■
PI
Pi
I
Itiiui^
hi
H
r~-..
Or
1
A CENTURY OF
POPULATIOiN GROWTH
1790-1900
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
S. N. D. NORTH, DIRECTOR
A CENTURY OF
POPULATION GROWTH
FROM THE FIRST CENSUS OF
THE UNITED STATES TO
THE TWELFTH
1790-1900
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1909
^e"f LIBRARY
n . UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
n^ SANTA BARBAIiA
A5-
CONTENTS.
Page.
Introduction 1
1. POPULATION IN THE COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS 3
Cen-sus procedure in colonial and continental periodH — Population
prior to 1790 — Recent estimatee of early population — Population
of cities — Changes in urban population, 1710-1900.
II. THE UNITED STATES IN 1790 16
Boundaries and area^Currency — Transportation — The postal serv-
ice— Industries — Education — Newspapers and periodicals — Slav-
ery— Indians.
III. THE FIRST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES 42
The First Census act — Debates in the Congress — Provisions of the act —
Execution of the law — The enumeration — The returns — The enu-
merators' schedules.
IV. AREA AND TOTAL POPULATION 51
Area — Population — Population by areas of enumeration — By states
and territories — Density of population.
V. POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS 60
County areas made comparable — Population of minor civil divisions —
Names of towns not returned separately at the First Census — Popu-
lation of cities.
VI. WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION 80
Sur\'ivors of 1790 — Whites and negroes in total population — In four
principal cities — Comparison of increase in the United States and
Europe — Increase by immigration — Natural increase — Of whites —
Of negroes — Summary.
VII. SEX AND AGE OF THE WHITE POPULATION 93
Decrease in proportion of males — In proportion of each sex under 16
years — Influence of immigration — Of modern sanitary science.
VII 1 ANALYSIS OP THE FAMILY 96
Average size of private famiUes — Slaveholding and nouslaveholding
families — Proportion of children — Dwellings.
IX. PROPORTION OF CHILDREN IN WHITE POPUL.\TION 103
Ratio of white adults of self-supporting age to white children — Of
while children to adult white females — Effect of changes in the
proportion of children.
X. SURNAMES OF THE WHITE POPULATION IN 1790 Ill
Approximate number — Nomenclature — Preponderance of English
and Scotch names — Unusual i'.n<l striking surnames — Distribution
of surnames — (concentration of population under certain names —
Absence of middle names.
XI. NATIONALITY AS INDICATED BY NAMES OF HEADS OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS. ... 116
Nationality in states for which schedules exist — In those for which
schedules are mi.ssing — Composition of population of typical
counties in 1900— Slaveholding by nationality.
XTI . INTERSTATE MIGRATION 125
Analysis of population according to geographic division of residence
and of birth — Decrease in contribution of original area to popula-
tion of added area.
(V)
vi CONTENTS.
Page.
XIII. FOREIGN BORN POPULATION ■ ^^^
Proportiona contributed by original and added areas — Change in
character of population — Small proportion of foreign born in South-
ern states — Country of birth.
XIV. STATISTICS OF SLAVES 1^2
Number of slaves in United States — In original and added areas —
Slaveholding families — Number of white persons directly or in-
directly connected with slaveholding — Ratio of slaves to whites —
Value of slaves.
XV. OCCUPATIONS AND WEALTH 142
Occupations — Of heads of families in Philadelphia and Southwark
in 1790— In United States in 1850 and 1900— Approximate wealth
in 1790— Industry and wealth, 1S50 and 1900.
GENERAL TABLES.
ENUMERATIONS OF POPULATION IN NORTH AMERICA PRIOR TO 1790.
Page.
Table 76. — A general account of the number of inhabitants of the several towns in the province of New Hampshire, as appears by
the returns of the selectmen from each place in the year 1767 149
Table 77. — Free and slave population of New Hampshire, by counties and towns: Census of 1773 150
Table 78. — Return of the number of inhabitants in the several towns and places in New Hampshire, taken by order of the conven-
tion, with the number of firearms, the powder, &c. : 1775 152
Table 79. — Free and slave population of New Hampshire, by counties and towns: Census of 1786 154
Table 80. — Male and female negro slave population of Massachusetts, by counties and towns: Census of 1754 156
Table 81. — White, negro, Indian, and French neutral population of Massachusetts, by counties and towns: Census of 1764 158
Table 82. — A list of the number of freemen and militia, with the servants, white and black, in the respective towns; as also the
number of inhabitants in Her Majesty's colony of Rhode Island, <S;c., December the 5th, 1708 162
Table 83. — White, negro, and Indian population of Rhode Island: 1748 162
Table 84. — White, negro, and Indian population of the colony of Rhode Island, according to the official census of 1774 162
Table 85. — Population of Rhode Island at different dates, from 1708 to 1860, inclusive, by counties and towTis 163
Table 86. — 'U'hitc, negro, and Indian population of the colony of Connecticut, by counties and towns: Census of 1756 164
Table 87. — "WTiite, negro, and Indian population of the colony of Connecticut, by counties and towns: Census of 1774 166
Table 88.— Population of the colony of New York, by counties: 1G98 170
Table 89. — Male and female population of the colony of New York, in certain age groups, by counties: 1703 170
Table 90. — Names of masters of families in the city of New York, by wards, according to the enumeration made about the year 1703. 170
Table 91. — White and slave population of New York, in certain age groups, by sex, according to the partial census of 1712 181
Table 92. — 'White and negro population of the province of New York, distinguished as children and adults, by sex: 1723 181
Table 93. — Male and female population of the province of New York, above and under 10 years of age, by color, for cities and coun-
ties, November 2, 1731 181
Table 94. — A list of the number of inhabitants, both whites and blacks of each species, within the province of New York, above
and under the age of ten years, taken in the year 1737 182
Table 95. — An account of the number of inhabitants of the province of New York, taken 4 June, 1746, by order of His Excellency
Govemour Clinton 182
Table 96. — An account of the number of inhabitants in the province of New York, taken 10th May, 1749, by order of His Excellency
the Honourable Govemour Clinton 182
Table 97. — General list of inhabitants in the province of New York, extracted from the returns of the sheriffs of the several counties,
in pursuance of warrants to them, dated ICth Februarj-, 1756 183
Table 98. — List of inhabitants in the several counties in the province of New York, taken in the year 1771 183
Table 99. — White and slave population, and Indians taxed, in New York, in certain age groups, by sex: 1786 183
Table 100. — An account of the inhabitants of the province of New Jersey, distinguishing their age, sex, and colour, taken in the
year 1726 184
Table 101. — White and slave population of New Jersey, above and under 16 years of age, by sex: 1737-38 184
Table 102.— Population of New Jersey in 1737-38 and in 1745 , 184
Table 103. — An account of the number of souls in the province of Maryland, in the year 1755 185
CONTENTS. vii
GENERAL TABLES DERIVED FROM THE FIRST AND SUBSEQUENT CENSUSES: 1790-1900.
I "age.
Table 101. — Population as reported at the First Census, by counties and minor civil divisions: 1790 188
Table 105. — White and colored population of each county reported in 1790, compared with that of the same area in 1900, together
with the number of colored per 1,000 whites 201
Table 106.— \\'hite population, classified by sex and age, of each state and territory reported in 1790, compared with that of the same
area in 1900, with per cent of increase 208
Table 107. — White population, clas,sified by spx and age, of each of the counties reported in 1790, compared with that of the same
area in 1900, with per cent of increase 210
Table 108. — White and colored poi)u!ation of the area covered by the enumeration of 1790, and of the added area in 1820, 1850, 1880,
and 1900, by etatc-^ and torritorios 222
Table 109. — Families, rlassifiod by number of members, by counties: 1790 224
Table 110. — Foreign bom population of continental United States, and of the area covered by the enumeration of 1790, by countr>'
of birth: 1850 to 1900 226
Table 111. — Nomenclature, dealing with names represented by at least 100 white persons, by states and territories, at the First
Census: 1790 227
'Rtble 112. — White population, classified according to nationality as indicated by names of heads of families, by counties: 1790. . 271
Table 113. — Number of white families, slaveholding and nonslaveholding, classified according to nationality as indicated by name
of head, together with the number of white persons and of xlavcs reported for such families, by states and territories:
1790 274
Table 114. — Number of families reported at the First Census, classified as slaveholding and nonslaveholding, white, and free colored,
together with the total and average number of slaves, by counties and minor ci\nl divisions: 1790 276
Tstble 115. — Slaveholding families, classified according to number of slaves held, by counties and minor civil divisions: 1790 292
MAPS, DIAGRAMS, AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page.
A new map of North America Bhowing all the new discoveries: 1797 Frontispiece.
Map of Boston, with its environs facing. . 8
Map of New Yurk I , with the adjacent rock and other remarkable parts of Hell-Gate facing. . 10
Map showing plan of the city of New York facing. . 12
Map showing jilan of the city and suburbs of Philadelphia facing. . 14
Map of the northern part of the United States of America facing. . 16
Maj) showing inhabited area in United States in 1790 18
Map of the southern parts of the United States facing. . 20
Map showing post offices in the United States: 1790 '■ 24
Map showing location of Indian tribes: 1790 38
Map showing changes in area for one hundred and ten years 52, 53
Map of states showing density, in 1900, less than average for United States in 1790 58
Map showing changes in county lines: 1790 and 1900 61-70
Map of counties of unchanged area, in area enumerated in 1790, which had less population in 1900 than at some previous census
since 1850 72
Majis showing distribution of different nationalities in 1790, bj^ states 122
Map showing states holding slaves: 1790 132
Diagram 1 . — Population of the principal cities of the United States before 1790 12
Diagram 2. — Per cent of total population of United States in cities of 8,000 population and over 14
Diagram 3. — Per cent of increase in population by decades from 1650 to 1900 57
Diagram 4. — Increase in density in original and added area: 1790 to 1900 59
Diagram 5. — Increase of total population and of white and negro population: 1790 to 1900 81
Diagram 6. — White and colored in the total population of the original and added area 83
Diagram 7. — Comparison in area of cities 84
Diagram 8, — Change in average size of families: 1790 to 1900 97
Diagram 9. — Ratio of white adults of self-supporting age to white children under 16 years 104
Diagram 10. — Proportion of total population formed by nationalities: 1790 117
Diagram 11. — Distribution of population of states according to nationality: 1790 118
Diagram 12. — Foreign bom population of area enumerated in 1790 and of added area: 1850 to 1900 129
Schedules of the First and Second censuses facing. . 46
(viii)
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR,
Bureau of tue Census,
Washington, D. C, April 15, 1909.
Sir:
In accordance with an act of Congress passed in 1903, the Department of the Interior transferred
to the custody of the Director of the Census the records relating to the successive censuses of the United
States. Among these records were the original schedules of the First Census for 11 of the 17 states and
territories comprised in the United Stiitcs in 1790.
The schedules of the First Census were prepared by underpaid assistant marshals, who furnished their
own stationery, and naturally gave no thought to the permanent jjreservation of tlie inanuscript, which to
them merely represented the fulfilling of their task. In consequence, after the lapse of more than a century,
the remaining schedules of the First Census show evidences of serious deterioration. This has been increased
by the wear and tear resulting from frequent use for reference.
The states for which the schedules still exist are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Coimecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Jlaryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The states
and territories for which the schedules are lacking are New Jersey, Dcliiwaro, A'irginia, Georgia, Kentucky,
and the Southwest Territory (Tennessee). It is possible that some of the missing schedules were never in the
custody of the Federal Government ; others doubtless were obtained during the fii-st half of the nineteenth century,
and were either destroyed during the invasion of Washington by the British or in the Patent Office fire, which
subsequcnth' occurred, or were lost or mislaid during a period when the Fetlcral records did not receive the
intelligent care now accorded them.
In order permanently to preserve the valuable but vanishing census records which still remain, relating to
the fii-st year of constitutional government, and in resjjonse to urgent requests from many patriotic societies and
public-spirited individuals. Congress authorized, in the sundry civil appropriation bill for the fiscal year 1907,
the publication, by the Director of the Census, of the names of heads of families returned at the First Census.
The Director was instructed to sell these publications at such price as in his opinion was just, and to report
to Congress the proceeds. In accordance with the authority thus granted (and subsequently renewed), as the
resources available for the printing requirements of the Bureau of the Census permitted, the Director of (he
Census published, from time to time during the succeeding year and a half, a part, or volume, for each of
the states for which the schedules are in existence. For Virginia it was found that partial returns were
available from the state emmierations of 1782, 1783, 1784, and 178.5. These lists, which comprise most
of the names of heads of families for nearly half of the state, were therefore included as a part, or volume,
uniform with the returns of the Federal census for the other states.
After the publication of these volumes, the sale of which had been considerable, it became evident that
this unique series (which is not included among tiie regular publications of the Cerusus) would not be
complete without a final section, or volume, discussing the historical aspects of the First Census and presenting
such statistics as could be compiled from the lunitcd returns of the first enumeration of the population.
The results of the First Census were originally published in sununarized form in a small volume, and it was
recalled that no attempt had ever been made to present returns of that census in full detail, nor had the Federal
Census Office ever attempted to analyze the returns, or to compare theni with the corresponding figures at
later censuses. The Director accordingly assigned to Mr. W. S. Rossiter, chief clerk of the Census, the task
of compiling a report which should meet the requirements above noted. The results are embodied in the
following pages.
Systematic inspection and analysis of the returns of the First Census revealed the fact that some of
the tabulations would result in the presentation of figures basic in their relation to statistical science. Other
statistical information proved to bo available — in some instances easily deducible from the returns of the
First Census, and in others resulting from assumptions believed to be justifiable, and for which the reasons
(ix)
X LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
are fully stated. A second and perhaps more important series of tables resulted from an inspection of the
names of the heads of families at the First Census. The tables thus secured present many facts — with
respect to both nomenclature and nationality — that are of great interest to persons descended from the
population enumerated in 1790. It is also hoped that this publication will prove of equal interest to those
who have not the personal interest resulting from the enumeration of their ancestors at the First Census.
In these pages will be found tabular anal3'sis and discussion indicating the two great streams of population
which have united to form the population of the Republic at the beginning of the twentieth century.
As work on tliis pubUcation progressed it became evident that the scope had broadened and that it should
constitute a review of the growtii of the j^opuhition during the century of census taking. Some changes were
made, therefore, in the form of presentation and the volume thus became more general in character than was
first intended.
Acknowledgment is made of the faithful and efficient work of Miss Martha W. Williams in the construction
of tables, of I\Iiss Joyce Lee in the formation of tables and in criticism, and of Mr. Charles P. Smith in extended
historical research and criticism. I desire also to make gratefiil acknowledgment of the valuable assistance
rendered this Office by Mr. William Nelson, secretary of the Historical Society of New Jersey, in clearing up
many doubtful points in connection with a state for which no census returns exist; by Mr. Joseph Fornance,
president, Historical Society of Montgomery county. Pa. ; by Judge Harman Ycrkes, Doylestown, Bucks
county. Pa.; by Thomas L. Montgomery, state Hbrarian, Harrisburg, Pa. ; by Mr. Boyd Crumrinc, Washington
county, Pa.; by Rev. Horace Edw. Haj^den, corresponding secretary and librarian, Wyoming Historical and
Geological Society, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ; and of assistance in the preparation of the lists of minor civil divisions
at the date of the First Census, rendered by Mr. William G. Stanard, corresponding secretary and librarian
of the Virginia Historical Society; by Prof. Charles Lee Raper, president of the Historical Society of North
Carolina; by Mr. Robert T. Quarles, state archivist of Tennessee; by Mrs. Jennie C. Morton, secretary of the
Kentucky State Historical Society; by ^Ir. Henry C. Conrad, president of the Historical Society of Delaware;,
and by ilr. Richard H. Spencer, corresponding secretary of the Maryland Historical Society.
Very respectfully.
Hon. Charles Nagel,
Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH=
FROM THE FIRST TO THE TWELFTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED
STATES: 1790-1900.
By W. S. RossiTER, Chief Clerk of the Bureau of the Census.
INTRODUCTION.
The results of a modern census have been accu-
rately defined as a national account of stock. Early
censuses were merely counts of inhabitants; addi-
tional facts relating to population were next secured;
and the most recent step in census taking, especially
in the United States, has been to include practical^
all hues of human acti\'ity. The modern census is thus
the result of evolution.
In tliis evolution, however, civihzed nations have not
advanced equally. A decided and rather significant
difference of opinion exists as to the practical value of
census taking. Some nations attach great importance
to statistics, and take accurate and detailed censuses
at frequent and regular intervals ; others manifest httlo
interest, and make their enumerations at irregular in-
tervals, with the result that such statistics as are ob-
tained are neither comparable nor satisfactory'.
The attitude of a nation toward a census is largely
the result of education. A considerable element in
every community fails to perceive the influence ex-
erted by statistics upon legislation, and even morals;
and it is only when a sufficient number of the citizens
of a country have become educated to the value of
accurate statistical information, either by their own
national recfuirements or by observation of valuable
results wliich have followed census talcing in other
countries, that periodic enumerations of population
are instituted. It does not always happen, however,
that nations composed of highly educated, methodical,
ami busincsshke communities reach the greatest perfec-
tion in census taking, and obtain the most accurate
and illuminating statistics.
The marked differences in the attitude of commu-
nities toward the systematic collection of statistics are
well illustrated by the various states of the United
States. Some maintain statistical bureaus and take
a state census for the quin([uennial year in each dec-
ade, while others depend entirely upon the Federal
census for such statistical information as they require.
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York have
taken state censuses for many years ; certain neighbor-
ing states, as Connecticut and . Pennsylvania, have
never done so. At the present time the state censuses
of Massachusetts and Rhode Island are elaborate,
scientific, and accurate, and in some of their details
surpass the Federal census. Although eleven other
states ' make an interccnsal enumeration, with vary-
ing degrees of accuracy and detail, no other state ap-
proaches these two in the amount and variety of in-
formation secured.
In view of the great importance to wliich statistical
science has attained in nearly all civihzed nations at
the present time, it is interesting to note that the prac-
tice of making periodic censuses, or enumerations, of
population is of comparatively recent origin. Except
in Sweden (where a count of inhabitants has been made
at stated inter^^als since the middle of the eighteenth
century), accm-ate and periodic enumerations of popu-
lation were practically unknown, ahke upon the conti-
nent of Europe and in the British Isles, until the nine-
teenth century.^
In both France and Great Britain, the fii-st census
was taken in 1801. It is probable, in view of the su-
premacy of Napoleon at that time, that in France the
motive for making an enimaeration was principally to
determine the military resources of the French nation.
In Great Britain, however, while the census was in
some degree the result of a demand for definite infor-
mation of value to the military authorities, it was also
the result of the great interest in the study of statistics
aroused by the results of important economic researches
described in publications that had appeared toward the
' Florida, Iowa, Kansaii, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York,
North Itakota, Oregon, South I'akota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
- " We know also that the three Scandinavian lountrie.-f ha\ e been
makins; enumerations e\er since those of 1750 and I7G9; that the
United States of America, which begsin the series of their decennial
enumerations in 1790, also preceded France in this respect; and
that England commenced these enumerations the same year as
France. Other nations have followed the example little by little,
and the subject-matter has increased. There are only a very small
number of civilized countries which do not undertake at a fixed
time, or which have not undertaken at least once, the enumeration
of their population; and almost all, in Europe at least, publish the
statements of the movement of their population. We recall that
the first census having a really scientific characler is that of Belgium
in 1846, and that it is due in large measure to Quetclet and Ueusch-
ling. The first census of the same kind taken in Germany is that of
1871." Levasseur, La Population Franfaise, to/. J, page i'9-'.
(1)
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
close of the eighteenth century. The most important
of these were Adam Smith's Inquiry into the Nature
and Sources of the Wealth of Nations, which appeared
in 1776, and Malthus's Essay on the Principle of Pop-
ulation, wliich appeared in 1798. These two books
raised new problems as to the increase or decrease in
wealth and in population, which could not be intelU-
gently discussed without the aid of accurate statistics.
The enumerations of 1801 in France and Great Brit-
ain imdoubtcdly formed an object lesson to the other
nations of Europe and served to turn their attention
to the importance of obtaining precise statistical in-
formation. There were also other factors at work.
The beginning of the nineteenth centmy was marked
by extraordinary military activity; changes in the
boimdaries of countries resulted, and consequently
great changes in national population — on the one
hand by loss through war, and on the other by
gain through the acquisition of new territory. States-
men began to appreciate the value of having defi-
nite information concerning mihtary strength and
national resources. Moreover, the marked increase
in population and the industrial awakening which were
concurrent early in the century made the estimates
with wliich previous generations had been content in-
creasingly unreliable. As all these factors operated
over a large area, it is not surprising that several coun-
tries entered upon an era of census taking at nearly the
Bame period.
The dates at which various European countries
made the first complete enumeration of their in-
habitants were as follows:
Sweden 1749
Spain 1798
France 1801
Great Britain 1801
Prussia 1810
Norway 1815
Saxony 1815
Baden 1816
Austria 1818
Bavaria 1818
Greece 1836
Switzerland 1860
Italy 1861
Russia 1897
The first census of the entire United States was
taken in 1790, or nearly ten years before the first
census in any European country, except Sweden.
Because of this fact the United States has received
much credit. The French statistician, Moreau de
Jonnes, declared that the United States presents a
phenomenon without a parallel in history — " that of a
people who instituted the statistics of their country on
the very day when they founded their government,
and who regulated by the same instrument the census
of inhabitants, their civil and political rights, and the
destinies of the nation."
Against such a position, it has frequently been
claimed that the United States did not undertake a
systematic periodic enumeration with a deliberate
statistical purpose; that, on the contrary, the statis-
tical results of Federal census taking were merely a
by-product of an enumeration of population provided
for in the Constitution for purposes of apportionment,
as a prerequisite to representative government. From
this, it is claimed, resulted the statistics of population
wliich accidentally placed the United States in the
position of having led the way in the most impor-
tant economic evolution of the age — periodic census
taking.
While there is an element of tnith in this conten-
tion, it is significant that several of the states compos-
ing the young Republic had formed the habit of making
frequent enumerations of their inhabitants during their
existence as colonies. It is probable that none of these
enumerations was made for purposes of apportionment.
At many of them the information secured was as full
as at the first Federal census, and at several the sta-
tistics obtained were far more complete and significant.
It was reasonable to expect, therefore, that considera-
tion of the earlier censuses taken in America should
lead the representatives of the states in the Con-
stitutional Convention of 1787 to incorporate in the
organic law of the nation a requirement for a periodic
census. It was equally consistent that the members
of the First Congress, in providing for the first Federal
enumeration, influenced by the earlier practice of
census taking, should require more than the mere
count of inliabitants specified by the Constitution.
James Madison, who was instnimental in securing
the expansion of census inquiry under the first act
from a mere count of inhabitants to a schedule covering
name of head of family, two age groups of white males,
and freedom or servitude of the colored population,
was an influential member of the Constitutional Con-
vention, and the author of the Madison papers, which
are accepted as the most authoritative record of the
deliberations of that convention. It is reasonable to
suppose that the enlightened and statesmanlike posi-
tion assumed by Mr. Madison in the congressional
debates upon the First Census act reflected convic-
tions held and possibly expressed by him during the
deliberations of the Constitutional Convention.
The influence of pre-Constitutional censuses upon
the subsequent statistical history of the United States
is a subject that hitherto has received but little con-
sideration. So far as the present Census authorities
are aware, the subject has never been discussed in the
report of any census except that of 1850. In view of
their peculiar historical significance, and their evident
influence and bearing upon the beginnings of census
taking in the United States, it is believed that a dis-
cussion of pre-Constitutional enumerations, with re-
productions of all the authentic returns of such
enumerations, forms a fitting introduction to a dis-
cussion of the history and statistics of the fii-st Federal
census, and the growth of national population.
POPULATION IN THE COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL
PERIODS.
CENSUS PROCEDURE IN COLONIAL AND CONThVENTAL PERIODS— POPU-
LATION PRIOR TO 1790— RECENT ESTIMATES OF E.MiLY POPULATION-
POPULATION OF CITIES— CHANGES IN URBAN POPULATION 1710 TO 1900.
Enumerations of population, more or less accurate,
were made in nearly all the Northern colonies during
the Colonial period, and several of the states took one
or more censuses durhig the Continental period.
Nearly all of these enumerations were more than a
simple numbering of the people; in some instances,
tlie inhabitants were classified b}' race, sex, age, and
marital condition.
Colonial period (prior to 1774)- — Most of the enu-
merations of the Colonial period were made at the
instance of the British Board of Trade — wliich at this
period exercised man}' of the functions now vested in
a colonial office — in order to obtain information which
would be of value in the administration of the affairs
of the colonies. Thus, in a sense, the British Board of
Trade was the originator of census taking in America.
These enumerations were made under the imme-
diate supervision of the colonial governors, by sheriffs,
justices of tlie peace, and other county or town officers.
No enumeration embracing all the colonies was ever
made, and in some of the colonies no accurate count
of population occurred during the entire Colonial
period. At times the board experienced great diffi-
culty in getting the information desired. Its demands
were often but partially complied with by tlie colonies,
were sometimes entirely ignored, and were gener-
ally a source of friction. In consequence, the pop-
ulation statistics given out were not alwa}-? reUable.
Indeed, the colonial governors encountered so many
obstacles in their attempts to make the required enu-
merations, tliat in many cases the tables prepared by
[ them to supply the information demanded were based
on muster rolls and hsts of taxables, rather than on
actual counts. Even when actual enumerations were
made, they were often incomplete or inacciu-ate.
The small population dispersed over large areas, the
(hfficulties of travel, the independent spirit of the peo-
ple, and the fact that in many instances the sheriffs
and other officers charged with tlie enumeration re-
ceived no compensation for their serWces, were all fac-
tors opposed to completeness and accuracy. "Super-
stition also was an influence opposed to census taking.
In 1712 Governor Hunter imdertook an enumeration of
the inhabitants of New York. In ^vriting to the home
government he excused the imperfection of the returns
in part by saying tliat 'the people were deterred by
a simple superstition and observation that sickness
followed upon the last numbering of the people.' Gov-
ernor Burnett, of New Jersey, in a communication
to the British board in 1726, alluding to an enumera-
tion made in New York tliree years bef(jre, said, 'I
would have then ordered the like accounts to be taken
in New Jersey, but I was advi.sed that it might make
the people uneasy, tliey being generall}- of a New
England extraction, and tliereby enthusiasts ; and that
they would take it for a repetition of the same sin that
David committed in luimbcring the people, and might
bring on the same judgments. This notion put me off
at tliat time, but, since jour lordsliips require it, I
will give the orders to the sheriffs that it may be done
as soon as may be.' " '
Continental period {177 4~1 789) .—The Colonial period
in North America had covered more than a century
and a half, and the poUcy of the board of trade in
demanding exact returns of population at frequent in-
tervals during this period doubtless had great weight
in educating the people of the colonies to an aj)precia-
tioii of the value of accurate statistical information. It
is significant, at least, that the states wliich took cen-
suses in the Continental period upon tlieir own initia-
tive, after having tlirown off the yoke of Great Britain,
were those in which, as colonies, enumerations had
been made by British authority; while those .«tates
wliich made no such enumerations VN-ere in the main
those in which no colonial enumerations had been
made. The Continental censuses are of great interest,
and, so far as accuracy and completeness are con-
cerned, probably compare well with the first Federal
census. Especiall}' to be noted is tiie Rhode Island
census of 1774, in wliich the schedule of enumeration
is almost identical with that of the Federal census of
1790.
The necessity for a national census, comprehending
all the states, became apparent early in the Continental
period. During the War of the Revolution, tl.e Con-
tinental Congress had authorized and directed the
issue of $3,000,000 in bills of credit. It hail also
resolved that the credit of the Thirteen United Colo-
nies should be pledged for the redemption of these
bills; that each colony should provide ways and
means to redeem its proportion in such manner as
it should see fit; that the proportion of each colony
should be determined by the number of its inhabitants
'Johnston's New Universal Encyclopaedia, vol. 1. page 845
(31
A CENTURY OF POPTTLATION GROWTH.
of all ages, including negroes and mulattoes ; and that
it slioidd be recommended to the colonial authorities
to ascertain in the most confidential maimer their
respective populations, and to send the returns, prop-
erly authenticated, to Congress. Massachusetts and
Rhode Island took a census upon tliis recommenda-
tion in 1776, but most of the colonies failed to comply.
In November, 17S1, a resolution was introduced in
Congress recommending to the several states that
they make an enimieration of their white inhabitants
pursuant to the ninth article of the Confederation.
The resolution failed to pass and the article was
inoperative. Several of the states, however, made
an enumeration about this time. The question of
a settlement of the national debt became continually
more serious, and the unwillingness of some of the
states to order a general census and assume their
equitable proportion made it apparent that a complete
enumeration of the inhabitants of the country could
never be made except by a central directing authority.
Hence, when the Constitutional Convention met, all
members seem to have been agreed that a provision
for a Federal census at stated intervals should be
incorporated in the Constitution.
CENSUSES PRIOR TO 1790.
The following table shows the number of official
censuses of the inhabitants, of which record has been
found, made in each of the colonies before 1790:
NUMBER OF CENSUSES.
COLONY.
Total.
Colonial period.
Conti-
nental
period.
1600 to
1649.
1650 to
1699.
1700 to
1749.
17,50 to
1773.
1774 to
1789.
All colonies
38
1
1
M
11
11
20
3
8
.
2
4
1
2
7
4
14
2
n
1
1
2
2
New Hampshire
o
Vermont
3
r.r>nnpptiniit
2
Middle colonies
1 10
1
New York
11
3
1 1 <7
2
I
New Jersey
3
Delaware
il
1
4
1
1
1
Maryland
2
2
1
1
Virginia
i
2 il
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
i: i
1 Taken as part of a census of Massachusetts.
2 Partly estimated.
8 Taken as part of a census of New York.
* Of those. '} weTo partly estimated.
'Census of polls and taxable property. There are four incomplete lists of polls
made during this period and still in existence, but only one appears to have been
used as a basis for an estimate of population.
The table shows that 3S censuses of various colonies
were taken, within the area of the original thirteen
states, before the first enumeration was made in Great
Britain. Apparently the British Government desired
more definite statistical information regarding its col-
onies than it required concerning the British Isles.
New York and Rhode Island developed the greatest
aptitude for census taking; of the total of 38 enumera-
tions made before the date of the first Federal census,
18, or more than half, were made in these two colo-
nies— 11 in the former and 7 in the latter. The people
of Massachusetts and Connecticut manifested consid-
erable opposition to census taking, seeing no advantage
in it to themselves, and fearing that in some way the
information obtained would be used by the British
authorities to their disadvantage. The first census em-
bracing all the inhabitants of Connecticut was taken in
1756, and the first in Massachusetts not untd 1764 —
when the general court, after continued demands from
the governor, and fearmg longer to irritate British au-
thority, ordered a general census. Pennsylvania and
Delaware, as well as the Southern colonies, present a
marked contrast to New York; so far as appears, the
Federal census of 1790 was the first thorough enumera-
tion ever made within the borders of any of them,
except Virginia.
The records of enumerations before 1790 are in many
cases fragmentary; often totals only are given, and in
some instances the results of the same enumeration are
reported differently by different authorities. It must
be remembered, however, that correct enumeration of
any community is at best a difficult task, and the re-
sults of early censuses in every country have been
inaccurate and disappointing. The later censuses in
the Colonial period and most of those of the Conti-
nental period, were more accurate, and compare well
with the first Federal census.
The following paragraphs present, for each of the
colonies in turn, the general results of all known enu-
merations up to 1790, together with the estimates
made by colonial governors and other officials which
appear to possess a fair degree of accuracy, and also
certain estimates by modern students of Colonial popu-
lation. The results of all pre-Constitutional censuses
are presented in detail on pages 149 to 185. In the
summaries and more extended tables which follow, the
population as shown by the first Federal census, 1790,
is included for comparison.
New Hampsliire. — None of the figures given below
include the Vermont towns.
TEAR.
Estimates.
Censuses:
1641
1,000
4,000
6,000
9,000
9,500
12,500
24,000
30,000
38,000
1675
1689
1716
1721
1732
1742
1749
1761
1707
52,700
72,092
1773
1775
1786
95,755
141,899
1790
POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS.
The census of 1775 was taken in order to ascertain
the quantity of arms and ammunition in the province,
and to correct the wild estimate made by Congress of
102,000 inhabitants, exclusive of slaves.
Massachusetts (including Maine). — The first census
in Massachusetts was one of the "negro slaves, both
males and females, 16 years old and upward," ordered
in 17.54, and finished in the beginning of 1755. The
earliest recorded movement for a census of all the in-
habitants was begun in 1760, and the resulting census
was taken in 1764-65. This census was comprehensive
in its scope, and the schedule of information strikingly
resembles that of the first Federal census. It was
ordered in 1764, and by the terms of the act was to
have been completed by the last of that year; but the
selectmen in some of the towns were negligent and dila-
tory, and did not send in their returns as required. On
March 5, 1765, an act was approved by the governor
b}- which the selectmen were required to complete the
census and make their returns before May 25 following,
under a penalty of £50. But even then, either some
towns failed to make returns or else the returns have
been lost.'
This census was taken according to the following
schedule:
UTiite people, under 16 years/
U-emale.
WTiite people, above 16 years-It * ^\
ll'emale.
Families.
Houses.
Negroes and mulattoes < " ^
IFemales.
Indians l^'^l^^-
I Females.
The following are contemporary' estimates of the
combined population of Massachusetts and Maine
(including New Hampshire in 1665):
1032 2,300
1643 16, 000 to 17, 000
1660 30,000
1675 33, 000
1692 60,000
1721 94,000
1735 145,000
1742 165,000
1751 16-5,000
1755 200,000
The estimate given for 17.35 includes 2,600 negroes,
and that for 1755 includes from 4,000 to 5,000. The
fact that the population remained stationary' during
the nine years from 1742 to 1751 is ascribed to "a
great depopulation by smallpox and war."
The totals reported at the three prc-Constitutional
censuses of Massachusetts and Maine are compared
below with the results of the Federal census of 1790.
The census of 1784 was a count of polls only. The
' Dr. J. Belknap (Mass. Hist. Soc. Collections, Vol. LV, page 198)
says that this census, being an unpopular measure, was not accu-
rately taken.
76292—03 2
population figures given are estimates by Doctor
Chickering,' based on the results of the count.
CENSUS.
Both Massa-
colonlcs. cbusctls.
Maine.
1764-65
200,711 245,718
338,067 291,147
408,059 1 34b, 053
475,199 1 378,556
23,093
47,520
1776
1784
1790
96,643
Rhode Island. — Of the seven pre-Constitutional cen-
suses of Rhode Island, that of 1774 was particularly
elaborate, giving the names of the heads of families,
white males and white females over and under 16
years, negroes, and Indians. The results of this
census were published in detail in 1858. Because of
Rhode Island's share in the slave trade, the propor-
tion of colored persons in the population was large —
one person in every nine being either a negro or an
Indian.
TEAR.
Estimates.
Censasos.
1658
1,200
2,0C0
3,aco
5,000
1()«3
1675
1089
1708
7 181
1730
17,935
1742
30,000
1748
34,000
40,636
1755
1774
1776
55 Oil
1782
1790
69,112
Of the population at the census of 1730, 985 were
Indians. The decreases in population from 1774 to
1782 were directly duo to the war, during which a
large portion of the state was in the possession of the
British forces. Indeed, the census of 1782 specific-
ally excluded one whole town which was still in the
enemy's hands.
Connecticut. — The number of ofTicial enumerations
was much smaller in Connecticut than in Rhode
Island. The growth of jiopulation, iiowever, was
more regular. The information desired by the British
Board of Trade was furnished more often from esti-
mates than from enumerations.
YEAH.
Estimates.
Censuses.
1043
5,500
»,0OO
14,000
20,000
34,000
61,600
100,000
1005
1079
1089
1713
1730
1719
1756
130,612
1701
146,520
1774
196,088
17S2
2C«,S70
1790
237,655
Of the population reported at the census of 1761,
930 were Indians. The stunted growth in the later
j-ears appears to have been due to the hea^•y emigra-
tion from Connecticut to New York and to the West.
■ Statistical ^'iew of the Population of Massachusetts from 1763 to
1840, page 7.
6
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Neiu York and Vermont. — Eleven enumerations
were made in New York prior to 1790— a larger num-
ber than in any other colony. The first of these,
made in 1698, was the first census of any magnitude
on the continent. There is no evidence that Vermont
was included in any of the colonial censuses of New
York, except that of 1771.
■i'EAR.
Estimates.
Censuses.
7,000
10,500
20,000
\^gfy
1(398
is, OCT
1703
20, 748
28, 000
31,000
22.608
1723
40,5U4
50, 289
1737
(iO.437
1746
70, 000
73,448
1756
96, 790
1771
168, 000
190,000
1786
238,895
1790
340,241
The date of the first estimate, 1664, is the year of
the British Conquest. Governor Hunter's census, in
1712, met with so much opposition, from a super-
stitious fear that it would breed sickness, that only
partial returns were obtained. The census of 1746
also was incomplete; Albany county was reported as
"not possible to be numbered on account of the
enemy." The census of 1749 was taken by Governor
Clinton, who volunteered the information that the
returns, in common with those of preceding censuses,
might not be strictly accurate, since the officers re-
ceived no pay for this service, and it was performed
reluctantly and carelessly.
Of the population reported at the census of 1771,
163,337 was reported for New York and 4,669 specific-
ally for certain Vermont towns. At the Federal census
of 1790 the population of New York was 340,241 and
that of Vermont was 85,341.
New Jersey. — There is very little information con-
cerning the population of the colony of New Jersey,
only three emmierations having been made before the
first Federal census. Census taking was unpopular,
because of the religious prejudices and superstition of
the people.
TEAR.
Estimates. Censuses.
1702
15.000
1726
32.442
47.369
61,383
1737
1745
1749
66,66b
78,600
120,000
149, 434
1754
1774
1784
1790
184,139
Of the population reported at the census of 1745,
4,606 were slaves. The estimate for 1749 is for whites
only; the estimates for 1754 and 1784 include 5,500
and 10,500 blacks, respectively.
Pennsylvania and Delaware. — The censiis of 1790
appears to have been the first thorough enumeration
ever attempted in either Pennsylvania or Delaware.
Accordingly estimates of the population are subject to
a large margin of error. In the case of some of the
estimates given below, for years prior to 1770, it is
uncertain whether the inhabitants of Delaware are
included.
1681 500
1685 7,200
1700 20, 000
1715 45, 800
1730 49, 000
1731 69, 000
1740 100, 000
1750 150, 000
1757 200, 000
1760 220, 000
The 500 inhabitants given as the estimate for 1681 —
before the arrival of Penn's settlers — were whites, and
mainly Swedes, on the banks of the Delaware. The
1730 estimate, made by Governor Gordon, is probably
too small.
The following are estimates made separately for the
two colonies of Pennsylvania and Delaware, together
with the returns of the Federal census of 1790:
V2AR.
Pennsj-l-
vania.
Delaware.
1770
250.000
25,000
1776
302.000
1780 .
37,000
1782..
350,000
433. GU
1790
69,046
Maryland. — Maryland presents, tiiroughout its colo-
nial history, a uniform and gradual growth, which strik-
ingly resembles that of Connecticut.
YEA3.
Estimates.
Censuses.
1660
. 1
. ! 8,000
1676 .
16.000
1701
32,258
1712
46,073
.50,200
1719
; 61,000
1748..
130,000
1755
153,564
1761
1 i64.667
1775
200,000
1783
254 nnn
1790 i
319,728
1
The population reported at the census of 1712 in-
cluded 8,330 negroes, and the total reported for 1755
was composed of 107,208 wlutes, 42,764 negroes, and
3,592 mulattoes. The estimates for 1719, 1748, and
1761 include 11,000, 36,000, and 49,675 blacks, respec-
tively.
Virginia. — The first of all the colonies to be founded,
Virginia, had a feeble growth at the start, but soon
became the leader in population.
POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PP:RI0DS.
1616.
1630.
1628.
1635.
1640.
1648.
1659.
1671.
1689.
1717.
1754.
1772.
1776.
1782.
1790.
Estimales.
Censuses.
3.il
2,400
3.000
5,110
7,647
15,000
30,000
40.000
60,000
100,000
284,000
475.000
550,000
587,614
747,610
For the four years 17S2 to 1785, inclusive, there are
in existence lists of ])olls in some of the Virginia coun-
ties. The popuhition given above for 1782 is the esti-
mate made by Thomas Jefferson, based on the list for
that year.'
The meager data on \\hich Mr. Jefferson's estimate
was based were that in 1782, in all but 8 of the Vir-
ginia counties, there were 53,289 free males 21 years of
age and over, 211,698 slaves (of both sexes and all
ages), and 23,760 "tithablc slaves" (apparently slaves
16 years of ago and over); and that in the 8 counties
not included in the list of polls there were, in 1779 and
1780, 3,161 militia.
Mr. Jefferson made five assumptions: (1) That the
number of persons under 16 years of age equaled the
number 16 j'cars and over; (2) that the number of
males from 16 to 20 years of age, inclusive, was equal
to the number of unmarried men in the militia (males
between 10 and .50 years), which was one-third of the
total number in the militia, or about one-fourth of all
males 16 years and over; (3) that the number of
females equaled the number of males; (4) that the
number of free males 16 years of age and over in 1782,
in the 8 counties not included in the list of polls, was
equal to the number of the militia in those counties in
1779 and 1780; (5) that the ratio of free to slave popu-
lation was the same in these 8 counties as in the rest of
the state.
With the facts and the basis outlined above, Mr.
Jefferson evolved the following data :
Population of Virginia in 1782.
POPUIATION.
Total population
Free population
Males
llndor 16 years
16 years and over
16 to 20 years
21 years and over
Females
Slave population
The
state.
,! Counties
I included in
' listofpoUs.
567,614
543,438
other
counties.
24. 17«
23it.
148,
74,
74,
18,
SS,
148,
270,
284.208
142. 104 I
71,052 I
71,052 I
17,763 !
53.289
142,104
269,230
12,644
6,322
3,161
3.161
790
2,371
6,322
11,532
It will be observed that Mr. Jefferson's estimate is
smaller than either the population at the Federal
'Thomafl JeSerson: Notes on the State of Virginia, pages 94
and 9.5.
census of 1790 or the estimate for 1775 would indicate.
He made the very coaservative assumption, in (4),
that the number of the militia (males between 16
and 50) equaled the number of free males 16 years of
age and over; had he assumed that the number of
the militia equaled the number of free males 21 years
of age and over — in accordance with the proportions
which can readily be obtained by analyzing (2) — liis
estimate woulil have been increased to 301,068 free
persons and 274,608 slaves, or a total of 575,676.
North Carolijui, Smith Carolina, and Georgia. — No
thorough enumeration was over made in these colo-
nies during the Colonial or the Continental period.
Accordingly all of the population figures given below,
except for the Federal census of 1790, are estimates.
North Carolina.
VEAH
Estimated
population.
1677
4,000
6,000
7,000
10,000
36,000
90,000
135 000
1701
1711
1717
1732
17S4
1764
1774'.
260,000
1790
•395,006
' Census.
The estimate given for 1732 includes 6,000 negroes,
and that for 1754 inchides 20,000 negroes.
South Carolina.
ESTIHATED POPITl
ATIOK.
Negro.
Total.
Whilu.
1682
2,300
9,500
16,300
20,828
64,000
1M,000
175, OCO
6,300
9,000
25,000
35,000
1 (i5 onn
(')
1708
5,500
1714
10,000
1720
11.828
1749
.19,600
176,1
70,000
1773
110,000
1790
'249,073 ", >140'l78
'108,895
1
> Not estimated separately.
■Census.
The decrease in the number of negroes between 1773
and 1790 — ^which was accompanied by a marked de-
crease in the proportion they formed of the total pop-
ulation— was due to a large deportation of negroes bj'
British authority during the War of the Revolution.
Georgia.
1752.
1760.
1766.
1773.
1776.
ESmlATED POP(n.ATIOK.
Total. , White. Negro.
5,000
9,000
18,000
33,000
.■^,000
1790 1 >82,648
' Not estimated separately.
J
'Census.
6,000
10,000
18,000
<A,sse;
(')
3,000
K.oor,
15.000
(')
>9,6a2
8
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
RECENT ESTIMATES OF POPULATION PRIOR TO 1790.
Attention has already been called to the fact that
at no time prior to 1790 was there a simultaneous enu-
meration of all the colonies. Estimates for various
years have been made, however, by a number of his-
torians and statisticians. In the preparation of this
report valuable assistance was obtained from the ex-
haustive study made by Prof. Franklin Bowditch Dex-
ter, of Yale University, of popidation in the several
American colonies. Estimates in Bancroft's History
of the United States also proved helpfid. Mr. Ban-
croft, however, says of one of his estimates that it
"rests on the consideration of many details and opin-
ions of that day, private journals and letters, reports
to the board of trade, and ofScial papers of the pro-
vincial governments." Professor Dexter apparently
depended less on British sources of information, and
put more credence in official enumerations and in esti-
mates based on militia rolls and lists of polls.
It is interesting to compare the estimates of the two
authorities mentioned above with the estimates pre-
pared by Mr. J. B. D. De Bow, Superintendent of the
Seventh Census (1S50), and published in the report
of that census. Accordingly the various estimates
obtainable from these three sources are summarized
in the following statement:
Estimates of colonial population: 1640 to 1780.
YEAF..
Dexter.
Bancroft.
De Bow.
1640
25,000
80,000
1 . .
IGOO
1G88
200,000
1701
262, 000
1721
500,000
1,000,000
1743
1749
1,046,000
1750
1,207,000
1.300,000
1,610,000
2,000,000
2,205,000
1,2C.O,000
1.428, .500
1,095,000
1754
1700
1707.
1770
2,312,000
1775
2, 803, 000
1780 .
2,580,000
2,94.5,000
Professor Dexter's first estimate relates to the pe-
riod when Parliament gained the ascendency in Eng-
land; at that time, he states, "60 per cent of the inhab-
itants were in New England and most of the remainder
in Virginia." His second estimate indicates that at the
time of the Restoration the population had more than
trebled, "the greatest gain being in the most loyal
divisions, Virginia and Maiyland, which now compre-
hended one-half the whole." Concerning a group of
his later estimates Professor Dexter says: "A round
half million appears to have been reached about 1721,
with the Middle colonies showing again the largest
percentage of growth and New England the least. A
million followed in twenty- two years more, or in 1743,
this figure beii^ doubled in turn twenty-four j^ears
later, or in 1767, the latter reduplication being de-
layed a little, doubtless by the effect of intervening
wars."
Mr. Bancroft says, concerning his estimate for 1754:
''The board of trade reckoned a few thousand more
and revisers of their judgment less." He also makes
a subdivision by color for each of his estimates, except
that for 1688, as follows:
Bancroft's estimate of population, hy color.
TEAK.
Total.
White.
Black.
1750
1.200,000
1.428,500
1.695.000
2.312.000
2,945,000
1,040,000
1,165,000
1,385,000
1,850,000
2,383,000
220,000
17.-,4 . .
263,600
17150
310,000
1770
462,000
1780
562,000
For two _years, 1688 and 1754, Mr. Bancroft pre-
sented estimates for each of the colonies. These are
deemed of sufficient interest and importance to be
presented in full.
Bancroft's estimates of population, by colonies.
16S81
Allcolonies 200.000 1 1,428,500
1754:
Total.
New Hampshire
M^sarhusetts and Maine
Khodo Island
Connectieut
New Yorlc
New Jersey
Pennsylvania and Delaware.,
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
6.000
44,000
6,000
19,000 I
20,000
10,000
12.000 I
25.000 I
60.000 [
8,000 ii
203,000
39, £00
130. 500
96,000
78,600
206,000
148,000
284,000
90.000
so.ono
7.000
White. Black.
1,165,000
EO.OOO
207.000
35.000
133.000
85,000
73.000
195.000
104,000
108.000
70.000
40.000
5,000
263, SOD
6,000
4.500
3. ,500
11,000
5,500
11,000
44,000
116,000
20,000
40.000
2,000
1 nistory ot the United States, Vol. I, page 602.
-Uistory of the United States, Vol. II, page 389.
Concerning the estimates for 1754, Mr. Bancroft
says: "Nearly all are imperfect. The greatest discrep-
ancy in judgments relates to Pennsylvania and the
Carolinas."
Mr. De Bow's estimates for the several colonies in
1701, 1749, and 1775 — which, it will be remembered,
are the only statements concerning pre-Constitutional
population hitherto published in a Federal census
report — are as follows :
De Bow's estimates of population, by colonics.
-Ml colonies.
Slaves, estimated
New Hampshire
Massaohust'tts (including Maine)..
Khode Island
Connecticut
New Yorlc (including Vermont) . .
New Jersey
Vennsylvania and Delaware
Maryland
V'irginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
1743
2C2.000 1,046.000
1775
2..<!03.n00
10,000
70.000
10,000
30.000
30.000
16.000
20.000
2.5. 000
40.000
5.000
7.000
30,000
220.000
35.000
100.000
100.000
00.000
250, 000
S5.000
85.000
43.000
30.000
0,000
500,000
102,000
352,000
58,000
2;i2,00O
23S.00O
138,000
378,000
174.000
300.000
ISl.OOO
93.000
27,000
The estimates given above were made by the colo-
nists at the dates referred to, and at the time Mr. De
Bow wrote were the most reliable in existence. When
J^I^Mll
POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS.
9
they are consi(lerc<I, however, in the light of accepted
investif^ations ami discussions in progress during the
last half century, they prove to be in many cases much
too generous. It seems advisable, therefore, after the
lapse of more than half a century since this, subject
was discussed in a Census report, to present a new
series of estimates, based upon the best information
now obtainable. Indeed, it is unlikely that another
publication will bo issued by the Federal Census
O/Iicc in which a discussion of this character will bo
so appropriate as in connection with the reproduc-
tion of the returns of the First Census. Moreover,
unless some future discovery is made of enumerations
or of extensive statistical material, at present unknown,
there is little probability that the figures given below
will be materially changed hereafter.
The following tables represent the first attempt,
within the knowledge of the Census authorities, to trace
the population of the colonics by decades, upon the
ba.sis of enumerations and contemporary and other
estimates.' In all consideration of these tables (with
the exception of the actual returns for 1790) it must,
of course, be remembered that the population shown
for each colon}^ is in nearly every case merely an
estimate.
These estimates are derivoil from enumerations at
neighboring dates, or from the nearest enumeration
or estimate of that period;^ they must be accepted,
therefore, simpi}' as approximations in the absence of
definite returns. They can be defended, however, not
only as being the closest approximations to the pop-
ulation of that period which it is possible to secure
after a careful consideration of many authorities, but
also on the ground that they are probably more accu-
rate than earlier estimates. Study by many distin-
guished students of history and statistics has resulted
in much discussion; many old records have been
examined, and comparison.s have been made between
the population estimates of early writers and those of
modern experts, so that extreme or unreasonable esti-
mates, which in some cases stood for many j'eai-s, have
been eliminated. In consequence, the estimates of
early population presented in the following tables may
be accepted as expressing the best judgment of students
of history and statistics at the present period.
' The free population of 1700 was' .3, 250, 000. In 1G88 the whole
population is estimated by Mr. liaucroft to have been 200,000. If
we take the free poi)ulation of that day at 18.5,000 and add thereto
one-third for each decennial period, we 'shall obtain the amount
given by :he census in 1790, as follows:
YEAR.
Population.
YEA a.
Population.
1690
185,000
240.000
328.000 •
437. UiO
682,000 '
770,000 1
1750
1,015,000
1700
17(0
1710
1770
1,840,000
2,4.1.i,000
3,270,000
1720
1780
1730
1790
1740
— n. C. Carey, Principles of Political Economy (1840), Part III.,
pages ita and -^6.
- See tables 76 to 103, pages 149 to 185.
Table 1.— ESTIMATED POPULATION DURING COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS: 1610 TO 1790.
STATE.
1610
1C2J
lOSO
IMO
1660
1660
1676
1680
1690
Total
210 1 2,499
5,700
27,947
61,700
»l,800
114,600
155,600
213,500
Maine
400
500
700
800
1,000
1,400
(')
2,300
'Im
<u
<\<«.
Vermont
99
1,300
14,000
.300
2,000
1,000
18,000
800
6,000
3,000
1 21,000
1,600
8,000
6,000
•30,000
2,600
10,000
9,000
2,500
'40,000
4,000
13,000
14,000
6,000
'54,000
6,000
18,000
20,000
9,000
•12,000
(«)
25,000
58,000
3,000
4,600
UIukIo Island
1
New York
"1
500
1
Pennsylvania
500
20.000
49,000
4,000
1,100
Maryland
1,.100
7,647
4,.100
17,000
8,000
33,000
1,000
15,000
40,000
2,600
21
0 1 2,400
3,666
North Carotina
:::::::::;: ::;:;:::::::;:;:
(ieornia
STATE.
1<93
1710
1720
1780
1740
1760
1700
1770
1780
1790
Total
275,000
357,500
474,388
054,050
889,000
1,207,000
1,610,000
2,205,000
2,781,000
3,929,626
0,000
7,500
9,500
(')
12,000
'12.1,000
16,9.10
65,000
< 49, 000
37,000
•65,000
82,000
1.13,000
80,000
30,000
22,000
(")
1 1,18,000
24,000
70,000
> 63, 000
.12,000
3 100,000
(>)
101,000
200,000
60,000
4.1,000
■■■■"
31,000
'IM.OOO
3.1,000
100,000
> 80, 000
06,000
« 150,000
137,000
275,000
80,000
68,000
5,000
88,000
(■)
'235,000
44,000
142,000
> 113,000
91,000
= 220,000
(»)
162,000
346,000
115,000
96,000
9,000
34,000
60,000
2.1,000
261,000
.1.1,000
175, OCO
100.(100
110,000
2.10,000
2.1,000
2UO.O0O
•450,000
230,00(1
140.(100
26,000
(')
.15, .100
84,500
40,000
307.000
.12.000
203.000
2110. OOO
137,000
33.1,000
37.000
2.KI.0U))
.120.000
300,000
160.000
66,000
46,000
90,043
141,899
85,341
378,516
69,112
New Hampshire
MaRs;ichnsolt3
Uho-le Island
'70,000
6,000
24,000
19,000
14,000
« 20, 000
(')
31,000
72.000
5.000
8,000
'80,000
8,000
31,000
20,000
20,000
'3.1,000
(»)
43,000
87,000
7. OOO
13,00»
'92,000
11,000
40,000
30,000
26,000
« 48, 000
62,000
110,000
I3,fl«0
20,828
(.'oniKctlPUt
237,656
New York . ...
340,341
New .Jersey
lty|,139
Pennsylvania .
433,611
Delaware
69,096
Mar>'land
319,728
Virginia
747,610
39.1,006
249,073
82,548
1
r3.677
35,601
:;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;;::;;;;':;:;;:;:;::;
1 1
1 1
' Maino Includpd with Mnssai'husetts.
•Delaware included wltli Pennsylvania.
• Vermont included with New York.
' Kentucky Included with Virginia.
10
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Tabi.k 2.-PER CENT OF INCREASE OF ESTIMATED POPULATION DURING COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL
PERIODS: 1610 TO 1790.
STATE.
1610
to
1620
16-20
to
16S0
1630
to
1640
1610
to
1650
1650
to
1660
1660
to
1670
1670
to
1680
1680
to
1690
1690
to
1700
1700
to
1710
1710
to
1720
1720
to
1730
1780
to
1740
.740
to
1750
1750
to
1780
1760
to
1770
1770
to
1780
1780
to
1790
Total
1,090.0
128.1
390.3
85.0
64.0
35.0
35.9
37.2
28.8
30.0
32.7
3a 1
35.7
35.8
33.4
37.0
26.1
41.3
75.0
60.0
42.9
75.0
1 1
63.2
40.8
60.0
15.8
15.5
16.0
25.0
24.6
34.0
48.0
25.0
15.6
30.4
14.3
111.6
74.1
New Hampshire
64.3
30.4
33.3
25.0
20.0
25.0
26.7
26.3
83.3
40.9
22.6
57.9
67.9
113. 4
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
1,213.1
976.9
28.6
166.7
200.0
200.0
38.9
87.5
33.3
100.0
20.0
66.7
25.0
50.0
33.3
60.0
30.0
55.6
140.0
35.0
25.0
38.5
42.9
50.0
29.6
20.0
33.3
15.0
55.6
66.7
14.3
33.3
29.2
36.8
42.9
75.0
15.0
37.5
29.1
38.5
30.0
37.1
35.9
54.1
37.5
36.1
42.3
35.4
26.4
41.6
27.3
28.6
40.5
63.8
13.9
45.8
42.9
27.0
26.9
50.0
30.6
25.7
42.0
41.3
37.9
46.7
12.8
25 0
23.2
41.6
20.9
13.6
23.3
32.9
17.1
New York
lOO.O
70.1
34.4
29.4
1
59.7
Marvland
1 1
200.0
122.3
77.8
94.1
87.5
21.2
150.0
33.3
22.5
60.0
25.0
18.4
125.0
309.1
24.0
24.1
66.7
77.8
38.7
20.8
40.0
62.5
44.2
33.3
86.6
60.2
32.3
31.9
129.7
44.0
28.0
30 7
66.7
50.0
30.5
37.5
60.0
51.1
is. 2
25.8
43.8
39.7
80.0
23.5
30.1
100.0
47.4
188.9
27.9
1,042.9
25.0
154.9
43.8
North Carolina
31.7
58.7
S0.1
63.7
"*
1
These tables comprehend approximately two-thirds
of the period which has elapsed since the estabhsh-
ment of English settlements upon the North Atlantic
coast of America. They begin with the population of
Virginia in 1610 — the first population in a decennial
year forming part of a continuous series — consisting of
210 souls maintaining a precarious foothold upon an
unexplored continent; and end, after the lapse of
approximately two centuries, wath an aggregate popu-
lation of 3,929,625 inhabitants, possessing more than
800,000 square miles of territory, as shown by the Fed-
eral census of 1790.
^ThUe percentages of increase in population can be
accepted only as suggestions of approximate growth,
it will be observed that those which are shown in
Table 2 tend to confirm the impression concerning the
growth of population natural under the conditions which
prevailed at tliis period.' For the first half century, or
imtU the middle of the seventeenth century, percentages
obviously have httle significance as indicating normal
growth, because they were violently affected by every
shipload of colonists that arrived. From 1660 to the
close of the century, as the population began to assume
greater proportions and to extend over larger areas of
territory, the percentages of increase, both in individual
colonies and in the aggregate for all the colonies, tend
to become more uniform, and thus to reflect the influ-
ence of natural increase as compared with artificial
increase by additions from Europe.' In the eighteenth
century there was a noteworthy uniformity of per-
' "He who will construct retrospectively general tables (of Colo-
nial population) from the rule of increase in America, since 1790,
will err verv little." — Bancroft: History of the United Stales, ed.
1852, Vol. IV, page 128, note.
- "In the Northern states of America, where the means of sub-
Bistence have been more ample, the manners of the people more
pure, and the checks to early marriajjea fewer than in any of the
modern states of Europe, the population has been found to double
itself, for above a century and a half successively, in less than each
period of twenty-five years.
centages of increase, Avith the exception of the reduced
increase sho^vn for the decade from 1770 to 1780, a
variation which imquestionably reflects the period of
warfare and privation tlirough which the colonists were
then passing.
Incidentally it shoidil be stated that in the making
of these tables the population assigned at each decade
to each of the colonies has been computed without the
least regard to the total population or the percentage
of increase in total population which would be shown;
the result for each colony has been prepared independ-
ently, from the historical sources previously mentioned,
so as to reflect as closely as possible the population
conditions actually prevailing at the dates specified.
Hence the interesting uniformity of increase from deo-
ade to decade shown by the aggregate for all colonies
tends to strengthen confidence in the accuracy of the
estimates presented. Moreover, it will be noted
that the similarity in percentages of increase remains
practically the same from decade to decade during
the first half century of actual enumeration (1790
to 1840), as during the latter half of the period
covered by the above tables.
It is of additional interest to observe the geographic
grouping of population during the early history of the
colonies. The following table shows the number and
the proportion of inhabitants in each of the three geo-
graphic groups of colonies at the beginning and the
end of the pre-Constitutional period, and at half cen-
tury intervals:
"In the back settlements, where the sole employment is agricul-
ture, and vicious customs and unwholesome occupations are little
known, the population has been known to double itself in fifteen
years. * * *
" It appears from some recent calculations and estimates that from
the first settlement of America to the year 1800 the periods of dou-
bling have been but very little above twenty years." — Malthus:
Essay on the Principle of Population, vol. 1, pages 6 aiid 7: London,
Edition 1S06.
il]L]llill.jyinmmmiii„iriirrr
0- Map
|New York
I with the ad/acerU Rcdcc
\ OJld Other remarkaMe
Pnrto of
By Tt}4^^ Khtcktn. „
■Ir Ba/racki //tuk/drAmmoanWirn
Quarttrd. andiumi n^n t^Iun^
Troops landidatFro^ Runi
S. 11
ENUMERATED IN
I7W
nt.
1
PopulaUon.
Percent.
).0
3,929,025
loao
17
L8
1,009,206
1,017,067
1,903,332
26.7
25.9
4a4
md including 1790.
alti-
ore.
Salem.
Newport.
)
1
2 203
4,e«i
6,508
200
0,753
4,«7
9,209
5,934
5,337
5,299
1
5,530
1
3,603
7,92i j 6,'7i«
enons to each dwelling, as
'itanU,/or each decent
0.
>ltl-
ore.
Salctn.
Newport.
1
......
3,'666'
.:;.;":;;
9,o66
3,603
7,921
r decrease, were
jxplaincd by the
)f sanitary appli-
sed the American
intury, to attacks
several instances
POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS.
11
Table 3.— ESTIMATED POPULATION IN THE PRE-C ONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD, OF THE AREA ENUMERATED IN
1790, BY GEOGRAPUIC GROUPS.
1610
I6S0
1700
1750
I7M
Population.
Percent.
Population.' Percent.
Population.
Percent.
Population.
Percent.
Population.
Percent
2!0
100.0
61,700 1 100.0
275,000
100.0
1,207,000
100.0
3,929,626
loao
27,200
3,000
21,600
62.6
6.8
41.6
106,000
63,000
116,000
38.6
19.3
42.2
346,000
286,000
666,000
2&7
24.6
46.8
1,009,206
1,017,087
1,903,332
26.7
26.9
48.4
Middle colonies
Southern colonies
210 100. n
In 1 6 1 0 the total wliite population in the original area
of the United States was located in the single colony of
Virginia; but in 1650 more than half of all the colonists
were located in New England, and most of the remain-
der in Virginia. From that date the proportion in the
New England colonies steadily declined, and the pro-
portion in the Southern colonies steadily increased.
The remarkable increase in the proportion in the Mid-
dle colonies during the period from 1050 to 1700 was
due to the settlement of Pennsylvania and extensive
immigration into that colony.
POPULATION OF CITIES.
Three cities which have continued to the present
time to be leatlers in population were preeminent dur-
ing the Colonial and Continental periods, not only in
the number of their inhabitants, but also in prosperity
and influence. These cities were New York, Pliila-
delphia, and Boston. From its foundation, in 10.30,
until the middle of the eighteenth century, Boston
was the most populous town in the American colonies.
Philadelphia (including suburbs) then took tiie lead,
which it retained until it in turn was passed by New
York, in 1810. Hence, each of these three cities has
been the leader in population at some period.
The two tables wliich follow present the popula-
tion, from the earUest records up to 1790, of the 7
cities which had acquired a population of 8,000 inhab-
itants prior to the Federal census of 1790, or which
reported a population of approximately that figure in
that year. The first table gives the results of censuses,
contemporary estimates, and modern estimates based
on contemporary data — as poll hsts or counts of
dwellings. The second table gives, for each decennial
year from 1710 to 1790, the population of all cities
which had reached, or practically reached, the minimum
of 8,000 inhabitants. Figures given in tlie second
table, but not in the first, are estimates based on the
most reliable sources of information.
The most significant facts reflected by the following
tables are the continual uncertainty concerning in-
crease or decrease of population during the whole of
the eighteenth century and the insignificant increase
recorded in each of the 7 cities during the entire period
from 1710 to 1790. The variations in population
which are shown during different periods for each of
these cities are frequently violent.
Population of cities of the United Slatf*
to and indvding
1790.
YEAR.
Philadel-
phia (in-
cluding
suburbs).
Now
Yorlt.
Boston.
Charles-
ton.
Balti-
more.
Salem.
Newport.
16E6
1,000
1680
4,600
1683
'600
I
1690
7,000
1
1698
4,937
1
1700
'4,400
6,700
1703.....
4,430
. '
1708
t
2,203
1710
9,000
1712
6,840
1 '
1720
11,000
10,567
1722
1 ,
1723 1
7,248
::::::::::i:::::::::::::::::::;"' ■■ ■
1730
I3,0CO
1
4,640
1731
8,022
10,664
;:::::::::i::::::::::i::::::::::
1737
1 1 1....;
1740
17,000
16,382
1 1
1742
1 1 <
1746
11,717
] , ;
1748
1
6,608
1749
'13,000
13,294
..V.'.,.'..S.'..'..'...V.".""\".
1750
16,731
\
1752 ;
200
1753
14,563
1755
1
6,763
1766
13,040
t
1760
18,756
15,631
15,520
1
1765
1
4,427
1709
28,042
:::::;::::::::::::::
1770
15,620
10,863
1771
21,863
1773
12,000
1774. .
]
9,200
1T7S
: 1
5.934
1776. . . .
'34,400
> 25, 000
: i::::::::::l::::::::.:
6,337
6,299
1777
1
1780
10,000
1782
6,630
1783
'37,800
\
1786
23,614
1787
16,000
16,359
i
1790
42,444
33,131 1 18,038
13,503 1 7,921
6,716
' r.stimated on the assumption that the number of persons to each dwelling, as
shown on pai;e 13, was 6..1.
> Estimated from Lord Howe's census.
Population of cities having at least 8,000 inhabUanls. for each decen-
nial year from 1710 to 1790.
YEAR.
Philadel-
phia (in-
cluding
suburbs).
Zl Boston-
Charles-
ton.
mo™: ^<^- Newport.
9,oa>
11,000
1730
1740
8,500
10,500
8 600
1
iijooo ] i7;oo6
13,300 15,731
14 000 '-"^ '''-'*'
i7Rn ' iA fit
8,000
10,S(3
10,0C0
16,350
1770
1780
1790
28,000
30,000
42,444
21,000
18,000
33,131
15,.^
10,000
18,038
J
9,000
8,000
13,603 7,aU
Changes, whether of increase or decrease, were
generally due to local conditions, explained by the
historians of the time. The lack of sanitary appU-
ances and of skillful physicians exposed the American
cities, especially in the eighteenth centurj-, to attacks
of contagious maladies, which in several instances
12
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
greatly reduced the population, either by death or by
enforced removal of citizens. Such fluctuations of
population must be regarded as incidents inseparably
connected with the early life of urban communities
in which the inhabitants are engaged in a hand-to-
hand struggle for existence.
Di-^GRAM 1.— POPULATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES BEFORE 1790.
4S
1
*
1
J
1
/
1
1
1
1
•
'♦
/
/
/'
i
1
1
t
1
1
(
1
t
1
/
/
/
1
1 /
--
1
y
/
s
/
I /
' /
/
/
/
/
/
<
/
/
)o
■>
f
/
.
y
--
/
/
/
/
\
\
/
/
y
y
•
'^i
"
o
T*^
; \
! ;
z
n o
S \
3 CTI
O (-
' i
-^
I £ s
It will be observed that the maximum population
of the city of Newport prior to 1790 v.- as reached in
1774; and that the population of Salem even in 1790
had not attained the minimimi city population of
8,000 — falling short of that number by 79 souls. But
as it has been the custom of previous Census authori-
ties to include Salem in the list of cities having a
distinctly urban population in 1790, it is here included
in the list of those having a population of 8,000
inhabitants.
Four out of the 6 cities having a population of 8,000
or more in 1790 were located in the Northern states;
Baltimore was upon the edge of the Northern states;
and only one city — Charleston — was situated in the
distinctly Southern, states. In Virginia, the oldest of
the colonies, no city possessed in 1790 a population
greater than 4,000. Indeed, with the exception of the
city of Charleston, above noted, all of the great area
lying south of the Potomac must bo regarded as dis-
tinctly rural at that period. The marshal who super-
vised in 1790 the taking of the Federal census for
North Carolina, in making his retui'ns, accompanied
them with the obsei"vation that in that large common-
wealth there was no community the population of
which exceeded 2,000 inhabitants.
In 1700 the aggregate population of the 3 leading
cities — Boston, New York, and Philadelphia — was
approximately 15,500. Ninety years later the aggre-
gate population of these 3 cities was 95,000, having
increased sixfold. The striking change wliich has
taken place since 1790 in all the conditions which tend
to increase urban population is illustrated by the fact
that in 1900, or at the close of the succeeding century,
the population of these 3 cities was 5,291,791, hav-
ing increased more than fiftyfold in the second period
of one hundred and ten vears. The rates of increase
POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS.
13
YEAR.
Dwelling
houses.
Popula-
tion.
1683
SO
700
2,076
2,300
2,960
4,474
5,460
6,000
6,651
•
1700
1749'
1753
14,503
1760
18, 756
1769
28,042
1776
1783
1790
here noted reflect the differing tendencies of tiie two
centuries under consideration. Rapid increase in
urban population is generally regarded as one of the
results of the unprecedented growth in commercial
and industrial activity, characteristic of the nineteenth
centur}-.
The proportion of the papulation living in cities
showed a significant uniformity from the beginning of
the eighteenth centurj' to 1820. Indeed, the propor-
tion in 1730 was almost precisely the same as that
shown for 1820 — nearly a centur\' later. The low pro-
portion shown for 1780 was obviously the result of tlie
lievolutionarv War, in which practically all the prin-
cipal cities suffered from the ravages of war or pesti-
lence, or both. Tiie movement of population toward
the cities, a movement which gathered momentum
after 1830, may be regarded primarily as the result of
industrial expansion. From that date the growth of
population in manufacturing centers uninterruptedly
kept pace witii the growth in number of industries
and in value of products.
