnian, Michael Grant, Hezekiah Hill. Charles Howland, Montraville M. Hedi,-. .<.
Andrew J. Hine. Geo. Humphrevs. John Howell. Albert Hamlin. Wm. B. II. .vt.
IsHAc H. Harrinfrton, Aaron F. ftoyt, Jr., .\din W. Hoyt, Abner B. Hojt. u.mi.'K.
Harrin;;ton, Eewis R. Inily. Geo. M.Jacobs, Steven Jenrier, Joseph Jenner. Kiiwui
P. Johnson, Wilbur F. Jewell. Geo. B. Kenyon. Thomas J. Lyddon; Patrick Lvti, 1;,
mlssint; In action at Whitehall, N. C Dec, 1S62; Thomas J. Luriman. J..'hii <
Lant;lmm. James R. Lnntjham. Andrew Leitch. Cornelius Lowe. James H. L. -:.'.
Geo. W. Leonard. 2d. Tlieo. Loomis. John Jacob Maier. Wm. Mack. Wm. MiN.m.
Isaac .Mi-.Ma.xler, John McMaster. Edward McArthur, Manley .M. Mills, lii. ..'i
Miles. Jimeon T. Jliutr. Horton G. Miller, Wm. L. 3Iyers, Samuel B. Mvers, !!■ i:j.
F.Nichols. David H.Norton. Josh\ia Osterhout, Geo. Pearce, Jos W. 1". .u ■■•'..
James Prosser. Oliver Parmim.-ton ; Emerson Pierre, died at Hairerstown. h. I< i;.
lSJi•^, Tninian Perry. Rodi;er i^uinn; Charles Rosenbur;:, died at'Ue.uifort. :•! >^ ••'
lHii2; Milton Race, (i.'o. Russ.ll. Jacob A. Reed. Joseph Revnold.s. Wm. H. IMhi:.--
hart. James E. Rude. Jabez Rhodes. James Radford. Wm. H. Radlord. Ai. ri.-t
Uyan, John Sanders, Fred. W. Stupp, Peter Schymdt, Edwin Slayton, llirani rie'il.

3IO 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Charles Stevens. Jas. M. Sanders. Asaph W. ShurtlefC. James O. SulHvan. Fred.
Simpkin, Geo. Smith. Lewis Tolman. Richard Ter^illijjer: SamuelJ. Toitias. taken

pri#'iner at Martinsburs. Va.. died at Richmond. Va. ; Wm. Turtle. -James

Trdd. S.im. G. Thoma.s. Kenj. Ti'Otarla. Daniel Turner. H. N'. Thompson. Abraham
Van Auken. Isaac Van Alstine. James West. John M. West. Hujrh L. Wier. Samuel
"Wiseman, Wm. H. White. Chas. M. \Vhite3ide, John W. Welch, Edwin L. Westfall,
Boardman Whiteman, James Yarton.

BATTERY " I," 3D ARTILLERY.

[Mustered out July 8, 1865.]

CapffiinJ>— John H. Ammon. April 25. 1S61 ; resigned Dec. Ifi, 1863, to become Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of 16th N'ew York Artillery. John D. Clark. Sept. :». IStW: mustered
out Feb. 16, 1S65. Wm. M. Kirbv. Feb. IT. ISfi."); m\xstered out July 8, lSti.5.

Fir^-f LUnfenantH — Geor<?e E. ihorwood. Mav 31, l.StU: mustered out Feb. 20, 1865.
David W. Stewart, Jan. 13. 18<35: mustered out July 8, ISi;."). George W. Leonard. 2d,
March 8, 1864: promoted to Adjutant. May 6. George W. Thomas, April 2.'5. 1861;
mustered out 5lay ."iO. 18f4. Wm. Richardson, Aug. 24. 1864; mustered out July 3,
1(^. Wm. A. Kelsev. July 18. 1SH2: promoted Sept. 2:^ 1864. Jas. S. Fuller, trans-
ferred. Lewis H. M'owers. transferred. Duncan D. Hillis, March 8, 1864; died in
Xewbem. Sept. 24, 1864. of yellow fever.

Se^cnd LUufi^muit.i—Edca.'r W. Seymour. Jan. 13, 1865; promoted July 2, 1S65. Wm.
H. Crtwdrich. March 14. l.^H.".; mustered out July 8, 1W;.5. James M. Staples. June 19,
!>■>;: promoted Jan. 20. isri.-). Edgar H. Titus, Feb. 4, 18ti2: promoted July 17, 186^3.
Paul Fav, Jan 1, 186-3; appointed Quartermaster, Dec. 31, 18t>.3.

N-/-pr.fn^*— Abner B. Hoyt, Kdwin E. Coffinger. John E. Rabcock, Patrick Cole-
man, Henry W. Sandford,' Joshua B. Coffin. Wm. O. Congdon, George A.Avery;
Wm. H. King, died at Newbern, June 15. lSt)3: Charles E. Sherwood, died at Xew-
bem. Oct- 6. ist»l. of yellow fever: Charles (J. Allen. George H. Crocker, Horatio N.
Thompson, Peter Colburn, Chas. A. Moore. Martin J. AVebster.

« v^ry/crt;/*— Abram Van Auken. Gilbert M. Arnold, Hiram Snell, Wm. Howland.
Nathaniel Tuthill, Wm. X. Tuthill. Irving W. Coombs. Darwin Brockett. Isaac M.
Glllett, Samuel L. Mvers; James F. Wilson, died at Weedsport, X. Y.. of disease;
Thomas McLoughlin,' died at Newbern, Oct. 10. 18f)4. of yellow fever; Patrick Ma-
loney. Daniel D." Watson, George Hall, George H. Smith.

BhdUrtt — Samuel G. Thomas^ John K. Fox.

Artlriarg — Luman Piuckney. Wm. Widner.

