C. Crispi Sallustii Bellum Catilinarium Et Jugurthinum: Cum Versione Libera ...

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1

C. CRISPl SALLUSTII

Bellum Catilinariutri et Jugurthinum,

CUM VERSIONE LIBERA.

FRAMITTITUR

tita SALLXJSril Auaor e Vira Ch

JOANNE CLERICO.

NECNON IT

i)ISSERTATIO, in quii quam egregie conferant ad Lijnguam Lati'*

nam facilius promptiufque percipicndam, Au^torum Claflkorum

VerfioAei Aftglicae, tam ad verbum quam liberius fa^ta,

j^luribus demonftratur.

I. E.

The HI$f ORYof the WARS

O F

CATtLINE AND JUGURTHA,

B Y •

^ A L L U S 7;

WITH A FREE TRANSLATION.

f 6 WHtCH IS FREFIXED^

The LIFE of S ALLUS^T by thc famous

Monfieur Le C LE R C

, A« ALSO ^

A large DISSERTATIOK upon the Ufefulnefs of Tranflations of

Claflic Authors, both literaV an^ free, for the more eafy expe-

ditious Attainmcnt of the L^tin Tongue.

Fjr JOHN CLAR R E, of Hull.

& LO Q E STB R:

P R I N^ T E D B Y R. R A I J: fi S.

And sold by J'. F. and C. Rivingtonj^ St. PaVl's CHtj&ciC'
Yard, and James Evans, Pater-Noster..Row, LoNoexr*

■ ■ I ■■■■■^■■iM ■ ■« M I .l^ «^

M.DCC.LXXXIX«

/ ♦

''il'l Mi. \ li ,,"/"1 , ,, „„ n',ii,i ' .\ .,'( <

T H E

P R E F A C E,

n^HE CharaSler of Sallust as an Hiftorian^ is fo wiU
•* knowHj andfo juflly eflabliP)ed in the Learned TVorUy that
Ijudge it needlefs to enlarge utdn tbe Subje£f ; and I declineit
the rather^ becatife I dm fenfthle Enconuums ofthat ^indfrom
a Tranjhtoror Commentatorj are generalty^ and but too jujilyy
fdpeSfed by the moftfenfible ReaderSj toproceed onlyfrom a De^
Jtgn tofet offy or recommend more effeSlually his own Peffor-
mance. It will liot however be improper to obferve^ that the
Subje^Sy which have employed the elegant andjudicious Pen of
ihis Htftorian^ are very well chofen Periods of the Soman Ht-»
Jiory. Catiline's Confpiracy wasfo defperate and viUainous a
Defign as isfcarcely to be paraUeled in the Hiftory of Mankindm
Tfhe Circumftances of it werefuch as to demand the Tolents of
ihe abUft Writery and the deepejl Jttention of the Jiudious
Reader. And it is proper to add^ that ihis very Attempt of
Catiline rendered tke Confulate ofthe illtiftrious Roman Orator
fhe moft eminent that is to befoundin theAnnals ofhis Country^

XHE War againft King Jugurtha too^ for thi Time ofits
Continuance^ is asfull ofimportant and remarkable Inciaents^
as any other in the whole Roman Hiftory bejides. We fei
tbere io what a Height Bribery and Corruption were at tfoat
Timfi g<a in^S^OfXit 'y to fuch a Height indeedy that the KoxxiSins
wanted butorie Thing tocombleat their Shame arid Ruin at once^
fhat isy to have had the Biliy which was prejerrfd to the Peo^

IV P R E F A C E-

ple againft the Penjtoners to tbe King^ rejeSied, And this wat
what many of the Senate (in ail Likelihood a very great Majo,"
rity) endeavoured hy clandejiine MeanSj and Jly PraSiiceSy to
bring abo&t. But the PeopUj corrupt, as they were^ yet were
not wtcked andjhamelefs enough to come into fo'vile a ProjeSfy
whichj had it fucceededj mu/i^ in all Probabilityj have made
Jugurtha Majier of Rome. To concludej we may learnj from
this and thefuhfequent Partofthe Roman Story^ V/7/Julius
Caefar executed hh long projeiled Defign upon his Countryj this
Lejfonj that where Bribfery andCorruption prevail amongft
the Govcmors of a Free State, unlefs fomepowerful Remedy
can befpeedily applied, there the Deftruftion of Libefty muft
unavoidably and prefently enfue. >

M Tranflations of ihe Claflick Authors, both Literal
and Freej are exceedingly ufeful in learning the Latin Tongue^ I
, have thoughtfit tofubjoin to this Preface m^ Dijfertation upon
ihat Subje£fj but conjiderably fnlarged* ' - \

C. CR I S P J

}

C CRISPI S4LLUSTIf

V I T A. .

BONORUM Virorum tiniiditati, incanllantix, aut iinpradn|tii|i
vixignoicere poflumus, fiquidaliquandomoribusfuis indignum,
& antc aftsc Vil>c minus confentaiieum protulerint. Sed mutta'
inagis iram nodram movent improborum honelti fermoncs ; qtiibus^
jut nequitiam fuam occultent, certiufque lioceant, utl iblent ; nibil
enim fcelenitiug, quan^armisVirtutis uti, ut Vitium tuearis. tiatt
puto autem quemauam prav£ hujus fimulationis labe magis infeflum
vixilTe, quam celiheririmum tlillaricum (J- CaispvM Sai.lvs-
TivM, ut liquebit ex ejiis vita; quam ex Veteribus colligere Ratui,
it quicumque eamlegent, hocwemplointetligarit, nop eBeproptere»
exiltimandum bonum quemquamfuifle, qiiod Virtutem f^lavio de-
fenderit, iiifl conllet mores cum ferraonibus confenfitTe. tJemo certe
tlegantius & acriusin luie jctatis vitia, quam SALLOSTins, inveihi»
eft ; iiec quilquam vitae niinus fevene fuit.

Natus erat faj Amiterni, in Sabinis, apiid quo5 eitant etiamnum
antiqux feveritatfs reliquife, annoab Urbe condita^i^ ncLxix. L.
<:anielio Chma ni^ & Cn. Pafiho Carbone Coff. Hi Sullie infenfi hel-

lum civile concitanint, quod non delit, nilTpofiquam Sulla, trienniQ
polt, rerumpotitusen'. His annis, omnis generis fladtia in Italia
commiffa, plebeixque & nobilcs farailix graviHimas calamitat^s paf..
ix funt jun^e inteiligere licet miferrimo ac flagitiofiHipio xvonatuni
elTe Sallujlium, Sc quo raulto plura, qux vitaret, ({uam ciUfe fequere.
lur, videbat. Parenies tamen ejus inculpatic vitae fuiffe credibile
Ht, quod prifcus Dfeclamator, qui noniine CiceTonis in Sallufiium in-
veAus eft, oraniaque conquifivit, qux In eum dici poQent, nihil i^
"fama, rumoribufque Jubfequentis xtatis invenerit, quod iis exprp-,
■braret. Patreln certe Sallujlii (e fraierire aKx ; quijl, inquit, «um-
qaamin -viia fiia peccajfet, lamen majorem injuriam Reipuhlica facert
hon poiuijfet, ^uam quod eumtalem fhum genuerai. Siibjiciti fe ««g^

(a) ViJi £are^iiin in ChrsT;. »d Ai. VDCCCCXXXI, (b) A. C,

vi C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

t

I

exfequijiqua in^ueritia peccafei SalktfiiuSt ne farehtem ejus aeeufare
ruideretury qui ^o temfore fumtnam ejus fotejlatem babuit, Qi^ae verbsi
fatis oftendiint, probra nulU in Hiftonci nodri parentes lunc tempo-
rls ja6ta ; neque enim iis vehemens Declamator peperciflety ut SaU
lujlii nc(}uitiam credibiliorem redderet.

Plebeiam ejus familiam, non patrici^m, ut nonnuUi volunt, fuilTe
liquet, ex);o quod Tribunus Klebisfuerit; ac fane ubique in nobile»
invdhitur, ac praefertim in Hiftoria Belli Jugurthini^ Sc pofterioro
Epiftola^ad C. Caefarem de Republica Ordinanda,

A teneris annis excult^m eloquentiam, & operam diiigentem lit*
tens d Sallujiio datam, fatis odendunt ejusfcripta; nequ^ cnim ita,
fcribunt, qui ferius fe fe ad litterarum lludia contulerunt. Ideo fi-
demeiminime detraxerim dicenti £pi(t. ii. ad Cxfarem pofiquam
Jfbi (etaSf ingeniumque adole^vijfet^ Je haudferme armis atque equis corpus
exercuijfe, fed animum in litieris agitajfe ; fif, quod natura Jirmhts erat^
ingemum in laboribus babuijfe, Sed 8c hoc diferte tedatur (a) Sueto-*
nius ; Praeceptorcm enim ejus fuilTe ^iocct Atteium Praetextatum, no*
bilem Grammaticum'Latinum, qui fe Pbilologum vpcavit, & <\wi Satt
fujiium familiaridime coluit. Vix tjimen videtur, more atiorumi^
caufa» adlitaflTe, ut grati^m ac famam (ibi a£lionibus forenfibus com«
pararet. Nulla certe vmemoria ejus rei, apud veteres ; nec Cicero^
qui totaequalium fuoriim, qui operamiuam venditarunt in fbro, me-
ifltnit, C. Crljpi Salluftii meiitidaem ullam ufquam fecit. Si quis (i«
Itfrfiitaufftnifuifre inimicitia{n,.qu£ inter eos fuit, fufpicetur; do-
.^it twT Cicerd cjus faltem obitcr non memuierit, ut vituperaret. Ac
i&ne geniis eloquentise Sallufiianae minus apturh foro fuit ; aptiifimunx
Jliftdrfce, cjuae aj^ otiofis Jegitur. Q^iare fb) ^inttlicinus^ vitar!
d^oftefe judic^t m caufis a^endis illam Sallufiianam (quamquam iix
fp(6 yirtutis Ibcum obtinet) brevitatem, & abruptum fermonis genus,r
4uM dfidfum fortafle ledlorem minus falUt, audientem tranfvolat. .

Ceclamator, (c) quem dixi, turpiflimam adolefcentiam SalluJHo
^t^rdbrat, nefandaYiimque volupts^tum amorem objicit ; quae crimi-
nifloneS, ut falfae eiTe poflunt, non omnino incredibiles ob fequuta^
jl^agilia videntur. Domum paternam, ii accufatori crcdimus, «vi*uOi
fdire, turpt^me *venalem babuit, ac 'vendidit ; morique coegit ex moe«
rorc patrem, quonondum mortuo, jam pro herede omnia gerebat.
jJQec xtatis tirccinio lapfus, pofte^ fe correxit, fed abiit in fodalitiunt. '
Sfcrilegi nefcio cujus Nigidiani ; bis accufatus eft apud Judices, bifii
fiibiblutus ; y^rum it^ ut non iqnPCens t^t^ fed Judices pejerafre vide.*
tfetTTur. • ^

Cum s^d capelTfendoi Reipublicae honpres cohtenderet, (d) (X|Lt<e*

tiiram e(l cpnfequutust quam fi petiit legitimo anao, hoc eft, vige-
mo quiqto, Quaeftor fuit A. U. C. (e) Dcxciv. Q^into Caecii
lio Metello Celere &. L, Afrjahio CoflT* Aliofne honores ambiverit, a^n
diSicuItatibus deterritus ad prlyuitam vitam, iis miflis, conceflerity
fioh fatlsliquet. Ab hoc certe tenxppre nullos honores, ad Tribuna-
tnTT> ufque Plebis, geflit. In ipfo adolefcentiae ardore, videtur ea .
idrilifi(fe> quaea&t ern^m nomini ejus infa,m.iam. inuflerunt. (J) M%

(a) Ta LiB. de tltufirllui Grammatjcit c. lo. (h) Lih. iv. Cap, 2«.

(c) Cap. s*
* (d) Uiaem, fe) A. C. l-x. (f) Apud Aul. Geliiun^Uh. xn}. c. l8. nde

V

JiWr^ ^ctiplol" gravi0imus, in iibro quem mfcriprerat IVvf, zxitdg
Bace^ C Sallufimm in aduiteno deprehenfnm cum Faullay SuUae filiajf
4i Milofie ejus viro loris bene csfum^ &, curo peQUmam dedilTeti di-
ttiifiUm fuiife prodidit.

AttamenA. U. G* dccii. fa^ Tribunatum Plebis adeptus cft,
tempore quo ufque adeo turbata erat Refpublics^ ut eo deventum fit,
ut Cn, rompejus Magnus Conful, fme collcg^, crcaretur. -Cum
aiutem paullo anteT. Annius Milo P. Clodium occidifTet, Pompe
jufque legem de vi tuH(kt> quamflfituebatur qusedio de ea csede; ui^
ciftendi oecadonem na^his Salluftms^ (ibi non defuit. Cum duobu^
aliis Tribunis Plebis inimicininfttS conciones, ut fcribit Afconlus Fe-
diamus in Ckeronis Milonianam, de MiVone habuit, invidiofa^ etiani
«le Ciceronci quod Milonem fummo ftiidio.defenderet ; eratque
maximsTpars multitudinis infenfk iton fohim Miioni, fed ipff. etiam^
propter invifum patrocinium, Ciceroni. Poflea tamen cum de accu.
fyam ftudio mullum remifiCet Sallujlius, in fufpicione fuit in gratiani,
yediiile tum Miione ^ Cicerone. .

Crediderim, hifce temporibus, fcriptam foiife hiitorlam Catilina-
'riac-Conjurationis; cum Saliuftius, exa6to Tribunatus tempore, pri-
vatus ageret, nec Ciceroni e(fet infenfus ; rcm enim ita narrat, ut ea,
le^ hiftoria,' nemo non a6la Ciceronis fit probatiirus. Forte & bel-
lum Jugurthinum, &, Civilia, quse id inlequuta funt, aliaque cum
iis coancxa, eodem illp tempore confcripfit, aut aliquanto poftc-
rius. Certc npn ftint ea fcripta homims adolcfcentis, teftaturque
ipfe,'initio conjurationis Catilinarise, ft tum 4emum Hiftoriam a^-
^effum icribere, (b} uhi animus ex muitis mrferiis atque pericuHs re*
fttie*vit^ &Jibi reli^uam aiatem a RefuhHca pracul liabendam decrefvit,;
quodvlxante Tnbunatum, quem aono^^tatis xli. geflit, fieripo-
tuit. Tum vcro ftatuit resgefias Populi Romani carptim (fic ipfe lo-
quitiir) ta quaque memoria digna inderentur perfcribere ; eo magisy quod,
€iafpey metu^ partibus Reipubiic^ animus liper erat, Haec funt verba;
hdmmis honores nuiios amplius iperantis, aut certe ambitionem egre--
gie diflTimuiantis. At ncc ante diflimularat honorum cupiditatcm j
nec poft^a, rerum potiente Caefare, eorum pontemtum prae fe tu-
lit.

Itaque ante omnia Catilinariam conjurationem, qua contigerat
anno ejus vitae XXX, acprdnde cujus teftis fuerat, fcribere undecini
tirciter poft annia aggremis eft, fi calcuios rcdlc ponimus. Tum Ju-
gurthinum Ijciium, quod diu antequam nafceretur, & Civile,, quod
co puero geftum eft, confcripfit. Periit poftremum Opus, fi frag*
menta qusedftm excipias, quse tamen fat ampia ad nos pervcnerunt^
ut ex iis inteiligere poflimus, non minuS accurate ac cetera perfcrip^
tum fuifle. (c) Sed mihi videor ex loco Aufbnii pbfTe colligere tcm-»
pora, quortim Hiftorian^ fcripferat SaiiufiiuSf in iis iibris qui peri-
crunt. Aufonius vn Idyilio xxxii, ad Ncpotem, docet pucrum,
quos librds legcre ^um oportcat, k, quos ipfe, in gratiam ejus in
iBanumitcnimfumcre fitparatos. Itaque incmorato Terentio, fic io-
quitur^c Saiiufiii libris i

yamfacinusy Catiiina, tu}im:y Lcpidlque tumuhum Ab Lepido, 6?
Catulo, jam res ^ tempora Romtt Orfus, bis fenos feriem cohneiio per

(a) A. C.N. I.II.
(h) Cap. 3. (c) Sutm\ui dt tli, Oraiftfn% Cap. x.

annos.

*E C; CRISPI &JLLUSTIT

t

mruis^ yam lego ci^ili mijlum Ma^vorte duellumf Mo^vit quodfocio S^i^.
torius exful Itiero, Haec fimt omn.ia opera Sallufitiy excepto belloi
Jugurtliino, quodcur omiferit Aufonius, tiovi intdiigo. Forte ali—
quot verfus vetuftate interciderunt. i. Occurrit belUim Catilina^t
riumy de q^iio nihil necefle eft dicer^. 1 1 . Hiftoiua tumultus excicati
SL Mar^o JBmiUo Lepidoy anno Urbis Conditse dclxxxvii poftqujeinK
inno.fuperiariCqnful fuilfet: Is;tumultus a Pomgejo & Catiilo op-
preiliis eft, eodem annfo. iii. Inde Salluftius fcripferat hiftoriant
]Ferum in R,epubIiGa Romana per duodecim annos geftarum^ ante
Lepidi .tumultum ; quorum duQdecim aonorum^ initium fecerim,
circiterab anno U. C. dclxiii, qpo bellum. Mardcum inchoaium^
*b eo eiiim tempore, iJfq^e ad extcemam Dij^aturam' SuII«> duode-
^im circiter anni fluxerunt. Multa autem inveniuntur fragniQnta;
Sailuftiiy ex qjuibus iiqiiet eum.x^sa SuIIa geftas fcripiiiTe; quasea
tfemporis intercapedine continentur. iv. Bellum fcripferat Sertori-
s(ntim, quod cceperat fub finem vitae SuUae, prpximeque duodecim.
innos memoratos confequebatur ; Metellusenim in Hifpaniam contr^c
Sertorium miflus eft anno U. C. dclxxiv. qui duodecim illoruin
anhoruxp ultimus fuit. Si ea Hiftoria ad receptas ufque Hifpanias pei'-;
textaeft, quodcredibile videtur, pertinuit ad annum dclxxxi. nam-
eo demum anno,i occifts Sertorio ^ P^r-perna> p^cat^ fimt Hiipa*
Biie*,

Hmc VidemiTS q'uamvis SaUuftius carptim fcripfiflet Hiftoria'm:.Ro»>'
xiianam, nec continua temporum ferie luc.ubrationes fuas edidiflet»^
cx tribuspoftremo memoratis.ope£ibuspotuifl*e contexi circiter o6to>
decimannorum Hiftoriam; quae, utinam fane exftaretl Fragmenta:.
cnim ejiis filem noftram- excitant, non reftinguunt. Hi autemlibri,
^amvisab au£tbreeo ordine, ^uem memorat 4«/b«/«j, editi, viden-
turpoftea at Gi^ammaticis in ordmem quemdam redacti, ut ex tribus
opcribus una, conftaretur Hiftoria, Librique ejus perpetuo ordihe a
|)rimo ad ultimum decurrerent^ convmodiufque au teftimonium cita-
Jt^ntur. Afinius Poliio, in libro cniQ.Salluftii fcripta»reprehenderat, ut
mmiaprifcorum verborum adfeciatione oblita, .^radebat, In eam.rem^
a'djutorium ei feciffe maxime quemdam Atteium iratextaium^^ nobilem
Grammaticum Latinum, declamantium deinde adjutorem atque pracep*
torem, Ab hoc aiebat Salluftiumy Hiftoriam fcribere aggreffumy bre*
'viario rerum omnium Romanarum, ex quihus quas <vellet eiigerety in-^
ftru£lum fuiffe^ anti(juaque ei <verba ^ ftguras fmlitum eum effe coUigere*
Videtur Grammatieus non ignobilis ca in re ingenio ac voluntati
Salluftii gratificatus efle, potius quam fuum ipfius judicium fequa-
tus; nam inprffceptisRhetQrlcis ad Afinium Pollionem, cinii)ilaiiud
fhadebat, ut prodidit Suetonius, quamut notOy ciiiJique ^proprio Ser»
mone uterefur, njitaretque rnaxime obfcuritatejnr Gfv audaciam in tranjla^
tiombus^, Credibile eft 5tf//«/?/«iw ea re grayjtatem ftyli captafle, j&
prifcocum illorum Roihanorum fermopem imitatum, qiiorum xnori-
bUs eri^t diflimillimus, ut flagitiofe vitae msjculas elueret, perfuade-
retqueiis,,' quibus fatis notus non eraty falfaefle omnia, quae de illo
niihus h6nefta ja6labantur.

. Verum haeartes belle homini non ceflerunt, nam anno (a) U. C.
Dcciv. Coff*. L. iEmilio Paulo & C. Claudio, Marcello, Appius>
.Claudiiis PulcIVer Cenfprj nbh repughante CoUega L. Calpuirhio Pi-

ii) A. Cbr. N.L..

, i€I2C>

fya^j 9Xic^t int^r eos Cri^tfrn Sallugiumy qui hij^riam coQrQripd^
$eA^tt4 ^ecit. Quqd fa^^uq^ 6 veter\)9\is, (^^ Grammsiticis ci;cr
dixnuSy^ pr^pter a^Mlteria ; dicitur enixi» ^ iis Saiiufiius tafuaardor^
itH/ajfirvijfi in lib^rtfnaSf^ fuantQ m^ichus in m^rQa^Sf quod cunp ilH itf
Sfm^tu. g^ Cfnfarib^s^ o/fjeiiutf^, ^Jy refponditje non matronarum, fedlif-
^/fruna^Pin^ feiffator/w effc %ap^^ ^x Senfttu^ iuqui^nt* eie&us^ ef^
|lo^ quQqV^ ei exprobra^t perfoimtus iile (b) Ciara, qi^ peclamatioqp
in ejus mores inve6lus eft. Iden^ aps 4o^e^, po^u^^ C^^ores Se-
natum, u\qK€ xx^jpKum, legiflfcB,t, i^i^ifi^ <;pnCp^ay^ ^flfe Sa/iujUum
Roina^ f^fp^^urq\ie tum fe cmjffmviea cafir^ ^ffoomjfiffefitit^
JSieipuhlic^ co^fii^xfraf^ ; hoc Q%, m GJalUam-ad Carfi^r^ fe co^tulifle*
Non m.uiqrib.VjS.<f^JtcQnviciiseum ea^^t^^vit Ifeiff^ufii Pompfji Ma^gni
libertuis, ex amore erga patroni memorian^ quep[i ^ciHufiit^. fcri|^r%t
frisftrobi, ofHmo ipiverecunfdp fuifik^ Ideo L,pi»l\S p.oftesv Hiftoricunil
Do^um aceriij0ma S^yra^ ut dc^^t Sueliqaius, lofi^rafuif, lailurum
& luifconem^ nebulonem popjnoneix^^e ^J^<//^j,^ vitafcriptifquc
XDon^rqAjipc), fri^t^r^if priicqruni, Catonifque ver$(^iM^ inerudi^iili-
mum fupepv Q^ia ex occ^f^ae, fic de fiiin^p^jo fcripfifliet Siaih0ius
pod interitum ejus Hidqri^, qqnji^re aqn poCruinus; at con^t
paefarianis pattibus e S^natu e?L,pulfuip f^viile.

Cum pofteaquaxif^ fiefpiiblic^ arxiftis oppreflfa eft, ;^ioo fequent^
Cd) U. C. pccv. C. Claudio Mar^ello S^ i^. CprneUQ luentul^
ColT. arCsefare (e) e(lin Senatvim re^udlus % Q^ftucaiferum aqcepta»
ut hoaef):ius in ampUfliimim ordipem reciperetur. £um autem bono^
rem (i adve|rfas fanfiae pre^iniMS^ ttag^tf ut nibU in^% tvm n;enale; ia-^
iuerity cujus cifi^uis emtorfyii. J^ibil nan 4fqtium (tc 've^rum d^^itt qtfod
ijjlfifacere coUihtiiffet, Prqp^er i^ecatapi Qjuae&urw, prificus Decla^^
|n«^tory cujus verbaprotniiniiMS, bis Sfn^toremf bis i^^^.em fadium
aic. At i>io Lil:). XLU. vult, \\X recuperaret dignitatem Senatariamp
Praetqrem cres^tpm. Maljm, Qggeflt^ra in euip. coUat^ faAum hoc
cffe^ eo eniin M^igiftiutu cap^p> I^omana Juven(U$iagre(Uebatqr Se«
patum. ,

Hpctempord, viris do6^i$ yid^tur (cripfifle ^d CaBfarem duas illaa
^ter^Sy oi|se perperam Oratioaf^s ixifcribuntur, d^e i^ubiica ordii
^ofida, Sed ^ofleripres qi|if)em» hqc tempore, icrijpfi^ potuit \ at
priores snon niii propemodum fpnte^to beUo fcriput. MaUmer|;o
bafcedigerre in ax^num dccvu. aut certe ad ^oem ^nni antecedentis,
cum vi£lus eifet Cn* Pompejus.

. Igitur fiib iinem (f) anni pc c vi. cum in Afia eflet Caefar,*ab iis {g)
^m Roma ad eum venerant cogoovi^, Uterifque urbanis animadvertift*
inulta Rpmae male Sc inutiUter adminiibrari, ne(|ue uUam partem
)lei|^ifbUcae fatis cpmmo^e geri; quod& contentionibus tribunitiU
pernitiofae feditiones orirentur, 8c ambitione atque induIgentiaTribiu-
Borum MiUtum» Sa qjui legipnibus prseeraot, multa cpatra moremj,
coi^fuetudu^emque miUtarem iierent, qMas diflblvendae dilj^ipUnae^
feveritatifque eflent. Hanc crediderim occaflon^m fuifl^, fcrjbendi
iterum ad Caefarem de ordin^nda RepubUca ; qua de rej^ cogitare fcr

(a) Schol, tn Sat. 11. Lik» 1. Horatiu (b) Cap. 5. ^ ^ (O Sueto- ^
nivisde illujir, Gramm» eap. 15.

(d) Cicer, in SalluB, cap. 6. (t) ^. C. ^. xlix. Id* r^ VIJ* (f) A% C^
i/« X !• ^y i X • (g) H irti U8 49 BeU Ahxand. cap . 1. y t .

X a CRISP I SALLUSTjI

lio non potiut, nifi ppftvi6liim Pompejum. Antea c^m&^m SdUufr
tiusy Caelare hondum 5n Macedoniam profefto, vigenteque bello^
multa monnerat, ea de re, in Eptftoja, quae n. Oratio |>erperani
iiicitur,' ubi de Jif. 5z^/o & L. Domltlo'^ quafi viventibus loquitur,
cum Blbulus mortuus fit ante pugnara Pharfalicam, '& Dbmitiiis ex ea
fugiens interfeftus. Sed; in altera Epiflola, in qua de BfeHoi qua{i
confe^o, lo(jultur, rem camdem it^rum aggrftditui*. It£(que, qui
prior efl, eam oporteret eflTe pofteriorem, quod etikni fjfrfum ejus,
quae pofterior «ft, prooemium fatis oftendit. . . . •

Antequam autem Caefar cohtra Scipionein, Pompeji fdc^rum, in
Africam iret, anno U. Ci^DCCVii. quoCaefar iterum DtiJ^itor iuit,
M. Antonius Magifter Eqiiitum, Praetor fadlus t^' SaUufiiits \ qui
honor videtur hon tam monitorum de Republica ordinanda, quam
turpium adulationum iis admiffarum pfaemiitm fuifle.' Ai Salluftio
'propemodum fatalis fuit'; (a) cum enim eflet in Campanizi, apud
CaefarianoS milites, riioj^: in Africam tranfmittendbs, niotaque ab ii?
eflet feditio, quam fruftra. compcfcere tentavit,*'^b iisferme eft inter-
feftus. Quin etii^m cum Romam' ad Cafefarem coiitenderet, , ut hat:
de re cert4orem faceret, infequuti eum eom^Iuresmilitum, bbvios
quofqueocdderuht ; ipfum, ^fi adipifci' pbfiTent, e medio fublaturi.

Caefar vero, placatis militibus, ftib l?riMh«imin Africam, cum parte
exercitus, trajecit, fecumque Saliuftium duxit; quem, paucisdiebu^
poftquam- adpuliffet, cum penuria anndn-ae preiheretur^ (&J ad^Cer-
cinam infulamj quam adverfarii tenebant, cum parte navitim, ire
juflit, quodibi ihagnlim numerum irumenti effe audiebah (c) Ejus
adventu C. Decimius Quseftorius, qui ibi cuM grandi famifiae fuse
praefidio pr^erat commeatui, parvulvim navigiifm na6lus confcendit,
«c fe fugae commendavit. Salluftius interim a Cercinatibus receptua,
magno numero f rumenti invento, naves onerarias, quarum ibi fatis
magna copiafuit, comptevit, atque incaftraad Caefarem mifit. Quid
aliud in eo telldgeflerit Satluftius^ nemo prodidit,fed fidelerti ac ftrei.
nuslm operara Caefari navaffe, ex praemio intelligere eft.^ {d) An-
110 cnim U. C. Dccvii. confe6to^Africano belloj /"^j Caefar eum iit
Numidia recepta, verbo quidem adminiftrandae provinciae caufa, re,
ipfa autem expilandae, pro Praetore reliqUit. Itaqiie dona'multa
Salluftius accepit, multa rapuit, Romamqu« deinde reyerfus, cum a
Numidis accufaretur, maximam infamiam retulit; qubd cumlibrbs
fcripfifret, in quibus copiofa & acerba oratione inve6his erat in eos
qui ex provinciis quaeftum feciffent, rebus ipfis quod fcripferat noii
exprefnflfct. N^ (f) tamen caufara diceret, (g) feftertio duodecies
cum Casfare pa6lus eft, fi credimus perfonato Ciceroni, Graviflimus
certe Hiftoricus Dioy prodidit eum, licet a Caefare dimiffum, fuis
ipfius fcriptispercnnem infamiam fibi creafTe, quod vita ab iis prorfus
aiflentiret.

Ea praeda, (b) qui raodo ne paternji^ra quidcm domum redimere
poterat, repente tamquam fomnio beatus, hortos pretiofiffimos, qui

(a) ExDhnelAh, xlii.

(hj Hirtius de Bello Afric. cap. viii,^ (c) Ibld, cap. xxxiv.

(d) J,C. N.xLvu (e) Dion, Llb. XLiji. (f) Cicer, In SaKuft, cap. 8,
(g) Nonageftes milUJf. eoque amplius*

(h) CiLer, ht Salluft, cap, 8«

Salluf

V 1 r A. xi

Y«J Saliujilam, ab ejus nomine, difti funt, villam Tibiirtinam, &
aliaspofleffiones fibi comparavil.

(^uaratione, vitam pollea traduserit Sallufims, Veteribus tacen-
tibus, nobis iion liquet, Credibile eft ornandie doraui, exftniendis
villis, deliciifque undiquaque fibi parandis occupatnm fuifle ; iia ut
faluberrimis prjeceptis, qu* in Hiftoriis tradideral, exemplo fuo,
vim pondiifque detrahere pergeret. De ejusorationein Ciccroaent, Sc
Cictrtnis in Saltufiiu», nihil addam ; quia, licet anliqua; fint, nec
infra Ecvum Tiberianum, animi cauia, a Rhetore quopiam confiftas
nemo amplius dubitat,

Septuagefimo itatis anno, fato funflus eft, quadriennjo (b) ante
bellum Afliacum, hoceft, anno (c) V. C. dccxix. S, Pompejo
& S. Carnificio Coff. Vir fane fuit memorabilis, fi Hiftorias ejiis fpec-
tes; quK, fi nimium antiquioris ftyli ftudium exeipias, nulljs aliis
poftponend:e funt, principemquc locum, intei Romanos Hiftoricos,
eliam judieio Vcterum, ei pepererunt. Nec brevitatem ac effica-
ciamfingularem diftionisdumtaxat laudant, led eliam veritatisfta.
diumi quod ita inlelligendum, ut dealiis ioquenlilideshabeatur, de
fe ipfi nihil credatur nifiquod re ipfa comprobatum eft. Facilocredo,
cnm fe Reipublic^longomvaledixiJeputaret, (d) Conjiliam ei nrnifu-
ijfc, ul ipfe dicit, Jacvrdia aique dejidia bonum ciiun cnBtererc, niqut
vere, agriim alende ac •venando, fm/ilibus officiii inienlum, atalem
egife, fed honeftiorbus ftudiis & lcriptionibus operam dedifte, At
necoblitum delicianimac voluptatnm opinor; quibus& puer &ado-
lefcens & fenex, quafi Sirenihus quibufdam adhicfit : nec, ut pulo,
dum Hiftorias, florcnte Ktate fcriptitaret, runeium remifit.

Idem fecit, quod (c) plerique Philofophorum, difentmm in con-
•viciumfuum, gufiiji audiai in a-variliam, it li&idiiiem, im amiiiioiunt
feroranus, indicium fnfeffes futes, adeo redundant ad iffos malediaa in
fablicum miffal Interea ejus Hiftoria, ut ceteris omnibus, utamur
oportet, quippe qux non minus gravia ac utilia pnecepta, exempla-
que continet, quam fi fcriptor fanAitale morum piilcos omnei fupe-
raflct.

(a) De iis vidt Fam. NiHinom r.(, Rtm^ lib. 'n. op. 7. (b) rU,
Mufib. in Ckrtn. (c) A. CS. XXXI. (d) CtnJMt. tUtU.t*i. iw.
(1) Stat<:»ifad Laaatl. Ufc. ln.t.p. 15.

II I I I 1 1 I ' ' t '» ^

B I S SERTATION

VPOK THE USEFULNE^^S 0<F

T R A N'S L A T 1 ^ N ^

O F

Ig^u: Miih&rii^ ioth iiteral and fiee^

L A 'T IM . T O .N'G U 'E, •

««kiganExtraafromthe E5SAY UPON ,EDUCAT10N,
'aiid other Booksy put>lilhed by^Mr. Clarkb, iate School-Mafter
of-ifulif Ijut very rauch cnlarged with «forther Thoughts upon
^he^Si^jefty iiusibly dlflfered «o Ihe Cohfideration^of the Leamcfdy
in' order tooa l^eformation of ^die vulgartKf^thod of rproceediog in
<9raimnar-School8y as to thatimpertant Arlide Cf Edueationi tkc
^TeaiclmgoithtLaitnToftgue.

^^ Youebin our Gntftmiar-Schobls, vvHl fee Caufe to
VfdnScr, tbat MiidR ^flie noHe ^Jndcavours for the Advance-
tnent 6f Leamhig, 'a ri^t Bfethcfd of Education has been in
a^maiitter whojly^ bverlookcd. Whilft thcGreat Mcn in the
Ccteimon-weaith bf Lettcrs have*bBetrbufily ^nd fucccfsfuUy
employcd, ftiimptovingand carryingonthefcvcral Arts ana
SclCncc^, tiiey havc ne|le6ted ^hat -was cqually neceffary, thoe *
Gare of Youtfi. Forhad tKis bcen as diiiy attcnded to, »b
the Im|K>rtance dftheMatterrcqmred, thefar Labours would
haVe ' beto of far ^more Ufc to the World. Qrammars and
Ndteis tipon Authors *we have in Abundance indced, and
morc^by far than are good ibrany thing; yet tliefe whcm
th^ are ttfcful,i4re only fo jto fuch as ^have madc^a confidcrabk
Progrcfs 'in thc Latin l'ongue. But B^nners have facen
fcft ^hblly without any proper Helps, till of late fome few
have bccn provided for them, by one engaged in the laborious
And troublfcfome Employmcnt of teaehing School, v«:ho
confecpiently had both lefs Time, and lefs Eafe of Mind
fcr that Work, 'that many othcrs bettcr qualified to pro-
fiiote -a rational Mtthod of Educartion amonsft us, had It

pleafed

f XIV 3

l^leal^d thcm to tum their Thoughts to the Subjcft, and puffl
the Matter, by fupplying our Schools with proper Books
for the Purpofe. But the Leamed, it feems, have thought
Things of tnis Kind bclow their Notice. Thefc was raore
Credit and Fame to be got by writing for Men than Chil-
dren, and thereforc thelatter have been fti^angely negle£ied.

As the Courfe of Life L was feveral, Years cngaged in, obli-
ged me to tum my Thoughts this Way, I have lon^ fincc
publiflied my Sentiments upon the S,ubje(a:, in a Treatife un-
der the Title of an EJJay upon the Education of Touth in
Grammar-Schook. What I have there faid, and elfewhere, up-
«n the Ufefulnefe of Tranflations for thc cafy cxpeditioiiis
AttainmentofthcLatin Tongue, I have thought fit todraw
togethcr under ome View,' but mudh enlarg^d with further
Thoughts upon th^ Subjecl, in order to tura more efFe<aual~
ly the Attentioii of ^he Publick to a Matter of fuch ^ great
and general Concern.

' Translations are of two, kinds, or there are two
Ways of tranflating Authors for tlie Ufe of Schools, thc
m& Literal or Verbal^ in which the Latin is rendcred inta
Englifh Word for Word, orthe Senfe and Megning of every
Wordinthe Original is ^vcn in the Tranllatioh ; the pthef
Free and Proper^ wherein Rcgard is only had to the Senfe,
whLch the Tranflator endeavours to expf^efs in the mpft juft
and handfome Manner, withput pretending to give the pre-
cife Mcaning of evcry indvidual Word, as in the Literal or
Verbal Way. Now both thefe Sorts .of T^^nflations; arc
fo highly and apparently ufefiil, for the ready Attainm^nt
of theLatin Tongue, thatit is rcally amazing the World
ihould not long fince have been fenfible of it \ and it is yet
morc amazing, thatafterfo muchhas be^n faid upoti the Sub-
jc<£i, and Tranflations too of fevcral Authors piovidei fbr
the Ufe of Schools, to which ^o Exccption has bcen taken,
as ill done, that ever I could I^ear ; yet a great inany of . our
Maftcrs ftiould fliew fo ftrong an Averfion to what is fo ma-
nifeftly calculated for their £afe, at the fame time it i$.fit->
tcd for the greater Improvement of Youth under their Care^
In order to open the Eyes offuch, if poflible, upona Matter
fo much for their Quiet, Intereft, and Credit, J have thought
fit to prefentthcm wlth^this Difllertation, I fliall therefore
fpcak diftinftly to the Ufcfulnefs of Translations, both
Literal and Free. And firft of the LiteraL

When Boysfet forwardin the reading of Authors, there
arebut three ieveral Ways for them to proceed in. i. By

thi

»

ihc Help of a Maftcr to conftruc their Leffons to them. 2^
By the Help'of aDiftionary. Or, 3. By that of Literai
Tranflations. '^ • '

L Asto the firft, our Schools arevery few ofthem pro-
victeS with any More than twd Mafters ; in which Cafe it i«
Impbffible for a Man that has three or four Clafles to takc
care-bf, to givethat Attendance to them all, in the Way of
cohftruing their Leflbns to the*m, as to.keepthem employed
a ihAtA part <yf the-Time they have to fpend in the School.
For it is not fuffiei^t for a Mafter to cbriftrue- Bc^s a Leflra
once over from Beginhing to End, in a Hurry (as is ufual, I
believe) and foclearhis Handsof them, in Expcftation th^
ihotildferve the T\irn,'by keeping them properly employedi
arfd he bfe i>o mbretroubled with them for his Afliftance upoa
thatLeflbn. Alas! this will fignify juft nothing at alh If
'he;would aflift thetn to any Puypoiei he mufl: go over eadt
FcSi^ of a Leffon dtftiniily and flowly by itfelf, more than
onte^ and-then try theBoysin«it oiie afterfeftother, helping
•th^nfl out, wheft*he finds thein faulter, or at a ftand ; and
1161 advancing fiiitheri *till the floweft of them are prettjr
perfia in what*theyaf& upoii.' But then whilft he is thus
cri|ag6d ■wkh one^Clafs, the reft for want of-Help, wffl
iave little or nothing to do, but^gape aaid ftire about then^
if they be not worfe eftipteyed. 'Befidesi this is fuch a Piece
Of Drudgery, as few Mafter$, • I believe, will have any gp^
Storoach to. Forwhere tbe Ufe of Tranflattons kr^lEkdAi
and the Mafter^s Lungs zfQ to'&pplythe Want of them, hc
in regard to his iwn Eafe, and>' to fave his Breath, is apt to
make very fliort Work of it, by fetting the Boys but verf
iittle Leflbns,notra: third, orntot a-fourth Part? of- what
they might eafilyget, and 10 gteater Perfedion, by the
rielip ofia Literal Tj?anflation, wthout giving hira any
Trouble at all. Two Thirds then of their Time at leaft
fnuft be fpent in fauntenng, or trifling ; and therefore this
Way of proceeding will not anfwer the Defign propo-^
fed, or prodiice the defired EffeSt, the fpeedy Progrefe of
Youth in their Bufinefs. ..

IL As to the Ufe of? a Di<aionary. ThatWayisyet
more improper than the fotmer. Young Boys are but very
awkwardat finding Words in a Diftionary, which Work
will confequentJy make a fad Confumption of their Tinrte,
a fingle Word requiring as much as willfuffice them forthe
getting two or three Lines perfeftly to conftrue by the-Help
of a Liter^l Tranflation. '. And then what a tedious whik

muft

Hiuft thfly be m g«tti^. fo idw^ K|i«i tp. cQKiftctw^ thf
tJfe of a Didionary, whcrg they i»ay bavQ^ Oc^iQP^ ^
xnuft often happen, tolookouthalfaPozen Wor4$oi>5@i9i|e
fof thatPurpo^ ? Does i^ot tbci^Al^i^ditrjf oi fuQh a Med^od
of Procecding flare the Reader ia ^, F^ ? An^ JwyK ic^a
Gentlemen be eaiy ia h^ing ^w SpnR qinri«d Qtt ift a W^
fe i3Qianifeftly trifling ? vfUdk wai.a|p^r yot mcw fo*. whi»
k is confidered, that Young Boys can indeediliiake Wt \\^^
Ufe of a Diftiowyj, fo«" W^t of Softfe to «Jiftif^pi^fti^
^ongft the vario^s Signi&atiQna many Word^t haye,. ^ch
as ajT^ proper fbr theii Pui^^ofe 5 opt tg fay top, tfea^ tbt b«jSt
pi^UoQaries wiU in tWf q«^q fisequently f;*U thjK».. Ki3^
Juppofe all this wa? otherwife^ yeit hy what Ki&A of Q^*
j^uraticMi mufl young. l^a^s, betwixt Tm and Fcwi?*ec8^ W-'
f^^vel tbat perplexed Qrdftr of Words in tbe Latin Tong)«« i
Tbis they can i^vey (to^ giv^ them what Ioft3m£HQnft yau
miU for it, HUl tbey qome to bave a pm^ gener^ Kj^iQW-
krigeafWord^j fogithat uppn readioga. S«nten^on«e.or
twjqe ilowly aia4 ^tentivdy wer, tbey eitfeer difcover tb^
Swfe, or cQm« pwtty aear it. • Tha* ^teoe, and not any
ISir^aioas youi gan gy^ Boys.fo : Yowg, ^l «a&able tbim.tt)
u?if avel the intriqate Order Words u&illy have intbi^ Lati»
Tongue. N<)w Juiter^tTranflatioiip dareSfc them imm<9di*-
?i^y fep tb^ Order. 19 whiqh Woi5d« smt0 be,tak©n, «ndmt
tbe fam§ time imWdia^dy fupply them witli tlie Meaniag
of luch Words as tbey wwt to kaow the Meaoing af, AH
tJatha^b^enfoidupq^tbis.Hcad^ appearstonais foVery, ovi-r-
4ent and inconteftaW^ tbkt fwmy Part l fee not baw it
can b^ cjifputed by any on^.

IU. , Thbrje is then no> otber propeac Help feft for young
i/^s in the reading of Aiitbors, for the finft three or four
Yi?gr^at l€?ftof theifibeingat School, but tbat of Liier^
Tranflatiffm.

J^uT perhaps it may be ^ledged (for ibm^e I have known
weak enough to make the AHegationj ' That the getting^
* tbeir Leflbns by a Di(9ionary fixes ihe Meaning of Wpijds
^ better in the Memory of Boys, thaDt the Ufc 6f Tranfla-
< tions,' To which I anfwa:,. ^pofing x% pra(3icabljB,for
ywng Boys togejt their Leflbtis by the Help of a D»fHonat-
ry, which I have ft^wn it is not> yet doies thc toffing over
the Leaves of a Dv^nary to find a .Word^ eontribi^e ta
^ tbe Meaning of it, when ibund, in thie Memory ? If fo^
thc longer Boys ai^ in. findiog a Woxd, tbat i$, tbe ksnger
tliey aBC c'er they comc zt th?. Senfe of a Wprdj da^beiteif

they

^^cy . vftll rcmcniberit. Whichis as tnuch astofity,. tihat tfac
lefs Bufuaels they dp, ±he greater Pragrefe.thcy will make.;
whidi I fear is too .ridiculous to p;afs with.any, J)pdy. The
tunung over-the Leaves of a Didion^, 'ti^ cvident, can
%nifynOrnsLoi:e tothe Purpofe, than tiietoffing:ojf,aBallft lOr
the knocking down >of Ndne-Eias. Whati^ j? ^hen .that is
of Ufe for jfixing the Meaning.of .a WjOKd ia thejMcmory ?
^Tis plainly iK>^ng but fbeing ix, in thl^ D\€ti^g^^^nd no^
peatiivg it over.and over fjg^in., A^^d js therp<^9.Y *hing qf
Charm in the Name of a DiSionary, thfit ,^l>^^/-iqsing the
Meaaing of a Word in a'Tj:anflajti6n xunningritnr^ Golumn
along witih.thexOr^ginal, joincdTwith ,lliie iijte R/|pe$itipt> <^
it, uu>uld SLOt produoe, tbe fame ESoQij and conduce as
,much io fixit in the Jrferpory ? There^dii^ga Wordthree
or four^ Ximj^ vvxx in ;a,fDi£tionaryv you fay, ^l dociake a
&:ong ijstjj^^^^^fioa the Mind^ WiU.not readkfig the fan^
Word as oiftea wer in ai^ other Bopk, ^mdcsr aay other De;-
nominatiqn, ,pit>du^e thip like impreilipfi^ Ifr^Wt, it i]^]l^
k^ becE^e tbe Leaf c^ a DiiSlionary, as fuci^ »has foi^e
ftrdng^ bey^iAc^ngVirtuf ^ it, .a poM^er..of ^pfeiiiatiHg i^ipoa
the Mi^4t^^d affediii^ it^ which ^e L^ pf noorhcr
Book; can j^tpllibly have.- — 'Rifum temfi^s. ^ . .. . • *

I HAV-Eiikewift^eardh^Jedgeds 'frhatAeilJl^of Tran-
' ilatioQS 'wiJL^mak^ Boys idle >'; ^n AUeg^fton mpi;e;ridicu-
iou^ if ^poflibi^ f han the formei;. A» Boy^ ^ufinefs is by
tiie Ufe of-lfnu^flatiqr^s nender^d vaftly ipare eafy tojt^eii^
if their-Taik-pr LdTonisincreafcd in P^opoi^tipn, as itiougb^
to ,bqi/bp>^,is .tib^€5.aay*pncour^emeat giveny.or^Uowanee
mad% fpr Jdl^nefc ?• Trgnflations arc deiigned .tp aijfifl: Boys
injgftting.their Leffims onty, not in faying theraLto the Ma-
.fl:er. . li> Ihis tattcr Crfc the»'Tranil?tions are to be under
clofe pofser,4iihat j-by , ther Manner of tiie- ♦Boys - acquitting
themiclvf^ ttie Mafier;inay have Proqf of tbeir Di%cnc^
or dae cpntiary . utoid if ihe fa»mc Metbods are taken. to en-
courage Induflcy, and idifcourage Idienefs, where Boys at^
helped by a Tranflatioh, as where they have. the help of a
M^erj orareJeft to theXIfe 6f a Diftionary, why fliould
they not have the .&meEfFe£t? If Sygar-Plumbs, fruit,
Play-thii;)^, or Halfnpeiice, wdU make Boys attend diligentiy
toldieli^mdions of arMafter, or thrum their Didionary
heartily^ will they not pperate as ftrongly to make Boys
dil^ent in thc Ufe of a Tranflation ? Ot, if Correftion
be neceflTary, why fl:iouid it not work up a Lad to Indufl^r}',
as well vvkerehe hastthe Afliflance of a Tranflation, as where

[ c ] he

• V

[ xvm > J

he has not ? WiU a' Tranilation mafcc him thicker feinned,
or lefs ienfible-of Pain ? O rem ridiculam^ Cato^^etjochfam!
It is therefore a very fenfelefs Thing to pretend, that TraA-
flations ^viH make Bbys idte. 0ne Way to encotrr^e them
tiD,indiaffiry'isi''to m4ke tKeir 'Bufinefff eafy and pleafcint to
thfem; whichTranflationS certaftnlydo: And therefore are' a
vifibleMeah's;ri6ttoniak(5;therh idle, but induftrious. Wher^-
as^in the vulgar Methbd of 6ur*Schools, 'Boys find it imprac-
ticable to, do their Bufinefs taCofitent, ahd foare ofteritifnfes
rendered defperately idle, as beingconvmcedby frequent and
^oful Experiehcie, that *no Pains^ hp Ihduftry they can ufe,
wU avail^to fecure them effetSuaHy froih the Lafli'. " . ^

These- Obje^ions againft the yfeof Tra^^ation» have
not however hindered, but that 'Traftflation^ ^"have beeh
-thought fo hccefiary'for the eafy and Ipeedy Attammeht of the
Gi*eek Ti>ngue, that for above thefe himdredand Jifty Years
laft paftj-no Authbrs^n that Language havc fceen publiflied
without them. This might,^ ohe would think, havenatu*.
rally led th6* World to the Purfuit of the fame^Method, A
leaff with the eafier Aiithors of thcLatih Tongue' for the
Ufe of Schools. For muft it hotmecds appear to any conw
fiderate Man a little*unaccountable, thatTfanflations^flit^uld
be thought ufeful and neceffaty for Meti or elder Boys, in
order to their more eafy and fpeedy Prbgrefs' in''the' Gree^
Tongue, but neither necefliLry nor ufeful for ybunger Boys,
m the Attainmieht of the Latin ? Is it agreeable to Reafon
or dommon Senfe, to fuppofea Boyof fixAe^n or fevChteen
Years pf Ageftands in need pf a Tranflation, to aflift him
in reading bf Greek, but that a Boy of ten Pr twelve may
do his B«finefs in the Latin Tongue efafily and expeditioufly
enoughHvi^hout any^fiich*Help?- Ifasa-Child-of that Age
more Senfe fbr tlte confultin^ and ufinga L?ttm DIQ^ipiiary,
than he ha^ for makfhg ufcof a^ Greek^Lfexfcbh, cWhiri hfe is
■arriVed afeioft^at tlie Years^ of Manhodd ? •And Sl^t forry
Work would Boys make of it, if^-upori ehtering the Greek
Tefl*ament, they ftiould be denied the Ufe of ' a Latin Tef-
tament, to help them ih gettihjg their Leflbns, and be obli-
ged to pick the Meaning of their Words out of a L€*icon?
Every body can fee the Abfurdity cCfecTi a Manner oTpro-
ceeding iri this Ihftance, and would -be forward enough to
<:ry out agaihft any Mafter that ftiould be guilty of it, And
-yet the like -Abfutdity committed in the teaching of the La-
tin Tongue goes glibly down, and pafles for the moft proper
V/ay of proceeding. Now what is i|: that difpofes Men to

make

r xix • 1 ,

make fo wide a DifFerence, where there is ijont at aBin:. tjie
Nature of Thing^ ? Nothing but Cuftom, the great Rule :
that moft Men ufually go by in the moft important Affairs "
of Life, without confulting their Reafon at all. Very few
have the noble Freedom of Mind to examine Things ftri<9:-
ly and impartially, in order to make the Refult of fuch Ex-
amination the Ruie of their Conduct. The Generality chufe
to fave themfelves that Trouble, by going with the Hcrd,
qua itur^noH^qua eundtm ^^ as s^ Great Man amongft th^-
Aatients words himfelf iipon Occafion of making the famef
Remarkjjf my Memwy fails.^ne not. -

As for th^Hebr^ To^gue;» to facilitate the learning o£
that, Arias Montanus long firice publiftied the Hebrew Bi- '
ble wiith aninterlineary Verfipn, fpr wliich, I doubt not,
fuch as apply themfelves to the ,Study of the liebfiew.Lan->
guage, are thankful to his Memory > at-Ieaft they have ai
great deal of ReafoUvI amfure, haying recciycd inyfelfa,
greatdeal of Benefit from.the-Ufe of it in learningthat Lan-,
guage. And Mr. Locke was fo fenfible of the- v^aft Help tq
be had from Literal Tranflationsj that he did-notthink it
belowhim to publiih Mfop'^ Fables in thg fame Form a^
Montanus did thC; Hebrew Bibicj wi,th an intei}in^ary,Verii- •
on. I grant indeed that Way of publiftiihg . AvthQrs witb
the Tranflation fo intermixed wi^h the Origia^Ij is nof pro-j ^
per for Schopls. But howey^rwhat.tbQjfc t^/Jo.Gentlemen
didin that Way, fhews fuffi<^ic^tly their Qpinipr^.of the Ufe-
fulnefe of Literal Tranflations. , Ai^d tlie, latter,*Mr* Locke^
thought fo wcll pf. them,. that; he.declares in his,jB^^ rf Et'
ducation Mothers may by the Hclp of them tcach .their
Sons the Latin Tongue themfelvesj if they.pleafe:: What-^
cver Stir^ fays he, there is^ ynade about getting cf.Lqtin^
his ;(a young Gentleman's) Mather may teach 4V.hi7nher-f^^.
ifjhe will, but fpend two or three ^Hours in a>Dayf<M\fhlfni>
and tnafie him read tbe Ev^ngelijis in Latin to^hery * -Eorfhei
need but huy a Latin Tejiament^ ^^d having^got fome-j^dy to
7nark. the laji. Syllable.but on^y inWorjk rf a):7qye two Sylla-c
bles, (which is enough to regulate her Pronunciatlon)- read^
daily in the Gofpels^ and then^ let^ her avGtd underjianding
them in Latin^ ifjhe can. ^And-when fncunderjiands the
Evangelifis in Catin^ let her^ in the fame Manner reqd:
Ri^'^ s^Fables^.and fo '^procecd-.Q^ to Eutropius, Juftin, and^
othe.r fuchrBooks, 1 do not]'tneniicn this as an Imqgination
ifiwfxai l fancy may do^ hut as (f a Thlng I have k^^own
dqney andrthe Latin Tongue xvith Eafe goP this Way,
..•.■■■■■ ■ i C2 ] , - Tp

%

C xn ]'

Td cbnclttde, th&Vk oi Lkercd Trmjlaticm has rlo Dif-
fieulty ilrit,- employs' nothing but Mera(ory. The Boys
httve proper Words all ready ^t hand^ without the tedious and
oftentimesfruitkfsLabourofhtinling ^d^porirtgin a Dic-
tionary, 0* tiiat of troubling their Mafteror School-felloiw»
fol^tfeem»; and fo gp- fmooSdy forward^ without 2my Rtibs
11* tiieir Way, or Lofs of Time, and with a great deal of
S^tisf^ion to find their Bufincfs^ fo vciy eafy. And I fhall
vferituret^^fey, what I bdieve fewMen of Scnlfei that will
b«!t duly cbnfider >^hat has been feidabovci wiligaanfay,That
a Boy by the Help of Literd Tranflations would make a
bctter Prbgrefe in the Lftftguage in cJne Year, than without
them he could do in tJiree or foui».
. NoR are Literal Tranflations- of Latin Authors ufeful
only for the lower Forms of a Schooli but likewife fbr the
higher, or fuch as can Tcadthem pretty wdlj without any
^ fnch Help, as well to- brihg them to a more compleat Ac-
quaintance with themj in the mofl^ expeditious Manner,' as
likewife to a- Readinefs in the writing and fpeaking of proper
Latin, by reading the Tranflation into the original Latin of
the Author. Conftant Converfation in Latin with fuch as
talk it- well, would indeed be of great Ufe for that Purpofe.
But thcn very little can be done in that way at School. For
toconfine Boystothetalking of Latin amongft themfelves,
befbre they have attained any tolerable Skill in the Language,
is abfurd, and a Means to prevent their ever fpeaking or wri-
tingit well.* If Boys are to be fo confined, they ought to
be conftantly attended by a good Maft»', to helpthem outxip-
on a!l Occiafions, by furniftiing them with proper Lan-
guage. ^ Btit this is manifdlly imprafticablcj where there are
but two Mafters in a School, br, as is oftentimes the Cafe,
but one. A ready and prbper Ufe of the Latin Tongue is a
Matter of veiy great Difficulty, and never to be attained by
Boys talkingbarbaroufly amongft themfelves ; if it is at all
attainabte at School. For my Part I never yet knew fo much
as one Inftance pf its being^attained there, in any School that
has come within the Reach* of m,y Obfervation, or indeed
any thing like it. Nay I have talked with very ingenious
Men, of uncommon Leaming, and bcfides Perfons of con-
fiderableExperiencein that Way, who looked upon the bring-
ing Boys at School tb any thingofatrueandgenuineLatin
StilewhoUy impradicable. Now, tho' I wifl notafiirmtfaisi
yet I muft be allowed to fay, it is a Matter of very greatDif-'
ticulty, infotiiuch that I greatly qucftioii, whcther any Me-
• .. • . - ,-thod

i: 3fid ] : :

tbdd that can ^*t^S^ witH them) mU be found g^erally
fuceefsfiil^ in any^^fes^nable Time, beMes^kis I hererecom-
niend. AU the GraiHmar indeed necdi&ryfor the Purpofey
may eafily betaughtfthaxi: Butwhen thatisdoney the Main
o( the Difficulty i» iMll' behind, as ev^ one muft be fenfible
that knows much' of Ae Latin Tongue» A ready Ufe of
proper Terms^ and of proper Phrafes, or Forms of Expref*
fion upon allOccafionSj feema t^udlyattiainable in any re^n-
afele Timei or the^ Ibngcft Term of tiie Continuanfee of
Bbys" at Gratnmar-Schools^ but in tfae M^thod I propoik.
This, I fay^ v«U bc the mpft ready expeditious Mcthod that
can4)e takm, at Sehool however, to famifti the Mind with
a Plenty of Words j and a Variay of Phrafes and Expreffions
foi' the fame Senfe, and that wimont any Danger of Error,
which the Ufe of DiSionafies aaid Phrafe-books wouW be
atttended with. For none indeed can receive any great Be-
neft firom them foi: that Puipofe, but fuch as are good
Judges ih tbe Latin Tongue, and well acquainted with the
Idiom thereof already.

LITERJL Tranjldtions Boys are to begin with, and af-
ter they have gone through fouror five A^i3iors, in tfie Me-
thod- of reading fuch Tranflationsinto the very original La-
tin of the Authors^ they are to be advanced to free mAelegant
Tranflations. Twoot thrce dF the fineft Claffick Hiftorians^
with Terenpe^ and fome of the Epiftles, andothcr Pieecs of
Tutty^ pabliflied with fuch Tranflations, vwuld^ in Conjunc-
tioft with the Claffick Efiftoriansl have ali^^iy publlflied with
Literal Trahflations; be fufficient for the Purpofe of attain-
ihg a ready Ufe of a good Latin Stile, perhapsequal to Con«i
vWation itfelf, if notpreferablc to it, ^rt leaft in one Refpefl
more advantageous, by fiimifliBig the Tyro with better La-
tih for his En^ifli, as oftas l^ewantsit, than any, eventhe
gceateft Mafters of the Latin Tongu^ could hclp him to,
ih' ifite Way of Convetfation. For the great Advantage of
cohftant Converfetion for the A^ainment of any Languagc,
Hes in the perpetual Exercife of the Invention, iri what a
Mim fays himfelf, and the like perpetual Affiftance given to
his^Invention, in theconftant Suggeftion of proper Language
by thofe he converfes with, Now both thefe Advantages are
to fee had fix)m the Metliod of Proceeding here advifed, and
the latth» of them tb a greater Degree pf Perfeaion, than
can be had in the Way of ConvCrfation^ For in cohverfmg
to attainthe Ufe of a Langtiage, the Leamer employs his In-
Vention to exprefs his Thoughts propcrly; hc hunts and cafts
'" ' , about

[r xlair Jj .

atout coqtinuaUy «for' WQrdsanii PlvjafesjtfejiJ mjiv fuit -hi*
Del^gn» If he ^diVers Jiimfelf improperirjiy; or ftijcks ajod
ftammers for w^nt ''of,:>Lan^age,»thofe-h^ vyjth

correct his Improprietiqs, and help him to wharifi^proper,
which,he carefuUy^tt^^d^ to, ai^d repjpa^^s^. it Qigyi>e, two
or three' Times to Jijtfnfelf,; ' tpjm^ke it, fticfc by him, againft
another Occafipft.r Juil fojioo^in siitemping to read a l'ran-
flatiQn- into.Latin, the Learnerftretches his Invention, and
ftudies for.pr<)per Wor^s aiid Phrafeology, vi^. thatofthe
Orlginf^ which he h^s p^r^f^d qarefuUy over, comparing it
Periodby J^"eriod with the Tranflation to jp^epaxc hira for the
Work he^is upon. If he^,cai^r>ot fatisfy himfetf tjberein, or is .
at a ftopx one fingle Cfift o/ his £>yc upon th^ J^atin Column
informs him iq what he wants, which iic read^.with clofe At-r
tentioncoyer and. QV^,^ in ord^r to rcfnember it .againft a re-
peated Perufal of th^ P^ragr^ph or Cbapt^r, 'Fh^s.the In-,
viention i§ as much ejc^cif€i4«and aflliled in this Way of ufing^
Tranflations, as in .Coaverfatior>i. inr^bich Exercife and
Affiftance given to thc Invention lies the whole Advantage tyi
Conv^fetion for theattaining of a Language.. Nay, the
Invention is more fubftantially affifted in the former Cafe..
F,or the Claflick Authors were Men of.the mofteminent
Parts, w,ho writ in their natiye Language, writ at Lejfuce
and upon Deliberation, reviewed and corweffced their Works,»
oyer,and ov^r, rthereby. reduci^ themto fuch an Accura<;y
and Exaftnefs, asno modern-Talker of Latin muft pretend;
to in any Extempqre Effufion, or the Swiftnefs and Hurry
of Converfation. So.tba^ I think^ I.need not feruple to pro-
nounce, that tl\e Way.of ufi^g Tranflations for the attaining
to fpeak Latin,^ whichl here advife, is cv^n .preferable to th&r
beft Converfatign th^ is to be had in that I^anguage. ^. :
BuT Literal Tranjiatims oihdXiti Authors are i>ot.only;
very ufefiil for Boys at School, but Men tpo, efpecialjy.fucfi»
as having got a pretty good Infight into the Latin Tongw^ ^t
School, but through Difufe forgotit in a;great.Meafure, «yre;
defirous to recover it : Which may be. done with a g^at deaj^
of Eafe, by the Help of fuch Books as I have already pub-;^
lifll'd, viz- Cordery, Erafmus^ Eutropius^ FioruSy C. Ne-^
pos^.jujliny Suetoniusy IntroduSiion to the ma^i^ of. Latinj^
a new Grammar ofthe Latin Tongue.- . By. the Help, I fay,-
of thefe already publifti'd, and fome few more of dje Claf^
fick Authors I propofe to pubiifti, partly with Literal, and,
partly with free ,and proper Tranflations, iike that pf my,
Suetoniusy with this of Sallujiy by an !^}<,aip,inaUQn of . vvhich

* ' • Geri-

tf xxiii "] \

Gfentlemcn'rtayjq)dg^?^'whiat th^ flte-td^nexpe^l: frdih me in

at ¥rmJIation of Lii)% ':^Wd4 1 -miy {fcrhaps in time attempt^

•#1; «nd the Pubjitk?dtfp^d tcf/ gfcvis.ETfiG^ragement-.for ,iu

' O^^Hour or- twd mxpip^^m rtadfefti Ckffick Authors ,widi

Trtifcfr-' Tranflltt§nsi 'efiTy^' Dky,^ fbf "iavYear togetheryiWH

&rli1g'G^htleit^ft ^ait^r^igiiorant of rhe Latin Tongvie, to

r^iff Profe witfr^Eafe* khd PleafuVe^ ^^r-which tbe^Poetfe

^^b\['be difficult foi^ theht t6 underf»nd,' by the Helpdf

fiifeh Notes a$ they ^re publiflied with, efpeciaMyWiieri .the

-W^ fhaH be paved fbr them, by a Literai Tranflatioii: ©f t?w

msPs Metamorphbfer, which I have readyfo'iitbit'.Rpefe,Jand

^^{ign fo publifti^with' afl c6Ayi3iiet\t!Speedn-^d th3tii::am.ni5t

wholly without?^ilepes,"itna^v%'^«^ fiooks I havfc puli-
Kfted, tofadlitafethei'eahiVhgdf'thenliddnTongue, have
^orie a Fiece c^aecgptabl^ervrce.txir.fuchGendemen, as
;«rfeitefirotf^of r%|^l4ilig ^rim^t^m^i^e^Mll they had ac*
'c(uSrid at SthoaB Feiv::^ittwh ^eoplei^wiJl lever have thie
PatierKe to haiftttfer:e«ft*wteal5angiiwge as the Latin, by thc
rt^p of aOi^^iofti^yt^^^THttwdoldreqaite more Time than
ariyone irf?a Thcfttfeaidcaa or \ivsitT|f)are. But in this.Way
^f P!t)Geeding,*the-t€gaift'ing, or iaspfoving in, the ^Lai&i
'TTongue, Will .bbt-be-ia new' Kind^fcDive^n, whicKthe
^Wotid has hithmo ' been unacquaii^eAwiA^^ iThe Tim^
<5ent^rtieri need to employ thatoW«ry'is lefi thsfti thofe
cwho^r^f the moft taken iip ' with^Bufiaifte:^ ujftiallyi^end lipon
^hs^ir Plfcafures. \}: ^ .: . ;i ,;:;vsv:;n

- 'I PRQCEED now to treafcicf Frii:mii 'R^if^^Wr/xrflmi^
cns^ wheretn a large Liberty is taken' of departirfgcftom tfas
Letter of the 'LatiTt,'>iiiordcr tt>Mriike'fceiaDftr handfome
proper Englifh. '"Now thegmt fJfefiaJkdfi r of CHaffitJk Au-
thorspubliftied witiv^^fueht Tianfl^fiion^ifefQr: Very apparent^
tKat j wonder no body'hftsr:attdmptidi:^yvftiing otf thisKind
beforq tne. Engfifli iTmiflationsialtdeedJof -miatiy of theni
have^been publiihed by themfclves;' as: beitig defigned, I fup-
pofe, ^purdy «forthe<UiefiJ0f rftichi a^rffe? ignorantiof the La-
tiri Tongue,- by prefenMng^tbicirf^^&r^thfein^I^
' Ain\jifefhenty Withtltttnn > Ettgli-ftiJ :^»lHch.they;couW-iiKit
^me at in the Origic»lv.:wifl[iout any ftirtber View br Inten:*.
tidnit all. Biit then ftch-TranflaiaailSaii^ beofthegrAt
teft Ufe fqr dther impoftant Purprifes, ttpon» account of which
it is hi^Wy cdnveniem tO'have;the^ pubiif^d along wiA the
Origiaals. 'As. ^ "•<' •"■■? - i ■ • •■ ;■ •'. ('•-'•. . ' ■• •,-•'.
L Classick Authorsro pufeliihed wUl bcivaftlylerviceable
for the eafy ahd ^eed IiriprQVemerit-of fuch as havirigDO

great

I ^^ il

great Acquamtance mA tbe Latin Toi!^^ are defiroijis of
attaining a caompetant ikill therein, £o as t^ fead Authoi^ of
all Sorts eafily and famiUariv. I do net faySiat Trai^ti-
cnS) wherein a good deal or Fnbedom -ts taken of departifig
from the JLetter or Wosds of the Ori^nsd) «re st all for tbe
Purpofe of fnch a$ have but little or no Knoiwrledge fof the jLa-
dn TQngue^ to begin with, m ordef te) their jeiffiung oftjtiat
Lan^age. No, Such ougbt in the fiift Place to n»keUfe
lof Ltteml Tranflatibnfi^ 'till th^ have .go^; a fMreity general
Acquatntance with Wqrds; amr which itbey .m^y 1^04:^
to fuch as af e Free and PrQper, >by the Help wbei^f they
will read an Attdioriibbflantiidiy 'Over in a fQurthPartof itibue
Timethey coidd do wtfimit, tto^fpeak witilfcin Coqipa&. :

U. Th£ publiihing of Cbffick Au&hocB wfith pfoperjan^
handfome TranflationB, will he mrynconx^menit for^pi^
that are defurous to.attain a F^aouhy -of imAng and .^pe^^c^
Latin with Prcqpriety .and JLotdinefs. The wjiy willi^^^itp
aread the Origifaal, -andTratxflatkrtiifigetih^^ 'till thwrcan
neadily render theJatlser Jntottihe Wotdar^jthe cirigin^ Lattii
piecifcly and cxaiftly; Trbebeing^iliUsaCimftQmed to feedai^
Momofthetwo Langnages go cmftaptlyitQgetherj jpped
•with continualiEifibrts foCjrand^ingtiiQjCWiby ,iihe o.th^jWiH
snake the Idioth' /of. tdae Latm- TongtAe^ilffnoftfas &^^
to theMindas thatofthe finglifli. And I ihal} beboW:^
fay, that this is ifar b^ohdCTcry Tiung^rilfr thajt oanbe di]4ie>
at School however, for the eafy and ready Attainmentof.^
good LatinrStile.. Butupcm fixi^.Foint I hftve^enlai^edfiifii-
ciently abote. . -. w :/:: : i - . ' :• . .

.. in. ANqTH«k Ufc*thatinayben»d^<)fCl2rfrickAwti|o^
(b pubUflieS, ts for daciealy quick Attamxpeni pf a good Eb-*
glifli Stile. i And the Way tteretoxi» «^hecerag^in fqr a Perfijf^
to compaie theOri^nBl.and.Tjianflaticm together, 'tjll he
is able to cender theLatin.Xext vsry re»dily into.the precife
Words of-the Tranflati^n. What w^fiyl St^ff d^,,^ys:»t
School, for wani of this . He^ uftsally- jfender^the ClafiM^^
Amthors into, in ihe cimihuiiEig of jdb@^ ByWhich

we may eafriyraccoitttt for what;foin&iJiiivebl^f€ff\^..{Mr?
Lvs]k£aTid thQ' Spechitir^'i£ STKy Mtnx^ Kite not) tiwt
Men educatied toLefeters^ who havethr^hed hard at La^
for nine or ten Yearstogether, are ofi»ntimes very defieient
in their own Lai^aage : And no wonder. : For hofw (hould
thofe who have, ror fo many Years together at Schooj^ been
fo inmch inured to ' vile barfaaroias Language, ioe ^bk to ' deli-
9erthemfeIve&in:mii£hbettejr>*withany£reatJEIafeior Rea-
1, : dinefs

■tfifteft. ItljUlls'ta)te«P<*fe(9nerimevCTy Thli^.Mafikhid
have Occafiortto leara in otder to praafce. Andtherrfo»
it is not to be expe^ted, that oor Youth, ^fier thoy have nto
»h*o6gh th*.Oo«rfeoJa Graininar.^choOl» DiobW haveainf
Talent «tt^he-wrkiiigor ^e^inghandfoBOe Englirtr, wiih
smy tafe andFIueneyiiif -they iave ncver beah ufed toany
thu^ ^ that i^d~^% tiut Mtdad thereof, have had the
RdiQiof their Miittd» vMtffad, by a peipetual run 6f knpn)-'
tler bH):batt>tts Laiigiui^ «r DieerGibbffiCh. £ut jn tfae
Wsy ofproceediHg hMe ^idvili^' the C{rie is thc reverft.
The Invention being ' fo conllanriy eKWMfed In Search irf
proper handfome Langu^e, and withai as conftantly aflifted
in the fnsft ^ul:^Btilrf Manner, and prefeotly fet a going
again, in cafe of any Stop or Difficulty, muiii^G^SFender
fuch Language very familiar to the Mind,- .aiSl tftakfc' is^-
cur upon all Occaficais of Writing or Speaking, with grcat
Eafe and Readinefs. In /hort, I fay, this way of ufing frce
' (uid proper Tranflations of Claflic Authors, if fo apparently
of the greatcft and moft cxeellcnt Ufe, for the purpofe o£
writing and fpeaking good Englifh, with £afe and Fluency,
that, in my Opinioii, the Matter can admit of no Difpute
amongftPer'" " ^ - « "ieratioriat all.

The feve to be made of Claf-

(ick Authoi Ith handfomc clegant

TranPationi IsAdvantage itwould

beloourG fome of the choiceft

among their 'ozen fuch tiirown into

our Schools fiould be, would cer-

tainly work is would foon ba very

vifible all t! . ,.,._, . -, - '^ greater and quicker
Improvemenl of Youthin bWn tbe fcanguages of Latin and
Englilh together. Now the Way of cxercifing Boys in
Clwicla fopubliftied, would be, to makethem get three oi
four Leflbns ih the Original to read exa£Uy into thc Tran-
flation } and wh»i that is done, to make them go llie fame
Leflons over again, and get the TranHation lo read as exa^- '
lybackagain, into the original Latin. This (Ilayitagaiht
anddciire the Reader would take Notice of it) will, inmy
OiHnion, be thc moft effe^ual expeditious Method to bring
Youth to an eafy elegant Ufe of both Languages, that can
pofilbly bc taken with them.

I Havb now done with this {mportant Article of Educa-

tion, and I hope, done enough to latisfy any reafonable un<

pcq^udlccd Rcader, o£ thc neccflity of a furtharRefbrmation

t d ] of

t »4*1 j .

DftheViilgar. Meliiod.-of :P«K<R4irg;ii3_-.*iiP.'jS^90ls,;asM
this Parttcular. AU I IhaU fld4. h,. tt)^ifi«3iv;5f^tlciflen a$
-iUte. thc Scntimcnts ddiv^d -in. t{^s lii^_rt?|ior), may, I
■,humblj[ prc&imc.to.hQpe,..find:-niaDS:"S'*r:?^1"3Py agreea-
ble tQ tt^m^ BBcm all the-BRSWhea «f"^ucation, ia my
■ Efay i^n tKe Si*je£t ■ as likewife" up(jn.iaUriiic fii^hw ttf
■X<it«ratures in a Bookl publjlhEd ft)qiB ,Xiipe ag^ UiidEf
-thcTitleof, AnEjJay ,ufsn:^tuBy^vikAtripIi^iSi4t afj
■^ghenforthe due Ctnduil there^^ Mui^i.^kS'm^^^hii"'i^>y
.preperforihe Purpofe^ fonjyitng.af .iSf, c^l^^ Bwi^.fn aB tk'e
'ifeveralPartief Lfarningi ,._.... ,. .,, ."i^j .;. ■,_\---:~i :,."■"

; ■■ '■' i^ ' ■'^'.i ■■ - '-.'"';;' jaH;K!^c'f^'irt

T..Gloce(l^ . ■ \, . .„, ■.:'i vflc 1'i..: : ..;:. •■;

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C, CrISPI SAjLLUStll

Bellum Catilinarium :

■ • S I V E D E

Conjuratione Catilinae.

OMNIS homines jk LL meny laho art difi-

qui fcfe 'ftudent /^ »"»«J *" *'«' o'^"" ««'-

przftafe caeteris -*• ■*■ maU^ fieuld endeavour

animalibus, fumina ope hy all meatu nat ta paft their days

niti decet, nc vitam filen- - in Jdencti Me eattle, vjbich na-

tio tranfeant, veluti peco- lurt bas fsrmed in an inclining

con, 'quje natura prom pafturty and ajlate tf JubjeStinn ta •

atquc ventri obedieniia their btllies, But mr facultiet

finxit. Sed noftra omnis are ef twa Sffirent tindiy Bftht

via in animo & corpore hedy and ihejoul, "Tit tht bu-

fita eft. Aninii imperio, Jinef! of tbe fiul ta eeTBiaand, and

corporis iervttio magis thatvfthe badf to ohey. fheem

utimur. Altcrum nofais ■luehavt in eamman with tbe Gadsy

cum dis, aJterum cum and the ether with brutes, jtnd

bdluis commune cft. therefori. to na it appears more ad-r

Qyo mihi rcdlius videtur, vifeable to purfuegkry by the abi-
ingenii, ' quanl viriurfi' Utiei of the mind, than thofe o"
Opibus gloriam quserc- the body ; anfi Jince the UJe w

, &, quoniam vila enjoy, is but Jbort, ta makt quf
ipfa, qua fruimur, brevis , taemeries as la/ling as pojjilile in
eft, Q^etiioriam noftri thA worid. The ^hndeur richec

C CRISPI SALLUSTII

cfficefc Natifi divitiamm
c{ formaB gloria fluxa
atque fragilis cftj virtus
clara «tcrnaque habetur.
Sed diu ■ magnum inter
niortales^ ceftamen fuit ;
vine corporis, an virtutc
animi, res militaris magis
procederet. Nam & pri-
us quam incipias, confiil-
to ; &, ubi confuleris,
mature fafto opus eft:
Ita utrumque ' per fe in-
digen^ . ^{ermn alteii^s
auxilio veget.

II. Igiturinitio reges
(nam in terris nomea
imperii id primum fuit)
diverfi, pars ingenium,
alii cofpus dxercebant.v
Etiam tum vita homi-
num fine cupiditate agi-
tabaturr/fUa c\]ique {z^
tis piaqebdnt. Poftea
Wo quam iti Afia Cy-
fU8, iii Qrabcia Lace-
dsemonii ic Athenienfes
cqepere urbes atque na-
tiones fubigerei ; lubidi-
nem dominandl ^aufam
belU habeit; maxumani
glcriani in ihaxumo im-
perio putare: tum de-
tnutrt pericub atque ne-
gotiis '. compertum cft,
in bello plurimum inge-
hium pofle. Quod fi
rcgum atque imperato-
rum animi virtus in pace
ita, ut in bcllo, yale-
tet ; aequabilius atquc
cortftantius fefe rcs hu-.
mariifc bahfercnt: neque

4^ul beauty ytildjT it faiiiig and
fraii\ butviriue is thought ta
give an gverlafling btftre^ Yet
it has been a long time a mattdr of
no fmall debate amdngjf Hfien^
whether. fuccefs in war has more
depended uponjirength ofbody^ or
the abilities ofthe mind. For en^
terprizes of that kind ought not ta
be undertak^n but upon previous
deliberationy arid"' whin refihed
upoTiy ought vigoroujly to he put
in execution. Thus whil/l neither
ofthefi ihings is of itjef fuffei^
ent\ theyfucceedfy ibi pmimiaid
ofeachother,

II. TVhereforein th,e early ages
ofikeworld^ Kings ( for monar^
chyfeems to have been the Jir/f
^^^« yf government amr^Ji men)
fomi ifthem labouredihe improve^
mentoftheir mindsy and others of
their bodies. ^At that time indeed
m^nkind were firangers to cove'-
toufnefs^ every one being content
withhisofwn^ But afierCyrusin
Afta^ and in Greece the Atheniam
and Lacedemonians^ tegun io con-
quer cities andwbole nationsj and
to look upon the lufl tf dminion at
a Jufficient groum of war^ andia
reckon the greaiefi ghry to confift
i^ tbe iarge etctent ^of iheir ^on-- '
quefis ; then it was fiund by txpe-»
riencej that an able head was the
mofi Jepvicable in war. Andif
the great obiiiuts cf Kings ' Hnd
Commander^ preducea iut as good
ejfifis in peace as in War^ ihe af^
Jairs 'of mankind would be in a
much more calm and fettled JJate.
NorJhouU wefee fuch hurly-bur-^
ly^ Juch difiraSlion and tonfufwn
firmd over tbefaci of tbe earth.

aliud

» *'•

BELtUM 'GATILINARIUM.

>•-

aUud alidfi^m^ neque mu-
tari ac mifceri omnia ccr»
neres. Nam imperitim
£ic3eiis artibus retinetur,
qnibu^ imtio partum eft.
Vcrmrr, uH pro labore
defidia, pro continentia
& -aequitate lubidd} atque
fuperbia invafere, fortuna
fimul cum moribus im-
mutatun Ita imperium
femper al optumum
^uemqviea^ minus bono
transfertur. Qux homi*
lic$ arant, navigant, xdi-
^cant, virtuti omnia pa*
. rent. Sed muki morta-
les, dediti ventri atque
fomno, , indo£ti, inculti-
quei vitam ficuti peregri*
nantes tranfiere: quibus
profe£io, contra natu-
ram, corpus voluptati, a-
nima oneri ftiit. Eorum
ego vitam mortemque
juxta aeftumo 5 qupAiam
de utraque filetur. Ve-
rum enimvero is demum
tnihi vivere, & frui anima
videtur; qui, aliquo ne^
gotio intentus, praeclari
facinoris, aut artis bonae
famam quasrit, Sed in
magna copia rerum, aliud
alii natura iter oftendit.

III. Pulchrum eft bcne
facere reipublic»: etiam
bene dicere haud abfur-
dum eft. y el pace vel bel-
Ipclarum fieri licet. Et
qui fecere, & qui feda ali-
orum fcripfere, multi
laudantur. Ac mihi qui-
dem, tametfi haudqua-

Fcr dominion is eafily ^femred hy
thefame arts by which it was firjl
acjuired, But ivhtn idhnefs hat
fucceeded in the ptace of induflry^
and infiead of moderation- an4
equity luji and fride prevaily
then the fortum of apeople chdn^
ges with tbeir manners. And
thus power is ever Jhifting about
from the worfe to tbe better
part rf men ; and the advanta"
ges of plowingy failingy and
buildingj become the perquifttes
of virtue^ But a great many
men who minded nothing but eat^
ing andfleepingj iUiterate and un^
polijhed^ havefpent their doytlike
jirangers in -the. worldy whofe
kappinefsy contrary io naturcy laid
in pampering their bodieSy whil/i
theirfouk were a burden io tbem,
The life and deatb of fuch at
thefe l rechn much the fame^
Jince no notice is taken of eitber.
But be indeed appears to me f^
be truly alinjCy and to enjoy Ui\
who is engaged in fome ufefm
emphymenty a^ endeavours U
acquir^j fame by noble aSfionSy «r
the praifice of fome commendabk
art. But in tfoe midji ofplenty
for tbatpurpofey nature bas point-
ed out to dtfferent men different
ways.

III. It is a glorious thing to be
ferviceable * to the JiatCy and elo^
quence is no defpifeable talent,^ A^
man may make^ himfelf famous in
peace or in war, Aianyy as welt
thofe that have performed great
aSiionSy as thofe that have given
us the bijiory tbejreofy are bighly
applauded^ And tbo* I cannot

quan^

•c, CRiaEn SALUfiTu:

quailipar gloria fequatur
fcriptorem & auftorem
rerum, tamen in primii
a|xluum videtur res geftas
fcribere: ' primum, quod
{^2L di6lis exa&quanda
funt : dein, quia pkrique,
quae deliita reprehende-
ris, malevolentia & invi-
dia dida putant. Ubi de
magna virtute atque glo-
ria bpnorum ,memores
quse fibi quifque facilia
f^du putat, aequo animo
accipit: fiJipra, veluti fic-t
tapro falfis ducit. Sed ego
adoleffentulus initio, fii
cuti plerique, fludio . ad
fcmpublicam latus fum.:
ibiquc mihi multa advorfa
fuerc. Nam pro pudore^
pro abftinentia, pro vir-
tute, audacia, largitio,
^varitia vigebant. Quae
tametfi animus . afpema-»
b^tur, infolens njalarum
artium ;• tamen inter tan-
ta yitia imhecilla aetas
aml^itione corrupta te-
pebatur. Ac me, cum
ab reliquis malis mori-
bus . diflentiremj . nihilo-
Tninus honoris cupido
eadem, quae caeteros, fa-
ma atque, invidia, vexa-
{sat.

IV. Igitj^f, ubi animus
^x multis miferiis atque
pericuiis requievit, & mihi
reliquam ajtatem a repub-
lica procul habendam dc-
crevi^i ^ion fqit cofifiliunx

indeed fijy ' thnt *tke . Htftman, ^
md 'the Herp areAntitted to ib»r
fame. fhare of gipry \ yet ii appears' .
i^me \a matter ^Tno ^fmaU . diffi-,. "
\cuky to write hiJiQry toelL^ Firfl^:
hecaufe in ih£ ■■ rBiatidtt of:jnme,'
a£fionSj thejiyle muji he.Juitid . to
the. grandeur of the fubje^ \: and
in the next placey. ieeaufe mojt
readers are apt to look upon the
cenfure of any mifcarriageSy at-
proceeding from ill-nafure and en^
vy* Andin accounts ofithe gallant^
behnviour\^ and gkrious atchieve-^
'.ments ofworthy men^ fuch tbii^s:
as -any one looks upon . to bave iw
great difficulty in them, hercau
readiuith patiehcej as credibiet hut
all heyond he treats as meerfiSiion^
and uttetly falfe» When I was m
young many I waSy like mojl other
Gentlemeny very inclinable to en^
V i^S^ i^ ihe fervice ofthejiatey hut
every wherefound great difficuitiesi
in the way offuch my deftgny for
injiead ofmodejiyyjujiicey andvir^
tucy impudence^ bribery^ andavarice
carried allbefore them, Which tho*
I had anahhorrence ofy as having
never bem cncujiomed to fuch viU
pra^icesy yet thofe^ being now Af--
come the fajhion, ofihe timesy my
unexperienced youth expofed me toi
,beca,ught hy the haits of amhition*
And tho* I did not fall entirely Jn
with a vitious age in other refpeSfSy
yet / had the fame fpirit ofambftiT
Qn and en-vy ii^ w as. others -had^

IV. Being a^ la/i happily deli^
vered from a world of vexation
and dangery and refolved m more
tq ^Ufddle in, Stafe^Ajfairs^ I was
notj kowevcry minded^to fpendmy
da^l in .id/enefs, arfd floth^ or tp

focor^

BEILUM: CAmUNARItJM. 7

focoMiaalq^defidia^ bo> imphy ttjy lifg 'iH Mgnc&iture'^
num^ o^ium conterere:. huhungy or the likt ferviU ^-^
•neque vero, agrum colen- ' c<?^; but immidiatety tefunud thd
'Ao^wox. Veniindo^ fervili- pujfuit tf fny form(r\ defign:^
inis officiisivimentum, se^ from^which 'wicied imhiiicn had
tatem. a^^re: fed- a cjuo^ divtrted^ me^ md d$titmined t9
incoeptav.^/ ifudibqpe^^e- fst aboUf wriiiHg- ^ihi Hifl^y^f
ambitip ix^^al^^^xltttintierat . f)Sre^>«^ R-<f9^fi* P^t^leyfuib^pai^fi
cod^TegneHdir/^ifiatui-res « 9/r,.i/^ l^miiht^ tu Uippeared t$
'geAas '* popiifi '>\iR?3iitam*\ 7Hr'.'iOT<7/?: Wdrtijc of}fhe wtice 4f
•&Ad^^ uti q\)aefqiBe'rm&* ^rjp(^i^ity-*^i\ /ind^the^^^r&ther^ ^'#t
moida cKgria \yviii^aa^yiT^t..caufe my mind twai^^poVai jatl* ift^
f&^m\xvc:i\yje9%vm^isi'r^*ft(eu^^ h&peiifear^ ^or farty^
^dd .miia \. ^ci.metu -ipr^kdics^' Accrdingly J /haUifi
^aitibusc' rdpoblica^»^ .dhi/-. .^jkfirftflace^i • ^giw» i « hriifa&^
mus. libeiri^.cratr.^cIgiturT.ViiKitf ^ 'C^Uine^s ''donjpiracyj
de fCs^iq^» t^xonjiiratk)i^:rv <2ff^/£<7/.«t^rri& aH^poffihUi^regam
t>e, vq»ain--veriffime-pa.^ \ U^^^^uth^' Fa^r' I^ ioik>*uipon\ tbiti
^i>^ ;mucis:-rahibiva«i;v.\-^/^;igl« to\ have *'bein OHe rf r^thi
l^am ^ ^isi^niirin/>primis.'vwxn^ rmhiorablt ^hat^ever weni^
(Bgby tEiemtn^ilevxtiMlu* '^;/^^ 'the-^flrangfhwukedn^sj^and
im^^^fce^s a^WfKrica^ \danger ^^ity"whiih'''I Jfalk-hi^
ir.no«ttaite:^VI^ ci9tts'.bp-t vj^/». wiV^i.^ fifcrp,'chkra^ir.'if.i'thk

^'3q^nahda^:iunt^. qmm ^^ -> ii'Mj''f ^j^ /V^ri.-K- -!• rfitr
inktun!! naixandifadam» ^ c»^ -^^ •' •'•->. :,. p*
■v.::y . Xucios .. Catifina > >» ^^- Lucius ^€kiiilms'ww^i^
liobaL gpnerenattiM;) hi\x fieniied iff a rf^h&' f^{lyi,'y-mA
magna vi U animi & cbr-j - ^eniffwed ^^Ufith* TtiprsifimirdiHctff
poris j-fed ingeiiiQ, Ta\3\o' vigQUrh&th cf bddy'^nd tnihd^ ^hui
pravoquei fiuk ab ado- ^ ^.ip. wi^tid^ pet^erfe ' dtfpofttioUi.
^ lefcentia •'^ bella- inteflinav ^ • mhi hadftom his youfh notking;
caBdes^vra)!)in8e,.'diicbrdiai ;^'»2^r^-^/ he&rt^ as civil war^
civilis, grata 'fuf^e.) ibique-^ rqpine^ and embroiting $f th^^
|uveihtute9ilft£iim; exetfca- -l^ate ; in which hefpint iheprime
it*C(»rpUSf>atien8inedix, efhis yearsi^ His b^ywas incre-i
^goils,. - vigUiOj*. fujH^a Mly^ qu^lifiidfor ihe endurin^cf
cpaam cuiffuam credibiie rharsger^ ivant^^ofjleip^ and ccLL
iril. ' Anin^ui audax, fub-,' Hiamind w^s' 'daring^ trMfty'^
dolus, varius^ cupflibet..-^):i(&^ capable'' iff th^ mjl pro^
rei fimulatc^ ^ '£i&mul fmnd dijjimulaticny^ and of a^r
lator, aliemappetQns, ful ing "ijnypart whatever^ gnedy bf
profufus, ardens in cupU ^iuhat was mt his /mvni and kj-
fbtatibu^ ^ faUd loquentW» > vi/h<)of^hat was^^ ixirernify^egtr
-;; \ fapi-

i»

c. CiiiSPi SAtDUs.tll::

jB^ientiac' paruxn* Vaftus inihe gratifoatkb \^f.Msd^es^^
animus Ipnmoderatsi, in- doq^ence tnougb be mdi buttHtde
credihilia, qimls. alta fem- w^fdffm, His wiU fitd was,€ver
per cppiebat*. Hun^, poft enge^ed in thefinofiity^tran&agani
. daminationem Lv SuUge, proje^s^ things jmatitainaUef mti
' lubido msulLuitia invaferat abovi his fpbert^y .Aft^. tbe^t^^
reipub^cae c^piundao^: ne- ran^ of Svlk^^ bt^Mcomtfi^''
queidquibus.modisacifev.v nat€Lyfonditf.fazing.i.tht gmkm^
iq^ueretUr, dum ^ reg- :>ment -^ <and..pxkuidei'Js^yvuid,iut
luim pararet, quitiquam bring his furfife aimti' he <are4
pend . habebat .^. Agitaba* not at ail by^^wjs^t means^ hk dii
tur magismagifiiue indies iti.'.. His :famge\ .fot^LitkaSi Mre
animus ferox ^ inopia rei . ^ ^ndmore agitatedjivitk his . poivtru
familiari8> & confdentia. ^ ty^ and. a Jinjh of gttHty ibo^
Hoelerum' ; qu» .utraque tutich he, Isaa-^enciiiefed by> thi.vih
l^s artibus auxeraty quas pr>a£iices.Mbove,:imenii(m&d. cMe
ilupra wem^vuv. bicitar*. \ijuas.. mor£Ov&" ^encourag^ 7» bis
bant pr^rea corrupti cir- v. entenprixe\ by : liieiTwicieApefs, .^
^tati^ mores: quos pet^ the.times^ tbe City.jbeing fsuSy

overrunc mitb rJtW-*£/^ii& imr^
'bui-wry d^ereBtirfirts;:^: vipts^
iuxtiry andtavaripe^ cisdi^firfceJ
.^m ^ot-upAn^ti^Si ^jc&fntfondf
mtperhapsi bjr asi:impi^esc.:Q6Sttb
onof running hatihtth^TA^r.dadp
ages of ihei JSiman*peaphi taifgiai
M accountiof the canduU op^ur
^s&^ty^^!:mo^X^^ bow tbey managediheir.

lican!!.. habuerint, quan'A.v:a^iri botir.in peacA and warjond
tamque rdiquerint ;. &,\ -Ja-wbatKa fbeight thi^ brMght th^
ut paujatim- immutata»j: Roman Statet^* howl^ d^rees if

has beetr^ ^angidy . tind ofioe MP/t
giorious, and bejftj-it.betome* tha
werfi and.m(^i'.fiagiiio9es*\ .