The principal facts regarding the earlj' population
of the cities shown in the tables on page 11, including
reference to some of the causes which led to violent
increase or decrease, will be found in the following
summaries.
Philadelphia. — The colonial population of Phila-
delphia can not be stated with precision. Dr. James
Mease, in his "Picture of Philadelpliia," gives the
following table:
• " The enumeration of 1749 was made by eitizensof tlie first respectability. Mul-
berry ward, l>y Doctor Franklin; Doek ward, Josepli Sldj)p('n: Lower Delaware,
Wililam Allen {Chief Justiee); Upper Delaware. Tiiomas liopkinson; South ward
and Soutliern suburbs, Kdward Siiipiien: Hiph street, Ti:oinas I.awrenee, jr.;
Walnut. William Humphreys; ( hestnut. Joseph Turner; North ward and North-
ern suburlis. Dr. William Shippen; Middle ward, William Coleman. Thealteration
of tiled i vision of the wards in IWK) renders it impossible to judpe of the comparative
Increase of populLition In the several quarters of the city." Jamca Mease, M. D.r
The Picture of Philadelphia Umi), pages 31 and SS.
The data given for 1760 are confirmed by a passage
from "Bumaby's Travels," written in 1759. Mr.
Bumaliy visited Philadelphia in that year, and re-
ported that it contained about 3,000 houses and from
18,000 to 20,000 inhabitants.
The only cen.sus before 1700 v»-as taken about Octo-
ber, 1777, for Lord Howe, when he held possession of
the city; it yielded 5,470 dwellings (587 of which were
empty) and 21,707 inliabitants, exclusive of the army
and strangers. At all times when both the number
of houses and inhabitants were given, except during
the Revolution, the number of inhabitants bore to the
number of houses a ratio of from 6.2 to 6.4. The
population figures omitted from Mease's table have
been computed for the tables of pre-Constitutional
population of cities, on page 11 , by applying to Doctor
Mease's data as to number of dwellings a ratio of 6.3.
New York. — Twelve censuses of the city of New
York were taken prior to 1700, the first being taken in
1056. Hence, the population figures for New York as
shown on page 1 1 may all be accepted as accurate.
.Bos/on.— From the time of its founding until about
1755, Boston was the most populous town in the Ameri-
can colonies. The first recorded enumeration of the
inhabitants of Boston was made in 1722, during a
pestilence of smallpox; the population was found to
be 10,567. A second census was taken in 1742 and a
third in 1765. In connection with a report on a con.sus
of Boston taken in 1S45, Mr. Lemuel Shattuck made a
verj^ thorough study of the early population of that
city,i from which he deduced the figures given for
decennial years in the table on page 11.
The decrease in the population from 1740 to 1750
was due to depopulation by smallpox and war. The
decrease from 1770 to 1780 was due to the occupation
(jf Boston by the British; according to Mr Shattuck,
in 1776 Boston contained only 2,719 white inhabitant.s,
many of the former inhabitants having been dispersed
in the country. In 1777 there were 2,863 males 16
years of age and over — "of whom," says the record,
"11 were Quakers, 7 belonged to the castle, 188 were
colored, 36 in Charlestown, Falmouth, and Newport,
200 at sea, and 543 in the army." The number of
males 16 j'cars of age antl over actually living in Boston
was therefore only 1,878; and of these, many were said
to be old, infirm, and decrepit.
Charleston. — The fourth city in size in 1790 was
Charleston, S. C. Before the Revolution this was an
important commercial center. Lieutenant-Governor
Bull reported that on November 30, 1770, the number
of houses in Charleston was 1,292, and its population
was 10,863—5,030 whites and 5,833 blacks (domestic
servants and mechanics). De Brahm, three years
later, reported that the city contained about 1,500
houses and more than 12,000 souls, more than half of
whom were negroes and mulattoes. The Revolution
seriously affected the prosperity and the population of
the city. Morse's Gazetteer, published in 1789, says
that in 1787 the city contained 1,600 houses and a
population of 15,000 — 9,600 white inhabitants and
5,400 negroes.
Ballimore. — An inventory of this town in 1752 in-
dicated 25 houses and 200 inhabitants. In 1775 a
census showed 564 houses and 5,934 inhabitants.
Brissot de Warville, who passed through the city in
1788, states that it "was but a village before the war;
but during that period a considerable portion of the
commerce of Philadelphia was removed to this place."
Salem. — Founded in 1628, Salem had a slow growth
during the first century of its existence. There were
' "Report by the committee of the city council," appointed to
obtain the census of Boston for the year 18-15, paee 5.
14
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
two censuses before 1790; the population in 1765 was
4,427, and in 1776 it was 5,337. A somewhat acceler-
ated growth after the war, due to the importance of
Salem's foreign commerce, brought the population in
1790 up to 7,921.
Newport and Prmridence. — It is easy to trace the
population of the city of Newport and of the town of
Providence from the summaries of the censuses given
for Rhode Island in Table 85. The population of New-
port in 1774 was 9,209 — a figure which it did not
attain again untU the census of 1850. The city never
recovered its commercial prosperity lost at the time
of the Revolution.
Neio Haven, New London, and Noi-wick.. — These
Connecticut towns were populous and prosperous dur-
ing the latter half of the eighteenth century, and car-
ried on an important coastwise and West Indian
commerce. The commerce of all three, however, was
greatly injured during the Revolutionary War, and
New Haven, at least, never fully regained her former
rank as a shipping center.
TEAK.
New
Haven.
New-
London.
Norwich.
17S6
5,085
3.171
5,540
1774
8,295 1 5.888
7,327
1782
5,688
7,325
The city of New Haven was incorporated on Janu-
ary 8, 1783; in 1787 its population was 3,364. • Scott's
United States Gazetteer, published in 1795, states
that the city of New London contained 340 dwellings
and the city of Norwich 450 dwellings; this would in-
dicate a population of about 2,000 for New London
and about 3,000 for Norwich.
COMPARISON OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION.
While the population figures shown in Table 1 are
to some extent based upon estimates, they may be
accepted as reasonably accurate for the purpose of
making a general separation of the inhabitants of the
colonies in early years into the two main classes of
urban and rural. Even at the close of the eighteenth
century the urban communities were merely country
towns as compared with the urban communities of the
present time. Nevertheless, it is not to be doubted
that the distinction between the dwellers in the cities,
small as they were, and the dwellers in the strictly
rural districts, was clearly marked. By adopting the
community of 8,000 as a minimum, the following table
has been constructed for a period covering two
' " There are between 300 and 400 neat dwelling houses in the
city, principally of wood. The streets are sandy but clean. Within
the limits of the city are 4,000 souls, "^.l/orsc; Gazetteer of the United
States, 1797.
DuGRVM 2.— PER CENT OF TOT.\I, POPULATION OF UNITED STATES IN CITIES OF 8,000 POPULATION AND OVER.
3b
/
1
/
20
15
to
/
y
1
/
/
/
/
^
y
/
/
/
""^
--
0
1710 1730 I7B0 1770 1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890
'700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900
15
urban
RE) OP
TOTAL
Urban.
ht .Ag»fyifi^
loao
loao
K.2
82.3
91.8
87.5
83.3
77.8
68.9
66.1
59.4
58.6
--J
ii
1
POPULATION IN COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL PERIODS.
15
centuries. The estimates of wliicli the fif^urcs for years
prior to 1700 are composed have already been given
for the total jjopulation iu Table 1 , and for the urban
population in tables on page 1 1.
Table 4,-TOTAL AND URBAN POPULATION (ON THE li.VSIS OF PLACES OF 8,000 IXnAIilTWT.S OK MORE) OF
THE UNITED STATES, AND OF THE AREA ENUMERATED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, COMPARED WITH THE TOTAL
POPULATION: 1700 TO 1900.
1
FOR TOTAL AREA. fOB AREA ENUMEBATED IN 1790.
PEB CENT POPITLA-
TION Of AREA
YEAR.
Total popu-
latlOD.
275,000
367,600
474,388
6.54,950
889.000
1.207,000
1,010,000
2,205,000
2,781,000
3,929,025
5,308,483
7,239,881
9,038,453
12,8(50,020
17,009.453
23,191,876
31.413..321
38, 5.58. 371
.50.1.55.783
>02.947.714
17.5, 994,. 575
Places of 8,000 and over.
Total popu-
lation.
Places of 8,000 and over.
1790 roRua or
POPULATION or
ITNrrED STATEa.
Number.
Population.
Per cent
of total.
Number.
Population.
Per cent
of toUI.
Total.
Urban.
1700
1710
1
1
3
3
3
4
5
5
0
6
11
13
2u
44
85
141
226
286
447
645
9.(J00
11,00(1
30, 00(1
38. .500
42,431
.56,387
84.383
76.000
131.. 39(1
210.873
350,920
475. 13.5
804. .509
1.4.53,994
2, 897, .580
5,072,250
8.071.875
11.318.547
18,272,503
24.992,199
2.5
2.3
4.6
4.3
3.5
3.5
3.8
2.7
3.3
4.0
4.9
4.9
0.7
8.5
12.5
16.1
20.9
22.6
29.0
32.9
1720
1730
1740
1750
1760
1770
1780
1790
3,929,626
5,247,355
0,779,308
8,293,869
10, 240. 232
11,781,231
14,509.584
17.326.157
19,087,. 504
23.92.5.0.19
28,188,321
33,553,630
6
6
10
13
24
40
68
IOC
139
168
243
285
131,396
210,873
339,678
438,317
793,590
1,272.3.30
2,385.216
3,W8,039
5,501,692
7.485,723
10,854,778
14,656,083
3.3
4.0
5.0
5.2
7.5
10.4
1.5.7
21.8
27.1
29.9
36.8
41.7
100.0
98.8
93.6
86.0
79.6
09.0
62.8
5.5.1
51.1
47.7
44.8
44.2
loao
loao
85.2
«2.3
91.8
87.5
82.3
77.8
68.9
66.1
59.4
68.6
1800
1810
1820
1830 ;
1840
1850
I860
1870
1880 . .
1890
1900
■ Includes population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations.
/
II. THE UNITED STATES IN 1790.
BOUNDARIES AND AREA— CURRENCY-
TRANSPORTATION— THE POSTAL SERVICE—
INDUSTRIES— EDUCATION— NEWSPAPERS
AND PERIODICAL S— SLAVERY— INDL-^NS.
The taking of the First Census of the United States
brought home to each citizen the practical operation
and influence of the newly adopted Constitution of the
United States. It was the beginning of a series of
distinctly Federal operations, recurring decennially,
and increasing constantly in importance and in statis-
tical value, which unquestionably have exerted great
influence in imifying the states and demonstrating
their community of interests. It will be appropriate,
therefore, to describe briefly the area of the Republic
and the conditions that prevailed at the beginning of
constitutional government, with which, for all practical
purposes, the First Census was coincident.
The year 1790 was an important one in the history
of the principal nations of Europe, as well as of the
young Republic in America. Monarchies responsible
in but small degree to the people were rapidly becom-
ing intolerable. In all civilized nations the growth of
enlightened sentiment had been greatly accelerated by
the results of the recent conflict in America. Em'ope
was in a state of imrest, and was already upon the
verge of the French Revolution and the continental
wars which followed. In England George III — a man
of 52 years, and little considered in the afi'airs of the
nations of Europe — stiU occupied the throne ; William
Pitt was prime minister, and the energies of the nation,
which had been somewhat impaired by the fruitless
war in America, were being recruited for more profita-
ble operations upon the Continent. In Prussia Fred-
erick William II reigned as king, having succeeded his
father, Frederick the Great. Catherine II — dissolute,
but brilliant and powerful — was PDmpress of Russia.
In France Louis XVI clung to a tottering throne, and
endeavored by ill-judged and fruitless concessions to
placate a nation which was drifting toward revolution
and anarchy.
In the United States less than a year of the first ad-
ministration of the first President had elapsed. General
Washington having been inaugiu-ated m New York
city, AprU 30, 1789. Indeed, when the First Census
was ordered the machinery of Federal Government
was but just constructed, and was undergoing its first
and most critical test. The executive branch of the
Government included four departments — State, Treas-
(16)'
ury. War, and Justice. Thomas Jefferson was Secre-
tary of State; Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the
Treasure'; Henrj' Knox, Secretary of War; and Ed-
mund Randolph, Attorney-General. Congress con-
sisted of 91 members, 26 in the Senate and 65 in the
House of Representatives — the numbers specified by
the Constitution — pending the enumeration of the
inhabitants of the states.
On the 9th of Jul}', 1790, Congress, then in session
at New York, passed a bill selecting the District of
Colmnbia as the permanent capital of the nation, but
declaring that for ten years from the end of that session
the Government should be located at Philadelphia.
Under this act the seat of government was removed
to PhUadolphia in September, 1790. Congress assem-
bled in the following December in that cit}', its sessions
being held in the state house, on Chestnut street; and
by the close of the year the Government w^as estab-
lished in the temporary capital. The executive depart-
ments were located in small rented houses. In the
Department of State,' tliere were, indeed, only five
clerks.
According to Biddle's Director}', published in 1791,
President Washington resided at No. 190 High street,
below Sixth, in the mansion buflt by Richard Perm
and occupied during the Revolution by General Howe,
Benedict Arnold, and Robert Morris. Vice-President
Adams lived in the Hamilton mansion at Bush Hill.^
The year 1790 was probably the most critical year
of General Washington's administration.^ It was the
first complete j^ear of the Federal Government under
' " The force of the department at the time of the adoption of the
Constitution was the Secrctarj-, the chief clerk, and ttiree subordi-
nates, at a total cost of $6,500. During the First Congress the salary
of the Secretary of State was fixed at $3,500, the chief clerk at S800,
and clerks at not to exceed S500 each. In 1800 the salary of the Sec-
retary was increased to 55,000, but the total pay roll only amounted
to $12,950." — John TT'. Foster: A Century of Am/irican Diplomacy,
page 130.
2 Scharf and V/estcott, History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, page
462.
' "No man ever entered with a higher sense of responsibility upon
a task which was to tax his wisdom, patience, and reputation to the
utmost. In his inaugural address he said that no event could have
filled him with greater anxiety than the notification of his election,
and that the magnitude and difliculty of the trust, to which the
voice of his countrymen called him, awakened a distrustful scrutiny
into his qualifications." — John TV. Foster: A Century oj American
Diplomacy, page 136.
17
. yi'KC.Kt K
A4
45
4fi
\tnoit\n I
^7^ r • "t "■•"Mil M *
kIXmH / 1 f AM 1^1 T' • ■"■■■'•■^^-'--^
w;.irf.or'.r"'"r""'"'<r ^V'^'^w
•r, ' l'ttl"\Kriiu I iViKiiMin-ri
r/-*.„..6,.,, V s H [rtfc ,,;,,,„. y„..* R
»;2A/f<i'
Ann
') toil _ \ — i-^ r y y=^-v«™i-"r»)
(2 ft Or..»V"''''''"''^"''"'"W :''."""'';'>Cv/J^i^ri'"'!r::^^rM-a/a6ar
But I /I
-./.■„, ^
"Zsi^^^^i^'^^ \ Explanation
L?
40
C H Court Houac
arftatir
<<
^If the
Nbrtliern Part
of the
Unjtjcd Stati:s
of
MF.RTCA
Abraham Braille.v jun'
^a
A9-
58
iZ
5 CalU-^i^ JJ"
I been
rpinia
Ken-
1 Mis-
(1 out
olina,
'er, or
<01iio
npris-
Vliclii-
— was
er, or
> west
1 vast
king,
la, of
it be-
tched
The
:c ilis-
j Do-
rttion;
;h the
fined,
sd by
le dis-
as far
in the
until
reaty,
I and
ice to
) was
only
total,
board
I New
upied
;ham-
e for-
1788.
mess.
! only
thode
and
• the
often
id ill-
!St of
es \ras
«8sion,
iment,
tecrion
i inure
THE UNITED STATES IX 1790.
17
the Constitution. Precedent was being made at every
step. No ofTico of the Government, not even the
Presidency, had been in existence long enough to com-
mand any respect, except such as was imparted by the
personahty of the oflicial himself. Political party
lines, which became dearly defined b}^ 1702, had not
yet appeared. Many divisions of sentiment, however,
had already developed, especially in connection with
the interpretation of the Constitution. Everj- free-
holder was deeply interested in such questions as
slavery. Federal assumption of state debts, and the
taxation necessary for raising the revenues required to
conduct the National Government.
No service pei-formed by General Washington in the
successful prosecution of the Revolutionary War com-
pared with that which he rendered in saving the Re-
public from itself during the early days of his admin-
istration.' The operation of the Government under
the new Constitution had thus far proceeded v^thout
serious friction, but with considerable criticism and
unrest. Popular confidence in and respect for Presi-
dent Waslungton, the hero of the Revolution, was
probably the principal factor which prevented the
early occurrence of serious disagreements. While the
success of the struggle for hberty in America had pro-
foundly impressed the nations of Europe, on the other
hand tlio theories i)roclaimed by the radicals in France
had already attracted attention in the United States
•and seriously affected a large element of the population.
Indeed, French revolutionary ideas were destined to
become of some political importance during the ad-
ministration of President Washington, a consideration
which doubtless caused the patient and sagacious
President periods of grave anxiety. In fact, in 1790
problems arose on all sides. It appears to liave been
an open question, at times, whetlier a dozen self-willeil
commonwealths, having different views upon many
questions of public poUcy, and great independence of
thouglit and action, ever could be brouglit to bend sub-
missively to the control of a constitution created for
the good of all, but requiring of necessity many mutual
•concessions and considerable breatlth of view.
BOUNDARIES A.M) ATIE.V.
In 1790 the I'nion consisted of 1.3 states — Rhode
Island, the hist of the original 13 to enter tlie Union,
being admitted on May 29. Vermont, the first addi-
' "AVhile the American Union was forminp; itself, some of the
worst Bvmptr)ms of soirial and political die.-'oliition were manifesting
thoinselvos » * *. The greatest revelation rendered to all sub-
senucnt generations by these opening years of tho American Re-
public is in tho constaiit proof they exhibit of the prevailing power
of the people for self-government * * *. It was reserved for the
sagacity of Uamilton— an alien genius, a rare creation independent
of race or time — to see through to the end, to uphold the possibilities
of an empire. But the mca of tho time, the concrete actual per-
sonification of these godlike faculties, inchoate and dimly perceived
in common men, was Geoi^o Washington." — Wcedcn: Economic and
Social History of New England, Vol. II, pages S64 to 967.
tion, was admitted in 1791, before the census had been
completed. Massachu.setts included Maine, Virginia
included West Virginia and nominally' included Ken-
tucky. Georgia included parts of Alabama and Mis-
sissippi. Tho present state of Tenne.ssee, formed out
of territory ceded to the Union by North Carolina,
was known as the Territory South of the Oliio River, or
Southwest Territory. The vast area between the Ohio
and Mississipjji rivei-s and the Great Lakes — compris-
ing the present states of Ohio, Indiana, IlUnois, Michi-
gan, and Wisconsin, with part of Minnesota — was
called the Territory Northwest of the Oliio River, or
Northwest Territory.
The United States in 1790 was bounded on the west
by the Mississippi river, beyond wiiich stretched a vast
unexplored territory claimed by the Spanish king.
On the south was the Spanish colony of Florida, of
which the northern boundary was in dispute, but be-
tween which and the settlements in Georgia stretched
an uninhaljited region containing vast swamps. The
northern boundary also was in dispute for long dis-
tances; the boundary between Maine and the Do-
minion of Canada was a fertile source of contention;
as a result of the fact that the water line through the
St. Lawrence river and the Great Lakes was undefined,
some of the islands in those waters were claimed by
both the United States and Great Britain; and the dis-
covery that the Mississippi river did not extend as far
north as the Lake of the Woods revealed a gap in the
boundary' line of the Northwest. It was not until
more than fifty j'ears later, by the Ashburton treaty,
that the boundary of Maine was fully determined and
the boundary through Lake Superior and thence to
the Lake of the Woods agreed upon.
The gross area of the United States in 1790 was
820,377 square miles, but the settled area was only
239,935 square miles, or about 29 per cent of tho total.
The thickly populated areas were along the seaboard
and in the valleys of the larger rivere. Western New
York was a wilderness; rude frontier forts occupied
the present sites of Oswego and LUica; and Bingham-
ton and Elmira were outposts of civilization, th.e for-
mer having been settled in 1787 and the latter in 1788.
J.Iuch of western Pennsylvania, also, was a wilderness.
At tlie time of the Declaration of Indepentlcnce only
6 of the 13 American states — New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and
Maryland — had definite boundaries. Each of the
others laid claim, on the strength of early and often
verj' conflicting grants of territory, to large and ill-
defined areas in the vjtst unexplored region west of
the Appalachian mountains.
The ownership of the.so western lands by individual states vr^a
opposed by thoc;o states which did not share in their posses.'iion,
mainly on the ground that tho rossources of tho General Government,
to which all contributed, shotild not be taxed for the protection
and development of this region, while its advantages would inure
INHABITED AREA IN UNITED STATES IN 1790.
a u L F o\f m e X I \c o
THE UNITED STATES
1790
SCALE OF MILES
200 300
^—M^M^ FRONTIER LINE
I^ingitude
THE UNITED STATEvS IX 1790.
19
to the benefit of but a favored few. On this ground several of the
states refused to ratify the Constitution until this matter had been
settled by the cession of these tracts to the General Government.
Moved by these arguments, as well as by the consideration of
the conflicting character of the claims, which must inevitably lead
to trouble among the states. Congress passed, on October 30, 1779,
the following act:
Whereas the appropriation of the vacant lands by the several
states duriiijj the present war will, in the opinion of Congress, be
attended with great mischiefs. Therefore,
Re-iohed, That it be earnestly recommended to the state of Vir-
ginia to recon.sider their late act of assembly for opening their land
oflSce; and it be recommended to the said state, and all other states
similarly circumstanced, to forbear settling or issuing warrants for
unappropriated lands, or granting the same during the continuance
of the present war.'
By 1790 Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York,
and Virginia had ceded to the Federal Government all
right and title to lands claimed by them in the North-
west Territor}^ ^\ith the exception of what was
known as the "Connecticut Reserve;" North Caro-
hna and South CaroUna had yielded up tlieir claims
to territory extending to the Missis-sippi; and Maine,
Vermont, and Kentucky were sufficiently distinct to
be reported separately at the First Census. Georgia
still held out, but Georgia's western territory was
practically a wldemess, the enumerated area being
merely that part of the present state which lies along
the seacoast.
In 1790 the claim of the Federal Government to
ownership of the vast areas between the Appalachian
mountains and the Mississippi river was still subject,
to some extent, to the rights of the Indians ; but such
rights had never been seriously regarded iu the past,
and in fact subsequently proved of little consequence in
the settlement of the territory.
The greatest length of the Northwest Territory was
about 900 miles, and its greatest breadth, approximately
700. It was bounded on the east by Pennsylvania, on
the southeast by the Ohio river, and on the north and
west by the international boundar}^. By contemporary
writers it was estimated to contain 220,000,000 acres
of land surface. This land, with the exception of a
few tracts, was held by the Federal Government, to
be sold for the discharge of the national debt. One
exception was the narrow strip known as tlie "Con-
necticut Kesei-ve," bordering on Lake Erie and stretch-
ing 120 miles west of the western boundary of Penn-
sylvania. This tract belonged to the state of Con-
necticut. Title to about one-sixth of it was given to
citizens of Connecticut who had lost property in the
Revolution, and the remainder was sold bj' the state,
in 1795-96, to the Connecticut Land Company, for
$1,200,000, the proceeds being used for the support of
schools and colleges in that state. It was not until the
year 1800 that Connecticut relinquished jurisdiction
over this region in favor of the Federal Government.
By an act of Congress passed on the 13th of July,
1787, the Northwest Territory was erected, for the pur-
• Henry Gannett, United States Geological Survey, "Boundaries of
the United States," third edition, page 30.
poses of temporary government, into one district —
subject, however, to a division when circumstances
should make it expedient. The fifth article of tliis
act provided that there should be formed in the ter-
ritory not less than 3 nor more f lian 5 states. Under
its terms tentative state boundaries appear to have
been constructed for the maximum number, which
are shown upon contemporary ma]>s as First State,
Second State, etc. The First State rouglily coincided
with the present state of Ohio, the Second with a part
of the present state of In<liana, the Third with a part
of Illinois, the Fourth with a part of Michigan, and the
Fifth with more than the present state of Wisconsin.
In 1790, therefore, the foundations of 5 great states
may be said to have been laid.
Beginning on the meridian line which forms the
western boundary of Pennsylvania, seven ranges of
townships had been surveyed and laid off by order of
Congress. In a portion of the territory the Indian
title had been extinguished and 4 counties had been
laid off by June, 1790 — Washington, erected <»ii July
26, 1788; Hamilton, January 2, 1790; St. Clair, April
27, 1790; and Knox, June 20, 1790. Of these, Wash-
ington and Hamilton counties were located in the
present state of Ohio, Knox county in Indiana (north
of Vincennes), and St. Claii- county in Illinois.
The Northwest Territory contained but a few thou-
sand inhabitants, nearly all of whom were in the
fertile valley of the Ohio. Bands of marauding sav-
ages contested the advance of settlers an<l made the
life of the pioneers hazardous and often tragic. Cin-
cinnati was settled in 1780 and Marietta in 1788; but
for years Cincinnati was only a garrison, and tiie first
white child was not born there imtil 1790. The west-
ernmost .settlement on the Ohio was at Louisville.
All of the Great Lake ports were in the hanu.s of the
British. Across the mountains, south of the Ohio,
the only considerable settlements were in Kentucky
and western Tennessee, whither settlers had In^en led
by Daniel Boone and other hardy hunters, to make
homes for themselves in the fertile blue grass regions.
Only about one-twentieth of the people of the coun-
try lived west of the crest of the Appalachian moun-
tains. The western country was so vast, and the
facilities for transportation and communicati(m .so
meager, that Jeffereon predicted it would be a
thousand years before the country as far we^t as the
Mississippi would be thickly settled.
Local organization. — The states differed widely in
local government, and hence in the geograi)liic subdi-
vision of their counties. In New Englanil the county
was a corporation which existed for judicial rather
than for political purposes. The j)olitical unit was
the town, which received its charter from the state
legislature, elected its own officers, and managed its
local affairs in its own way.
In the iliddle states— New York, New Jersey, Penn-
sylvania, and Delaware — the county was of much
20
A CENTURY OF POPUI^TION GRO^VTH.
greater importance than in New England; on the
other hand, the subdivision of the county called the
township (except in Delaware, where it is called the
hundred), was of less importance than the New Eng-
land town. In New York the township was created
by the county board; in New Jersey, by the state
legislature; in Pennsylvania, by the county court of
quarter sessions; in Delaware there appears not to
have been any definite and systematic subdivision of
the counties. New York adjoined New England, and
a large part of the population of the state were per-
sons who had migrated from that section, and natu-
rally had carried with them the idea of the town sys-
tem of local government; consequently, in 1790, the
township limits in New York were better defined than
those in any other state outside of New England, with
the possible exception of New Jersey, the only Middle
state in which the townsliip was created by the state.
In Pennsylvania the township, as a geographic area,
was less important than in New York. The principal
maps of Pennsylvania at the period under consideration
show the location of mountains and rivers in detail, the
names of coimties, and the names of the more promi-
nent towns and cities, but do not define the township
boundaries. Population was increasing and extend-
ing with great rapidity, existing townships were being
subdivided, and new ones were being created. Under
these conditions the boundaries of the townships in
the more thinly settled portions were very unstable.
In the Southern states the county was the political
unit, fulfilling all the fimctions of both the county and
town in New England. Subdivision into to^vnships
was made for administrative purposes only; ' in some
instances these subdivisions corresponded to the elec-
tion precincts of the present day.
CUERENCT.
The close of the War of the Revolution found the
finances of the country in almost hopeless confusion,
and affairs had improved but little by 1790. There
was no mint, and but httle specie, and much of the
trade, especially in the interior, was carried on by
barter. ^'Ul the coins in circulation were foreign, and
many were badly worn and mutilated.
The commonest coin was the Spanish "milled dol-
lar," or "piece of eight," which was obtained in trade
from the West Indies; after the Revolution tliis coin,
with its subdivisions, was the recognized unit of
account. The coins of Great Britain were in Kmited
circulation in all the states, and reckoning was often
in pounds, shillings, and pence; but because of the
' In most of the county-system states the local subdivisions, by
whatever name known, are created by the county authorities.
They are but skeletons and exist only for convenience as districts
for holding elections, for fixing the jurisdiction of the justice of the
peace, or for determining the militia-company organization. Jus-
tices of the peace and constables are found in these districts, but
the districts are in no sense political organs. (Hinsdale: The
American Government, page 404.)
limited supply of Enghsh coins, and from other causes,
the value of the potmd and shilling diflFered materially
in the different states. Hence it was often necessary,
in business transactions, to name the state of exchange.
The principal gold coins in use, other than the British
pieces, were the French guinea and pistole, the Portu-
guese moidores and Johannes, or "joe," and the Spanish
doubloon and pistole; but the number of these was
small. The silver coins in circidation, besides British
pieces and the Spanish dollar, were chiefly the crown
and hvre of France. The copper coins were princi-
pally those of Great Britain. The supply of fractional
currency was inadequate to the demand, and silver
pieces were often cut into halves and cjuarters in order
to make change.
In 1785 Congress adopted as the currency basis the
silver dollar, on a decimal system, as exemphfied in the-
Spanish dollar; and by 1790, in making exchanges,
the value of all coins was quite generally referred to
tliis standard. The system of reckoning in sliillings
and pence, however, persisted in some places and with
some people. The ecjuivalent of the dollar in New
England and Virginia was 6 sliilUngs ; in New York and
North Carolina, 8 sliillings; in South CaroUna, 32 i
shillings ; in Georgia, 5 sliilhngs ; and in the four other
colonies, 74 shilhngs.
In addition to specie, there was a large amount of
paper money in circulation. During the Revolution,
and in the succeeding j'ears of the Continental period,
both the Confederation and the individual states had
made large issues of paper money, and, being unable
to redeem it, had refimded now and then by new
issues. This was never worth its face value, and stead-
ily depreciated from the date of issue. In March, 1780,
the Continental currency had fallen to such a point
that one dollar in silver was worth 65 dollars in paper.
"Not worth a continental" came to be the phrase used
for anytlung practically worthless. There can be no
doubt that this paper money had much to do with the
demoralization of industry during the Continental
period. A contemporary writer and close observer of
the times — Peletiah Webster, of Philadelphia — says:
"We have suffered more from this cause than from
any other cause of calamity. It has lulled more men,
perverted and corrupted the choicest interests of our
country more, and done more injustice, than even the
arms and artifices of our enemies." And again he says :
"If it saved the state, it has violated the equity of our
laws, corrupted the justice of our public administra-
tion, enervated the trade, industry, and manufactures
of our country, and gone far to destroy the morahty
of our people." M. de Warville, in his travels in
America in 1788, inveighed against the paper money
of Rhode Island and New Jersey in tones no less
uncertain. As a chmax to the whole. Congress even
refused to accept its own paper money in payment of
postage.
21
his
vi-
m-
In
ny
9W
ad
>m
ed
ad
)rt
^ .
jj-
G
ay
3W
IS-
m
on
ia,
ti-
or
he
he
■m
he
?h
d-
or
in
it
^.
It.
,'h
V-
id
fa
of
It
'd
.d
le
1-
te
e.
n
1-
I;
le
it
THE UNITED STATES IX 1790.
21
In Virginia the lack of specie was supplied largely
by ])aper currency called "tobacco money." Tliis
was a genuine asset currency, the notes being sinijjly
the ])ubUc warehouse receii)ts for the tobacco placed
therein. They circulated freely in the state, according
to the known value of the tobacco.
In 1790 there were but three banks in the United
States: The Bank of North America, established in
the city of Philadeli)liia; the Bank of New York; and
the Bank of Massachusetts, in Boston. Of these three,
the first-named is the only one which had at any time
a direct relation with the Federal Government.
TRANSPORT.\TION.
The common mode of travel before the Kevolution
was by boat or horse. The river valleys are usually the
portions of a country first settled, and in the newer
portions of America travel was often by river routes.
Many persons did not own carriages or wagons; incon-
seiiuence, a considerable j)roportion of the ])0])ulation
had no retiuirement for wagon roads. This was par-
ticularly the case in the South, where the plantations
were situated along the banks of navigable streams and
products were marketed by boat.
AVith the growth of the colonics, and an increasing
recjuirement for intercommunication, the extension
of stagectiach systems was very rapid, and became
especially marked after the Revolution. As might be
exju'ctetl, such extension was coincident with the
opening of many new roads and the improvement of
existing highways. In 1790, however, there remained
many sections of the country in which there were n<i
roads. On the nnips of the slates published during the
last decade of the eighteenth century, no highways
are shown in the eastern jiart of Maine, and but few
in northern New England, northern and western New
York, northwestern Pennsylvania, and throughout the
mountainous regions of the South. Many highways
were such in name only — often little more than bridle
patlis or blazed trails running through otherwise
unbroken wildernesses. Even the more ])retenlious
roads were poor, and often impassable. Bridges were
all but unknown in the tliinly settled portions; and
in the fall and spring, when the rivers were covered
with imsafe ice or were full of floating ice, travel was
extremely dangerous.
Between important towns, especially in New Eng-
land, better conditioiis prevailed. From Boston,
roads branched off in many directions. A broad liigh-
waj- exte!ided westward tlirough Marlboro, Worces-
ter, Spencer, and Springfield; another passed through
Lynn, Salem, Portsmouth, and Portland, to the
headwaters of the Kennebec; other roads led to
Providence, Lowell, and Concord. Koads followed
both banks of the Merrimac and Cormecticut rivers;
and !ui important road ran from Concord and Ash-
burnliam, Mass., tiu-ough Rutland. Vt., and along the
76292—09 3
eastern shore of Lake Champlain. Over these lugh-
ways the products of the surrounding country for long
distances were brought to Boston for export.
The maps of Rhode Island and Coimecticut at this
period present a network of highways. From Provi-
dence a road skirted tlie western coast of Narragan-
sett bay and followed the Sound to New York. In
the Cormecticut valley, also, there were many
important roads.
In New York the Albany post road ran from New
York city along the eastern bank of the Hudson river
to .Ubany, and thence northward to Plattsburg and
into Vermont. Through ^Vibany jjassed the western
highway from Massachusetts to the Mohawk valley,
over which, in 1790, numbers of emigrants journeved
daily. In the wilds of western New 'iOrk this read
dwindled to a trail, and as such continued to Fort
Niagara.
Across the state of New Jersey there were many
roails, but the principal highway extended from New
York through Newark, Ehzabethtown, and Bruns-
wick to Trenton. ^\jiother road skirted the eastern
anil southern shores of New Jersey. From Trenton
a road passed through Burlington, Philadelpliia,
Chester, Wilmington, Elkton, Havre de Grace, Balti-
more, Alexandria, and then southward.
Pliiladi'lphia was a common center of highways for
a wide radius. This city was a great market for the
sale of farm jjroduce; in the autumn and winter the
highways were filled with heavily loaded wagons from
the surrounding farms, bound for Philadelphia. The
main roatl from Philadelphia westward passed through
Lancaster, Ilarrisburg, Carhsle, Shijjpensburg, Bed-
ford, and Pittsburg. Several other roads crossed or
nearly crossed the state, converging at the mountain
passes ami centering upon Pittsburg.
The maps of the Southern states show many roads,
but the most important were along the seacoast.
Leaving ^Vlexandria, an important road ran through
Fredericksburg and JamestowTi, Va., Hertford, New-
bern, and Wilmington, N. C, Charleston, S. C, and
Savamiah, Ga., thus completing a chain of highways
from the Kennebec river to Georgia.
Several roads crossed the mountain barriers of
Virginia and North CaroUna to the West, those that
were not lost on the banks of rivers being centered
upon Lexington, Piinville, Clarksville, Knoxville, and
Nashville. One of the most famous of these was the
"Wilderness road," which passed tlirough the Cum-
berland Gap. It was the only direct overland route
into Kentucky, and was marked out by Daniel Boone.
Not until 1795 was tliis road widened into a wagon
track.
Briilges over even the larger rivers were not com-
mon, and the smaller streams were usually forded;
but by 1790 numy bridges hud been built near the
large cities and on the principal roads. The greatest
22
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
engineering feat in the Republic was the bridge over
the Charles river, connecting Boston and Charles-
town. This bridge was built in 17S6, and was then
the longest bridge in the workl. The Charles river
was about as wide at that point as the Thames river
at the famous London bridge.
Stagecoaching days had not arrived at their zenith
by 1790, but the stagecoach was fast coming to be the
common mode of inland travel. The system was
developed to the greatest extent in New England,
where the population was comparatively dense. As
early as 1765 there were two stage routes between
Providence and Hartford. In 1769 a coach was
announced between Hartford and Norwich, "a day's
journey only," and two coaches a week between
Providence and Boston, which journey also was accom-
plished in a day. In 1793 there were daily stages
between Boston and Providence, the fare being but a
dollar. In 1790 stages ran between Newburyport and
Boston three times a week in summer and twice a
week in winter; between Boston and New York, by
the way of Worcester, Springfield, and Hartford,
three times a week in summer and twice a week in
winter; between New York and Philadelphia, five
times a week; between Philadelphia and Baltimore,
and between Baltimore and Alexandria, three times
a week; and between many other cities at less
frequent intervals.
Mr. Levi Pease started the first line of stages
between Boston and New York shortly after the
conclusion of peace in 1783.' He also obtained the
first government contract within the United States
for carrymg the mails by stage, and the first mail in
this new service passed through Worcester on January
17, 17S6.'
The distance between Boston and New York was
covered under ordinary conditions in four days, and
'Stages from Portsmouth in New Hampshire, to Savannah in
Georgia:
There is now a line of stages established from New Hampshire to
Georgia, which go and return regularly, and carry the several mails,
by order and permission of Congress.
The stages from Boston to Hartford in Connecticut set out, during
the winter season, from the house of Levi Pease, at the sign of the
New York Stage, opposite the Mall, in Boston, every Monday and
Thursday morning, precisely at 5 o'clock, go as far as Worcester on
the evenings of those days, and on the days following proceed to
Palmer, and on the third day reach Hartford; the first stage reaches
the city of New York on Saturday evening following.
The stages from New York for Boston set out on the same days,
and reach Hartford at the same time as the Boston stages.
The stages from Boston exchange passengers with the stages
from Hartford at Spencer, and the Hartford stages exchange wTth
those from New York at Hartford. Passengers are again ex-
changed at Stratford ferry, and not again until their arrival in New
York.
By the present regulation of the stages it is certainly the most
convenient and expeditious way of traveling that can possibly be
had in America, and in order to make it the cheapest, the proprie-
tors of the stages have lowered their prices from four pence to tliree
pence a mile, with liberty to passengers to carry fourteen pounds
baggage.
In the summer season the stages are to run with the mail three
times in a week instead of twice, as in the winter, by which means
those who take passage at Boston, in the stage which sets off on
the time of the "diligence" between New York and
Philadelphia was two days. Intelligence of Wash-
ington's election to the Presidency of the United
States, in New York, on April 7, 1789, was conveyed
to him at Mt. Vernon by Charles Thomson, the clerk
of Congress, on April 14. Washington died on
December 14, 1799, and news of an event of such
great interest was probably forwarded with all
possible dispatch; yet this news did not reach Boston
until December 24.
The most traveled road in the country was doubt-
less the liighway across New Jersey cormecting New
York and Philadelphia. For most of the distance
this road was kept in excellent repair. For part of
the distance, from New York to Newark, it repre-
sented considerable engineering enterprise, being
built wholly of wood in the midst of water and "on a
soil that trembled when stepped upon." The stage-
coach used was a kind of open w^agon, hung with
curtains of leather and woolen, which could be raised
or lowered at pleasure. It had four benches and
would seat twelve persons. Light baggage was put
under the benches, and the trunks were attached
behind.
The highwa}' from Philadelphia to Baltimore was
less traveled, and, because of the character of the soil,
was often in an almost impassable condition.^
Samuel Breck, speaking of travel between New
York and Boston in 1787, says:
In those days there were two ways of getting to Boston: One way
by a clumsy stage that travels about 40 miles a day, with the same
horses the whole day; so that rising at 3 or 4 o'clock and prolonging
the day's ride into the night, one made out to reach Boston in six
days; the other route was by packet-sloop up the Sound to Provi-
dence and thence by land to Boston. This was full of uncertainty,
sometimes being traveled in three and sometimes in nine days.
I myself have been that length of time (nine days) going from N^W
York to Boston.
Monday morning, may arrive at New York on the Thursday evening'
following, and all the mails during that season are to be but four
days going from Boston to New York, and so from New York to
Boston.
Those who intend taking passage in the stages must leave their
names and baggage the evening preceding the morning that the
stage sets off, at the several places where the stages put up, and pay
one-half of their passage to the place where the first exchange of
passengers is made, if bound so far, and if not, one-half of their
passage so far as they are bound.
N. B. — Way passengers will be accommodated when the stages
are not full, at the same rate, viz, 3 pence only per mile.
Said Pease keeps good lodging, etc., for gentlemen travelers, and
stabling for horses.
Boston, January 2, 1786. — Massachusetts Spy, or the Worcester
Gazette, January 5, 1786.
- Alice Morse Earle: Stage Coach and Tavern Days, pages 295 toij
297. ' "
^ A Frenchman who made a journey from Philadelphia to
Baltimore in November, 1788, thus describes a portion of his trip:
"From thence (Havre de Grace) to Baltimore are reckoned 60
miles. The road in general is frightful, it is over a clay soil, full
of deep ruts, always in the midst of forests; frequently obstructed
by trees overset by the wind, which obliged us to seek a new pas-
sage among the woods. I can not concei\-e why the stage does not
often overset. Both the drivers and their horses discover great
skill and dexterity, being accustomed to these roads." — Brissot de
Warville: Travels in the United States of America (118S).
THE UNITED STATES IX 1790.
23
At that time there was scarcely a town along the
coast of Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Jersey
that was not connected by sailing sloops ^vith New
York. The fare from Providence tn New York bv
packet was $6. From ports in New' England, sloops
made frequent trips to Boston; and from the southern
ports, to the nearest princijial cities. All through the
advertisements in the newspapers of that period were
notices of the regular or occasional sailings of sloops
to different seacoast towns. These sloops had ac-
commodations for passengers, and were generally com-
fortable, but with head winds the time of arrival was
very imcertain. Meals were charged for at high rates —
sometimes in excess of the fare; and it was often
claimed that the skipper delayed the voyage when
there were many passengers, in order to profit at their
expense.
THE POSTAL SERVICE.
The post office system established during the Conti-
nental period was continued when the Federal Govern-
■ nient was established. This .system was based upon
an "Ordinance for Regulating the Post Office of the
United States of America," passed by the Continental
Congress, October IS, 17cS2. In 1790 there were 75
post offices and 1,875 miles of post roads; for the first
quarter of that year the receipts were S37,9.'55 and the
expenditures $32,140, wliich left a surplus of .$5,795.
The main post road ran from Wiscasset, Me., through
Boston. Springfield, Hartford, New York, Pliiladclphia,
Baltimore, Alexandria, Wilmington, and Charleston,
to Savannah. With this as a main system, crossroads
branched off, connecting the principal settlements:
but a large number of important towns, and even
entire states, had no communication by post. Many
of the post roads were marked by milestones, set up
when Franklin was Postmaster-General, to assist the
postmasters in ascertaining the postage. Indeed,
some of these milestones are still in existence.
Most of the mail was carried by stages, the Post-
master-General being instructed to favor stage lines
in awarding contracts.' The onh* portions of the main
system served by postriders were from Wisca.sset, Me.,
to Newburyport, Mass., and from Georgetown, S. C, to
Charleston, S. C. Postriders still rode, however, on
several of the crossroads.
'"The mail is now carried in Btagecoachea in which there are
generally several passengers, sometimes as many as six, and it is
supposed that many more letters go by the passengers than by the
mail ; it is to be supposed that mo.'it persons would wish to be excused
from the trouble of carr>ing these letters, and if this section pa.s.«os
they will be furnished with an excuse for not taking them; and it
appears very unreasonable and absurd that the public should pay
the proprietors of the stage,'' for transporting the mail, and in this
way be defrauded out of that revenue which they arc undoubtedly
entitled to receive." — Mr. Livermorc, of House of Representatives,
June, ITJO.
At this time there were about twenty different con-
tracts for carrying the mail, and this had a tendency to
confuse the system.* The Postmaster-General states,
in a report submitted to Congress in 1790, that "every
contractor consults his own interest as to the days and
hours of arrival and departure of the mail, without
having a due regard to the necessary connection of the
post office. A regular system of days and hours of
departure has never been established farther south-
ward than Alexandria."
The revenue of the post office at this period arose
"principally from letters passing from one seaport to
another." The amount of postage depended upon the
distance the letter was to be carried. The postage on
letters was usually collected at the place of delivery,
but the postmaster had authority to collect it at the
place of posting if he desired to do so.
In 1787 the postage on letters established in the
ordinance of 1782 was reduced 25 per cent, and the
Postmaster-General was instructed to fix such rates
for the carriage of large packages as he judged would
be most likely to induce persons to j)atronize the post.
These rates contiimcd in force until 1792.
It has been asserted bj^ many historians that news-
papers were not sent by post at this period, but the
ordinance quoted seems to make provision for them to
be so sent. Moreover, the Postmaster-General states
that "newspapers, which have hitherto passed free of
postage, circulate extensively llirough the post offices;
one or two cents upon each woidd probably amount to
as much as the expense of transporting the mail."
By a law approved February- 20, 1792, the following
rates of postage went into effect: For the postage of
every single letter — imder 30 miles, 6 cents; 30 to 60
miles, 8 cents; 60 to 100 miles, 10 cents; 100 to 150
miles, 12§ cents; 150 to 200 miles, 15 cents; 200 to 250
miles, 17 cents; 250 to 350 miles, 20 cents; 350 to 450
miles, 22 cents ; over 450 miles, 25 cents. ' ' i\jid every
double letter shall pay double the said rates; every
triple letter, triple; ever}' packet weighing one oimce
avoirdupois, to pay at the rate of four single letters for
^ "No letters from the northward or eastward of this, bearing
dale between the l.'ith and 301h of May, have come to my bands;
and having abundant evidence, before I reached Charleston, of the
slow movement of the mail, through the three southernmost states,
I did, before I left that place, on the 9th of that month, direct that
all letters which might be for and following me, be relumed to
Fredericksburg, as the first place I should touch the jmst line upon
my return. But, these directions not arriving in Richmond in
time, as I conjecture, the letters of that interval agreeably to the
superscriptions, which I am informed were on them, were forwarded
from that place to Taylor's Ferry in expectation of meeting me there.
But to this circumstance, whicfi was unknown to me, and to finding
from better information than I set out with, that it would be more
convenient to cross James river higher up than at Taylor's, is to be
ascribed my missing the communications, which were made be-
tween the \'i\\i and 30th of May, as mentioned before. These
dispatches I may be long without, and perhaps never get ; for there
are no cross posts in those parts, and the letters, which will have to
pass through manv hands, may find some who are not deficient iu
curiosity." — The \Vrilings of George Washington, Vol. XII, page 45,
POST OFFICES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1790.
THE UNITED STATES IN 1790.
25
each ounce, and in that proportion for any greater
weight."
The rate on newspapers was fixed at one cent for
carriage under 100 miles, and one and one-half cents
for a greater distance. But every printer of news-
papers was allowed to send one paper free to each and
every other printer of newspapers witiiin the United
States, subject to such regulations as the Postmaster-
General should provide. These rates continued until
1S16. The franking privilege at this time was quite
extensive, and undoubtedly made serious inroads upon
the revenue.
Postage could not be paid in paper currency; specie
alone was receivable. As the coins in the different
states varied, tiic payment was attended with some
confusion. The Postmaster-General, in his report to
Congress in 1790, states that " the postage on a single
letter from New York to Philadelphia is one penny-
weight eight grains, or sixpence two-thirds Penns\'l-
vania currency. This can not be made out in any
pieces of coin current in the United States. The
letters are charged with seven pence, which is right; for
if there must be a fraction, it ougiit always to be taken
in favor of the post office." He further stated that
the postage on letters probably averaged about fifteen
cents.
The 75 post offices which had been established up
to 1790 were distributed as follows:
Maine. — Wiscasset, Portland.
New Hampshire. — Portsmouth.
MassachiiselU. — Newburyport, Ipswich, Salem, Boston, Worces-
ter, Springfield.
Rhode Island. — Providence, Newport, East Greenwich, South
Kingstown.
Connecticut. — Hartford, Middletown, New Haven, Stratford,
Fairfield, Norwalk, Stamford, New London, Norwich.
Nciv York. — New York.
New Jersey. — Newark, Elizabeth town, Brunswick, Princeton,
Trenton.
Pennsylvania. — Bristol, Philadelphia, Chester, Lancaster, York-
town, Carlisle, Shippensburg, Chambersburg, Bedford, Pittsburg.
Delaware. — Wilmington, Duck Creek, Dover.
Maryland. — Elkton, Charlestown, Havre de Grace, Harford, Bal-
timore, Bladensburg, Georgetown, Warwick, Georgetown Cross
Roads, Chestertown, Chester Mills, Easton.
Virginia. — Alexandria, Colchester, Dumfries, Fredericksburg,
Bowling Green, Hanover Court House, Kichmond, Petersburg,
Cabinpoint, Smithfield, Suffolk, Williamsburg, Yorktown, Hamp-
ton, Norfolk.
North Carolina. — Edenton, Washington, Newbern, Wilmington.
South Carolina. — Georgetown, Charleston.
Georgia. — Savannah.
It appears from this analysis that the state of Ver-
mont, the district of Kentucky, and the Southwest
Territory (Tennessee) possessed no postal facilities
whatever; and that three states, including the promi-
nent state of New York, had but one post office each.
It is evident, however, that the postal conditions at
the date of the First Census were generally regarded as
inadequate and imsuited to the requirements of the
country. The act of 1792, which was an attempt to
effect a material improvement in the postal conditions,
resulted in the prompt increase in the number of post
offices. The number reported by the Post Office
Department in 1796 was 503.
Analysis of the geographic location of the post offices in existence in
1790.
United SUtes..
N'ew England states.
Maine
New Hampshire.
\'crrnont
.Ma-ssachusetts
lihode Island
Connecticut
Middle states.
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania..
Delaware
Southern states.
Maryland
Virginia
West Virginja
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Kentucky
Southwest Territory.
75
19
1
S
10
3
34
12
15
4
2
1
It will be observed that in 1790 just about half of
the post offices were situated in the Southern states.
An analysis of the larger number reported in 1796
shows a similar proportion, suggesting an apparent
desire on the part of the Federal Government to main-
tain equal postal facilities in the various sections of
the Republic.
INDUSTRIES.
During the period of constitutional government in
the United States the inhabitants of the Republic
have derived their support, and individuals tiiid com-
munities have accumulated wealth, principally from
three main classes of industries — agriculture, manu-
factures, and mining. To these should be added the
fisheries, and also commerce — both interstate and
foreign ; the last-named class, however, depends largely
upon the products of the other callings.
The conditions which prevailed in 1790 in connec-
tion with each of these great industries were the be-
ginnings of the operations which, steadily increasing
in magnitude during the nineteenth centurj^ have
attained proportions that have attracted the attention
and admiration of other nations.
Problems which were confronted at that period in
connection with marketing foodstuffs and merchan-
dise were entirely different from those which prevailed
after the lapse of a few decades. In the interior,
laborious journeys by horse or in stage or wagon,
along newly broken highways, formed the solo means
of communication by land. Water transportation was
afforded by sailing vessels making trips which were
usually without schedule and almost alwaj's uncertain.
Hence, each state depended principally upon its own
26
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
products not only for food, but for most of the other
requirements of its communities.
Merchandise and produce that could not stand a freight charge
of $15 per ton could not be carried overland to a consumer 150 miles
from the point of production; as roads were, a distance of 50 miles
h-om market often made industrial independence expedient. WTiere
the produce of the farms could not be sold, where wood and lumber
were not marketable, the people had no resource but to raise their
own wool and flax, and spin and weave and make their own clothing.
Other crafts felt these influences, although the working of wood and
metals and leather fell to skilled artisans in the villages rather than
to the household. The local store had a small traflic in articles that
could not be produced, and in luxuries. Salt fish was widely dis-
tributed; rum went everywhere; salt was a universal necessity;
tools and utensils and furniture were imported; a few articles of
dress carried the style of the city to the hamlet, so insignificant
was the traffic uniting the country town to the great world.'
In all callings the changes which have been in prog-
ress from 1790 to 1900 have been in the direction of
the utihzation of the services of others and the em-
ployment of labor saving machinery to incfease prod-
uct and the profit of the employer. These changes
have been particularly marked in connection with
manufacturing and mining enterprises. In commerce —
a calling in which the services of others were freely
employed at the close of the eighteenth century — the
change in this particidar has been much less pro-
nounced.
Although the commerce of the United States has
assumed enormous proportions during the century or
more which has elapsed since 1790, the greatest de-
velopment of the nation has been in the three main
classes of occupations — agriculture, manufactures, and
mining. In fact, analysis of the population statis-
tics of the United States in 1900 shows that of the
30,000,000 persons engaged in gainful occupations,
approximately 20,100,000, or 67 per cent, claimed
some connection with one of these three classes.
It is unfortunate that tliere are no industrial statis-
tics for 1790. It is possible, however, to sketch with
some degree of accuracy the relative importance to the
community of each of the industries mentioned as a
source of subsistence and wealth.
Agriculture. — The economic conditions wliich pre-
vailed in 1790 present a marked contrast with those
which have developed since and wliich prevailed univer-
sally in 1900. In 1900 the proportion of those engaged
in agriculture was ordy about one-tliird of all persons
gainfully employed. At the close of the eighteenth
century the greater part of the inhabitants of the
United States derived their support from this industry.
It is probable that nine out of every ten breadwinners
were engaged in some form of agriculture during the
greater part of the year; indeed, in the Southern states
the proportion was somewhat larger.
Horses, cattle, and swine, in numbers proportionate
to the needs of the population, were raised in every
'Wilbert Lee Anderson: The Country Town, page 20.
State. Sheep were raised principally in the New Eng-
land and Middle states. The principal wheat pro-
ducing state was Pennsylvania. The staple crop of
Maryland, Virginia, and North CaroUna was tobacco,
and that of South Carohna was rice. Cotton was
but little cultivated. Some hemp and flax were
raised in the New England and Middle states.
The more thrifty and capable citizens engaged in
agriculture in 1790 were doubtless obtaining a modest
return, but it is unhkely that any large fortunes were
being amassed from distinctly agricultural operations.
In the South, it is true, some planters owned very large
plantations and large numbers of slaves; but it is
probable that few individuals had acquired great
wealth. In the North slave labor was unprofitable
for numerous reasons; thus it came about that in the
Northern states nearly every farmer tilled liis own land,
and, not being able to secure labor when he wanted
it, was unable to accumulate wealth by utihzing sys-
tematically the services of others.
Manufactures. — During the Colonial period the
mother country had discouraged the ambitions of
the colonists in the direction of manufactures. At
that time Great Britain was upon the threshold of the
extraordinary industrial activity which developed dur-
ing the nineteenth century; it was obviously to her
advantage to prevent the colonies from securing inde-
pendence in manufactures, in order to maintain and
extend the market for her own products. During the
Kevolution this source of supply was suddenly cut off,
and under the pressure of necessity many manufac-
turing enterprises sprang up in the rebelhous colonies.
Upon the conclusion of peace in 1783, however, the
EngUsh manufacturers flooded the American market
with their manufactured products. Tliis state of.
affairs for a time embarrassed and discouraged native
manufacturers.
At the period under consideration manufactures in
the United States consisted almost entirely of neigh-
borhood industries, or hand trades. The modern
factory system, involving division of labor and the
employment of labor saving macliinery, was prac-
tically unknown. In several of the shoe shops of
Lynn and other New England cities, some division of ,
labor had been introduced, but for the most part each I
workman made an entire shoe. Practically the same
conditions obtained in other branches of manufacture.
In January, 1790, when President Washington de-
hvered his first annual message to Congress, he was
clad in a suit made of broadcloth woven at Hartford,
Conn. In this message the subject of the promotion
of manufactures in the young Repubhc was com-
mended to the attention of Congress, and in pursuance
of tliis suggestion Congress requested the Secretary of
the Treasury to prepare a report upon the state of
manufacturing industries, in order to render the United
States industrially independent of other nations, so
THE UNITED STATES IX 1790.
27
far as practicable. In accordance ^vith this request
Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, in the
following year (1791) submitted to Congress a report
which added materially to his reputation as a states-
man. This report was twice reprinted by order of
Congress.
Already the ingenuity of the citizens of the United
States had created, here and there in the New England
and Middle states, infant industries which subsequently
developed far beyond the dreams of that period.
Indeed, the number of specific industries noted as in
existence in 1790 was more than double the number of
those which were known to have existed prior to the
Revolution.
ilr. Tench Coxe, the Assistant Secretary of the
Treasury, estimated the value of manufactures in the
United States in 1790 at more than .$20,000,000.
Three years later he reported that the value of manu-
factures was, in his opinion, double the value of the
exports of native commodities, and much greater than
the value of all imports.'
A large proportion of the manufactured goods in-
cluded by Secretary Hamilton and Mr. Coxe was pro-
duced in households. In many villages and upon
farms, during periods of the year in which their services
were not actively required in agricultural pursuits, en-
tire families devoted their time to spinning, weaving,
and making up coarse cloths. It was estimated that in
many locaHties from two-thirds to four-fiftlis of the
clothing of the inhabitants was made by themselves.
The primary demand for such products was of course
domestic, but a large surplus found its way into the
markets.
The textile industry had made but a small beginning
in 1790. Because of competition with the factory
product of England, where the making of textiles had
already reached a high degree of perfection, the prog-
ress of the manufacturers in the young Republic was
slow and discouraging. A cotton mill was established
at Beverly, Mass., in 1787, but did not long survive.
In Rhode Island, however, Samuel Slater, who had
emigrated from England, constructed at Pawtucket a
factory with macliinery on the English plan. This es-
tablishment was a success from the outset, and formed
the first successful cotton mill in the United States.
Thereafter the growth of textile industries was steadily
away from household toward factory product.
In 1790 the shipbuilding industry had attained con-
siderable proportions. The success of this industry
was, in large measure, due to the facilities for the con-
struction of vessels and ships of all sizes, resulting from
excellent harbors, with timber growing to the water's
edge. Mr. Coxe observed in 179.3 that the shipbuilding
industry in the United States had growTi more rapidly
in 1792 than in any prior j'ear since the settlement of
the country. Generally speaking, shipbuilding had
' First Century of the Republic (Harper'a), page 161.
never been better understood and had never been
carried to greater perfection, than at that period and
in the early decades of the nineteenth century.
Manufactures of iron, also, were of considerable im-
portance. In 1790 this industry centered in the Mid-
dle states and Virginia, though considerable quantities
of manufactured iron were produced in Massachusetts,
where in 1784 there were 70 iron works — most of which,
however, were small. In a debate in the House of
Representati%es in the First Congress, while a tariff
upon spikes, nails, etc., was under consideration, Rep-
resentative Ames, of Massachusetts, said : "This manu-
facture, with very little encouragement, has grown up
remarkably. It has become common for the country
people in Massachusetts to erect small forges in their
chimney comers, and in winter, and on evenings when
little other work can be done, great quantities of nails
are made, even by chiklren. These people take the
rod iron of the merchant and return him the nails, and
in consequence of this easy mode of barter the manu-
facture is prodigiously great. These advantages are
not exclusively in the hands of the people of Massa-
chusetts. The business might be prosecuteil in a simi-
lar manner in every state exerting equal industry."
Paper making was pursued extensively in several of
the states. In 1790 there were 53 paper mills witlun
range of the Philadelphia market. In the First Con-
gress it was stated in debate that the paper mills of
Pennsylvania produced annually 70,000 reams of vari-
ous kinds of paper, which competed favorably ^^•ith
the imported product.
Glass was manufactured in consiilerable quantities
in several of the states, among wliich Virginia was
prominent. The manufacture of boots and shoes, the
curing and dressing of fish, the production of soap, of
tobacco products, and of various articles of necessity,
utility, or comfort were well under way. But at that
period little or nothing was manufactured in the
United States solely for luxury or elegance.
Mining. — At the close of the eighteenth century the
mineral resources of the United States, as thej* are
known to-day and have been known for many years,
were practically unsuspected. Probably no section of
tlie continent is richer in mineral resources than that
including Pennsylvania, West Mrginia, and portions
of contiguous states; yet the inhabitants of the United
States in 1790 had no loiowledge of the great natural
wealth of these areas. The existence of petroleum in
Pennsylvania and of extensive deposits of coal and iron
in that state and in Virginia was kno^vn, and iron
works were numerous in many states ; but little of the
coal was mined, and the use and value of petroleum
were unknowTi.
This ignorance concerning the mineral resources of
the country, however; is not surprising; the territory
containing the greatest mineral wealth was either
thinly settled or an unexplored wilderness. Nor is it
siu-prising that the mineral resources known to exist
28
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
were not developed. Mining operations as understood
to-day were unkno\\Ti,and the mining and treatment of
ores was conducted in the most primitive fashion. The
steam engine had not yet become the servant of the
miner, either at the mine or upon rails. Indeed, the
cost of transportation was so great that mining was
improfitahle unless conducted near large cities or
waterways.
Coal was consumed in the United States in very
small quantities. Ignorant of the vast stores of this
mineral which underlie entire counties, those who re-
quired coal imported it. The quantity brought into
the coimtry during the year ending September .30, 1790,
was 183,677 bushels. But bituminous coal was being
mined at Spottsylvania, in the Richmond basin, in Vir-'
srinia, and bv 17S9 some of this found its wav into the
northern markets; in 1789 Virginia coal sold in Phila-
delphia at Is. 6d. a bushel. Bituminous coal was
mined, or rather shoveled, from the earth, also, in the
Pittsburg district in Pennsylvania; but none of this
found its way across the mountains. Seams of anthra-
cite had been discovered at Wilkes-Barre, Plymouth,
Kingston, and Exeter, in Luzerne county, and at sev-
eral places in Schuylkill county. Pa., and along the
Hudson river, in New York. Some smiths are said to
have used this material in their forges, but the value
of anthracite as a fuel was practically unknown.' A
newspaper of the time stated that these seams might
some day become valuable on accovmt of the possible
existence of fossils embedded in them.
Iron ore was mined in the American colonies as
early as the seventeenth century. Practically all of the
American product was made with charcoal. In 1790
the production of iron in this country appeared to be
fully equal to the consumption. The exports of pig
iron in that year amounted to 3,555 tons.
Iron was mined in nearly every state. Bog and
pond ores were obtained in eastern Massachusetts;
rich iron ore was minetl at Cumberland Hill, R. I., at
Lime Rock and other places in Connecticut, in Orange
county, N. Y., and in many places in New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia.
Morris county, N. J., was particularly prominent in
the production of iron. Mr. J. M. Swank quotes from
Jedediah Morse the following record of iron enterprises
which were in existence in New Jersey between 1790
and 1795:
The iron manufactories are, of all others, the greatest source of
wealth to the state. Iron works are erected in Gloucester, Bur-
lington, Morris, and other counties. The mountains in the county
of Morris give rise to a number of streams necessary and convenient
for these works, and at the same time furnish a copious supply of
wood and ore of a superior quality. In this county alone are no less
than seven rich iron mines, from which might be taken ore suffi-
■ "In 1812 Col. George Shoemaker, of Pottsville, Pa., loaded nine
wagons with coal from his mines at Centreville and hauled it to
Philadelphia, where with great difficulty he sold two loads at the
cost of transportation and gave the other seven loads away. He was
by many regarded as an impostor for attempting to sell stone as
coal." — /. M. Swank: Iron tn All Ages, page 474.
cient to supply the United States; and to work it into iron, are two
furnaces, two rolling and slitting mills, and about thirty forges,
containing from two to four fires each. These works produce annu-
ally about 540 tons of bar iron, 800 tons of pigs, besides large quan-
tities of hollow ware, sheet iron, and nail rods. In the whole state
it is supposed there is yearly made about 1,200 tons of bar iron, 1,200
ditto of pigs, 80 ditto of nail rods, exclusive of hollow ware and va-
rious other castings, of which vast quantities are made. Steel was
manufactured at Trenton in time of the war, but not considerably
since. -
In Pennsylvania rich deposits of iron were known
to exist in at least 11 of the 22 counties, and consider-
able quantities of pig iron were produced in Berks,
Chester, Dauphin, Franklin, Lancaster, Mifflin, and
Washington counties.
In "Notes on the State of Virginia," written in 1781
and 1782, Thomas Jeflferson mentioned several iron
mines on the south side of the James river and at other
places in the state, and estimated the annual output
of the mines of that state at approximately 5,000 tons.
Lead was found in Herkimer county, N. Y., and in
the moimtains of Virginia, but the quantity produced
was small. The area wliich is now southwestern Mis-
souri, but which in 1790 was not a part of the United
States, contained lead mines of considerable impor-
tance at that period ; from about the middle of the
eighteenth century to the year 1800 the output of these
mines is said to have aggregated 8,000 tons.
Several attempts had been made to mine gold, sil-
ver, and copper in different states; but for the most
part they were financial failures and were soon aban-
doned. Copper mines in Connecticut, New Jersey,
and Maryland had been worked intermittently during
the eighteenth century; but none were in operation
in 1790, with the possible exception of one at Belle-
ville, N. J.
Montgomery county, N. Y., supplied small amounts
of sulphur, and caves of Virginia considerable quan-
tities of saltpeter.
Fisheries.— In 1790 the United States had 539 ves-
sels and 3,287 seamen engaged in the cod fishery, all
in Massachusetts — Marblehead and Gloucester being
the leading towns in this industry.
The whaling industry, also, was confined almost en-
tirely to Massachusetts. Whaling operations were
carried on principally in the waters of the North At-
lantic, as far as Greenland. The sperm whale of the
South Atlantic was but little hunted at this period.
It was not, indeed, imtil a few j^ears later that the
whaling industry assumed large proportions.
Only about 40 whaling vessels were fitted out each
year, most of them from Dartmouth (which then in-
cluded New Bedford), Wellflcet and other Cape Cod
ports, and Nantucket. Probably less than 1,000 sea-
men were employed; but the industry gave rise to
dependent industries, which afforded employment to
a considerable number in addition.
-J. M. Swank, Iron in All Ages, page 162.
THE UNITED STATES IN 1790.
29
The cod and whale fisheries represented almost the
whole fishing industry in 1790, though herring were
caught on the New England coast, and oysters were
gathered in the South for local consumption.
The total tonnage of the fishing vessels of each state
is given in Table 5, on page 30.
Commerce. — Attention has already been called to the
fact that by 1790 the shipbuilding industry had
attained considerable proportions in the United States.
At first the ships constructed wore disposed of in
England. In time, however, the colonies awoke to
the possibilities of profitable trade, and a maritime
class arose, bringing about an extensive interchange
of products between the inhabitants of North America
and those of other lands.
In 1790 commerce offered the most promising field
for the profitable investment of capital, and was the
chief outlet for business ability and capacity. It also
affordeil the ])rincipal opportunity for the accumu-
lation of great indivndual wealth. John Jacob Astor
had already acquired, in the fur trade, a fortune
(amounting to 81,000,000) of great magnitude for
that period. In all the large seaboard towns were to
be found merchants who owned vessels plying to
foreign ports. In these ships they transported mer-
chandise, either on their own account or on that of
others. Many of the merchants in Boston, New
York, and Philadelphia had amassed fortunes which
enabled them to live in a style of luxury and elegance ;
John Hancock, of Boston, and Stephen Girard, of
Philadelphia, were examples of this class of citizens.
The prosperity of the mercantile and commercial in-
terests of the colonies had not been viewed with favor
in England. Many restrictions were placed by the
British Government upon the commerce of the col-
onies. But in the face of these restrictions — many of
which were often disregarded — the colonies had suc-
ceeded in maintaining a considerable commerce up to
the beginning of the Revolutionary War. This con-
test brought disaster to the commercial interests of the
country, especially to the commercial state of Rhode
Island and to many ports in other New England states.
After tiie conclusion of peace, the volume of commerce
grew rapidly, but the centers of commercial prosperity
did not continue the same as thej^ were before the war.
By the close of the eighteenth century the com-
merce of the young Republic had greatly increased.
American vessels had pushed to the Orient and to the
coasts of Africa, and had established a profitable trade
with tho.se regions.
The following extract affords an idea of the com-
mercial activities of the time:
Our public papers vaunt the magnificence of the European
nations, who make discoveries and voyages round the world; the
Americans do the same thing; but they boast not of their exploits
with 80 much emphasis. In September, 1790, the ship Columbia,
Captain Gray, sailed to discover the northwest of this continent;
this is his second voyage round the world; the brig Hope has sailed
for the same object. Our papers have resounded with the quarrels
of the English and Spaniards for the commerce of Nootka Sound.
The Americans make no quarrels; but they have already made a
considerable commerce on the same coast in furs and peltry. They
were there trading in the year 1789, in good intelligence with both
parties. In the same year no less than forty-four vciwels were sent
from the single town of Boston to the northwest of .\nierifa, to India,
and to China. They bound not their hopes here; they expect, one
day, to open a communication more direct to Nootka Sound. It is
probable that this place is not far from the headwater of the Missis-
sippi; which the Americans will soon navigate to its source, when
they shall begin to people Louisiana and the interior of New
Mexico.'
According to American State Papers, the imports
into and exports from the United States for the fiscal
year ending September 30, 1790, were each valued at
a little over §20,000,000, or about 85 per capita. Ex-
ports to the value of .Sr),«!S8,97S.50 were sent to Great
Britain and Ireland; to the value of 82,077,757.50, to
the British West Indies ; and to the value of $3,284,656,
to the French West Indies.