Pri'ratt'i — Levi Adsit. Jacob Arbor. George Applegate, George Aldridge: Charles
-Allen, died at Newbern, April 10. 1S65: Wm. Ashton, Aaron L. Armitage. H. L. ,\r-
mitage. Ji'hn Ahern, Charles E. Hraiiiard. David H. Bruce. Jos. P. Bnbcock. Jesse
Babtock. Stewart Brotherton, W'm. Bncklev. Ebenezer Briggs. Henry C. Burdick,
Albert J. Bennett. David H. Becker. Oscar "P. Bishop. Henry M. Bishop. James C.
Brennan. Horace Ball, John R. Brownell, Jas. Bninney; Peter Boyle, died at New-
bern. Nov. :3. 1S64. of yellow fever; John Bennett, ilie'd of wounds received in ac-
tion at Wise's Forks.' N. C, March N, Ibtio; Elias J. Bii.l>cock: George Beebee. died
at Raleigh. Mav ;30. 1K().5: Frank Barney. Albert Butler. John S. Bailey, John P- Car-
hart. Paul H. Crim, Sylvester Clark, "Wm. Curtis. Adnm Cope. Wfn. N. Caswell,
Jeremiah Christian. George W. Cowls. Henry Craver. Garret F. Carson; Francis H.
C'lfllnger, died at Newbern, July 26. ist^i; James S. Cannon, died at Newbern. June
20. l'"''^!, of disease; John Cliggi'tt, Pat. Conklin. Pat. Cnleman. James Casler. Jas.
C. Conklin. .A.Viram B. Cherry, l.-^iuic Darntt. Clinton Daniels, Backus F. Davis. John
Doyle. Thomas Deverall. Albert S. Dennison. "Win. E. Dunn. Jr.. John C. Deforest,
Nei-^m B. Darrin: Wm. Dart, killed in action at Fort Macon. April 25. li'^t>2: Henry
E. Dunian. John Englehart. Rosell Elwell. Dayton Edwards. Ed. Ea.stham. John J.
Ellis, .\dilison Fergu.son. Charles E. Fuller. Henry Farquharson. John Foy. John
Finn, .-Andrew Fitztrerald. Jav E. Farrer. Wm. Fields: Spencer Flamsburg. died at
Newbern. Nov. 15. l-^t^. of tyjihoid fevi'r; Edward E. Fentlierly. John H. Freeman,
Peter F"X. Edward Francfimb, John H. Graham. Richard GeVaghty. Warren Gal-
lant. Asher (Gallant: Charles L. (iurnsey. died at Newljern. Sept. 27, 1S<>4. of con-
s'lmptie-n: Wm. ri..dshalL died at Newbern. Oct. 4. l.'<*'>4. of yellow fever: Jeremiah
Gainey. Samuel Gilbert. John H. Graham. Jeremiah Ganey. Andrew (Jet re. John
^;e^-r«». Charl.s (ioodenow. Juhn It. Gordon. Michael fiorman. George (iral.am. Jas.
Haley, Wm. B. Hoyt, Aaron F. Hoyt, Adm W. Hoyt, Judsou N, Hoyt, James Hart,

MUSTER ROLL. 3II

Mrwn F. Harrington, Clifton J. Havens, Addison J. Hawks, John Hart: Pctpr Hol-
Uilay. died at Newlit-rn. J<ily 2. It^lS: Wm. Holmes. Aiisustus Henkel, Kichard Hoim-
land, Isaac Harrington, Kuyal S. Hubbard. Geortce HiirrinKton.Wm. Huliu.s, K.iht.
Harris. Cliarlt'S Harris, Albert Hamlin. Orrin Irish, Wilbur Jt^well. Isaar- Jac.ilis..u,
Ffttrii'k Karus, .loliu M. Kinpslev, Anthony Keltenborne. Richard Kolsuh, .Lisrpli
Kej-naa, lialiriel Kurtz. .Jahn C. Lanpham. Jas. B. Langham. Jas. H. Lfi;;;. Al(;iizo
Latlirop. Hi-nry H. Lewis. Theo. Loomis. Peter Lanf;dou. John F. Lowe: Levi Lyon,
drowned in Trent river. Dee. 1'). l^i^U. insane: Curtis C. ^Morgan. John Morris, Wui-ien
Morris. John Murpny. Legrand Moore. Jas. Jloreland. Henry P. IMallory. H. \V. .Mur-
ray, (teo. McOlauijiUin, Isaac A. Minard. Jas. J. Minard. David Mason, Henry C. Muu-
roe, Ilenrv J. Mauu. Daniel McGower, Walter C. Mead, Owen Murtaui,'h:Thos. Mead,
died at N'ewbern, Oct. 29, 1H64. of yellow fever: W'm. McNett, Michael Murpuv,
Thomas McLaughlin, Charles Merrit. David McDonald. Albert W. Moulton, M;-
cha«d Muri>''y- Charles M. Newman. Richard "W. Nutt. Albert B. Norton. Wm, F.
Northroi). Tliomaa Nolan. Owen 0"Brian. Wm. H. Pollock, Charles Paley. Robert
Poole. Warren A. Pierce. Georire W. Perkins: Triiman Perry, died in the service,
Jun.< -'l, ^^*>'y^\ Wm. H. Pollock, Francis E. Piatt. Merritt S. Perkins. John C. Rotl,
Wm. U. Radford. Jos. P. Ransier. Pat. Ryan, David D. Robinson. Fred. W. Simp-
kins, Wm. L. Stalker, Henry C. Smith, Jas. H. Smith. Seymour J. Smith. Elzaphan
SUter, Warren Stearns. Wm. Scheider. George H. Sherwood, George B. Slierwooi',
Samuel A. Stephens, John Sullivan, George W. Strout, Ebenezer Skinner, Chas. B.
Swartflgure; Augustus St. Armand. died at Newbem. Jan. 3. 18ij.); Wni. Steph'-nson,
died at Newbern. Oct. 27. 18t>l, of fever; James M. Sanders. Burt Silsby. Warren
Stearns. Jas. H. Smith, Abram Smallwood, Henry Smith, Wra. Sweetlaii.l. Josepb
Tobln. Lafayette Taber, Wm. H. Topping, Giles W. Taylor, John Tremper, Benj.
Tootalv, Wm. Tidd, Giles W. Taylor. Joseph Tobin. John Taylor, Nathaniel Tump-
klns. Tune Upham, Isaac Vedder, Thomas Vanderlip. Jesse Venn; Beuj. Webster,
George W. Warrington, Andrew L. Winters. Elisha Winters, Wm. Workman. Geo.
H. West, Edward S. We.stfill, H. J. Westfall. Arthur Wright. Charles Walters. Al-
bert Williams, Wm. H. Williams; Lewis H. Webb, died at Newbern. Oct. Si. IrstK. of
yellow fever; John Williams, Stephen O. Whitmore, Wm. Widner, Charles E. Wal -
druu, Clarence A. West.