, VI, ^ Ithe Qty MimyMsfter «i

Icanfind^ wasMuiit^.Qand^fiff^ it^

habitedby the TrojanSy whobeirt^

Trojani.;» qui \®neaidu-.-^%r<sf Jd fi^from> their natim

ce, profugj, fedibusi in,* couUryyfirolled aboutfrompldi^

topmii^-under .iie leading ofM^
neas^^ Sut with \tbem njuere join^
the AborigineSy :a.':Viiid fort of
people^ Ainder m. reftxaint]frm
iaw jor jgovermHentMy aiii. How*

poft-

(vwA ac diYei& inker fe
teala, ^luxuria \*atque ava-
rkla^VVexabahtJ Res i^Y
£ithoj!tad . viiietuiv quQni<^\
atn de moribus civitatis
tempus admonuit, fupra
repetere, ac paucis inftitu-
tivm^JQrum.diQjcfti militi-

ex pulchferruma & optU/
ma pelTuma ac flagotiofif--
fUma fa£la fit, diSerJere»

VI. ' Urbem! Romara»
iicuti . ego acccp3, condi-
dere atquie habuere; tnitio

certis vagabanti^-s cum^
que.his Aborigines, genus
hominum.agrefte, finele-
gibus,. -fii^ft imperio^ libe-
rum atque folutum. .Hi»

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

];)oftquam in una moenia
convenere, difpari genere,
diflimili lingua, alii alio
more viventes, incredibi-
le memoratu eft, quam
facile coaluerint. Sed
poftquam res eorum civi-
bus, moribus, agris auc-

que pollens videbatur ; fi-
cuti pleraque mortalium
habentur, invidia ex opu-
lentia orta eft. Igitur
reges populique finitimi
bello tentare. Pauci ex
amicis auxilio efl[e. Nam
caeteri, metu perculfi, a
periculis aberant. At Ro-

ever^ upon their uniting and co^
habiting in the fame city^ not^
withjianding the wide difference
hetwixt them^ with refpeSf to theit
language^ and manner oflife^ yet
it is incredible tofay^ how eaftly
they hecame one peiple, But after
this newjlate receivedfuch an im-
ta, fatis profpcra, fatif- provement in number of people^

manners and territoryy as to ap^
pear in a profperous and vigorous
condition^ their happy circunifian-
ceSy as is ufual infuch cafeSy drew
down the envy oftheir iieighbourSy
upon ihem, Accordingly the neigh-
bouring princes andjlates prefent-^
ly engaged in war againjl them %
wherein fofne few of their friends
mani, domi militiaeque Jlood by them^ whiift the reji^ for
intenti, fefl!nare, parare, fear ofthe worji^ kept themfehes
alius alium hortari, hofti- out ofdanger. "The Romaniy how-
bus obviam ire, liberta- ever^y were not wanting in their
tem^ patriam, paifentef- endeavours^ both at home and a-

broady for a vigorous defence^ but *
animated by mutual encourage-
mentSy boldiyfaced their enemy for
the fecurity oftheir iiberty^ cOun-
tryy andparents, And after they
had by their bravery repelied the
dangers that threatenedthemy gave
in their turn ajji/iance to their ai^
iies and friends y andadded to the
numher oftheniy more by the confer^
ring offavoursy than the receiving
ofthem. Their government was a ,
legai oncy under the name of a mo-
narchy. Peffons weak ofbody by
reafon of their age^ but eminent
appellabantur. Poft, ubi for their wifdom and abiiities of
regium imperium, quod mind^ were appointed as a council
initio confervandae liber- of Jiate^ to providefor thepubiick
tatis atque augendae rei- Jecurity -, who from iheir age^ or
gublicae fuerat, ih fuper- their obiigaticfn io a patemai con*
biam dominationemque cerh for tJje gbod ef the common^

B con-

que armis tegere. Poft,
ubi pericula virtute pro-
pulerant, fociis atque a-
micis auxilia portabant ;
magifque dandis, quam
accipiundis beneficiis a
micitias parabant. Impe-
rium legitimum, nomen
imperii regium habebant.
Delefti, quibus corpus
annis infirmum, ingeni-
um fapientia validum e-
rat, reipublicae confulta-
bant. Hi, vel aet^te vel
curae fimilitudine, Patres

< •

10 C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

cbnvertit, . immutato wealth^ were cdlled Fathfii^s. iBt^
mdre, annua imperia, bi- when kingly government^which at
nos imperatores fibi fece- firji proved a means ofprejerving
re, Eo modo minume their libertyy and advancing fhe
pdfl^putabantperlicenti. puhlick intereji^ degen>raUd inio
am infolefcere animum haughtinefs and tyr^anriy^ it was
humanum. Idid aftde^ and in -room ihereof

two magi/frates were yearly dppointed io govern ihe Jiate,
For this they ihought the moji likely means to prevent a licen-
tious infolence in their Governors,

VII. Sed ea tempefta- VII. Now .every one begun fo
te coepere fe quifqUe ma- exert himfelf and employ all his
gis magifque . extollere, faculties^ for the pubiick fervice.
ingcniumque in promptu For under Kings^ perfons ofworth

and merit are more apt io be hok"
ed upon with a jealous eye^ than
thofe ofa contrary charaSier, For
Princes are ever apprehenfive 6f
greai abiliiies in fheir fUbje£ts,
But after the Roman Jiate had
thus recovered its Ubertyj it is in^
credible to fay^ nxihat a mighiy im-
provement. it prefently received,
primum Juventus, fimul fuch an appetitefor glory had now
acbellipatienseratjinca- prevailed amongli that people.

Now the youthj asfoon as capable
of hearing arms^ were irained
up in ihe fatigues of a camp^ to
the bufinefs of war, .Handfome
armSy and fine war-horfes were
much moretheir concern^ ihan Ihe
praSfice of lewdnefs and luxury,
To fuch men as thefe hardjhip was
no noveltyj no place too rugged or
(Ufficulty no enemy was terribley
their refolution bore down all he-^
fore it. But at the fame iime
ihere was the highefl emulation
among/i them in point of gtory ;
every one being zeaious io di/iin-
guifl) himfelf in fightj or the fca-
ling ofwaSsj in the view oj his
raceret, properabat. Eas feUow-foIdiers, This was iheir
divitias, eam bonam fa- richesy therr gloryy and what

'mam«

habere. Nam regibus
boni, quam mali, fuTpec-
tioresfuntifemperquehis
aliena virtus formidolo^
eft. Sed dvitas, incredi-
bile memoratu eft, adepta
iibertate, quantum 'brevi
creverit: Tanta cupidb
gloriae inceflferat. Jam-

ftris per laborem ufu mi-
litiam difcebat; magif-
que in decoris armis &
militaribus equis, quam
in fcortis atque conviviis,
lubidiijem habebat. Xgi-
tur talibus viris non la-
bos infolitus, non locus
ullus afper aut arduus e-
rat, non armatus hof-
tis formidolofus : Virtus
omnia domuerat. Sed
gloriae maxumum- certa-
men inter ipfos erat.
Quifque hoftem ferire,
murum adfcendere, con-
ipici, dum tale facinus

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

II

mam, magnamque no-
bilitatem putabant. Lau-
dis avidi, pecuniae libera-
les erant. Gloriam in-
gentem, divitias honeftas
volebant. Memorare pof- '
fem, quibus in locis max-
limas hoftium copias po-
puliis R. parva manu fii-
derit, quas urbes natura
munitas pugnandp cepe-
rit ; ni ea res longiu^ nos
ab incoepto traheret.

VllJ.Sfedprof^ofor-
tuna in omm re domina-
tur. Ea res cundas, ex
lubidine magis^ quam ex
vero, cel^brat obfcurat-
que. Athenienfium res
geftae, ficut ego exiftu-
mo, fatis amplae magni-
ficaeque fuerej Verum
aliquanto minores tamen,
quamfam^feruntur. Sed
quia.provenere ibi magna
rcriptorum ingenia, per
terrarum orbem Atheni-
enfium fafta pro maxu-
mis celebrantur. Ita eo-
rum, qui ea fecere, vir-
tus tanta habetur, quan-
tum verbis ea potuere ^x-
tollere praeclara ingenia.
At populo Rbmano num-
quam ea copia fuit > Quia
prudentiffimus quifque
negotiofus maxupae erat.
Ingenium nemo fine cor-
pore exercehat. Optu-
mus quifque facere, quam
,dicere; fua ab aliis t^ene
fada laudari, quam ipfe
aliorum narrare, malebat.

aUne ennobled them^ in their opi^
nion, n^y were greed^ of ho^
nour^ hut lavijh of their money. ,
Glory they could never have too
much. of butfor riches a handfome
competericy jufficed them. And

. here I coula entertain the reader
with numerous in/iances ofmighty
armies defeated hy inconftderahle
numherSy and cities wonderfully^

fortified hy nature taken hy them.
But that would detain me too long

from my purpofe.

VIII. But fortune has indeed
a mighty fway inall thi^igs', raifes .
or deprejjes them at pleapLrey ra-
ther than according to truth, T^he
aSfions ofthe Athenians were^ in
my opinion^ great and glorious;
enoughj hut not altogether fo con"

fiderahle as fame reprefenis them»
But hecauje . that city produced
great plenty of fine authors^ the
exploits ofthdt people are through-
out the world celehrated for the
greatefi ihat ^ver were perform-
ed hy men, Accordingly the cou-
rage and condu£i of t,he aSiorSy
have heen as much magnifiedy as
it was in the power of the finefi
wits to do it, But this was an
advantage the Roman people never
had^ hecauje the wifefi men were
aiways the jnofi etfgaged in thefer-
vice ofthefiate\for none purfu^
ed the impxovement of the mind
onlyy without regard to that ofthe
body, The heji men chofe rather
the partofaciing than fpeaking 'y
and to have their own aichieye-
ments celehrated hy othersy ratbeic
than wrife thofe of others them"
felves.

B2

IX. Irf.

12

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

IX. Igit\jir cfomi mi«
litiaequeboni mores cole-
bantur. Concordia max-
uma, minuma avaritia
erat. Jus bonumque a-
pud eos non legibus ma-
gis, guam natura, vale-
bat. Jui^ia, difcordias,
fimultates cum hoftibus
cxercebant. Cives cum
civibus de virtute certa-
bant. In fuppliciis deo-
rum magnifici, domi par-
ci, in amicos iidq}es erant.
Duabus his artibus, au-
dacia bello, ubi pax eve-,
nerat, ^equitate, feque
remque publicam cura-
bant. pparum rerum
ego maxuma documenta
haec habeoj quod in bel-
lo faepius vindicatum eft
in eos, qui contra jimpe-
rium in hoftem pugnave-
rant, quique tardius revo-
cati praelio exceflerant,
quam qui figna relinquere,
aut pulfi, loco cedere aufi
erant. Inpacevero,benc-
ficiis magis, quam metu,
imperium agitabant ; et
accepta injuria, ignofcere,
quamperfequi, malebant,
X. Sed, ubi labore at-
que juftitia refpublica cre-
vit; reges inagni bello
domiti; nationes ferae, &
populi ingentes vi fubac-
ti; Carthago aemula im-
perii Romani, ab ftirpe
interiit; cuncSa maria ter-
raeque patebant; fortu-
na faevire ac mifcere om-
nia caepit, Qui labores,

IX. Goodmanners^therefor^were
pra^ifed both at home^ and ahrqad
in the wars. Tl^eir unanimity was
greatj hut dejires very moderate,
Jujlice and equity prevailed a*-»
mongji them^ not more hy theforce
oflaws^ than natural inciination.
Ml the differences and quarrels
ihey had were with the enemies of
thejiate. But one with another
they had no other conteji^ than
who fbould hehave hejl, In the
worjhip of the Gods tbey were
magntficenty hut thrifty at homcy
and faithful to their friends.
And hy the praSiice ofhravery in
war^ and equity in peace^ did they
tnanage themfelves and the puhlick
affairs. (Jf which thefe things
are fufficient proofsy that fuch as
fought the enemy contrary to or^
dersy were ofiner punijhedy than
fuch as defertedy or in time of
aSiion quitted their po/is, But
in peace the adminiiiration was
managed more in ihe way of
kindnefs than terrour: And in
cafe of an injury received^ they
chofe rather to forgive^ than re-
venge it^

X, But when hy the praSiice
of indujiry andjujiice^ the Roman
Jiate was come to a conftderahle
heighty great princes conquered^
wild nations atid mighty Jiates
hrought under fuhjeSiion hy dint of
armsy and Carthage that was ri-
val with Rome for the empireof
the worldy utterly deJiroyed\ and
allparts ofity whether hy fea^ or
hy landy at the devotion of the

'peri^

BELLUM GATILINARIUM.

13

pcricula, dubias atque af-
peras res facile tolerave-
rant, iis otimn, divitiae,
optandae aliis, oneri mife-
riaeque fiiere. Igitur pri-
ino pecuniae, dein impe-
rii cupido crevit.' Ea quafi
materie^ omnium malo-
rum fuere. Namque a-
varitia fidem, probitatem,
caeterafque artes bonas
fubvertit ; pro his fuper-
biam, credulitatem, deos

w

RoTnan5'y fortune began to Jhew
her malice^ and confound all. For
they who had endured fatigueSy

^ ^^ , dangersy and the moji fevere tri^

riaeque fiiere. Igitur pri- als^ with eafe^ founa peace and ,
mo pecuniae, dein impe- plenty (deftrable things with the

' ' '^ " re/f of men) to be their bane,

Firji the love ofmney^ andthen
of power grew upon them, and
proved the occajion of allmariner '
ofmifchief For avarice was the
deJiruSfion of faith^ honejly^ and
other good qualities\ and in the
negligere, omnia venalia • room thereofy brought in fajhionj
habere edocuit. Ambitio pride^ cruelty^ profanenefs^ and a

mercenary fpirit. Ambition obliged
many to breach of faith^ and to
have one thing in their heartSy
and another upon their tongues^
to contra^ or breakfriendjhip^ not
as honour^ but their inierejt re-
quired; and to feem good, rather

multos mortalis falfos fi-
eri fubegit ; aliud claufum
in peftore, aliud promp-
tum in lingua habere ; a-
micitias inimicitiafque
non ex re, fed ex com-
modo aeftumare 5 ma-
gifque vultum, quam in-

fenium, bpnum habere.
laec primo pauUatim
crefcere, interdum vindi-
cari. Poft, ubi conta-

than be really fo. Thefe vices

Jome timcy

grew up but Jlowly for ^
and were now and then punijhed.
But the infeSiion at laji carrying
all before it like the plague^ the
gio, quafi peftilentia, in- Jiate was hugely altered^ and the
vafit; civitas immutata, governmentj from being the mojl
imperium, ex juftiffumo jujiy and the beji that ever wasy
atque optumo, crudele became cruelandintolerable.

intolerandumque faftum.
XI. Sec^primo magis
ambitio, quam avaritia,
animos hominum exerce-
bat: Quod tamen vitium
propius virtuti erat. Nam
gloriam, honorem, im-
perium, bonus, ignavus,
aeque fibi exoptant. Sed
ille vera via nititur ; huic
quia bonae artes defunt,
dolis atque fallaciis con-
tendit. Avaritia pecuniae

XI. But atfirji qmbttion more
than avarice infiuenced the minds
ofthe Romans : JVhich vice^ how-
ever^ hadjome refemblance of a
virtue. For the brave^ and the
bafe-fpiritedy are equally fond of
glory^ honoury and power. But
the former purfues tkem in the
right way \ whereas the latter^ as
dejiitute of all good qualitiesy en-
deavours to come at them in the
way oftrick and deceit, Avarice

ftudium

14. C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

(hidium hat^ i quam is mthin^ but, m extrg^agant dc-

nemo fapiens concupivit. Jire 9f moneyj^ which m wife man

Ea^ quafi venei;iis malis wai ever fond of And this paf-

imbutaj corpus ^imugci- fion-i as tf it was enforced by the

que virilem effeminat : power of encharfXment^ enervates

Sempjer infinita, infatia- koth the kodies audfoids ofmen^ is

bilis eftj neq^ue copia, ev^er bomdlefi gnd inffltiaUe^ not

neque inopia minuitur. to be redvLced by either pknty or

Sed, poftquam L. S\jll^ wcmt^ But after Lujcius Sylla

armis recepta republica, fiz^d ^ppn th^ govfirnrnent by

bonis initiis malosi evea- force of axms^ and tho^ he b.egun^

tus .habuit ; rapere om- v^el^ yet run, in,t9 great outragcs^

hes, trahere. Dpmum a- rapine and viofence prevaijed ui^^i-

liusj alius agros cupere j verfajly> The cmquerorsy onefet

neqye modum rieque hi^ hear( upon a fne houfe^ ano^

mod^ftiam yiftores ha- ther upon^ landsy and in the profe-^

bere; ifaeda crudeliaque cution oftheir pveral dejireiy h<x,d

ii^ civis^ facinc^ facere. tjuft the Uaft ^nclure ofmoder^tz-

Huc ^ccedebatj quod on or modfifty at all^ but pra^fed

L. Sulla exercitum» (iU the moji abomina.ble e»;ceffes of

quem in Afia du6ia- cruelty upon thdrfellow-citizens»

verat, quo fibi fidum Befides tkisy L. Stiliay i.n order to

faceret, contra morem en^age th^ (^rmy he had comnmnd-

majorum, luxuriofe ni- ed in 4ficiy to Jfarujl bv himy didy

mifque liberaliter habu- contrary to_ th.e ^foge of our ^nce^

crat. Lpca amaena, Jiors,yJ)ackeni;hereinsofdifcipUne^

voluptaria facile in otip in the wx^y of indulgehce and

feroces milit\im animQs pvofufiony to a great excefs. And

molliverant. Ibi pri- the pleapnht voluptuous country of

mum infuevit exerci- ^a hady afier the war was ena-

tus populi Romani a- ed therey ftrangely foftened the

mare, potare; figna, ruggedminds ofthefotatery.There

tabulas piftas, yafa cae- firfi of ail dtd th.e Roman trcops

lata mirari ; ea priva- (ontra^ a paffionfor whoring and

tim ac publice rapere; drinkingy fidt^esy piStureSy and

delubra fpoliare; facra fine-wroMght platey which ihey

1>rofanaque omnia pol- publickly and privately n^de pJun^

uere. Igitur hi milites,' der of robbing tbe temples of the

poftquam viftoriam a- Qodsy andfparing no places what^

depti funt, nihil reli- ever^ whether fa^red or profane.

qui viSis fecere. Quip- For thofe foldiersy cft^r th.eir con-

pe fecundae res fapien- quefis tn th(fe pariSy left the con-

tium animps fatig^nt : quered mthing at ^IL Sudcefs in-

* . ' Ne

BELLlJM CATltiNAfelUM. 15

Nfe iffi, cotftiptis ma- di^imaltes aJirdHgiTHfreJJionupffn

ritius, vifiorias tempe- t}te mincts 'tfnjfftfe fhen^ ahd ihere^

rarenft. fore it is fidt to be iuSHdered at^ if
aH arniy fo ^carrupted by iu difcipline^ fhdUld Hiake fo bad a
ufe ofthetr eoHqueJi.

aH Poftquatn <fivi- 3C[I. Whin ridhes now begun

tia honori effc cjcperant, to be infuch Hjafi e/ieem^ andto be

& eas gloria, iiSiperium, atteHded uokh glory^ conmand^

potentia fcqaiebatul-: he- andpower^ virPue begun tolan^

befcere virtus, paupertas guijh^ pdverty to be acco)inted

probro haberi, iraiocentia tnatter 'ofrepYo'ac\ and innocena

pfo malevoi^ntia duci- to pdfs for ilUnature. Hereupon

csepit. I^tur Cx divitiis 9Ur youth became infe£led wiih

juVentutem hixuria atque luxury. dvarice^ mdpride qllto^

avaritia cum ftrperbia in- gether. Thiy noio raifaged and

vafetc. Rapere, corrfu- wajied all before them^ and never

mere ; fiia p*:^ penderc: fatisfied with 'vuhat was their

aliefia cuperfc ; pudorem, own^ weVe ever longingfor what

pudicitiafm, divina atque was not\ trarfipled upon modejiy^

humana pJromifcua, nihil friendfhip^ Chajiity^ and every^

penfi fieque moderati ha- thing elfe^ divine or human^ with^^

bere. Operse pretium eft, out diJiin£lion\ and throwing off

cum domos atque villas- alirejiraint^ hqd ndt fhe leaji care

cognoveris in urbium or cdncernfor any thing that wds

modum exaedificatas, vi- goifd. It ts worth while to take a

fere templa deorum, quas view of the fine houfes in toivn

noftri majdres, religiofif- and couniry^ andthen toyiftt the

fumi mortales, fecere. temples ofthe Gods^ built by our

Verum illi delubra deo- forefathers^ fhe moji reiigious of

rum pietate, domos fuas mankind. But they graced the

gloria decorabant ; neque temples of the Gods with their

vi£iis quidquam prater pi^ty^ ana their houfes wifh glory :

injuriae licentiam, eripie- And took nothing from thofe they

barit, At hi contra, ig- cffnquered^ but the licence of do-

navifiumi homines, per ing mifchief But thofe Ifpoke of

fummum fcehis omnia above^ the mofi worthlefs of men^

ea fociis adimere, quse have in the moji wicked manner

fortiffumi viri vicldres ravijhed from our alliesy all the

hoffibusreliquemnt:Pro- brave old conquerors had lefi

inde quafi injuriam fece- them^ as ifthe tfe of power con-

re, id demum effet impe- fi/ied in the doing ofmifchief
rio uti.

5Qtt Nam quid ea XIII. For whyjhduld I fpend

memorem, quae, nifi his^ timc in the reiatim rf thingSj -

. qui

i6

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

qui videre nemini credibi-
liafunt; a privatis com-
pluribus fubverfos mon*
tis, maria conffarata efle?
Quibus mihi ludibrio vi-
dentur fuiife divitiae ;
quippe, quas honefte ha-
bere lidebat, per turpitu-
dinem abuti properabant.
Sed lubido ftupri, ganeae,
caeterique cultus non mi-
nor inceflerat. Viri pati
muliebria: Mulieres pu-
dicitiam in propatulo ha-
bere: Vefcendi caufater-
ra marique omnia exqui-
rere : Dormire prius,
quam fomni cupido eflet:
Non famem aut fitim,
neque frigus neque laflltu-
dinem operiri, Sed ea om-
nia luxu antecapere, Haec
juventutem, ubi familia-
res opes defecerant, ad fa- .
cinora incendebant. A-
nimus imbutus malis ar-
tibus, haud facile lubidi-
nibus carebat : Eo profu-
fius omnibus modis quae-
flui atque fumptui dedi-
tus erat.

XIV. In tanta tamque
corrupta civitate, Catili-
na, id quod faftu facillu-
mum erat, omnium fla-
gitioforum atque facino-
roforum circum fe, tam-
quam ftipatorum, cater-
vas habebat. Nam, qui-
cunque impudicus, adul-
ter, ganeo, alea, manu,
ventre, pene bona patria
laceraverat, quique alie-
num aes grande conflave-

wbich can appear credible to no tmtf
thai has not^feen themi as th^
levelling of mountains^ building
fine palakes in the fea itfelf^ hy
many prfUate p^^ons ; whojeemed
to play witb their riches^ in the
way ofbantering^ as it were^ and
ahufmg them in the moji fcandahus
manner^ when they might have
enjoyed them with bonour, Nbr
were they lefs extravagant in their
amourSj and all the articles of
furniture and equipage : The men
and womeh were guilty of the
moft barefaced projiitution. Sea
and land were ranfacked tofur^
nifh out their tables with dainties^
And the natural return ofjleepy
hungery and thirjl^ were antici^
pated by a luxurious indulgence^
The praciice of thefe vices firji
reduced the youth of Rome to
wantj and then pujhed them upon
all manner ofvillainy. The mind
being once inured to thofe vile
p.ra£iices knew not how to forego
the gratification of its lijisj and
fo was the more violently bent
upon all the ways of hoth getting
andfpending.

XIV. In fo great and fo wicked

a cityj Catalinej as was no hard

maHter to be fure^ had. troops of

flagitiousy profiigate fellowSj like

fo many life^guard menj always

about him, For all your catamiteSy

cuckold-makerSj rakesy that had

fpent their jeJiateSj in aU the ways

of luxury and lewdnefsj all fuch

as had run over head and ears in

debty to fcreen themfelves from

the punifhment due to their crimesj

parricides beftdes from all quar-

rat.

BJ^LLUM GATILlWARItTM. tj

ftit, quo fla^tmm aut fa- tersy facrikgiom rafctih^ fuch ai

cinvis redimeret ; praete- had been alrendy legally coHviSfed

red, omitfcs imdique par- of hhrrid viiiainies^ or -ftared Jh

ricWae, facrilegi, convic- to be; and further^ alt fuch a^

ti jlxdiciiis, aut pro factis maifttaimd therHfelves hy perjury

jiidicium timentes, ad or murder : Finaliy^ all whom

hoc, quos maniis atque wickednefs^ wantj or a guiky con^

lingua pequrio & fangui- fcience made uneafy f thefe were

ne civili alebat ; poftre- Gdtitine^s neareji and moji inti-

mo, oituies^ quos flagi- Tnate friends, And if any inno-

tium, egeftas, confcius cent perfon happened to he engaged

animus exagitabat, hi Ca- in any friendjhip with bini^ by

tilinse proxumi familia- daily converfaiion and wheedling^

refque fci^nt: Quod fi he was foon made like the reji of

quis etiatn a culpa vacuus the treiv. Bnt thoft he chiefiy af-

in amicitiam ejus incide- ft£led to draw into hisparty^ vjert

rat^ quotidiano ufu at- young gentkmen. Their ininds

tjue illecebris faeile par fi- being^ by redfon of their age^ fofl

milifque caeteris efficieba- ^and pliable^ were eafily cajoled.

tur. Sed maxume ado- For^ according to theit feveral in-

lefcentium familiaritates dinations^ fome he farnijhed with

appetebat. Eorum ani- whores^ for others he would hu^

mi, molles & aetate fluxi, dbgs and horfes, Finaily^ hefiuck

dolishauddifficultercapi- at no cofi^ or breach of modefiy^

ebahtur. Nam, uti eu- whatevtr^ to get them into his

jufque fhidium ex aetate power^ andfecure them tb his in^

flagrabat, aliis fcorta prae- tere/i. I am fenfible^ fome people

bere, aliis canes atque e- were of opinion^ that the youth

quos mercari: Poflremo that freqnented Catiline^s houfe^

neque fumpturneque mo- were engaged in unhatural lewd-

defliae fuae parcere, dum nefs\ but this fancy proceeded^ I

illos obnojcios fidofque fuppofe^ notfo muchfrom any cer»

fibi faceret. Scio fuiffe tain evidence of the thing^ as

nonnuUos, quiita.exi- other reafons.

ftumarent ; juventutem, quae domum CatiKnae frequenta-
bat, parum honefle pudicitiam habuifle, Sedex aliis fe-
bus magis, quam quod cuiquam id coiftpertum foret, haec
fama valehat.

XV. Jamprimum a- XV. Catiline himfelfi nbhen a

dolefcens Catilina multa yovng fellow^ had betn engaged in

nefanda' fhipra fecerat, feveral viliainous intrigues with a

cum virgine nobili, cum young Iddy ofhigh quaiity^ one^^of

facerdote Veftae; & alia the Vefiai rluns^ and mcny cther

hujtlfcemodx contra jus the likt abominable pranks. At

C faf-

i8 C. CRISPI SAtLUSTII

fafque. Poftremo, capr laft hefell in love with Aureli^i

tus amore Aureliae Ore- Urejiiua^ in ^bom no good man

ftillae, cujus, praeter for- ever commended anj thing but her

mam nihil umquam bo- beauty\ and becaufe Jhe made a

nus laudavit, quod ea nu- fcrupU of marrying him^ by rea-

bere illi dubitabat, timens fon hisjon was at man^s ejiate^ tt

privignum adultum aeta- is heheved for a certainiy^ ' he

tej pro certo creditur, murdered himy to make way for

necato filio, vacuam do- fo wicked a match, Which indeed,

nium fcelefti^ nuptiis fe- / believe^ might ie the reafon of

cifle. Quae ,quidem res his pujhing his interprize withji

mihi in primis videtur much violence as he did. For his

caufla fuiffe facinoris ma- polluted foul^ fired,with rage <?-

turahdl. Namque ani- - gainji both Gods and men^ could

mus impurus, dis homi- findno reft either waking or fleep^

nibufque infeftus, neque ing\ fo much was. he haunted

, vigiliisnequequietibus fe- with the terrours of an evil con^

dari poterat ; Ita confci- fcience. Accordingiy his complexi'^

entia mentem excitam on was very pale^ his eyes ghajlly^

vexabat. Igitur colos ei his gate fometimes quick^ fome^

exfanguis, faedioculi ; ci- times Jhw : In Jhorty his wbole

tus modo, modo tardus appearance was perfeSily tbat of

inceffus ; prorfus in facie a mad m(^n.
vultuque vecordia inerat.

XVI. Sed juventutem, XVI . Now the young men be

quam, ut fupra diximus, wbeedled in to join bim^ as has

illexerat, multis modis been above faid^ he trained up to

mala facinora edocebat, villany by various ways, from a^

ex illis teftes fignatorefque mongft tbem be ufed to furnifb

falfos cofnmodare ; fi- falfe witneffes^ and others to fign

dem, fortunas, pericula forged deeds^, teaching them by

vilia habere. Poft, ubi tbat means tofet light by their ho-

eorum famam atque pu- nour\ ejlates^ and danger. And

dorem attriverat, majora after he bad utterly fupprejfed in

alia imperabat. Si caufla tbem aU regard to credit orjhame^

peccandi in prsefens mi- he put them upon greater proje£ls.

nus fuppetebat ; nihilo- And if no prefent opportunity pre-

minusinfontesjficutifon- fented for the exercife of their

tes, circumyenire, jugu- talent^ yet he kept them doing^ by

lare. Scilicet, ne per o- employing them to circumvent and

tium torpefcerent ma- murder fuch as had given him no

niis, aut animus, gratui- offence^ /^s if tbey had\ that isy

to potius malus atque to keep their hands and minds in

crudefi^ erat. His amicis ufcy he was wicked and eruel^

fociifque

* I

BELLUM CATILlNARIUM.

i^

IbciifquecGiliifus Catilina,
fimu) quod aes alienum
per omnes terras ingens
erat, & quod plerique
SuUani milites, largius
fuo ufi, rapinarum & vic-
toriae veteris mcmores,
civile belhim exoptabant,
opprimund^ reipublica
c6nfilium cepit. In Ita-
lia nullus exercitus , Cn.
Pompejus in extremis
terris bellum gerebat ; ip-
(\ confulatum petundi
magna fpes ; Senatus ni-
hil fane intentus: Tutae
tranquillaeque res omnes.
Sed ea prorfus opportuna
Catilinae.

without any, provocation fo, to he»
Catiline confidin^ in thefe friends
and accomplices^ and hecaufe the
number of perfons invohed in deht
was every where very great^ and
hecaufe too mofl of Sulla^s .oldfol-
diersj having made an end of
what they had ^tten^ and r^-
memhering full well the plunder
they had made upon SulkC s fuccefs^
Wtjhed for a civil war; Catiliney
Ifay^ putting thefe feveral things
together^ entered into a defign of
ufurping the governmenU There
was no^ army in Italy ; C«. Pom-
pey was carrying on awar in the
remoteji parts of the earth : He
himfelf had great hopes ofohtain-
ing ihe Conful/hip\ the Senate ap-
peared. very fecure ; and all was fafe and quiet ; which feveral
things feemed to prefent Catiline with a favourable opportu^
nity of carrying his pointt .

XVlI. Igitur circiter XVII. Wherefore about the
Kalendas Jun. L. Caefa- firji of June^ in the year\ of
re & C. Figulo confuli- the Confuljfhip of L. Casfar^ and

C. figuiuSj he applies himfelf to
his ajfociates feparately firjt\ fome
he encouragedy others he triea-y he
acquaints them with his Jirength^
how little the governrtient was
provided to oppofe him^ and what
vaji advantages they might pro^
mife thmfelves from thejicccefs of
the conjpiracy, Jjter hehad fuf-
ficientiy fifted them witb relation
to his defign^ he dfaWs together
nere fenatorii' ordinis P. fuch of them as were under tbe
Lentulus Sura, P. Au- greateji difficulties^ and^appeared
tronius, L. Caflius Lon- the moji daring. Upon ihat occa-
ginus, C. Cethegus, P. fion affemhied of the Senatorian
& Ser. SullaB Servii filii, rank^Fuhlius LentulusSura^Pub"

lius JutroniuSy Lucius Cajftus Lon-
ginuSy Caius Cethegus^ Publius
andJServius the Sons of Sulla Ser-
C 2 \ Prse-

,bus, primo fingulos ap-
pellare ; hortari aiios, ali-
os tentare; opes fuas, im-
paratam rempublicam,
magna prdnia conjurati-
onis docere, Ubi fatis ex-
plorata funt, quae voluit ;
in unum omnesconvocat,
quibus maxuma necefli-
tudo & plurimum auda-
ciae inerat. Eo conve-

L. Varguntejus, Q^ An-
nius, M, Porcius Laecca,
L. Beftia, Q. Curius:

20

C. CRISPI SAL,LUSTn

Praeterea, ex equeftri ar-
fiine, M- Fulvius Nobi-
lior, L. Statilius, P Ga-
binius Ca|^to> C. Cqrne-
Jius: A4 l^ocj piulti ej^
coloniis & muni^ipiis do-
"mi nobilesi. Erantpraete-
rea comp^u^es paullo oc-
<:ultins cpnfilii hujufce
participes npbilesj quos
magis ^Gpiinationis fpes.
hortabatuT) quam inopia
aut alia n^cefiitudo. Csc-
terum, j^ventus pleraque^
fed maxum^ nQbiliun\,
Catilinj^ incoeptis faye-
bat. <^ibus in otio vel
magnifice vel molliter vi-
vere ^opi^ efat, incerta
pro.certis, bellvun, quam
pacem ipalebant. Fu-
ere item ea tempeftate,
qui crederent M. Licini-
um Craflilm .no^> igna-
rum ejus confilii; fuiff^ :
Quia Cnejus Pompgus,
invifus ipfi, magnum ex-
crcitum diiAabat, cvyufvis
opes voluifte contra illius
potentiam crefcere: Si-
mul con6f\mi, fi conjiwa^
tio valuifiet, facile apud
iUos principem fe.fore.
Sed antdk item conjura^
vere pauci, in quibus Ca-
tUina. De quo, quam
veriflume potero, dicam.

XVm. L. Tullo, M,
Lepidocofl['i P. Autroni-
us & i^. SuUa, defignati
f:onfules, legibus ambitus
interrogati, paenas dede-
rant. Poft paulio Catili-

viusy Lt4citis Vcirgtmt^jis^ ^jjg-'
tus ji^nii{Sy A&ircm Po>rfius Lac-»
cq^ {^uciiis B(/iia^ ^intus Cur^
Jiiusi affid ffe/fdes thefe^ (f Eque-
Jiria^ r^,^k^ Miar(4is Eidvius J^a-
bilior-i Lu(it^s S^qU^u^^ JPub^i^s
Gabiniu^s C^ipitj^ Ca'^^ Ckirmli^s ^
(md qver; ^iid (if^V.i ^^i^ ^^V^My^
ma^ fr^m th^ c^Ionies gn4 ^o-^
rougk^-tQSAms^ nobly i^^n^d. tkire^
7her£ ii^re liiew.ifr ^ gofld manji
rwbJe/ner^^ who ^nder^-hfifid c^t^-
tenanced tke A^Jigny whinrp, ^^
h^es of power^ mfisce tfsan wantj
or cfny ather necejftty^ engaged
the^ein, B.ut mofi of the yotitky
ejpecially gmotj^/i th^ nobility^ fan
vmr^d Cgtiline^s ui^rtaking\
who might have Uved ,in gre^if
quiet^ Jplendidly gnd pleafgntly:
But th^y chofe rather mcertainties
for things certain^ and war r<?-
ther thgtt pegce, Thfre were
fome too at that Hm^^ wko did r^-
glly belisisue^ ihai> M^rk Craff^s
was not urwcqumn^ed with th^
defign\ h^caufe Cn, Pawpeyy 'whmf
he mortaJiy hated^ ■ e&rrmand^ a
gregt arm^ to reduce^ whofe pow-
er^ he was regdy U:X^fe any one
whatever\ but k^id, /«?, if fbe
confpiracy f^cceeded^ to have the
chieffway, But before %his time^
fom few gerUiemfn hed entierei
into a: confpiracy agairi/i tbejiatey
of which Ccitiline wajs one^ cojf-
cerning which IJhiM here. give Qs
true ^n account as.I' cgru

XVIII. Jn the :Cmfulfiip tf
Lmcius Tullus and Aiari Lepidus^
Pubiius, . Jutronius gnd Ptiblius
Sulla Confuls ele&y kad heen pro-
fecuted for briheryy md punfjfhed.
Some Uttle time aftepf Catiline

na.

bi;j,li;m qatilinarium;

Zi

n^t pecqnianim refJiemn'
daFuip reus, proliibitus
^r^t petere coivfulatuin ;
^WkI' intra l^i^i^iQS die^
profiteri neqtiiveEat. £rat
^em tempore Cn. Pifo,
adol^fc^ns nobjli^ fum-
Wfia^ audacuip,^ens, fa;:-
lipfusi q\Aeffi ad p^rtvr-
.\))^dam r^^ipubUc^
;^Qpia atque niali mores
ili^pi^bsuit. Ci^iri hoc
C.s^tilina Sc Autrpnius,
circitei: Non§s P.ecembr.
90nfilip copHn^nicato,
parabsmt i{ik Capholio
Kale^disi Jaja\;^rX. Cot-.
tam & L. Torquatum
Coff. iaterficerp s ipfi, faf-
<ubua corrqptis, l^ifon^
jpufn exercitu ad obtmen-
4a8 duas Hifpanias i^itte-
re. Ea re cognit^ rur-
i^9 ia Nooas FQbruai*,
i^oniiUvim ca^4is ^:anftule-
runt. Jam tum npn
confulibus modo, fed ple-
rifque fenatoribus, pemi-
mta ma^binabkit^r.
Quod ni CsHUl^a i^i^tu-
t%Skt pro curia .figayiKi
ipciis dare; ep dji^ ppft
<K>n$ii(am url^m Roia[iam«
|>^umum ^cir»^s . patra-
^iim foret. Quia ii<E^ui;B
jr^uiances axit^^ti coAver
jijaracit i ea res ^ipfilium
4i(<emit.

. XIX. Ppfej^.Fifp iA
citeriorwi iiifpa|ii^l9i
<paeftor pco ^s^pm mi-
jus^, adnitent^ Craiibji
quod ^um inilpftuna Cn.
Pompgo cpgnpv^ipafr

b^lng lii^^^ifii profecuUd fnr ex-r
tortion^ y^as npt alkuied to Jiani
candidate^ fov t^e^ Cojgfuljhip^ he-f
caufs he did. not enpr kis name
for that purp^ej witffinjhe tim^
limited iy k^» Th^re ^fas ai
that time^ Cn* Pifoy q n^J^ yoiiih
of great b(^dnefs^ Pover^ an^ 4
fa^ious ^irif'^ Ivhom ifice ((n4
%vani togepher exci^ed to di/h^^k
the gQve^nTHer{tn Wi^th him (^?-
tiline and jiiitrojftius ^efiterinF in^^
a cabalj abq^t the n^nes. of De^
cemb^r^ . cqn^ to a refolutio^ . qf
affajjinaimg^ the frjiif Jm^ry
folkwingj tha.Confuls l^uke Cot^
ta,y eandXuke Torquatu^sri v^^ere^
upon they were to fei^e tf)& Q^
ful/hipy afld fsnd Ptfo with ^te
army^ to be governor . ofthe two
Spains, But the plot being difco^
veredj they drferred the in^tend^d
murther t^ ih^ nones of February.
And n6w tkiy propofed mt only to
tak^ off thi (^idsy but mo/i of
the Sengffirs. f^% And had not
Cdtiline, b^^t^ tpp bqfiy m giving
the ftgnot/ far that purprfe before
t)ie Sencijte-Mo^fey^^ that day would
have bem . epeefuted the hqrrideji
villany^i Ahat^ .had ever been per-
petrqtedf. frorn, the building of
Romcy to that time. But as there
was . nor^ great a^ear^nce cf th^
(^qnfpiraUrs^ that prevented the
fiXefiution.jfitbeir d^fign. .

XIX* Afierwards Pifo wa^
fint ^ajlor^ but with -t/^e au-
thority of Prator^ into Spain^y
hy the interejl of Craffus^j becaufe
he knevji him tp be a bitte^ enemy
of Cn* :PoTr(peyj the Senate not

Neque

22

C. GRISPI SALLUSTII

Neque tamen fcnatus
, provinciam invitus dede-
rat. Quippe faedum ho-
minem a republica procul
abefle volebat: Simul,
quia bonicomplures pras-
fidium in eo putabant, ic
jam tum potentia Cn.
Pompqi formidplofa erat.
Sed is Pifo, in provinci-
am, ab equitibus Hifpa-
nis, quos in exercitu duc-
tabat, iter faciens, occi-
fiis e(l. Sunt qui ita di-
cant, imperia gus injufta-
fuperba, crudelia, barba^
ros nequivifle pati. Alii
autem, equites illos, Cn.
Pompeji veteres fidofque
clientcs, voluntate ejus
Pifonem aggreflfos :'

Numquamhifpanos prae-
terea tale faclnus feciffe,
fed imperia faeva mtilta
antea perpeflbs. Nos
eam rem in medio relin-
. quimus. De fuperiori
conjuratione fatis didhim.
XX. Catilina, ubi eos,
quos pauUo ante memo-
ravi, convenifle videt, ta-
metfi cum fingufis multa
faepe egerat, tamen in
rem forecredens univerfos
appellare & coKortari, in
abditam partem aedii^m
fcceffit, atque ibi, omni-
bus arbitris procul amo-
tis, orationemhujufcemo-
di habuit. JV? virtusfi-
defque vejlra fatts fpeSfa-
ta mthi foret\ nequic^
quam vpportuna res ceci-
dijfet ; fpes magnOy dmi^

being averfe io the thtngy in or-'
der to get rid of fo troublefome a
fellow^ as alfo becaufe a great
many honeft men tbought good ufe
might be made of him in oppoji^
tion to the p&wer of Po^ey^
which was now hecomeformtda^
ble, But Pifo waSy in his march
for Spain^ affajfmated by fome
Spanijh horfe he had in his army.
The reafon whereof fome fay^
was his unjufty haugbty^ cruel
behaviour^in his commandj ivhicb
the barbarians were not able to
endure. But others will have it^
that th^e horfes Were fome old
trufiy clients ^ Cn\ PofnpefSy
and took off rifo by his encou^
tagement, For the Spaniards
had never been guilty of any
thing liie that brfore^ but had
bore the cruelty of feveral other
governors with patience, We
fhall leave the ntatter undeter-*
mined. And fo much for that
confpiracy.

XX» Wben Catiline faw his
company above-^mentioned affem^
bledj tW he hadbefore had much
conference with them fingly and
feparatefyy yet judging it proper te
fpeak to them all together^ and
encourage them to the work^ he
retired with them into aprivate
part of his houfe^ where he ad»
dreffedthem in the fottowing ha^
rangue. If your virtue and ho-
nour were not fufficiently known
to me, a moft lucky opjiortumty
for our intended proje6i would
have prefentcd itfclf in vain; vaft
hopes and dominion would hav«

natia

BELLUM CATILINARIDM.

23

nath in manibui ffu^
/ira fuijfent: Neque per
ignaviam aut vana inge-'
niay incerta pro certis
captarem. Sed^ quia muU
tis fcf magms tempejiati^
bus vos cognovi firtes fi-
dofque mihij eo animus
aufus eft maximum atqui
pukherimum facinus in^-
cipere^ ftmul^ quta vobis
eadem^ qua mihi^ bona
tmlaque effe intellexi,
Nam idem .veUe atque
idem nolUy ea demum fir^
tna amicitia eji. Sed^ ego
qua mente agitaviy om^
nes jam antea diviji au-
diftis, Caterum mihi in-
dies magis anipius accen^
ditury cum conftdero^ qua
conditio vita futura ftt^
niji nofmetipfos vindtca"
mus in libertatem, Nam
poftquam refpublica in
paucorum potentium jus
atque dittonem concejfit ;
femperlilUs reges^ tetrar-
cha ve^igales ejfe\ po-'
puliy nationes- Jiipendia
penderei cateri omnes^
flrenuiy boniy nobiles at-
que ignobileSy vulgus fui''
musy Jine gratiay Jtne
nu^oritatey his obnoxiiy
quibuSy Ji refpublica vale-
rety formidini ejfemus^
liaque ornnis grattay po-^
tentiay honoSy divttia
apud illos funty aut ubi
illi voluni: Nobis reli-
querunt periculay repuU
faSy judiciay egejtatem'
Slua quoufqui tdndem

drbpped intoourhands to ho pur-
pofe. Norwouldlforcertainties
purfueuncertainties,by the helpof
forry fellows nbt tobeaepended on
But as I have, upon many impor-
tant occaiions, lound you gallant
and faithful to me, I have thereby
been encouraged to engagc in the
greateft and moft glorious under-
taking that ever was, and the ra-
ther, becaufe I am.fenfible our in-
terefts are the vpry fame. For a
imion of intereft is the only laft-
ing bond of friendftiip. But you
have already each of you heard
apart what it is I propofe to gp
upon. And I am daily more hear-
tily difpofed thereto, when I con-
fider what fort of life we muft
lead, if we do not endeavour the
recoveryof ourliberty. For fince
ali power and authority has been
engroflfed by a few great men,
Kings and Tetrarghs have been
tributary to them 5 to them only
have the feveral nations and pro-
vinces of the Empire paid taxes.
The reft of us, however brave
and honeft, whether noble or ig-
noble, have been treated as mob
only, without intereft or autliori-
ty, in a flavifti fubjecSion to thofe,
to whom we fliould be a terrour,
if the government was upon a
right foot. Now all intereft, pow-
er, honour, and riches, are with
them, or where they pleafe. They
have left us nothing but dangers,
diflionour, . impeachments, and
want. And how long, my moft
gallant friends, will you take all
this at their hands? Is it not bet-
ter to die bravely, than to lofe a
miferable diihoaQurable life in z

pati"

H

acRisPiSALLusfii"

patUmihi^ finljffufm vi- drlgj^cefiilrnarmef-i dfteryouha^e

f-i? Nonne emri j)?r beehexpofedtothem(ultsofth6i1r

^irtutem praeftat^ quani haughty diidain?

^itam fhiferam atque inhBmJiainy ubi aiitniie fiiperbiee ludibYfb

fueris^ per dedecui amitiere? *

XXl. Ferum enimveroy ^ XXI. But, O Gods! Viadrf

Proh deum atque homi- is itl our hahds; \Vt are ih iht

prime of our ftrehgth, our mirtds
in fiill vigour: They upoh the
declhie both from age and luxu-
ry. We need but begin, the pro-
jeS will execute itfelf. For ivhisit
mortal, that has the fpirit of k
man in him, can crtdiire with pas.
tience^ that they ihbuld fo waU
!ow in rlches^ as to wafte thcm ifi
ftraitening,the very feas by thbS"
large and ftately buildings, and iii
the ievdlihg of fnbuntains, whilft
we are in waht of neceflaries :
That they fliouldhavetwohoufes
or more, and yre hone at all?
They, tho' they al^ ever purcha-
fing fine pidtures, ftatues, and
veffels of fine wotkrhanftiip, arfe
ever puDing down even new hou^
fes, and building them up agaih :
In ftiort, tfid' they contrive all
the ways and means imagihabte^
to wafte and confume their mb-
ney, yet with all their extrava-

vexant : Tamen fummoT gance they can fee no end of their

luhidine divitias fuas vin- riches: Whilft we have nothing

but waht at homc, and debt a-
broad, our condition bad, ^nd ouf
expeclatiofts worfe. Finally, what
have we left, but a wretched Hfe?
Roufe then, Gentlemen. Sce
now the Hberty you have fo oftcfi .
wiftied for, riches morebvcr, ho-
nouf and glory, are all in view,
Fortune offers all thefe rewards
to the conquerots. Let the cafe
itfelfj thc junilure, your danger,

lir

nutn fidem! vi^oria in
nmnu nohis ijl : Viget
getas^ animus valet. Con-
tra iltisy annis atque di-
^ifiis^ ornnia cmfenue-
runt, Tantumm&do in-
€apto opus ejl : Catera
res expediet. Etenim
^tiis mortalium^ cui virile
ingenium ejl^ tolerare po^
tijf^ itlis divitias fuperare^
quas profundant in extru-
mdcr mari t^ mMibus
€oaquandis 5 nobis rem
familiarem etiam ad ne-
£effaria deeffe? Illos bi"
naSj aut amplius^ dombs
continuare ; nobis larcrn
familiarerft nufquafn uU
lum cjfef Cum tabulas^
fignay toreumata emunt^
nova' diruunt^ alia adifi-
€ant : Pojfremo omnibus
tnodis pecuniam trahunt^

At nobis
foris as
resj fpes
Demque^
habemuf^

tere nequeunt»
5/? domi inopiay
alienum ; mala
tnulto afperior,
quid reliqui
prater miferam '
mamf .^in igitur
pefgifcimini ? JEn .. iilay
illa^ quam fape optajlis^
liheirtas \ prteterea divi"
l/V, decus^ giori-a in ^cH"

ani"
ex--

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

>3

lisjka Junt. Fortuna ea
omnia viSloribus framia
pofuiu ReSj tempusj pe-
rictdaj egeftas^ helli fpolia
mggmfica magisy quam o^
ratio mea^ vos hortentur,
Vel imperatore vel milite
me utimini. ' Neque ani^
mus neque corpus a vohis
aherit^ Hac ipfa^ utfpero^
vobifcum una conful agam :
nijiforte me animus fallit^
i^ vosfervire magis^ quam
imperare^ parati ejiis.

XXII. Poilquam ao-
cepere ea homines, quibus
mala abunde omnia e-
rant, fed neque res, neque
fpes bona ulla; tamedi
illis, quleta movere,
magna merces videbatur ;
tamen poftulare plerique,
uti proponeret, qua con^
ditio belliforet^ qua armis
pranua peterent ; quid a-
bique opis aut.fpei habe-»
rent, TumCatilinapoUi-
ceri tabulas novas^ pro^
fcriptionem locupletium^
magi/iratus, facerdotia^
rapinaSj alia omniay qua
hellum atque lubido viSfo-
rumfert. Praterea^ effi
in Hifpania citeriore JPi^
fonenif in AHauritania cum
exercitu P, Sitiuni Nu-
cerinum^ confilii fui par-
ticipes. Petere confutatum
C. Antonium^ quem Jibi
collegam fore Jperaret^
honunem (sf fanuliarem
^ omnibus necejjitudini^
bus circumventum. Qum
eo confutem fe initium

want, and the noble fpoils of a
war work upon you, more than
my fpeech. You ihall have me
cither for your leader, or your
fellow-foldier. Neither my body
nor mind (hall ever forfake you.
The things I am now fpeaking to
you about, I hope to a<Sl in pof-
feflion of the Confular dignity
conjointly with you, unlefs my
guefs faiis me, and you prefer ila-
very before power and dominion.

XXII. The company^ upon hear^
ing thisfpeechy tho^ they were all
wretched to the lajl degree^ and
without the leaji hope of any a^
mendment of their condition, and
tho* they were inclinable too to
think they might pojfthly find their
own account in a puhlick confufi^
on: yet moji of them defired to
know^ upon what terms they were
to engage in this war, or what
advantage they were to reap by itj
what ftrength they had, or what
hope^ of fuccefs. Then Catiline
promifed them a cancelling of ail
paft debts, a profcription of the
rich places in the magiftracy, or
the priefthood, free plunder, and
all things elfe that war, and the
licence of^conqueft, are apt to
produce. Befides^ he told them^
there was Pifo in Hither Spain,
and Publius Sitius Nucerinus in,
Mauritania, with an army, who
were both embarked with him in
the defign. That C. Antonius
was candidate for the Confulftiip,
whom he hoped to have for his
coUeague, a man that was his in-
timate frieud, and engaged in all
JD agendi

26 C. CRISPl SALLUSTII

i:^emii /aSfurttm. Ad pttAlbletiesaiidobUgatiofistofatm^

h^ m9ledi£)is increpa- that he woiild enter upon the af-

l^tomae^ honos^ ruomm f^r tn coajunj£tion with him. Ta

xmnmqmmqnG noaib-^ tUs he addcd, gnat dui of 'bit-^

naos, laudare^ adnwrure ter refle5lion upan all the hme/l.

alium egtftatis^ alium tu- p^^iy^ ^^ thtn naming his vum

piMtatis fua^ ^omplures fingly each^ one he hi^tly com-

periculi aut ignmini^y monded) another he put in ounil

multos vi£ioria Sullana^ of his povarty, anotim of kxB&^

quihus ea prada fuerat. thing h^ ionged for^ moft of

Poftq^m omnium ami- fthem of their daii^r or ihame^

9K>$ alacres vldet; cohor- and many of thdr fuccefs und^

tatus ut petttionem fuam SuUa^ whereby they hadbem en<^

curae haberent, conven- riched. And peruiving ihtm 4dl

tutn dimifit. to he much eievaUdy he advifed

them to taki car^ ofhis xniereji in
the enfuing eiemonj , and tben
breke up iheaffemhly.

XXIII. Fuere ea tem- XXIIL There were at tb^

peftate, qui dicerent, Ca- time fime who faid that Catiliney

tilinam, oraiione habila, after the nuiking tf this fpeeeb if

cum ad jusjurandum po- hisy adminiftered an oatb to bts

pulares fceleris £ui adige- feUow^confpiratorSy and oblig^d

ret, faumani corporis fan- them to drink a mi^tur^ of wim

guinem vino permixtum , and man^s bloody handed about in

in pateris circumtuliilb ; bffwls; which wben they bad doney

inde, cum poft exfecrati- in imitatim ofAe cuftnm jsfdrink-

onem omnes deguilavif- ing wine reun4 i» folem» facrifi-

fent, ficuti in foiemnibus ces he m$re fuUy difclofed' to them

facris fieri coniuevit, ape- his intenfionsy and told tbemy he

ruiile confiiium fuum: had made ufe of that ceremonyy to

alique eo di<5titare feciiie, engage them the more effsBuaUy to

<po inter iie magis iidi a faithful unammous execution of

foreot, alius alii tanti fa- fo noBle a deftgn. Butfome beHe-

cinoris ccmfcii. Nonnul- fued aU thisy and much more of

li ficia fc hac & multa tbe like kindy was mere fiQimiy

praeterea exiihimabant ab proceedtng from fuch as thought

iis, qui Ciceronis invidi- the odium^ which Cicero jxfter-

am, quae poilea orta ell, tvards feU under^ ?night he aba-
leniri credebant atrocitate . ted by the horrid wifkednefs if

, fceleris eorum, qui paenas thofe that were punijhed by him.

dederant. Nobis ea res For my party I muft own^ I have

pro magnitudine parum mt met with anyfufficient evidence

.comperta eft. for fo heinousa£harge*

XXIV.

j

BELLUM CATILINAklUM.

%f

XXIV. Scd in ca con-
juratione futt Q. Curius,
natus haud obfcuro loco,
flagitiis atque facinoribus
coopertus; quem cenfo-
res fenatu probri gratia
moverant. nuic homii^
non minor vanitas inerat,
quam audacia. Neque
reticere quc au^erat^
nequ^facerq quidquam
psnii ^abebat. £rat ei
cum Fulvia, muliere no-
biti, fhipri vetus confue-
tudo. Cui cum minus
gratus efibt, quod inopia
minus hurgiri poterat, re-
pente glorians maria
montifque poUiceri ; mi-
nari interdttm ferrny ni
Jibi obnoxia foret, Poftre-
mo, ftrocius agitare, quam
folitus «^t. At Fulvia,
infolentiae Curii caufa
cognita, tale periculum
reipublicae haud occultum
habuit; fed, fublato auc-
tore, de Catilinae ccmju-
ratione, quae quo modo
audierat, compluribus
narravit. Ea res in pri-
ITiis ftudia hominum ac-
cendit ad confulatum
mandandum M. TuUio
Ciceroni. Namque antea
pleraque nabihtas invidia
seftuabat, & quafi poliui
coriirulatum credebat, fi
eum, quamvia egregius,
homo novus adeptusfo-
ret. Sed ubi p^iculum
advenit, invidia atque
fuperbia poft-fuere.

A, ^,

r

^ ' i

-• . '-4

,^.

XXIV. Naw m thit con/fi^
racy was engaged ^ Curius^ de--
fcended of no mean family, but a
vile proj^gate wretch^ ^bom^ the
Cenfars^ for his fcandalous tife had
Jhruck ottt ofthe tiji of tht Sena^
tors, This man had an equaljhare
of vanity and impudencey was nei-
ther ahle to contain a fecret^ nor '
even to conceal his own wicked /,
pranks'y in Jhorty he neither re^^'^'^^^''
gerded what he fsddy or what h^csi^ ^a
did . He had an oid intrigue witL /^ ; ^ ,
one Fulvioy a lady of noble birth j ^^
but dedimng infavour with hery ' . /'
by reafon of his pQverty^ which ^^
difabled bim for making the pre-
fents Jhe expe^ed from himy he
begun all on a fudden to bounce^
and promifeher golden mounlainsy
and fometimes threatened to ftah
her, if (he would not comply vritb
his inclinationsj andinfborty be^
haved in a mmb moh fawcy
haughty mannery than be had ever
been ufed to do before^ Fidvia^
when.Jhe eame to underjiand the
occafim of all this infolencey made
no fecret of the danger the Jiaie
zvas iny but told to feveral all
Jhe had heard relating to Catiline*s
confpiracyy yet zuithQutnamng hsr
author, This difcovery made the
peopte in general %ealous far chu"
fing M. TuUy Cicero'ConJuL For
before thisy almoji all the nobiliiy
ujed to fret witk envy^ and hok
upon the Confular. dignity as dtfi^
ledy when any perfm d^low birthy
bow excellently qu^ified Joever be
waSy happened to pmcure ihe fame.
But nowj upon ihe appearance of
this dangery envy andpr^ide vet*
vijhed at once*
D2 XXV.

i ■ :

/'^'< V

V Jt ,•!>

a8

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

XXV. Igitur, comitiis
habitis, confules decla-
rantur M. TuUius & C.
Antonius. Quod faftum
primo populares conjura-
tionis concuflerat. NeqUe
tamen Catilinae fliror mi-
nuebaturj fed indies plura
agitare ; arma per Italiam
locis opportunis parare ;
pecuniam, fua aut ami-
corum fide fumptam mu-
tuam, Faefulas ad Man-
lium quemdam portare;
qui poflea princeps fuit
belli faciundi. Ea tem-
peftate plurimos cujufque
generis homines adfcivifle
fibi dicitur j mulieres eti-
am aliquot, quae primo
ingentis fumptus fiupro
corporis toleraverant ;
poft, ubi aetas tantum-
modo quaeftui, neque
luxuriae modum fecerat,
aes alienum grande con-
flaverant. Per eas fe
Catilina credebat pofte
fervitia urbana folicitare,
urbem incendere, viros
earum vel adjungere fibi
vd interficcre.

XXVI. Sed in hiserat
Sempronia,. quae multa
faepe virilis audaciae faci-
nora commiferat. Haec
mulier genere atque for-
ma, praeterea viro atque
liberis fatis fortunata fuit:
Literis Graecis & latinis
doSa ; pfallere, faltare ele-
gantius, quam necefle eft
probaej' multa alia, quae
inftrumenta luxuriae funt.

XXV. Accordingly at the ^ff-
fuing ' ele^iiin^ M, Titlly and C.
Antonius were declared Confulsy
which at firji gave a great Jhock
to the conjpirators, However^ the
madnefs of Catiline did not abate
upon it at alL He was every day
more and ' more taken up with
frejh projeSfs'y he lodged arms in
the moji convenient places for his
dejign^ up and down Itaf/y took
up money upon his own credit^ or
that of hisfriendsj and fent it to
FafuUe to Manlius^ who was af-^
terwards the firji that appeared
in armsfor the caufe* He is faid
at the Jame time to have drinvn
in great numbers of all ranks^ and
fome womenj who in the prime cf
their years hadfupported their ex^
travagance hy pro/iitution; but
when age put an end to that trade^
tho^^ not their luxury^ had run
themfelves into a great deal of
debt. Catiline expeSfed by thetr
means to engage the city-flaves for
him^ to fire the town^ and either
draw over their hu/bands to join
himy or murther them.

XXVI. Amngft thefe was
Sempronia^ who had in her time^
with a boldnefs very uncommon
with the fexy played a great many
mad pranks. This woman was
happy in' her extra£tion and per-
fon^ as likewife a hufband and
children \ a great mijirefs of the
Greek and Latin tongue-y wotdd
play upon an in/irument^ and dance
more finely than any honeji wo^
man needs to do-y and in feveral

Sed

BELLUM CATILINARIUM,

29

tum abjuraverat, caedis
confcia fuerat, luxuriaat-
que inopia praeceps abie-
rat. Verum,ingeniumejus
haud abfurdum. Pofle
verfusfacere; jocum mo-
vere ; fermone uti, vel mo-
defto, vci moUi, vel prpca-

Sed €1 cariora fempcr om- other articles of luxufyjhe was
nia,quamdecusatquepu- very nice and dexirous. But
dicitiafiiit. Pecuniae anfa- far decency and chajiityy thofe were
mae minus parceret, haud the leaji ofher care. It was hard
faciledifcemeres.Lubidine to fay^ whether Jhe was more la-
(\c accenfa, ut fsepius pe- vijh ofhef money^ or her reputa"
teret viros, quam petere- tion, She was a woman of that
tur. Sed ea fgepe antehac furious lufi^ thatjhe more frequeftt^
fidem pro&derat, credi- ly made advances to the men^ than

they to her. She had frequently
contrary to her promife given^ re-
vealed^ fecrets^ adjured what had
been left in trufi with her^ had
heen guilty of murther^ and^ at
the injiigation of luxury and po^
verty together^ had run headlong
into all manner of wickednefs, But
ci. Prorfus multae facetiae, flie was a woman ofparts^ could
multulque lepos inerat. write verfesy was very facetious^
and equaUy fitted for modeji or wanton converfation, In
fhort^ Jhe was an exceeding pleafant witty womanm

XXVII. His rebus XXVII. But notwithfianding
comparatis, Catiiina ni- thefe preparations for the executi-

on of his projeSt^ Catiline decla-
red himfelf a candidate for the
Confuljhip againfi ihe next year ;
in hopes^ if hejhould he chofeny of
making Anthony his tooL In tbe
mean time he was not idle^ hut
ufed his utmoji endeavours to take
off Cicero^ who wanted not cun^
ning and dexterity on his part to
countermine all his contrivances.
Fofy asfoonas he entered upon the
office of conful^ hy large ptromifes
to Fulvia^ heprevailedwith ^in^
tus Curius^ whom I havemention-
ed a little ahove^ to difcover to
him all the dejigns of Catiline.
And further^ hy the affurance of
a province^ he , engaged Anthony
not to aSf againfi the ^overn^
ment\ and had privately guards
of friends and clients ahout him.

Cir-

hilominus in proxumum
annum confulaturo pete-
bat; fperans, fi defigna-
tus foret, facile fe ex
voluntate Antonio ufu-
rum. Neque interia qui-
etus erat, fed omnibus
modis iafidias parabat Ci-
ceroni. Nequ^ illi tamen
ad cavendum dolus aut
aftutiae deerant. Namque
a principio confulatus' fui,
multa per Fulviam poU
licendo efFecerat, ut Q.
Curius, de quo paulo ante
memoravi, confilia Cati-
linse fibi proderet. Ad
hoc, coUegam fuum An-
tonium pad^ione provin-
ciae perpulerat, ne contra
rempublicani fentiret :

30 C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

circum fe prafidia amico- fFhen thr day tf ekSiim eame^

rum atque clientium oc- and Catilim found ihat neither

cuite habebat. Poftquam his fuit for the Csnfutflapj mr

4ies coinitiorum veni^ & his plot fir (iffaffinating the Con^

Catilinae neque petitio, fuls in the field of Marsy fuc^

neque infidiaB, quas con» ceeded^ he refolved upon epin war^

fuK fecerat, profpere cef- \ and to try the utmofl extretmty^

ferej conftituit bellum Jince all his underhand emtrivan^

facere, & extrema omnia ces had miferably mifcarried.

tfxperiri; quoniam, quae / , /^ . "- ^^.^.jf^ . ..

occuke tentavcrat, afpera ''^ * '*<*- < . .^ ^. ^
faedaque eveneranl:.

XXVIII. Igitur C. . XXVIII. Jccordingly he dif^

Manlium Faefulas, atque patched away C. Manlius to F^^

in eam partem Etruriae^ fui^ to take care of his concerns

SeptimiumquexrtdamCa- there^ and in the neigbbouring

mertem in agruQi Pice- parfs of Etruria j one Septimius

num, C. Julium in A- Camers into the territory df Pi^

puUam dimifitj praeterea cene^ and C Julius into Apulia.

alium alio, quem ubique Others Ukewife he fent off^ one

opportunum fibi fore cre- one way\ and another another^

d€lbat. Intcrea Romse where he ihought they might be

multafimulmoliti: Con- mojl fubfervient to his dejign. In

fuli infidias tenderc. Pa- the mean time he was carrfmg m

rare incendia. Opportuna feveral trojeSiSy one to murther

ioca armatis bominibus the Conful; another toftrethe cityi

obfidere. Ipfe cum tdo another tofecure pr^er places with

«fle, item * alios jubere, an armedforce^ He had akvays

hortari, uti femper intenti a fword about him^ and ordered

paratique eilent, Dies the reji ta be provided after the

noiStiique feftinare. Vi- fame manner; and defired them

gilare, neque infomniis to be always ready^ and prepared

neque labore fatigari. Po- for a^ion*. He was day dnd night

ftremo, ubi multa agitaiiti in a hurry^ got littlejleep^ and yet

nihil procedit, rurfus inr was not fatigued with the ivant

tempefta noile conjurati- of it^ or all the pains he under"

onis principes convocat went^ Finally^ when all his en-r

perM. Porcium Laeccam, deavours proved abortive^ he a^

^bique multa de ignavia gain fummms tbe principal tf.the

leorum queftus, docet fe ^confptrators^ hy M. Porcius Lac-

pramififfe Manlium ad ca^ to repair to his houfe in the

eam multitudineniy quam dead time of the night\ and. there

ad capiunda arma para- complaining havily oftheir want

perati item alios in -alia rffpirit and a^fivity^ he informs

loca

BEtLUM CATILINAHIUM.

31

loca cpporiumij fui in^
itium belli fflurt^\ jt-
qufi ad exercitum frfi--
Jkifcf cupere^ fi prius
Ciceronsm (fp^^^ •
Eum J^s cfinfiSis mul"
tufn (ffi^ere^

tbm^ that he ind &nt Man&ns
brforc him to tiie pcopk lie had
pfiepared to tgbe i]p arm$, aod haii
likisipife di^mched avray othen jn-
to proper pbces, to be^ the war :
And that fae idinfelf was ddiroiis
_ tiogo tothearmf, laitiffantfid to

takje off Cicero fifft* for that he veiy nuidi obdniAed hi»
defigns.

XXIX. Igitur, p<er- XXIX. y///ifc rejt^hiing di^
teiri<is ae did>itaflti]9«s fpiriti^j asfinstst aUfsrtuard t$
c^^finSj C» Coratdius e- engiage infiuh mm affmr^ C^ Cor»

udius^ a Roman Knight^ 9ffinr£d

bis firvice^ and iogttber witb

himy Lucius yarguntejus^ a JSena^

tor, Tbey prspofid to gotbat vi"

ry nigbt witb arnud men to Ga^

rc^s boufiy and enter it^ mder

pretence of paying th^ir refpeiis^

and then taflaJl unexpieiiediy upon

bim and fiah ' b^m^ unprosfided

for a dejence. Curiusj i^o^find»

ing baw great a danger tbe Con^

Adi iQ;]^ndeat| pmpere fulwas in^ immediately difpaube$

per Fulviajn Cicero&i do- away FulviaJo bim^ io giy^ bim

natice of tbe defign. Wbereupon
tbe ajjaffim were denied qdmit^
tanciy aad^that' plat was Uafied»
In tbi mean timiy Manlius in jE-
truria follicits the common people
to rifi^ who were ripefir a rebeL'
lion^ infiigated by their poviriyj
and refintment of tbe injufiiee
tbat bad been done tbem^ having
been firipped of iheir. Jands and
goods under th^ tyranny tfSuUa*
Hi iikiwifi ittcouragid robhers cf
all kinds to como in tohim^ ofwbicb
magna <:opia jerat, noa- . tbire was great plenty In that
ijulTos ex SiiUanis jCqIo- country. Some likewije he picked
nis, quibus li^bido atque upfrom amongfi the oldfildiers of
luxuria ex magnis rapinis Sullay whom he had fettied in the
nihil rdiqui fecerasit. pffijfion of lands in that country^

to whom lewdnefs and luxury had left nothing of all the
greatfpoil they had made under him^ XXX.

que» B.Qm. operam fuajoa
poUicitus, & cum eo L.
Vargunt^sfenatic^ coa-
ftituere ea w&t paulo
poft, cum armatis Jiomir-
nibui^ ficuti iali^tEtum,
iairoir^ ad Ciceronem, &
de improviib domi ftue
mxparatum cwfodere.
Curlus, ubi intelligit^
quantum periculum. con-

i>un, cpii parabalur, jenun-
ciat. Ita ilii janua prohi*
biti, tanjtum f^icinus ftu-
ftra fufceperant. Interea
Maidias in Etruria ple-
bem folicitare, ^geftate
fimul .ac dolo^e injutiae
00 varum reivm cupidam }
qupd SuU® don^inatione
agrps bonaque omnia
amilenU; pi^terea la-
trones c^ulque generis,
qtitorum .ea in regione

3^

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

. XXX. EacumCice-
roni nunciarentur, anci--
piti maio permptus, quod
neque urbem ab infidiis
privato confilio longius
tueri poterat, neque ex-
ercitus Manlii quantus, aut
quo <x)nfiiiQ foret,' fatis
compertum habebat, rcm
ad fenatuln refert, jam
antea vulgi rumoribus
exagitatam. Itaque, quod
plerumque in atrod ne-^
gotio folet, fenatus de-
crevit, darent operam
confuhij nequid refpublica
detrimenti caperet, Ea
potefias per fetiatum, mp-
re Romano, magiftratui
maxuma permittitur,' ex-
ercitum parare, bellum
gerere, coercere omnibus
modis focios atque civis;
domi militiaeque imperi-
um atque judicium fum-
mum habere. Aliter, fi-
ne populi juffii, nulli ea-
rum rerum confuli jus
eft.

XXXL.Poftpaucosdi-
es L. Senius fenator in fe-
natu literas recitavit, quas
Faefulis allatas fibi dicebat
a Q. Fabio; in quibus
fcriptum erat, C. Manli-
um arraa cepifle, cum
magna muititudine ante
diem VL^ Kal. Nov. fi-
mul, id quod in tali re io*-
let, alii portenta atque
prodigianunciabant: aJii,
cbnventus fieri, arma por-
tari, Capuae atquein Apu-
lia fervile bellum moveri.

XXX^ UpoH advice of this^
Cicero being tnoved vjith a fenfe
of the double danger that threat-'
ened the Common-weaithj hecaufe
it was neither pofftblefor him^ hy
his own fingle endeavours^ any
hnger to /ecure effeStually the city
againfi the plot\ nor had he any
certain account of ihe number of
Manlius*s army^ or how he de^
figned to proceed\ he lays the mat^-
ter before the Senate^ which was
alreaay become the common talk of
the town. Upon thisj according
to ancient cuflom in a time of
great danger^ the Senate pafs*d a
votCy That the Confuls mould
take care, and provide for the fe-'
curity of the fcitej. Now iyfuch
a vote as ihis^ the Qonfuls become
invejiedwith a very extraordina-
ryauthorityy' of raifing troopSj
Uvyir^ war^ and exercifing aforV
pf defpotick ponXjer^ as well over
the Romansy as their alUes^ both
athome and abroad. Otherwifcy
without tbe people^s order^ a Con-
ful has no authority for any ifthefe
things.

XXXL' Afewdays after this^
Lucius Senius a Senator read a
letter in the houfe^ which hefaid
was brought himfrom Fafula by
Sluintus FabiuSy giving an ac^
count, that C, Manlius had taken
up armsy with a vafi number of
people^ upon the fixth of the ca-
lends of Novemher. At the fame
time^ as it ufually happens infuch
cafesy fome brought riews ofjirange
omens and prodigies^ others ofun^
ufual affembli^Sy and the hurrying
of arms from place to place; and
that thefidves were up at Capua

Igitur

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

33

Igitur fenati decreto Q^
Marcius Rex Fjefulas, Q*
Metellus, Creticus in A-
puliam, circumque ea lo-
ca miiTi. Hi utrique ad
urbem imperatores erant
impediti, ne triumpha-
rent, calumnia pauco-
rum, quibus omnia hone-
fta atque inhonefta vcn-
dere mois erat. Sed prae-
tores Q. Pompejus Ru-
fus Capuam, 0^ M^el*
lus Celer in agrum Pice-
numj hifque permifTuin,
uti pro tempore atque pt*
riculo exercitum compa"
rarent, . Ad hoc, ft quis
indicajfit ,de cof^uratione^

and in Apulia. Wher^re by or^
der ofthe Senate^ ^ Marcius Rex
was difpatched away to Fafula^
^ Metellus Creticus into J^ulia^
and the places tbereahout, Thef(\
two gentlemen were at that tim^
in the command of armies^ attend-
ing nigh the . city^ in ea^e^ationof
the honour ofa triumph ; but were
baulk^dby the jpiteful erideavours
of fome^ whofe cujiom was to d9
any thing^ right or wrongy for
money^ and nothing withaut. The
Prators too^ j^ Pompeius Rufits
wasfent to Capua^ and ^. MeteU
lus Celer into the territory of Pi^
cene^ with comnuffions to levy
troops astheexigency ofthe times
and the danger might require. Be-"
quee contra rempublicam Jides the Senate voted 2l reward of
faSia eraty pramium^ hisfreedom, and a hundred thou-

fandfeflerces, toanyilave; anda
pardon, widi two hundred thou-
fand fefterces, to anyfree-man,
that would make afty aifcovery re-
lating to the ccmfpiracy tben, opi
foot againilthe goVemment. Thjsy
likewtfe orderedj That gladiiitdrs
fhould be difperfed in Capua, ^nid
otherborough-towns, innumb^s
proportionedto the abilities c^each
town for the fupport of them, aod
that conftant guards (hQuld4>e kept
upand downRome, commanded
by the inferior magiftrates.
«XXII. By all thefe things
bus permota civitas, at- " the city was put into a mighty con^
que immutata facies ur- Jiernation^ and the appearance
biserat: ex fumma laeti- thereof very much changed\ and
tia atque lafcivia, quae from a Jiate of jollity and wan^
diuturria quies pepererat, tonnefs^ which a long quiet had

produced^ a dfnal concern fpread

through the whole town. There

was nothing but hurry andfright

E homi-

fervo lihertatem IS fe^
Jiertia centum \ libero
impunitatem ifjus rei &
fe^ertta cc. Itemque de-
crcvere, uti familiec gla^
diatoria Captiam & in
catera municipia di/iri*
buerentur pro cujufque
opibus i Roma per to--
tam urbem vigilia ha"
berentur^ ^ifque minores
magijiratus praejfint.

XXXII. Quibus rc-

repente omnis triftitia in-
vafit. Feftinarc, ttepi-
dare, neque ioco, neque

34

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

homihi cuiquain fatis cre-
derej neque bellum gere-
re neque pacem habere.
Suo quifque metu peri-
cula metiri. Ad hoc,
mulieres, quibus pro rei-
publicas magnitudine belli
timor infolitus incefierat,
afflidare fefe ; manus
fupplices ad coelum ten-
dere ; mifereri parvos li-
beros ; rogitare ; omnia
pavere; fuperbia atque
deliciis omillis, fibi patri-
«que diffidere. At Ca-
tilina& crudelis animus
eadem illa movebat, ta-
. metfi praefidia paraban-
tur, & ipfe lege Plautia
interrogatus erat ab L.
Pauio. Poftremo, dif-
fimulandi caufla, & quafi
fui expui^ndi, ficuti
jurgio laceifitus foret, in
fenatum venit. Tum
M. Tullius conful, five
praefentiam ejus timens,
five ira commotus, ora-
tionem habuit luculentam
atque utilem reipubjicae,
quam poflea fcriptam edi-
dit. Sed ubi ille Idfedit,
Catilina, ut erat paratus
ad diflimulanda omnia,
demiflb vultu, voce fup-
plici, pojiulare a patribus^
ne quid de fe temere cre^
dirent : Ea familia or-
tuni^ ita ab adolefcentia
vitam in/lituij}^ ut om-
nia bona in fpe haberet,
Ne exifiumarent^ ftbi pa^
trich homini^ cujus ipfi-^
us atque majorum pluri-

every where, No one thought any

place^ or any company fufficiently

fecure. They had neither war nor

peace^ and every one meafured the

danger by his own fears, Notu

the women^ full of the apprehoi"

fion of war^ ivhich^ by reafon of

the grandeur of the Romanfiate^

they had not been before ufed tOj

bemoaned their cafe mojl difmally^

Kft up their hands in prayer to

heaven^ bewailed their little chil''

dren^ were full of enquiry after

news^ afraid of every thingy and

dropping their pride^ nicenefs^ and

finery^ all at once^ gave up them^

felves and their country for gone.

But the cruel foul of Catilihe Jiill

purfued the fame wild pfoje&s^

notwithjianding all the precauti^

ons thatwere taken again/lhim;

and tho^ he himfelfwas impeached

upon the Plautian law hy Lucius

Paulus, At lajl he made his ap-

ptarance.in the Senate^houfe^ in

order to cloak his villany^ . and a«-

der pretence of clearing himfelfy

as if he had been ivrongfully de-

fatrud, Then- M, Tully the Con-

fulj whether apprehen/ive of ill

« confequences from his appearance

there^ or fired with refentrnent^

made a very finejpeech^ very fuit^

able to the occafmi ^ which he af-

-• terwards put in tvriting^ andpub-

Iffhed. ' But after he. fate down^

Catiline^ ashe was a finijhed ma-

Jier in the art. of' difftmulation^

with a dejeSied look^ and humhle

tone^ begun to beg of the houfe,

not rafhly to belieye what v\ras

faid of him ; that his family was

fuch, and he had frbm his youth

led his life in fuch a manner, that

W<7-

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

3S

blica opus ej/ey cum eam
Jervaret M, TuUius^ ih-
quilinuji civis urbis Ro-
ma. Ad hoc, maledi(9a
alia cum adderet ; obftre-
pere omnes; hojiem^ aU
que paricidam vocare,
Tum ille furibundus,
^uoniam quidem circum-
ventusj inquit, ah inimi-
cis^ praceps agor^ incen-
dium meum ruina extin-
guam

ma beneficia ' in plehem -he had reafon to expe6t€very thing
R. ejfent^ perdita repu- he could wi(h for. He requejied

of them^ they would not believe,
that hea ncAleman, who had himy
felf, as wellashis anceftors, done
raany fervices for the people of
Roine, ftiould have any occafion
to feek the defltuftion of the com-
monwealth, whilft M. Tully,
who was but a tenantin town,
fl»od up for its prefervation. As
he proceeded in his reJie£fions upon
the Confulj there was a general
outcry raifed againjl him by the
houfe^ as an enemy to his countr}%
and a parricide. Upon which he^ in a mighty rage^ faid^
Since I find myfelf circumvented, and puflied upon extremi-
ties by my enemies, I will gut out the fire oFyour houfes,
with the utter demolition of them.

XXXIII. Dein fe ex XXXIII. Withthat hegot ha^
curia domum proripuit. fiily out of the houfe^ and went
Ibi multa.fecum ipfe vol- home-y where conftdering with

himfelf that his deftgns upon the
Conful came ta nothing^ and that
the city wasfeeured againft his in-
tention ofburning it^ bywatchand
wdrd conjiantly kept\ he thought
his heji courfe would be to increafe
his army^ and to- make his advan"
tage by feizing ofproperplacesfor
his purpofcy before the legions - de-
nofte intempefla cum figned to oppofe him were raifed,
paucis in Manliana caflra Accordingly ahout midnight he
profedhis eft. Sed Ce- went off^ with a few attendants^
thego atque Lentulo, cae- for Maniius's camp. But recom"
terifque, quonjm cogno- mended to Cethegus and Leniulus^

and others^ whjfe zeal and hold^
nefs he was affuredof by all pof-
fiblc means to ftrengthen theirpar-
ty, to gefrid of Cicero as foon as
poflible, and prepare for a mafla-
cre, firing oTtlie town, and other
a£ts of war: That he would im-
mediately come to the city with a
great army. XXXIV.

vens, quod neque infidiae
confuli procedebant, ^ &
ab incendio intelligebat
urbem vigiliis munitam,
optumum fa£hi credens
exercitum augere, ac
prius, , quam legiones fcri-
berentur, multa anteca-
pere quas bello ufui forent.

verat * promptam audaci-
am, mandat, quihus rehus
pojjent^ opes faSlionis con-
firment^ injidias confuli
maturent\ "cadem^ in^
cendiay aliaque belli fa-
cinora parsnt: Sefe pro^
pediem cum magno exer-
citu ad urbem accejfurum.

36

C. CRISFI SALLUSTII

XXXIV. Dum haec
Romae gcruntur, C.
Manlius ex fuo numero
legatos ad (^ Mardum
Rcgem mittit, cum^nan-
datis hujufcemodi: £>eos
haminefque tejfamur^ Im-
feratoTj nos arma neque
cantra patriam cepijfe^ ne-^
que quo periculum aliis fa^
ceremus^ fed uti corfora
no/ira ab injuria tutafo-
rent \ qui miferiy egen-
tesy violentia atque cru^
delitate fceneratorum^
plerique patria^ fed omnes
fama atque ^ fortunis ex-
pertes fumus. Neque cui^
quam nojlrum licuit^ mo^
re majorum^ lege uti i
nequcy amijfo patrimonio^
corpus liberum habere ;
tanta favitia fosnerato-
rum atque pratoris fuit^
Sape ^ majores noflri^
miferiti plebis R. decretis
fuis inopia ejus opitulati
funt. Ac noviffime^ me-
Tnoria noflra^ propter
magnitudinem aris alie-
pij volentihus omnibus ho^
nisy argentum are folu-
tum ejl, Sape ipfa ple^
heSy aut dominandi Jiudio
permota^ . aut fuperbia
fnagiflratuum armata^ a
patribus fecefjit. At nos
non imperium neque divi^
tias petimus\ quarum fe^
rum caujfa^ hella atque
certamina inter mortalis
funt\ fed libertatemj
quam nemo honus, nifi
cum anima fimul^ amit-
tit. 7e atque fenatum

XXXIV. Whilji thefe tbings
are doing at Rome^ C.Manlius
fentfome of his lieutenant-generals
to ^ Marcius Rex^ with a mef-
fage to this effe^. We call Gods
and itien to witnefs, noble Gene-
ral, that we have not taken up
arms either againft our country,
orto bring others iri danger, but
only to defend our own perfons
froni illufage, who beingreduced
toaftate of mifery and want, by
the violence and cruelty of our
creditors, are moft of us bani(hed
our country, but all c?f us ftript
entirely ot our credit and fortunes.
Nor could any of us have the ufual
bef^efit of the law for our protec-
tipn, or enjoy the liberty of our
perfons, after the lofs of our e-
ftates; fuch was the cruelty of
our creditors, and the Pra^tor to-
gether. Our fore-elders frequenjt-
ly took pity of the commons of
Rome, and by their decrees re-
lievcd their want. And lately ih
our own times, by reafon of*
the great debt that multitudes were
involved in, brafs was made to pafs
in payment for filver, weight for
weight. The Commons have
frequently in their ftruggles for a
ftiare of power and authority in
the govemment, or upon provo-
cation from the pride of the ma-
giftrates, cometo anopenbreach
with the Senate. But we neither
defire power, nor riches ; for the
fake of which all the wars and
contentions, that happen amongft
mankind, are raifed. * 'Tis liberty
only that we requeft, whichno
brave man is willing to lofe, but
withhislife. Wc therefore beg

Qbte'-

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

37

ohteftamur^ confulath mi*
ferts civibus\ Ugis prafi-
dium^ qtud iniquitas pra"
ttris eripuity rejiituatis%
neve mbis eam neceffitu-^
dinem intponatis^ ut qua^
ramusy qumam . modoj
maxume ulti fanguinem
ni^rum pereamus,

XXXV. Ad hac Q.
Marcius refpondit: Si
qnidab fenatu petere veU
ienty al armis difcedanty
Romam fupplices proficif'
cantur, Ea mifericordia
atque manfuetudine fena^
tum populumque Roma-^
num femper fuifffy ut nC"
mo unquam ab eo fru/ira
auxilium petiverit. At
Catilina ex itinere pkrif-
que confularibus, praete*
rea optumo cuique literas
mittit: Se falfts crimi^
nihus circumventumy quo--
niam faSiioni inimicorum
refi/iere nequiverity for-
turne cedercy Maffdiam
in exfilium proficifci :
Non quod ftbi tanti fcele^
ris confcius effety fed uti
refpublica quieta forety
neve ex fua contentione
feditio oriretur, Ab his
longe diverfas literas Q.
Catulus in fenatu recita-
vit ; quas fibi ' nomine
Catilinae redditas dicebat.
Earum exemplum infra
fcrlptum eft.

XXXVI. L. Catilina
^ CatuloSn Egregia tua

of you and the Sienate, to tJike the
care of us yoqr fdlow-^tizens un-
der confid^tion, and reilore us
the protcftion of the law, which
thc iniquity of the Praetor took
from us ; and that you would not
layus under a neceffity ofcon-
fidering how we may fell our lives
at the deareft rate.

XXXV. To this ^ Marcius
made ^nfwery If thcy had any
tliing to requeft of the Senate,
they ought to lay down their
arms, and apply with alldue fub-
miffiontoRome. ThattheSenate
and people of Rome had always
Ihewn themfelves of fo mild and
merciful adifpofition, thatnoone
cver applied to them for their af-
fiftance in vain. But Catiline in
his journey^ fent letters to mc/i of
the Confular gentlempn in RomCy
efpecially thofe of thc heji charac^
ter amongji theniy fignifyingy That
whereas he had been on all hands
perfecuted with charges of a hei-
nous nature, utterly falfe, and found
it impoffible to uand againft the
faftion of his enemies, he fubmit-
ted to his fate, and was going to
Marfeilles, to fpend his daysin ba-
niftiment there ; not that he was
confcious to himfelf of the vilhny
he was charged with, but in regard
folely to the quiet of his country,

• and to prevent the diftjurbance his
coi^tefting with his enemies might
occafion. But ^. Caiulus read in
the Senate-houfey a letter quite dif-^
ferent from all thefe^ whichy he
faidy was deliveredhim asfrom Ca-
tiline^ a copy ofwhich follows.

XXXVI. L. Catilineto Q, Ca-
tulus, greeting. Your extraordi-

fidesy

38

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

fides^ te cognita^ grata
mihiy magnis in meis pe^
ricuiisy Jiduciam commen-
dationi w^ea tribuit,
^uamobrem defenjionem
in conjilio novo non Jiatui
parctre : fatisfaSiionem ex
nulla confcientia de culpa
proponere decrevi : ^a
medius Jidius licet vera
mecum cognofcas, Injuriis
contumeliifque concitatus^
quod^ fru£fu laboris in-
du/iriaque mea privatus^
Jiatum dignitatis non ob~
tinebamy publicam mife^
rorum cauffam pro mea
confuetudine fufcepi, Non
quin as alienum meis no-
minibus e^x poffejjionibus
folvere poffem ; cum ^
aliis nominibus iiberali-
tas Aureliie OreJiilLs
fuis fiUaque copiis per-
foiveret, Sed^ quod non
dignos homines honore
honejiatos ^idebam^ mcr
que faifa fufpicione aiie-
natum efje Jentiebam ;
hoc nomine Jatis, honejias
pro meo caju Jpes reliqua
dignitatis confervanda
fum fecutus, Plura cum
fcribere veilem^ nuncia-
tum eji mihi vimparari,
Nunc Oreliiiiam tibi com-
mendoy tuaque fldet tra-
do, Eam ab injuria de-
fendas^ per iiberos tuos
rogatus. Haveto.

nary honour, known to me by ex-
perience, and for which I am obiir
gedtoyou, gives me the aflurance
of recommending my caufe to
you, inmyprefentdiflrefs. And
in dependance upon your under-
taking it, I would not ftand upon
my defence in the uncommon
meafures taken againfl me, bnt
for the prefent contented myielf
with the fatisfaftion arifing from" a
confcioufnefs of my innocence,
which I do aver upon my honour
to be real. Provoked by injuries
and indignities, inbeirigrobbedof
the fruits of my labour and indu-
ftry, and not fufFered to keep the
honourable ftation that belonged
to me, I publickly undertook the
caufe of poor ppprefled people,
agreeably to my former way of
life. Notbut that I could have-
fatisfied my own creditors out of
my own eftate, whilft the genero-
fity of Oreftilla would have done
the fame for others myfriends,
out of her own and her daughter's,
eftate. But finding worthlefs men
advanced to places of* truft and
power in the govemment, and
myfelf fet afideupon a groundlefs
fufpicion, I have, I think, confi-
dering my circumftances, purfued
means honourable enoughforthe
prefervation of the remainder of
dignity left me. I fliouid have faid
more to you, but word is juft
brought me, that we aregoing to
be attack'd. I recommend to
your prote<SKon Ordlilla. SufFer
her not to be ill ufed, I beg of
you, as you wifli well to your
own cbildren. Farewel.

XXXVII.

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

39

XXXVII. Sed Ve>
paucos dies commoratus
apu4 C. Flamixuum in
agro Reatino, dum vici*
nitotem antea fplicitatam
armis expmat, cum faf-
cibus atque aliis imperii
infignibus in caiha ad
Manlium contehdit Haec
vJtn Roms comperta
funt, fenatus Catilinam
t^ Manlium hoftis judi-
cat \ catera mtdtitudini
diem Jfatuit^ ante quam
liaret Jine fraude ah ar-*
mis dtfcedere^ prater re^
rum capitalium condem-
natis, Praeterea decer-
nit, uti confuks deleSfum
habeant ; C. jtntonius
cum exercitu Catilinam
perfequi maturet ; Cicero
urhiprafidiojit, Ea tem-
peflate mihi imperium
populi R. multo.maxu-
me miferabile vifum eft ;
cui cum ad occafum ab
ortu folis .omnia domita
armis parerent, domi oti-
um atque divitiae, quae
prima mortales putant,
affluerent; fiiere tamen
cives qui feque remque
publicam -obfiinatis ani-
misperditumirent. Nam-
^ue, duobus fenati decre-
tis, ex tanta multitudine,
neque praemio indudhis
conjurationem patefece-
rat, neque ex caftris Ca-
tilinae quifquam.omnium
difceflerat. Tanta vis
morbi, atque uti tabes,
plerofqe civium ani.nos
invaferat.

XXXVII. Hejiay^d afew days
with C, Flaminius Fhmmaj in
the territary of ReatCy Uill he
could proFoide the neighhoarhoodj
which had heen engaged in • the
caufe hefore^with arms^ and then
marched with the Fafces^ anU
other enfigns of commandj to Man^
lius^s camp. When the news of
this was carried to Rome^ tbe Se^
nate voted Catiline and Manlius
enemies, and fix'd a day for the
troops under their command, with-
in which, if they laid down their
arms, they wereaflured ofa par-
don, except fuch as had been con-
demned for capital crimes. They
likewife ordered the Confuls to le-
vy anarmy, which C. Antoni-
us was to lead with ail expedition
agaiiift Catiline, whilft Cicero was
to provide for thefecurityofthe
city. The Romanjtate at that
time feenCd to me, to he in a moft
piteous conditio1i'y whenj tho' all
nations from the rifing of the fun
to the fetting of the famey were
reduced to their obediencej and
there was at home a ' profound
peacey and a prodigious affluence of
richeSy whtch men are apt to pre-
fer hefore every thing elfe: yet
were there a fort of peopUy and
Romans tooy who were ohjiinately
hent upon their own ruin^ with
that of the commonweaitb, For^
notwithfianding the two votes a-
bove-mentionedy there was not one
of fo great a number concerned in
the ploty that was prevailed upon
by tbe reward offeredy to make the
leajl difcoveryy nor one deferted
Catilirie^s camp, Sojirangely were
their minds infe^ed with a dijpe-^
fition to rehellion and mlfchief •

v>

¥>

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

XXXVIIL Nequefo-.

lum iilis alieda mens erat,

qui confcii conjuratio&is

foerant ; fed omnino

cundia plebes^ novaruih

renim fhidia, Catilinse

incQepta probabat. Id

adeo more iuovidebatur

facere. Nam femper in

civitate, quibus opes nul'-

lae funt, bonis invident^

malos extoUunt > vetera

odere, nova exoptant;

odio fuarum rerum mu-

tm omiiia fludent; tur^

ba atque ieditionibus fine

cura aiuntur, quoniam

egeitas fcxile habetur fine

damno. , Sed urbana jde^

hes ea vero praeceps ierat

multisdecauilis. I^rimuih

omnium, qui ubique pro*

bro atque petulantia

maxume prs^bant; i-

tem alii, per dedecora,

patrimoniis amiiHs; po-

ilremo omnes, quos ila-

gitium aut facinus domo

expulerat, hi Romam,

iicuti in fentinam, con-

fluxerant. Dein multi,

memores SuUanas vi6to-

riae, quod ex gregariis

militibus alios fenatore«

videbant ; alios ita divites,

ut regio vi^ atque cul-

tu setatem agerent; iibi

quifque, ii in armis foret,*

ex vi(ftoria talia fperabat.

Praeterea juventus, quse

in agris manuum mercede

inc^iam toleraverat, pri-

vatis atque publicis lar-

gitionibus excita, urba-

XXXVni. Nor wastlmthe

tafe only ef thofe that were con^

cerHed in the cotfpiracy ; but the

xjuhole bvdy (f the common teopU

were defirous of a revolutton in

the govem?nent^ and approved af

Catiline^s defigm Ani berein they

feemed to a^ only according to their

ufual tempir ^nd difpojition* For^

in all govimments^ the poorer fort

are apt to ewvy • the good, and ex-^

taU the had; hate a eonftitution

thty have been ufed tOy andwifii

fir a new one\ and fr0m a diffa^

tisfaSfion with their own circum-

Jiances^ endeavour to have mll

things turn'd upfids^down, ba^

caufe in a time ^fpublick difordsr

ana confufion^ they find an eajy

fubfiftance^ as having^ by reafon if

their povertyj nothing to lofe, But

the tommonaky of Romsj ^fpeciaUy

at this time^ wore Jrom feveral

caufes grown extremely corrupt. In

the firji place^ tbe moft prafligjate

wretches eviry where^ and fuch

as badwujied thrir eftates byjcan-^

dalous extravagance\ finally^ all

whofe vitiajnis had farced thsm

from their native country^ floclc^d

to Rome^ as a comman fewerfor

the reception of all mannef of

filth. And then again^ many re-

fleSiing upon SuU^s fuccefs^ and

how they had feen many raijed

from the degree of eommm foldters

to the digmty of 8enetors^ and

tnany Jo enriched^ as . ta live like

Kings aii their iives ajfter^ every

?nijnj in cafe of a war^ hopedfor

the likcy from the fuccefs of his

party, Befides^ the young fellows

tbat lived in the country by their

labour^ tempted to town by the

ntim

BELLUM CATILINARIUM,

4<

num otium ingrato labo*
ri praetulerat. £os atque
alios omnis tnalum pub-
licum akbat. Quo mi-
nus miraudum eft, ho-
mines egentis, malis mo-
ribus, maxuma i^ rei-
publicas juxta ac iibi
confuluifle. Prsetereaquo-
rum, vic^oria Sullae, pa-
rentes profcripti, bona
.erq>ta, jus libertatis im-
minuium erat, haud fane
aiio animo heiii eventum
expeSabant- Ad hoc^
quicunque aliflrum atque
fenati partkim erant,
coQ.turbah lempublicamy
quam minus valere ipfi,
inalebant. Id adeo ma-
lum multos poft annos
in civitatem reveitmt.