The principal imports into the country subject to
dutj'^ during the same period, in order of value, were
distilled spirits, wines, molasses, sugar, cofi'ee, tea,
salt, nails and spikes, steel (unwrought), candles,
cheese, and soap.
The principal articles of export for that year, ar-
ranged according to value, were Hour, tobacco, rice,
wheat, corn, dried fish, potash, indigo, staves and
heading, horses, meal, beef, and boards.
The changes in the value of ftireign commerce be-
tween 1790 and 1907 are indicated in the following
table:
IMPORTS.
EXPORTS.
YEAR.
Total.
Per
capita.
Total.
Per
capita.
1790'
»$20.000.000
1,434,«1,425
»5.09
1G.S5
>$20.205,!56
1,880.851,078
tS. 14
1907
21.60
' August. 1789. to Soplemher 30, 1790.
• The value of Imports subject to ad valorem duties was $15,388,409.11. The
American Stale Papers do not plve the value of those which were subject to specific
duties and those wliich were free, but responsible historians have stated that the
value of the total iniporls for 1790 w;is sliRhtly in e.wess of t20.000.0e0.
• Tench Coxe, the Assisiant Secretary of the Treasury under Washington, Id
making his report on the value of the exports for the fiscal year 1790, says: "In
addition to tlie foregoing, a consideral>ie numljer of pacliages'have been exported
from the United States, the value of which, being omitted in the returns from the
custom-houses, couid not be introduced into this abstract."
It will be observed that the changes in per capita
averages in a century amounted to a threefoUl increase
in imports and more than a fourfold increase in
exports.
The following data as to the tonnage of .American
and foreign vessels entering the ports of the United
States in 1790 are taken from Burnaby's Travels:*
'M. de VVarville, Travels in North America, 1791.
^ Bi'rnaby's Travels through North Americja, third edition, Ap-
pendix No. 2.
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
30
T.BiE 5 -TONNAGE OP VESSELS WHICH ENTERED THE PORTS OF THE UNITED STATES DURING THE YEAR
ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1790, BY STATE OF ENTRY.
United States.
New Hampshire.
Massac liusetts...
Rhode Island'...
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Maryland
Principal ports.
Portsmouth
Boston, Salem
Newport
New Haven, New London.
New York
Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Virpnia Norfolk. .Alexandria
XTrtrfh r'Qr/^IinQ2 Wilmington. Npwbp
North Carolina
South Carolina'
Georgia
Wilmington, Newbern.
Charleston
Savannah
TONNAGE OF VESSELS B ELONGING TO—
766,091
17,011
197,368
9,842
33, 173
92,114
5,861
109,918
5,924
88.255
103,893
35, 126
40. 361
27,245
United States.
Total.
502,526
13,519
177,022
9.526
30,617
48, 274
5.614
66, 997
4,142
55,431
43.529
29,941
17.380
10, 634
Vessels in
the over-sea
trade.
Coasting
vessels of
over 20 tons.
363,093
11, 376
99, 123
7,062
24,287
42, 071
2,085
50, 942
2,681
39.272
33, 500
24,218
10.872
9,544
113,181
Fishing
vessels.
26,252
473
24,826
838
United
States
with some
foreign
country.
Foreign countries.
Total.
202, 914
3,492
20, 346
316
2,556
43,840
347
52,270
1,782
32,824
60.364
5,185
22, 981
16,611
Great
Britain and
Ireland
225,495
3,459
19,493
96
2,556
36, 917
267
42,604
1,782
23, 340
56,273
4,942
18,725
15,041
All other.
37,419
33
853
220
6,923
80
9,666
9,484
4,091
243
4,256
1,570
1 Returns from June 21, 1790.
- Returns from March 11, 1790.
' Returns for Charleston are for three-fourths of the year only.
The ports of Massachusetts show a larger total
tonnage and also a larger tonnage of linited States
vessels (both over-sea and coastwise) than those of
any other state; and to this large proportion should
be added nearly all the vessels engaged in the fisheries.
The countries owning the foreign vessels for which
the tonnage is included in Table 5, and the tonnage
brought in the vessels of the different countries,
arranged in the order of their importance, were as
follows :
All foreign countries
Great Britain
Ireland
France
Netherlands
Spain
Portugal
Denmark
Germany
Prussia
Sweden
Total
tonnage.
262,914
222, 347
3,148
13, 435
8,815
8,551
2,925
1,619
1,369
394
311
Most of the imports and exports were landed in or
sent from a few ports. The most important of these
were Salem, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Balti-
more, and Charleston. About one-fifth of the value
of imports was landed in New York, while about one-
third of that of exports was shipped from Philadel-
phia.
Salem was the headquarters for the Pacific ocean
and East Indian trade. More than forty ships were
employed in this trade, principally from that port.
The exports were ginseng, shipped direct to China,
and beef, pork, flour, and wheat, generally disposed of
at intermediate ports, on the outward passage.
From Boston the principal articles of export were
rum, potash, pea'rlash, lumber, fish, and the products
of the fisheries, particularly whale oil, whalebone,
soap, and candles. Rum was sent everywhere, but
principally to Africa and its islands; most of the
potash and pearlash, to Great Britain; lumber, prin-
cipally to Great Britain and the West Indies; dried
and pickled fish, to the French and Dutch West
Indies; and whale oil, principally to France.
The shipping from Newport, New Haven, and New
London was carried on principally with the West
Indies, and was not extensive. The exports were
lumber, live stock, grain, and other farm produce.
From New Haven occasional cargoes of flaxseed were
sent to Ireland.
Much of the commerce of New York was carried on
with the West Indies. The princij^al exports from
this city were wheat, flour, lumber, beef, pork, and
live stock.
The exports from Philadelphia exceeded in value
those from any other port, largely because of the
great quantities of flour and wheat exported. The
West Indies afforded the principal market for flour,
most of which was carried in American bottoms;
Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal consumed
the greater part of that sent to Europe. Nearly aU
of the wheat was sent to Europe. Other important
exports were Indian corn, meal, live stock, beef, and
pork.
The chief exports from Baltimore were tobacco, In-
dian corn, wheat, and flour. The tobacco trade was
conducted principally by foreign agents, with European
capital, and largely in foreign shipping; most of
the tobacco was sent to Great Britain and Holland.
Wheat went in large quantities, in foreign vessels, to
Spain and Portugal. Indian corn went chiefly to
Portugal, though much of the corn was sent in
American craft to the Eastern and Southern states.
Charleston was by far the most important port of
the South. The foreign commerce was large, and
I
THE UNITED STATES IN 1790.
31
about three-fifths of it was carried in foreign vessels.
From Charleston was sent nearly all the rice and indigo
exported. Great Britain, Germany, Holland, France,
and the West Indies took most of tiie rice, and Great
Britain and Holland nearly all the indigo. Other
exports were tar, pilch, turpentine, tobacco, lumber,
and cotton.
The exports from Savannah were much the same
as those from Charleston, and were carried principally
in foreign vessels.
The following table, from American State Papers,
shows whence the incoming tonnage came. The data
do not agree with those showni in Table .5 — Burnaby's
table having been compiled later, and probably from
revised figures.
Table 6.— TONNAGE OF VESSELS WHICH ENTERED THE PORTS OP THE UNITED STATES DURING THE YEAR'
ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1790, CL.\SSIFIED ACCORDING TO COUNTRY BY WHICH OWNED AND TRADE IX
WHICH EMPLOYED.
Total
tonnage.
TONNAGE IS OVER-SEA TBADE, FROM PORTS rS—
TONNAGE or COASTER.S.
Tonnage
of foreign
AU
foreign
coim tries.
Europe
and its
islands.^
Asia
and its
islands.'
Africa
and its
islands.','
Foreign America.
Total.
Licensed.
Un-
licensed.
vessels (in-
cluded in
the fore-
going) from
pons into
which ves-
sels of the
United
States are
not ad-
mitted.
OWNED BY—
South of the
United States.
North
of the
United
States.
West All
Indies, j other.
726,561
542,962
240,485
4,842
384
0K& 7M A ttsto
23,884
183,599
113,181
70,418
115,428
Unit<?d States
457, iiiS
964
268,129
287,016
964
254,382
113,203
964
126,318
4,667
305
167,400
• 281
1,760
169,852
113,181
50,671
United States with some foreign country. .
Foreign countries
175
79
101,335
4,351
22,124
13,747
13,747
115,428
United Kingdom
229,893
226,747
3,146
13,802
6,941
8,772
2,850
2,416
1,948
394
311
802
220,116
217,183
2,933
11,875
6,332
8,582
2,850
1,749
1,948
103,993
101,605
2,388
7,512
4,568
3,996
2,432
1,067
1,948
92,876
92,331
545
4,075
1,764
1,565
245
682
1,260
1,260
21,987
21,987
9,777
9,564
213
1,927
609
190
9,777
9,564
213
1,927
609
190
110,952
110,407
Great Britain
Ireland
France
175
79
34
34
Netherlands
Spain
2,918
173
103
4,269
Portugal
Denmark
667
667
Hanse towns
Prussia
394
183
394
183
Sweden
128
802
128
All other
802
1
' Returns for North Carolina, from March U, 1790; those for Rhode Island, from June 21. 1790.
» Madeira, Canary, and Cape Verde islands are included with Europe, instead of with .\ frica.
> Cape of Oood Hope and islands of Bourbon, Mauritius, and St. Helena are Included with Asia, Instead of with Africa.
The countries show^l in the foregoing table as owners
of the foreign shipping are the same, and are in the same
order, as those given in the tabular statement on page
30, except that Germany in the statement mentioned
is replaced hj the Hanse towns in Table 6. Of the
over-sea commerce of 542,962 tons, more than half was
carried in ships belonging to the United States (most
of them being owned in Massachusetts), and the bulk
of the remainder in British vessels. Nearly one-half
of the imports from Europe were brought in vessels
belonging to the United States.
Particularly noticeable is the fact that nearly one-
half of all imports were from the West Indie.>^, and that
much more than one-half of the West Indian imports
were brought in vessels belonging to the United States,
chiefly from the French West Indies. Most of the
remauider was brought in British vessels, from British
West Indian ports into which the ships of the United
States were not allowed to enter; it was in consequence
of this fact that in 1790 measures were being agitated
in Congress with a view to discriminating duties on
cargoes of British vessels.
EDUCATION.
In all of the Northern states, laws were in force in
1790 which provided for the education of children in
the rudiments of knowledge. In New England nearly
everj-one possessed a common school education, and a
person of mature years who could not read and write
was rarely to be found. Every Massachusetts town
having 50 householders or more was required to main-
tain a schoolmaster to teach children and youth to
read and write; and eveiy town that had 100 families
was required to maintain a grammar school.'
In the Middle states there were fewer state laws
relating to compulsoiy education, but public schools
were common. There were verj' few freebom illiter-
ates in these states. In Pennsylvania and parts of
New Jersey there were large numbers of GermaiLs, and
in isolated localities the German language was in coiu-
' " A few academics with limited resources prepared lads for Har-
vard or Yale. The preat body of the people were educated in the
district school, two months in the winter by a man, two months in
summer by a woman. The three R's were taught there by a poor
scholar generally, or by a youth who was earning means to complete
his own education. The range of books was verv limited. Stout old
Ezekiel Cheever's Latin Accidence had held the ground during
the century for the upper class of pupils. Noah Webster's spelling
book was just coming into use, with Webster's Selections, Morse's
Geography, and the Youth 'sPrecei)tor. The Bible was the ground-
work of all reading. The helps to the pupils being few in compari-
son with modern resources and methods, the self-help and reliance
developed by this crude system of education was something remark-
able. This appeared in average characters and ordinary minds." —
Weeden: Economicand Social IJislory of ^'ew England, 16iiO-17S9, Vol.
II, page 861.
32
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
mon use and was taught in the schools. It would
appear, however, that tlie literacy was quite as high
among the Germans as among the English.
In the Southern states there were but few free public
schools, because of the dispersed situation of the in-
hal)itants; and in the larger to\\-ns there were but few
academies. Education was confined largely to the
wealthier classes. Wealthy men were accustomed to
send their sons to the colleges in the Northern states or
to Europe to complete their education. In the thinly
settled western sections a large proportion of the peo-
ple were illiterate. Among the slaves, illiteracy was
almost the universal condition.
Higher education in the United States in 1790 con-
sisted largely in the study of the classics. The gradu-
ating classes of 1789 in all the colleges aggregated only
about 170. The following list shows the most im-
portant colleges and universities in the United States
in 1790, and in most instances gives the approximate
number of students.
INSTITUTION.
Dartmouth College
Harvard I'nivorsity
Ehodc Island College (Brown Uni-
versity).
Yale College
Columbia College
Nassau Hall (I'rinceton University).
Queens (Rutgers) College
University of Pennsylvania
Dickinson College. . ."
Franklin College
Washington College
St. Johns College
Georgetow-n Uni versity
William and Mary College
Location.
Hanover, N. H
Cambridge, Mass
Providence, R. 1
New naven. Conn
New York, N. Y
I'rinceton, N. J
Brunswick, N.J
I'hiladelphia, Pa
Carlisle, Fa
Lancaster, Pa
Chestertown, Md
Annapolis, Md
Georgetown, Md
Williamsburg, Va
Date of
found-
ing.
1769
1U30
1764
1700
1754
1746
17C6
1740
1783
1787
17S2
1784
178»
1693
Students
in 1790.
152.
120 to 150.
About GO.
150 to 250,
30 to 40.
About 70.
30 to 40.
About SO.
About 30.
Law, theology, and medicine were about the only
professions in the United States in 1790. New
England was the seat of learning in law and theology ;
and Philadelphia — through the influence of Frank-
lin— in medicine ' and science. Some of the colleges
doubtless offered professional courses; but there were
only two medical schools in the country, and no
regular school of law. At that period it was custom-
ary to acquire a professional education by a period
' "The physician had not then become the priest and natural con-
fessor of the American household, as he is to-day; but he was of
great importance in the social system. His education through
books was scanty, judged by modern standards, while a large
knowledge of human kind drawn from direct observation served
to bring him into close accord with his patients. Apothecaries
were hardly known outside the largest towns; for the doctors'
saddlebags carried the simple pharmacy to the remotest hut.
Cheerfully those public servants toiled over the hardest roads, in
every season and in all weather, to attend rich and poor alike; 'the
country doctor could not choose his patients if ho would. A rigid
standard of custom gave his services to all who needed them, fees
being hardly considered when anyone needed medical attendance.
"The fees were very modest. Even in Boston, prior to 1782, the
ordinary visit was charged at 1 shilling 6 pence to 2 shillings.
Half a dollar was only charged 'such as were in high life.' In
that year a club of the leading physicians fixed the common fee at
50 cents, in consultation at $1. Night visits were doubled; mid-
wifery was at $8; capital operations in surgery, at £,5 lawful money;
medicines were charged at very high prices, comparatively."—
Weeden: Economic and Social History of New Enqland 16iiO-nS9
Vol. II, page 86.1.
of study in the office of some one who had become
eminent in law or medicine, as the case might be.
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS.
The newspapers and periodicals known to have
been published in the United States during some part
of the year 1790 number 103. This number com-
prises those publications which are fully authenticated,
and of which a complete list will be foimd on page
33. It is believed to include all publications issued in
several of the states, and the more influential and im-
portant newspapers and periodicals published in the
remaining states. The list, however, is probably in-
complete. It is not to be dotibted that there were a
considerable number of publications of which, after
the lapse of more than a century, all record has van-
ished. In some instances, indeed, references are made
by local historians to publications which were evi-
dently in existence in 1790, but of which no further
trace can be found.
The following table analyzes, by period of issue,
the publications in each state in 1790:
Newspapers and periodicals published in Ihe United States in 1790,
classified by period of issue.
STATE.
s
a
>>
J
3
1
g
a
a
o
B
(5
d
o
s
a
United States .
103
8
12
73
6
1
3
New England states
37
3
32
2
Maine
2
6
2
14
4
9
42
2
5
2
10
4
9
22
1
2
2
7
0
4
I
2
14
3
23
2
24
3
4
4
2
14
2
19
1
......
......
2
Pennsylvania
4
2
1
3
1
Maryland
9
9
1
2
2
1
2
7
9
Nortn Carolina
1
South Carolina
1
1
2
1
Of the 103 publications reported, 96 were news-
papers and 7 were periodicals. More than one-third
of the whole number were published in New England,
and two-fifths in the Middle states. Most of the
newspapers published south of the Potomac are
credited to Maryland and Virginia.
An examination of the proportions of daily, semi-
weekly, weekly, and montlily publications in 1790
naturally suggests the following comparison with the
corresponding j^roportions of the ijnmense volume of
publications issued in 1900. The most striking fact
revealed by this comparison is the growth of the daily
•
THE UNITED STATES IN 1790.
83
paper and the monthly periodical at the expense of
weekly and semiweekly papers.
PERIOD or ISSUE.
1790
1900
Daily
7.8
13.6
68.9
5.8
3.9
13.2
2.5
Weekly
34.9
34.6
All other
14.8
In 1790 the contents of newspapers were chiefly
advertisements, notices of auction sales, sliipping
news, short clippings from papers in other states,
letters from places in the West and from the West
India Islands, ami extracts from Eurojiean news-
papers. There were also a few broad jokes and
anecdotes scattered tliroujjh the pages. Events of
local interest were .seklom published, and etlitorial
remarks were few in number, although sometimes
vigorous in expression.
During the sessions of Congress the debates were
published at length in all the daily papers, and impor-
tant bills were given in full, even to the signatures of
the President and Vice-President. But there were
no news collecting agencies, and little of the news
pubUshed seems to have come to the knowledge of
the editors through any systematic efforts of their
own. Very few, if any, of the papers had correspond-
ents in different sections of the country.
The weekly paper was in man}' cases the only
outlet for literary activity. There were long dis- '
quisitions on religious and political topics, and essays
after the manner of the Spectator were frecjuent.
There were also numerous communications from
local ^\Titers. These were never signe<l by the WTitcr,
but with some such classical pseudonym as Publicola,
Nestor, or Cicero; they usually abounded in classical
allusions and quotations, and were on all subjects —
religion, p(jlitic.s, law, medicine, and morals.
In no instance was the circulation of a newspaper
published in 1790 very large; it probably did not ex-
ceed 1 ,000 copies per issue in the case of the most pros-
perous publication. In 1789 not less than 30,000
copies of newspapers were printed everj^ week in New
England; ' they circulated in almost every town and
village.
Newspajiers were usually distributed by newsboys,
or by postboys who made long trips through the rural
districts on horseback, performing other errands along
their routes. Drivers of stagecoaches sometimes re-
ceived subscriptions for papers, and distributed them
on regular trips.
Some of the newspapers published in 1790 have sur-
vived to the present time; but most of tliose which are
still published are issued under names wiiich have been
partially or completely ciianged, and some have been
mergetl in other publications.
' Gazetteer of the United States, Jedediab Morse.
Newspapers and periodicals published in 1790.
rUCE OF PUBUCATIOS AND TITLE
IN 1790.
Period or issue
in 1790.
Date when
established.
First publisher.
Publisher in 1790.
Remarks.
Portland:
The Cumberland Gazette.
Gazette of Maine.
N'cw-
XEW HAMPSIIIKE.
Concord:
The Concord Herald and
hampshire Intelligencer.
Dover: I
Political and Sentimental Reposi- i
tory, or Straflord Recorder. |
Ejtetcr: 1
New Hampshire Gazetteer
Kecne:
The New Hampshire Recorder and
the Weekly .Vdvcrtiser.
Portsmouth:
The New-Hampshire Gazette, and
the General Advertiser.
Osborne's New Hampshire Spy.,
VERMONT.
Bennington:
The V'ermont Gazette.
Windsor:
Vermont Journal
.\dvertlser.
and Universal
MASSACHUSETTS.
Boston:
The Boston Gazette and the Coun-
try Journal.
Independ'^nt Chronicle and the
Universal .Vdvertiser.i
American Herald: .\nd The W^ash-
ington Gazette.
The Columbian Centlnel.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Jan. 1, 17S5..
Oct. 1, 1790.
Benjamin Tlteomb and
Thomas IJ. Wait.
Benjamin Tlteomb
Jan. C, 1790...
July 15, 1790.
Aug. — , 1789.
Aug. 7, 1789..
George Hough . .
EUpbalet Ladd.
Henry Ranlet
James D. Griffith.
Weekly ! Oct. 7, 175G.
Semiweekly..
Weekly
Weekly
Oct. 24, 1786.
Daniel Fowie
Geo. Jerry Osborne .
Weekly.
Weekly .
June 5, 1783 Anthony Haswell and David
I Russell.
Aug. 7, 1783 George Hough and .\ldcn
I Spooner.
Apr. 7, 1755 ' Benjamin Edes and John GUI.
Weekly
Semiweekly. .
Aug. 2, 1768 ! Samuel Hall
Oct. 27, 1781 Edward E. Powars.
Mar. 24, 1784 i William Warden and Benja-
^ min Russell.
> Established at Salem.
Thomas B. Wait...
BenJ. Titcomb
George Hough
Kliphalet Ladd
Henry Ranlet
James D. Grimth..
John Melchcr
Geo. Jerry Osborne
Anthony Haswell and Da-
vid Russell.
George Hough (?) and Al-
den Spooner.
IConsolidated Sept. 3, 1796; In
existence in 1895.
Discontinued Oct. 30, 1805.
Discontinued in 1829.
Discontinued In 1797.
Discontinued in 1792.
Became weekly edition of
Daily Chronicle in 1S61.
In existence in 1!>95.
Discontinued in 1793.
In existence In 1879.
Vermont Journal in 1900.
Benjamin Edes and BenJ. Discontinued Sept. 17, 1798.
Hdes. jr.
Thomas Adams Merged in Boston Daily Ad-
vertiser in 1S31.
Edward E. Powars Prol)al»ly consolidated with
the Herald of Freedom in
1791 or 1792.
Benjamin Russell Merged in Boston Daily Ad-
! vertiser, May I. 1840.
34
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Newspapers and periodicals published in 1790 — Continued.
PLACE OF PUBUCATION AND TITLE
IN 1790.
MASSACHUSETTS— continued.
Boston— Continued.
The Gentlemen and Ladies' Town
and Country Magazine.
The Herald of Fre-edom
The Massachusetts Magazine, Or
Monthly Museum.
Newburyjport:
The Essex Journal and New Hamp-
shire Packet.
Northampton:
The Hamjjshire Gazette
Pittsfield:
Berkshire Chronicle and Massachu-
setts Intelligencer.
Salem:
The Salem Gazette
Springfield:
The Hampshire Chronicle
Stockhridge:
The Western Star
Worcester:
Thomas's Massachusetts Spy; or
The Worcester Ga2ett(\'
RHODE ISLAND.
Newport:
The Newport Mercury ,
Newport Herald
Providence:
The Providence Gazette and Coun-
try Journal.
United States Chronicle
CONNKCTICUT.
Danbury:
The Farmer's Journal.
Hartford :
The Connecticut Courant
Weekly Intelligencer.
The American Mercury
and
Litchfield:
The Weekly Monitor; and American
Advertiser.
Middletown:
Middlesex Gazette or Federal Ad-
viser.
New Haven:
Connecticut Journal
The New Haven Gazette
New London:
Connecticut Gazette
Norwich:
The Norwich Packet and the Con-
necticut, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, and Rhode Island
Weekly Advertiser.
NEW YORK.
Albany:
The Albany Gazette..
The Albany Register.
Goshen:
The Goshen Repository.
Hudson:
Hudson Gazette
Lansingburg:
Federal Herald
New York:
The New York Journal and Patri-
otic Register.
The Argus, or Greenleal'sNew Daily
Advertiser.
New York Packet
The Daily Advertiser
The New York Daily Gazette.*. .
Gazette of the United States^
New York Magazine
Weekly Museum
Poughkeepsie:
Poughkeepsie Journal <.
NEW JERSEY.
New Brunswick:
The Brunswick Gazette
Elizabethtown:
New Jersey Journal, and Political
Intelligencer.
The Christian's, scholar's, and
farmer's magazine.
1 Established at Boston.
Period of issue
in 1790.
Monthly
Semi weekly.
Monthly
Weekly .
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly .
Weekly.
Weekly .
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Semiweekly.
Weekly.
Weekly
Semiweekly.
Daily
Semiweekly. -
Daily '. . .
Dailj^
Semiweekly..
Monthly.
Weekly..
Weekly.
Weekly...,
Weekly...,
Bimonthly
Apr.
" Weekly in 1792.
Date when
established.
May, 1784....
Sept. 15, 1788.
Jan.—, 1789..
Dec. 1, 1773.
Sept. f>, 1780..
May 8, 1788..
Oct. 14, 178G.
Mar. 1, 1787...
Nov. — , 1789.
July 17, 1770..
Sept.—, 1758.
Mar. 1, 1787...
Oct. 20, 1762. .
Jan. 1,1784...
Mar. IS, 1790.
Oct. 29, 1764..
July 12, 1784.,
Dec. 21, 1784.
Nov. 8, 1785. .
Oct. 23, 1767.
Jan. 5, 1790..
Aug. 8, 1758..
Dec. 16, 1773.
May
28, 1784.
— , 1788.
Apr.
May
May
May
Jan.
Mar.
Dec.
Apr.
— , 1788.
7, 1785.
5, 1788.
29, 1706.
29, 17G6.
4, 1776.
1, 1785.
29. 1788.
15. 1789.
Jan. , 1790 .
, 1734.
Sept.
—1786.,
— , 1779.,
— ^789.,
First publisher.
Job Weeden and William Bar-
rett.
Edmund Freeman and Loring
Andrews.
Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer
T. Andrews.
Isaiah Thomas and Henry W.
Tinges.
William Butler.
Roger Storrs
John Dabney and Thomas C.
Gushing.
Zephaniah Webster.
Loring Andrews
Isaiah Thomas
James Franklin, jr.
Peter Edes
William Goddard.
Bennett Wheeler. ,
Nathan Douglas and Edwards
Ely.
Thomas Green
Joel Barlow and EHsha Bab-
cock.
Thomas Collier and Copp
Woodward and Green
Thomas and Samuel Green.
Timothy Green
Alexander Robertson & James
Robertson and John Trum-
bull.
Charles R. Webster.
Robert Barber
David Maiidevillc.
Charles R. Webster and Ash-
bel Stoddard.
Babcock and Hickok .
John Holt
John Holt
Samuel Loudon
Francis Childs
John and Archibald M'Lean.
John Fenno
Thomas and James Swords.,
John Holt.
Shelly Amett ...
Shepard KoUock.
Shepard Kollock .
Publisher in 1790.
Nathaniel Coverley.
Edmund Freeman..
Isaiah Thomas and Ebe-
nezer T. Andrews.
John Mycall
William Butler.
Roger Storrs
Thomas C. Cushing.
Ezra Waldo Weld . . ,
Loring Andrews
Isaiah Thomas
Henry Barber.
Peter Edes
John Carter
Bennett Wheeler.
Nathan Douglas and Ed-
wards Ely.
Barzillai Hudson and Geo.
Goodwin.
Elisha Babcock
Thomas Collier.
Discontinued in December,
1790.
In existence June 28, 1793.
Discontinued in December,
1796.
Became the Morning Star in
April, 1794. Discontinued
before 1800.
Berkshire County Eagle in
1900.
In e.Tistence in 1900.
In existence in 1895.
In existence in 1795.
In existence in 1898.
The Massachusetts Spy in
1900.
In existence in 1900.
Discontinued in 1791.
Merged in Rhode Island
American in < October, 1825.
Discontinued in 1802.
Republican Farmer (Bridge-
port; in 1900.
In existence in 1900.
Merged in the Independent
Press in 1833.
Discontinued in 1S06.
Moses H. Woodward...
Thomas and Samuel Green
Timothy Green.
John Trumbull.
Charles R. Webster
John and Robert Barber.
Charles R. Webster and
Ashbel Stoddard.
Babcock and Hickok.
Thomas Greenleaf
Thos. Greenleaf
Samuel Loudon
Philip Freneau
Archibald M'Lean.
John Fenno.
Thos. and Jas. Swords ...
Nicholas Power.
Abraham Blauvelt.
Shepard Kollock...
Shepard Kollock . . .
Discontinued in May, IS34.
Connecticut Herald and
Weekly Journal in 1900.
Discontinued June 29, 1791.
Discontinued in 1844.
Discontinued in 1804.
Discontinued Apr. 14. 1845.
Merged in New York Stand-
ard.
Discontinued in 1804.
In existence in 1900.
In existence in 1890.
Discontinued in 1810.
Discontinued in November,
ISIO.
In existence in 1835.
Merged in Express in 1836.
In existence in 1828.
Merged in North American in
1.S47.
Discontinued in 1797.
In existence in ISIG.
United with Poughkeepsie
Eagle in 1814. In existence
in 1850.
i
In existence in 1816.
Elizabeth Daily Journal in
1900. "
Discontinued in March, 1791.
I Removed to Philadelphia Oct. 13, 1790.
< Established in New York City.
THE UNITED STATES IX 1790.
Newspapers and periodicals published in 1790 — Continued.
35
PLACE OF PUBLICATION AND TITLE
IN 1790.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Carlisle:
The Carlisle Cajettc, & the Western Weekly .
Repository of Knowledpe.
Chambersburg:
Western Advertiser and Chambers- Weekly,
burc Weekly.
German town:
Die Oemiantauner Zeltung Weekly .
HarrisburR:
The Oracle of Dauphin Weekly .
Lancaster:
Neue liQpartheylsche Lancaster Weekly.
Zeltung und Anzelgs-Nachrich-
ten.
Philadelphia: > j
The Pennsylvania Gazette Weekly .
Period of Issue
In 1790.
The Pennsylvania Journal and
Weekly Advertiser.
The Pennsylvania Packet and Dally
Advertiser.
The Arminian Magazine
The Freeman's Journal, or the
North American Intelligencer.
Gemeinniitzige PhilaUeiphische
CorrespondPHZ.
Index)endent < Jazctteer, or the Cron-
Icle of Freedom.
Pennsylvania Mercury and The
Universal .Vdvertiser.
Universal Asylum and Columbian
Magazine.
The .\merican Museum: or Uni-
versal Magazine.
The Fe<lcral flazotte and Philadel-
phia Daily .-Vdvertiser.
Der General - Postl>othc an die
Deutsche Nation.
Die Chesnuthiller Wochcnschritt...
The General .advertiser and Politi-
cal. Commercial. Agricultural and
Literary Journal.
Farmers' Weekly Museum
Pittsburg:
Pittsburg Gazette
Reading:
Neue Unpartheyische Readinger
Zeltung und .Vnzeigs-Nachrichten.
York:
Pennsylvania TIerald and York
General .Vdvertiser.
Semlweekly.
Dally
Monthly.
Weekly . .
Weekly . .
Dally....
Weekly..
Monthly.
Date when
established.
Aug. 10, 1783.
June — , 1790.
Aug. 20, 1739..
— —1788..
Aug. 8, 1787..
Dec. 24, 1728..
Dec. 2,1742..
Oct. 28, 1771..
Monthly
Daily
Semlweekly...
Weekly.
Daily...
Jan. — , I77S.
Apr. 25, 1781.
May 21, 1781.
Apr. 13, 1782.
Aug. 20, 1784.
Sept.—, 1786.
Jan. — , 1787..
Mar. 8, 1788.
Nov. 27, 1789. .
Oct. 8, 1790. .
Oct. — , 1790..
DELAWARE.
Wilmington:
Wilmington Gazette...
The Delaware Gazette.
MARYLAND.
Annapolis:
Maryland Gazette
Weekly — —,1790.
Weekly ! July 29, 1786.
Weekly I Feb. 18, 1789.
Weekly Jan. 7,1789.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Baltimore:
The Maryland Journal and Balti- i Semlweekly...
more Advertiser. |
The Maryland Gazette; or the Bal- Semlweekly...
timore -Vdvertiser.
Easton:
Maryland Herald and Eastern Shore Weekly
Intelligencer. I
Frederick: 1
The Maryland Chronicle and the I Weekly
Universal .VdviTtlser.
The Maryland (iazette and Fred- Weekly
erick W eekly .Vdvertiser. ,
Georgetown: >
The Times and the Patowmack Weekly
Packet. I
Georgetown Weekly Ledger Weekly
Hagerstown :
WashiDgtoD Spy Weekly
— — , 1784.
Mar. — , 1785.
VIRGINIA.
Fredericksburg:
The Virginia Herald and Freder-
icksburg .-Vdvertiser.
Martinsliurg:
I'otomak Guardian and Berkeley
Advertiser.
Norfolk:
The Norfolk and Portsmouth
Chronicle.
Petersburg:
The Virginia Gazette and Peters-
burg Intelligencer.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Weekly.
Jan. 17, 1745.
Aug. 20, 1773.
May 16,1783.
May 16, 1790..
Jan. 4,1786.,
Mar. 1,1790..
Feb. — , 1789..
Mar. —,1790..
Jan. 1, 1790..
First publisher.
Kline and Reynolds.
WlUlam Davison
Christopher Saur
T. Roberts and Co
Stiemer, Albrecht, and Lahn.
PublUher In 1790.
Remarks.
Kline and Reynolds In existence June 9, 1790.
Wm. Davison.
Ftanklhi Repository In 1900.
Samuel Kelmer.
WlUlam Bradford.
John Dunlap
Prlchard and Hall.
Francis Bailey
Melchior Stelner.
Eleazer Oswald
Daniel Humphreys.
Matthew Carey, T. Siddons,
C. Talbot, W. Spotswood,
& J. Trenchard.
Matthew Carey
Andrew Brown.
Melchior Stelner.
Samuel Saur
Benjamin Franklin Bache...
Michael BlUmeyer Discontinued In 1809.
T. RobertsandCo Discontinued about 183Z
Johann Albrecht ii Co Discontinued in 1794.
David Hall and William I
Sellers. i
William and Thos. Brad-
ford. I
John Dunlap and David i
C. Claypoolc.
Francis Bailey
Melchior Stelner
Eleazer Oswald
Daniel Humphreys.
Matthew Carey..
Andrew Brown..
Melchior Stelner.
Samuel Saur
Benjamin Franklin Bache.
John Scull and Joseph Hall...
Johnson, Barton, and Jung-
maim.
James Edie, John Edie, and
Henry Wilcocks.
Peter Brynberg and Samuel
Andrews.
Jonas Green.
William Goddard .
John Hayes
James Cowan.
, Matthias Bartgis.
John Winter
Charles Flerer
Day and Hancock.
Stewart Herlwrt. . .
' See also Gazette of the United States,
' Now in the District of Columbia.
— — , 17S7 Timothy Green Timothy Green.
Nov. —,1790 Nathaniel Willis Nathaniel Willis.
Aug. 29, 1789 Prentis and Baxter Prentis and Baxter.
July —, 1786 Miles Hunter A William William Prentis..
I Prentis.
vhlch was published in New York city until Oct. 13, 1790, when it was removed to Philadelphia.
Barton and Jungmann. . .
James Edie, John Edie,
and Henry Wilcocks.
Became Saturday Evening
Post in 1S21. In existence
in 1900.
Discontinued in 1797.
Merged in the North Ameri-
can in 1840. In existence
in 1900.
In existence in 1790.
Discontinued in 1792.
Discontinued In 1810.
Discontinued In 1799.
Discontinued In December,
1792.
Discontinued Dec. 31, 1792.
Merged in North American
in 1840.
Discontinued about July,
I 1790.
In existence in 1794.
Merged in Pennsylvania Ga-
I zettcinlS28.
In existence in 1790.
Commercial Gazette in 1900.
Discontinued in 1816.
In existence In 1799.
Peter Br>Tiberg and Sam-
uel .\ndrews. ■
Frederick and Samuel
Green.
Wm. Goddard and James
.\ngell.
John Hayes
In existence in 1880.
In existence in 1894.
Discontinued in 1839.
Baltimore American In 190a
In existence In 1791.
James Cowan In existence In 1804.
Matthias Bartgis.
John Winter
. In existence in 1824.
. In existence in 1791.
1
Charles Fierer and Thos.
N. Kosdick.
Day and Hancock
Stewart Herbert.
In existence in 1791.
In existence in 1793.
In existence in 1797.
In existence in 1836.
In existence in 1896.
In existence in 1793.
In existence In 1800.
36
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Newspapers and periodicals published in 7750— Continued.
PLACE OF PUBLICATION AND TITLE
IN 1790.
Period of issue
in 1790.
Date when
established.
First publisher.
Publisher in 1790.
Remarks.
vmomiA— continued.
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Aug. 6,1736
_ —,1782
— —,1786
July 11.1787
Apr. 2,1788
John Dixon
In existence in 1793.
Virginia Gaiette and Independent
Chronicle.'
The Virginia Gazette and Weekly
Thomas Nicolson and WllUam
Prentiss.
In existence in 1793.
Discontinued in 1809.
The Virginia Independent Chron-
icle and General Advertiser.
In existence in 1790.
The Virginia Gazette, and Win-
chester .\dvertiser.
The Virginia Centinel; or the Vi in-
chester Mercurj-.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Fayetteville:
The Fayetteville Chronicle or North
Carolma Gazette.
SODTII CAROLINA.
Charleston:
Richard Bowen and Co
Richard Bowen and Co . . .
In existence in 1800.
In existence in 1790.
Semiweekly. . .
Apr. — , 1777
Mar. — 1783
Oct. 2,1786
Apr. 17.1763
Aug. 11, 1787
Ann S. Timothv
Discontinued in 1800.
The State Gazette of South Carolina.
The City Gazette or Daily Adver-
tiser.
GEOEGU.
Augusta:
John Miller
Markland and M'lver
John E. Smith
In existence in 1817.
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
In existence in 1900.
The Augusta Chronicle and Gazette
or the State.
Savannah;
1 James and NicholasJohn-
1 ston.
John Bradford
Discontinued ia 1802.
KENTUCKY.
Lexington:
Discontinued in 1848.
1 Established at Williamsburg.
SLAVEKY.
Slavery was introduced into the colonies in August,
1619, when 20 African negroes were brought to James-
to\vn by Dutch traders and sold to the planters of
Vu-ginia. At that time the sale of Africans who had
been captured or purchased was sanctioned by the
leading European nations, and formed a very profitable
business. The slave traders, taking advantage of the
new field opened to them by the colonization of the
coast of North America, introduced slavery into most
of the colonies soon after they were founded. The only
colony established with ordinances against this institu-
tion was Georgia ; and this state also was soon forced,
by social contact and business competition with the
neighboring settlements, to legalize the holding of
slaves.
The actual importations of slaves can only be esti-
mated. Mr. Carey, author of a work on the slave
trade, is the authority for the following estimate
of the number of slaves imported :
PERIOD.
Number
of slaves.
Total
333, 000
Prior to 1715
30,000
90,000
1715 to 1750 .
1751 to 1760
1761 to 1770
74, 000
34,000
70, 000
1771 to 1790
1791 to 1808
It is claimed, however, that this total is too small,
and that a closer estimate would bring the number to
370,000 or even 400,000. Air. Carey's figures indi-
cate that the average annual importation was about
2,500 between 1715 and 1750, and 3,500 for the period
from 1751 to 1760. The following decade was the
period of greatest activity, the importation reaching
an average of 7,400 a year. For the tw-enty years
from 1771 to 1790 the average fell to 1,700, but for
the period immediately preceding the legal abolition
of the slave traffic in the United States it was more
than double that number. By 1790 the survivors
and descendants of the African slaves imported num-
bered 757,208, according to the Federal census of
that year.
Early in the history of the Southern colonies the
planters realized that slave labor could be utilized
to good advantage in the cultivation of tobacco and
some other crops.' At the beginning of the eighteenth
century negro slavery was considered by the settlers
of all of the colonies as a usual and routme matter, and
in the New England and Middle colonies, as w^ell as
in the South, the possession of slaves was generally
'The cotton crop, which later furnished an extensive field for
slave labor, did not assume great importance until the invention
of the cotton gin in 1793. After that date the employment of
slaves in the cultivation of cotton became especially profitable,
since this crop furnishes work for a considerable portion of the year,
and makes it possible to utilize to advantage the services of women
and children.
THE UNITED STATES IN 1790.
37
accepted as an evidence of wealtli and of importance
in the community.
By 1750 negro slavery was recognized by law in
every Nortli American colony. At tiie time of tlie
Declaration of Independence the British possessions
had local enactments protecting slave property and
providing special codes and tribunals for slaves. Some
of tiie shive codes were extremely severe, because of
the fear of negro insurrections.
Although shivery became the presumptive status
of every negro, most of the colonies recognized the
status of free negroes. But the presence of a free
negro was believed to have an imfavorable influence
on the slaves in the neighborhood, and hence many of
the colonies made the conditions surrounding manu-
mission so exacting that slave o-\vners seldom took
advantage of the legal right to free their slaves. There
are, however, numerous instances of negroes who
were freed by their masters, and some cases of negroes
who were given their freedom by the state on account
of some public service performed by them; but no
data are available as to the aggregate number of
slaves manumitted.
Free negroes were allowed property rights, and con-
sequently some of them became slave owners. Often
a manumitted negro would purchase the freedom of
the members of his family or of friends, and unless
he went through the formality of manumission these
persons were legally his slaves.
The growth of the antislavery movement forms an
interesting phase of the history of the Colonial, Conti-
nental, and early Federal periods. The antislavery
sentiment which existed in the Southern colonies in the
early part of the eighteenth century was, as a rule, the
result of economic causes; when these colonies feared
the growth in the number of negroes, or desired more
revenue, attempts were made by the legislatures to cut
off or to tax the importation of slaves. On the other
hand, in the North the feehng of antagonism toward
human slavery, which grew rapidly and was voiced
by men of high principle and strong religious belief,
was based largely on moral grounds. The claim is
often made that this attitude of the Northern colonies
in connection with the slave problem did not become
general until after these communities had disposed of
all of their slaves. But, while there is an element of
truth in this, the fact remains that from a condition
of dependence upon slaves for menial services of va-
rious kinds, the people of the New England and Middle
states steadily and comi)letely changed their point of
view, taking the position that slavery was both unwise
and immoral, and disposed of their slaves. The
demand for labor was supplied mainly by apprentices
and by "redemptioners" — men and women who, being
unable to pay the expenses of their passage to this
country, were "bound" to persons buying their serv-
ices for a period usually lasting from three to five years.
76292—09 4
The first petition against slavery' recorded in Amer-
ican histor}' was made in 1GS8, by Friends, in German-
town, Pa. The agitation against slavery was contin-
ued by other Quakers, by the Puritans, and b}' groups
of individuals here and there. As the direct result of
this movement, prohibitive duties on the importation
of slaves were imposed by Pennsylvania in 1712, and
also by other colonies from time to time.'
Since the slave trade was a source of revenue to
British merchants, and even to the Crown, legisla-
tion against it was distasteful to the British Govern-
ment, and objections were raised on accomit of the
legislative action of the colonies. The governors sent
to South Carolina in 17.56 and 1761 bore instructions
prohibiting the enactment of any law imposing duties
on imported negroes.
By 1778 legislative measures prohibiting the slave
trade had been passed by all of the New England and
Middle states, and by ^Iaryland and Virginia ; by 1798,
similar action had been taken by every other state,
although the trade was afterwards revived in South
Carolina.
The first assumption of national control of the slave
trade came in 1774, when the Continental Congress
passed a resolution to aliolish it. In 1789 tlie con-
vention that framed the Constitution made plans for
the abolition of this traffic in 1808, and later the first
day of 1808 was chosen as the time when the slave
trade should become illegal.
The first action against the ownership of slaves was
taken by Vermont. In its Declaration of Rights, in
1777, this colony declared for the freedom of all per-
sons at the age of maturity ; a few years later it took a
more definite stand, abolishing slavery outright. By
1783 slavery had been prohibited in Massachu.setts
and New Hampshire. Gradual emancipation was pro-
vided for in acts passed by Pennsylvania in 1780 and
by Comiecticut and Rhode Island in 1784. In 1787
slavery was forbidden in the Northwest Territory by
congressional legislation, although the courts held that
the ordinance did not free the slaves already held in
the territory. By the date of the first Federal census
laws providing for the extinction of slavery had been
put into operation in all states north of Maryland,
with the exception of New York and New Jersey.
INDIANS.
In 1790 the Indian had ceased to be a factor of any
consequence in the affairs of the states enumerated
at the First Census. The Indians living in the
area enumerated consisted of a few scattered rem-
nants of once powerful tribes. Frequent conflicts
' In some colonies the duty on a slave brought from another
colony was several times that on a slave imported directly from
Africa or from the West Indies; the impression appears to have
existed that slaves were sent from one colony to another because
of undesirable qualities, or because they had committed crimes,
and that the colony which deported them was taking this way of
ridding itself of their presence.
LOCATION OF INDIAN TRIBES: 1790.
(The heavy line marks the division between the area
tree from hostile Indians and that still in possession of Indians.!
THE UNITED STATES IN 1790.
39
with the white settlers, and the adoption of all of the
vices and few, if any, of the virtues of the newcomers
upon their soil, had reduced tiie number of Indians
east of the Allegheny mountains to a few thousands.
Remnants of the original tribes still remained in 4
New England states, and in New York, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, and South Carolina; but in most instances —
especially in New England — they were rciluced to
small villages or even to a few wanderers (for the most
part half-breeds), whose numbers may be accepted as
almost a negligible quantity. Only in New York and
Pennsylvania— upon resers'ations establisheil in those
states — and in the lands to the west of the frontier settle-
ments, were the Indians still sufficiently numerous to
maintain tribal relations or to occup}' any considerable
extent of territory.
From time to time futile attempts were made to
civilize and educate the Indians in the East. Indeed,
provision was made for their education at Harvard
University early in its history. Several Indians
entered that institution, but nearly all of them died
before they had been long in attendance.
West of the Alleghenys the white man had estab-
lished a few settlements, cspeciallj^ in Kentucky and
eastern Tennessee; but for the most part the country
was a wilderness, still in the undisputed possession of
Indian tribes. In this area the Indians still main-
tained their independence and a considerable strength
in numbers — sufficient, indeed, to present to the
officials of the young Republic a problem of some
magnitude, and to exercise a decidedU' deterrent effect
upon immigration. But since, in the desultory war-
fare which they maintained against the whites, the
Indians were the principal sufferers, their numbers
were constantly diminishing.
Onl}' a small part of the territory occupied bj' white
men had been acquired from the Indians by actual
purchase. In the early history of the colonies, pur-
chases of land from the Indians, and treaties made
with them, appear to have resulted from a desire to
obtain immunity from the uncertainties of Indian war-
fare and depredation, rather than from any recogni-
tion of the right of the Indians to the soil of which they
were being deprived. The pioneer settlers habitually
disregarded Indian treaties, and in general the Indians
derived little benefit from them; even where purchases
of land were negotiated by treaty, in many cases this
action was not taken until after the land had been
settled. In general, the Indian had received but small
consideration from the white man during the entire
Colonial period, being regarded merely as a dangerous
incumbrance upon fair regions which it was the pur-
pose of the white man to occupy as speedily as his num-
bers permitted.
In 1795, shortly after the Fir^t Census, in an attempt
to put an end to the continued warfare with the Federal
Government and doubtless also for the purpose of
encouraging settlements in that region. General Wayne
negotiated a treaty with the Indians living in what
was then called the Northwest Territor\'.' The devel-
opments resulting from this policy were similar to what
had previously occurred east of the Alleghenys — the
Indians retreated step by step before the advancing
pioneers, more and more of their territorj' was occupied
by white settlements, and their numbers were con-
stantly decreased by contact with the whites and by
warfare among themselves.
Indians in the UniUd States in 1790.
STATE OR TERRITORY
TKIBG.
AND
.N'um-
ber.
Place of residence.
Maine:
PassamaQUoddy
Near the waters of Passamaquoddy bav.
Penobscot
""466'
On Penobscot ri verjrom head of tide water
northward.
Massachusplts:
llerring Pond
1120
Sandwich, on Cape Cod, 59 miles south of
Boston.
Troy, Bristol county, 50 miles south of
Boston.
Marshpee, on Cape Cod, 78 miles southeast
of Boston.
Marthas Vineyard Island.
WampanoaK
I2S0
400
Rhode Island:
Narragansett
500
CharlestowD, 40 miles southwest of Provi-
dence.
Connecticut:
fStonington, southeast comer of ConnecU-
1 cut.
iGroton, adjoining Stoninglon.
(Between Norwich and New London.
Mohegan and other tribes.
New York:
Montauk
Montauk Point, east end of Long Island.
Six Nations —
Cayuga
.100
Reservation of 1,000 square miles at aorth-
ern end of Cayuga Lake.
Mohawk
(=)
Fort Hunter, on Mohawk river.
Oneida
700
Oneida reservation.
Onondaga
500
Reservation of over 100 square miles OD
f)nondaga Lake.
Seneca
2.000
Chietly on dene^ee river: also a town on
Bulialo creek, and 2 small towns ju Alle-
ghenv river.
Tuscarora^
400
On Tuscarora or Oneida creek.
Pennsvlvania:
Delaware. Munsee,
and
1,300
On north branch of Susquehanna river.
So poo nee.
Virginia:
Mattaponi. Nottaway,
100
Southampton county, southeastern Vir*
and Pamunkey.
ginia.
Seneca
150
Two towns on French creek.
South Carolina:
Catawba
450
At Catawba, on Catawba river, on the
boundary line between North Carolina
and South Carolina.
Northwest Territory:
Chippewa
Coasts of Lake Superior.
Northern Ohio.
Delaware. Mohican
and
Wyandot.
Illinois, Kaskaskia,
and
Near Kaskaskia river, Illinois.
Peoria.
Kickapoo
Central Illinois.
Mascauten
Neighborhoo<l of Piankashaws.
Menomenee
Around Green bay.
Miami. Wea, and
Eel
Vicinity of Miami'river.
River Indians.
Ottawa
Southern peninsula of Michigan.
Wabash nvcr and branches, and Illinois
Piankashaw
river.
Potawatomi
Soulhom shores of Lake Michigan.
Sac and Fox
Month of ^Visco^sin river.
Shawnw
Southern Ohio, on Sciotoriverand a branch
of the Muskingum.
Winnebago
Around Winnebago bay.
Wisconsin
;;;;;;;;
On Wisconsin river.
Southwest Territory:*
Cherokee
3.000
Northern Georgia and southern Tennessee.
Chickasaw
Western Tennessee.
Choctaw
Between Alabama and Mississippi rivers.
Creek nation
*22.'666"
Upper Creek
11.000
}ll,000
On upper waters of Alabama river.
(On Apalachicola river and its two branch-
i es- the Chattahoochee and the Flint.
Lower Creek
Seminole
* Hilf were of mixed blood.
* Only atpoiit 40 or 50 were pure Indian.
« Only one family in the United Slates.
« Migrated from North Carolina in 1T15, and adopted by the Oneidas, a related
tribe.
' Including the area of Alabama and Mississippi.
' The Indian tribes with whom this treaty was negotiated were
the Wyundots, Delaware^, Shawnr-e.", Ottawas, Chippewas, Pota-
watomis, Miamis, Eel River Indians, Weas, Kickapoos, Pianka-
shaws, and Kaskaskiaa.
40
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
The names of the Indian tribes in each state and
territory in 1790, together with the approximate num-
bers in the various tribes, so far as they can be deter-
mined, arc shown in the hst on page 39.
The law authorizing the first Federal census made no
provision for the enumeration of any Indians except
those who were taxed; and there were probably but
few who were included in that category. The best in-
formation available concerning the number of Indians
within the United States in 1790 is the estimate of
Gen. Henry Kjiox, Secretary of War under President
Washington, who placed the total Indian population in
1789 at 76,000. Of this number he located 20,000
between the Great Lakes and the Ohio river, and
56,000 south of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi.
The warriors — or gun men, as they were termed at that
time — were assumed to represent one-fourth of the
total Indian population.
The following paragraphs present, for some of the
states and territories, facts which are of interest but
could not readily be incorporated in the foregoing list :
Maine. — The Provincial Congress of Massachusetts
had reserved to the Penobscot tribe a tract of land 12
miles wide, intersected by the Penobscot river. The
tribe, numbering about 100 families, was settled along
the banks of the river from the head of tide water
northward. Their principal town was Indian Old
Town, situated on an island of about 200 acres in the
Penobscot river, 12 miles north of Bangor. It is prob-
able that the vast wilderness in that part of Maine
north and west of the narrow inhabited strip along the
coast supported numbers of Indians, many of whom
doubtless roamed at will across the Canadian border,
as whim or scarcity of food determined.
Massachusetts. — In this state there were still a few
hundred Indians. Along the coast of Cape Cod they
remained, notwithstanding their small numbers, in
comparatively undisturbed possession of considerable
areas.
New York. — From the Mohawk valley westward,
some remnants remained of the once powerful Six
Nations of the Iroquois. The state authorities of New
York had made treaties with these Indians, and had
reserved to them certain restricted areas. The Oneidas
were located on Oneida creek, 21 miles west of Fort
Stanwix; with them resided the remnants of the Tus-
caroras and Mohegans. Most of the Senecas dwelt
along the Genesee river. One family only of the
Mohawks was known to be living in New York in 1790,
the remainder of the tribe having migrated to Canada.
The Onondagas were located on Onondaga Lake, the
Cayugas on Cayuga Lake, while the Delawares, like
the Mohawks, were practically extinct in this state.
New Jersey. — In this state there were probably not
more than one hundred Intlians all told. About half
of these were located on a state reservation at Eve-
sham, called "Brotherton;" the remainder were scat-
tered through the state, many of them being held as
slaves. In 1801 the Brotherton Indians were invited
by the Mohegans to locate with them at Stockbridge,
near Oneida Lake, New York, and the invitation was
accepted.'
Pennsylvania. — In addition to the remnants of three
tribes living on the north branch of the Susquehanna
river, there were probably roving bands from the Iro-
quois tribes in the northwestern portion of the state.
South Carolina. — The Catawbas, descendants of a
once powerful tribe, had become degenerate from con-
tact and association with the whites. They owned a
tract 15 miles square, lying on both sides of the Ca-
tawba river; a part of this land they had leased to the
whites for a period of ninety-nine years.
Northwest Territory. — W. Winterbotham, in a "View
of the United States of America" (1796), estimated the
number of Indians in this territory in 1792 at 65,000.
The tribes inhabiting the territory he enumerated as
"the Piantias, on both sides of the Mississippi; the
Casquerasquias, on the Illinois; the Piankashaws and
other tribes, on the Wabash; the Shawanese, on the
Scioto; the Delawares, the Miamis, the Ouiscons, Mas-
coutens, Sakies, Sioux, Mekekonakis, Pilans, Powto-
watamis, Messaques, Ottawas, Chipewas, and Wian-
dots."
Incited by the British and French on the north, these
Indians kept up almost continual warfare against the
settlers. In the vicinity of the Wabash were several
warlike tribes which made frequent incursions across
the Ohio into Kentucky, killing cattle and horses and
murdering the inhabitants; by their hostile attitude
these Indians deflected southward, to the valley of
the Ohio and especially to Kentucky, the stream of
migration from New York and Pennsylvania to the
West.
Southwest Territory {including area of Alabama and
Mississippi). — As already stated, the tribes of greatest
numerical importance in 1790 inhabited the southern
and southwestern portion of the Republic. Among
these were the Creeks, Cherokees, Choctaws, and Chick-
asaws.
The Upper Creeks dwelt principally on the upper
waters of the Alabama and the Lower Creeks on the
Apalachicola and on its two branches, the Chatta-
hoochee and the Flint ; the Seminoles, a branch of the
Lower Creeks, extended into Florida. In 1789 the
number of warriors in the whole Creek nation was
estimated not to exceed 4,500, and the number of
women, children, and old men 18,000; the Lower
Creeks were rather more numerous than the related
Seminole tribe, and these two together about equaled
the Upper Creeks in number. The towns or sub-
tribes of the Creeks, including both divisions of the
nation, were about eighty in number, but difi"ered
widely in population and importance. A few towns,
' WilUam Nelson: Indians of New Jersey, pages 118 and 119.
THE UNITED STATES IN 1790.
41
called "mother towns," had the principal direction of
atrnirs.
Thouj;h the Creeks were in a great measure hunters,
they possessed cattle, horses, and a few slaves, culti-
vated some Indian corn and potatoes, and in some
instances had introduced tlie plow. Being nearer to
the settlers in the Southern states than any other tribe,
they had awakened to the value of their lanils, and
under the leadership of a shrewd half-breed, iUexander
McGillivray, they kept up a fitful war against the
advance of the settlers. On August 7, 1790, they con-
cluded a treaty with the United States which clearly
defined the boundary of the Indian lands, beyond
which the white settlers should not pass. Article G of
this treaty reads:
If any citizen of the United States or other person, not being an
Indian, shall attempt to settle on any of the Creeks' land, such per-
son shall forfeit the protection of the United States, and the Creeks
may punish him or not, as they please.
North of the Creeks were the Cherokees. They
were located principally on the headwaters of the
Tennessee river, but their hunting grounds extended
from the Cumberland river along the frontiers of
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and part
of Georgia. Commissioners sent to treat with them
in 1785 estimated that they could muster 2,000
warriors. In 17S9 the number had decreased to
about 600, undoubtedly as a result of wars with the
whites.
West of the Creeks, and within the confines of the
present state of Mississippi, was the populous nation of
the Choctaws. Being far removed from the settle-
ments on the Atlantic, they were of little concern to the
white inhabitants. In 1789 they were estimated to
number about 15,000, as compared with nearly 30,000
a few years earlier.
The Chickasaws, in western Tennessee, numbered
about 3,500.
III. THE FIRST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE FIRST CENSUS ACT— DEBATES IN THE CONGRESS— PRO-
VISIONS OF THE ACT— EXECUTION OF THE LAW— THE ENU-
MERATION—THE RETURNS— THE ENUMERATORS' SCHEDULES.
The provision under which the Federal census is
taken is contained in Article I, section 2, of the Con-
stitution of the United States, which directs that —
Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the
several states which may be included within this Union according
to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding
to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to
eervice for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-
fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made
within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the
United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in
Buch manner as they shall by law direct.
The debates in the Constitutional Convention do not
afford any evidence that the scope of the census was
seriously considered. There is reason to believe, how-
ever, that many members of the convention had in
mind more than a mere count of the mhabitants. Sev-
eral of them contended that representatives and direct
taxes should be apportioned according to wealth as
well as population. Mr. Ellsworth introduced a mo-
tion "that the rule of contribution by direct taxation,
for the support of the Government of the United
States, shall be the number of white inliabitants, and
three-fifths of every other description in the several
states, until some other rule, that shall more accu-
rately ascertain the wealth of the several states, can
be devised and adopted by the legislature." ■ Mr.
WUliamson introduced a motion "that, in order to
ascertain the alterations that may happen in the pop-
ulation and wealth of the several states, a census shall
be taken of the free white inhabitants, and three-fifths
of those of other descriptions," etc-
THE FIRST CENSUS ACT.
The provision of the Constitution quoted above does
not clearly define the scope of the census, and the
question whether it is restrictive — that is, whether the
words "actual enumeration" apply exclusively to the
objects mentioned — has never been considered judi-
cially. But the provision has often been interpreted
as restrictive, and the question has been raised whether
Congress has not transcended its constitutional pow-
' The Madison Papers, page 1082.
-Elliott's Debates on the Federal Constitution, vol. 5, page 295.
(42)
ers in authorizing purely statistical inquiries other than
those for the single purpose of apportioning repre-
sentatives and direct taxes.^ In this connection the
debates in Congress on the bill providing for the First
Census are of especial interest.
On May 18, 1789, soon after the convening of the
First Congress, a committee was appointed in the
House of Representatives to prepare and bring in a
bill providing for the "actual enumeration of tiie in-
habitants of the United States, in conformity with the
Constitution;" this committee never reported. On
January 11, 1790, another committee, consisting of
ten members (one from each state), was appointed for
the same purpose; it reported a bill on Januaty 19.
The House debates on this bill are reported in the
Annals of Congress, First Congress, second session.
From Mr. Madison's remarks it is evident that the
schedule reported by the committee provided for only
a bare enumeration ot the inhabitants.
Mr. Madison observed that they had now an opportunity of ob-
taining the most useful information for those who should hereafter
be called upon to legislate for their country, if this bill was extended
so as to embrace some other objects besides the bare enumeration of
the inhabitants; it would enable them to adapt the public meas-
ures to the particular circumstances of the community. In order
to know the various interests of the United States, it was necessary
that the description of the several classes into which the community
is divided should be accurately known. On this knowledge the
legislature might proceed to make proper provision for the agricul-
tural, commercial, and manufacturing interests, but without it they
could never make their provisions in due proportion.
This kind of information, he observed, all legislatures had wished
for, but this kind of information had never been obtained in any
country. He wished, therefore, to avail himself of the present
opportunity of accomplishing so valuable a purpose. If the plan
was pursued in taking every future census, it would give them an
opportunity of marking the progress of the society and distinguish-
ing the growth of every interest. This would furnish ground for
many useful calculations, and at the same time answer the purpose
of a check on the officers who were employed to make the enumera-
tion, for as much as the aggregate number is divisible into parts,
any imposition might be discovered with proportionable ease. If
these ideas meet the approbation of the House, he hoped they would
pass over the schedule in the second clause of the bill, and he
would endeavor to prepare something to accomplish this object.
The House granted Mr. Madison's request, and he
formulated a more elaborate schedule. Just what his
' Encyclopaedia Brittanica, vol. 5, page 339.
THE FIRST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES.
43
plan was in detail is not stated in tlie Annals of Con-
gress, but tlie issue of the Bostoi^ Gazette and the
Country Journal for February 8, 1790, in its report of
the proceedings of Congress, contains the following:
Mr. Madison proposed tho following as the form of ageneral sched-
ule, iu lieu of that in the bill, viz:
Free white males under 16.
Free white males above 16.
White females.
Free blacks.
.Slaves.
He then proposed that a particular schedule should likewise be
included in the bill, .specifyin;.? the number of persons employed in
the various arts and professions carried on in the United States.
When the bill again came up for discussion, on Feb-
ruary 2 —
Mr. Livermore apprehended this (Madison's) plan was too exten-
sive to be carried into operation and divided the people into classes
too minute to be readily ascertained. For example, many inhabit-
ants of New Hampshire pursued two, three, or four occupations,
but which was the |)riucipal one depended upon the season of the
year or some other adventitious circumstance; some followed weav-
ing in the spring and summer, but the making of shoes was the most
predominant in the fall and winter; under what class are these peo-
ple to be thrown, especially if they joined husbandry and carpen-
ter's work to the rest? He was confident the distinction which the
gentlemen wished to make could not be performed. He was there-
fore against adding additional labor, and consequently incurring
additional expense, whether the work was executed or not. Besides
this, he apprehended that it would excite the jealousy of the people;
they would suspect that the Government was too particular, in order
to learn their ability to bear the burden of direct or other taxes,
and under this idea they may refuse to give the officer such a par-
ticular account as the law requires, by which means you expose
him to great inconvenience and delay in the performance of his
duty. « » »
Mr. Page thought this particular method of describing the people
would occasion alarm among them; they would suppose the Gov-
ernment intended something, by putting the Union to this addi-
tional expense, besides gratifying an idle curiosity; their purposes
can not be supposed the same as the historian's or philosopher's—
they are statesmen, and all their measures are suspected of policy.
If he had not heard the object so well explained on this floor, as one
of the people, he might have been jealous of the attempt, as it
could serve no real purpose, for, he contended, if they were now
acquainted with the minutiae they would not be benefited by it.
He hoped the business would be accomplished in some other
way. » * »
.Mr. Madison thought it was more likely that the people would
suppose the information was required for its true object, namely,
to know in what proportion to distribute the benefits resulting from
an elBcient General Government.
It is signilicant that in the discussion of Madison's
schedule there is no suggestion recorded in the Annals
of Congress that it was unconstitutional ; but the Bos-
ton newspaper quoted above has this paragraph:
Mr. White said that the' he should be pleased with obtaining an
enumeration on the gentleman's plan, he rather supposed that Con-
gress is not authorized by the Constitution to call for so particular
an account. The Constitution refers only to a census for the more
perfectly equalizing the representation.
This objection had apparently little weight, and the
bill passed with Madison's schedule and all of his
amendments.
In the Senate the provision for ascertaining the
occupations of the people was rejected — on what
grounds is not known, for the debates of that body
at that time were behind closed doors.
In the debate in the House with regard to the time
to be all(jwed for completing the enumeration, six,
four, and three months were proposed. Mr. Sedgwick,
of Massachusetts, believed that since so long a time
was to elapse before the assistants were to enter upon
their duties the work of preparation should be com-
jileted in two or three months, and possibly one month
would be sullicient. It was argued that the longer
the time allowed the less accurate would be the returns.
Mr. Madison observed that the situation of the several states was
so various that the difficulty of adopting a plan for effecting the
business upon terms that would give general satisfaction could only
be obviated by allowing sufficient time. Some of the states have
been accustomed to take the enumeration of their citizens; others
have never done it at all. To the former the business will be easy,
and may be completed within the shortest jjeriod; in the others it
will be attended with unforeseen difficulties.
Six months was agreed upon by the House, but in
the Senate this was changed to nine months. The bill
passed the Senate on February 22 and was approved
by the President on March 1, 1790.
Provisions of the act. — By the First Census act the
marshals of the several judicial districts of the United
States were authorized and required to cause the num-
ber of the inhabitants within their respective districts
to be taken, "omitting Indians not taxed, and distin-
guishing free persons, including those bound to service
for a term of years, from all others; distinguishing also
the sexes and colors of free persons, and the free males
of 16 years and upward from those under that age."
The inquiries regarding the color of free persons, the
sex of the whites, and the sejjaration of white males
into those above and those below 16 3'ears of age were
outside of the constitutional requirement of the
enumeration, and reflect the efforts of Madison to
obtain a comprehensive census. The last inquiry was
undoubtedly instituted for the purpo.se of ascertaining
the industrial and military strength of the country.
For the purpose of this enumeration, which was to
be commenced on the first Monday in August, 1790,
and completctl within nine calendar months, the mar-
shals were empowered to appoint within their respec-
tive districts as many assistants or enumerators as
should appear to them necessary, assigning to each
a certain division of his district, which "shall consist
of one or more counties, cities, towns, townships,
hundreds, or parishes, or of a territory ])iainly and
distinctly bounded by water courses, mountains, or
public roads."
In the case of Rhode Island and Vermont subsefjuent
legislation was had July 5, 1790, and March 2, 1791,
respectively, by which the terms of the act providing
for the first eniuneration were extended to these two
I districts. The enumeration in Vermont was to com-
44
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
mence on the first Monday in April, 1791, and to close
within five calendar months thereafter. By an act of
November 8, 1791, the time for the completion of the
census in South Carolina was extended to March 1,
1792.
Before entering upon the discharge of their duties,
the marshals and assistant marshals were required to
take an oath to cause to be made, or to make, as the
case might be, "a just and perfect enumeration and
description of all persons" residing within their
several districts.
For the purpose of settling all doubts wliich might
arise respecting the persons to be retui-ned and the
manner of making the returns, it was provided that
every person whose usual place of abode was in any
family on the aforesaid first Monday in August
should be returned as in such family ; that any person
without any "usual place of abode" was to be enu-
merated in the district in which he was on the first
Monday in August; and that any person who at the
time of the enumeration was temporarily absent from
his usual place of abode should be returned as belong-
ing to that place in wliich he usually resided. The act
further provided that every person 16 years of age and
over who refused or failed to render a true account
when required by the enumerator to answer questions
in contemplation of the act, was liable to a fine of S20.
Penalties were prescribed also for the failure of an
enumerator or marshal to comply with the provisions
of the act.
The amount of compensation prescribed for the mar-
shals of the districts varied from $100to$500,as follows :
$100— Rhode Island, Delaware.
200 — Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, New
Jersey.
300 — Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, South
Carolina.
350— North Carolina.
500 — Virginia.
The rate of compensation allowed the assistants
was $1 for every 300 persons in cities and towns con-
taining more than 5,000 persons, and $1 for every 150
persons in country districts; but in those districts
where, "from the dispersed situation of the inhabit-
ants," $1 for 150 persons should seem inadequate, the
marshals were authorized, subject to the approval of the
judges of their respective districts, to increase the com-
pensation to $1 for not less than 50 persons returned.
One of the peculiar provisions of the law, worthy of
notice, was that each assistant, before making his
return to the marshal, was required to "cause a cor-
rect copy, signed by himself, of the schedule containing
the number of inhabitants within his division to be
set up at two of the most public places within the
same, there to remain for the inspection of all con-
cerned," for which work, upon satisfactory proof, he
was entitled to receive $4.
Each assistant was required to make his returns to
his marshal within the allotted time, on a properly
ruled schedule "distinguishing the several families by
the names of their master, mistress, steward, overseer,
or other principal person therein," and showing for
each family the number of free white males 16 years
and upward, including heads of families, free white
males under 16 years, free white females, including
heads of families, all other free persons, and slaves.
The marshals were required to transmit to the
President of the United States on or before September
1, 1791, "the aggregate amount of each description of
persons within their respective districts," and to fiJe
the original returns of their assistants with the clerks
of their respective district courts, "who are hereby
directed to receive and carefully preserve the same."
The total cost of the First Census was $44,377.28.
EXECUTION OF THE LAW.
Upon the President, whose duties at that period
included active supervision of all the routine affairs
of government, devolved the task of making the
first enumeration. Just what method he followed
in putting the First Census law into operation is not
definitely known. It is generally supposed that he
or the Secretary of State dispatched copies of the law
to the different marshals, with orders to take the cen-
sus; but a search of the correspondence files of the
State Department, made to ascertain whether this
theory could be substantiated, did not reveal any
record of correspondence with the marshals for 1790
other than that in connection with the transmission
of their commissions.
It has been suggested by some writers that the mar-
shals may have received their instructions through the
governors of the several states. During the early
years of the country's history it was customary to
transmit to the governor of each state, to be commu-
nicated to the legislature, copies of all important
Federal laws. In the files of the State Department
there is a record that in March, 1 790, a circular letter
containing two copies of the census act was sent to
the governors of the several states, and it has been
suggested that this letter may have contained direc-
tions to the governors to issue instructions to the mar-
shals; but the fact that no such instructions are in-
cluded in the list of inclosures given in the following
copy of this letter, which was pubhshed in the Arcliives
of Pennsylvania,' seems inconsistent with this theory:
Office of Secretary of State,
March 31st, 1790.