COMPAIs V " K," . 19TH INFANTRY.

[Consolidated Sept. 38, 1861.1

Cit pt.i In— 3 nmes R. Angell. April 2.5. ISfil.

Firit I.ifuterui nt— AWiert H. Carr. May 22. 1861: resigned Oct. 31.

."v,./.H./ /.iVK/^/i.//!?— Lester W. Forsting. Mav 22. IStil; resigned Oct. 31.

.*vry^</H?,,— Charles D. Thompson, Alex. Chambers, Wm. H. Chase, Jr., Wra. W.
Bush.

( '>»r/)rtrf//*— Charles B. Bush, Walter C. Henry, Asa A. Hoff, James H. Bennett.

Pninnii^r — John H. Robinson.

Fifer — Geo, Brown.

/V/n;/.'-— Volney .\ustin. Ledra Belden, John Branagan. Milo Burns. David Bur-
row.s, Allen C. Bennett. Everend H. Casterlin. Charles Culver. Geo. Chrissnian.
I>»wis Deline, Duane Draper, James G. Edwards, Chas. H. Forshay, Madi.<ou
Gower, Delphi H. Georgia, (reo. Hajrward, Thomas Heatheringtou: Jihn Hicks,
died at Georgetown, April 3. 1882; Edward Hope. Edward Hervey. Wm. Irving
Alpheus W. Jaciuett. Wm. H. Kinney, Thomas Knapp. Jr., Thomas Knowland,
Byron W. Mabie. Vincent Odell. Wm. W. Pense, Demick Pease. Martin Richard-
t>..n, Joseph Reynolds. Edwin P. Robert.s. Andrew Reddings. Thomas Shiihan. Jer-
ome V. Shank. Geo. Simmons. Geo. B. Simpson. Sandford H. Taylor. (ie.>. A. Tap-
p<'n. Tliomas M. Tluirston. Wm. J. Treadwell, Oscar S. Tripp, Justin Trim. Martin
G. Wade, John Willis, Isaac C. Wright.

COMPANY " K," 19TH INFANTRY.

[Mustered in Dec. 16, 1861; original recruits mustered out June 2, 186:3; rest formed
nucleus of new company.]

r</;)^ri«— James R. Angell, Dec. 16, 1861.

312 3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

, Firnt Lieuten^ntn—yfm. Richardson, Dec. 16, 1861; mustered out July 3, 1863; T. J.
Mercereau, April 10, 18»>2.

Secoiul Li-»n-fe)i<ivt—'Wm. M. Kirbv. 3Iarch 10, 1862.

Serffeitntx—Bem. J. Yard. Alex.C. Chambers. Wm. H. Chase, Jr., Nathan Gor-
bam, Warren C. Gardner, Philip A. Faatz. Wm. W. Suits.

CorporoJii — Norman A. Loekwood. Samuel R. Jones, Hiram Mathews, Alma
Stevens, Morris Gofl, Albfrt Greenfield. Demmick Pease, Albert Thompson.

Drummer/)— Vfm. O. Faatz, Wm. H. Sani-hez.

Priratft — John D. Adams. Webster Belden, Lorenzo Barnard, Theo. Bowers,
John B. Barnard. Lewis Ball. Henry Brook, died at Newbern. June 5, ]8*l-2: David
Burrows, Benj. Bowen. James W. Bouta. Harrison Blascier. John A. Becker. John
H. Bohman, Isaacc Bolster, Autnistus A. Berry, Piatt Cross. Juhuathan Curtis. Wm.
C. Culver. Geo. W. Crossman, Wm. Crawford. Geo. R. Cook. James Clark. Joseph
Clark, Lafayette Carr. Thomas Clark. Wm. H. Courtney. Henr\' J. Coul. Jolm J. C.
Davis, Samuel Davis, Nathan Dumas. John Douglass. Peter W. Deidrich. Richard
Dean. Hezekiah Etts, John Elphick. Wm. H. Etts, Joseph T. Estes. 3Iich;iel Fra-
ney. Hurley Farmer. James Farrell. Francis Flood. Henry T. Ginner. Charles
Greenfield. Warren C. Gardner, Daniel Gower. Madison Gower. E. Sevmour Gris-
wold. Friedland Gardner, Benj. G. Gibbs: Peter Haekett, killed at Whitehall, Dec.
17, 1862; John Hicks. Meynen Herman. Michael Howard, Robert Hoff. Charles W.
Havens, Charles Hitt. Lafayette Huff. Jerome Johnson, John L. Jones. Timothy
Keefe. Michael Kpenan, Thomas Knapp. Thomas Knapp. Jr.. Joseph Kaltenbome,
Wm. P. Kies. Stephen Lockwood. Gen. E. Lockwood. Perry Lamphere, Albert Lara-