XXXIX. Nam poft-
quam Cn, Pompqo &
M. Craflb COSS. tri^.
bunitia poteftas reftituta
eft, hoxnines adolefcen-
tes, fummam poteftatem
na£ti, quibu$ a&tas ani-
mufque ferox erat, coe-
pere, fenatum criminan'-
do, piebem exagitare ;
dein largiundo atque pol-
licitando magis incendere ;
ita ipfi clari potentefque
fieri. Contra eosf fumma
ope nitebatur pieraque
nobilitas, fenati fub fpecie,
pro fua magnitudine,
Namque, uti paucis ve-
rum abfolvam^ per illa

private andpublick Iflrgejjis therf
Jiirring^ preferrfid Qn idle life
there to h^irdworking in the coun-^
try. Thefe^ and the rejf l mm^
tioned^ were fuhfjied by the trou^
bles of the fommmvealth j and
therefore it is not to be wondered^ '
that a pack offcrubby rafcally fel-
lows^ wiihfuch a view before them^
jhouldjuji b( as much concernedfor
the good of the puhlick^ as thry
. had been for their own before, Be*
fides too^ all thofe whyc parents
had been profcribed under the ty^^
ranny of SuUa^ who had had their
ejiates confifcatedy or b^en disfran^ .
chifed^ had much the like expe&a*
tionsfrom a war^ as th'e others had*
And moreover^ they whb were ofthi
party oppofite to the Senate^ choff
rather to have the Jiate invohei
in confufwn^ than not ^Jtfjrry their
point % a humur which had for
many years laid dormantj but was
nowjiarted up in the city again»

XXXIX. For aftfr the revivai

ofthe Tribunitian authority ijj tht

Carfuljhip of Cn. Pompey and, M,

Crajfusy raw young gentlcmen of

great fpirits^ gctting into poffeffwn

of that high dignity^ began by

railing at the Senate^ to incenfe

the commonality againji them \ and

then by throwing away their mo^'

ney upon them^ and making mighty

promifes of what great things

they would dofor themy they infia-r

med themfiiU the morej and were

themfelves in high vogue^ and car^

ried all before them, Thefi. wen

oppofed by tke gre^atefi part ^ the

nMiiyy under .pretence . of promo-

tmg the power jjj^ th.e Senate^ but

in reality for their oivn. foK^ tp

F tem-

— V-

42

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

tempora quicumque rem-
publicam agitavere, ho-
neftis nominibus, alii, fi-
cutijura populi defende-
rent, pars, quo fenati
audtoritas maxuma foret,
bonum publicum fimu-
lantes, pro fua quifque
potentia certabant ; ne-
que illis modeftia, neque
modus contentionis erat :
Utrique vi6toriam crude-
liter exercebant.

XL. Sed, poftquam
Cn. Pompejus ad bellum
maritimum * atque Mith-
ridaticum miflus efl:, ple-
bis opes imminutae, pau-
corum potentia crevit.
Hi magLftratus, provin-
Cias, aliaque omnia tene-
re: Ipfi innoxii, floren-
tes, fine metu aetatem
agere, caeterofque judiciis
terrere, .quo plebem in.
magiftratu placidius trac-
tarent. Sed ubi primum
dubiis rebus novandis fpes
oblata eft, vetus certa-
men animos eorum ar-
.rexit. Quodfiprimoprae-
ho Catilina fuperior, aut
acque manu difcefllflet ;
pToi^o magna clades at-
que calamitas rempubll^ '
cam opprefliflfet : Neque
illis, qui viftoriam adepti
forent, di^^tius ea uti ii-
cuiflet^ qliin xlefeflis &
e^fanguibus, qui plus
poflet, imperium atque
iibertatem extorqueret;

fay the truth ai once^ aU the di^^
Jiurbers of the~ publick at that
timt^ under plaufihle pretencesj
fome of ajferting the rights and
privileges of the peophj others of
advancing the authority ofthe Se^
nate^ pretending all to have no-
thingfo much at heart as the pub-
lic goody did in reality JHckle every
one only for their own power-y
and that without any regard to
modejiy or moderation at fiU, And
hoth fidesy as they happened to pre-
vaily made a cruel ufe oftheir vic^
tory.

XL. But when Cn, Pon^y
wasfent to the war againfl th^Pi-
rates and MithridateSy the power
of the commons begun to decline^
and that of a few to rife upon it,
Thefe engroffed the publick offices
ofjlatey theprovinces and aUthings
elfe 5 Uv^d in great eafcy grandeur
and fecurityy and kept the refi in
conjtant apprehenfions of profecu-
tians and impeachmentSy in order
to render the commons moTfe tatne
and fuhmiffwe, But asfoort as any
hapes of a revolution prefentedy the
commons took hearty and begun to
play the oldgame over agaim And
if CatiUne in the firft hattle had
come off conquerory or but with
equal advantagCy the pubiici would
have been engaged in the mo/i ter-
rible circumfiances of ruin and de^
foUition ; nor would thofe who got
the viSforyy have kng enjoyed it ;
hut the moji potent amongji thetiiy
would have forc^d from the refi
weary and lifelefs with ihe difputcy
aU powery and their Uberty with-* -
all, However there were feveral
not concerned in the confpiracyy wha

Fuere

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

43

Fuere tamcn extra con-
Jurationem cbmplures,
qui ad Catilinam initio
profeiftifunt. Inhib. eratA.
Fulvius, fenatoris filius ;
quem retra£bim ex itine-
re pater necari juiTit. Iif«
dem temporibus Rom^
Lentulus, ficuti Catilina
praeceperat, quofcunque
xnoribus aut fortuna no-
vis rebus idoneos crede-
bat, aut per fe aut per
alios folicitabat ; neque
folum cives, fed cujuf-
quemodi genus homi-
num, quod modo ufui
bello foret.'

XLI. Igitur P. Um.
breno cuidam negotium
dat, uti legatos Allobro-
gum requirat; eofque, fi
poffit^ impellat ad focie-
tatem belli; exiflumans
publice privatimque aere
alieno opprefibs, praete-
rea quod natura gens
Gallica bellicofa effet, fa-
cile ad tale confilium ad-
duci poffe. Umbrenus,
quod in Gallia negotiatus
erat, plerifque principibus
civitatum nOtus erat, at-
que eos noverat. Itaque
fine mora, ubi primum
legatos in foro confpexit,
percun6latus pauca de
ftatu civitatis, . & quafi
dolens ejus cafum, requi-
rere coepit, qusm exitum
tantis malis fperarent,
Poftquam illos videt queri
de avaritia magijiratu*
um^ accufare fenatum^

at firji weut over to Catilinej tf-
n^ngfl them ji. Fulvius a Senator's
fon ; who was fetched hack again^
before he could reach the camp^
and put to deathj by the order tf
hisfather, At thefame time Len^
tufus at Romey agreeably to the in-
JiruSfions of Catiline^ endeavoured
by himfelf or others^ to engage in
the caufe allfuch as he looked upon
to be dtfpofed by theirvices or ill
circunjiances for a rehellion^ and
not Citizens only^ but any kind of
men whatever^ tfthey could but be
ofany fervice in the war.

XLL Accordingly he employs
one P. Umbrenus to feek out the
ambaffadors of the Ailobroges^ and
perfwade them^ if pfffihle-, to join
in the war ; fuppofing that as the
J^ate ofthe AUohroges^' as weli.as
great numbers of private perfons
amongfi them^ wert fadly encum-
bered with debts^ and as the whole
nation of the Gauis was naturaiiy
wariikey they might eafiiy be drawn
intofuch a deftgn, Umbrenus hav-
ing foiiowed the empioyment of a
merchant in Gaui^ was acquatnted
with moji of the ieading men tiure,
Wh^refore without more ado^ as
foon as he fet fight on the amhaffa-'
dors in the forum^ he briefiy en-.
quiredhovf matters went at hdme-
with them* And as.Jf hn wat
concerned for their condition^ Ije
bogun to afk them;yfhether they
hadany liopestofee an end of their
raisfortunes ? Upon their compiain-^
ing of the greedinefs of the magi-
. ftracy bf Rome, and railing at the

F 2 quod

44

C: CRISPI SALLUSTII

guod in eo auxiHi nihil
^it'y tmferiii fuis reme"
dium mortem expeiiare :
jtt fgOy inquit, vobisy Ji
modo viri effe vultisy ra-
iionem oftendam^ qua tan^
i^ mata ifta eftbgiatis*
Haec ubi cuxit i AUobro-
ges) in fpem maxumam
adduiSti) Umbrenum ora-
rc, uti fui mifereretur,
Nihil tam afperum^ neque
iam difficile effe^ quod non
eiipidij/iime fa&uri ejfenty
dum ea res civitatem are
alieno liberaret. Ille eos
in domum Decimi Bruti
perducit j quod foro pro-
pinqua erat, neque aliena
confilii, propter Sempro-
niam. Nam tum Brutus
ab Roma aberat. Pras-
terea Gabinium accerfit,
quo major audloritas fer^
moni ineiTet. Eo prsefcnte
conjurationem aperit, no-
minat focios, prseterea
multos cujufque generis
innoxios ; quo legatis a-
nimus amplior eiiet: De-
in eos pollicitos operam
fuam, domum dimittit.

XLIL Scd Allobroges
diu in incerto habuere,
quidnam confilii cape-
rent. In altera parteerat
aes alienum, ftudium belli,
magna merces in fpe vic-
toriae, At ia ^tera ma-
jores opes, tuta confilia,
pro incerta fpe certa prae-
mia. Haec illis volventi-
bus, tandem vicit fortu*-*
na rcipublics. Itaque Q.

Scnate for giving them nd rclief ^

and faying that they expeaed

death muit be tbe only cure for

tbeiir mifcry : But, j&yf he^ if you

will adl like men, ril (hew you a

way how «to get rid of all your

misfortunes^ The Allohroges hear-^

ing this from him^ and ihereupon

conceiving mighty hopes^ hegged of

Umbrenus tQ tsi/t pity of them.

Thcre was, they faidi^* tiG^mg to

hadh or fo difficQlt^ they weuld

not giadly do^ to eafe their ftate of

fuch a vaft load of debt. He car^

ries them to the houfe of D.^Brutus^

becaufe it was nigh the forum^

and the family no ilUwifnert to

the defigny through Sefhpronia,

For Brutus was at that time abfent

from Rome, Umbreifus fends too

for Gabinius-, to give the greaier

weight to what hefhouldfay. Af-

ter he came^ he dtfcovered the plot

to tbem^ names thofe that were

concerned in ity dnd a great many

more of all ranks that were not^

to beget in the ambajfadors a hetter

liking of the bujinefs, Upon pfo-

mifmg their afftftance^ XJmbrenus

dtfmiffed them.

XLII. But the Allobroges were
a long time in doubt what courfe to
take. On one fide were their
debts^ an inclination to war^ and
great advantage ' to be hoped for
from a vi^ory, But on the other^
greater benefit to theinfehes^ fafe
meafures^ certain rewards injhad
of uncertain hopes, After they had
mufedfome time upon the matter^
at laji the fortune of Rome pre-
vailed, Accordingly they difoever

Fabio

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

45

trockiio civitas plurimum
utebatuf) rem omnem^
ud cognoverant) aperi-
unt. Cicero, pcr San-
gam concilio cognitp, k-
gatis praecipit, ut ftudium
conjurationis vehementer
iimUlenty caeteros adeant,
b^ne polUceantur ; dent-
que operam, ut eos quam
maxumi manifeftos ha-
beant.

XLIII. lifdem fere
temporibus, in GalUa ci-
teriore atque ulteriore,
item in agro Piceno, Brut-
tio,. Apulia motus erat.
Namque iUi, quos ante
CatiJina dimiferat, incon-'
fulte, ac veluti per de-
nientiam, cunfta fimul
agere : Nofturnis confi-
liis, armorum atque te-
lorum portationibus, fe-
ftinando, agitando omnia,
plus timoris, quam peri-
culi, efFeceiant. £x eq
numero compluris Q.
MeteUus Celer prsetor,
ex S. C. cauffa co^ita,
jn viticula conjecerat ;
item in citeriore Gallia C.
Mursena, qui ei provincise
legatus praeerat.

XLIV. At Roma
, Lentulus cum caeteris,
qui principes conjuratio-
nis erant, paratis, uti vi-
debatur, magnis copiis,
conftituerat, uti, cum
Catilina in agrum Faefu-
lanum cum exercitu ve-
niflet,. L. Beftia tribunus

tbe whole dffair^ as they had heard
it^ io ^inius Fabius Sangay whofe
paironage ibe.fiaie of the JllUbro^
ge$ rmch itfed^ dcero underjland-'
ing the matter fr&m Sanga^ ordfrs
the ambajfadw t§ pretend a hugt
liking and xealfar the confpiracy^
to get into ibe eompany of the refl
of thofe cmcerned in tt^ promife
their utmoji afftftance^ and endea'-
vour to have as plain and ample
proofagainft them as poffible.

XLIII, yfbout the fame time^
there was great bttffle in hither
and further Gaulj as alfo in the
country of Picene^ the Bruttiiy
and JpuUa. For thofe whom Ca^
tiline had difpatched thither^ in-
confiderately and madly a£fed all
things at once ; andby their night^
affemblies^ the carriage of arms
up and down^ and huge hurry^
and hajiy aBion^^ caufed more of
fright than danger. A great'^
many of them the Prator ^.
Mttellus Celer^ as in^owered by
the authority of the Senate^ try-
ed^ and clapt in chains 5 as like"
wife did C. Muretna in hither
Gauly who prejided as deputy go-^
vemor over that province.

XLIV. But at Rome^ Lentu^
lusy wiih the otber ringleaders of
ihe confpiracy^ having provided^ *
as they thought^ a fujficient force^
refolved^ that^ as foon as Catiline
tuas come with hts army into- the
country of Frefulee^ L. BeJiiaTri-
bune of the cormnons^ fhould call
the people together^ and comflain

pkbis

4.6

C. CRISPi SALLUSXII

plebis, concione Iiabita,
quereretur de a£tionibus
Ciceronis, bellique gra-
viflumi invidiam optumo
confuli imponejet ;\ eo
iigi^o, proxumtX/ nofte"
csetera multitudo coaju-
rationis fuum qmfque ne^
gotium exfequeretur. Sed
ea divifa hoc modo*dice-
bantur. Statilius & Ga-
binius uti cum magna
manu duodecim fimul
opportuna loca urbis in-
cenderent, quo tumultu
facilior aditus ad confulem
caeterofque, quibus infi-
diae parabantur, fieret,
Cethegus Ciceronis janu-
am obfideret, eumque vi
aggrederetur, alius autem
alium. Sed filii familia-
rum, quorum ex nobili-
tate maxuma pars erat,
parentes interficerent ;
fimul, csede, & incendio
perculfis omnibus, ad
Catilinam erumperent.
Inter haec parata atque
decreta, Cethegus femper
querebatur de ignaviafo"
ciorum : IlloSy duhitan^o
& diis prolatando mag-
nas . opportunitates cor-
rumpere-y facfo^ non con-
fultOy in tali periculoy
apus effe ; Seque^ fi pauci
adjuvarenty languentibus
aliisy impetum in curi-
am fa£iurum. Natura
ferox, vehemens, manu
promptus erat : Maxu-
mum bonum in celeritate
putabat.

of Cicero^s proceedings, aiyt lay
the odium of fo dang&rous a %var

, upon the heji of Confuls \ and
ihat^ upon this fignal^ the night

following^ the reji of the confpi"
racy fhould every one mind the
proper hufinefs ajjigned them ;
which was as follows^ Statilius
and GahiniuSj atten^ed with a
confiderahle body of men^ were.sto
fire the city^ in twelve places the
moji convenient for their purpofiej
that in the confufion ouajioned
therehy^ they might the more eajily
come at the Confulsy and others
they defigned to affaffmate. Ce-
thegus was tofecure the entrance
into Cicero^s houfey and fall upon
himy whiljl others were elfewhere
employed in the like wicked dejigns.
Then young gentlemeny the great^
eji part of which were of noble
familiesy were tokill their fathersy
and during the dijira^fion of the
town^ frx)jn the maffacre and the
fire togethery they were all to faUy
outy and march ojf to Cataline^
In the mid/i of thefe prepdrations
and refolveSy Cethegus was conti-^
nually complaining of the back-
wardnefs of the reft. That theyby
their hefitation and delay ruined a.
very hopeful caufe ; that in an en-
terprize of fo much danger, there
was, he faidy more occafion for
aftion than debate; and that for
his part, he w^s ready, if a few
only would but ftand by him, let
jhe reft fleep if they would, to at-
tack the Senate. Cethegus was na-*
turally of a ■ daring violent fpirity
and thoughi the fuccefs of their
caufe depended upon pujhivg ii
with vigour,

XLV.

y

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

47

XLV. ScdAllobroges,
cx praecepto Ciceronis,
per Gabinium caetcros
conveniunt: ab Lentulo,
Cethego, Statilio, item
Caffio poftulant jusjuran-
dum, quod iignatum ad
civis perferant : aliter
haud facile eos ad tantum
negotium impelli pofle,
Caeteri nihil fufpicantes
dant. Caffius femet eo
brcvi venturum poUice-
tur, ac pauUo ante lega-
tos ex urbe proficifcitur.
Leptulus cum his T.
Volturcium quendam
Crotonienfem mittit, uti
AUobroges, prius quam
domum pergerent, cum
Catilina, data atque ac-
cepta fide, focietatem
confirmarent. Ipfe Vol-
turcio literas ad Catili-
nam dat; quarum ex-
emplum infra fcriptum
eft.

^is ftm^ ex eoj quem
ad te mifi^ cognofces.
Fac cogiteSj tn quanta ca-
lamitate fisj li memine"
ris^ ti virum effe, Con-f
fidereSy quod tua ratio-
nes pofiulent. Auxilium
fetas ah omnibusj etiam
ab infimis. Ad hoc, man-
deta verbis dat : cum ab
fenatu hofiis judicatus fit^
quo confilio fervitia repw
diet, In urbe parata
effe^ qua jufferit*. Ne
cu)n6letur ipfe propius ac^
cedere.

XLV. But the Allohroges^ ac^
cording to Cicero^s inflru£fionSy
procured by Gahinius*s meanSj a
meeting withHhe refi of the Con^

fpiratorSy Ot which they infifted
upon an oath from Lentulus^ Ce-

^theguSj Statihus and Caffius^ un"
der their hands andfeals^ to carry
to their mafiers at home^ pretend-
ing it would he otherwife impoffible
to engage them in * an ajfair of fo
great importance ; which the reft^
having no fufpicion oftheir defign
in itj readtly granted. But CaJJius
affured them he would he in their
country very fpeedily^ and accord-"
ingly left the town a little before
the amhajjadors, Lentulus fent
along with them one T, Volturcius
of Croton^ that they might farther
ratify what had heen agreed on^
with Cataline himfelf hefore they
went home ; and gave rolturcius
a letter for Cataline^ a copy of
whichfollows.

You will underftand who I am
that write to you by the bearer.
Confider the calamitous circum-
ftances you are in, andremember
you are a man ; and confider fur-
ther too what yourcaufe requires.
Scek affiftance from people of all
conditionsj even the meaneft. He
moreover infiru^ed Volttircius to
ajk hiniy fince he was declared an
enemy by the Senate, what he
meant by refufing to accept of the
affifliance of flaves. That all things
in town were ready acccrding to
his order ; and therefore that^he
ftiouldnot delay to advance forth-
with.

XLVI.

+8 ' C. CRISPI 8ALLUSTI1

XLVL His rebus ita XLVL Vpon this, the nighf

afti^ conftituta noSe hing fix'd fir $he departure of

qua proficifcerentur, Ci- ths amhajjadors^ Cicero being in-^

cero, per legatus cun(3a firmed hy them cf all that had

edo(9iis, L. Valerio Flac- pajfed^ orders th^ Prators L. F^

co & C. Pomtino prae- lerius FJaccuSy and C, Pomjtinus^

toribus imperat, uti in to go and lie in wait for the am^

ponte Mulvio per infidias bc^adors at the Mulman bridge^

Allobrogum comitatus acquainting them at thefame time

dq)rehendant. Rem om- with the wbsle affair^ and lcav-

nem aperit, cujus gratia ing the management to their dif^

mittebantur. Caetera, uti cretion. Thefe gentlemen having

fa£to opns fit, ita agant^ ie^n in the nulitary frvicey ac-^

Homines militares, fine cording to their orders^ witbtmt

tumultu praefidiis coUo- any hujlle^ plant tbemfelves with

catis, ficuti prxceptum an armed force nigh the bridge^

erat, occulte pontem ob- and lie fnug there Uill the arri-

fidunt. Poftquam ad id val of Volturcius with the amhaf^

loci legati cum Volturcio fadors \ upon which a jhout wds

venerunt, fimul utnmque fet up on hoth fides. The Gauh

clamor exortus eft. Gal- quickly underjlanding the matter^

li, cito cognito confilio, imnudiately furrender tbenfelves

fine mora praetoribus fe up to the Prators. Volturcius- at

tradunt. Volturcius pri-, firfi ,calUng upon his men tojiand

mo, cohortatus caeteros, by him^ drew kisfword in his de^

gladio fe a multitudine fence; hut,heing deferted hy the

defendit; dein^ubialegatis amhajfadors^ he hegged hard rf

defertus eft, multa prhis Pointinus^ with whom he had had

de falute fua Pomtinum an acquaintance^ to fpare his life^

obteftatus, quod ei notus and then in great fright and de*

eratj poftrerao timidus fpair^ furrendered himfelf to the

ac vitae diffidens, velut Prators^ as ifthey hm heen ene-^

hoftibus, fefe praetoribus mies.'
dedit.

XLVII. Quibus rebus XLVII. Jn .account of this af

confecHs, omnia propere fair was immeMatdy carried to

per nuncios confuli decla- tbe ConfuL, who mas thereupon

rantur. At iUum ingens full of concern dndyoy all at once,

cura atque laetitia fimul He was glad to think^ that hyfo

occupavere. Laetabatur fuU a dfcovery of tbe pkt^ the ci-

inlelligens, conjuratione ty was mw dclivered fro?n the

patefa6ta, civitatem pe- danger it had heen in\ and then

riculis ereptam effe : por- again^ as the perfons concerned in

ro autem anxius erat, in the yillany^ were of the higheji

max-

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

49

maxumb fcdefe tantis ci-
vibus jdeprehenfis, quid
fa6lo opus efiet;,poenam
illorum fibi oneri, impu-
nitatem perdundae reipu-
blicae fore credebat. Igi-
tur, confirmato animo,
vocari ad fefejubet Len-
tulum, Cethegum, Sta-
tiliumj Gabinium, item-
que Coeparium Terfaci-
nenfem, qui in Apuliam
ad concitanda fervitia
proficifci narabat. Caeteri
fine mora veniunt. Cce-
pa:rius, pauUo ante domo
egreflus, cognito indicio,
ex urbe profugerat. Ccm-
ful Lentulum, quod prae-
tor erat, ipfe manu te-
nens, in fenatum pcrdu-
cit; reliquos cum cufio-
dibus in aedem Concor-
diae venire jubet. Eofena-
tum advocat, magnaque
frequentia ejus ordinis,
Volturcium cum lcgatis
introducit ; Flaccum pra?-
torem fcrinium cum lite-
ris, quas a legatis accepe-
rat, eodemadferrejubet.

XLVIII. Volturchis
interrogatus de itinere^ de
literis^ fojiremo quid^ aut
qua de caujfa^ conftlii ha^
huijjet ; primo fingere alia
omnia, diflxmulare de con-
juratione ; poft, ubi fitde
public^ dicere juflus eft,
omnia, uti gejla erant^
aperity docetq ; Je paucis
ante diebus a Gabinio £ff
Ccepario focium afcitum :
Nikil amplius fcire^ quam

'rank and quality^ he was infime
douht with himfelf how to proceed
againji them, The punijhment of
them might fall heavy upon him-
felfy he ihoughty and to let them
pafs unpunijhed would be ruinous
to the puhiic. Wherefore^ takirtg
couragej he orders Lenttehis^ &-
thegusj Statilius and Gahinius to
be fummoned before hiin^ as alfo
Gctparius of Tcrracina^ who fvas
upon the point ofgoing into Apulia^
to raife ihe flaves there, The reji
ofthem carhe immediateiy. Ccepa-'
rius heirig gone from home d little
hefore thefummons camcy and hav-"
ing fome notice of the hufinefs^
hadflipt out oftown. The Conful.
tCiking Lentulus hy the hdndy be^-
caufe he was Prator^ condu£ts him
into the Senate-houfe ; and orders .
the rtji under a guard to repair to
the tentpie of Concord, Thifher
hefufnmoHt the Senate^ and therc
heing afuU houfe upon the Qocajion^
he introduces rolturcius wifh the
amhaffadorsy and orders the Prtt*
tor Flaccus to hring in a 'hox with
the iettersj which he bad from the
ambajfadors.

XLVIII. Folturcius heing quef;
tioned about his joumey, and the
lettefs, and what his defign was,
or upon what account he had uii-
dertakenthejoumey; atfirjimade
ufe offome idie pretences^ wrthout

Jayin^ a word of ihe confpiracy.
But being ajfured upon the public

faith of his pardon^ if ^^ wouid
declare tbe truth^ he made a fuil
difcovery of ali\ and toid them
that a few days beforc hfe had been
drawh inbyGabkiius ahdCijepari-^
G iegdtos :

50

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

legatos ; tantummodo au-
dire folitum ex Gabinioj
P. Autronium^ Ser, Sul-
lam^ i. Varguntejum^
multos praterea in ea
conjuratione ejfe\ Eadem
Galli fatentur. At Len-
tulum diiGmulanteni co-
arguunt, praeter literas,
fermonibus, quos ille ha-
bere folitus erat^ ex libris
Sibyllinis^ regnum Romte
iribus Corneliis portendi^
Cinnam atque Sullam an-
tea^ fe, tertium effe^ cui
fatuM foret urbis potiri ;
praterea ^b incenfo Ca^
pitolio illum effe vigefi-
mum armum^ quem fape
ex prodigiis harufpices re-
fpondiffent bello civili cru^
entum fore» Igitur, per-
le£lis literis, cum prius
omnes figna. fua cogno-
vijflent, fenatys decemit,
utiy abdicato magiJiratUj
Lentuius ifemque cceteri
in liberis cujiodiis habe-
antur^ . .^t^4^^ Lentulus
P. Lentulo Spintheri, qui
tum aedilis erat, Cethegus
Q. ComificiD, Statilius
C. CaBfari, Gabinius M.
Craflx), Cceparius (nam
. is pauUo ante ex fiiga re-
tradlus erat) Cn. Teren-
tio fenatori traduntur.

XLIX. Interea plebes;
Conjuratione patefadta,
quae primo, cupida rerum
novarum) nimis bello fa-

us tojojn in the confpiracy j that
he knew no more than the ambaf-
fadors ; he only ufed ,to he^ of
Gabinius, that P. Autronius, Ser-r
SuIIa, and L. Varguntejus, with
many others, were concerned in
the Plot.' The Gauls confirmed
what hefaidy and charged Lentu^
lus^ who pretetided to know nothing
of the matter^ not oniy with his
ietterSy but with fome things he
was ufed tofay in converfation^ as
that there was a prophecy in the
books of the Sibyls, that three of
the Cornelian family fliould bc
mafters of Rome, two of which,
Cinna and Sulla, had already been
fo ; that he wa? the third, for
whom that honour was referved
by the fates ; befides, that was the
twentieth year from the burning
of the Capitol, which the haru-
fpices, from divers prodigies, had
often foretold would be remark-
able For a bloody civil war. Upon
this the ietters were read^ <^fi^r
each ofthe writers had owned his
feal\ and the Senate voted^ that
Lentulus ftiould abdicate his office,
and that both he and the reft
ftiould be fecured in the cuftody of
Gentlemen. Accordi^igly Lentu-
ius is delivered up to Pubiius
Lentuius Spinthery who was at
that time JEdiie^ Cethegus . to
. ^uintus CorniJiciuSy Statiiius to
Caius Cafar^ Gabinius to Mark
Craffus^ Cceparius^ for he had
beenfetched back to town aJittie be--
fore^ to Cn, Terentius a Senator,

XLIX. In the mean time the
common peopie^ whoj upon the firji
difcovery of the pioty from the ioye
ofmvelty^f had too much favoured

vebat,

BELLUM CATILINARig^M.

51

vebat, mutata mente,
Catilinae confilia exfecra-
ri j Ciceronem ad coelum
tollere; velut ex fervitu-
te erepta, gaudium atque
laetitiam agitabat. Nam-
que alia belli facinora
praedae magis, quam de-
trimento, rore ; incendi-
um vero crudele, immo-
deratum, ac fibi maxume
calamitofum putabat ;
<;luippe cui omnes copiae
in ufu quotidiano & cul-
tu corporis erant. Poft
cum diem quidam L.
Tarquinius ad fenatum
addu<9xis erat, quem, ad
Catilinam proficifcen-
tem, ex itinere retrac-
tum ajebant. Is cum fe
diceret de conjuratione
indicaturum, fi fides pu-
blica data efiet ; juiTus a
confule, quae fciret, edt-
cere, eadem> fere, quae
Volturcius, de parati^ in-
cendiis, de caede bonorum,
de itinere hoftium, fena-
tum edocet, Praeterea,
fe mijfum a M. Crajjo^
qui Catilime nunciaret ;
ne eum Lentulus ^ Ce-
theguSj aliique ex €onju-
ratione deprehenji terre--
rent'y eoque magis prope^
raret ad urhem accederey
quo & ceterorum animos
rejiceretj fcf illi facilius
e periculo eriperentur.
Sed, ubi Tarquinius Craf-
fum nominavit, homi-
nem nobilem, maxumis
divitiis, fumma potcntiaj

ihe tuarj now changing their
mindSj hegun to curfe the dejigns of
Catilinej andto extol Cicero to the ,
heavens ; andy as being now fecu^
red againjl the Jlavery they were
threatened with^ werefull <f joy
andjollity, For the other a£ts of
war they thought might turn more
to their advantage than detriment',
hut the firing of the town . they
looked upon as' a cruel wild projeSfy
and what would have heen perni^
cious to them eJpeciaUy^ whofefub^
Jiance conjijled entirky in cloathsy
and a few houjhold-goods. After
thisy one Lucius Tarquinius was '
hrought before the Senate^ who was
faid to be going over to Catiliney ■
and had heen , thei'efore brought
back to town, He offeredto make a,
full difcovery oftheploty ifhe might
have the publick faith for his par-^
don: And being thereupon ordered
by the Chnful io declare what he
kneWy he gave much thefame in^
formation Volturcius had doney as
tofiring ofthe toumy the deftgned
majfacrey and ihe march of the
enemy. He added^ that he had
been difpatched by M. Crafius to
tell CatUine, not to be fiighttd at
the feizing of Lentulus, Cethegus,
arid others of the confpirators, but
make the morehafte to town, for
the encouragement of.the.refl:^
and for the releafe rfthofe that
were prifoners.. But^wben Tar^
quin named CraJJiiSy a ferfon ^f
the higheft qualityy a va/i efi^tty
and mighty power\ fome mUng
upon what wasfaid as incredihUy
and otherSy thtf' ihey helievedl it
truey yet' becaufe fo pawtrful a
man was T^ther ta li^ wheedtedy
G 2 aiii ~

5^

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

^ii rem incredibilem rati -,
pars tametfi verum exi*
^ l]iimabat, tamen, quia
' in tali tempore tanta vis
kominis magis lehiunda,
qu^m exagitanda, vide-
batur, plerique, Craffi^ex-
negotiis privatis obnoxii,
conclamant, indicem faU
fu?n ejfe ; deque ea re po-
ftulant uti referatur, Ita-
que, Cicerone confulente,
freqiftens fenatus decemit,v
'TarqHinii indicium faU
fUm videri^ eumque in
vinculis retinendum 3 ne-
que amplius pntejiatem
faciundam^ nift.de eo in^
dicaret^ cujus CQnfilio tan-
iam rem ejfet mentitus,
Erant eo tempore, qui
exiftumarent indicium il-
lud a P. Autronio ma-
chinatum ; quo facilius,
^pellato Crailb, per fo-
detatem periculi rdiquos

thanprovoked atfuck ajunSlurey
being moft of them too under parti--
cularMigations to Crajfus^ they gll
cried out the informer was a raf-
cal, and defired the houfe might
immediately go upon tkat affair.
Which Cicera complying mithy and
moving tjhe houfe accordinglyy tbey
voted by a great majorityj that
Tarquin's information appeared
to them to be fatfe^ and that he be
kept in cuflody, and not be enlar-
ged, 'till he difcovered the perlbn, .
at whofe inlligation he had forged
that lie. ^There werefome at that
timej who didhelieve that the thing
was a proje^ of Publiih Autroru*
usj in order tofcreen the amfpira^
torsy by naming Crajfiis as one,
Somefaid Tarqutn wasput upon if
by Ciceroy Ufi Crajfus Jbould^ qc^
cording to his way^ take upon him
the proteSiion of the viUainSy and
tbereby confound the proceedings. tf
the govemment agamjl thprru Jnd

^ ^^ I myfelf afterwards heard Craffus

iilius potentia tegeret. A- fay^ that^ that bafe trick had been
lii Tarquinium a Cicerp- put upon him . by Cicero. But at

the fifme time ^ Catulus and C,

Pifo could by no Intereji^ importu-

nity^ or money^ pr^ail upon Ci-r

cero to have Cafapfalfely namgd

as a confpiratory by the AHohrdgeSj

or any one elfe, Both, tbofe gen-

tlemen were bitter enemies to hinty

Pifo having been profecuted by him

in an adlion of damag£Sy for the

_ unju/i punijhment of a certain per^

fy C. Pifo neque gratia, fin of Gallia beyond the Po. Ca-

neque gr^ibus, neque tulus bore him a grudge, ever af-

ter the ttme ofhisjiandingjhr tbe
pjace of high^priejiy wl>en. &, tfit^
a man inyearsj whohad bo^ne tbe
greateji offices in the fi^He^ can^t

ri(^ iminiilum ajebant; ne
QrafTus, pipre fuo, fuf-
ceptor maiomm patroci-
nip, rempubiicam contur-
l^r^t. Ipfum CrafTum
egot poftea praec^cantem
ajudivi, tant^m illam con-
t^melii^. fi^ ab Cicerone
J^ imppfitam.^Sed iiijdeai
temporibus Q. Catulus

— 1 — jf,- '-, - ■ — # _- - _^__ _
precip Ciceionem impel-
l^equivere; uti perAl-
lobrpges aut ^lium indi^
cem C. Ca^aif fs\Ifo np-

BEiiUM CATILINARIUM.

53

jxiiQaretur. Nam uterque
• cuin illo gravis inimicitias
exerccbant j Pifo, op-
pugnatus in judicio repe-
tundsunm, propter cu-
jufdam Tranfpadani fup-
plicium injuftumj Catu-
lus, ex petitione pontiii-
catus odio incenfus ; quod
^xtrema astate, snaxumis
honoribus ufus, ab ado-
kfcentulo Caifare vidus
difceflerat. Resautemop-
portuna videbatur ; quod
is priyatijn egregia libera-
litate^ puUice maxumis
munenbus graxvdem pe-
cupiam debebstt. Sed ubi
confulem ad tantum faci*
nas itnpellere- nequeunt)
ipfi figillatiHa circume-
undp) a4^ue ementiendo
qu^ (e ex Volturcio aut
AiUobrogibus a^udifTe dice-
X^K naagnam- illi invi-
diam conilaverant ; uf-
que adeo, uti nonn^lii
equites Rom. qui praefidii
cauiTa cum telis erant
circum aedem ConcOrdjaB^
^u pcriculi magakudine,
feu animi nobilitate im-
pulii, quo ftudiumfuum
in rempubli(fam. clarius-
efle^ eg^edienti ex im^
tu Caefari gladio mimta-
J3^Tmtm:f^ Dum hae in. fe-
natu aguntur, ic , dwn
legatis Aliobn^m & T.
Voltu^cio, comprobatd
cqmsfi indicii^ prseoaia
4ececnuntui^ libmi; &
pauci ex clies^ibus Leo^
tuii) ^y^ii& iUfiM^ilTUs,

^ffbaffled hy CaffiVy wbo «mu «f
tbat tirne but a very ymnj imnf^
The^ charge feemed fikeiy U frfs^
becaufe he by his privaie gemerlf/l~
ty^ and pubiick diverfiom^ hr tbe
entertainment of the people^ wms
got into a worid ofdeht^ BtU h^
ing Kot able to engage the Cutfid
infuch a piece ofroguery^ thej by
going aBput^ andfalfely repartmg^
what they pretended td have beard.
from Volturcius and the jBbbr^»
ges^ brought him under a wry
great odium^ infomuch that Jime
. gentlemen of the Equejirian ^rder^
who ivere pofted in arms ahntt tbe
temple of Concord^ as a guari$9
the houfey wbether pu/hed mby a
fenfe of^ danger^ or fome mikr
motive^ to Jhew their %talf»r Aa
publick^ threatened Qafar of bi$
coming ^out of the hou/i witb *
their drqwn fwords* JyhiJfi tb^
things ar^e done in the fenqte^ aad
rewardt are voted for tbe Aih^
broges and T. FolturciitSy wbefe
information was approved tfi
fome freed^men and tlients ef
Lentulus 4fp^^f^^ themfehes fii
town^ £fnd endeavoured to ef^age
the workmen and fiaves they nui
with in thejireets^ to refcue idau
And fome would gladly bavepre^
vailed witb the leaders of tbe
mob to head them^ whn were wfed
for hire to give dijiurhana »nm
and then to the government, Bnt
Cethegus, hy meffengeri hegged rf
his Jlaves and freed^min^ ebeice
blades^ and fich as had heea
irainld tep in the prq^ice tfheld
wicked pranks^ toform thenfehes
' into a, hody^ and hreak in t§ bhm
with aYms. The Conful heing

5+

C CRISPI Sallustii

ispificcs tttquc fervitia in
T icis ad eum eripiendum
foUicitabant, Partim ex-
quirebant duces multitu-
dinum^ quiprecio rem-
felicam vexare foliti
crint. Cethegus autem
per nuncios familiam, at-
que libertos fuos, ledos
& exercitatos in audaci-
^rtty orabat;, uti, grege
fsB:o, cum telis ad fefe
inttmperent. Conful, ubi
ca parari cognovit, difpo-
fitis praefidiis, utires atque
tempus monebat, convo-
to fenatu refert, quid

infarmed of thefe att^mptSy pltr-^
C£d guards as the occajion requi^
red^ and then calling the Senate
togethery dejired to know their
pleafure with rdation to the pri-
fiwiers, what they vvould have
done with them. Jfull houfe had
already voted them guilty of d
traiterous defign againjl the go^
vernment. Then D. Junius Silanux
heingfirft ajkedy what he thought^
of the matter^ for he was at that
time Conful eleSt^ declared for
capital punijhment to be injliifed
upon thofe in cujiody^ as a^o i.
CaJJius^ •P- Furius^ P. Umhre-
nus, and ^. AnniuSy if they
ie Msfieri placeat^ qui ia ffi>ould he taken* But being af--
eujiodiam tradiU' erant. terwards much affe6led~with a
Sed cos paulo ante fre- fpeech of C, Cafar io the houfey
quens fenatus judicaverat ke declaredfor the opinion offi^

berius NerOy whowasfor having
thefurther debate rf thfit matter
deferredy ^till the honfe was pro^
vtded with a better guard. Now
Cafar, when the Conful was comt
io hiniy and deftred his fenti^
mentSy fpoke to the effe^ following.
L. Caffio^ PI FuriO", P. Umbrcno, Q^ Annio, fi deprehenfir
forent, fiipplkium fumeridum decreverat. Ifque poftca, per--
mxHus orationeC. Caefaris, pedibus in fententiam Ti, Neyonis
Hfcurum fe dixeratj quod deea rc, praefidiis addrtis, referun-
Aim, cenfuerat. Sed Caefar, ubi ad cum ventum eft,' rogatus
fententiam a confiile, hujufcemodi verba locutus cft.

L. Omnis hominesy Pa-- L. Illuftrious fathers, AH men-
tres Confcripti^ quiderebas in their debates upon matters oF

difficulty, ought to be fre^ from ^^
the paflions of hatred, love, an-
ger, andpitv; Themindofrilan
does not cafity fee the trutb, where
thofe obftruitions are in the way;
nor has cver any manbecrt aWe to
confuh his intereft arid his pafiion
together, Wherethe underitand-

deris^

cotttra rempublicam fecif-
fc^ Tum D. Junius Si-
lanus, primus fententiam
rogatu^, qubd eo tempore
conf«l defignatus erat, de
hJSf qui in cuftodiis tene-
-Imitur, & praeterea de.

dubris eonfultanty ab odio
amicitiay ira atque mife-
rrcordia vacuos effe decet.
Hctud facile ammus ve^
rum providet, ubi illa of»
fcrunt^ neque quifquam
ffnmium Inbidini fimul feT
yfui paruit. Ubi inter^

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

55

Aris ingenium^ valet, Si
iubido pojftdet^ ea dQmi-
natur-, afiimtts nihil va^
let. Magna . mihi copia
eft mejnorandi^ P. C, qui
reges aut qui popuiiy ira
aut mifericordia iTnpulJi^
male confuluerint, Sed ea

^ malo dicere^ qua majores
nojlri^ contra lubidinem
animifui^ re£ie atque or^
dine fecere, BeUo Ma^
cedonicOy quod cum rege
Perfe gejffimuSy Rhodio^
rum civitaSy magna -atque
magnifica^ quat populi
Rom. opibus creverat^ in-
fida atque advorfa nobis
fuit, Sed poftquam bello
confe£lo\ de Kbodiis con-
fuftum ejiy majores nojiri^
ne quis divitiarum magisj
quam injuria cauffay heU
lum inceptum diceret^
impunitos eos dimifere,
Item bellis Punicis omni-
hus^ cum fape Carthagi-
ninenfes ^ in pace ts^ per
inducias multa nefanda
fatinora fecijfent^ nun-
quam ipfi per occafionem
talia fecercy magis^ quod
f$ dtgnum foret^ quam
quod in iUosjureJieri pof-
fety quarebant, lioc
ttefn vobis providendum
e/lj P, C. ne plus^ valeat
apud vos P. Lentuli &f
caterorum fcaluSy quam

\ vejlra dignitas\ neu ma-

^gis ira vejira^ quam fa-

ma^ confulatis, Nam Ji

digna pana pro fa^is

eorum reperitur^ novum

ing is in any cafe dvdy af^edi k
does it's work effeduaily. But if
paffioa of any kind poflefies th£.
mind that rules, a man'sfenfe or
parts fignify nothing« I cou}<i
bring many inflances of kingsand
ftates, that have by anger or pity
been led into pernicious miflakes.
But I chufe rather to take notice
to you of the behaviour of our
anceftors, wherein they fliew'd a
noble feLT-denial. In the Mace-
doni^ war, which we had with
king Perfes, the Rhodians, a great
a- d fi6urift\ing people, who bad
been raifed by the mpportof tbe
RomanSi proved bafeand trea--
cherous to us, Yet when, upon
the conclufion of the war, the
cafe of the Rhodians came under
confideration, our anceftors, to
leave no pretence for faying that
the war had been undertaken but
of a covetous humour, more th^n
upon account of injury received,
pardoned them. In ail the Car-
thaginian wars too, tho' that peo-
ple in time of peace, or cd&tion of
arms, had been guilty of many
wicked things againft us, yet our
anceftors never upon any occafioa
return'd them the like ufagc, re-
garding more what was worthy of
diemfelves, th^ what might have
been fairly pradtiied aga^ift them..
And in like manner ought you,
gentlemen, to take care, that the
wickednefs of Lentulus and thft
reft of the confpirators, have not
more influence upon you, than
your own honour,. and not grati-
fy your refentment at theexpence
of your reputation. For if a pu-
nimment equal to their crime be

conji*

S6

C. CRISPI sALlustii

t99^hm Approdo. Sin
fhagnitudo Jceleris omni-
ftm ingema e^uperat}
ii$ wtendum cenfeo^ 'T*^f
legibm compctrata fient.
Pbrifue eorum^ qui dnte
ine fententias dixerunty
cmpofite atque mag^ntfice
caficm reipublica mifirati
fiiftti quiS beffi fisvitidt
tffety qua viStis qccide--
renty ehumeraverei rapi
virginesy pueros\ divrlR
Hberos a parentum com-
pkxu\ matres fatmliar^m
Patij quee viStoribus colti-^
buijfint\ fana dtque &-
ims '• e9ffpoliari\ ccedem^
irtcendia ^fieri\ pofhremo
armisy caddveribtcsy cru-
Sre atque ht^' omnia-
compliri. Sedj per dios
immortalisj qub illa ora- ■
th pertinuit? An^ uti
vos infyfos conjurationi
facerent r SciScetj quem
res fbnta atque tam atrox
non permovity -eum oratio
accendet, Non ita eft.
Neque cuiquam mortali-
um injuria fu^ parva
videntur. Afulti eas gra-
vius aquo habucre. Sed
alia aliis licentia cfi P.
C. ^ui dermjfi in obfcuro
vitam aguntj fi quid ira-
cundia deliqucre^ pauci
fciunt\ fama atque fortu-
na torum paresfunt. ^ui
magno impeno pra-diti^ in
excelfi atatem agunt^ eo-
ru?n faSta cun^i morta-
lis nevere, Jta in max^
uma fortuna mimtma /?-

j^iHJble to be found, I approve cf
the ft^ange advice given. But if
the greatnefs of llieir villainy be
ftich, as to puzzle the beft inven-
tion to find out a puniihment e-
qual to it, I think we ought to
content ourfelves with fuch as are
provided by law. Moft 6f the
gentlemen that fpoke before me,
have Very elegantly and Aobly la-
m^nted thfe misfortuhe df the
cotnmonwealths have enumerated
aH the cruel confequences of a
war, and the mifcrable circum-
ftahces the vanqui(hed party muft
needs be in ; fuch as the ravilhin^
of virgins, the unnatural abufe of
boys, the tearing away of chil-
dren from the embraces of their
piarents, thie expofing of matrons
to thc luft of the conqucrors, the
plundering of temples and houfes,
ilaughter, the firing of towns; and
finally, thefiilihgof all pla<;eswith
arms, dead bodies, blood, and la-
mentation. But,forheaven*sfake,
what dqes all that way of talking
tend to ? to incenfe you againft the
confpirac}'? Words, I warrant,
will inflame thofe^ whom fo mon-
ftrous and villainous a crime can-
not move. No, no. No man
is apt to under-rate the injuries .
done to himfelf. Many aggravate
them beyond all reafpn. But all
men have nottbe famelibcrty al-
lowed them. If perfons in low
fife, through paffion, are gullty of
any mifcondud, few know of it.
But diofe in great power and au-
tliority, ftand high, and their a6H-'
ons are known to ail men. Thus
in thc greateft fortune is there the
leaftlicenceaDowable. luthatthcre

ccniia

teELLUM CATILINARIUM.

57

^entza efi, NeqiLe Jiudere^
neque odiffe^ fed minume
irafci decet, ^a apud
abos iracundia dicitur^
ea in imperio fuperbia
^tque crudelitas appella-
tur, Equidem ego Jic
exijiumo^ P. C omnis^
cruciatus aninores^ quam
facinora illorumy ejfe. Sed
plerique mortales pojlre^
ma meminere \ ^ \ in ho^
minibus impiisy fceleris
eorum oblitiy de pana dif-
ferunty fi ea paulo feveri-
or fuerit, Z). Hilammy
virum fortem atque Jire^
nuumy certo fcioy qua
dixerity Jiudio reipublica
dixijfey neque illum in
tanta re gratiam aut ini-
Tnicitias exercere, Eos mo-
rcs eamque modejiiam
viri cognovi, J^erumfen-^
tentia ejus mihi non cru-
delis (quid enim in talis
homines crudele fieri po-
isji? ) Sed aliena a rC"
publica Jiojira videtur,
jSfam profeSio aut metus
aut injuria tefubegit^ Si-
lancy confulem defigna-
tumj genus pcena novum
decernere, De timore
fupervacaneum efi diffe-
rere ; cum^ praferttm dili-
gentia clarijfumi viri con-
fulis^ tanta prcufidia fmt
in armis, De pana^ pof-
fumus equidem dicere idy
quod res habet: in Iu5iu
atq'y miferiis mortem a-
rumnarum requiem^ non
cruciatum ejjey eam cunc-^,

muft be no party-prejudice, or ha-
tred, andpadfionleaftof^JJ. What
is xalled anger upon other occafi-
ons, in perfons invefted with great
power, goes by the name of pride,
and cruelty. IVuly gentlemen, I
am of opinion, thatnopuniftiment ,
can be thought of, bad eriough
for their crimes. But moft men
remember the upftiot of things,
and iii the cafeof villains, forget-
ting their wickednefs, talk only of
their puniftiment, if that bealit-
tle too fevere. I am well aftured
that the worthy brave gentleman
D. Silanus faid, what he did out of
zeal to the publickfervice, without
tbe leaft regard to favour, or ill-r
will, to any one : fuch is his vir-
tue and modefty to my kno wledge.
But his advice appears to me, not
cruel indeed (for what can be cruel
againft fuch wretchcjs?) but not •-
agreeable to the proceedings of our
govemment. For certainly, Sila-
nus, either your fear, or the injury
' defigned the publick, mioved you
to advife a puniftiment unknown
to our laws. As to your fear, I
need fay nothing, efpecially fince
by the diJigence of our glorious
Conful, fo fuflicient a force has
been provided for our fecurity.
And as to the pumftiment, we
.may fay indeed, whatis thetruth
in reality, that in a ftate of moum-
ing and mifery, death is a delive-
rance, not a puniftiment. That
puts an end to all the miferies of
mankind, beyondwhich, therei»
gio room for either forrow or joy.
Butbyheaven; tell me, whydid
you not advife too to have them
feverely laftied, beforc they were
H ta

5^

C. CRlSPi SALLUSTII

td mbrtallum rrudii dlJfoU
vere\ ukrit neque cXir<p
neque gaudh Ucum effe.
Sed^ per dehs ihmortalis^
quamohrem in fententram
non addidijiiy uti prius
verberibus in m anirrurd-
verteretur ? An\ quia lex
Porcia vetat ? At aWa
leges iterti condemhatis ci-

eKtp

pui: t6 death? Was it becaufe thcr
pot*dan law exprefsly forbids it?
fiut tiiere are other laws too, that
equaHy forbid the putting a con-
dernned Roman to death, and al-
itm him the favour of bahilh-
ment. Or was it becaufe whip-
piiig is a; feverer puniihmetit tharv
aeath? But what can be toq cru-
el or fevere againil men conviSed
of fo horrid a villainy ? But if it
was becaufe whipping is really a
leffer puniftiment, is it fit to re-
gard the laW in a matter of fmal-
fer moment, whilft you .flight it

mmis grave eji in homines inagreater? But who will blame,

tanti facinoris conviSfosf you'll fay, what ftiall be refolved

upon againft men bent upon the
dcftrudtion of the commonwealth?
Time and fortune, who rule the-r
world at pleafure. They certain-
ly deferve the worft that can be-
fall them. But do you, worthy
fathers, confider well what you
refolve lipon againft them. All
ill examples had their rife fix)m
harmlefs beginnings. But whert
power comes into the hands of
ignorant or wicked men, the pre-
cedent fet is transferred from de-
ferving ^hd proper objefts to fuch

rnala exempla ex bonis as are ndt fo.

initiis orta funt, Sed^ ubi impertum ad ignaros ^aut minns

honos perve7i\t\ novum illud exemplum ah dignis ^ idonezs

ad tndlgiias ij non idoneos transfertur,

LI. Lacademoniij . 'de- LI. After the Lacedaetnoniahs

vi^is 'Aihemenfthus^ tri- hadconqueredtheAthenians,they

lodged the government in the
hands of thirty perfons; who at
firft begun to put to death, with-
out trj^I, the wickedeft amoAgft
them, and fuch as were univerfal-
ly odious. This the people re-

^ merito dicere 'fieri,-' joyced at, and faid was right pro-

vibus noH' ttnimam
fed extlium permitti ju-
hertt. An quia gravius eji
verherari^ qUam necUrif
^id autem acerhum^ atit

Siny quia levius eji\ qui
convefiit in 'minore nego-
iio legem ohfervare^ cum
eam in majore neglexe-
risP At enim quis ripre-
hendet^ ' quod in parrici-
das reipublica decretum
ertt? Tempus^ dies^ for-
tuna^ cujus lubido genti-
hus moderatur,^ 'Iliis me-
rito accidetj quicquid e-
venerit. CaterUm vosy
P, C, quid in alios Jiatu--
atis^ confuieratc, Omnia

gvita viros inipofuere^ qui
rempuUicam tracfarent,
Hi primo capere peffu-
mumquemque tsf omnihus
invifum indemnatum ne-
care, Eo poptdus ieetart^

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

59

Paffy' ubi paulatim licen-

tia €r£vit \ juxta honos

i^ malos lubidinofe inter-

ficere^ cateros metu ter-

rere. jta civitas^ fervi-

4ute opprejfa^ fiulia la-

titia gravis panas dedit.

Nofira memorii viStor

Sulla^ cum Damafippum

i5f aliis hujufmodiy qui

^nalo reipuhlicfe creve-

rant^ jugulari jujjit^ qias

non fadum ejus lauda-

bat ? Homines fcelefios

^ fa^ofgsy qui feditioni"

' biu rempublicafn exagita-
verantj merito necatos
/ijehant. Sed ea res mag-
na initium cladis fuit.
Namque^ uti quifque do-
mum aut villamy pojirerm
aut vas aut veftimentum
^licujus concupiveraty da-
bat operam^ uti is in pro-

fcriptorum numero ejfet,
Ita illiy quibus Darnafippi
mors latitia fueraty pau-
lo poft ipfi trahebantur*
Neque prius finis jugu-
landi fuit^ quam ISulla
omnis fuos diyitiis exple-
vit* Atque ego hoc non
ih \M. TuUioy neque his
temporibus vereor, Sed
in magna civitate multa
^ varia ingenia funt,
Potefi alio. te^mpore^ aiio^
confuUy cui item e^ercitus
in manu fit^ falfum ali-
quid prfi vero credi, Ubi
hoc exemploy per fenati
decretufKy conful ^tadium
eduxerit'y quis illt finem

fiatuety aut quis modera-
bitur?

ceeding. ^ut prefently, a$ this
humour grew upqri tb^ii>, they
proceeded to put good and b^
promifcuoufly to death at their
pleafure, and fill'd the r^ft with
apprehenfions of ^lie |ike ufage*
7"hus the poor city being mUejca-
bly eriflaved, fuffercd fufficiently
for their fiUy rejoycing. In our
times too, when Sulla, after hi3
fuccefs in thewar, ordered £)ama-
fippus, and fome others like hini,
who bad raiied tj:^^mfelves by the
inisfortunes pf their country, to
be put to death, >yho did not com-
mend him for it?' Every body
faid, that thofe wkked fa<Siious
ra£:a]s, who had plagued the pub-
lick by their feditious pra6tices,
were defervedly put to4eath. fiut
^at was the firfl: p^ only adied
in one of the mofl: bl^dy fcenes
that ever was. For as any of the
party chanced to take a fancy for,
any gentleman's houfe in town or
country, nay but any piece of
plate, dr fine coat, he took care
to get him put upon the lift of the
profcribed. Thusthey whorejoiced
at the deathof Daniafippus, were
themfelves foon after hurried away
to ex,ecution. Norwas there any
endofthisbutchery, 'till SMlIahad
gluttedallhisfoUowers withriches.
lapprehend indeed riothing like
this in Mark Tully, or tlxeCe tipies.
But in a mighty ftate, there ^re
many various humours. At anp-
ther time, another Gonful, who
ftiall haye an army at his .com-
mafid, may be under a ipjftake,
.ajndthen, when, upon this prece-
dent, the Conful fliall by a vote'of
the Senate draw the fword, who
(hall ftop, pr pver-ruleit?

6o

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

LII. Majdres nojiri^

Patres Confcriptiy ^ neque

conjilii neque audacia

umquam eguere, Neque

fuperbia objiabat^ quo mi-

'nus inftituta alima^ Ji

modo proba eranty imita-

rentur, Arma atque tela

militaria ab Sarrtnit^bus^

injignia magijiratuum ab

Ttufcis pleraque ^ fumpfe-

runt. Poftremo^ quod

ubique apudfocios aut ho-

Jiis idoneum videbatur^

cum fummo Jiudio domi

exfequebantur, Imitari^

quam invidere bonisj ma,-

lebant, Sed eodem illo

Um^ore Greci^ morem

imitati^ verberibus ani-

' madvertebant in civis^ de

condemnatis fummum Jup-

plicium fumebant, Poji-

quam refpublica adolevitj

^ multitudine civium

faSiiones valuere^ circum-

veniri innocentesj alia

hujufcemodi fieri Cispere\

tunc lex Porcia aliaque

leges paratts funt 'y quibus

Ugibus exilium damnatis

permijfum eji, Hanc ego

caujfamj P, C. quo minus

coriftlium novum capia-

mus^ in primis magnam

. puto* PfofeSfo. virtus.at-

que fapientia major in

. illis fuity qui ex parvis

epibus tantum imperium

fecerej quam in nobisj

qui bent Jbarta vix reti-

nemus, Placet igiturj eos

dimittij 6f augeri exer-

citum CatHina? Minume,

,LII. Oyr anceftors, worthy
fathers, i^ever wanted either coti-
duiSt or courage; nor did a fpirit of
pride hinder ihem from imitating
the laudable cufloms of other na-
tlons. They borrowed from tbe
Samnites arms^ and weappns of
war, moft of the omaments of
our magiftrates from the Tuf-
cans. In fine, they ftudioufly put
in praftice at hoipe whatfoever
appeared, either amongft friends
or foes, worthy of their recepti-
on. They chofe rather to imitate,
than envy the good. Now at
that time, according to the ufage
of Greece, they ufed to punifti
by fcourging, and put citizens
to death. fiut when the Roman
ftate was grown up to its full mag-
nitude, and in a nunierous peoplc
faftions prevaile^, innocent men
begun to be trepanned, and other
the like wickednefs to be praiftifed ;
then the Porcian law, and other
laws were provided, by which all
fuch as fhould be condemned for
capital crimesy were allowed the
favourofbanifhment. Andthere-
fore I think this a very fubftantial
reafon againft the new proceedings
advifed to. Certainly their con-
duft and wifdom, who from a
fmall rife produced fo vaft an em-
pire, ^as far above our's, whd
have much ado to keep what was
fo welh provided to our hands.
Well, you*II fey, would I have
them difcharged, to augment Ca-
tiline's army? By no means.
But my fentence is this. Lettheir
eftates be confifcated, themfelves
kept in clofe cuftody, in the moft
fubftantial boroughs. Let no one

Scd

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

6i

ever move the SenatC) or make
the leaft application to the people
in their favour: And let it l^
declared as the opinion of this
houfe, that whoever does, is a
tra§tor to his country, and an

Sed ita cenfeo^ publican"

das eorum pecunias; ipfos

in vinculis habeiidos per

municipiaj qu(S maxime

opibus valentf neu quis

de his poflea ad. fenatum^

referat^ neve cum populo enemy tb the commonwealth,

agat, ^i aliter fecerit^ fenatum exiflumare^ eum contra

ren^ublicam l^ falutem omnium fa5iurum.

LIU. Poftquam Cae-
far dicendi finem fecit;
caeteri 'verbo, alius alii
varie affentiebantur. At
M. Porcius Cato, roga-
tus fententiam, hujulice-
modi orationem habuit.

LIV. Longe mihi alia
mens 5/?, Patres Confcrip-
tiy^ cum res atque pericula
nofira conjideroy & cum
fententias nonnullorum

mecum ipfe reputo, Illi
mihi differuiffe videntur
de pana eorum^ qui pa-
tria^ parentibuSy aris
atque focis fuis bellum
paravere* Res autem
monety cavere ab illis
magisy quanty quid in iL
los fiatuamuSy confulta-
rje. Nam astera malefi-
cia tum perfequare^ ubi
f^^a funt; hoc^ niji pro~
vidertSy ne accidat^ ubi
evenity fruflra judicia
implores. Capta urbe^
nthilfit reliqui *ui£iis, Sed
per deos immortalis^ vos
cgo appelloy qui femper do^
mos^ viliaSj figna^ tabu^
las vefiras pluris^ quam
re^npublicam^ fecijiis. Si
ijia^ cujufcumque modi
fmty qua amplexamini^

LIII. After Cafar had made
an end of his fpeechy the refi ftg^
nified their affent^ Jome to ont
andfome toanother, nut M. Por^
cius Cato* being afked what he
thought of the matter^ made a
fpeech to the following ejfeSi.
. LIV. I am, gentlemen, of a
quite different opinion from you
in this cafe, when I confider it,
and the danger we are in, as alfo
the advice that has been offered
byfome. The bufinefs theyfecm
alone to have had in view, is the
punifhment of thofe who have
formed a defign to makc war up-
on their country, parents, and re-
ligion. Nqw the nature of the
thing obKges us to confider rather,
how we may guard effedually a-
gainft them, than how we are to
punifti them. For other crimci
you may* punifti after they are
committed ; but imlefs you pre-
vent the commiffion of this, it
will be in vain to fly to the law
for vengeance,. V/hen the city
ftiall be taken, the conquered will
have nothing left. But, by the
immortal Gdds, I fpeak to you,
who have always had more regard
to your iine houfes, ftatues and
pictures, than the welfare of your
country. Ifyou haveamind to
keep the things, be they what they

reti-

6a

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

retinerej fi voluptatibus
yejlrii otiUfn prabere
vultis \ expergifamini a-
Ii§ua){doy & capejfite rem-
puhlicam. Non agitur de
ve^igalihuf^ non de foai^
4irum injuriis» Libertas
^ anima nojira in duhio
eji. Sapenumero^ P, C
Tmdta v^rba in hoc ordine
feci* S^pe de luxuria
atque^ avaritia nojlrorujn
civiuni ^uejius fum. Mul-
tofque mortalis ea cat^a
advorfos haheo., ^i mihi
atque animo tneo nullius
umqiiam deliSii gratiam
feciffem^ hqud facile al-
terius lubidini malefa6ia
cendonabam, Sed^ ea ta^
matft VGS parvi pendeha-
tisy tamen refpublica fir-
ma erat. Opulentia
negligentiam tolerabat. •
J!func vero non id agiturj
b(mifne < an malis mori^
hU(S vivamus > neque quan-
tum aut quam magnip^
cum imperium populi Ro-
maniftt \ ftd htsc^ cujuf-
ciimque, modi videntur^
noft^a^ an nobifcum una
ho/iium futura fint,

LV. Hic mihi quis^
quam manfuetudinem fff
'mjfericordiam nominat ?
jampridem equidem nos
vera rerum vocabula a^
mifmus, ^ia bona aii^
ena largiri^ liberalitas ;
Tnalarum rerum audacia,
firtitudo vocatur; eo ref-
publica in extremo fita
eji, Sint fane^ quoniam

will, you are fb fond of, and to
find time for the purfuit ofyour
pleafures; rouze at laft, and ftand
•up for thedefence of your country.
We are not.now treating of the
rAienue of the ftate, or tjje ill
uiage of our allies. Our liberty,
our lives are at ftake. I have,
gentlemen, fpoke often and much
in his hpufe. I have oftenjCom-.
plained of the extravagance and
avarice that prevail amongft us ^
and bave, by fo doing, made my-
fclf many enemies. Now I, who
would never indulge myfelf in the
leaft fault, could noi eafilypar-
don the crimes of others. But
tho' you minded little what I (aid,
yet our country was fecure. Our
great opulence would admit of
fome negligence in the nianage-
ment of our aflairs. But a retor-
mation of manners, or the ag-
grandizing the ftate, i$ not the
bufinefs, We have now under
coi>fideration ; but whether what
we have, be it what it v^i^
fliould be our own, or, together
with ourfelves, be delivered up a
prey to the enemy.

LV. And fliall any one talk to
me, in this cafe,of mildnefs and
mercy ? Wehave long fmce indeed
loft the right jtlames of chings fi-om
amongft us. - The giving of what
belongs to other people, is caUed
generofity ; and the courage to
ventureupon wickednefs, is nam-
ed fortitude; by which means it
is, that theftatehasbeen brought
upon the very brink of deftrufti-

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

63

ita fi mores haienty libe-
rales ex fociorum fbrtu-
nis. Sint mifericordes in
furihus ararii, Ne illis
fanguinem nojirum largi-
mtur\ (Sf, dum paucis
fceleratis parcunt, bonos
tmnis perditum eant. 5^*
ne & l^ompojite C Cafar
paullo ante in hoc ordine
de vita ^ morte differu-
ity credo falfa exijiumans
ea^ qua de inferis^memo-
rantur ; diverfo itinere
vialos a bonis foca tatra^
incultay foeda atque for-
midohfa habere. Itaque
cenfmty pecumas eorum
publicandaSy ipfos per v^u-
nicipia in cujiodiis haben-
dos ; videlicety ne^ fi Ro-
mafintj aut a popularibus
conjurationisy aut a mul"
titudine conduSfa^per vim
eripiantur.. ^^aft vero
7nali atque fcelejfi tan-
tummodo in urbe^ ^ non
per totam Italiam ftnt\
aut non ibi ptus pofpt
audacia^ uhi ad defenden-
dtim opes minores funt.
^uare vanum equidem
hoc conftlium ejt^ Ji peri-
(fUlum ex illis metuit, Sin
in tanto omniu?n metu
folus non timet y eo magis
referty me mihi atque
vobis timere,

LVI. ^are cum de
P» Lentulo caterifque
Jlatuetisy pro certo habe-
tote^ vos Jimul de exer-
citu Catilina^ £s* de om-
nihus conjuratis decerne^

on. Let tbem, fincc it « now
become the iafhion of the times>
be generous out of the fortunes of
our allies, Let them (hcw com-
paffion totherobbcrs of the pub-
lick } btlt let thcm not pretend to
make a prefent of our blood to
them ; and by j^paring a few vil-
iains, bring deftrudlion upon all
good people. C. C^far fpoke
juft now very handfomely and
prettiiy of life and death, asjudg-
ing, I prefume, thc vulgar noti-
ons of hell, where thc bad are di-
vided from the good, and confined
in nafty, xincomfortable, filthy,
difmal places, to be falfe ; and
therefore advifed to confifcate itheir
eftates, and keep their perfons un-
der confinement in the boroughs ;
from an apprehenfion, I fuppofe,
if they fliould bc kept at Rome>
of their being refcued, either by
their fellows, or a hiredmob. As
if we tiad rafcals and villains only
in town, and not all Italy over;
or as if bold attempts would not
be more likely to fucceed, where
therewas the leaft abilitytoop-
pofe them. This therefore is ve-
ry idle advice, if he f^s any dan-
ger from them ; but if he alone
is not afraid, whilft every body
elfe is, I am the more obliged to
be afraid, both for myfeif and
you.

LVI. Wherefore, in judging
the cafe of Lentulus, you may
depend upon it, you determine
that of Catiline's army, and the
reft of the confpirators, at the
fame time. The more vigour you

re.

64

C CRISPI SALLUSTII

re. ^uanto vos attenti^
us ea agetis^ tanto illis
animis infirmior erit. Si
paullulum, modo vos lan-
guere viderint^ jam om-
nes feroces aderunt, No-
lite exijlumare^ majores
noftros .. armis' rempubli-
, cam ex parva magnam
fecijfe, . St ita res ejfet^
multo pulcherrumam eam
nos haberemus. ^'Pp/
fociorum . aiiiue civium^
praterea, armorum atque
equorum major copia no^
bis^ quam illis^ eji.^ Sed
aliafuere^ qua illos mag-
nos fecere\ quts nobis
nulla funt. Domi indu-
Jiria^ foris jujium ijnpe-
' rium-y /xnimus in confu-
lendo liber^ neque deU£lo
neque luhidini obnoxius,
Pro his nos habemus hix-
uriam atque avaritiam\
publice egejiatem^ pri-
vatim opulentiam, Lau-
damus divitias^ fequimur
inertiam, Inter bcnss &
malos difcritnen nulluin^
Omnia virtutis pramia
ambitio pojfulct. Neque
mirum\ ubi vos fepara-
tim fibi quifque confdium
capitis^ uhi domi volup-
tatibus^ hic pecunia aut
gratia ferv:th'y eo ffy
ut impetus fu7t in vacu-
am rempubllcam, Sed
ego hcec omitto, Conju-
ravere cives Kohilijp^mi
patriam iyicendcre ; GaU
lorum gentem^ infejiijfu-
mam nomin: R.ziiiano^ ad

a6t with, the more difqpuraged
they will be. But if they fee you
faint-hearted,they will all forthwith
advance boldly upon us. Do not
think that ojir forefathers brought
the Roman ftate from a^ low rife
to itsprefent height by their arms.
. If they had, we Ihould then be in
a much more happy fecure condi-
tion than they. For we have more
aliies andpeople, as well as n;iore
arms and horfes, than they. But
they were other things which
made them great, which we have
nothing of. I mean induftry at
home, and juft management a-
broad ; minds freefrom the influ-
ence of vice and humour in pub-
lick councils.: In the room of
which, we have got luxury and
avarice, publick poverty, and pri-
vate wealth. We admire riches^
and are in love with idlenefs, We
make no diftinftion between thc
• worthy and the worthlefs. A m-
bition is poflefled of all the re-
wards of virtue. Nor is it to be
v/ondered at, whilftyou each of
you purfuefeparate meafurcs only
for your own intereft ; whilft you
mind nothing but your pleafures
at home, and in this place wealth
and honour. 'Tis this behaviour
of yours, that has encouraged th«
viUains to fall uoon the abandoned
ftate. But I lei thefe things alone.
Perfons of the hlgheft quality havg;.
engaged in a confplracy to hre the
city, and are endeavouring to
bring the.GauIs, thofe mortal
enemies of Rome, to jpin them
in a war againft us. The com-
niander of the enemy is at pur
gatcs with an aimy ; and do you-

bellum.

I

•1

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

6S

b^Iluni arcejjunt^ Dux
hoftiutn cum exercitu fu-
pra caput eft, Vos cunifa-
mini etiam nunc^ ^ du-
bitatisj quidy intra .ma^
nia deprehenfts hojlibus^
faciatis? mifereamini^

cenfeo. Deliquere homi-^
nes adolefcentuli ^per am-
bitionem, Atque etiam
armatos dimittatis. Na
ifta vohis manfuetudo &
ifiifericordia^ Ji illi arma
ceperintj in miferiam

vertent. Scilicet res ipfa
ajpera eft^fedvos non ti-
tnetis eam, Imo vero ntax-
umei fedj inertia & mol-
litia animi^ alius alium
ixpeSiantes^ cunlJamini\
videlicet diis immortalibus
confifty Mui hanc rempub'-^
lic^m tn maxumis fape.
periculis fervavere. Non
votisy neque fuppliciis mu-
lieribus auxilta deorum
parantur. Vigilandoy a-
gendoy bene confulendo
profpere omnia cedunt,
Ubi focordia tete atque
ignavia tradideris^ ne-
quicquam deos implores, /-
rati infeftique Junt. Atud
majores noftros A. Man^
lius Torquatus bello Gal-
lico filium fuunzy qitod is
contra imperium in hoftem
pugnaveraty necari jujjit,
Atque ille egregius adolef-
cens immoderata fortitu-
dinis mrte panas dedit.
VoSy de cruaelijfumis par^
ricidis quid Jlatuatisy
cun^amini ? Videlicet

pretend to demur upon the mat-
ter ? or make any doubt, what
you ought to do with thofe of the
enemy you have catched within
your walls ? You fhould take pi-
ty of them, I fuppofe. They
are only young fellows led away
by the love of power, and there-
fore ought to be difcharged. Tru-
ly that mildnefs and mercy, if
they get but arms into their hands^
will prove your deftruftion. The
cafe indeed is very difm^I; but
you are notwithftanding, it feem«,
fearlefs about it. Far from it;
but for want of fpirit and vigour^
you hang back, waiting one ano-
ther's motions ; confidmg, Ifup-
pofe, in the providence of the im-
mbrtal Gods, who have frequent-
ly faved this ftate of ours in the
greateft of dangep. But the ;affi-
ftance of the GckIs is not procured
by vows and womanifti prayers.
All defigns fucceed ,by vigilance,
induftry, and wife counfels. If .
yougive yourfelves upto idlenefe
andfloth, 'tis in vairi to invoke
the affiftance of the Gods. They
are angry and enraged at you. In
the days of old, Aulus Manlius
Torquatus in the Gallick war, or-
dered his fon to be put to deatfa,
for fighting contrary to his order.
Thus was that excellent youth pu«
niftied forhisilUgovemedcourage.
You are in doubt what todo with
parricides, movedj I fuppofc, by
the great innocence of their lives,
before they engaged in thisprcjeS.
Y«s, ftiew a regard to thc quaJity
of Lentulus, if ever he (hew«d
the leaft to his own chaftity, or
credit, to either Gods or men.
1 vita^

66

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

vita €aiera eorum huic
fceleri ohjiat. Verum par-^
cite dignitati Le^tuh ; Ji
rpfe pudicitia^ Ji fama
jua^ fi diis aut hominibus
umquam ullius pepercit,
Ignofcite Cethegi adolef-^
centiiv^ nift iterum jam
patria bellumfecit, Nam
quid ego de Gabinioy Sta-
tilioy Ciepario loquar?
^uibus fi quidquam penji
unquam fuiffet^ non ea
confilia ae republica ha^
huiffent, Pojirepio^ Pa^
tres Confcripti^ fi meher"
cle peccato locus effet^ fa-
cile paterer ms ipja re
corrigi ; quoni^m verha
contemnitis, Sed undique
circumventi fumus. Cati-
lina cum exercitu infau-
cihus urget. Alii intra
mania atque infnu urbis
funi iiojies. Neque parari
neque confuli quidquam
occulte poteJl\ quo ma-
gis properandum eji.
^uare ita ego cenfeo :
Cum nefario confilio Jce^
Uratorum civium refpub"
iica in maxuma pericula
venerit^ hique indicio Tl
Volturcii \ Csf . legatorum
Allohrogum convi^i^ con^-
Jeffique Jint^ Ci^demy in-
jcendiaj aiiaq*y fada atq;
criideUa facimra in civis
patriamq'y paravijfe ; de
confeffts^ Jicutir de mani^
feftis rerum capitaliumy
mre majorum JuppTtcium
fumendum^

Pardon the youth of Cethegus, if
this be not the fecond time he has
made war upon his country. ,For
what need 1 fay any thlng of Ga-
binius, Statilius, and Cseparius ?
who, if they had had but the
leaft confideration at all, would
never have engaged in fuch defigns
againft the publick. Finally, fe-
thers, if there was in this cafe
room for mifconduft, I could ea-
•filyfuffcryou to be fet rightby
the event, fince you regard not
words. Butwearepuftiedhomeon
all fides, Catiline with an afmy
isjuft upon us. Others of the
enemy are within our walls, and
in the midft of the city itfelf.
No preparations or confultations
of ours can be concealed from
them, and therefore we muft ufe
expedition. Wherefore my opi-
nion is this. Since the ftate has
been brought into the utmoft
danger by the villainous contri-
vance of fome wicked members
of it, and thefe have been fuflSci-
entiy proved guilty of the fame,
by the evidence of T. Volturcius,
and the deputies of the Allobro-
gcs, and have confeflred their be-
mg concerned in a defign to af-
faffinate divers gentlemen, and
fire the clty, and to commitvari-
ous other di/inal and cruel crimcs
againft their fellow-citizens and
country, my opinion, I faj^ is,
that they be puniihed accon'
. antient ufage, as being,
own confemon, manifeffl]
of crimes worthy ofdeal

€

Lvn.

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

67

.VII. Poftquam Ca-
to afifedit ; con^lares
omnes, itemque fenati
magna pars, fententiam
ejus laudant, virtutem a-
nimi ad coelum ferunt.
Alii aiios increpantes ti-
midos vocant. , Cato cla-
rus atque magnus habe-
tur- Senati decretum fit,
ficut jUe cenfuerat. Sed
mihi, multa legenti,
multa audienti, ' quae
populus Romanus do-
mi militiaeque, mari at-
que terra praeclara fa-
cinora fecit, forte lubuit
attendere, quae res max-
ume tanta negotia fufti-
nuiflet. Sciebam fsepe-
numero paVva manu cum
magnis legionibus hofti-
um contendifle. Cogno-
veram parvis copiis bella
gcfta cum opulentis re^-
bus; ad hoc, faepe for-
tunae violentiam tolerafle;
facundia Graecos, gloria
belli Gallos ante Roma-
nos fuifle. Ac mihi mul-
ta agifanti, conftabat,
paucorum civium egregi-
am virtutem cun£b p^^
travifle; eoque fa^ip,
uti divitias paupertas,
multitudinem paucitas
fuperaret. Sed poftquam
luxu atque defidia civitas
corrupta eft; rurfus ref-
publica magnitudine fua
imperatorom atque ma«
giftratuum vitia fuftenta-
bat ; ac, veluti efFoeta pa-
fent^ ^iultis temjpeftati-

LVIL Mer Cato fate down^
all the Comular gentlemen^ with
the greatejt part oftbe reji^ at^
J>laud his fentence^ and extol his
rejilution to the heavensj upbraid^
ing and calling one another cow^
ardsy but magnifiing ani( celebra'-
ting Catofor a hero. Accordingly
a vote taffed conformahle to his
advice.j^ "Now^ as I have readand
heard m^ch of the noble atchieve-f
ments of the Roman peoplcy bath
in peace and war^ byfea andhy
landy I had a, mind to make a
Jlri£l enquiry into the true fpring
ofall their mightyfuccefs* Iwa$
fenjibley they had ofientimes with
a handful of men engaged vaji
armies of their enemies* I was
not ignorantj 4hey had carried on
wars againft mighty princes with
fmallforces ; • and befides^ had of-*
tentimes felt the feverefi flrokes of
ill fortune\ that the Greeks were
fuperior to them in eloquencey and
the Gauls for reputation in war.
Upon due conftderation I found^
that the proaigious bravery and
fonduSf of afew fine men did aU^
and was the true caujcy that po-
verty prevailed againji riches^ and
fmall njmbers againfi great. But
after the city became dehauched
with luxury and idlenefsy Jlill the .
commonwealthj by reafon of ifs
grandeur^ was able to bear up un^
der all the vices of it's comman^
ders and magijirates\ but yet
Rome^ like a woman effete with .
the produSIion ofa numerous broody
' did not, for a long time^ producefo
much as one man of any extraor^
dinary charaSIer.. But within the
compafs ofmy own times^ we have

I jt bu^

6«

C. C&ISPI SALLUSTII.

bus haud lane quifquam had two perfons df great abilltlesj
Rbmae virtute magnus hut quite different diffofttiom^ Al.
fuit. Sed, menaofia mtfea, Cato and 6. Cafar^ whom I was
ingenti virtute, diverfis not wiiling to pafs Jlightly by^ ftnce
moribus fuere viri duo, fofair an opportunity prefented af
M. Cato & C. Ca?far*, enlarging upon their chAra5lers.
quos, quoniam res ob- l/They were pretty much upon a par^
tul^at, filentio praeterire ^-ty/V^ refpe6i to their exiraSfiony

age^ and eloquence, They had
both the fame greatnefs lof fouly
with an equaljhare ofgkry^ but
of a different kind, C(zfar was
celebrated fir a houndlefs and no-
hle generofity^ Catofor ihe inte-
grity of his life ne former he-
camefamous by his mildnefs and
mercy ; his feverity gave a mighty
reputation to ihe latter, Cafar
acquired glory hy the praSIice of
generofity^ compajjion^ and cle-
mency\ Cato hy refufmg to wajie
his fuhjiance in hribing the peaple,
' In one there was a fure refuge
far dando, fublevando, for the miferable \ in ihe other cer-
ignofcendo ; Cato, nihil tain deJiruSiion for the wicked,

The eafmefs of the former was
admiredy thejieady refolution of
the latteri^ rinally^ Cafar was
lahorious, yigilant^ intent upoh
all occaftons offerving his friends^
to the negleSt of his otJn concerns ;
denied no hody any thing that was
worth iheir acceptance^ and
fought nothing for himfelf but

non foit conplium; quin
utriufque naturam & mo-
res, quantum ingenio
poflem, aperirem.^jClgi-
tur his genus, aetas^ elo-
quentia prope aequalia fu-
ere. Magnitudo animi
par, item gloria; fed alia
alii. Caefar beneficiis ac
munificenti^ magnus ha-
bebatur ; • integritate vita
Cato. IUe manfuetudine
& mifericordia clarus fac-
tus; huic fevcritas dig-
nitatem addiderat. Cae-

Jargiundo, gloriam adep-
tus eft. In altero miferis
perfugium; in altero ma-
lis pernicies. IUius facili-
tas, hujus conftantia, lau-
dabatur. Poflxemo Cap-
far in animum ' induxerat
l^borare, vigilare; nego-
tiis amicorum intetitus,
fua negligere; nihil dene-
gare, quod dono dignum
eflfet; fibi magnum im-

the command ef an army^ with a

new wary in order to difplay his
va/i^abilities io the world, Cato
was a lover of moderation^ decen-
cy^ andy ahove aU^ ftriSi 'difci"
pline. He did not vi^ '^ith the
rich in riches^ nor infaSiion wiih
thefaSiious^ but in brctvery with
tbe hrave^ in modejiy with the
Non divitiis cum divite, modeji^ and iti jujiice ivith the

•^ '- neque

perium, exercitum, bel-
lum novum exoptabat,
ubi virtus enitefcere pof-
fet. At Catoni ftudium
tnodeftiae, dec(5tis ; fed
maxume feveritatis erat.

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

69

neque faftione cum ftc- innocent. JJr chi^£ retherU be
tiofo; fed cum ftrenuo good^ than appear fo-y and thirt-
virtute, cum innocenteab- frre the /j/i he fought after ghry^
ftmenria certafoat. Efle, the more it fiilowed him^
quam videri^ bonus malebat. Ita, q«K> minus glQriam ^te-
bat, eo magis illum ^|equebatur.

LVIII. Poftquam, uti LVIII. After the Senate, as I
dixi, fenatus in Catenis havefaiel^ gave in to Caio^s opU

nim^ tht Canful thinking ii tbt
beji way to have the fentence sxi^
cuted that very night^ which was

fententiam.difceffitj con-
ful optumum faftu ratus,
noftem, quae inftabat.

antecapere, ne quid eo /«/? at hand\ fir fear of any ri"
fpatio novaretur, trium- Jing in the city^ in cafe of delay^
viros, quae fupjdicium orders the Triumviri to have aH
poftulabat, parare jubet. things ready for the fame, Ht
Ipfe,. praeiidiis difpofitis, himfelf conduSls Lentulus to pri-^
Lentulum in carcerem fon^ where he placedjirong guardsi
jdeducit. Idem fit-ceeteris whilfi the Prators do the fame by
per pratores. Eft in car- the reji cf the confpirators. There
cere locus quod Tullia- is a place in the jaiiy calied Tul- .
num appdlatur, ubi paul- lianum, upon a fmaii rife to the
lulum afcenderis ad lae- lefi hand^ as one enters^ which is
vam, circiter XII. pedes Junk tweive foot within the earthj
humi depfefius. Eum fecured on aiiftdeshy JirongwaUs^
muniunt undique parie- dnd a good arch ofjione ahove^

but a najiy^ dark^ fiinking^ dif
mai piaee, As foon as Lentmus
was iet down tnto the fame^ the
executiorters appointedfor thepur»
lis ejus facies. In eum lo- pofejirangied him, Thus did that
cum poftquam dcmifliis gentieman of a patrician famifyy

the grcat famty of the Comeliiy
who had been Confui o^ Romej
come to an end fuitedto his man",
ners and behaviour, CetieguSj
Statiiiusy GahirtiuSy and Qepa-^
riusy were aiipunijhed in thefame
manner, *

mae habuerat, dignum moribus faSifque fuis exitum vitae
inVenit. De Cethego, Statilio, Gabinio, Caepario^ eodem
xnodo fupplicium fumptum eft.

LIX. Dum ea RomaB LIX. Whiijl thefe things are
geruntur, Catilina ex doing at Rome^ Catiline formed
^mni copia, quam ipfe two iegions out of the tr^ops he

adduxe-

tes, atque infuper camera
lapideis fomicibus 'vinc-
ta; fed ihcultu, tenebris,
odorefaeda, atque terribi-

eftLentuIus; vindices re-
rum capitalium, quibus
praeceptum erat, laqueo
gulam fi^egere. Ita ille pa-
tricius, ex gente clariflu-
ma * Coffneliomm, qui
corifulare imperium Ro-

70 C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

r

adduxerat & Mahlius ha- had brought tuitb him^ dnd thofB

• buerat, duas legiones in-^ of Manlius together^ and makes

ftituit, cohortes pro nu- up his hattalions according to the

mero militum complet. number of his men ; and then as

Dein, uti quifque voljin- any pohnteers^ or thofe that had

tarius aut ex fociis in ca- before engaged it^ the ploty came

ftra venerat, aequaliter iw, he difpofed of ihent equalfy

diftribuerat; acbrevifpa- among histroops-y and in a Jhort

tio legiones numero ho- time made his legions full as io

minum expleverat; cum number tho* he had not at firfi

initio non amplius duo- above tivo thoufand men. Uf

busmillibushabuiflet. Sed thefe about a. fourth part were

ex onmi copia circiter compleatly armed\ the refi^ as it^

pars quarta erat militari- happened^ had fpears or lances^

bus armis inftrufta. Cae- and fome onfy Jharp fiakes. But

teri,. ut quemque cafiis after the approach of Anthony

armaverat, fparos aut lan- with his army^ , Catiline took to

ceas, alii praeacutas fudes the mountains, andone while made

portabant. Sed poftquam a movement towards Rome^ and

, Antonius cum exercitu then again > towards Gaul^ but

adventabat, Catilina per wouldgive the eneray no opportu^

montis iter facere; modo nity ofbattle. He hoped hejhould

ad urbem, modo in Gal- fpeedtly have a vafi army^ if his

Eam verfus caftra move- ' fellows did butfucceed in the exe^

re; hoftibus occafionem cution of their defigns in town.

pugnandi non dare. Spe- In the mean time he rejufed the

rabat propediem magnas Jlaves that came in to him atfirfi

copias k habiturum, fi in great numbers^ depending upon

Romae focii incepta pa- the fimngth of the confpiracy ; -

traviflent. Interea fervi-^ andjat thefame time not thinking

tia repudiabat, cujus ihi- it confifient with his pretenfionsy

tio ad eum magnae copiae to appear to jumble freemen and

concurrebant, opibus con- flave^ together in thefame interefi.

juradonis fretus; fimul But afi$r news arrived in the

alienum fuis rationibus campy that a full difcovery hadbeen

exiftumans, videri cauf- made &f the con/piracy at Rome ;

fam civium cum fervis that Lentulusy Gthegus^ and the

fugitivis* communicaflfe. reji mentioned above^ had been all

Sed poftquam in caftra put to deathy mofi of Catiline^s

nuhcius pervenit, Romae men^ whom the hopes of plunder^

Cdnjurationem patefac- or the love of changCy had tetnpt^

tam, dc Lentulo, & Ce- ed to the war^ flip away. The

thego, caeterifque, quos refi Catiline ledby great marches

fupra joaemoravi, fuppli- ihrough craggy mountainsy intp

. ^ium,

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

71

cium ftimptum, plerique,
quos ad bellum fpes rapi-
narum, aut novarum re-
rum ftudium illexerat, di-
labuntur. Reliquos Cati-
lina per montis afperos
magnis itineribus in a-
grum Piftorienfem abdu-
cit; eo confilio, uti per
tramites occulte profuge-
ret in Galliam Tranfelpi-
nam. At Q. Metdlus Ce-
lercum tribus legionibus
in agro Piceno prasfidebat 5
ex difiiculte rerum ea-
dem illa exiflximans, quse
fiipra diximus, CatHinam
^gitare. Igitur, ubi iter
qus ex perfiigis eognovit,
caftta propere movit, ac
fub ipfis i;adicibus moh-
tium cojifedit, qua illi de-
fcenfus erat ih Galliam
properanti. Ncque ta-

the neighbourhood of Pi/lorium^
tn order to make his way privately
through fome narrow' defiles jnto
Tranfalpine Gaul. But ^ Me^
tellus Celer was po/Ied with three
legions in the territory of Picenej
who guejfed by thejireights Cati"
line wqs in^ he had fuch a defign^
as has been mentionedj in vieWm
Whirefore heing informed byfome
deferters from him^ of the rout
he had taken^ he immediately
-marched away^ and encamped at
tbe bottom of the mountainy where
he was ' to pafs into GauL Nior
was Anihony far offy who purfued
the enemy fiying wiih Httle or na
baggagCy wiih a goed army^ a~ .
long the low country, But Cati-'
line finding himfelf imlofedhy the
mauntainSj. and the enemy^s troepi
togetherj that all went wAng tn
the citVs and that there

— * — jf — — ^ — — Q —
exercitu locis sequioribus
expeditos in fugam feque-
retur. Sed Catilina, poft-
qnam vidit montibus at-

ctty^ ana tuat tmre was m

hopes either of fiight or defenc§

men Antonius longe abe- ' within waUs^ thinking it the hejl

rat; utpote qui magno way infuch a cafe^ to trythefor^

tune ofa battle, he refohed to en^
gage Anthony as foon as poffible*
Wherefore calling his army toge^
ther^ hemade thtm afpeech to tbe
que copiis hoftium fefe folkwing purpofe.
daufum, in urbe res adverfas, neque fugae ncque prsefidii ul-
lam fpem, optumum &£hi ratus in tali re fortunam belli ten-
tare, ftatuit cum Antonio quam primum confligere. Itaque^
concione advocata, hujufcemodi orationem habuit«

LX. Compertum ego LX. I am very fenfible, gcn*^
hdbeoy militesj verba vi- tlemen, that words cannot infpire

courage, and that an army of
droncs will never become vigo--
rous and adive, or of cowards
bravfe, by any thing a general can
fay to thcm. Juft as much cou-
rage as nature or ufe has given a
man, wiU he fticw in time of bat*

tanta

ris virtutem non addere;
neque ex ignavo ftrenuum^
neque fortem ex timtdo
exercitum oratione impe^
ratoris fieri ^anta cu^f
jufque animo audacia na^
tura aut mribus ineft^

7^

C, CRISPJ SALLUSTII

iani^ in beUo patenfokt.
^mm neque ghria neque
p^ricula excitaret^ nequic-
quam borttre, Ttmor a/ii-
mi auribus officit. Sed ego
^oSj qiio pauca momrem^,
advocavis Jimul uti cauf^
fam conjilii mei aperirem,.
Scitis equidem^ ?nilites^
focordia atque ignavia
Lentuliy quantam ipji no'
iif(^ue cladem adtukrit ;
quoque modoy dum ex ur-
be jprafidia opperior^ in
GnUiam profictfci nequi-
*uerim* l^unc vero^ quo
m loco res nojira fint^
jusfta Tnecum omnes inteU^
ligitis.

LXI. Exercitus hojii^
tm duo^ unus ab urbcj
^er a Gallia^ objiant.
Diutius in bis locis ejfey.ji
maxume animus ferat^
friimenti atque dliarum
rerum egejias prohibet.
^uocunque ire placety
ferro iter aperiundum efi.
^uapropter v^s moneo^
utiforti atque parato ani*
mo fitis ; Csr, cum praii-'
um ' inibitisy memineri^
tis^ vos divitias^ decus^
ghriam^ praterea iiber"
tatem^ atque patriam^ in
dextris vejiris portare. .
5/ vincimus^ omnia nobis
iuta erunti cojnmeatus.
abundcy municipia atqug
cobnia patebunt,^ Sin me^
tu cejferimus^ eadem ill^
advorfa fient \ neque lo-
cus neque amicus quifquam
tegety . fuem arma uon

de. 'Tis ui vain to encourage
one, whom neithef glcrry aor dan-
ger can work upou; his fear pre-
vents all attention to what: you
fay. I have therefore called you
together, only to jgive you a little
advice, and acquaint ypfu witli the:
reafon of my proceedings.. You
know fuU weil7 gentlemen, what
liiifchief theduilnefs and ina<Sivity
of Lentulus has» brought upon
bimfelf arid us all ; and how,
whilft I wait here fof reinforce-
ments from town, I have beea
preventedfrom getting into G^ul.
Now you are all as fenfible as I
myfel^ of the ftateofour affairs.

/ -

LXL We have two anbies up-
ou us, pnefiromRome, andano-
ther frQ.m Gaul. The w^nt of
corr^ and ottiiKr npceflaries, will
not allow of jDur contihuance here,
tho' we never fo much defired it.
And whitherfoever we think of
niarching, >ye muft mak< our way
-with the fword. Wherefore be
bold and refolute, and whien yQU
engage, cortfider that you carry
riches, honpur, gjory, liberty,
and your country, in your right
hanas. If we conquer, all will
be fafe j we fhall have plenty of
provifions, and the boroughs and
colonies all at our devotion. But
if we flinch through fear, our cafe
will be the reyerfe. No place or
friend will be able to fecure him, •
Y^hom arms could not. Befides,
gentlemen, there is not the fame
neceflity incumbent upon us and
thetti. We fight fpr our countiy,
llbeiFty, and livesi they to ad-

iexe-^

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

n

Htei^ non eadem nobfs ^

illis necejjitudo ifnpendet.