Sir:
I have the honor to send you, herewith enclosed, two copies, duly
authenticated, of the Act providing for the enumeration of the In-
habitants of the United States; also of the Act to establish an uni-
form rule of naturalization ; also of the Act making appropriations for
the support of the Government for the year 1790, and of being, with
sentiments of the most perfect respect.
Your Excellency's most obed't & most h'ble servant,
TH. JEFFERSON,
flits Excellency The President of Pennsylvania.
■Vol. II, page 679.
THE FIRST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES.
45
This letter does not conclusively disprove the theor}',
for other letters containing the instructions may have
been sent to the governors; but all of the important
correspondence of the governor of Pennsylvania for
the year 1790 is apparently pubhshed in the Archives,
and although otiicr letters from Jefferson are included,
in none is the subject of the census mentioned. In
short, there is little reason to doubt that the Federal
Government dealt directly with Federal representa-
tives in the several states and territories.
The First Census law omitted to make provision for
an enumeration of the inhabitants in the Northwest
and Southwest territories. There is no record of any
enumeration of the Northwest Territory in 1790. At
that time the governor was actively engaged in Indian
warfare, and doubtless it was impossible for him to
undertake a census. At any rate, so far as is known
there was no correspondence between Secretary Jef-
ferson and Governor St. Clair relative to the subject.
In the case of the Southwest Territory, which was
fast being settled, it seems to have occurred to Secre-
tary Jefferson, as an afterthought, that an enumeration
of the inhabitants would be of value, and he accord-
ingly sent the following letter to Governor Blount:
Philadelphia, March 12, 1791.
Sir:
I am honored with your favor of February 17, as I had been
before with that of November 26, both of which have been laid
before the President.
Within a few days the printing of the laws of the 3d. session of
Congress will be completed, and they shall be forwarded to you as
Boon as they are eo.
As the census of all the rc't of the Union will be taken in the
course of this summer, and will not be taken again under ten years,
it is thought extremely desirable that that of your Government
should be taken also, and arranged under the same classes as pre-
scribed by the Act of Congress for the general census. Yet that act
has not required it in your Territory, nor provided for any expense
which might attend it. As, however, you have Sheriffs who will
be traversing their Districts for other purposes, it is referred to you
whether the taking of the census on the general plan, could not be
added to their other dutie?, and as it would give scarcely any addi-
tional trouble, whether it would require any additional reward, or
more than some incidental accommodation or advantage, which,
perhaps, it might be in your power to throw in their way. The
returns by the Sheriffs should be regularly authenticated first by
themselves, and then by you, and the whole sent here as early in
the course of the summer as practicable. I have the honor to be
with great esteem and respect, Sir, &c
TH. JEFFERSON.
As there was no marshal for this territory, for the
purpose of this enumeration Governor Blount was
virtually both governor and marshal. Hence this
letter can hardly be acceptetl as tlirowing any light
on the question whether the marshals received their
instructions from the Secretary of State or from the
state governors.
The suggestion has been advanced that the First
Census act was considered sclf-explanatorj'. The
above letter affords no evidence that Governor Blount
received any instructions regarding the enumeration
other than those contained in the census act. It is
probable that the marshals and assistant marshals
were allowed to interpret the act for themselves. The
form of the returns and of the marshals' summaries
is all l)ut conclusive on this point, since there is no
uniformity among them. The census act indicated
the form of schedule which should be used by the
enumerators, and so far as known all the returns were
made in accordance with this form, except those for
Maine and the Southwest Territory. It also instructed
the marshal to show in his summary the aggregate
number of each description of persons within his dis-
trict, but it did not indicate what subdivisions of the
district should be made. Some of the returns give
only the information required b}' the census act, while
others give much additional information, such as the
number of houses and of families, the excess of males
or of females, and the population of towns, townships,
and principal places.
The enumeration. — The emmicration was ordered to
commence on August 2, 1790, and to close within nine
calendar months. The census law did not require,
however, that the enumerators should prosecute their
work continuously to completion. Tlie dates upon
which the assistants swore to their returns indicate
that many must have worked intermittently; some of
the returns were attested only a few weeks after
August 2, bi\t the majority bear dates several months
later.
Although the area enumerated at the census of
1790 was only a fraction of the area of enumeration at
the present time, it presented serious difficulties for
the enumerator. The boundaries of towns and other
minor civil divisions, and in some cases of counties,
were ill defined, so that the enumerator must often
have been uncertain whether a family resided in his
district or in an adjoining district. This condition
existed particularly in the newly settled portions of
the count IT, where the local government had not been
fidly organized. In man)- sections the danger from
hostile Indians doubtless made travel unsafe for the
enumerator.
The pay allowed the enumerator for his work was
very small, the highest rate imder any conditions be-
ing only -SI for 50 persons, out of which tiie enumerator
had to furnish schedules properh" ruled. In some
cases this was barely enough to pay the expenses of
the enumerator, and in at least one state the marshal
had difficulty in getting enumerators at the estab-
lished rates of paj'. Under these circumstances, it
is reasonable to suppose that manj' of the isolated
househokls of pioneers were not enumerated.
One difficulty encountered by the enumerators in
certain sections of the country was the unwillingness
of the people to give the information required. Many
persons had never before been enumerated. Some
were superstitious regarding a census. An early
colonial enumeration in New York had been followed
46
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
by much sickness; and the people, recalling that a
similar experience had befallen the children of Israel
as the result of an enumeration made b.y King David,
ascribed this sickness directly to the census. But a
very much more patent factor in arousing opposi-
tion to the enumeration was the belief that the census
was in some way connected with taxation.
As predicted in the debate which preceded the adop-
tion of the census act in the House of Representatives,
the enumeration proceeded more rapidly in those
states which had already taken a census than in those
which had not. Samuel Bradford, the enumerator
for the city of Boston and some outlying districts,
began work on August 2, 1790, and on August 21 had
completed the enumeration of the city. His note-
book shows that the work required seventeen working
days, and that he enumerated on an average more than
one thousand persons per day. As his compensation
was $1 for every 300 persons enumerated, his earnings
amounted to more than .|.3 per day — compensation
about equal to that of enumerators to-day, and, with
few if any exceptions, greatly in excess of that earned
by the other enumerators at the First Census.
The enumerators published the results for their
districts as soon as their work was completed, and
many of the newspapers of that period contained fre-
quent statements concerning the population of different
places. The population for the whole of the state of
Massachusetts was first published in the Columbian
Centinel of February 26, 1791. The population of
several towns in Rhode Island was published early in
October, 1790, and the population of the city of
Charleston, S. C, appeared in the Pennsylvania Packet
for November 12 of that year.
It is probable that m all the states, except Vermont
and South Carolina, the enumeration was completed
within the nine months allowed by the census act. In
Vermont the enumeration did not commence until the
first Monday in April, 1791, and was not required to
be completed for five months.
In South Carolina the marshal experienced difficulty
in getting assistants at the lawful rate of pay, and the
enumeration met with some opposition from the
people. In September, 1791, the grand jury of the
Federal district court for Charleston made a present-
ment against six persons for refusing to render an
account of persons in their families as required by the
census act, and also a presentment against one of
the enumerators for neglect of duty in not completing
his district in conformity with the act.' In October
of that year the Representatives of South Carolina in
Congress stated that the census in that state had been
nearly completed, but that the rate of pay was so
small and the conditions such that for certain sections
of the state the marshal had been unable to secure
enumerators; an extension of time and a higher rate
' New York Daily Advertiser, November 1, 1791.
of pay were asked for. An extension of time to
March 1, 1792, was readily granted, but a higher rate
of pa}' was refused. It was stated that as the mar-
shals of some other states, who had complained of the
inadequacy of the compensation allowed, had never-
theless contrived to get the work done at the prescribed
rates, it would be inequitable for Congress to make an
exception in the case of South Carolina. The marshal's
return for this state is dated February 5, 1792, which
was eighteen months and three days after the date
when the enumeration was scheduled to commence.'^
The census in the Southwest Territory was taken by
the captains of the militia, apparently without com-
pensation, on the last Saturday of July, 1791, and
Governor Blount dated his return for the territory
September 19, 1791, stating that five of the captains
had not then reported. From this it would appear
that the census was taken with more dispatch in this
territory than in some of the organized states.
THE RETURNS.
The returns of the enumerators were made to the
marshals. These officials, after having made a sum-
mary showing the ' ' aggregate amount of each descrip-
tion of persons within their respective districts," as
required by law, deposited them, as directed, with the
clerks of the district courts for safe-keeping. The
marshals' summaries were sent direct to the President,
by whom they were turned over to the Secretary' of
State, who made or caused to be made copies thereof,
which were sent to the ministers of the United States
abroad. The President also sent to Congress, on
October 27, 1791, a tabular statement of the results of
the census in each of the states except South Carolina,
where the enumeration had not then been completed.
The return for this state was subsequently communi-
cated on March 3, 1792.
The First Census report contained a return of popu-
lation for all the states b}' counties; in the returns for
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and the
Southwest Territory, the counties were grouped under
districts. For some states the population was given
also by minor civil divisions. Detailed information
of this character was printed wherever the return was
made in detail by the marshal to the Department of
State. In many instances, however, the marshal did
not furnish the Federal Government with the details
which had been supplied to him by the enumerators
under his supervision; consequently, for a large part
of the territory enumerated, no detailed information
was published — nor, indeed, has the population of the
minor civil divisions within the states for which such
- The enumeration, therefore, must have included some persons
not in existence in 1790. It is probable, however, that the
delayed schedules were from the more remote and sparsely settled
sections of the state and added but little to the total population.
Thus to a very small extent the census of 1790 perhaps overstates
the population, with the result that the census of 1800 fails to
show the actual decennial increase.
EARLY CENSUS SCHEDULES
THE FIRST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES.
47
information existed but was not published, been
available heretofore to students, except by consulting
the ori;iiiial schedules.
In Table 104, page 188, is published for the first time a
complete return of the population, at the First Census, of
all the states and territories by counties and minor civil
divisions, so far as theschedules still in existence permit.
The published returns. — The results of the census,
exclusive of the returns for South Carolina, were first
published in book form in 1791, in what is now a very
rare little octavo volume of 56 pages; later editions,
published in 1793 and 1802, included the report for
South Carolina. For the preparation of this volume
little tabulation was required, and no extra clerical
force was employed; the marshals' summaries were
sent direct to the printer, and published in the form in
which they were received, with a summary showing
the population of the United States by states.
For the district of Maine the returns relate only to
the total population, without any of the subdivisions
required by the act. In the returns for the Southwest
Territory, the white males are divided into those 21
(instead of 16) years and over and those under 21
years. The printed returns of the marshals ot all the
other states cover the details required by the census
act as to the number of each class of persons enumer-
ated, but do nut present these details by cities and
towns, except for the states of Maine, New Hamp-
shire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New
York, and part of New Jersey. The prmted results
for the remaining districts are confined to the counties
and a f(>w of the larger cities and towns.
In addition to the information prescribed by the
census act, the marshal for the district of Massachu-
setts gave the number of dwelling houses and of
families in each cit\^ and town covered bj- the report.
The marshal for the district of New York inclutled in
his returns the excess of males or females among the
white j)()pulati()n of each city and to\\-n for which
report was made. In Pennsylvania the enumerators
of the city of I'hiladelphia furnished the occupations
of all heads of famihes enumerated.'
'Clement Biddle, the marshal for the state of Pennsylvania,
published in 1791 a directory of the city of Philadelphia, in which
the names and occupations of many, if not all, of the inhabitants
of the city pro))cr are the same as those of the heads of families
shown in the census schedules. It is possible and perhaps prob-
able that the occupations of the heads of families were obtained in
the census enumeration for use in this directory.
Table 7.— POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AS RETURNED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY STATES: 1790.
Vermont
Niw Hampshire
Maliie
Mi-i^^aotiusetts
Khodo Islatid
( 'OIHU'CtiCUt
Nt'w "^'ork
N 0 w Jersey
I'fnnsylvania
Delaware
Uary land
Virginia
Kentucky
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Total number of Inhabitants of the United States exclusive of Southwest and
Northwest territories
Free white
males of 16
years and
upward,
Including
heads of
families.
22,43.5
36. W*
24,3S4
gs,4»
16,019
60,523
83,700
45,251
110,788
11,783
55,915
110,936
15,154
69,988
35,576
13,103
807,094
Free white
males under
16 years.
Free white
females.
Including
heads of
families.
22,328
34,851
24,748
87,289
15,799
54,403
78,122
41,416
106,948
12,143
51,339
116,135
17,057
77,506
37,722
14,044
40,505
70,160
46,870
190,582
32,652
117,448
152,320
83,287
206,363
22,384
101,395
215,046
28,922
140,710
66,880
25,739
All other
free
persons.
255
630
538
5,463
3,407
2,808
4,654
2,762
6,537
3,899
8,043
12,866
114
4,975
1,801
398
791,850
1,541,263
59,150
Slaves.
'16
158
None.
None.
948
2,764
21,324
11,423
3,737
8,887
103,036
292,627
12,430
100,572
107,094
29,264
694,280
Total.
'85,539
141, 8S5
96,540
378,787
68,825
237,946
340,120
184,139
434,373
•59,094
319,728
747,610
73.677
393,751
249,073
82,548
3,893,635
Free white
males of 21
years and
upward.
Free males
under 21
years of age.
Free white
females.
.Ml other
persons
Slaves.
Total.
.'Southwest Territory.
Northwest Territory.
6,271
10,277
15,365
361
3,417
' The census of 1790, published in 1791, reports 16 slaves in Vermont. .Subsequently, and up to 1S60. the number Is given as 17. .•Vn examination of the original manu-
script returns shows that there never were any slaves in Vermont. The original error occurred In preparing the results for publication, when 16 persons, returned as "free
colored." were cia-sslfied as "slave."
"Corrected figures are &i.425. or 114 less than figures published in 1790, due to an error of addition in the returns for each of the towns of Fairfield, Milton, Shelbume,
and Williston, in the county of Chittenden: Brookfield. Newbury. Randolph, and Stratford. In the county of Orange: Castleton, Clarendon. Hubbardton, Poultney,
Rutland. Shrewsbury, and Wallingford, in the county of Rutland; Dummerston, Guilford, Halifax, and Westminster, 111 the county of Windham; and Woodstock, in
the county of \Vin<lsor.
• Corrected figures are 59,096, or 2 more than figures published in 1790, due to error In addition.
48
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
The varied form of the summaries was probably
due to the fact that the marshals received no instruc-
tions as to the form the summaries should take, other
than a copy of the census act. Most of the variations
which occurred could have been overcome readily by
correspondence and jutlicious editing, but the Secre-
tary of State appears to have accepted the marshals'
summaries as final, making no attempt to secure
uniformity. Moreover, little attention seems to have
been given to the preparation of the printed report of
the First Census, for in some instances the columns
of figures are added incorrectly, indicating either errors
in proof reading or— more probably — inaccuracies in
the manuscript delivered to the State Department and
lack of editorial examination.
Attention is especially invited to the fact that for
some unexplained reason the age classification speci-
fied under the act authorizing the census — the subdi-
vision of wliite males into those 16 years of age and
over and those under 16 years — was varied m the
enumeration of the Southwest Territory, the total
number of white males being divided into those 21
years of age and over and those under 21 years. This
fact makes it impossible to classify the total white
population of the nation by sex and age.
The total population reported by the First Census
caused considerable disappointment. The following
quotations from Jefferson clearly reflect the confident
expectation of the people that a decidedly larger
figure woukl be reahzed.
Under date of January 23, 1791, Jefl'erson wrote:
The census has made considerable progress, but will not be com-
pleted till midsummer. It is judged at present that our numbers
will be between four and five millions. Virginia, it is supposed
will be between 7 and 800,000.'
On August 24,
michael as follows
1791, he wrote to Wilham Car-
I enclose you a copy of our census, which, so far as it is written
in black ink, is founded on actual returns, what is in red ink being
conjectured, but very near the truth. Making very small allowance
for omissions, which we know to have been very great, we may
safely say we are above four millions. -
And again, on August 29, 1791, to William Short
he wrote the following:
I enclose you also a copy of our census, written in black ink so
far as we have actual returns, and supplied by conjecture in red
ink, where we have no returns; but the conjectures are known to
be very near the truth. Making very small allowance for omissions,
which we know to have been very great, we are certainly above
four millions, probably about four millions one hundred thousand.^
It is interesting to note that Washington shared
1 The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. VIII, page 122.
^ Ibid., page 229.
3 Ibid., page 236.
Jefferson's views as to the incompleteness of the re-
turns. Under date of July 28, 1791, ho wrote to
Gouverneur Morris as follows :
In one of my letters to you, the account of the number of inhab-
itants which would probably be found in the United States on enu-
meration was too large. The estimate was then founded on the
ideas held out by the gentlemen in Congress of the population of
the several states, each of whom (as was very natural), looking
through a magnifier, would speak of the greatest e.xtent to which
there was any probability of their numbers reaching. Returns of
the census have already been made from several of the states, and
a tolerably just estimate has been now formed in others, by which
it appears that we shall hardly reach four millions; but this you
are to take along with it, that the real number will greatly exceed
the ofiicial return, because, from religious scruples, some would not
give in their lists; from an apprehension that it was intended as the
foundation of a tax, others concealed or diminished theirs ; and from
the indolence of the mass and want of activity in many of the deputy
enumerators, numbers are omitted. The authenticated number
will, however, be far greater, I believe, than has ever been allowed
in Europe, and will have no small influence in enabling them to
form a more just opinion of our present growing importance than
have yet been entertained there. *
The enumerators' schedules. — It is impossible to
trace clearly the history of the original, or enumera-
tors', schedules. The census act states that the mar-
shals shall deposit them, under a heavy penalt}^ for
failure to do so, with the clerks of the district courts
of their respective districts. The acts for the censuses
of ISOO, 1810, and 1820 contained the same provisions.
By an act of Congress approved May 28, 1830, the
clerks of the several district courts of the United States
were directed to transmit to the Secretary of State
such schedules of the first four censuses as were in their
respective offices.^ The schedules were kept in the
custody of the Secretar}^ of State until the organization
of the Interior Department, in 1849, when they were
transferred, together with the returns of the succeeding
censuses, to the custody of the Secretary of the Inte-
rior. They were kept in a fireproof vault in the Patent
Oflice until June, 1904, when they were transferreil to
the Census Office, where they have since remained.
Some of the volumes appear not to have been as
carefully preserved as the census acts required; from
some volumes sheets have been torn out and lost, while
others are stained, illegible, and partly burned. In
1897 the schedules for all censuses prior to 1890 were
carefully examined, and it was ascertained that for the
censuses of 1790 to 1820, inclusive, the files were in-
complete. The missing schedules for the states and
^The Writings of Washington, Vol. X, pages 176 and 177.
^ It is not certain that the first four census acts had been observed
by the marshals and that this resolution was complied with in all
cases by the clerks of the district courts. The schedules for the
census of 1790 for Rhode Island, however, were forwarded to the
Secretary of State at Washington in compliance with the resolution,
for bound in the schedules is the affidavit dated June 22, 1830, of
the clerk of the district court of that state to the effect that he is
forwarding the said schedules.
THE FIRST CENSUS 01' THE UNITED STATES.
49
territories included in the area of the United States in
1 790 are indicated by asterisks in the following table :
STATE OB TERRITORY.
1790
1800
1810
1830
Rhode Island
•
New Jersey ... . ...
*
*
*
•
•
•
VirKinia
«
South Carolina
•
Georgia (including Alabama land Mississippi)...
*
•
*
*
*
•
*
*
•
*
*
Northwest Territorya (Ohlo.> Indiana. Illinois.
•
' The schedules for Alabama in 1830 are not in existence.
• There is no evidence o( any enumeration of Northwest Territory in 1790.
' The schedules for Ohio in 1820 are in existence.
Of the schedules for all the remaininjj states and
organized territories, those for Arkansas in 1S20 alone
are missing.
With a view to ascertaining the whereabouts of the
missing volumes, the Department of the Interior con-
ducted a correspondence with the heads of the several
Executive Departments at Wasliington, with the
governors of the several states, and, through the De-
partment of Justice, with the clerks of the courts in
said states. None of them could be recovered, how-
ever, nor was it ])0ssible to procure any information
regarding them.
There is a record that the 1790 returns for Virginia
were destroyed when the British burned the Capitol at
Washington during the War of 1S12. But it is a
question whether anything more than the marshal's
summary was burned ; if the First Census law was com-
pUed with, the original returns must have been in the
custody (jf the clerk of the district court of Virginia.
Doctor Chickering, in his ''Statistical View of the
Population of Massachusetts,"* published in 1846,
states that a copy of the 1790 schedules for ilassa-
ehusetts was lost in the destruction of the Patent
Office by fire on December 15, 1836, and that soon
afterwards the original schedules in the district clerk's
office in Massachusetts were ordered to be sent to Wash-
ington to replace the copy destroyed. But the Patent
Office fire here referred to was not discovered until it
had gained such great headway that the persons in the
building barely escaped with their lives. It is proba-
ble tliat all the census returns were kept together; and,
if so, the burning of any ol the returns would doubtless
have meant the destruction of the entire series. More-
over, a report made to Congress by the Commissioner
of Patents, December 28, 1836, giving what purports
to be a complete list of everything lost in the fire,
makes no mention of any census schedules being
burned.
Fortunately, the 1790 schedules for the states which
were most populous at that period, with the excejition
of Virginia, are stil! in existence; and the place of those
for Virginia is taken in some measure by lists of
inhabitants at state enumerations made near the close
' Page 5.
of the Revolutionary War. As shown bj' the aggre-
gate returns for the six in(iuiries at the First Census,
the relative importance of the omitted states (includ-
ing Virginia) is as follows:
ELEMENTS Of THE POPinjlTION.
Total population.
Total
returns.
3.929,625
White population ] 3,172,444
Free white males 10 years and
upward, including heads of
families
Free white males under 16
years
Free while females, mciudlng
heads of families
All other free persons.
Slaves
815,098
800,063
1,556,683
59,557
697,624
KETtTBKa rOB WHICH SCBEDinxS
Preserved.
Lost.
Number.
2,6S4,499 1,245,126
2,327,262 I
845,182
600,928
580,114
1,146,222
33,253
318,984
214, 172
220,549
410,401
21,304
378,040
Per cent
of total
returns.
31.7
20.C
26.3
27.5
26.4
35.8
54.3
For each of the inquiries relating to white persons,
the proportion represented by the lost schedules is
about one-fourth; for free negroes, one-third; and
for slaves, slightly more than one-half. Most of the
slaves for which the schedules are lost were reported
by "\'irginia.
The schedules of the First Census on file in the
Census Office are as follows:
Maine 1 volume.
New Hampshire 2 volumes.
Vermont 2 volumes.
Mas.sachusetts 1 volume.
Rhode Island 1 volume.
Connecticut 3 volumes.
New York 4 volumes.
Pennsylvania 8 volumes.
Maryland 2 volumes.
North Carolina 2 volumes.
South Carolina 1 volume.
Total 27 volumes.
These volumes tlill'er widely in siiape and size. The
paper for the schedules was furnished by the enumer-
ators themselves, and is of many different kinds. It
varies from 4 to 36 inches in length, the longer sheets
requiring several folds. Many enumerators used
merchants' account books, journals, or ledgers;
others used large sheets of paper, neatly ruled and
folded. The headings were generally wTitten in by
hand, but printed headings were used on the schedules
for Massachusetts and for one district of New York.
All of the schedules for Massachusetts are on printed
blanks of uniform size, a fact which suggests that the
blanks were furnished or sold to the enumerators by
the marshal. Most of the volumes contain the sched-
ules of several enumerators, though a few enumerators
handed in schedules sufficient to fill a whole volume.
For a binding sometimes an old newspaper, heavy
wTapping paper, or a piece of wall paper was used.
50
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
In 1897 the 1790 schedules were paged, arranged,
and indexed by the Department of the Interior, and
carefully repaired with transparent silk to prevent
further deterioration.
In the returns of some of the enumerators the names
of heads of families are arranged alphabetically,
indicating that they were copied from preliminary
notes gathered while making the enumeration. In
many cases the name of a minister, as being the chief
personage in a town, heads the list, regardless of
alphabetical or other arrangement. Many of the
entries are picturesque. Few men had more than one
Christian name; hence, in order to make it clear what
person was meant, additional information was often
given, as "Leonard Clements (of Walter)," "Sarah
Chapman, (Wid. of Jno.)," "Walter Clements (Corn-
wallis Neck)." In the Southern states there were
many plantations whose owners Avere absent at the
time of the enumeration; frequently the name of the
owner was given, with large holdings of slaves, but
not one white person enumerated. Some slaves who
were living apart from their owners, either alone or as
heads of households, were entered separately, as "Peter,
negro (Chas. Wells property)." Heads of free colored
families were often stated to be "free," as "Ruth,
Free negro," "Brown, John (free mulatto)." Some enu-
merators obtained the number of free colored males, as
well as of free whites, above and below 16 years of age.
IV, AREA AND TOTAL POPULATION.
AREA— POPULATION— POPULATION BY AREAS
OF ENUMERATION— BY STATES AND TER-
R IT O R I E S— D E N S I T Y OF POPULATION.
In the preceding pages of this publication the origin
of census operations has been pointed out from the
historical point of view, and there have been succes-
sively considered the population of the several colonies
in the Colonial and Continental periotls. the extent
and the material condition of the Republic in the year
in which the First Census was taken, and the enact-
ment and operation of the First Census legislation.
The tables and text in this chapter and in those
which follow are based upon analysis and inspection
of census returns, and constitute the first systematic
discussion of the results of the First Census. In many
instances the figures presented may be accepted as
basic, and thus as furnishing data by which can be
measured the changes that have occurred during
more than a century of American census taking, in
connection witii the subjects considered; in others they
are offered frankly as approximations, substantially
accurate, and bearing upon economic subjects which
are of great importance but for which no figures of any
kind have ever before been presented.
Prior to 1S50 census reports contained no analysis
of census returns. The odicials of the Department
of State, who were charged with the taking and pub-
lishing of the Federal census, were content to present
tabulations without making any attempt to point out
the most important results. A period of more than
half a century elapsed after the First Census before the
economic significanco of census returns — the im-
portance oi which had been pointed out by Mr.
Madison in the debate in the First Congress upon the
act providing for the enumeration — was even par-
tially appreciated.
Under the most favorable conditions, however, com-
paratively little could have been written in 1792
concerning the results of the First Census. The
science of statistics was in its infancy, and analysis
and interpretation of statistics were nowhere at-
tempted. Moreover, had the officials of the Federal
Government presented an anal3-sis of the returns, the
entire discussion necessarily would have been con-
fined to pointing out the more noteworthy facts indi-
cated by the actual census data derived from the five
inquiries comprising the schedule. The chief value of
census statistics lies in a comparison of the returns of
one period with those of another; but as this was the
first census of the United States, no comparable figures
existed by which to measure change, unless the partial
enumerations and the estimates of population avail-
able from the later Colonial and Continental periods
be regarded as roughly comparable.
It is clear, therefore, that an analysis and compari-
son of the meager information secured at the First
Censu.s can be made most effective after the lapse of
at least a century of periodic census taking. Hence
such conclusions as can be drawn from the studies
which appear in this publication probably possess
greater value, because they cover an entire century
of perspective, than conclusions which might have
been drawn at some earlier period.
Consideration of the basic facts relating to popula-
tion which were secured at the First Census confirms
the belief that the returns obtained, when <-arefully
tested and examined, supply practically all the statis-
tical information that reasonablj^ could have been ex-
pected of that period. In 1700 the United States was
a sparsely settled country, and great value attached
even to a mere coimt of population. But as social and
economic problems grew more complex with the in-
crease of population, tlie importance of detailed knowl-
edge concerning the human units comprising the nation
became nuich greater. Moreover, increase in wealth
and political influence has created economic problems
which were unknown in 1790.
AREA.
The Repubhc began its career as a nation nominally
possessing an area of 843,246 stiuare miles, of which
820,377 square miles constituted land area. Of the
latter total, however, only 417,170 square miles are
included witliin the limits of the states and territories
which were enumerated in 1 790. The total area of the
United States in 1000 was more than four times, and
that of continental I'nited States was nearly four times,
the total area in 1790. The enumerated area within
(51)
CHANGES IN AREA FOR ONE HUNDRED AND TEN YEARS.
1790
1800
810
1820
1830
840
CHANGES IN AREA FOR ONE HUNDRED AND TEN YEARS.
1850
1861
870
1880
1890
1900
76292—09 5
54
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
continental United States increased more than seven-
fold during the century.
According to the Twelfth Census Statistical Atlas,
the "settled" area of the country in 1790— that is,
the area having a population density of at least 2
persons per square mile — comprised 239,935 square
miles, wliile in 1900 the settled area of continental
United States was 1 ,925,590 square miles. Deducting
1,000 square miles for settled areas in the Northwest
Territory, which was not enumerated in 1790, it
appears that areas having a density of less than 2
persons per square mile formed nearly 43 per cent of
the enumerated area in 1790, and but little over 35
per cent of the enumerated area witliin continental
United States in 1900.
The following table embodies the result of an attempt
to estimate the area of enumeration within continental
United States at each census :
Table 8 -LAND AREA OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, OF AREA OF ENUMERATED IN 1790 AND OF ADDED
AREA: 1790 TO 1900.
LAND ABEA (SQUARE MILES) OF
CONITNENTAL UNITED STATES.
Total.
Enumerated.
CENSUS TEAK.
Continental United
States.
Enumerated in 1790.2
Added to area of enumeration
since 1790.
Unenu-
Total.
Settled (at
least 2 per-
sons per
square
nule).i
Unsettled.
Settled (at
least 2 per-
sons per
square
mile).
Unsettled.
Total.
Settled (at
least 2 per-
sons per
square
mile).
Unsettled.'
merated.
820,377
820,377
1,699.761
1,754,622
1,754,622
1.754,622
2,943,142
2,974,159
2, 974. 159
2,974,159
2,974.159
2,974.159
< 417. 170
434,670
556. 010
688.670
877, 170
1.183,870
1,519.170
1.951.520
2,126.290
2, 727. 454
2.974.159
2, 974, 159
5 238,935
305,708
407.945
508,717
632.717
807.292
979,249
1,194,754
1,272,239
1,569.565
1,947.280
1,925,590
178,235
128,962
148,065
179,953
244,453
376,578
539,921
756,766
854.051
1,157.889
1,026.879
1,048,569
'238,935
295.708
329.945
. 358, 717
382,717
397.292
399,249
399, 754
400,239
403.565
407,280
410.590
178,235
121,462
87,225
58, 453
34, 453
19,878
17,921
17,416
16,931
13,605
9,890
6,580
403,207
17,500
138,840
271,500
460,000
766.700
1,102,000
1,534.350
1,709,120
2,310,284
2,556,989
2,556,989
10.000
78.000
150.000
250.000
410.000
580, 000
795,000
872.000
1,166.000
1.540.000
1,515,000
7,500
60,840
121,500
210,000
356, 700
522,000
739,350
837. 120
1.144.284
1,016.989
1,041,989
385.707
1.143.751
1820
1,065,952
877,452
1840
570. 752
1850
1.423,972
1,022.639
1870
847.869
1JJ80
6 246.705
1 Twelfth Census Statistical Atlas, Plates 2 to 13 and pages 26 to 36. The separation into the area enumerated in 1790 (column 5) and the added area (column 8) Is esti-
mated.
• For each census, the sum of columns 5 and 6 is 417,170. See footnote 4.
» Estimated from the settled area (column S) by the use of a graduated series of percentages— from 75 per cent in 1800 to 90 per lent in 1870.
< The land area shown tis enumerated in 1790 includes an esthnale of 17.841 lor those counties of Georeia which were enumerated in that year: for all other states and
territories included in the area of enumeration the total land area is used, l)eeause some portion of every county was enumerated.
1 Excluding an estimate of 1 .000 square miles for the settled area in the Northwest Territory, which was not enumerated in 1790.
6 Land area of Indian Territory and Oklahoma— 69,414 square miles, according to Census Bulletin 71— together with the area of Indian reservations in states and organ-
ized territories added to the area of enumeration since 1790— amounting to 177,291 square miles, according to the Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1880.
POPULATION.
March 3, 1792, President Washington reported to
Congress that the population of the Repubhc was
3,929,214. A recount in 1908 of the population
enumerated at the First Census, from all those sched-
ules in which the handwriting remains sufficiently
legible to indicate that no error of tabulation need
occur because of mutilation or age, shows that the
official figures reported to Congress and pubhshed in
1792 should have been increased by at least 411
persons. It was possible to revise accurately the
returns of only nine of the states, since, as it will be
remembered, the schedides for New Jersey, Delaware,
Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, and the Southwest Ter-
ritory are no longer in existence. Those for Mary-
land and South CaroHna, although for the most part
in existence, are in some cases mutilated or illegible,
making it impossible to attempt revision of the re-
turns for those states.
So far as is now known, no enumeration was made
in the territory northwest of the Oliio river; in fact,
an historian of a little later period declares that "the
number of inhabitants in tliis large tract of country
has never been ascertained."' Governor St. Clair
estimated that in 1790 the territory contained only
about 4,000 inhabitants, widely scatteretl in detached
settlements between which there was but httle com-
munication, and which were so hedged about by
hostile Inchans that for many years their cliief con-
cern was to protect themselves against uprisings and
massacres. Jedediah Morse estimated the white pop-
' Winterbotham: View of the United States of America (1796),
Vol. II, page 487.
AREA AND TOTAL POPUI.ATIOX.
55
ulation of the territory in 1792 at 7,820/ scattered
among a few frontier settlements and outposts.
' From the best data the author has received, the population may
be estimated, five years ago, as follows:
Indians (supposed) 05, 0001
OMIo (_'ompany purchase 2,500
Colonel Synitnos'ssc'tllciuents 2,OOoil792
Galliopolis I FreiK'h sf'tlfiiients opposite Kanttaway river) ] l,OOo(
V'incenncs an<l its vi<-inity, on tiio Wabash l,50ol
Kiiskaslcias unci taholtia ti*01,,Q«
At Grand liuisseau, village of St. Philip, and Prairie.<iu-rocbcr!i 240/ "'
Total 72, 820
In 1790 there were in the town of Vincennes about 40 American
families and 31 slaves, and on the Mississippi, 40 American fami-
lies and 73 slaves, all included in the above estimate. On the
Spanish or western side of the Mississippi there were in 1790 about
1,800 souls, principally at Genevieve and St. Louis. The lands on
the various rivers which water this territory are interspersed with
all the variety of soil which conduces to pleasantness of situation
and lays the foundation for the wealth of an agricultural and manu-
facturing people. — Jedediah Morse: American Gazetteer, Boston, 1797.
Accepting Governor St. Clair's conservative esti-
mate of 4,000 inhabitants in the Northwest Territory,
allowing a population of 1,000 for the five districts
of the Southwest Territory — three in Greene county,
one in Davidson county, and one south of the
French Broad river — for which no returns were ever
received, and correcting the known shortage of 411,
the total population of the United States in 1790 was
3,934,625.
Population by areas of enumeration. — The advance of
population with each decade, as, Uttle b}' httle, vast
areas of territory were added to tiie national domain,
is shown in the following table:
Table 9.— POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, CLASSIFIED BY AREAS OF ENUMERATION: 1790 TO 1900.'
AREA EXtTMERATED—
1790
1800
1810
1820 1 1830
1840
1860
1860
1870
18S0
I880> 1S00>
In 1900
1 1
•76,303,387
71: nto tat
In 1890
1
R9 07a 7»'ft
In 1880
In 1860 and 1870
31 , 443, .121 38, .M8, 371 50, 1.55, 783 62! 688,' 057
75,204,184
70,807,006
64,806,614
60,823.367
60,294,825
5-1,494,971
In 1S50
23,191,876
In 1840
* 17,069,453
•y.wm 4tifi.in n7« 946 .-it. 947 iiuj.^ -no (j.-> sj'ion'oij
In 183!)
'12,866,020
12,825,972
12,4,39.390
in 240 •>■*■!
17. 019,890 i2! 602! 175 ia.'.jj^iiojliois,' '.'S3 ■!2!807!'. 74 iiims' 334
16, 965, 413 1-2, 514, 730 29, (191. 881, 34, 426. V.-i5 42,.537. 781 50, 716, 912
16, 131, 726 21, 105.027 26, 71.1,. 422 31. 193. S.'V) 38. 6i6. 930 45, 780, 9i8
In ISlOand 1820
In 1.800
In 1790
"3,'929,'62S
'5,'368,'483
5,247,355
61,128
7,239,881
7, 142.JSn
6,779,3J8
460,573
9, 638. 4. 53
9.4l)-l.!S7
Total added area. .
l,344,58ll » 2, 625, 788
1 1 1 1 1 '
< 5. 288, 222! 8, 622, 292 14, 117, 164 18. 870,867 26, 2C3, 570 34, 791, 445 »«2, 749, 757
First in 1800
61, 128
363, 172
97,401
1 110 318) 2. 199 l.W
4,350,495
833,087
54,477
< 49, 503
6,535 443 9 440 265 n 8nf. n.lni4 7nl 'Oi 17 loo ra7 on oji iai
First in 1810
234,266
380. .582
1,409,703 2,315,464
87,445 140.424
198, :91' 846,930
391,410 1 181 .147
2.932,181 3,910;851 4i9:5i984, 5[799]854
First in 1830
> 40, 048
First in 1840
1,033.7:6 2.405,388 3.:22,580
1.682,022 3,010.295 4.583,165
618 640 1 9.19 «9fl .1 7ftJ Q7ft
3,983.247
6,060,392
4,337.178
63.592
First in 1850
First in 1860
182,5:8
First iu 1880
First in 1890
« 258] 657
First in 1900
1
•245,220
1
i 1
I In compiling this tabic it was first determined what states, or parts of states, were included within the prea of enumeration added to continental t'nlted States during
each decade. The population of ea<'h aii<icd area wa,s then compared with tlie total population of the same states at each succeeding census. Tl.c area added during each
decade is Ijriefly dcscrilu'd in the foliowini; paraf:raplis:
1790 to 1,800: The five states entirely within tile limits of the Northwest Territory— Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin— together with western Georgia,
Alabama, and Mississippi. Practically all of this area was within the limits of the United States in 1790, but was not enumerated.
1800 to 1810: Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri. The rest of the Louisiana Purchase (1803) was not enumerated in 1810.
1810 to 1820: There was no new state or territory added to the area of enumeration. Florida was purchased in 1819, but was not enumerated In 1820.
1820 to 1830: Florida.
1830 to 1840: Minnesota and Iowa.
1840 to 1850: Texas. New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Washington, Oregon, and California. Beginning with 1860, the population of the Oadsden Purchase (1853) Is Included
with this area because It could not l>c oiitained separately.
1850 to IHiin: North Daliota. South Dakota. .Nebraska. Kansas, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and Nevada.
1860 to isro: There was no new state or territory added to the area of eniuneration. Alaska was purchased In 1867, but was not enumerated In 1870.
1870 to 18.80: Alaska.
1880 to 1H90: Indian Territory and Oklahoma.
1890 to 19IKI: Hawaii.
> The population of Indian reservations, which were first enumerated In 1890, Is here Included with that of the areas In which located.
' Includinc 91.219 persons stationed al)road, in the miiitarv and naval service of the United States.
' Includini! 6,100 persons stationed aliroad, in the military and naval service of the United States.
' Including 5,318 persons stationed abroad, In the military and naval service of the United States.
Upon comparing the growth, in extent and in pop-
ulation, of the area enumerated in 1790 with that of
continental United States as a whole, it appears that the
gradual decline in the proportionate extent and popula-
tion of the original area, as compared with the whole of
continental United States, is merely a reflection of the
growth of the added area in extent and population.
The added area had outstripped the original area
in extent by 1830, but its population did not pass
that of the original area until 1880. Increase in the
younger states continued to outstrip increase in the
older states, so that in 1900 the original area formed
less than one-seventh of the area of continental United
States, and its population was less than half of the total.
In 1900 the total population of the added area exceeded
that of the original area by more than nine millions, the
excess being more than one-third of the total popula-
tion of the original states at the Twelfth Census, and
almost three times the entire white population of the
Republic in 1790.
50
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 10.
-COMPARISON OF GROWTH IN AREA AND POPULATION, FOR THE TOTAL AREA OF CONTINENTAL UNITED
STATES AND FOR THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790: 1790 TO 1900.
AREA OF ENUMERA-
TION.
POPULATION.
INCREASE OF POPULATION OVER
PRECEDING CENSUS.
PER CENT OF INCREASE OF POP-
tTLATION OVER PRECEDING
CENSUS.
YEAR.
Square
miles.
Per cent
area enu-
m'erated
in 1790
fonns of
total
area enu-
merated
at each
census.
Total.
Of area enumerated
in 1790.
Total.
For area enumerated
in 1790.
Total.
For area
enumer-
ated in
1790.
Number.
Per cent
of total.
Number.
Per cent
of total.
For
added
area.
1790
417,170
434,670
556.010
688,670
877.170
1,183,870
1,519,170
1.951.520
2.126.290
2.727,454
2.974,159
2,974,159
100.0
96.0
75.0
60.6
47.6
35.2
27.5
21.4
19.6
15.3
14.0
14.0
3,929,625
5.308,483
7,239,881
9. 638, 453
12.866,020
17,069.453
23.191,876
31.443.321
38.558.371
50.189,209
62.979,766
76,303,387
3,929,625
5,247,355
6,779,308
8.293,869
10. 240, 232
11,781,231
14,569,584
17.326,157
19.687,504
23,925,639
28.188,321
33,553,630
100.0
98.8
93.6
86.0
79.6
69.0
62.8
55.1
51.1
47.7
44.8
44.0
1800
1,378,858
1,931,398
2,398,572
3,227,667
4,203,433
6,122,423
8.251.445
7.115.050
11,630,838
12.790.557
13.323,621
1,317,730
1,531,953
1,514,561
1,946,363
1,540.999
2.788.353
2.756.573
2.361.347
4, 238. 135
4,262,682
5,365.309
95.6
79.3
63.1
60.3
36.7
45.5
33.4
33.2
36.4
33.3
40.3
35.1
36.4
33.1
33.5
32.7
35.9
35.6
22.6
30.2
25.5
21.2
33.5
29.2
22.3
23.5
15.0
23.7
18.9
13.6
21.5
17.8
19.0
1810
653.5
1820
191.9
1830
9.5.3
1840
101.4
1850
63. 0
I860
1870
1880
1890
63.7
33.7
39.2
32.5
1900
22.9
For every decade the percentage of increase in num-
ber of inhabitants was less for the area enumerated in
1790 than for the United States as a whole. During
the first half of the century, with one exception, the
increase in the area enumerated in 1790 was approx-
imately from one-fourth to one-third. Since that
period it has exceeded 20 per cent only ' once — in
1880. The effects of the Civil War and of migration
to the West and Southwest are shown by an increase
of but 13.6 per cent for 1870. The j)ercentage of
increase for 1900, however, was liigher than that
showTi for 1890, and was close to the percentage
for 1880 — the liighest percentage shown during the
last half century. This fact suggests certain com-
paratively recent causes of increase in the original
area, some of which are alluded to elsewhere in this
report.^
Up to 1860 the increase in the population of the
added area is not significant, because the continual
accessions of territory affect the comparability of the
returns. Since that year large areas nominally in-
cluded within the territory enumerated have been
opened up to settlement, but the only definite geo-
graphic area addetl to the area of enumeration is that
comprised in Indian Territory and Oklahoma. Since
1860 the percentage of increase in the population of the
added area has not reached 40 per cent; from 1880
to the Twelfth Census the percentage steadily dimin-
ished until, converging from widely separated extremes
in the earlier decades of the century, in 1900 the per-
centage of increase in both sections had become nearly
the same. Tliis fact reflects the rapid settlement of
continental United States, and tlie disappearance of
any considerable areas which could be regarded as
' See page 127.
unsettled regions. At the close of the century every
portion of the national domain had been erected into
states, or into territories the boundaries of wliich are
not hkely to change materially upon acqiuring state-
hood; and these were again fully subdivided into
counties, cities, and towns. In consequence, toward
the close of the century conditions in the added area
tended to resemble more and more closely those long
existing in the original area.
Population iy states and territories. — Table 1 1 pre-
sents the marvelous growth in population, during the
one hundred and ten years wliich have elapsed, of
the states and territories enumerated in 1790.
Attention has already been called, in a preceding
chapter, to the significant constancy in the percentage
of increase in the population of the colonies for nearly
a century and a half prior to the First Census of the
United States. The accompanying diagram illustrates
this fact and the continuance of practically uniform
percentages from 1660 to 1860.
From the First Census to the Twelfth the aggregate '
population of the states enumerated in 1790 increased
ahiiost tenfold . This increase resulted both from the
contributions of the original elements (those persons,
both white and negro, enumerated at the First Census)
and from the addition of large numbers of foreigners
arriving after 1790 and locating in the New England
and Middle states. In view of the generous contribu-
tions which the original states of the Union were mak-
ing toward the development and peopling of the vast
areas opened to settlement (and for the most part
erected into states) since 1790 — nearly eight times as
great as the entire area actually enumerated in 1790 —
this achievement, during the brief period of one cen-
tury, must be regarded as a remarkable one.
♦
AREA AND TOTAL POPULATION.
57
Tahi.e 1 1.— population OF THE UNITED STATES AND OF EACH STATE OR TERRITORY ENUMERATED IN 1790:
1790 TO 1900.
STATE OR TERRITOKY.
United States
Area enumerated in 1790.
New England.
Maine
Now Hampshire.
Vermont
Massachusetts —
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle states.
New York
New Jersey . . .
Pennsylvania.
Delaware
Southern states .
Maryland and District of
Columbia
VirRiiiia and West Vir-
Rinia
North Carolina
South Carolina
(leorcia
Kentucky
Tennessee
Added area.
1790
3,929,625
3,929,625
1,009,206
96,043
141,899
85,341
378,5515
69,112
237,655
1,017,087
340,241
184,139
4:«,611
59,096
1,903,332
319,728
747,610
395,005
249,073
82,548
73,677
35,091
1800
5,308,483
5,247,355
1,233,011
151,719
183,858
154,465
422,845
09,122
251,002
1810
I8!0
7,239,881 9,638,453
6,779,308 8,293,869
1,471,973
589,051
211,149
602,365
64,273
2,547,506
355,641
880,200
478,103
345,591
161,414
220,955
105,602
61,128
228,705
214,460
217,895
472,040
70,931
261,942
2,087,376
,060,071
959,049
245,562
810,091
72,674
3,219,959
404,569
974,000
5.55,500
415,115
201,937
400,511
261,727
460,573
298,335
244, 101
2.35,981
52;i,2H7
83,059
275,248
2,772,594
1,372,812
277,575
1,049, 4.58
72,749
3,861,204
440,389
1,065,300
638, S29
.502,741
220,739
564,317
422,823
1,. 344,. 584
18S0
IMO
12,866,020 17,069,453
23,191,876
10,240,232 111, 781, 231
1,954,717
399,455
209,. 328
280, 0.W
010,408
97,199
297,075
3,664,412
1,918,608
320,823
1,348,233
70,748
4,021,103
2,234,822
486,874
1,211,405
737,987
.581, IM
23.3. 831
(«7,917
681,904
2,625,788
501,793
284,574
291,948
737,699
108,830
309,978
4,604,345
2,428,921
373,300
1,724,033
78,085
4,942,064
513,731
1,239,
7.53,
594
231
779,
5,288,222
1860
31,443,321 [38,558,371
14,569,584
2,728,116
583,169
317,976
314,120
994,514
147,545
.170,792
.5,990,207
3,097,394
489,555
2,311,786
91,532
5,851,201
634,721
1,421,661
869,039
668,507
272,151
982,405
1,002,717
8,622,292
I860
1870
17,326,157 19,687,504
1880
1890
50,186,209 62,979,766 76,303,387
1900
23,925,639 28,188,321 '33,.'»3,030
3,135,283 3,487,924 4,010,529 4,700,749 5,592,017
628,279 I
326,073 I
315,098 '
l,2;il.00('.
174,620
400, 147
626,915
318,300
330,551
1,4.57,351
217,3.53
537,454
7,571,201 I 8,935,821
rf, 880, 735
672,035
2,900,215
112,216
6,619,073
762,129
1,596,318
992,022
703,708
299,411
1,155,684
1,109,801
14,117,164
4,.382,759
906,096
3,.521,951
125,015
7,263,759
912,594
1,667,177
1,071,301
7a5,606
327,490
1,321,011
1,258,520
18,870,867
648,936
346,991
332,286
1,783,085
270,. 531
622,700
661,086
376,530
3ri,422
2,238,947
345,506
746,258
694,466
411,588
343,li41
2,805,346
428,. 550
908,420
10,643,486 |l2,874,713 15,639,413
5,082,871
1,131,116
4,282,891
146,608
9,271,624
6,003,174
1, 444, 9.33
5,258,113
168,493
10,612,859
1,112,567
2,131,022
1,399,750
995,. 577
441,659
1,648,690
1,542,359
26,263,570
1,272,782
2,418,774
1,617,949
1,151,149
526,052
1,858,035
1,707,518
34,791,445
DiAdRAM .3.— PER CENT OP INCREASE IN POPULATK^N BY DECADES FROM 1(>50 TO 1900.
7,208,894
1,883,0)19
6,302,115
184,735
12,322,200
1,466,702
2,812,984
1,893,810
1,340,316
640, .5.38
2,147,174
2,020,616
42,749,757
65
60
55
SO
4&
40
V
/
\
s
/
V
\
^
S^
y
36
30
25
20
IS
10
5
\
y
/
N
/
\
\
/
\
\
"^
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
1 t
i
3 (
•n c
3 <
■> <
3 <
} <
0 <
5 <
3 C
3 <
■> (
5 <
> c
5 C
3 C
5 O
58
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Dividing the area enumerated in 1790 into three
geographic groups, it is found that between 1790
and 1900 the population of the New England states
increased slightly more than fivefold; that of the
Middle states, more than fifteenfold ; and that of the
Southern states, more than sixfold. Tliis record of
population change suggests that the most striking
increase has taken place in the two states which are
the greatest centers of commerce, mining, and manu-
facturing— New York and Permsylvania.
The per cent of decennial increase in the total popu-
lation of the United States from 1790 to 1900 was as
follows :
1790 to 1800 35. 1
1800 to 1810 36. 4
1810 to 1820 33. 1
1820 to 1830 33. 5
1830 to 1840 32. 7
1840 to 1850 35. 9
1850 to 18C0 35. 6
1860 to 1870 22. 6
1870 to 1880 30. 1
1880 to 1890 25. 5
1890 to 1900 21. 2
It is significant that from 1790 to 1860, a period of
seventy years, the percentages of decennial increase in
total population remained reasonably constant. Tliis
is illustrated by the fact that the increase of popula-
tion for the first decade, 1790 to 1800, was 35.1 per
cent, while the increase for the seventh decade, 1850
to 1860, was 35.6 per cent.
Such noteworthy uniformity of increase naturally
led to opinions and prophecies concerning the future
population of the Repubhc winch proved to be erro-
neous. President Lincoln, in his annual message to
Congress in 1862,' fell into the error of assuming that
the increase of population, because constant for more
than half a century, would so continue, and upon that
assumption predicted for 1900 a population much
greater than was actually realized.
From 1850 to 1900 the decennial percentage of
increase for the total population steadily decHned,
except for the decade 1870 to 1880, following the
Civil War; for the last decade of the century only 21.2
per cent increase was shown. It is probable, more-
over, that the downward tendency here shown has
not been arrested.
Density of population. — In 1790 the density of the
enumerated area was a little less than 10 persons per
square mile. With the passage of the century the
' "At the same ratios of increase which we have maintained, on
an average, from our first national census of 1790 until that of 1860,
we should in 1900 have a population of 103,208,415 (in 1910, 138,-
918,526). And why may we not continue that ratio far beyond that
period? Our abundant room — our broad, natural homestead — is
our ample resource. * * * Our country may be as populous as
Europe now is at some point between 1920 and 1930 — say about
1925 — our territory, at 73J persons to the square mile, being of
capacity to contain 217,186,000" — Messages of the Presidents, Vol
Vl, pages 1S8, 139.
density of the same area has increased practically nine-
fold, and that of continental United States as a whole
has nearly trebled.
Table 12. — Density of population per square mile: 1790 and I'JOO.
Continental United States.,
Area enumerated in 1790
New England states..
Maine
New Hampshire.
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island . . . .
Connecticut
Middle states.
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania.
Delaware
Southern states.
Maryland and District of Columbia.
Virginia and West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia'
Kentucky
Tennessee
Added area'.
1790
9.4
1900
9.4
80.4
16.3
3.2
15.8
9.3
47.1
63.4
49.1
10.0
7.1
24.7
9.6
30.2
7.S
32.2
11. S
8.1
8.3
4.6
1.8
0.9
90.2
23.2
45.7
37.6
348.9
407.0
187.5
153.2
152.6
250. 3
140.1
94.3
49.4
147.9
43.4
39.0
44.4
a'i.9
53.7
48.4
16.7
' Georgia counties covering an area of 17,841 square miles were enumerated in
1790. The rest of the state is included in the added area.
In 1790 Rhode Island, the smallest state enumerated,
reported the largest number of inhabitants per square
mile, and in 1900 it still retained first position. But
the density of this state increased less than sevenfold
during the century ; and that of Massachusetts, which
was second in rank in 1900, increased less than eight-
fold. The great increase in density shown during the
century for the entire area enumerated in 1790 was
contributed principally by those portions of New
York, Pennsylvania, and the Southern states which
were sparsely populated in 1790. For example, Ken-
tucky increased thirtyfold and Teimessee fiftyfold.
States showing density, in 1900, less than average for U. S. in 1790.
Upon inspecting the density of population in the
states comprising the Union in 1900, as shown in the
Population Reports of the Twelfth Census,'' it becomes
^ Twelfth Census, Report on Population, Part I, page xxxiii.
AREA AND TOTAL POPULATION.
59
evident that no states except Florida, North Dakota,
South Dakota, and the Western states now have a
density of less than 10 persons per square mile, or, in
other words, a density as low as the density of popula-
tion for the entire area enumerated in 1790. Applying
to the population of the different areas of enumeration
in continental United States the land area of the states
and territories included, the following figures result:
Table 13.— DENSITY OF POPULATION IN SPECIFIED AREAS OF ENUMERATION WITHIN CONTINENTAL UNITED
STATES: 1790 TO 1900.
ABEA ENTJMEBATED—
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
In lS90and 1900
1
1
21.2
21.6
28.6
46.9
SOO
52.4
57.2
67.6
13.6
25.6
In IKW, 1870, and 1880
1
10.8
15.2
2G.0
28.0
30.1
33.4
41.5
6.7
13.3
18.4
31.3
33.8
35.6
39.3
47.2
7.6
i7.3
23.4
£9.0
41.9
44.0
48.2
57.4
10 6
25.9
In 1850
11.3
19.7
22.1
23.3
26.3
34.9
6.3
34 4
In 1840
14.7
16.6
17.5
20.1
28.2
7.1
55.9
In 1820
12.6
13.3
15.5
24.5
4.3
60 5
In 1810 and 1820
7.5
8.9
16.3
0.8
io.o
•11.7
19.9
2.4
62.3
In IhOO
6.0
12.6
0.2
68.0
In 1790
9.4
o0.4
16.7
First In 1800...
0.2
0.9
0.6
2.9
1.4
5.7
2.3
0.6
11.3
5.0
1.0
0.3
17.0
8.5
1.6
1.5
0.4
24.6
14.0
2.6
6.2
1.3
0.2
30.8
17.6
3.4
12.0
1.9
0.7
38.3
23.5
4.9
17.6
3.3
2.3
45.8
29.6
7.1
23.6
5.1
4.5
2.0
54.6
First in 1810
34.8
First In 18o0
9.6
First in 1840
29.2
First in 1850 ,
6.7
First in 18t0 T
6.1
First in 1890 . .
8.3
Diagram 4. — Increase in density in original a7id added area: 1790 to
1900.
90
60
/
70
/
/
50
/
^/
/
30
20
0
0
/
/
/
y
y
/
,''
^
,^''
--''
— —
^pc
£0,.
1790 1800 1810 1820 leaO I840 IQbO 1860 1870 I8B0 1890 1900
Between 1790 and 1900 the density of population in
the area enumerated in 1790 increased nearly nine-
fold. In the same period the density of the added
area as a whole increased from nothing to 16.7, so that
in 1900 it was about one-fifth as great as that of the
original area.
The above table shows very clearly that detailed
comparisons between the original and tlie added area
are hkely to be misleading, because of the composite
character of the latter. The areas added in 1800,
1810, and 1840, which together comprise practically
all of the states tying in the fertile valley of the
Mississippi and east of that river, had attained in 1 900
a density of from .30 to 50 persons per square mile. In
Florida, which includes large areas of swamp land, the
density after seventy years was only 9.7 persons per
square mile. AVest of the Mississippi the densitj'^ is not
very great ; but it has doubled in the twenty )'ears since
1880, and will doubtless continue to increase.
The changes in density during the century illustrate
effectively the influence of industrial development upon
the growth and the movement of population. In
several states of the original area this influence h:is
produced conditions, and resulting densities, wliich
approximate those of some of the countries of Europe.
Thus, the density of Rhode Island (407.0) in 1900 was
nearly the same as that of Holland (406.4) in 1899;
the density of Massachusetts (348.9) corresponded
with that of the United Kingdom (341.6) in 1901;
and the density of Connecticut (187.5) corresponded
with that of France (190.7) in 1901. Had the density
of continental United States been as great as that of
Russia in Europe (50.3) in 1897 the population of
continental United States in 1900 would have been
approximately 1.50,000.000: had it been as great as
that of France, the population would have been more
than 500,000,000.
V. POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS.
COUNTY AREAS MADE COMPARABLE— POPULATION OF MINOR
CIVIL DIVISIONS— NAMES OF TOWNS NOT RETURNED
SEPARATELY AT THE FIRST CENSUS— POPULATION OF CITIES.
POPUI-ATION OF COUNTIES.
In 1790 there were 292 counties in the area enumer-
ated; in 1900 there were 784 coimties in tlie same area.
Of the 292 counties enumerated in 1790, however, few
were even approximately the same in area as the coun-
ties bearing the same name a century later. In order,
therefore, to determine what changes have occurred in
county population, it is necessary first to ascertain, as
accurately as possible, the 1900 areas comparable with
those which existed under the same county names in
1790.>
The population in 1900 of the counties included in
the area enumerated in 1790 is presented in Table 105
(page 201), in comparison with the returns for 1790.
As this adjustment has been made in connection with
the classification of population by color, sex, and age,
some reference to the more important facts indicated will
be found in the section dealing with that classification.
The statement has frequently been made that many
of the counties in the area enumerated in 1790 have
decreased in population during the nineteenth century.
The following analysis of county areas in the several
states enumerated in 1790, according to the amount
of increase or decrease, is based upon the comparable
areas presented in Table 105:
' The changes in most oases have been in the direction of organiz-
ing new counties from the area existing under the county name in
1790; in Maine, for example, 5 counties only had been erected in
1790, as compared with 16 in 1900. Wherever a 1790 county line
passed through a town having over 500 inhabitants in 1900, estimated
parts of such population were assigned to the counties on each side
of the line.
For determining the changes in county areas which have occurred
during the century, three general sources of information are avail-
able: (1) The statutes of the several states; (2) maps made in 1790,
or sufficiently near that year to show with reasonable accuracy the
counties as they were at the time; and (3) gazetteers, yearbooks,
and state histories and manuals. Beginning with the Ninth Census
(1870) the Federal census reports upon population have recorded
the changes made in the area of counties during the decade preced-
ing the publication of the report. This material was useful to sup-
plement similarly detailed information for the period from 1790 to
1860, when the latter could be secured.
The statutes of the several states must be accepted as the most
reliable source of information for this analysis. In cases where
natural boundaries, such as rivers, bays, mountain ridges, etc., are
specified as county limits, these can be readily located upon recent
maps, and hence the county boundaries as they existed in 1790 can
easily be determined. Such natural features bounded in whole
or in part the counties of Maryland and Kentucky at the close of the
eighteenth century. For these states, therefore, little evidence
was required in addition to that derived from state statutes. In
most instances, however, the statutes in defining county lines refer
to landmarks which have long since vanished, such as "a stick and
stones," or "three trees," or to the property of persons long since
deceased, which can not now be ea-nily identified. Determination
of the exact location of such landmarks would have required much
detailed research, involving great expense, and was obviously im-
practicable. Hence, in such cases it has been necessary to rely
(60)
Table 14. — Counties enumerated in 1790, classified according to the
amount of increase or decrease of population within their boundaries
from 1790 to 1900.
Total
num-
ber of
coun-
ties.
Num-
ber of
coun-
ties de-
creas-
ing.
NUMBER OF COUNTIES IN-
CKEASINO—
STATE OR TERRITORY.
Less
than
25 per
cent.
From
25 to
100 per
cent.
From
100 to
500 per
cent.
Over
500
per
cent.
Area enumerated in 179(f
292
10
15
51
122
94
41
1
10
16
14
5
5
7
11
5
8
52
1
3
3
3
. 2
4
23
4
2
2
2
1
3
2
2
Massachusetts
1
5
2
1
Middle states
27
New York
15
13
21
3
199
1
5
9
7
2
83
9
. 4
14
1
39
Southern states
9
15
53
19
78
54
20
11
9
8
1
8
3
11
6
23
6
4
6
24
34
9
4
2
4
3
Virginiai
12
North Carolina
14
South Carolina
. 1
6
Georgia
7
7
Tennessee
4
1 Includes West Virginia.
upon maps of the 1790 period and upon the secondary sources of
information above mentioned.
Maps for 1790, or for years close to that date, are available for most
of the states enumerated in 1790. But the best maps of the period
are to some extent incorrect both in boundai'ies and in areas; few of
them indicate the boundaries of counties, and even these sometimes
proved useless on account of inaccuracy. For the states of Virginia
and Georgia no maps containing the county lines could be found,
and it is probable that none are in existence. It is curious that
Virginia, in which the oldest settlements and the largest population
e'xisted at the First Census, should be one of the states for which
such important information is entirely lacking.
Gazetteers, yearbooks, and state histories and manuals proved
useful as guides and as a secondary source of information, and data
thus .secured were freely used aa a basis for constructing county lines
where more direct evidence was lacking or could not be secured
without great expenditure of clerical labor. A few of the state
manuals contain carefully compiled data recording all changes in
the areas of counties; for example, the manual of the state of Massa-
chusetts specifies the date of transfer of all towns or parts of towns
from one county to another. But in general, publications of this
character contain merely a list of the counties, with the date of
formation and the county or counties from which formed. Such
information proved helpful, however, because it facilitated the
work of combining the 1900 counties, or parts of coimties, which
were formed from any county enumerated in 1790. It was also
useful in verifying the boundaries shown in maps and in making
clear .some of the lines specified in the statutes.
From this explanation of the method of procedure adopted, it is
obvious that absolute accuracy has not been secured in the attempt
to obtain comparable areas at the first and last censuses. But for the
desired purpose — that of establishing a reasonable basis of compari-
son— the county lines, as shown in the accompanying maps and
utilized in the tables, are without question sufficiently accurate.
Eh
^;
P
o
u
CO
C
I
*^
C
H
Pi
MASSACHUSETTS, CONNECTICUT, AND RHODE ISLAND— CHANGES IN COUNTY LINES: 1790 AND 1900.
[Red lines indicate 1790 boundaries.]
0
U"
•^
(
oo
c
rC^
f
\
^•^
^
^A
i\
o
r<^
*»»
o
I-
z
I ^
> o .
"-2—--
Is
• o
.>-- •-^:-i
x\
'-■^~:.
sia^o^'}^fU4v^
<a
o\
\*
-:a
/..-■
•4-
Y'
v/
QTO:
.^—
z
■v^ .; I
J o r^ ^ V
I
.J o
■^ "> o
o ri-
>lU-T-^4/-; o
£■ M £
c M ■^ f ^
z I
..i!.J
o
^
H-
i " i ^ 4.
LP I >5 I ? I
\» <
it
NEW JERSEY-CHANGES IN COUNTY LINES: 1790 AND 1900.
[Red lines indicate 1790 boundaries.]
<
o
o
"A
<
H
o
I
H
«
Q
<
Q
!5
O
<
CO
O
O
O
W
I
O
Eh
02
<;
t-H
O
es
NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA-CHANGES IN COUNTY LINES: 1790 AND 1900.
[Red lines indicate 1790 boundaries.]
GEORGIA-CHANGES IN COUNTY LINES: 1790 AND 1900.
(Red lines Indicate 1790 lioundaiics. ]
jc**eoft&;
/fa n m « n
V
r l_/"iH.Tritl.BrVlUR(>»Vf
cw A 1. K t A/ ) r
1— i yA
UN I ON
0 I LM ■ K
JV
Z..
/■f
''\ )' R * 8 w
t (
1 CMATTO06A
Ao O W O O H
yf
r- -^r \
U M»ICIN *1V«H tyt
/
'\Ai ^Tl.
•/
\'
f 1. o T e
f'8*l»TOV»!'"*^0«ttifo«»»T»^
-^•^>4M A L L^
._. !
(-\
.'Hi
4^
» O i H
! ' —
A I
^JACKSOH f M<a<t«<r\ t •■ 8 C «
1:
J-'"
cot «/ I
Vn^'
6 W t H N C T T
I I
-.^>'..M
•X ! I
DtKALB
> >
y
/oCkCTHont>l
r'
'CAMPBlLt* ,o'
.f~Tr'^^;,
/v
■ W I LH t 9
C A f^ R O t. t.
.>
\^\) L ^t-i^'
..<■/
• J M « H I
>^
\..
<f^
l.Di»«t I
,• BUTTS I
^
,JA«Pt«
\oufrit
fSa
1_.
HARRIS
I
i — "*^— !
Hi
\-
MOM"
OtV
X
jONtS
.._.f— >
-<
■■>— »
nSjck,
. WASHINGTON
>ivf**^«
• B u R « t ^,
I BB
WliKIHlOH^
CRAWrOOD _■
1
•vTW
I06S
\.'''
3^%
Cl-.r 1 TAYI-OH^.-^ X
iMuscoott
^-^.■^•-^
I
;
.-'V
HOUSTON
iMAItlOMJ "^ MACON !
, ^/
V^.A S H 1 N ,<^ T 0 N ^,„^«.
f V ^ <. a o t t o e mV ^-
r
t M A H U t I.
ISCWHV
>»1.
I
1st » VITA AT ;
I
IwCliTM- 9 U ITER
o o o L y
V— .-
I
■t— ,. •< CRISP
•s,
■PULASK.I/''
."■ \
\
>-.
\D O O O f.
\ .^'
r-vi
vO
r-^'
Z'
MONT(
^MtRvf
i
TOOMOS'
BOY AM
^
s. /"■
/"■/
Ir A N o c k. » >r>
I T e R n 1 1 1|
I
LCt 1
^ifF
s
w I I. C O <
:>
I v F A I iy
ICLAV i
V, |T«DBNERj
I
= V-'
^•'"^•-.
i
^< r-
I I
I
icALHOUM^ OOU6"C«TT |
■zk.
IRWIN j
y
I A P P k I N C
\_.
\AfOflTH
> '.■
L J—
r^.
^
f^
c o r r L I
A B «• v|b
i..,
.._^ i
I-
..A
>1>TCHCL.I-|
^ e c R
nil • c N i . '.
-f.^-
j c c tool tt:
W A « t
OECATUn
!
I GRAOYIthomas
i i
_._-^ A,
ILOwilbCS
CLINCH
\ r
e n O O R 9
t
\!
t C M o >■ s
76292—09 6
S5
^; ^
^ I
t» 8
o s
« 8
•< 3
W 3
CO «
El
Q
«
!Z5
E3
[-^^_.t!S^l
I
I
; ? I I F 5
A. , <
V.L.^.i
%J^ /i._. J
> %«. _\.,
L._S—
O '_. — «;-.—
POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS.
71
Upon this basis, which is obviously the onlj^ correct
method of analysis, decreases are shown for only 1
county in New England (Nantucket Island), 1 in
Maryland, and 8 in Virginia. In other words, of the
county areas enumerated in 1790 only about ,3 per cent
showed a decrease during the century which has
elapsed since the First Census. On the other hand,
approximately three-fourths of the entire number have
increased much more than 100 per cent, and about one-
third showed a population increase of over 500 percent.
One hundred and fortj'-eight counties in the area
enumerated in 1790 reported a maximum popu-
lation at some year since 1850 but prior to 1900,
without having undergone any change of area suf-
ficient to explain the lower figure. The following
table shows that in the aggregate the maximum
population of these counties exceeded their popu-
lation in 1900 by 244,763, or 7.8 per cent. Tliis
fact is shown graphically in the map on the next
page.
Table 15.-NUMBER OF COUNTIES IN AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790 REACHING MAXIMUIkl POPULATION PRIOR TO
1900, WITU THE POPULATION IN 1900, AND THE AGGREGATE M.^XIMUAI POPULATION OF SUCH COUNTIES.
STATE OE TEKEITOaT.
Number
of
counties.
Population
in 1900.
AfiKiegate
maximum
population.
; KVMBEB or couirmta reachino maxi-
HVH POPULATION IN—
I8W
isao
1870
1880
1890
Area enumerated In 1790
.,
9
..
to 1 i>
New England
24
564,738
637,605
4 i o 1
Maine
8
3
10
2
216,362
54,430
238,591
30,832
244,613
60.161
263,308
44,442
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
3
2
New Hampshire
i
i
\ ermon t
1
1
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
i 24,523
43 1 1,467,648
25,081
1,571,390
1
u
Middle states
3
2
3
24
NewYork
25
1
16
1
81
958, 8S1
34,507
441,528
32,762
1,119,684
1,032,815
38.570
467,131
32,874
1.187,838
3
2
3
13
1
9
1
39
4
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
7
Delaware
........