J here. P'ter Laberteaux, John E. Leopard, James E. Lock, Carlton B. ^Mathews,
ohn Mack. Adam Menzie, Morgan McCarthy. Thomas McLaughlin. Samuel I^Iorrill,
Archibald Morrill. Lewis JlcCarthy. Wm. D. McCormick. John C. Miller, Henry
Morgan, Oliver Murphy. John NiiLTcnt, Alex. Oakley, Henry O'Neill. Hiram F.
Page. John Palmer, J(jhn Pulfrev. Edwin M. Pearson. John Phinney, Dennis Rvan;
Wm. Rvan. killed at Whitehall. t)ec. 17. 1K62: Nelson Reynolds. Henry Rogers, ilar-
tin Richardson, Samuel Ra.storfer. Thomas Reddin, John Rosser, Nelson Stuvver-
son, Myers Stuvverson. Wm. H. Stuyvt-rson. Charles G. Satterlee, Geo. Swift. "Wal-
ter Stevenson, "N'elson Stevens. Nathan Sanders. Johnson Smith. Wra. H. Stewart,
Samuel Stone. Berlin Swan, Melville Smith, Jay E. Storke. John A. Scott. Wm. A.
Scott. Mo.*es B. Stevens, Peter C. Stewart. Geo. Stone, Wm. Shaston, Edwin M.
Stevens. Thomas Swift, Saul Thompson. Oscar Thompson, Edwin Thompson, E.
P. Terwilli£rer. David Terwilliger. Henry Tottenham, Wm. H. Tucker. Charles E.
Underwood, Isaac Valmore. Frnderick \'an Alstyne, Edward F. Wheaton, Mande-
ville Ward. James W. White. Benj. F. Wade, Edward L. Westfall. Daniel Wakely,
Eber F. West, Horace Wrench. Ueo. Wood, Walter Wells, James A. Weighant,
Geo. Weat, Isaac N. White, Alanson White, James F. Wilson, Wm. B. Yawger.

BATTERY " K," 30 ARTILLERY.

[Mustered out June 30, 1865.]

CaptiiinD — James R. AngeL Dec. 16, 1861; promoted to Brevet-Major March 13,
1865; mustered out June .'JK. 1805.

Firi-i LUiittiftnt'i—C. Dewitt Starrin. June 21'. 18f>l; brevetted Captain by the
President Man'h 13. lt<t'.o: mustered out June 3<). IStiS. Benj. G. Gibb. Jan. 13. 18t)5;
■ mustereel our June ^{0, 1865. Wm. Richardson, Aug. i4. 18*U; transferred. Martin
Lauiihlin, Nuv. 5. is»il; mustered out Aug 17. 18<"i.1. Thus. J. Merceri-au. April 10,
1862; promoted Jinie 22. INU. Wm. 31. Kirbv. July 3, I8f>3; promoted to Captain
Feb. 1.. 1V..1. James Fiiller. May 1. 18^.;J; resigned Oct. W. 18';4. John W. Hees,
Dec. :3il, I.'«.2: appointed Captain mth New York Artillery, March 3, 18IU.

Secoii.l l.iriftri,.ii,iH — Geo. B. .\ndrews. March 14. ISt^'); mustered out June 30. 18f>5.
Richard J. Allen. March 10. lNi2: appointed Captain It^t N. C. Union Vols. July 12,
1863. Geo. W. Leonard, promoted to .\djutant. Martin Shaffer. Jan. S.5. ]8ri2; re-
signed Nov. 13. lst;2. Milan B. Goodrich; transferred. Lorenzo Ercanbrack, Nov.
4, WM: re.-iigned May 11. INo.

^iern'-iiuti, — Alanson White, Charles E. Underwood, Wm. H. Chase, Jr.. Wm. P.
Kiss, Edwin M. Stevens. Wm. L. Van Antwerp. Edwin 31. Pearson. James W. Bonta,
Warren C. Gardner: James Cl'.ne. taken prisoner at Beech Grove. N. C, Feb. 2,
• 8t)4, and still niis,<ing at the muster out nf Battery.

Corpora It— Geo. K. Cook, Wm. A. Scott, Wm. H. Root, Jas. G. Edwards, Patrick

MUSTER ROLL. 313

Dillon Joel M. Sprafrue, Peter Laberteaux, Giles Van Atin, Charles Hitt, Hubert
LimphiT.'-. Lafayi-ttH Carr, died in the service; Geo. R. Cook; Sanford H. Taylor,
tiiken prisoner at lieech Grove, Feb. 2, 1864, and missing when Batttry mustered
out.

^„„;^r*— Frioland Gardner, Addison Gardner. ^ „• ,

ArllficriH-ViU-r W. Dedriuk, Jessie Groesbeck, Luman D. Prnkney.

n'lii/DitfT — '\Vm. D. Crawford.