Nosprapairii', pro liber^

t£tte^ pro vlta certamus.

lUis Jupervacaneum efl

\pro potenti^ taidcorum

puznarev hua atmictusrag^

.^redtmmt^ ^mfimores pri-^

Jiina viriuiis. Licuit

yance the power of a few^^^y^^ich
they haye no need to /ia j which
;fliould.encourage.yx>u .to/ajl on
bl-ayely, jiundfil of your ^qrmpr
oDurage. We migl^t' h^y^ lived jin
bahiihment, but vfith .rt\Q .v^mq^
difgface. Sojifie of y^u top mig^t
have liyed at Rome in ia !ftanricg
condition« and a flatef oi deperi-
dance. ^ JBut bec^ijjfe thofe things
ziobis £um Junmd turpi^ at)peare<^8i(honoura^ ^itok-
'ti^ii^e in, jexjilio fstatem ' raSle to.^rave men^ you- refolyed
j^gere. P}>iuijiis nonnul' upbii th^^Vart yo\§^now a^, . A.^^
2i Romar,..amjjJts bpnis^ i^y^^ deftre to jget out pf yqijr
aiienas iipks ejcpe£fare. prefent^ill circamftances,' cp;uf age
J^ta illa.. fieda aique itt" . is the only way to it. Noqie but
toleranda viris videban- . conguergrs eyer. chaf^e war for
iur^ bac Mqui. decrevi^ Pf^^S^* S^9^ ^^ ^^^. f^c^fity 91
^is.^ Si tfjsc relinquere ,fl»glit, whenthearms thajlhquii
vultisi audacia ipis ^ ejl. 'iecure ajinap, aretumedifrpm ttie
Nimo^ mji vipory .pace aiemy, -is nKidnefs..^ Xhe' moii
'belltim .'mutavit. ,^am 'timOTous are alyvay^; ifi .tjie- m^
in fuga Jduiem Jperare^ . danger.in time oftottle. . yaloi^r
cum arma [quis cofpus te^, ,is a wall ,of defence,^ Whep X
gitur^ dk . hoflibus ayer^ . confider .you, an4 ypur gallai^t

behaviom*, gcpdensien, I ain in

reat bop^ of vjfijoiry. Yo\xt

jirit, jouth, and ccwrage, giye

liie heart ; as alfo the nepeffity

you are under, which makes cow-

ards brave. For the narrownefs

of the place we are to eiigage in,

fecares^us againft being furround--

viSforia teniK .'JnimuSy .ed by the enemy's numbersp But

\ietas^ virtus yejlra me if fortuiie cnvy your brayery, be

fureyou fall not unrevenged. Suf-
fer notjourfelves tobe takenand
ftaughtered like cattle \ but f^ljt
like men rather, and leave the
enemy a bloody, and a forrowful
_ viftory.
ft virtutl veflra fortuna ihviderity cavetej ne inulti animam
amittatis i neve capti potiuSy Jicuti pecora^ trucidemini^ qt*am
virorutn inore pu^nantes^ cruentam atque luSiuofam vi^oriam
hojlibus relifiquatts* ' K LXU»

-tensj ea vero dementta
£ft. Semper Jn pr^lio iis
maxumum. eji periculumy
t^ui maxume timent. -<&-
Jacia pro muro habetur.
Cum vos conftderoy mili-
ies,f h^ eum .JaSa vejira
^sjiumoy magna me fpes

hortantur-y praterea ne-
cejfttUdoj qu^ etiam timi-^
dos fortis facit» Namy
muititudo hojiium ne cir^
cunruenire queatj prohi-
tent angiJiia. loci, ^Uod

:y4 •'•'(3. CRISPI SAtLUStlt' *

' • liXII.' Haec"ubi-dixit, ^^^^» ^^^ ^f^^ the delhery^
' pauUulum ^^^ commoratus of ihis fpeech^.he ^commanded the
' 'figna xariere- jubet j ?itque . jighal to he giDeh for hattle^ and
" inftru6tbs"bnfines m lo- draws dowh his troops in fhper
•cum3equuAi'deciucit. ID^- ordir tipon' a 'troiind toinmodious

- ih,' refftfotis omnium ' ti- fof him 5 and then hauihg ordered

- ^tiisi qiJa- 'ntilitibus, ex- all ihe horfes (nxxay^ to pui the ikore
; sequ^to peiiculo, animus ; 'fefohtibn ihio hirmen^. Ijy. makihg

afmplibf ' eflet, ipfe • pedcs the dariger of aii .»A'i^ • he heing
exercittim pro loco atque • -" hirnfelf m foot^ marjhcds his: ar-*
Copiid Wftrutt:- Nam,' utr ' t^t^j '^j the nature xfthe placey
plartities- e/atr' mteir fini^^ ^and^his mmherof tneh reqmred.
ftros monti^^''& ab dfeXte-^- ^'-Pdr' as ihe pldih pad'on the left a
' ra fupes a^era, b6lo co^ ^moimtain^ andon therighta crag-
hortis in fronte coriflitxr-'* ^jy rvcky he dreiv up eight. baitali^
it ; reliqua -figria in fub-' - tms-infrohty andthe . refihe pla^
fidiis.ar6Hti$ coUocat. A-b ' ced''clofe in the y^ear^ to relieve
his centuriones oriitiisj & - thefh upon occdfoh*' But he 'cuU
evocatbsj ' priaeter^a ex hdfrom amongjt^ them^alt the choi^
greg^rits - militibus pptu^ ceft xenturiorts^ andothef old foh
mum quemqiie afmiatum 'diersy 'e*uen comnh)n fildiers' tooy
irt priniaitt' acieni fufcdu- ahd^ pofted them in ihe fofemofi
cit. C Mahlium in dex- rank* He appointyC. Manttusto
tra, Faefulanum quen- command onthe right^ afid an of^
dam in finiftfa parte' cu- • ftce¥ of Feefulte onthe ieftJ' tit
rarejubeti ' Ipfe cum Ir-' with' his freed^-men^' am fome of
bertis &' cotenis prdpter 'Sulla^s^olafoldiers^ that had fettled
aquilarii adfiffit, quam, in thofe partSj took up hisjiand hy
bello Cimbrico C. Mari- '" the eagte^ wpich^ it' was faid^ C.
us in exercitu habuiflTe di- . Marius ^had hadin his army in the
cebatur. At ex ialtera paf- Cimbrick wan On the otherfidey
te C. Antonius, pedibus ^C, Anionius heing rendered hy a
ager, quod praelio , adefle ftt ofthe goutj uhcapahie to com-
nequibat, M. Petrejo le- m.ai^ himfeif upoh ihis occafton^
■ gato exercitum permit- commiftioned his lieuienant'-general
tit. IUecohortis vetera- M, Fetreius to fupply his place.
^ nas, quas tumuhi cauflTa Accordingly he pofis the old hatta-
confcriprerat, infronte; lions^ which hehad dranjun^ toge-
poft' eas, cseterum ^er- thtr upon account of this rebelii'
•citum in fubfidiis' locat. on^ in thefront^ and behind them
Ipfe, equo circumiens, the r-eji ofthearmy^ to reinforce
unumquemque nomi- thcm^ if need required, He ri-.
pans, appcUat, hortatur, ding about^ and calling upon his
jrogat, uti meminerint fe men^ here andtherehy name^ ani^

• . cmU'a

BELLUM/^ATILtNARlUM) 7J

t^tra: •ktroru$..'imrmsy.',7n(lt^h cncouxages^ fftdj t^gs -of
pra- .patria, \pro lib^rii^^ ^he?nj to coniider, «Ijat they were.
pri aris atque focis Juis noyv U> fight agaiaft ^ parcel pf
cerfare, . Hoino mifita- iinarmed robbers, iortheircbun,-^-
ris, quod ampliu^ aniios iry, ii?^ir ch^dren, and..tl>^ir all.
r?0, tribunus aut praefec- jind. as he^ had led the:iiU, pf a /&/- *
tuSy aut legatus, aut prae- . , ^n^r^ \having. been\ .emplQyfa, ,in the^
tor, cum rnagna gloria . militaryferviffwih.gr^at reputa-^
in exercitu fuerat, plerof- ' tlonyfor above ihirty.years' tcge*,,
qucy ip/bs, . faftaque eorum ther, ^ as Jribune^^,,^pmm^,d^r of^,
fortia nover^t, ea com- horfey lieutenant-generfly or pra^ ,
rnemorando, p:iiUtUm a- tor, h^ was acquainted/uiith, mo/i ,
nimgs aceend^ljat,. ifthefoldiers, and the brave ac^\

tionsweyhadperformed^.bytakipg,,
. notice.of whicp^ he, ^ef-y mkch rai-^ .
. fed their cpuraze. ^ , ^ ,.

LXIli. Sed ubi, otn- , LXJII. After a thorough in^ .
nibus , rebus exploratis, -. fpeSfim into the fitfpo/kion Qf his
Pel;j:ejus tubai fignum da^." troots^^ Pctreiu^ V^Jfrx ih^ ftgnal ■
cohortis pauUatim ince- 'io le ^founded, , anf 'il>e Jfatt^lions
dere jubet. Jdeqi fecit bo- to a^vance ftowly^ wV^W ^^, ^^-*..
ftium exercitus». Poft- mfs army does t\efami. .After^^^
quam ^o ventum eft, un- they^ came ncar enougk for , the ^
de^a fereritajciis . praqlium, Ught-armedfoldiersto'begin ihe
committi^ poffet ; ri^axu- ^ Jighty hoth Jtdes fall io piork . with
nip cIamore,.infefti^ fignis, . a very great thbut^ Jword in hand^
cpricurrunt,; .pila omit- [without maktng tfe of ih(ir fi)ort^
tunt ; gladiis res gqritun. lances, ^hiveteransy^mi^dfuiof
Veter^ni priftiriaB virtu- their forrner bravery^engqge the,\
tis memores, cominus enemy in clofe fight with great ,
acriter inftare ^ illi haud fury i^^whil^ they make as . jgallant ,
timidi refifturif. Maxuma a reft/iance^ fo ihat a very de^e'^,
vi certatur.y .Iriterea' Ca-. rate battle enfued. In .which Ca-^
tillria cum expeditis in ^ iiline- with a detdQhed pariy^ mo- ,
prima acte verfari; la- * vedahout in thejirfi .Itney reliev-^ ]
borantibusfuccurrer^; in- 'ing the dijlrejfedy bringing . up i
tegrbs prd fauciis accer- frejh mert to fupply the ptace pfthe ,
ferej omnia- prbvidere; iJooundedy arid providing. for^- all. ^
niultum ipfe pugnare, ^xigences ; fighting himfelf too, in '-.
faepe hoftem ferire. Strc- perfon' very^ ofien^ . ahd ^perform-^ .
nui riiilitis & bpni 'iriipe- ' tng..at once^ali ih'e .duties 'ofafioui
ratoris officia fimuLexfe-i foldiery dnd d goocf commanderm
quebatur. !Petrejus, ubi Petreiusfinfing jOatiliney conira^

vi^Qt .Catilinam, contra ry iihii^pe^aiionsymnd to it^

K 2 ac

76

<^i CRISPI SALLUSTII

\

ac rattts crat, magna vi with great objiinac^^ bringf nf
tendere, cohortem prse- the generafs oivnjeie^ batialion -
toriam in rtiedios hpftis ufOn their mffin body^ bywhichhe\
tnducit; ep%ie pcrtur- hnke them\ and tbo* the^ rallted.
batos, att[ue aHos alibi re- ' agalvy and fixted' abont upojt him
fiftjent^ iftferficit. Deinde here and ihere^ jft he mqdie vafi^
utrimqueex lateribusca-^ fiaftfghter of Ihem. Ajier' nXfhhtk
teros aggreditur. Manlius^ , he aitacki thi rtH in^eath^r^. .
& Faefalanus. in pnmis Manlius and thi Fajulan werd
pugnantes cadimtV Pbft- ' amongfi the firft ihat fielU Cati^ .
cjpam fuTas copias, fequc line Jeeing his fones f^outedy ^"^ .
ctfm jiaueis rcliaum vir ^ri^^lf teft wiih^ d findU pcirty^ .
det.Catiliria, mcjnor gc- thatjioodby him^ refteSltng upon
nSris" atque^ prifliniae dig- bis.fehnilyy and former dignitjy
nitatis faae, in cbnfcrtiG ri^fd in amongft the thickeji of
fumos hoftis incurrit, ibi- thje enemyy and.%.uas thert. Jlai^
que pugnaris cdnfoditur. figlking to ihe lafii

tXW. t^yco^o,: XXIV; Jtfiei^ ' the battle was
pfaelio, tltm vero cerne- eHded^ you mtght haye feen ample
TeSs^ quahta audacia, qugn- toiens of the. defperAte' couragc
taqU^ ahimi visf fuiflej ih and fpirii }n ihe armf. of CatiUne^,
cjcercitu, Catilinae. Nam They were generdlly found fiain
ferej quen(i quifque, viyus upo^ [the yery fpotthsy ivcr&pojted
pugnando iQCum ceperat, iri at fhe heginnin^ Qftise. aljiony
efim, amif& anima, cor- Somefewonly ofthe main bo^^^
porie tegcbat, ^Pauci au- which hadbeek brokeby the ^ine//
t€in quoi; inedios cohori raTs gudrd^.fetlfcatfetedhere
pritbrii digecerat, pauUo and there''at .la liitfe ^ijtdtice^ bnt^
dhrerflUs, fed omhes ,^a. aHwiih woiinds before. But Ca^.
men adverfii vulncritus^ tiline himfelf vdasfoimS ata great ^
cdnciderant. ^ Catilina.yiero dijtance frpmthe,refl^ am^ft^hat.
longp a fuis injer hoftmm heaps of ihe' Jlaught^red enem^^^ ,
cada^era repqtus " efl^ . not qutte deady andret^ining iH ^
p^IIukmi etiafn. l][)irans> his loiks his Wonied ^fiercenefi*
fetociamque anirijiij quam finalty^ out of all ihat numhef^
hibuerat yivu$, m vuitu notfomuchasoneman dbove ihc\
n^mens. iPoftremo, ex qualityofajldye^wasjakeiiyeir:,,
oibni copia, n^que in prae- ther in t6e batile^ or in ihe fiigh^ \
lio, rieque in fiiga, qriif- that they feemed to^ hdve. fpdrea \
qtoi^ civisingemius cap- their ownjivesy ds .little as th&fe^^
tus etf. Ita 'cuhai fijae ofthe enemy.' Nor.had ihe armf.
hoftiumque^ vit^ juxta ' ofthe.repulbUckmuch reafQntore^
pfperceraiit N^qiie ta- joice hi their vi£loryy , as being /t
irtcri^exferdtus populi Ro- very^iloody one. For tbe bravejf

^ ' mani'

•

BELLUM qATILINARIUM. 77

ma^ Iztam >ut 'iiftiWi- ttm^g-tiiim weri aU^ »tthirlp^ny
tam. viSonain. adeptus. an -dtfitrattfy uioundid. jManf
cni. Nam flrcoinfiomuii thca camt tut ef thi tBmf 4e vien/ .
quifque aut occtderat in the field of battli, or plunder tbe
pnelio, aut graviter vul- Jlainy in tumiling over the dead
neratus difc^fqt^ Midti io^/J, fiitne feund afrifndy atbtrs
autem, qui e caiftris vi- a rtiation-y andfome te» iightup-
fundi, aut fpoliasdi gratia on th<ir jnemiet. So ihat_ tbere
proceflenint, volventea was "throughoui the vjhtU armyy
hoftilia c^davera, atnicuin a Jlrangt- mixtttr^e of-mrth^aad
alii, pars hofpitem aut prrimiy mourning andjoy.
■ comatura reperiebant. Fuarcvitsni, qui inimicos fuos cog-
noTcerent. Ita varie per omnem exercitum lictitia, moeror,
ludus, atque^auti(^,^t|ibaaturp '

C CJLI.S-,,

. >'

«

I »

"r">

•C; Crispi SallusttJ

^^ I ,

- ■ <-\ /-v

JUG

THA:

f •^ « ■- * ^

" > * 1 ■ . <.;^ J

&tI-VvEj'

- u

y i:

w'< • '

Belluin Jugiirthintim.

FA L S O queritur
de natura fua ge-
nus humanurt,
quod imbecille atque aevi
brevis, forte potius, quam
virtute, regatur. Nam
contra reputando, nequc
tnajus aliud, neque prae-
ftabilius invenias ; ^ tnagif-
que naturae induflriam
hominum, quam yim aut
tempus, deefle. S^ddux
atque imperator vitae
mortalium animus eft ;
qui, ubi ad gloriamvir-
tutis via graffatur, abunde
poUens, potenfque, & cla-.
rus eft, neque fortuna
^et ; quippe quae probi^
tatem, induftriam, aliaf-
que artis bonas neque da-
re, neque eripere cuiquam
poteft. bin captus pravis
cupidinibus, ad inertiam
& voluptates corporis
peffumdatus .dft, pernici-
ofa* lAbidine p&uUifper u-

MAnkini complain of thett^
nature without caufe^ as
infirm and Jhort-lived^
and more under tbe dire^fion of
chance than virtue^ But upon
confidering the human frame in d
diffetent^vieWy you will find no^^
thing in ihe world m^re great and
excellent ; and that men wantin^»
dujlry more than abilities^ or tirrui
Nqw' the foul is the leader and
commander tn the life of man^
which^ whll/i it purfues glofy itt
ihe way of virtue^ ts abundantfy
vigorous^ dblej ■ and gloriouSj and
fUtnds . in no need of fortune^s
help ; as who can neither give nor
take away from any one probity^
indufiry^ or other good qualitiesi
But if the mindy Captivated by
wicked lujisy ftnks into idlenefs and
pleafure^ after it has for a while
indulged its httmour^ to the ruin of
ifs own vigoury and tbat of the
body^ bejides lofs of time^ thi
weaknefs of human nature is bla^
medfor it j as people ofill condu£t

fus*

B^LLUM^jtrfeURTHINUlKl.

79

'quippe cuipam' , a£lore$

;ad riegotia tt^nsferurit.
Quod fi horalnibUs bd-
natura rtmta tahta cui^a

^effet, quatito -ftudio alie-
na ac nihil* profutura,

'iiiukum etTam' periculo-
fkj ' pttunt ; heque rege-
rcntti^ In^gis quam rege-

^fv&y 'Hibi'*^p&r'' {ocOT&zm^ * ar^^apth transfer all hldme fram
vircs,^ tefr!pu$^"''ihgenrum '"''/ii^^ upon the"- circumjlances

*3iffluxerc; ' hatui-se infir- ' "of aWairs • they- are' engaged iri.
mitas, accu(atur. . ^^3^v^';,Now'ifmen iverelmt as^miscB^

eoricernedfor ihings' irhily gcody

aPthey ■' d^ fot- ' 'i»hai- \ir^ '^ither^

wife\ and can dvail ^t^k^ ndthingy

nay' are' really verf4aHg4rvuSyihey

would not.hefo much^-ptfernied hy

cbarice^-ns over-^ruleity and ar^

rive at' that gratide-urj ai iu^ead

'ofhiHng\ mortalj to ^f^ar lever

tn the rtecords offame,- '■'-

rent cafiisr*^ eo^ magnrtudinis procederent, ubi^pnxmortalibus

gloria^terni fierent. * .' - • :.' /.

'11'; Nahx utigpnus ho- IL Forasman is mdeApoftw})

'rninum x:6mpofitum ex paris^ hodyandfmlv fo-aiUurcm"

^rporp & .airima eftj ita ^efris aiCdpurfuits havea^iear uffi'

-res cundfagj ftudiaque om- nity with ihe niature ofthe one^ or

nia rioftra,* corporis TiYvsiy^the ethei^. Thus'heauty^ ri^heSy-

alia aAiti^se naturim fe- dnd-f^rength^^^witb other things

quuntur. Igitur praeclara ofihe Hke 'hiridy dre fdon gone\

.facies, magriae divitiae, ad , hut *the -noUe prodnSfions of the

hoc, yis corporis, & alia 'mind^ are like the mind itfef^ im^

omnia hi^ufcembdiibrevi morial. ' Finaifyy the goods ofthe

hody andf&rtune^ as they hav,e a

heginning^ fo have they likewife

an end ; and dll things that rife^

fety and fuch as groWy grow old

too. But the foul fuffers no decay^

is eiernal^ the guide ofman^ a£tf

and poffeffes all things ; hut is it^

auftaTenefcunt. Animus, felf out of the power of every

incorruptus, aetemus, rec- thing elfe. How wonderful is

theif' weaknefs then^ who give
therrfelves up to fenfual enjoy-r
meniSy and fpend fheir lives in
luxury and idlenefs ; hut fuffer
their ndnds^ the hefi and the
greateji thing in human naturey
to Ife failoWy withouf ciny 'culii"
vfltion or care at all of it ? efpe^
cially^ when there are fo many^
andfuch various^ ways of employ^

na-

dilabuntur. • At ingenii
.leg^egia facinora, ficiiti
anima, immQrtalia fimt.
Poftrfmo, corporis &
fortunae bonorufti, uti
initiutn, ficfiniseft, om-
niaque orta occidunt &

tor humani generis, agit
^tque habet cundla, ne-
ique ipfe hibetur. Quo
magis pravitas eorum ad-
miranda eft, qui, dediti
corporis gaudiis, per lux-
tim atque ignaviam aeta-
tem agunt ; caeterum, in-
genium, quo neque meli-
us, neque amplius aliud in

4k>

C. CRISPI-S-ALLUSTII

\

<^tam fiiorttiium efi^ ia* ing thf, rmd^\ wkereby. fl mm

cultu atqqt. focordia tor- may ren^er his,^ame.httmrtaL .

pefcere finunt} cum prisfatim tam multse variaequeiintaites

aiumi> .quibus fumma clariti[ld0.paratur.

III. Vcrum ex his ma- JII. But of thefe fe^veral %ua^\^

offices ciyil and mi,litqryy ir^Jhort^
all publifck. ,pkices fif itufi artd
pow^r whatev^r^ f^.^ ^ ^^^
time not at J^i^, defirahie , whe^
virtue has no rfgard paid it ; and
thfffe who'ky ha/e^arts oht^in thenfy
are not^ therefire ^orejecure ^r
boncurable at alL For to ^overn

.'^

cypur cvuntry or^qr^nts . tn^ tte way
of violence^ 'tho[ you . %ave , it in

.^iilnitus & iaiperla, po-
ftremo omnis^cum rerum

Eublicarum, minume mi-
i bac . tempeftate G\|pi-.
unda videntiii^ Quoniam
'neijue virtuti honos da-
*tur>j neque ijli,, quil^s
per frauclem^jus fuit, tuti,
aut toeodgiisrhoiielli iur^t.
Nam, vi quidem regere

«patriam aut parentes, jaur poyjen^^ .and rnay perhaps , reC^
quamquam & •poirisi,. &. p}fyfomeiJ)ijigsihatare qtjtifs in
itWoi corrigas; tanien , tk^n^ is.however yfryyexatious.i
^importuhum eft ; cum ^fpecially^ Jmce all t^volutions are
|]ras^im omt)^' TQt^^ /ure^p ie^/ahenM th^mcr^

Uiutotianes ^dem^ fu- ther and hamf&yuntL xf .grmt
gam, alia hoftilia portenv Wfnbersy^ and. other jrahmities ^
tiant. Fruftra autejn niti, TW^zr. 'Nbwfor nman to takea
tieqii^ aliud, fe fatigan- • yuorld ofpains tc no purpofe^ and

fo-get nowing by all his^ fatiguey
hut to be hated hy ^the worlA^ ts
meer madnefs^ and what none

do, nifi odium quaerere,
extremx dementiae eftj
nifi forte quem inhonefta
& pemiciofa lubido tenet,
ipotentiae paucorum decuis
atque libertatem fu^
'gratifican.

would be guilty offurey hut thofe

'afe . '

iV. Gaeterum ^x iis
lEiegotiis, quoe ingenio e>c-
«rcentur, in primis mag-
•no ufui eft memoria re*-

of a humour bafe and pernicious
enou^hj to facrifce their iongur
nndliberty both to the power rf xi
few.

IV. But ofall the ways of em-^
•pkying^a man^s partSy that ofwri^
ting hij^ory feems to be offingular
ufe* But this isfo heaten afubr
rumgeftarum. Cujusde jeSf^ that ijhallTay nothing of it -,
'virtiite quia multi dixere, andthe ristker^ lejl any onejhould
■pi^tereundum puto; fi- thihh I-magnified my own empky-r
-mul, ne per infolentiam wwrf, oui of vdnity onh. And
<iuis «xiihimet m«net as i^^^^^determined to decline aU
-ftudium meum laudando prefe^^^^ ^« the Jiatey I doubt
extoUere. Atqueegocre- there w/W be fome ready to give
-do fo»e, tjui, tjuia decrevi the ti^^ <f ialenefs to the ufful

prdcul

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

8i

procul a republica aeta-
tem agere, tanto tamque
utili labori meo -nomen
inertiae imponant; certe,
quibus maxuma induftria
videtur, falutare plebem
&> conviviis gratiam quas-
rere. Qui fi reputaverint,
& quibus ego temporibus
magiftratum adeptusfimj
& quales viri idem adfe-
qui nequiverint j & po-
ftea, quae genera homi-
num in fenatum pervene-
rint: profefto exiftuma-
bunt, me magis merito,
quam ignavia,, judicium
animi mei mutaviile ;
majufque commodum ex
otio meo, quam ex alio-
rum negotiis, reipublicae
v^nturum. Nam faepc
audivi, Q^ Maxumum,
P. Scipionem, praeterea
civitatis npftrse praeclaros
viros folitos ita dicere,
Cum nuiprum - imagines
intuerentur^ vehementif-
fume fibi pnimum ad vir-
tutem accendi, Scilicet,
non ceram illam^ neque
figuram, tantam vim in
fefe habere \ fed memoria
rerum geftar^m eam
flammam egregiis viris in
peftore crcfcere ; neque
prius fedari, quam virtus
e^rum famam atque glo-
riam adaequaverit. At
contra, quis eft omnium,
his moribus, quin.divitiis
& fumptibus, non t»:obi-
tate, neque induftria, cum
majoribus fuis contendatf

way of life I have cbofen ; fuch I
mean^ who think the greatejl in-^.
dujiry is fhewn in complementing
and treating the^ mob.^ Who tf
• they wQuld but confider^ in what
times I was preferred in the go-^
vernmentj and what covfiderable
men mifcarried in their endeavouri
to that purpofe^ and what fort of
men havefince got into the Senate^
they will certainly think^ that ^ aU
teredmy mindupon very good rea-
fon^ and not from a love of /&-
nefs i and that the puhlick witl r^-
ceive greater advantages from my
declining of bufinefs^ than from
others engaging therein, For I
have often heard^ that ^ Maxi*
mus^ Publius Scipioy and other
perfons of great figure in the go--
vernmenty ufed tofay^ that when
they look'd upon the images of*
tbeir anceftors, their minds were
fired to the laft degrt^e with an
emulation of their noble behavi-
our. Now to befure the wax^ or
it*s figurey had nofuch ejffjcacy in
it i but it was the refecfion up-
on their great a^ions^ which raif-^
ed that fiame in the breajls of
■thofe excellent men^ andgave them
no quiet^ .'till they arrived at the
fame height of reputation and glo^'
ry 'with their anceflors, But what
perfon have we^ as the times now
g^y thai is not much mdre con^
cerned to outjirip his forefathers
in riches and prodigalityy than
probity and indujhry. Nay^ gen^
tlemen of low ranky who before
ufed^ hy their good gualities to raife
thetnfelves above the nobleSj now
endeavour to get into places of
power and truji^' by under^hand
L Etiam

9z

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

venire, furtim & per ]a-
trodoia potius, qaAmbo^
nis ardbus, ad impesia ic
honom nituntur. Pro-
inde quafi ^^rxtacz & ccm-
fulatus, ^tque a!iaoauiia

Etiam homiiics novi, qni truiiy mi r^^vma^ more than

antea per viitutrai foliti' laudahle accnmpljjbmenu. Jb if

tmsA nobititatcm ante- the Pr/ri9^fiy'.py Cfinful/bif^ ' and

eiher the ake o^ces^ ^ere in
themfeJves gbrious and bomura-
hle^ and nst rendered Jjuh cnJy hj
the go'A hihcrjzmr cf thsfe tbat
enjoy them, But I have run fui
to7 freely and t^9 far ir^ffii ihh
hujufbemodi per fe ipfa fuhjeif^ out of pure indigTuiticn
cisura & ma^iifica fint, againfi the corrupiion ofihetivus.
ac non pcnmie haljcan- Nvw 1 rctum to my purptfe.
tur, ut eorum, qui ea fufiinent, virtus eft. Verum e^ Hbaius
altiuftiue proceffi, dum me civitatis morum piget taedetque.
Nunc ad incoeptum ledeo.

V. IVhich is to wrlie tbt bifio^
r/ cf the war tbe Roman people
had wlth Jugurihoy King of ihe
Numidiansy -firfi^ hecai^e it was
agreai and a terribU one^ fuU if
various turns of fortune ; and
m fiiit ; dein, quia tum fecondly toOj hecaufe tben was
primum fuperbiae nobili- the firfi fiand made againfi tbe

infolence of tbe nobiliij ; wbicb
dtf^utt confounded all things^ botb
atvine awt buman ; and was ear^
ried to that beight of madnefsy
thai noihing but a war^ and tbe
defolaiion af liafyj couU pul an
end io ii». Bui before Irnterup^
on thisfiehje^j I mufi run backa
liiile^ in order io fet ibe wbole in
aproper Kgbt. In thefeeond Pu--
nickwar^ wherein Hannibal^ ge^
neral of ihe Carthaginiansy gave
the greaiefi fhock ofall oihers io
ihe Roman grandeur^ bj a ierri-
ble devafiaiion (f licdy^ Mkjimjpty
King ofihe Numidians^ being rr-
ceivedinto the Roman aUiance^ hy
P. Scipio afierwardj fimamed A-

V. BeHum fcripturus
fum, quod populus Ro-
manus cum Jugurtha re-
ge Numidarum geflit ;
primum, quia ma^um
& atrox, variaque vi£bo-

tatis obviam itum eft ;

quae contentio divina &

humana cunda permif-*

cuit; eoque vecordia*

procellit, uti ftudiis civi-

libus beUumatquevaftitas

Italiae finem facerent. Sed.

prius, quam hujufcempdi

rei initium expedio, pau-

ca fupra repetam; quo,

ad cognofcendum, omnia

illuftria ma^s, magifque

in aperto fint. Belto Pu-

nico fecundo, quo dux

Carthaginienfium Han-

nibal, poft ma|nitudinem

nomihis Romani, Italias

opcs maxume attriverat,

Mafinifia rex Numida* fricanus^ tipon accourk cf his fut^

rum, in amicitiam recep- ting a haptrf conclufkn to that

tus a P. Scipionei cui

w^ had Sfiingu^dmnje^ by

poft;ea

BELLUM : JU.GURTHINUM.

83

poftea Africano cogno-
men ex virtute fuit, mul-
ta ic praeclara rei militaris
facinora fecerat. Oh q^se,
vi(ftis Carthaginienfibus,
& capto Syphace, cujus
in Africa maghum atque
late imperium valuit, po-
pulus Romanus quaf-
cumq^e urbis & agros
manu ceperat^ regi dpno
dedit. Igitur . amicitia
Maiinii& bona atque ho-
nefianobispermanfit. Sed
imperii vitseque ejus finis
idem fuit. Dein Miclpfa
filius regnum folus obti-
nuit, Manaftabaie $1
.Guluffa fratribus nM)rbo
abfumptis. Is Atberba-
lem & Hiempfalem ex
-fefe g^nuit ; Jugurtham-
que . filium Manafiabalis
fi:itris, quem Mafinifl%
.quod.ortus e:^ ccxicubina
exat, prjyatum reliquerat,
eodem cuhu, quo liberos
fuos, domi h^buit.

VI. Qui, ubiprimum
addevit, pollens viribus,
decora facie, fed muko,
maxume ingenio v^idus,
non fe luxu neque inertia^
corjrumpisndum dedit $
kdf ^uti mos' gentis iilius
eft^ equitafe, jaculari,
curfu cum asqmlibus cer-,
tare ; &, cum omnis glo-
j|;ia anteiret, omriibus ta-
men carus effe. Ad hoc,
pleraque tempora in ve-
nando agere ; le^nietn at-
que alias fer^s primus sfut
p primis ferires pluri»

many brave und galfant aSii(fns :
in conftdet^cftion ^ which, ajter:
the Garthcfgimans mere. tonqmred^
and Syphaic taietty . who was maf^'
ter ofa great and pmvkrful king-'
dom in Africa^ the Rjoman feopU
made a prefent of ail the cities'
and territory they had taken, i9
King Mafmiffn ; for which boun-

• ty he was ever tsfier ,a faft and

faithful qlly io us^ continuing in
the enjoyment .of his dmmnions *tiil
his death. J^ter which, theyfell
intp the hands ofbisfon Mitipfay
his tivo hrothers Majhinabal and

^ Guluffa bisving diedjorhe tirne be-^

fore, He had twb fins Atherbal
and Jliempfali but heveribelefs

, educated in. his oivn court^ and in
thefame manner as his ownfinsj
JugHrthatbe fin of his brother
Manajiabalj whom^ as heing he^

got of a. concubine^ Mafiniffa h&d
left in the condition of a private>

perfoh, [

VI. Thii youtki whm hi came
to man^s eftate^ i^eing confpicuous
forjirength of body^ handfirmhefi
of perfin^ ahd great paris^ did
not give bimfilf up J9 luxury and
idlenefs $ buty according to tbe
fajhion of bis country^ exercifid
himfelf m fidingy throwing tbi
lance^ and racing, In which exet'^
cifis^ tho\he ivas fhucb fuperior ta
ail bisfelkws^ yei - he was never^
thelefs exceedingfy and univerfdily
behved by them. Befides^ hejpent
moft ofhis iime in hunting. iift
wasfure to beihefirfi^ $r amongflt
theforemft^ i^jhe ehfofcnterint ^f
L 2 mu^

\ V

84 - C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

mum faccre, & minu- lionsy and other wild heafls \ and
XSi\ivci ipfe de fe loqui. tho*he did the moft^ yei he faid
Quibus rebus Micipfa, the leaji of himfelf, With ivhich
tametfi initio laetus fue- thingSj tho^ Micipfa was at firji
rat, exiftumans virtutem well pleafed^ as looking upon the
Jugurthae regno fuo glo- gallant behaviour of Jugurtha as
riae fore, tamen, poft- redounding to the honour of his
quam hJominem adplef- kingdom ; yet ' finding the young
centem, exa^fta aetate fua, man grow more and more in fame^
& parvis liberis, magis his days heing now near an end,
raagifque crefcere intelle- and his children hutfmall^ he was
^t, vehementer eo nego- very much affe^ed^ and full of
tio permotus, multa cum perplexity ahout him, The nature
animo fuo volvebat. Ter- ofman greedy ofpower^ and dif^
rebat eum natura morta- pofed at any rate to gratify that
lium, avida imperii, & pajfion^ alarmed him ; hut efpeci^
praeceps ad expkndam auy the opportunity which his own
animi cupidinem; prae- age^ and that tf his children, gave
terea, opportunitas fuee him ; a temptation that is apt, to
liberorumque aetatis, quae lead men^ otherwife not amhiti-
etiam mediocris viros fpe ous^ aftray. But what terrified
praedae franfvorfos agit ; him moji of alt^ wdSj the vdji
ad hoc, ftudia Numida- fondnefs the Numidians had for
rum in Jug^rtham accen- Jugurtha^ infomuch ihat hefear-
ra ; ex quibus, fi talem ed^ ifhemaae him away prwate-
viriim dolis iriterfeciflit, ly^ tt might occajion a general mu-
ne qua feditio aut bellum tiny^ ifnot a war.
orietur, anxius erat. «

VII. His diificultati- * VII. Perpkxedwith ihefe dif-
bus circumventus, ubi ficulties^ and finding it impra^i-
videt, neque per vim, ne- cahle to take him off^ either hy
que infidiis, opprimi poflfe open force^ or fecret contrivance^
hominem tam acceptum confidering how popular he wasj
popularibus ; quod erat he refolved' to try how favourahle
Juguftha manu promp- fortune might prove to him in a^
• tus, & appetens gloriae nother way^ that isy by expofmg
militaris, ftatuit eum ob- him to dangers. For he was ac-
jeaare periculis, & eo tive in fight^ and vajily fond of
i mcido fortunam tentare. military glory. Wherefore Mi-
Igitur bcUo Numantino cipfa heing Jj) fend fome troops of
Micipfe, cum populo* hoth horfe and foot^ to the afft-^
Romano equitum atque Jiance of the Roman people in the
peditum auxilia mitteret, war^ ogainji Numantia^ hoping
fperans vel pftcntando that his dejire of diJIinSliony or

' virtu-

BELLUM JUOURTHINUM. , 85

virtutem, vel hoftium thefury of the enemy might prove

fevitia facile eum occa- fatal to him^ he made him com-

furum, praefecit Numidis maniLer of the forces he fent into^

quos in Hifpaniam mit- Spain. Bttt that matter ended ^

tebat. Sed ea res lon- quiie otherwife than he expeSied.

ge aliter, ac ratus' crat, For Jugurtha^ as he was of an

evenit. Nam Jugurtha, a£iive enterprifmg genius^ upon

ut erat rmpigro atque a- ohferving tke nature of P. Scipio^

eri' ingenio, ubi naturam a^td ihe enemfs nvay of managtng^

P. bcipionisy qui tum did^ 'hy the utmo/i pains and dHi"

Romanis imperatbr erat, gence in aSiicn^ as alfo hy a mofl

/c morem hoftium cog- fubmiffive chedience to xiil orders^

ilovit, multolabore, inul- dnd frequcntly expofing his perfon

taque cura, praeterea mo- to dangers^ in a little time become

deftifliime parendo, & fae- fo very famous^ 'that he was ex-

pe bbviam eundo pericu- ccedingly heloved hy ourmen^ and

lis, in tantam claritudi- was^Dery terrible to the Numan-

nem brevi perveneratj uti ^ iinss. And what is very difficult

rioftris vehementer carus, indeed^ he was hrave in aSfiony

Numantinis maxumo and wife in counciL One ofwhicb

terrori effet. Ac fahe, qualitiesy from aforefight ofdan-

quod difRcillumum in ger^ h apt to caufefeary and ihe

primis eft, & pradio ftre- other rdflmefs; Jccordingly the

nuus erat, &'bonus con- general executcd"all defperate pro^

fifio. C^oriim alterum jeBs hy the means of Jugurtha^

ex providentia timorem, releived him intoihe number of

alterum ex audacia teme-^' his friends^ and ^rew every day

ritatem adferre plerum- more fond of htm^ as a man whofe

que foiet. Igitur impera- advice and undertakings neverfai-^

tor omnis fere res afperas led offuccefs ; to which were ad-

per Jugurtham agere, in ded a great generofity ofmind^ and

amicis habere, magis ma- "huge dexterity of parts \ by which

gifque cum indies am- . qualities he procured himfelf an

plefti ; qijippe ciijus ne- • intimate friendjhip ivith many of

que confiiium, neque irv- the Romans.
ceeptUm uUum • fruftra erat. Huc accedebat munificentia

animi & ingenii follertra. Quibus rebus ftbi multos ex Ro-
manis famiuari amicitia conjunxerat.

VIII. Ea t^mpeftate- Vlil. There were at that time

in exercitu * noftro fuere in'our army^ a great many^ botb

complures novi atque ofhigh and lovj rank^ who tre^

nobiles, , quibus- divitise ferred riches h^fore virtue andho^

bono honeftoque potiores nour^ mighty party^men^ and of

prant, fadKofi, domi po- great intercfi in their feveral coun^

tentes.

S6 C. CRISPI.SALLUSTII

focios
tcntcs, apud . clai:i iriesi befter known than efieem^

magis qiiam hotncfti \ qui ed amongft our alliei^ who in^

Jugurthae non ihcdio- Jfymed^ the ambitious foul of Ju^

crem animuni poUicitan- gurtha by offers of their fervicey

do accendebant, Ji Mi- telUng hiniy That whcn Micipfa

cipfa rex occidiffety fore

utifolus imperio Numidia

fotiretur. In ipfo maxu-

mam virtutemy Roma

omnia venalia effe. Sed

poilquam, Numantia de-

Icta^ jP. Scipio dimittere

•auxilia, ix, ipfe rcvorti do-

mum decrevit, donatum

atque laudatum magniii*

ccrpro concione Jugur-

tham in prxtorium ad-

duxit ; ibique fecreto mo-

huity uti potius pubJicey

quam privatimy amiciti-

am popuU ^Rofnani cole^

rit\ neu quibus largiri

infuefceret. Periculofe a

faucisr- einij ^uod multO"

rum effet, Si permanere

-kfellei in fuis ' artibusy ul^

tro illi ^ gloriam ^ reg-

num venturum. Sin pro^

perantius pergeret^ ipfum

pecimia pracipitem_ cafu"

rum.

IX. Sic locutus, cum
littens cum, quas Micip-
fas redderet, dimifit ; ca-
rum fententia hsec erat.
Jugurtha tui bello Nu^
mantino longe maxuma
virtus fuit. ^am rem
tibi certofcio gaudio effe.
Nobis ob meritafua carus
eft. Ut idem S. P. ^
K. fity funma ope nite-
mur. Tibi quidem pro

dropp'd, he might eafily fecure
thc kingdom of Numidia to him-
felf alone. He was a pcrfon of
grcat abilities, and al] things werc
to be fpld at Rome. But when^
upon the Redu^ion of Numantia^
Scipio hgd determined to difmifs
the auxiliary troops^ and return
home hinjfey'^ he didy in the face
ofthe army^prefent Jugurthay and
applaud him in tertns rf the high--
eft approbationi but afierwards
taiing hiffiinto his tenty he fecret^
ly advfedx hiniy to cultivatc a
friendmip with thc Roman pc<^e,
by paying tus courtto the gofvern-
ment, raU^er than privatc perfons,
and to avoid bribery ; fincc it
would bc h^zardq^s to purchafe
that of a fcw, whlch bclonged to
many. If hc would but continue.
fteady in tbe exercife of his own
good qualitics, glory 2^ a kii^-
dom too.would drop in to him o£
themfelvcs ', but if he was too ha-
fly, his moncy would be the ruin
01 him. . ,

IX. ,y0er this advice^ he dif-.
mtjffed him ^ith § ktter for . Mi^
eipfoy to the foUowing ^purpofe.
Your Jvgurtha has heliavcd in-
comparably wcli in tbie Avar. pi
Numan^ia^ whkh, 1 am fiire^
muft be matt^ of no foKdl joy
to you. We havc, and very de-
fervcdlyy the highcft refpea for
hin(i ; and will.cndeavour to pro-
cure him the famc from the Se-
nate and peoplc.of Rome. In re-

noftra

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

87

mfira amicitia gratubr.
Mn ^hakes virum dignum
te atque avofuo Majinif-
fa^ Igitur rex, ubi ea,
quae fama acceperat, ex
litteris itiiperatoris ita efie
cognovit, cum virtutc,
tum gratia viri permotus,
ilexit animum fuutn;
& Jugurtham beneficiis
vincere aggreflus eft, Sta-
timqueeum adoptavit, &
teftainento pariter cum
liliis h^redem inftituit.
Sed ipfe, paucos pk>ft an-
nos, morbo atque aetate
confefhis, cum fibi finem
vitae adefle intelligeret,
coram amicis & cognatis,
itemqiie Atherbale & Hi-
empfale filiis, diqitur hu-
jufcemodi verba cum Ju-
gurtha habuiffe.

X. Parvum- ego te^
Jugurtha^ amiffo patre^
Jine fpCy Jine opibus^ in
meum regnum accepiy
ixijiumans non minus me
tibij quam Ji genuijfem^
ob benejicia carum fore.
Ntque ea res falfum yne-
hahuit^ Nanty ut aUa
magna & egregia tua o^
mittam^ novijfume redi^
ens Numantia^ meque
regnumque meum gloria
honoravi/iiy tuaque vir^
tute nobis Romams ex a^
micis amiciffimos feciJH,
In Hijpama nomen fit^
milia renovatume/I. ?^
Jiremoj^ quod dijfffciUu^
mum hrter morttrles eji

Fird to the friendfhip betwixt us,
congratulate you upon this oc-
cafion. Herewith I retum you a
man, worthy of you, and his
grand&ther Mafinifla. The King
finding what common fame had
before informed him of cbr^rm^
ed by this letter of the general^
moved as well by th'e fine accom-
plijhments of the man^ as his inte^
reji with the Romans^ refolved to '
be eafy with him^ and endeavour '
to conquer him by kindnefs^ Ac^
cordingly he immetUately adopied
hirn^ /ind hy a will made him
joint-heir with his fons, In afew
years after-^ being worn out witb
infirmtties and old age together
and finding hinfelf a dying man^
he is faidf in the prefence of his
frierms and reiations^ his twofons
Atherbal and Hiempfal too being
by^ to have addreffed himfelfto yu^
gurtha^ in the words following.

X. I did, my dear Jugurtha,
rcceive you into my court, left a
lirtie one by your father, without
hopes or fortune, promifing my-
felr, thatyou wouldbemindfuiof
the fevour, and love mc no le&
than my own children, if I fhoulrf
have any; nor was I deceivcd ih '
that naatter. Fof to fay nothing '
of other greatand noble aSionsc^
yours, at your rcturn from Nu-
maiitia, you did me and my king*
domthe utmofthonour, by-yoxir,-
exccHent behaviour improved to
the highefl: pitch the fHendfhip
thatbefore fubfifted betwixtthe
Romans and us ; and revived a- '
frcfh the name of our femily in •
Spain ; and finaUy, what is tiie -
moft difficult thing in the world,

gkria

8g

Cv CRISPI SAI^LUSTII

gkria invidiam vicijli^
Nuncy quoniam mihi na-
tura finem vitts facit^ per
hanc dextram^ per regni
fidem^ maneo obteJiorqUe^
uti hoSy qui tibi genere
propinquiy beneficio meo
fratres funty caros habe^
' as ; neu malis alienos
^djungej^ey quam fanguine
cnnjunMos retinere. Non
exercituSy neque thefauriy
praftdia regfii funty ve^
Tum amici'y quos neque
armis cogercy neque auro
farare queas^ Officio i^
fide pariuntur, ^^uis au-
tem amiciory quam frd-
ier fratri? Aut quem
alienum fidumy invenieSy
fi tuis hojlis fueris? E-
quidem ego regnum vobis
trada firmumy fi boni eri-
tis ; fi maliy imbeci/Iu?n.
Ndm concordia res par^
va crefcunty difcordia
maxuma dilabuntur.

Caterumy ante hcSy fe^
Jugurthay qui atate ^
Japientia prior esy ne ali-
ter quid eveniaty provi-
iere decet. Nam in omni
certaminey qui opulentior
efiy etiamfi accipit injuri^
amy tameny quia , plus
f9tejiy facere videtur.
Fos ^autem Atherhal £ff
Hiefnpfaly colitey obfer"
vate talem hunc virum\
imitamini virtutem^ &
enitiminiy ne ego meli-
eres liberos fumpfiffe vi^
dear^ fuam genutffe.

you overcara^ envy itfelf by your
glory. Now, fince aature isjufi
putting an end to my life, I be-
feegh you by this right hand, by
the honour of a Kingtop, I en-
treat and beg of you, to love my
children, your relations, and bro-
thers. by adoption ; and that you
would not transfer your affecldon
to ftrangers, rather tlian keep it
fix'd upon thofe who are united
to you by blood. Armies and
treafures are not the fecurity of
kingdoms, fo mucb as friends,
whora you can neither force to be
fuch by arms, nor purchafe wnth
gold. Theyare only procured by
good ofHces and fidelity. Who
?hould be more a frjend, than-one
brother to another? Or what
ftranger will you find faithful to
you, if you are an enemy to your
own relations? I deliver up to
you a kingdom, ftrong indeed, if
ydu aregood toohe another, but
weak, if you are wicked. For
fmall ftates grow great by unani-
mity, whilil great ones come to
nothing by difcord. But it be-
hoves you, Jugurtha, more than
they, you who are bbth older and
wifer than they, to take care and
guard againft any mifcondudl in
this afFair. For in all contefts, the
more opulent party, tho' he real-
ly receive wrongi yet becaufe he i»
the more powerful, is thought to
do wrong. But do you, AAerbal
and Hiempfal, relpeil and reve-
rence this worthj man, imitate his
noblerbehaviour, and do your ut-
moft, that the world niay not
think, I have adopted a fon prefer- .
able to thofe naturc beftowed up-
on me, XI.

te^LLUM JUGURTHINUM* 89

kl. Aa ea JugUrtha, XI. To ihh Ju^urtha inade li

femetfi regem fi6la iocu- <oery compldifant refly^ fuitahh tv

lum intdligebat, et ipfe the occajion^ tho* he was fenjihk

Jonge aiiter animo agita- the King was far from hetngfm'-

bat, tamen pro tempore cerein what he faid^ dnd he him-

benigne refpondit. Mi- felf tuas as far from defgning

tlpfa paucis poft diebus; what te dmtared fir^ Micipfi

Imoritur. Pdftquam' illi dted a few days afte^r. Jsfooh as

knore Jregio jiifta magni-* the funeral joie?n)tit)\ which wtis

fice fecmnt, reguli itl very magnificent^ wds over^ thi

unum cotivenere, ut in- three princes met together^ in or^

ter fe de negotiis cuhftis der to confer about the fettlement

difceptarent. SedHiemp- of tbeir affhirs. ' Bul Hiempfiij

fail, qui ihitlumlis ex illi^ the youngefl of them^ heing natu--

mt, natura ferox, etiaiii rdlly higtj-fpirited^ who had hefori

antea ignobilitatem Ju- flighted jugurthafor the meannets

■gtirthae, quid m^terno ofhis hirth hy ihe ntother*s fide^

genere impar erat, def- placed hhnftlf on the right hand

1)iciens, dextra Athcrba- of Atherhal^ to prevent Jugur*

em adfedit; ne riiedius thd^sfedting himfelf in themiddli

tx tribus, cjuod apud hetwtxt him ahd his hrothery which

NumidaS honori dttditiif, dmongH the Numidiuns is reckonei

Jugurtha forfet. Dein th^ mofi honourahle fiation. And

tamen, ut abtati conccd^- it was loith much ado he was pre-

fet, f&tlgatii^ a fratre, vix vailed upon hy tht impurtuffify fff

in parteiti altef ani trahf- his brother^ io pay a dkference t»

du6his eft. Ibi cuni mul- the age of Jugurtha^ iji fiating

ta de admihiflrando im- himfdf on the ather fide. Afier

perio' diflerereht, Jugur- d great deal of difiourfe tipon d

tha inter alias res jacit, method of proceeding in the admi^

OpSrtBre quinquennii niflratioJi of their kingdbm^ fu^

confidta ^ dicreta omnia guriha^ amongft othtt things^ pro^

rejcindi\ nafh per , ea /f&/}j a repfcal of all the rcfofetr-

tempora confeHum annis ons and ap^ointments of the five

Micij^dm partm antrdo yearsfor6goirtg,«bec2tufe Micrp-

valutj}. TXxai idtrh Hi- fa was af that time but in a ddat-

empiy plactri J^ht rt^ ing condhioh. Niempfalfaidyh^

fpDndit j * natti ipfum illutn was 6f the ftmc mihd j for his' a-

tribus his prpxumis anrtis doption hhd happened withfn tfirf

adoptatiohe in regnum time, ta wjf, aliout three yeirs

perveniffe. Qtiod ver- b^fbre. Whichfctythgfunkaieper

Dunt in pe(5ius Jugurtha^' inio the' mind of Jugurtha\ iban

flltiuSy^ quaih quifquam' any ohe imaginedv Therefofe frotn

btiis mXy defcendih thdidayfarwdrd^ helhg ptrpltxei

. M ^ Itaque

90

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

Itaque, cx eo tempore
ira & metu anxius, mo-
liri, parare, atque ea mo-
do in animo habere, qui-
bus Hiempfal per dolum
caperetur. Quae ubi tar-
dius procedunt, neque le-
nitur animus feroxj fta-
tuit quovis modo incoep-
tum perficere. '

XII. Primo co^ventu,,
quem ab regulis fatShim
fupra memoravi, propter
diflenfionem placuerat di-
vidi thefauros, finifque
imperii fingulis conftitui.
Itaque tempus ad utram-
que rem decemitur, fed
maturius ad pecuniam
diftribuendam. Reguli
interea in loca propinqua
thefauris, alius alio con-
ceflere.' Sed Hiempfal in
oppido Thirmida forte
ejus domo u^batur, jqui
proxumus li£ior Jugur-
thae, carus acceptufque
ei femper fuerat. Queni
iUe cafu njiniftrum obla-
tum promiflis onerat im-
pellitque, uti tamquam
iiiam domum vifens eat,
portarum claves adulteri-
nas paret; nam verae ad
Hiempfalem refereban-
tm*. Caeterum, ubi res
poftularet, fe ipfum cum
magna venturum manu.
Numida mandata brevi
conficit; atque, uti doc-
tus erat, nodu Jugurthae
milites introducit. Qui,
j>oftquam in aedes irrupe-

bctwixt anger and fear^ hi^ nfe^f
hb utmojl endeavours^ all the art
and contrivance in his power^i P^i'
vately to make away with Hientp^
faL But finding he could not^ in
that way of proceeding^ gain his
purpofe fojoon as he deftred^ and
his enraged foul heing not to be pa^
cified^ he refolves at any rate to
execute bis defign of murdering
him.

XII. In-thefirflmeetingwhichy
we have ahonje faid^ the princes
hady they could not agree ; and
therefhre refolved to divide tbe
treafure . and the kingdom too ; and
a time was accordingly fixed for
hothy hutfirjlfor the partition of
themoney. In ihenuantime^ the
princes had withdrawn feparately
into lodgings not far from theplace
where the money lay\ particular'-
ly Hiempfal into the town ofThir'^
midoy to the houfe of one that had
been prime ferjeant to Jugurthaj
and ever htghly in hisfavour and
confidence, Nowfortune prefenting
him withfofine an opportunity^ he
loads thefellow witb promifesy^ and
prevails with him io go underpre-
tence of vijiting his houfe^ and
provide falfe keys of the doors \ for
the true oneswere always at night
carried up . to Hiefnpfalin his bed^
chamber j and when all was rea--
dyy he toldhimy he would he fure
to (ome with a conftderable force .
The Numidian quickly executed his
orders^ and as inflru£fedy let in
fugurtha^ s foldiers .by night. Af--
ter they were got in^ they runfome
one way and forne another^ in,
quejl of the King. Some they kil--
led afieep^ and others Jianding

re.

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

9«

•TC, diverfi regem quaere-
rc; dormientis alios, alios
occuif^ntis interficere?
fcrutari loca abdita; clau*
fa efiTingeie; ftrepitu &
tumuku omnia mifcerc.
Cum interim Hiempfal
reperitur, occultans fe
tugiirio mulieris ancillae,
quo initib pavidu.s & ig-
narus loci profugerat.
Numidae caput ejus, uti
jufRerant, ad Juguitham
rcferunt. -

XIIL Cseterum fama
tanti facinoris peromnem
Afiicam brevi divulga-
tur. Atherbalem, om-
nilque^ qui fub Micipfae
imperio fuerant, metu«
invadit. In -duas partis
difcedunt Numidae ; plu-
res Atherbatem fequun-
tur, fed illum alterum
bello melioFCs. Igitur Ju-
gurtha, quam maxumas
poteft, copias ,armat.
Urbis partim vi, alias vo-
luntate imperio fao ad-
jungit. Omni Numidige
imperare parat. Ather-
bal, tametfi Romam le-
gatos miferat, qui fena-
tum docerent de caede
fratris & fortunis fuis,
tamen fretus^ muititudine
militum, \p9rabat armis
corttendert. Sed, ubi res
^d certamen vcnit, vidhis
ex praeiio profugit in pro-
vinciam, -ac dehinc Ro-
malm contendit. Tumju-
gurtha, paitrfttis confiliis,
poftquatn* omni Numidia

upon' iheir defence\ fearched all
the private places about the houfe^
and broke open fuch as were lock*-
edy andfilled every partwith noife
and cofrfufion. Whilft in the mean
time^ fliempfal was found hiding
himfelf in the poor lodging ofa
maid-fervant \ whither^ upan the
firfi alarm^ he ran in a frighty
being not as yet very well acquaint-
€dwith the houfe. The Numidi-
ans^ according to their orders^ car^
ry his heccd to yugurtha^

XII r. The fame of this villai^
ny wasfoonfpread all Africa over^
andjiruck a mighty terror into A--
therbal^ and all that hadbeen fub--
je£fs ofMicipfa. The Numidians
were divided upon it into two par-'
ties'y the majority fided with At
therbal, • but the mofi warlike with
yugurtha% who raifing asgreat
an army as he could^ reduces five-
ralcities^ fome byforce^ and others
hy perfwafion^ under his fubje^i^
on j and, infl^ort^ aims at noihing
lefs than being mafier of all Nu^
midid. Atherba/y tko* he hadSf^
patched ambaffadors to Rome^ to
inform the Senate of the murder
of his brother^ and his own londi^
tion-y yet depending upon the num--
ber of his troops^ rejohed to give
his enemy battU. 6ui being de-
feated therein^ m made his efcape
, into the Roman province^ andfrdm
thence went to Rome, Jugurtha^
afier he had thus finifi^ea his work^
and was now become majler ofall
Nurnidia^ conftdering the matter
coolly hy himfelf^ dreaded the Ro-
man people^ and could find no fe-
4urity^ againji their refentment^
M 2 potic»

9»

e. CRI8PI SA3L.LP§TU

pp.tlebatur, in qtip faci- fwj in^thc avark^ ofihmbHitji^
nUjS fivui;n cum animo re- qnd his monj^. ff^^frefore 1,9 a
putans, timf re popiJLluni j^ d^^s iime,^ b^ difpatcl^jf ^Ui^j^
Komanum, oeque ad- a?ribg£iidors ta jR^nie with gr^aft
vprfus iran[i gusufquam, fiore ofjifyer andgold^ andardfrs
ni(i in ayaritia iiobiUtati^ them i^i the frji pUue to glut all
i^.p^unia fua, fpem ha- l^ls old friendi with prejjsnl^^ qn.i
bere. . Itaque, paucis di- then to prQcur.e kim «4W one,i y in^
elpus, cu?n ajurp argentp- Jhor^ tojlick gj^ nojthin^^ iut brib^,
que rnultp kgatos Ro- all before the/j^. M foon gs the
m^rp^ n)ittit ; queis prae- gentlerjfien cgme to Rome^^ a^ndy gc-i
cipjt, uti primuoQ yetercs cordi^g tp the King^s inJlru^iQnSy^
amicos munoribus exple- \liflribute4, lg;rge prefentSy ^o tjj^
ant ; dein npvos acqui- perfom by whom they wer^ enter'^

tathedj c^d^ athers^ Ugjiing . men
gj^ ti^gt t^Djie in the Senat^y fufik
a woniierfuL chg/tgje, erfued ufiqp^
ity that yug^rthg^ injlcg^ of hf^
i^g ^^V ^ terrihie odijuin^ wg^
mgktjh jn. tke good grofes^of gil
tfje, nokility:y fome, of wkich tewpt^^
e4 by hopa^ and oikirs. by affuaj
brii^es^ madp a ^rj^ng inUreJi ifl.
the houfsy tq prev^np, any jruefA
refolution agai^^ hin\* Where.r,
invidia in gratiam & fa^ firh ^^ fp^^ ^^ ^he, ambaJfgdorK
vorem. nobjlii^ti^ Jugur.- th^iighf tkey bad nuide. aU fgfe^
tha vci^iret; quorum they and Atherbal kad afi audiencl
p^rs ipe, ~ %lii pra^oupL given. thezh.by tke. Senate^ Upor\
ir^ufti fingulo§ ex fena- which occafiojn jifb^rbah ifs faid^
tu ambiundp, pittjbantur, fpoke to the f6lio%^ing,efff^.
nq grayh^s \\ e^uip ijojiliiiej-^tur, Igitur, ubi l^ati fatis coQr
fi4ur>tj die conftitxitp! fen^tus utqfque dat,ur, Atb^rbalein
hoc mo^o Ipcutum a.cciapiujus.

XIV.. >. C. 'Mcip/a. XIV. V^ner^We.FajtheTs,Mi.
pgter meus moriens mihi. cipla my father. at liis i^axhj gavQ
pracepity uti regni Nu- ipe a cjia^., to lopk upon thead-

njiniftratjpn of thi^. kingdom of
N^inidia gnly as minp, buttha
right, and fovereignty. ta be ir>
youi andat th^.fame tieaptobd
as ferviceable tptbeRoman.pcoplq
as pofibk, both ir> pefto^ and ia
war 5 andjfigard y ou a% my rida-

mih^

rajxt; pp^emo, quem-
cunque ppffint largiundq
parzfre, ije cupflentur.
Sed .1^1 Eomam kgati
v^ne];^,, &f e^ praeceptp
rcgis, Up4)itibus, aliifqu?;,
quprucQ ^a tempeftate i^
fenatu ^u£^ita& polkr-
bat, magria muhera mi-
fei:e; <iai>t;a cbmmut^tio
inceflit, ut ex ma^^ut^a

mldia tantumjn^do prg^
curationem.^ ' exl/iumgfen^,
meapiy catermM.^imr
perium peiiiS 9^^ ^Jf^\.fi-
mul e^itfrfr dQm^ Tjiititir
aque qugtn,^ r^xUi7nq ufui,
ejje popuh RonigfiO', %(os^.

BELL.UM JHGURTIffJNUM,

93

cum adfmum iucer/mvfi
eftfcciffiimii in vejlra omT
citifl fxdrcifum^ divi^iaf^
mmiffi^titif regni m fe-
kiturum, ^0 prf^epta
patris mei cuin agitarem^
yugi4rthay hmo Qmnium^
quoi texra fu/iiue^ fi^h-
r,atiJfumuSy conWi^ttf im^
periq vejro^ . Mqfimjk
W nepoim^ etiam ab
Jiirpe fo^ium, at^u^ ami'-
cim populi Rmaniy reg^
no. fortumfytie ommbus
expulit. At(^ fgo^ ?• C.
quoniam ea miferianm
^enturus eram^ vttim^
pSitius ob ma^i quam oh
m^o^nm mfiorum, kemfi^
cia^ pojfe md 0. voins aux-
iliMm peter^ ac vf^fium^
ikheri mihi. itn^aia. a^
popull JSfimajn^y quHm.non
egcTienif ficmium ce^ fi
dijiiexanda eranty . uti
^ekitis ut^ren Sed ^uo-r
Him parum ^ufa. per fe
ipfa. pfobitas. ej}, ; nfii^ue
mihi in^ m^nu, fuity ^-
gfirtha Qmlis jortt j ad.
VQS confugi^ Pf C. quir-
h^^y. qwd mihi miferru^
mum eji^ cog(ir prius ane-
riy quflm ufiti^ ejij, CW-
teri regesy aut. belh- vi^i
in amiciiiam a. vobis r^r-
cepti. funt:^ aut in fuis
dubiis rebuS' fociejtatem
Vf/iram^ appeiiveruntf

X'V. Pamilia. nofira.
cum populo Mfimano belto
Parthaginienfi amicitir.
m infiituit^ qua. tmpsre.

tjoos. and kj»fm.en 5 tejlingnaej.tf
l did fo, l (bould b^ fure to 4nd
fQfces, ri<^besy and a ibcurity tQ
my kipgdooi, in your friendihjp.
Attd whilft I was propofing to put
thpfe x)rd/ers of iny fath^r in exe^
ci*tio», Jv^ttbai^ tbe wickcd^
wretch aUv^ in cpo^empt of your
high aut-hprity^ ftripp'd me thQ
grandfop. of M^fini&, and bom
an ally and friend of the Roman
Iteode, of my kingdoQ), andever
ryuingdfem tJ&worl4. And
fiiioe i W9$» mxA illiiftrious £a^
thfir^ to be reduccd to fo mifera^
hl^ a conditioQ,. I cQuld wii[h I
might Have had tbe advantage^
bowever, tp irnplorf^ your affi^
fiance for xM pwn p^rfona] ferYi-
ces, rather tnan.thofe of my for^
fathers ; . but ahove all, that I
Q^ght have a del^ of kind/iefa
dufe to rm from tfae Rpmah peo-
pliQ, that. J might neter have oc-
cafion iot.'i. or if I bad, might
on)ymakeu(e of fuck as were
dufi to me. But bti^aufe int^ity
alood.is na fu0icient fecurity, nor
wa$ itin-mypower to dima the
condu6t of Jugurtha, I, have flM
tp ]roii, wonky Fatftm, fqr jup^
t^ioa ; . to wbom, tds my im-
fpeakable (brrow, I am obl^ed to
be burdeni:)mey before I could be
of any fervice. Otber Kings Jiave
bQen.6ither firft conques]ed in war,
and^then gracioufly received into
your alliance, or elfe have in -dif-*
trefs foUicited for the fame.

XV. Qur fiamily firft contracSl-
ed an aliiance with the Roman
people^ in a war of theirs againft
the Carthaginians, at a time when

magis

^

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

magis fides ejus^ quam
Jbrtunay pendenda erat,.
^uorum prvg€niem voSj
iP. C nolite pati me ne^
fotem Mafinijfa frujira
a vobis auxilium petere,
Sl ad impetrandum nihil
caujps hab^rem^ prater
miferandam fortunam \
quod paulo ante rex ge^
nere^ fama^ atqUe copiis
potens^ nunc deformatus
icrumnisy imps^ t aUinas
cpes exp4£io\ taiken^ erat
jnajeflaiis • populi Somani
.prohihei^ei^itpUriam^' neqUe
pati * ^i^iitfqUatn i regnurA
per^jahis{ crefcer^e.^ Ve-^^
rifmr^egty^yiis finihus- ejic^
tus fut^^ ^quos ihajcribus
rneis phpulus* Romiinus de-
St^^-unde pater ^ avus-
meus una vobifcum •eKpu*^
lere Syphacem £sf Gzr-'
thaginienfes^' ' Veflra be^
neficia mihi. erepta funt^
P, C, ^os in mea injuria^-
defpeSfi ejlis^ ■ Eheu m^
mtferum ! huccine, Mi^ "-
cipfa pater^ beneficia tua

, evafetie^ uti quem tt^
parem cum liberis tuie^
regnique participem fe-
ci/fi^ is pot^mum Jiir-
pis iua exiinSior fd. f
Sfumquamne ergo familia .
noftra quieta eritf Semr

perne in' fanguine^ ferro^

fuga verfabijmir t Dum
Carthaginienfes incolu-
mes fuer£, jure omnia

fava patiebamur, Hofiis .
ab latere y hos amici pro^
i^ul; fpeS' efmis in armis^

-their honour was more to be rt^
garded, than ^heir fortune. Suf-
fer me. not, mighty Fathers, a
defcendaiit of that family, the
grandfon of Mafihif&, to implore
your afliftance in vain. If I had
, tto other preteniions for procuring
the fame,, beiides the mifery of
my circumftances, that I, who
was but ktely a prihce confiderable
for my extra(9ion, fame, and for-
'Ce^, am now reduced to the loweft
ftate of mife-y^ poverty,, and de-r
peadence 5 yet would it highly be-
camethe majefty of the Roman
-peojple tovouchfafe me their pro-
te&ion, and notfafferany princc
to grdw great ^by ^he praQice of
villamv. But I have been forced,
' out of a country, which the Rp*.
man people beftowcd * upon my
anceftors; fromwhence myfather
and grandfather,' in conjundion
with you, drove Syphax and tbe
earthaginiaus. vlhe fevours you
cocfferred upon mjr^family have
been taken fromine, noble fathers ;
lyou have been^defpitefuUy treated
in the injuftice done to me. Alafs,
wbetch that I/ am ^ Is all your
kindnefs, my dear father Micipfa,
come to -this, that the man you
had made equal to your own fons,
and joynt-heir of your kingdom
with them, ihouU, above all o-
.thei«, be the rnin of your ifihe ?
Muft our famiJy then never be at
reft ? Muft we be ever in blood,
war, or banifliment ? Whilft
the Carthaginians flburilhed, we
jMight well fuffer every thing that
was difmal. Our enemies wert
our next neighbours, and you our
iri^nds far off. All oyr hope^ were

erat^

BELLUM JUGUfttHINUM.

95

erat. Pojiquam illa pejlh
ex Africa ejeSfa eji^ lati
pacem dgitabamus ; quip;-
pcy queis hojiis nullus erat^
niji forte quem vos juffif
fetis, Ecce autem ex
improvifo Jugurtha^ in-
toleranda audacia^ fcelere
atque fuperhia fefe effe'-
fens^ frdtre meo atque
eodem propinquo fuo in^
terfeSio^ primum regnum
ejus fceleris fui pradam
fecit\ pofl^ ubi me iifdem

. dolis nequit capere^ nihil
minusy quam vim aui hel^
lumy expeSantem^ in im-
perio vejiroy Jicuti videtisy
exiorrem patria^ domo ;
inopem^ coopertum miferi--
is^ effecitj ut ubivis tutiu^j
quam in meo regno^ effem*
XVL Ego ftc exijin-^
mahafn^ Patres Confcrip"
tiy uti pradicantem au*
diveram patrem meum ;
qui vejiram amicitiam
diligentej^ colerent^ eos
multum lahorem fufcipe^
re^ caterum ex omnibus
maxume tutos effe', ^od
in familia nojira Juity
prajiitit\ uti in o?nnibus
bellis adeffet vobis'y nos
uti per otium tuti JimuSy
in manu vejira eji^ Pa"
tres Confcripti, Pater
nos duos fratr.es reliquit ; .
te7'tiam Jugurtham be^
neficiis fuis ratus eji no-
his conjun£ium fore, AL
ter eorum necatus ; alte^
rius ipfe ego ?nanus impi^

^ vix effugi^ . ^id a

in our arms. But when Africa

was delivered from that peftilent

peopie, we» enjoy'd ali the delight^

of peace, as having no enemy, un-

lefs fuch as you had appointed us^

WJien bchold, uuexpedtedly, Ju-

gurtha ereding his plumes witb

intolerableimpudence^ wickednefs^

and pride ; and murdering my

brother, his riear relation, made

his kingdom the firft prize of his

villainy ; and then not finding it

praAicable to take me ofFby the

little wicked contrivance, whilft I

expeSed nothing at allof violence

, or war, has, in the face of your

mighty power, driven me, as you

fee, fi-om mycountry, from my

home, in want of every thing^

and under the heavieft load of mi-

fery, and yet more fecure any

where, thanin my ownkingdom*

XV L' I really thought, Ove-

nerable FathcTS, as I had heard my

fathe^" often fay, that fuch as took

care to cultivate a friendfliip with

you, muft do it at the expence

of much labour and pains, but

were of all mankind the moft fe-

cure, All that was in the power

of our family to do, it did, that

is, it afEfted you in« all your

wars ; it is in vour power to makc

us a return of peace and fecurity,

mighty Fathers. My - father left

behind him us two brothers, and

thought he fliould njake Jiigurtha

a third brothcr to us, by the fa^

vours he heaped upon hira. On^

of the three is already murdered,

and I had much ado to efcapethe

wicked hands ofthe other. What

ftiall I do ? Or whither ftiall I,

unhappyman, appj^myfelf? AU

gam ?

$6

Ci GlkliPi SALLUStll

gant^ JM qno potiffit-^
ntufh ' wfelix actedam ?
Generis pretfidiA oninia
ti^tindta jUitt \ pater^ ttti
neteffe erdij nntnrtiB con-
tefftt\ Jratn^ querH Mi^-
nume decuity prc^iH^uus
per fcelus vitaM tripuity
ttdfinis^ afnicos^ propin^
fuos cateros tneos^ alium
atia ciades oppreff^\
t^pti ah yugurtSay pars
in crucetji aSii^ pars be-^
Jiiis ol^eSfi fuHt ; paUci^
,quibus reli6fd ejl aniffm^
tlauft in tenebris cum
marore iff luStUy tmrte
fraviorefti vitdm exi^
gunt. Si ofnntay quts aut
amft^ aut ex neceffariis
advorfa faBa funt^ in-*
columia manirent ; ta-^
me% fi quid ex imprdvifo-
mali aceidiffet^ vos im^
ploraretn^ Pafres Con"
fcripti; quibus pro rfiag^
nitudirte imperiiy jus £sf
injurias omnis cura effe
decet, Nitnc vero exful
patrtet^ domo^ folusj atque
^mnium honejiartm . r^-
rum egens^ quoi accedani^
aut quo appelkm ? Na^
tionesne an regis^ qui
emnes familia naftrte ob
vejlram dmicitiam infejli
funt ? Afi quoquam mihi
adire licet^ tibi noH mdjo^
rum meorum hoftilia md^
numcnta plurifna fint ?
An quifquam noftri mife^
reri poteji^ qtci aliquando
vobis hojlisfuit ?' '

the ftcurity \6 hi had from My
0'»^n famlly is gohe. My fathef
yifeWed, as neceffity requlr^, td:
thfe oi-der df nature. My brothef
^as villainotifly rbbbed of hislife,
by a relatibn, who of all mert
rtiould have been the furtheft fronl
fuch a clfithfei My friends atid re-
latibns, >^hfether by blood or mar-
riage, have be^ri all ruihed, fdrhe
onfe way^ fomfe ahbther. Beihg
t&keii prifohers, p^ft df thehl havd
been crucified, whilft oth^rs have
been thrdwn td wild bcaftsi A
few vvhofe lives werefpared, havei
bten chpt up ih dungeons, ahd
leadalifeih forrdtv ahd mourtr-
ing, worfe than death; If 1 was
in fiill pbfleffion of al[ I liave loft,
and my.relations and friends w^er^
none of them my encmies, or un-»
fortuhate ; yet iri cafe' of a fuddert
calamity furprizihg hie, I ftiouldj
mighty Fathers, af ply to you fof
ddiverancej whom, by reiafon
of yoiir vaft dominion, it highly
becomes to fee right and juftic^
dbne thrdughout the world. But
now whither fliaH I go, or tcr
whoifi fhall I apply, banlflied
as I am, frbm my country, my
home, lcft alohe^ ahd in waht of
every the leaft deceht accpmnio-.
datioh of life ? Shall I apply to
fofeign natiohs or princesj who are
all mortal ehemies to our familjri
uponaccouftt of ouir alliahce vvitli
you ? Oi* can I go any whrther^
where there are not very many
monuments of the valour of ihy
anceftors, employed againft the
country in your favour ? Ot can
afty one bavecompaffionujpoh mcf
who wasevcr an encray to yy« ? g^

BELLUM JUGURTHJNIJM.

9f

fiki£kn(ii..ita:in/iituitj Pi
C« n^ quim ' cukrmufy
hifi ^populum ' Romanum \

Hiva^ maipirimus; ffbun-

}k m4gttd 'p^afidiq mbii
u n)iftra > to^ibiiia /ore ^
fi huii-^ imperia fifrtun^

ac diis' mUtttiiuSy mggni
iftis -^^ idpAlinti\ omma
ficHndu .'i^i obidientia
fmti qu^Jmlius foav--
rufft injurws cjaan iuet^

: XVli» Fi^yjiwortbyfi^^thers,

p^l)r evex wa^j ^q m^|^e no equf ^

KQ ^y ftyt the Roto^Ai Kopk> \9.
.«ng^ ia ;iQ a^^^ance^ Qr treatie§ "*
wiife ai\y o^her p^wer whatevjer j^
aJJe^ging, th^t we fliould iind st^
l!lua4anitftciji:ity^\nyo\v:friend(hip
^tone ; ^tut that if fortune ihoulq''
muUirituri una Vcciden- ,t^Xi upon the Kpwn power tQ
rf^^ jwi/j i£i. Virtute jt's :deftru<Syon, we muft then of -

neeeffity peri(h y^h it. ByyoiMr
QWn gogd condu<9^ and th^ favour
pf tie Go4s, you are great an4.
W^bty^ fuc^fe and ^fu^miiTiQi^

»tt^d you diroughout the worWj
3[^a^m iiifd mnon.m. .whtt*ebyyou^r^en^bIedtQredre(s
Ifms ptivata.amcitia 5^«r*» :witb ea|e the injviries qf your al*
gurthd^ Kpaxum ^nita^ .^m*- AU that I fe^r in the cafe is,
tranfmrfits : ^s^t ; quos, . leftthefrie|id(hij;xof Jugurtha witl^
'eg$:-^^udio .maxuma t^e;. ]p«rticul«r piegibers of this ftate,
idti^^ ambiKes^ Jatigare im$ tQ^om h^ \^ OQt fu^cioiUy
" ' " ' ' " itown, ihoiil4 fi^ifeuid? t^iw y^

thek cqQ4u£l: upon this occafioh^
Tj^hp, I am ii;ifQmfd, are ufing;
titmr utcnpftei^4«^y<?ur§, follic^ii^
god impQi:|uiwa|[ yoyt ^jy a v^ry
particulkr ?fiplip^ti^>.][iot tp prpr
ceed to any refolutipn ^grainft hi|n,
as he is-UQt here feimfdr, witl^Qut
a i\j^ h^aring of his cjkufe. 'Ti^
faid, that Y^hat l J^ledge, is pre-
iencp only ; as if I ha4 not been
forced to fly my kingdoip, k^%
narum xura oriatur ; ut .xnight have (jQiitinu,^ in it, if f
ille^ qui nunc fieleribus woi^d. .HeaY«n$ gWit I coul^
fiiis ferMx * ntqui . pracla- but fee the riwi, ,by whofc impi-
rus g^, amnibus malis ex^ &i% violence I hay^Jb^fjx plvil^ge^
cruciatus^ itapietatis in :iatamypj3efent|i^ifery,4ifl!emWi?>g
panntem nofirum^ fra- -as I dp \ andth^t a,t laft either you,
Sris mei ^fis^ mearum-- ortheinunortalGodsjWQviI^talc^
jjue mifiriarum gravis theafiairs ofmankirip.mid^ryQur
faenas reddat. Jam jam care. .Then woui4 tbe wr^tch,
frater animo' meo cariffu-^ whOiOOafir prides.aod.ttijJQffihf IP
^^ N • me^

fingulos^ n^quid de aifin
te^ ina^mta' cauffa^ Jiar
tuatis'y fingare me mrhas
fS 'fugam fiAadare^ eui
iicuerit ip ngno manjtri\
^od Mtinnan ..iiluaii cU^
jus impio facinore in has
ntiferias prc^Stus fum^
eadem h^ . fmulantem
mdeam ; £^ aliquando, aut
iapud VoSy aut apud Deos
inanorialis^ rerum hwna-

^s

G.- CklSPl SALLUSTII

me^

,j quHmquam tiH im*
maturoy iaf unde minume
decuitj vita erepta eji^
tamen latandum magis^
quam dolendwnij puto ca-*
fum tuum. Nofi enim
regnuntj fed fugam^ ex"
JHiumy egejlatem^ . 6* has
emf7iSy qute me premunt^
isrumnasj

his villainy, by all imagiakMeftii'»

fery, fufFer the vengeance due to

him^ forhis>wickeddiiregardto the

memory of our father, the m\ir*

der of my brothcr, mi reducing

me to the woefui condition I am

now in. Now, now, 0.my. dear,

dear;brother, tho' you wcre cut

down in the prime of your days,

cum animajh-' and by hand of ail othcrs that

mul a?iiijijii. Jt ego in- fhoulaleaft have bcen guilty 6f

'"''^ * * ' fuchafa<Sl;yet;lGannotbutthink

I have reafon rathcr to rejoyce at,
than lament, your fall. For you
^id not- fo much lofe your kir^-
don>with yourli&, as you efcaped
the wretched neceffity of fiight,
banilhment, Want, and ali^ that
weight of woe, wiuch lies fo hca-
yy upon me. But I, poor.wretch^
thrown headlong from the beight
of my fathef's kingdpin into the
loweft depths 6f miferyj apa ano-
torious inftance of the imcertaiaty
of ^ human^ aifairs, not knoVriQg
what to do ; whedier to profecutc
the revenge ofthe wrongs done to
you, helplefsas I am, orendeavour
only the recovery of my kingdom,
whilft the difpofal 6f me, with re-
Xpe<a to life or death, is entirely in
the power of others.. Lcould wilh
obviam injuria ; nolife^ death might put a decent end to
pati regnMn Numidia^ mylife, toavoidthedefpicableap-
quod vejirum ejiy per pearancel muftmake; iftiredout
fcelus ^ fanguinem fami" by my misfortunes, I muft be o-
iiis nojlra tabefcef^e. bligedtobcquietundertheinjuftice

J have fuffered. Nqw I have no inclination to life, and yet I
cannot die with honour. *Now Ibegof you, mighty Fathers^
for the fake of yourfelves, your chiidren and parents, and
the majefty of the Roman people, relieve a poor wretch,
curb the violence of Jugurtha, and fuffer not the kingdom of
"Numidia, which is yours, to comc to nothing, by villainy,
ahd the murdet of our family,

XV]

felixj in tanta maia pra^
cipitatuSy pulfus ex patrio
regnoj rerum humanarum
fpe£faculum prabeo'y iih-
certus quid agam^ tuafne
injurias perfequar^ ipfe
Quxilii egensy ■ ati rigno
confuUtmy cujUs vita «^-
cijque potejias ex optbus
alienis pendet, Utinam
imoriy fortunis > meis • bo-
nejius exitus ejjet j ne vi^
vere contemptus vidererj
fi dejeffiis fttalis injuria
concejftffem, - NitHc^. neque
vivere lubef^ ne^Ue' mori
-iicet ftne d&iecore, JP. C.
per voSy per iiberos atque
parentes ve/iros^ per.ma-
jejiatem populi Romaniy
fubvenite mifero mihi ; ite

BELLUM JUGURTHIUM.

99

XYIII. Poftquamrcx
fiaem loqucndi fecit, le-
gati Jijgurthje, laratione
magts, quam cauiui, fre*
tiy pauci$ refpooaent i
HimpfaUm^ oh JavifU
am Juam^ ab Ifumdis
int0rfe6ium 5 Jtherba^
lem ultro bellum inferen»
temj poftquam fuperatus '
JitT, queriy quod injuriam
facere nequijfet ; Jugur^
tham ab fenatu petere^
ne fe alium putarentj ac
Numantia cognitus effet \
Tieu . verha inimici ante
fa£fa fua ponerent. De-
inde utrique Curia egre-
diuntur. Senatus ftatim
xpnfulitur, Fautores lega-
tprum, praeterea magna
pars gratia depravata, Ji^
tberbalis difta contemne-
re ; Jugurth^s virtutem
laiidibus extollere; gratia,
vpce, deniqnie omnibus
fi)odis pro alicAO fcelere
Sc ilagitio, fya qu^^fii pro
glpria, nitebafityr. At
contra pauci, quibu.s bo-
num ^ s^yum xlivitii$
c^rius erat, fubvoiiun-
dum Adierbali, ic Hi-
eipp(alis mort$m fevere
vjndicandam cenfebant*
Sjpd ex omnibus max-
pme /Emilius Scaurus,
hpmo nobiiis, impigeT)
fadiofus, avidus pPten-
tiae, honoris, djvitiarani ;
c^terumvitia fua callide
pccultans. Is, poftquam
videt regis ' largitionem
^^olani impudentem-

XVm. 4ier the Kmg ha4
made an endof.hisfpeech^ fhe dei-
puties of jugurtha^ depfnding
more upon tne hribes they had gi^
Veny than their caufe^ made ajhort
T^h\ That Hiempfal had been
murdered by the Numidians, be-
caufe of his cruelty ; that Atjier-p
bal had been the aggreffor in th^
late war,.and becaufe he hadbeer^
baiSed therein, 'and could not do
Jugurtha themifchief he intended,
he now complained. That Ju-
gurtha begged of the Senate, they
would not take him to be any o- .
ther man, than what he had been
kiiown to bc at Numantia, or
flicw more re^d to the words of

his

enemy,

than to his adtions*

Vpon thiSy hoth parties quit .the
houfey andthe Senate immediatefy
went upon the affair. The fa^
vourers of the atnhafjadorsy and a
great party bejidey made by the in^
fluence d' their friends amongft
theformery flighted what wasfaid
by Atherhaly^ highfy extotted the
condu£i ofjugurtha^ aru^ by their
interejly argumentSy and^ injhortj
ffll mamer of means^ Jiruggled as
hard'to cover Jugurtha^s wicked^
nefsy and infamous crimes^ as if
toeir own honour was at Jiake^
On thfi other hand^ afmall party
that regcfrd^d ju/iice and equity
more than money^ advijid to re»
lie^e Atherbaly and revenge Jer
Verefy the death of Hiempfal. The
mo/l eminent amongff thefe was
MmiUus Scaurusy a perfon ofno^
hle defcenty aflivcy faSltous^ grecT
dy ofpowery honotfry and riches \
but cunningfy concealing hi^ vices»
Hejinding that tho hribery carri-
N? . . ^u^,

i6o'

<^. CRISfel -S^tBtjStU

que, vcritirs, qudi rti ta-=
li tc. foldt, ttc {^olluta li-^
centia invidiam dccende-
ret, ariimum i tonlueta
Jubiditie cohtinuit.

XtX. ticrt tamen m
fenatu pars ilia, quse rero
pfetiunfi aut p-atiani *an-
tefei-elj^t. . I)ecretuiti fft,
uii deceni ihgati regnum^
quod Mitipfa obtinnerati
inter ^ugurtham W A^
therbakm ^diviSerent.
Cujus legatlonis princeps

edbnby the\Krng wa} 'notoriaut ^ni

hartjhtedy fearing^ ' ai ii iijual^.

hi^fens ihfuch a tafe^ Itfi theviiji

Uctnce ta%in in thai maiter fi^ulll

iTifitifne the general ddiuni again/i

the jbdrtiis guiHy^ hid latd a re^

Jfratrii upon his vicitnes ini:Knation.

XIX. Howevery tbepartythai

preferred pioney or fdvbur iefori

the truthy prevaihd in ihe Senate ;

tind a voie paffed for the appoimt-

* ment of ^en cbmmi(Sbhers, to di-

vide the kingdbm which Micipfa

had had, betwixt Jugurtha atjd

A therbal . The firft ' comrtnffioner

was L. Opimiusy a perfon ofgreat

fuit Ir. *t)pimius, homo figure^ ahd ofvajitoeight at thai

clafus, & ttim ih fenatu time inthehoufe\ becaufe^whenhe

was Confulf he had iaken off C.

pbtens, quia cpnful, C.
(jraccfio & Ki. Fulyio
interfeftis, Acerrume vm-
'di£lim nobilitatis ih plc-
b^ni exfercuerat. Eum
Jiigurtha, tametfi 'Rom«
in amicis habuerat, tameh
accuratiffume recepit ;
dando & pollkendo mul-
ta perfecit, tfti' famae, fi-
dei, pollremo omhibus
fuis rebus commodum re-
gis anteferret. Reliquoslc-
g^os eadem via aggreffus,
prerofque (iapit;' paucis
carior fides, qunm pecu-
nia, fuit. Irt diviiione,
quae pars Numidra; Mau-
ritaniam attingit, agro
virifque, opulehtior, Ju-
gurthae traditur. lUam
alteram, fpecie, quam
ufu, potiorem, qu^ pof-
tUQfior& sediftciis magis
fcxornata crat, Atherbal
poffedit. ReS poftuhpe

Gracehus andM, Ftihius^ and af-^
ttr thnt fuccefs^ hndfurioufly exe-
cutedihe vengeante cftht nohility
up^ ihe comfhons. And tho* he hlad
ieen one of yagurthd*s friends at
Iiomey.'yety upon hisiarrivalin A-
frica^ he received him wiih bnge
ceremony ; and by gvuing him nw^
neyj and promifing morey he fifar
wi-ought vtron him^ that he prtfer"
red the King^s iriteyeft hefort his
own credity honottr^ and^ infnort^
every thihg elfe. yugurthawenttd
wori.ln the fafke nianner with ihe
reji gJ the cdnmiffion-ert^ and eor-^
Yuptedmoftofthem, Afewofihem
valuedtheir honourmore ihan mo^
ney, In the divijton ofthe iingdoni^
that part'(f Ntmidia^ whichhor-^
ders upon mauritaniay andis mutfi
the more tonftderahie fvr goodmfs
offoil^ and httmher ofpeo^e^ ivers

biit Ttot Yeatiiy\ m having mor^

vide-

p% ^jqpon^re ; & ea^ gen- Jhd ierr • / |;a%/, it ntaf'': nff^ i?

tls,- qtiibufeum nobte bid- ifnpriperfil gii^e a flmi dct&Ani^^

ItfiW^t aimcitiJi fuki air the Jituefikn\(f jtfricai'^^Mt'^

tingere. Sed qujje loca pL thbJeMatibiis '^ bwe hacLar^ vh^
httiones, ob ealorc^, ' or alliinee ivith, Buf ^t f^ Wt^

aut arperitateni, item' fo-; fM^^d^Hdiion^j phifl^^ 'hetv^

|itudiil6s, mihus frequen- eftheir^kiteffive h(ptty ibeirhiing^

tatsfunt, deiis haud ifa- rQckfor^deJert^ are- tefi jfre^ehi''

cile comjpettura narr»ire- <^, */ canfiff lUtk witb artv nt^'

fim, caetera quarii pAu- ^iaihfy -y 'SUt tieryi I Jhall dtjpcficb

diSimis abfplVam. ivithallpdffSIe/revity,
-'XX. tn divifioneorbis^. • XK.^ Jn tbe divijhn ofthe

terfae pterique tft pafte ' ^ai^th.^ mfiji aUthors teckon ^ffite(

teffik Africani*' pofu^; <i fhirdparii 8ome reehntjideeS

pauci tantitoihjDoo Afi- hut two^ Afia^ ahd- E^rope i fef
am K Eiiropani tfCty i^ > thenihey 'cduni 4frica in Eitrope.

^ricam in Eurofia. Bi That is hpunded on tbewejlhy ihe'

firiis habetj ab oeciddtite fireighty vohich inakes the contmur

fretum nofei maris & nication betwixi our fea and tht

Oceani; ab orfu folis de- ocean^ on the ia/i hy a yjide' decUi-^

clivcpfi latitudinern, quem vity^ caliedfy the natives Caia^'

. jbcum Gatabathmoh in- hathmcs.' Thefea bordering uplm

jcolab appeHaht. ' Mare it is hoifierous^ where there are

iTaevuih, importubfum. A- few or no harbours, The country

ger fii^mn fertflis,^ borkus isfrnitfkl in grain of all kindi^

pecori,. arbori mfcecun- and good fbrfeedrng ofcattle^ hut

diis; cxlp terraque pe- frodttces vetyfew'trees; wateris

huria ^quaruth; gfjhus fcarce^ as well fpring^water^ as

hominamfalubri corpore^ rain. The nati^Oes are healthy^

vdox, patiens laboruhi; fivifi of fqot^' and hardy, Mofi}

pierofque feheftiis diflbl- ofthem aieof^ld age^ exceptfuch

vit, nifi qui feh*o aut a as perijb hy the fword^ or wild

\xXX\i% interiere. Nam heafis. For a dtfeaje fildom dif-

ptorbus haud faepe quepi- patches them» Bui ihen it ahounds

quam* fupeirat. Ad hbc, withnoxious &eatures. NoWy ai

malefici jgenefis pliiripia to the firfi inbabiiants of this

animalia. Sed qui mor- country^ *and thofe that injncceed^

tales initio Africam habu- ing ages Jetiled there^ and hoW

erint, quique ppftea ac- they incorforated^ I frall give a

ceflerint, aiit qiio hiodo very hrief acco&ntj difiirent in-

ihter fe penpixti finl ; deed from the common one^ hut

quamquam ab ea fama, fuch as wds interpreted io me out

flua^ plerofque obtinet, of the Oarihaginidn hooksy whicb

' ' ^ diver-

oro? . C, eRISPJ SALLUSril !

^erCxktfi ^ tamei^ u( ^enfatdp be King HiempfaPs^

cx Ubris Punicis, qui re» ^nd %vhat the pepple of ihat c»^n^

gis Hieippfalis dicebai^-^ try take to 'be fa^. But let the

tQr» i^terpretatutn nobis auth^rs Mnjwerfor the credibility

cft, ytique rem fefe ha-* pfit.i

tcre cultQiP^s gus teme putant^ qyam {KUiciiiumis ^icam*
C^ter^m iidei^ ejus rei penes. audores erit.