Southern states
3
7
2
30
Man-land
5
29
99,180
339,716
104,444
366,970
4
15
Virginia
2
7
We.sf Vlrelnia
N'ortii Carolina
9
145,881
163,874
2
Sou th Carolina
16
13
9
168,184
188,678
178,046
177,852
198,094
186,604
1
1
1
8
6
6
Kentucky
The preponderance of maximum population at the
Tenth Census was probably due to the fact that the
agricultural prosperity of the original area of the
United States reached its highest point about 1S80;
after that date the competition of the West in agricul-
tural products became rapidly greater, thus increasing
the problems of the eastern farmer, and offering added
inducements for removal to more favored sections or
for migration to cities.
The following table presents a classification of coun-
ties by specified sizes at intervals of practically half a
century:
Table 16.— COUTN'TIES IN THE IGNITED STATES GROUPED ACCORDING TO SIZE AS MEASURED BY POPULATION,
WITH NUMBER AND PROPORTION OF POPULATION IN EACH GROUP: 1790, 1850, AND 1900.'
1790
1860
IMO
For total area.
For area enumerated at
First Census.
For total area.
For area enumerated at
First Census.
LIMITS OF POPULATION.
Coun-
ties.
Population,
Coun-
ties.
Population.
Coun-
ties.
Population.
Coun-
Ues.
Population.
Coim-
Papulation.
Number.
Per
cent of
total.
Number.
Per
cent of
total.
Number.
Per
cent of
total.
Number.
Per
cent of
totaL
Number.
Per
cent of
totaL
All counties
292
3.929,62.5
100.0
1,621
23,191.876
100.0
749
15,203,618
100.0
2.713
72,682,620
loao
784
32,423,487
loao
Less than 5.000
42
106
56
38
14
11
15
6
5
136,755
779. 720
690, .138
662,499
312.774
310. 2.W
509.681
222.741
304,667
3.5
19.8
17.6
16 9
8.0
7.9
13.0
5.7
7.8
436 1.149.920
5.0
13.6
16.2
11.2
8.7
7.8
9.2
6.6
23.0
71 1 257.604
214 , 1.596,663
168 1 2,086,184
76 1 1,310.572
59 1,307.537
39 1.061.812
45; 1, .574,383
24 l,a'<0.065
! 53 4,958.798
1.7
10.5
13.7
8.6
8.6
7.0
ia4
6.9
32.6
375
397
417
459
304
219
224
99
2:9
979.746
3.072.602
5.210,957
7,990,377
6,784.301
6.002.795
7.t>13.744
4. 426. f>'>5
3a.l«1.234
1.3
4.2
7.2
11.0
9.3
as
ia5
6.1
42.1
18 77.237
107 845.122
127 1,579.431
141 2.460.495
83 1 1.862.318
67 1,831.416
80 2,709.902
37 . 1.666,711
124 19,411,866
a2
5.000 to 10.000
428
303
150
91
66
56
3,130.978
3.748.171
2,604,223
2,011,408
1,801,368
2,133,465
1.272.263
6,340,080
2.6
10.000 to l.i.OOO
15.000 to 20.000
4.9
7.6
20.CC0to2'),000.. . .
6.7
25.000 to 30.000
6.6
30.000 to 40.000..
8.4
40.000 to 50.000
6. 1
60,000 and over . . .
69.9
' Limited to areas having oitranlzed county government,
the districts of Alaska, or the Islands of Hawaii.
Not including the District of Columbia, citlea independent of county organiiation, Indian leserratiou,
„ ^TiTnTi tlin TPCiS POPULATION IN 1900 THAN AT SOME PREVIOUS
COUNTIES IN AKEA ^^^^l-f^-^^.'^'.^^S^,'^^^ IN AKEA.
POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS.
73
The population conditions prevailing in the United
States in 1790 — when the two groups of counties hav-
ing between 5,000 and 20,000 inhabitants included
more than half of the population and two-thirds of the
counties — had changed materially by 1850, and by
1900 the class which j)reponderated in 1790 had
become comparatively insignificant. On the other
hand, the group which preponderated in 1900 — that
having a population of 50,000 or over, which included
219 counties and two-fifths of the population — in 1790
included but 5 counties and less than 10 per cent of the
population.
In 1900 the area enumerated in 1790 contained 784
counties. A comparison of the population of these
counties from decade to decade shows in many in-
stances apparent decrease in inhabitants, but in a large
proportion of these cases such decrease is the result
of changes in county areas — the tendency, as popula-
tion grew denser, being to subdivide large counties.
POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS.
Local organization within counties in 1790 has already
been described briefly in Chapter II, in connection with
the subjects of boundaries and area of the United States
in 1790. Minor civil divisions (subdivisions of the
counties) were returned separately at the census of
1790 for the New England states and for a portion of
the Middle states, but not for any Southern state.
This makes the county the smallest unit available for
comparison when the entire Republic is considered.
In 1790, in all settled portions of New England, the
boundaries of the towns were specified in the charters,
and were well defined. It was therefore natural to
expect that the enumerators and marshals would make
their returns by towns. All returns were by towns,
except for New London county, Conn. The sum-
mary of the marshal for Connecticut, however, did not
give the population of minor civil divisions in any
county.
In the Middle states, except in the more thickly set-
tled sections, the boundaries of the minor civil divi-
sions were less clearly defined than in New England,
and more unstable. The county was the important
subdivision, and doubtless many of the enumerators,
in the absence of definite instructions, considered a
return of the minor subdivisions of small consequence
even where practicable.
All the enumerators for New York showed the popu-
lation of the townships under the counties. In the
Census report, however, the population of Ontario
county — which included all the western portion of the
state — is not shown by townships.
The 1790 schedules for New Jersey are not in
existence. The marshal for New Jersey included in
his summary the names of the townships in the 13
counties which composed the state, but reported the
population of individual townships for only 5 counties.
or scarcely more than one-third of the total number.
If the enumerators in the remaining 8 counties — which
were not confined to any one section of tiie state —
were required to ascertain the population by town-
ships, they probably succeeded in doing so with
little or no difficulty. Hence the responsibility for in-
consistent returns must have rested with the marshal.
Of the 21 counties in Pennsylvania in 1790, only 9
of the older settled counties were returned by town-
ships or minor civil divisions. For 5 other counties
the returns were partly by minor civil divisions and
partly grouped under such phrases as "remainder of
county" or "eastern (or western) portion of county."
For the remaining 7 counties, which were practically
unsettled, and might be termed frontier counties, the
population was given for the county only, with the
comment "not returned by townships."
The returns for Delaware and for all the Southern
states were presented by counties only. In the South
the roads were poor, even in the more thickly settled
districts, and at a distance from the coast they degen-
erated into trails or ceased entirely, so that the geog-
raphers of that period found it difficult to construct
maps which would present the physical formation with
accuracy; it was not to be expected that an enumer-
ation made under such difficulties could present accu-
rately the population bydivisionssmallerthan counties,
even where such divisions existed. In the returns for
Virginia and South Carolina the population of the most
important places was appended; the returns for the
District of Kentucky gave separately the population
of 5 towns. Villages existed within the counties, and
the boundaries of the larger villages were probably well
defined. But inasmuch as they were subject to change
by the local authorities at pleasure, it is probable that
Uttle importance attached to them as separate units.
This is indicated by the fact that in 1790 many vil-
lages had two names, as Waltliam, or Westham, in
Henrico county, Va. ; and also b}' the fact that in many
cases the same village is designated by different names
on different maps published about that time.
Attempts to ascertain from outside sources the
names of townships and of villages or other settlements
which existed in 1790 but were not reported at the
First Census, made it evident that complete lists of
minor civil divisions are not available for anj' of the
Southern states. For Virginia it was possible to com-
pile from a contemporarj- histoni' a reasonably accu-
rate list of settlements which were in existence in 1 790 ;
but the lack of such lists for other states, and the diffi-
culty in securing information upon this subject, justify
the inclusion in this publication of the following lists
of minor civil divisions, which were compiled, after
considerable inquiry and research, from the principal
gazetteers, maps, etc., of the period, and from lists of
post offices as they existed in 1 796. After having been
prepared with care, these fists were submitted to oflS-
cials of state historical societies in Pennsylvania,
74
Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee, respec-
tively. Thus they have received the consideration and
revision of the most competent authorities in the
states considered.
No dofmite information exists as to the exact legal
status of the 436 communities or settlements in the
Southern states which possessed sufficient importance
to appear in the records of the states, thus justifymg
inclusion below. Some of them doubtless had a mu-
nicipal form of government, however small their pop-
ulation; others may have been townships in the
geographic sense, possibly without population; still
others may have been settlements without any town-
ship formation below the county.
PENNSYLVANIA.
[Those counties for which minor civil divisions are not given in
the census returns, or are given in part only.]
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
PENNSYLVANIA — continued.
Allegheny county:
Deer.
Depreciation tract.'
Elizabeth.
Fayette.
Indiana.
Mifllin.
Moon.
Ohio.
Pine.
Pitt.
Pittsburgh town.
Plum.
Robinson.
Ross.
St. Clair.
Versailles.
Bedford county:
Bedford.
Belfast.
Bethel.
Brothers Valley.
Colerain.
Cumberland Valley.
Dublin.
Elk Lick.
Hopewell.
Londonderry.
Millford.
Providence.
Tiu-key Foot.
Woodberry.
Bucks county:
Bedminster.
Bensalem.
Bri-stol.
Buckingham.
Durham.
Falls.
Haycock.
Ililltown.
Lower Makefield.
Lower Milford.
Middletown.
New Britain.
Newtown.
Nockamixon.
Northampton.
Bucks county — Continued.
Oxford.
Plumstead.
Rockhill.
Solebury.
Southampton.
Springfield.
Tinicum.
Upper Makefield.
Warminster.
Warrington.
Warwick.
Wrightstown.
Cumberland county:
Allen.
Carlisle.
East Pennsborough.
Hopewell.
Middletown.
Newton.
Rye.
Tybom.
Tyrone.
Westpensboro.
Dauphin county:
Bethel.
Derry.
East Hanover.
Harrisburgh town.
Heidleberg.
Lebanon.
Londonderry.
Lower Paxtang.
Upper Paxtang.
West Hanover.
Franklin county:
Antrim.
Fannet.
Greene.
Guildford.
Hamilton.
Letterkenney.
Lurgau.
Montgomery.
Peters.
Southampton.
Washington.
' Lands north of the Ohio river and west of the .Allegheny river,
ordered to be sold by the state at public auction and to be paid for
by certificates issued by the state and representing the deprecia-
tion of the currency theretofore paid out by the state.
Huntingdon county:
Barree.
Dublin.
Frankstown.
Hopewell.
Huntingdon.
Shirley.
Woodberry.
Luzerne county:
Exeter.
Hanover.
Kingston.
Lachawanock.
Newport.
Pittston.
Plymouth.
Salem.
Tunkahannock.
Tyoga.
Wilkesbarre.
Willingborough.
Wyal using.
Mifflin county:
Armagh.
Derry.
Fermanagh.
Greenwood.
Lack.
Lewistown.
Milford.
Upper Bald Eagle.
Wayne.
Montgomery county :
Abington.
Cheltenham.
Douglass.
Franconia.
Frederick.
Gvnned.
Hatfield.
Horsham.
Limerick.
Lower Merion.
Lower Salford.
Marlborough.
Montgomery.
Moreland.
New Hanover.
Norriton.
Perkiomen.
Plymouth.
Providence.
Springfield.
Toamencing.
Kent county:
Dover.
Duck Creek.
Frederica.
Milford.
Newcastle county:
Christiana.
Middletown.
Newark.
Newcastle.
Newport.
Allegany county:
Cumberland.
Old Town.
Ann- Arundel county:
Annapolis.
Elkridge.
Hitton.
London.
Baltimore county:
Ctotham.
Hookstown.
Reistertown.
I Montgomery co\inty — Cont'd.
Upper Dublin.
Upper Hanover.
Upper Merion.
Upper Salford.
Whitemarsh.
Whitepaine.
W^orcester.
Northumberland county:
Augusta.
Bald Eagle.
Beaver Dam.
Buffaloe.
Catawessy.
Chilisquaque.
Derry.
Fishing Creek.
Loyalsock.
Lycoming.
Mahoning.
Mahonoy.
Muncy.
Nepanese.
Penn's.
Pine Creek.
Point.
Potters.
Shamokin.
Turbut.
Washington.
Whitedeer.
Washington coimty:
Amyell.
Chartier.
Coecil.
Cross Creek.
Cumberland.
Donegal.
East Bethlehem.
Fallowfield.
Findlay.
Franklin.
Greene.
Hanover.
Hopewell.
Morgan.
Morris.
Nottingham.
Peters.
Smiths.
Strabane.
Summerset.
Washington.
West Bethlehem.
DELAWARE.
Newcastle county — Continued.
St. Georges.
Stanton.
Wilmington.
Sussex county:
Dagsboro.
Georgetown.
Lewes.
County not specified :
CantweU's Bridge.
MARYLAND.
Baltimore town and precincts:
Baltimore.
Calvert county:
Hunting Town.
Lower Marlborough.
Prince Frederick.
St. Leonards.
Caroline county:
Denton.
Federalsburg.
Greensborough.
Hillsborough.
POPULATIOX OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS.
75
UABYLAMD — conti&ued.
Cecil county:
Charles town.
Elkton.
Frederick.
French Town.
Warwick.
Charle.s county:
Allan's Fresh.
Benedict.
Bristol.
Byran Town.
Cedar Point.
Newport.
Port Tobacco.
Dorchester county:
Bucktown.
Cambridge.
Hunting-Creek-town.
Indian-Town.
Newmarket.
Vienna.
Frederick county:
Emmitsburgh.
Fredericktown.
Leesburg.
Liberty-Town.
Newmarket.
Taneytown.
Westminster.
Harford county:
Abinp;don.
Bellaire.
Coop-stown.
Harford.'
Havre de Gras.
Joppa.
Kent county:
Bridgetown.
Chester.
Georgetown.
Massy's Cross Roads.
St. James.
Sassafras.
Accomack county:
Accomac (Court House). ^
Horn town.
Albemarle county:
Charlottesville.
Milton.
Warren.
Amelia county:
Winterham.
Amherst county:
Cabellsburg.
New Glasgow.
Warminster.
Augusta county:
Staunton.
Bedford county:
Liberty.
New London.
Berkley county:
Bath (Court House).
Bucklestown.
Charlestown.
Gerardstown.
Marti nsburg.
Middletown.
Shepherdstown."
Botetourt county:
Fincastle.
Pattonsburg.
Buckingham county:
Greensville.
New Canton.
' Also called Bush Town.
' Now Hambleton.
' Also called Hagorstown.
* Also called Funk's town.
'Also called Drunuuondstown.
Kent county — Continued.
Swantown.
Montgomery county:
Montgomery C. H.
Lenity town.
Prince Georges county:
BladensTjurg.
Nottingham.
Piscataway.
Queen Anne.
Upper Marlborough.
Queen Anns county:
Bridge-town.
Centre\ille.
Church Hill.
Mount Pleasant.
Queenstown.
Ruthsborough.
St. Marys county:
Chaptico.
Leonardstown.
Somersett county:
Princess Ann.
Salisbury.
Trap.
Talbot county:
Ea.ston.
Hole-in-the-WalL'
Hooktown.
Kingston.
Oxford.
Williamsburg.
Trappe.
Washington county:
Elizabeth.^
Hancock.
Jerusalem.*
Margarettsville.
Sharpsburg.
Willianieport.
Worcester county:
Snowhill.
Campbell county:
Lynchburgh.
Caroline county:
Bowlin" Green.'
North Wales.
Port Royal.
Charlotte county:
Charlotte (Court House).'
Jefferson.
Chesterfield county:
Bermuda Hundred.
Gates ville.
Manchester.
Pocahantas.
Warwick.
Culpeper county:
Culpeper (Court House).*
Stevensburg.
Cumberland county:
Cartersville.
Chester.
Cumberland (Court House).
Effingham.
Dinwiddle county:
Petersburg.
Elizabeth City county:
Hampton.
Essex county:
Beaufort.
Botetourt.
Laytons.
Tappahannock.
' Also called Mecklenburg.
'Originally called New Hope.
* Also called Marysville.
' Formerly called Fairfax.
TiRoiNiA^-coDtinued.
Fairfax county:
Alexandria.
Colchester.
Matildaville.
Philee.
Salisbury.
Shippandstown.
Fauquier county:
Carolandsville.
Fluvanna county:
Columbia.
Franklin county:
Rocky Mount.
Frederick county:
Frontroyal.
StevensDurg.'"
Winchester.
Gloucester county:
Gloucester.
Goochland county:
Goochland (Court House).
Greenbrier county:
Lewisburg.
Greensville county:
Hicksford.
Halifax county:
Halifax (Court House)."
Peytonsburg.
Hampsnire county:
Frank ford.
Romney.
Watson.
Hanover county:
Hanover (I'ourt House).
Hanover-Town.'*
New Castle.
Hardy county:
Moorefields.
Harrison county:
Clarksburg.
Henrico county:
Richmond.
Westham."
Isle of Wight county:
Smithfield.
James City county:
Jamestown.
Williamsburg.
Jefferson county:
Charlestown.
Kanawha county:
Kanawha (Court House) '*
King George county:
New Marlborough.
King William county:
Delaware."
Lancaster county :
Gordonsville.
Lancaster (Court House).
Loudon county:
Leesburg.
Middleburg.
Lunenburg county:
DaMonburg.
Mecklenburg county:
Mecklenburg."
Middlesex county:
I'rbanna.
Monongalia county:
Morgantown.
Montgomery county:
Montgomery (Court House).
Nansemond county:
Suffolk.
New Kent county:
New Kent (Court House).
Norfolk county:
Norfolk.
Portsmouth.
Northampton county:
Northampton."
Northumberland county:
Northumberland (Court
House).
Ohio county:
West Liberty.
Wheeling.
Orange countv:
Orange (Court House).
Pendleton county:
Franklin.
Pittsylvania county:
Cooksburg.
Pittsyl vania(Court House)."
Powhatan county:
ScottWUe.
Prince Edward county:
Prince Edward (Court
House).
Prince George county:
Blandford.
Port Conway.
Prince William county:
Carrborough.
Dumfries.
Newport.
Princess Anne county:
Kempsville.
Richmond county:
Leeds.
Richmond (Court House)."
Rockbridge county:
Lexington.
Rockingham county:
Rockingham(Court House)."
Shenandoah county:
Chester.
Miller's Town.
New Market.
Strasburg.
Woodstock.
Southampton county:
Jerusalem.-'
Spotsylvania county:
I'redericksburg.
Stafford county:
Falmouth.
LeesNille.
Suny county:
Cabbin Point.
Cobham.
Washington county:
Abingdon.
Westmoreland county:
Kinsale.
Westmoreland (Court
House).
Wood county:
BeUeviUe.
York county:
York Town.
County not specified:
Goldson's.
Harris's.
Sweet Springs."
Todds.
"> Also called Newtown.
" Also called Banister.
'* Once called Page's Warehouse.
" Also called Waltham.
'• County seat v/tut later Charles-
ton.
" Also called West Point.
"Now Bovdton.
" Now called Eastville.
'•Now Chatham.
" Now Warsaw.
" Now Harrisonburg.
" Now Courlland.
° Later called Fontville.
76
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Anson county:
Anson C. H.
Wadeaborough.
Beaufort county:
Washington.
Woodstock.
Bertie county:
Windsor.
Bladen county:
Elizabeth-Town.
Brunswick county:
Brunswick.
Charlotteburg.
Clarendon.
Old Town.
Smithville.
Burke county:
Morganton.
Camden county:
Indian Town.
Jonesborough.
Sawyer's Ferry.
Carteret county:
Beaufort.
Caswell county:
Leesburg.
Chatham county:
CampbeUtown.
Chatham C. H.
Pittsborough.
Chowan county :
Edenton.
Craven county:
Newbem.
Cumberland county:
Averysborough.
Fayetteville.
Currituck county:
Currituck C. H.
Dobbs county:
Kingston.
Duplin county:
Cross-Roads.
Duplin C. H.
Sarecto.
Edgecombe county:
Tarborough.
Franklin county:
Louisburg.
Granville county:
Oxford.
\\'illiamsborough.
Guilford county:
Bella Mills.
Martinville.
New Garden.
Halifax county:
Blountsville.
Halifax.
Scotland Neck.
Hertford county:
Murfreesborough.
Princeton.
Winton.
Iredell county:
Iredell C. H.
Johnston county:
Smithfield.
Jones county:
Trenton.
Lincoln county:
Lincolnton.
Martin county:
Willianiston.
Mecklenburg county:
Charlotte C. H.
Montgomery coimty:
RIontgomery C. H.
Stokes.
Moore county:
Alfordstown.
Moore C. H.
Nash county:
Nash C. H.
New Hanover county:
Exeter.
South Washington.
Wilmington.
Onslow county:
Swannsborough.
Orange county:
Chapel-Hill.
Hillsborough.
Pasquotank county:
Nixonton.
Perquimans county:
Hertford.
Pitt coimty:
Greenville.
Martinsborough.
Randolph county:
Randolph C. H.
Richmond county:
Richmond C. H.
Robeson county:
Lumberton.
Rockingham county:
Rockingham C. H.
Rowan county:
Salisbury.
Rutherford county:
Rutherford.
Sampson county:
Sampson C. H.
Stokes county:
Bethabara.
Bethania.
Friedburn;
Friedland.
German ton.
Salem.
Unitas (at head of Gargal';
Creek).
Surry county:
Hope.
Hunts ville.
Rock ford.
Tyrrell county:
Plymouth.
Wake county:
Raleigh.
Warren county:
Warrenton.
W^ayne county:
Waynesborough.
Wilkes county:
Wilkes.
County not specified :
Hogantown.
Mount Tizrah.
Richland.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Abbeville county:
Abbeville Court House.
Beaufort district:
Beaufort.
Coosa watchis.
Purysburg.
Union.
Berkley county:
St. Johns Parish.
Camden district:
Camden.
Columbia.
Cowpens.
Rugeley's Mills.
SOUTH CAROLINA — Continued.
Charleston district:
Charleston.
Jacksonborough.
Middleton.
Monks Corner.
Wilsons Ferry.
Wilton.
Cheraw district:
Cheraw Court House.
Chester county:
Chester Court House.
Chesterfield county:
Chatham.
Claremont county:
Statesburg.
Dorchester county:
Dorchester.
Edgefield county:
Edgefield Court House.
Fairfield county:
Winnsborough.
Georgetown district:
Georgetown.
Kingston.
Williamsburg,
Greenville county:
Greenville Court House.
Burke county:
Fort Telfair.'
Louisville.
New Gottingen.
New Savannah village.
Waynesborough .
Camden county:
Colerain.
St. Mary's.
St. Patricks.
Chatham county:
Savannah.
Effingham county:
Ebenezer.
Elbert county:
Dartmouth.
Elberton.
Petersburg.
Franklin county:
Carnes ville.
Eastanallee.
Franklin c. h.
Glyn county:
Brunswick.
Frederica.
Greene county:
Greensborough.
Lancaster coimty:
Lancaster.
Laurens county:
Laurens Court House.
Newberry county:
Newberry Court House.
Ninety-six district:
Cambridge.
Duetts Corner.
Londonderry.
New Bordeaux.
New Windsor.
Orangeburgh district:
Belleville.
Granby.
Orangeburg.
Pendleton county:
Pendleton Court House.
Spartanburgh county:
Spartan Court House.
Union county:
Pinckneyville.
Not specified by county:
Clermont.
nation's Ford.
Radnor.
Saxegotha.
Liberty county:*
Barrington.'
Darien.'
Medway village.
New Inverness.
Newport Bridge.
Sapelo village.
Sunbury.
Oglethorpe county:
Georgetown.
Lexington.
Richmond county:
Augusta.
Bedford.
Washington county:
Golphington.*
Oconee.
Wilkes county:^
Washington.
Wrightsborough.
County not specified:
Abercom.
Hard wick.
Old Town.
St. Savilla.
Talassee.
KENTUCKY.'
Bourbon county:
Bourbonton.'
Fayette county:
Lexington.
Jei^erson county:
Bullitt's Lick.
CampbeUtown.'
Louisville.
Lincoln county:
Crab Orchard.
Knob Lick.
I/incoln.
Russellville.
St. Asaph's.'
Stanford.
• Now Telfairville.
^ Part shown in 1900 as Mcintosh.
^ Now shown in Mcintosh county.
* Not shown on 1900 maps.
' Now McDuffie county.
" Does not include 99 pioneer stations, known to have been settled
before 1790; nor several others probably settled before that date,
for which no data could be found.
' Established in 1789 as Hopewell; later called Bourbonton; now
Paris.
» Incorporated in 1785; name changed before 1806 to Shipping-
])ort; now part of Louisville.
"Called also Logan's Fort.
POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS.
77
KENTUCKY — Continued.
Madison county:
Boonesborough .
Milford.
Richmond.
Mason county:
Charlestown.
Limestone.'
Lower Blue Licks.
May's Lick.
Washington.
Mercer county:
Boiling Spring.
DanviUe.
Davidson county:
Nashville.
Greene county:
Greeneville.
Hawkins county:
Rogers ville.
Knox countv:
Kno.x ville.
Tennessee county:
Clarksville.
Mercer county — Continued.
Harrodstown.^
Warwick.
Nelson county:
Bairdstown.'
Bealsborough.
Hardinsburg.
Hartford Station.*
Woodford county:
Frankfort.
Georgetown.'
Leestown .
Petersburg."
TENNESSEE.
Washington county:
Jonesborough.
County not specified:
Brass Town.
Chissel.
Coyan.
Hawkins Court House.
Holston.
' Now Maysville.
' Later Oldtown; now Harrodsburg.
' Now Bard.itown.
' Now Hartford.
' Oriirinally called McClelland's Station; later Lebanon,
name dates from 1790.
• Originally Tanner's Station.
Present
For the northern portion of the country, it is possible
to present accurately tlie total and average popula-
tion of minor civil divisions at tlie First and Twelfth
censuses. This is done in the next tabular statement.
A threefold increa.se in (lie number of minor ciWl
divisions enumerated in 1900, a.s compared with the
number emmierated in 1790, has been attended by
practically a threefold increase in the population of
such divisions. The average population of minor civil
divisions in New England has increased more than
threefold, while that of the Middle states has more
than doubled. The jjroportionate change thus favor-
able to New England is explained by the fact that the
population of the states in that group is much denser
than elsewhere in the United Stat&s, and as the geo-
grapliic area is small, and was practically all settled
in 1790, the increase in the average population of
minor civil divisions represents principally the effect
of a moderate increase of population within a limited
geographic area. In the Middle states the existence
of much larger areas, portions of which were entirely
unsettled in 1790, has resulted in a much smaller
increase in the average.
17i»<»
1900
Peroent
Increase,
1790101900,
in number
of minor
civil
di\-isions.
Number
of minor
civil
divisions.
Population.
Number
of minor
civil
divisions.
Population.
Total.
Average
per minor
civil
division.
Total.
Average
per minor
civil
division.
Total
1,591
2.026,293
1,273
5,500
21.231,430
3,860
245.7
New England
937
1,009.206
1,077
1,687
5,592,017 3,315
80.0
Maine
153
197
188
279
30
90
654
96,643
141,899
85,341
378,556
69,112
237,655
1.017,087
632
720
454 ,
1,357
2,304
2,641
1,SSS
631
245
2.52
353
38
168
3,813
694,466
411,588
343,641
2,805,346
428.556
908,420
15,639,413
1,101
1,680
1,364
7,947
11,278
5,407
4,102
312 4
N'tTniont .
34.0
26.5
Hbode Island . ...
26.7
86.7
Middle states
483,0
137
94
407
16
340,241
184, 1.%
433,611
59,096
2,484 1
1,959
1,065 1
3,664
974
424
2,382
33
7,268,894 7,463
1,883,669 4,443
6,302,115 2,646
184,735 5.598
610.9
New Jersey.
351.1
485.3
Delaware . . . .
100.3
1
The list of 436 minor civil divisions in the Southern
states approximates, so far as it is possible at the
present lime to secure such information, to the actual
number of towns or settlements included within the
counties composing the states in question. Utihzing
the figures for the Southern states thus obtained, the
appear:
following results
STATE OE TERRrrORT.
Southern states
Maryland and District of Columbia
VlTElnia and West Virginia
North lurolina
Sou til Carolina
Georgia
Kentucky
Tennessee
1790
PopuUtlon.
Number
of minor
civil
divisions.
Number
i...^..^ of minor
, *7ff?*?, civil
Total. P"elvil , (""^ons-
dlTlslOO. h
1900
436 1,903,332 4,365
319,728
747,610
395,005
249,073
82,548
73,677
35,691
3,633
5,579
4,489
6,535
2,117
2,377
3,245
6,167
273
801
958
434
1,457
693
1,551
Population.
Totol.
Average
per minor
civil
division.
13,897,993
2,254
5,373
3,512
1,977
3,088
1,521
3,098
1,303
Percent
increase,
1790 to 1900,
in number
of minor
civil
divisions.
1,314.4
2ia2
497.8
988.6
864.4
3.635.9
2.135.5
i4,aoao
78
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Accepting the number of minor civil divisions shown
for 1790 as substantially accurate, between 1790 and
1900 tiie number increased approximately thirteenfold.
This, if it represents actual increase, results not merely
from the subdivision of existing minor civil divisions,
but principally from the establishment of new com-
munities. In'l790 nmch of the territory included in
the Southern states was a wilderness. Kentucky did
not reach the dignity of statehood until two years
after the census had been taken; Tennessee, then
known as the Southwest Territory, was still farther
from admission to the Union.
It is probable, however, that the list of minor civil
divisions in the South, while fairly accurate so far as
the larger settlements are concerned, is very incom-
plete for the smaller villages, and especially for town-
ships and other rural subdivisions.
It will be observed that the change in average pop-
ulation indicated for the Southern states — a decrease
from 4,365 in 1790 to 2,254 in 1900— differs widely
from the change shown by the actual figures for the
New England and Middle states. In the Southern
states the center of activity in 1790 was the plantation,
while the economic changes during the century have
been continually away from the plantation and toward
communities. But if the number of minor civil divi-
sions shown for 1790 is too small, the average popula-
tion for that year is correspondingly too large.
POPULATION OF CITIES
In 1790 there were but 5 cities having a population
of 8,000 inhabitants or more — Boston, New York,
Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Charleston. In 1900 the
number of cities included within the area enumerated
in 1790 and having a population of 8,000 or more was
286, an increase of more than fiftyfold. Indeed, so
great has been the increase of communities of this
size that Rhode Island — smallest of all the states —
had more cities of 8,000 inhabitants or over in 1900
than were found in the entire Republic in 1790.
The limit of size above established for 1790 admits
so many communities in 1900 that it seems best to
consider this subject from a different point of view.
The following table presents the population of the 47
cities in the area enumerated in 1790 which had in 1900
a population of 50,000 or more, in comparison with the
population of the same places at the First Census, so
far as the earlier figures are obtainable. Of these 47
cities, 39 were located in the New England and Middle
states and 8 in the Southern states. The population
in 1790 of 32 of these cities can be presented approxi-
mately; 5 did not exist even as independent townships
in 1790, but were formed later from parts of other
townships and subsequently became cities; 9 appear
not to have had any population at the date of the First
Census.
Cities having a population of 50,000 or over in 1900 in area covered
by enumeration of 3790, by states.
POPDLATION.
1790
Total.
1900
158,535 lO.aW, ISfi
Maine:
Portland
New Hampshin^:
Manchester
Massachusetts:
Fall River
New Bedford...
Lawrence
Lynn
Springfield
Cam bridge
Lowell
SomerviUe
Boston
Worcester
Rhode Island:
Providence
Connecticut:
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Haven
New York:
Albany
Buffalo
New York
Rochester
Utica
Syracuse
Troy
New Jersey:
Camden
Newark
Hoboken
Jersey City.. ..
Trenton
Paterson
Elizabeth town.
Pennsvlvania:
Allegheny
Pittsburg
Reading
Harrisburg
Erie
Scran ton
Wilkes-Barre ..
Philadelphia.. .
Delaware:
Wilmington
Maryland:
Baltimore
Virginia:
Richmond
South Carolina:
Charleston
Georgia:
Savannah
Atlanta
Kentucky:
Louisville
Tennessee:
Nashville
Memphis
2,239
362
(■)
3,298
(')
2,291
1,574
2,109
m
(')
* 18,038
2,095
<fi,371
MOO
4,072
4,487
3,494
132,305
1,628
1,000
1,946
500
1,000
<376
2,225
300
« 28, 522
'600
8 13,503
3,761
> 16,359
2,300
200
500
50, 145
56,987
104,863
62.442
62,559
68,513
62,059
91,886
94,969
61,643
560,892
118,421
175,597
70,996
79,850
108,027
94, 151
3.i2,3.<i7
3,437,202
162, 608
56,383
108,374
60,651
75,935
246,070
59,364
206,433
73,307
105, 171
52, 130
129,898 '
321,616
78,961
50, 167
52,733
102,026
51.721
1,293,697
76,508
508,957
85,050
55,807
54,244
89,872
204,731
80,865
102,320
1 Not returned separately. m
2 Part of Chelmsford, total population 1,144. If
s Partof Charlestown. total population 1.583. ¥
* Original city area only. '
5 Formed in 1.S21 of parts from Fairfield and Stafford.
6 Morse's Gazetteer. w
' Estimated. A
8 Town and precincts. ■
9 St. Phillips and St. Michael parishes.
It must not be overlooked, in studying tables of this
character, that the results are seldom entirely com-
parable. In nearly all of the 47 cities included in the
above table the area has changed materially since 1790,
and tends to change from decade to decade, as in-
creasing population requires an extension of municipal
boimdaries to meet industrial and residential require-
ments. ]
Of the 5 cities having the largest population at
the First Census — Boston, New York, Philatlelphia,
Baltimore, and Charleston — Charleston, the fourth
)
POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS.
79
city in population in 1790, alone of the 5 has failed to
maintain its importance as a center of population.
The other 4 cities remained leaders in population
a century later, with only two rivals — both located
outside of the area enumerated in 1790. Chicago, a
remote wilderness in 1790 and for nearly half a cen-
tury afterwards, in 1900 exceeded in population Phila-
delphia, Boston, and Baltimore; while St. Louis, in
1790 a small frontier settlement not even within the
boundaries of the United States, at the last census
slightly exceeded in population Boston and Baltimore.
Although the total population of the United States
increased rapidly from 1790 to 1900, the increase of
the 4 early leaders in urban population — New York,
Philadelphia, Boston, and Baltimore — was relatively
even more rapid. In 1790 their combined population
was less than 100,000, forming but 2.4 per cent
of the population of the Republic; in 1900 it was
5,800,748— nearly 5S times as great as in 1790 — and
formed 7. .5 per cent of the national population, or
more than three times the proportion for 1790.
The population reported under the names of these
4 cities, at the beginning and at the end of the cen-
tur}', can not be regarded as strictly comparajjle, be-
cause the limits of each have expanded so that they
now include large areas which in 1790 were independ-
ent and unconnected. Wliilc principally open country
at that time, these areas nevertheless supported a
population which, if it had been included as urban
population at the First Census, would have altered
matcriall}'' the totals reported in 1790. Elsewhere
in these pages (see Table 21, page 84) will be found
the population in 1900, cla.ssificd as white and colored,
for the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and
Baltimore, computed for the areas of these cities as
they existed in 1790.
VI. WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION.
SURVIVORS OF 1790— WHITES AND NEGROES IN TOTAL
POPULATION— IN FOUR PRINCIPAL CITIES— COMPARI-
SON OF INCREASE IN THE UNITED STATES AND
EUROPE — INCREASE BY IMMIGRATION — N A T U R A L
INCREASE— OF WHITES— OF NEGROES — SUM MAR Y.
The population of the earhest English settlements
in America was composed of two elements, white and
negro; these two elements, though subject to entirely
different conditions, continue to compose the popula-
tion of the Republic, and since 1790 have recorded
roughly comparable rates of increase. The following
Table 17.— POPULATION OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, CLASSIFIED BY COLOR, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE:
1790 TO 1900.
I
table presents the classification, by color, for con-
tinental United States at each census from 1790 to
1900, thus indicating the changes which have occurred
in the two racial elements of population during the
period of Federal census taking:
TOTAL POPULATION.
•WBITE POPULATION.
COLOKED POPULATION.
Negro.
Indian am
liai
i Mongo-
CENSUS YEAR.
Total.
Free.
Slave.
1.
Number.
Per cent
of in-
crease
over pre-
ceding
census.
Number.
Per cent
of in-
crease
over pre-
ceding
census.
Number.
Per cent
of in-
crease
over pre-
ceding
census.
Number.
Per cent
of in-
crease
over pre-
ceding
census.
Number.
Per cent
of in-
crease
over pre-
ceding
census.
Number.
Per cent
of in-
crease
over pre-
ceding
census.
1790
3,929,625
5,308,483
7,239,881
> 9, 638, 453
12,806,020
17,009.453
23,191,876
31,443,321
38,558,371
50, 155, 783
62,947,714
75,994,575
3, 172, 444
4.30(1,446
5. 862. 073
7,862,166
10.537,378
14.195.805
19,553.068
26,922,537
33,589.377
43, 402, 970
55.101,258
66, 809, 1%
757, 181
1,002,037
1,377,808
1, 771, 656
2,328,642
2, 873, 648
3,638,808
4, 441, 830
4,880,009
6,580,793
7, 488, 676
8,833,994
59,557
108, 435
186, 446
233,634
319,599
386, 293
434, 495
488,070
4,880,009
6, 580, 793
7.488,676
8, 833, 994
697, 624
893,602
1,191,302
1,538,022
2,009,043
2,487,355
3,204,313
3,953,760
1800 . ...
35.1
36.4
33.1
33.5
32.7
35.9
35.6
22.6
30.1
25.5
20.7
35.7
36.1
34.1
34.0
34.7
37.7
37.7
24.8
29.2
27.0
21.2
32.3
37.5
28.6
31.4
23.4
26.6
22.1
9.9
34.9
13.8
18.0
82.1
71.9
25.3
36.8
20.9
12.5
12.3
899.9
34.9
13.8
18.0
28.1
33.3
29.1
30.6
23.8
28.8
23.4
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
78,954
88,985
172, 020
357,780
351,385
1870
12.7
1880
93.3
1890
1
108.0
1900
.
il.g
. ...
1 Includes 4,631 persons returned as " all other persons, except Indians not taxed."
' Decrease.
The total increase from 1790 to 1900 in the aggrre-
gate population of continental United States was
1,833.9 per cent. The wMte population increased
2,005.9 per cent; the negro, 1,066.7 per cent. The
changes which are shown in the decennial increase of
the white population conform in general with those for
the total population, but the fluctuations are not so
wide. Obviously, therefore, the changes in the negro
population were more decided than those in the white
element; the increase in the negro population from
1800 to 1810 was more than twdce the increase from
1890 to 1900.
A further distribution of population, by color, for the
states and territories both of the area enumerated in
1790 and of the added area, is presented in Table 108,
on page 222. In order to illustrate more effectively
the changes occurring in the two main elements of the
population in the parent states as compared with the
(80)
younger portions of continental United States, the in-
crease in the succeeding table is shown for thirty-year
intervals.
In both areas each element of the population showed,
with a single exception, a diminishing increase. In
continental United States both elements more than
doubled in each thirty-year period from 1790 to 1850;
but from 1850 to 1880 the increase in the negro ele-
ment was only 80.9 per cent; and in the succeeding
period the increase of the white popidation was but
one-half and that of the negro popidation but one-third.
Both the white and the negro elements of the popu-
lation increased more rapidly in the added area than
in the original area during the period from 1790 to 1880,
but during the last twenty years the total population
and both elements have shown a tendency toward
similarity of increase in the two areas. '
WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION.
81
Table 18.-PER CENT OF IXCREASE, DURING SPECIFIED PERIODS. IN TUE WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION OF
THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790, AND OF THE ADDED AREA WITUIN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES: 1790
TO 1900.
1790 TO 1820
18Z0TO18U
ISUTOlSM '
1880TO18M
GEOGUAPIIIC DIVISION.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colorad.
White.
Negro.
White.
Negro.
Total.
Free.
Slave.
Total.
Free.
Slave.
rontlnental United St&t6S
147.8
LUO
292.3
120.5
148.7
105.4
86.0
108.3
122.0
80.9
53 9
34.2
112.2
105. 6
200.8
92.3
83.6
41.6
I 68.3
37.3
67.3
40.8
42.9
22.3
6.5.1
179.1
98.4
24.4
70.0
110.9
59.1
87.1.0
am. 5
'90.1
■.10.5
103.4
05.1
119.5
56.9
536.8
10.0
37.1
42.4
564.5
10.8
70 3
77.6
271.9
> 100.0
•88.7
39.5
.193.7
46.7
7S 4
64.7
216.1
73.4
4A.8
46.5
146.9
39.3
46.4
39. S
63.9
18.8
45.8
62(1. «
504.9
640.6
559.4
562.0
90.8
671.7
588.9
222.0
13)».0
807.9
184.4
127.0
851. 0
62.0
67.0
140.2
28.6
47.7
155 3
1
DiAOHAM 5.
• Pccrcasc. ' I'or states Included, see Table 36, page 105.
-INCREASE OF TOTAL POPULATION AND OF WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION: 17M0 TO lOOO.
1790
TO
1800
40
35
1800
TO
1810
1810
TO
1820
1820
TO
1830
1830
TO
1840
1840
TO
I8S0
I 860
TO
I860
1860
TO
1870
1870
TO
1880
1880
TO
1800
I880
TO
1900
30
26
m
O 20
16 .
10
V.
/
/
\
\
• '
y
1
\
y'
0
\
\
\
\
\
•
■A
\
\
1
y
y
\
/ 1
1
1
1
1
1
\
\
\
\
•
\
\
\
\
\
1
1
1
1
\
/
AGGREGATE — —
WHITE — —
NEGRO
SURVIVORS OF 1790.
Of the wliite population enumerated at the First
Census of the United States, some individuals survived
I" be enumerated successively at each of the censuses
to and including that of 1900. Analysis of the age
periods shown at each census, with adjustments elimi-
nating persons bom after 1790, results in the following
record of persons enumerated at sub.sequcnt censuses
and rei)()rting an age which implied that they were
born in 1790 or before:
82
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GRO\VTH.
Table l^J.—White population enumeraud at the census of 1790 sur-
viving at each census year: 1790 to 1900.
WHITE rOPULATION
sua VI VINO.
niED OR DEPARTED
DURraO FOLLOWING
DECADE.
CENSUS YEAB.
Number.
Per cent of
number In
1790.
Number.
Percent of
numl)er liv-
incin year
specified.
3,172,444
2,792,328
2,400,185
2,059,500
1.585.322
1,129,620
819,871
401,710
100,906
11,478
691
23
100.0
88.0
75.7
64.9
60.0
35.6
25.8
12.7
3.2
0.4
(')
(■)
380.116
392,143
340, 0S5
474,178
455,702
309, 749
418,101
300,804
89,428
10,887
668
12.0
1800
14.0
IgiO
14.2
1820
23.0
28.7
1840
27.4
1850
51.0
1860
74.9
1870
88.6
1880
94.9
1890
96.1
> Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
The foregoing analysis possesses a sentimental rather
than a statistical interest. It is impossible to present
with entire accuracy the exact nimiber surviving and
thus enimierated at each census, because of inability
to segregate, for any census prior to the Twelfth, those
inhabitants (of an age which would have entitled them
to be enumerated at the First Census, had they been
present at that time) who were acquired by accessions
of territory, or those who immigrated to the United
States after 1790.
Since the United States antedates in periodic census
taking all other civilized nations, with one exception,
the fact that the lifetime of even a few persons spanned
the one hundred and ten years elapsing between the
First and the Twelfth censuses reflects in a striking
manner the brevity of the period dming which census
taking has been a stated function of government.
PROPORTION OF WHITES AND NEGROES IN THE TOTAL
POPULATION.
A study of the changes in the proportions of whites
and negroes in the total population of the states, both
of the area enumerated in 1790 and of the added area,
develops some significant facts.
Table 20.-PER CENT OF ^^ITE AND COLORED IN THE TOTAL POPULATION AT THE CENSUSES OF 1790, 1820,
AND 1850, COMPARED WITH THE PER CENT OP WHITES AND NEGROES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION AT
THE CENSUSES OF 1880 AND 1900.
(The free colored reported in 1790, 1820, and 1850 include Indians, but it is believed that the numbers are too small to invalidate the comparison between the negro element
in 1880 and 1900 and the total colored at the earlier censuses.]
STATE OR TERRITORY.
Continental United States.
Enumerated at First Census
New England .
Maine
New Hampshire. .
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle states.
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania.
Delaware
Southern states. .
Maryland and District of
Columbia
Virginia and West Virginia..
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georria (eastern part)
Kentucky
Tennessee
Added to area of enumeration since
1790
Added to area of enumeration,
1790 to 1820
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
AVIsconsin
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisiana
.\ rkansas
Missouri
Georgia (western part)..
1790
White.
80.7
Colored.
Total. Free. Slave.
19.3
99.4
99.4
99.7
98.6
93.6
97.7
93.8
92.4
92.3
97.6
78.4
64.4
65.3
59.1
73.2
56.3
04.1
83.0
89.4
0.6
0.6
0.3
1.4
6.4
2.3
6.2
7.6
7.7
2.4
21.6
35.6
34.7
40.9
26.8
43.7
35.9
17.0
10.6
17.8
1.5 17.8
0.6
0.4
0.3
1.4
6.0
1.2
0.4
1.4
1.1
4.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
6.6
2.5
1.7
1.3
0.7
0.5
0.2
1.0
6.2
6.2
0.9
15.0
34.1
32.2
39.1
25.5
43.0
35.5
16.9
9.6
1820
White.
99.7
99.6
99.6
98.7
95.6
97.1
96.0
Colored.
18.4
18.8
0.3
0.3
0.4
1.3
4.4
2.9
3.9
97.1
92.7
96.9
76.0
es.o
64.2
66.6
05.6
47.2
50.8
77.0
80.4
83.9
85.7
2.9
7.2
2.9
24.0
37.0
35.8
43.4
34.4
52.8
49.2
22.9
19.6
14.2
Free.
2.4
32.7
43.5
45.0
11.3
15.4
34.7
1.2 0.8 0.8
99.0 1.0 0.8 0.1
97.4 2.5 0.8 1.7
97.9 0.3 0.3
10.2 10.2
i.8 33.2 0.4
65. 9 44. 1 0. 6
47.8 51.8 6.8
.1 11.7 0.4
84.1 J5.9 0.6
05. 1 34.9 0.2
«i.suIi''wTh''whi?h ro''d?awt"or"''''°°' """^^ """" °''«™' '°™^ "' '"" '"'^ POP^'^""" "^ notpresented here, because there was no similar element at theearlier
3 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
0.3
0.3
0.4
1.3
4.3
2.9
3.1
2.1
4.5
2.9
17.8
2.8
9.9
3.5
2.3
1.4
0.7
0.5
0.6
1.4
L5
Slave.
16.0
m
0.1
(=)
0.8
0.7
2.7
(')
6.2
34.2
25.8
39.9
32.1
61.4
48.5
22.5
18.9
12.7
1850
White.
84.9
99.8
99.8
99.8
99.1
97.6
97.9
97.5
Colored.
Total. Free. Slave.
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.9
2.6
2.1
2.5
98.4
95.1
97.7
77.8
66.2
71.8
62.9
63.6
41.1
44.3
77.6
76.5
83.4
84.9
98.7
98.9
99.4
99.4
99.8
55.3
48.8
49.3
77.3
86.8
44.3
1.6
4.9
2.3
22.2
34.8
28.2
37.1
36.4
68.9
55.7
22.5
24.5
16.6
15.1
1.3
1.1
0.8
0.6
0.2
44.7
51.2
60.7
22.7
J3.2
66.7
1.9
2.5
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.9
2.5
2.1
2.4
1.6
4.9
2.3
19.7
3.3
13.4
3.8
3.2
1.3
0.8
1.0
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.3
1.1
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.2
3.4
0.3
0.4
0.7
13.8
12.6
31.6
14.8
33.3
33.2
57.6
54.9
21.5
23.9
14.2
44.4
5!.0
47.3
22 4
:2.'S
55.0
18801
White.
1.0
99.8
99.8
99.7
99.0
97.7
98.2
97.9
98.7
96.6
98.0
82.0
67.8
75.8
69.2
62.0
39.3
44.9
83.5
73.9
86.9
97.5
98.0
98.6
99.1
99.8
52.6
42.4
48.4
73.7
93.3
66.2
Negro.
13.1
13.5
0.2
0.2
0.3
1.0
2.3
1.9
2.0
1.3
3.4
2.0
18.0
32.2
24.3
30.9
38.0
00.7
55.1
16.5
26.1
12.7
13.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
0.9
0.2
47.5
67.5
61.6
26.3
0.7
43.8
19001
White.
87.8
98.9
99.8
99.8
99.8
98.9
97.9
98.3
97.6
98.6
96.3
97.5
83.4
71.2
78.1
75.0
66.9
41.6
46.4
86.7
76.2
87.6
Negro.
87.3
97.7
97.7
98.2
99.3
99.9
54.8
4!. 4
62.9
72.0
94.8
56.1
11.6
n,8
0.2
0.2
0.2
LI
2.1
1.7
2.3
1.4
3.7
2.5
16.6
28.7
21.9
25.0
33.0
58.4
63.6
13.3
23.8
11.4
12.6
2.3
2.3
1.8
0.7
0.1
45.2
58.5
47.1
28.0
6.2
43.9
I
WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION.
88
T..BI.E 20.-PER CE\T OF WRITE AND COLORED IN THE TOTAL POPULATION AT THE CENSUSES OF 1790 lg20
AND 1S50, COMPARED WITH THE PER CENT OF NTOITES AND NEGROES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION AT
THE CENSUSES OF 1880 AND 1900— Continued
1790
iseo
ISM
lasai
IMOi
STATE OE TEEBITOET.
White.
Colored.
White.
Coloted.
WWIe.
Colorad.
Whlla.
NCKTO.
White.
Total.
Free.
Slave.
Total.
Fnw.
Slavei
Total.
Fm
SlkTC.
NacTO.
Added to area of enumeration,
1820 to 1850
1
85.2
14.8
0.4
14.4
88.2
9.5
90.0
8.4
Minnesota
99.4
99.8
64.0
72.5
lOO.O
100.0
99. C
87.3
99.5
99.0
0.6
0.2
4fl.0
27.6
0.6
0.2
1.1
0.2
"u.i'
27.3
99.6
' 99.4
52.9
76.2
90.9
8<..9
98.9
80.5
93.3
88.7
94.8
0.2
0.6
47.0
24.7
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.7
2.5
99.2
99.4
66.3
79.6
92.3
75.6
98.5
96.8
95.4
94.5
9«.l
0.3
0.6
43.7
20.4
0.8
1.5
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.7
1 8
Iowa
Florida
:::::: >
Texas
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
0.4
12.7
0.6
1.0
0.2
12.7
0.5
1.0
0.2
\V ashington
:::::::: ::;:: ■:■■"■
Oregon
Califomja.
.
Added to area of enumeration,
1850tol8S0
North Dakota!
1
j 98.5
90.4
89.0
93.5
98.4
86.0
i
0.3
0.5
4.3
0.9
0.2
1.4
1.3
0.8
90.1
99.1
90.3
93.0
95.5
m.2
•8.0
83.6
79.3
Nebraska
'
0 6
Kansas
3.5
Idaho
..
0 3
Colorado
1
1 6
!' ■ 1 '"I:
0.3
Added to area of enumeration
since 18S0
S.0
1 •*•
1
... .
1
1
1
77.2
92.3
92.3
9.4
4.7
Persons stationed abroad. ...'
1
1
11
7.0
1
il
1 The proportion whir-h the colored papulation, other than negro, forms of the total population is not presented here, because there vas no similar element at the earlier
censuses with which to draw comparisons.
In 1790 the wliite population formed 80.7 per cent
and the negro population — hotli free and slave — 19.3
per cent of the total. Since 1790 there has been a
steady advance in the proportion which the white
race has formed of the total population of continental
United States, with a corresponding decline in the
proportion of negroes; in 1900 the whites formed 87.8
per cent, and the negroes only 1 1.6 per cent of the total
population.
Diagram 6.— White and colored in the total population of the origi-
nal and added area.
MiaiONS OF INHABfTANTS
1000 Sj
1880
I860
1820
SORIQINAL AREA
ORIGINAL AREA
ORIGINAL
AREA
^RIOINAL
I AR£A
ApDCO
■AREA
□
ADDED:
area!
ADDED AREA
ADDE D A
reaN=|
D
WHITE
9 COLORED
In the area enumerated in 1790 the changes were
similar to those outhned for continental United States.
In Xew England the changes were very sUght, and in
the Jtliddle states they were not much greater. The
Southern states of the original area, however, have
changed considerably in this respect. In the con-
tiguous states of JIaryland (including the District of
Columbia), Virginia (including West ^'irginia), and
Kentucky, the proportion ol wliites decreased and
that of negroes increased from 1790 to 1820, after
which the conditions were reversed ; in North Carolina.
South Carohna, and Tennessee, the proportiouof wliite.o
decreased and that of negroes increased until ISSO,
after wliich there was a very slight movement in the
opposite direction ; in Georgia there was no sustained
tendency in either direction.
By appl3nng the proportion formed by the negro
element in the total population in 1790 to the com-
bined wliite and negro population of continental
United States in 1900, and the proportion which the
negro element formed of the combined wliite and negro
population in 1900 to the population in 1790, the fol-
lowing results are obtained:
White.
Negro..
1190
Actual
number.
3,172,444
757,181
1900
Actual
number.
6(1.809,-96
8,8:3,994
Numl>er
on basis of
proper Jou
shown In
1790.
G!, 014.054
U,&>J,Ui
84
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION IN FOUR PRINCIPAL
CITIES.
The difficulty which is confronted upon attempting
to compare the popidation of cities enumerated in
1790 with the population of the same areas in 1900,
arises princii)ally from the fact that in 1900 the oldest
sections had become almost exclusively devoted to
business purposes, and therefore reported but a small
proportion of the total city population. Persons who
now reside in such sections are in most instances
the residents of tenement houses, janitors of large
buildings and their families, custodians, watchmen,
and persons whose work connects them so closely with
commercial and manufacturing plants as to neces-
sitate residence in or near their places of employment.
Diagram 7.— COMPARISON OF AREA OF CITIES.
THOUSANDS OF
PHILADELPHIA
BOSTON
AREA IN 1790
AREA ADDED 1790 TO 1900
Table 21.— POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY COLOR, FOR EACH LARGE CITY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITH
THAT REPORTED IN 1900, BOTH FOR THE SAME AREA AND UNDER THE SAME NAME.
1790
1900
Total.
White.
Colored.
Reported for same area.
Reported under same name.
cnr.
Total.
Free.
Slave.
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Negro.
In-
diaD.
Mongo-
lian.
Total.
Negro.
In-
dian.
Mongo-
lian.
POPULATION.
New York Pity
Philadelphia
Boston
.32,305
28, 522
18, 038
13,503
29,043
26, S92
17,277
11,925
3,262
1,630
761
1,678
1,078
1,420
761
323
2,184
210
'"i,'255'
238,296
1.55,691
168,552
28,160
233,918
135,879
160,849
21,826
4,378
19,812
7,703
6,334
1,667
19,213
7,091
6,260
5
107
2
2,706
492
610
74
3, 437, 202
1,293,697
560,892
608, 957
3, 369, S98
1, 229, 673
648,083
429,218
67,304
04,024
12,809
79, 739
60,666
02, 613
11, .591
79,258
31
234
3
6,607
1,177
1,215
481
Baltimore
PEB CENT OF POPULATION.
New York city
Philadelphia
Boston
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.9
94.3
95.8
88.3
10.1
6.7
4.2
11.7
3.3
5.0
4.2
2.4
6.8
0.7
""9.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.2
87.3
95.4
77.5
1.8
12.7
4.6
22.6
0.7
12.3
4.2
22.2
(')
0.1
(')
1.1
0.3
0.4
0.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.0
95.1
97.7
84.3
2.0
4.9
2.3
15.7
1.8
4.8
2.1
15.6
1.
0.2
01
0.2
0.1
Baltimore
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
The sevenfold increase in the population of the orig-
inal area of New York represents principally tenement
house population, since the city limits in 1790 extended
but little beyond tlie present City Hall square. In
Boston the population of the original area increased
ninefold, in Philadelphia fivefold, and in Baltimore it
but little more than doul)led.
Probably the most significant feature of the table is
the illustration of the inevitable tendency of popula-
tion to move away from the older centers as the num-
ber of inhabitants increases and city limits expand,
wliich is afforded by the degree to which the inhabit-
ants of the 4 cities have abandoned, for residence
purposes, the areas which comprised these cities in
1790. This tendency is more pronounced in New
York (doubtless because of physical formation) and
Baltimore than in either Philadelphia or Boston. In
New York less than 7 per cent of the population
now reside within the limits of the city as it existed
at the First Census; in Baltimore less than 6 per
cent; in Philadelphia 12 per cent; and in Boston 30
per cent.
WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION.
85
INCREASE IN THE UNITED STATES COMPARED WITH TUAT IN EUROPE.
The nineteenth century is probably tlie most note-
wortliy century witli respect to the growth of the
poj)ulation of civihzed nations. In the United States
in ISOO the conditions were of course exceptional. A
wealth of o])i)ortunity existed in connection with
natural resources: mines discovered but still un-
worked, agricultural and forest resources of infinite
variety and richness, and opportunities for industrial
develoiiment beyond the dreams of tiie most imagina-
tive, demanded population and encouraged increase
at the rapid rate that Malthus, at the close of the
eighteenth century, asserted to be possible only in the
United States, where unlimited opportunities for sup-
port existed. In Europe, also, new demands for ])op-
ulation, unknown at the j)eriod when Malthus wrote,
were about to arise, by reason of the creation of in-
dustrial acti^Tties and the enormous extension of
commerce. Hence, at the close of the eighteenth
century the inhabitants both of the United States
and of Europe stood upon the threshold of a devel-
opment and opportunity latent in previous centuries,
but already becoming active.
At the outset it will be of interest to consider the
increase of population in the Ihiitcd States in com-
parison with increase in the principal countries of
Europe. Since the First Census of the United States
antedates census taking in Europe by at least a decade,
only the nineteenth century should be considered.
COUNTRY.
Increase
from 1)<00
to 1900.
United states
1,331.6
204.3
Bel(;luin
163.4
United Iv iQgdom
155.9
154.6
Germanv
143.2
Hoiland'.
143.1
Sweden ..
118.6
Italy
88.4
Portu^l
85.1
84.1
Austria . . .
81.6
78.6
france
42.5
With the exception of France, all the nations of
Europe approximately doubled or more than doubled
their ])(>])ulation during the nineteenth century; a
threefold increase appeared for Belgium alone. Dur-
ing the same period the population of continental
United States increased more than fourteenfold ; in-
deed, it had more than doubled by 1820 — after only
twenty years. This surprising growth, however, is in
reality in no way comparable with the natural increase
shown by the nations of Europe. The total popula-
tion of approximately 76, 000, ()()() in 1900 resulted fnmi
a generous natural increase of persons enumerated in
1790, from additions acquired by accessions of terri-
tory, and from an unparalleled immigration movement,
substantially unchecked for more than half a century.
76292—09 7
Hence natural growth, which in other nations is practi-
cally the only source of population increase, in the
I nitcd States is but one of several factors. In con-
secpience, the increase shown from 1790 to 1900 is
merely a gro.ss increa.se, depending on other than nor-
mal causes, and po.ssessing comparatively little signifi-
cance until analyzed.
INCREASE THROUGH IMMIGRATION.
The extraordinary additions to the population of the
United States through immigration arc showTi in the
following:
1790 to 1820 '2.50 000
1S21 to 18.50 : 2,4.55:81.5
1851 to 1880 7 72.5 229
1881 to 1900 9;090;972
The immigration in the twenty years from ISSO to
1900 nearly equals the total for the sixty years from
1820 to 18,80. Prior to 1820 there were very few immi-
grants; most of the.se came to the United States after
ISIO, and tlie number arriving i)rior to 1800 is so small
as to be negligible.
In 1820 the foreign stock — that is, the immigrants
with their children and grandchildren — could hardly
have exceeded 350,000; and if tiiis be deducted from
the total population (9,0.38,453) for 1820, the re-
mainder will still be more than twice the population
in 1790. "If the population reported at the First
Census, 3,929,214, had been doubled only once in
thirty years, the result in 1910 would have been
62,867,424. In the theoretical doubling process the
increase during the last thirty-year period (1880 to
1910) is equivalent to approximately 1,000,000 per-
sons a year. Upon that basis, in 1900 the native popu-
lation would have amounted to about 50,000,000
(including negroes); whereas the actual population in
1900 was 76,000,000. Thus the total i)oi>ulation at the
last census exceeded the theoretical figure for the same
year by about 50 per cent. Hence, if we accept this
comparison as po.sse.ssing an approximate value, that
part of the growth of tiie United States which has
resulted from immigration is possibly about equal
to the progress which has actually occurred from
1880 to 1900 in population, and thus presumably in
wealth, amounting in the former to from 25.000,000
to 30,000,000 souls, and in the latter to more than
.S40,000,000,000."'
NATURAL INCREASE.
Effective discussion of increase of population must
be based upon some sei)arati()n, necessarily very gen-
eral in character, of the nativit\- and parentage of the
' ThiB estimate has the sanction of several Census reports and other
authoritic!*, l)Ut is regarded by many as too hiph. The Ceneiis report
for 18.50 gives the total immigration for the period mentioned as
234,000; that for 1860 as 274,000.
■^ North American Review, September, 1908, page 365.
86
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
two principal elements, white and negro, which have
contributed the great aggregate reported in 1900.
It is important to determine the natural increase, in
order to measure the growth and influence of native
stock in the United States, and for purposes of com-
parison with the growth of population in foreign
countries.
The distribution of population m the United States
in 1900, by its various elements, is shown iu the follow-
ing table :
Table »2 -^TOITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, CLASSIFIED BY NATIVITY OF
PARENTS AND AS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ELEMENTS: 1900.
■
Total.
CLASSITIED BY NATmTT
OF PARENTS.
CLASSIFIED BT ELEMENT.
ELEMENT OF THE POPULATION.
Both parents
native.
One parent
native and
the other
foreign
bom.
Both parents
foreign bom.
Native.
Foreign.
Number.
Per cent
of total.
Number.
Per cent
of total.
Total population
75,994.575
49,965,636
6, 109, 052
20,919,887
52, 520, 162
69.1
23,474,413
30.9
White population
66,809,196
40,958,216
5, 075, 093
20,775,887
43,495,762
65.1
23,313,434
34.9
56,595,379
10,213,817
9,185,379
40,949,362
8,851
9,007,420
5,013,737
61,356
33,959
10,632,280
10,143,607
144,000
43,466,230
39,532
9,024,400
76.8
0.4
98.2
13. 139, 149
10,174,285
160,979
23.2
99.6
1.8
8,S33,994
351,385
8,779,805
227,615
26.300
7,659
27,889
116,111
8, 792, 955
231,445
99.5
65.9
41,039
119,940
0.5
34.1
In the above table the native and foreign elements
were determined by adding to the numbers having
both parents native and both parents foreign born,
respectively, one-half of the number having one parent
native and the other foreign born. But the distribu-
tion here shown is obviously unsatisfactory, since the
term "native," according to modern census usage, in-
cludes all persons born in the United States, and thus not
only persons descended from distinctlj' native stock,
but also the descendants, in the third and subsequent
generations, of persons bom in foreign countries. In
consequence of tliis fact, upon analysis the census
classification proves entirely unsuited to a determina-
tion of normal increase, and it becomes necessary to
approximate the number of the descendants of the
white and negro population enumerated at the First
Census.
Increase of white population. — The wliite population
in 1790 and ISOO was both sturdy and prohfic, and
until about 1830 it contributed a decennial increase of
approximately one-tliird, practically unaided by im-
migration. After 18.30, an increasing number of white
foreign born persons added not onty themselves but
their progeny to the wliite element. The second,
third, and even the fourth generations of foreign stock
have now added their increment, so that it is impossible
to determine accurately the number of persons in the
United States in 1900 who were directly descended
from the population enumerated at the beginning of
the nineteenth century. Yet practically all of the
increase during the nineteenth century in the popu-
lation of European nations was derived from the native
stock, residing within their national boundaries
1800, and not from immigration.
At the census of 1900 the white foreign element in
the United States — that is, the number of white
m
persons having both parents foreign born, together
with one-half the nimiber having one parent foreign
born and the other native — aggregated 23,313,434
persons. Discarding this class of inhabitants from
the total wliite population of 66,809,196, the remain-
ing 43,495,762 obviously comprise the descendants
of the white population enumerated in 1790 (and also
in 1800, since no appreciable addition from other
nations occurred during the decade), augmented by
the descendants, in the third and subsequent genera-
tions, of white persons who migrated to the United
States, especially from Great Britain and Germany,'
after 1800, and also by persons added to the white
native element through aimexations of territory in
the first half of the century. Additions of the latter
class can not be accurately measured, but should be
regarded as a part of the native stock.
In the remainder of 43,495,762 above specified,
what was the contribution of the elements enumerated
in 1800, and w^hat the contribution, in the third and
subsequent generations, of persons arriving in the
United States after the beginning of the century?
It is here that exact figures in the process of separa-
tion fail, and hypothesis and approximation, how-
ever ingenious, begin. Yet, since this analysis deals
with the comparative growth of population in America
and Europe, it is clearly within the bounds of scientific
discussion to point out some of the simpler methods
by which approximations of the growth of native
stock can be made: (1) By elimination of all foreign
stock from the native element; (2) by applying
the rate of increase for the Southern states to
the rest of the country; and (3) by applj-ing
the proportion of persons in Massachusetts having
' Natives of Great Britain and Germany constituted 85.7 per
cent of all the foreign born in the United States in 1850. (Tenth
Census, Population, page 461.)
WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION.
87
native grandfathers to the rest of the country. Should
a reasonable^ harmony appear in the results secured,
that fact wouki tpnd to justify acceptance of the ap-
proximate percentage of increase secured.
1. Elimination of foreign stoikfrom native element. —
The character of the data which are available renders
it necessary to consider the native descendants of the
foreign born (in the third and subsef(uent generations)
in three groups, as descendants of the immigrants
arriving prior to 1853, between 1853 and 1870, and
between 1870 and 18S0; naturally, grandchildren of
immigrants arriving after ISSO need not be considered.
At the census of 1850 the foreign born were returned
separately for the first time, and were found to
number 2,L'44,()U_', of whom 2,240,535 were white; the
number of foreign born colored persons was so small
as to bo negligible. In the Compendium of the
Seventh Census (1850) the number of foreign born
and the progeny of foreigners arriving after 1790 is
estimated at 3,000,000 or 3,200,000 in 1853.' On the
basis of this approximation (obviously made at a
period when a reasonable approximation should have
been possible), the descendants of white immigrants
arriving subsequent to 1790 or 1800 and prior to 1853
must have numbered about 1,000,000 in that year;
and it is probable that of this total about one-half
were native white of foreign parentage and the other
half native white of native parentage.' It is reason-
able to assume that since the white population of the
United States more than trebled between lS50and 1900,
the group of native white of native parentage at
least trebled during the same period, thus contributing
about 1,500,000 to the native white of native parentage
in 1900. The 500,000 native white of foreign parent-
age in 1850 were very young, and probably did not
contribute to a great extent to the native wlute popu-
lation of native parentage before 1870. The estimate
of the contribution by the immigrants arriving be-
tween 1790 and 1850 is doubtless liberal enough to
counterbalance this omi.ssion.
'"Estimating the survivors in 1850 of the foreigners who had
arrived in the United States since the census of 1790 upon the
principle of the English life tables, and making the necessary allow-
ance for the less proportion of the old and very young among them,
and for recmigration, etc., their number is stated in the abstract of
the census published in IS.");}, page 15, at 2,400.000. From this, a
deduftion is then made of 10 per cent, on account of the greater
mortality of emigrants and their lower expectation of life, which
brings the actual survivors very nearly to the figures of the census.
The dedurtion of 10 per cent seems hardly sullicient, and does not
accord with the deduitions that are generally made in the reason-
ings of vital statisticians. It would be safer "to assume 15 per cent
than 10, which would reduce the survivors to a little more than
2,000,000. To this add 50 i)er cent for the living descendants of
foreigners who have come into the country since 1790 (observing
that nearly four-fifths of the number have arrived since 1830, and
could not have both children and grandchildren born in the country,
and more than half have arrived since 1810, and must have had
comparatively few native born children, it would not be safe to
add anv more), and the number of foreigners and their descendants
in 1853 is not likely to exceed 3,000,000 or 3,200,000."— Compcn-
dium of the Seventh Census, page 119.
^Thc native whites of native parentage were probably for the
most part not the children of the living native whites of foreign
parentage, but the descendants of immigrants who arrived before
the War of 1812.
In 1870 there were 4,167,616 native inhabitants both
of whose parents were foreign born, and 1,157,170
native persons having one parent native and the other
foreign born. Hence, the foreign element witliin the
native populatiim comprised 4,740,201 persons; native
colored persons — negroes, Indians, and .Mongolians —
of foreign parentage were so few in numljcr as to be
practically negligible. Since the total population of
the United States doubled between 1870 and 1900,
and the birth rate is generally accepted as being
higher for the foreign than for the native population,
it is reasonable to assume that the foreign element
within the native white population doubled, or a little
more than doubled, during th(! period under consider-
ation. In the process of doubhng, iiowever, it must
be remembered that the increment will be greater than
the base, which is being constantly retluced by death;
hence the native white of foreign parentage and their
offspring, which together evidently amounted to
approximately 10,000,000 in 1900, were composed of
two une(|ual parts, the native wliite of foreign parent-
age contributing appro.ximately 4,000,000, and their
offspring — classified as native white of native parent-
age— appro.ximately 6,000,000.