PrirnU»—Aho\ Austin. C. J. Ames, John G. Ames. Michael Anderson, John D.
Adams Wm. \V. Du.'^h, Augustus S. Barry. Isaac Bolster. Perry Blanchard. James
Bj-nson Charle.s I). lirackett. Thomas Barry, James Beers, Joshua Bell. Chas.
Bastian Wm. Bnnkstahler, David BurrouRhs, Jesse Brown Buck, James Baker,
Perry L Hrjant Mii-sf'S Bridgers, Wm. Bridfers. Gustavus Brown. Michael Burns,
Thoma« J Hell, -Mifhael Brien; Samuel Brewster, died at Newbern. April 5. ISM;
John lliirriil;,-e, died at Yorktown, of disease, April Itj, 18t54: James Bessy, died
July •■> l"^'! of wounds received in action June 30: Horatio N, Brill, died on hos-
pital ship </>.), Wdshinrflon, in Hampton Roads. Oct. I. 1804; Harrison Blazier.
taken prih<.u<T Feb. 2, 1864. and died at Andersonville prison. April 12, 1864; Isaac
BoUter. H. J. Coul. Madison Clifton, Henry M. Clemence. Amos B. Chapman,
Mt.-hiK-l C.ivanash. Charles W. Comstock, John O. Coulter, James G, Chadderdon,
Tiiiiotliy Cronou, Uobt. CuUen. Milton W. Couch. James Cad well. Edward Conhng,
Milton Clark, Cyrus P. Chase, Michael Coakley, Geo. Coleman; Theo. tj. Cook, died
at rort.smouth, Va.. May 29, 1865; Stephen C. Cornell, died at Newbern, June 2:^,
iVkJ: .Iiimes Clark, died on hospital ship G<'0. VTashington. in Hampton Roads, Oct.
22, is<i4; Jo.seph Clark, died at Point of Rocks, James River, Feb, i:i 186.5; Geo.
Carr, taken prisoner Feb, 2. 1864 — died at Andersonville prison, Aug. 22, 1864;
Th.'O, Conklin. Win, O, Culver, James Campbell. Peter Conway, Georfre Conway,
F.zra Colson: Thomas Clark and Wm, H. Courtney, taken prisoner Feb. 2, 1864. and
since missing: Richard Dean. Andrew Dickson. J. Dennis. Geo. F. Drake. Peter
Darling, Wm. Devoe, Truman Dewitt, Jacob W. DeLong; John W. Daultim, died at
N.-wbern, March 11, 1864. of fever; Timothy Dillon, died on hospital ship (no.
tt\iK/ii,ti!fo7i, Nov. 8, 18t>l: Silas Ellsworth, Jacob Eckert. Jacob Eekerson. Ezra
Eokerson, Moses Elkins, John J. Foster. Jr., John Fallon, Nathaniel Eraser,
Jerome French, Jt>hn Forman; Patrick Fallon, taken prisoner, Feb. 2, 1864— died
at And.>rHouville prison June 4, 1864; Daniel Gower. Andrew Geng. Horace Gndlev,
Timothy Goslin, Jinniiah W. Gibson, James Gill, John Garry, 3Iuhael Guilford,
Geo. Gwvcr, Frank Graham. John Griffing, Harmon Goodsell: Edgar D. Gillett,
di.-d at Ncwbi.Tn, <^(t. 22.186-3; Henry Genner and Seymour E. (tH.-^woUI, taken
prisoners, Feb. 2. I'm.!— died at Andersonville prison, April 24, 1864; Timothy Gor-
man, riiitiie— died at Andersonville. June 17, ISW; Robert Hoff. Lafayette Hofl. Geo.
P HofT. A. n. Haxfwrd, .Uonzo Halsey, Geo. Haywood, Wm. Holmes, John Holmes,
fuear F. lljinl.Til.arg, Michael Hammond, E. B, Hunt, Charles Hensou. George
Heurton. Wm, S, Harn. Jas, G, Hudson; Micheal Henesy, taken pri.suner. Feb. 2
1-^V— di-d at AndiTsouville, Sept. 10, 1864; David Har\'ey. Wm. Irsuig. Hallowell
P, Jame.s. Jas. O. Johnson; James R. Jewell, taken prisoner, Feb. 2. 1N>4— died in
Anderscnvillo prison. April -^6, 1864; Alex. Kelsey, Jos, Knapp, Albert Kelley,
Andrew J. KcUcv. Albert Keelcr, Charles D. Knowles, Cyrus M. Knight; Joseph
K"ltenborne, taken prisoner, Feb. 2, 18t>4— diea at Andersonville prison, July 1.,
I'xVt; Geo. H. Knowks. died at Weedsport, N. Y., Jan. 3, 1865. of diseast ; Richard
King, Pat. Kelley, James E, Locke, Geo. E, Lewis, Walter Lainphere. Albert
Lamphere, James Lvsit. Jr., J. Letbbridge. Joseph Lindsley, Franklin Lisk.Abuer
D. Lefner. Monroe Laraway; John E. Lippard. taken prisoner Feb. 2. \SA. since
niis.sing; Lewis MeCarty, Orin McCartv, James H. Mills, Wm. Martin. \V m H.
Martin, John Merritt. James Mace, Wra.'B. Maracoug. Irvine T. Melutyre, Michael
Marahack, James McWharf, Rodney Marsh, Joseph Maier, John McCluskey; Peter
Moou.-v, stray, •(! from camp, taken prisoner, and died at Andersonville prison,
Julv, IN^t: (Jeo. S Mallett, died at Newbern, Oct, U, 18M, of yellow fever; Adam
Meuzie. taken pri.'^oiitr, Feb, 2, 18W— died at Andersonville prison, June 16, 1804;
A. D. Mein, Win. D. MeCormick, Leonard Morrell. Archibald Moirell, John C,
Miller, Geo. Norton, ,Tohn Owens, Francis Ottiuan, Benj, OslMune, Berlin Orton,
Charles Orton, Jolin Phinuey, Wm, Par.soiis, Michael Post, Michael Pitney, Alex,
P-rrln. Robert Paul; Erastus Parker, died at Newbern, June U, I'M'^i; Newton U,
Phelps; Wm. W. I'ease, taken prisoner Feb. 2, 1SG4, and since missing; Ira Right-
mver, Joel C. Kaiisier, Frederick Renvoe: James Redmond, died in the service;
J.'hn Rosser, Berlin Swan, John A, Scott. Orin E, Scott, Wm. Shearston. Geo.
Swift, Edgar Sprague, John H. Simpson, Ira J. Stephens, Benj. F. Stamp. Sylvester
Snyd.r. Geo. N. M;.i\v. Henrv K. Stahh Wm. H. Simpson. Albert Stockton. Henry
St. . kt..n, Jolm H. ShalTer, Jav E. Storkc; James Shank, died at Newbern. Oct. h\
I"^-l. of f,-ver; Lemuel F. Straley, died at Fortress Munroe, Sept. 27. l.'^W; S. J.
f^tralev, died in prison at Richmond, V.. April 1, INkI, of starvation; Melville Smitn
and Alex. Shaw, taken prisoners Fob. 3, 1861— died at Andersonville priaun, April '-,