. X^. Africam initio X^L The criginal ifihabitants

Ijabuere Ga&tuli & Libyes, of Jfrica.ivhere the GatuBqm a^

dTperiincUltique; queisci-* the J^ikyanSy a r^ugh unp^ijhed

^us erat caro ferina, atque feoplcy who lived tipmfiejk taken

humi pabulum, uti pecoh in hunting^ or t^n herbiy liis

xibus. Hi neqi^e mori- ^attle, Thefe were. under nq man^

bus, neque lege, autim- ner iff amfinement from xuftom^^

perio cujufquam rpgeban- [law pr goverfimenf ', butJiroUing

turj vagi, palantes, quas ahout^here and therej tookuptheir

nox coegerat, fedes ngi- Mging^ where the night happeri^

bebant. Sed poftquani ed ta^ overtake them. fiuf cffter

ip Hifpania Hercujies, fi- Hercules died^n Spainy as the 4-^

cuti Afri putant, interiit; fricans have it^ his armythatwas

cxercjtus ejus, compofi- madeup of divers nations^ uporr

tu& 63^ gcntibus variis, a- the lofs pf their leadery and tha

miffo duce, ac paffim bti/iU made by a competitionfor the

multi^ fibi quifque impe- c^mmandy difperfed in afhort time^

4um pctentibus, brevi Of that^ number the Medes^ the

dilabitur. Exeonumero Perfiansy and 4i^meniansy pajTmg

Medi^ Perfae, & Arme- overjfy^ipping into ^fricayfeizr-

nii, navibus in Africam edupon thqfe parts. ofit^ that lye,

tranfveiti, pfoxumos no- upon ourfea. But the Perfians lye

ftro mari locos occupave- more upon the ocean, 7%ey made

re. Sed Perfse intra Oce- ufe of their Jhips turned bottom up^

anummagis; hique alve- wards for houfe^\ becaufe there

os navium inverfos pro was no wood in that country^ nor

tuguriis habuere ; quia had they any dpporiunity ofbuying

neque materia in agris, any^ or trucking for it with the

neque ab. Hifpanis emun- Spamards. ^widefea^ atid a Janr

dl aut mutandi copia erat. guage to them unknown^ render'd

Mare magnum & ignara ^ ajl commerce intpraElicdble^^ . Bj

lingua commercia prohi- degrees^ . they hy^ intert^arriages

bebant. Hi paulatim per mi^ed wiih the Gatulian^ ; and

cpnnubia Gaetulos fecum becaufe tbey were often Jhijfiing a-f

mifcuere ; & quia, iaepe ,J?out from pla^e to place^ totrythe

tentantes a^os, alia de^ podnejs of the joily they calki

^de alia loca petiverant, themjelves Nm^idians, Jo thi^

BELLUM JtJGURTHINUM.

tc^

Ibmct q>(t Numidas.ap-
pellavere* Csterum ad-
huc sediiicia Numidarum
iigr^Aium, qu^e Mapatiu
illi vdcant) oblotkga^ in:^
otfvis lateribus te<^ (fh' .
fi itavium carinas iunt«
Medisr autem U Anpeniis
acoeilere Libyes. ^am
hi^^nopiu&mare Afncum^
igitabant. Ga^uli fub
ipcdcmagiS) jiaud proctd
abarddribus; hiquie ma^
tur^ pppida .habuere.
Naiii) fretu divifi ab
Hifpahiaj ^nutare res iil-
txS' & inftituerant. -^ No- ,
men eorum pa\ill;|tim>Li-'
laycs ' corrupere, > barbara
ikigtia Mauro^ pto. Miedis
appellantes. Sedvm Per^
farum brevi adoleyit: ac
pqftea Nomo-^Numid»,
prbpter muhitudinem^ a
parentibus degreffi^ ^poC-
federe ea loca, quse^prox^
uma Carthagiheni Nur ^
'midia appellatun X)einde, ^
utrique alteris fireti, iimti-
mos armis aut metu fub
imperium fuum coegere ;
nomen gloriamque fibi
addidere ; magis hi, qui.ad
noftrum mare procefTe-
rant ; quia Libyes, quam
Gaetuli, minus bellicofi.
Denique Africa&pars infe-
ricr pleraque ab Numidis
poftdla eft. V i(S^i omnes
in geiitem nomenque im-
perantium concefTece. .

XXn. PofteaPhoeni-.
cesy alii multitudinis do-
mi minuendx gratia, pars

day ihe <tfitagU (fihe Numidi^m'^

wbich ihiy^^alf MzpzhZf iar^ 9f

m eblong form^ vjith the Jidet

hending.suii Uke the hulls ofJhips\

TheLibyms .jmed ibe Medes arvi

Jrmenians^ who-Jived nearer th4'

Afritanfea^ The Gatuliansiyeimr^

to. thef»n^::mtfar\from'the'hDU

teft farV.of tbe torridxme^. Ani

tbefe quidily huili towns* F&r be-*

ing divided^ottly^hy fa narrow fea .

fromSpain^\ tbey carried^n a-iraf^

fick there. But ibe Libyafk bi

degrees , akerid. ibeir nkmej ctiiU

ing themj intheir knguage^ Mai%»

ri, infteadtfMedi* But the Per^

fians befiomtj in a Jbort timef.a

flourijhingip^le^^ Afterwards iw

the Nomo^^Nun^idians^ by/reufitntf

theit vaft .numbersy ifeparatixg

from their parentSj pofte^diihem-k

fehes (f tb£. country about Car^

thagCy whicb is cailed Numidia*

After thaty . both parties depending

uponthehr. mutitai/iffjjiancei.ifoat

anotherf did hy.force of armsi ag

tf)efear.wereof bring their migi^

.bourj under fubjeSlion to tbem^ and

acquired: to. themfejves a migity

name^ and greai glory ^ but efpe^

cially thgfe who bordered upon min

fea y becaufe the Libyans arel^»

warlike than the Gat^lians. : Fi^

nally^ the lower part af Africa

was maft of it over^run by thi

Numidians. And the conquered

people mixed with^ and went ty

the*name ofthe conquerors.

XXIL AfterwardsthePhceni^
ciansy fome to lejffin the over^great
crewdi atiomey and others out of

impe-

y"

V

tdi^ Ci ckispi SALyLustii: ;

impera cu{)idine, Iblidta-» \tf 4tfir^ ^j^tiii^ ^HH^ taafa^
ta pteb^ .& aliis noKamoi >€fth$ co^iiminaity 't(t ^put themftk^s,
rermn avidis^/H^ppmea^. Undir tbimkaiing aH £r6itiAn\
Hadrumfituaiy . Leptim, as vuelUat dibtrs th^t pieaf€^\fmi
aitafque urbis inorajxia^ 'jof mveky^ i^Ut Hipp^ iHadrun
sitima.condidece. . Hkqjm; meiutfi^ J^ps^. €ind athif/citiis
brmaxittltum«iktt£be, par8< . t^^ f)^< fka^eot^ii .> ubid..titefit
originibus ^is .prseficUo, \growing saufidtratdy iu A,iiim,
aliae deood fuere;. /iJasn timey ^uen^-farily a JJscuri^^Md
de. CarthagifQe iilsrA tok^ partfy an iv'nament'iQ,tbiirfy^jgt{
&US'.puto,. qu^m jparum derjl Fot aito £arthagi^ Itbij^
d^cete; .quoniam aiio pm% k bettef iiofiiy^ noibing at oiL^ofit^
(tr^ . tempus « /jaioilet«. . thaniut- ta dittlgg \ hei^aufe^ . L^am iu
Xgkur adv. Cat&badimbo, bajft, to. jnituin • to «9 frcper&b-f
<{ui ^oois. ^gyi^im WheK)f§rj by tCatabafimof^

Afiica .dixidit, '&:inu^ .which plsice<jdimics Egypt.^frOfk
m^ prkna Cyren^.^vdi^A j^ricay^d^n thi.fia^ frfi Mcvxt
colonia :TJa6^.a;. ^ ;(ku v\\\Qtr^^,-iz KcMnfKirf the, Tiurtam
i^cep&Avx ^yxte^ bit&r^K^ ^iii fkilsd;. tie ^taia ifyrtgs^ ^if^
^pc /*efls\ Ifqpds ; deii^de Leptis bafmiietotl\emr^'.idiek thejoii
tynlemoii aris 9 cpifim lo« > tars'^fth3i^i(ik*taesj xAii£iu^
raib ii£gyptum .veifiis ihiboundaryiio^lt&e Cart&agimait
finem ui)perti habueoe rewpire ^io tbiffide^rf Sgypt^/efU
^rthi^gkiieafes ) poll /a»\ \ /^r themfufictid^aibjir i^artiagiai*

U» £uQiCse urbes iZx^-.andties^. ^T/^eilr^^fffj/ft^

ter^ioca uique ad .Mau^ far as Mam{tamj^ ^eNumi^Uani
mahiam Nunaidse.teneaft. ^ ^^are po£'effid: ofi'i:Tbe:',Moars ' are
Proxume Hifpaoiam nedctJo ^aimLTbeXi^Huliam^ wa.

Mauri funt. Super Nu-* are Joldj- ,fye \aba^ Numidia^ mha
midiatn '.Qa^ulos accepi- part of tbem live in iuts^.part
mxLSy. parttm in tuguriis^ wanderMbout^ witboit anyftt^ed
s^ios incuhtus vagos ^^^ habitattotu Beyond ihem iye: tbt
tare; poft eos ^thiopas ^thtoptans^' beyond. whm.Jhe
eile; ddn ioca exufla fo^ couKtry is bumt.up. with £X£i^^
Usardoribus. Igitur^ellO heat. in^tbe time ,tf\ the war> a^
Jugurthino pl^que ex- gainfi yugurtbfi^ tl^ Romjm' .pet^f^
Punids- oppida, & finis ple.govsrmd m^of.the Punick
Carthaginienrium, quos towns^ as weH as ihe jCOunfBBy^
novifTume habuerant, that had been under thefJtje&on
populus Rofnanus per . of the 'Carih^ginians^ by ^m^gi^
Magiftratus adminiftra- Jhates of their ewn^ A grea^
hat, Gaetiilorum magoa part of the Gatuliausy and the
parsNumidise ad flumen Numtdians 41S far. as the riviv
ufque Mulucham/ub Ju«. . Mukcha^ were under Jiugunkak

gurtha.

BfeLLtJM JUGKRTHINUM; 10$

gtirtha . aMt ; Mauris
oma&usrex Bocchus im-
peritabatj praeter nomen,
cadera ignarus populi Ro-

King Bocchus ruled- over M ihe
Moorsy afivMger tothe Romans^
any fartber than th»ir name, and
not known W- Us hefore^ either by

Afrtca^
and its inhabitants.

matii ; itemque nobis peace or Hvar. But this ma
neque belio, neque pace ficemy .purpofe t» fay (f
anteacognitus. DeAfdca
& ^us incoUs, ad necefii-*
tudinem ret fstis di£him.

XXIII. Poflquam, di.
vifo regno, legati Africa
deoefibre ; v & Jugurtha,
contra tiinbtem animi,
praemia feeleris adeptum
fefe videt ; certum ratus,
quod examicis apudNu-^
mantiam acceperat, on!i-
ma Romae venalia eile;
fimul & iUorum pollici-
tationibus accenfus, quos
pauUo ante muneribus
expkverat, in regnum
Atherbalis animum in-
tendit. Ipfe acer, belIi->

XXIII. After ihe Homan com-'
miffioners had divided the king^
dom^ and left Africa ; and Ju^
gurtha^ • contrary toMsfears^ fatu
himfelf rewardedfof his .vUlainy i
taking itnimfir if^erutinty which
he had heardfrom his friends at
Numantia^ that ail things tvere
tohefoldat Rom^ being likewifi
pufiedon by the promifes of thye^
njbbom he had but <a liitle hefore

haded with prefinis^ he refohed
to ba^e Atherbafs ykingdm from
hifh. ^ He was himfiif-an ahive^
warlike man ; buf he whom he de^
cx>fus ; at is, quem pe- figned to attack^ ]. a quiei^ weakj
tebat, quietus, imbeUis, meek-fpirited creafurey undble ia

dtfend himfilfy and more fearful

dfjthers-^ than to befettred by any»

^ erefir-e Jugufiha invades his

cmntry with a great^Hfmy^ takes

abundance of meri^ cattUy and o^

thet ' plunder 5 fires towns^ ani

(mer^runs- almoft all the country

with his borfe, Andwheh he had

done^ returned with all his forcts

into his< own kit^dom ;. fuppofing

^Aiherbal would refent ana revenge

the abufi^ andfo a war would en^

fue upon ii, 'But he not looking up^

an himfelfas a matchfor theother

inwary and depending more upon

thefriendjhip ofthe Roman people^

than his Numididn fubjeSis^ Jvnt

fore. At iUe, quod Vi^/^depuiies^Q yugurtha^ to^complain

qvi«

placido ingenio, opportu-
nns injurise, metuens ma-
gis, qaam metuendus.
Igitur ex improvifo iinis
ejus cum magna manu
invadit; multos mortalis
cum pecore atque alia
praeda icapit; aedificiaon-
cendi^t; plecaqtie loca ho-
ftilitercum eqiiitatu acce-
dit. Deinde cun^ omni
multitudme in regnum
fuum xx>nvertit, exiftu-
mans dc^ore permotum
Atherbakm dnjurias fuas
manu . . viruiicaturum,
leamque rem beUi cauilam

io6 . C. CRISPl SALLUSTII •.

que (e parem annis cxi- nf the injtfftice done bim. And

ftumabat, & amicitia po- M they brought but a rude an^

puli Romani magis, quam fwer back again^ yet he refohed

Numidis, fretus era^ lc- to fuffer any thing^ rather tbun

gatos ad Jugurtham de engage in a war^ htiving hadjuch

mjuriis queftum mifit ; iUfucceJs in theformer. Howevexi

qui, tametfi contumeliofa Jugurtha^s greedy bumour was not

di6ta retulerant, prius ta- hereby lejfened at all^ as having

men omnia pati decrevit, in his own thoughts abready 'de^

quam bellum fumere; voured his whole kingdom», Wbere^

quia tentatum antea fecus fire he begun now to make tDar^

ceflerat, Nequeeo magis nota^beforey with abandofplun^

cupido Jugurthae minue- derers only^ but with a numerous

batur; quippe qui totum and a regular army '9 and now a^

cjus regnum animo jam vowedly claimed for himfelf the

invaferat. Itaque non, kingdom of all Numidia\ and

ut antea, cum prasdato- 'where-evet; he came^ laid wajie

ria manu, fed magno ex- and plundered both town andcoun^

ercitu comparato, bellum try ; put life^ into his own menj

gerere coepit, & aperte and increafed more and more the

totius Numidias imperi- fright ihe eneiny was in^
um petere. C«terum, qua petgebat,. urbis, agros vaftare;
praedas agere \ fiiis animum, hofiibus terrorem augere.

^ XXIV, AtherbaJ, ubi XXIV. Jtherbal Jinding mat-^

intelligit eo procefium, ers were come tofuchapaJ\ that

uti regnum aut reliquen- he muji either quit his kingdom^ or

dum eflet, aut armis reti- keep itbyforce of arms^ wds ne^

nendum, necefllario (^opi^ tef^ated ta raife troops^ and march

as parat, &.JugurthaB again/i Jugurtha. In tbernean

obvius procedit. Interim, time^ botb arndes encamped not

haud longe a mari prope farfrom the fea^ nigh the town

Cirtam oppid^ixL, utriuf- ofCirta\ and becaufe tbe dayvuas

gue confedit exercitus ; almojifpent^ they did not engage

&, quia diei extremum ik battle. But whentbenightwas

erat, praelium non incep- a/mo/i overy about twiJightj 'tbe

tum. Sed, ubi plerumque foldiers of Jugurtha had the Jig-

no6lis proceflit, obfcuro nalgiven thentj. and nmde an af-

etiam tum lumine, mili- fault upon Hhe .enemy\ campj put

tes Jugurthini, figno da- to flight and difperfed tbem^ whiljl

tOj caftra hoftium inva- fome were half afleepy and othert

dunt; femifomnos par- were taking to their arms. Atber.-^

tim, alios arma fumentis bal^ with afew borfej made his

fugant funduntque. A- efcape to Cirta \ and had there not

therbal cym paucis equi- mn a good number of Romans in

tibus

BfiLLUM JUGURTHINUM. roy

tibus Cirtam profugit;
&, ni multitudo togato-
xum^faiflet, quae Numir
.das infequentis maenibus
prohibuir, uno die inter
duos r^escoeptum atque
patratuiH fbret bellum.
Igitur Jugurtha oppidum
circumfedit; vineis, tur^
ribufque, & machinis
omnium generum expug**
narea^editur; maxume
feftinans tempus legato-
rum antecapere, quosan-
te praelium faQxtm Ro^
mam ab Atherbale miiTos
audiverat. Sed, poftquam
fenatus de bello eorum
accepit, tres adolefcentes
in Africam legantur, qui
ambos reges adeant; S.^
P. Q^ R. verbis nundent,
veiU ^. cenfere eos / 4ib ar-^
mis difcedere'f de cmtro^
verfm fidsy jure potius
quambello difceptare : Ita
feque illifque dignum effe^

XXV. LegatiAfricam
maturantes veniunt; eo
fnagis, quod Romae, dum
proficifci parant, de proe-
lio fado, & oppugnatione
Cirtae audiebatur. Sed is
rumor clemens erat.
Quorum Jiigurtha ac-
c^ta oratione reipondit;
fifi nequ£ majus quid'-
quam^ neque carius au£to-^
rifatefenati effe\ ab ado^
hfcentia fua itafe enifumj .
ut ab optumo quoque pro^
baretur. Virtutey . non
fjfalitiay P. Scipidniy fum^
m viro pldcuiffe ; ob eaf^

towrty wbo repulfed the Numidi*
ansj in purfuit ofhimy from the
wallsy the war beiwixt the two
Kings had been begun and ended
in one day. Upon this^ fugurtha
laid clofe fiege to the town^ and
endeavours by means of vinea^
towersy and engines of all fortSy
to. take it\ making all ihe hajie
he could to be beforehand with
tbe deputies he heard had beenfent
to Rome by Jtberbaly befote the
battle. But after the Senflte were
informed of this war^ three young
gentlemen were dijpatched by them
into Africay with orders to appty
to both KingSy and acquaint themy
That it was the pleafure of the
Senate and peofde of Rome, they
(hould both be quiet, and decide
their di^tes in the way of r^-
fon, and not of war, as what
wouM be more for the honour of
the Romans, and themfelves tbo.

XXV. Thejeputi£s make all
poffible ^ajle into Africoy and the
rathery becaufe whilfi they were
preparing for their journeyy news
arrived in Rome. of ibe battle^
and thefiege of Cirta ; but fuch
too as leffened very much the ^*
oufnefs (f the fa^is, Jugurthay
upon hearing ihe deputiesy repliedy
Thal he was ready to pay the
utmoft deference to the autliority
of the Senate; he had endeavour-
ed from hii youth to behave in
fuch a manner, as to gain the ap«
probation of the beft of men, aqd
had recommended himfelf to the
favour of tbat great man F. . S^i*- .
O 2 dem

idi

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

dm artis a A£ciffa^ nm
fenuria liberoruTn^ in reg^
num adoptaium ejfe, Ca^
terum^ quo piura hem
atque Jlrenue fecijfet^ eo
animum fuum tmuriam
minus toUrare. Ather^
balem dolis vita Jua in^
fuUatum', quod ubi com^
fertj[et<^ fceleri o&mum
jffe* Populum Romanum
neque re6ie^ . neque pro
hono faSiurunty Ji ah jure
gentium fefe prohihuerit.
poftremoj de omnihus re^
hus legatos Romdm hrevi
mijfurum. Ita utrique
digredkiotur. Atherbafis
aj^pellaDcU copia noa futt..
Jjugurtha, ubieos- Africa
deceffifle ratus eft, neque
propter loci naturamX^ir-
tam armis expug^^are po^
XsSiy vallo atqnc fofia
mcenia circumdati turris
extruit, eafque praefidiis
firraat \ prseterea dies
DOiStifque, aut :per vim,
aut dcJis tentare; defen-
foribus moenium proemia
modo, HKxio fbrmidinjem
gftentare; fuos hortando
ad virtutem erigere \
prorfus intentqs cun6la
parare. Atherbal ubi in-
teiligit omnis fi^rtunas
fuas in extremo fitas, ho-

piO| by bis virtoe^ notwifkedngfs,
He. had ULewife been adc^rted by
Micipia, to fucceed in his king-
doni, for the iame good quaiities,
and not for want of fons. But
the betto' he had behaved, the
more he refented any abufe. That
Atherbal bad fonn^d a plot agaiftfl
his lifiv upon the. dUfcovery of
whidi, hebadendeavouredtopve-
veat him. That tbe Rtnnan peo-
ple would not dowell, pr deal
fairly by-him, if they deborredhini
firom the commoo right of nati-
ons. Finally, he told them, he
would fhortly fend deputies to
Rom^about all matters. J^er
this anfiver^ they farted. ^he
Xaman deputies could not get inta
tbe town to fpiak to AtherhaL
When yugurtha thougbtthey tvere
departedfrom Africa^ finding it
impoffible to take Cirta hf affdultj
hecaufe of the natural Jirengtb of
the place^ he hlocks . it . tip clofdy on
all ftdes with a ^ rantpart and a
diichi huilds tower^y andflls them
wlth armed' men t . arui beftdes^
makes frequent attempts upon ii
byday and hynigbt^ in the way,of
open forccy or firatagem ; plyifig
thebefieged ont while wkb pronti^
fesy and. another whiU -^ith
tbreats 'y. and at thefame time
anitfuting bis mfn men to ^do^ tb^r
utmofi. In Jhort^ be puftad' tbe

hufinefs witb all poffihle appHcaii'
flem infcfiiim, auxiiii ' on and eagemefs. Atherhal find^
fpcm nulhm, penuria rc- ing himfelf reduced\to thehfi ex^

tremity^ bis enemy hent upon.bis-
de/im'^iony no bl^s of a^ance^
andtiat.tbe war could not he con^-
tinued for want of necefjariesy
chufesfrom amongfi tbofe that bad

mults^

rum neceJTariarum bd-
lum trahi non pofle ; ex
lis, qui una Cirtam pto^
fugerant, duos . maxume
impigros deiegit > eos,

BELLUcM JUGURTmNUM.

JQ9.

nmlta poHicendd ac Jiufe-^
randa (nfuixt fimm) con-
GfmaA, utx pes hoiHuin
mairitiones noQxL\ ad
proxumum marC) dein
Rottiam pergei^nft. Nu-
midse paucis diebusjui]a
efHciimt. ' Litterae Ather-
balis in fenatu recitatse,
quarum fententna bsec
fuit.

XXVL N(m tnia ctd-^
pa faft^ ad vos oratum.
tmtto^ P. C. Jei vis 5f«-
gUrtha fubtgh ; qtum
tanta lubido me ^xtsn»-
guindi invajh^ uti neque
vos Heque deos immortalis
in animo babeat ; fangui^
nem meum, quamomnia,
malit^ ttaqtte quintum
jam menfemfocius^ ami'
cus poptiU -Komani armiis
jiis teneor^ neque mihi.

Tcipfa patris mei benc"
ficiaj neqi^ veftra decreta
auxiUanttir. Ferro an
fame acrius '^urgear^^ in-
cirtus fum. Plura de
yugurtha fcribere dehor"
tatur me fortuna mea.
Etiam antea expertus fum^
parum fidei miferis effe.
Nifi tamen intelligo i7-
lum^fupra quam ego fum^
pitere\ neque fimul ami^
citiam' vejfram & reg^
rtum meum fierare'; «-
trum gravius exi/tumety
nemini occultumefi. Nam
initio ocfidit ' fiiempfalem
fratrem meum ; aeinde
patriq regno, me expulit.
^ua fani fuerint nofir^

%fcaped,ahng nXxith him to^ Cirtff^
two if the moft aSfivei and, by
large promifes^ and. lamenting hi$
condition^ prevails with them - 19
get through the enemies lines in
the night-^time down to. ' the fea^
and from thence to go tp Rome.
The Numidians execute their or^
ders in afew days. Ajtherbafs letr .
ter was readin the Senaie^, 'Ufhicb
was to thefaltowing effe^.. ,

XXVL 'Tjs nofaultof min^
illuflrious .Fathers, that I trouble
you with fuch irequent meiTages;
htit Lam obliged to.it by the yIop^
lence of Jugurtha, i/irho is fo mad-
ly bent upon my deftrudipn, that .
he has no regard to you, or the
immortal Gods ; but had rather
have my blood, than all things in
the wprld befides. And dierefoie
I, an ally andiriend of the Romaa
people, have been clofely befieged
for five months, tpgether; whilft
neither the fervices of my father
Micipfa, n6r your decrees» avail at ,
all to my relief. I ^m unable to
tell you, whether I am more di-
ih-efiied by fword, or by famine« '
My circumflances difcourage me
from enlarging on my complaints
againil Jugurtha. Lhavefoundby
experience, the imfortunate have
but little credit. But hbwever,
I am fenfible, he has fomething ia
view beyond my deihudion, and
neverexpefts toenjoyyourfiiicnd-
fhip and my kingdom together*
Which of the two he is moft am-
bitiouilyfondoi^ can be no fecret.
to any body. For he firft of all
nrarcieredmy brother Hiempfai, &
then forced me from my rather's
kingdom. {^etthoielpeai^Qfin-

IIO

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

iHjurta\ nihil ai vcs»
Verum nunc regnum ve^-
Jlrum armis tenet\ w,
quem vos imperatorem
Numidis pofuijfis^ claU"
fum obfidet ; legatorum
verba quaTfti fecerity
pericula mea ^ declarant*
^id eft reliquum^ nifi
vis vejlray qua moveri
poffit? Nam ego quidem
viiiemj £5f hac qua fcri^
boj & illa quof antea in
fenatu quejlus fum^ vana
Jhrent potiusy quam mife-
ria mea fidem verhis fa-
ceret. Sed quoniam eo
natus fum^ ut Jugurtha
fcelerum- ofientui ejfem ;
non jam mortem neque
arumftaSy tantummodo
inimici intperium^ bf cru-
ciatus corporis deprecor.
Regno NumiSa^ quod
vejirum eft^ uti lubety con-
fuHte \ ^ me ex manibus
impiis eripitej per maje^
Jiatem imperiiy per ami-
citia ftdem^ fi ulla apud
vos memoria remanet avi
mei Mafmiffa

XXVIL His litteris
recitatis, fiiere qui cxer-
citum in Africam mit-
tendym cenferent, &
quam primum Atherbali
fubveniundum ; de Ju-
gurtha interim uti confu-
leretur, quoniam legatis
nidn paruiilet.. Sed ab'
iiidem illis regis faptoriw
bus fumma ope enifumi,
ne tile decretum fieret.
Ita bonum publicum^ ut

jufticc to us, yrhich na ways afl^
you. Yet now he keeps, by forcc
of arms, a kingdom that is yours^
and befiegcs me, whom you ap.
pointed King of thc Numidians ;
dien too how muchhe minded the
remonfbr^ces of your «deputies,
my danger fufficiently ihews.
What remains therefore to move
him, «but force ,on your part ?
For I could wiih, that wbat I .
now write, and what. I before
complained of toyou, had no*
thingoftruth in it, rather than
that my mifery (hould gaincredit
. to what I fay. But fince I was
bom to manifcft to die world, in
my perfoii, tKe villainies of Ju-
gurtha, I b^ not a delivery from
death or mifery, but the hands of
Jugurtha, and the crud torture I
muft expe£i: from him. Difpofe
ofthekingdomofNumidia, which
is yours, as you pleafe. But I be-
feech you by the majefty of your
mighty powcr, and the honour of
our alliance, ddiver me fifom thofe
impious hands, if you have any
refpeft for the memory of my
grandfatheir Maiinifla.

XXVII. After ihe reading oj
this letter, fome tvere Jor fending
an army over into Afrtca^ and re^
lieving Atherbal forthwith ; and
conjideringy in the mean-while^ in
what way to proceed againft ju^
gurthaj forflighting their nujjage
to him, But this was Jtrenuotjly
oppofed byfticb as had before fa"
voured tbe catfe of jugurtha.
ThuS' was the publick goddy as it
commonly falls outy baffled hy pri^^
vatLtntereft. Howeveryfome eh

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM. in

ih plcrifquc negouis folet,
privata gratia devi<Stuni.
Jjegamtxir tameti in Afri-
cam nu^or^s natu nobi-
les, amplis honoribus ufi,
in qu^s fuit M. Scajurus,
jde quo fupra memoravi-
m\Jis^< confularis^ & tum
fenati princeps. Hi, quod
in invidia res erat, fimul
& a Numidis obfecrati,
triduo navim adfcendere ;
dein brevi Uticam adpul-
fi litteras ad - Jugurtfaam
mittimt, ^uam oit^ume
ad provinciam . accedat ;
Je ad eum ab fenatu mij'
fos. Ille ubi acoej^ fao-
«lines claros, quoruni
. auiftoritatein RcHnse poU
lere audiverat, contra in-^
caeptum ^ fuum veniile ;
primo commotus metu
atque lubidine divorfus
agitabatur. Timefaat iram
Jtoati, ni parmfiet lega-
tis; porro smimus cupi-
dine csecus ad incaeptum
£celus rapiebat. Vidt ta-
men in avido ing^io
pravum confilium. I^-
tur, exercitu circumdato,
fumma vi Cirtam irrum-
pere nititur; maxume
fperans, diduiSla manu
hofiium, aut vi aut dolis
fefe cafum vi<9:oriaB in-
venturum. Quod ubi
fecus procedit, nequd,
quod intenderat, efficere
poteft, uti prius, quam
. legatos conveniret, A-
therbalis potiretur ; ne
amplius morando Scau-

derly noblemenj that iad^ run
through the great offices ofjiat^y
are difpdtched over into ylfrica ;
amongft whom was M. Scaurus
mentioned above^ a Confular gen-
tiemany and thmatthebeadpftii
Senate. Thefe gentlemen^ asitbere
was a general outcry agdinft^ Ju^
gurtha-s behavibury and' the Nu-^
midians vehemently pre£id them
for difpatchy went aboard ajhip in
three days timey and arrivingfion
after at Vticay fend a letter to
jugurthoy with orders to repair
foithwith totheminthe province;
' for that they had a mei&ge to him
frojxi the S^^nate. Upin find^
ing that perfons rf high ranky and
of very great Jway at liomey as
he had heen informedy were come
to oppofiMs dejignsy hi was mxich
Jhockedy and diftra£ted betwixt
fear and a pajftonate defire ,io atr*-
ry his point ctgainfl AtherbaL He
fearedthe' Senate*s refentmMy if
he did not ehey the commsjponers j
andthen againy his mind blinded
with ambitiony htirried bim on tQ
the compktion rf his . wicked enter^
prize, The wsrfeofthe.tmoihin^s
propofid to hts choicef at' laft
wreught Mpon his ambitidus fiuL
JVherefore drawing hisarmyquite
rifundtbe placcy heufee his tamofi
ejforts to break into Cirta\ being
in great hopeSy that by thus di-^
viding ' the force of the enemy^'^^
might hit upbnfime ducky chance
for fuccefiy either byforce or cun^
ning, But mifiarrying in his d^
fign of getiing Jtherbal ■ into his
handsy before he attended the com^
mijjionersy for fear of provokin^
Scaurufy Vihom \b4 m^h dreadedy

.rum

iia

C. CRISPI SALtlXSTn

hy his delay^ he eante^ attendM
with a few horfe^ into the pro^
vincei Jlndtho^ they did^ inibe
Tume of the : Senate^ tbreaten . bim
very Jeverefyifir .ndt raijh^ tbe
nae\jgFaves nonciabantury Jiegej yet (^r^adeal ofcvjrmgle
quod . ab oppitgnatlone upon the fiikje^-.the comimffwner^

departed^ wiihoHt-^heing ahlt.ta
move him in th» leqfi^^ . •

rum, 'quem plurimiiim
metuebat^ , incend^etj
cum paucis equitibus in
provihdam venit. . Ac
tametfi^ fenati verbis mi*-

nialta
. con-
fruibra

non defifteret.;
tamen. oratijone
fumpta^ legati
difc^ilere.

XXVIIL Ea
•quam Cirtse audita funt^^
Italici, quorum virt;ute
joioema: , defenfabanftur,

i '

poft-

XXVIIL Whenihe^ntwi^
this was hrougiht to Grta^^ tbe Ita»
liansj hy whom the town had been
drfendedy fvppofing^ in cafe ofa
'cdhftii,- deditione. fa(3% farrender^ that they, upon. account
propter ^ magnitudinem jf.ihe iRjormt grandeur^ Jhould
popi^i.Romahiiilvidatos xome to no ebrmagey advife jfther-

halto deliver up himfe^ and tbe

fefe -foire, Atherbali fua-
dent, titi feque ii oppi-
dum Jugurthae tradat j
tantum ab eo vitam pa^
cifcatur ; de c^teris feni->
tui curse foce. . At iUe,
tametfi omnia pdtiora
Ade Jugufthae rebatur,
tamen, quia penes eof-
dem, fi advorfaretury co-
gendi . . poteftas erat, ita»
iitL ceiifiierant Italici, de-
ditionenif fecit. Igitur
Ji^uitha. in primis A^-
dlerbalem excruciatum

town io Jugttriha^.artidk^ for.
life onty\ finee , etber. matters
tbe Senate wouldtake eart of
Buty tho^ he abborred above afl
things the thoughts if trufting
fugurtha^ yet becaufe. it was Jn
theirpowery if he refufed^ tafarie
him to-a con^Uance^ he did fur^
rendery as the i Italians ^a(wifed
him. Whereupon Jugurtkayrin
the firft.fdaci^ futs Jtherlml to
deathwith tortur^.^ and.tbeuput
allthe ifumtUans of dge^ and the
merchants AoOy that appeared in
armsy mitboat diftin^iony to tbe

necat; deinomnis pubiereis

Nulnidas atque negotia-f fwordi
tores promifcue, uti quif-
que armatus obvius fue-
lat^ intorfidt.

XXlX. Quod poft- . XXIX. Jls foon as this was

4iuam Romae co^itum .ittownmt Rome^ andthe mattfr

t% &.re& in fenatu agi- hegun to be debated imthe Senat^y

tari ccepta ; iidem iHi ihe fame penfioners to^ihe King^

miniftri regis^ interpel- 'by .obftruSiing proee^dingSj jnn^

^lando, ac (sepe gratia^ fpihnir^ out theiimfirt£fsy^by-their

inter-

BELliUM^jUdURTHINUM. iij

infferduip jurgiis trahenda
tempus, attocitatem fac-
ti ieniebant. Ac ni C.
Memmius, triburius pfe-
bis defignatusj vir acer &
infeftus potentiae nobilita-
tis. populum Romanum
cdrocuifiet^ id agij utiper
paucos faSfiofos Jugurtha
fcelus condonaretur^ pro-
fedb omnis invidia, pro-
latandis confultationibus,
dilapfa foret. Tanta «vis
gratias atque petrunias re^
gis er^t. ' Sed ubi fenatus
detidi confcientia popu-
lum timet ; legc Sempro-
nia provinciae futuris
confuHbus Numidia atque
Italia ' decretae \ confules
declarati P. Scipio Nafica,
L. Bcftia ' CalpumiuS 5
Calpumio Numidia, Sci*
pioni Italia obvenit. Dein
exercitus, qui in Africam
portaretur, fcribitur j
ftipendium, aliaque, quae
bcllo ufui forcnt, dccer-
iiuntur.

XXX. At Ju^rtha,
contra fpem nuncio ac-
^epto, quij^ cui, Romae
dmnia venire, in animo
haeferat, filium & cuni
ko duos familtaris ad fe-
hatifm legatos mittit ;
lifque, ut illis, quos Hi-s>
fempfale interfe£lo^ mife-
irat, praecipit^ omnis mor^
talis pecunia aggr^dian^
Jtur. Qm poftquam Ro-
mam advcntabant, fena-*
tus a Bcftia confultus eft,
platfretni legatos Ju^

iftfereji in ihe men^ers^ and
tvrdngling togethtr^ endeavoured
\to Itffen the odioufnefs ofthe faSfi
And had noi Ct A&mmiusj ^ri-
bune ofthe commons ele3^ a hrijk
man^ and an avowed enemy to the
p&wer ofiht nobiHty^ informed th^
Romdnpeople^ that the defign w^
to fcreed Jugurtha from the pu-
nifhmentduetohiswickednefs, by
the means oi 2l few leading menj
all tbe odium ofthe thing^ by the
dildtory proceedings of the Senate^
would hdve vanijhed. Snch weight
had^the King^s infereft and money
together amongft them. But wheri
the Senate^ from a fenfe of their
owh guilty hegun to be apprehenftoe
of the peoplis refentment^ a bill
was preferred to the people^ and
pajjid^ whereby the provinces ap^
Pointedfor the fucceeding Confuls^
were Isumidia and Italy j P, Seipio
Nafica^ and L. Beffia CalpurniuSj
were made Confuli ; and Numidia
fellio Calpurniusi and Italy to Sci^
pio, Then an army was leviedfot
Africa^ money^ and other ihtngs
neteffaryfor the war^ voted.

XXX. But Jugurtha^ furpri^

fed at the news of this^ as who

had been fxll of a perfuajion^ that

all things were to be hadfor maney

at Rome^ difpatches dway his fon^

andtwo dmbajjadors with hinij td

the Senate^ and 6rders ihemy as he

had befort, dont thofe he fent after

the murdef of Hi^pfal^ to bribe

ali about them, wnerever thcy

came. ^er their artival at

Rome^ tht Stnatt was confulitdbj

Beftia^ to kntroj thtir pltdfurej

WhetJier thc? ambafiadors of Ju-

gurtha fihould bc admitted inio ^

1? gurtha

\

114

e. CRISPI SALLUSTII

gurtha recipi nueyiibus ;
iique decrevere, j^i reg-
num ipfumque ^deditum
venijjintj ut in diebus
proxumis decem ' ItaUa
decederent. Conful Nu-
midis ex fenati decreto
nunciari jubet. Ita in-
fedis rebus illi domum
difcedunt. Interim Cal-
purnius, parato exercitu,
legat fibi homines nobilis,
fa£liofos, quorum audo-
ritate, quae deliquiiTet,
munita fore fperabat \ in
queis fuit Scaurus, cujbs
de natura & habitu fupra
memoravimus. Nam in
confule npftro multae bo-
naeque artes animi & cor-
poris erant; quas omnis
avaritia praepediebat, Pa-

, tiens laborum, acri inge-
nio, fatis providens, belli
haud ignarus, firmiiliimus
contra pericula & infidias.

• Sed legiones per Italiam
Rhegium, a^ue inde Si-
ciliam, porro ex Sicilia in

. Africam.tranfvc(SaE. Igi-
tur Calpurnius, initio
paratis commeatibus, a-
criter Numidiam ingref-
fusxftj multofque mor-
talis & urbis aliquot pug-
nando cepit.

XXXI. Sed ubi Ju-
gurtha per legatos pecunia
tentarcy bellique, quod

. adminiftrabat, afperita-
tem oftendcre coepit j
animus seger avaritia fa-
cile converfus eft. Cas'-
terum focius & adminifter

^ city^ .or no. And tbe Senate -^^-
ted thereupoHj That unlefs they
were come to furrender both' Ju-
gurtha and his kingdom, they
ftiould be gone out of Italy in ten
days time. IVhichy hy order of
the SenatCy the Conful fignified to
the Numidians\ and accordingly
they went home^ without doing any
thii^g. Jnthemeantime^ Calpur^
nius having raifedanarmy^ chufes
for his lieutenant-genera/sy noble"
men of the^reateft intereji 'y hy the
autbority of whom^ he hoped^ the
crimes he propofed to co,nmity might
pafs unpunifhed. Am^ng(i thefe was
Scaurusj whofe chara5fer I have
given ahove, For our Confulhad
many excellent quaiities^ both of
body andmind^ theexercife where-
ofwasmuch obflru^ed by hh co^
vetoufnefs* He was hardy^ of
fhrewdpartSy a man of greatfore-
fighty and well verfed in t^he bufi^
nefs of war^ and much itpon his
guard again/l all danger andfur»
prize, The legions were led thro^
Italy to Rbegium^ from thence
carried over to Sicily^ andfrom '5/-

, cily to Africa* Where Calpurnius
providing his army^ in the fir/i
place^ witb all neceffaries^ very
brifkly entered Numidia^ took abun^
dance ofprifonersj andfeveral ci^
tiesfword in hand.

XXXI. But after Jugurtha
begun by his meffengers to lay the
money-batt in his way^ and to make
himfenfible of the difficulty ofthe
wary hismind^ overrun wito the
djfiemper of covetoufnefs^ begun to
faulter* Scaurus he made his part-^
ner and affifiant in all his mea"

omni-

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM. 115

ofnnitam CQnfillorum af-
fumitur Scaums; qui ta-
mctfi a principio, plerif-
que ex fadione ejus cor-
ruptis, acemime regem
impugnaverat j tamen,
magnitudine pecuniae,
a bono honeftoque in
pravum abftra6hjs eft^
Sed ^Jugurtha primuip
tantummodo belli mo^
ram redimebat, exiftu-
mans fefe aliquid interim
Romae pretio aut gratia
efFefturum, Poftea vero,
quam participem negotii
Scaurum accepit, in
rr^xvimam fpem adduc-
tus recuperandse pacis,
ftatuit cum eis de onmi-
b«s pa£kionibus praefen*
agere. Casterum interea
fidei caufiia mittitur a
confule Sextius quaeftor
in oppidum Jugurthae
Vaccam > cujus rei fpeci-
e$ erat accq>tio frumenti,
quod Calpurnius palam
legatis imperaverat ; quo-
niam deditionis mora in-
duciae agitabantur. Igitur
rex, uti conftituerat, in
caftra venit; ac pauca
praefenti conciKo loaitus
de^invidia fisuS^i fui, atque
utin deditionem accipe-
retur, reliqua cum Beftia
& Scauro fecretatranfi^t ;
dein poftero die, quafi per
faturam fententiis exqui^-
tis, in deditionem accipi-
tur. Sed, uti pro Con-
cilio imperatum erat, ele-
pbant) xxx, pecus atque

fures ; wbo thci* at firft^ tvben
moft ofhis party hadheen corrvpt-
ed^ he had violently oppofed the
King ; yet was he at laft driven ,
by the dint ofhard hrihery , from
his integrityj to patronize the
wickednejfs of fugurtha^ who at
firft purchajed only a fufpenfion of
the warj in hopes to carry hispointy
in the mean time^ at Rome^ hyhri^
hery or interefi, But whenhefound
Scaurus was engagedin hisfavour^
in firong confidence $f compafjing
a peaccj he refelved to ^enter into a
perfonal treaty with themy in re^
lation to all concems whatever,
But in the mean time^ Sextius the
^afior is difpatchedy by way of
fecurityy into a town of fugurthaj
ealled Vdcca^ urider pretence of
. receiving corn^ which Calpiirnius
had ordered the deputies fo provide
for his army'y becaufi fhere was
now a truccy in oraer to yugurr
tha's maiing afitrrender ofhim*-
felf Wherefore the Kingy accQrd^
ing id his appointmenty came into
the camp. And cfier be hadfpoke
very briefiy^ with relation to the '
odium his late conduSi had brought
upon him^ in the hearing ofa coun^
cil of war^ and defired he might
be admitted to an hpnourahle fur^
render^ he treated with Be/iia and
Scaurus in private about their
ther affairs ; and then the day af-
rter^ the opinion of the eouncil as
to divers particulars^ being taken
togethery and in a hurry^ he is
admitted to h furrender, But^
agreeahly towh^t hadbeen enjoin-^
id him^ in the prefence of the
counciL, thirty elephants^ fome catr
tlej and ahundance.tfh^rfih ^^^^

P 2 c(|i4

j%6
I

C; CRISPI SALLUSTII

equi niulti, cum.parvo
argenti pondere^ qu^ori
tradutitur. Calpumius
Rpniam ad magiftratu^
rogandos pi^cifcitur. In
Numjdia & exercitu no-
flrb pax agitabatur,

XXXIl. Poftc|uamres
in Africa gcfta^j quoquo
modo a(^ae ibrent, Fama
divulgavit ; Romae pet
omnis locos ic conventus
de fa6h) confuKs agitari.
Apud plebem gravisinvi-
dia ; patres foliciti erant ;
probarenme tantum Ba-
gitium, an decretum con-
ftilis fubverterent, parum
<:(mftabat. ' Ac maxume
eos potientia Scauri, quod
\s au6tor Sj: focius Beftiae
iferebatur, a vero bonoque
impediet^t. AtC. Mcni-
mius, cujus de libmate
ingenii, & odio potentise
' pobilitatts fupra diximus,
inter dubitationem &
moras fenati^ condonibus
populum ad* vindicandum
hortari, monere, ne rem-
publicam, ne libert^tem
iugm defcrerent ; muita
(pperba, & crudelia faci-
nora nobilitatis oftende-
re ; prorfus intentus omni
modo piebis animum ac-
cendebat. Sed, quoniam
ea tempeftate Romae
Memmii facundia clara
pollenfque fuit, decere
exiftumavi unam ex tam
multis orationem qus
perfcribere ; ac potifiii-
mum ea dicam, quse m

e fmall quantity ^fiher^ are de-^
liveredup to ihe ^aftor. Ceifi
purnrus goes to Rome^ to prejide
in tbe eleSHon of new magijlnxtes j
whiljl all fpas now q^iei. iH Numi'^
dia^ andouranriy,

XXXII. ff^en cmmmfame
hadnow dipulged tbe iranfa£Hm$
in y^rica^ with tbe manner;of
ihem^ the behavioup ofihe Conful
wa$ ihe fuhje& of much' conver"
fdtion^ in ali piacis and companits
atRome. Thecommons were highfy
incenfed ai the bujinefs \ and the
Senate in gredt perpUxity* They
knew not whe{ber tbey fh(ftdd ra^
tify fo vile a piece vf combfdfy or
maie void aU that bad been refoU
vedon by ihe ConfuL What chieflx
diverted themfrom tie purfuit ^.
right andjti/itce in tbe cafiy was
ihe.power of ScauruSj who uw
faidto have encouraged and fup*
ported Beftia in ihe (iefign^ Bui
C, Memmius^ conceming ^fbofi
bfildnefsy andfpight to the nobiHty^
we have fpoken above^ during thi
doubts and delays ofthe Senate^
did^ by feveral harangues, exhori
fhe-people to.punijh the yfufbehavi-
our of the Confu\ and admonijhed
them not to defert the caufe cf
the publick^ and their own 'liberty»
He gave many infi^incerof the in^
foient and cruel behavioiir of the
nobiiity ; and diol^ with the utmefi
atplication^ endeavour tofpirit up
the convmons againfi ihem^ Andy
becaufe at that time he bore a
mighty charaiierat ^mefbr eio'^
quence^ I have thought it Woutd
not be am^Sj to prefent the riader
witb one-ef the manj ffeecbes he

con-

Bj:j.LUM JUQtJRTHiNUM. uf

made ^nthis o£caJifn\ that I tnean^
which he made tn an ajfembly of
the people^ afier the return of
^e^iny inthefoUofvin^ words.

XXXIIi. Many mings wouI4

^ocione, ^ppft reditum
Beftia^ hujufceinodi ver*-
bis ({iileruit»

XXXIIL Muka n^
^ihortantur a vdbis^ ^tr
rites^ ni fiudium reipub^
Ufiee omn^ /tiperet ; cpes
fa^ioniSf njtejra patienr
ti^ jusnulbimi ac max^^
Imte^ quod innicentia plus
peficulij quam hifnorisy
ep» ifnm iUa juidem
piiet dicere^ hfs annis
<9irv« quam ludibrio fueri'*
fif f(*per%ieet paucorum \
ifuam fsde» quamque in^
ulti perierint 'pejiri de^
fenfores % uti vMf animus
^ab ignavia atque' ficordia
^orruptus ft\ qui ne
'rae^c quidem oinoxiis ini^
mcis^ exfurgitis f ^tque
^tiem nunc timetis eosy
fuibus vets decet terrori
ijfi, Sed quamquam hisc
talia funt % tamen obviam
ire faSfionis pofentia a^
nimus fukigit* Certe ego
Hbertatemy qua mihi a
'parente meo tradita ejl^
experiar ; verufQ idfru^
ftra^ an oh rfjn faciam^
in veftra manu Jitum eft^

XXXIV. tfequf fgo
vos hortorj qmtfiepe ma^
jores ^eftri fecere^ uti
contra injurtas drmati
eatis. NihH viy nihil
fecftjfiom tpus efi. Necejfe
eji^ fuomet ipft w^re pra-

difcourage me from aDplying to
you^ as I now ^ geatJemen, diq
not a regarcl for Uie gppd of th^
publick preyail with^me above all
otberconiiderations. Tbe tbings
I mean, are, the power of thp
facf^iQn (^ the nobles, your tamcf
fubmiiTion, and want cf authori-
ty ; afid aboye all, that innocency
is ndw attended wjth n)ore<langer|
^aA honour. Fof it is r^ly irkii
fome to me to remind ypu, how
infoleiitly you havebeen treated by
fome great men fbr thefe fifteen,
years laf^ and how bafdy the pa«
trops of your caufe were taken oS^
ivithput the leaft puniihpient in-
flidled upon thofe that were guilty
of it \ as alfo what a mean dauard**
ly fpirit you Ihew, who ftir i^ot in
yourowndefence, evennowwher!^
your enemies are at yoi^r mercy \
^nd are afraid of thofe, to whoql
you ought to be a terror. But tho'
matters be thus, yet I am determi-
ned to make a ftand againij the
po wer of the fa<5tion, I will try at
}eaft, the liberty that has been lefit,
me by my father ; but whethejr
that my endeavour ftiaU be attend^
ed wi^ fuccefs, or not, muft de- <
jj^end entirely upon you, gentlemen,

• XXXIV. Yet do I not advife
you to what your forefathers often
did, that is, to do yourfelves ju-
iftice by force of arms. No, there
is no occs^fton for violence, or
leaving the town. They muft
peeds be ruined by theirown way

• cipi-*

ii8

C/ CRISPi 'SALLUSTII

jcipites erant, Ocdfo Ti,
Graccho^ quem regnum
farare ajehant^ in ple-
hem ,Romanam quaflioncs
graves habita Junt. PoJ}
a Gracchi & M. Fulvii
Cisdem^ item orHinis ^e-
Jfri muliimqrtaics in car--
cete necati junt* Utriufm
que cladis non lex^ verum
hihido ' eorian finem feciti
Sedfane fuerit regni pa-
tatroy pfeffi jurd fua re-
Jiiiuefe: * 9uidquid fine
fong'Uinp''^'^criHttm ukifci
neqmfkry jure . faSfuni fit,
Sittf^ivf^biis^^ annis tdciti _
indt^ffahanffki ararium-
txpilari ; " ' teges &f ' populos
Mberos ', paucis nohiHhuf
'^e^igdt' 'pindere \ fenes '
iofdem ^ fummam glori^
am<i Cff maxumas divitias '
£^.' Tamcfi ' h/cc taliafa^
dnora impune fufcepijje^
parum • hahuere 5 itaque
pojlrem^ legeSj majejias
vejira^ divina ^ humana
omnia hojtihus ' traditd
funt. Neque ■ eosy qui ea
fecei-e^ pudet aut poeni^
tet \ fcd incedunt per ora
Vfjlra magnifici^ facerdo-
iia^ ^ ' confulatus^ pdrs
triumphss juos qfientan"
tes ; perinde quaft ea ho-
?Toriy non pradjs^ hahe^
dnt. Servi' csre parati
injujia •imperia doTnino-
rum non perferunt j -vos^
^irites^ imperio nati^
ivquo animo fervitutem
toleratis ? At' qui funt
hisi qui rem puhlicam oc^

of proceeding.' After Tiberius
Gracchus was flaiti, whom they
charged with a defign upon the fo-
vfereignfy, there was territ > exe-
cutipn done upon the comnions of
Rome. After the rtiurder.of C.
Gracchus aridM. Fujvius, agreat
fhany perfons of your rank werfe
put to death in prifori. Nor was
an end piit \o thdfe violent pro-
eeedingsby law ; biit the hutnoUr
only of thofe ^ thfft werer gOilty
thereof. But let * the attempt to
teftore the commonsto their rlght
jiafs for a defign; to feize the go-
vernment. Lctwhatcver caonot
be ptiniflied wtth6ilt fhedding*the
blood of our*'fellow.citfe2ens, be
warrantably fb done. For fonie
years paft, tho' you faid nothing,
^ yet you were full of indignatioh,
to fee the treafiiry robbed. Kings'
and free nations pay taxes to a'f6w
of the nobility, who lived in*: the
greateft height of glory and pkn-
ty. Nor did-lt fuffice them to go
unpuniftied for fuch ftrange con-
du6l: ; and therefore at laft your
laws, majefty, and ajl things di-
vine and hiiman, were betrayed
into the hands of your cnemies.
Nor are the perfons guihy of this
treafon, aftiamed of, or forry for
it ; but ftrut in- the moft ftately
manner before your eyes, priding
themfelve^ intheir facred dignities,
confulftiips, and triumphs, as if
they valued them ©nly for the ho-
nour arifing from tliem, and not
for the convenienc^ they ^hercby
hadof robbingthepublick* Slaves
bought with money, refufe to fub-
mit to the unreafonable infoleuce
of their maftej-s ; and 4<? yoii, gen-

culpa^

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM. 119

T

culpavere ? Mommsfie^
leratijumij cruet^tU 7(1(1"
nibuSy immani avaritiay
mcentijjimiy idemque fu'
perhijjkmi ; quibus JideSy
decusy pieiasj pojiremo
honejia' atque inhonejia
omnia quajiuijunt, Pars
eorum occidijfe. tribunos .
flebisy aiii quajiiones in-
jti/iasy pierique cadem in
VQS .fecijfey pro munimen^
to habent, , Ita^ quam
quifque pejfume fecit^ tam
maxume tutus eji, Me-
tum a Jcelere Juo ^ ad igna^
viam vejiram tranjiuie^
re \ quos omnis eadem cu-
pere^ eadem odijfey eadem
metuere in Mnum coegit*
Sed hac inter bonos ami-
citiay inter m^ilos fa^i^
eji.

hating, and fearing the fame
good men is friendfhip, but

XXXy, ^odfi vos
tam iibertatis curam hd"
beretisy quam ilii ad do^
minationem accenfi funt y
profe^Q neque refpubiicay
ficuii nuncy vajiaretur ;
l^ benejicia vejira penes
optumosy non audacijju^
moSy forent* Majores
vejiriy parandi jurisy fff
maje/iatis conjiituenda
gratiay bis per fecejftonem
armati Aventinum occu^
pavere. Vos pro Ubertate
quam ab iliis accepifiisy
nonne fumma ope nitemi^
ni ? atque eo vehementi-
uSy quo majus dedecus ejiy
partu amittere^ quam

tlemen, who were bom to domi-
nion, endure to be enflaved with
patience ? But who are thefe that
have got the management of af-
fairs into their hands ? The irioft
wicked, bloody^ avaricious, per-
nicious, infolent wretches^ whb
carry fiiith, honour, piety, and,
in Ihort, every tjiing honourabl^
or otherwife, to market. Some
have fecured themfelves by mur-
dering your Tribunes, others by
unjuft profecutions, ^nd.others a-*
gain by the murder of many a-
mongft yourfelves. And thus the
worfeany man behaveshimfelf, the
fafer he is. And inftead of tbeir
fearing you, left you fliould punifll
them fortheir wicke^nefs, you arc
fo bafc-fpirited, as to be anraid of
th^em i who are united amongfl:
themfelves by the conformity of
their difpofitions, as.all coveting,
things. And this union amon^
amongft the wicked, facSion.

XXXV. But if you had only
as great a concernfor the preferva-
tion of your liberty, as tliey havc
to acquire a defpotick power over
you, the publick would not be fo
wretchedly abufed, and your fa-
vours would falluponthebeft, and
not the moft audacious, of meq.
Your forefathers twice lcft the
tbwn in arms, and pofiefled them-
felves of the Aventihe mount, in
order to aflert their right, and e-
ftablifli their authority. And will
not you exert your utmoft endea-
vours in defence of the liberty you
have received from them? and
the more fo, the more ftiame it i^,
to lofe what has been once got,
than never to have acquired it at '

omni^

tio

t. CRISPI SAttiJStil

all. Sdme pethaps tnay ^ik, What
I wbuld have done then ? Td
which I anfwer^ that I would havi
thofe puruflied, who have betray-
ed the republick to the enemy, yet
noi in the way of violence or
fbrce ; whicl) how much focver
they may have defenred at your
hands, yet would be a part un-
worthy bfyou tpaft. No, thd
j^ijt deditittus ejl^ pro- way I would have yoil to proceed
feSfo jujjis vejlris obedif ' in, is that of a legal profecotiqn^

and the evidence of Jugurtha him-
felf. Who, if he has furrendered
in good eameft) will be obedient
to your orders. But if hc Aigbt
them, you may thereby judgewhat
kind of peace and fubmiffion that
is, by virtue whereof Tugurtha \%
to^eap impunity for alihis erimes,
a few great mcn immenfe riches,
^d the republick nothing but lofs
and difgrace. Unlefs. y ou are not
even yet weary of their tyranny,
and thofe times pleafe you bcn,
when kingdoms, the provinces,
laws, courts, war and peace^ and,
in ihort, all things whatever, both
divine and human, were at thc dif-
penes paucos erant i vos pofal of a few great men : Whilft
'fiuteniy hoc efl^ populus you the Romanpeople, theinvin-
** . -. . . ^j^jg Lords of the world, wcre

content with lifc alone. For which
of you durft ref ufe the yoke l And
yet, tho' I think it highly difho^
nourable for a mah to bear ill u-
fage with a tame fubmiffion, I
could be content you (hould par-i
don thofe wicked wretchcs, be-^
caufe they are your fenow-citi^
zens, if your compailion to thcai
would not end in your own de-*'
ftruftion.
funt^ aquQ animo paterer^ ni mifericordia in pemiciem cafurd

emnino non par)2viffe ?
Dicit aliquisj quid igitur
cenfes f Vindicandum in
eosj qui ho/fi prodidere
rempublicamy non manu^
neque vi (quod magis
' vos fecijpj quam illis ac
tidiffey indignum ejl )
verum que^ionibus Qin^
dicio tpftus yugurthtCi

eni erit', ftn ea contem^
niti fcilicet ajiumabitis^
qudlis illapax aut deditio
Jit, ex qua ad Jugur^
tbam fcelerum impunitasy
ad paucos potentis maxu^
ma divitia, in rempubU-
cam damna atque dedeco»
ra pervenerint, Nififorte
nondum etiam vos domi^
nationis eprum fatietas
tenet'y fj /V/t?, quam hac
tempora magis placent \
ctim regnay provincia, le-
geSy juray . judicia, bella
atque pacesy po/iremo di-
vina hf humana omnia

RofnanuSy inviSfi ab ho-
Jiibusy imperatores omni^
um gentiumy fatis hahe-
hatii animam retinere*
Nam fervitutem quidem
quis vejlrum^ audebat re-
cujare ? Atqne egOy ta^
metfi Jlagitiojiffufnum ex"
j/fumo impune injuriam
accepijfe ; tamen vos ho-
minibus Jceleratijfumis ig^
nofcercy quonia?n cives

BELLUM jUGURtHINUM. m

XX3CVI, Nam &f i7-
Uiy quantum in^rtuni"
^asfs babef^y parum eft
■ impune male fecijfe^ niji
4einde faciundi Hcentia
eripitur j 6f vobis aterna
/olicitudo remanebity cum
intellegetisy aut ferviun^
dum ejfe^ aut per manus
Mbertatem retinendam.
Nam Jidei ^uidem aut
concordia qua Jpe^ eji ?
Dondnari illi volunt^ vos
liberi ejjeyfacereilli in»
juriaSy vos prohibere^
Poftremo Jociis vejiris
. veluti hi/iibuly hoftibus
pro Jociis utuntur» Po^
teftne in tam divorjis
mentibus pax aut amicitia
ejfe? Sluare moneo hor-^
torque vos^ ne tantum
Jcelus impunitum dimitta^
tis. Non pecutatus ararit
fa6lus fb j neque per .
vim foctis erepta pecu-^
ma*y quay quamquam
gravia funt^ tamen con»
fuetudine jam pro nihik
habentur. Hofti acerrunw
frodita Jenati au£ioritaSy
proditum imperium ve-^
/irum ', domi Tmlitiaque
re/publica venalis fuit»
^ua niji quajitd eruntj
fiifi vindicatum in TwxioSj
quid erit reliquumy niji
ut iilisy quia ea fecere^ o^
hedientes vivamus ? Nam
impune qualibet facere^
id eji regem ejfe* Neque
egp vosy ^iriteSy Ijortor^
utijam malitis civis ve^
flros perperam^ quam rec^

XXXVL But fo violedt is
tbeir indination to mrfchief,, thac
the lettingthem go unpunifliod for
paft crimes will avail you nothing,
unlefs the power of committing
the like be taken from thcm for the
future : and you muft liveih per-
petual anxiety, whcn you find
yourfelves under a necemty o£be-
mgflaves, ormaintainingyourli-
berty by force of arms.. Forwhat
hopc is there of preferving faith
or concord amongft us ? They
are defirous to lord it over you^at
pleafure, you to be free ; thcy to
do mifchief, you to hinder it*' Fi-
naliy, thcy u|e your allies as ene-
mies, your enemics as allics* Caa
there bc any pcace or friendfliip ia
minds. fo dilFcrently difpofed ?
Whcreforel advife and bcfcech
you, not to let fuch villainy ^
unpuniflied^ Thecafcnowbeforp
you is not that of robbing tlu^
ueafury, oroppreifingyourallicsy
whicb tho' vciy gricvous tbiBg^
yet are grpwn u> fafliionable, tbat
they paft for triflcs only* The au-
thority of the Senate, and yoco*
mighty powcr, havc bcen betraycd
to your moft virulent ehcmy \ and
thc;commonwcalth fct tp fak both
at hpme and abroad. And unlefs
ftri(^enquiry be.madc into this
mifcondui^, andthcguUtybcpU-
niflied, ^at will be lcft for us>
but to livc in a flavifli fubjeflioR ■,
to thc villains ? For to do with \
impunity whatfocver a man plca^-
fcs, is to bc a King* I v^ould not .
hereby be thought to encourage
you to wifli your fellow-citizens
m^y be rather fouhd guilty, thab \
innoccnt ; but Quly ilot to paidon ^

\

t%%

e. CAim SALLUStU

d$ m4lisy bms pi^dituM
liff/k M hoc^ ih rtpHhlkfi
mubk prafiai^ henificii^
guafn mdeficii^ imrHerj^
reihijft. Btnus tahium'-
nutb Jegnivr fitf ubi neg^
Ugas y dt maius impro^
hior. Ad hocy fi iHJuriit
mn fotty hdttd pppe auxr
Hii ifg^as*

i

XKXVIL Hjttcdtque
ali» hi^itfcemodi fiipe
^icundo, C. MfsinmiUs
pppulo Romind perfuia-
dec,: uti Lt Csrffiiis, ^ui
tum {Mf^setor mti ad Ju-
giurtluim thitreretui: i
«timque^ int^fpofita fide
ptiUica, Roihakh duce^
itti ' ouo fe^ilius ihdicip
reg^ ^G^utiy fc. reliqilb.
rum, tpidft pec4intie capt^.
mxmiOa)Xi d^&A pate-.
j&eretit. Dum haec K&xsjBt
g^nti»^ qui in Numi:-
dia reliai ab Befiisl exer-
cttui pHbenmt^ fecuti
nAorem tmpetatoris fiii)
plurima fc fldgiti^dfifluma

facinora ftcdce. Fiierd^
t)Ui iaUM) corrttpti ek-
pkantoft Jugurthae trade^
rent; aIiit>^fit^Veiide-
rent ; pdins t^ P^^
pnfBdas agc^nt. Tcmla
avarithi in animos ecv-
rum^^ veliiti tabe% inva-

km, AtCafiius )>faBt6r$
pdrhta rt^gationie a C.
A^numio^ ac ^^ulfa
omni' n(>biHtat<?) »d Ju^
|uHfattm {iroficilbktti^i

. 3>

fuch as ihaH riially ap|>ear gmlty^
to the ruinbf theinnbcenti Befid^^
ih l^e axbnihiftrsMion of the go-
velrhtaeht, it is bfett^ to fofget a
kindhefi d6ne the pubUck, than axi
Offthcexommittedftgainftit; -Tfie
gocki mah only b^i:bme!s Itfs ihcli-
ned to ferve his wmntryj if ybU
ovelrlook him ; but the wicked be-
comes ffili woric. Befides, if ho
wickednfefs be afted againft- the
ftite^ you feldom waht alfiftance.

XXXVIL By Jrequ^nih^^ha^
rtitiguing thepeopk in ihiiMfoffSy
Afernmus perfuades them io^ find
L. Oajfiusy at that time 'Tr^oTj
to Juguttha tohring himto Rome
npon the pMickJhnihj in orikr to
ufi him as an etndence agoinfi
otaurusy dndthe tejt^ who wers
charged with ^takihg^ his mohey,
Whi^ ihefi things qre doing at
Romey they who were l^ hy JJr-
Jiid injfth the eommandtf fhe ar^
ihf/ inNurfudidj foBowing tht tx-
ampie ojtbeit generaii Wehfguihy

Sfa greai deal oj very Jcdndakus
ebtrtriour» Some were hHM to
return Jugnrtha^Mi >elephdfttSy
otbers tofeti him defiHerSj uthers
agdiH plufidered the country thdt
wns dtpeaee with «i. Toficch d
digree hdd covHouJnefsy hke the
plagncy iffe^ed thttr minds. Bvt
Ct^us tht Pratbrj t^on paffing
. ^the hill preftrrtd hy Sfernmus^
' to the gredt confiernation of0the
mhilkyy goes ffoet to yugarfhoy
tmd perfiiades hitn heing JoYefy
J^ghhdj and from djenfi oj hit
gtntt boking ttpon his cme dsdejht^
rattj Since he h^d fiiDmitted ta
the Romah people, not to hiake
ttial bf ttieii' power, ratfaer than

eiqug

/

B^hLVH JUGURTUmUM.

ttS

fn^ nt fHnh ^m mp'

wftefy eugagfd kis awn ftuA im
his hiha^ tuhiich iht ath^r yalusi
fts mch ns tbe puhKckfiutb itfi^^
jff melfen$ ich^rifaer bad Caf*

rikrdiam c/V> ^^rii^i fm ¥ tka$ tim..
malit^ Pflv^tipA pV^et^rea ^m Aiam inisipoBit^.qttam ill^
non iniQpri% qu9tm public^m, ducebat. T^a et ttinpeftat^
i^mi^ 4fli C^^o (srat.

XXXVin. fFkerefir^ Jugur.
ih4t 4omes ahug tuitb Qpjins ta
Mm^i mth Q v^ fiarry eqaifage^
mmk hebw tb$ ^guity afa frime^
j(tf4 tho* be had a gaotf beart up*
ffft the meftierj heing auouragid ijr
^ by wbrfe pmer aad rqguery
be h^d b^eu fiepperted \n his tuick-^
ei mngg^tnent, . abofue rebxtedi
fera^ qusf fupm memcora- yet he prevails witb C. Bahius^
viini4s, C» Bsrbium tribtt- fribtnne ef.ihe emmeees^ hy an

immfe tribey ta en^y aJl bis
in^udenee^ in arder ta prote^
hiui again^ ^igbtj emd aU mqu^
ner tf 01 uf^e. Bui C. Mtm^.
mius fiinmoning ihe peopk toge-.
ther^ altbo* ihey were mncb enra^
ged againt/l tbe King^ and finte
were for cbpping him in jail, and
ethers for puni(hing htm capitally»
accprciing to the ancknt Romai|
uifagei unlefs he difcovered tfaQ&
conqsmed with him in his wick-
ednefe^ yet Memmius^ I fay^ ha-^
ving tf regard t9 what bomur re^
fmredj ratber tban what paJRon
dire^ed, endewoured t» allay tbeir
hfat^ an4 moUify thetm defiaring
tam forCs Poft, wbi fi- finallyy tbat he however wouU
lentium coepit, produdo hav<s no hand in the violatbn of
Jiignrtba, verba facit ; tlie pubtick faith. Jnd at laft^
Ikom0 Numidiaque fa- whenfilence was obtainedy Jugur-^
cinora ejus memorat, tha being breught before the afi
fcelera in patrem fratref fembly^ hefpoke^^ and recounted all
^que ofti^it i qutbus ju^ his pranks at Rqme, and in Nu-

(^7, vanti^

XXXVm. I^tur Jw,
gurthat cgnti^ decu^ re«-
gium, cifltu qumn maxu-

m^ miffirtil^ ^n» Caffio
Romam v«nit, At» ^am^tQ
in ipfo ms^^ vis animi

erat, ci^BfiimatW ab om-
nibu^, qnorum pc^^nti^
aut U^Ux^ enn^ ea gef-

num jrfpbis m*«iia mw:e-
deparai, cujus impuden-
tia cQntraJHs H iajurids
omnis muaitu^, foret. At
C* Mem^iius, advocata
coneione, (quamquam
r^ infeft^ pld^es erat, U
pars in vincuUt duci jubor
bat, pars, ni focios fiele^
ris apprirety more majo'
rum de hofie fuppliciHm
fumi) dignitati magis,
quam irse, confulens, fe-

dare motus, ii animos
eorum mpllire; poftrem^
confirmare, fidem pu^
blicam per fefe inviola-

S14

C. CRlSPI SALLUSTII

varttibusy quibuique mini^
Jiris ea egerit^ quamquam
inteUigat populus Homa^
nusy tamen velle mani"
fefta magis ex illo habere j
Ji verum aperiaty in fide
i^ clementia' populi Jtor
mani magnam fpem iUi
ftam i Jin reticeatj non
fociis faluti fire^ fed fe
fuasque fpes corrupttirum,
Dein ubi Memmius 4i-
cendi fineQi fecit, & Jii-
gurtha refpon^ere juiliis
t&j C. Bsebiu^ tribunus
plebis, quem pecunia cor-
Fuptum fupra diximus,
Degem taccre jutet. Ac,
tametfi multitudo, quas
in cpncipne aderat, vehe-
menter accenfa, terrebat
eum clamore, vultu, faepe
impetu, atque aliis om-
nibus, quasirafieri amat,
vicit famen impudentia.
Ita populus, ludibrio ha-
bitus, ex cpncione difce-
dit. Jugurthae, Beftiae-
que^ & ceteiis, quos illa
quaeftio exagitabat, ani^
xni augefcunr.

XXXIX. Erat ea
tempeftate Romae Nu-
mida quidam
M&liiva, Culuflae filius,

MafinifTae nepos ; quiquia
i|i diflenfione regum, Ju-
gurthae advorfus fuerat,
dedita Cirta, & Athjerbale
interfe£io, profugus ejf
Africa abierat. Huic Sp.
Albinus, qni proxumo

midia 5 fetforthhis wicked beha^
viour toM^ards his father, and his
brothers; andgave hiMto under-
fiandj that tbo' the Rornan pedplc
knew by whofe afliiftance and fup-.
port he haddone all tlioie things,
yet tkey had a miAd to have ^
more full difcovery of the lame
frpm himfelf, which if he would
truly andfaith^ly make, hemight
depend upon the honour-and de-
m«icy of the Roman pcople; but
if not, he yroujd do his friends no
fervice, ahd would moreover blaft
all his own hopes entirely. When
Memmius had done fpeakingy and
^^ugurtha was ordered to r^fy^ C,
labiusj Tribune of the commonsy
ivho had beenjecured by good
bribej as Itook notice- abovcy com"
mands the King to hold his tongue,
And tho* the people there affembled
were mightify incenfed^ and did by
JhoutSj angry looks^ and violence
too very ofterij and allother means
that paffton diSiateSj endeavour to
deter himfrom his purpofej yet his
impudence prevailed, The people
. bHng thusfooledj brgke up and de-*
parted, Jugurtha^ Befliay and
the peji of themj againft whom
this enqutry was poinied^ took
hearttipon it»^

XXKlK^^Tiere was at ihat
tttne a certain Numidian at Romey
by name MaJJiva^ the fan of Gu^
luffa^ and grandfon of Majinijfay
who^ becaufe in the quarrel be-
twixt the ituo Kings^ he had been
Qgainjl Jugurtha^ when Cirta was
furrendereely and Atherbal put to
deathy had Jied out of Africa^ Sf^
AlbinuSj who the next year after
Bejiiaj wa^ Conful with ^ AH^

anno

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

125

anrto poft Beftiam cum
Q.Mmuck) Rufoconfu-
ktum gerebat, perfuadet,
i^oniam ex ftiipe Mafi-
niife {\ty Jugurtham ob
fcelera invidia cum metu
uigeat, regnum Numidiae
ab fenatu petat. Avidus
conful belli gerundi, mo-
, v^ri, quaim fenefccre, om-
nia malebat. Ipfi pro-
vincia Nymidia, Minucio
Macedonia evenerat.

Quse poftquam Mafiiva
agitare coepit j neque
Jugurthae in amicis fatis
prasfidii eft ; quod eorum
alium confcientia, alium
mala iama & timor animi
impediebat ; Bofnilcari
proxumo ac ma^me fi-
do fibi imperat, precioy
Jicuti multa confecerat^
injidiatores MaJJvva pa-
reti ac maxume cccultei
Jin id parum procedat^
quovis m$do Numidam
interficiat. Bomilcar

mature regis mahdata
cxfequitur; &, pdr hO'»
mines talis negotii artifi-
ces, itinera egreffiifque
cjusj poftremo loca, atque
tempora cunda explorat ;
dein, ubi res poftulabat,
infidias tendit. Igiturunus
€x eo numero, qui ad
caedem parati erant, paul-
io inconfultius Maflivam
aggreditur, illum obtrun-
cat ; fed ipfe deprehenfus,
multis hortaptibus, & in
primis Albino confule,
[ndiciym pro^tetur. Fit

nuckdS RufuSy perfuades himy fince
he was defcended from Mafiniffay
to aggravate the odioufnefs of ju-
gurtha^s crimesy and alarm him
witbfearSy by making his fuit to
' the &enahfor the kingdom of Nu'-
• midia. Tthe Conful being vaflly
dejirous of having the war contt-r
nued under his commandy wasfor
kindting a new flamcy rather than
have^ the oM ohe die awayi He
had got hy lot the province of Nu-
midiay MinuciusMacedonia. When
MaJJrua begun tojiir in the buji-
' ^5/^) yugurtha being not ahle to
depend upon the proteStion of his
friendsy becaufe fome wexe aifcou^
ragedftom meddling further m his
behalfy hy ajenfe of their guilt ;
others hy Jujhicions conceived of
thenty and their fears togethery
orders Bomilcafy a very near
relationy and heartily in his inte^
^fft^i to go to work in a way,
wherein he had carried many of
hi3 points, and hirc fome perfons
to take off Mafl[iva, and priv^ate-
ly, ifpoflible; but if that Ihould
not be found feafible, by any way
or means whatever. Bomilcar
quicklyputs the King^s orders in
execution ; and hy men well verjed
infuch fort of worky watches all
his motions andhaunts ; andwhen
the matter feemed ripefor //, lays
his plot. One ofthe rogues enga^
ged in the deftgn^ falls upon Maf-
JtvOy and kills hiwy hut in Jo un-^
guarded a mannery that he was
immediately apprehendedi and he-
ing urged hy manyy and efpecially
V Alhinus the Confuly to confefs who
fet him on worky he did fd, Bo^
i»ikar was profecuted upon /V, more

reu«

1*6

c, caispi sAt.i4USTn

reu$ n^agis e^ srquo bg^
i^oque, quajq^ ex jure g^iir
tiupri Bomilcar) (:Qines
ejus, qui Roipam f^de
pliblica veperant. At Ju-
gurtha, manifj^us tanti
jlceieris, non priu^ omifit
^ontra verum niti, quarn
animadvertit:, fuper grsi-
tiam ^tquQ pec^niafp fu-
am invidigm fzd^ effQ.
Jgi):ur, quamqiism \n
priore «^Atcme e^ .^niipis

quinquagiWa vgcjesded^-
, rat, regnp m^gis qu?H|
vadibys, (TQnfulens,' c}^
in ^i;midiam BQnriUca-.
rem ^imittjt ; veritvia, i^e
rejiqi)os popularis fri^tvs
inv^d^et parendi fibi, fi
d^ il]o fupplicium fump-
tun^ foret. ]^t ipfe paucis
diisbu^ eo^er^ prpf^^Slus
^, juiTus a f<sngtu Italia
^cedctr^. Sed pQ(U|uftf!n
Roma egrei&s eft, f^tur,
faep^ topitus e.o risfpicien^,
pQ(]^einp dixifl^, Urtev^
vemkmy & mafMre pe-
rituram^ Ji emptarem in-^
%i€7ierit>

XL. Interim Albinus,
renovato bello, com-
m^tum^ ilipendium,
aliaque, qu£ militibus
ufui forent, maturat in
Africam portare ; ac fta-
tim ipfe profe6tus, ut apte
i;;OiT>itia, quod tempus
haiid longe aberat, arniis,
aut deditio^e, aut quovis
modo bellum corjficer^t.
At contra Jugurtha tra-
liere pmnia, H alias, de-

JHfticey tha^ th»i of mHmh s*

gurtbay i^S^ hH 4om§ H Jtam
Hfan thf puhUekfititb. Sut JtH
guriha^ th' mniftfl^ guiHjt qf

/9 villainm 0/f^i 4i4 mt aiw

^er/aciJfg 4njun tke trutii, ^tilf

hf percei^jf^tliie A^m tftke iUng
m^i quitq t^ k^rifor e^H bis iifr ,
tfrefi anef fn^n^ iogethff 4n4
thereforf^ iU' in thi firft (f^io^n
h hd given ffty 0/ Ms /ritndsi

as i^ilfav Smik^^^ 4ppianmfej

yef ieing mre cpr^trnsd /ifr thet

prefervatim ^ bif iimdanfy tham

kis h(iilj bfjfffdl^ him QjfprivHfii

i^t^ Num4m famHg hj iha rj^
^ hif fubj^s jh(iuI4 he ^fraid ef
ebeying hitpy if 'be JhonU h >*-,

nijbed, Jrtdinafm ^i ffi^

he fiffnt emay ftimjil/^ being. or^
4fre4 by thi Senatf to dtp^ri out q/
Jtaly, It is reparted ^kitfh tkai
ei/i^rhetvifsgQt wt $/ Ropu, k^
/requentfy heked back'^ u^ithout/ay"
if*g etny thing i but atlaft kr^ie
q^t intotbe/e words^ that^the aily
wg^fobefpld, ^ndy^uldfpODbe
mnsA if it did but ipeet with a.
chapfnan, .

Xtr. The war being nmi repi^
vedj Jlkinus mak(?f hafte t^ trdvf"
pcrt into Jfrieci provijhnsj ntumyy
^nd other necejjkrifs for ihe armyY
andwent forthwith himfelfy th^t^
he might hy fme gfpirmSy thtfursf
r^nder of jugurthaj or by any
Gther meansy dfpfitch the war be^
fore the eleSii»nj whfcb w4S not
very far off, But on the other
hand^ yugurtba endeavoured to
fpin put ibe time^ and conirived
divcr^ means for tbat purpofe* Ht

in4e

BELLUM jUGDRrtttl^tJM. • liy

ihde ^ks teoi-ae ^tiidas
Facerej ^ollieeH deditio-
heitt, ^ccfeiiidi^. mttum
fimulare ; ihftahti cederci
& pauUo pb^ ne fui
diffidereut initarc ; ila
belli modo, itiodo jJicis
mora cbnfulem ludifieait.
Ac fUer^ qtd tutn Albi-
nuth haud ignarutti con-
filii regii exitttMhareht J
neijiie ek tanta propetiin-
tia t^fti fadle traaum bd-
luifa fo^ordia tha^s,^quam
dolo^ crederent.

XLL Sed poftquam,
dilapfp tfempbre» comi-
tiohiiri di6s advchtabat;
Albihus, Atilb fratre iil
caliris prbj^r^tbte rtliflxx,
Rotnafti decefilt. Esl
teihpeil^td Rbkn^ ftdlti^
ohibus tilbUhidis attodth*
refptiblica agltabatur. « P.
Lueuiius & L. Ahhiiis
tfibUni ptebis, ttfiifehti-
bus-cbllegis, cohtinuare
iria^ftratUfti hitebahtiir;
qiia^ diiTehfib totius aiihi
cbthitii iftijpedifebat. Ea
mora in fpeih 'addu^us
Aiilus, quefti piropraeto^
reih Incifttisi^iauhi fu^
pra dixiihus, aut confid-
uhdi belli, iUt tdrfore eit.
er^itu^ ab te^ petUnii^
c^i^iUhd^ ttullt^. tnibafb
J^hU^i-ib ^k hibtmis ih
cxpedilipttem ^tat ;
maghirque Itiridrlbus hie-
me ^ef^ bd-v^t ad
oppidum Suthul, ub{ re-
' ^i tottt. Qudd

pHfmfsd to fnrr^der^ ttni thrM
ijkict/y i^ctfid himfsjf^ jundef- pne^
mct 4ff dpprebtHdinjj^ iH ttpJS^.
fFhtn tht tHemy fnfMi hifn^ he
fled\ aHd firefknifyy fhr /hdf tJT
dffconra^fig hts fnen^ c^hit hfijkly
ih again. Jnd thns did hthifiol
iht Confkly tnt ^iie hy prettH^

' fims of^^aY^ ttHd ttmther ixihik
ihopofpieact. Thtre wtre fimt'
at ihat tiiHTy wh^o did heliM thii^
j^inus itas no jlranger td the
Kinp^s pfirp^ty tind thai ajkeV fo
TiMicv bafity the war was not pf^'
traiied fr^n vartlejhifsy hui de-*
ftgn. #

XLL 5«/ the time heing mw
tic^fed^ and ihi day of eki^bn at
bandy . jSbinns leave^ his hrothit
Aulus to fufply his phce in ihi
tan^y anagoes tb Romi, jftt that
tiHHe the "eofMonwtaUh v)ets fUt
intd gf-eat tojivnjpons kffime bHik
oiHong thtTribnnes. P. Liiad-'
/ff j, dnd Li jfHWiuSy THitines of
the tomritoniy prHtnded to Jhhid
tandrdates for ihi Mce iht next
yrafibOy wh^eih tmy were dppo-^

fedhy aji thti^r colteagnes ; which
d^n k(^i ojgrall fhe othifr^ ekc^
irons iiiewffe. Vpon otcoj/ioH if
thisdkhy^ Auysywhby kswthdinjt

jlfi faidy httd been lift Prbpt^o^
iH fht camp'y btingput ik h^s of
fithtr finijhing iht ivahy or tyctort-^

- ihg fnoney tn^ "tftht Kihgy by tht
terrour ofhi^ 'armyy draws bis foU
ditrsy in iht fhorAh of Januaryy

^ out^ thfiy wrn^^r-^uarie^s upoH
ffH txhtditiony vnfd lor^ by grtat
Tna^mSy iH aftvtrtftafony io thi
toxbn of S&ihut^ iohtre dil the
King^ trtafure liy. Whivhy iM-
ifxbuld ffbtie ekhH iaien^ ^ he*''
^. quam-

128

C. CRISPI SALLUStll

quamquam, & faevitia
temporis, & opportunita-
te loci, neque capi neque
obCderi poterat, (nam
circum murum fitum in
praerupti montis cxtremo
planicies limofa hiemali-
bus aquis paludem fece-
rat ) tamen, aut fimulan-
di gratia^ quo regi for-
midinem adderet, aut
cupidine caecus, ob thc-
feuros oppidi potiundi,
vineas agere, aggerem
jacere, aliaque, quae in-
coepto ufui forenr, pro-
perare.

XLII. At JugUrtha,
cognita vanitate atque
imperitia legati, fubdolus
ejus augere amentiam ;
mifiitare fupplicantis le-*
gatos; ipfe, quafi vita-
bundus, per falutofa loca
& tramttes exercitum
du£tare. Denique Auluitn
fpe padionis perpulit, uti,
relido Suthiue, in abdi-
tas regiones fefe, veluti
cedentem infequeretur ;
ita delida bccultiora fore.
Interea per homines cal-
lidos diu noduque cxerci-
tum tentabat. Centurio-
nes ducifque turmarum
partim, uti transfugerent,
corrumpere ; alii, figno
dato, locum uti defere-
rent. Qua: poftquam ex
fententia inftruxit ; in-
tempefte no£te de im-
provifo multitudine Nu-
midarum Auli caftra cir-
cumvenit. Milites Ro- *

fieged^ by reafon of the Jharpfiefs
ef tbe weather^ and the natural
firength tf the place \ for there
fjOas a perfeSf marjh made by the
winter^s rains quite round the
wally built upon the extremity of
a <rqggy mountain \ yet either hy
way offeinty to fright the , Kingy
or htinded with . a greedy dejire of
taking the town^ fir the_ hooty that
was in itj he began to form W-
«^^, to caji up a m^unt^ and
make other neceffary preparations
for an ajfauk upon the place.

XLIL iui ijohen fugurtha
found out the weaknefs qnd un-^
Jkilfulnefs * of the lieutenanty he
craftily contrived how to improve
his madnefs. He WQuld frequenily
fend deputies wiih very fubmijjive
mejfagesy and he himfelf as if m
purpofe t$ keep out of his way^
woutd often lead his army through
woody parts of tbe counfryy^ and
by-roads. Finallyy he tempted Au-
luSy by the hopes ofa good bargaiuy
to quii Suthuly andfollow him in^
to a lonely part of the country^ as
if he was Jlying before him^ but
in reality the better to conceal their
vile pranks. In the mean time^ he
was day qnd night tampering witb
the army^ byfome cunning agents»
Some centurions^ and officers of
horje-i he bribed to defert to hifJh
'and others to quit theirpo/is^ when
the ftgnal was giveh, j0er he
had thus madefuch preparations as
he thought proper^ very iinexpeif^
edly^ in fhe dead of the /light^ he
inchfes Aulus^i camp ^uite round^

mani

BELLUM jUGURTHINUM^

m

mani perculfi tumultu
infolito, anna capere alii i
alii fe abdet^ \ pars terri-
tos confirmare ; trepidare
omnibus lotis ; vis magna
hoftiumif coelum node
atque nubibus obfcura-
timi; periculuoi anceps;
jKiftremo, fugere, an ma-^
ntire, tutius foret, in inoir-
to erat. Sed ex eo nume-
ro, quos paullo ante cor-
ruptos <£ximus, cohors
\maL1gurum, cum dua-
bus turmis Thracumi &
paucjs gregariis militibus,
trai^fiere ad regem j &
centurio primi pili tertiae*
legionis per munitionem,
quam, uti defenderet,
acceperat, locum boftibus
introeundi dedit ; eaque
Numidise cunfti irrupere.
Noifari Ibeda fuga, plerique
abje£lis annis proxu^
mum ^collem occupavere*
Nox atque prseda ca{bro-
rum hoftis, quo minus vi-
£toria uterentur, remora-
ta funt, X)einde Jugurtha
poilero die cum Aulo in
coUoquio verba facit ; ta^
metji ipjitm cu^ exercitu
fdme ferroque claufum
tenety tamenfe^ memorem
rerwn humanayum^ fi fe-^
cum foeda facent^ incor-
lumes omnis Jui jugum
mijfurum \ pr^terecy uti
diehus decem Numidia de-^
cediret^ Q^^ gravia
qtiamquam & flagitii ple*
na erant ; tamen, quia
mortis metu mutabanmr.

nvith a vaji number of hfs Numi^
dians\ The Romanfoldters heing
alarnied with an unufual hurry a^
hout the camp^ fome of ihem took
armsy others hid themfehes^ fom
endeavoured ta encourage fucb as
werefrighted ', great confiernation
there was in au plaeesy tbe ene^
mies very nuinerous^ the night dark
and cloudy^ danger m au hands»
Finally it was impojftbk ta juifge^
whether it would befafer ie fiy<^ or
Jtay in the camp* But cfthe num^^
her ofthofe^ whoj I havejuftfaidj
hadibeen. bribedi one battabon rf
LigurianSy with two tr^s of
Thracian horfey andafew common*'
foldiersy went $vcr ta the King^ .
And a centurion of the firji rank
hehnging to the third legiony gave
the enemy entrance into the 'camp^
by thatpart ofthe rampart where
hewas pofiedfor ifs defencey ani
there ml the Numidians broie in*
Our men by a Jhameful fiighty and
tnofi ofthem throwing away their
armsy got offto a neighbouring hil/i
Nighty andthe plunder ofthe camp ^
hindered the . enemy from making .
adva^iage of their vi^ory* The
next d^y Jugurthay at a coi^erence -
witb Ju/usy told him, That tho'
he had hiih witb his army in hi$
power, diftrefled both by famin^
and fword, yet beingfenfible of th^

uncertaintyofhumanaffairs,ifh« •
would conclude a treaty with tum» ,
he would give qx^arter to ibe ar-
my, but (hou)d obUge them to
pals under the yoke ^ and fuither*
mcM^e infifted upon hi$ quitting
Ntimidia in ten day$. Jnd tho'
the ierms were kard a^id fcanda-^ .
hu5% yet thi fear of death^made
" R • ficuti

lio

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

ficuti r^i lubuerat, pax
convenit.

XLIIi. Scd, ubi ea
Romae comperta funt,
nictus atque moeror civl.
tatem invafere. Pars do-
lere pra gloria imperii
pars infoiita rerum belli-
carum timere libertati ;
Aulo omnes infefti> ac
maxume qui bello faepe
praeclari fuerant,- quod

, armahis dedecore potius,
qilam . manu, (alutem
quaejSverit. Ob ea conful
Albiniis, ex deIi£^o fratris
invidiam, ' ac deinde peri-
culum timens, fenatum
de foedere confulebat ; &
tamen interim exercitui
fupplementum fcribere ;
ab ibciis & nomine Lati-
np auxilia accerfere ; de-
nique omnibus modis fe-
ftinare. Senatus ita, uti
par fuetat, decemit, fuo
atque pbpuli injujju nul"
lum potuijfe fcedus fieri,
Conful, impcditus a tri-
bunis plebis, ne, quas
paraverat copias, fecum
portaret, paucS diebus in
Africam ■ pfdficifcitur.
Nam omniis cxerdtus,

* uti convenerati Numidia
deduftusinprovincia hi-
emabat; Poftquam eo
venit (quamquam perfe-
qui Jugurtham,- & medcri
fratemas invidiae animo
ard^at) cognitis militi-
bus, quos praetcr ftigam,
foluto impcrio, liccntia

them go down^ and a feace waf
accordingly concluded upon tbe cort^
ditions offered by the King. i

XLIll. Asfoon as the news of

all this was- carried to Rome^ the

citj was full 'of fear and forr&w

both. Sotne were conceirned for

the honour ofthe empife^', others^

unacquainted wtth the hufinefs-ef'-

war^ thought their liberty in dan^

ger, Allpeople were in a rage at

AuluSy but pf-incipally thofey wha

had often diftlnguijhed themfehes -

by their gallant behaviour tn the

wars^ that he^ when he had arms

* in his hand fbouldfave himfelf by

an infamous fubmiffion^ without

Jiriking ajiroke, Uppn this,'the

Conful Albinus being apprehenfivey

from the ill behaviour ' of his bro^

thery . of the publiek odium, and

danger thereby^ confulted the Se^

nate upon the late treaty of his -,

andyet at the fame time raifed re-

cruitsfor the army^ and Jent for

auxiSary Jhrces from the alaes,

and the people of Latium^ and

that with all pojftble expedition*

The SenatCy as it was Jit they

Jhuld^ voted^ That no valid treaty

couldbeconcluded, withouttheirs,

and the peopIe's authority forit,

The Conjul being mt Juffered hy

th,e Tribunes of the commons^ ta

carry with him the troops he bad

raifedy in a few days time went

overinto Africj^^thout thenu^For

all the armyy according to the late

agreementy hdd quitted Numidia^

and wintered in the province.

After his arrivaly altho^ he was

paffionately ^defirous to go in queft

ofyugurthay and wipe off the

odium occajioned by his brother's ill

. .aitqu«

^

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

13*

atque lafcivia, coituperat, conduSf ; yet finding the^ ill Jiate
ex copia rerum flatuit, thefoldiery were in^ not only^ from"
fibi nihil agitandum. iheir late defeaty hut the tuant tf

difcipline^ licence^ and wantonnefs^ wherehy his hrother had
dehauched them^ he refolved^ conftdering the had fttuation of
affairsy to he quiet, •

XLIV. In the mean time at

XLIV. IntereaRom»
C. Mamilius Limetanu3
tribunis ^lebis rogatio-
nem ad populum pro-
mulgat) ftti ' quareretur
in eoSy quorum conJUio
yugurtha fenati decreta
neglexiffet \ quique ah eo
in legationihusj aut impe-
riis pecunias. accepiffent ;
qui elephantos , quique
perfugcis tradidiffent \ ir
tem^ qui de pace aut hello
cum hqftihus paSliones fe-
affent. Huic rogationi
partim confcii • fibi, alii
ex partium invidia peri-
fula metuentes, quoniam
^perte refifterenQn pote-
rant, quin ilia, & alta
talia placere fibi fateren-
tur, occulte per amicos,
ac maxume per homines
nominis Latini, & focios

^ome^ C, Mamilius Limetanusy
Trihune of the commonSj ^refer^
red a hillio thepeople^ for appoint-
ing a commiilion of enquiry, for
the tryal of all thofe^ by whbfe en«
courag^ment Jugurtha had flight-p
cd the orders of the benatej and
fuch deputies or ton>m^nders, as
had taken money of theKingj fuch
as had deljvered up to him his ele-
phants and deferters; as alfo thofe
who had made any agreements
with the enemy; relating to peace
oj' war. Nowfuch as wre guiU
tyy and others apprehenfive ofdan"
ger from the odium ofth^ party
they had engaged in^ durfi ngt
openly op^ofp thisbill\ hutpretend-^
ed to he well pleafed with thify and
other the like proceedings ; yet un^
derhand endeavoured to hinder ifs
pqlJingy hy means of their frjends^
:ios and efpecially thofe of Jl,atiu?n, and
Italicos, impedimenta pa^ the alUes of Itafy^ But ft is in^?

rabant. Sed plebes, in-
credible mempratu t%
quantum intentk fuerit,
quantaque vi rog^tionem
jufierit, decrcverit, volu-
erit ; magis odio nobilita-

credihle tojayy how zealous the
people werefor the billy and with
whcft eagernefs they paffedit ; more
out ofhatredto the nobilityy againft
whom it was levelledy than out of
any concern for the publick weal ;
tis, ciii mala illa paraban- fo violent was thefury ofthe par^
tur, quam cura reipubli- ties at that time, fVherefore^
ca^: Tanta lubido in par- whilff albthe refl were heartily
tibus erat. Igitur caeteris frightedy M. Scaurusy who was a
{iietu perculfis, M. Scati- lieutenant-general of Befiia^^y as
rus, quem legituin Be- / have above faidy amidff the ex^
^se fuafie fupra memoiU- ultations ofthe commttn peopky the

R 2 vimus,

sSf^ V C. CRISPI SALLU3TII

vimus, intcr laetitiam fight of thofi if his f^rty^ and

gcbis & (Horum fuga^n, ^the diftraition of fhe\ towny pro-

epida etjam tum dvita- cured himfelf to f^e eh^n cne rf

tc, cum' ex Mamiliana the three commij/ioners appoinud

IPgataOfie tres quaeQtores hy Mamilius^s biU. But as the

rokarehtur, effecetat, ut comrhijjion was executed with

ipfe in eo nuihero creare- greqtfeverity and violencey in con^

XMX* Scd quaeftione exer- formity to vulgar report^ and the

cita a^)ere violehtcrque, humourof thepeople\ thefe^grew

cx rumore & lubidine at that time infaleKt upon their

plebis, utl faepe nobilita- fuctefs^ as the mhility hnd efitn

tem, fic ea . tempeftate beenbefore,
plebem cx Tecundis rebus
infolentia ceperat.