The contribution to the native white of native
parentage made by native wliites of foreign i)arentage
I)orn after 1870 can not be determined with any degree
of accuracy. The total number of native wliite per-
sons of foreign parentage born between 1870 and 1880
and surviving in 1900 was 3,067,062. It is possible
that tliis element may have contributed 500,000 per-
sons to the native wliites of native parentage.
The above computations indicate that in 1900 the
contributions of the foreign stock to the so-called
native element had reached the follo\ving approximate
total:
Contribution of immigrants arriving —
Between 1790 and 1853 1,500,000
Between 1853 and 1870 6,000,000
Between 1870 and 1880 500, 000
Total 8,000,000
In 1900 the native element in the United States was
43,495,762. Eliminating the S.000,000 persons above
determined, tiie white population enumerated in 1800
appears to have increased to 35,495,762.
2. Growth of white native stock, at rate of increase for
Southern states. — At the census of 1 S50, when the classi-
fication by nativity was introduced, the white popu-
lation of 12 Southern states — Virginia, Kentucky, Ten-
nessee, North Carohna , South Carohna , Georgia , Florida ,
Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and /\jkan-
sas — included in the aggregate less than 4 per cent
who were foreign born. The proportion of foreign
born in this group of states increased but little during
the half centun,-, and even at the census of 1900 the
white population was composed almost entirely of the
descendants of persons enumerated in 1790 and 1800.
88
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWT^H.
This suggests utilizing tlie increase of white popu-
lation shown by the Soutliern states as a basis from
which to compute the increase in the distinctly
native stock of the white population residing in the
other states and territories; after 1870, however, only
one-half of the rate of increase should be used, because
of the fact, generally known and admitted, that the rate
of increase of the native stock of the white population
in the Northern and manj- of the Western states has
been very low since 1870. The accuracy of such a
computation is increased by discarding the foreign
element of the white population in 1870 and 1880, and
the total foreign white and the native white of foreign
parentage in 1890 and 1900. Upon making such an
analysis the following figures result :
ACTUAL WHITE POPULATION OF SPECIFIEI) ELEMENT.
ESTIMATED NATn'E STOCK
OF THE WHITE POPULA-
TION.
In continental
United States.
In 13 Southern states.
In remainder of conti-
nental United States.
For "remainder
of continental
United States''
based on white
population in
1S20, by apply-
ing per cent of
increase in
Southern states
to 1870 and half
of decennial
percentages
after that year.
CENSUS YEAR.
Number.
Per cent of
increase
over
preceding
census.
Number.
Per cent of
increase
over
preceding
census.
For
continental
United
states.
TOTAL WHITE POPULATION.
7,862,166
2,437,451
5,424,715
1
1
NATIVE ELEMENT OF THE WHITE POPULATION.'
1870
23,374,577
29,021,812
6,518.012 167.4
8,843,928 35.7
16,856,565
20, 777, 884
210.7
23.3
14, .W5, 688
17,102,206
21,023.700
1880
25,946,134
NATIVE WinTE POPULATION OF NATIVE PARENTAGE.
1890
34,35S,348
40,949,362
10,884,524 23.1 23,473,824
13,328,329 22.5 1 27,621.033
13.0
17.7
19,086,062
21,242,787
29,970,586
1900
34,571,116
I
1 Obtained by subtracting from the total native element the native bom negroes.
Upon replacing the native wliite population of native
parentage living, in 1890 and 1900, in the Southern
states and in the remainder of continental United
States by the native whites of native parentage born
in the Southern states and in the remainder of conti-
nental United States, the native stock of the wliite
population appears to be as follows:
k
ACTUAL NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OF NATIVE PARENTAGE.
ESTIMATED NATIVE STOCK
OF THE WmiE POPULA-
TION.
CENSUS YEAR.
Living in
continental
United States.
Bom in 13 Southem states.
Bom in remainder of con-
tinental United States.
For "remainder
of continental
United States."
For
continental
United
States.
Number.
Per cent of
increase
over
preceding
census.
Number.
Per cent of
increase
over
preceding
census.
1890
34,358,348
40, 949, 362
11,262,307
13, 903, 622
•27.3
23.5
23,096,041
27,045,740
111.2
17.1
19, 445, 208
21.739,743
30.707,515
35,043,365
1900
' Increase over the native element of the white population.
The theoretical number shown as the native stock
of the white population in 1870 for the country exclu-
sive of the Southern states (14,505,688) must be very
near the true figure ; the excess of the native element
over the native stock of the white population of this
area was only 2,350,877, and it may safely be assumed
that of tlus number the offspring of immigrants arriv-
ing between 1790 and 185.3 (who numbered 1,000,000,
according to the Compendium of the Seventh Census)
contributed at least 2,000,000, leaving only 350,877 to
represent the offspring of immigrants arriving between
1853 and 1870.
Only one-half of each percentage of increase shown
for the Southern states in 1880, 1890, and 1900 was
employed in computing the native stock of the white
population in the rest of the country. It is worthy
of note that, if the entire percentage be employed, the
resulting figure for 1900 (30,946,644) approximately
equals the native element of the white population
(29,995,187) in the same area; in other words, the use '
WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION.
89
of the entire percentaf;;e produces a figure large enough
to include the entire contribution made to tlie native
element by the descendants of the foreign white in tiie
third and subsecjuent generations. This result may-
be merely a coincidence, but it recalls a theory ad-
vanced by Gen. Francis A. Walker, Superintendent of
the Tenth Census, that the advent of large numbers
of foreigners afTocts unfavorably the birth rate of the
native element of a community.' This theory has
been opposed by many statisticians of prominence.
3. Growth of white population of native stock, meas-
ured hij proportion of persons in Massachxisetts having
native grandfathers. — As already pointed out, the
cla.ssification of parentage by the Federal census
stops with native white of native parentage. For
tliis analysis the essential fact is the number of native
white persons having native grandparents, and the
problem wliich is confronteil by th(! inquirer is to de-
termine the percentage which would be deducted from
the native white population of native parentage if it
were statistically possible to segregate the native
wliite persons having native grandparents.
The classification of the population of Massachusetts
by nativity of grandfatliers was made at the state cen-
sus of 1905. It is doubtful whether any attempt to
ascertain nativity of grandparents can ever be en-
tirely successful, because of the likelihood of error con-
cerning tliis subject, on the part of persons responding
to the enumerators' questions; but if the returns of
Massachusetts be accepted as approximately correct,
they offer an opportunity to advance one generation
beyond the Federal census, and thus to secure, for one
state at least, the proportion of white persons who,
besides being native born, possessed native grand-
fathers. Of the entire population of Massachusetts
in 1905, slightly less than one-third reported native
birth and native grandfathers. Upon ehininating the
colored, it is found that the native white population
reported as having both native fathers and native
grandfathers formed 79.1 per cent of the total native
white having native fathers.^ It is obvious that if it
' "The access of foreigners at the time and under the circum-
stances constituted a shock to the principle of population among
the native element. That principle is always acutely sensitive,
alike to sentimental and to economic conditions. And it is to be
noted, in passing, that not only did the decline in the native ele-
ment as a whole, take place in singular correspondence with the
excess of foreign arrivals, but it occurred chielly in just those regions
to which the newcomers most freely resorted. * * * If the foregoing
views are true, or contain any considerable degree of truth, foreign
immigration into thi.s country has, from the time it first assumed
large proportions, amounted not to a reenforcement of our popula-
tion, but to a replacement of native by foreign stock. That if the
foreigners had not come, the native element would long since have
filled the places the foreigners usurpetl, I entertain notadoubt." —
Discussions in Economics and Statistics, vol. 2, page 4~~.
'In making this computation, it was assumed that all native
colored pennons had native grandfathers, and also that all native
white persons having native grandfathers had native fathers.
were possible to determine accurately the number of
native white persons having native grandfathers in
1900, a close appro.ximation would be reached con-
cerning the increase in the white population of the
native stock, since this classification reaches back to
the period when immigration had not j-et become an
important factor, and hence to the period when prac-
tically all the population was composed of persons
enumerated in ISOO or their progeny. .(Vssuming
that the proportion shown by the state census of
Ma.ssachusetts is applicable to the other states, the
total number of wliitc persons in 1900 descended from
the white population enumerated in 1800 numbered
3.3,729,282.
The results of tiie three computations described
above are summarized in tlie following statement:
WHITE potolation: 1000.
ELEMENTS OF THE POPC-
LATIOK.
First com-
putation-
elimination
of the foreign
stock from
tbe native
element.
Second com-
putation-
growth of
native stock
at rate of
IncK-ase for
Southern
states.
Third com-
putation-
growth of
native slock
nieaiinred by
proportion of
jxrsons in
Massachu-
setts havinff
native grand-
fathers.
Average.
Total
66,809.196
66,809,196 I 66,809,196
46,800, Its
«, 495, 762
35,495,762
8,000,000
23,313,434
31,313,434
43,495,762
35,643,365
7,852,397
23, 313, 434
43,495,762
33,729,282
9,766,480
43,49S,7«2
34,956,136
8.539,626
Native stock
Total foreign stock
31 16.') 831 -f? Jn4 ru? 1 ^i stT.i ram
The three computations show a range of nearly
2,000,000 (between 33^ and 3oi millions). Utilizing
the average of the three, it appears that in 1900 the
white population of ctmtinental United States con-
tributed by persons enumerated at the Second Census
was approximately 35,000,000; while the contribution
to the native whites of native parentage made by the
third and subsequent generations descended from
immigrants arriving after 1800 numbered approxi-
mately 8,500,000. Adiling the latter figure to the
known foreign element in 1900, it is foimd that the
contribution of the foreign stock to the wliite popula-
tion was 31,853,060. Hence, at the Twelfth Census
the total white population of continental United States
appears to have been divided between the descendants
of persons enumerated at the Second Census and of
persons who became inhabitants of the United States
after ISOO, in the proportion of about 35 to 32.
The white population shown at the Second Census,
1800, was 4,306,446. To this number should be
added 100,000 persons, as the approximate number
accjuired by accessions of territory early in the cen-
tury, who must be regarded as a part of the native
90
stock.' Upon this basis the increase from 1800 to
1900 in the native white stock of continental United
States was G94.3 per cent.
It is not surprising that the increase of inhabitants
upon both continents is one of the most noteworthy
developments of the century; but the great excess of
increase of population in the United States over that
of the nation of Europe showing the largest percentage
illustrates, and to some extent measures, the wealth
of opportunity in the young Repubhc and the unusual
virility of the population.
The largest percentage of increase during the century
from 1800 to 1900, shown by the table on page 85, for
an J' European nation, was that reported for Belgium^
204 per cent. Had the percentage of increase of the
native stock of the white population of the United
States enmnerated in 1800 been only as great as that
shown by Belgium, the white population of the United
States in 1900 would have been as follows:
Native element of the white population:
Descendants of white native slock 13, 395, 596
Descendants of white immigrants arriving after
1790, as above computed 8, 539, 626
Foreign element of the white population 23, 313, 434
Total 45, 248, 656
This total approximates the white population of
the United States in 1880. Thus the greater fertility
of the native white stock of the United States, as
compared with fertility in the coimtries of Europe
showing the largest increase, has resulted in a white
population in 1900 which is twenty years in advance
of what it would have been if computed on the slower
rate of increase shown for Belgium. It would be
difficult to suggest more vividly the great fecundity
during the nineteenth century of the white population
inhabiting the United States in 1800.^
It is probable that a readjustment of population
increase is now in progress, and that the steady dimi-
nution in the rate of increase shown for both Europe
and the United States in the later decades of the
nineteenth century affords confirmation of the general
accuracy of the theory advanced by Malthus, long
•The insignificance of the original white population of added
areas is strikingly illustrated by the fact that at the first census
taken after the acquisition of the Louisiana Purchase (seven yeare
later), the white population enumerated in what are now the states
of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri formed only nine-tenths of 1
per cent of the total white population of the United States in 1810.
Similarly, the white population of Florida was but two-tenths of 1
per cent of the total white population in 1830, and that of the vast
regions acquired between 1840 and 1850 was but 1.7 per cent of the
total in the latter year.
- "Their numbers are not augmented by foreign emigrants; yet
from their circumscribed limits, compact situation, and natural
population, they are filling the western parts of the state of New
York and the country on the Ohio with their own eurplusace "
(Washington to Sir .John Sinclair, 1796.) "It is worth remarking
that New England, which ha.'i sent out such a continued swarm to
other parts of the Union for a number of years, has continued at the
same time, as the census shows, to increase in population, although
it is well known that it has received but comparatively few emi-
CTants from any quarter." (James Madison, 1821)— Bancroft, 5, 21S-
Tenth Census, Population, page 457. '
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
discredited, because it happened to be put forward at a
period when newly awakened national development
on both continents seemingly disproved it.
Increase of white ■population of native parentage in
the states enumerated in 1790. — The methods outlined
above for determining the increase in the native stock
of the white population are too detailed, and the re-
sults too imperfect, to justify computation for indi-
vidual states. Since the Census classification which
most closely approximates the native stock is the
native white of native parentage, in the following
summary the white population in 1800 of the states
enumerated in 1790 is compared with the native white
population of native parentage in the same area in
1900, for the purpose of illustrating the tendency to
comparatively small increase exhibited by the native
element of the white population in the older states of
the original area.
Table 23. — While population in 1800 of each state and territory
enumerated in 1790, compared with the native white population of
native parentage in the same area in 1900.
Area enumerated in 1790 —
New England
Maine
New Hanipstiire.
Vermont
Massachusetts. ..
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle states.
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania..
Delaware
Southern states.
Maryland and District of Co-
lumbia
Virginia and West Virginia. . .
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia 1
Kentucky
Tennessee
White
population
ISOO.
4,250,896
1,214,359
150,901
182,998
153,908
410,393
66,438
244,721
1,388,003
557,731
194,325
58(),095
49,852
1,648,534
226,392
514,280
337,764
196,255
102,261
179,873
91,709
Native
white popu-
lation of {
native
parentage,
1900.
18,926,020
2,511,110
493,082
242,614
225,381
1,032,264
144,986
372,783
7,524,608
2,851,513
825,973
3,729,093
118,029
8,890,302
814,122
1,985,194
1,250,811
540,766
1,144,360
1,673,413
1,481,636
Amount.
14,675,124
1,296,751
342, 181
69,616
71,473
615,871
79,548
128,062
6,136,605
2,293,782
631,648
3,142,998
68,177
7,241,768
587,730
1,470,914
913,047
344,511
1,042,099
1,493,540
1,389,927
Per cent.
345.2
106.8
226.8
32.6
46.4
147.9
121.6
62.3
442.1
411.3
325.0
536.3
136.8
439.3
259.6
286.0
270.3
175.5
1,019.1
830.3
1,515.6
1 Entire state.
Upon comparing the white population in 1800 in the
area enumerated in 1790 with the native white popula-
tion of native parentage in the same area in 1900, the
increase during the century is shown to be less than
350 per cent. As already pointed out, the population
even as thus classified has been reenforced durmg the
century by the third and subsequent generations of
the descendants of immigrants. The significance of
the table therefore lies principal^ m the compara-
tively moderate increase which appears upon with-
drawing fi'om the total population even part of the
increase due to immigration.
This summary is presented by the 3 general geo-
graphic divisions, in order to indicate the differences
in increase which appeared in these sections. In
none of the New England states was there a large
WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION.
91
increase during the century in the number of native
whites of native parentage. This fact is indicative
of heavy emigration, and doubtless also of a very low
birth rate. The immense increase sh()^\^l for Georgia,
Kentucky, and Tennessee can not be regarded as
especially important, because at the beginning of the
century these areas were just being settled, and 2
of the 3 were merely territories or districts. During
the carher decades of the century, when the older
states were to a great extent distributers of popula-
tion, these 3 states were distinctly tiie recipients of
immigration; obviously, therefore, the growtli of
population in all 3 was contributed largely by persons
of native stock.
Growth of the British race. — Elsewhere in these
pages will be found a discussion of nationality at the
First Census, indicating that much the larger part of
the white inhabitants of the United States were
natives, or the offspring of natives, of Great Britain,
and principal!}- of England.' The population of Great
Britain in 1712 is estimated to have been but 9,000,000.
During the succeeding century (the eighteenth)
Great Britain contributed from this small population
the stock which formed the larger part of the white
population of the United States in 1790, and which,
as already pointed out, increased by 1900 to approxi-
mately 35,000,000 souls. In 1801 the population of
the United Ivingdom was 16,200,000; by 1900 it had
increased to 41,000,000. But during the nineteenth
century the mother country also contributed, even
more freely than she had contributed during the eight-
eenth century to North America, to the population of
the United States and to that of a score of younger
colonies. The spectacle is thus presented of a nation
which not only increased during the century more
generously than did any of its rivals, but at the same
time created other nations, one of which alone pro-
duced within the century a native population nearly
equal to that of the mother count^}^ It is possible
that a racial growth similar in character may have
occurred upon a small scale in connection with some
of tlie colonies established by ancient cities along the
Mediterranean, but in magnitude there appears to be
no parallel in history for this population achievement
of tlie British race from 1700 to 1900.
Increase of negro population. — In comparing the in-
crease of population in the United States with that
of the nations of Europe, attention has thus far been
directed to the changes in white population, since the
white race only can be considered in comparison with
Europe. It must be remembered, however, that the
negro has always constituted an important part of the
population of the United States, and also that the negro
element must be classed as distinctly native. From
1,002,037 negroes in the United States in 1800 the
number increased to 8,833,994 in continental United
States in 1900, of whom 8.792,955 belonged to the
native element.
' Chapter XI, page 116.
It must not be overlooked that the negroes enu-
merated in ISOO received accessions between 1800 and
1808, and possibly surreptitioiLs additions later,
through further importation of slaves. Since tliis
enforced immigration occurred at the beginning of the
century under consideration, the total increase from
this source should lie included in the total negro popu-
lation existing at the beginning of the centurj-. Tliis
addition was more than 70,000,' probably about
100,000, and there should be added also appro.ximately
50,000 negroes acquired by accession of territorv.
With this atljustment, the increase from 1800 to 1900
in tlic native element of the negro population of the
United States was 663.3 per cent.
The increase of negroes, however, presents an en-
tirely tiifTerent problem from that presented bv the
increase of whites. The negro race is very prolific,
and possibly would have accomplished, unaided, the
increase shown. But it is impossible even to estimate
what influence the white race has exerted upon the
increase of what is classed as negro population.
Tliere were many mulattoes in the I'nited States even
before 1800; by a census of Maryland in 1755, 8.0 per
cent of the negroes were returned as mulattoes.
Attempts were made at the censuses of 1870 and 1890
to measure the strain of white blood in persons
classed as negroes, and the returns, while regarded as
very inaccurate, supplied at least an approximate
measurement, where before none had existcfl. The
negroes reported as partly white formed 12 per cent
of the total number in 1870 and 15.2 per cent of the
total in 1890. It is probable that this proportion is
increasing; even upon the basis of the proportion
shown for 1890, however, in 1900 the number of
persons in continental United States classed as
negroes, but containing some white blood, would
have been at least 1,342,767. Part of this number
might be regartled as outsiile of normal increase, and
as bearing to the natural increase of negroes enu-
merated in 1800 a relation somewhat similar to the
increase contributed to the white inhabitants of the
Republic by immigrants and children of immigrants.
It is more probal>le, however, that the contribution of
the wliite race to negro increase should be regarded
as a substitute for increase which other\vise would have
been furnishetl by the negro race itself.
Summary of increase in total population. — From the
foregoing analysis of the increase of the native white
and negro elements composing the population of the
United States, the total number of persons enumerated
(and included) in both elements in 1800 (5,558,483)
increased to 43,749,091 in 1900, an increase of 687.1
per cent. During the century, therefore, the popula-
ti(m of the I'nited States, including both wliito and
negro, unaideil by immigration, increased nearly
sevenfold, while during the same period the population
of Europe, exclusive of Russia, Turkey, and Greece,
increased 119.4 per cent. The largest increase shown
'Seventh Census. Compendium, page 83.
92
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
by any nation of Europe was 204 per cent, or less than
one-third as great.
The similarity here shown in the increase durmg
the ninotecnth century of the whites and negroes
enumerated at its be;;inning, po.ssesses especial signifi-
cance when it is remembered that during the greater
part of the century the conditions under which the
two races existed were radically different. The white
race possessed all the advantages of imlimited re-
sources and complete independence, and of a strict
observance of the family relation. In marked con-
trast, during much more than half of the period under
consideration the negro race was for the most part in
a state of bondage, and the family relation was doubt-
less frequently subordinated to the exigencies of
ownership.
Table 24. — White, negro, Indian, and Mongolian population, tcitk
number and per cent of increase, for continental United States: 1800
and 1900.
1800'
1900
INCEEASE.
Number.
Per cent.
5, 558, 483
75,994,575
70,436,092
1,267.2
White
4,406,446
66,809,196
62,402,750
1,416.2
4,406,446
34,956,136
31, 853, OLIO
8,833,994
30,549,690
31,853,060
7,681,957
693.3
Negro
1,152,037
666.8
1,152,037
8,792,955
41,039
351,385
7,640,918
41,039
351,385
663.3
1 Including an estimate of 100.000 white persons and 50.000 negroes as the popu-
lation in 1800 of areas added after that year, and an estimate of 100,000 negroes as the
number of slaves imported after 1800.
APPORTIONMENT.
The Constitution contained the following provision:
Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the
several states which may be included w-ithin this Union, according
to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding
to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to
service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-
fifths of all other persons.'
The same paragraph further stipulateil that, until an
enumeration should be made, each state should be en-
titled to a specified number of representatives, the total
being 65.
The population required for one representative has
increased from 33,000 in 1790 to nearly 200,000 in
1900, or six times the number of citizens represented
at the outset. With the basis of apportionment at the
last census the same as at the first, the membership in
the House of Representatives, instead of being 3S6, as
determined by the apportionment act under the
Twelfth Census, would have been 2,259. On the other
hand, were the ratio which was employed in 1900 ap-
plied to the states in 1790, the largest delegation in
the House of Representatives would have been 3 mem-
bers; only 4 states would have had 2 members; the
remaining states would have had but 1 ; and the total
' Since superseded by the Fourteenth Amendment.
membership of the House of Representatives would
have been 19.
The change in the apportionment of representatives
in Congress which has been in progress during the cen-
tury from the First Census to the Twelfth is indicated
by the following summary:
Apportionment of congressional representation: 1790 to 1900.
Population
to each rep-
resentative.
EEPKESENTATrVES.
CENStJS TEAR.
Total
number.
Area enumerated
in 1790.
Added area.
Number.
Per cent
of total.
Number.
Per cent
of total.
1790
33,000
33,000
35,000
40,000
47,700
70,680
93, 423
127.381
131.425
151,911
173,901
194. 182
105
141
181
213
240
223
234
241
292
325
356
386
105
141
175
187
199
101
154
139
156
153
168
179
100.0
100.0
96.7
87.8
82.9
72.2
65.8
57.7
53.4
47.1
47.2
46.4
ISOO
1810 ..
6
26
41
62
80
102
136-
172
188
207
3.3
1820
12.2
1830 ..
17.1
1840
27.8
1850
34.2
1860
42.3
1870..
46.6
IS80 .
52.9
1890
52.8
1900
63.6
This comparison affords an effective and final illus-
tration of the extraordinary change which has occurred
during the first century of population growth in the
United States.
VII. SEX AND AGE OF THE WHITE POPULATION.
DECREASE IN PROPORTION OF MALES— IN PROPOR-
TION OF EACH SEX UNDER 16 YEARS— INFLIENCE
OF IMMIGRATION— OF MODERN SANITARY SCIENCE.
At the First Census a complete cliissification of sex
and a partial classification of age were obtained for the
entiro white population. The three questions under
which these items were secured were as follows:
1. Free white males of 16 years and upward, including heads of
families.
2. Free white males under 16 years.
3. Free white females, including heads of families.
Sex. — Discussion of the proportions of the sexes in
the United States has been presented from time to
time in reports of the Federal census. Such change as
has occurred in the proportion of the sexes is best
illustrated by computing the number of males in each
1,000 of population in 1790 and 1900 and midway, in
1850.
Table 25. — Proportion of males in the uhile population, by states
and territories: 1790, 1850, and 1900.
STATE OB TERRITORY.
Continental I'nltcd States.
Area enumerated In 1790
New England
Maine
New Uampshlre.
Vermont
Massachusetts.. .
Rhode Island
Connecticut
NXTMBER or HALES PER
1,0(10 OK WIUTE POPU-
LATION.
I7S0
S09
1830
513
504
498
Middle states.
New York
New Jersey
I'ennsyivanla..
Delaware
511
503
526
490
492
495
514
Southern states.
516
510
514
517
515
Maryland and District of Columbia.
Virt.'laia and West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Kentucky
Tennessee
Added area.
514
514
511
523
513
527
519
510
491
609
491
4«9
495
506
507
501
506
502
506
504
504
494
502
510
516
506
529
1900
513
502
494
605
499
609
487
489
500
502
497
500
508
510
506
495
510
500
504
504
509
606
521
The proportion of males in the white population
shows a more marked decrease from 1790 to 1900 in
the Middle and Southern states than in New England.
In 1790 the only states reporting an excess of females
were Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.
In 1900 such excess was reported not only by Ma.ssa-
chusetts and Rhode Island, but also by New Hamp-
shire, New York, and Maryland. Had the propor-
tions been the same in 1790 as in the original area in
1900, there would have been 2.1,194 fcwerwhite males
than were reported at the First Census. If, on the
other hand, the proportion of males in the area enu-
merated in 1790 had been the same in 1900 as in 1790,
the number of males reported would have been
greater by 216,826.
Age. — The age classification secured at the First
Census separated white males into age groups above
and under the age of 16 j'ears, without a similar sepa-
ration for females. In any attempt to analyze the age
figures thus presented, it becomes necessary to esti-
mate the same classification with respect to females.
The defect noted in the enumeration of 1790 was cor-
rected at the census of 1800. Hence, within a decade
of 1790 the exact proportion of females in the age
groups specified were definitel}' known. This fact sug-
gests the practicability of utilizing the well-known and
fairly constant statistical ratio between the numbers
of males and females, and the probably similar ratios
for the principal age groups.
Before utiUzing such proportions, it was of course
necessary to demonstrate that the results would be
substantially accurate. If from the Second to the
Third Census no markeil variation is found in the
proportion formed of all white females b\' wliite
females under 16 years of age, either in the total
or in the returns for the same states, the propor-
tion from 1790 to 1800 is likely to have been fairly
constant; furthermore, if the proportion formed of all
wliite males by white males under 16 in 1790, as com-
pared with the similar proportion shown in 1800, varied
little, it wouhl then be established beyond reasonable
doubt that the proportion of wliite females in the
same age groups, though unascertained, must have
differed but little in 1790 from the proportions actually
shown in ISflO. Hence, the application of the jjropor-
tion shown for wliite females under 16 years of age
in the various states in 1800, to obtain the number
of females in the same age group in 1790, would be
fully justified. "What are tiie results of an analysis
concerning the constancy of such ratios?
(93)
94
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
The proportion wliich the white females under 16
years of age in the year ISOO formed of all white
females amounted to about one-half. It varied less
than one-twentieth of 1 per cent from 1800 to 1810.
The percentages for the United States and for the
New England states, Middle states, and Southern
states at both censuses were:
United States
New England
Middle stateji
Southern states
1800
49.7
46.3
60.2
51.6
46.4
50.3
51.4
For the most part the range among individual
states is very narrow. In 8 out of 17 states the differ-
ence in proportion is less than 1 per cent, and in no
instance tloes it exceed 3 per cent.
The proportion in 1800 for males under 16 years
of age is substantially the same as for females, being:
1800
1810
United States
50.4
50.3
New England
48.9
60.0
51.8
47.9
Middle states
50.2
51.8
The important ciuestion, however, is obviously the
confirmation wdiich may or may not be afforded by
the similarity of the proportion shown for white
males under 16 years of age at the Second Census
as compared ^vith the First. The proportions of
males in this age group at the First and Second
censuses were as follows :
1190
1800
United States
49.6
50 4
48.4
48.7
51.1
Middle states
Southern states
51 8
In short, the uniformity in the proportion of white
females under 16 years of age among all wlute females
in 1810 as compared with 1800, the similarity in the
proportion of white males under 1 6 and white females
under 16 in ISOO as compared wdth 1810, and the
similarity of the proportion of all white males formed
by those under 16 years of age in 1800 as compared
with 1790, appear to justify the use of the proportion
of females under 16 years of age returned in 1800 by
the several states, to compute the number of females
in the same age group in 1790. Accordingly, in Table
106, on page 208, will be found the probable number
of females under and over the age of 16, detei-mined
in accordance with the proportions shown by the
various states in 1800.
SEX AND AGE.
■WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Number.
Per cent.
Total
3,172,444
1,619,184
1.553,260
51.0
49.0
Males
1,615,761
815,098
800,663
1,556,683
50.4
49 6
16 years and over
804,086
752,597
51.7
48.3
The proportions of white persons of both sexes
who were under 16 years of age in 1790 are com-
pared with the corresponding proportions in 1900 in
the following summary :
Per cent white persons under 16 years of age form of total white popu-
lation, and per cent while males and females of the same age group
form of all white males and females, respectively: 1790 and 1900.
BOTH
SEXES.
MALES.
FEMALES.
1790
1900
1790
1900
1790
1900
Continental United States.
49.0
35.6
49.6
35.2
48.3
36.1
Area enumerated in 1790
49.0
34.1
49.6
34.3
48.3
33.9
47.0
29.1
48.4
29.6
45.6
28 7
Maine .
50.7
48,6
51.3
45.5
46.4
45.4
49.4
29.0
27.5
29.4
29.0
30.5
29.7
32.6
60.4
49.1
49.9
47.8
49.6
47.2
48.7
29.0
27.5
29.2
29.6
31.7
29.8
32.6
51.1
48.0
52.8
43.4
43.3
43.7
60.2
29 0
New Hampshire
Vermont.
27.6
29 6
Massachusetts
28 3
29 3
32 5
New York
49.3
48.7
49.8
49.4
50.2
30.9
32.7
34.5
32.7
40.0
48.3
47.8
49.2
50.8
51.1
31.2
32.7
34.2
32.6
40.2
60.5
49.6
60.4
48.0
49.2
30 6
New Jersey
32 6
Pennsylvftnia
34 8
Southern states
39 7
Maryland and District
45.0
49.7
61.9
52.2
53.1
54.5
55.0
33.3
40.0
42.8
41.8
41.6
40.4
41.1
36.9
47.9
51.1
52.5
51.5
51.7
53.0
52.9
33.9
40.0
43.6
42.5
41.8
40.3
41.4
35.8
41.9
48.1
51.1
53.0
64.6
66.3
57.2
32.8
Virginia and West Vir-
42 0
South Carolina
41 1
Georgia
41 4
Tennp.wpp
40 8
Added area
38 0
The summary indicates that the proportion of each
sex under 16 years of age was materially less for the
United States in 1900 than in 1790, and slightly less
in the area enumerated in 1790 than for the entire
nation. The most decided changes in this respect ap-
pear in the New England states. In some of these the
proportion in 1900 was little more than one-half of that
shown in 1790. The change is least marked in the
Southern states, where the white population has main-
tained a much larger proportion of increase than in
other portions of the country, and has been but little
affected by immigration during the century. In 1790
7 out of the 17 states and territories enumerated showed
SEX AND AGE OF THE WHITE POPULATION.
95
a proportion of more than one-half under IG years of
age; the lowest proportion shown by any state or ter-
ritory at that census was that of Maryland, in which
45 per cent of the inhabitants were under 16 years of
age. In 1900, however, no state reported a proportion
as high as the lowest reported for 1790.
The question at once presents itself, whether a large
part of the tlecided reiluction shown in this summary
is net attributable to the arrival in the last decade of
the nineteenth century of great numbers of immi-
grants, a very large proportion of whom were over 16
years of age. Such an infliLX would seemingly tend to
augment the proportion of the population in the higher
age group at the expense of that in the lower. To
measure the influence of this element, two computa-
tions were made to determine the proportion which
in 1900 (1) the native white of native parentage under
16 years of age and (2) the native white of foreign par-
entage and the foreign white in the same age period,
formed of the total produced by adding to their
number the number of persons available for their sup-
port. The first computation gave the proportion which
the native white of native parentage mider 16 years of
age formed of the total obtained by adding to their
number the total native white of native parentage
above 16, and the married, widowed, and divorced na-
tive white of foreign parentage in this same age period;
the second gave the proportion which the total of the
foreign white imder 16 years of age and the native
white of foreign parentage in the same age period
formed of the aggregate produced upon adding to their
number the foreign white above 16 years and the single
native white of foreign parentage in the same age
period. For the United States as a whole, the propor-
tions obtained by these two computations were 35.5
and 35.9 })er cent, respectively, as compared with 35.6
in the preceding summary. It thus appears that the
influence of the large influx of adult immigrants upon
the proportion.s shown in tiie .summary has been practi-
cally offset by a higher birth rate among these inuni-
grants, and that the proportion shown for 1900 in the
preceding sununary has not been materially affected
by immigration.
While the increase or tlecrease in the birth rate be-
tween the First ajid Twelfth censuses is the principal
factor in determinmg the proportions above and below
the age of 16 3'ears, increased longevity is another pos-
sible factor which might exert some influence upon the
proportions. The average age of the population has
unquestionably increased materially since 1790, be-
cause of improved sanitary conditions, the advance in
medical and surgical skill, aiul doubtless also the
greater intelligence of the commimity with respect to
the preservation of health; it is not probable, however,
that the last-named factor would materially affect the
percentage here shown. The advance in medical skill
and sanitary appliances since 1790 has tended to pre-
serve infant life perhaps even more than adult life, and
the increase in the average age is due rather to the
preservation of life among young people who are crip-
pled, deformed, or weak, than to the actual lengthen-
ing of life to old age.
The argument has frequenth' been advanced that
the important point to be considered is the number of
survivors in the young population, since the nimiber
of survivors from a high birth rate attended by a high
death rale may perhaps be no greater than the nujnber
from low birth and death rates. The statistics under
consideration relate to living children imder 16 jcars
of age ; and, whatever the mortality may have been, the
fact remains that at the period of the First Census the
survivors were so numerous as to increase the popu-
lation with almost unexampled rapidity.
VIII. ANALYSIS OF THE FAMILY.
AVERAGE SIZE OF PRIVATE FAMILIES— SLAVE-
HOLDING AND NONSLAVEHOLDING FAMILIES-
PROPORTION OF CHILDREN— DWELLINGS.
NUMBER OF FAMILIES.
In the preceding chapters analysis has been con-
fined principally to tabulations of data secured from
the report of the First Census and thus available for
all the states. In this and in several of the succeed-
ing chapters the statistics presented are derived prin-
cipally from the schedules. This fact obviously pre-
cludes detailed consideration of returns for the states of
New Jersey, Delaware, and Georgia, and for the dis-
tricts of Kentucky and Tennessee. While the schedules
for Virginia also are missing, their place is supplied in
a measure by lists of inhabitants at state enumerations
made near the close of the Revolution. For the other
states and territories mentioned, facts in some in-
stances, can be approximated with reasonable accuracy
from the returns for adjoining states.
Size of families. — In tabulating families as reported
at the First Census only private families were con-
sidered— in other words, all households which were
obviously institutions, or of a public or semipublic
character, were excluded. The following table affords
a comparison of the average size of private families in
1790 and 1900:
Table 26. —AVERAGE SIZE OF PRIVATE FAMILIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1790 AND 1900.
STATE OE TEEKITOBY.
TOTAL FREE POPtJLATION
IN FAMIUES.
NUMBER OF FAMIUES.
AVERAGE NUMBEE
OF PERSONS IN
EACH FAMILY.
1790
1900
1790
1900
1790
1900
Continental United States
3.199,784
73,410,992
557,889
15.963.965
5.7
4.6
Area enumerated in 1790 ...
3, 199, 784
32,435,715
557,889
7,036,638
5.7
4 6
New England
998,879
5,351,133
174,017
1,236,929
5.7
4 3
Maine
96.089
141,500
85,239
375, 779
06. 533
233,739
902,032
670,007
394,378
332,800
2,672,527
409, 713
871,648
15,009,190
17.009
24.005
14,992
65.779
11.296
40,876
166, 762
161,588
96,534
80, 559
604,873
92,735
200,640
3,359,344
5.6
5.9
5.7
5.7
5.9
6.7
5.8
4 1
Vermont
4 1
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
4 4
Connecticut
4.3
4.5
Middle states
New York
6,922,931
1,819,831
6,086,595
179,833
12,075,392
64,878
129,779
73.874
18.231
217, 110
1,608.170
408,993
1,303,174
39,007
2,440,365
5.7
5.8
5.7
6.1
5.7
4.3
4 4
New Jersey
172,716
423.698
50,209
1,238,873
i'ennsvlvania
4.7
4.6
4.9
Delaware
Southern states
Maryland and District of Columbia
202.966
454,983
292, 554
141,565
53,284
61,247
32,274
1.414,205
2,747,856
1,871,311
1,322,918
624,244
2,112.462
1,982,406
40,975,277
=30,228
175,830
2 52,613
25,872
19.867
110.937
15,763
295,302
544,529
367, 565
267,859
131.805
434.228
399,017
8,927,327
5.6
6.0
5.6
5.5
5.4
6.6
6.6
4.8
5.0
5.1
4.9
4.7
4.9
5.0
4.6
Virginia and West Virginia
North Carohna
South Carolina
Georgia"
Kentuclty
Tennessee
Added area
1 Estimated.
= Estimated lor 3 counties.
> Part enumerated in 1790.
In the foregoing table the average number of persons
per private family for 1790 is necessarily computed
for the free population only, while the average for 1900
is computed for the total population. Had the com-
putation at the Twelfth Census been made for white
and colored separately, greater accuracy could have
(96)
been secured by using the return for the white element
alone for comparison with the returns for 1790; but
such classification was not made. A study was made,
however, during the preparation of the Twelfth Census
reports, to determine whether such a classification was
advisable by reason of apparent difference in size of
ANALYSIS OF THE FAMILY.
97
family in the two elements; and it was fount! that, in
spite of popular impression to the contrary, the differ-
ence was so small as to be negligible.
The average size of family in 1790 was 5.7 persons
for the entire area covered; for the several states it
ranged from 5.4 in Georgia to 6.1 in Delaware. In
DiAcnAM 8 — CHANGE IN .WER.VC.E
20
1900 the average size of family, both for continental
Unileil States as a whole and for the area covered in
1790, had decreased by more than 1 person ('>.7 to
4.6); U)V the states covered in 17'.KJ it ranged from 4.1
in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont to 5.1 in
North Carolina.
SIZE OF r.VMILIES; 1700 TO inoo.
CO
ui
<
-I
<
o
y-
u.
O
I-
z
liJ
o
a:
li)
a.
I I AND oven
NUMBER OF PERSONS IN FAMILY
This table furnishes another instance in which
analysis of the returns of 1790, when compared with
similar analysis for the returns of 1900, shows the
minimum in 1790 to be larger than the maxinmm in
1900. At the Twelfth Census 73,410,992 persons in
continental United States, out of an entire population
of approximately 76,000,000, were returned as living
in 15,963,965 private families. If this number of
persons (both white and colored) had reported
families of the size shown in 1790, the total number of
families in 1900 would have been 12,879,121; in other
words, in 1900, had the size of family rcmaine<l the
same as in 1790, he number of persons who composed
the 15,963,965 families would have been grouped in
3,084,844 fewer families than were actually reported.
On the other hand, if the average size of the 15,963,965
families reported in 1900 had been as great as the
average shown in 1790, the population in 1900 would
have been increased by nearly 20,000,000. This com-
parison suggests tiie increase which has been in progress
in number of households, without correspomling in-
crease in the number of members. The greater part
of this change is doubtless the result of the decreased
proportion of children.
The following tables show a distribution, according
to size, of the number of private families in 1790 and
of the total number of families in 1900:
98 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 27.-PR1VATE FAMILIES. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO SIZE, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES:' 1790.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
Area covered by 1790 schedules In
existence
New England..
Maine
New Hampshire.,
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle states.
New York
Pennsylvania.
Southern states..
Maryland^
North Carolina'.
South Carolina. .
Total
number
of
families.
410,636
174,017
17,009
24,065
14,992
65, 779
11,296
40,876
128,752
54,878
73,874
107,867
33,294
48,701
25,872
NUUBEB or FAMIUES CONTAINING
1
person.
15,353
5,134
1,109
814
505
1,393
231
1,082
3,669
1,123
2,546
1,687
3,519
1,344
2
persons.
31,979
13,564
1,115
1,502
1,060
5,754
865
3,268
9,716
3,909
5,807
2,696
3,754
2,249
3
persons.
48,116
20,428
1,978
2,669
1,734
7,990
1,387
4,670
15,152
6,560
8,592
12,536
3,890
5,483
3, 163
4
persons.
56,615
2,201
3,282
2,146
8,999
1,523
5,706
17,916
7,945
9,971
14,842
4,619
6,482
3,741
5
persons.
57,171
24,240
2,223
3,392
2,139
9,224
1,472
5,790
18,388
8,197
10, 191
14, 543
4,588
6,491
3,464
6
persons.
54,052
23,247
2,176
3,109
2,040
8,709
1,551
5,663
17,211
7,466
9,745
13, 594
4,204
6,083
3,307
7
persons.
14,695
6,330
8,365
11,533
3,640
5,102
2,731
persons.
36,932
15,979
1,886
1,531
2,855
2,301
1,781
1,400
7,490
5,971
1,221
1,028
4,711
3,748
11,654
4,918
6,736
9,299
2,827
4,326
2,146
9
persons.
26,687
11,600
1,129
1,732
895
4,380
810
2,654
8,412
3,555
4,857
1,952
3,134
1,589
10
persons.
17,356
7,542
784
1,131
638
2,791
510
1,688
5,440
2,233
3,207
4,374
1,326
2,038
1,010
persons
and over.
iData not available for New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, or Southwest Territory.
• Data not available for Allegany, Calvert, or Soraersett county.
sData not available for Caswell, Granville, or Orange county.
20,203
8,482
878
1.278
654
3,078
698
1,896
6,499
2,642
3,857
1,865
2,229
1,128
Table 28.-PRIVATE FAMILIES IN 1790, AND ALL FAMILIES IN 1900, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO SIZE, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES.'
STATE OR TERRITORY, AND CENSUS YEAR.
Continental United States:
1790
1900
Area covered by 1790 schedules in existence:
1790
1900
New England-
1790
1900
Maine—
1790
1900
New Hampshire —
1790
1900
Vermont—
1790
1900
Massachusetts—
1790
1900
Rhode Island—
1790
1900
Connecticut—
1790
1900
Middle states—
1790
1900
New York—
1790
1900
Pennsylvania-
1790
1900
Southern states—
1790
1900
Added area:
1900
Maryland and District of Columbia-
1790
1900 '..]
North Carolina-
1790
1900
South Carolina—
1790
1900
PER CENT OF FAMILIES CONTAINING —
1
person.
3.7
5.1
3.7
4.4
3.0
4.9
6.5
5.3
3.4
6.6
3.4
5.2
2.1
4.5
2.0
4.4
2.6
4.8
2.0
4.6
3.4
3.3
6.1
4.9
5.1
4.1
7.2
4.6
5.2
6.2
5.4
2
persons.
7.8
15.0
7.8
15.9
7.8
17.6
6.6
19.0
6.2
20.4
7.1
18.5
8.7
16.8
7.7
17.7
8.0
17.3
7.5
16.0
7.1
17.5
7.9
14.1
8.1
13.1
8.1
13.7
7.7
12.1
8.7
13.8
14.6
3
persons.
11.7
17.6
11.7
18.4
11.7
19.6
11.6
21.0
11.1
20.5
11.6
21.0
12.1
19.0
12.3
18.8
11.4
19.2
11.8
18,8
12.0
19.5
11.6
18.0
11.6
15.6
11.7
16.7
11.3
14.9
12.2
15.2
4
persons.
13.8
16.9
13.8
17.4
13.7
17.7
12.9
18.2
13.6
17.3
14.3
18.3
13.7
!7.7
13.5
17.4
14.0
17.7
13.9
17.9
14.5
18.0
13.5
17.7
13.8
15.4
13.9
16.6
13.3
15.1
14. S
14.7
5
persons.
13.9
14.2
13.9
14,3
13.9
13.9
13.1
13.4
14.1
12.7
14.3
13.9
14.0
14.2
13.0
13.8
14.2
14.0
14.3
14.7
14.9
14.3
13.8
15.1
13.5
13.8
13.8
14.7
13.3
13.7
13.4
12.9
6
persons.
13.2
10.9
13.2
10.7
13.4
9.9
12.8
9.1
12.9
8.5
13.6
9.5
13.2
10.3
13.7
10.0
13.9
10.3
13.4
10.8
13.6
10.3
13.2
11.5
12.6
11.5
12.6
11.7
12.5
11.7
12.8
10.9
7 8
persons, persons.
11.2
7.7
11.2
7.4
11.5
6.5
11.1
5.7
11.9
5.4
11.9
5,8
11,4
6.8
10.8
6.9
11.5
6.8
11.4
7,3
11.5
6.7
11.3
8.0
10.7
8.9
10.9
8.5
10.6
9.4
10,6
8.7
9.0
5.2
9,0
4.8
9.2
4.1
9.0
3.5
9.6
3.4
9.3
3.5
9,1
4.3
9.1
4.5
9.1
4.5
9.0
4.1
9.1
5.2
8,6
6.6
8,5
5.8
8,3
6.7
6.5
3.2
6,5
2.9
6.7
2.4
2.1
7.2
2.1
6,0
1.9
6.7
2.6
7.2
6.5
2,5
6,6
2.7
6.5
2.3
6.6
3.2
6.2
4.4
5.9
3.6
6.4
6.0
6.1
4.6
3.4
10
persons.
4.2
1.9
4.2
1.7
4.3
1.4
4.6
1.2
4.7
1.3
4.3
1.0
4.2
1.5
4.5
1.6
4.1
1.3
4.2
1.5
4.1
1.2
4.3
1.8
4.1
2.7
4,0
2.1
4.2
3.1
3.9
3.0
11
persons
4,9
2.2
4.9
2.1
4.9
2.0
5.2
1.6
6.3
2.0
4.4
1.3
4.7
2.2
6.2
2.2
4.6
1,8
5.0
1.8
4.8
1.5
6,2
2.1
4.8
3.1
6.6
2.5
4.6
3.3
4.4
3.4
1 Data for 1790 not avaUable for New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, or Southwest Territory.
ANALYSIS OF THE F.\MILY.
99
In each class of families having less than 6 members,
the proportion of the total number of families was less
in 1790 than in 1900 both for tiie United States as a
whole and for the area for which the 1790 schedules
are in existence. For families having 6 members and
over, the reverse was true. It is significant that in
1900 the proportion of families having 2, 3, 4, and 5
members was smaller, while the proportion in each
class having more than 5 members was larger, in the
added area than in the area for wiiich the 1790 sched-
ules are in existence. This tioubtless reflects the in-
fluence of dense population, and especially of urban
population, upon the size of family. For the area
enumerated in 1790 the proportion of families having
only 2 members was twice as large in 1900 as in 1790,
while the proportion of those having 9 persons or
more was only half as large in 1900. These facts em-
phasize the decided reduction in the size of families
which occurred during the course of the century.
In 1900, as compared with 1790, New England
showed a greater decrease in the size of family than
the other sections of the original area;' the proportion
of families having 8 members was less than one-half
as great in 1900 as in 1790, and the i)roportion having
10 members less than one-third as great in the later
year. In the state of Vermont the proportion of fam-
ilies having 10 members droj)ped to one-fourth.
In the Southern states the decline in the size of the
family was less marked.
Upon arranging the total number of families in four
general groups according to size, it is found that in
1790 approximately one-third of all families had less
than 5 members, while in 1900 this group included
considerably more than one-half of all families. Con-
trast between the classification of families by size in
1790 and in 1900 is equally marked in the remaining
groups, the larger families showing a much greater
proportion in 1790 than in the later year.
' Of economic and social conditions in Now England at the close
of the eighteenth century, W. B. Weeden writes as follows: "A con-
trolling feature of our society was in the rapid and easy growth of
the family out of the conditions prevailing in all the towns. The
common people created self-sustaining families as readily as the
banyan tree spreads a grove around the parent trunk. New land
was easily obtained. A thrifty farmer could buy acres enough on
which to settle his sons from the savings of a few years. The a.\
could create the log house anywhere, and in most places sawmills
gave a cheap supply of planks and deals. The splitting of shingles
was an accomplishment almost as common as whittling. The prac-
tice of making this cheap and excellent roofing material was carried
into the Middle states by the New England emigrants. The home-
stead was often given to the younger son, who provided for the par-
ents in their old age, the elder brothers ha^^ng acquired settlements
of their own. Thus the teeming social soil waa ready for the family
roots, which were constantly extending. Unmarried men of thirty
were rare in country towns. Matrons were grandmothers at forty;
mother and daughter frequently nursed their children at the same
time. Father, son, and grandson often worked together in one field;
and the field was their own." — Economic and Social History of New
England, 1620-1789, Vol. II, page 860.
Table 29 — PrivaU/amilies in 1790 and all/amilUt in 1900, eUusified
according to iize, with per cent dittribution.
SIZE or rAUWY.
All families..
Less than R persons
6 to 8 persons
9 or 10 iM*rsons
1 1 persons and over
All families. .
Less than 5 persons.
5 to 8 persons
9 or 10 persons
11 persons and over.
Private
families
In 1700.
ALL rAlOLUB IN 1900.
In continental
United SuiU«.
In area for
whleh 1790
schedules are
io existence.
HI0,636
IS2.063
194, .127
44.043
20,2U3
16,187,715 I
8, 832. .164
0, 171,«89
S.)0.lilO
363, U4U
5,106,092
2,865,b77
1,902,3««
235,217
104,832
PER CENT DISTRIBtmON.
100.0
37.0
47.3
10.7
4.9
100.0
64.0
38.1
5.1
2.2
100.0
56.1
37.2
4.6
2.1
> Incomplete owing to loss of schedules.
The progress of the nation from 1790 to 1900 has
involved far-reaching social changes, during which the
inhabitants have gathered from farm and frontier into
densely settled industrial centers. Tlie effect of this
change on the size of family and on family environ-
ment has been very marked; it is probable that no
statistical change recorded in tlieso jjages as having
occurred duiing the century is more decided or pos-
sesses greater economic significance.
SLAVEHOLDING AND NONSLAVEHOLDINO FAMILIES.
A subdivision of the white and free colored families
reported at the First Census into two general cla.sses,
slaveholding and nonslaveholding, is presented in
Table 30.
The average size of white slaveholding families was
slightly greater than the average for white nonslave-
holding families. Of the total number of families
under consitleration, little more than 10 per cent were
classed as slaveholding. Approximately one-fourth of
the slaveholding families reported were located in New
England and the Middle states. Those in New Eng-
land were reported principally by Rhode Island and
Connecticut; and of the 2 Middle states represented.
New York contributed much the larger number of
slaveholders.
Table 114. page 276, presents the information sum-
marized in Table 30, extended to counties and minor
civil divisions so far as they were returned separately.
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
100
Table 30 -NUMBER OF PRIVATE FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDINCx AND NONSLAVEHOLDING WTIITE
aTd FREE COLORED, WITH PER CENT FAMILIES OF EACH CLASS FORM OF ALL PRIVATE FAMILIES, BY
STATES AND TERRITORIES:' 1790.
PRIVATE FAMILIES.
PER CENT FAMILIES OF EACH
CLASS FORM OF ALL PRI-
VATE FAMILIES.
Total
num-
ber.
Slaveholding.
Nonslaveholding.
Slaveholding.
Nonslave-
holding.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
White.
Free colored.
White.
Free colored.
White.
Free
col-
ored.
White.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Free
Total.
Aver-
age
per
fam-
Uy.
Total.
Aver-
age
per
fam-
iiy.
Total.
Aver-
age
per
fam-
ily-
Total.
Aver-
age
per
mm-
ily.
ored.
Area covered by 1790
schedules In exist-
ence
410,636
47, 664
280,345
5.9
195
652
3.3
357,811
2,032,768
6.7
4,966
19,533
3.9
11.6
m
87.1
1.2
New England
174,017
2,141
13,522
6.3
6
23
3.8
170,242
978,684
5.7
1,628
6,650
4.1
1.2
(=)
97.8
0.9
17,009
24,065
14,992
65, 779
11,296
40,876
128,752
16,972
23, 859
14,969
65, 149
10,393
38,900
117,869
95,953
140,428
85,154
373, 187
61,590
222,372
674,120
6.7
5.9
5.7
5.7
6.9
5.7
5.7
37
83
23
630
4-12
413
1,229
136
312
86
2,592
1,950
1,576
4,487
3.7
3.8
3.7
4.1
4.4
3.8
3.7
99.8
99.1
99.8
99.0
92.0
95.2
91.6
0.2
New Hampshire
123
760
6.2
0.5
0.3
0.2
1.0
Rhode Island
461
1,557
9,638
2,993
9,769
60,437
6.5
6.3
6.3
4.1
3.8
7.5
3.9
Connecticut
6
16
23
63
3.8
3.9
1.0
Middle states
1.0
New York . .
54,878
73,874
107,867
7,787
1,851
35,885
47, 495
12,942
206,386
6.1
7.0
5.8
9
7
173
40
23
566
4.4
3.3
3.3
46,398
71,471
69,700
265,430
408,690
379,964
5.7
5.7
6.6
684
545
2,109
2,444
2,043
8,396
3.6
3.7
4.0
14.2
2.6
33.3
h
0.2
84.5
96.7
64.6
1.2
0.7
Southern states
2.0
33,294
48,701
25,872
12,142
14,945
8,798
71,168
87, 121
48,097
5.9
6.8
55
84
28
61
211
119
236
2.6
4.3
3.9
19,870
33,076
16,754
109,677
178,077
92,310
6.6
5.4
5.5
1,198
652
259
4,572
2,902
922
3.8
4.5
3.6
36.5
30.7
34.0
0.3
0.1
0.2
59.7
67.9
64.8
3.6
1.3
1.0
' Data not available for New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, or Southwest Territory.
2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
3 Data not available for Allegany, Calvert, or Somersett county.
i Data not available for Caswell, Granville, or Orange county, except the total number of families.
NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WHITE FAMILY.
In the preceding chapter the number of white
females under 16 years of age was determined with
reasonable accuracy. Hence it is possible to consider
the total number of children (under 16 years) per
white family in 1790 in the area for which schedules
are still in existence, as compared with the number
shown by the census returns in 1900.
The number of private white families included in the
schedules of the First Census which are still in exist-
ence is slightly more than 400,000. In the course of a
century the number of private white families in the
same area increased more than tenfold, but the number
of white children under 16 j-ears of age in the same
area increased during the same period little more than
sixfold. From the returns for the first and last cen-
suses of record, it is possible to show that in the area
included the average number of children under 1 6 years
of age per family was nearly twice as great in 1790 as
in 1900. Moreover, it will be observed from the table
that the number varied but little (from 2.6 to 2.9) in
1790, while in 1900, although the averages returned
were in general reduced about one-half, the range was
much wider. Both at the beginning and at the close
of the century the lowest average was shown for New
England. In 1900 the highest average was shown for
the Southern states.
Table 31. — Average number of white children under 16 years per
private white family, by states: 1790 and 1900.'
STATE OR TERRITORY.
PRIVATE WHITE
FAMIUE3.
WHITE CHILDREN
UNDER 16 YEARS
OF AGE.
AVERAGE
NUMBER OF
WHITE CHIL-
DREN
UNDER 16
YEARS OF
AGE PER
FAMILY.
1790
1900
1790
1900
1790
1900
Area for which
schedules are in
existence .
412.850
4,661.504
1,149,001
7,095,506
2.8
1 5
Mpw F.nglanH
172,383
1,221,856
466, 290
1,610,496
2.7
1 3
Maine
16.972
23,982
14,969
65.149
10.854
40,457
127,507
161,041
96,354
80,388
596,611
90,468
197,004
2,855,574
48,753
68,664
43,632
169,869
29.987
105,485
365.764
200,792
112,987
100,857
786,349
144, 163
265,347
4,330.159
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.6
2.8
2.6
2.9
1 2
New Hampshire
1.2
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
1.3
Connecticut
1 3
Middle states
1 5
54,185
73,322
112,960
1,584,311
1,271.263
584,074
155,090
210,674
316.947
2,212.213
2,117,946
1,154,852
2.9
2.9
2.8
Pennsylvania
1.7
Maryland and Dis-
trict of Columbia". .
North Carolina3
South Carolina
36.052
52,356
25,652
232, 270
244. 524
107,280
93.843
149,942
73, 162
381.253
640, 643
233,056
2.7
2.9
2.9
1.6
2.2
2.2
• Data not available for New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, or
Southwest Territory.
- Includes an estimate for Alle.gany, Calvert, and Somersett counties.
» Includes an estimate for Caswell, Granville, and Orange counties.
ANALYSIS OF THE FAMILY
101
In the foregoing table the number of white children
per private family has been considered only for the
states for which schedules are in existence. For the
entire United States in 1900 the average was 1.7, and
for the area added after the First Census the average
was 1.8. The highest proportions (2.3) were shown
for Texas and Mississippi.
Had the ratio of children to private white families
been the same in 1790 as it was in 1900, the number of
children in 1790 would have been less than half the
number actually reported at the First Census. It
would be idle to speculate upon the effect which so low
a proportion in 1790 and at subsequent early censuses
would have wrought upon the nation; but without
question had the proportion which now actually exists
appeared at the beginning of the century, the Iiistory
of the Republic would have been materially altered.
On the other hand, the application of the generous
proportion of children sho\\Ti for 1790 to the number
of private white families reporteil in 1900 (which aver-
aged less than 2 children each) results in a theoretical
increase in the number of young cliildrcn so great as
to be astonishing. In short, had the households into
which the white inhabitants of the United States were
divided in 1900 been as prolific as were the households
of the white citizens of the Republic at the beginning
of Constitutional Government, the population of the
United States in 1900 would have been greater by
15,500,000 children, regardless of the cumulative effect
of the maintenance of the higher ratio at previous
censuses.
FAMILIES AND DWELLINGS.
The printed schedules used by the enumerators for
Massachusetts at the First Census included an inquiry
regarding the number of dwellings within their respec-
tive districts, probably instituted as a result of a similar
inquiry at the Colonial census of Massachusetts in
1764-65. The returns secured afford a basis for an in-
teresting study concerning the average number of fami-
lies and of persons to a dwelling in urban and in rural
communities.
By Census definition in 1900, a dwelling is a place in
which, at the time of the census, one or more persons
regularly sleep; hence uninhabited houses were not
counted as dwellings at the Twelfth Census. The same
was true of the First Census, since no vacant houses
were returned on the schedules.
Inasmuch as tenement and apartment houses were
returned as dwellings in 1900, it would be natural
(especially in a commonwealth conspicuous for its in-
dustrial interests and dense population) to expect that
in 1900 the number of families per dwelling would be
larger than in 1790, when there were few tenement
houses and no apartment houses. The figures, how-
ever, clearly show that the average has not materially
increased.
76292—09 8
The following table shows the number of dwellings
and private families, the total population, and the av-
erage number of families ami of persons per dwelling,
for each coimty of Massachusetts enumerated in 1790,
and for the same areas in 1900:
Table 32. — Dwellings and private families in the counties of Matta-
chuselta reported in 1190, and in the same areas ' in 1900.
The state
Barnstable
Berkshire
Bristol
Dukes iuid Nantucket
Essex
Hampshire
Mitidlesox
Plymouth
Suflolk
Worcester
The state
Barnstable
Berkshire
Bristol
Dukes and Nantucket
Essex
Hampshire
Middlesex
Plymouth
.SuUolk
Worcester
Dwell-
ings.
PRIVATE rAMiuca.
poptjijinoM.
Total.
Average
per
dwelling.
Total.
dwell, IK
1790
M,377
68,779
1.2
378.556
2.343
2,889
1.2
17,342
4,476
4,899
1.1
30.263
4,514
5,541
1.2
31,696
1,013
1.430
1.4
7.810
-,M4
10,883
1.4
57,879
9,181
9.617
1.0
59,656
5,»9S
7,580
1.3
42.769
4,240
5.173
1.2
29,512
e,3S6
8,038
1.3
44.865
8,613
9,729
1.1
56.764
7.0
7.7
7.6
6.5
7.1
7.0
7.1
6.6
1900
451,362
7,678
18,257
34,451
2.209
61,004
46,393
108,206
22,358
97,4.19
53,367
' 604.873
1.3
2.805.346
7.911
1.0
i 27,828
20.530
1.1
95.774
53.856
1.6
251.229
2.332
1.1
! 7,567
79,664
1.3
356.669
58.640
1.3
1 275,028
133,991
1.2
628,097
28,330
1.2
108,114
147, 443
1.5
708,324
74,176
1.4
1 346,818
3.6
5.2
7.3
3.4
5.8
5.9
5.8
4.8
7.3
6.5
■Except that no adjustment has been made for changes since 1790 In the bound-
ary line between Massachusetts and Uhode Island.
The average number of persons per dwelling in the
state decreased from 7 in 1790 to 6.2 in 1900. In only
2 counties, Bristol and Suffolk, did the average in-
crease; this increase was undoubtedly due to the in-
fluence of tenement and apartment house population,
though it should be borne in mind that in these coun-
ties in 1900 were large numbers of foreign bom, whose
families were much larger than the average native
family. The reduction in the average number of per-
sons to a dwelling in the remaining counties is un-
doubtedly the result of the decreased size of family. It
will be remembered that in this state, as in the other
New England states, low average size of family was
shown, and the influence of the great change recorded
appears to have been such ixs to overcome the opposite
tendency of occupancy of a dwelling or building by a
considerable number of families.
The counties having the largest average number of
persons to a dwelling in 1 790 (Dukes and Nantucket and
Essex) had very small averages in 1900. The explana-
tion of the large averages for 1790 lies partly in the
fact that these same counties showed the largest
average numbers of families per dwelling. The very
small averages shown for 1900 for these counties, and
LIHKAKY
TJN^
TFOBNIA
KA
102
A CENTURY OF POPULATIOX GROWTH.
also for Barnstable count3-, undoubtedly reflect the
fact that the population of these counties is excep-
tional in several particulars. It is principally native
white of native parents— in which element the average
size of family is very small— and, as shown by the state
census of 1905, is still decreasing.
Inspection of the average number of persons per
dwelling in the Massachusetts counties in 1790, as com-
pared with similar figures for 1900, shows that the
range of variation was more than three times as great
at the Twelfth Census as it was at the First. The
relative imiformity shown in 1790, and the fact that
nearly all the population of the country was engaged in
agriculture, go far to justify the presumption that, at
the time of the First Census, the conditions of popula-
tion in one state closely resembled those in the other
states of the limited area covered by the census. On
this basis the approximate number of dwellings in the
United States may reasonably be computed by em-
ploying as a ratio the number of families per dwelling
in Massachusetts.
The number of dwellings occupied in 1900 by fam-
ilies, other than private, can not be deducted from the
total number; but it is doubtful whether such a de-
duction, if it could be made, would affect appreciably
the average number of private families per dwelling.
It was found by computation that the ratio of all fam-
ilies to all dwellings in Massachusetts differed from the
ratio of private families to all dwellings by only one
one-hundredth of a family per dwelling.
Since in Massachusetts the proportion of colored
families was so small that their effect on the ratio of all
families to all dwellings may be disregarded, it was
deemed more accurate to apply the ratio for this state
to the white population of the other states (in many
of which the colored population was relatively very
numerous), rather than to their total population, and
thus to obtain the number of dwellings of white persons
only.
The increase during the century in the number of
dwellings in the area enumerated in 1790 was nearly
twelvefold. This table further illustrates the tend-
ency toward large families in 1790, offsetting, in the
averages, the small families and large buildings (such
as the apartment and tenement houses) in 1900. As
previously suggested, the effect of the former over-
comes the latter, with the rather unexpected result
that the average of 7 white persons per dwelling in
1790 declined to 5.7 in 1900, and in 4 out of the 17
states presented the average was less than 5. Had
the average number of white persons to a dwelling
which appeared in 1900 prevailed in 1790, there would
have been approximately 100,000 more dwellings of
white persons in the Republic. On the other hand,
had the average which prevailed in 1790 prevailed
also in 1900, the number of dwellings would be re-
duced approximately 1,000,000 — the equivalent of
all the dwellings in New York, the most populous
state in the Union. These comparisons, however,
possess value only as measuring vividly the change
which has occurred in the proportions.
Table 33. — Estimated average number of white persons per dwelling,
for each state and territory enumerated in 1790, and for the same
areas ' in 1900.
i:90
1900
STATE or. TEEKITORY.
White
lation.
Number
of dwell-
ings of
white
per-
sons."
Aver-
age
num-
ber of
per-
sons
to a
dweU-
ing.
White
popu-
lation.
Number
of dwell-
ings of
white
persons."
.Vver
age
num-
ber of
per-
sons
to a
dwell-
ing.
Area enumerated
in 1790
3.172.444
454,309
7.0
29,564.821
5,209,847
5.7
992,384
140,742
7.1
5,527,026
978,140
6.7
96,107
141.112
85. 072
373.187
64.670
232,230
954.003
14,218
19.986
12.467
53.312
9.045
31,714
136.477
6.8
7.1
6.8
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.0
692.226
410.791
342.771
2.769.764
419.060
892,424
15,264,839
148,028
86, 407
74,831
445, 637
66,312
156,865
2,564,696
4.7
New Hampshire
4.8
4.6
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
6.2
6.3
5 7
Middle states
6 0
New York
314.366
169.954
423,373
46,310
1,226.057
45.158
24.279
61.103
5,937
177,090
7.0
7.0
6.9
7.8
6.9
7.156.881
1.812,317
6,141.664
153,977
8,772,956
1.019.228
308,872
1,204.764
31,832
1,667,011
7.0
New Jersey
5 9
Pennsylvania
5.1
4 g
5 3
Maryland and Dis-
trict of Columbia..
Virginia and West
Virginia
208,649
442,117
289,181
140.178
62.886
61.133
31.913
26, 677
61,405
40,018
21,293
12. 507
10.233
4,957
7.8
7.2
7.2
6.6
4.2
6.0
6.4
1,143,956
2.108.088
1,263,603
557.807
297.007
1.862.309
1,640,186
2U,429
395. 696
240.630
107,915
58,580
359,052
293,909
5.4
5 3
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia *
6.3
5.2
6 1
Kentucky .
5 2
Tennp.'i'^pe
5 2
^ Except that no adjustment has been made for changes since 1790 in the bound-
ary line between Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
- Estimatfd on the basis of the ratio of white and free colored families to all
dwelHiiKs in Massachusetts.
3 Estimated.
* Part enumerated in 1790.
IX. PROPORTION OF CHILDREN IN WHITE POPULATION.
R.ATIO OF WHITE .ADULTS OF SELF-SUPPORTING .AGE TO WHITE
CHILDREN— OF WHITE CHILDREN TO .ADLLT WHITE FEXLALES—
EFFECT OF CH.\NGES IN THE PROPORTION OF CHILDREN.
It is probable that no change in the composition of
the white popuhition of the United States possesses
greater interest, or is more important to the future
welfare of the nation, than the proportion of the total
constituted by children. It is clear that upon the
changes in this respect, occurring from census to cen-
sus, in the Republic and in inilividual states and com-
munities, depends practically all economic readjust-
ment. "Wliat proportion of the white population was
formed by children under 16 years of age at the First
Census, and at the Twelfth * And, if a marked change
has occurred during the period under consideration,
what are some of the possible causes?
In the following table comparison is made of the
proportion of children per 1,000 of the total white
population at intervals from 1790 to 1900. It is
necessary to accept the age period under 16 years as
a limitation of "children," because of the use of that
age period at the earlier censuses.
Table 34. — Number of children per 1,000 of the ivhite population,
by states and territories: 1790, 1S20, 1S50, ISSO, and 1900.
STATE OR TERRITOEY.
NTJMBER OF WHITE PERSONS UXDEi 16
TEARS OF AGE PER 1,000 OF ALL AGES.
1790
1S20
18S0
1880
1900
United States
490
489
431
390
356
Area enumerated In 1790
490
483
414
373
344
Xew England
470
443
358
309
291
Maine
New Hampshire
507
486
513
455
464
454
4»4
485
447
463
420
429
422
485
404
342
378
338
349
340
405
318
281
324
305
315
315
358
290
275
2»t
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
290
305
Connecticut
297
Middle states
326
New York
493
487
498
494
502
484
472
489
479
508
385
410
429
431
461
336
361
385
367
431
309
327
Ppnnsylvanlft
345
327
402
Maryland and District of
Columbia
450
497
519
522
531
Wo
«550
457
487
507
503
519
533
551
526
414
451
455
456
493
474
488
463
377
434
429
433
442
439
449
40«
333
Virginia and West Virginia
North Carolina. .
400
428
South Carolina
418
Georgiai
421
4M
Tep^ipps*,*! a
411
Added area
368
■Entire state.
•Southwest Territory In 1790.
• Basic figures obtained from ratios existing in Tennessee in 180O.
The change which occurred in the original area dur-
ing the first thirty-year period — from 1790 to 1S20 —
was so slight as to possess little significance. During
this period there was, indeed, a slight increase in the
proportion shown in the Southern states. The decline
in the succeeding periods was— 1820 to 1850, 69; 1850
to 1880, 41; 1880 to 1900 (twenty years), 29; hence,
the decline in the proportion of white children un-
der 16 in each 1,000 white persons of all ages was 7
during the first thirty j-ears of Feileral census taking
and 139 in the succectling eighty years.
It will be observed that the Southern states, although
little affected since the First Census by additions to
puiHilalion through immigration, have, by maintaining
a liigher birth rate than the Xew England and Middle
states, increased their numbers from distinctively na-
tive population at a rate appro.\iinating, or possibly
exceeding, the rate attained by other portions of the
country with the assistance of immigrants and their
descendants.