314 3D NEW- YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

T^I^°r"s:^^''"-iP''"°*''J'*"'?^'^"- ^^^""^ prisoner. Feb. 2. lSft4. and since missing-
moTs T-, vW^r "''^F Tottm:rham Elisha Terwilli^er. Thomas Timmons. Hall
w^ H ^- V"^- ^t"\^'V;'"4^^""' •'^'- ^ Tenner. Elijah K. Thomas. Alvin .M. Titus
T^J^-Jr-^'''''- •?''^° '^^Jf ^^T^- '*'<^'> "^t Fortress Munroe. Dec. 18. IS.U; Oscar S
kIV^'1'„ V ''"* P"^""^"" ^."^'■Z-- l-'il-diffl at AndersonviUe prison. Oct. 7. \m-
?Aln r^ ° '^''^^% K^''^,"" ^ '"'" ^"'"•'"- '^"^^ ^- ^an Buren and Henry Van Buren,
taken prisoners. Feb. :>. isi;v_<li.vi at AndersonviUe prison. April 21. l,s.;f Isaac

T-i,^°W Wh> PV•''"''•'^^''^^^.r•• ^'^'^'v •'"^ ^^^^^^ missin-; Charles W. Wh^aton,
W^n« ^-.nl.^ w w'"''? ^i ^^H'''*',x.^^^*^^F. Wilbur. Charles Williams. Walter
Hai^;^ H wh- -1 ^'n'^-- ^'xT-'', J- ,^^r'' '^^°'"^« Whipple. Cornelius Waldron,
Harvey H. Whipple Daniel Wolford. James WUson. Robert Wilkenson. .John Wal-

W^hfTJ^^H- V"". V '""k- '^'I'^r,''' ^- ^'i"iams. Elbert A. Williams: Frederick G.
v«i in •T^m'^'^*'^*^'^-^^^'''^- "^''l^ '^- ^^''''^- "^^"'- B- Wheaton. died at Xewbem.
P«h"9 i*ii 'v^*^^'"?''^, fe^'*^r:.-/ames West and Georce West, taken prisoners,
f «°- ^ if>f— 'iiefl in AndersonviUe prison; Francis Weeks, taken prisoner, Feb. l
1864, and since missing; Joseph Young. cu. *,

BATTERY " L," 30 ARTILLERY.

[Mustered out July 7, 1865.]

,Q^?<So'"'"^*~'^^^ ^- '^^^' ^^^- -"• 'S^l; resigned June 13, 1863. A. Lester Cady. June

V*-/*^^L "'^'^^'^'■S^'^ ^^'^- '^' 13M. Lewis H. ilQwers, Feb. ^4, 1865; mastered out
July <, iMti,>.

First /Jeiifenant.9-Geo. S. Hastinss. Aug. 30. 1862; discharged Jan. 4. 1865. Wm.
a. camp, Dec. 28. 18b4: discharged ilarch 8, 1S65. Fred. E. Hastings. June 13, 186:3;
discharged Jan. 22. istio. & • . •

^v/)j?'/ L>-e>ife>ian>^-Edvra.rd H. Wardwell, April 15. 1863: resigned Aug. 30. 1864.
i*ao W. Graham, Dec. 7, ISGl ; transferred to 3d New York Cavalry. Chas. H.

Serge,! nt,>—Wm. W. Crocker. Henry C. Page. Lucius S. N'ewcomb. Oliver Williams,
John Russell. Wm. R. Murray. Hatlera P. Llovd. Ch.as. A. Clark. Rufus Ainsworth.

(^}rpor,v/..i—G^o. G. Wri-ht. Samuel A. Stoddard. Geo. W. Calvine. Geo. Birdsall,
il^ U-.Hmt,on; Archibald .MoDomUd. taken prisoner at Plvmouth. X. C. April 2i).
l«^— died at AndersonviUe ; Benj. F. Bacheldor and John B. Johnson, died in the
service; James Cowan.

.S,/^^rir«— Andrew G. Furgeson, Adolphus Whitney, Henry C. Burd.

.dr^/fo^r*— Porter D. Rawson. Paul Caulteaux.

/>rjr,//ew— Francis M. Alherty, Zephaniah Allen, Wm. Albertv. Wm. Ainsworth.
Vci?" ^"nstrong, and George Atwo.)d. taken prisoners at Plvraoiith. X. C April 2<).
on *^'ijLV<"d >n AndersonviUe pri>i.,n; John A. Brooks. Giistavus Barker. Robert
Bullock ■Wm. A. Blood, Wm. E. Rucklev. David Bailev. John Bartle. Geo. Brown;
HartweU Bartlett. John Baker. WilL-ird b. Blake. James H. Button. Chas. Bucklev,
and Roswell H. Barnes, taken pri.^oners at Plvmouth. X. C. and died at And^rson-
^",f ' J; ■"• ^- Chapin. Georu-e Camp, (Jeorge W. Cvpher. Hiram Cusick. John Co.k-
weu. >Vm. Carnahan. James Calkans. Alpha L. Culver, Robert Cantwt^U; lieorse A.
Crounse. Benj. F. Corhiu. Henrv V. Clute. Henrv Chadburn. and Charles Carnahan.
taken prisoners at Plvmouth. N. C. April 2t\ iwvi, and died in Anders.mville pri.son;
Jiartin Crosby, and A. W. Comstoek. died in the .service: Georce Durvee. Oman
Uavia. Edward J[. Eastwood. Geor-e Elseffer, Josiah F. Ferrin. Philemon Farrall,
uennis Finne^an, John Filborn, Henrv Frost; James Flmn, Charl.s Fitch. Thos.
ritzgerald. and Albert (rrifflth. taken pri-soners at Plvmouth. April 20. 1.h<>4. and
^'^■«1* -^"''"rsoiiviUe prison: Lawrence Green. Dalis" M. Goodhue. Charles R.
I 'i J?" T?'' '*''''■'' ^'^''•*lift. (li'^'l ill the .'.ervice; WiUard Gould. Wallace Houghton.
Jonn V Harm..iid. Charles Humplirev. Arthur Huniphrev. Charles Horton. Charles
Hart. Georire A. HoUman; Edward J". Hiint^>r, Wilber M. H.-vt. Charl.>s H. Hatha-
way, and \\ ni. F. Hosfi.nl. taken pris.^nnrs at Plymouth. X. L'.. and died at Ander-
sonviUe: Edwin T. M, HurlbfTt. Benj. X. HoUister. Charles H. H..men. Jas. Johns,
Henrv C. Knowldon. Ri.'hmond Ketclium; George W. Keenev. Svlvanus King. Abra-
ham Lent. S. H. L.ipham. and Abram Lee. taken prisoners 'at iPlvmouth. April 2(t,
1"^. and difd at -Viider^onville pris.m; Francis Leonard. Iliram'E. Lomnis. Thos.
McGuire. P.itrick Marrin. Orin S. M.Cr-'arv, Wheaton J. M.TriU. Ch.as. A. Moreau,
31. R. Mo.^hrr, (ieorge .Miller. James McCluire. Henrv McMinch: John McCrink.
Hector C Martin, J. G. Miner, and James McCrink, taken prisoners at Plvmouth,