XLV. Caeterum tnos XLV, Nowtheparty of the

partitizh popularium^ & commonsy and the faSfims of the

fenati fa<^ionum,' ac de- SenatCy with all the ?niJchievouf

inde omnigim malarum pra^ices enfuingj took their rife

fcrtium, 'piXicis ante ^nnis at ItoTne but afew years heforey

Rom^ ortus eft, otio at- from idlenefsy and plentj ef fuch

ff^t abundantia Carum re- things a^ mankind are apt to Jet

Tum, qiiae pritna mortales ihebighefl vaiue upon. For hefore

ducunt, >3anl, anle Car- the deJiruMion of Garthagey the

tfaaginem deletam, po- peopte and Senate of Rome fhana^

pulus & fen^tus Roma- ged theif affaifs jointfyy in per-,

nus placide inodefteque fe^' harmony and moderatiofiy

inter • fe Vempublicam without the leajl hickering vpon
traftabant ; heque gloriae • accota^t tfglory dndpower, The

dominatiohis . certamen fear of their enemieS kept tfk city

mter civis erat; metiis, in goodorder. But when thai fear

hoftilis in bonis artibus was ndw no morcy then the con^

civitateni retinebat. Sed fiant attendants upon a ftcrte of

ubi formido iHa mentibus profperiiyy wantonnefs and frldey

deceffit, fcilicet ea, quae came into.fafl)ion, T^husthey hai

j^cundae res amant, lafci- nofooner attained what they had

via atque fuperbii incefle- wijhed fof^ in the time of their

re, Ita, quod in advorfis adverfttyy peace^ than they found

rebus' optayeraht, otium, 'ihe tnoji pernicious confequtnces

poftquam ' adepti fuht, from rty and their cafe to be really

afperius acerbiufque fuit. worfe ihan it was hejore* For the

Namque coepere nobi- hobitky begun to iurn their powery

litas dignitatem, ppputus and the people their libertyy inta

jibertatem in lubidinern licentioufnefs, Rapine and violenca

ycrtere j fibi quifque du- mw prevailed univerfaUy. And

BELLUM. JUQURTHINUM.

133

c^e» trahere> rapere. lit
omaix in duas p«ti$ ab-
(trada. funt, RdpuMica,
qu2e tnedia jfuerat) dilace-
rata. Caeterum nobiiitas
fst&iane magis pdlebat)
plebis vis foluta atque
dirper£^ ia multitudine
jninus poteraf; paucorum
arbitrio beili domique ref-
publica agitabatur ; p^es
eofdem aerarium, provin-
cise, magiftratus, gIoriae>
triumj^ique ctant ; po-
pulus militia, atque ino-
pia urgebatur ; prsedas
bellicas imperatores cum
pauds diripiebant. Interea
parentes, aut parvi liberi
ttiilitum, uti quifque po-
' tentiori confinis erat, fedi-
bus pellebantur. Ita cum
potentia ayaritia line
xnodo modeftiaque inva-
^ere, poUucre & vaftare
omnia ; nihii penfi nequc
fandi liabere, quoad fe-
met ipfa praecipitavit.
Nam, ubi primum ex
ncfcilitate reperti funt,
qui veram gloriam inju-
ffise potentiae antepone-
reht,^ moveri civitas, &
dififenfio civilis, * quafi
perinixtio terrae, griri
coepit.

XLVI. Nam, pofl:-
qiiam Tiberius & C.
Gracchus, quorum ma-
jores Punico, atque aliis
beliis multum reipublicae
addiderarit, vindicare ple-
Ijem in libertatem, &
paucorum fcelera patefa-

fhus was the tonmanwMlih rent
into twpartieSy by which it was
niiferahly tcrn to pieces . ThefaSfl-
m ^ftbe nohility prcved the ntofi
frevalents that of the commons
being more kofe and divided^ by
reafon oftheir numbersy was Bhii--
ged to give groundy w}?ereupon the
management of all ajfairs^ both in
peace and war^ feU into the hhnds
of afew, ^ They had the difftfal
tf the treafury\ provinces^ placesy
ghryy andtriumphs, The populaee
were opprejfed hy fervice in wars
and want, The generals^ with a
fewfriends^ made prize of all the
fpoifs^ofviSfory, In the mean time
theparents^ or the young chiidren
of thefildiers^ according as they
happenedto be neigbbours to any of
tbe grandeesy were forced from tbe
pojfeffion oftbeir ejiates. Thus did
avaricey in conjunSfion with pow*-
er^ feize^ ravage^ and lay wafie
all oefore ity without the leaft re*-
gardto moderation or mode/ly at
all \ without ibought or di/lin^i*.
ony ^till it plunged itfelf into ineX'*
tricahle difficulties. For asfoon ds
fome of the nobilityjiarted upy who
preferred true gtory before unjujt
power^ the city begun to be in ^
uproary and civil diJira£fion and
confufton^ not unlike a disjointittg
of the very earth itfelf to arifi
upon it,

XLVI. For after Tiberius and
C, GracchuSy whofe ancejlors bad^
in the Carthagintan and other
warSy been high/y ferviceable to th^
Jlate^ begun to ajfert the liherties
ofthe commonSy and to expofe the
wickednefs of the other party ; the
^nobility beingguiltyy and therefore

cere

m

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

ccre coepcrc ; nobilitas

lioxia, atque co percuifa,

inodo'pcr focios ac no-

ipicn Latinum, intcrduin

pcr cquites Romanos, quos

ipcs focietatis a plebedi-

xnoverat, Gracchopim

a6Konibu3 obviam ierat ;

i& primo Tiberivim, dein

'paucos poQr annos eadem

mgredienteip Cajum,

Tribunum plebis alte-

rum, alterum triumvirum

coloniis deducendis, cum

M. Fiilvip Flacco, ferro

necaverat, Et fane Grac-

chis, cupidinp vifioriaB,

haud fatis animus mode-

ratus fuit. Sed bono vinci

fatius eft, quam malp

more injuriam yir>cere.

Jgitur ea vidloria nobilitas

exluhidine fua ufa, mor^

talis muhos ferro aut fuga

extinxit ; plufque in reU-

quum fibi timoris, quam

potentiae, addidit ; quae

res plerumque magnas

civitates pefliim dedit ;

dum aheri aheros vincere

quovis modo, & yiitos

acerbius ulcifci yolunt.

Sed, de ftudiis partium,

& omnibus civitatis mo-

ribus, fi fingillatim aut ,

pro magnitudine parem

diflerere, tempus, quam

rcs, maturius deferet,

quamobrem ad incoep-

pxm redeo.

XLVII. Poft Auli
/oedus, exercitufque iloftri
foedam fugam, Metellus

undef terrihle apprehenjionsy did
one whtle by our Jtalian allieiy and
thofe . of Latium, another whiU
hy tbe Roman inightSj whom the
hopes ofjharing in the fpoil mzth
themy Ihd feparated from the in^
terejl of tbe comm$nSy endeavour
to oppofe the pretenjions of the
Gracchij and iiiled by the fword
TlberiuSj and afew years afier C.
purfuifig the fame meafureSy the
one a Tribune of the commnsy and
the other one ofthe three commif
fioners appointed fqr the planting
of cplonies ; as alfo M. Futuius
Flacehus. Andindeed the Gracchiy
from too keen <? defre of carrying
their pointy pujhed matters toofar.
But a good man would rather chufe
to be baffled in any caufcy than car^
ry it by^ ill meafures. Ti(herefore*
the nobility making a moft injolent
uje of their fuccefs in that flruggUy
put to deathy or banijhedygreat num-
bers afthe commonSy and rendered
themjehes for- thefuture more ter^
rihUy rather thari more powerful ;
a thing that has often proyed rui^
nous to mighty flatesy whilfi^itrties
are for fuhduing one another at any
ratCy and ujing their viSfory with
a yetrgeance upgn their enemteSy
when they have once got them un-
der, But Jhould I propoje t^ dcr
Jcant upon ,thefury ofpartieSy and
all the other corruptions of the city
at large^ and according to the ex^
tent of the fubje^y time would
fooner fail me^ than matter, J
Jkall therejore again take up tbe
thread ofmy hiflory.

XLVil. Jfter the treatj of
Aulus^ and the fcandalous refwn
ofour army into the previncey t'Je

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

135

& SUanus, confules defig-
nati, provincias intcr fe
partiverant ; Metelloque
Numidia cvenerat, acri
viro, & quamquam ad-
vcrfo populi partibus, fa-
ma tamcn aequabili & in-
violata, Is, ubi primum
magiftratum ingreflus eft,
alia omnia fibi cum colle-
ga commuma ratus, ad
bellum, quod gefturus
crat, animum intendit.
Igitur diffidens veteri ex-
ercitui,' milites .fcribcre,
prasfidia undique acccrfe-'
res arma, tela, equos,
& caetera inftrumenta
xnilitias parare ; ad hoc,
commeamm a^tim ; de-
nique omnia, quas in bcUo
vario, & rerum nxultarum
cgcntij ufui cfle folent.
Csetcrum ad ca patranda
fcnatus au£toritate, focij,

Confuls ete^y Metellus and Sila-'
nusy divided the provinces betwixt
them by kty and Nunudia fell to
Metellusy a brijk many ana th9*
an enemy to tie popular party^ yet
ofa general goocLcbaraSfery and
vjithout blemijh, Jsfoon ashe en-
t^red upon his officep thinking all
other things concerned his col-
league as much as him^ he applied
himfelf to make preparations for
the ivar he was t^ command in^ ^as
what was his proper and peculiar
bujinefs. Whereforcy asheputna
great confid^nce in the old army^
he made new leviesy and fentfor
troops from all partSy andprovid"
ed arms of att fortSy horjesy arid
other inftruments of war^ bejides
plenty of provifions ; and finally^
all things neceffaryfor a war^ that
would require no fmatt variety»
Andto helpforward the bufinefs^
the Senate contributed their autho^

rit^y our aUies and the LatinSy and
nomenque Latinum, & foreignprinces tooy fent in troops of
reges ultro auxilia mit- their own accord; andfinallyy the

whole city exerted itfelfjirenuoufiy
upon the occ^fion, yFhereforcy
when now att things were prepa^^
redy and regulatedy to his ^mindy
he pajps over into Numidia^ whilfi
the Komans were now att infuU
expe£fation offuccefsy as wett be-*
caufe ofthe other excettent quali^
ties of the generaly as efpeciattyy
hecaufe hehada^foul invincibly for-'
tified againjl the temptaiion oj mo^
ney ; whereas our affairs in Africa
had been ruinedy and thejlrength
ofthe enemy increafedy by the </-
varice ofour own commanders*

XLVIII. But after his arrival
in j^fricay the army ofthe Procon-*

tendo, poftremo omnis
civitas fummo ftudio ad-
nitebatur. Itaque, cx
fentcntia omnibus rcbus
paratis compofitifquc, in
Numidiam proiicifcitur,
magna fpe civium, cum
propter artis bonas, tum
-iniaxume quod advorfum
divitias invi£him ani-
mum gerebat ; & avaritia
ihagiftratuum ante id
tQmpus in Numidia no-
ftrae opes contufx, -hofti-
umque au£bs crant.

XLVIII. Sed, ubi in
Africam vcnit, cxercitus

a

136

Cv CRISPI SAiLUSTIl

ci traditur Sp. Albini
proconfulis, iners, im-
bellis, neque periculi, ne-
que laboris patiehs, lingua,
quam manu, promptior,
pr^dator ex fociis, & ipfe
praeda hdftium^fine im^

ferio & modeftia habitus,
ta fmperatori hovo plus
ex malis moribus folicitu-
dinis, quam ex copia mi-
litum auxilii, aut bon^
fpei, accedebat. Statuit
tamen Metellus, (quam-
quam & aeftivorum tem-
pus comitiorum moraim-
minuerat, & exfpe<Satio-
ne eventi civium animos
jntentos putabat) non
prius bellum attingere,
quam majorum difciplina
milites laborarc coegiffet.
Nam Albinus, Auli fra-
tris exercitufque clade
perculfus, poftquam de-
creverat non cgredi pro-
vincia, quantum temporis
^ftivorum in imperio
fuit, plerumque milites
in ftativis caftris habebat ;
nifx cum odos, aut pabuli
egeftas, locum mutare
fubegerat. Sed neque mo-
re militari vigilise deduce-
bantur Uti Cuique iu-
bebat, ab fignis aberat.
I^ixae permifti cum mili-
tibus diu no6luque vaga-
bantur -, &c palantes agros *
vaftare, viUas expugnare,
pecoris & mancipiorum
prsdas certarites agere ;
caqtle mutare cum mer-
c^toxibus vino advectitio.

ful Sp. jObinus tum deliverfd upio
himy not at all difpofsd fir a£iigny
but heartlefi^ andnettber eapahU of
enduring danger orfatiguey zauch
more ready wilh their tongues tban
their handsy accii/lomed ta plunder
the alliesy vshiyl they theznfelves
were a prey tif the enemjy as being
under na preper commandy in m
crder at alL Thus tbe new ^ene^
ral had more trouble with the w-
cious manners of tbe foUierSy than
he had either help or hope JtQm
their nurnbers. Howevery Jdetel-
lus was refolvedy HotwithJiancBng
the latenefs ofthe ele£lion had left
but a Jhort time for that year*s
campaigny and bfi did fuppofe, that
the minds of the people at Rome
would wait ihe i^ue if tbe war
wiih impatienccy mt to enter up*
. on a^iony ^till he hadbydue difci*
pline brought the fobtiers to beaf
fatigue. For Aliinus bein^ quite
difmayed with ihe hte defeat oj
the army under the cotnmand of
his brothery and refolving therC"
upon not tofiir out ofthe provincey
kept the foldiersy during the time
of his command that fummery in
Jianding ccmpSy mhich he changed
noty ^till the Jltench of themy or
the want offdrage^ obfiged him ta
be gone. But neither was the watch
kept^ as is ufudl in war ; and eve"
ry man Jtrolled froni the camp at
pleafure ; and tbe fervantSy toge*
ther with the foIdierSy run about
night and day^ wq/Iing the cpun"
try^ and forcing gentlemen^s hm--
fcsy carried off vajl numbers of
catthy and Jlaves continuaJIyy and
exchanged them ioith merchants
for wine they brou^ht them^ and

BELLUM JUGURTHINUMi

>^

& alHs talibus. /Praeterea)
frumentum pubJice da-
tum vendere, panem in
dies mercari. Poilremo,
quaecumque dici aut fingi
queunt ignavise lu^uriae*
que probra, in illo exer-
citu cunda fuere, & alia
amplius.

XLIX. Sed in ea dif-
ficultate Metellum non
minus, quam in rebus
hoililibus, magnum &
fapientem virum* fuifle
comperiorj tanta tem-
peranti^ inter ambitio-
nem fsvitiamque mode-
ratum. Namque edidio
primo adjumenta ignavias
fufhlliQe, ne quifquam in
cajiris pdnem^ aut quim
aiium cibumL co^um ven-
derety ne Uxa exercitum
fequerentur ; ne tmUs
gregarius in caftrisy nepe
in agmine firvum^ aut
jumentum hah^ret. Cse-
teris arte modum flktuif-
fe. Praeterea, tranfvorfis
itineribus quotidie caflra
movere ; juxta, ac fi ho-
ftcs adeflent, vallo at-
que fofla munirej vigi-
)ias crebras ponere» & ea$
ipfe cum legatis circuire ;
item in agmine in primi^
modoy modo in poflre*
mis> faepe in medio adeflb,
nequifq^uam ordineegre-
jderetur > uti cum fignis
frequentes incedertnt, mi-
les cibum & arma portar
ret. Ita prohibendo^ a
deli^ magis, quajn ^n-

otherfuchthings. BefideSytheywouId
fellthe corn allowed ihem by the
government^ and huy bread every
day, In Jhorty all the moflrftan-^
dakus effeSfs ofidlenefs and luxu^
ry^ that can be meniioned or ima^
ginedy were every one of them in
that armyy andmore too,

XLIX. But I find Metettm

fhewed himfelf as great gnd able

a man under this difficulty^ as in

his condu£f againft the enemy; be

obferved fo ,due a mean h)itwixt

fneaking to gain thefavour of his

troops, and cruelty, For tn the

firfl placcy he ordered out of the

camp by proclamationy aU thefup-^

ports ofidIenefs'y as that nobody

fbould fcll bread, oc any. other

drefTed viduais, in the camp ; that

no fetchers of wood fhould foUow

the army, nor any common fol-

dier have in the camp» or upon a

march,. a fervant, or any beafl of

burden. And in refpek ofother

thingSj was very fparing in his

allowance of themi Befides, he

woutd daily march his army^ not

direffly forwardy hut to the right

and left altem^tefyy andfecure his

camp by a rampart and ditchy yuft as

ifan enemy was at hand\ ,kept due

watch in the fame^ and went the

rounds himfel/y attended by his lieu-

tenant^generals ; and upon a marchy

be wouI4 fometimes he in the van^

fhmetimes in the rear.y and often-

titne^ irfthe mofin body.y tofie that

no manjguitted his r<ank\ hut all

. duly attmded their own ft^ndardsy,

and carried their own provyions

andcirms. Thus in ajhort time he

infded vigour andjpirit into his

S dicandc^

138

C. CRISPI SALLUStll

dicandO) exercitum brevi
confirniavit.

L. Interea Jiigurtha^
. ubi, quae Metellus age-
bat, ex nunciis accepit,
.fimul de innocentia .ejus
certior Romae fadus, dif-
fidere fuis rebys, ac tum
dcmum veram deditio-
nem facere conatus eft.
Igitur legatos ad confu-
lem cum fuppliciis mittit,
qui tantummodo ipfi li-
berifque vitani peterent,
alia omnia deder^nt po-
pulo Romano. Sed Me-
tello jam antea experi-
mentis cognitum erat,
genus Numidarum infi-
dum, ingenio mobili, no-
varum rerum avidum ef-
fe. Itaque legatos alium
ab alio diverfos aggredi-
tur; ac paullatim ten-
tando, poftquam ' oppor-
tusios fibi cognovit, mul-
ta pollicendo perfuadet,
uti yuguriham maxume
vivuTriy Jin id farutn prO"
cedat^ necatum Jibi trade-
renty caeterum palam,
quae ex voluntate forent,
regi nunciari jubet, Dein
ipie paucis diebus intento
atque infefto exercitu in
.Numidiam procedit; ubi,
contra belli faciem, tu-
guria plena hominum,
pecora, cultorefque irt
agris erant \ ex oppidis &
ms^alibus praefe£^i regis
obviam procedebant, pa-
rati frumeiitum dgre^

army^ rather hy keeping themfrom
the breach of orderSy than punijb-
ing them»

L. In the mean time^ J^g^'^-
tha being advjfed of what Metel-
lus was doing^ and having been in-
formed at Rome of his integrityy
begun noiu to defpair of juccefs in
the war^ and to think of making
afurrender of himfelf in good ear-
nefl. TVherefore he difpatches mef
fengers to the Conful^ to capitulate
only for the lives of himfelf and
children^ fubmitting every thing
bejides to the pleajure of the Ro-
man people. But Metellus had be^
fore fotmd fuffciently by experience
the nation of the Numidians to be
faithlefsy fickUy and. fond ff
change, ' tVherefore he tampers
with the meffengers apart^ and
when by fifting rf themj he found
themfor his purpofcy he hy large
promifes perfuades thern^ to deli-
ver up to him Jugurtha alive, if
poffible, but if not, dead. But
openly orders them to carry an an^
fwer to the King^ agreeable to his
deftre. And a few days after
nitirches into Numidia with his ar-
my readyfor aSfion ; where there
was not the leajl appearance of
war^ the country houfes being fuU
of men^ and the lands of cattle^
and people at work upon their
ground: the King*s governors too
came from the towns and cot-
tages to meet AletelluSj ready
tofurnijh him with corn^ an4 other
provifions ; ' and in Jhort^ to exe^
cute all his commands whatever.
- But Metellus notwithjianding^
mafchedwith his army inafojiure
of defencr^ as if the enemy wa&

comme-

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

139

#ommeatum portare ; at han4 ; /^nt his fcouis into all
poftremo , omnia^ quas quarters, romd^ as looking upon
imperarentur,. " facere. thofe tokens of fubmiffton defigned
Neque Metellus idcirco forfhew only^ and in order to tre^
minus, fed, pariter ac fi pan him: IVherefore he merched

in the van^ attenaed by fom$ bat^
talions clear ofbaggage^ anda.bo^
dy offlingers and archers, Jn the
rear commanded his lieutenant-ge- .
neral C. Afarius ivith the horfe ;:
and the auxiliary horfe he difpofed^
of in the fianks^ under the com^
mandofthe Tribunes of the legi-y
anSj and the csmmanders of the^
l^attalionsy with which were mi^-- -
ed fome light-armed foot ; and
all this he did in order to repulfe ■
the enemfshorfe^ in wbat quarter
foever they JhouM make their at--
tack. For yugurtha was a man
vffo much fubtilty^ and fo^ well
acquainted with tbe country^ and
the buftnefs of war^ that it was
hard to fay^ whether he w$is more
mifchievouSy when abfent or pre^
Jugurtha tantus dolus, fent^ in peace or war,
t^ntaqu^ peritia locorum & jiiilitiae ergt, ut, abfens an prsefens,
pacem an bellunj gerens, perniciofior effet, in incerto haberetur, •
LL Erat haud longe . LL There was notfarfrom the

rout Metellus was tn^ a town of
the Numidians^ called Vacca^ 4
place ofthe greatejl trade of any
in the kingdom^ where a great
many Jtalian mtrchants were fet^
iime celebratum ; ubi & tled^ upon account of traffick^
in<;:olere & jiiercari con- MeteUus^ as weU ta try the fub^

mlffion of the people^ as upon ac^
count of the advantages of the
placey put a garrifon into it { and
further made a demand of corn^
and other neceffaries fbr his army^
impofuit ; prseterea . im- fuppofmg^ as it was natu^al to do^
peravit frumentum, & that the great numher of nter"
^lla^ quap bellp ufqi fp- chants there would b^ very conve-^

S ^ ' rcnt.

hoftes adeflent, munilo
agmine incedere, late cx-
plorare omnia, iUa dedi-
tionis figna^oftentui cre-
dere, & infidiis locum
tentare. Itaque ipfe cum
expeditis qohortibus, i-r
tem funditorum & fagit-
tariorum deleda manu
apud primo§ crat. In po-
ftremo C. Marius lega-
tus cum equitibus cura-
bat. In utrumque latus
equites auxiliarios tribu-
nis legionum & prasfedlis
cohortjum difpertiverat ;
uti cum his permixti ve-
lites, (juocumque accede-
rent, equitatus hoftium
prppulfarent. Nam in

ab eo itinere, quo MeteJ-
lus pergebat, oppidum
Numidarum, nomine
Vacca, forum rerum ve-
aalium totius regni max-

fueverant Italici generis
multi mortales. Huc con-
ful, fimul tentandi gratia,
&, fi paterentur oppor-
tunitates loci, praefidium

* /

H^

C* CRISPI 6ALLUSTII

rent, cotnportar^; ratus
}d, quo^ res mon^t, fre-
quentiam negotiatorum
& comnneatum juvatu-
rum exercitum, & jam
paratis r^us munime^to
forc. Iiiter haec negotia
Jugurtha impenfius mo-
do legato$ fupplices mit-
tere, pacem^orare, prae-
tcr fuam libcrorumque
vitam omnia I^etello de-
dere. Quos item, uti priq-
res, conful illedos ad pro-
ditionem domum dimit-
tebat j regi paccm, quam
poftuiabat, neque abnue-
re, ncque poUiceri, & in-
tcr eas moras promifla lc^^
gatorunj exfpoaarc,

LIL Jugurtha, ubi
Metclli dixJla cum faftis
• comppfiiit, ac fuis fe ar-
tibus ^ntari animadver-
tit, ( quippe cui verbis
pax nnnciabatur, c^c-
rwm re beitum afpcrri-
mum erat, urbs tnaxima
alienata, age^' hoftibus
cognitus, animi popula-
rium tentati) coaflus re-
rum neceffitudine, ftatuit
armis certarc. Igitur,
cxplorato hoftium itinere,
in fpem vicftoriae adduc-
tus, ex opportunitate lo-
ci, quam maxumas po-
teft copias omnium gc-
perum parat, acper trt-
mites occultos exercitum
Metelli antevenit. Erat
in ea parte Numidiae,
quam Atherbalin divifi-
one pofledcraf, flumen^

nient^or the fnpplytng his troeps
wHh provijions^ and a means io
fecure bis conquefts, In the mean
iimey yuguriha was cantinualfy
fending mejfengers^ and hegging
peace in"the moji fubmijjive man^
ner^ leaving all fhings to ihe dtf-
pofal ofMeteliuSy bm his own and
tts children^s ; lives whom ihe Con^
Jul wheedled into a dejign of he-
traying their majier^ as he had
done hy thoje that werefent before^
neitheir abfolutely refufmgy nor
promijing the Xing thi peace he
dejiredy bui in the mean tvhile
waiting the execution of' ihe pro-'
mifes made him by the mejfengers.

• Ltl. Jugurtha eomparing Hde^

tellus^t vjords with his 'deeds^ and

finding himjelf attatked by the

arts h^ himjeif had' before praiii^

fedy as havtngy notioith^iinding

tht hopesgiveH hiht of a peace^ a

veryjmartwar upon his hands^ the

principal city in %is kingdom^ heing

taken from h,imj the country well

known to the enemyy And his fub-

je^s tamPered wiih to Jiduce them

from their allegiance^ veing forced

by the necefftty ' of his affairs^ he

refolved to give battle to 'Metellus,

Jvherefore having goi fufficient in"

telligcnce ofthe march of ihe cnjLe-

my^ and being in hopes of a vi^o^

ry from the advantage their fitU"

'atfon prefen^edy he raifes aS great

a force as pojjihle^i of both borfe

andfoot \ and byfome private crofi

routs gets ^efore Metellus*s army,

Yhere was in that part of Numi-^

didy which Atherhal hady upon

oriens

l' *'*"*• l' •

BELtUM" JUGtJRTHlNtJM. i+i

oriens a mericiie, nomine
Muthul ; quo ' aberat
mons fermc millia paffu-
um vlginti, tradhi pari,
vaftus ab natura & hu-
rpano cultu ; fed ex eo
medio quafi coUis orieba-
tur, in immenfum perti-
nens, veftitus oleaflro ac
myttetis, • aliifque gene-
ribus arborum, quse hu-
mi arido atque arenofo
gignuntur. Media autem
pianicies deferta, penuria
aquae, praet^ fluminis
propinqua loca. Ea con-
fita arbuftis, pecore atque
cultoribus frequentaban-
tur.

LIII. Igitur in eo col-
le, quem tranfvorfo itine-
re porreftum docuimus,
Jugurtha exteniiata fuo-
rom acie confedit ; el^-
phantis & parti copiarum
pbdefti^ium Bomikarem
praefecit ? eumque edocet
quae ageret. Ipfe propior
montemcum omni equi-
t^tu & peditibus dele<ftis
fuos collocat , dein fingu-
las turmas & manipulos
circumiens monet atque
obteftatur, «//, memores
prifiln/t virtutis Jff vlSio-
riay Jefe regnumque fuum
ab Romanorufn avaritia
defendant* Cum his ceria^
menfore^ quos dntea viSfos
fub jugum miferint ; ducem
illisy non animum^ muta"
tum. ^u^ ah . imperatore
decuerinty omniq fuis pro-
^ifa ^ iocum Juperiorem

the divijion thereof^ a rivtr run^
rdngfrom ihefouw^ by mame Mu*
thul^at about ttueitty miles diftance
from whichy there ivas a mcuntain
parallel to the river^ wafte and
uncuitivatedy from the middle of
which rofe a hill of vaji heighty
covered with wild diveSy myrtUsy
and other treesy which are apt t^
grow in a dry fandy foiL The
piain betwixt the river and moun^
tain, was all defert for want of
watery except tbe parts border^
ing upon the river. Thofe were
full of hrufhwoody cattUy and
inhabitants.

LIII. In ihis hilly whichy we'
have already taken noiiccy lay a^
crofs the rout Metellus wds takingj
Jugurtha fat down with his arfriy^
Jiretched out to a great length.
He gave the command of the eU^
phantSy with a partofthe infan-
tryy to Bomilcary and inJiruSfs'
him what to do. ^HepoJis himfelf
nigher the mountainy with all tbe'
horfcy and the choiceji ofthefoot ;
and then ridlng round the feVeral
troops and companieSy he begs and
befeeches themy to be mindful of
their former bravery and fuccefs,
and to defend themfelves and his
dominions for the avarice of the'
Romans. They were now to en-
gage with thofe, whom they had ■
before conquered, and obliged to
pafs under the yoke ; that they
had only changed theif gene-
ral, not their temper. That he
had madeall the preparations for
the battle, that could be expedled

. uti

142

C. CRISPI SALLTJSTn

uti prudent^s cum imperi'^
tisy ne. pauciores cumplu^
rihus^ aut rudes cum bello
Tnelioribus manum confere-
rsnt, Proinde parati in-
ientique ejjenty Jigno dato
Rotnanos mvadere \ illum
diem aut omnis laborcs &
niiSIorias confirmaturum^
aut maxumarum arumna^
rum initium fore* Ad
hoc viritim, uti quemque
ob niilitare facinus pecu-

, niaaut honore extulerat^'
commonefacere beneficii
lui, & ' eum' ipfum aliis
oftentare, Poftremo, pro
cujufque ingenio pollicen-
do> minitando, obteftan-
<lo^ alium ,alio modo -ex-
' citare ; cum interlm
Metellus^ ignarus , hofti-
itm, . monts degrediens
cVim exercitu confpicaba-
tur. Prlmo dubius, quid
nam infplita Tacies often:
deret ( nam inter virgul-
ta equi Numidiasque con-
f^fderant, neque plane oc-
cultati humilitate arbo-
Tum, ,& tamen incerti
quidoam effet, cum natu-
Ta ioci turp dplo ipfi atque
, figna militaria obfcurati )
dein, brevi cognitis . infi-»
diis, paullifper agmen
conftituit. Ibi commu-
tatis ordinibys, in dextro

, latere, quod proxumum
hoftis erat, triplicibus fub-
fidiis aciem' inftruxit j in-
ter manipulos funditores
jj^ fagittarios difpcrtit, e-
<juitatum pmnep in qor-

. frorti acommander ; fo that thtCT
had the advantage of the grDuna,

. furprize, nurhbers, ^nd ftill in
v^ar, on their fide ; and therefore
ought to be upon their guard, and
ready, wlien the fignal (hould be
given, to fall upon the Romans,
That that d^y wquld eitber fecure
to them the fruits of their fonnpr
labours andvi«itories, orprovethe
beginning of the moft extreme mi-
fery. Bejldes^ he addreffed him-
flf fmgly to fuch as he had for
their gallant behaviour raifed to
riches or honour^ put them in mind
of his ^indnefs^ and Jhewed them
to the rejl^ In Jhorty he endea-
voured to rouze the courage of one
in one wdy^ and another another^
ly promifing^ th/e.atningy or en-
treqting them^ according to their
feveral tempers, TVhilft in the
meari time Metellus^ being not a-
wareofthe enemy^ wasjpiedcoming
down ihe mourdain with his army,
And being at firfi in fome douht^

' what that unufual appearance ■
Jhould mgan ( for the Numidians
with their hcrfes were among the
brujhivood^ but not fujfiiciently^ co-
vered^ by reafon of the lownsfs of
the trees^ nor yet appearing fo as
to difcover what thcy were^ as he-^
i?ig themfelves and thcir Jfandards
conccalea by the nature of ihe
placc^ and otherzvays defignedly )
but in a Jhbrt time pcrceiving the

Jiratagerri of the enemy^ he arde-
red his army to halt a little ; and
then altering the_ dljfofilioh there-
ofy he reinforced it in the right
wing^ which was* next the enemy^
with three feveral bodies of re-
ferycs^ for their fi9pport^ if occa-

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

m

tiibus locat ; ac pauca pro
tcmpore milites hortatus,
aciem) ficuH inftruxerat,
tranfvorfis principiis in
planum deducit.

LIV. Sed, ubiNumi-
das quietos, neque colle
degr^i animadvertit, ve-
ritus ex anni tempore&
inopia aquse, ne fiti con-
ficeretur exercitus, Ru-
tilium legatum cum ex-
peditis cohortibus, & parte
equitum, praemifit ad flu-
men, uti locum caftris
antecaperet ; exiftumans
hoftis crebro impetu, &
tranfvorfis proeliis, iter
(uum remoraturos ; &,
quoniam armis diftide-
rent, laffitudinem & fitim
militum tentaturos. Dein
ipfe pro re atque loco, fi-
cuti monte defcenderat,
pauUatim procedere ; Ma-
rium poft principia habe-
re ; ipfe cum finiftrae alse
equitibus eife, qui in ag-
mine principes fadi erant.
At Jugurtha, ubi extre-
mum agmen Metelli pri-
mos fuos prastergreflum
videt, praefidio quafi du-
um millium peditum
montem occupat, qua
Metellus defcenderat ; ne
forte cedentibus adver-
fariis receptui, ac poft
munimento foret ; dcin,
repente figno dato, hoftis
invadit. Numidi^ alii

Jidn reqnired \ dijirihutes the Jling'^
ers and archers amongli thefeve^
ral companieSy and piaces all the
horfe irt the wingSy and nAxking a
Jhort ffeech fuitable to the occajion^
for the encouragement of his men^
be dreiv dovjn his army into the
plain.

LIV. But finding the Numidi-
ans keep their ground^ withcut
offering to quit the hilly and feflr-
ingfrom the feafon of the year^
andthe want of water in thoje
partSj leji his crrmy fhonid he di-
Jireffed hy thirji^ hefent bis lietcte^
nant-general RutiliuSj with a
light detachment of infantry^ and
part of the cavalry^ down to
the rivery tofecure a proper piace
for his campy as fuppofmg the ene^
mj woitidy hyfrequent attacks upon
their Jiankj endeaveur to retard
their march ; ' and as they had //V-
iie hopes of fuceeding hy force cf
armSj wouid endeavour to dijirefs
our foidiers hy continual fatigue
and thir/i. Upon this he advan^
ced ieifttreiy^ in thefame order as
he came doivn the mountain^ fifi^^
as the nature of the place would
admit, H^ kept Marius hehind
the principes ; he marched with
tbe horfe of the left wingy who
were now become the foremoji in
the march. But when ^ugurtha
faw that the rear of Meteiius was
now got by his van^ he feizes up^
on the mountain Meteiius had quit"
tedy with a body of two thoufand
vurty that tl?e enemy^ if routed^
might not heiake themfelves tlAther
for fecurity ; and then fuddeniy
giving thefignaij hefalis upon the
enemy, Tke Numidians fome cf

poftrc-

,44 C. CRISPI SALLUSTIl

pofiremos caedare ; pars rfthem efttacked tbt reary whiUl

a finiftra ac dextra tenta- others did thefame upon thejlanks^

re;~infenfi adefle atquc being very prejfing and furiousy in^

inftare, omnibus locis Ro- fomuch fkat they every where fut

manorum ordines contur- the Romans intofome diforder. Of

bare. Quorum etiam qui VDhich thofe that made the mo/I

firmioribus animis obvii gallqnt oppofttion^ were yet hefooied

hoftibus fuerant, ludificati hy the enemfs unfteady way of

incerto prcelio, ipfi modo fighting \ and heing thmfehjes

eminus fauciabantur, ne- wounded hy the difcharge of the

que contra feriundi aut enemfs weapons^ made upon them

conferendi nianum copia at a difiance^ could npt come to

erat. Antejamdofti ab Jirokes or clofe fight tjuith them at

Jugurtha equites, ubi- alL For the horfe^ as they had

cumque Romanorum hefore been inflru£ted by Jugurthay

turma infequi coeperat, whenfoever any troops of the Ro^

non confertim, neque in man cavalry begun to purfue tbetn^

unum fefe recipiebant, didnot fly off togethery or to any

.fed alius alio quam max- me certain place^ but difperfedy

ume divorfi. Ita numero one one way^ and another anotherj

priores, fi. ^ perfcquendo as much as poffible, Andfo being

hoftis deterrere nequive- fuperior in numbersy ifthey could

rant, disjecStos ab tergo not by that means dijcourage the

adt lateribus circumveni- enemfs purfuit^ they atteifkedtbem

ebant. Sin opportunior upon their dividingy in regr^ or

fugae.collis, quam campi Jiank, But if d hill lay more conve^

fuerant, ea vero confueti nient fpr their flight^ than tbe

Numidarum equi facile plain^ the horfes of the Numidians

inter ., virgulta evadere ; heing ufed to the workywould eafily

noftros afperitas & info- maAe their way through the biifhesy

lentla loci retinebat. which ours^ forwant ofbeing ex-

ercifed tn fuch rough worky coujd

notdo. .

LV. Casterum facies LV, But the apperance of

totius negotii varia, incer- things during the whole tranfac^

ta, foeda atque miferabi- tion^ was variousy uncertainy dif-^

lis. .Difperfi a fuis, pars mal^ andmiferahle. Some^ fepa--

cedere, alii infequi. Ne- ratedfrom their main body^ fledy

que figna, neque ordines whil/i others were engaged in the

obfervare. Ubi quemque purfuit . of the enemy. They nei-

pcriculum ceperat, ibi re- ther kept hy theirjiandards nor com-

iiftere ac propirifarc. Ar- panies, fVbere danger overtook ar^

.ftia, tela, equi, viri, ho- oneytherehemade ajiandy andrt"

ftesjcivespermixti. Nihil pulfed his adverfary, Arms rf all

coa-

BELLUM JUGURTHINtJM.

H5

tonfilio, neque imperio
agi, ; fors omnia regere.
Itaque multum diei pro-*
cefTerat, cum etiam tum
eventus in incerto erat.
Denique, omnibus labore
& apftu languidis, Metel-
lus, uiji videt .Numidas
ininus infiare, pauUatim
milites in unum conducit ;
ordines reftituit, & co-
hortes legionarias quatuor
advorfum pedites hoftium
collocat ; eprum magna
pars fuperioribus locis fef-
fa confederat. Simul ora-
re, hortari milites, ne de-
ficerent^ neu paterentur
hoftes fugientes vincere :
Neque illis cajira e£e^ ne-
que munimentum ullum^
quo cedentes tenderent \
in armis omnia Jita. Sed
nec Jugurtha quidem in-
terea quietus erat ; circum-
ire, hortari, renovare
proelium, & ipfe cum
dele6Hs tentare ,omnia ;
fubvenire fuis, hoftibus
dubii^ inftare ; quos fir-
inos . cocnoverat, eminus
pugnando retinere.

'LVI. feo modo duo
imperatores, fummi viri,
inter fe certabant ; ipfi
pares, caeterum opibus
difparibus. Nam Metello
virtus militum erat, locus
advorfus ; jugurthae alia
omnia, praeter milites,.
opportuna. Denique Rd-

fortSj horfesy men^ hoth enemies and
Romans tuere all jumbled togcr
ther ; nothing was done under any
certain condu^ or command 5
char\ce ruled alL JVherefore the
day was novo far fpent^' whiljl the
cvent was fiill uncertain» Finally^
when a(I were now quite faint
with thefatigue ofthe a£lion^ and
heat ,of the day^ Metellus fercei-
ing the Numidians to ahate' of
their vigour^ draws hy degress his
foldicrs into one place^ puts them in
dui order^ and pofls four Ie'giona-'
ry battalions againji the enemy*s
foot \ a great part of which heing
heartily tiredy were fet down icp^
on fome rifing ground. At tbe
fame time Metellus entreated and
encouraged his men not to faintj or
fufFer the flyin^ enemy to get the
viftory . They had no camp or any
fortification to fly to ; all their
hopes werein their arms. Nor was
Jugurtha idle in the mean time^
hut rid round his troops to encou»^
rage them^ and renew ihe fighty
and didy with ^a body of choice
troopsj make all imaginahle ef^
forts for Jhe purpofe^ relieving his
own men^ and pujhing home upon
the enemy^ where they were in di»
firefs ; qnd fuch as fioodfirm^ he
kept in playy hy annoying ihem at
a di/iance,

LVI. Andihus did thefe tw$
great commanders Jiruggfe toge*
thef for viSfory^ ^ugfy matthed
indeed in their own pe^onSy hut in
vcry differcnt circumfianeejs as to
cther refpe^s. Metellus had the .
advantagc with regard io the cou^^
rage hf his men^ hut the diJadVan'»
tage as to ground, yuguriha had

T mani.

%

1+6

a CRISPI SALLUSTII

xnam, ubi intelligunt, ne- the hetter vf it in all cfiher re-»
■quc fibi perfugium efle, fpe^Sy exceptlng his men^ Finally^
neque ab hofte copiam the Romans finding no other means

of fe^urity left fhem^ fince the
ene?ny^ by keeping at a dijfanccj
would give them no opportunity of
engaging them^ and night was now
coming on apace^ advance^ as they
were orderedy up the hill ; ivhere^
upon the Numidians quitting their
ground^ were routedy and put to
funt. Interea Bomilcar, flightj andfomefew of themjlain.
quem elephantis & parti But the mojl of them tvere faved

hy the goodnefs of their heels^ and
the enemfs wfint offitfficient ac^
^uaintance with the countryy toge-
theri iri the mean time Bomil-
car^ io whom fugurthay as we
have above faidy had given the
commandofthe elephantSj and a
part of the infantry^ as foon as
Rutili^s was paffed him^ draws
down his men very leifurely, into
the plain '; and whil/i^the lieute»
nant-generaly accoraing to his or^
dersypurfues his march with ali
expediiion to the river^ he^ un-^
rnolejledj puts his troops into fuch
■a difpofitiony as the nature of the
cafe requiredy and does not neglcB
to get inteUigente' what the enemy
was every where doing. Jfnd af-
ter he was advifed^ that Rutilius
was nov; encampedy and under no
apprehenfions of an enemyy and
' um itincri officeret, latius- perceived tooj that the fiioiitingy
porrigit ; . eoque modo ad wherefugurtha was engagedygreio
Rutiiii caflta procedit. louder and louder^ fearing l^ the

lieutenant-gineraly upon underflanding the matter^ fijould
return to the relief of his friends in di/frefsj he exiends bis
forceSy whichy in dtflrufi of their couragCy he had drawn
Mp in clofe array^ to a confiderable lengthy in order to ob-
• firuQ his paffage ; and in ihat difpofition advances tmards
the camp ofRutilius.

LVIL

pugnandi fieri (& jam
die vefper erat ) advorfo
colle, ficuti prseceptum
fuerat, evadunt. Amifib
loco Numidae fufi fugati-
que, pauci interiere. Ple-
rofquc velocitas & regio
hoftibus ignara tutata

-copiarum pedeftrium
praefectum . ab Jugurtha
fopra diximus, ubi eum
Rutilius praetergrefius eft,
paulfetinl fuos in aequum
locum deducit ; ac, dum
legatus ad flumen, quo
prsemififus erat, feftinans
pergit, quietus, uti res
poftulabat, aciem exor-
Bat ; neqlic remittit, quid
ubique hoftes agerent, ex-
florare. Poftquam Ru-
tilium confediflTe jam, &
animo vacuuna accepit,
fimulque ex Jugurthae
prodio clamorem augeri,
veritusnel^tus, cognita
re, laborantibus fuis au-
xilio fbret, aciem, quam
diffidens virtuti militum
arte ftatuerat, quo hofti-

BELLUM JUGURTfJINUM.

H7

^ LVIL Romani ex
impravifo pulveris vim
magnam animadvertunt ;
Inam profpedum ager ar-
buftis confitus prohibeat.
£t primo rati humum
aridam vento agitari ;
pofl, ubi aequabilem ma-
nere, &, ficuti acles mo-
vebatur, magis nugisque
appropinquarc vident ;
cognita re, properantes
arma caplunt, ac pro ca-
ilris ficuti imperabatur,
confiftunt. Deinde, ubi
propius ventum eft, u-
trimque magno xlamore
concurritur. Numid»,
tantummodo remorati,
dumin elephantis auxili-
um putant, po(lquam eos
impeditos ramis arborum,
atque ita disje6ios cir-
cumvenirifvident, fugam
faciunt: ac plerique, ab-
je£l:is armis^ coUis, aut
no£)is, quae jam aderat,
auxilio integri abeunt.
Elephanti quatuor capti,
reliqui omnes numero
quadraginta interfe£ti. At
Romani, quamquam iti-
nere, atque opere daftro-
ruift, &proeliofeifi; laeti-
que erant, tamen, quod
Metellus amplius opinio-
ne morabatur, inftrufti
intentique obviam proce-
dunt. Nam dolus Nu-
midarum nihil languidi
neque remiffi patiebatur.
Acprimo obfcura no6le,
poftquam haud procul
imer fe erant^ ftrepitu,

' LVII. The Romans werefur^
prixed wtth ihe judden appearance

• af a mi^hty dufi raifed \ for thg
couriiry being thickfet with Jhruhs^

. hindered the view at any difiance*
And at firft futpcfed it was onlji
Qccafioned by the tvind*s fweeping
the dryplain ; hut perceiving itta
be conflanty and Opproach nearer
andnearer^ as the'army advan--
ced^ and thereupon difcovering the
mattery they fly to their arms^ anj
hy ^der oftheir commander^ draw *
up before the camp, And fffter the
enemy was come within proper di-

fiance^ both fides engage with a
great Jhout, Tlje Numidians only
madea Jiand^ whilfi they thought
the elepbants might be offervice ta
them \ hut when theyfaw them en^
iangled among/i the brujh-wood^
andfeparately enciofedby the ene^
my^ theytake ta their heels, and
mofi ofthem^ throwing away their
4xrms got ojf fafe by the advan"
tage of a hiil and ihe night togcr
ther^ which was now come on^
.Four elephants were taken; aU
the refij forty in number^ wcre
flain. But the Romans^ altho* fa^
tigued with their marchy the work
of encampingy andbattie tooj and
allin the height of joy for their
fuccefs ; y£t as Jiietellus fiaid be^
yond their AXpeSfationy put themr
felves in due order^ and advance
to meet him, For ihe wiles of the
Numidians admitted no flacknefs
or remiffnefs at all, And when
now they were notfar afunder^ the
night being dari^ the noife alarmr
ed both fides with the apprehenfi^
ons of an enemy advancing^ thc
confequence whereof kad Hke to

T 2 velut

^4^

C.CJIISPI SALLUSTII

velut hoftes adyentarent,
alteri apud alteros fonni-
dinetn fitnul & tumul-
tum facere ; & pene im-
prudentia admiflum faci-
nus miferabile, ni utrim-
que praeqiifll equites rem
exploraviffent. Igitur pro
metu repente gaudium
exortum. Milites alius
alium laeti appeliant, aila
edocent, atque audiunt ;

have bien fatal^ but that fcm0
horfe^ dijpatched by hoth partiesy
dijcovered the truth, fVheir^upon
theirfear was foUowtd with joy :
(ind the foldiers fell to congratU"
lating one another-y and mutuaily
imparting their accounts- of the
two aSiionSy whil/i each man ex-
tolls his own behaviour to the
heavens. Forfuch is the conditi-
on of mankind: upon a vidiory
(owards may boaji j but illfuccefs

brave

fua quifque fortia fafta ad fmks the fpirits . of the
coelum fert. Quippe res thet^ifelves. .
humanns ita fe hatent ; in vidoria vel ignayis gloriari licet
advorfae res etiam bonos detredlant.,

LVIIL Metellus, in LVIII. Meiellus continuedfour

days in the fame ^campy took due
carefor the recovery of his ivound"
ed 7neny confers prejents^ as is //-
praeliis more militise do- fualinwar^ uponjuch as had di-
nat ; univerfos in conci- Jlinguijhed themfelves in the late
one laudat, ^atque agit fght^ cbmmends them all in a
gratias ; hortatur, ad coS" Jpeech he made them^ atid gives
tera^ qua levia funt^ pa- them thanks^ adviftng them to

(hew the like courage for the dif-

iifdem caftris quatriduo
jnoratus, faucios cum cu-
r^ reficit ; meritos ih

rem antmum gerant ; pro
vi^oriafatis jam pugna-
tum reiiquoi lahores pro
prcecla fore, Tamen in»-
rerim transfugas & alips
opportunos,* Jugurtha ubi
gentium, aut quid agita-
ret, cum paucis ne effet,
an exercitum iiaberet uti
fcfe vi6lus gereret, ex-
ploratum mifit. At ille
fefe in loca faltuofa &
natura munita receperat ;
ibique cogebat exercitum,
jiumero hominum ampli-
oremy fed hebetem iniir-
niuiTjque,, agri ac pecoiis
Aagis, quum belli, cul-
Jiorem. Id ca jratia eye-

patch of the work remaining upon
their hands, which was but mcon-
fiderable. They had fbught fufiici-
entJy for vidory all they had now
to labour for, was plunder. Yet
in the mean time he fent out fonu
deferters^ ami other proper perfons^
to enquire where yugiirtha ivas^
or what he defigned to do ; whe-
ther he was only atteyided by feWy
oranarmy-y andhow he hehaved
himfelf dfter hls defeat. But ke
was alrcady retired to a woody
paxt of the cpuntryy that was na^
turafly veryjlrong \ and was there
raijing an army already greater
than the formery > but unfit for
a^iony and of no qccmnt -, as be-

jiiebat.

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

149

niebat, quod, prseter e-
quites negios, nemo oiri-
nium Numidarum ex fu-
ga regem fequitur. Quo
cujufqTie animus f^&rt, eo
ditcedunt, Neque id fla-
gitium militiae ducitur ;
ha fe mores habent. Igitur
Metellus, ubi videt ctiam
tum regis animum fera-
ccm ; effc bellum renova-
ri, qupd niii ex illius lu-
bidine geri noh poflet ;
praetcrea iniquum certa-
jnen fibi cum hoftibus
ihinore detrimento illos,
viijci, quam fuos vincere ;
ftatuitnon prceliis, neque
?cie, fed alio more bfellum
gerundum. Ita^ue in loca
Nunfiidiae opulentifluma
pergit I agros vaftat ;
tnulta caftella & oppida,
temere munita, aut fine
prxfidio, capit incendit-
que ; puberes intcrfici ju-
bet, aJia omnia militum
prgedam eflTe. Ea formi-
dine multi mortales Ro-
fuanis dediti obfides; fru-
mentum, & alia, quae
ufui forent, affiatim prae-
bita ; ubicumque res po-
ftulabat, praefidium im-
pofitum. Quae negotia
multo magis, quam proe-
lium male pugnatum ab
fuis, regem terrebant.
Quippe cujus fpes omnis
in fuga fita ,erat ; feqiii
cogcbatur; ^, qui fua
Joca defendere nequive-
jrat, in alienis bellum ge-
rere. Tamen ex inopia.

ing more acquainted with hujban"
dry and grazing^ than the huji-
nefs ofwar, The reafon whereof
wasy that not a man ofthe Numi--
dians attends their prince upoH a
defeat^ excepting his own horfe^
guards^ but go where they pUafe*
^Nor is this any hlemijh vpon their^
honour at all^ as being tbe fajhi^
on* Wherefore 'Aletellus perceiving
the King' s fpirit to hejlill undaunt''
ed^ and that the war was like t9
grow upon him again, which could
not be carried on but as Jugurtha
pleafed ; and that he was mt tipon
an equalfqoting with the enemy in
theconte/t; that they fujiain'ed l^s
damage hy a defeat^ than his men
did by a vi6fory^ he refolved not to
carry on the war in the way of
pitched field^-battleSy but after a
different manner. Wherefore a-
^ay he' marches into the richeji
parts of Numidia^ where he rava-
ges the country^ and takes abun-
dance of cajiles^ and towns^ that
were bui Jlightly fortified^ or with->
out any garrtfon in themy and
burns them^ orders all the males
of age to be put to the fword^
granting all bejides to his •Jpldiers
as plunder* ifpon the con^ernatt-^
on occafioned by this manner of
proceedingy a great many peofle
fubmitted themfehes to the Ko»
mans^ gave hojiages^ and fupplicd
the army with coruy and cther ne^
ceffaries{ in great plenty, Garri-
fons were likewife placed' where
occafion required, tVhich things
Jiruck a "much grtater terrour into'
the. King^ than the late unfortu-
nate battle had done^ For he^
whofe hopes lay entireh/ in avoiding

quod

^s^

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

cadunt, multi capiuntur;
nemo omnium intadlus
profugit* Et Numidae,
prius quam ex caftris fub-
veniretur, ficuti juflf c-
rant, in proxumos coUis
difcedunt*

quod optuttium videba- bis enemy^ was now ebliged t& pur-»'
tur, ,Confilium capit ; ex- fue himi andhe that could not dt^
erdtum iplerumque in iif- fendthofe farts of his dominionSy
dem lotis opperiri jubet; where tnfght be would bave con-
ipfe cum deledtis equitibus ftderahle • advantagesy was forced
MeteUum fequitur ; noc- to carry on the war in tbok^ where
tumis & aviis itineribus he would labour under difadvanta^
•ignoratus, Romanos pa- ges. Tet in thisflraight he takes
lantis rqiente aggreditur. fuch a courfe as feemed mofl ad-
Eorum plerique inermes; vifeahle. Heorders the army io

keep generally in the fame pariSy

and attends the motions of AdeteU

lus himfelf with a choice hody of

horfe ; and hy marching in the

nighty and through by^-roadSf conus

unexpe^edly upon tbe Romans tbai

bad firolled from the campy who

heing mofl of ihem unarmedy were all either killed or taken

prifonersy exceptfome few that got off^ yet not without heing

mucb wounded, And the Numidiansy hefore any relief could

come from ibe campy according to ordersy draw off to tbe

next biSs.

LtX. In the mean time there
was buge joy at Rome^ upon ihe
news of metellus^s fuccefs \ how
be conduSied'. himfelf and his armyy
in a manner corfhrmable to that
ofthe brave old Komans j had hy
bis gallant bebaviour gained a
viSiory^ tho^ with tbe difadvan-
tage of the groundj and had tnade
himfeif mafier of the enemf s coun-
try^ havingobligedyugurtbajwho
was vojftly elated witb bis fuccefi
againft AuluSy to put all bis bopes
infying about withfmall parties»
fupplicia decernere, Ci- TVherefore the Senate orders puh'
vitas, trepida antea, & fo- lick thankfgivingsto the Gods up-

on account of the fame. Tbe city
that was hefore in no fmall fear^
and much concermdfor tbe iffiie of
tbe war^ ' was nowfull ofpy^ and
cried up Metellus rrtoft mightily ;
whicb infpired him withfreft} zeal

cubi

LIX, Interim Romae
gaudfum ingens ortum,
f ogiiitis Mctelli rebus ;
ut Jfeque & exercitum
morc majorum gereret;
in ^dvorfo loco vi<Slor ta-
men virtute fuiflet ; ho-
ftium agro potiretur ;
Jugurtham, magnificum
e)c Auli focordia, fpem
falutis in folitudine aut
fuga coegifiet habere. Ita-
que fen:^tus, oh ea felici*
ter a£faj diis immortaUbus

jicita de belli eventu, la^ta
agere; de Metello fama
pr^eclara efle. Igitur eo
intentior ad vidoriam ni-
t i ; omnibus modis ftfli-
nare; cavere tacnen ne*

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM. 151

cubi h6fti opportunus fie- U bring ihe war io a hapfi con"

ret 5 meminiflc poft glo- clufion^ for which purpofi t£ ufed

riam invidiam fequi. Ita, ali poffiBle application ; buf fet^

quo clarior, ^o magis mttvithftanding his hafley took care

anxius erat ; neque poft to be upon his guard againft the

infidias Jugurthae effufo Jiratagems of the erun^^ remem^

exercitu praEdari. Ubi beringff thefame iimey that ermy

frumcnto aut pabulo opus ufuaUy attends upon ghry ; dnd

erat, cohortes cuih omni tberefore the morefamous he wasy

equitatu praefidium agita- the more anxious he %aas too. And

bant ; exercitus partem after that ambvftade, ef Jugur^

ipfe, reliquos Maritis du- tha^s^ never fuffef^ed his amty t9

cebat. Sed igni magis, difperfefsr the plunder of the coun-

quiam praeda, ager. vafta- try. "^ Butnohen he hadoxcafionfor

batur. Duobus locis haud corn or fordge. ftme hattaUons of

longe inter le caflt^ facie- fooiy with all the horfey went

bant. Ubi vi opus erat, aijsi guartyto ^thofe tmployed in

cuniti aderant : caete- that fervtcL lle conduSfed one

rum, quo fuga' atque part -of^the ^mv, and Marius

formido latius crefceret, the other. ' Btit the country was

divorfi agebant. Eotem- njdajied md^t'hy fhe firing of

pore Jugurtha j)er tcdlis iowns^ artd 'oiher huHdtngSy ihan

fequi; tempus aut locum pliindering ^^hmy . Th^' ufed to

pugnafe quaerere ; *; ' qua; pitiitheirtanipsata^fiHalfdiJfance
vemurum hoftem aucUe-* from^ihe Sndth^rj ana iijhitn there

rat, pabulum & aqiiartim waVoccaJiifiifor any conftdeYahka^''

fontis, quorum penuria tion^ they joined in it, But to

erat, corrumpere. Mo- fpread terrour and defolation more

do fe MereBo, interdufti effeSfuallyy they generally a^edfe-

Mario oftender^ ; poftre- parately. At that time JugUrtha

mos in agmitie tentare, kepf withln view ofthem upon the

ac ftatim in colKs regredi ; hiHsy wafching att advantages ofi

rurfus aliis, poft aliis mi- tim^zcndphcefof the attatking tf

nitari ; neque proelium them, ' nhd wherefoever he coutd

facere, neque otium pali, learntheeHemydefignedtomarchyhe

tantummodo hoftem ab defiirofthe foragey andthe fpringsy

incoepto retinere. ofwhith there wat greatfcarcity
inthat.counfry, One while he Jheived himfef to Metellusy
another to Mariusy would faU upon their rear^ then pYefently

Tnake offagain to the hillsy and by and hy alarm them again^
firfi in one quartery and then in anothery neither engaging them,
in good earnefiy norfuffering fhem to be quiety buf oniy hinder^
ing themfrom fhe e^ecution oftheir defigns^

»52

C. GRISPl SALLUStlt

LX. Romanus impe-
rator> ubi fe dolis fatigari
videt, neque ab hofte co-
l^iam pugnandi fieri, ur-
bem magnam, & in ea
parte, qua fita crat, ar-
ccm regtv, nomine Za-
,mam, ftatuit oppugnare;
ratus id, quod negotium
pofcebat, Jugurtham la-
.borantibus fuis auxilio
vcnturum, ibiquc prceli-
um fore. !A.t il!e, quae
parabantur, a pferfugis
edo£lus, magnis itineri-
bus Metellum anteveniti
oppidanos hortatur, moe-
nia defendant, additis au-
xi)io perfugis^ quodgenus
ex copiis regis, quia fal-
kre nequibat, ^iifru-
mum erat. Praeterca pol-
licetur, in tempore femet

• cum exercitu adfure. Ita,
compofitis rebus, in loca
quam maxume occulta
difcedit ; ac paulo poft
cognofcit,. Marium. ex
itinere frumentatum cum
paucis cohortibus Siccam
mlfliim, quod oppidum
primum omnium poft
malam pugnam ab rege
defecerati Eo cum delec-
tis equitibus noftu pergit,
&jam egredientibus Ro-
manis in porta pugnam
facit; fimiil magna voce
Siccenfes ^ortatur, uti

' cohortes ab tergo circum-'
veniant \ fortunam illis
prceclari facinoris cafum
dars. Si idfecerint^ po- .

Jtea fefe in regno^ ilhs in

LX# JVhm ihe Romangeneral
found himfelf fo harraffed by the
wily condtUf of the enemy^ tvith"
out any pojjibility^ of coming to an
engagement with him^ he refohued
to attack Zama^ the mo/i confider-
ahU town in thatpart ofthe king^
*dom^ wherein it lies ; fuppojing^ as
the cafe indeed requiredy that yu-
zurtha would come to the relief of
his fuhje£ls in that diftrefsy . and
that a battle woul^ eryue thereup-^
on. But he being apprized qfthis
intention hyfome.deferterSy by great
. mdrches got ihitber hefore Metel-
luSy and encouraged the townfmen to
Jlandout^ puttingfome deferters into
the place for their ajjijlance^ which
rfall the King*s troopsy w^re the
mtfi to he relied ttpm^ as who cauld
not deceiVe him. , Moreover^ he
affures themy he would be there a-
^ain in due time witb ah army.
And afterhe haiihus trdered his
affairsy he withdrew^ ahd got off
into fome very private parts of
the cQuntryy where foon after he
was informedy thdt Marius had
been dffpatched from the army then
upon a march^ to Sicca^ with a
few battalionsyto.fetcbin com ;
which was the Jirfi town that re-
voUedfrom the King^ after the late
unfortunate hattle. Thitber he goes
wtih afew-^choice horfe in the night ;
and as the Romans were conung
oiit oftownyfalls upon them at the
very gate. At the fame tirncy with
a loud voicfj he begged ofthe^ Szc-
cenfians to* attacK tKe battalions in
rear ; that fortuhc had put into
their hands an opportunity of per-
forming a noble feat, which, if
they did but lay hoid of, that he

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

153

Rbertate ftne metu ata^
iem aSiuros. Ac ni Ma-
rius figna inferre, atque
evadere oppido propera-
viflet ; grofccfto cundti,
aut magna pars Siccenfi-
urn, fideni mutaviffent;
tanta mobilitate fefe Nu-,
xnidae agunt. Sed militcs
Jugurtyni, pauliiper ab
tege fuftentati, poftquam
majore vi lif^^^s urgent,
pauciiiamifils, profiigi dif-
cedunt.

LXL Marius ad Za-
mam peryenit. Id oppi-
clum in caimpo fitum,
magis operc, quam n^itu-
ra, munitum eratj nid-
Uus idoneae rei egens, ar-
mis yirifque opulentum.
Igitur Metellus, pro
tempqreatque loco para-
tis rebus, cun<Sa moenia
exercitu circUjpvenit ; le-
gatis imperat, ubi quifque
cliraret 9 deinde, . fignp
daCo, uudique fiixiul da-
moringensoritur. Neque
ea res Numidas terret ;
infenjj intentique fine tu-
muku manent ; proelium
incipitur. Romani, prp
ingenio quifque, pars e-
minus glande aut lapidi-
bu]5 ppgnare j cyadere
alii ; alii fucce^e^e % a^
mu^im mo4o fuiFodere,
modp (calis aggredi j cu-
pore pr<?elium in manib^us
racere. CQptra ea oppidani
inprox,umos faxa volve-
re; fud^s, [nla, (MT^tere^
pice U JMcibvure tsedam

(hould fpr the future ^joy his
kingdopQi, and they their liberty,
in great fecurity. And had mt
MariuSy by .pujhing fQrward^ got
hajiily out of the town^ all^ or ths
greatejl part of the Siccenfsans^
ivquld certainly have changedfides i
fofickle are the. Nuntidians^ But
thefoldiers of y^gurtha being for
fome time hpt in 'coumge hy the
J^ing^ upoT^ thp \tmnifs making a
^igorous, rejijtancey fcour off at
Ljiy with the, kfs offomefew rf
their men* '

LXI. .^rtMs ^ame to Zama^
That town wasjituated in aplain^
heiter fortified by art^ than nature \
abounding in ati the.^convenienciet
of /ifef and weH provided with
arms.and men, . Metelius having
procured all things thfit tbe time.
and Qccafton re^uixedy draws his
army quite round the town ; and
affigns his lieut^ant^generals tbe
feveralguartefs4bey w^re to taie
cgre of\ and tken inmediate^
upon a fignal give% a gfeat Jhovt
isfet up m allfides. Which did?i^
Urrify the Numidians at alL^ who
Jiood Jioutj reqdy for the receptim
of, the eiiemy i and. atcordingly a
battle enfues, Tht JRomans^ ac^
cording as eacb man was difptfed^
fome fought with bullets orftones )
pme withdr^^i 'oth.ers came in
tbeirroom ', 0nd onewhile.under^
mined^ another fcaled^ the walii^
eager to come t^ ciofe.figbt witb tbe
enemy, On the other fide^ tbe
towrfmen tmrthled great Jimes up^
onthpfe ihat werx uttder the waM^
■ and difihargeAJh^rp Jiakes and
Janees^^ ^ith pitch and fulpbur ori
firey upm tkm* Nor were thqfei
U miftam

154

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

mlnam ardentia mittere.
Sed ne illos quidem, qui
procul nianierant, timor
animi fatis muniverat.
Nam plerofque jacula^
tormentis, aut manu emif-
fa, vulnerabant i parique
periculo, fed fama impari^
boni atque ignavi erant.

LXIl. Dum apud Za«
mam fic certatur, Ju-
gurtha cx improvifo ca-
ftra hoftium cum ma^a
mamu invadit ; remims,
qui in praeiidio erant, &
omnia magis, quam prce-
lium, exfpedantibus, por-
tam irrumpit. At noftri,
repentino metu perculfi,
^bi quifque pro moribus
confulunt i alii fugere, alii
sirma capere'; magna pars
vulnerati aut occifi. Ciaete-
rum ex omni multitudme
non ampUus quadraginta,
memores nominis Roma-
ni, grege fa£lo' locum
cepere paulo quam alii,
editorem ; neque inde
maxuma vi depelii qui-
verunt i fed tela eminus
miila remittere, pauci in-
pluribus minus fhiftrati;
iin Numidae propius ac-
cefliflent, ibi vero virtu-
tem oftendere, ic eos
thaxuma vi casdere, fun-
dfere atque fiigare. In-
terim Meteltus, cum a-
'^rrume rem gereret, cla-
morem& tumukum hb-
ftilem a tergo accepit ;
deinde, converib equo^
a^imadvertit fugam ad

wbofefiars kept thetfi further ojf^
fecure ; mjiof them being WBund-^
ed tuitb weapcns difcharged from
engines^ or the hand\ and Jo the
hrave^ and the. cowardly^ were in
equal danger^ iho* not in equal
credit.

LXIL During this fight at

Zama^ Jugurtha falls unexpeii-

edlyupon the enemfs camp^ with

a conjiderahle force ; and ihofe left

for the defence ofit being ojJftheiT

guardy ds expeSfing not in the

leaji to be attackedy he breuks in

at one ofthegates. ■ Btit our men

being corfounded with the fur-

pri%ey providefor ihemfelveSj each

according to hts natural difpojition,

Some ran away^ others iook up

arms\ agreatpart ofthem were

WQunded or flain. And of all the

numher not above forfy^ being

mindfulofthe Roman name^ form--

ed thenfehes into a body^ and

feized upon a rifing ^round\ nor

couldthey be diflodged from thence

by all thefury of the enemy 5 but

threw back upon them their own

weaponsy and with the more fuc^

cefsy becaufe there were fo many

ofthem ; and if the Ivumidians

came near them^ they ihen laid

about them with the utmojl bra"

very ; flaugbteringy routingy and

putting them to fiight. In the

mean time^ whil/t Metellus. was

furioufly engaged in the affault up^

on the towny he heard from his

rear the Jhouting and noife of an

eneny \ upon which turning his

hor/ij he perceived a rout of per^

fons fying iowards him j a plain

fc

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

(e vorfum fieri ; quae res
indicabat popuiaris efle.
Igitur equitatum omnem
ad caAra propere mifit,
ac ftatim' C. Marium,
cum cohortibus focio-
rum } eumque lacrumans
f^r amcitiamy perque rem^
publicam^ ohfecrat^ ne quam
contumeliam remanere in
exercitu viSforej neve jte*
/les inultos abire Jinat*
Jlle brevi mandata emcit*
At Jugurtha, munimen ^
to caltrorum impeditus,
cum alii fuper vallum

' prscipitarentui;, alii in
anguftis ipft fibi prope*
rantes Qfiicerent, muhis
amiifts, in loca munita fefe
recipit. Metellus in^o
negotio, poftquam nox
aderat, in caftra cum ex-
ercitu revortitur.

LXIII. Igitur poftero
die, priu3 quam ad op-
pugnandum egrederetur,
equitatum omnetKi in ea
parte, qu^ regis adventus
erat, pro caftris agitare
jubet ; portas ic pro^cu-
ma loqa tribunis di4>crtit ;
deinde ipfe pergit ad op-

, pidum, atque, uti fupe-
riore die, murum aggre-
ditur, Interim Jugurtha
ex occulto repente no-
ilros* invadit. Qui in
proxumo locati ftierant,*
paullifper territi pertur-
bantur ; reliqui cito fub-
veniunt. Neque diutius
Numidae refiftere quivif-
iient, pi pedit^s cum equi-

Jign oftheir beingfriends. Where^
fore befent away all the horfe^ im-'
mediately to the campy and pre-
fently after tbem C MariuSy with
fome auxiliary battalions ; andwitb
tears begs of him hy tbeir friend-
ftiip,and the commonwealth, that
he wouid not fufter any ftain to
fix upon the honour of their vic-
torious army, or the enemy<o get
offunrevenged. He prefently exe^
eutes his orders. But Jugurtha^
hindered by the rampart of the
campj V^hilfi fome threw them-^
filves h^adlong down ihe fame^
and others by crouding and fqueeTi^
ing through thejlraight paffage of
the gates^^ Jiopped one anothgr^ af*
ter the lojs of a great many men^
gets away again into hisjajineffes*
MeteUus^ upon the approach of
nighty driws offhis arm into tbe
campj without being abie tQ com-
pafs his defgn^

LXIIL Wherefore the next
day^ before he drew out to renew
the attacky he orders all the cavaU
ry to pqtrale before ^th'e campy on
thejide the J(ing v^as to come\ the
gateSy and theparts adjoiningy he
afftgm to fofne Triiunes j and }hen
he himfelf' advances "up to th^ to%vny
and ma'ies an affault upon the wall
as he haddone tbe day before. In
the nfean timey Jugurtha from his
cover come$ fuddenly vpon aur men.
Thofe vpon whom the brunt feU^
were put for awhile intofome dif"
order \ but werefoon relieved by
the reji* Nor would the Numidi^
ans have been able to havejlood it
' any long time^ had not thetr foot^
mixingwith the horfe^ done great
execuiion in the battle* Upon

V^ tibus

J56 C. CRISPI SAtLUSTir

tibiis perittifti magnam ' tuhom ihe horfe dependingy ihey

dadem in congrcflu face* did notj' accormng to ihetr ordtha-

rent. Quibus ilii freti hon ~tycu/iofks^ purfue one iirhih^ and

uti equcftri prctlio folet, j^j another\ hui chatied 'Ibreaji to

fcqiii, ddn cedere, fed breaji^ confdtindtng our tHoofiSy and

advorfis dquiscohcurrere, putting them ihto fuch diforder^

implicare, ac perturbare that they did in a .marmer deti^oer

aciem ; ita, expediti^ pe- ihem up^ nigh conqnered^ to their

ditibus fuis, hoftis pcehe dwn lightfoot iomfpatch,

Vitto^ daire. , * ^

LXIV. ^odem tetn- tXIV. Inthemeanti?hey ihere

pore apud Zamam ttiag- was^very warm work^at Zama'y

na vi certabatiir ; Ubi each Lieutenant-geker^al and 7ri-
quifque legatus, aut tri-^ hune^ in their feverahpojis^ exert-

btmus curabat, eo iacer- ing 'all ihe might they were ma-

rume niti , neque alius in Jfers of\ placing iheirhopes of fuc^

;dio magis, quam in fefe, cefs hot^n oihersj hut thenifeive^.

fpem habere ; pariterque Nprwere the iownfinen lefs mgo-

oppidani agere, pppugna- rous in their rejiftame. Both

re, aut parare oninibus ;^-^, in^fhort^ were rhore eager

locis ; avidus alteri alte- to wouhd the enemy^ , ihan fecure

ros fauciare, quam femet .iherhfel^Ues. Shouts were mixed

tc^lM*e, Clamor pcrmi- ivith encouragements^ exuhationsy

ftus, hortatipne, Isetitia, and groans, The din of arms

gemitu ; item ftrfepitus reached the very heavefis^ and

?irmorum ad coelum fer- weapons fiew thick en ioth Jides^

ri ; tela utrimque yolare. 'Thebefie^edupon the ^waily as ojt

Sed illi, qui moeriia de- as ihe Jitryof ihei^e^ers ahated^

fenfabant, ubi hoftes didwithgreat'aitentioni)iewthe

paullatim rt^odo pugnam engagenieni ef the hotfe. Andyou

remiferant, intenti proe- mght havefeen^^hem^ ^ccording

iitJm cqueftre ipxoi}^^^- < as 'ihati&swent wHW^icgurtba^

i>ant. Eos, uti' quaeqtie one while ^tttd^ ^and anoiher wbile

Jugurthae res erant, lae- ' Jrighted. jfnd whete fhey could

tos modo, modo ' pavi- heheardor feen*'hy their Jrtends^

dos, ahim^dverteres ; ^ac, 'f)ke,admoniJhed'themofwhatthey

ficuti audiri *a fuis, aut ihaughtproperforthmtQdoydihers

cerni poffent, 'moriereafii, \encouraged tient, or made figns to

alii hortari, aut mariu fig- -jhemwtih their handsj putiingy

nificare, aut niti corpori-- iheir bodies npan the JiretthyOnd

bus ; huc &illatf^ qttafi inoving them thisway orthat, as

yitabundi, aut jacientes if they ihetrfelyes %vere aboiding

tela, agitare. ^X^od ubi or difchargiyig of weapons amongfi

Mario cogriltum eft, riam ihm. Whith 'heing''vhfirved hy

.BfcLLtTM JUGURTKINOM, 557

is ih eft ^nt curabat,
cpnfulto l^us agere, ac
diSdentiftiii riei fimulare )
pati Numidas fine tumuU
tti, tegis proelium viferc.
Ita^ iitis ftudio fiid^Utn
ad&i^tis, repente magna

Jkfariusj far he omfMndedin that.
^quafter 'i he difignediy flmkenei
hisjpe^d^^mdirfrttence tf hmng,
dijhbart^ned \ fuffering the 2^umif
ekanstohok cn andjee tbe engage^
ment ofth&King* But then^whil/i
they w^e '>visfy intent upon tht
"vi-murumaggrcditur 5 & fighiy hefuddenly renews the aft
jam fcalis aggreflt milit^s fauituponthe toall tf^ith- theut*-
prope fumma ceperant, mo/i- violence. And ntm fome.tf

the foldiers were advanced upon
iddders^igh the tpp of ity whm
toe townfmenfloiking io tht flactj
pour upm them^^fl^nesyfirey and
dU manner ofvieapns kejide, Ouf
menat firft fioodfiifiy to itihut
^ui faperftderant afflidi fomeofthem tumhiing headlong to
funt ; caeteri, quo quifque the groundy upon the breaking (f

a ladder ■ or two they were upon^
the reft Jhifted for themfehiSy a$
well as they comd^ a great many
of them heingfaiUy mauled^ and
frtv without wounds. - jit Ja/i mighi
putan end to thefray. , . .

LXV, Metellusfnding hisat'^
tempt upon the town 4o no furpofey
andthatit was impojjible to takse
it^ and^hat yugurtha would not
fham, nifi exinfidiis, aut fight him^ but in the way offur^
fao loco pugnam fecere ; prize^ or upon great advantage of-
& jam asftatem exaftum ground ; and that thefummer was
^ife; ab Zama difcedit, now ahnoji over^ marches away
^ in iis urbibus, quae ab from Zdma^ and flaces garrrifons
fe defecerant, fatifque in thofe cities^ which had revolted
tnunitae loco, aOt moeni- from himy and w^re Jujficiently'
\s\x% erant, praefidia impo- Jironghy nature or art^ But his ar-^
nit. Caeterum exercitum my beputs into tjuinter^quarters^ in
in pfovinciam, quse pfox- theprovince^ where it horders up^
uma eft Numidiae, hie- on rfuniidia. Tet he did not^ 'ac^.
trrandi gratia collocat. cording, to the cu/iom -of others^
"Ncque id tempus ex alio- ff^nd the time in idenefs and lux~.
tiim morc quietij aut ury\hutfince he had but Jmall
hixuriae concedit ; fed, fuccefs in the ufe of a^-ms^ be re^
1(|^uoniam armis ; bdlum fohes to lay a trap for Jugurthay

parum

cuin oppidani concur-
ruht, Iaptdes> ignem, al&a
prdeterea tek ingerunt.
Noftri primo refiftere ;
deinde, ubi unae atque
aherae fcal^ commirmtae.

modo potuere, pauci in-
tegri, magna pars con-
fc&i vulneribus, abeunt.
Deinde utrimque procli-
um nox diremit.

s

\

LXV. Metellus poft-
quam videt frulfra in-
coeptum ; neque . oppi-
•dum* cJipi, neque Jugur-

/

JS^

t. CRISPI SALLUSTII

parum procedebat infi-
ilias regi per amicos teo-
dere, & eorum perfidia
pro armis uti parat. Igitur
J^omilcarem) qui Romse
cum Jugurtha fu^rat, &
•inde, vadibusdatis clam
^affivae de nece, judici-
um fugerat ; quod ei per
.ma^cumam amicitiam
jnajcuma copia fallendi
crat, multis pollicitati^-
nibus aggreditur ; ac pri-
mo efficit» uti ad fe col-
)pquendi gralia occultus
veniat ; dein, fide data,'y?
Jugurtham vivum.j aut
necatumy fihi tradidiffet^
fore^ ut illi Senatus im*
punitatemj £^ foa omnia
concederet ^ fecile Nymi-
dx pprfuadet, cum inge-
Qip iafidoy tum metuenti
ne, fi pax cum Romanis
fieret, ipfe per conditip-
nes ad fupplicium tr^d^-
retur.

LXVI. 1$, ubi pri-
mum opportunum fqit,
Ju^rtham anxium, ac
miferantem fortunas fuas
accedit ; monet, atque
lacrumans obtedatur, uti^
aliquando Jibi liberlfquey
i^ genti Numidarum op-'
tume merentiy provideat ;
jQmnibui proeliis fefe vi^os
a^um vqftatum^ mtdtos
mortales captosy occifos ;
regni opes comminutas ef
fe ; fatis fape jam i^ vir^
tutem militumj fcf fortu^
.nam tentatam ; caveat^
ne ilh cunSlantey Numi"

by meansofhis friendsy ani make
ufe of their tteachery^ inftead of
arms, Accordingly he attacks witb
mighty promifes Bomilcar^ who had
been at Rome wi^ Jugurthay and
by deferting . bis baily and fiying
from thence^ had evadedhis tryal
for the murder of Maffwa ; he--
caufe he hadj by reafon ofhis great
intimacy with hinty the beft oppor-
tunity ofdeceiying bim* He firft
prevaiis upon him to come private^
fyj and, cgnfer witb him ; and
tben giving him his word and ho-
nour upon it^ that if he delivered
Jugurtha alive, or dead, the Senate
ihould grant hirn a pardon, and
all hjs eftate ; he eajily perfzuades
the Numidiariy who was naturally
perfidiousy and withal afraidy
leji^ upon the conclujion of apeace
with the RomanSy he fl)oufdy by
the articles of it^ be delivere^ ^p
topunijhmentf

LXVI. Jfe^ asfomas opportu^
nity prefentedy accoftf yugHrthay
full of perplexityy and lamenting
his cafe ; advijing and hefeeching
him with tearSy Xo take at laft
proper meafuresfor his owp fafety,
with that of his children, and the
whdle nation of the Numidians,
Mvhich had deferved very well at
his Itands. That they had, be
faid^hc^n defeated in every battle ;
the gouptry laid wafte, ano aworld
of people made prifoners^and flain;
whereby the ftrength of his king-
dom had been reduced to nothing.
That he had fufficiently tripd boA
th? vajpur of hH tropps, and his

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

^59

ia fAi cmfulanu His,
atque ulibus alii& ad de-
ditionem r^s animum
impellit. Mittuntur ad
imperatorem legati, qui
Jugurtham imperatafac^
turum dicerent, ac fine
liUa pa£iiQne fefe, reg-
numque fuum, in iUius
fidem tradere. Metellus
propere cundos Soiato-
rii ordinis ex hibernis ac-
ceriiri jiibet y eorum, at-
quer aliorum, quos idone*
os ducebat, . confilium
habet. Ita more majo-
rum^ ex confilii decreto,
per I^tos Jugurtha im^
pifati argenti pondo du*
cmta tmUiaj. ekphantos
emnisy equorum &f armo-
¥Um': aliipiantum^ Qua^
poflquam £ne moxa fada
Amt, jubet omnis perfu-
gas vin<dos^ adduci. £o->
tum magna pars, uti juf-
, fvMn erat, addui^i $ paa«
ci, cum^ primum deditio
ccepit, ad regem Bocchum
in Mauritaniam abierant.
Igitur Jugurtha, ubi ar-
tnis, virifque, & .pecunia
fpoliatus dl, cum ipfe aid
imperandum TifidiiAn
vocaretur, rurfus coepit
fledere animum fuum,
& ex mala confcientia
digna timere. Denique,
mukis diebus perdubitati-
onem confumptis, cum
modo tsdio rerum ad-
vorfarum onmia beljo
potiora duc^eret ; inter-
dum fecuni ipfe repiita-

fortune too ; and thereforeought
to have a care, lefl, if he demurred
any longer upon the matter, the
Numidiansfhouldprovidefbrtheir
own fecurity,withouthim. Witk
thefi^ and the like argumentSy be
at loft prevails with the King^ tat
think of making afurrender» Ac^
cordingly deputies are difpatched to -
ihe Ronum General^ to let him
know thatyugurtha would fubmit
to hispleafurey and^ without infifi^
ing upon kny terms^ would caft
hirnfelf arid bis kingdom^ upon bii
honour^ MeteUus immeiUately oT'-
ders all thegentlemen ofthe Senato-^
rian rank to he fummonedfrom
their winter-quarters, to bold a
council with them^ and oihers^fuch
ashejudged proper to advife witb
upon theoccajion* Andfo^ accord-
ing to ancient Roman, ufage^ upan
adeterndnation of tbe coumit t$
that effeSf^^ he<y by the deputieSy or^
ders Juguriha to deliver up two
hunclredthoufand pound of filver^
all his elephants, and fome -faorfes
and arms; Which being immdi'»
ately done accordingly^ he conmands
all the deferters from him io Be
brought to him in chains ; and a
great pari ofthem were broughty •
as ordered, Somefew ofthemy as
foon as the affair ofthe furrender
begun^ fied off^to King Bocchus in
Mauritania. Wherefore Jugur^
that being ihusjiript of armsy men^
andmoney^upon his beingfummonad
to Tifidium^ to receive further coin-»
mands^ begun again to change his
mindj andy from a fenfe of bis
guiltj to fear meeting wzth his de^
ferts. Finally^ afterbe had fpent
many days in ioubt with himfelf

reu

^ €. CRISJPI SALLUS.TLI

let, qa»ixgzavs cafiia iny vihat to d^jis Metubik^ frwi an
flrvitiiiai ex regao foret ^ m^ajinefs under his misfortiores^
multis^ magnifque prsfir thinking ani^t&ms wbntesiier pre^
diisL iiec^cqiuin perditis» ferahle t» war y and then mgjaim
de integro beliutn fumit. ^onjideringy Som heavy a fall he^
El Romae Senatus, d^ Jbould have from the beigbt ef
provincdis confnlivia^ Nu- Koyal maje/iy ijUo a.Jiate of fia^oej-t
mkiiamL Metelh) decreve^ - ry \ after he bad nm thrown a-:
>iat. way a confid^able part mf Hsi

jSrengtb to no pirptfe^ refiilves arfrejh upon war. -, Now thd
Senate^ at Rome^ being coitfulted about the difpofalof the pro-^
vinces^hadvotedNumdiafQrMeiellus^ ...

tXV 11. Per idyem LXVIL ^Jbaut thefam tinu as
Hmpvts Uticae forte C. Caiu% Marius was af Uticay.pfiyj*
Mario^ per lioAis$k .diis . ing his devoiion io th£ gods by fa-^
fupplicaEti, magnSf atque crtjice^ ihe Harajpex told bim^
mirabilia prtendi Ha- , tfaat there appearexl thoreiii progrr
rufpesc .dixerat ;. praindty nofticlcs of gr^t and wonderA^
fua^ anima agitabaty frc" favours defigned him by he^VieQ i
tus diis ager^ \ Jortunam and theFe£cxrehemig];itaependup-r
' quam Japijfume Sxpinire^ on the protoc^ion and . UfiQng of
tar ; €un6ia pnfpere e-- thc gods^ in the eiGiecuiiQn of .fais
ventura. At illum jam defigns f and mightpi^ih bis fo>r*
antea confulatus; ingens tune, as-niuch as iie pleafccl^ ,witb
copido ; txagitabat ; \ad afiurance of fuacei& Hiinu Jh iad
qoto capiundum^ praeter. fime time l^ef^e.tbis^iheen fekxj^
vetuiiktem familkBry tdia viith apuffi^n$te defire ofihe Csn-z
omnia abunde erant; ia-. fu}fliip\ nndindeed mss f^bundantiy
duilria, probitas, mili- furnijhed witbaUtbe ^ualififations
tiae magna fcicnti% ani-p reqkyitefor obtaining iti^ befiies that
mus belii ingens, domi rfa nohie defcent\ fueh as induT
modicus, lubidinis, & di- Jlry^^ integrity^ JtiU in the military
vitiarum vidtor, taAtum^ art^ a Jpirit great in ^^r, beeiMsoT
tnodo gloriae avidus. Sed darate tnpiace; far ^bov^ ctmMoufT
k natus, & omnem pue- nefs ani ri^esy and atjdntious of
ritiam Arpini altus,. ubi ghry aUne. He was bom ani
ptimum setas militiae pa- brought up at Arpinumy and- as
tiens fuit, itipendiis faci- foonashecame ofageto beararms^
undis, non Graeca fecun- he applied bimfdfio tbe fervics of
dia,neque urbanis mundi- his comttry in she fvars ; not^to thf
X\\Sy fefe escercuit ; ita in- Jiudy of the Gracian ekqnsncey or
tcr artis bonas integrum the fopperies of the tcwn ; and
ingenium brevi adokviL tbus nvas his noble genius adsaonce^
Ergo ubi primuna tiutai* to the higbeft pitch of improvj&r

-natum

BELLUM jUGtJRtttimJM. t6i

*hatunriiiaitarem-a popti- ment^ inthe pf^ice oflaudahle
\o pletit, ^ricJifque faciem aualitieu AHd Hh^r^forey when
ejus ignorantibus, facile he made his.firftfuit to ihe peop/e
notusperomnistribusde- for a tribkne^s tontmiffion^ .thb*
claratdr» Deincte ab eO mfl^ofthemwereflrangers^^tohis
magiftratu, alium poft face^ yet heing fion kriown by hif
alium iibi. peperit ; fem- char^iSier^ he^^ds chofenby all the
perque in poteftatibus ea < tribis^ iVithout e:i€ep'tioHi Appr
modo afgitabat, ut aitipli- ihati^ h^r^efrom oWedegree Sf hd-^
jorty quain^gerebat, dignus' nour to 'andthe^.\ itndbehaved him-
haberetur. Tameti is ad felf in thent allfi^ ihat he^was
id locorumtilisvir, (nam diwdys thoUght wofthy ofa greaier
poftea ambitiohe .praBceps poflythan thtt he wdsin. fet as
datus eft ) Gomfiilatum* valuiabU^ mm ds hewas Hill-thai
appetere non audebati . . time (for dfterwlards he was hur-»
Etiain <um . aKos * magi-^ riedawdy into firange Uxcejfes by
ilratus plebes, Corxfuh-' his ambition) he durfl mt vehture
tumnbbilitas inter.fe :per to t^er hkrfelf a candidate for the
inanus tradeb&t. ^Nov^us* Gdnfuljhif^ '^^ dt that time the
Tiemo tam darus, neque commons tUere admitted to other
tam egregiis • faftis crat, ^ces\ hlit tl^ Ofnfuljhip^ the no^
quin is indigmis illohO' ' biiity engroffidto theThfehes^iranf
iiore, '& quaii pdllmus • mitting itfrom one to anoiher, Ni
haberetur. ^ perfon of low birtS^ howfOTnous or

%faluahle forfPer he wvs^ apon thefcore 6f his own merit^ was
thoug/jtwartbyofit^iutratherafcandaltoit.

LXVIII, Igitut, ubi LXVIIL merefore Mdritik
Marius harufpicis di^ta fihding the prediStiofis of the fioth-^
eodem intendere videt, fayer concur with his own ambiii-'
quo cupido animi horta- ous incUnations^ he reqitefis of Me»»
baturr^b Metello peten^^ tellus a difchdrge^ in order tofue
di gratia tniflionem ro- for the Gmful/hip* Jnd tho* Me»
gat j cui. quamquain vir- ieilus had virtue^ glory^ and other
tus, gioria, atque alia . defirable qualificdtions in dbun-»
optanda -bonis fupera«> dance^yet hadhe a heughtyfpirity
bant, tame^i inerat.eon- and pridewhhal^ the common bane
temptor animUs, & fii- cfthe nobility.ff^herefore heing at
perlna, commune nobi- firfi much ftartkdwith the novel^
litatts malum^ Itax^e ty ofihe^thing^he wondired.whdf
jprimmn <»mmotus info- hemeant^ andpretendedinfriend*
litare, mJrari.qus cprifi- Jhiptoaduife himi ncTt to engage
lium, & quifi per amici- iin io wild a prqjeft, oY» fuffer his:
iysm mtJncf e, ne tam thooghts to to wer abfdve hfs for-
pravainciperet^ neu fupir tune. All things werc riot to be

X fortu^

1^62

C- CRISPI SALLUSTII

fortunam aniTmm gere^
ret'f non omnia oinnibus ,
cupienda ej^^ debere illi
res fuas fntis placere\. po^
Jiremo caveret idpetere a
populo Rom, quod illi jure
negaretur, Poflquain haec,
atque alia taUa dixit, neque
animus Marii fledtitur y
.re^ondit, ubi, primum
potuij/et per negotia publi--
ca^ fahurum fefe^ qua
peteret, Ac poftca, fae-
pius eadem poftulanti^
fertur dixifle ne feftina-
ret abire ; fatis mutare^
illum cum Jilio fuo CoH"
fulatum petiturum, Is «eo
tempore contubernb pa-
txi^ ibidem militabat, an-
nos natus circite^ xx.
Qu3e res Marium cum pro
hdnore, quem affedabat,
tum contra Metellum
vehementer accendarat.
Ita cupidine, atque ira,
peiTumis confultoribtkSy
graf&ri ; neque fadto
ullo, neque Aidxy abfti-
nere, quod modo am-
bitiofum foret ; milites,
quibusin hibernis prae-
erat^ kxiore imperio^
quam antea, habere ; a-
pud negotiatores, quo^
rum magna multitudo
Uticae erat, criminofe
. finiul & ms^nifice de bel-
lo loqui 'i dimidia pars
tjc^rcitusy ft ftbi permitte^
retur^ paucis diebus jfu^
gurtham in » catenis habi^
turum ; ab , imperatore
eonfulto trahiy quody ho^.

t^veted by all' men ; ^e oi^lt t»

be abundantly fatisfied with his

prefent coiidition. Finally, hebid

him have a care of afking that of

the Rosnan peopk, which they

might veiy reafonably deny him.

After he bad faid thisy and other

thingi to the like purpofe^ hutzvith-

out being able to divert Adariut

from his deftgn^ he told him^ that

as (bon as the public occafions

would permit, he (hould conlply

with hisrequeft. And upon Mari-

iis*s repeated inftances ta him for

his difchargey he at laft^ they fojy

told himy He need not be in fo

much hafie tobegone ; hemight

fue time enough for the Conral-

Ihip with his fon. He at that time

ferved under his father^ being a

youth of. abofut twenty years of age,

This ffnly made Marius more eager

of carrying his pointy and verj

much incenfed him again/iAf^teilus,

Wheref^ he now proceeded ac^

cording to tbe infiigation oftwo of

the worfi of counfetiors^ ambition

and anger ; by aU his words-andac-

tions he endeavoured to render him^

felfpopular \ keeping the foldiers hc

commanded in their winter-^quar-

tersy under a. very lotfe difcipUne ;

and reficEting amongii the mer^

chants^ whereof there was a great

number at Uticay upon thecondu^

ofMetellus in the war, and boei/t^

tngmightify what be would do ;

That with half theanny, he would

in a few days have Jugurtha in

chains ; the war was defignedly

prolongedby the genenri, whobe-

ing avain man, and having all

the hau^tinefs of a king inhim,

was too iond of his < conpanand.