RATIO OF WHITE ADIH^TS OF SELF-SUPPORTING AGE TO
WHITE CHILDREN.
The changes between the First and Twelfth censuses
in the average number of white adults available for the
sui)port of each white child arc shown in the following
table. Since children do not, as a rule, pass suddenly
into the adult class with respect to abilitv to support
young pei-sons, for the purposes of this study twenty
years is set as the minimum age at which persons are
capable of supporting children.
Table 3.5. — Ratio of white adults of self-supporting age to white
children: 1790 to 1900.
CENSUS YEAR.
White per-
sons 20 years
and over.
White chU-
dren under 16
years.
Ratio of
persons 20
years and
over lo all
children
under 16
yem.
1790
1,214,388
1,832.375
2,485.176
3,395,467
4,626,2y0
6.440,054
9.421.637
13.310,660
17.070.373
22,928.219
SO. 263, 755
37,748,491
1,553.280
2,156,357
2.933.211
3.843.680
4.970.210
6,510.878
8.428.458
11.329.812
13,719.431
16,919.«a9
20,154.222
23,846.473
078
1800
ass
1810
ass
1820
ass
093
Ig40
a9»
1.12
I860
1.17
1870
1..'4
1880
1 36
1890
1.50
1900
t58
For the censuses from 1790 to 1850, inclusive, .some
minor atljustments of age periods for this table proved
(103)
104
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
to be necessary in order to secure comparable figures;
in some instances these adjustments were for the period
under 16 years of age, and in others for the period 20
years of age and over. They were not sufiicient, how-
ever, to affect to any apjireciable degree the percent-
ages which appear in the table, even though it be con-
ceded that some errors may exist in the computations
required to be made from the nearest age group.
Diagram 9.— Ratio of white adults of self-supporting age to vMte
i-hildrcn under Id years.
1.9
1.8
1.7
i.e
1.5
1.4
13
1.2
I.I
IX)
/
/
/
/
/
/
J
^
y
/
,— -
^
f
8
7
6
6
/[
,/
■
^
<^
T
2
n
17
90 18C
)0 18
0 18
20 18
30 184
0 IS
SO 18
60 18
70 18
BO ISS
)0 19
DO
The proportion for 1900 is practically double that
for 1790. The iminterrupted increase shown in the
proportion of white adults of self-supporting age to
white children proves exceedingly suggestive. At the
First Census 7S0 atlults contributed to the maintenance
and rearing of 1,000 children in the United States; but
in 1900 the relationship of adults to children had
changed so greatly that the ratio became 1,580 adults
to each 1,000 children.'
The ratios of adults to children at the most recent
censuses of the principal nations of Europe were as
follows :
COOTJTET.
Census
year.
Ratio of
adults of
self-sup-
porting
age (20
years and
over) to
cliildren
under Ui
years.
1901
1901
1901
1901
1901
1900
1900
1900
2.4
1.8
1.7
1.6
Italj' .
1.6
1.5
1.5
United States
1.6
In 1790 the ratios of white adults of self-supporting
age to white children were practically uniform through-
out the area enumerated. This fact suggests that in
1790 similar conditions prevailed generally throughout
the country in connection with domestic and family
affairs. In 1900 the ratios varied widely in different
states, and in some instances — especially in New Eng-
land and in some of the other older settled states — at-
tained a high figure. The analysis is presented in full
in the following table. In order to show the effect of
locality, the states are grouped under main and minor
geographic divisions.
In the different divisions and states of continental
United States the number of white adults available
in 1900 for the support of each 1,000 white children
varied from 1,060 in Indian Territory to 2,400 in
Nevada. Within the area enumerated in 1790 the
extremes were 1,130 for North Carolina and (disregard-
ing the District of Columbia) 2,.390 for New Hampshire.
Wlien the states of the area enumerated in 1790
are grouped by geographic divisions it is found that
in both 1790 and 1900 the Southern states showed
the smallest proportion of white adults of self-
' " No great powerofimagination is needed in order to perceive the
enormous effect of these (European population) changes, * * *
and if at the present moment yearly 20 young persons out of a popu-
lation of 1,000 enter life as full grown members of society, it will
make a great difference if this number is reduced — say to 15.
Everywhere in offices and shops the number of juveniles will be
on the decrease, whereas gray-haired officials will be more abundant,
and if it is true thatall new ideas are bom in young brains, then this
distribution of age is identical with a serious loss for the popula-
tion. * * *
In a stagnant population, according to the life tables for males,
about 26 per cent would be imder 15 years old, but if all the principal
causes of death disappear the number would sink to 23 per cent. In
the former case 74 adults would bring up 26 children; in the latter
the numbers would be 77 and 23; consequently there would, in the
caseof thehigher, accordingly be 2.8 adults tol child, in the other,
3.3." — Westergaard, Proceedings of the International Institute of Sta-
tistics, 1007, page 113.
PROPORTION OF CHILDREN IN WHITE POPULATION.
105
supporting age to white children, and the New England
states showed the largest. In 1900, however, the
two extremes had grown so far apart that the South-
ern states, although nearly doubling their i)roportion
during the century, showed a ratio scarcely more than
one-half of that indicated for New England. The
difference between the ratios per 1,000 ciiildren for
the two sections had advanced from 700 and 800
adults, respectively, in 1790, to 1,280 and 2,190 in
1900.
Table 36. — Ratio of white adults of self-iupporling age to white
children, by slates and territories: 1900.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
White popu-
lation under
IB years.
White popu-
lation 20
years and
over.
Ratio of
white popu-
lation 2b
years and
over to
white popu-
lation
under 16
years.
Continental United States '
23,846,473
37,748,491
1.58
Area enumerated in 1790. . .
10,464,298
17,663,445
1.69
New England
1,610,495
3,531,973
2.19
Maine
200,792
112,987
100,857
804,342
125,970
265,347
4,972,312
441,215
269,686
217,746
1,774,910
262,269
566,147
9,179,888
2.20
2.39
2.16
2.21
2.08
2.13
1.85
New Hampshire
Vermont. .
Massachusetts...
Rhode Island
Middle states
New York
2,212,213
591,730
2,117,946
50,423
3,881,491
4,438,326
1,092,418
3,557,203
91,941
4,951,584
2.01
1.85
1.68
1.82
1.28
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Southern states
Maryland and District of Colum-
bia
381,2.53
844,206
540,543
233,a5fi
497,862
751,566
633,005
13,382,175
674,660
1,084,553
613,164
273,618
580,671
953,950
770,968
20,085,046
1.77
1.28
Virginia and West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
1 17
Kentucky
1.27
1 22
Tennessee
1.50
9,222,868
14,510,777
Ohio
1,335,964
847,7.55
1,61)0,114
813,188
780,664
668,183
802,660
1,09.5,731
128,739
1.55,250
408,226
520,394
2,898,532
2,406,258
1,410,271
2,715,180
1,401,7.50
1,113,736
93.5,121
1,236,108
1,605,117
1M,.507
195,142
,561,678
769,909
3,232,544
Indiana
Illinois
1 64
Michigan
Wisconsin
1 43
Minnesota
1 40
1.54
Missouri
1 46
North Dakota
South Dakota .
1 26
Nebraska
1.38
1.46
1.12
Florida
121,473
431,491
276,328
307,120
1,0,57,904
134,3(HI
1,54, 4.V)
415,478
1,260,775
151,885
480,601
307,476
361,674
1,160,016
141,961
183,954
444,977
2,341,725
1.25
1. 11
Mississippi
1.11
1.18
Texas
1. 10
Indian Territory
1.06
1.19
Arkansas
1.07
Western states
1.86
Montana
69,674
28, W3
ir,!>,r36
74,124
31, .107
118,7.58
9,6,'.9
60,.5(iS
162, .542
131,768
403,826
143,887
.54,107
324,181
93,918
55,314
130,847
23,262
82,975
300,219
232,065
900,947
2 07
Wyoming
1.88
1.91
New Mexico
1.27
1.77
Utah
1. 10
2 40
Idaho
1.37
Washington
1.S5
Oregon
1.76
California
2.23
' Excluding persons st.!tioned abroad.
• Entire state.
The marked difference in the ratio shown by the
group of Southern states, in comparison with "some
Other sections, suggests a tabulation of the South in
comparison with the rest of the countrj'; and upon
making such analysis it appears that the ratio of white
adults of self-supporting age to eacii 1,000 white
children in 1900 was 1,210 in the South and 1,730 in
the remainder of the country.
It must not be overlooked that the ratios here shown
are based upon the entire white population, hative and
foreign. It was impossible to secure an analysis for
the native and foreign elements separately; but at-
tempts to secure such separation indicated that the
native element tended to record a much higher ratio
of adults to children than the foreign element — in
some instances, indeed, probably exceeding 3,000
adults to each 1,000 children.
RATIO OF WHITE CHILDREN TO .\I>UI.T WHITE FEMALES.
The relative importance of children in the white
population has already been measuretl by considering
the proportion children form of the total and the
ratio of adults of self-supporting age to children.
Another standpoint from wliich to view this subject
consists in a consideration of the ratio of white chil-
dren (under 16 years of age) to white females 16 years
of age and over.
Table 37. — Ratio of white children to adult white females in each
state and territory enumerated in 1790 and in the same areat in
1900.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
RATIO OF WHITE
CIIILDREN- UNDER
16 TO ALL WHITE
FEMALES 16
VEAKS AMD OVER.
KM
' ItOO
Area enumerated In 1790
1.9
1 0
New England
1.7
0 8
Maine
2.1
l.t
2.3
1.6
LS
1.C
ZO
0.8
as
Vermont
OlO
a8
Rhode Island
as
Connecticut
OlS
Middle states
1 0
New York
2.1
3.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
0.9
New Jersey
1 0
) 1
1.3
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.3
Z*
2.6
2.7
1.0
Virginia and West Virginia
L4
North Carolina
I.S
1.4
Georgia
1.4
1.4
L4
Comparison of the ratios shown in this table for
1790 and 1000 reveals a variation com[)arable in
extent with that shown in Table 3.5. An average of
nearly 2 children to every white female of mature
years in 1790 declined to an average of 1 in 1900,
or half as great for the entire area considered. In all
106
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
the New England states, and in New York, the average
was less than 1 in 1900.
The significance of this subject is so great that it
will be appropriate to point out the conditions which
prevailed in 1850 and 1900 in continental United
States and in individual states.
Tadle 38.-RATI0 OF WHITE CHILDREN TO ALL WHITE FEMALES 16 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY STATES AND
TERRITORIES: 1850 AND 1900.
STATE OR TEREITORT.
Continental United States
Area enumerated in 1790
New England
Maine
New liampsMre
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rliode Island
Connecticut
Middle states
New Yorlc
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Southern states
Maryland and District of Columbia
Virginia and West Virginia
North Carolina
South (^arolina
Georgia (eastern part)
Kentucky
Tennessee
Added area
Northern states
Ohio
Indiana
I llinols
Michigan
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dalcota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
Southern states
Georgia (western part)
Florida
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisiana
Texas
Indian Territory
Oklahoma
Arkansas
Western states
Montana
Wyoming
Colorado ^ . .
New Mexico and Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Idaho
Oregon and Washington
California
I Excluding persons stationed abroad.
» SuMlvlsion of group 15 to 19 years estimated.
No state of the Union enumeratod in 1850 showed
an increase, during the half century which elapsed to
1900, in the ratio of children to adult white females.
Within this short period the ratio of cliildren to each
1,000 females declined from 1,600 to 1,100 for the
entire United States, and from 1,400 to 1,000 in the
White
females
16 years
and'over.=
5,376,497
3,620,445
878,777
169, 536
107, 780
95,517
335,407
48,332
122,176
920,783
137, 787
635,840
20,318
1,026,940
132,474
245,388
156,758
75,367
32,028
191,611
193,314
1,756,052
1,316,612
512. 296
237,871
2«,097
100,334
75,585
1,213
44,933
140,283
(=)
CI
<.')
(')
413,463
97,533
10,771
104,534
67, 725
63,289
33,783
(■)
(")
35,828
25, 977
(')
(')
(')
16,973
<2,749
(.<)
2,234
4,021
White
children
under 16
ycars.2
Ratio of
white
children
to white
females
16 years
and over.
8,428,458
5, 088, 903
968, 798
234,873
108,632
118,583
332,988
50,270
123,452
2,364,449
1,173,119
190,801
969,870
30, 659
1,755,666
188,663
403, 250
251,542
125, 113
56,521
361,111
369,456
3,339,555
2,459,118
889,640
476, 641
402, 665
176,868
133, 184
2,291
94,532
283,297
(')
(')
(')
(»)
836,759
200,412
22,098
208.287
146,893
102, 964
73, 142
(')
(')
82,963
43,678
(»)
C)
25,956
<5,163
W
«
5,538
7,021
1.4
1.0
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.2
1.6
2.2
1.5
1.9
2.5
1.7
19001
White
females 16
years and
over.
1,993,736
243, 124
149,330
118.318
1,019,195
150,094
313,675
5,127,096
2,496,617
610, 628
1,969,432
60,619
2,615,140
388, 125
618,013
360,471
162, 973
86, 277
515,038
448,243
11,086,653
7,916,781
1,347,828
785,402
1,483,102
759, 528
609,341
482,631
672,837
890, 534
74,807
98,724
295,832
416,215
2, 065, 284
256,699
83,066
282, 166
179,268
207,418
639, 303
73, 702
93,012
250,660
62,580
19,217
155, 298
69,940
74, 735
9,318
36,346
239,741
447,413
White
Children
under 16
years.
23,846,473
10, 090, 044
1,610,495
200, 792
112,987
100,857
804,612
125, 970
266,347
4.972,312
2,212,213
691,730
2,117,946
60,423
3,507,237
381,253
844,206
640,543
233,066
123, 60S
751,666
633,006
13,756,429
9,222,868
1,336,964
847, 755
1,660,114
813, 188
780, 664
668, 183
802, 660
1,095,731
128, 739
156,250
408, 226
526,394
3,272,786
374, 254
121,473
431,494
276,328
307, 120
1,057,904
134,300
161,435
416, 478
1,260,776
69,674
28,843
169, 736
105,431
118,758
9,689
60, 60S
294,310
403,826
' Not enumerated.
* Enumerated as part of Utah territory if at all.
area enumerated in 1790. The two preceding tables,
therefore, reveal the fact that the ratio of 1,900 children
to each 1 ,000 white women for the United States in 1790
declined 300 (to 1,600) in the sixty years elapsing to
1850, and 500 (to 1,100) in the succeeding half century.
How great has been the change during the century
PROPORTION OF CHILDREN IN WHITE POPULATION.
107
in the proportion of children in the white population
can best be reahzed by applyinn; the ratio shown in 1 900
to tiie number of white females above the age of 16
in 1790. and the ratio shown in 1790 to the number of
white females 16 years of age and over in 1900.
NUMBEB OF WHITE CHILDREN UXDEK 10 YEARS
OF AGE.
1790
1900
AREA.
Actual
number.
On basis of
ratio shown
for continen-
tal I'nlted
States in
1900. number
would have
been—
Actual
number.
On basis
ot ratio
shown In
1790, num-
ber would
have been —
Continental United
States . . .
1,553,260
884,495
23,846,810
39,563.953
Area enumerated In 1790
1,553,260
884,495
10.090,044
13,756,700
18.498,347
Changes in the ratio of white children to adult white fe-
males, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. —
The enumeration of the inliabitants of New York city
in 170.3 specified the number of white females and the
number of white children of both sexes. This fact
makes possible a computation, for one representative
community, of the proportion of cliildren to white
females at one of the earliest enumerations made in
British North American territory. The ratio of white
children of both sexes to wliite females 16 j-ears of
age and over, as indicated by this census, was 1.9.
Of even greater interest is the partial enumeration
of New York colony made in 1712-1714. The returns
of this census cover all counties except Queens, al-
though the returns for Kings and Richmond counties
give only the total population, and Albany, Dutchess,
and Ulster counties were not returned at all until 1714.
The detailed returns of this census cover the entire
white population in even greater detail than was
shown at the First Census of the United States. The
proportion of white children under 16 years of age to
white females 16 years of age and over, for the coun-
ties reported in detail, is given in Table 39.
The results of the New York censu.'^cs of 1703 and
1712 lead to the conclusion that at this period in the
history of the colony there were about 2 wliite cliil-
dren to each adult white female. It is probable that
at this early period there was little variation in the
conditions prevaihng in the different colonies; most of
the inhabitants were engaged in agricultural pursuits,
and there was practically no urban population in the
modern sense of the term. Tliis uniformity of condi-
tions, together with the fact that even as late as 1790
the ratio of wliite cliildren to wlute women varied but
httle in the different states and geographic divisions,
suggests the inference that throughout the eighteenth
century, and in all the British American colonies, there
were approximately 2 white children to each adult
wliite female. This inference accords with the fact
that the economic and social conditions of the colonies
remained substantially unchanged during that period.
It also serves to emphasize strikingly, by contrast, the
change wliich occurred in the United States during the
nineteenth century in the ratio of white cliildren to
adult white females.
Table HO.—Iiatio of white children under 16 years of age to white
female* 16 years of age and over in New York, by counliet: 171 1.
While
feiniiles
Hi years
an<fovcr.
WHITE CHILDSEK UKDEB 16
YEARS.
Ratio of
white chil-
dren under
coimTV.
Both
KXCS.
Hales.
Females.
16 years to
while te-
males Hi
years and
over.
Total
4,317
8,450
4,389
4,061
2.0
Albanvi
725
K
1,365
96
990
442
601
1,404
218
2,379
187
2,136
877
1,249
753
120
1,197
105
1,092
450
672
651
98
1,182
82
1,044
427
577
Dutchess'
Orance
1 9
Sullolk
2.2
I'ister'
Westchester
2.1
■ Returns not received until 1714.
Ratios of children to adult females in the native and the
foreign stocl- of the white population. — It will be recalled
that in a preceding chapter the contributions of the
two main elements of the wliite population — descend-
ants of persons enumerated in 1 790 and of persons who
came to the United States after the First Census —
were estimated to represent appro.ximately 3.5,000,000
and 32,000,000, respectively, of the total wliite popu-
lation in 1900. Which of these two elements is the
more liberal contributor of population increase at the
present time? If the second, or foreign element, is
the larger contributor what share is being borne in such
contribution by the various nationalities wliich com-
pose it ? It is clear that the answers to these questions
are of great importance to the Republic, since the
ideals and policies of the nation must depend upon the
characteristics of its citizens. Unfortunately, how-
ever, census publications can give no answer to ques-
tions concerning the fecundity of the various elements
of the population.
There is a widespread opinion among students of
population statistics that the white native stock, rej)-
resentcd by the 35,000,000 of i)ersons in 1900, is now
increasing at a very slow rate, if at all; in all prob-
abilit}' it is barely maintaining itself." Tliis point of
view appcai-s to be conffrmetl b^- many of the facts wliich
are presented in tliis report. If this be true, or even
' "As a general proposition it will hold true that the ab'^olule
and relative fecundity of the native bom element is less through-
out the countrj' than" that of the foreign bom. There are difter-
ences, of course, in the degree of fe<undity, and fortunately the
native birth rate is still comparatively normal in the Southern
and Western states; but there can be no doubt that throughout the
country the foreign element is reproducing ilM-\( much more rap-
idly than the native, with probably four generations to a century,
against less than three among the natives. '—F. L. Uoffman, North
American Review, May, 1909, page 675.
108
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GRO^^H.
partially true, then the other, or foreign, element of
the wliite population, represented in 1900 by 32,000,000
persons, of whom more than 20,000,000 were either
forei<m bom or the cliildren of persons born abroad,
is now contributing the bulk of population increase.
There is no reason to doubt, however, that ^\^thln this
element the different nationaUties differ widely in their
percentages of increase.
In order to determine whether differences of this
character actually exist, a test was made by analyzing
the names appearing upon the Twelfth Census sched-
ules for 2 counties wliich remained practically un-
changed in area during the century— Hartford county,
Conn., and Columbia county, N. Y. Hartford county.
Conn., was selected partly because in 1790 its popula-
tion was exclusively British, and practically all Eng-
lish, so that the changes, if any, occurring during the
century, could be clearly marked in connection with
that nationality; and partly because in 1900 it was a
typical county. The population had increased sixfold
during the century; it was partly urban and partly
rural; it was exceedingly prosperous, and obviously
had fully participated in the growth and progress of
the nation. Columbia county, N. Y., was a distinctly
rural county in 1790, and largely rural also in 1900,
The tabulations resulted as follows:
Table 40 -RATIO OF \DULT WHITE FEMALES TO WHITE CHILDREN, FOR EACH NATIONALITY AS INDICATED BY
Table 40. «^^^^"^"^^jj^g qj, jj^^^S qj, FAMILIES IN HARTFORD COUNTY, CONN.: 1790 AND 1900.
1790
1900
White females 16
years and over.
White children under 16 years.
White females 16
years and over.
White children under 16 years.
NATION AUTT.
Number.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Number.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Number.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Number.
Total.
Average to
each female
16 years
and over.
Total.
Average to
each female
16 years
and over.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Total
10,614
100.0
17,076
1.6
100.0
66,517
100.0
55,653
0.8
100.0
Bntish
10,594
99.8
17,042
1.6
99.8
52,500
78.9
36,576
0.7
65.7
English
10,236
303
5o
6
11
96.4
2.9
0.5
0.1
0.1
16,516
416
110
10
22
1.6
1.4
2.0
1.7
2.0
96.7
2.4
aa
0.1
0.1
32,159
2,798
17,543
151
1,781
6,375
5,710
4S. 3
42
26.4
0.2
2.7
9.6
8.6
17.916
2,094
16,566
127
2,173
7,752
9,025
0.6
0.7
0.9
0.8
1.2
1.2
1.6
32.2
Irish
0.2
A 11 nthpr i
3
m
2
0.7
m
16.2
1 Includes Hungarian, Italian, Roumanian, Russian, Scandinavian, etc.
s than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
Table 41.-RATI0 OF ADULT WHITE FEiL-^LES TO WHITE CHILDREN, FOR EACH NATIONALITY AS INDICATED BY
NAMES OF HEADS OF FAMILIES IN COLUMBIA COUNTY, N. Y.: 1790 AND 1900.
1790
1900
White females 16
years and over.
White children under 16 years.
White females 16
years and over.
White children under 16 years.
NAnONAUTY.
Niunber.
Percent
distribu-
tion.
Number.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Number.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Number.
Total.
Average to
each female
16 years
and over.
Total.
Average to
each female
16 years
and over.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Total
6,203
loao
13,054
2.1
loao
15,542
100.0
11,205
0.7
loao
British
4,980
80.3
10,646
2.1
81.6
11,713 1 75.4
7,673
0.7
68.5
English
4,815
137
28
1,148
30
37
8
77.6
2.2
0.5
las
0.5
0.6
0.1
10,344
230
72
2,290
60
42
16
2.1
1.7
Z6
ZO
2.0
1.1
2.0
79.2
1.8
0.6
17.5
0.5
0.3
0.1
8,644 1 .W. 6
5,490
340
1,843
633
226
2,103
510
0.6
0.7
a7
0.6
0.9
0.9
2.0
49.0
Scotch
516
2,553
985
241
2,343
2C0
as
16.4
6.3
1.6
15.1
1.7
ao
Irish
16.4
Dutch
5.6
French '
2.0
19.3
All other '
4.6
1 Practically all French Canadians in 1900.
In 1900 the British stock was making a compara-
tively meager contribution to the population of both
counties. The 1790 ratios of 1.6 children under 16
years of age to each female 16 years and over in the
^ Includes Hungarian. Italian, Roumanian, Russian. Scandinavian, etc.
Coimecticut county and 2.1 in the New York county,
by 1900 had shrunk one-half in the former and one-
third in the latter. Since in 1790 the British element
was composed almost exclusively of English, it is in
PROPORTION OF CHILDREN IN WHITE POPULATION.
109
this nationality that most of the descendants of per-
sons pnumeratod in 1790 in these 2 counties are to be
found. It will be observ^ed that in both instances the
ratio for the English is even lower than that for the
remainder of the British element.
The other than British elements show in each county,
in 1900, a more liberal ratio of children to women.
Both the French Canadian and the German nationaU-
ities show a ratio which, while much less than that
shown for 1790, is nevertheless higher than that of
the British element. The increase in the ratio is great-
est, however, for tiie nationalities analyzed upon the
schedule and grouped in the table under the head of
"all other." This term includes principally Italians,
Hungarians, Russians, and Scandinavians — nationali-
ties which are included in the most recent immigration
movement. In both counties the contribution of this
element, in 1900, greatly exceeds that of any other,
approaching the very liberal proportion of children to
adult females shown for the total white population at
the First Census of the United States.
The foregoing analysis is presented merely as an
illustration of the significant variation in the contribu-
tion of various racial elements to the increase of popu-
lation in the United States. The labor involved in a
complete tabulation of this kind is so great that it
could not be attempted except at a decennial census,
and it is doubtful if facilities would exist at that time.
But the test tabulations here presented tend to
confirm the impression that during the eighteenth
century practically no change occurred in the social
and economic stmcture of the colonies which subse-
quently became parts of the United States, while dur-
ing the nineteenth century a very marked readjustment
has been in progress, resulting in a striking change in
the ratio of children to adult females.
Comparison of the United States with Europe. — Con-
sideration of the changes shown to have occurred in the
United States during the century, in the ratio of white
children to adult white females, is aided by making a
study of the corresponding ratios for the four principal
nations of Europe.
United Kingdom
France
Germany
Italy
United states....
Census
year.
1901
1901
1900
1901
1900
Females
lOyears
and over.
14,251,030
14,190,357
18,293,000
10,549,084
20,822,625
Children
under
16 years.
14,211.381
10,684,083
20,722,000
11,722,730
23,846,473
Ratio of
children
under 16
to females
l(i years
and over.
1.0
0.8
1.1
1.1
The above table indicates that the proportion of
children to adult females was practically the same in
the United States in 1900 as in Great Britain, Ger-
many, and Italy at the corresponding enumerations
in those countries; hence it appears that population
conditions in the Republic are tending to become more
in harmony with those obtaining in other civilized
countries. It should be noted that although the ratio
shown for France is considerably less than those for
Great Britain, Germany, Italy, and the United States,
it is identical with tiiat shown for .5 of tlie New Eng-
land states, and but one-tenth less than that shown
for New York.
EFFECT OF CHANGES I.V THE PROPORTIO.V OF CHIL-
DREN.
There are many standpoints from which to view this
subject. From one, it migltt be claimed that tlie peo-
ple of the United States, taking all into account, have
concluded that they are only about one-half as well
able to rear children — at any rate without personal sac-
rifice— under the conditions prevaiUng in 1900 as
their predecessors proved themselves to be under the
conditions which prevailed in 1790. It is possible also
to claim that at the period of the First Census the sim-
ple living characteristic of a new country, the simple
wants supplied by neighborhood industries, and the
self-dependence of the family due to sparseness of pop-
ulation, all tended toward large families.
In 1900 the resources of the nation were developed
to the point of fruition. From various causes the
population had become very large. Wealtii had in-
creased to a degree unparalleled elsewhere in the
world or in any age. At the present time the com-
plexity of living, congestion of population, depend-
ence on foreign help, and especially the innumerable
wants fostered by machine-made goods, manufac-
tured upon an enormous scale and ever tempting to
greater expenditure, all tend toward restriction of
size of families.
At the begirming of the nineteenth century a vast
continent, with untold resources, awaited development
and created what might be termed a population hunger.
In Europe, at the same period, the creation of unex-
ampled industrial activity protluced, though to a lesser
degree, a somewhat similar condition. The close of
the nineteenth century finds the insistent demand for
population practically saii.-^fied, and in some instances
more than satisfietl, both in the United States and
in Europe. The degree to which this demand is
occurring in different sections of the Uniteil Stales is
suggested b}' the wide variations in the proportions of
white children to white adults in the various states and
geographic divisions. The older coimnunities, having
already acquired dense population, resulting in a more
severe struggle for existence, show the highej^t propor-
tion of adults to children; while in tlie younger or
more sparsely settled states, and in those in which wide
opportunity for the individual .still exists, the propor-
tion of children to adults is much greater. It must
be remembered, however, that in communities which
have been in existence le.<s than fifty years the birth
rates, as reflected by the proportion of children in the
no
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
white population, may be abnormally high, because
of the abnormal age distribution of the population of
such sections.
It would be idle to attem'pt to point out the social
and economic results likely to occur in the future
from tiie changes here shown to have taken place, even
were such a discussion appropriate in these pages. A
century hence the student of population changes will
be able to measure, in the same manner as the signifi-
cance of population changes from 1790 to 1900 is
here measured, but in abler and more accurate fashion,
the effect — economic loss, or possibly, indeed, eco-
nomic gain — upon the United States of failure of the
white population to contribute (on the basis of the
1790 proportion) many millions of young people
to the activities of the Republic. He will confront
the fact that in the early life of the Republic there
appeared in the total population a very large propor-
tion of young persons, but that after the expiration
of a century, as the population approached 100,000,000
and all the activities of the nation were developed and
expanded to a marvelous degree, the proportion of
j'oung persons decreased to such an extent as to
create a remarkable contrast between the conditions
which prevailed at the beginning and at the end of
the nineteenth century. It is probable that against
such a background the economic history of the com-
ing centurv will be written.
X. SURNAMES OF THE WHITE POPULATION IN 1790.
APPROXIMATE NUMBER— NOMENCLATURE— PREPONDERANCE OF
ENGLISH AND SCOTCH NAMES— UNUSUAL AND STRIKING SUR-
NAMES—DISTRIBUTION OF SURNAMES— CONCENTRATION OF POP-
ULATION UNDER CERTAIN NAMES— ABSENCE OF MIDDLE NAMES.
In the states for which the schedules of the First
Census still exist there were 27,337 surnames in 1700.
It is impossible to compute from this fi<jure the num-
ber of surnames in the entire I'nited States at the date
of tiie First Census, but the fact that the states for
which the schedules are lackinij, with the exception of
New Jersey, were settled largely by English immigrants,
suggests the probability that the names in addition
to those appearing upon the existing schedules were
comparatively few in number. It is thus probable
that the entire number of surnames in the United
States at that period did not much exceed 30,000.
The tables wliich follow present some classification
of nomenclature resulting from an inspection of the
names of heads of families as they appear upon the
schedules. This classification has been made because
of the historical value which attaches to such analysis.
The heads of families enumerated at the First Census
were practically tiie founders of the Republic; it was
they who adopted the Constitution which made the
Republic permanent. Furthermore, the constant
increase of interest in genealogy makes this analysis
of especial interest.
A large preponderance of English and Scotch names
appears upon the schedules of the First Census. The
proportion, indeetl, is so large that these two nationali-
ties embrace substantially the entire population, with
the exception of that of certain sections, principally in
New York, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. More-
over, inspection of the names, conveys the impression
that the}' were largely of Anglo-Saxon origin.
Many of the names upon the schedules probably
have now passed out of existence, because of an in-
creasing tendency on the part of the public to avoid
striking or fantastic names. Most of those names
which teniled to cause a distinct loss of dignity to the
bearer have, in the course of a century, been so modi-
fied, with the social advance of the possessors, as to lose
unpleasant characteristics. Many Christian names
which were of frequent occurrence in the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries, and indeed in the early
part of the nineteenth century, have become obso-
lete. Their use by the present generation would be
regarded as an absurdity. Inspection of the city
directories for several of the larger municipalities
' Classification of the surnames shown upon the census schedules,
according to their meaning as parts of speech, proves of so much
interest that, while not properly a part of a report of this character,
some of the more noteworthy names are given in the following
classified list :
shows that many of the more iieculiar and eccentric
names reported at the First Census still continue to
be borne; but it is a fact, al.so, that such names are by
no means so conspicuous at tlie i)resent time as at the
earlier ]>eriod. The addition of a great body of
names originating in countries other than Great
Britain tcmls to reduce tlie prominence of Enghsh
names, as the proportion contributed by such names
decreases. It is true that many of tlie names so ad<led
may be formed of the parts of speecii of otlier lan-
guages, but this fact is concealed by their occurrence
in a foreign tongue.
Those wiio study the names upon the schedules of
the First Census are impressed bv the fact that a
large proportion of the total number are derived from
common nouns or other parts of speech relatetl to
the daily affairs, occupations, events, and surround-
ings of the indiviihial and the communit.v. Tests
were made of the names returned for 3 states, to
determine the proportion of families bearing names of
this class. It was found that of all families reported
in these 3 states about 30 per cent derived their
names from parts of si)eech.
Of the 27,337 different surnames for which the
1790 schedules are in existence, 9.4 per cent were de-
rived from parts of speech. Upon making a classifi-
cation of tlie names so derived, according to the
meaning of the words, they fall into the following
general classes:'
Household and domestic affairs — food and eating, drink, cloth-
ing, and sewing materials.
Nations and places.
Human cliaracteristics — nationality, kinds of men, condition,
appearance or state, bathing, ailmente and remedies, parts and
actions of the body, relationship.
Giames, religion, music, and literature.
Property — kind of house and building material and belongings,
surroundings, furniture and tableware, merchandise and commod-
ities, and money.
Nature — color, objects of nature or features of landscape, treee,
plants and flowers, fruits, nuts, weather, beasts, birds, insects and
creeping creatures.
The ocean and maritime subjects.
War.
Death and violence.
Time.
Unusual and ludiirous combinations of common noims and of
Christian names and surnames.
HOUSEHOLD AND DOMESTIC AFFAIRS.
Food and fa/inj.— .Soup, Ovster. Fii<h, Trout, Salmon, Haddock,
Shad, Crab; \eal. Lamb, Pork, Savory. Stew; f'owl, buck. Quail.
Goose, Gravy; Tripe, Tongue. Kidney. Liver, Hash, Ham. Eggs;
ill!)
112
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Two facts are of especial interest in connection with
an analysis of names. Tiie parts of speech which are
represented are almost entirel}^ Anglo-Saxon. They are
derived from the most common events of life, condi-
tions, places, or things, and it may be said that they
represent almost one-third of the population of the
United States in 1790. The prevalence of biblical
given names reflects the religious feeling of the period.
The absence of those names which were offensive from
the standpomt of politics, on the other hand, reflects
the political prejudices prevailing at that date. For
example, the name "Charles" is found rather infre-
quently. Indeed, in the entire state of Massachusetts,
one of the most populous states of that period, it oc-
curs less than 250 times on the schedules.
A classification of the total number of names repre-
sented upon the schedules (27,337), according to fre-
quency of occurrence, as, for example, the number
of names which appear but once, the number which
appear but twice, etc., show the following interesting
results :
NCMBER OF TIMES SAMES APPEAR UPON SCQEDm.ES, BY
GROUPS.
' Number
of names.
Total...
1
2
3to4
5 to 9
10 to 24
25 to 49
50 to 99
100 to 199
200 to 299
300 to 399
400 to 499
500 to 749
750 to 999
1.000 to 1,499..
1,500 to 1.999..
2,000 to 2,999..
3.000 and over
27,337
Per cent
each class
forms of
all names.
100.0
11,934
3,609
3,235
3.105
2.564
1,244
744
511
154
84
55
63
12
19
6
6
2
43.7
13.2
11.8
11.4
9.4
4.6
2.7
1.9
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
(')
(
(')
(■)
(')
0.1
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
Goodbread, Butter, Olives, Radish, Mustard, Cress, Vinegar;
Corn, Beets, Onions, Beans, Collard, Carrott, Peas, Squash,
Brownrice, Sago; WaiBe, Honey, Pancake, Jam, Mush, Treacle;
Cake, Custard, Tart, Cheese, Almond, Dates, Shaddock, Melon;
Mints, Fudge; Coffee, Tea, Sugar, Milk; Hunger, Food, Meal,
Diet, Slice, Broil, Boiling, Ginger, Greens, Alspice, Lard, Pepper.
Drink. — Brandy, Goodrum, Grog, Grapewine, Redwine, Punch,
Cider, Port, Negus, Freshwater, Beer, Booze, Goodwine, Wine.
Clothing. — Dress, Raiment, Gowns, Frocks, Petticoat, Bloomer,
Scarf, Redsleeves, Frill, Shawl, Bonnet, Feather, Boas, Mitts,
Beads, Spangle, Shoe, Highshoe, Stockings, Coats, Shirts, Waist-
coat, jumpers, Smock, Overall, Collar, Lightcap, Mitten, Boots,
Socks, Brogan, Cap.
Sewing materials. — Linen, Silk, Poplin, Crape, Lace, Wool, But-
tons; Machine, Needles, Pattern, Pin, Bodkin, Spool; Threadcraft,
Mendingall, Patching, Whitecotton.
NATIONS AUD PLACES.
England, Ireland, Hungary, Germany, Holland, Spain, Poland,
Athens, Boston, Canada, Bohemia, Venice, Parliament, Paradise,
Bedlam.
HUU.4.N CH.\K.\CTERISTICS.
Nationality. — English, Irish, French, German, Prussian, Poles,
Spaniard, Malay, Tartar, Dago, Mussulman, Dutch.
Kinds of men. — Beeman, Councilman, Countryman, Iceman,
Ploughman, Sickman, Shortman, Smallman, Toughman, Tidyman,
Weatherman, Weedingman, Peacemaker, Houselighter, Wool-
weaver, Landmiser, Pioneer, Pilgrim, Pagan, Pettyfool, Passenger,
Grooms, Biters, Fakes, Equals, Drinker, Dancer, Kicker, Cusser,
Spilter, Booby, Dunce, Gump, Boor, Crank, Crook, Rascal, Swin-
dle, Knave, Outlaw, Madsav.ige, Coward, Hero, Double, Goodfellow.
Condition.— RungeT, Thirst, Smell, Taste, Anger, Laughter,
Comfort, Reason, Clemency, Justice, Care, Pride, Wit, Pluck,
Faith, Devotion, Goodcourage, Fuss, Flurry, Fury, Thrift, Doubt,
Piety.
Appearance or state.— Short, Shorter, Plump, Comely, Sallow,
Supple, Bony, Barefoot, Allred, Busy, Idle, Careless, Strict, Calm^
Gushing, Dumb, Howling, Daft, Looney, Dowdy, Neat, Empty
Greedy, Fearing, Fearless, Faithful, Fickle, Forward, Humble, Gad-
ding, Sober, Maudlin, Gaudj-, Quaint, Harsh, Jolly, Kind, Severe
Literal, Final, Wealthy, Miserly, Naughty, Toogood, Sullen, San-
guine, Proud, Prudent, Rough, Tough, Hastv, Weary, Old Older
Wordly, Witty, Allright, Proper, Lazy, Lucky, Upright, Under-
hand, Mea,sley, Rude, Toobald, Cacklin.
Bathing. — Ccldbath, Towel, Soap.
Ailments and remedies. — Fatyouwant, Gout, Fever, Crampeasy
Boils, Measles, Swelling, Corns, Rickets, Gripe, Ache, Cough'
Sliver, Blackhead, Warts, Tetter, Fits; Surgeon, Quack- Balm'
Physic, Salts, Mixture, Blister, Pellet, Pill.
Parts and actions of the bodi/.— Head, Brains, Forehead, Cheeks
Nose, Ears, Chin, Beard, Lips, Tongue, Shoulders, Wrists', Hands'
Fingers, Thumbs, Hips, Side, Knee, Leg, Foot, Heel, Bones'
Gullets, Hearts, Kidneys, Bowels, Livers, Glands, Breaths, Voices'
\Miisper, Murmurs, Grunts, Howls, Yells, Smack, Caress. '
Relationship. — Brother, Sister, Couples, Husbands, Son, Daugh-
ter, Uncles, Cousins, Neighbors.
GAMES, RELIGION, MUSIC, AND LITERATURE.
Games. — Clubs, Cards, Chess, Faro, Dice, Dance, Waltz.
Religion. — Preacher, Rector, Church, Chapel, Steeples, Spires,
Bell, Clapper, Organ, Pew, Sermon, Creed, Bible, Psalms, Psalter,
Sinners, Blessing, Miracle, Angels, Heavens, Hell.
Music and literature. — Music, Chord, Harmony, Overture', Chris-
tian, Singer, Duett, Harp, Fiddle, Fife, Comet; Poet, Rymes,
Jingles, Ballad, Parody.
PROPERTY.
Kind of house, building material, and belongings. — House, Lot,
Brickhouse, Acres, Greathouse, Marble, Mahogany, Oldhouse,
Halfacre, Stonehouse, Longhouse, Newhouse, Laughinghouse,
Roof, Brickroof, Shingle, Gambrel, Gable, Gutters, Spout, Lumber,
Brick, Wooden, Plank, Scantling, Lath, Crack, Cranny, Door,
Latch, Knob, Lockkey, Kitchen, Buttery, Shelf, Furnace, Heater,
Register, Porch, Shed, Pump, Corners.
Surroundings. — Stable, Barns, Trough, Manger, Coolyard, Brick-
well, Coldwell, Cornhouse, Woodhouse, Miikhouse, W^arehouse,
Millhouse, \\'harf.
Furniture and tableware. — Table, Curtain, Vase, Clocks, Desk,
Chairs, Cushion, Pillow, Bolster, Box, Broom, Bucket, Candle,
Snuffer, Plate, Platter, Bowls, Newbowl, China, Silver, Knife,
Forks, Spoons, Pitcher, Mug, Saucer.
Merchandise and commodities. — Stove, Wood, Coke, Oven, Coal,
Fender, Auction, Wondersale, Shovel, Poker, Hammock, Pickett,
Tubs, Ax, Ladder, Mallet, Nuthammer, Hatchet, Wrench, Level,
Nipper, \\"hetstone. Gouge, Nail, Tack, Awl, Oats, Bran, Shorts,
Husks, Wheat, Mash, Bags, Balloon, Barley, Barrels, Basket,
Bench, Bike, Boiler, Bomb, Brass, Buckhorn, Camphor, Cane, Cap,
Chalk, Chopper, Coin, Coldiron, Combs, Compass, Coop, Coopernail,
Copper, Cork, Cowhorn, Cradle, Cutwork, Dipper, Divans, Files,
Filters, Grater, Gravel, Gum, Hammers, Hassock, Hogshead,
Hornbuckle, Hose, Inks, Iron, Irons, Ivory, Junk, Kettle, Kite,
Leeks, Lightwood, Locket, Maize, Tenpenny, Oldshoe, Paste, Pearl,
Pen, Pencil, Pipes, Plough, Powder, Primer, Rags, Rakes, Rattle,
Razor, Rivets, Rockets, Rope, Rug, Satchel, Screws, Sequin, Shot,
Sickle, Silkrags, Silver, Slate, Smallcorn, Snuff, Spikes, Sticks,
Stilts, Straw, Tallow, Tarbox, Ticket, Tiles, Tool, Trap, Trucks,
Trunk, Tubes, Turnipseed, Twine, Twist, Varnish, Wafer, Washer,
Weights, Whips, Whitehorn, Wigs, Wire, Yarn, Yoke, Harness,
Hames, Reins, Sulkey, Surrey, Coltrider, Heldcbridle.
Money.— ?\xxse. Money, Cash, Dollar, Milldollar, Penny, Thick-
penny, Shilling, Dimes, Nickles, Pence.
Color. — Colour, Black, White, Gray, Green, Brown, Red, Ruby,
Pink, Purple, Seagray, Nile, Orange, Tan, Olive, Lavender, Car-
mine, Blue, Scarlet.
Objects of nature or features of landscape. — Mountain, Tallhill,
Widedale, Lakes, Meadows, Parks, Pastures, Rivers, Woodsides,
Roads, Bridges, Bogs, Forest, Chestnutwood, Hazelgrove, Wood-
SURNAMES OF THE WHITE POPULATIOX IN 1790.
113
The most .significant fact which appears in the preced-
ing table is the largo proportion of the total number of
names which is formed by names represented bv one
family only, and the rapid decrease as the groups in-
clude more frequent occurrence of names. For exam-
ple, of the names which appear between 1,000 and
1,500 times — in other words, are represented by that
number of families — there arc but 10; while, in the
higliest class, but 2 names are represented by 3,000 or i
more families. |
Table 42.— NUMBER OF NAMES REPORTED FOR WHITE
OP FAMILIES RECORDED UNDER
It is important to remember that a comparatively
small part of the total number of surnames in the United
States in 1700 includes practicallytheentirc white popu-
lation. Eleven thou.sand nine hundred and thirty-four
names represent but one-half of 1 per cent of the white
population, hence the 99.5 percent were represented by
15,403 surnames.
The number of times surnames appear in the various
states and their classification into groups, acconling to
frequency of occurrence, is shown in the following table :
FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE NTMBER
SUCH NAMES, BY STATES: 1790.
NUMBER or WtllTE FAMILIES.
United
States.
Maine.
New
Hamp-
shire.
Ver-
mont.
Massa-
chusetts.
Rhode
Island.
Connect-
icut.
New
York.
Pennsyl-
vania.
lai^.
Vir-
ginia.
North
Carolina.
South
Carolina.
Total
27.337
2.640
2 .=KR
2.469
4,452
1.396
3,412
7.4«2
13,383
6.777
5,»1
1
11.934
3. 009
3.2:k
3,10o
2,564
1.244
744
511
154
84
53
12
19
6
8
1,052
3r,2
373
398
312
107
30
6
917
325
3.W
404
337
1«
09
16
2
1
928
.345
352
420
315
81
25
2
1
1,041
631!
487
563
5.W
347
220
77
21
G
2
1
578
191
175
187
147
76
35
7
1,363
389
xn
426
435
233
152
49
6
3,239
973
891
732
477
166
59
13
1
1
2,038
838
788
802
597
189
73
24
3
2
1
2,096
1,025
978
928
729
252
105
51
6
1
1
1
2,613
825
757
635
391
117
2.
989
890
931
731
324
130
39
6
2
1
1,984
1,844
1,457
905
311
151
49
13
5
1
3 to 4
5 to y
10 to 24
25 to 49
SO to99 . .
40
100 to 199
10
200 to 299
2
300 to 399
1
400 to 499
1
S00to749
750 to 999
1
2
1,000 to 1.4y9
1
1.500 to 1.999
2,000 and over
land, Woodyfiold, Wildernos.i, Fountain, Middlebrook, Marsh, Pool,
Pond, Gully, Ditch, Farm, Tatcrfield, Bars, Garden, Grass, Lons-
wall, Tanyard, Market, Maypole, Lowbridge, Drawbridge, Wood-
endyke, Saltmarsh, Oysterbanks, Sharpstone, Redstone, Mud, Soot,
Smoke, Blaze, Fires, Sparks.
Trees. — Maples, Oaks, Greenoak, Chestnut, Walnut, Pine, Bay,
Willow, Tumbletree, Redwood, Roots, Sap, Acorn.
Plants and Jlowem. — Plants, Weeds, \'in('s, Shrill), Mallow, Prim-
rose, Calls, Ivy, Pinks, Parsley, Marjoram, Wormwood, Fennel,
Caraway, Bramble, Brier, Thistle, Bamthistle, Toadvine, Rag-
bush, Clover, Seeds, Pollen.
Fruits. — Fruit, Apple, Pippin, Currant.s, Cherry, Blackhoart,
Grapes, Lemons, Peach, Plum, Quince, Pears, Limes, Berry, May-
berry, Appleberry, Bilberry, Touchberr>-, Thornberry, Dewberry,
Fortuneberrv, Flyberry, Iluckelberry, Rasberry, Winterberry,
Wineberry, llottenberry.
Nuts. — Nut, Chestnut, Walnut, Ilickrynut.
Tfearter.— Weathers, Dry, Damp, Pleasant, Dismal, Sprinkle,
Shower, Rains, Storms, Gales, Simoon, Hail, Slush, Freeze, Bliz-
zard, Coldair.
Beasts.— lloTBC, Hoss, Hossies, Colts, Trotter, Mules, Kicks, Ox,
Bulls, Cows, Heifer, Redheifer, Calf, Middlecalf, Goat,s, Sheep,
Lamb, Cats, Leathercat, Mout<er, Pup, Shoat, Squirrel, Beavers,
Mink, Coons, Seals, Scalion, Bear, Bruin, Cub, Leopard, Tiger,
Moase, Lions, Panther, Flippers, Claws, Hoofs, Horns, Tails,
Clatter, Canter, Gallop.
BiVrfs.— Eagle, Canary, Lark, Woodpicker, Parrot, Peacock,
Raven, Sparrow, Starling, Skyhawk, Stork, Swan, Buzzard, Crows,
Snipes, Robins, Hawks, Pheasants, Rocks, Fowls, Chick, Bantam,
Gosling, Geese, Pigeon, Dove, Birdsong, Birdwhistle.
Insects and creeping creatures. — Ant, Beetle, Fly, Bees, Hornet,
Roach, Locust, Snails, Grubs, Maggot, Worm, Snake, Turtle, P>og.
THE OCEAN AND MARITIME SUBJECT.*.
Seas, Billows, Bays, Breeze, Ship, Sloop, Barge, Bigraft, Ancher,
Shoals, Sails, Bunks, Commodore, Mariner, Shipboy, Swab.
WAR.
War, Battle, Campaign, Fight, Fightmaster, Cannon, Boom,Gun.s,
Trigger, Shot^j, Pistol, Shoots, Swords, Banner, Bugle, Bugler, Fort,
Officer, Booty, Treason, Prison.
DEATH .\Nn VIOLENCE.
Death, Deadman, Hearse, Vaults, Tombs, Moregraves, Duel,
Murder, Demon, Ghost, Mummy.
Months, Weeks, Shortday, Nights, Hour, Winter, Midwinter,
August, Yesterday, Tewday, Allday, Alwavs, Friday, Sunday,
Monday, Lunch, Supper, Goodnight, Clock, Bells, Christma-s, Easter.
UNUSUAL COMBINATIONS OF COMMON NOUNS.
Becrstickcr, Cathole, Churning, Clampit, Clapsaddle, Clinkscalee,
Cockledress, ColdHesh, Crackbone, Drips, Flybaker, Fryover, Galli-
vant, Getstrap, G(X)dbit, Goosehorn, Gravtracks, ILigniire, Honey-
comb, Uungerpealer, Huntsucker, Icebra.»s, I.iptrot, Livergafl,
Lookinbill, Milksack, Moonshine, Partneck, Potkerpine, Reed-
hovel, Scoot, Shamback, Sharpneck, Silvemail, Slappy, Spits-
noggle, Splitstone, Slophell, Strad<lle, Sunlighler, Svdebottom,
Sydersticker, Tallowback, Threewits, Trueluck, Wallllour, Willi-
bother, Witchwagon.
STRIKING OR LUDICROUS COMBINATIONS OF CHUISTIAN NAMES AND
SURNAMES.
Joseph Came, Peter Wentup, Joseph Scolds. John Sat, Thomas
Simmers, John Smothers, Sarah Simpers, Ruth Shaves, Barbary
Staggers, William Sorrows, Joseph Ro<leback, Christy Forgot,
Agreen Crabtree, Christian Bonnet, Truelovo Sparks, Snow Frost,
Preserved Taft, Wanton Bump, Adam Hatmakor, Darling White-
man, Mourning Chestnut, River Jordan, Moses Rainwater, Chri.-tian
Shelf, Sermon CotUn, Boston Frog, Jedediah Brickhouse, Jemima
Crysick, Bachelor Chance, Su.-yinnah li.Mits, Britain Spelling,
History Gott, Anguish Lemmon, Thomas Gabiale, Inily Bai helor,
Web Ashbean, Booze Still, Over Jordan, Thomas Purifv, Constant
Gallnerk, Pleasant Basket, Hannah Petticoat, Balaam Bell, Abra-
ham Bokav, Cullip Hoof, Comlort Clock, Jonah Hatchet, Noble
Gun, Hardy Baptist, Sillah Jester, Jacob Worm, Hannah Cheese,
Henry Caihco, Abraham Singhoree, Sharp Blount, Mercy Pepper.
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
114
Of the total number of surnames reported in the
United States, almost exactly half were returned for
Pennsylvania. This was nearly double the number
returned for any other state— probably because of the
large proportion of Germans composing the popula-
tion of that state. It is clear that the occurrence of
more than one nationality as an element of popula-
tion tends to increase greatly the number of surnames.
In general, the number of surnames was smallest in
the New England states, where the proportion of
British stock was greatest. In South Carolina, with
a popuhition no larger than that of Mame, the number
of surnames was more than double the number report-
ed upon the Maine schedules. In all the states the
number of surnames occurring but once — that is, as
represented by but 1 family— was very much greater
than the occurrence of surnames represented by even
Table 43.-NUMBER OF NAMES REPORTED FOR WHITE FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER
OF W^ITE PERSONS IN ALL HOUSEHOLDS RECORDED UNDER SUCH NAMES, BY STATES: 1790.
two families. In New England the number of single
surnames was almost exactly three times as great
in each state as the number represented by 2 fami-
lies. In the other states a slightly smaller propor-
tion appeared, except in the case of Virginia and
North Carolina. In but 4 states — Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina — did
any surname occur more than 500 times. The
names so represented were Brown and Smith in Mas-
sachusetts; Smith in Connecticut; Smith and Wil-
liams in Pennsylvania; and Smith and Jones in North
Carolina. But 1 surname occurred more than 1,000
times in any one state — the name of Smith in Massa-
chusetts.
When analysis is made of the number of persons
comprising the families shown in the previous table,
the following results appear:
NUMBER OF WHITE PERSOXS.
United
States.
Maine.
New
Hamp-
shire.
Vermont.
Massa-
chusetts.
Bhode
Island.
Connect-
icut.
New
York.
Pennsyl-
vania.
Mary-
land.
Virginia.
North
Carolina.
South
Carolina.
Total
27,337
2,640
2,588
2,469
4.452
1.396
3,412
7,462
13,383
6.552
5,355
6,777
5.391
1
710
11,727
9,162
2,055
1,463
639
343
220
354
187
197
95
97
37
16
19
8
6
2
81
1,045
1,012
261
162
47
15
9
6
1
1
40
890
1,008
276
201
94
34
14
20
7
2
1
1
27
932
1,051
267
137
30
17
4
2
1
1
62
1,685
1,399
450
358
185
106
05
74
26
26
9
5
1
IS
595
495
117
92
38
25
5
5
3
3
69
1,292
1,074
365
310
114
78
39
51
19
7
2
i
106
3,419
2,486
674
447
164
69
36
34
15
9
301
6,585
4,928
779
463
114
81
43
50
12
17
4
4
155
3.202
2,408
448
203
78
27
12
9
5
5
200
2.029
2,173
520
271
70
38
14
22
10
5
2
1
389
2,656
2,608
571
316
lOO
52
19
35
17
7
2
4
1
189
2to9
2,570
10 to 49 ...
2,043
50 to<*9
335
IfiO
200 to 299
47
300 to ;i99 -.
22
400 to 499
8
500 to 749
10
750 to 999
3
l.OOOto 1.499
3
2 000 to 2 't99
3
1
3 000 to 3 99<)
1
2
5,000 to 7,499
1
7.500 to 9.999
10.000 to 14.999. ..
1
While the number of names represented by 1 family
is exceedingly large, the number of names represented
by only 1 person is very small. In all the states,
the proportion of surnames represented by from 2 to
50 persons includes the greater number; in Penn-
sylvania, for example, all but 1,870 names out of
13,38.3 were represented by from 2 to 50 people. Such
an analysis brings out the fact of the very wide distri-
bution of names, and the small number of persons
appearing under a surname in any one state.
Table 44 shows that the average number of per-
sons per name for the area covered was between 90
and 100, while the proportion varied in the different
states from 25 to S3. It is a significant fact, suggested
both by this table and by Table 43 that Massachu-
setts, the population of which was almost exclusively
of British extraction, closely followed by most of the
New England states, reports the highest proportion
of families per name and consequently of persons per
name. Table 44 reflects, in general, the tendency of
the homogeneous population to show a smaller pro-
portion of surnames to population than does a mixed
population, such as that of Pennsylvania and South
Carolina.
Table 44. — Average number of white families per name, and average
number of white persons per name and family, by states: 1790.
Num-
ber of
names.
Number
of
families.
Number
of
persons.
AVERAGE NTJMBER OF—
STATE.
Fam-
Uies
per
name.
Persons—
Per
name.
Per
family.
United states
27. .137
443,726
2,505,371
16.2
91.6
5.6
2.040
2,588
2,469
4,452
1,396
3,412
7, 402
13.383
6,562
5,355
6.777
5,381
16,972
23,982
14,969
65, 149
10,854
40,457
54,190
73,323
32,012
38,245
48,021
25,552
95,334
140, 479
84.772
371,770
64,988
232,641
308,404
419,917
179.283
203,502
265,006
139,275
6.4
9.3
6.1
14.6
7.8
11.9
7.3
5.5
4.9
7.1
7.1
4.7
36.1
54.3
34.3
83.5
46.6
68.2
41.3
31.4
27.3
38.0
39.1
25.9
5.6
5.9
5.7
Massachusetts
5.7
6.0
5.8
New York . .
6.7
5.7
Maryland
Virginia
5.6
5.3
5.5
South Carolina
5.5
SURNAMES OF THE WHITE POPULATION IN 1790.
115
In Table 111, which appears upon page 227, will be
found a list of 3,6G1 names, comprising all those rep-
resenteti by at least 100 white persons. These names
have been correlated, and the total number of families
bearing such names in the United States and in each
of the several states (in 1790) is shown, with the ap-
proximate number of persons comprised in such
families. Reference has already been made to the
dissimilarity between the number of surnames in the
United States at the period of the First Census and
the number of persons represented by names. The
tendency of the ])opulation at that period to group
under surnames of frequent occurrence is imlicated by
the fact that 11,934 names represent less than 1 per
cent of the white population; 11,742 represented 15.7
per cent and the remaining 3,661 names specified in
Table 111 represented 83.8 percent.
The total number of names comprised in this table
approximates 13 per cent of the entire number of
names recorded upon the schedules for the area cov-
ered, and eight-tenths of 1 per cent of all the families
in the same area.
A conclusion to be drawn from this analysis is that
at the beginning of Constitutional Government approx-
imately 800 surnames — practically all of which were of
English or British origin — contributed about one-third
of the entire population of the United States, while
all the remaining population was distributed among
a great variety of surnames, 38 per cent of which were
represented by one family only.
The number of heads of families with approximate
total number of persons, uniler a few of the names of
more frequent occiurence, were:
NAU.
Number of
tamiUea.
Toul
penons.
Smith i
6.«S2
3.368
2,575
2,sei
3,046
2,242
2,283
2,225
1,765
3S,24S
1»,17S
14,300
14,300
14,004
13,766
ItrowD
Davis
Jones
Clark
Williams
12,717
Miller
12, 6M
Wilson
»,7»7
These 9 names represented about 4 per cent of the
total white population in 1790.
The absence of middle names or initials from the
schedules of the First Census is so noticeable as to
suggest the practical growth of this custom after the
beginning of the nineteenth century. The carelessness
of enumerators might, in many instances, explain the
failure to include middle muues or initials u|)on some
of the schedules, but defects of enumeration in this
particular would not be so general as to result in almost
complete absence of such names. Upon a document
of such momentous importance as the Declaration of
Independence, signed by the most distinguished men
of the period, complete signatures were of course to
be expected; yet it will be remembered that upon this
document appear the names of but 3 persons having
middle names — Robert Treat Paine, Richard Henry
Lee, and Francis Light foot Lee.
It would be of the utmost interest to compare sta-
tistics of surnames at the Twelfth Census with those
here presented for the First, but no such information
is available. Meager as are the statistical data yielded
by the First Census, it is probable that it will long
stand as the only census for which statistics of no-
menclature exist.
XI NATIONALITY AS INDICATED BY NAMES OF HEADS OF
FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS.
NATIONALITY IN STATES FOR WHICH SCHEDULES EXIST— IN THOSE
FOR WHICH SCHEDULES ARE MISSING— COMPOSITION OF POPULATION
OF T'iTICAL COUNTIES IN 1900— SLAVEHOLDLNG BY NATIONALITY.
In modern census taking nationality is determined
by the response of the individual to the question con-
cerning place of birth or the place of birth of parents.
Such a classification is obviously impossible in con-
nection with the First Census : as the only means of
determining the nationalities of whole families at that
census is by inspection of the names of the heads of
families as they appear upon the existing schedules.
If this be remembered, so that no confusion shall
arise through an attempt to force comparisons, the
results attained from inspection of the First Census
schedules present a very interesting and doubtless
a reasonably accurate analysis of the nationality of
the population at the time. Such classification,
however, is obviously in the nature of an indication
of blood, or what maybe termed nationalit}' strain,
since it takes no account of the actual place of birth
or parentage of the individual, or of the length of
time which the bearers of the name may have been
absent from the mother country. The ancestors of
the bearer of an Irish or Dutch name may have
arrived in the first shipload of immigrants who
landed on the shores of Virginia, Manhattan, or New
England, so that at the time of the First Census the
descendant enumerated possessed few or none of the
characteristics of the nationahty indicated. On the
other hand, the individual may have arrived in the
United States alone or with his family but a few weeks
prior to the enumeration. I
Emphasis is laid upon the above facts in order that
no misunderstanding may arise concerning the analy-
sis of nationality here presented. While, therefore, it
can not be regarded as possessing the least value from
the standpoint of modern classification by place of
birth, such an analysis, especially for the period under
consideration, possesses great value as indicating the
proportions contributed by the different nationalities,
to the population at the time the First Census was
taken. M
Table 45.— PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF THE WHITE POPULATION OF EACH STATE ACCORDING TO NATIONALITY
AS INDICATED BY NAMES OF HEADS OF FAMILIES: 1790.
AREA COVEKED.
MAINE.
NEW HAMPSmBE.
VERMONT.
MASSACHUSETTS.
RHODE ISLAND.
CONNECTICUT.
NAME.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number.
Per
cent.
All nationalities
2,810,248
100.0
96,107
100.0
141,112
100.0
85,072
100.0
373, 187
100.0
64,670
100.0
232,236
100 0
2,345,844
188,589
44,273
56,623
13,384
156, 457
1,243
3,835
83.5
6.7
1.6
2.0
0.5
5.6
0)
0.1
89,515
4.154
1,334
279
115
436
44
230
93.1
4.3
1.4
0.3
0.1
0.5
^^.2
132.726
6.648
1,346
153
142
94.1
4.7
1.0
0.1
0.1
81,149
2,562
597
428
153
35
95.4
3.0
0.7
0.5
0.2
(')
354,528
13,'435
3,732
373
746
75
67
231
95.0
3.6
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
62.079
1,976
459
19
88
33
9
7
96.0
3.1
0.7
(■)
0.1
0.1
223,437
6,425
1,589
258
512
4
5
6
Irish
0.7
0.1
a2
Dutch
German
Hebrew
(1»
All other
97
0.1
148
0.2
),(
NATIONALITY AS INDICATED BY
NEW YORK.
PENNSYLVANU.
KkTlTUiSD.
VtRGINIA.s
NORTH CAROLINA.
SOUTH CAROUNA.
NAME.
Number.
Percent. Number.
Per cent.
Number.
Per cent.
Number.
Percent.
Number.
Per cent.
Number.
Percent
All nationalities
314,366
100.0 423,373
100.0
208,649
100.0
442,117
100.0
289, 181
100.0
140,178
100.0
English
245,901
10,034
2,525
50,600
2,424
1, 103
385
1.394
59.0
11.7
2.0
0.6
0.6
26.1
175,265
13,562
5,008
209
1,400
12,310
626
84.0
6.5
2.4
0.1
0.7
5.9
0.3
0.1
375,799
31,391
8,842
884
2,653
21,664
85.0
7.1
2.0
0.2
0.6
4.9
240, 309
32,388
6,651
578
868
8,097
1
82.4
11.7
2.6
0.2
1.3
1.7
0.1
Scotch
3.2
0.8
16.1
0.8
0.4
0.1
0 ^
49,567
8,614
2,623
2.341
110,357
21
11.2
2.3
0.2
0.3
2.8
(')
16, 447
3.576
219
1,882
2,343
85
Irish
Dutch
French
Gentian.
Hebrew
.\Il other
•;
'"'
■ ■i
2»»
u. 1
(116)
1 Less thau onc-teuth uf 1 per cent.
3 Source of data explained on pafje 119.
r
I
NATIONALITY.
117
The analysis by nationality as shown by names in-
dicates that the English stock composed 83.5 percent
of all the white population at the period of the First
Census, and if the Scotch and the Irish be added, the
British stock represented a little more than 90 per
cent; while the Germans contributed slightly loss than
6 per cent, and the Dutch 2 per cent. This fact is not
surprising; the colonies had been under English rule
for more than a century, the lust to submit being the
Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, from which New
York and New Jersey were created in 1064.
Vu-ginia, settled by the British in 1609, had at the
First Census but 6 per cent non-English population,
and of these 5 per cent were what are known as "Valley
Dutch," that is, Germans who had migrated through
Maryland from Pennsylvania.
New England was almost as English as old England,
the lowest proportion (93.1) being in Maine and the
highest (96.2) in Rhode Island.
M'ere it feasible to make an analysis of the popula-
tion of the Southern states in 1900 similar to that made
from the schedules of the First Census, it is probable
that little change would be noted from the proportions
shown in 1790. In that section there has been a
noteworthy preservation of the purity of the stock
enumerated m 1790, contra.sted with the extraordinary
change in the composition of the jxjpulation which
has taken place in the remainder of the nation.
Diagram lO.-PROPORTION OF TOTAL POPULATION FORMED BY EACH NATIONALITY: 1790.
Table 46 — PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF THE WHITE POPULATION OF EACH NATIONALITY AS INDirATIT
N.\MES OF HEADS OF F.VMILIES, ACCORDING TO STATE OF RESIDENCE: 1790.
' IIY
STATE.
ALL NATIOMAU-
TIE3.
ENGUSB.
SCOTCH.
IRISH.
DOTCn.
nUENCH.
OEKIIAK.
BBBUW.
ALL OTBSB.
Number.
Per
cent.
Number
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
l«r.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent.
Area covered..
2.810.248
loao
2.345.844
100.0
188.589
100.0
44.273
loao
66.(!23
loao
ia384
loao
156.457
>35
ao"
97
148
231
7
«
1,304
l»4
209
884
289
146
loao
Maine
96.107
141.112
85.072
373. 187
64.670
232,236
314. 3G6
423.373
208.649
442.117
289.181
140. 178
a4
5.0
ao
las
2.3
&3
11.2
15.1
7.4
15.7
ia3
5.0
89. M5
132.726
81,149
334,528
62,079
223.437
245.901
249,656
175.265
375.799
240.309
115,480
as
5.7
as
15.1
2.6
9..i
10. 5
ia6
7.5
16.0
10 2
4.9
4.154
6.048
2.562
13,435
1.976
6.425
io.o:m
49,567
13.562
31,391
32,388
16,447
2.2
as
1.4
7.1
1.0
a4
5.3
26.3
7.2
1&6
17.2
8.7
1.334
1.346
597
3,732
459
1.589
2. .525
8.614
5,008
8.842
6.651
3.576
ao
ao
1.3
8.4
1.0
a6
5.7
las
11.3
2ao
15.0
&1
279
1.13
428
373
19
2.Vt
50.600
2.623
209
884
578
219
a5
a3
as
0.7
0)
OS
89.4
4.6
a4
1.6
1.0
a4
US
142
153
746
88
512
2.424
2,341
1,460
2,653
868
1,882
a9
1.1
l.l
S.6
a7
a8
18.1
17.5
lag
19.8
6.5
14.1
436
a;i
44
i.i
a.0
New Ham|»tiire
Zi
3S
75
33
4
1.103
110,357
12.310
21.W>4
8.097
2,343
{:^
a7
7a s
7.9
las
5.3
1.5
as
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
87
9
6
385
21
036
5.4
a7
a4
31.0
1.7
sa4
&0
aa
3a.3
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Virpnia'
North Carolina
South Carolina
S.4
2ai
1
85
ai
e.8
7.5
as
> Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
76292—09 9
> Source o( data explained on page 119.
Diagram 1
1,-DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION OF STATES ACCORDING TO NATIONALITY: 1790.
MAINE
NEW HAMPSHIRE
VERMONT
MASSACHUSETTS
RHODE ISLAND
CONNECTICUT
NEW YORK
PENNSYLVANIA
MARYLAND
VIRGINIA
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
NATIONALITY
119
NATIONALITY IN THE STATES AND TERRITORIES FOR
WHICH SCHEDULES ARE MISSING.
Reference has already been made to the fact that
analysis of nationality at the Plrst Census is necessarily
limited to the sciiedules which are still in existence. In
the case of Virtjinia, proportions of the population rep-
resented by the dillerent nationalities were obtained
by utilizing the returns of the state enumerations
made in 17.82 to 17S5 (covcrin<r .38 counties), and
applying the results thus obtamed to the population
of the entire state as returned at the census of 1790.
For Delaware the schedules of the Second Census are
available. As there was but httle change in the total
population of the state, or its composition, during
the decade, the percentages shown at the Second
Census doubtless reflect accuratel}- the nationalitj' of
the population of the state reported ten years earlier.
This analysis shows the following result:
Nalionalilies of the population of Delaware, on the basis of the 1800
proportions: 1790.
NATIONAUTY.
Proportion
shown from
schedules
oflSOO.
Distribution
of population
in 1790 on the
1800 propor-
tions.
All nationalities
loao
46,310
British . ..
97.7
8&3
7.5
3.9
1.0
as
0.4
a4
45.245
Enclish
33,966
Scotch
3.473
Irish
1,806
Dutch
4G3
Frpnrh
232
Qerman
185
Another
185
holding citizens of the county, embracing more than
two-thirds of the entire number of iieails of families as
reported at the First Census. This analysis sliowetl
the following result:
Nationalities of the population of Somerset county, A. J. as indicated
by the surnames of freeholders: 1790.
The earliest schedules for the state oi New Jersej'^
which arc in existence are those for theTifth Census
(lS30),whic]i was so far distant from 1700 that the later
census obviously could not bo regarded as reflecting
conditions which prevailed in 1790. With the assist-
ance of the Historical Society of New Jersey, a list of
the freeholders of Somerset count}' in the year 1790
was secured, and an analysis was made of these names —
obviously those of all of the representative or propert}'
TOWN.
Total.
Eng-
lish.
Scotch.