MUSTER ROLL. 315

\t,ril CO ISAI and (M^^d in Andersonville prison; Georpe JI. Mead, and Michael Mc-
iflire died in the ievviee: Win. P. Nichols. Riley J. Newton, and Samuel Nichols,
uiiton' pi-i.-^i'MtTs al rivniouth, April 20, 1«<U, and died in Andersonville prison;
Tlii'mas OdelL Cha;'.. sOtis, Wm. Prince, Oliver G. Parmelee. Silas P. Purdy. Chas.
(; Phflau, (;eor<:f AV. Piper, Wm. Patterson; Jos. W. Perkin.s, Philander Pratt,
anil \ll«ert PipiM-, tali.'ii prisoners at Plymouth, April 20, IfiW— the first two died at
\n(ler*oiivinf, thf last at Florence, S. C; Kirnm Boost, Erastus Rankin. Enoch J.
i'.ti-^sfU. Orlr;i:dii i!, h.mlson. Wm. Roach, John A Russell, Stephen Root. Albert
Ui. hards. Klias Itiiliards; Thurman Rich, and Leprand D. Rood, captured at Ply-
'.•uiutli. April -I'. ;m>). and died at Andersonville: Walter Saekett. Jcmos Smith. Au-
-'rew J. Secor, Cti.irles Sunderland. Phares Shirley. Mason C. Smith. Jas. Surfield,
N.-ls«in Sht])ar<i, U. J. Safford and Timothy Shockney. captured at Plymouth, April
i* 1S«.4. and ili- d at Andersonville prison; Seben H. Schenck. and Geo. W. Stevens,
di'-din thesiTvico; Seymour Sherman, died Aug. 9, 18M, atNewbem; Lewis P. Thay-
er Henry TiU.ui, Jr.. Samuel Terrill, SvlvesterVan Buren, B. V. L. Winnie, Elting
wlvoLsev, Tli.iiiias Williams, Chauncey ^Vetmore. Hamilton S. Whitney, John Wool-
s.-y; Ja'clib 11. Weller, died on United States hospital ship BuJtic, Dec. 1, 18M; Ed-
w.ird Welch .mid Emmett Wood, captured at Plymouth, April 20, 18t>4, and died at
Audersouville.

BATTERY " M," 3D ARTILLERY.

[Mastered June 26, 1865.]

Capt.iina—Snmys V. White, Jan. 2.5, 1863; resigned Sept. 30, 1862. John H. Howell,
Nov. 18, l>t>,>: mustered out June 26, 1865.

Fimt L>eitt^„(nih~\Vjn. H. Sanford, June 19, 18ft4; mustered out June 26, 1865.
Julius C(.le, Feb. IS. lst;.5; mustered out June 26, 1865. Nicholas Hanson. Jan. 25,
l-''>-.'; di.-.oharj.-ed Oct. 5. ISW. Nelson S. Bowdish, Jan. 25, 1^«')2; resigned April 2,
InW. Samuel H. Toby. F.^b. 24, 180:}; appointed Quartermaster April S). 1.S6.1.

S^fvn'1 /./V/'//'?/(//(^«— Edward W. Brennan, Sspt. 24. 1>^CA: mustered out June 26,
1>k5. Geo. II. Taylor. Feb. 18, 1865; mustered out June 26. 1865. Dwisht C. Scott,
July ir. lfM\:); pr..n:..ted Sept. 23, 18tV4. Martin Shaffer, Jan. 2,% 1862: resitrned Nov.
U, IStA.'; re-cuimmssionod Oct. 16, ISCA; resigned Aug. 16, 18t>4. James VanMeck.
S.-pt. 14. Htll; mu.stered out Feb. 13, 1865. Hiram R. Lehman. Jan. 25, 1,'^J2; resigned
June 27. IJ-i.:!.

.>>rf/e<ni^«— Nicholas J. Smith, Sara. J. Yaples. Albert Becker. Jasper E. Hathaway,
l^urton G. Grover. Joseph F. Raphael Jonathan L. Handford. John H. Fricot,
James McCaj-, Alonzo Ludd, John H. Cockett, Ogilvie D. Ball, Horatio N. Gates,
Ezru C. Jayncs.

t'orj.'n-ir/x—Kawin Small. Charles H. Smith. Chauncey N. Brown. Daniel Pinckney,
J.Ti>me Mattice, Charles A. Bartholomew. O. Merreuess. John H. Gordon. J. Sey-
laour Beard.-lfv. Charles H. Clapp. John E. Dana, Charles E. Pike. Geo. G. Green.
' t.urlesF. Odell. Geo. Manley, G. Peter Sandt. Ira Twitchell; Geo. Peck, died at
-N.-wbern, April l-i 1862. of fever; Vinton Becker, died at Newbern. April 2*). !><>•-,
• i fever; Cliarks F. Odell, died at Roanoke Island Sept. 2, 1862; Lamott K.
I'fvendorf.

V.'(/;//r/-*— Edwin R. Waterman, Smith H. Case.

.1r///jVf/-j*— Louuzo I). Austin. Wm. Palmer.

/'./rriVr— KumvcU P. Olds.