»»

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

^63

jme tnanUy &f regiafuper-^
hia^ imperi^ nimis gau^
deret. C^ae omnia illis
co finnioria vidcbantur,
quod diuturnitate beili<res
famiiiaris corruperant ; &
animo cupienti nihil iatis
feftinatur. -

LXIX. Erat jMraBtcrca
in exercitu aoftro Numi-
da quidam, nomine Gau-
da, Maftanabilis filius,
Maftnifiie nepos, «quem
Micipfa teftamento fe-
cundum h^redem fcrip-
ferat, morbis confe^lus,
& ob eam caui&m mente
paullum imminuta. Cui
Metellus petenti, more
regum, uti fellam juxta
poneret, item poftea
cuftodiae cauila tunnam
equitum Rcmianorum,
utrumque . n^verat ;
honorem, quod eorum
mcklo foFet, quos popu-
lus Romanus reges appel>
lavii&t ; prarfidium, cp;iod
contumdiofum in eos
foret, iiequites Romani,
fatellites' Numid^ trade-
rentur. Hunc Marius
anxium a^editur, atque
hortatur, ut contumeli-
arum ki imperatorem,
cum iuo auxitio poenas
petat \ hominem ob mpr-
bosanimo parum valido
fecunda oratiode extoUit;
illum regemy ingentem vi^
ruTTij A^/ini£a nepotem
effe \ Ji jugurtha captus^
emt pcdjus foretj intperi^
^m Numidia fme mora

All ivhich things appeared to them
the more plaujStUy hecaufe the long
continuance of the war affiSfed
their trade \ and no expedition
feems fufficient to themanthat is
in hojfle to he rJch^

LXIX, There was hejides in
our armyi a certain Numidian^ hy
name Gauda^ the fon of Mafta^
nahaly and grand fon of Maftnif-
foy whom Micipfa in his wiU had
' made his fecond heir ; a man di^
Jiempered tofuch a degree^ that it
affeSedhis nund. He bad requeft-
ed of Metdlus the honour nf a
chatrnext hintj as Kings had^ and
afterwards a troop of Rorrian
horfefor his ^uard^ hut he refu-
fed him hoth y^the firjiy hecaufe it
was an honour onlypaid to fuch ae
the Roman people complimented
with the title of Kings\ and the
latter^ hecaufi tt would he an af^
front upon Roman knights to he
made to attend upona Numidian
ashisguard, In bis concern for
this refufal^ Marius addrejfes hirn^
andencourages ^im^ hy the prO'»
mife ofhis ^/tftancey to apply for
fatisfaifion for the affronts put up^
m him by the generaL He mag^
nifies the poor mortal^ who from
the infiueHce of his diftempers up^
onhismindwas little hetter than
crazedy telling him^ He was a
prince, agreat man, thegrandibn
of Mafmiffa. If Jugurtha was
but taken prifoner, or flain, he
would, withou^ more ado, forth-
with get the kingdom ofNumidia ;
whichmight quickly be brougbt
about, if he was made Coaful for
X % habim

^^^4

C, CRI8PI SALLUSTII

h^biturum ; id ^deo nrn^ thc inanagenieqt pf tbe .W^*
ture pojfe evenire^, Ji iffo Wherefore he^ the.KormHkmghpy
Conful qd id hellum miffus fgldiers^ and. merchanti^ were , ail
foret, Itaque & \\\\XTtiy emouraged^ part by, Jkbrifify hut

moji of them: by i»pie$ of peuc/ej
to wtiie to. tbeirfniends at fymfi^
in a very refieSiing manner^ upon
the conduSi ef Metellus, m the
war ; at tbe, fame time tpi^Jng
Marius might he made.. general
therm» Tbus was h.fuf^rted
ift his.pretenfions. to tbe. Omfu.(^ils
by, a very honoMrahie inter^ fjfode
neftiffum^ fufTragaUoni^ forhim. At tbe fameAime toQ^ the
Confulatus petel^a^. Si- commns having baffied the mldUty

by the Maznilian law^ Viere for
raifing ysur upjiart gmtkmen.
And thus aU ihings went on Ma-
rius^s fide*

&, equites Romanp^ mi-
lites, &c negotiatores, aiios.
ipf^ plero^ue fpes pacis
Impellit; uti Romam ad
fubs neceff^rios, afp^e iQ
Mctelluin de \)el]b icri-.
bant, Mariuip imper^Or
rem ppfcant. Sh^ iili a
piultis mortaJil^jMS bo-.

inul ea tempeftate plebe^
nqbilitate fufa per l^gew
Mamiliam, noyos extol-
lebat. Ita Mario.cun3^
proced^e.

LXX. Ip terim ^gu-
tha, poftquam, omiffa
deditione, bellum incipit,
,cunri magpa quta parare
omnia, feftina.ce, cogece
exercitum -, ciyitates, quae
ab fe defecer^pt formijdi-
ne, aut oftejntando prae-
mia adfe<£laxe ; com-
munire fuos I0C03 -, arpa,
tela, aliaque, quap fpe
pacis amjferat, reficere,

LXX. Inthe memtime y^guifr
tha^ having dropped his, intentipn
offurrendering^ and renetu^d. the
war^ was makinEpr^paratiomfor
it with ail .pojffihte ctpptica^ion and
expeditton^andraifingan.army. He
endeavoured tooy partly by threatSy
and partty by premifes^ to engage
the citiesy which. had reveJudfrom
him to retfirn to their aUegiance ;
y}as bufy in fortifying phces ; in
making «r huying tf arms of aU
aut comn^ercari ; fervitia forts^ and ofher thingSy wbich he
Romanoruin allicere, & hadpartedwith^inhopesofpfafe,

lie likewifi attewpted to whaedle
over t.o him the Raman Jfaves^ and
tampered, by tbe influen.ce ofhis
f^oneyy to engage fuch as were in
garrifms to beiTjay the tawn to
hinu Jnjhort^i he Ufi no me»ns
untriedff^ his defence^ but pujbed-
at aU. Wherefore fome of the
pirincipa ^inhabitants of Vacca^
wberein Metellus had puia garri-

' luntate

eos ipfos, qui in praefidiis
eraat, pecunia teiitare;
proriujS nihil inta(^um,
neqpe quietiim ^ pati ;
cwfla agitare. Igitur
Vacceofes, quo, Metellus
initio, . Jugurtha pacifi-
c^n,te> pjaeftdium impo-
ftieral:^ fetiggti regis fup-
^Xym^ iJ^Qiie-^ntqi vo-

BEIJLUM JUGURI!HINUM.

16$

la^e 7iiipp9fiy pi^ipes

f:m^U^ mer^ fe <;onj.u-

. r^ ; mm vulgy Sj uti

P^teeuyppqjiie^fol^ f^ xpax-

nift mptuBj feditipfojpa,
^qiie dA&:or(}jiQfuin er^t^
cupidiMi» wyanim re-
rmp, q)^^ti & oJio. ^d-
voriiTO i d^n, ciOTpofi-
tis ii^|,er fe xebu^, i.n diem
t^ttium CQnftitwunt, qupd
h feftus celeferatijfque p^
oxTuveui Africam, lud»m,
k hjS^fvMxi p3y3gis, quam
fonuidinem» oilentabat.
S^, ubi tempus fuit,
ccutudwes, tribunQfque
militati^s, U ipfum pras-
fj^um oppidj T. Turpi-
liun^ SilaAUm, alius afi-
lun domo^ fuas iovitant ;
ep§ omniis, jr^eter Tur-
pilium, ipter epu^s ob-
truncaut; pofitea milites
paJaQtes, ipermis, q^ippe
in tali die, ac fin^ imperio
aggr?Jiuntor. Idenx pk-
l^facii: pars edoiti abr
nobilitate, alii ftudip ta^
lium rerum incitati, qyis
a^ta, cqnfiJiumque ighb-
irantibus tumuktis ipfe, &
|:es nov^ iatis |4acebant.

LXXI. Roaiam mjit-
te$, improvifo metU) in-
certi ignariqpe, quod
pQtifiumun:) fiicecent, tre-
p^dare ad areem pppidt,
Ubi fima, & fcut^ eraat ;
jprsfimum hoili^% porr

Jin^ whenJugurthtLmade im.ofir
(f fubmittirigy heing wearied^mt^
ky th£ fcUcitations of the Kingy
ah4: inae^d. not difaffeSfed to bim
befon, ; ike headt ^of ttlem enter
into a. confpirac^ fon betraying the
t<nvn* £^r ths cjommon p^opiey ac^*
cording to tbeir ufual teniper,^ efpe-^
cially among. the Nunudians^ w'ere
ficklej feditijBUS^ a^d' cinU/iUoitSy ^
fond. ofchangej amf. enenms, tapeace
and quietriefs^ l^b^fe. gentlenujt ha^
vingformeiit^eir plotl pitched up-'
onthe third day dfterfor tbeexe-
cution. ofit^ becaufe that being a
fefiivcd much obferved throughout
all J^rica^ naturally gave occafim
to exp^p nirtb andjoUity^ aiuLn^'
ihing ofterr^ur^ at fuch a time.:
Whm the day wascome^ theyJnvite
tbe centurions and tribunes; ^jbith
tbegovermur tf the town^ T. Slur'-
pilius SiianuSy to their boufes^ one
one-f and another angther of them^
and murder^ed them ail during tbe
fejafi^ excepting TurpiSus ; after
whicb they fcdl upon thefildierSy ^
jdifperfed aboui town^ and unarmed^
being holiday^ and confequently uti-;
der no command» The commonalty
toodo the liAcj part ofthem at the
infiigation of the nobility^ and o^
thers out of a^ fondnefi for tbe
work ; wboy ihd^ they knew not
mellwhat wa§ doing^ or the de-*
fign^i yet liied the commotiony and
. th^ novelty of the thing,

LXXI'. Tbe Roman foUierSy
upon this, unexptHed alarm^ being
in great dotfbt and uncertainty
what courfe ta take^ ran in great
burry to the citadel of the town^
wbere their flandards and Jhields^
were', butfound the gates Jhuty

ta

i66

C. CRISPI SALLtJSTII

te ante dau&e fu^m
prohibebant ; ad hoc
mulieres puerique pro
tedts srdificiorum faxa,
& alia, quae locus prse-*
bebat, certatim mittere.
Ita neque caveri anceps
malum, neque a fortiilu-
mis infirmiirumo generi
refifii poiTe ; juxta honi,
malique, ftrenui, & im-
beiles inulti obtruncati.
Ineatanta aijperitate, fae-
viilumis Numidis^ & op-
pido uhdique clauib,
Turpilius praefe£his unus
ex omnibus Italicis pro-
fugit inta£his ; id mife*-
ricordia ne hofpitis, an
padione, ancafu ita eve-
nerit, parum comfibri- .
mus ; nifi^ quia iUi in
tanto malo, turpis vita
integra fama potior fuit,
improbus inteftabilifque
videtur. Metellus, poft-
quam de rebus Vaccae
a£tis comperit, pauUifper
mceftus e confpedu abit ;
deinde, ubi ira,& aegritudo
permiftafunt, cum max-
\una cura uhum ire inju-
rias fefhnat. Legionem,
cum qua hiemabat, &
quam plurimos poteft
Numidas equites pariter
€um occafu folis expedi-
tQS educit ; & poftera die,
•circiter horam tertiam,
pervenit in quamdam pla-
nitiem, locis paullo fu-
perioribus circumventam.
Ibi milites feiTos itineris
ixipgnitudine, & jamab*

and a guard fo/hd t^ pTivent fheir

getting in, Befides^ the women

4xnd children upon the tops qf the

hok/esy pliedthem off with ftenes^

andoughteUe that came to hand.

In this douhle diftrefs^ it was im^

pcffiblefor them to take any pro^er

meafures for their own fecurtty %

nor could the hravtjl refifi the

weake/i. The courageous and ihe

cowardly^ the vigorous and unac^

tive perifhed all a like iinrevenged,

In this difmal cafe^ the Numidians

breathing nothing but defiru&ion^

andthegates being ali clofe^ Tur-

pilius the governour was the only

man of aU the Italians^ tbat got

fafe offy whether through the €om-

* Paffion ofthe perfon that ^rUertain-

elhm,by <mpaa, or cbame,

does not appear, But however^ as

in the common calamity, he pre^

ferred a fcandahus life hefore his

honouTy he mufi^ Ithink^ P^fifi^

a detefiaUe fcoundreL When Me"

tellus heard of the tranfa^ions at

Vacca^ he was fo much affeStedy

thatfor fome time he declined all

companyi but at taff refentment

mixing with his forrow^ his mind

was whoUy taken up with the

thoughts of reveHge. Accordingly

he draws out the legion he winter^

ed with^^ and as many light Nu^

midian horfcj as he^could get toge^

ther about fun-fet ; and the next

dayy by three ofthe chck^ he came

into q plaiiiy enclofed on all fides

with rifing ground. There the

foldiers being much fatigued with

their marchy and now refufing

to obey orderSy he teUs themj

that the town of Vacca was not

abome a mile fffl (tnd that tbey

nuei^tis

i

^

BElLUM JUGURTHINUM.

J67

nuentis omnia, docetqp-
pidum Vaccam.non am-
plius miUe pafTuum ahef*
fe \ decere illos reliquum
laborem aequo animo pa-
ti, dum pro civibus'. fuis
viris foriiiTumiS) atque
miferrumis, poenas cape-
rent. Praeterea praedam
benigne oftentat» Sic ani-
rois eorum arreSis, equi-
tes in primo latere, pedi-
tes quam ardiffiime ire,
& figna occultare }ubet.

LXXII. Vaccenfesubi
animadvertere ad fe vor-
fum exercitum pergcre;
primo^ uti res erat, Me-
tdium efle rati, port?s
daufere;'deinde, ubi ne-
que agros yaftari, & eos,
qul primi aderant, Nu-
midas equit6svident;rur-
fum Jugurtham ^bitrati,
cum ma^io gaudio obvii
procedunt. Equites pedi-
tefque, repente figno da-
to, alii vulgum efFufiim
oppido cxdere; alii ad
portas feftioare ; pars tur-
res capere; ira, atque
fpespriedae amplius,quam
lailitudo, pofle. Ita Vac-
cenfes biduum modo ex
perfidia Ixtati \ civitas
magna, & opulens, pce-
nae cunftaautprsedae fiiit.
Turpilius, quem prasfec-
tum (^pidi unum ex om-
nibus profugifle, fupra
oftendimus, juiTus a Me-
tello caufam dicere ;
poftquam fefeparum ex-
purgaty condemnatus,

ought to har with patience the
little remaining fatiguej to - take
vengeancefor thi murder of their
brave but unhappyy .countrytfun*
At thefame timey he civilly made
theman offer of the plundfr, of the
place. The hearif^ of this put^
ting new life inio thenty he orders
the horfe io advance firjiy and, the
foottofolkfiv after in clofe array^
CQncealing theirjiandards* >

LXXII. 7he Vaccenftdnsy upr^.
on tbe firfl difcovery of an army
coming agait^ themy fuppofmg it
10 be MeteHuSy as it waSj Jhut
their gates 5 but perceiving , no
ravage madcy and that th^^in
in the van vDere Numidian horfe ;
concluding that fugurtha was
ihercy tbeyfaUy out to meet him
withgreat joy, Whereupon both
horfe andfooty upon a fudden Jig^
nal given^ fime made havock of
themob thatcamefrom the town^
whilfi others haffenedto the gatesy
and others got into the towers up-
on the wall ; and now their pajfi^
onj andihe hopes efplundery made
them forget atl theirfatigue. Thus
the VaccenfianSy agreat and weaL
thy peoplcj after a joy of two days
coniinuancefor the fuccefs of their
late treacheryy were all either put
tothefwordor plundered. Tur^
pilius the governour ofthe towny
whoy we have already faidy was
the only one that made his efcapey
was called before a court martial
by Metellus ; where making but a
poor defenccy he was fentenced to
dicy and being firji lajhedy was

verbe-

i6)5

C. CRTBPl SALLUSTIl

vdrbenittifiiue, capite pt£^
nas folvit ^ nuin is civfs^
cxLatiaerat,

LXXHI. Per idem
tempus Bomilcar, cujas,
iAipmfu JugUitha dediti-
ohekn, ^uam nietu ddb-
ruit, inceperat, fafce£hre
regi, ic ipfe eum fuipid-
ens, novas res CBtptrt ; ad

lifiirwards htbiiided. 'Fbr ie tuas
a R^man only <mth 'tb$ prwiUgt
tf Latiuin.

LXXliL MBuvihe ^fitnu tim
B67hilcar;;iaryohffiiMftigatien yu~
^gurtia kadheigdn io 'make afur-
render offiis kingdcitty wiich de-
ftgn he- ^temrards rftittgmjhid
thrdngh fiar^ being fafpeSfed hy

ihe King^ ^artdhiafelf fi^chus of
pemiciem qus <lolum himj^out \f a 'defire to get ridof

hiniy was toraekhlg his bru^nttGn
day and:night, tn the contri^&ance
ofa plot for hisdeftrfi&im ; /ind
afier a vtirietyif.proje&s for the
pUrpofe^ at iaft bsgages Nahdidfa
in the defign^ a noifknian rf gnm
efiate and lntefej}< in- his toventry -j
who.ufed generaUytoximmcmd an
army aparf .frovi the.iKing^ aid
iakecharge iffucb affisan rela^
iingto the wdrj' as^the 'JCfng was
at any time too 'mKch\fatiguBd ta
dttend upon \in perfon^.orprevent"
edftomfo doing by hufmefs of high^
er concerh 4 by which means he bad
acqkired io 'himfelf great gioryj
dnda vafi ejiate, . Wherefore hj
pOfceret, ex tertiporepa- joint coi^eni^ a dpy was fi^sedfor
rari plactiit, 'NabdaHa' tbeexecution of ^ their plot ; tbi

mannerwhneofwastohervguia^
ted according to the exigencyiif the
Hme, Upon this^ Nabdalja went
to the grmy ; which^ hy ordar of
the Kingy he had ' withiH tht kne^
tnf s winter^quarters^ in' order to
oppoje or revenge any ravage of
thetrs in thecountry. But hefiag^
geritig at the greatnefs of fhe un^
dertakingy dnd fearftti :of ihe if
patrandi, & timore focii fue^ came niit at ihe time appoiht^
an^ius, ric^ x>miSo vetere ed y whichprevented ihe execution
^hfilio, liovum quasre- ofibe dejign.. Whereikpon Botml^
ret ; httcras iid eum per car^ as •weUfrorn aneager ekfire

I ho-

quaerere ; diu no(^uquefa-
tigare animum ; denique,
omnia tentando, focium
fibi adjungit Kab^alfa^,
hominem nobiiem, m%-
nisopibtis clarum, '^ccep-
tumque popularibus feis ;
qui plerumque leorfotn
alf rege exercitum -fluc-
tare, & omnis res exloqui
folitus erat, quae Ji^ir-
ihst fefib, aut majbnbus
adllrido, fuperavarant ;
cxquo illi glorra", opefqute
inventae. Igitur utriufque
confilio dies infidiisrfta-
tuitur ; cafetera, tit t^s

ad excrcitum profedus ;
quem inter hibefna Ro-
manorum jufius habebat,
ne ager inuitis hc^fhbys
vaftar^tur. Is poilquam,
inagnitudine facinofis
perculfus, ad tempus non
venit ; metufquc S*em.
impediebat : Bomilcar fi-
nral cupidinibus incdepta

6EtLUM JUGURTHINUM. ,, 169

hothmes fidelis mittit j in of accompHJhing hU purpofe^ as

queis molitiem, focordi- alfofrom a concern at the timorouf

amque viri • accufare ; nefs of hh friend^ lefi he^ drop^

teftari deos, perv quos ping iheir former defign^ Jhould

juraviflet ; monere, ne engage in a new one to his de/iruc-'

pramia MetelU in peflem tion^ difpatches a letter to him by

converteret j Jugurtha fome confidents \ in which he up^

exitium adejji ; caterumy braided him with cowardice^ and

Jua ne^ virtute Metelli want of fpirit j called the gods^

periret^ id modo agitari j hy whom they hadfworn^ to witnfs

froinde reputaret cum ani" again/i him ; and advifed him to

mo fub^ pramia an cruci" have a careof turningthetewards

atum maUet. they had ^o expect from iVi eleilus,
to their common deftru£lion ; that Jugurtha was on the brink
of ruin ; but whether that was to bc effefted by their refolu-

tionorthat of Metellus, was the onlything they were to
confider. Whereforehe would do well to think with himfelf,
which he would make choice of, rewards, qr cruel death.

LXXIV. Sedcumhae LXXIV. PFhenthisIettercame

litterae adlatae, forte Nab- to the hands of Nahdalfa^ he hap'^

dalfa,. exer^jito corpore pened to be refiing hipfelf upon

feffus, in ledlo quiefcebat. thehedafter the faiigue cfexercife»

Ubi, cognitis Jiomilcaris Up})n reading of ity he was fuli of

verbis, primo cura, dein- perplexity ; andafier hehadwea;»

de, uti aegrum animum ried himfelf with mufing upon the

Jfolet, fomnus cepit. Erat matter^ as it often happens in fuch
ei Numida quidam nego- . r^j, hefella fieep. He had a

tiorunl curator fidus, ac- faithful fervanty a Numidian^

ceptufque, & orjinium much entrufied hy him in the ma-

confilioruni) nifi noviflii- nagement of his affairs^ highly in

mi, particeps. Quipoft- his favour^ and acquainted with

quam allatas litteras au- a/i his defigns^ excepting the lafi,

clivit, ex confuetudlne Who^ upon hearing a letter was

ratus opera, aut ingenio broiight for his mafier^ fuppofing ;

fuo opus efle, in taberna- he might^ as ufuaL, have occafion

culum introit ; dormi- for his fervice or advice upon ity

ente illo, epiftolam, fu- entered his tent ; and finding him

per caput in pulvino te- afieep^ takes the letter^ that was

mere pofitam, fumit, ac careiefiy laid*abov,e his head upon

perlegit ; dein prppere, hispiilowy andreads it, Havingj

cognitis infidiis, ad regem by this means difcovered tfje ploty

pergit. Nabdalfa, poft he gocs in ali hafie to the King.

pauUo experreftus, ubi Nabdalfa awahing foon after^ mtf

neque epirtolam reperit, fed his leiter, and being informed

lyo

C.CRISPI SALLUSTII

& rem otnnem, uti afta
crat, ex perfugis cogno-
vit ; primo indicem per-
fequi conatus ; poflquam
id frurtra fuit, Jugurtham
placandi gratia, accedit ;
dicit quse ipfe paraviffet
facere, perfidia clientis
fui praeventum -, lacru-
mans obtejfatur per ami-
citiamy perque Jua antea
fideliter aSfa^ ne fuper
tali fcelere fufpe^um fefe
haberet,

LXXV. Ad ea rex
arliter, atque animo gcre-
bat, placide refpondit.
Bomilc^re, aliifque mul-
tis, quos focio$ infidiarum
cognoverat, interfectis,
iram opprefferat, ne qua
ex eo necotio feditio ori-
retur. Neque poft id lo-
corum Jugurthae dies, aut
nox ulla quieta fuit j ne-
que loco, neque mortali
cuiquam aut tempori fa-
tis credere; civis, hofti«
juxta metuere j circum-
ipedare omnia, & omni
ftrepitu pavefcere ; alio,
atque alio loco faepe con-
Ira decus r^gium, nodlu
requiefcere j interdum
fomno excitus, arreptis
armis tumultum facere ;
ira 'formidine, quafi ve-
cordia exagitari. «

LXXVl. IgiturMe-
tcllus, ubi de cafu Bomii-
caris, &indicio patefadto
ex perfugis cpgnovit \
rurfus tanquam ad inte-
grum bcUum cunda pa-

hy fome deferters^ of what had paf-

fed^ he firjl of all endeavoured io

overtake the informer ; hut finding

he could not do that^ he goes him-

Jelfto the Kingy in order to moUi'

fy him ; telling him^ that he had

been prevented in what he defigned

to do himfelf, by the perfidiouihefs

of his fervant ; and with tears be-

feeches him by his favour for liim,

and the merit of his former fcrvl-

ces, not to fufpedl him*

LXXV. The King dijfembling
the real Jenti?henti cf bis mind^
gave hirn a kind anfwer, And thcn
putting Bcmilcar^ and ?nany others
be Joiind concerned with hifn in the
ploty to deathy fupprefjed his re^
fentment agaivji ISIabdalfa^ for
fear ofan infurre£fion in his fa^
vour, From this day forward ju-
gurtha had m quiet day or nighty
as not knoiving how to trujt himfclf
in any place or company^ andfear^
ing his fubjeSis and enemies fill a-
like, He was ever looking round
him afirighted with the leaj) riBife^
and rejied a-nights^ fometimes in
one place foinetimes in another^ un-
hecoming a prince. Sometimes ke
wouldjlart fuddenly^ in great dif-
order^ out of his fleep^ atid take to
his arms ; and was haunted with
hisfcars to dijirc^ioiu

LXXVI. inen MeteUus' heard
ly fome dejerttrs^ of the fate of
Boiniicar^ and the dfcovery of the
*pIot^ he makes^ in all hajie^ f^^fh
preparations for the renewal cf
ihczvar. And as Marius was per-

BELLUM JUGURTHIN.UM.

171

ratj feftinatque, Marium,
fatigantem de profedti-
one, fimul & invitum, '
& ofFenfum fibi parum
idonfcum ratus, domum
dimittit. Et Romae ple-
bes, litteris^ quae de Me-
tello ac Mario miflae
erant, cognitis, volenti
anrmo de ambobus acce-
perant. Imperatori no-
bilitas, quae antea decori
fuerat, invidiae efle ; at
illi alterigeneris humilitas.
favorem addiderat ; cae-
terum in utroque ma^s
ftudia partium, quam bo-
na aut mala fua, mode-
rata. Praeterea feditiofi
magiftratus vulgum exa-
gitare, Metellum omni-
bus conciohibus capitis
arceflTere, Marii virtutem
in maju» celebrare. De-
nique plebes fic accenfa,
uti opificeSj agreftifque
omnis, quorum res, fidef-
guein manibiis fitae erant,
relidlis operibus frequen-
tarent Marium, & fua
neceflaria poft illius hono-
rem ducer<||pt. Ita per-
culfa nobilitate, poft
niultas tenipeftates, novo
homini Confulatus man-
datur ; & poftea populus
a tribuno plebis Manlio
Mantino rogatus, quem
vellet cum Jugurtha bel-
lum gerere, frequens Ma-
rlum juflit. Sed fenatus
paullo ante Metello Nu-
|Tiidiam decreverat, ea res
ifruftrafuit.

petually foUciting him^ for his dif-
charge^ and he thought he would
he of fmall farvice to him^ if ae-
tained again/i his will^ and out 'of
humour^ he fends him home, At
Rome too^ whenthe commons came
io know the contents oj the Istters
relating tv Metellus and Marius^
they were well pleafed with the
treatmerJ of both. The generaVi
noble defcent^ which hefore had
heen an ornament to him^ riqw ex-^
pofed him to the hatred of the peo^
ple ; whil/i the Igw hirth of the
other procured him their favour»
But party-rage prevmled more in
the cafe pf hoth^ than their own
good or bad qualities, Befides^
fomefaSiious magifirates infiamed
the popular heaty by charging Me-
tellus.y in .all their harangues^ ivith
capiial crimeSy and magnifying pro^
digioufly the great cmtduci ofMa^
rius. Injhortj thepeoplewere fo
firedy that the mechanicks in town^
with the boors from the country^
whofe fuhfiance and credit lay all
in their daily. labour^ quitting their.
feveral employments^ gave con/iant,^
attendanpe upon Marjus^ andpofi-,-
poned their mvn neceffary concerns
to his honour, The nobility being
by this means quite difpirited^ af-
ter much bufiU^ the Confulfiip is
put into the hands of thts upfiart
gentleman Marius, And by a billy.
which the tribune of the comnwnSy,
Manlius Mantinus^ preferred to
thn people^ in a full affembly^ he
was ordered to manage the war.
with Jugurtha, 'ihe Senate indeed
had a liitle before voted the pro-
%)ince of Numidia for MetelluSy
but all in vain,

Yt. lxxvii.

174 C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

do inftruSus ad Thalam ed^ there fellfuch a vaft quantitj

proficifcitur/ Deiildcubi of rain^ they tell you^ that thai

ad id loci ventum, quod alone wouldhave beenfuffcientfor

"Numidis praeceperat r & the army^ dnd more thanfiifficient,

caftra pofita, munitaque Jnd provifiom tdo were hrought in

funt ; tanta repente coelo greater plenty than was expe^ed ;

mifla vis aquae dicitur, ut ' hecaiife the Numidians^ like mcfi

ca modo exercitui fatis pther people after afuhmiffon^ had

fuperque foret. Praeterea executed the orders given them^

coromeatus fpe amplior; with extraordinary care. But the

quia Numidas, ficuti ple- foldiers^ from fi fuperfiitious vuhim

rique in nova deditione, chofe rather io ufe the rain^ than

officia intenderant. C«- river^water ; and the tlnng ani-

tctum milites, refigione, mated them exceedingly ; becaufe

pluvia magis ufi ; eaque they fuppofedhy that^ the immortal

res multum animis eorum Gods took care of them. The day

addidit ; nam rati fefe following^ contrary to fugurtha^s

Diis immortafibus curae ex^peSlation they arrived' at Tha^

cffe. Deihde poftero die la, The towns-people^ who ima-

contra opiriiondm Jugur- gined themjilv^r ftifficientlyfeeured

thae, ad Thalam perve- hy the adjoining' ^ildernefi^ being

niunt.. Oppidan;, qui fe. furprixed at fo griat amt uncom^

locorum •afperitate nmni- monan eventy iidy notwithftand'

tos ^crediderant, magna ing preparefor a vigorous defence ;

atque infolita re perculfi, as our men did^ on the otber hand^

hihilo fegnius bellum p^- for theattack.
rare ; i<^em noftri facere.

LXXIX. Sed rex nihil; LXXIX. ButtheKihgthink^

jam Metello infe^him ing nownothing impojftble for Me-

crcdens, quippe qui om- . tellus^ as who had by his indujlry

nia arma, tela, locos, ^conqueredarmSy placeSy times^ and

tempora, denique Natu- finally nature itfelf that rules

ram ipfam, cseteris impe- over all things elfe^'fied out of

ritantem, induftria vice- thetown in the night-tifnej with

rat, cumliberis, & magna his children^ and a great part of

parte pecuniae ex oppido his money ; and never afterjlayed

noSu profiigit ; neque ahove one day^ or one night^ in the

poftea in ullo loco ampK- fame place\ pretending himfelfto

us un:i die, aut una nofte he upon bufmefs thdt required hajle^

moratus, fimulabat, fefe 'But indeed he was afraid ofbeing

negotii gratia properare ; heirayed^ whick he hoped to pre-

caeterum prbditionem ti- vent by his expedition ; becaufe fuch

mebat, quam vitare pofle deftgns are tyually hatched by vir^

celerifate putabat, Nam tue of thoji advantages^ which a

tali^

BELLXJM JUGURTHINUM.

17^

talia confilia per otium &
ex opportunitate capi.
At Metellus ubi oppida-
nos prcelio intentos, fi-
mul oppidum & operi-
bus, & loco munitum
videt, vallo, foflaque moe-
nia circumvenit. Deinde
jubet locis ex copia max-
ume idoneis vineas agere ;
fuperque eas aggerem ja-
cere, & fiiper aggerem
impofitis turribus opus &
adminiftrostutari. Contra
haec oppidani feftinare,
parare ; prorfus ab utrif-
que nihil reliquum fieri.
Denique Romani, multo
ante labore, proeliifque
fatigati, poft dies quadra-
ginta, quam eo ventum
erat, oppido modo potiti j
praeda omnis a perfugis
corrupta. li poftquam
murum arietibus feriri,
refque fuas afHiclas vi-
dent, aurum, atque argen-
tum, & alia, quae prima
ducuntur, domumregiam
comportant ; ibi vino, &
cpulis onerati, illaque, &
domum, & lemet igni ccm*-
rumpunt ; & quas vi6li
ab hoftibus poenas metu-
erant, eas ipfi volentes
pependere. Sed pariter
cum capta Thala legati
cx oppido Lepti ad Me-
tellum venerant, orantes
uti prafidium ^rafe^ium-
que eo mitteret 5 Uamii-
cxirem quendam^ hominem
nohilemy faSfiofum^ novis
rebus Jfudere ; advorfum

' time of eafe and reji affords^ Me^
tellus finding the tqwm-people re-
fohed upon thedefence ofthe placey
and that it was well fecured both
by natvre and art^ draws a line of
circumvallation quite round \ and
then erders his men topujh up their
vinea infuchplaces,^ as would moft
conveniently admit ofthem^ to cajl
up a mounty andfrom towers eretJ-*
ed thereupon^ to defend the worksy
and thofe concerned therein, Or^
the other hand^ the toivnfmeri were
not idle^ but provided all ihings
for their defence. Injhorty nothing
zvas left unattempted on either fide.
At length the Romans withinfor-
ty days after they came before the
place^ with a world offatigue and
hardfightingy made toemfehes ma-*
Jlers of it, But the plunder was
all deflroyed by the Roman defer^
ters in town* For they^ asfoon as
they found the rams begun to play
upon the wally and what a defpe"
rate cafe they were in^ carry the »
gold and fiher^ and every thing
elfe that was valuable^ to the royal
palace \ and thercy after they had
glutted themfehes with wrne and
good cheer^ they defiroyed all the
the treafure and themfehes tooy
by fetiingfire io ihe houfe y and
voluntarily infii£led upon them-
fehes the punifbment^ they appre^
hended from the enemy^ if they
fellinto their hands, Juji at the
jun^ure when Thala was takcKy
fome deputies carne from the town
'Of Leptis to Metellus^ hegging of
him to fend a garrifon and a gover-
nour thither 5 that one Hamilcar
there, a perfon of great birth and
intereft, was in a plot againft the

' quem

176

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

^um neque imperia magi^
Jiratuum^ neque leges vq-
Jerent j ni id fejlinaret
in fummo pericuh fuam
falutem^ ilhrum Jhcios fo"
re. Nam Lcptftani jam
inde a principio bclii Ju-
gurthini ad Beftiam Con-
Ailem, & poftea Romam
miferant, amicitiam,

focietatemque rogatum .
Deinde, ubi ea impetrata,
femper boni, iidelefque
manfere, & cunda a Be-
ftia, Albino, Metelloque
imperata nave fecerant.
Itaque ab imperatore fa-
cUe, quae petebant, adep-
ti. Emiffae eo cohortes
Ligurum quatuor, &
Caius Annius praefecStus.
LXXX." Id oppidum
. ab Sidoniis conditum eft,
quos accipimus profugos
ob difcordias civilis navi-
bus in eos Idcos venifle ;
caeterum fitum interduas
Syrtis, quibus nomen ex
re inditum. Nam duo funt
finus prope in extrema
Africa, impares magnitu-
dine, pari natura ; quorum
proxuma terrae praealta
funt ; caetera, uti fors
tulit alta ; alia in tempe-
ftate vadofa* Nam ubi
mare magnum efie, &
iaevire coepit ventis, li-
mum arenamque, & faxa
ingentia fludus trahunt ;
ita fiicies locorum cum
ventis fimul mutatur.
Syrtes ab tra£lu nomina^
ta. Ejus civitatis lingua

govcrnment, 3^n4 \?as likc to bc'
too ftrong for thc magiftratcs and
laws: unlefshedifpcitcnedawiy the
afliftance forthwitb, they, the al-
lies of tbe Romans, would be in
the utmoft dang^r. For the Lep-
titanij at the very beginning ofthe
war with fugurtha^ had fent firjl
to the (jonfid Befti^i^ and after-
wards to Rome^ tq dejira our
friendjhlp and alliance ; and their
requejl being granted^ they remain^
edtrue and trujly ever gfter ; ani
punSfuatly executed all orders re^
ceived from Befiia^ AlbinuSj and
Metellus, Wherefore they Jhund
from the general a ready compit-
ancewith their dejires, Four iat"
talions ofLigurians werefent thi-
ther^ under the command of C.
Annius,

LXXX. That town %uas built
by the Sidonians^ whoy as tradition
fays^ being obliged by civil broils at
home to leave their native country^
came by Jhipping into thofe parts,
It is fttuatedbetwixt the two Syr-
teSy which arefo called from the
nature ofthem, For they are two
bays almo/i in the extremity of A-
frica^ unequalin ifignefs^ bui of
like nature ; whereof the parts
nigh the Jhore are very deep ; the
rejfi are fome deep^fome JhalloWy
ejpecially much fo in aJior?n. For
when the fea begins to fwell^ and
grow boijierous.by the winds^ the
waves drag the mudy fand^ and
hugejiones about^ wherehy the ap-
pearance of the place is perpetual-
ly changing with the wind ,y and
from this dragging they are caJIed
Syrtes. The Janguage ofthai tozun
bas undergone an qlteration from

modo

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

177

inodo cottv^rTa connubio
IQ^umidarum ,; legum,
cultufque pleraque^bido-
nica; quae eo facilius
fetinebant^ quod procul
ab imperio regis setatem
agebant. Inter illos, &
frequentem Numidiam
multi vaftique loci erant.

LXXXL Sed) quoni-
am in has regiones per
Lreptitanorum negotia
venimus, non indignum
videtur, ^egium, atque
mirabile facinus duorum
Carthagenienfium me-
morare ; eam rem nos
locus ^dmonuit. Qua
tempeftate Carthagenien-
fes plersque Africae im-
peritabant, Cyrenenfes
quoque inagni, atque
opulenti fuere. Ager in
medio arenofus, una fpe--
cie ; neque flumen, neque
mons erat, qui finis eo-
rum difcerneret ; quae res
eos in magno diviturnoque
bello inter fe habuit. Pofl-
^uam utrimque legiones,
item clafies iiaepe fuiae,
fugataeque, & alteri alt6-
ros aliquantum attrive-
rant ; veriti, ne mox
vi£los vidorefque defef-
fos alius aggrederetur, per
inducias fponfionem faci-
unt, uti certo die legati
domo proficifcerentttr ;
quo in kco inter fe obvii
fuijfenty is communis utri»
ufque populr finis habere^
tur. Ifftur Carthagine

tbeir intermarriages with the Nii^
midians ; but mojft things in their
lawsy and way of living\ are de^»
rivedfrom the Sidonians ; which
they retained the more eaftly^ be-^
caufe oftheir being atfogreat a di^
/iancefrom the power and infiuence
of the King of Perfia. Betwixt
them^ and the welf^inhabited parts
ofNumidia^ lies a wide difdrt.

LXXXL Butfince we are got
into thefe partSy upon occafion of
mentioning the Leptitani^ , / thini
it may not be dmifs to give an ac-^
count of an extraordinary wonder-
ful a£fion performed by two Car-*
thaginians ; which the mention of
Leptis puts me in nfindof At the
timethe Carthaginians ruledover
the greatefi part of Africa^ ihe
Gyreniqns were agreat and weal-
thypeopUi Xhe country lying A/-
twixt them and the Carthaginians
wasall fandy^ without variety or
difiin^ign ; of one uniform appea^
rance ; having neither rivh noir
mountainy tofix the limits of eacb
dominion ; which thing proved the
occafion of a terrible and tedious
war, After great loffes had been
fuflainedon eachfide by land^ and
byfea^ to the weakening ofboth j
fearing lefifome third people fiisuld
faU upon the conquered and conque-'
rors together^ when weary, they
came to ^ ceffation of armsy and
thereupon an agreementy that de-
puties (hould, upon a day appoint-
ed, depart frpm each place ; and
where tbey met, (hould be the
coQimon boundary of their domi-
nions. Accordingly two brothers,
caUed Pbilanisy were fent from
Carthage^ wbo made tbeir journey
2t duo

Iv^

G. GRISPI SAL1.USTII

duo fratres miffi; quibus
nomen Fhilaenis erat, ma-
turavere iter pergere ;
Cyrenenfes tardius ierc..
Id focordiane, an cafu
acciderit, parum cognovr.

wtth aU due difpatth. But the cy-'
renians were not fo quick ; ivhether
through lazinefsj orfome ilUchance^
Ido notfind, For in thefe piirts^
ajiorm will detain travellers ai
effe^uallyy as hyfea. A U^indari'
Caeterum Iblet in illis locis Jtng ufon that levti and nakei
tempeftas haiid fecus, at- foil^ heaves up thefandy and zvith
que in mari retinere. great violence drives it in their
Nam, ubi per loca aequa- Jaces and eyes ; and fo pre^venting
lia, & nuda gignentium their feeing the way hefore the^n^
ventus coortus arenam Jlops.them, When the Cyreniam
humo exci tayit, ea magna Jound themfehes hehind the othevy
vi agitata, oraj oculofquc fearing to be punijhed at home Jcr
impTei^e folet ; itaprofpec- iheir mifcondu6iy^they charged the
tu impedko, morari. iter. Garthaginians with fetting out he-
Poftquam Cyrenenfes ali- fore thetime appointedfor if y ma-
quanto pofteriores fc efle king a mightybujile upon ky. as he-
* ' ' ' ^ V y^^ wilHng to do any thingy rather

thango offhaffled. The Cartha^

Vident, & ob rem corrup-
tam domi poends mctu*
unt ; criminari Carthagi-
nienfes ante tempus do-
mp digreflbs^i eonturbare
rem ; denique omnia
malle, quam Vi&i abire.
Sed cum Poeni aliam
conditionem, tantum-
modo sequam, peterent,
Gra:ci optionem Cartha-
ginienfium faciunt, ut
vel il/iy quoi finls populo
fuo pet£renty ibi vivi oh^
ruerentur ; vel eadem
conditione fefcy quam in
locum vciienty proceffu-
ros ; Philseni, conditione
probata, f^que, vitamqiic
fuam reipublicae condo-
itavere; ita vivi obruti.

ginians defiring any other uuay oj
deciding ihe matter^ that ivas fair
and equaly the Greeks made them*
this propofaly either to be buried
alive there, where they were for
fixing the boundary of their domi-
nion, or that they would advance
as far as they thought proper, up-
on the like condition. Vhe Phi-
lani accepting the offery made a
facrifice ' of themfelveSy and their
'liveSy to' their country ; and ivere
huried alive.. The Carthaginians
dedicated altars in that place to-
the memory of the tw$ hrothersy
the Philani ; and injHtuted feve-
ral other honoujrs to be paid to them
at kcme.. But now to my purpofe-

again,

Carthagenienfes in eoJoco Plrilsenis fratribus aras confecravere >
aiiique illis domi honores inftituti. Nunc ad rem redeo.

LXXXli. Ju^rurtha LXXXII. Jugurthay after the
gioftquam amii&' Thala, hfs ofThalhy thinking noihingfuf^
iiihil fatis ^xxrkXiXCL.QfX)Xxz.-jxientlyftcureaminJlMeteUusyfitd

Me-

'BBLLUM JUGURTHINUM*

-m

MetcUum putat ; per

cnagnas folitudines cum

paucis profedus, pervenit

ad Gaetulos, genus bo-

•xnirium ferum, incultum-

que, &eo tempore igna-

rum nominis Romani.

Eorum multitudinem in

unum cogit j ac ,paulla-

tim confuefacJt ordines

liabere, fjgna fequi, im-

perium .bbfi^vare, item

^l i a militare facere. Prae-

•terea regis Bocchi proxu-

mos magnis muneribus,

& majoribus promiffis ad

ftudium (ui perducit ;

queis adjutoribus regem

>adgreflus, impelUt, uti

advorfum Romanos.. bel-

,lum fufcipiat. Id' ea

^ratia facilius, proniufque

fuit, quod Bocchus initio

hujufce belll legatos Ro-

mam miferat, foedus,

.& amidtiam petitum.

Qjiam rem opportuniflu-

mam incoepto belli, pauci

jmpediverant, caeci ava-

ritia, gueis orania honefta

^atque inhonefta vendere

mos erat. Etiam antea

Jugurthse .fijia Bocchi

nupferat. .Verum ea

neceflitudo ^pud .Nurai-.

das, Maurofque levis du-

citur ; quia finguli pro

opibus, quifqqe quam

plurimas uxores, denas

alii, alii plures habent,;

fed reges eo amplius. Ita

animus multitiidine ^ di-

ftrahitur ; nuUam pro fo-

pia obtinet; pariter ora-

;j\es vijes funt.

wlth afmall fetinue^ thraugh vajl
defarts^ into the land of the Ge-
tulians^ a wild unpolijhed people^^
unacquainted wiih the -Roman
name, He ynvfters up.a gretit num-
her &fthe?n^ and ieaihcs them to
form companies^ follow theirjlan^ *
dards^ obferve cotnmand^ and to
h^have in all refpeSis like foldiers,
Helikewife hy great prefentSy and
greaier. promifes^ engages in his .
intereji fome of the grcatejl fa^
vouvitei. of King Bocchus^ by zvhofe
qffijlan(^ he at Iqfl prevails witb
the King to undertake a war a-r
gainji the Rotnans. .JVhich was
the more eaftly hrought nbout^ '^^-
caufe Bocchus^ in the beginning of
this war had feni ambaffadors to
Rome^ to treat upon ^n alliance
with the Roman people* IVhich
thingy iho* likely to prove offin^
gular fervice in ihe war^ yetfome
gantlemen^ blinded with avariccy
who were ready for any kind of
worp!y honourcible^ :er ptherwijey
ifth^y wer£,but well pofd fcr itj
had obfiruSfed^ Bocchus^-s daugh^
>ter ^had liliewife before .this been
married to JuguKtha. But the
tie.of affinity is little rrgqrded a-
T^on^ft theNumidians^i andMoorsCj
^becaufe with them svery man may
have as many wives as he can main^
iain .; and accordingly fonie hav£
. ten^ jothers more ; but th'e Kings
more than any body. Thus the
mind' beitig divided hy the number^
they look upon none as a friend or
co?npa?iion j but treat themaU witb
contcmpt alikc- • - -

Z^

Ltxxa.

i8o

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

LXXXni. Igitur in
locum ambQbus placitum
exercitus convcniuixt ;
ibi, fide «lata, & accepta,
Jugurtha Bocchi animum
oratione accendit ; Rd"
manos inju/loSy profunda
dvaritiaj communes om-
nium ho/iis ejjfe ; eandem
illos caujfam helli cum
Boccho haherej quam fe»
€um, £sf cum aliis genti-^
huSj lubidinem imperi-
tandi^ queis omnia regna
advorfa Jint ; tum fefe^
paullo ante Corthagini^
enfesy item . Regem Per^
fen^ poli^ uti quifque opu-^
leritijjtmus videatur^ ita
Romanis hoftemfore, His,
atque aliis talibus didis,
adCirtam oppidum iter
conftituunt ; qu<)d ibi Q.
Metellus praedam, capti-
vofque, & impedimenta
locaverat. Ita Jugurtha
ratus, aut capta urbe,
operae pretium fore ; aut,
f\ Romanus auxilio fuis
veniflet, prcelio feie cer-
taturos. Nam callidus id
modo feftinabat,^ Bocchi
pacem imminuere ; ne,
moras agitando, aliud,
quam bellum, mallet.

LXXXIV. Imperator
poQquam de regum foci-
ctate cqgnovit, non tc-
mere, neque utifsepejam
vi<5lo Jugurthaconfueve-
rat). omnibus locis pug-
nandi coplam facit ; cae-

LXXXIII. Wherefore theiw9

armies met in a place e^ointed

bythe Kings -, where^ ctper tbey

hadpledged theirfaith to one ano-

ther, yugurtha Jired the foul of

BocchuSj ' by talktng to the foHow-

ing effe^ ;. That thc Romans wcre

an unjuft pcople, of unfatiable ava-

rice, and the common chemies of

mankind. Theyhadjuftas much

caufe of war v^ith Bocchu$> as

with himfelf, and other nations,

thcluft ofdominion, forthcfeke

of which they looked upon all

Kings as encmics, At that time he

was ; notlongbeforethe Cartha-

ginians, andlSng Perfes, had bcen

their enemies ; and fo would eve-

ry prince hereafter be, efpecially of

confiderable power and flrcngth.

AJter be had faid this^ and other

things to the like purpofe^ they re-

folve to march togethet to the town

ofCirta ; becaufe ^. Metellus had

there lodged the bobty and prifomrs

hehadtaken in the tvary together

with the haggage of tbe army,

yugurtha fuppofed the enterprize

would eiiher be wellworth tbeir

whiley if they took the city ; ^r, if

the Romans came to the ajiftance of

their friendsy a battle mujl enfke,

For he Jlily endeavouredy witb aU

the hajfie he could^ to break tbe

peace betwixt Bocchus andtbe Ro-

mans', leji upon demurring^ he

Jhould change hit mind.

LXXXIV. JVben tbe Roman
general heardof this alliance he-
twixt the two Kings^ he Joes not
upon all occajionsy and in all pla^
ceSy as hefore^ afier yuguriba had
been feveral ttmes defeatedj offer
the enemy battle ; but pitcbing his

tcrum.

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM. i8i

^rum, haud procul ab camp notfaffrom Cirta^ he waits

Cirta caftris munitis, re- for the Kingz \ thinking it not fro^

ges opperitur 5 melius eflc per to engage with the Moorsy an

ratus, cognitis Mauris, enemy he was not yet acjuainied

^uoniam is novus hoftis with^ hut upon fome advantage,

accefTerat, ex commodo In the mean time^ hehad notice

pugnam facere. Interim by Jetters from Rome^ tbat the

Roma pcr litteras certior province of Numidia was, ajjigned

fit, provinciam Numidi- to Marius, Forhehad heardbe"

am Mario datam. Nam fore^ that he was made ConfuU

Confulem fa<9\im ante With which things he was prodi"

acceperat^ Quibus rebus gioufly affeSiedy to a degree incon^

fiipra bonum, aut hone- fijlentKvith all equity and decency ;

ftum percMlfus, neque infomuch that he could neither re-

lacrumas tenere, neque frain from tears^ ar govem his

moderari linguam 5 vir Jongiie ; and tho* he was an extra^

egregius in aliis artibusy qrdinary perfon in other refpeSls^

nimis molliter aegritudi- yet under trouble ofmind he was

nem pati. Quam rem too impatient ; whichfome impu^

alii in fuperbiam vorte- tedtohispride \otherstoajuftre^

bant; alii bonum ixigeni- fentment efthe contumelious ufage

Mxd contumelia accenfum he had ; many to a concerny ihat

efle j muiti, quod jam the vi^ory he had gdt. Jbould be

parta vidoria ex manibus fnatchedout ofhis ,hands, But ii

eriperetur j nobis fatis app^ars pretu plain to me^ that b^
cognitumeft, iilummagS' was more difturbed at the advance^

honore Marii, quam in- ment of MariuSy than the tnjurj

juria fi;a bxcruciatum, done to' bimfelfi and would not

nequetam anxie laturum have bome it Ji beavifyj if the

fui&, fi adempta provin^ province that was tdken fromhim^

cia alii, qiiam Mariq^ hadbeengiven te anybody elfe but

traderetur. * Marius.

LXXXV. Igitiir ep LXXXV.merefore/aswen

dolore impeditus, & quia upon account oftbis refentmenty as

ftultitiae videbatur, alie- becaufe itfeemed afolfy td- take care

nam rem periciilo fuo of another maifs huftneCs^ dt . his

curare, legatos ad Boc- own hazard^ he difpdtches meffeh"

chum mittit, poftula- gers to Bocchus^ to defire he would

tum, nefine caujfa hojiis not bccome an enemy to the Ro-

populo Romano fieret ; manpeople, withoiit any occafion

habere eum magnam co^ givertfor it. Thathehad nowa

piam Jocietatisy amicitia^ fineopportunity of entering into

que conjungendiSy qua po^ the Roman alliance, which would

tiqr bello ejet , quam^ bemuchbetterforhimthanawar.

qtiam

l82

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

quam dpibus fuis confide^

rety tamen non aebere

'incertapro certis miftare ;

4}mne bellum fumi Jaciley

xaterum isgerrume d^-

nere ; non in ,^ufdem po-

tejiate initium ejHh ^

finem ejfe \ incipere cuivis

^tiam igndvo iicer^ ; de-

poniy cum viSfores velint ;

proinde Jibiy regnoque fuo

confideret ; neu fiorentis

res fuas cum Jugurtha

perditis mifceret. Ad ea

rex placide verba facit.;

Jefe pacem' cupercj^ fed

Jugurfha fortunarum

jnijereri \ fi eadem illi

£opia fierety omnia con-

ventur<i. Rurfus imperaV

ior, contra poftulata

JBoCchi nuncios ixiittit,"

Ille frobare partini, alia

abnuere. Eo modo^^f^pe

^b utroque miflis rejpif-

iifque^ . riunciis, tempus

procedere, & ex ^ Metelli

yoluntate' belluiji, intac-

tumtrahK ' '^

'" LXXXVI. AtMari-

What confidence foeverhe migte
repofe in his own ftrengthy yet he
ought notto change certainties for
uncertainties. That it was an eafy
matter to begin a war, but not io
'eaiy to end it ; fince the beginning
and ending thereof were not in the
fame hands. Any coward might
'hegin ; bu^ the end muft: depend
upoiKhe pleafure of the conque-
ror. Wherefore he advifed him to
have a carc of doing any thin^
that might afFecft the lecurity of hi^
perfon andkingdom ; andnot en-
^age his happy circumftances in the
de^Jerate caufe of Jugurtha. ' To
ihis the King made a very fnioGth
reply\ That he was defirous of
peace, but pltied the cafe oF Jii-
gurtha ; if he might biit "have thc
farrie terms, tbey (houldfoon agree*
Again the, Roman general fends
meffengers with an anfwer to Boc^
chus^s aemand\ whereinfomething
was grantedy other things denied»
Aiid by fending meffengers hack^
ward and forward in this mann^r^
the time wasfpun outy andthe wary
as Metellus wijhedy k^pt at ajtand.

LXXXVI. But Mariusy a^
Us, ut fupra "diximus,.. was faid abovcy having been made
cupicntiflumaplebe^Con-" Conjul by ihe people with a verj
iiil fa6his, ^ poftmiam ei/ exSraordinary %ealy andgot by thelr
provinciam NAjmidiam gmnt too theprovince ofNumidia^
pppulus jufllt, anteajam ivas now more,violmt andjurious
infeftus ndbilitati, ' tum dgainft the nohility than ever^ th^
vero^multus, atquei ferox he was keen enou^h in that way
inftaVe ; ' fingulqs mbdo, hefore. Sometimcs he would rejieh
tnodo univerfo5 laedqre ; upon them fin^lyy Jometimes upon
^idafe, fefe Confuld'tum.'fhe whole body ; and would often
ex ve5iis illis fpolta cepif- fayy that he had yanquiflied them,
Je y alia praeterea maghir* andhadtakenfromthemtheCon-
iica pro fe ;' & illis dolen- ' fulftiip, as fpoil from a conquered
^Ja ; in1|crim, quae bello .enemy, And other things too he

■ ^ opu^

BELLUM JUGURT/HINUM.

rgj

dp\]s erant, primit hs^bere ;
poftulare legionibus fup-
plemeHtum ; auxilia a
populis, & regibus, foci-
ifque arceffere ; praetfc-
rea cx Latio fortiffumum-
quemque, plerofquc mili-
tia, paucosfama cognitos
accire, & ambiendb cogere
homines emeritis ftipen-
diis proficifci. Neque ilH
Senatus, quamquam ad-
verfus erat, de uUo nego-
tio abnuere audebat ;
caeterum fupplementum
ctiam laetus decreverat ;
quia, neque plebi militi-
am volenti, putal^atur, &
Marius aut belli ufum^
aut ftudium vulgi amiffo-
rus. Sed ea res fruftra
fperata. Tanta lubido'
cum Mario eundi plerof-
que invaferat 5 fefe quif-
que praeda locupletem.
fore, vidorem domum
rediturum, alia hujufce-
modi animis trahebant;
& eos non pauUum ora-
tione fua Marius arrexe-
rat. Nam poftquam, om-
nibus, quae poftulaverat,
decretis, milites fcribere
vult, hortandi cauffa,
fimul & nobilitatem, uti
confueverat,. .exagitandi,
eonfcionem populi advo-
eavit. Deinde hoc modo
difleruit.

LXXXVII. Scio ego,
^iriteSy flerijfiue non

faid boajiingly of himfeh^^ and that
heartily vexed them.- But the ma--
king of due- preparationt. for. the
war^ was hisprincipal care* Ht
demanded recruiis for the army -y.

fentfor auxiliaryforcesfromKings
and flates in alliance with us ; par^
ticularfyfrom Latium he fummon-^
ed the choicejl men^ mofl of thent

, known weli enough in the armyy.
butfew elfewhere.. He did Uke-
wije by his perfwaftons prevail
with old foldiersy that had ferved
ttp their time in the warsy to en^
gage inthefervice again.. Andtho* .
the Senate dated htm^ yet they durji
refufe him nothing \ nay^they were

foYward enough to votehim re-^
6ruits j becaufe it was fuppofed the
commonalty woul/i not muth cai*e

for the fervice ; and fo Marius^
wouid either not be able to make
his leviesy or incur their difpleafure
byfo doing, But herein wey were
baulked ; fofond were mojl of them
ofgoing along with Marius ; each
man flattering himfelf with the
hopes ofreturning home vi^oriouSy,
and enriched with the fpoils of
wary or of other fuch likeadvan-r '
tages, And Marius^ had by afpeech
ofhis to them^ contributed not a
little to the raifing offuch cxpeSfa^
tions in them» For refolvihg^ af-*
ter what he defired had been voted
for bimj io raife recruits^ hefum^
moned the people to an ajfemblv^ as-
well to encourage them to favour
his defign, as totake occafion^ ac^
cording t<i his cufiom^ cf inveigh-
ing againji the nobility, Both which
he did in the following manner,

LXXXVIL I am fenfible,
gentlemen, thatthe generalityof

itjderrk

^'r-

184

C. CRISPl SALLUSTli

iifdm artUfUS imperium a
vohis peteriy ^^poftquam
adepti funty gerere % pri"
mo indiiftrioSj fuppUceSy
modicos effe ; dehinc ter
ignaviamj i^ fuperbtam
atatem- agere \ fed mihi
contra videtur, Nam^ quo
univerfi refpublica pluris
ifij quam ConfulatuSy aut
Praturay eo majore cura
iUam adminiftrariy quam
hac peti debere. Neque
me fallity quantum cum
maxumo beneficio veftro
negotii . fuftineam. Bellum
pararcy Jimul W arario
parcere\ cogere ctd miUti"
um eos quos nolis offende-*
re \ domi forifque omnia
curare ^ (^ ea agere inter
invidosj occurfantis^ fac-
tiofos ; opinione^ ^uiri-
tesj afperius eft, Ad hoc^
aliifi deliquercj vetus no-
bilitasy majorumfaciafor-'
tiaj cognatoru?n ^ affini-
um opeSy multa: cUentela^
omnia hcsc prafidlo ad-
funt ; mihi fpes omnes in
memet Jita ; quas neceffe
eji 6f virtutcy l^ inno-
centia tutari ; nam atia
infinna funt, Et illud
inieUigOy ^driteJ^ om-
nium ora in me converfa
effe ; , eequos bonofque fa-
vere ; quippe benefa^a
mea reipubiica procedunt ;
nobilitatem locum inva-
dendi quarere» ^o fnihi
acrius adniteiidendum e/i ;
nti neque vos. capiaminij
i^ iUa fruftra Jint. Ita

fuch as apply to you fpr prefer^
pient in the ftate, behave not in
the fame manner, after they have
compaflM their defigns^ as before.
At firft they are induihious, fub-
miffive, and modeft ; after theif
advahcement, lazy and proud.
But I have quite different fenti-
ments in the cafe. For as the good
^of the community is of much
higheV importance than the Con-
fulate or Fraetorihip, witb jtift fo
much the more carc oi^t that to
be purfued than thefe. Nor ara
I infenfible what a weight of bufi-
nefs your late kindnefs has laid up-
on me. To make preparations for
the war, and at thefame time to
befpiaring ofthepublick money ;
to oblige thofe to the fervice a-
broad,that one is loth to offend 3 to
take ciire for the due management
of all affairs, both at home anda-
broad ; and this amidft numbers of
enviousjthwartingjfaftious peojrfe:
All this, I fay, gentlemen, is dif-
ficult beyond imagination. Be-
fides, others, if they fail in the
performance of their duty, are
protedied by their quality, the gal-
lant behaviour of their anceftors,
the power of their relations and
friends, and their owr numerous
dependents. But all mjy hopes are
ia myfeif. My go6d behaviour
andintegritymdft be myonlypro-
tection ; ^r I have nothing elfe to
truft to. I am well aware too,
gentlemen, that the eyes c£ all
people are upon me : that thejiift
and the good are my friends, as
being feofible of the fervices I have
done my country ; but that thc
nobiiityare watchingall advanta^

ad

BELLUM JUGtJR-rHI^rUM. igj

ges to be upon me. And therefore
I am the more obliged to ufe my
utmoftendeavours, that you may
not be baulked, but they may. f
have from my youth up been inu^
red to h^rdfhip and danger of all
kinds. Whichbefore your favours
conferred upon me, I did folely
out of a principle of generofity, I
fhall not, to be fure, gentlemen^
negleft to do, now that I have re-
ceived my reward. It is a hard
matter to thofe to keep within any
bounds^ when poflefled of power,
who, to obtain it, orily put on a
counterfeit fhew of goodnefs. But
with me, who have fffent all my
days in the praftice of the moft
laudablequalities, ufe is becotne a
fecond nature. You have com-
manded me td make waf with Ju-
gurtha, to the great vexation of
thc nobility. I befeech you, con-i
fidef with yourfelves, whetherit
would ndt be better, to fend upon
this, or any other the like occafi-
oti, one pf thetribeofthe nobili-
ty, a man of an ancient and noble
family, andthat has never beenint
the fcrvice of his country abroad :
Ay, wh/not ? He would, tho*
frighted and confounded ih tHe
midftof bufinefs, for want of ex-

ad hoc atatis a pueritia
fuiy ut orritiis labores^ pe-
ricula confueta habeam.
^ua antea veflra beneficia
gratuito faciebam^ ea utiy
accepta mercede^ deferam^
non eji confilium^ ^uiri^
tes^ lllis difficile ejl in
poteftatibus temperare^

qui per amhitionem fefe
probos fimulavere ; mihiy
qui omnem atatem in
aptumis artibus egiy bene
facere jam ex confuetu-
dine in naturam vertit*
Bellum me gerere cum
Jugurtha jujji/iis ; quam
rem nobilitas agerrume
tulit. ^afoy reputate
cum animis vefirisj num 'td
mutari rhelius fit^ fi quem
ex iUi glabo nobiiitatis ad
hocy aut aiiud tale nego^
tium mitiatis^ hominem
veteris profapia^ ac muU
tarum imaginum^ fef nul-
Uus Jiipendii'\ fcilicet ut
in ianta re ignarus ofnni"
um trepidety fejiinet^ fu- '
mat aliqutm ex populo
monitorem officii fui. Ita
plerumque evenit ; ut^
quem vos imperare juffif-^
tiSy is fibi imperatorem
alium quarat.

ego

pef ience, get fome of the com- '
mons to direft him in his duty.
And fo it commonly happens, that the perfon you have ap-
pointed to command, is obliged to get fome body lo com-
mand him.

LXXXVIII I have, indeed,
gentlemen, known foine, who,
after they were made Confuls, tead
the noble a6lions df our anceftors,
with the military inftruftions laid
do wn by theG recks . Pfaepdfterous
A a pns''

LXXXyilL At
fcioy ^drites^ qui^ poji'
quam Confules faSii funi^
a£ia majorum^ ^ Graco-
rum militaria pracepta
legere ceperint ; homines

i6

C. CRISPI SALLUSTff

prdpolieri. Nam gerere^
qmm fieriy tempore po-
Jierius^ re^ atque uju prius
e/i, ComparaU nunc^
^iriteSy cum illorum
fuperbia me hominem no^
vum, ^ua Uli audir^^^
(^ legere folenty eorum
partem vidiy alia egomet
gefji ; qua illi litteris^ ea
igo miiitando didici, Nunc
vos exijiumaiey faStay an
' diSla piuris ftnt* Con^
thnnunt novitatem me-
dm >' ego iiiorum ignavi-
am^ Jkfii?i , fortuna-y
iiiis probra obje£iantur,
^amquam ego^ naturam
unaniy'^ fisr communem om"
nium exiftutno^ fed fortif-
fumum quemqMt genero^
fifjumum. . Jc. ,fi jam ex
pairihus Albini^ aut Be^
Jiia. quari pqffety me ne^
an iiips ex fe gtgni maiue^
rint ; quid refponfuros
creditisy nifty feje liberos
quam . optumos voii^ijfe f
^uod fi jure me dejpici-^
M it \ faciunt idem majo^
ribus fuis \ quibus^ uti
mihiy ex virtute nobiiitas
eaepitf Invident honori
meo i ergo invideant ia^
boriy innoceniiay pericu*
iis etiam meis ; quoniam
per hac iiium cepi, Verum
homines corrupti fuperbiay
ita atatem agunt^ quaji
vejiros honores contem^
nant \ ita ho» petunti
quaft honejie fuixerint, Na
iiU faifi funty qui diver-
Ji^unMs res patiief ex-

creatures ! For thc management of
an office is indeed poftcriour, in
point of time, to the choice of the
perfon to officiate ; but with re-
fpe£t to the qualifications neceffa-
ry for thc fame, it is prior to it.
Oompare me, gentlemen, the firft
of my family that has aitained to
any confiderable ftation in the go-
vernment, with your haughty no-
bfcs/ What they are accuftomed
only to hear and read, I have in
part feen, and in part managed
myfelf in perfon. What they have
learnt from books, the famel have
learnt by ferving in the wars. Now
do you yourfelves judge, whether
a<3ions or words zrt of more ac-
ebunt. They defpife the meanefs»
of noy dcfcent ; I defpiie their inca-
pacity forbufinefs. I am upbraid-
,ed with my fortune, they vrith
theii* fcajidalous vkes. Tho' I
think the nature of man to beone
and common to all, but that the
braveft is the moft noble. And
if now tbe fkthers of Albinus,
or Beftia, could b€ cpnfulted,
whether they would ratherhave
choien me foi: their defcencknt, or'
them,what anfwer da you think
they would make, but that they
ftipuld have defired the moft defer-
ving men might have been their
fons ? But if they have reafon to
defpife me, let them do the fame
by their anceftors, whofe i>Dbility
like mine, took it*s rife from their
noble behavio^r* They envy my
ad vancement ; let them then envy
iny adivity, my integrity, and
dangers too ; becaufe it wasby
thefe i attained to ihe former.
But m^nf eorrupted with pride,

. fpe^antf

^ELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

1B7

fpeHant^ ignavia volup"

taUm^ 6f pramia virtu^

tis. Atque etiam cum

apud voSjf aut in Senatu

verha faciunt^ pleraque

oratione majores fuos <?;ir-

tol/unt ; eorum fortia faC"

ta memorando c/aHores

fefe putant ; quod contra

£/?. Nam^ quanto vita

i//orum prac/ariory tanto

horum focordia^ f/agitio-

Jior. Et profeSio iia fe

res ha/Jet \ majorum g/o-

ria pof/eris quaji lumen

e/iy neque > horia eorumy

neque ma/a in pccu/to pa-

titur, Hujufce rei ego

inopiam patiory ^irites.

Fenum tdf^ quod mu/to

prac/arius efl<^ meamet

fa9a ffiihi dicere Jicet.

Nunc videte^ quam inlqui

fint, '3uod ex aliena vir-^

tute fihi arrogant^ id mihi

£X mui non concedunt ;

fcilicet guia imagines non

Aabeoy & quia mihi nova

nobi/itas e/ty quam certe

peperiffe^ quam acceptam

corrupifje me/ius e/f.

T

15 ve as if they defpifed the honours
you have to beflow, and yet fue
ror them, asif they had lived ho-
nourably. Truly^ they are much
miftaken, who expeft at once two
things of very difFerent nature, the
pleafure of idknefs, and the re-
wards of virtue* And when they
liarrangue too hefore you, ,or in .the
Senate, they a;reever rmmiqg out
into the praifes of thqir aocpllprs,
and think they reoeive a lAiftrefconi
the relation of their aobje adlipns ^
wliereasU is quite the reverfe. Fqr
themore.illuftrious jtheirlives were,
the more fcandalous is the bafe be-
haviour qf thefe their defcendants.
Atid indeed the cafe is thus. Th^
glory of the ancients is a light
held out before their pofterity, that
fuffersneitheriheirgood orill qua^
lities to be concealed, This is what
I want, gentlemen. Butl can teU
you of fomething elfe, which is
much greater, my own adtionS;,
Now mind how unreafonable they
are. What they arrogate tathem-
felves froti the nobjie bchaviour

of othcrs, th^t tfc^ wijl not allow
me to reap from /gaypwn ; for no
other reafon truly, but that I hav e
no pidtiires of my anceftors tp fliew, and becaufe my nobili-
ty is of vcry latc datc ; wliicb Js certainly better for a maa
;to be the founder of in his jown family, tjaanto be adilgrac^
to that received from his anceilors.

LXXXIX. Equidem LXXXIX.. I know indeed, if
ego non ignoroy fi jam tney have a mind to reply upon

me^ they will find plenty of ele-
gant polite language for the pur*
pofe. But however, fmce upori
your late advancrmerjt of me to
t he high dignity I poflefs^ jtj^ey cve ^
ry where let lopfe their jongues
ggainft bpth you and me in tha

mihi refpondere ve/inty
affunde i//is faeundum^ £sf
compofitam orationem fo^
re, Sedin maxumo veflro
beneficioy cum omnibus
focis mty vofque ma/edi£fis
facerent^ non p/actiit rtti--

;8S

C. CRISPI SALLU8TII

cere \ ne quis modejliam
in confcientiam duceret,
Nam me quidemj ex qni-
mi mei Jententiay lade-
re nulla oratio potefl,
^uippe vera^ necejje eji
hene pradicet ; Jalfamy
vita morefque mei Jupe-
rant. Sed quoniam ve*

Jira conjilia ' accufantur^
qui mihi fummum hono-
remj & maxumum nego* ,
fium impofuiflis^ etiam
atque etiam reputate^ num
eorum pdsnitendum Jit.
Non pojfum^ fidei caujfay
imagines^ neque trium-
phosy aut Confulatus ma^
jorum meorum ojientare \
aty Ji res pojlulet^ haflas^
vexillum^ phalerasy alia
militaria dona^ praterea
ficatrices adverfo corpore,

' Ha funt mea imagines^

hac nobilitaSy non heredi^-

tate reliSfay . ut illa illisy

fed qua ego meis plurimis

laboribuSy &* periculis

quafivi, Non funt com-^

pofita verba mea ; parvi

id facio j ipfa fe virtus

fatis ' ofiendit \ illis arti^

ficio opus ejiy ut turpia

faSIa oratione tegant,

Neque Htteras Gracas

didici, Parum placebat

eas difcercy quippe qua ad

virtutem doSforibus nihil

pirofuerunt. * JTt illa multo

optuma reipublica doSius

fum 'y hoftem ferire^ pra"

Jidi^ agitarcy nihil me^

tuercy nifi''^ turpem fa»

mqrri ; kiememy ^ . ^a-

vileft reproaches, I ^as refplved

not to be filent ; left any one fhould

take my modefty for an argument

of guilt. Fot indeed, their lan-

guage, in jny opinion, cannot af-

fe<S nae ; fince, Jf what they fay

be true, it muft be to my honour ;

butiffalfe, ipy life ^d behaviour

confute it. But becaufe your con-

d\ici is blamed, vvho have laid up-

on me the greateft honpur, and

b^fii^efs of the higheft importance,

copfider again and again, whether

you have any occafion to repcnt

wbat you have done. I cannot in-

4eed, to raife your confidence in

me, boaft of the ftatufes, triumphs,

and Confulftiips of my anceftors ;

but, if occauon requires, I can

fli^w you fpears, a banner, horfe-

trappings, and other military prer

fents made me, with fcars all over

my body bcfore. Thele are my

ftatutes, this my nobility, not, like

theirs, left me by inheritance i but

procured by inimite hardfhipsand

dangers. My language is unpo-

Ijftied ; that 1 little regard* My

virtue, without words, fhews it-

feif fufficicntJy. Theyffand in

need of all the art of eloquoice, to

vamifhover theirinfamous pranks.

I nevjsr applied myfelf to the Grae-

cian literature ; nor did I care to

learn that, which rendered not the

teachers a whit the more virtuous

or able men. But I have been in-

ftru(5ted in other things, highly

conducive to the publick good ;

^fuch as bravery and vigilance in

war ; to dread nothing but an in-

famous charader; to bear cold

and heat ; to lodge upon the

ground ; an^I endure, at the fame

tem

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM. 189

e in

ve.

tem juo^a patiy humi re-
^uiefcere \ eodem tempore
inopiam^ & laborem ioler
rare. His ego pracepiis
miliies hortabor \ neque
illos ar£te colam^ me opU"
lenter \ neque gloriam
meam laborem illorumfa^
ciam^ Hoc efl uiiUy hoc
civiie. imperium, . Namque^
cum tute per m^Uiiiem
agasy exerciium fupplicio
cogere^ id ejiy dominum

\ . non imperatorem, .
aCy aiqut alia majores

ejiri faciundo^ f^que^ ^
. rempublicam cefe hravere.
^is nobilitas freia^ ipfa
dijjimilis moribvsy nos il^
lorum amulos contemnit ;
^ omnis honores non ex
meritOy fed quafi debitos^
a vobis repeiit. Caierum
homines fuperbijfumi pro-
cul errantp Majores eo-
rum omnia^ qua licebaty
illis reliquere<^ . diviiiasy
imagineSj memoriam fui
praciarim \ viriutem non
reiiquen \ neque pote^
rant 5, eafoic^ neque daiur
donoy neque a^cipiiur.

XC. .Sordidum mej &f
incuiiis moribus ajunt\
quia parumfcite convivium
exorno j neque hijirionem
uiiuniy neque piuris pretii
coquumj quam viilicumy

habeo, ^Jf^ ^^^ '^^^
confiteriy ^uiriies. Nam
£5* ex parente meoj l^ ex
aiiiis fan£iis viris ita ac-
cepij . mundiiias muiieri-'
busy viris iqborem' conye'

I
time, hunger and fatigue, With

thefe leflbns fhall I animate my

foldiers. Nor fliall I treat them

hardly, but myfelf with iridul-

gence, or make their toil the mat-

ter of roy glory. This manncr of

command isufeful apd modeft.

For to keep the foldiery, by feve-

rity, to fh^iiSt difcipline, whilfl you

take your eafe yourfelf, is tp a£t

the part of .a tyrant, not a gene-

ral. By this, and the like condud,

did youranceftors render them-

felves, and the Roman flate, fa^

mous in the world ; whichour no- .

bilitydcpendingupon,tho'nothing

like them in their behaviour, de-

fpife us that foUqw their glorious

example; and demandfrom you all

places of power and trufl,not upon

thefoot ofmerit,ashavingdeferved

them, but as other ways their duc.

But .thofe haughty gentry are

very widely miflaken, Their an-.

ceflors left them all they could ;.

riches, flatutes, and their own glo-

rious memory. But did not leave

them their noble qualities.; nor

could they. Thofe are neither gi-

ven, i>ot received.

XCf They upbraid me as a
rough unpolifhed mortal 5 becaufe
I am not nice in my cntertain-
ments, or have a player, or cook,
of higher pncc tlwn my fteward :
all which I vcryfrankly own, gen-
tlcmen. For I have learnt firom my
father, and other excellent per-
fons, that nicenefs belongs to wo-
men, rugged indufhy to nien ;
and that the brave ought to excols
^mpre Jn glor)', than ri? facs j that

mire^

\

igo

C. CRISPI SALLUST!!

nire^ omnibttfque • hanis
eportere plus gioria^ quam
divitiarum ejji \ arma^ non
fupelleSiilemy decari ejfe.
^in ergOy quod juvat^
quod carum it/iumant^ id
Jemper Jaciant ; ameni^
potent ; ubi adolefcentiarri
habuere^ ibi feneSfutem
agantj in convi*oiis^ dediti
ventriy iff turpijffuntie
parti corporis ; fudorem^
pulverem^ W alia talia

• reSnquant' mbu^ qui^
*bus iUa epulis jucundiora
funt, Verum non eji ita.
Nam^ ubi fe omnibus fla^
gitiis dedecoravere turpif
fumi viriy bonorum pra-
ma ereptum eunt. Ita
inju/iijfiime luxuriay "(^
ignavtay pejfuni<e aries^
tllisy qui coluere easy nihtl
vfficiunty reipuhlica . in-
noxia cladi funt, Nunc^
quoniam illisy quantum
mei moreSy non illorum
fidgitia pofcebanty refpon-
di y pauca de repubHca

, loquar, Primum omnium
de Numidia bonum hahe^
tote animumy ^irites ;
namy qua ad hoc tempus
Jugurtham tutata funt^
omnia removijiisy avari^
tiamy imperitiamyfuperbi"
am. Deinde exercitus ibi
ejilocorum fciens^ fed me^
hercule magis Jirenuus^
quatn felix 5 nam magna
pars, ejus avaritiay aut
temeritate ducum attrita
e/k ^amobrem vosy
ifuibus militariseft ^tas^

arms, and not fine fumiture, wa$
an honourtofuch. Let them thcn
ever mind what pleafes them, what
theyhold fo dear. Let them whorc
ahd drink j and kt them ^end their
olddays, as they did their yoimg,
iri revelling, and pamperihg their

. bellies, and the vileft part about
them. Let them leave fweat and
dufl, with othcr things of like kind
to us, who prefer them beforc aH
thcir fine entertainments. But this
they will not do. For after. thofe
vileft of men havecovered them-
fel ves with infamy, by the pra<aife
of the moft fcandalous vices, they
will needs deprive the brave of thc
rewards tbat are their due. Thus,
contrary to all juftice, luxury and
idlenefs the worft of qualities,
are no ways detrimcntal to thofe
who praSife them ; at the fame
timcthat they provc of pcrnicious
cojtifequencc to the innoccnt com-
mon-weaithi And now having an
fwered thcm fo far as my charac-
tcr, not their infamousbehaviour,
required ; I (hail add a word or
two inrelation to the prefent ftate
ofaftairs. In thefirft place^ as to
Numidia, have a good heart, gen-

"^ tlemen ; for you have reinoved all
that hitherto fecured Jugurtha ;
avarice,ignorance,and pride.There
is an army there indeed acqu^inted
with the country ; but, upon my
word, aSive, rather than fortu-
nate. For the greateftpart rfit
has been deftroyed by the avarice,
or rafhnefs of their cQmmanders.
Whcrcfore you that are of an age
fit for war, join your endeavours
with mine, and ftand by the pub-
lick ; nqx let any one concdve any

adniT

iELtUM JUGURTHINUM. i^

MdmUmini niecum^ ^ ca^
fejjite rempublicam^ neque
^uemquam ex calamiuite
aliorum^ aut imperat4rum
fuperbia metus ceperit,
Mg^met in agmincy in
pra?iio confultor Ademj 5sf
ficius perjcuii vobifcum
adero ; • meque vofque in
omntbus rehus juxta ge^
ranu Et prrfe^ diis
juvantibusy omnia matura
funty vi^oriaj prada^
laus ; qud fi dubia^ aut
procul effentj tamen omnis
bonos reipublica fubvenire
decet. Etenim ignavia
nemo, immortalis faStus \
neque quifquam parens //-
berisj uti esterni forent^
^ptavit i magisy uti.boni^'.
honejiique vitam exige^
rent. Plura di^eremj
^uiritesy fi timidis vir-
tutem verba adderent j
nam firenuis abunde dic--
tumputo^

XCL Hujurc^modi
oratione habita, Marius
poftquam plebis animos
arredtos videt, propere
commeatu, ftipendio,
armis, aliifque utilibus
navis dnerat ; ciim his A.
Manlium legatum proii-
cifci jubeta Ipfe interea
militcs fcribere, non mo-
re majorum, neque ex
claffibusy fed uti cujufque
libido erat, capite cenfos
plerdque. Id fadum
sdii inopia bon^rum, alii
per ambitionem Confulis
^lncaiorabaAt ; quod ab

•t< •"•^

apprehenfions fcom themifcahisige
of otherS) or , the haughtinefs of
the commanders. I in march^
in battlcy will be youp advifer $
ftiare evjery danger with you, and
treat, you upon all occafions, no
otherwife than I do myfelf. And
indeed,.Wftthtbe hdp of the God%
ali things :are now ready for you,
vi(Story, fpoily and gloiy ; and
tho* they were uncertain^ and at
a diftanc^ yet would it becomei
neverth^efs, .all gallaoM; men to
fupportthe cairfe of their eountry.
For no man was ever retidered
immprtal by a lazy ina^tivity ;
nor did ever any father wiih his
fons might never die» but rather i
that they might livelike brave and
worthy men. I ftiould fay mortf
g^tlemen^ if wofds would put
courage into cowards ; for to tb«
valiant, I thinky I have faid e-
nough.

XCI. Marius perceiving tht
fpitits ofthe peopk to be much ele-^
vated by this fpeech of his^ JhipSy
Viith all bajley provifionsj moneyj
and other things requifite for ths
flirr; and orders his lieuienaut-^
generaly A* Manliusy to go along
with them^ In the mean time hi /^-
vies troopSy not according to for^
mer ufagi^ nar outof the f^eral
claffes of the peopUj but volunteers
oniy^ and.mojl of them ofthevery.
loweji rank. Whiihy fome fay^ he
didfor want of better ; but othersj
that he did it to render himfelfjiill
more popular ; becaufe he kad been
mueh criedupan^advamedby that

igi ' C. OvRlSPI SALLUSTll

lep genere celebratus, auc- firt bfpeopie ; and to a ' man am-

tufque erat'; & homini bitious bfpower^ the moft needy are

potentiam quaerenti e- the yfioftfor hispurpofe ; as nuhd rc"

gentiffinms quifque op- gard nothing of their owiy having

portuniflimus ; cui ne- nothing to regard^ and thinking

que fua curae, quippe every thing honourable^ that is hut

quas nuUa funt, & omnia gainfuL Wherefore Marius fetting

cum pretio honefta vi^ failfor Afrifa^ with d numher of

dentur. Igitur Marius trobps^ fomeivhai Idrger than ivhat

cum aliquanto majore had been vdted for him^ in afhv

numero, quam decretum days arrives at Utica, fFherB the

crat, in Africam profec- aamy was delivered up to him by

tus, paucis diebus Uticam the lieutenant-general P. Rutilius.

advehitur. Exercitus ' ei For MeteUus decHned coming near

traditur a P. Rutijio lega- ' Marius^ for fear of feeing thofe

to. Nam Metellus con- fhin^s, which he could mtfo much

fpe£him Marii fugerat; as hear with patience,
ne vid^et ea, quae audita

animus toicrare nequive* \ ; *

rat. •,••.-•'

^ XCII. Sed Confiilv ' XCIL But tht Gnful having

ocpletis legionibus, co- compieated his icgidns, and the aux^

hortibufque auxiliariis, in iliary batialions^ out ofhis new le^

agrum fertilem, & pneda - vies^ direSfs his march into affuit-

onuftum proficifcitur. ful couhtryfull bfplunder ; where

Omnia ibi capta militibus he made a prefent of aH he took to

donat ; dein caftella, & thefoldiers, Then hefell uponfucJj

oppida natura, & viris pa- forts and towns as were neither

rum munita adgreditur-; veryfirong nor well garrifoned.

prcelia . multa, caeterum Hefought likewife feveral baitles

alia levia aliis locis facei^. in different places^ but not conft-

Interim novi miHtes fine derabie^ In the mean time^ the

metu pugnae adeflfe ; vi- new-raifed men^ from the eafinefs

dere fugientis capi, aut ofihe Jervice^ were underno ap^

occidi ; fortiflTimum prehenftons. Theyfawfuch asfied

quemque tutiffimum ; taken prifoners^ or Jlain y whilfl

armis libertatem, patri- the braveH were Jiili the fafejfi^

am, parentefque, & alia Thyit Hberty^ their country^ pa-

omnia tegi ; gloriam, rents^ and every thing e^e were

atque divitias quaeri. Sic fecured^ and giory and riches goty

brevi fpatio novi, veteref- by arms. Thus^ in a Jhort time^

que coaluere, & virtus the new and the old foldiers embo^

omnium aequalis fa6ta. died^ and were upon apdr in point

At reges ubi de.adventu of-courage* But the txvo Kings^ as

Msi-

Marii cc^noverunt, di-
verfi in ' locos difficilis
abeunt. Ita Jugurthae
placuerat, fperanti, mox
cfFufos hoftis invadi pof-
fe ; Romanos, ficuti ple-
rofqucj remoto metu la-
xius, licentiufque futu-
xos.

BEtLUM JUGUIlTHiKuM. -193

foon as they heard of Martus^ s lar^
rival^ retired different ways into
'placei of dijfficult accefs. This was
Jugurtha^s contrivancey in hopes
that the enemy in a little timey by
not keeping clofe together^ might
affhrd an opportunity of faUingon
them togood advantage y asfuppO'^
ftng the_ Romansy like mofi other
men^ when their apprehenjions of
an enemy were removed^ wouUhf
more loofe and licentious. ^

XClII. in the mean time Mi^
tellusy upon his arrival in Rome^
waSy conirary to bis expe^ationsj
very joyfully receiytd', being e-
qually acceptahle to the commns^
and the Senate^ now fhat tbefpi^
rii of envy had left them, But
MariuSy with aU pojffible applica^
tion and prudence^ weighing weU
the circumftances rf the enemy^ and
his ownj difcovered thereby what
was advantageous for eachy or
otherwife. He watcbed aU tbe
movements of the two Kings^ pre*-
vented aU theirplots and deftgns j
fuffered no remiffnefs in his owti
meny or fecurity with the enemy^
Accordingly he had oftentimes^
when upon a march^ attacked and
routed^ botb the Gatuliansj and
Jugurthay as theywere makingojf
with thejpoils they had g$t from
our aUies j andjtifarmed thf King
himfelf not far frm the town y
Cirta. But fnding aU this^ how
fpecious^ an appearance foever {t
made^ availed nothing . towards
bringing the war to a conclufim^
he refolved to invejl aUfhe citieSy
that by, their number ofpeople and
fttuationy gave the enemy afiy ad^
vantage again/i ue y Jince Jugur^

Bli twa

XCIIL Metellus inte-
rea Romam profedus,
contra fpem fuam Istif-
fumis animis accipitur ;
plebi, patribyfque, poft-
quam invidia deqeiterat,
j uxta carus. Sed Marius
impigr^ prudenterque
fuorum, & hoftium res
pariter attendere ; cognof-
cere quid boni utrifque^
aut contra efiet ; explo-.
rare itinera regum ; con-
filia, & infidias*' eorum
antevenire ; nihil apud fe
remififum, iieque ^pud
illos tutum pati. Itaque
& Gaetulos, & Jugur-
tham, ex fociis noftris
praedas agentis, i^pe ad
greflus itinei^e fuderat, ip-
Aimque regem haud pro-
cul ab opp\do Cirta armis
exuerat. Quae poftquam
gloriofa inodo^ neque
belli patrandi cOgnovit,
ftatuit urbis, quse viris,
aut locp pro hoftibus, &
advorfum fe opportunif-
fums erant, fingulas cir-
cumvenire ; ita Jugur-
iham aut prsQdiis nuda*

194 C- CRISH-SALUSTII

tum, fi.ca pateretur, aut iha by that tneans^ would either ie
proelio certaturum. Nam Jhkpt of thofe Jlrong holds^, if he
Bocchus nuncios ad eum fufferedit^ or efe engage in battle.
faspe miferat, velle popu- For Bocchus had frequently fent
li Romani arnicitianty ne meffengers^ to him^ to let him know^
quid ab fe hojiile timeret. that he was defirousof thefriend*-
Id fimujaverit ne, quo fhip^oftheP.x>manpeopfe,and that
improvifus gravior acce- Mariusneednotfearanyhoftilities
deret, an mobHitate in- from him. Whether he o?iIy frr-
genii pacem, atque bel- tcndedfoj that he might faU the
liim mutare folitus, pa- heavier upon hitn by furpri^^ or
rum exploratum, eft. through the ficklemfs ofhis temper^

he was accuftomed never to P^rfi/l

long ineither peace or war^I have

not been able to difcover*

■ * XCIV. Sed Conful, XCiy . But the Conful^ accord^

,11 ti ftatuerat, " oppida, ingtohis refilutiony now went to

-eafiellaque munita adire j Work with the towns and cajiles of

partim vi, alia metu, aut any firength \ fome of which he

praemia oftentando, avor- tookby affault ; others he hrought

tcre ab . hoftibiis.' Ac over tohimby threats or prafmfes.

'primo mediocria gerebat, At firfl indeed he only attempted

exiftumans * Jugurtham fmallplaces^fuppcfingjugurthayto

"obfuos tutandos in ma* proteSf his fubje^s^ wvuld comi to

nus venturum. Sed ubi a battle with him\ But when he

-illum procul* abefle, & found thathe was at a corifidera^

laliis negotiis ' iritentum lle dijlarice frdm him^ taken up

-aceepit majora, & nia- withother ajfairs^he thought it

•gls afpera aggrcdi tempus time t'o attack ' the larger townsy

vifum cft. Erat inter' and fuch as were more difficuh to

ingentis folitudines bppi- . take. There was in th^ mid/I of

/<lum magnum, atqiie a , Yajl' wildernefsy a great and

.valens, nomine Capfa ; Jlrong fown^ by name Capfa j the

cujus conditor Hcrcules huiIder'whereofwasfaidtoheHer^

jLibys memorabatur. E- cuIesthi-Libyan. The people there-

jus ciyes apud Jugurtham ofwert excufed from^ the' payment

immunes, kvi imperid, oftdxet^ ixrid being under a very

''& ob ea. fidelifllumi habe- gentle goverrirnent ih other refpeSls

bantur; muniti advor- too^ were therefore thoiight very

tjum hbftis non moenibus faithful to Jugurtha \ and they

'.modo, & armis, -atque were fecnred againfi anenerrty^ mt

Wiris, verumetiam multo omhf hy their walls^ armsy and

«ria^ locorum afperitatc. meny. but much more hy the fttuati^

• Nam,. pKeter ^oppido on cftht plaee. For^ excepting the

y.i^ . '^ ^ pro«

BEJjLUMJUGtJRTHINUM. 195

parts nigh the town^ all the rejf of
the country about it was wajie and
incultivatedy without wuater^ and
infejied with ferpents^ iuho^ like
all other wild bea/ls^ are made
keener by want of food ; bejidesy
the nature offerpentSy mifchievous
enough in itfelf is tnfiamed i/
thirfi^ qbove allthings, Marius was
very deftrjaus ofmaflering this place^
as weUfor the better convenience of
carrying on the war^ as becaufe it
feemed a. matter of va/i diffjculty ;
and becaufe Metetlus had acquired
much reputation, by the taking oj
Thala^ a town for Jituation and
Jirength much iike Capfa y but that
at Thala^ there were fome fprings
notfar from the town» The Cap"
fenftans had but one fpring^ and
that within the town^ whichjiow^
ed the yeqr round ; ali the water
they hadheftdesy was from the hea-^
vens^ This fcarcity ofwater botb
therey andin other parts of Africa^
whicb iying at a dijiancefrom the
feay were hut indifferently c^uitiva*
tedy was the more eajiiy borne^ be^
caufe theNumidians iive mojiiy up^
on miiky andthejiejbofwitdbeajts^
without the ufe offaity or anyother
feafoning or tauce^ to wet the ap^
petite. Thetr food was dejigned a^
gainft hunger and thirfi^ and not
madt fubfervient to whimfy sdtid
iuxufy,

XCV. merefore theConfuJ
having firi^Iy examined into ail
circum/iances^ proceeds in his de^
ftgn ; dependingy I fuppofe^ upon
the Gods ; for bn couid bardiy^ by
aniy contrivance of his own^ pro--
vide effeSiualiy again/i fo mqny dif-
ficuittes ; ^for^ he was but poorly

B b 2 bulo

proplnqua, alia omnia
vafta, inciilta, egentia
aquae, infefla ferpenti-
bus ; quarum Vis, ficuti
omnium ferarum, inopia
cibi acrior ; ad hoc, na-
tura ferpentum ipfa per-
niciofa, fiti m^s, quam
alia re accenditur. £jus
potiundi Marium maxu-
ma cupido inv^erat, cum
propter ufum belli, tum
quia res afpera videbatur ;
& Metellus oppidum
Thalammagna gloriace-
perat haud difllmiliter
fitim, munltumque ; nifi
quodapud Thalam non
longe a mcenibus aliquot
fontes erant ; Capfenfes
una modoj atque ea intra
pppidum ju^ ^qua, cae-
tera pluv\a utebantur. Id
ibique, & omni Africa,
quae prpcul a mare incul-
tius ag^bat, eo facilius
tolerabatur, ^uia Numi-
ds plerumque Ia£lei &
ferina carne vefcebantur,
neque falem, neque alia
irritamenta gulae quxre-
»* bant. CibusUiisadvorfum
famem, atque fitip, noo
libidini, neque luxuriae
^t*

XCV. Igltur Conful,
omnibus exploratis, credo
diis fretus, nam contra
tantas difficultates coo*
filio fatis providere non
poterat ; quippe etiam
fruipenti inopia tentaba-
lur, quod Numidse pa-..

X

10

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

\

bulo pecbris magis, quam fuppUedwitb corn^ hecaufi ibt Nti^
irvo, ihident,' &, quod- midians apply ihemfelves more ta
comque natum fuerat, grazing thiin iillagc; and what
juiki rcgis in loca munita corn thert tvasy hady hy fhe- Kin^s
eoatqlerant ; agcr autem order^ been cairried off inio fhrti^
ariduS) & frUgum vacuus fied tawns. The land ioa was
^ tem(>eilate ; nam aeih- parchedy and afforded ^nothtpg ai
tis extremum erat; ta- thatiimey being the end &f fum"
fdca pro rei copia fatis mer. Tety conjtdering all drcum-
providenter exornat ; |Jfc- Jiancesy he provided preHy weUfor
cus omne, quod fupcno- the fuppfy rfhis army. He gave

ihe cattlethey had picked tip Jinne
days heforey to fhe auxiUary horfe
io drivt\ orders Aulus ManliuSy
his lieutenant-generaly to march
with a lighi defachment offoai io
a town called Larisy where ha had

^us diebus praedx ruerat,
equitibus auxiliaris agen-
dum attribuit \ A. Man-
lium legatun) cum cohor-
^bus expeditis ad oppi-
dum Lans, ubi itipendi-
asxxy ic commeatum h^
caverat, ire iubet ; dkrit-
que fepraedabundum poil
paucos dies eodem ven-
turum. Sic incoepto fuo
occultato, pergit ad flu-»
meti Tanam,

XCVh Caeterum in
irinere quotidie pecus ex-
crdtui per centurias, item
turma$ acquaiiter diilri-

laid up ihe money for ibe >paj of
ihe army and provifions ; and teUs
hinh that he would in a few days
come to thefame place a plunder*
ing^ Thus concealin^ his defign^
he goes to the river Tana.

XCVI, But in his march be
daily diftributed cattie io the feve-^
ral foot-companieSy and troops of
horfiy inthe army ; andtook care
buerat ; ^ ex coriis utre^ for the making ofleathern boitles
uti fierent, curabat ; fi- out oftheir hides ; at once io make
triul &, inopiam frumenti amends to them for iheir want ef
lenirej&jign^risomnibus, comy and to providcy whilfi aU
parare, qvae mox ufui people were ignorant ofhis inten-
torent; deniquefexto die, iionsy fuch things aswouldbyand

bybeofufe to him ; Jo that upon
his arrivaljix days afierat the ri-^
very a great quaniity tf leaihem
bottles were made. Then pitcbing
a camp with a Jlighi forttficationy
he orders the foldiers to refrejh

cum a(} fl^men vei^tum
etty maxu^ia vis utrium
cffed^. Ibi caftris levi
munimento |)oiitis, mili-
tes cibum capere, atque,
ptifimulcum occafu folis
cgredereptur, paratos eife
jubet; omnibus iarcinis

themfelveSy and to be readyfor a

march atfun^-fet ; as alfo to lay a^
abje£ii$, aqua modo feque^ fide aU diher haggatCy and load
& jum^ta oneraret Doin, tb^nfelvesy andth^ir beajfs ofbur-*

1

BEJLLUM JUGURTttlKUM.

t^

poftquam teaipus vifum,
ca^s; egreditur » nodilein-
que totam itinere h&Oy
confeditj idem proxuiiaa
fack* Dein tertia muko
ante lucis adventum per*
venit in locum tumiilo^
fum^ ab Capfa non am-
plius duummillium inter-
vaiio; ibique cpiam oc-
cuItiiTUme potefi^ cum
omnibus copiis .opperitun
Sed, ubi dies coepit j &
Numidae nihil hoftile
metuentes, multi oppido
cgreffi; repente omnem
equilatum, & cum his
velociffimos pedites curfu
tendere ad Capfam, &
portas obfidere jubet ;
deinde ipfe intentus pro-
perd fequi, neque mUites
prasdari iinere* Quse
poftquam , oppidani cog-
novore ; res trepidae^ me-
tus ingeiiS) malum im-
provifum, ad boc pars
civium extra moenia m
hoftium poteftate, coege-
tty uti deditionem £ice-
rent. Cseterum oppidum
tncoiftim ; Numidae pu-
beres ihterfe£^i ; alii om-
nes venumdati ; praeda
militibus divifa. Id facinus
contrajus bdli non ava-
ritia, neque fcel^e Con-
fulis admifium; fed quia
locus Jugurth^e opportu-
nus, nobis adim difficilis ;
genus hominum mobile)
infidum) ante neque be-
fieficio, tieque metu co*
Jrcitunit

dgnywifh water Bnly. Then^ atthi
time appoirttedj be draws out ef
thecan^y andmarching all nighf^
encamped again* The fome he did
the next' night t$o ; and in the
third hi arrived a little before day
at a hilly not above two mtks frorh
Capfa ; and there bejlays^ aspri^
vatefy as poJpbUy with all bis ar^
tny. But asfoon as day apptared^
and tbe NumidianSy as being em^
der no apprihenjions at aU of an
enemjy many of tbem came out ef
the town \ on a fuddtn be orders -
all his horfcy and with tbem tht
nimbiejl of tbe fooity U mah di^
re&fyfor Capfd witb aUfpeed^ and
fecure tbe gates. At tbe fame tiw
hefollows tbem with all dHigeme
and expedition^ andfuffirs not the
foldiers to plunder. Wbenthi
towns^people fbund this^ they weri
in the utmojl cbrfujion andfrigbt^
witbjo unexpe^ed a calamity ; and
as part ef their peopU were witb^
out tbe wall^ in tbe bands d^ thi
enemy^ they found if neceffary to
furrender* JTet notwithjtandingy
the town was burnty the Numidi'^
ans of age put to the fwordy aU
the rejtfoldj and the plunder tl
theplace given to thefildiers, Tbh
pieci of executionj contrary to thi
right of war^ was not occajumed
by the avarice or cruelty ofthe Conm
ful ; butfroma conjidcraiion^ tbat
the place was very advantageoui
forfuguriha^ and difficult for ut
to ame at ; the people too being^
Jickle and faithlefs^ and by no
means^ fair orfoul^ to be wrougbf

XCVII,

19I

\ C. CRISPI SALLUSTi;

XCVII Poftquam
xmtzm rem Marivis fine
xkUo fuorum incommodo
patravit s magnus, . ^
clarus antea, inajor, at-
que clarior haberi CGepit ;
omnianon bene conmlta,
in virtutem trahebantur.
Milites modefto . imperio
habiti, fimul & locuple-
tesy a^. ccelum ferre ; .
Kumidse ma^s, quam
Knortalemy timere ; po^
^emo omnes focii, at-
que hoftes credere, i)Ii aut .
ixientem divinam efte, aut
Deorum nutu cuhda
]>ortendi. Sed Conful,
ubl ea res bene eyenit, ad
;dia oppida pergit ; pauc^
repugnantibus Numidis,
capit ; pluiia deferta
propter Cfapfenfium mi-
^riias, igni corrumpit ;
lu6tu, atque csede omnia
complentur. Penique
multis Jocis potitus, ac
plerifque e^^ercitu incru-
ento, aliam rem aggredi-
tur, non eadem afperitate,
qua Capfenfium, caete-
rum haud fecus diiHcilem.
Namque haud longe a
flumine Muluchaejt quod
Jugurthae, Boccbique
regnum disjungebat, erat
intcr caeterum pkniciem
inons faxeus, . mediocri
caftello, f;^tis patens, in
immenfum editus, uno
perangufto aditu reIi£lo ;
nam omnis natura, velut
opere, atque confuko,
praeceps. Quem locum

XCVn. JJ^a^ Marius hadtxe^
euUd this Jo important a projeB
witbout any detriment to hts own
troopsy iho* he was great andfa^
mous befsrey he now begun to he
boked upon asgreater and morefa^
mous\ and all his perfortnances^
tho* but illaiuifedy were placed io
the account of hJs good candu^.
Thefoldiers too being undcr a very
genth command^ and at the fame
time enriched with plunder^ cried
him up . to the heavens ; and the
Nuniidians dreaded him as fome^
thing more tban man,^ Jn fhorty
ally both edlies and enemiesy did
really believe he had eitber a di^
vine mind in himj or ihat attthings
were fgnified to him by the inti-
mation oftheGods. But the Con-*
ful^ after this fuccefs^ marcbes a*
gainft fome ower towns. Somej
wbere be met witb oppofition from
the Numidians^ he takes byforce ;
but moft of tbenty being deferted
becaufe oftbe terrible ufage ofthe
Capfenfians^ behurkt to the ground.
And fo all parts are fiUed with
mourning and flaughter. FinaUyy
having made himjelfmafter ofma-
nypl(tcesy and fnofi cf tbemwith^
outkfs ofbloody be goes upon ano-
tber defigny of full as much diffi-
culty^ but mt of the fame nature
as tbat againft tbe Capfenfians^
For^ notfar from the river Mu-,
lucba^ wbich divided tbe kingdoms
of Jugurtha and BoccbuSj tbere
wasj in the midji of a plainy a
rocky mountairiy witb afmall caftle
upon it. The mountain was largej
and vaftly higbj with one onfy ve-
ry firait way up fo the top, For it
was bynaturejieep on all ftdes^ as^

BELLUM JtrGxJHTfJmOM. 'm

Marlus, quod ibi regis
thefauri erant, fummavi
capere intcndit; fed ea
res forte, quam confiUo
meliiis gefta. Nam ca-
ftello virorum, atque ar-
morum fatis riiagna vis;
& frumenti, & fons a-
quae ; aggeribus, turri-
bufque, & aliis machiria-
tionibus locus impbrtu-
nus ; ita caftellanorum
anguftum admodum, u-
trimque praecifum ; vi-
i\tx cum ingenti pcriculo
fruftra agebantur. Nam
citm ese pauUo proceffe-
rant, igni, aut lapidibus
^ corrumpebantur ; milites
jieque pro opere confifte-
rc, properct iniquitatem
locl; ncque iiiter vineas
iine periculo adminiftra-
re ; optumos quifque ca-
dere, aut fauciari ; caete-
ris mctus augeri.

. XCVm. At Marius,
multis diebus, & labori-
bus confumptis, anxius
trahere cum animo fuo,
omitteret ne incoeptum,
quoniam fruftra erat ; an
fortunam opperiretur ;
qua faepe profpere ufus
^erat. Quac cum multos
dies, nottefque aeftuans
agitaret, fortCi quidam
Ligus, ex cohortibus
auxihariis miles gregarius,
caftris aquatum egreftus,
haud procul ab latere ca-
ftellj, quod advorfum

i/ii had been dejignedly mddi^p
by the hands of metf, Whichflace
Marius attempU with all ' hh
might and main to take^ b^imfi
the King^s treafure was kdgM
there ; and fuceeeded in his tii'-
tempty more by chance^ than gbod
manag^ment, For ihere was inthe
cajile Jiore of Then^ armsy at^ com
with afiring of water* And the
place was renderedjiill mare iroU"
blefome to take^ by rampartSy cajiles^
and otherworks. Theway up te tbe
cajile was very narrdw^ with a pre^
apice on bothjides ; ihe pujhing ^
vinea along which was attended
with vaft hazardy andfignifiednfh-
thing. Forafterthey hadadvanced
a littleythey -were dedroyed by fire^
or greatjiohes. Thejoldiersw^re
neither abk tojiand before iheir
worksy becatfe of the great Sf&dr
vantage or inconvenience of-tht
grouTid'% nor could they manage
their bufinefs within the vine^^
'' without dan^er. The braveji 4f
them wefe eitherfiain -or wounded^
andthetejifadfy difcouragfd.

XCVIIL But Mariusy afterhe
hadfpent many days andmuchpains
to no purpofcy was ingreat doubt
with himfelf whether he JhouU
drop his undertakingy which had
hitherto proved in vain^ or wait
fome lucky turn of fortuncy whicb
he had ofien found favourable ta
him, Whilji he was taken up witb
thefe thoughts forfeveraldays and
nights togethery by chance a certain
Liguriany a common foldier of the
auxiliary battalionsy going out pf
the camp to get water^ obferved
fome fnails creeping among the
fionesy not farfrom thatftde of

proB-

C. CRISPI SALLUSTH

nudvcrtit intcr taz le-

^ quaruin
cttin ^ffMni^ gitiattg ^iic^
«fain, dein pbires petcrct,

fiudio kglttldL pOTl lafiqn

pfopead fummum moQ-
ti$ egidlijs cft. \J\n pc^-
quam fofitodincm intd-
kxtt ; moie humanae cu-
pidiois igpaia vifundi ani-
mum voftiL £t fonc in
-eo loco grandis ikx coa-
luerat into: laxa, pauUu^
hmi modo prona, ddnde
inflexa, atqpeandainal.
titudinem, quo cunda
.gigientinm natura £nt;
ci])us nunismodo, modo
•icminentibus fiixis nifus
Ligtis, caftelli planiciem
■perfcr3>it; quod cun^
Numidse intenti prcelian-
tibus aderant. Explora-
tis omnibus, quae mox
ufuifore du^at, eadem
r^;reditur, .non temere,
uti afcenderat, fed tentans
omn]a,& circumfpiQens.
Itaque Marium pn^re
adit 2£tz edocet ; horta-
tur, ab ea partej qua ipfe
afcenderat caflellum ien^
tet ; polHcetur fefe itineris
periculique ducem* Ma-
rius cum Ligure,. pro-
mii& gus cognitum ex
praefentibus mifit ; quo-
rum, uti cujufque ingeni-
um erat, ita rem d^ci-
lem, aut facilem nuncia-
vere. Confulis animus
tamen paullum arre^s.
Itaque ex copia tubici-

Ae cmftkjwbicbwas ^ppmfiu U the
htfiegeri. ^ttr bebai pScked up e
few eftbem^froma d^re efba^
vimgr mmre^ be was by Uttle amd £/-
tleget abaaft upt9 tbe tup ef tht
mnmtainj aad pndiMg ali ftaet is
tbat fuarterj frema curi^fityyna"
tural to meuj efprpng intm things
ipihmwn^ be bois abeut bim^ Bj
ebance^ imtbe place wbere be wasy
tbere was a great eak-tree msd 4
tbefide rf tbe reckj witb thm bdt
tending, dmsmwards a UttJe ^ hd
prefenthftaking q tumj and mosest"
ing up^ to a vafi beigbty as. aS
tbings tbat grow out oftbe eartk
naturaUytend upwards, Tbe Li-
gurian cUnAing up one wbile bj tbe
beugbs of tbis tree^ anotber tubUe
pieces of tbe rock ^andinj eut
fram tbe reftj takes a pretty gsod
furvey oftbepUiin eftbe cafile y he-
caufeauthe Nunddians were bufili
engaged infigbtwitb tbe befiegers,
Jgter be badmadefucb tbfervati»
ens as be tbought migbt be mf fer^
vice^ be retums ibefamevHsy as he
came ; not careUfly^ as be went up,
hut tryinz and viewing aU- tbings
weUy as he went along. Upen this
be appUes himfilf to Addrius in aU
bafie ; telU him whtit be baddoncj
andadvifes him to malLC an at-
tempt upon the caiUe, on that
iidei wh^e he went up ; and pro-
mifes him> that he would lead the
way, and be the foremoft in tbe
danger. Marius fendsfome oftbofe
that attended him along witb tbe
Liguriauy to fee whether wbat he
pronufed was feafibU^. or na^ wbo
brought word- according to their
different tempers ; fomej tbat the
matter was di^cuitj otbcrsj that «

num,

BELLtJMi JtJGiriRTHrNUM.

20 1

num & cQmicium,
numero (]uinque quam
velociiTufnos del^it, &
cum his, praefidio qui fo-
rent, qaatuor . centurio-
nes ', ommique Liguri
parare jubet j & ei nego-
tio proxumum diem con-
ftituit.

XCIX.. Sed ubi cx

prascepto tempus vifum ;
paratis, compofitifque
omnibus, ad locum per-
git. Caetmim illi, qui
centuriis praeerant, prae-
doSii ab duce, arma, or-
natumque , mutaverant,
capite, atque pedibus nu-
dis, uti profpe6lu$, ni-
fufque per faxa facilius
foret.; fuper^terga gladii,
& fcuta ; -Verum ea Nu-
xnidica ex coriiii pdnderis
gratia ; iimul & ofFenfa,
quo levius ftrqjerent.
Igitur praegrediens Ligus,
faxa, & fi quse vetuilate
radices eminebant, laqueis
vinCiebat, quibus allevati
milites ^ciKus afcende-
rent, interdum timidos
infolentia itineris levare
manu; ubi paullo afpe^
rior adfcenfus . erat, fin-
gulos prae ' fe inermos
mittere ; deinde ipfe cum
illorum armis feqin ; quae
dubia nifui ' videbantur,
potifiumum tentare ; ac
laepius eadem afcendens,
defcendenfque dein fta-
tim digrediens, caeteri$

1/ was enfy. However^ the mind
rf the Ginful wds roufed upm the
occafion, Whetefore he chufes out
of all ihe trumpetersy helonging to
both horfe and footj five .of thi
fwipefi^ andfour centurions to go
abng ,with them as a guard ; dr*
dering them tofolkw ihe direSfioti
ofthe Ligurian j and appoints the
next day for the execution of tht
defign.

XCIX Whenihe time fixt
was comej the Liguridn . havin^-
provided and got all things ready
for the hufinefsy goesio the place*
But the centurions^ as they had
heen inftrudted hy hiih^ hadchan^
ged^ their 'arms and dxefs^ heing
bare^headed andhare-fooi tQOj that
they might look ahout' thein^ and
climb^ the rock with 'more « eafe.
Their fwords and Jhieldsivere uf"
ontbeir hacks, The latter wereof
the Numidian kindy made bfhides
fbr lightnefsj aAd thqt they might
not tnake a noife^ if ihey chanced
io dajh againfi the rock. The Li^
gurian rnountedfirfi^ and tiedcords
ahoutthe fiones^ or oldtree^roots
whichfluck outhere andthere^for
ihefoldiers to climh up hy. Some^
timeSy when they were difcouraged
by the extraordinary ruggednefs of
their paffage^ he would lendtbem a
harid to give them a lift, Wherethe
-afcent was a little more difficult than
ordinary^ he fent them up unarm-
ed before him^ and then foUowed
himfelfwith their arms, And pla^
ces^ where itfeemed doubtful whe-
ther theycoutdpafs or no^ he tried }
and hygoing up anddown thefame
feveral times, arid then advancing
againy encouraged the refi tofol-^

C c auda-

» /

?®*

c/ mim: shi^hmrn

fjLudaciam addere^ ^&f>}^
4iu, multumguc £atig*ti,
tandetn in caAeUura j\er-
veniui^t, ^efeiitujaa ab e^
parte^ ^<j^od ppines, fi»-
cuti aliis diebus, ^V4^.

/atn;. Mer A f$4tous Aeal rffifT
J^k^ /^ C9me Uthe^q/^ley which
^f ^akei on tk/9$ fide,yifij(i0rfe thi
^^^ofe gjarrifm ^ '^ ift^^ d^s^
^pj^re atUndif^g fte tMtms of the
ii^^rs, f03en JBi/fe^im jvai in-
fum hpftes ^dey ?nt« ])Ji^r ^for^d byfnejjetj^ersy.vfbat th^ Li-
rius, ybi exfi^i^cHs, q^$ §m^^ ha44omi M .ke hjsd iept
1/jigus egexat;, ^ognpyit 5 \ tj^^e ^umidians under a con/iant ar
quanf\^Haijl totji 4.^? W- - l^/'^ P^^ day long^ yet then encou-
tentos" proelio Numidas f^ging his men^ he fallied out nf
hahuerat xxm vero co- fi^^vineg^ a»d. forwing Ja tefiud^^i
hortatw^ .jpilite^, H ipi? atif^afice^ towi^rds tkf w^U-^thc
extra yinea^ ^rcflus, ^e- ca/ile^ mi ett the fame time ierri-
ftudine aSa fucceder^, Jled the. fmmy with his engines^
4^ finuij hpjlem torn^- arch^rs ^nd JlingerSMt,a di/ianct,

Put 4he ^umidiamd^mjii^often
hef^-i ruinjsd thetii^ %^^^ ^'
m^^h arfd hHYPt thm^i didmt i^e
fo dj^endr ih^ehef vfiih their
^Mffki huf pojied tk^nfejw. befare
ikm day gnd nighf V rai!*f^ .st thc
%q^$. ftn4 D^i9i<b^ Marius
yyitj^ maan^t They rfve^a«d our
(ojdiers t^ tbat tbjey A»xdd be
pjl >fl^ve§ to Jugurtli^i wd were
g|i^|ly elevat©4 with tioeiradvan-
^g^» In the rman iimi^ wbik the
^f^/is mdthe eiumies sv^re in^
t^i Hpon tbe figbt^ wbicb was
warmfy earrkd mAr{^b(ftb/ides \
(^ne farty cmtrnidijsg TOgerfy fir
ghry anddQmimon\andtheQtber
p^rjp his, iljispro falute fir their Hv^s .im d fuddsn the
certaptibq^, . repente ^. trHmpets fiunded in the rear ^f tbe

eriemff A/ firji tb& mmen and
ehim'^ny who ren tsffe^ uuhat the
mafter utasj fed i elfterthiem tbofi
neareji tbe w^&i and. after tbem
gltike r^Ji^.b$tk armkd and un-
armed* Vpofi ^fidihb the Aomans
pfifiedfonmrdmiih.mdre vielena
in purfuit (f tbm* Tbe mitfi of
tkm they mfy i^aimdedy making

ple-

ti>, faggiu^ariifque, &fer^r
ditoribus.^inus ferrere.
At Numidas, fspe antea
vineis Rppi^lpprugi fub-
ver4?, Jtdn inc;efi%, pon
caftelji m^efiil^^fi feff ^^-
t^afltsr y . M pro flftjarp
diifc§, pio^i^aue ^itare ^
nialedicere: Rfff^ani^^ ae
^ario veeor^i^Pi fihje^ff-
rff mififihus n^/iris jHr
gfirth^ fermtium mi^dri i
feeun^M reb^^ feToces ejfe^
Interiin, Rpjn^anis om-
nibus, hoftibufque ^roelip
intentis, magna utriipq^.e
vi, pro glori^ atque im-

tergo figpa canere 5 a^c
primo mujier^s, 3f puieri» •
qui vifuini . pEPceflerant,
fugere; deinde, i^ti qUif-,
qjue miirp prpxumus ergt
ppftremQ * G!Uin<SI ^rmati^
inermej&me. Quod ubi
accidit, ep ^crius Romar
l^ infts^i^e, fundere^ ac

s

BfiLLUM JUGtrll-fMll^UM* ±03

pterol^ue * tantummodo

faviciaF^, ^cvrt fviper occi-

forum coi^rz vadere^

avidi gloriae certantes

murum petefe ; neque

quemquam omniam

przeda morari. Sic forte

corre<£fci Marii tertieritas,

gloriani ek ctilpa jnvenit*

C. Giaeterum, dum ca

res geritur, L. SuUa quae-

flor cuni magno equitatu

in caftra venit 5 qui, uti

ex Latio, & a fociis exer-

citum cbg^retj^ Romse

relidtus erat. Se<) quoni-

am nos tanti viri res ad-

monuit ^ idbneum vifum

eft, de naturaj cultu^ue

ejus paucis dicere. Nequc

ehim alio' loco de Sirilce*

rebuS dftSHirf fuHius ; &

L. . Sifenna bptume, &

diligeritiffiihie oniliiuiii,

qui eas re^^ dixetsg, perfef-

cutus, pat\irfi' mihi-libero

ore locutus vidcltur. I^i*-

tur SuUa gentis patridae

hobilis ftfit, familia prope

jam extirifta majorum

ignavia, Htterts Graecis,

atque Latiriis jujftaj- atque

db6tiffuihe' eruHiti^ ani-

mo ihgchtrj cupidus vo-

luptatum, fed gloriae cu-

pidior ; otib luxiiriofo

dfe ; tamen ab negotiis •

numquatri' vohiptas re-

morata, nifiqiiod de wx-

ore potuit honeftius con-

M ; fkcutidas, callidus, '

& amicitla fecilis ; ad fi-

mulanda negbtia altitudo'

ingejnii incriedrbilis ; mul-

their w^ in till hafle ov^r the ho^
dies of fhiflain td the ivaU ; &lt
greedy oj gki^y^ and ndt to he di^
^diy a regard tff ptunder.
the rajh conda^ cf Marius
hMg hafprly corre^edy HHade evi n
afatih in him' turh to hfs glory^

C» During this tranfaSfionj hts
^asjior L, Siilltr^ came Hjoith a
great hody of horfe to the camp^
who hadbeen left at Rome to draw
tegether the troops furriifbed hy the
Latins-y andour allies* But ay ike
ihf^eadbfthef^ry has ledustofke
mention of this ntan^ I judge tt
may not he amifs to-giv^e hisdharac"
ter in d few tuords ; forj Jhall
have nafurther ocdafion td take no-^
tice of hini ; and L.SifinnOy whnf
has givtri us his hijlory ivith the
gf%atejl accutacy and cxaStntfSy of
dM ^at- have pretended iowrrte it^
doef not, .h&voev^^ dfpear to' nA
t& Idy doWTtr bis chara^hr ivith dH
tht freeddnij thaf was, re^uift/k
Sulla wais of et Pairtcian fathilf^
hut alrmfi exiinSl hy the want of

fpirii.and a^vify in.his ance/fors»
He was well- edticatefd' in afl thi
karningMh tf Greece and' RofHi i
ofa greaYfotil y dlover ofpkafure^
hi^yttfonder ofglory. lie wouid^
in a ttme of leifnre^' bi^ guiUy^ (f a
luxuriotrs induigence ; Butwas ne*'
ver hindered by his pitajures ftoth
the proficutioH of buJiH^fs^ except*
ing onfy the ctfe of his ikaMag^j
in which he mighthaiie al^ed mori

fir his honour*, Hewtir ehqiien^

artfulj ando^en to diny-t'hatJough\

Bii fritndjhtp \ had a prodigiotts

tdlerttfor SjgimtHaiitm^ dndwould

. C c 2 tarum

ao4

C. CRISPISALLUSTII,.

tarum rerum, ac maxu-
m6 pecujtiiae largitor ; at-
que lUi, feliciflumo oHnlii-
um ante civilem vidorL
am, nunquam fuper indi^
ftiiam fortuna fuit ; mul-
tique dubitavere, fortior,
an felicior effet. Nam,
polleaquae fecerit, incer-
tum habeo, pudeat an
pigeat differere.

CI. Igitur SuUa, uti
fupra didhim eft, poft-
quam in Africam, atque
in caftra Marii cum equi-
tatu venit, rudis antea, &
ignarus belli, folertiflu-
mus 'omnium in paucis
tempeftatibus fadus eft.
Ad hoc xnilitcs benigne
appellarer; multis rogan-
tibus, aliis pcr fe ipfe darc
beneftcia, invitus accipe-
re ; fed ea properantius,
<quam ses mutuum, red-
dere ; ipfe ab nuUo repe-
tere; magis id laborare,
ut illi quam plurimi debe-
rent ; joca, atque feria
cumhumillumisagere ; in
bperibus, in agmine, at-
<]^ue ad vigilias multus ad-
effe ; nequeinterim, quod
prava' ambitip folet,, Con-
fuli^ aut cujufquam boni
famam laedere ; tantum-
modo neque confilio, ne-
que manu priorem' alium
pati plerofque antevenire.
Quibus rebus, & artibus
Jbrevi M^"o, jiuUtibuf-
que.carifllimus fadhis.

readily part witb any thlng to Jhew
his generofJy^ efpecialfy money* Ana
tho^ hewasy before the^civil war^
tbgpiojifortunate of afl men \ yet
■Ms fortune was never fuperior U
m indufiry ; infomuch that nia-
ny have tnade a quejiion of iiy
whether be was mre brmje^ er
morefortunate. For as to his he-
haviour in the civil war^ I am
uncertairty whether the relatim
ofit would give me more offhami
orforrow.

CI. When Sulla, as bas hen
beforefaid^ was come into Africa^
andarrived at Marius*s camp wiih
the borfe-i tho^ he had heen befon
unfkiltedand ignorant in the ari
of war^ yet in a Jhort time hi
became the ahled man tbat way in
thearmy, Befidis^ hew^s%;erycom'
pkifant in his addrefs to the fol&-
ers. He granted favours to man)
upon their requefl ; to others with-
out it^ of his own ajccord^ wbiljl
he cared not to receive any himfelfy
but when he did^ WQuld be in moTt
hafle to repay them^ than a debt ;
tho* he never demanded any return
from othersy but ratber made it his
bufsnefs to bave otbers as much in-
debtedto him aspoMle, He would
engage either injerious or merry
converfation with perfons of the
lowefi rank, He was fure to be
every where with tbe /ildiers in
thcir encampnunu, marchts, ani
upon the watch^ Nor didhe in the
mean timey wi/at vpicked ambition
is apt to prompt Tnento, go ahout
to leffen the charadler of the Con"
fuly of anyother worthy fnan what-
ever. He only would notfuffer awj
one to outjirip him in counfely or ac-

tion ;

BELLrUM JIJGURir.HIN0M.

205

iton ; and excelUd: mofl. By aJl mhkh behavipurjin ,'txs'fiort
time he rendered hinijelfhigbly Mccffipiable U Maritis^.>ani\the
whoU army. ^ . «. - . : .

,.CII^ But Jugurtha^ aper be
hadJoJi>^CapJay witb cther Jirongx
holds of'.great ufe ta himi and a
V(ffi\treafure beftdeS'\fends away
mejjingers to nocahus^ ,to Jiajleu
bis tnarxh into Nuniidia ; becaufe it
wds. now timcy be faidj to give the
enemy baftle* But finding him di*-
mur. upOK the matter^ and doubtful
T^ith himfelf wbat courfe to take^
whether tbatofwar or p^alce ; b^
againj as h/e haddme befare^irihes
thofe about him to hisintereft-^ and
promifes the Moot bimfelfa ibird
donis corrumpit 5 ipfique part of Numidiay if the Romans
Mauro pollicetur Numi- jbouldbe driven out <f Africa^ or
diae partem tertjam, .fi be left inthe pojfijjion ,of his domi-^
aut Romani Af^ca ex- niorts entire^ upon tbe conclujion of
pulfi, aut, ' integris fuis tbewar* 'Boccbusy tempted by this
finibus, bellum cpmpofiV bait^ comes to Jugurtha witb a
tum foret^ Eo praemio vqfiarmy* After theyijoefejoinedy

they Yall up(m Mariusy as be was
marching into his. winter"

GIL At . Jugurtha
poftqi^m pppidum Cap-
fam, aliofque V locos znu-
nito^, & fibi utili^, fimul &
magnam pecmii^m ^mi-
ferat; ad^Bocchum nui^-
cios mittit, quam primum
in Numidiam cppias ad-
diiceret ; proelii faciundi
tempus adeffe. Quem
ubi cun£biri accepit, du-
bium belli, atque pacis
rationes trahere; turfus,
uti antea, proxumos ejus

ille^lus Bocchus, cum
magna multittidihe Jii-
gurtham accedit, Ita,
amborum exercitu con-
juntSlo, Marium jam in
hlberna prpficifcentem,
vix decima parte die re-
]iqua invadunt, rati noc-
tem, qux jam adek^at,
viftis iibi munimento fo-
re; & fi viciflent, nullo
impedimento, quia loco-
rum fcientes erant ; con-
tra Romanis utrumque

novf

quartersy fofar^ on ihe day^ tbat
Jcarce a tentb part of it

there was ^ ^

Uft\ fiippojing the nighty whieh
was near at handy would prnte^f
themy if worfied ; and ifthey pre-
vailedy woutd be no .impediment t9
the profecution $f the, viSforyy by
reafin theywerefo well acquainted
with thecountry ; whereas tbe Ro^
mansy whicb way foever the mat-
ter went^ iJOeuld have but a bad
cjnanceforitinthedarh Where-
cafum in tenebris difficili- fdre the Confulnofooner had noticcj
orem fore. Igitur fimul as he hadfromfeveraly rfthe ene^

mf s flpproachy than theywere up-
m him. And.before the army could
ieputin order ofbattUy or draw
their baggage togetber.i injhorty

inftrui,

Conful ex multis .de ho-
fl,ivm adventu Qognovit ;
'& ip£i hofies ader^nt ; &
prius quam exer<;Ltus aut

to6

C. Cmsn SALLXJ^ST^JI

iilftrui, •at&Txrinas coBi^
gere^ demqoe, antequatn
fignum, aut imperium
uiluofi acc^iere quivit»
' eqnite» Mauri, at^e
Gaetuli, non acie, neqqe
ulio more prcelii, fed ca^
tervatim, uti qu^fque
fors cpnglobavcrat, in
noftros incurrunt. QjH
dmne^ trspidi improvMb
nietu ac tamen virtutis
metnores, aut arma ca--
piebant, autcapientis alios
ab hofiibus defenfabant ;
pars equOs afcendere, db-
viam ire hoftibus ; pugna
ktrocihia magis, qudm
prcelio fimilis fieri y fine
fignis, fine ordinibus,
equites peditt^ permixti ;
cxdere alios^ alios ob-
truncare ; multos, con-
tra adveffos accerrume
pugnaintes ab tergo cir-^
cumvenire j neque virtus,
neque arma fatis tegete ;
quia hoftes numero p]u~
res^ & undique circumfulfi
crant. Denique Rotnani
veteres, novique, & ob^
<ea. fcientes belli, fi^ quos
iocus, aut cafus conjunx-
erat, orbes ftcere ; atque
ita ab omnibus partibus
fimul tedi, & inftrufti,
hoftium vim fuftmtabant.
CIII. Nequeineo tam
aipero negotio Marius
territus aut magis^ quam
antea, demifib animo fu-
it; fed cum turma^,-
quam ex fortifiuirii* ma-
gis, quam familiari^tnis

^forethey cdikldreceive aityji^al^'
ct word of coTiimand^ the Atoortjh
and Gatulian hqrfe^ not itt/hte or^
der^ or ehty reguldr mtthod of fight*
tngy but tnfcaHef^ed cdntfmHeSj as
chance had hrought ihftn together^
cd^e peU-^meU ttpon the Itomam^
who v/e^e al^inbd indeed iniith fo
uneicpeShd an;offet ; yet ffiindful of
fheir fotmer' brS^ery^ fhey^ eithef
mk to theirar^thSf or dtfendedfnch
ai ivere doitiffo'^ ftom fhe efiemj,
Part ofthetH mounting theiT hor-
fiSf advlsficed again^ the?fti The
fight ivas more iike an etigagement
with a gang of handiiiiy thdnfol-
diers, The Romans were tvith^
out their fiandards^ in cdrrfufiofiy
horje aTfdfiU jUmbled iogeiher ;
whii/i tne ehemfs hetefed and
hewed ambng ihem^ and aftacked
here and tiiere fikch fff them as
tUere engaged Pn the rear^ nvhom
^mither their xoUragey fior arms^
could fuj^ciently fecurle ; hecdufe
the enefny wett fnbre numerous^
andon all ftdes of them. Final"
hyj the RortianSy hoth old andnnv
foldiers^ as chanee happefted to
join them^ formed thernfeFOes tnt9
round bodies ; dnd Jh heing fecu^
, red on atlfides^- and, pofied^ iri pro^
per order^ they bravely witafiood
the enemy.

Clir. Fn this defperate cafe^
Marius was not daunted. or a zvhit
nior^ difruiyed^than at other tirhes ;
but with his owri troopy whtch hc
badformed not h much of friendsy
as the braveft fellows in the*4tr?nyy
flew^ abittt' e^ery whir*e ; one whiie

para-

BE3:*J,UM.JJiaURTHIMUM. aoy

jracqtt5r<?i?^ ei^dp hofUs,
ut>i wJfertySis^i oji>ftite-
i:a;i^t, ioya^ere maau ;
i;9^J&^:^ mUitibus, quo^
niam imperare conturba-
ti$ omnibus non poterat,
J^que di^ cpafumptu^
crat, cu© timen barbari
ulhil renuttece \ . atque,
i^ti reges . prsecepcran^
ao^empro& lati, acrius
inftarc. Tum Marius ex
eopia rerum confilium
trahit 5 atqu^ uti fuis re-
ceptw locus eil^t^ coUis
duos proplaquQS inter iie
occupat. Quonjim ia
ijno/ caftris pamm ainpb),
ibns aquse magnuS' mt \
aker ufui opportunus,
quii magni^ parte editus,
%i p9rsecep$ \ pau^a mu*
nimeuto ^ebat. CaetCr.
T^m apud aquam SuUam
cum equitibus no(9:em
;>gitarc jubct. Ipfe paul«-
}^tim difperfos milites,
' neque minus hpftibus
conturbatis, in unum
.Qontrahit; dein cunctos
pleno gradu in coUem
ftibdHcit. Ita reges, loci
difticuhat^ coa^Si, proelio
deterrentur, ; ncque ta-
Dfien fuos longjius abire ^-
nunt, fed", oatroque cplle
jnultudine circumdato
rfpufi cohfedere. Dein,
crebris ig^iibus fa(5tis, pl^^
rumque ruxSU^ barbari
S3ore fuo laetari, exful-
tarei fti:€pere vocib^sj

ritifsjiag> his ewn inan iu Ji/hc^s %
^miher- whUe falling i» fim<mgfl
thd thithji ofthe enemy i ^tndiy
fighting hirnfelf in ferf^ 4ndea^
"uaureata.ferve his foldiers ^iitht
could ; fjmce^inthi^ wmferfal ifm'^
fufion^ it was ipipoJfMefor him n
/ih the prpper part ofa generah
Jnd tho^ the day loai ncw ^uitB
fpent^ yet did not tie.fury tftht
.£nemy aiats atail',.but asthikinjp
bad.. infttuSledf thetfi hefbr^handy
fuppi^tng night would ^ive thm
thiMdvWfUage^tbey charged jmrt
defperaiely than hefore^ Mafim^
iipon this^ takes tkerno^froper
meafures his prefint ciriuni^neei
ivimd admit of y and^to- pfovide
firihe r^teat ffhis iroop^fA%e$
t^pon two hHls that Were near toge-m
ther ; in me cf which^ not iarge
enough eneamp on^ there wos a
plentiful fpring of watgr i the
otherwas convenient for the pur^
po/ij hecaufe ihe main of ii wai
htgb: andjieepy andwouM requiri
but littlefortifying, However^ he
orders Sulk with ki-s horfe tofpend
the night by the water» He draws
hy degrees his feattered troops toge-^
thery the enemy being now in a$
much confufton as ihey 5 and then
carries them all^ upon afullmarch^
tif the hilU Thus the Kings were
ohliged^ hy the diffkuky of attaek^
ing ihem in thdt fituation^ to giv^
over thifight ; but yet fuffer^d noi
theif men to withdraw toany du '
Jlance^ but enclofmg h&ththihilb
wkhin their two armieSy lay fcat-^
tered here and there, And ihen the
harharians^ making many fires^
fpent the greateji part ofthe night
in mirth and joUity^ and yelling

&

«o8 ' C. CRTBPI-SALHJCSTII >

& ipfi duccsfficooes ; quia. ^ftet tbeir fafljion\ ' And their lea-
noa fugere ut pro vidto- uers^ proud to think ihey had noX
ribus ^gere, Sed ea cundta run away, hehd^ed as c^Hquerors,
Jloinar\isi\ ex tcnebris, &cjfil thtfe things-werevery^i^hle
cditioiibu$..\ locis facilia . /ff /ji^ ^<7»2^?«f,' wA^ tvere in the
vifu, . . mognoque horta^ dark upon the hHls \ ^nd ga*u^e tbem
Ki^tQ-^ant. m little encourctgement, ' ^

CIV^ ..Plurimum vero QtV . Marius beingmuch ani-
Marius imperitia toftium. mated hy^^the Mly> ef the enewy^
confirmatus, quam max^. gr.ders a prefiundJiUnie to hekept,
i»mum fiientium. haberi.. and ihat notrumpetsi/hould found^
jub^t ; nCv figna quidemy as..iifual^ ^at- jber/rend < of every
liti' per YigUUs ..folebant, . ttMtchy < Tmardr hneai af day^
cme^t 'i d^inde,.ubi lux when the, enemf .'Wfere^navu weary
^dy^lttabat, ; defeffis jam ani afletp^ he orders 4be trumpe-
l^oftibus,, . ^c p^uUo ante • . ters throughout^ the artny ■ to found
lomw captiS). de impro- . at^ome^ andjth^foldiers^o rhakea
yifq .veftig^s,. item co-.. falfy:upon th^-jnjem/witp a great
tiprtHx^J,^ ..iwrm^mra, . le- Jbouh The Moors and Goetulians
gi^opurn tubii^ines^ fithid hung. fuMenly- .awakened withfo
on^nis. figi^a. 'CViere, rai- . une^e^edjonddifnml anoife^ a>uid
Jites ., claUnwDr^em toUere, neither fty^ mrtake arms \ nei-
^fcque; vpQrtis N erumpere;. . ^Af/:. ^^, nor-think ,of.any thing
M^ri,:,\ -glque Gaetuli, .fortheirownifjecurity ; ^eing atl
ignpt^, &; hOrribili fonitu perfe£tlyjlupifiedviith the clamour
l[epent^:^xcivi>.«eque /fu-'.- ^«S e//«tf^/?/^* their ears-y tvbil/t
gere, nequp^ arma capere> our men poured in upon them in this
neque, opoini^^o . . facere, . helplefs ■eonditimywitb eonfuftony
aut prpvidere . . quidquam jerrour^.and diJiraSiion attending
poter :^t * i . " , ita . CunxS: o$ . theni^ In Jhorty \they were ail rout-
ftrepitu,.»-; clartiore < nullo .; ed and dtfperfed^ mofi oftheir arms
fubyeniei>te, ...ncrftris in-f ■. andmiiitaryjlmdardt were takeny
ftantibus tumuku,. terio- and more men kiiied in that battiej
H^e, formidine,. quafi v.e- ihanaiitheformer. Fortheirflight
cordia^. ceper^t. D.enique , wds in agreat nteafire prevented
omnes /fufi, fugatique ; byjieep andfurprixe together^
arma,v2^ figna miiitaria pleraquc captJi : plurejfque eo proelio,
qu^m,omnibus fuperiorlbuS) jnterempti. : Nam fomno, &
metu.iafplito impedita fug^.

CV. ^P^^^^.MariuSj.uti CV. -Nqw Mariusfurfuedbis
coeperat in h.iberna pro-, former deftgn of mar-chingy in or-:
ficifcitur, quse propter ". •der io quarter his .foldiers^ fir tbe
comine^tum. in. oppidis winter^^ in the townsuppn.ihefea^
maritimis aggere decreve- , ^oaji^ heCaufe qf the pienty of pror^

rat ;

BELLUM JtJGURTHINUM. 209

*

rat ; neque taimen vifio-
ria fecors, aut inialens fac-
tus ; fed pariter, atque in
confpe£^u hoftium, quad-
rato agmine incedere. Sul-
la cum equitatu apud dex-
timos, in finiftra parte A.
Manlius cum funditori-
bus, & fagittariis, praeterea
cohortes Lieurum cura-
bat 5 primor& exo^mos
cum expeditis manipuli^
tribunos locaverat. Per-
fugae, minime* cari, &
regionum fcientiffimi, ho-
ftium iter explorabant.
Simul C(»ifu], quafi nuHo
impofito, omnia provide-
re ; apud omni$ adefle,
iaudare, increpare meren-
tis. Ipfearmatus, inten-
tufque item milites coge-
bat ; neque fecus, atque
iterfacere, caftra munire^
excubilum in porta co-
hortis ex legionibus, pro
eaftris equites auxiliarios
mittere ; praeterea aliqs
iuper vaHu^i in muni-
mentis locare^ vigitias ipfe
circuke) non diffidehtia
futuri, qu2e imperaviftet,
quam yti mifitibus ex£-
quatus cum imperatore
labos volentibus eiTet. £t
fane Marius Ulo & aliis
temporibus Jugurthihi
belli, pudore magis, quam
malb, exercitum coerce-
bat ; quod multi per am-,
bitionem fieri agebant ;
pars, quod a pueritia
confuetam duritiam, &
alia, quas caeteri miferias

vijions in thof^ parts, However^

he tvas not rendered either carelefs^

or infolent^ hy his fuccefs ; but

marchedwith his army in afquart

figurey as ifhe had been in viett>

$fan enemy, SuUa was with the

iorfe upon the right ; j/. Manlius

with the Jlingers and archerSj as

alfofomei battalions ofthe Liguri^

ansy on.the left» In thevanand

rear he hadpajied the Tribunes of

thi armyy with feveral cdmpanies

of footy clear of haggage, De-

fertersj who were but littlefet by^

and befides bejt acquaintea with

the country, were fent out to, r^-

connoitre the enemy, At thefame

time^ the Conful overhoked every

thing^ as if no one had heen en^

irufted in any fhare ofthe command

with him, He was every where^

commending or reprimanding fucn

as deferveait, Herwas afmed^ and

upon his guardhimfelfy anddbUged

the Jildiers to befo too, Nir didhf

ufe this great caution only in his

marchy bitt in enc^impingy p^fting^

the ufual^uard of kgionaryfoldi--

ers at the gates wlthin the campy

^nd auxiliary horfe withouty as aljb

upon ih^ ramparts ; and going ih^

rounds to vtjit the watch himfetfy

notfomuchfrom a diftriiji of thofe '

employedio exectite his orders^ as*

tD tnake the foldiers mre eAfy under

,their fatigue^ by takin^ hn equal

•Jheirewitb ihem in it, And indeed

Marius both then: and altthe tinie

he was employedin the war againji'

yugurtha^ kept up good drder.in

the armyy more by the dint ofjhaMy

thah punifhm^nt\ whjehy 'many]

faidy was donepurely ts couft the^

foldiery j but othen wiretfopinV^'

D d vocant,.

lio

C. CRISPI SALLUSTII

vocaqt, voluptati habu-
iffet. Nifi tamen Refpub.
pariter, ac faeviffumo im*
perio, bene) atquedecore
geih.

CVI. Igitur quarto de*

nique die, haud longe ab

oppido Cirta undique fi-

mul fpeculatores citi fefe

ofiendunt ; qua re hoKlis

adefie intelligitur. Sed

quia diverfi redeuntes,

alius ab aliaparte, atque

omnes idem fignifica-

bant ; Conful incertus,

quonam modoaciem in-

ftrueret, nullo ordine

cpmmutato, advorfum

opmia paratus, ibidem

opperitur. Ita Jugur--

tham fpes fruflrata, qui

rcopias in quatuor partis

diftribuerat, ratus ex om-

nibus aeque aliquos ab ter-

gO hoftibus venturo$. la-

terim Sulla, quem pri-*

mum hoftes attigerant,

-cobortatus fuos, turma-

tiiu, & quam maxume

confertis equis, ipfe alii-

que Mauros invadunt^

caeteri in loco manentes,

ab jaculis eminus emiffis

corpora tegere, & fi qui

in manus veh^rant, ob-

truncare.

CVII. Dum eo modo
eqiiites proeliantur, Bbc-
chus cum peditibus, quos
Volux filius ejusadduxe-
rat, neque in priore pug-

oriy he tsok a real pleafure in thai
way ofbebavioury as haruingfrom
bis youth heen inured to i^arel/hip^
andfiicb tiings as others countvery
difmaL Hovoever^affhirs were g%
welly and as glorioujly managed^ gi
they could have heen under the mojl
fevere command,

CVI. Jlt lajl^four days after

the hattle^ feveral fcouts Juddenlj

appeared on alljidesy notfarfrom

the town of Cirta ; a ceriain

ftgn that the enetny was not far

off. But becaUfe the parties ihat

brought intelligence from all quar-

ters roundy were in the fame Jiory^

the Conful not knowing how to

draw up his artny^ without alter^

ing the difpojition ,of his troops at

aily waitSy in the place ivhere ht

then was^ the comingofthe enenrj\

prepared to receive thetriy let tbem

attack him in what quat^er they

would i which was a baulk upon

Jugurtha. For be haddividedhis

trwps into four parts^ foppofing

fome of them would certainfyfur-

.prize the en^tny in the rear, In

the trle,an time Sullay whom the

erutny carnejirjl up ^ith^ encoura-

ging his mettj with feveral troops

of horfcy in chfe order^ fall upon

the Moors. The reji keeping their

groundy only endeavoured toguard

agaitift the weaponsy which the

enemy pouredin upon them at a di-

flance \ and if any of them came

tip t$ thernj cut them^ dffutJn.

CVII. During this engagement

of the horfe^ Bocchtis witb the

footy which his Jon Volux had

brought him^ but who loiiering

upon their march^ had not been at

na.

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM. 2ti

na, in itinere mbrati, ad- tbe former hattle ; falls uhon tht

fuerant, podremam Ro- hinder part of the Roman^army*

manonim aciem inva- Marius was then in the van^ ^^-

dunt. Tum. Marius apiid caufe Jugurtha was there with ^

primos erat, quod ibi numerous body of troops ; who re^

Jugurtha cum plur^mis ceiving intelligence of Bocchus*s

in(rabat. Dein Numida, comingy wheels off privaiely with

cognito Boccbi adventu, a few attendants to the Roman

clam cum paucis ad pedi- foot^ and there cHes out in Latin^

tes convertit ; ibi Latine, which he had learnt to fpeak at

nam apud Numantiam Numantia^ that our ihen fought

loqui didicerat, exclamat to no purpofe, fince he had flaia

nofiros frujira pugnare ; Marius but a little before^with his

paulh ante Marium fua owh hand ; and at the fame time

manu interfe&um ; fimul Jhewed them hisjword aU bloody^

gladium fanguine oblitum which he had madefo hy kiUing a

oftendere, quem in pug- foot-man y^ongirig to our army.

ria, fatis impigre ocdfo Which when the Jhldiers heard

pedite noftro, cruentav^- theywere jhoekedwtth the horrid^

rat, Quod ubi milites tiefi of thething^ more than any

accepere, magis atrocitate credit they gave to /f ; and at the

rei, quam iide nuncii, fame ■ time the bdrharians took

terrentur ; fimulque bar- fr^Jh couragej and madt a very

bari animos toUere, & in fmart attack upon the dijheartened

perculfos Romanos acrius Romansy who were now readj

incedere, Jamque 'paul- to^fly ; when Sulla hdving routei

lum a fuga aberant, cum thofe he was engaged with^ in his

Sulla, profligatis iis, quos ntnrn from the purfuit of them^

advorfum ierat, rediens falls uponthe Moorstn theirflank ;

ab latere Mauris incurrit. whereupon Bocchus immediately

Bocchus ftatim avertitur. flies. Butjugurtha^ defirous tofup-'

At Jugurtha, dum fiif- port hisfriends^ and make fure of

tentare fuos, & prope jam the vkfory^ which he had now aU

adeptam vi£h>riam reti- mo/i got^ was hemmed in upon the

nerecupit, circumventus right and lefi hy our horfe ; and

ab equitibus dextra, fi- aU his attendants heing flain^ made

niftra, omnibus occifis, good his retreaty as he was by him^

folus inter tela hoftium felfj hy eautioi^y keeping upon his

vitabundus erumpit. At- defence againfl the weapons poured

que interim Mariu6, fii- in upon him. 4nd in the mean time^

gatis equitibus, accurrit Marius routing thehorfe^ comes to

auxilio fuis, quos pelli the relief of his men^ who^ he was-

jam acceperat. Denique advertijedj gave ground hefore the

hoftes jam undique fufi. enemf. FinaUyy they were now

routed in aU qudrters.

Dd2 cvm.

C. CRISPI 5AIiLUSTU

CVin. Tumfpca^. &yill. JninmnkUtk^rea

culum horribile in campis dna^ulj^ht t9 be fe§H ail wir

|[»atentibus \ fequi, Aige* thefieldsj i9 a vafi exUnt % fom

Xc ; occidi) cagii equi pur/uingf tihenfijfing i fi^ were

atque viri, adfliifli ; ac HUedy fittie t^ken ; h^rfis ateel men

multi, vulneribus aco^- tuttibhdtegeth^r upgtitbe igrnmeii

^Sj neque fugere poue, aadtnanyibaiwere^cundeJie^uld

liequ^ quietiim pati ; luti miiher fiy^ twr he quiet ^ but en-

modoy aciiatim. concidev deaV9uring in ri/ei imttteeiiatelyfell

tt ', poftremo omniay qua downagain* Finally^ aUp^t^h ^^

vifuserat, conftrata telis, farasfighi entid.reacby utere cq^

armisi cad^veribus ; & ver^el wih artns tfMfQrts^ and

inter ea humus infefia diadhodiei ; and ihe groundfiain-

fanguine. Poftea loci Con- ^ ed wiih blood. Xbe Coeful bavin^

ful^hauddubiejamvidor) new gai an unquefti^ttMf vUierj^

pervenit in oppidum Cir* cminued his hutrcbJa Gtrta^ .thi

tam» quQ initio profefftus place he before deftg;nfdfor. Thi-^

intenderat. 'i.o poft diein tbtr^^five days ^r iie batbari"

quintum; quam itenuxi ani had been beaietty cattie 4etuii<s

l>arbari . male pugnave* fromBocchus \ wbo^ in tb^ Kin^s

nnt, )^ti a Boccho tt^y requefied rf Marius to^S&A

veniunti\ qui re^gis verbis . tobim two.perfonatobfi cmfided

ab Mario petivere, duos io, thatlM^migi^imt¥^khthem

quam fiiijp^Tnos^ ad eum ^oactrmog the jtiatt .intmft of

mitiere ; velle de fuo^ isf, biiiifel^ ^ tbe Romto peopk.

dt populi Jiomani cotnn^ He ittitnediaitly d^patcbes auftty L*

do cum iis difierere. Ill^ ^ulia^ attdJ. AmttHftsi wbottei-'

itatim L. Sullam, & A. wiil^anding ibey.vtent ufan ibe

Manlium he jubet. Q^i King^s requefi^ yet ihey r^fihiedio

quamquam acciti ibant> fpi^l^fitfi% in arder io ivarjc upon

tamen placvut verb^ api^d Utn^ if be wasfiill o^ittate ; or

regemfacere j,utiing€ni- ^ i^* wai d^rttus vf peace^

um aut averfum flede^ $o ertcourage ibai dimfiiws in

rent \ aut cupid^jp paciis bim^ Wberefoxe Sulmi ta wifotn

vehementiiis accender^nt* ,Manlius gave piace^ in, cmfidera-

Itaque Sulla, ci^ . fa^^ tion ef bis eiiqttatcey. aiul mt his

cundise, nOn aetati, ^ . ag^y jpoke briefiy. to- Jihe folhwitig

Manlio conceffun^, pauca; ^ffi£i^

verba hujufcemQdi locu- ^ • .

tus.

CIX. Rex Boc^be^ CIX« KingBocdios^ itisno
magna nobis laiitia efi^. fmall joy tous^ tofipiLdieGods

cum te talem virum dii have putitintothebcartoffeiiDe

monuercy uti aliquando Aprinceasyouafe^tackiiifeatM

facem

BE)3ffUM!J0GURTHrNUM.

ai3

pmtnrti qusm bdlum^ iml^ '
Us i km ie optttmum cum
peyumo omnium Jugur^
ihd mifcrfHlo mnmacular
rt$ ; Jimul mbis. demeres
merbam neteffttu£nemj
pariier te errantem^ i^
itlum fiish^ratiffkmum^ pei^-
fequi* Aibacy pepuk.ILo^
manos jam a prJneipio
impi^ nulius ^vifom^ ami^
tosy qudm fervoSj quare^^
re i ■ tutiti/que ratiy vo-»
ieMtibuSj quam coa£iisy
imperitmre^ , Tibi^' vero
nuUa opportunior amicitia
moftra \ pnimum quod
frocul aiffumus \ . in qua
cffenfa nunimty gratia .
pary ac Ji prope adeffe^
nms^dein^ quoa .pffrstUes
esbunde habeThus ; anueo"
ruThy neque noidsy nequs^
suiqii^m omnium fdtis.fU'»
it» Atque hoc utinam a
principio tibi plaeuiffit /
profe&o ex P. A. aa hoc
ten^us multo. plura hma
accepiffesy quam mah
perpeffui effes* Sed^quo^
niam humanarum rerum
fortuna pleraque regit ;
£ui fcilicet placmffe &! vitft^
Ist gratiam ^nojfttam ^xpe"
riri \ nanci quando per il-
lum licetj fjyffiha.', atque^ .
uti ccep^&f perge* Jkhl"
tfty. atque epportuna ha^
hesy quo facilius erraia
^ciis fuper^^' Poffn^m
boc m pe£ius tutcm dimitf^
ffy numquam P. R. be^
n^ciis viSum effe. Nam^
heiky pd4 vale^ty tfftf
ftis.

ladierto be at peace,teti ifvar wltK
iis^and iio iongei' difparjigeyour-
fel^ a mbft exceUeat p^rfen, by n-
jiiting with the ivcAft man alive,
Jugurtha; and at theiame limb
(kKver ds from tbeodioiHiieceffliy
of purfuing you, guiltjr' ohly df a
miflHke^ and that moft Vtie wreteh^
with the like vengeanc». It has ever
beed a maxim with Ihe Romah
peofjle, iince their firfl rife in the
vyorld, which was bm low, to pto-
cure themfelves friedds/atherthan
ilaves ; and they haVe atways
thought it fafer to rule o v^r WSiin^
fiibjedS) than by comptiljSon» No
alliance cm be more aotnmodioiis
for you) than o«rs« Ih fhe firft
plaoe^ be^ufeweai^agredtway
off ^in-wfaieh eafe, therie can be
very^ fmall occafiprt of£fter^ce^
and :yet thef« tazy be th^ &mc
good ufideiibmding, asif wewere
near neighbours ^md in tl$e next
place, b^aufe we have fubja^s e^
nough;-but neithei^w^ hdr ahy
one.eIfe9^ have ever friends enough.
And I c6uid have wifh^, y6u h»i
tafcen thia courfe at firft f You
would certainly by tfiis timehave
received mdre good at f be hahds 6l
the Romanhpeople^ Iban yoii have
now fuffered evil# Buifasthe c6n-'
cems of mankind v^ in the maiti^
fwbjeaed tp the power^f fortune,
who had a mind, ii feems, that
you ftiould a« well feel the i^efts^
of our foi^e, as of our iavcjur ; ntyvf
tat ihe puts tbe latfcer ili your
power, be qiiiek and go oh, asyou
lUive b^iai* Nbw you have grcat
a^vantages forcorre^tingyourfoi'-
mer miftafeesy by future fc^ices.
Fifidty, ki ibi^U^o^ fiidcdeep

, ai+ C. CRISPI SAtLUSTII

I

into your mind^ that the Roman peopk were never yet mu
done in a£b of ^ndnefs by any one. For as to tJbeir ability in
war, you know that well enough yoqrfelf.

C A. Ad ea Bocchu$ CX. . 7o aU this Bocchui mit

plicide, & benigne ; fi- a veryjo/t and civil reply \ at tk

ihul pauca pro delido fuo fame time making n brief aps*

veifba facit ; /e non hojiili logy/orhis mi/condiUf y alie^in^^

etnlmoy /ed ob regnum tu^ tlut hehad not taken up armsout

tandum arma cepiffe ; of any Iioftile intention againft the

nam Numdia partm^ Romans, but for the defence of lus

unde vi Jugurtham ex- kingdom ; forthat part of Numi-

pulerity jure beili /uam dia, out of which he had driven

/a^amy eam vajiari a Jugurtha, was, by the right of

Marioy pati nequivijfe y war, b^ome hisown; wfichhe

pratereay mijfis antea could not fuffer to be laid wafte by

Romam legatisj repulfum Marius. Befides, upon his apply-

abamicitiai caterum ve- ing formerly, by his ambafladors

tera omitterey ac tum^ Ji at Kome, for an aUismce with us»

fer Marium liceretj k^ he had becn rej^ated ; but howe-
gatps ad Senatum mijii'. ver, he (hould decline alliUrther |

rum. Dein, copia fafla, . mcntion of what was paft ; and

ianimus barbari ab amicis now, if Marius pleafed to givehioi

flexus, quos Jugurtha lcave, he fliould fend ambaffiidors

eognita legjitione Sulte, again to the Senate. JTet tho' thn

jk Manlii, metuens id Hberty tvas a/terwards grai&d

quodparabatur,donis cor- hiniyjhe mind o/ ihe barbanm

fuperat. Marius interea, receiveda different iurny /rmtU

e^ercitu in' hibernaculis injiuence of./uch /riendsy aij^;

' compofito, cum expedi- gurthay.upon heari?^ o/thtdif

tis . cohortibus, & parto patch o/SuIlaj and Mamttts io hm

' cquitatus prdficifcitur in. hadbribed. Inthe meantime^Mf'

Joc^ fola, obfeflum tur- riushavingputhis army intowin-

rim regiam, quo Jugur- ter-quartersy^marcbes.into the ii-

Aa perfugas omnis pr^fi» /arty, with a detacbment o/ M

dium impofuerat. Tum andhor/e, to bejiege a tewerofi"^

rurfus Bocchus /eiiciter King% wherein Jugurtha bad

feu reputando, qu« fibi put et garri/on (f Homandeferiir^'
duobus praeliis venerant, . Thenagain Bacehusy either/r^ni^

feu admonitus ab aliis a- conjideration o/ wbat he hadj4'

micls, quos incprruptos /ered in the two battleSy or uP-

Jugurtha reliquerat, c?c on tbe advice o/ etber ffitndsj

omni copia neceflariorum whom /ugurtha . had left uncor*

quinque dele^t, quorum ruptedy chofe out o/ the numhcr^j

& fides cognita, & ipg^ bis ./riends five^ thi tnoji ^'

BELLUM JUGURTHINtJM. ^15

nia validiiTuma erant. £os
ad Marium, ac dein, fi
placeat, Romam legatos
ire jubet 5 agendarum re-
rum, & quocumque mo-.
do bdli componendi li-
centiam ipfis permittit.

CXL Illi mature ad
hibema Romanorumpro-
ficifcuntur ; deinde d
Gsetylis latronibus in iti-
nere circumventi, fpolia-
tique, pavidi, fine decore
ad Suliam pei^nt ;
quem Confiil, in expedi-*
tionem proficifcens, pro
praetore reJiquerat. Eos
ille non pro vanis hofti-
bys, uti meriti erant, fed
accurate & liberaliter ha-
buit. Qua re barbari &
famam Romanorum ava-
jfltise fidfam, & SuUam
ob munificentiam in fefe
amiatoi rati. Nam etiam
tum hi^tio multis ignota
crsit \ munificus nemo
putabatur, nifi pariter
volens ; dona omnia in
beni^tate habebantur.
Igitur Quaeftori mandata
BoGcbi patefaciunt ; fi-
mul ab eo petunt, uti
£iutor, confultorque fibi
adfit ; c^ias^ jidim^ mag"
nitudinem ngis fui fef
alia^ qua aut utilia^ aut
benevaUntia ejfe crede-
banty oratione extollunt ;
dein, SuUa onmia pollicj-
to, do£ti quo modo apud
Marium, item apud Se«
natum vetba facerent,
circiter dies xu ibidetn
opperiuntur.

nent for their good affeSiion and
parts. . Thefe he orders to gd t4^
'Alariusy and^ if he gave con-^
fent^ to Romc ; andfurnijhes them
with full powers for the conclu^
ding of a peace at difcretion,

CXI. They quickly depa7't for
the winter^qvarter s oftheKomans ;
hut heing trepanned in the way^
dnd ftript of all they had^ hyfome
Gatulian robhers^ in great fright^
ani a forry equipage^ they purfue
their way to Sulla ; whom the Con-
fuk fvhen he went upon his expedi-
tiorfy had left Proprator. He did
not treat them likefickle enemiesy
as they had deferved ; but^ with
gireat kindnefs and generofity^
Whereupon the hairharians believed
the report of the Roman avarice
to befalfsf and concluded SuUa^
from his generous reception ofthem^
to he theirfriend. For thepraSfife
ofgivingy in order to corruption^
was even at thdt time unknown to
many ; and nobbdy was thought
generouSj but out ofgood will ; and
all prefents were reckoned argu-^
ments of kindnefs. fVherefore they
acquaintthe ^aflor with the in-^
JiruSiions they had received froni
Bocchus ; andat thefame time re-
queli of him to favour and afjiji
them in their buftnefs ; magnifying
cxtremely thc forces, honefty and
greatnefs of their prince, with o-
ther things they thought might be
fubfervient to their defign, or a
meansto procurc favour. Sulla
proTmfed aUthey defired\ andbeing
by him inftruifed how they Jhould.
addrefs MariuSy andUkewtfe the
Senate^ they 'waited therc ahout-
forty days.

ar$ C. CftlSPI SA;.USTrj

^^L Marius poft- CXU, Merhts not fucceedini

^qu^ infc£io n^otiO) in his attempt upon tbe t&wer,

quo intendera^, Cirtam returns to Grta ; wbere being

redit j de adventu I^lp- informed of the arrivql of the

rum certior fa<Aus, illof- amhaffc^rs^ be orders them and

que, & Sullam venire Sulla,to£ometo bim\ and Hkewifi

jubet, itemque L. Bellie* fummons £. BelUenus tbe Fr^or

num praetorem, Utica, ^m Utica \ and hefides bim^ all

pra^terea omnis undique others 4f Senatorian retnky in or*

Sen;^orii ordinis ; qui« 4er to ^dvife ivith them ahout

bufcum mandata Bocchi the propofals ofBocchns ; tbe fum

cognofcit ; in quibus, wbereofwas^ Ubertyfor his ambaf-

iegatis pote(ta^ eundi Ro- fadors to proceed to Romey and a

tpan^ iit ; & ab Confule ceffation ofarms in the mean time,

interea induciae poftula- Jf^hich Sulla^ with a majarity ofthe

bantur. ,£a Suliae&ple- council^ appro^ved of \ hut others

rifque placu^re ; payci fe- Jiifly oppofed, being.not fufficientij

iDcius decemunt, fcilicet fenfihU of th^ uncertainty and in-

ignari hum^narum re«> eonjiancy, of kmtmjitffaixs^ fuhjeR

rum, quae fluxas, H ?no- to very unlncky rewHuti^s. The

biles femper in advorfa Moors f?api)^ obtained all tbey

mutantur. Caeterum defiredy ibree ofjhem went far

Mauri impetratis omni- Rome^ wiib JO. O^heviusi Ibfoy

bus, tres ^omam prpfec- who Jjai. come as ^eefhr ixi9 J-

ti cum C. Oftavio Rufc^ fricoy with payfor tbearmjy^iLttva

ne, qui Qjiaeftor ftipen-? return to the ^itsg^^ ^m/| beffides

diuiKi ^dpprtayerat ; du9 other ihings^^ aequaint^.hm tmre

^^ T^gPm redevat,. Ej^ particulafl^mth ^Sulla^s Mndnrfr

lii$; Bpojhus CMmcwtem,. .<7»rf cnnctxn^for him\ whicb was

tum maxuna^ , bjsnignita- very agrmhh. At Jlome^ tbe am^
teqo, & ftudium S.ullje.. hfiffaiorsicmfeffing theSr King had

luboxs acccpit. Rpmse-i> b^enin anep-of^whlchhewsskd

que legatis gus pdftquan^ into by the wickedniefs of Jugur*

erraffe regem^ l^ Jugur- tba ; anddcfwingthefevoui; jtobe

th^e fcelere lapfum^ de- admittedintotheRomanaUi^uace,

pjecati funt, amicitiam they receivedan anfwer iu tbafel"

&c foedu6 petentibus hoc kwing wardsm
modo reipondetur.

, 5* ^ P, R. ,beneficii^ Tbe S^te.and pec^Ie of Rpme

& ihjurioi memor ejfefo*- areevermindfulofaoykindncfeor
let. Caterm Bocchoy . injury dome them ; hov?evfir, they

^oniam, panitety deli£ii pardoned Boochus's ofieoce^ in

gratiam facit ; faeiius & conilder^titon o£ hii repentance ;

amiciiia^ dabuntury cum and Xho|iW:adinit bim intotiieir

meruerit. .alliauce, >ivhen he defaved ,h.

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

217

CXIIL (^bus rebus
cognids, Bocchus per liu
teras a Ad^o petivit, ut
SuUam ad fe mitteret ;
cujus arbitratu de com-

CXIII. B^ccbus^ upon mhice
cf tbisj requejlid pf MariuSy hy
a letUry tofend Sma to him^ that
he migbt advife with bim about
their common concerns i wbo was
munibus negotiis confule* fent accordingly^ with a guard of
retur. Is mifrus cum horfe andfooty Balearian flingers^

bowmen^ and a battalion of Pi^
iigniansy witharmsufedbytheVe»
Utetyfor the.better- expedition- in.
their m^rchj andbecaufi they would
be as well fecured by that fort of
armsy as any otherj againfl tbe
enemieSy wbo ufid the like them^
atque aliis armis> advor- felves, Vpon ihe fiftb day of their
fuxn tda hoffium» quod marchy Voluxy thefin ofBoccbus^

all on a fudden appeared upon a .
wide plawy with no more than a
thoufand horfi ; but whoy by the
loofi order of tbeir marchy gave
occafion to SuUay dnd aU that were
with hiniy to imagine them to be
more numerousy and enemies' too.
TVhereupony every man 'now
SuIldB, aliifque omnibus Jiands to his armsy ready to receive
Sc numerum ampliorem tbem* Tbeir hopesy hcmever^

were above their fearSy as being
to engage with an enemyy which
tbey bad often conquered. In the
mean ttnuy fome horfi being fent
to reconoitre thenty bring word
agairiy how tbe matter was ; and
that there fjas no danger.
quQs faepe vicerant. Interim equttes,. pcploratum {»«nii&,
rem, utieraU quietam nunciant. »

CXIV. Volux adve* CXIV.; Vohx coming upy ad^
nlens Quaeftorem appel- dreffes himfilf to the ^uaflory and

/^/& i&i;?^ t|iat be had been fent by
his fathertc.meet him, and to vmt
upon him withthat guard to hifi
court. Accordingly they continue
their nufrch togethery for that end.
the nextdayy very fuietly.' But ifi
the eveningy whenthey had now
£c tt

praefidio equitum, at-
que peditum, funditorum
Baleariorum ; praeterea
iere, ikgittarii, & cohors
Feli^a cum velitaribus
armis, itineris properandi
cauila ; neque his fecus,

ea levia funt, muniti.
Sed in itinere, quin£):o
denique die, Volux, fili-
us Bocchi, repente in
campis patentibus cum
mille non amplius equiti-
bus fefe oilendit ; qui te-
mere &; effufe euntes,

vero,& hoftilem metum
eMcidpant. Igitur fe quif-
que expedire ; arma at-
que tela tentare, intende-
re ; timor aliquantus, fed
ipes amplior, quippe vic-
toribus, & advoifumeos.

IsCt i fe a parte Boccho ob»
viam iUis Jimuly isf prae^
Jidio miffiim. Deinde eum,
& proxumum dicm fine
metu cofnjundi eunt.
Poil, ubi cailra locata,
& dici vefper trat \ repen«

%IV

C. CRI&PI SALLITSTII

te Mauru^ incerto vult»
pavons, ad^ SuHam ad^
currit ; dirit^e, Jibi tx
Aeeuktorihus C9gnitum^
jugurthmn^ haud frocul
4h4jffi ; Jimuly uti noBu
ilam fuum fr^ugeret^
itgatj atque hirtatm'.
Bte animo fbFoci, negat
ie teties fufim Numidam
fertimefcere y virtuti fu9'*
rum Jatis credtre i eiiam
Ji certa p^is adeffet^
manfurum potiusy juam
proaitis quos duabat^ tur-
pi fuga incertai ac forfi"
tan paulk po/i morbo inte-'
ritura vita parceret.
Cseterum ab eoaemmo-
nitus, titi no£lu proficifce^
tentur^ coAfilmm adpro*
bat ; ac (latim m^tea
ccfinatos efle in caftris;
i||ciefque crebeirimos; ik-
ri) dein prima yigilia fi-^
kntio egredf jubet. Jam-
4}ue.noSurno itinerefeffis
omnibud, SuHa pariter
cum ortu folid caftra me-
tabatur i cum equkes
Mauri nuncianty Jugur^
ibamy circiter duum mi*
Jium intervalloj ante rft;?*
fidiffe. Qued pofiquiun
auditum eft, tum vero
ingeQS metus noftros in-
vadit ; credeise fe prodifos
A Voluce, Sc infidiis ^r^
cumventos* Ac fuere^i
dicerent, manu vindicqn^
(dumy neque abud iUum
iantum fcilus\ tnukum re-^
Snquendum. ^ .

pifched tbeir can^i aUonaJudden
the Moor comes in a gren^frighi
to iiuBay and tells him^ that he wa^
informed by his fcoiU^ thftt Ju-
gurtba was not far ofF; and a^fhe
Kune time begs and entreats him
to fly away privately with him in
thenight. To whica he vert hoUi''
Ij repiiedy that he feared not ^
Numidian, who had bcen fo oftcn
I beat by him; nor did hc «lifiruft
the courage of his men: but how-
cver^ tho' he was fure to^ periih|
yet would he ftand his giFOvmd^ i^-
ther than favehisMe,which mi^
otherwife^ p^haps in aihorttim^
haveanendputtaitby adiftenH
per, by afcandalous flint, andbe-
traying thbfe he con£i£):ed. Bvt
howeverj being aivifed hy thefame
Folu^ tor continue ^s march m tht
nighfj he approved tffhat advice^
andimmediatefygives ordertfor ihe
foldiers ta go tofupper ht tbt cdmp ;
and tuhen they had donoj ta make
agood manyfires up and dmm ihe
fnrhe^ and marcbfientfy offin the
firft watch. jiU being heerrtify ti^
redwith that nighfs mareh^ Sul-
ki pftched his camp again abont
Jun-rife^ when the Moorijb horje
bring word^ that Jugurtfia had
bx dowh about two nuks on the
road before them. Vpon hearing
ef whichy our then weri in- a
mighty con/lernatiofty as- beliewng
themfelves betrayedy and ted into
afnare hy Volux. Andfome cried
out for vengeance upon him^ and
that fuch a piece ofviUainy migbt
'notgounpunijbedt

- GXV.

BEiUiUM iUGyATHiNUM. ^19

CXV. At SuIIa, qumn^
quatne^dem exifmmabat|
tamen ab injuria Mau.
rum prohibet ; fuos hor-
tztXiXy uti fortem animum
^j^ererent \J^e anUafauT'
/cis flrenui^ advorfus mut"
titluiiHmicne pigmumi
^quanU jibi Anfr^H» mi-
. nus pepe/a£enty tanto
dtutiores fore % nec fuem"
.quamdecercy quam fnanus
armaverit^ ab inermis
pedibus auuilium petere
in maxuma metUy nudum.
& ceecum cirpus ad ho/lis
wrtere. 0ieinde Volu-
cem, quoniam hoftilia
.&ceret» jfovem maxU"
mmn ,obtefl,atuSj utfceleris^
atque perfidia Bocchi.tcffis
Maejffit^ caftris abire jubet.
Jlle lacrumans orare, ne
ea crederet \ . nihil dolo
fa^njj ac . magis caUidi"
iate^ yugurthee ; cui vi*
'delicet fp^culanti iter Qt"
Mm >cognitum rtffk.-^CeB-^
terumy quoniam nequerin»
Sentem multitudinem . ha^
beret i fcf fpes^ ,. opefqne
eius ex \patre (uq pende^
rtnty crtdireitiu^mhil
mfuxum pak^.^um ipfe
filius teftts ad^t;^quare
eptumum fa£tum vtderi^
-permdia e)us ^ca&ra pa^
lam tranfire •^fefe^ vel
pr^endffisy vel tbtdem rer^
liSlis Mmris^ fhlum cum
Sulla iturum* £a res, uti
in tall.i^gotio, probata;
acftatim,profe(^, quiade
improvifaacceilerint, du-

GXV. MiUSuHay4bo'^hew4{s
of ihejame , opinion^ yiCt ivould not
fuffer theMoor to be burt ; but en?^
courages bis men to have a good
heart; that afew bravefellows had
oftentimesprevailedagamft mul-
titudes i tiie lefs they .^vured thiemr
felves in l)attle, the^nore; Ito^
they would be ; nor ought any
one^ that had armedliis hands» tp
feek afliftance fromhis unarme^
feet; or.in themidft dfdanger tum
his. naked back, that bad no eyes m
it, .uponhisenemy* Thenimditi^
ing jupiteras a witnelsoif the viU
lainy and ^reacheiy of .Bocchu%
he orders V^olux, as a(^ing Uke a
bafe eqemy, to be goneoutof the
camp. He^ with tearsin his eyes^
begs.oftbif^ npt toha^bourany
fudi iufpicion of him ; Ab^t tio^
thiqg o^all this was owin^ to ahy
bafeneis oQiis,)>utto thefubtlety<^
Jugyrti^only^^ho hadbyhisf^OK
di&vQredtheir maurch. Howeveij
iince he bad >no great numbeiip
with hiifi, and all his hppes and
ftrengtli^^P^ded upon hisfathei^
he dfd Qot believe, he would dare
to make any open attemgt upoo
them, whilft thefon wasby, to
be a witoefs of his behaviqittr. For
which rjBafon, he thought theirb^
way«w(Hild be4o take %h^x rouC
fiurly throv^ii 4be >middle Qfhis
can>p ; that he would either fend
his Moors before, or leavetl^ein
there, and go iingle along ^th
Sulla. This prppofal was^ as the
cafe Jiood^ approvedof*^ and im*.
medtately they went ; andjugur'^
tha being furprized with tbeir
comi^gy and im^efolved what to
doy theypajfed fafe^ ani arrhedj

£ e 2 bio .

a2t>

C. CRISPI SALLUSXn

bio, atque hefitanteju-
gurtha, incolumes tran-
&unt. Deinde pauci^ die-
bu% quo ire intenderant>
perventumeft.

GXVr. Ibi cumBoc-
cbo Numida.quidam Af-
par nomine, multum ;
ic familiariter agebat,
praemiflus ab JugurtHa,
poftquam SuUam acci-
tum audierat, orator, ic
fubdole fpeculatum Boc-
duconfilia ; praeterea Da-
bar, Mailu|radae filius,
ex gente Mafiniilar, cae-
tcrum matemo genere
impar; nam pater ejus
ex concubina ortus etat;
Mauro ob ingenii multa
bona carus, acceptufque,

3uem Bocchus fidumefie
Lomanis, multis ante
tempeftatibus expertus,
illico ad SuUam nuncia-
tum mittit, paratum fefe
facere^ qua fopulus Rom*
^ellet^ colhquio diem, &-
£umj iempus ipfe delige'
ret; conjulta Jefe omnia
cum illo integra habere\
neu yugurthiff legatum
fertimefceret ; accitum
cfie, quo res communis
licentius gereretur ; nam
ab ingdiis qus aliter cave-
ri hequlvi&. Sed ego
comperior, Bocchum
magis Punicafide, quam
ob ea, qiiae praedicabat,
iiinul Romanos, & Nu-
midamfpe pacis attinuif-
fe ; multumque pum ani-
mo fuo volvere folitum,

inafHo iays^ at the place tbey de-*
Jignedfmr.

CXVL Therewas at that time tn
Boccbu5*s courtj a Numidian named
Jfpary who pretended to great

freedQm and familiaritynvith bim ;
having been dtfpatched thitber ly
yugurtha^ asfoon as he heard that
Sulla had heenfent for^ as bis en-
voyy andflily to Sjcover Boccbus*s
intentions; and befides himy em
Dabary the fon of Maffagrada^
ofthe family of Maffnijfa ; hut of

, mean defcent by ihe mother'^ for ber

father was thefon af a concubine ;
hut in greatfavour with the JHoor

for his excettentpartSy whom Boc-
chus having pundy upon Jeverol
occafions b^orcy td be enttrely in
theRoman interefl^ he immediatc'
fy difpatches him ta SuUa^ to tell
him, that he was ready to com-
ply withthepleafure ofthe Roman
people in every thing ; that hc
mi^t fix time and piace for tfae
interview betwixt them ; Aat hc
was atfull liberty to condude mat-
ters, as they two, upon confidera-
tion, fhould -find reafonable, with-
out being under any obligations to
the contrary from Jugurtha^whofe
agent he need not rear. He had
beenfentfory onfy that their com^
mon affair mght be tranfaRti
with more frefdotn ; for otherwife
it would hdve heen w^offihie to
have guarded effeituaHy ftgaiTtft
theffy arts of ptgurtha. But I

findy ihat Bocchus herein a6fed
doubky rather thdn wtth the defign
he pretendedi in order tokeep hotb

Ju-

BEtLUM JUGURTHmUM. ♦ lii

Jugurtham Romanis, an
illi SuUam traderet ; libi*
dinem advorfum nos,
jmetumpro nobis fiiafiflb.

CXVIL Igitur Sulla
refeondit» pauca fe cornm
Ajpare' lotuturum^ catera
ecculte aut nulbj aut
quam paucijpimis prafen"
tibus ; fimul edocet, quae
refpondcrentur, Poft-
quam, ficuti voluerant,
congreffii dicitj^ mjfum
a confUle vemjfe^ quaji»
tum ab eoy p^cem^ an
Bellum agitaiurus foret.
Tunc rcx, uti praecep-
tum fiierat, poft^ diem
decimum riedlre jubet ;
ac nihil etiamnunc decr^-
vifle, fcd illo die refpm-
furum. Deinde ambo in
fua caftra digreffi. Sed
ubiplenimquenofiis pro-<
eeSaX. \ SuUa a Boccho
occulte accdffit\ir ; ab
utroque^ tantummodo fidi
interpretes adhibentur.
Pratcrca Dabar inter-
imncius, fan£tus vir, ex
&ntentia jurat ambobus ;
ac ftatim fic rex incipit.
' CXVIIL Numquam
ego ratus fum forej uti
rex maxumus in hac ter^
ra^M bmniumy quos ;f«-
viy opukntijpimusy priva^
to oomini grqtiam debe^
rem. * Et hercuk Suilay
ante te cognitum^ mubis
nrantihus aliis ultta ggQ*

the Romans atni yugurtha atahay
with the hopes^ peace ; and thdt
he was a long time in debate with
him^lfi whether he Jhould deliver
vp jugurtha to the Romans^ or SuU
la to him ; his inclination pkading
againfiy and hisfearfor^ us.

CXVII. SuUa therefore repU^.
edy that he fhould fay but little in
thc prefence of A^ar ; thereftin
iprivatc, with no one, or but vcry
lew by. Atthejam time^ he in-»
JlruSfs him^ wvat anfiver hefhouU
return him,- J^er thej met accprd*
ing to appointmenty Sulla tells him^
that he had been fent by the Con-^
ful to know of him, whethcr he
was fbr peace or war. Then the
Kingy according to his infiruBtions^
bids him to come tohim againy after
ten days time ifeeing he wasas yet
undetermnei in that matter ; bttt
would then give him an anjwer^
Whereupoh they both departedinto
their feveral camps* But when tht
night was now farfpent^ Sulla is
privately fent for hy BocchuSy and
trujly interpreters alone alhwedto
be prefent^ except the mejffenger
Dabar^ a man ofhmour^ who was
fwom to fecrecy. IVhereupon the ^
King opened the conference asfoU
Itfivs.

CXVIII. I nevcr ima^ned,
thatl, the greateft Prince in this
part of the world, Mid tbe m.oft
optilent that I know, ftiouldever
be indebted for a favour to a pri-
vateperfon, or any one under die
rankof a King. And indeed, Sul«
la, before I was acquainted with
yott, I haye granted fiivours ti>

met

43« '■:■ ^.'eMSfhSALLU^Tn -

met pj^m tuJiy ^yiullUis in" ^vsffj 4)pon th^< api^cadbci ibr
iiigm. Id ithminutumi tliein) and toat^^s witbout ; but
^uod rateri doUre filenty never ftood in^ng^ ofany myfelf.
ego litior. Fuerit ndhi I ain glad^theca&isaltere^ witb
^retiuntj jgutffi aUqaan^ meJn that relpe^; a tlhihgwhich
do tua . amicitiai qua a* Others are apt to be forry ror. It
fud aj$imum mum nihil was worth my while to ftand in
eariifs habeo. Id adeo ndedofyourf^fieadfliip, towtech
,4x^riri £cei:r, >^rma^ W- l prefer nothing ; in tbs vtiodd hi-
rosy feeuatantf f^/ireipto fiocf ; which you.may l3ty • Takci
.guidqutd ,anim lilfety Jfi^^ ^xkjtny ^rn>$) ..xnen^ money, ih
mey.^^tere y 6f quoad ^/- . rOioit whatfoever you^^ea.mind
^ijeiy numqmm tibi reddi^ , -toj^and after.a^, whilftyou live,
tam ^^ratiam putayeris ; nevet* thtnkl haveinsule.you afiif-
femper ,apud me integra ikknt rjequitalfor yoiir favours.
erit^, idemque . «fibV W fMy^ohligation^to^you will everbe
f^^^te f frufiru voles. ^,ibe jfame. Finally, you ihall never
^Haniy ^ti ^go exifiumo^^^^d^ve any thiiig >in niy power to
regem armisy quam- muni;^ do for you, if I zta but fenfible of
^ceniiay tiincij fiagitipjMm 'itf^ but you Ihall • haveit. For I
jmnus* .{iaterum de ^Re-^^ thlnk it le& diihonourable fora
^fAbL . vejlray c^jus ct^ra» " Prii^ce tobe outdonein arms, than
tor huc miffus eSy ,paueis jgenerofity. ^utas-to yourr^pub-
Mccipe^ BeHum ego .po~ \ U^, whofe aftairs you bave been
fuU Rom. neque feciy ne-^ fent thith^r to tsyke-xare of, I fhali
Mue fitSium umqnam vo- *lct- you kwow pay x^ir^ in^ few
^lui 'y fnis mtoi advorfum .yiQ^6s, Irncverx^fle.war upon
jormatos armis tutus jum. tbe Rpnian pegplc, cm: evar ib
Jd omitto,; '^quando vdis /inUcii as.defired-st. J OQly.de^
^ita, placet; ^geritej 2//r fendedmy .don^nions .vritharms
\yultisy cum yugurtha ^ogainft anarmed.force^ ^Butl iay
hellum. Ego fiumen Mu-^ w iTtore of that. Since youareio
biehamy quod inter me SsT minded, ^carry pn a w^r with Ju-
Micipfam fuity mn egre^ gurtha, asyoupleafe. I ifhalline-
diary neque yugurtham ver ftir Deyond the.nveriviulucha,
id. intr4frefi»am7 Prai ' <vf hich was thevboundinjy^bctwixt
ierea^ifi quid yneque vo-- fnfie '^nd Micip&^ ; ,.nor wiUI ever
^hifque digrutm .^^^mriVj .. fi^er Jugurtha to^cqme wjthin i
iaud. r^pulfus abibis. . ^.j^n^ u.youhave anytiui^fiLirther

; '.tptd^mand, wortty of me and

^ Ym|rfelYes,yoM>^allnOtbedenied»

CXIX, : rAd id .Sulla ; rfiXIX. To this^uila repUed

vpro fe brcvk^,. & fao^i^.-jhxiffiy -and modeflfyyfijar as jt

,ce j de paccji &,decGi»-- rfhtedjto himfe.^i hjtttJ^rMrge"

" muni*

BELLIXM JuaURTOTNUM. %%$

iMiifaiasrebus mukis dif-
fcruit. Denique rep pa-
tefecit ; qu$d poUiceatury
Senatum ^ populum Ro^
manwn^ quoniam on^lius
armk valuijfent^ mn in
gratia habiturof ; faci^
nndum aliquidj quod iUo^
rum^ magis^ quamfua^ re^
tuUJfe videretur-, id adeo
in prm^tu ejfe ; qtmniam
yug^rtba copiam baie''
reff qj0m ft Rmanu
tradi^Jet^ fore^ ijf/ iUi
plurimum deberetur ; e^
ndcitiar^ fosdus* Mani*^
eUa partem^ quam nunc
peterety tunc ubroadven^
turanu Rex pnxna negi^-
tare; affinitatem^ eogna-^
tionem^ praterea faedus
interveniffii ad koc m£*
tuere^ . ne fiuxa fide ufut
fopulnrum amnm awr-
ieret ; queis dt Jugtmba
carus^ bf Romani invifi
epnt. Dentque &pius
&igatus, fenttur ; ex
ffciuntate SuUa omnia fe
f iUiurum promiitit. Cae^
terom ad fimuiandum
pacem, ci^as Numida,
defeiTus jpi^o, andlfib-
mus, quae utilia vi£iy,
conftituuiit. |ta, coni«
pc^to dolo^ digrediuntttr*

CXX* Al lex^ poiftara
die Afparem, Jugurthse
Icgatum, appelht ; (ticit-
que fibi per Dabaremex
SuUa cognitumi pqffi eonf

ly astodjepubUci concePns* FinaU
fyy he gave tbe King t0 under^
fiand^ThsLt as the Senate and peo--
ple of Romehad been fuccefsful in
the war, they >vould never thank
him for what he promifed^ Hi^
mi^ dafemething,^that might ap«
pear to bt m(H:e for tteir interefly
than hisr^wn: whkh was an eriy
. matterfixf him to (to^fincehe hao
Ju^rtba in his power, whom, if
he woukt ddiver up to the Ro^
mans, they would Aen be imdier a.
vei^ greatobligation to him; that
then thdRomanfri^dfliipandal*
liance, with the thkd part of Nu^
midia, which he demanded, would
ccnne into him, without more z^
dow The King^ at firfty rrfufed
ever and over to compiywitb this
p^^ifpefahy alledging their rdattoti
be^by blood andmmiage^ with
the treaty oCalliance that had-been
beewixt them» Hewas moreover.
afr^ hi fdidy left by^ a^tmg fo
treacherous a pact) he fiiould fofe
theafFe£)ions^hisftibje£l!9', who
aU loved Juguftha, and bated the
Romans. out repeated inftancei
to thefame purpofi foftened him at
Idfi ; . and b.e aecordinglf promifei
to do aN that Sulla defired of hmi;
Rut to carry on the pretences ofeon^
cluding a peace that Jhould inchde
yugurthof which he^ being weary
ofthe war^ was very defirous ofi
theyfettte matters^ as they judged
properfor that purpojcn Jmd ha*
ving thus laid thiirpioty fheypart^
CXX. Thefeibwing day^ thk
King fpeaks tc ^^par^ and- teUi
him^ that he was informedfrom
SuUa by DAbar^ that the war
might be mded upoo lerms ;- ke

ditionibut

a24

C. CRISPI SALLtlSTII

ditiinitus ielbm compmi ; mght learn his majier^sfentimenis
quamolmm n^ fui (en- about it. He went^ fuU of jofj to
tentiam exquireret. lUe yugurthaascampyandtakinghisin'
laetus in caftra Jugurthae JiruSiionSj returns with allexpgdi'-
venit» Deinde ab illo tioneightdaysafterto Bocchus^-and

tells hinty that Jugurtha was ready
to comply with any thing; but
durft not truft Marius ; that the
peacehehadcohcluded with reveral
Roman commanders before hini)
theyhadneverftood to. Bocchus,
if he would provid&effeSually for
them both, and make a peace to
laft, ftiould procure a joint oon-
ference imder that pretence, and
deliver up Sulla to him. Ifhehad
but fuchaman ashimin his handsy
a treaty of peace would then be
concluded by order of the Senate
and people of Rome. For a man
of his quality would never be^ left
in the enemy'$ hands^ into which
he came, not by his own wantof
, courage^butintervinghiscouutry.
uti juJ/iiS. P. Q. K. fadus fieret\ neque hominem nahilem
nonjua ignavia^fed ob rempubl. inhojiium potejiate reliSlum irim
CXXL HascMaurus CXXl. The Moor mufmg up^
fecum ipfe diu volvens, on this propofal a good whSe^ at

la/l promifed he wouJd i butwie^

ther with a Jraudulent defign^ or

Jincerely^ I do not find* . Bui

mus. Sed plerumque princes humoursy as they^are mofify

regiae voluntates, ut ve* very violentjfiare theyficiley and

often inconfytent. j^er thisy time
and place ieing appointed Jhr the
conferencey Bocchus pne wbife talked
wtth Sulky another tt/hile witb
JugurthaU agent ; treated them
iindfyy and promifed boih the fame
thing. They were both aUiewell'
appellare ; benigneliabe- pleafedj and fuli of hopei. But
fe;idem ambobus poUi- inthenightbrforethe dayappiinted
ccri. IUe pariter laeti^ ac for the conferenccy the Moor
fpei bon» ptenieSet Sc4 gath^ring his friends about bimj

no^e

cunSa edoflus, propera-

to itinere, poft diem

o^avum redit ad Boc-

chum ; & ei nunciat,

yugurtbam cupere ^om"

niay qua imperarentUry

facere ; fed Mario parum

fidere ; fape antea cum

imperatoribus Romanis

pacem conventanty fru^ra

fuiffe. Caterum JBocchusy

Ji ambobus confultamy &

ratam pacem vellety daret

aperaniy ut una ab omni^

buSy quaji de paccy in

tottoquium veniretur ; ibi"

quifibi SuUam traderet\

ium talem virum in pote^

fiate haberety tumforey

tandem promifit. Cae-
tenmi dolo, an vere cunc-
tatus, parum comperi-

hementes, fic mobiles,
£epe ipfae fibi advor&e.
Poftea tempore & loco
conftituto, in coUoquium
uti de pace venireturv
Bocdius SuIIam modo,
tnodo Jugurthae li^tUQi

BELLUM JUGURTHINUM.

225

hocle eaj quae proxuma
fuit ante diem colloquio
decretum, Maurus adhi-
bitis amicis, ac ftatim im-
mutata voluntate, remo-
tis cflBteris dicitur fecum
ipfe muit^ agitavifle, vu J -
tu corporis pariter atque
aniQia varius 5 quae fcift-
cet, tacente ipfo, occulta
oris patefeciiTe. Tamen
poftremo SuUam arcefli
jubet ; & ex ejus fen^teHtia
Numidae infidias tendit.
Deinde, ubi dies advenit j
& ei nunciatum eft, Ju-
gurtham haud procul ab-
efl[e 'y cum paucis amicis,
& Quaeftore noftro, quafi
obvius honoris caufla,
procedit in tumulum fa»
ciilumum vifu infidianti-
bus. Eodem Numida cum
plerifque neceflariis fuis
inermis, ut didium erat,
accedit; ac ftatim figno
dato, unAque fimul ex
infidiis invaditur. Caeteri
obtruncati ; Jugurtha
SuUae vindhis traditur, &
ab eo ad Marium deduc-*
tus eft.

CXXIL Per ident
tempus advorfum Gallos
ab ducibus noftris Q. Cae-
pione, & M. Manlio
male pugnatiim» Quo
metu Italia omnis contre-
xnuerat. Illique, & inde
ufque ad noftram memo-
riam Romani fic habuere ;
alia omnia virtuti fuae
prona efle ; cum Gallis
pro falute, non pro glo-

. andimmediately changing his mind^
after he had ordered all but his
frJends to withdraw^ he didy they
tell yoUy ruminate upon the matter
a long time^ with Jirange alteTa"
tiotts in his countenance^ and a
*aariety of fentiments ; which^ tho^
he was filent^ was difcoverahle in
.his loois* However-i at lajl he
orders Sulla to he fentfor^ and^ hy
his advice^ lays a plot fortheNu*-
midian, Theny as fook as it was
day^ and he was informed thflt
Jugurtha %uas not ffir ojf^ he^
ivith a few friends^ andour ^a^
Jior^ goes^ under pretence of doing
him honour^ to meet him^ as far
as a hill that was in view ofthofe
who were ordered to trepan him*
Thither^i as had heen appointed^
the Numidian came unarmed
with many friends, And imme-^
diately upon a fignal given^ he
was furrounded on all hands^ and
feized. The reji w&re killed ^
but Jugurtha was* delivered in
chainsto Sulla^ and by him con*
dui^ed to Marius»

CXXII. jibout the fame timt^
our generals^ ^. Capio and M^
Manlius^ were very unfdrtunate
againft the Gauls ; which occafion^
ed a general conflernation through^
out Italy. And the Romans then
werej and from that time to this
have been alwaySy of opinion^
thaP other wars had no difficuhy
in them ; but that they fought
with the Gauls for tbeir nkry be^
ingy not glory, But , cfter the

Ff ria

N

2a6 C. CRISPI SALLUSTU

ria certari. Sed poft- •war in Numidta wat at am tni,

quam bellum in Numidia and newi wai cerritd t« Romi,

amfeStum ; & Jugur- tiiat Jugurtba wai etming in

tham vin£lum adducj chaim, Mariui^ tht' aifiiKt, luas

Romam nimciamm ell ; madt Gaiful ag«in ; and the prt-.

Marius Conful abfeng vi«ce if Gaul affigmed him ; and

i^&a^ eft ; & ei decreta ht triumphed^ wktn Gattful, ttptn

provincia Gallia ; ifque tbe firfi ef January^ with great

KalendiB Januarii magna ihry. frem that timi forward

gloria Conful triumpha- thi. hspn and fecuriiy ^ ihe Ro-

vit. Ex ea tempriiate man Jldlt rijled upwt httK^
fpes atque opeg civitatis

in iilo 0t«e. ,

^ taken from Ifae Buildiag

IP. I 1»"

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