/•/•(■/•((^r.*— Dtiiiii.-s IJ. Armstrong, John P. Austin. John Ahern, Charles Allen. Wm.
Atidersuu. Aiis.>l Austin. David Aikens, Peter Annstronp, Albert S. Allen. Jacob
y liradt, E.khar.U liillnian, Wilson Burgcs.s, Henry Backu.s, Hebron Burton,
K'Me Bovt'c. (ii'i>. (i. Bf-ntley, Edgar J. Best. Jos. K. Bassford. Nicholas F. Bel-
l.ik'-T. John ISoutUrovd. Charles D. Bingham, Peter Bradv. Jos>ph Bennett, Oscar
E lir.md: Jnhii A. Brown, died at Roanoke Island. Oct. i2, IHi-J: Benj. Bond, died
"t Newborn. Nov. 7. ISiVl. of fs-phus fever; Charles C. Campbell. Wm. Clemens, Wm.
•■■ C'ox. SandtT-Mn Ci-.-as»'y, " Howard Chappel, DpIos W. Creve. Elias A. Cooper,
C.irL.rt Cliainlarlain. Hiram Coin, Heman Cole. Lorenzo Cornish: Albert R. Cregs,
<l:>'d at Point of Kocks, James river, Feb. :i. l.sr,,"); Luman Dings. Joseph Dnulphey.
\\ m. H. Drum. John A. Dul.on. Peter Dingham; Joseph Dibble, died at Fortress
.M.mroe, .Mardi 2ii. ISii.",, of disease; Albert C. Devendorf, S. ElwelU Florence
[ 'ipere, H> luv Kshman, Lawrence Eckhart, Dravton Eno, Abner English, Lorenzo
tckhart, Daniel Edwards, Madison Edwards, Simon B. Fow^ler, John Ferguson ,

3i6

3D NEW-YORK VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Spencer S. France, Clemence Gravlin, John Greer, Andrew Greer, Frank Gildav, i
Benj. Garlock, Joel G. Garrison, \Vm. Gilfoyle, Samuel W. Green, Elijah S. j
Georgia, Alphonzo Gross, Ralph R. Guernsey, ililan B. Goodrich. Thomas J. Her- j
rick, Jonathan Herriik, David Handy, Allen Houghton, James A. Hunt, Benj. P. j
Hulbert, Lewis B. Ham, Nelson Hoose, Charles D. Hoose, Selath Howe, Wni. A. ]
Hopkins, John Hamlin, Wm. O. Han-ey, Geo. Hart, Benj. M. Hoagland, Charles S. t
Howell, Charles Hanson, Jasper Howe, Charles Harty, Charles Head. David Hinds, \
"Wm. Hall; Charles K. Holman, died at Ithaca, N. Y., June i. 1S62: Henry G. Hardy, !
Napoleon B Johnston. Tremain J. Jaques; Miles A. Jones, died at Xewbern June. j
3, 1862; Abner il. Kirk. Wm. Kahley, Washincrton I. Kinch: Daniel Ketchum, died at I
Newbem. Sept. '^. lSt)3: Seth Knowles, John H. Lavender, Wm. Landers. Benj. Lamy, !
Edward Laton, Alfred Little, Henry Lambert, Alfred C. Lonsan. John Lydamon. i
John Linch; Elisha S. Lantord. died at Roanoke Island. Aug. U.'lStii; Chas. Murphy, i
Robert Morris, Edward Markem, John Mavers, Levi 3Iaybee. Dennis MeAvoy, j
Philip Mowers, Philip H. Michael.s. Wm. Marks, Isaac Moore, Silas W. Mason, j
Myron ilelins: Edwin N. Maxwell, died at Hatteras Inlet, Nov. 2, 1862; John Miller, 1
died at Fortress Monroo. Sept. 13, It^W; John McArdle, died Nov. 1. 1S64, on the 1
passage to Fortress Monroe; Thomas Nolan, Julius M. North, Geo. Nichols. James !
Sfelson, Daniel C. Osborn, John O.sborn, Jas. A. Platts. Henry C. Pinckney, Geo. E. J
Patten, Thomas Palmer, Seth C. Platne-r, Herman Prime, Jas. M. Pierce, Asa W. ]
Phillips, Wm. Piper, James Palmer. Timothy Parsons, "Wm. H. Pratt, Peter L. I
Provett, A. Patchen, Van Rensselaer D. Pierson, Henry C. Platner; James Pinck- !
ney, died in New York city, Nov. 21, 18*53; David O. (Juigley. James Roche. Frank j
Bare, Thomas Riley. John W. Robinson, Lewis Robbius. Fred. Shellman, Martin V. !
Secore, Christian S'chlee, Wm. Sweetland, John W. Smith. John F. Stevenson. Isaac j
Smith, James SmitlL Richard Smith. Wm. R. Swick, Andrew L. Stinard. Lawrence '
Snyder, Henry C. Smith, Whiting Smith, Abram Smith. Wm. H. Spencer. Ales. I
Stewart, King B. Swartwood. W.ishington B. Swift: Harmon Sawyer, died at New- \
bern, Oct. 21. 18»>3; William Snedeker, died at Portsmouth. April <", 18fU; John Tay- !
lor, Charles E. Tice. Henry M. Trutmeyer, Miron Thomas; Clark J. Titus, died at 1
Hatteras. Nov. 19, lH<i2; Jacob Ulrich, John K. Van Allen. Andrew Vandenberg, |
Garrett Van Vor.st; James F. Wicks, died in Newbern, June 20, 1862: Daniel P. Win- \
ney. died at Hatteras. Oct. 5. 1802; Jacob Westbrook. Horace Wellman. Leroy A. j

Weldon, Henry Wicks. Morris R. Wisuer, Peter Waters. Jos. B. Watson, Watson 1
G. Wilsev, Wm. WelLs, Jas. S. Wisner, Alvey WafSe, Jas. Wilkinson, Wm. H.
Welch, Allen D. Walcott, Luke D. Wymbs, Wm. H. Yale, A. YarnaU, Theo. Young.

'' 7 6 i^J

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Full text of "Cayuga in the field : a record of the 19th N. Y. Volunteers, all the batteries of the 3d New York Artillery, and 75th New York Volunteers"

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