Iri^l..
llUU'il.
l-C.UM
iiun.
All
other.
The county
Percent...
1,277
100.0
755
59.1
66
5.1
12
0.9
383
30.0
24
l.«
7
0.5
31
2.4
Bernards town
307
139
271
187
216
157
243
96
170
71
92
83
34
8
8
6
2
7
5
2
5
22
28
57
102
108
66
3
3
9
3
6
iJedmiii.sU'r town
Hridgi'wat4r town...
ICastirn town
HillsborouKh town...
Western town
2
5
i
8
1
If it were an assured fact that Somerset county was
representative in the composition of its population, it
is obvious that the percentages here shown might,
' with some propriety, be ap{)licd to the remaining 12
counties. Unfortunately' this method of procedure is
not feasible. The composition of the population by
nationality varied greatly in the counties of New Jersey.
The proportion shown in Somerset is therefore no
I guide to the proportions which actually existed
I elsewhere.
I An analysis of the population of the various counties
[ of New Jersey has been furnished, at the request of the
Director of the Census, by Mr. William Nelson, cor-
responding secretary of the New Jersey Historical
' Society, after consultation with Dr. Austin Scott, of
New Brunswick, N. J., and Dr. E. S. Sharpe. presi-
dent of the Salem County Historical Society.' Such an
I analj'sis is necessarily merely an approximation, but it
represents the painstaking estimates of the leading
authorities in the state upon New Jersey history, and
the figures resulting from an ap])lication of the per-
centages to the poi)ulation of the state in 1790 are
doubtless sufficiently accurate to indicate the distribu-
tion by nationalit)-. Upon the basis of tlus analysis
the following tables result:
^ Bergen.— Thia county waa originally settled l)y Dutch, wilh a very email admixture of Dane.i. Prior to 1680 there was a slronp
infusion of French settlers from Harlem. There was at no time any independent immigration from Krancc. Some of the families havinp
Dutch name?, as the "Van Biiskirks," were of German origin, and for more than a century were almost exclusively conne<led with the
German Lutheran Church. As early as 1700 there was a considerable infusion of German jiopulation from New York cily and from fJerman
Bettlemenis north of New Jersey. About 1765 there was a considerable importation of German miners, principally from Uavaria, who set lied
in the upper part of the county, working in the iron mines of Hergen county and Morris county. There were Scotch settlers also at a very
eariy period, say 1725 and later, who perhaps worked in the Dutch flax industry, and through afTiliations with or acquaintance with Dutch
settlers came to this country. I would say that in 1790 the population waa about as follows: French, 15 per cent; Germans, 20 per cent;
Scotch, 5 percent; Irish (principally in liie iron mines), 5 percent; English, 15 percent; Dutch, -10 percent. . , ,
Bur/uij/on.— This county was almost exclusively settled from England, or by English capitalists, who, however, induced some settle-
ment from the Friends of Ireland; also Friends from Wales. There was a small admixture of Swedes, who had previously seulc<l in the
Bouthem part of the state. I would approximate the percentages of nationality in 1790 as follows: Welsh, o per cent; Swedes, o per
cent; Irish, 10 per cent, English, 80 per cent. ,t^i-i., i tijj
Cape May —This county waa originally settled by Swedes and Finns, but soon there waa an influx of English from Long Island and
New England. In 1790 the percentages of nationality were as follows: Swedes, 40 per cent; Finns 10 per cent; English, 50 percent.
Cumberland.— This county waa principally settled by the English from Long Island, New England, and the mother counln- with a
Blight admixture of Finns, ih 1790 the percentages of nationality were as follows: Swedes, 10 per cent; Finn.s, 2 per cent; Welsh, 3 per
cent; Germans (employed in the iron works and gla.«« works), 10 per cent; Irish (employed in the iron works and glass works), 10 per cent;
°^£jsea;.— ^his*county waa originally settled from New England and Long Island and was exclusively English. By 1790 a congiderable
120 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Estimated per cent of the population of New Jersey contributed hy specified nationalities: 1790.
COUNTY.
English
and
Welsh.
Scotch.
Irish.
Dutch.
French.
German.
Hebrew.
Swedish
and
Finnish.
All other.
58.0
7.7
7.1
12.7
2.1
9.2
2.9
0.1
The State
Bereen
Burlington
15.0
85.0
50.0
68. 0
60.0
80.0
30.0
38.0
75.0
55.0
83.0
59.1
55.0
5.0
6.0
10.0
40.0
15.0
20.0
5.'6"
60.0
Cumberland
Essei
Gloucester
Hunterdon
io.'o'
i6.'6'
10.0
10.0
5.0
10.0
4.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
0.9
5.0
15. 0'
25.'6"
5.'6'
io.o
6.0
25.0
2.0
2.0
20.0
12.0
10.0
Mlddlese.x
Monmouth
15.0
5.0
10.0
3.0
Morris
7.0
5.1
5.0
30.0
15.0
1.9
0.5
20.0
2.4
Total number of persons in families in New Jersey of which the names of heads indicate specified nationality, com-
puted upon the basis of estimMed proportions in 1790.
COUNTY.
Total.
English
and
Welsh.
Scotch.
Irish.
Dutch.
French.
German.
Hebrew.
Swedish
and
Finnish.
AH other.
The State
169,954
98,620
13,156
12,099
21,581
3,665
15,678
5,006
249
Bergen - —
Burlington
10.108
17.270
2,416
7.990
16,454
12.830
18,661
14.498
14,969
15.532
9.891
10,339
18,996
1,516
14,679
1,208
5,433
9,873
10,264
6,599
&,(■■<»
11,227
8,543
8,210
6,111
10,448
606
505
1,727
4,043
1,516
2,022
864
1,208
959
Cumberland
799
1,646
642
1,866
580
749
1,553
989
94
950
799
1,645
2,468
823
Gloucester
641
4.666
290
299
3,106
1,283
i,866
4,639
2,245
777
4.665
2,900
Middlesex
Monmouth
680
449
1,553
692
628
950
3.103
2,849
197
57
3,799
249
The estimates referred to place the percentage of
Dutch in the total population of New Jersey higher
than actually existed in 1790 anywhere else in the
United States, even in New York. This, however, does
not discredit the estimate as New Jersey was part of
the early Dutch settlement.
immigration of other nationalities had set in, and in that year the population was approximately as follows: French, 5 per cent; Scotch,
10 per cent; Irish, 10 per cent; Dutch, 15 per cent; English, 60 per cent.
Gloucester. — This county was settled originally by the Swedes. Afterwards there was an infiux, principally of English, with some
slight admixture of Welsh. In 1790 the population was approximately as follows: Swedes, 10 per cent; Welsh, 5 per cent; Germans, 5
per cent; Irish, 5 per cent; English, 75 per cent.
Hunterdon. — This county was originally settled by English from Burlington county. About 1715 there was a considerable immigra-
tion of Germans, who came from the ralatinate and elsewhere in Germany, being rnembers of the Lutheran Church. There was also a
considerable immigration from northern New Jersey, principally Bergen county, and also from Monmouth and Somerset counties, and
from Long Island. In 1790 the population was approximately as follows: Gernians, 25 percent; Dutch, 25 per cent; Irish (working in
the mines and on farms), 10 per cent; Scotch, 10 per cent; English, 30 per cent.
J/idrfZcscx.— This county was settled originally by the English. About 1685 there was a considerable importation of Scotch. About
1690-1730, the Dutch came in. In 1790 the population was made up about as follows: Dutch, 20 percent; Scotch, 20 per cent; Germans,
5 per cent; Irish, 5 per cent; French, 2 per cent; English, 48 per cent.
i/o?i»ioi///( .— This county was originally settled by the English, but before the end of the seventeenth century there was a considerable
influx of Dutch, principally from Long Island. Some of the Scotch settlers of Middlesex also drifted in. In 1790 the population was
approximately as follows: Scotch, 15 per cent; Irish, 5 per cent; French, 3 per cent; Germans, 2 per cent; English, 75 per cent.
Morris.— This county was settled early in the eighteenth century, say 1710-1720, by English and Germans in almost equal proportions.
Afterwards Dutch drifted in. About 1765 there was a further influx of German miners from Bavaria, and from then on Irish workmen were
attracted to the mines. In 1790 the population was approximately as follows: Irish, 10 per cent; Scotch, 5 per cent; Dutch, 10 per cent;
Germans, 20 per cent; English, 55 per cent.
Salem.— This county was originally settled, about 1675, by English, with a slight infusion from Ireland and Wales. There were also
Bome Swedes and Finns from the original settlers, about 1635. The population underwent very slight changes until 1790, when it stood
about as follows: Finns, 2 per cent ; Swedes, 5 per cent; Irish, 10 per cent; Welsh, 5 per cent; English, 78 per cent.
Somerset .—This, county was analyzed by the Census Office from the list of freeholders in 1790. I would have said that Somerset had:
Scotch, 10 per cent; Irish, 3 per cent; French, 2 per cent; Germans, 5 per cent.
-Smssct.— This county was originally settled early in the eighteenth century, or perhaps late in the seventeenth century, by Dutch
from New Y ork fftate. Then English settlers came in from Burlington and Hunterdon counties; also Germans from Hunterdon county;
about 1765 German miners from Bavana, and Irish laborers in the mines, with some slight infusion of Scotch also. In 1790, I should
say the population was about as follows: Irish, 5 per cent; Scotch, 5 per cent; Germans, 20 per cent; Dutch, 15 per cent; English, 55 per
cent.
WiLLi.\M Nelson.
NATIONALITY.
121
The composition of the white population of Georgia,
Kentucky, and of the district subsequently erected
into the state of Tennessee, is also unknown; but
in view of the fact that Georgia was a distinctly
English colony, and tliat Tennessee and Kentucky
were settled largely- from Virginia and North Carolina,
the application of the North Carolina proportions to
the white population of these three results in what is
doubtless an approximation of the actual distribution.
Utilizing for tlio states and territories for which
the 1790 schedules are missing, tiio proportions
secured as above indicated, the foUowuig summary
results:
Table 47.-C0MPUTED DISTRIBUTION OF THE WHITE POPULATION OF EACH STATE FOR WHICH SCHEDULES ARE
MISSING, ACCORDING TO NATIONALITY: 1790.
NEW JERSEY.
DELAWASI.
j CEOBQIA. KENTDCKY.
TCmiEanK.
Number. Percent.
Number.
Percent.
Number.
Per cent. ' Number. ' Per cent.
1 !
Nimiber. \ Percent.
166,064 1 100.0
46,310
IW.O
62,886
100. 0
61.133 1 ino n
1 !
English
98,620
13,166
12,099
21,681
3,566
15,678
6,266
68.0
7.7
7.1
12.7
2.1
9.2
3.1
39,966
3,473
1,S06
463
Ji2
115
185
M.3
7.6
3*
1.6
«.t
«.4
•.4
43,948
1 6,923
1,216
' 106
16*
1,481
63
83.1
11.2
2.3
0.2
6.3
2.1
•.1
1 60.802
1 6.S47
; 1,400
IK
113
1,712
61
0.2
0.3
2.8
0.1
Irish
;.<4
64
•6
8»4
32
2:3
0.2
0.3
2.8
0.1
Dutch
flflrman .
All Other'
' Includes Hebrew.
NATIONALITY OF TOTAL WIIITK POPUL.\TION IN 1790
AND OF WHITE NATIVE STOCK IX 1900.
The above figures maj" be accepted as representing
the actual proportions with sufficient accuracy to
justify computing the distribution by nationality for
the total white population of the United States as it
existed in 1790. The result is as follows:
Table 48. — Number and per cent distribution of the white popula-
tion according to nationality: 1790.
AXEA COVEKED.
Number.
Percent.
All natlonalitips
3,172,444
160.0
English
2,605,699
221,602
61,534
78,959
17,619
176,407
10, WH
82.1
Scotch
7.0
Irish
1.9
Dutch .
2.6
0.6
6.6
0.3
In a preceding cliaptor the number of descendants
of wliite persons enumerated at the First Census lias
been established as approximately 35,000,000 in 1900.
While it is not to be expected that tiie exact pro-
portions of nationalities indicated above as existing in
1790 have been maintained in the native population,
it is interesting to note tliat were the proportions
contributed by the different nationahties composing
the native population the same in 1900 as they were in
1790, tlie 3."),000,000 would have been distributed as
sho^vn in Table 49.
As a matter of fact it is probable that the native
populiilion in recording an increase of nearly 700 per
cent during the century has departed somewhat from
the proportions shown at the outset. It will be
remembered that the analysis ui a preceding chapter
showed the addition in 1900 of 32,000,000 of white
persons arriving after the First Census, either foreign
born tliemselves or of foreign parentage. It lias also
been pointed out that the foreign stock is probably
increasing with greater rapidity than tiie native.
Whatever the proportionate increa.se may be, liowever,
between the two elements, it is of these two rather
diverse strains that the white population of the
United States is at present composed.
Table 49. — While native stock in 1900 distribxued by nalionalily
according to proportions shown for 1790.
NATtONALnr.
Population.
All nationalities
35,000,000
English
28.735,000
2,460.000
Irish
665.000
Dutch
875,000
210,000
1,960,000
A U other
105,000
NATIONALITY IN 1000 I\ TYPICAL COUNTIES.
In order to illustrate tlie change which has been
in progress during the century, an analysis was made
by nationaUt}^ of the names upon the 1900 schedules
of Hartford county, Conn.,' and of Columbia county,
N. Y., which were regarded as typical urban and
rural counties, respectively. Bothremained practically
unchanged in boundary from 1790 to 1900. By apply-
ing the same method of analysis to the names upon
the schedules of the Twelfth Census as was apjilied to
those upon the schedules of 1790, and by which the
results presented in the preceding tables were secured,
the nationahty of the white population of the 2 coun-
ties mentioned was composed in 1900 as is shown in
Table 50:
' See page 123.
DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES IN 1790, BY STATES.
(V. x^
SCOTCH
r\
v^
\
j V
(^
~^4
'z^
3 V
) ,e
Y >
-^
/
LL
\
V
f\ J^'—^ GERiVlAN
/^
V^X^ V
/ V
\jnfi
:/W
uj!i
^
\j^ J _
/" /^
' ^ \r^
- jj
Q] LMS TH»» . «» CEHT ^JTO.OPMC£NT ^g . O TO 51 Pt» CENT g^ J6 TO 50 PEB CENT
I 50 PER CENT AND OVER
NATIONALrrV.
123
Table 50.-WHITE POPULATION OF HARTFORD COINTY, CO.N.N., AND OF rOLl'MBIA COrXTY \ Y CI ASSIFIFH
BY NATIONALITY AS INDICATED BY NAMES OF HEADS OF iSlUES iS^ AND 1900 ' "'^^'''"^^
NATIONAUTY.
All nationalities.
British
English.
Scotch . .
Irish....
Dutch
French
German . . ,
Another*.
> Principally French Canadian.
HAKTroBD COUNTY, COMN.
17S0
Population.
37,498
37,429
36,239
956
234
21
42
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
100.0
99.8
96.6
2.6
0.6
0.1
ai
(•)
1900
Population.
192,108
134,860
75,891
7,300
51,869
576
■6,532
23,4.37
28,703
Percent
distribu-
tion.
100.0
OOLVMBU OODNTT, K. T.
1790
Population
25,811
IMO
Percent
distrlbu- Population,
tlon.
41,779
70.2
39.4
3.8
27.0
0.3
3.4
12.2
13.9
20,847
20,183
521
143
4,710
118
102
34
I
80.8 I 29,852
78.2
2.0
0.6
182
0.5
0.4
0.1
22,998
1,337
5,517
2,642
762
7,196
1,337
Percent
distrlbu.
tlon.
71.4
65.0
3.2
13.2
6.3
1.8
17.2
3.2
•Includes Hungarians, Italians, Roumanians, Russians, Scandinavians, etc.
In Hartford county tlio population, wliich in 1790
was almost exclusively British, shows a reduction in
that respect of nearly one-third in 1900 in favor of
other nationalities: while within the British element
the English stock, which completely overshadowed
the other two elements in 1790 has shrunk to scarcelj^
more than one-third, but tlie Irish has greatly in-
creased. Indeed, the increase in the latter element
represents a change from not more than 500 in 1790
(including the Scotch-Irish) to more than 50,000 in
1900. It Ls worthy of note also that the British ele-
ment, which in 1790 was much greater in Hartford
county than in Columbia, has decreased to approxi-
mately 70 per cent in both; ami other changes, such
■ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
as the increase in German and other nationalities in
the community at the expense of the British element
as a whole, and increase in the Irish stock at the
expense of the English or original stock, have also
been characteristic of both counties.
The changes indicated in these 2 counties are in-
teresting, and probably are typical of the ciianges
which have been in progress in all the Northern states
in the original area.
SLAVEHOLDING, BY NATIONALITY.
The average number of slaves per family for the
several nationalities is shown in the following table:
Table 51 — NUMBER OF WIUTE FA.MILIES, SLAVEHOLDING AND NONSLAVEHOLDIXG, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO
NATIONALITY, WITH NUMBER OF WHITE PERSONS AND OF SLAVES REPORTED FOR SUCH FAMILIES: 1790.
WHITE
rAHIUES.
WHTTE PEKSONS.
SLATES.
NATIONAUTY.
Total
number.
Slave-
holding.
Konsla\-e-
bolding.
Per cent
slavehold-
Ing families
formed
of all
Total
number.
Average
number
per
family.
Total
number.
Average
number
slave-
holding
Number
per 100
of all
tamiUu.
All nationalities
405,475
47.064
357,311
11.8
2,324,339
5.7
311,919
6.6
77
English and Welsh
336,651
27,250
6.285
9,399
1,913
23,300
213
464
38,146
4,362
962
2,625
589
871
33
76
298,505
22.888
5,323
6,774
1,324
22,429
180
388
11.3
16.0
15 3
27.9 '
30.8
3.7
15.5
16.4
1,933.218
153.458
34.0S9
55.006
10.444
133.032
1,198
2,734
5.7
iO
65
69
65
6.7
66
5.9
258,684
27,570
6.578
8.906
6,567
3,079
157
378
as
6.3
6.8
3.4
U.l
3.6
4.8
S.0
77
Scotch
101
Irish .. . ...
105
Dutch
96
343
German ...
13
74
Another
81
It is necessary, in consulting the foregoing table, to
bear in mind the fact that in some instances the pro-
porlioas are misleading. It will be observed that the
average number of slaves por family are largest for
families of French origin. This is accounted for by
the fact that the total number of families of obviously
French origin in the United States was small, and
that a large proportion of such families were located
in South Carolina, the state in which the average
number of slaves per family was highest. It is not
surprising, therefore, that the French families led in
the proportion which slaveholding families formed
of total families — nearly one-third were slaveholders.
This nationality, lu)wevor, was closely followed by
124
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
the old Dutch famihes of New York, who still con-
tinued to possess slaves at the period under consider-
ation. It is significant that the smallest proportion
is sho^vn b}" the GermaiLs, who even at this early
period were obviously opposetl to slave ownership.
Had the proportion of slaves for the entire white
population of the United States in 1790 been the same
as it was for the German element, the aggregate num-
ber of slaves at the First Census would have been
but 52,520, instead of approximately 700,000.
XII. INTERSTATE MIGRATION.
ANALYSIS OF POPULATION ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHIC DIVI-
SION OF RESIDENCE AND OF BIRTH— DECREASE IN CONTRIBU-
TION OF ORIGINAL AREA TO POPULATION OF ADDED AREA.
Facilities for transportation to all parts of the
Union are so great that the inhabitants of one sec-
tion are able to migrate to another, even at great
distance, with comparatively small expenditure, in-
convenience, or delay. In consequence many per-
sons change their place of abode so freely that in
every state reside natives of practically every other
state of the Union.
Classification of the white population, by nativity
and parentage is possible only for 1890 and 1900; but
the returns, though covering only one decade, prove
of interest when further classified as for the area enu-
merated in 1790 and the added area. The following
summary analyzes the native white population of
native parentage in continental United States accord-
ing to areas of residence ami of birth :
NATIVE WHITE POPtJLATION OF NATIVE PAR-
ENTAGE BORN IN SPECIFIED AREA.
ABEA OF KESinENCE.
United
States.i
Area enu-
merated
In 1790.
State or
Added territory
area.i of bIrtb
unknown.
1S90
Continental United States. .
34.358,348
18,884,378 16,217,257
256,713
16,458.185
17,900,163
16,077,2l-.8
2,807,110
287.409
14,929,848
93.508
Added area
163,205
1900
Continental United States. .
40,949,362
21,037,083 19,772,003 140,270
Area enumerated In 1790
Added urea
18,926,020
22,023,342
18,435,940 1 440.927
2,601,1.43 1 19.331,070
49,153
91,123
1
> IncluciinK persons bom In Alaska, Hawaii, Philippine Islands, and Porto Rico;
persons born at sea under the United States Hag; and American cltliens lx)m
abroad.
The natives of the original area outnumbered those
of the added area by more than 3, .500, 000 persons in
1890, and by about 1,250,000 in 1900. The natives
of the two sections are thus tendmg toward equality
in numbers. Of greater significance is the change
apparently in progress in the number of persons born
in one area and resident in tlie other. The heavy
contribution of the original area to the population of
the added area decreased, while the much smaller
contribution of the added area to the original area
increased, and by approximately the same number as
the falling off shown by the original area.
It can not be assumed that the change here noted
as in progress in 1000, in comparison with similar
returns for 1S90, has lieen of long duration; the large
number of persons shown in 1900 as l)orn in the older
states and resident in the newer is tlie living aggregate
of the generous decennial contribution b}- the original
states to the upbuilding of innumerable communities
in the South and Southwest. This contribution must
have increa.sed, witli little interruption, for many years;
while, on tlie other hand, the number of persons bom
in the added area and resident in the original area
must have been almost negligible in number even so
late as 1.880. The rather significant change here indi-
cated prompts further anah'sis by geographic divi-
sions in Tables 52 and 53.
In 1890 approximatel}' one-tenth as many persons
born in the added area were resident in the area
enumerateti in 1790 as were born in the latter area
and resided in the former; by 1900 the ratio had
changed to approximately one-sixth, as a result of
marked increase (amounting to nearly one-half) in the
number of persons born in the added area and residing
in the original area. All of the 3 geographic divi-
sions of the added area contributed iiureasingly of
their native born to the population of the original area.
The change here shown is confirmed by an exami-
nation of the per cent distril)ution tif the residents of
each area according to birth|)lace. The proportion of
the native whites of native parentage born in each divi-
sion of the area enumerated in 1790 and living in each
division of the added area was less in 1900 than in lS!tO;
on the other hand, the proportion living in each divi-
sion of the area enumerated in 1790 and born in the
Northern states of the added area iiKTeased. and the
corresponding proportions for the Southern and West-
ern states of the added area either increased or re-
mained stationary.
In observing the percentages of int rease given below,
it should be remembered that the increase of popula-
tion born in the area of residence is natural increase,
while the only .source of increase of migrant population
is continued inimigraticm. The larger the number of
persons already in the class, the larger must be the loss
tlirough death aiul the consequent requirement for
new arrivals to make good the decrease thus occa-
sioned.
(125)
126
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
T.BT 5-' -NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OF NATIVE PARENTAGE LIVING IN SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS
■- ^- '"'}--..":.. ^ „ DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION OF BIRTH: 1890
OF THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790,
AND 1900.
NATIVE WHITE POPtlLATlON OF NATIVE PARENTAGE LIVING IN SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHIC
DIVISIONS OF THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790.
Number.
Per cent distribution.
GE0GR.U"I1IC DIVISION OF BIRTH.
Area
enumer-
ated in
1790.
New
England.
Middle
states.
Southern
states.
Area
enumer-
ated in
1790.
New
England.
Middle
states.
Southern
states.
1890
I'ulted States
16,364,677
2,422.429
6.508,486
7,433,762
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Continental Inited Stales
16,362,866
2,421,697
6.507,517
7,433.652
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
16,077,268
285,698
2,400,690
21,007
6,422,837
84,680
7,253,741
179,911
98. 2
1.7
99.1
0.9
98.7
1.3
97.6
Added area
2.4
211,295
67.409
6,894
1,811
17,299
1,720
1,988
732
76,285
5,110
3,285
969
117,711
60, 579
1,621
110
1.3
0.4
C)
0.7
0.1
0.1
1.2
0.1
0.1
(')
1.6
0.8
(')
(')
1900
United States
18,876,867
2.500,345 1 7,498,970
8,877,552
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Continental United States
18, 862, 177
2,493,559 | 7,491,938
8,876,680
99.9
99.7
99.9
100.0
18,435,940
426,237
2,460,114
33,445
7,347,966
143,972
8,627,860
248,820
97.7
2.3
98.4
1.3
98.0
1.9
97.2
Added area
2.8
313,784
98,822
13,631
14,690
27,474
2.464
3,507
6,786
128, 784
8.298
6.890
7,032
157, 526
88,060
3,234
872
1.7
0.5
0.1
0.1
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.8
1.0
C>)
(')
■ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
Table 53.— NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OF NATIVE PARENTAGE LIVING IN SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS
OF THE ADDED AREA WITHIN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHIC
DIVISION OF BIRTH: 1890 AND 1900.
NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OF NATIVE PARENTAGE LIVING IN SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS
OF THE ADDED AREA WITHIN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES.
Number.
Per cent distribution.
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIO.X OF BIRTH.
Added
area within
continental
United
States.
Northern
states.
Southern
states.
Western
states.
Added
area
within
conti-
nental
United
States.
Northern
states.
Southern
states.
Western
states.
1S90
United States... .
17,736,958
12,148,750
4,131,477
1,456,731
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Continental United States
17,733,492
12, 146, 159
4,131,309 1 1,456,024
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2,807,110
1,859,533
645,750
301,827
15.8
15.3
15.6
20.7
311,811
1,172,475
1,322,824
14,926,382
3,466
222, 608
998,878
638,047
10,286,626
2,591
11,287
31,518
602, 945
3,485,559
168
77,916
142,079
81,832
1,154,197
707
1.8
6.6
7.5
84.2
(>)
1.8
8.2
5.3
84.7
0)
0.3
0.8
14.6
84.4
5.3
Middle states
9.8
Southern states
5 6
79.2
Outlying districts
{')
1900
United States
21,932,219
14,094,381
5,840,231
1,997,607
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 0
Continental United States
21,914,451
14,082,591
5,839,063
1,992,797
99.9
99.9
100.0
99 8
Area enumerated in 1790
2,601,143
1,508,299
721,626
311,218
11.9
11.1
12.4
New England
245, 609
999,810
1,355,724
19,313,308
17,768
161,991
818, ass
587,623
12,514,292
11,790
10,411
35,864
675,351
5,117,437
1,168
73,207
145,261
92, 750
1,681,579
4,810
1.1
4.6
6.2
88.1
0.1
1.1
5.8
4.2
88.8
0.1
0.2
0.6
11.6
87.6
(')
3 7
Middle states
Soutlieru states
4 6
Added area
84.2
0.2
Outlying districts...-.
1 Less than ono-tenth of 1 per cent.
INTERSTATE MIGRATION.
127
The percentages of increase from 1890 to 1000 in the
native white por.son.s of native parentage Hving in the
area enumerated in 1700 and in tiie added area, are as
follows :
PER CENT or INCREASE, 1890 TO 1900, FOB
NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OP NATIVE
PARENTAGE LIVING IN THE AREA ENU-
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION OF BIRTil.
CU IN 1(»0.
Total.
New
England.
Middle
stales.
Southern
states.
I'nltcd Stales
15.4
3.2
15.2
19.4
Continental United States
15.3
14.7
49.2
3.0
15.1
19.4
.\rea enumeratod in 1790
2.5
59.2
14.4
70.0
18.9
38.3
.\ddc<l area
Xorlhpm slates
48.5
46.6
97.7
7U.2
58. 8
43.3
76.4
827.0
GS.8
B2.4
109.7
625.7
33.8
45,4
99.5
692.7
Western slates
Outlying districts
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION OP BIRTH.
PEE CENT OF INCREA.SE, 1890 TO 1900. POR
NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OF NATIVE
PARENTAGE LIVING IN ADDED AREA
WITHIN fONTINENTAL UNITED STATES.
Total.
Northern
states.
Southern
states.
Western
stales.
United States
23.7
16.0
41.4
Continental United States
23.6
15.9
41.3
'7.3
•15.7
11.8
'21.2
"14.7
2.5
29.4
412.6
127.2
118.0
17.9
21.7
355.0
'7.8
13.8
12.0
46.8
595.2
Middle states
2 ''
45 7
580 3
1 Decrease.
Inspection of the first of the foregoing summaries
shows that the percentage of increase in the number of
white persons of native parentage born and H\Tng in
the New England states is practical!}' negligible, while
the corresponding percentage for the number born and
living in the Southern states is almost as great as the
percentage of increase in the total population of the
United States during the decade. In marked contrast
to the small native increase shown in the New P^ngland
and Middle states is that of persons born in the added
area and resident in the two sections specified. Con-
tinuance of such large percentages would represent a
significant population change. On the other hand, the
changes indicateii by the second summary prove to be
the reverse of those shown by the first.
A class of citizens aggregating nearly 3,000,000, aa
tloes the great body of natives born in the original area
but living in the atlded area, will lose, in a decade, not
less than 400,000 of their number through death; in
addition, a number— po.s.sibly not large, but sullicient
to exert some influence— will return to their native
area or depart from the country. Hence, in order
merely to maintain the e.xact number previoasly
enumerated, by making good the lo.ss, appro.xiniately
500,000 persons must remove from the original area to
the added area. Additions beyond this number would
constitute increase in the class; the decline during the
decade from 1890 to 1900 was due to the fact that the
additions were not sufficient to make good tlie losses,
from whatever cause.
There are doubtless other factors at work in connec-
tion with migration back and forth between the
original area and the addetl area. Attention has
already been called to the remarkable decrease in the
fecundity of the native stock in the original area. A
decreasing proportion in this cla,ss must necessarily
lead to a decrease in the departures. Furthermore,
some influence is exerted by the tendency toward
equilibrium of opportunity between the West and the
East, now resulting from the general settlement of
those areas in the West and Northwest that formerly
offered unlimited opportunity anil attraction to the
more ventiu-esome and ambitious among the natives
of the older states.
The changes here pointed out are doubtless contrary
in part to those which are popularly believed to be in
progress. They are further confirmetl by the known
fact that there is an increa.sing tendency, on the part of
natives of the newer states of the West and Southwest
who have accumulated largo fortunes, to seek the
financial and business centers of the East for residence
and investment. Accessibility to the seaboard — an
important consideration in the establishment of early
settlements — is doubtless still an influential factor, as
facilitating travel and quick communication with
other parts of the world.
XIII. FOREIGN BORN POPULATION.
PROPORTIONS CONTRIBUTED BY ORIGINAL AND ADDED AREAS-
CHANGE IN CHARACTER OF POPULATION— SMALL PROPORTION
OF FOREIGN BORN IN SOUTHERN STATES— COUNTRY OF BIRTH.
Attention has thus far been directed to the distri-
bution of the native wliite population, especially persons
of native parentage. Analysis of the changes wliich
have occurred, as indicated in the previous pages,
shows that the total population of the original area
has increased steadily since the First Census, to a total
of approximately 35,000,000 ; while that of the added
area increased during the earlier periods at a much
become uniform with the original area in percent-
age of increase. The aggregate population of the
added area in 1900 was 41,000,000; hence there was
a general similarity both in total population and
in the percentage of increase between the older and
newer sections of the country.
It will be of interest at this point to consider the
contribution of the foreign element in each of the
two areas.
more rapid rate, but in the last decade tended to
Table 54.-F0REIGN BORN POPULATION IN EACH STATE OF THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790, AND IN THE
ADDED AREA OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES: 1850 TO 1900.
STATE.
1850 >
1860 >
]$;o
1880
1890!
1900
Continental United States
2,244,602
4,138,697
5,567,229
6,679,943
9,249,547
10,341,276
Area enumerated in 1790
1,466,806
2,264,121
2,7ia.l97
3.055.088
4,153,155
5,022.989
,306,249
469,330
648,001
793,612
1,142,432
1,445.237
31,825
14,265
33,715
164,024
23,902
38,518
1.024,547
37,453
20,938
32, 743
260,106
37,394
80,696
1,563,740
48,881
29,611
47,155
353,319
55,390
113,039
1,881.741
58.883
46,294
40.959
443. 491
73,993
129,992
2,030,376
78,961
72, 340
44,088
657,137
106,305
183,601
2,758,906
93,330
88.107
44. 747
846.324
134.519
238,210
Middle states
3,331,369
New York
655,929
59,948
303, 417
6,253
136,010
1,001,280
122,790
430, 505
9,165
231,051
1,138,353
188,943
545,309
9,136
235, 455
1,211,379
221.700
687.829
9,468
231.100
1,571,050
328,975
845,720
13,161
251,817
1,900,425
431,884
985,250
13,810
246,383
M'-irvIiinrl nnt\ Dktript ni f/iliiTTihin
58, 176
22,985
2,581
8,707
0,488
31,420
5,653
777,796
90,013
35,058
3,298
9,986
11,671
59, 799
21,226
1,874,576
99,666
30,845
3,029
8,074
11.127
63.398
19,316
2, 802. 032
99, 928
32.961
3.742
7,686
10.564
59,517
16,702
3, 624, 855
113,066
37,257
3,702
6,270
12.137
59,356
20,029
5,096,392
114.053
Virginia and West Virginia
41,912
4.492
South Carolina
5.528
12.403
50,249
Tennessee*
17,746
5,318,287
' Corrected fiEures as Kiven in Ninth Census Report on Population, Table iv.
2 Exclusive o( Indian Territory and Indian reservations.
3 Entire state.
* Designated as "Southwest Territory ' ' in 1790 Census Report.
Beginning with a total foreign born population of
approximately 2,250,000 in 1850, the number had
more than quadrupled by 1900. Approximately two-
thirds of the foreign born enumerated at the census
of 1850 were reported as residing in the area enum-
erated at the First Census, the remaining one-third
being scattered in the great extent of country com-
prised in the newer states and territories. The rela-
tionship thus indicated changed with great rapidity
at the succeeding censuses.
(128)
YEAB.
DISTRIBUTION OF
THE TOTAL FOR-
EIGN BORN.
Original
area.
Added
area.
1850 ..
65.3
54.7
49.7
45.7
44.9
48.6
34.7
1860
45.3
1870
50.3
1880
54.3
1890
65.1
1900
61.4
FOREIGN BORN POPULATION.
129
By 1870 the added area contained a slight majority
of all the foreign born reported at that census. This
proportion increased during the ne.xt twenty years. In
1S90 the number of foreign born persons in the added
area exceeded the number in the original area by more
than 900,000, but the proportions for 1900 suggest that
a decided change was in progress. Should the Thir-
teenth Census show the same rates of change for both
areas as were shown from 1890 to 1900, the area
enumerated in 1790 will once more report an excess
of the foreign born population.
Di.\i;HAM 12. — Foreign horn population of area enumerated in 1790
and of added area: 1S50 to 1900.
i
.....
--'
t
>
/
o'^"'
//
/
/
A
/
/
/
/
/
3
•
•
•
•
/
^^'"^
;^
• ^^
I
0
A
•
•
•
,/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
0
Table 54 offers clear evidence of the change in the
character of population which is in progress in the area
enumerated at the First Census. Although the in-
crease maintained is apparently gratifying, much of
it is due to accessions of foreigners. T.arge numbers
of immigrants arriving in the United States remain
in the seaboard cities or in the older states, attracted
by the magnitude of industrial operations and the
dense population. It has already been shown that
the proportion of children in the older sections of
the Republic is lower than elsewhere; hence, while the
inhaljitants of the older states continue to increase
in number to a degree which gratifies local pride, the
composition of the population appears to be under-
going a comparatively rapid change.
There is another aspect of this subject, however,
which in some respects is even more significant. The
Southern states forming a part of the original area, as
already pointed out for the entire group, have been
practically silent partners so far as the subject of for-
eign born population is concerned. In 1850, out of a
total foreign element in the area enumerated in 1790
of approximately 1,500,000, but i:J3,961 were reported
by the Southern states. Thus practically the entire
contribution of foreign born at the census mentioned
was made by the New England and Middle states.
Fifty years later, in 1900, persons of foreign birth con-
tinued practically a negligible element in the Southern
states, while in the centers of population which had
reported them at the earlier period their number
had increased to nearly 5,000,000. Therefore the
comparison made in the previous pages is in reality a
comparison not of the contribution of foreign i)orn
residing in the original area, but of the number residing
in a portion of that area, with the number reported
b}- all of the states and territories erected after the
First Census. Subdivision of the original area into
3 geographic divisions reveals the following propor-
tions at 3 census periods:
PER CENT DI9TKIBUTION
or THE FOREIGN BOKH
POPULATION.
1860
1880
1900
United States
100.0
100.0
100.0
65.3
4S.7
48.6
13.6
4S.6
«.!
34.7
11.9
30.4
3.4
M.3
14.0
Middle states
32.2
Southero states
2 4
Added area
SI 4
In each of the 2 decades here shown the Southern
states have reported a very small and decreasing pro-
portion of the total foreign element. On tiie other
hand, the New England and Middle states together
reported 59. 3 per cent of all the foreign born in the
United States in 1850, 42.3 per cent of all in 1880,
and 46.2 per cent of all in 1 900. It must be remem-
bered that these proportions relate to a total fi>reign
boni population which ([uadrupled in the half century
under consideration.
Table 55.— -Vumftfr offortign bom in every 1,000 of the total white
population: 18S0 to 1900.
OBIOINAL AREA.
YEAR.
Total.
New
England
and
1 Ulddle
states.
Soutb-
eni
stales.
Added
araa.>
lis
147
1»
143
163
164
! ISS
1«
207
; 196
235
229
32
47
43
33
31
25
lis
1«0
172
isso
1S9
169
1900
143
• Computed on the basis of the total white population o( that nart of coi
ncntal UnltiHl States not Included In the original area; jiopulallon of Indian Toi
ton- and Indian rrs<T\-nllons Included for llHWonly.
130
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
It is significant that the number of foreign bom
in every 1,000 of white population has sho\vn
practicall}' continuous increase in flic New England
and Middle states. The number of native born of
foreign parentage bv geographic divisions, a classifica-
tion possible for the years 1870, 1890, and 1900, was
as follows:
Table SG.~Number of native born of foreign parentage^ in each
1,000 of the total white population: 1S70, 1S90, and 1900.
ORIGINAL AREA.
TEAR.
Total.
New
England
and
Middle
states.
Southern
states.
Added
area. '
1870
150
190
214
193
253
289
52
55
54
169
1890
225
251
■ Thisde,=;ignation comprehends, (or 1890 and 1900. all native white persons having
either one or both parents foreign born ; and for 1870 all native bom of foreign paren ts
(obtained by deducting the foreign born from the total number of persons having
one or both parents foreign). It is assumed that in 1S70 the native born of foreign
parents were white.
' Computed on the basis of the total white population of that part of continental
United States not enumerated in 1790; population of Indian Territory and Indian
reservations included for 1900 only.
Upon combining the number of foreign born and
their native children, who comprise what may be
termed the distinctly foreign element, the following
proportion in each 1,000 of white population appears:
Table 51.— Number of persons of foreign birth and of native birth
and foreign parentage, in each 1,000 of the white population: 1870,
1H90, and 1900.
ORIGINAL AREA.
Added
area.
YEAR.
Total.
New
England.
Middle
states.
Southern
states.
1870
306
3.52
378
331
477
546
427
479
507
94
85
79
340
1890
393
1900. .
394
It will be recalled that, in 1900, the number of foreign
born in ever}' 1 ,000 of the white population was greater
in the original area than in the added area, the for-
mer having passed the latter between 1890 and 1900.
Upon extending the classification of the foreign ele-
ment to include the native born of foreign parents,
as shown above, the added area continues to present
a larger proportion of persons classed as of foreign
parentage than the original area, but the increase
from 1890 to 1900 was but 1 per 1,000 m the added
area, while in the original area the increase was 26 per
1,000. Consequently the difference in the proportion
of the foreign element in every 1,000 decreased mate-
rially, and the same decrease, contmued in 1910, would
show a larger proportion of the foreign element in each
1,000 of the white population in the original area than
in the added area. It is significant that the Southern
states thus far have shown a decreasing rather than
an increasing proportion, and it is thus evident that
a comparison between the foreign element per 1,000 of
population in the original and added areas is greatly
affected, in the original area, by the small proportion
showai in the Southern states. In both New England
and the Middle states, more than half of each 1,000 of
the white population in 1900 were of foreign parent-
age. It appears, moreover, from the preceding sum-
mary, that in these 2 sections of the coimtry the
proportion is increasing with great rapidity. During
the twenty years from 1870 to 1890 this element
increased in New England 146 and in the Middle
states 52 per 1,000 of popidation, while during the
decade from 1890 to 1900 the increase in the New
England states was 69 and in the Middle states 28.
From this analysis it appears that not only were
more than half of the entne wliite population in
these sections persons of foreign parentage, but the
rapidity of increase in the proportion showed no
diminution.
DISTKIBUTION BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH.
In Table 110, wliich appears on page 226, is pre-
sented the foreign born population of continental
United States and of the area enumerated in 1790, by
country of birth. The earliest date for which the
segregation of foreign born by country of birth is
obtainable was the census of 1850. Variations in
classification have made the preparation of this table
a task of some difficulty. It is believed, however, to
be substantially accurate. The significant movement
of foreign born population in the United States, with
relation to the older and the newer areas, is reflected
by the following percentage table :
Table 58. — Per cent distribution of foreignborn, by country of birth:
1850 and 1900.
NATIONAUTY.
Total.
Canada and Newfoundland .
All other North America. . .
England and Wales
Ireland
Scotland
Germany
Norway and Sweden
Denmark
-\ustria-Hungary
Italy
Russia, including Finland. .
Poland
Switzerland
Netherlands
France
Spain and Portugal
Belgium
Turkey and Greece
Europe not specified
China
Japan
All other Asia
Oceania
South America
Africa
All other
CONTINEN-
TAL traiTED
STATES.
1830 1900
100.0
6.6
0.9
13.7
42.8
3.1
26.0
0.7
0.1
(')
0.2
0.1
0.6
0.4
2.4
0.2
0.1
(')
(')
(')
(■)
0.1
(■)
1.9
lOO.O
11.4
1.3
9.0
15.6
2.3
25.8
8.8
1.5
5.6
4.7
4.7
3.7
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
{')
(')
0.2
AREA ENU-
MERATED
IN 1790.
ISoO ' 1900
6.1
0.3
13.4
63.1
3.3
18.4
0.1
0.1
(')
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
1.6
0.1
(')
(')
(■)
(')
(')
1.9
ADDED
AREA.
18dO 1900
100.0 100.0
13.1
6.1
0.3
2.0
10.1
14.4
23.2
23.4
2.5
2.9
19.7
40.3
3.1
1.8
0.4
0.1
6.2
0.1
7.2
0.2
6.2
0.1
4.1
0.7
1.2
0.4
0.8
0.9
4.1
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
(1)
0.3
0.3
0.1
(■)
0.2
(')
(')
0.1
(')
0.1
(')
(')
0.2
1.8
9.8
2.2
8.0
8.5
2.0
31.6
14.1
2.S
5.0
2.3
3.3
3.4
1.5
1.6
1.1
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.1
1.2
0.5
0.1
0.1
r.i
0.2
1 Less than on&-tenth of 1 per cent.
FOREIGN BORN POPULATION.
131
Wliile this table indicates the proportion which each
principal element of the foreijjn born forms of the total
foreign born in the United States and in the original
and added areas, it does not throw hght upon (lie
proportion of each nationality residing in each of the
two areas. Selecting tlie principal nations, the pro-
])ortions shown are as follows:
Table 69.
-PER CENT DISTRIBUTION, BY GEOGRAPHIC AREAS, OF NATIVES OF SPECIFIED FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
1850 AND 190U.
AEEA.
NORTH
AUEBICA.
ENGLAND,
SCOTLAND, AND
WALES.
r.ERM.VNT 1 I RUS.1IA, 1 .,, .___
IRELAND. AND AUSTRIA- STANDmAVM. ITALY. FLKLASIl, AND ^ i-irT^^-.
1 IIUNOARV. roLAND. COUNTBIM.
18S0
1900
1850
1900
1860
1900
inn n
18«0
ipn n
1900 IKfiO
1900
■ two 1900 1 18G0 1900
18G0
.90.
United States
100.0 1 ino.o
100 n
inn n
100.0
inn n inn n
100.0
100.0 1 100.0 { loo.o 1 loao
100 0
inn n
Area eniimeraledin 1790
62.4
51.2, 04.5 1 M.4
81.1
71.8 1 4(1.3 1 39.9
16.4
17.0
49.6
74.9,1 08.8 1 88.9
48.0
33.7
New England
29.8
31.5
1.1
37.6
39.1
11.4
0.7
4^8
10.8
48.8
4.9
35.5
15.8
35.9
2.7
45.6
20.4
55.1
S.6
1&9
23.9 I
45.2
2.7
2a2
1.2
3C.1
9.0
S3.7
2.8
33.7
3.4
60.1
4.0
10. S
1.8
83.6
6.7
10. 0
0.3
83.0
7.2
2&2
14.2
sa.i
12.7
60.3
2.0
28.1
3.3
55.1
10.4
31.2
9.8
40.4
2.7
41.1
as
33.3
6.5
52.0
8.8
22.5
2.5
66l3
Soiithern states
A smaller proportion of the natives of nearly every
foreign country were residents of the original area in
1900 than in 1850. The natives of Italy form an ex-
ception to this rule; for, whereas in the earlicryearmore
than half of them were located in the added area, in 1900,
as a result of the great immigration from that country
in the latter part of the century, nearly three-fourths
of all were located in the area enumerated in 1790.
The decreased proportion of the foreign bom in the
Southern states of the original area is noticeable.
Nearly one-seventh of the Italians in the country were
residents of these states in 1850, while in 1900 the pro-
portion was negligible.
XIV. STATISTICS OF SLAVES.
NUMBER OF SLAVES IN UNITED STATES — IN ORIGINAL AND
ADDED AREAS — SLAVEHOLDING FAMILIES — NUMBER OF WHITE
PERSONS DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY CONNECTED WITH SLAVE-
HOLDING— RATIO OF SLAVES TO WHITES— VALUE OF SLAVES.
Slavery existed in all the states and territories
which were enumerated in 1790, with the exception
of Vermont, Massachusetts, and the district of Maine.
Comparatively few slaves, however, were held in the
Northern states; more than nine-tenths of all slaves
at the First Census were reported from the Southern
states. Virginia ranked first in number of slaves,
reporting 292,627. The second in rank was South
Carolina, closely followed by Maryland and Nortli
Carolina; but the total number of slaves in these
3 states only slightly exceeded the number in Vir-
ginia alone. The number of slaves in the United
States in 1790 is shown by states in the following
summary :
United S tates 697, 624
\ew Hampshire '. 157
Rhode Island 958
Connecticut 2, 648
New York 21, 193
New Jersey 11, 423
Pennsylvania 3, 707
Delaware 8, 887
Maryland 103, 036
Virginia 292, 627
North Carolina 100, 783
South Carolina 107, 094
Georgia 29, 264
Kentucky 12, 430
Southwest Territory 3, 417
The number of slaves at each census from 1790 to
1860, with the percentage of decennial increase, was
as follows:
CENSUS YEAR.
Number of
slaves.
Per cent
of in-
crease.
1790
697,624
893,602
1,191,362
1,538,022
2,009,043
2,487,355
3,204,313
3,953,760
1800
28.1
33.3
29.1
30.6
23.8
28.8
23.4
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
The percentages of increase remained remarkably
uniform from 1790 to 1830. Indeed, no violent fluctu-
ations occurred during the entire slaveholding period.
(132)
The higher percentage shown for the decade 1800 to
1810 reflects the large importation of negroes during
the years immediately preceding January 1, 1808, after
which date the trade in slaves was prohibited. It has
been noted that there was little difference between the
rate of increase in the white and the negro population
in the early part of the century ; since nearly all the ne-
groes were slaves, it of course follows that there was
little difference prior to 1830 in the rate of increase in
slaves as compared with that of whites. After that
date, however, the rate of slave increase tended to
diminish.
States holding slaves: 1790.
Marked changes appear from decade to decade in the
rate of increase for slaves in the different states, al-
though for the entire United States, as already pointed
out, it remained reasonably uniform.
The extension of slavery from 1790 to 1860 by an-
nexation of territory, and especially by settlement
and the transfer of slaves from the older to the newly
settled areas in the South and Southwest, is clearly
indicated in the following table.
In the 3 slave states of Delaware, Maryland, and
Virginia, at the period under consideration slaves were
employed principall}^ in the cultivation of tobacco.
The soil was rapidly impoverished by this crop, how-
ever, and as a result the center of tobacco culture
tended to move farther westward, into new and more
favorable sections in Kentuckv and Tennessee.
STATISTICS OF SLAVES.
133
Table 60.— NUMBER OF SLAVES IN THE AREA ENUMERATED IN 1790 AND IN THE ADDED AREA, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES: 1790 TO 1860.
STATE OR TEBRITORY.
17M
1800
1810
18H>
1810
1840
liM
1860
UnitedStates
697,624
893.602
1,191,362
1,538,022
2,006,043
2,487,355
3,204,3U
3,053,760
097,624
889,804
1,122,110
1,341,718
1,577,105
1,009,105
1,842,570
1,075,808
New England
3,703
1,339
418
14S
48
23
Maine
2
3
New Hampshire
157
8
1
Vermont
Massachusetts
1
17
25
6,024
Rhode Island
958
2,648
45,210
380
951
41,184
108
310
30,840
48
97
22,365
5
>17
3,347
Connecticut
Middle states
2,526
1,818
21,193
11,423
3,707
8,887
048,651
20,903
12.422
1,706
6,153
847,281
15,017
10,851
795
4,177
1,090,852
10.088
7,557
211
4,509
1,319,208
75
2,254
403
3,292
1,571,033
4
674
64
2,605
1,605,735
New Jersey
236
•18
Delaware
2,200
1,840,044
1,798
1,073,068
103,036
287,959
4,008
100,783
107,094
29,204
12,430
3,417
•107,707
•339.796
7,172
133,290
UO, 151
59,232
40,343
13,584
3,798
•115,056
•383,521
10,836
1&S,824
190,305
91,154
80,561
44,635
69,252
•111,917
•411, SSO
15.119
204,917
258,475
110,055
126,732
80,107
196,304
■ 107. 499
•4:>3,r/)8
17,1,73
245, Wl
315.401
124, Mb
185.213
141,003
431,938
•93,057
•43I.K7:i
18,4SX
245,817
3'.'7,a38
124, 145
1«,258
183,059
878,250
94,055
452,028
20,500
288,548
384,984
149,489
210,981
239,450
1,361,743
00,374
472,494
18,371
331 059
Virginia*
402,406
158,080
225,483
275 719
1,977,958
3,798
31,581
115,401
277,182
605,890
884,915
1,175,829
135
429
1,107
788
348
6
3
747
1
•31
276,394
3
3
331
Indiana
28
•107
237
108
24
190
917
11
605,542
3,663
31,152
114,294
884,915
1,175,829
174
'494
2,995
14,064
•2,565
14,523
37,671
39,601
41,879
32,814
80,903
93,186
117,549
05,659
139,25.5
150,799
253,532
195,211
240,627
232,103
342,844
300,878
379.331
304,118
435,000
430,031
557,772
1
34,660
'•136
"2,875
69,064
1,617
10,222
109.588
4.570
25,091
15,501
108,452
19,935
58,240
25,717
244.809
47,100
87,422
39,310
331,726
111.115
114,931
First enumerated In 1S30
61,745
15,501
25,717
16
30,310
61,745
........ ..^. ■.....•..
I Wfl
I
16
1
68,187
182.505
t
26
58,161
29
182,566
First enumerated In 18G0
17
i
15
1
2
r ■
» Exclusive of 37 slaves captured In the slaver Amistad.
' Colored apprentices (or IKe, liy the act to aliollsh slavery passed .\prii 18. 1846.
Iriac " .-."." ,--.---1-- i . .#.%.- r.,-.
• Ale.tandrla ooimtv, which fro:n 180O to 1S40. Inclusive, formed a part of the District of Columbia, Is here Included with V'lrglnla, for comparative purposes.
I The totals for the counties which In 1803 and 1806 were set ofl from Virginia to form West Virginia are here shown separately, becauseof the marked dinerBiM
,»i,>i .o™ -o.o .,»»>/,» ..V.UA ... ™.-™ .^ ^ -■ leranoe b«tw«en
the 2 states with respect to slavery.
' Reported as lor Randolph county, Indiana territory.
' Reported as (or nruwn, Crawford, and Iowa counties. Michigan territory.
' Reported as for \V:ishlngton county. Mississippi territory.
" Reported as for Baldwin, Madison, and WasfunRton counties. Mississippi territory. j„„,,u. i«„i.i»,.. i.„r,.h»o« ,»hieh wfi.iirmrr«nlMyl
« In 1810 Louisiana was called " Orleans territory." and th<i name ■• Louisiana territory was applied to the remainder of th, If " Wi^* J'"'^'^*' ».^^
'0 Reported as for "settlements of Hope Field and St. FrancU" and for "settlements on the Arkansas" in the unorganized territor> then called Louisiana territory.
'^"I'R™p'^^'ted""aL^o■r Cape Girardeau, New Madrid, St. Charles, St. Louis, and St. Oenevleve districts In the unorganiied territory then called " Louisiana twrltory."
Compare with note 9.
As the cultivation of tobacco by slave labor became
somewhat less profitable in the older states, the acqui-
sition of territory in the far South and Southwest
and the introduction and rapid expansion of cotton
growing in that section made slave labor highly prof-
itable in connection with this important crop. After
76292—09 10
the further importation of slaves was prohibited in
1808, the market price of negroes advanced rapidly,
because of the increasing demand for their services in
the cotton fields. Planters in Maryland an J Virginia
found it to their pecuniary advantage either to sell
slaves or to move with them farther south or into
134
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Kentucky or Tennessee. These changes resulted in
a shifting of the slave population in the Southern
states.
In Delaware the number of slaves was greatest at
the First Census, but declined steadily (except during
the decade 1810 to 1820) until 1860. In Maryland
the number decreased at each census but one from 1810
to 1860. The number in Virginia increased but 4 per
cent from 1830 to 1860; in North Carolina, during the
same period, the increase was 35 per cent, or about
1 per cent per annum. For that part of Georgia
enumerated in 1790 the increase was 27.1 per cent, but
the whole state showed an increase of more than 100
per cent.
As reflected by percentage of increase from decade
to decade, the area showing liberal increase of slave
population tended to become more restricted. In 1850
and 1860 decided increase in number of slaves was
practically confined to the lower South. In 1860
only Georgia, the Gulf states, Missouri, and Arkansas
showed an increase exceeding 20 per cent in the number
of slaves.
In forty years, from 1820 to 1860, both Alabama and
Mississippi recorded a tenfold increase in slave popula-
tion, while the white population increased but sixfold
in Alabama and eightfold in Mississippi. The number
of slaves in Louisiana increased with similar rapiditj';
and in the decade from 1850 to 1860 the slave popula-
tion of Texas trebled.
In the following table, which presents the percent-
ages of increase in slaves in all the so-called slave
states during the period of slavery, the shifting of
slave property to the lower South and Southwest is
clearly inaicated:
Table 61. — Per cent increase of the slave population of the slave states
at each census: 1790 to 1S60.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
1790
to
1800
1800
to
1810
1810
to
1820
1820
to
1830
1S30
to
1840
1840
to
1850
1850
to
1860
Delaware
130.8
4.5
18.6
32.3
36.5
103.0
■32.1
6.8
13.7
26.7
34.4
77.1
7.9
12.7
8.3
21.4
31.6
42.2
127.0
13.9
10.4
19.9
22.0
45.4
120.9
113.4
14.5
0.1
3.7
29.2
66.9
10.3
29.3
115.7
197.3
63.7
335.6
112.1
1.1
4.9
17.4
17.7
35.9
52.9
15.8
30.8
35.2
58.7
46.3
136.3
121 5
Uarvland^.
13.9
Nortli Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia^.
14.7
4.5
21.1
57 1
Florida
Kentucky
224.6
297.5
99.7
227.8
419.2
384.9
57.3
79.9
1,632.7
125.9
99.3
1,089.0
30.4
76.8
180.7
100.1
68.7
183.0
6.9
15.1
26.9
40.9
35.5
135.9
213 9
Tennessee
Mississippi
Louisiana ^
Texas
Missouri '
255.5
145.5
132.1
50.1
31.5
1 Decrease.
2 Includes District of Columbia.
3Kntirestate.
< HcporU'd as for Wasliington county, Mississippi tcrritorv. in 1800, and as for
Baldwin, Madison, and Washington countic-s. Mississippi territory, in 1810.
^Called "Orleans territiiry" in 1SI((. Sec Table 60, note 9.
« Ueportcd in 1810 us (oi'"selUements of Hope Field and St. Francis" and for
"settlements on the .\rliansas " in the unorganlwd territory then called " Louisiana
territory."
' Keported in ISlOas for Cape Girardeau, New Madrid.St. Charles, St. Louis and
St. Genevieve districts, in the unorganized territory then called "Louisiana
territory."
Comparison of the increase in the number of slaves
in the original and added area and the proportion con-
tributed by each, reflects the progress of settlement of
the younger slave states, and their constant increase
in proportionate importance as slaveholders.
Table 62. — Per cent increase and proportion of slaves reported in
area enumerated in 1790 and in added area: 1790 to 1860.
ORIGINAL AREA.
ADDED AEEA.
YEAR.
Percent
of in-
crease.
Proportion
of total
slaves.
Per cent
of In-
crease.
Proportion
of total
slaves.
1790
100.0
99.6
94.2
87.2
78.5
64.7
67.5
50.0
IgOO
27.5
26.1
19.6
17.5
2.0
14.5
7.2
0.4
ISIO
1.723.4
183.5
120.0
103.3
55.1
45.3
5.8
1820
12.8
1830
21.5
1840
35.3
1850
42.5
I860 .
50.0
The decennial rate of increase in the number of
slaves in the original area was noticeably uniform
for forty years after the First Census, but from 1830
to 1840 the increase declined to 2 per cent, a rate so
small as to be practically negligible. In 1850 a con-
siderable increase was reported, but in 1860 there was
again an insigiuficant percentage. In general, there-
fore, the uniform increase of one-fourth or one-sixth
shown in the original area to 1830 decUned during the
final thirty years of slavery to a small and wavering
increment. Meantime the relative rank of the two
areas in slaveholding was steadily changing and the
Southern states in the added area were becoming
more and more important as slaveholding commu-
nities. The proportion of 99.6 per cent of all slaves
sho\vn by the original area in 1800 had dropped to
one-half by 1860. Such changing proportions mani-
fest a much greater relative increase in the number of
slaves in the added area than in the original area.
The large earlier percentages were of course devoid of
significance as indicative of natural increase, since they
were principally the result of acquisition of new slave
territory and the rapid settlement therein of a con-
siderable slaveholding population. The rate of in-
crease, however, although it dechned sharply after
1830, continued very liigli in the added area to the
close of the slaveholding period. The changes here
shown in the total added area suggest analysis of the
increase in the number of slaves in the area added
at each census after 1790. The percentages in the
following summary, like those which precede, are com-
puted from Table (50:
DECADE.
DECENNIAL PER CENT OF INCREASE rN NUMBER OF SLAVES
IN AREA FIRST ENUMERATED IN—
1800
1810
1820
ISSO
1840
1850
18«0
1790 to 1800
1800 to 1810
731.6
265.4
140.2
118.6
46.1
32.9
lS10tolS20
114.8
72.1
77.1
53.8
47.0
1820 to 1830
1830 to 1840
65.9
.w a
1840 to 1860
1850tol8fi0..
R7 1
213.8
STATISTICS OF SLAVES.
135
SLAVEHOLDINO FAMILIES.
In a preceding chapter which treats of families (see
paf^o 9G), a presentation is made of slaveholding fami-
lies in 1790, white and colored, in which the number
of members and the average size of such famiUes are
given. The following table presents tlie number of
slavcholding families, the total number of slaves, and
the average number per family, by states and terri-
tories in 1790 and 1850:
Table 63.— NUMBER OF SLAVEHOLDINO FAMILIES AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES PER FAMILY BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES: 1790 AND 1850.
1790
ISM
—
Slaveholdlne rumi-
lles.
Slaves.
1
SIsveboldInK fami-
lies.'
Slaves.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
Number.
Percent
oral!
families.
Number.
Percent ]
of total 1
popiila-
lion. !
Number.
Percent
of all
families.
Number.
Total.
Average
slave-
holding
family.
Total.
Avemce
sbve-
boldlng
lamlly.
Per cut
of total
United States
96,168
17.2
697,624
7.3
17.8
347,725 1 9.7
3,204,313
9.2
Area euamerated in 1790
94,168
17.2
697,624
7.3
17.8
214.799 9.3
1,842,570
8.6
13.6
New England
2,147
2.8
3,763
1.8
0.4
!
1
Maine
New Hampshire
123
0.5
157
1.3
0.1
Vermont :
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
461
I, £63
16,265
4.1
3.8
9.8
958
2,648
45,210
2.i
1.7
2.8
i.i"
1.1
4.4
Connecticut
Middle states
1,009 0.1
2,526
!• ■'
New York
7,796
»4,760
1,858
» 1,851
77,766
14.2
16.0
2.5
22.5
35.8
21,193
11,423
3,707
8,887
648,651
2.7
2.4
2.0
4.8
8.3
6.2
6.2
0.9
15.0
34.1
'
New Jersey
200 ■ 0.2
236
i.i'
■ ■(•■) ■
Pennsylvania
Delaware
80»j ■ "6.2
213,790 1 30.3
2,290
1,840,044
2.8
8.6
2.S
31.4
Southern states
Maryland and District of Columbia
< 13,777
< 34,026
» 16,310
8,859
•2,419
» 1,855
•510
38.0
44.9
31.0
34.3
24.6
17.0
8.8
103,036
293,627
100,783
107,094
29,264
12,430
3,417
7.5
8.S
6.7
12.1
12.1
6.7
6.7
32.2
39.1
2».S
43.0'
35.6 '
16.9
9.6 1
17,417
55,963
28,303
25,596
•15,062
38,385
33,864
132,926
18.3
32.9
26.8
48.4
70.3
28.9
2C.0
10.3
94,055
472,528
288,548
384,984
•149.489
210, 9S1
239, 459
1,361,743
5.4
8.6
10.2
15.0
9.9
•.6
7.1
10.2
14.8
33.2
33.2
Virginia and West Virginia
North Carolina
Oeorcia
54 9
'>3 9
15.8
' Given in the rompendium of the Seventh Census, Table xc, as "slaveholders."
• Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
» Kstimated. See patie l;t8.
• .\IIepany, Calvert, and Somersett counties estimated.
» Caswell, Granville, and Oranijc counties estimated.
• Figures are for part enumerated in 1790.
' The Ogures shown as lor Tennessee in 1790 were reported as for the Southwest Territory, which had an area slightly greater than that of Tennessee.
In 1790 the proportion which slaveholding families
formed of all families exceeded 20 per cent in Dela-
ware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, and Georgia, but was less th.in 20 per cent in
Kentucky and much less in Tennessee. Even in New
York the proportion was but little smaller than in
Kentucky. In 1850 the number of slaveholding fam-
ilies had become less than 20 per cent of all families
in Delaware and Maryland, whereas the proportion
exceeded that %ure in Kentucky and Tennessee.
In only 2 states, North Carolina and South Caro-
lina, was the increase in the average number of slaves
per family worthy of note.
Slaveholding families classified by size of holdings. —
But one classification of slaveholding families accord-
ing to the number of slaves held has heretofore been
made at a Federal census. At the Seventh Census
(1850) a tabulation of this character was prepared
and printed in the Compendium, and this affords an
interesting analysis of slaveholders at that period.
In the following table a similar classification is
made for 1790 for all states for which the schedules
are still in existence. An estimate is included for
Virginia, based on figures of 1782 and 1783. (See
pages 137 and 138.)
136 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 64 -SLAVEHOLDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD. BY STATES AND
TERRITORIES: 1790 AND 1850.
Total
number
of slave-
holding
famiUes.
NUMBER OF FAMIUES HOLDIXG—
STATE OR TERUITORY.
1 slave.
2 to 4
slaves.
5 to 9
slaves.
10 to 19
slaves.
20 to 49
slaves.
50 to 99
slaves.
100 to 199
slaves.
200 to 299
slaves.
300 slaves
and over.
Number
of slaves
unknown
1130
Area for which 1700 schedules exist i
81,885
20,047
24,912
18,017
11,735
5,274
813
198
38
7
844
New England
2,147
1,332
689
113
12
1
123
401
1,563
9,654
97
255
980
4,119
24
160
505
3,534
2
45
66
1,310
1
11
193
1
2
'
Middle states
1
496
7,796
1,858
70,084
3,088
1,031
14,596
2,867
667
20,689
1,165
145
16,694
181
12
11,530
1
1
5,271
494
2
813
198
38
7
348
12,226
34,026
14,973
8,859
2,841
5,785
4, MO
1,930
3,617
9,510
4,959
2,603
2,807
8,559
3,375
1,853
1,796
6,745
1,788
1,201
713
2,998
701
859
96
342
90
285
16
75
11
96
3
12
2
21
1
336
7
6
5
1850
United States
347,725
68,998
105,703
80, 767
54,595
29,733
6,196
1,479
187
67
127,488
22,16?
37,624
31,052
22,190
11,565
2,194
572
89
38
Middle statcs<
1,009
126,479
498
21,666
372
37,252
119
30,933
20
22,170
11,565
2,194
572
89
38
Maryland and District of Columbia
17,517
55,063
28,303
25,596
87,311
132,926
5,585
11,385
1,204
3,492
19,427
27,407
5,870
15,560
9,668
6,164
28,455
39,624
3,463
13,030
8.129
6,311
20,909
28,806
1,861
9,466
5,898
4,955
12,416
19,989
657
4,880
2,828
3,200
5,380
12,788
73
646
485
990
628
3,374
7
107
76
382
82
825
1
1
3
33
3
26
Virginia
8
12
69
11
87
North Carolina
Soutli Carolina .
Remainder of area enumerated in 1790
' Data not available for New Jersey, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. An estimate has been made for Virginia. (See page 137.)
3 Data not availrible for 3 counties.
' Estimated. Sie page 137.
< As there were no slaves reported in New York or Tennsylvania in 1850, the number reported in Delaware and New Jersey is given, for purposes of comparison
with the Middle states.
The changes which are recorded in the interesting
comparisons shown in Table — are made clear upon
inspection of the changes in proportions shown in the
foUowincr table:
Table 65 — PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF SLAVEHOLDING FAMILIES ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD:
1790 AND 1850.
OWNERS OF-
1 slave
2 and under 5 slaves
6 and under 10 slaves
10andunder20 slaves . . .
20 and under 50 slaves . . .
60 and under 100 slaves . .
100 and under 200 slaves _
200 and under 300 slaves .
300 slaves and over
Unknown
TOTAL COMPAEA-
BLE AREA. 1
1790
24.5
30.4
22.0
14.3
0.4
1.0
0.2
1.0
ISSO
17.4
29.5
24.4
17.4
9.1
1.7
0.4
0.1
(')
MAKTLAND AND
DISTRICT OP CO-
LUMBIA.
1790
23.2
29.6
23.0
14.7
6.8
0.8
0.1
(')
m
2.7
1850
31.!
33. J
19.1
10.1
3.1
0.'
m
(>)
1790
17.0
27.9
25.2
19.8
8.8
1.0
0.2
(=)
18S0
20.7
28.2
23.7
17.2
8.9
1.2
0.2
NORTH CAROLINA.
1790
27.0
3.3.1
22.5
11.9
4.7
0.6
0.1
P)
m
1850
4.3
34.2
28.7
20.8
10.0
1.7
0.3
m
(»)
SOUTH CAROLINA.
1790
21.8
29.4
20.9
13.6
9.7
3.2
1.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
.' f "I"?!''""'^ '" 1'^'i J'^'JI ""* '*'"' England and Middle statcji for which data are available and the Southern stales here specified
' i.ess man one-tenth of 1 per cent.
1830
13.6
24.1
24.7
19.4
12.5
3.9
1.5
0.3
0.1
This analysis shows that in the comparable area prac-
tically the same proportion of owners held from 2 to 4
slavesin 18.50 asin 1790. Therewas a considerable de-
crease, however, in the proportion of families having
only 1 slave in 1850 as compared with 1790, and an in-
crease in the proportions in the groups into which
those holding between 5 and 300 slaves were divided.
The changes recorded by individual states for which
data are available for both censuses were more marked
than those for the entire area. The economic condi-
STATISTICS OF SLAVES.
13i
tions which prevailed in Maryland and ^■i^^;ini:l are
clearly reflecled in the percentages shown in the tahle.
During the period under consideration the i)roportion
of slaveholders owning but 1 slave increased in these
states and decreased in North Carolina and South
Carolina. In 3 of the 4 states an increase appeared in
the proportion of persons holding from 2 to 4 slaves.
In the fourth, South Carolina , a decrease appeared. In
general the percentages shown reflect the tendency in
Maryland and ^'irginia to reduce slaveholdings, either
because of changing industrial conditions demanding
less slave labor or because of an increasmg number of
more highly skilled white laborers better adapted to the
increasingly exacting demands. In North and South
Carolina the changes tend in the other direction, and
are clearly the result of increasing dependence ujjon
slave labor and of expansion of industries in which
large numbers of slaves were essential to the prosperity
of the community.
Slaveholding families in states for' which schedules
are missirig. — The total number of slavehokling fami-
lies shown upon the schedules of the First Census which
arc still in existence is 47,859. The total number of
slaves owned by these families was 318,984, or slightly
less than one-half the entire slave population of the
United States in 1790. The average number of slaves
held by the families reported on existing schedules as
slaveholding was 6.7. If this average were applied to
the total number of slaves reported, 378,640, upon the
schedules which are not now in existence, the number
of slaveholding families upon those schedules would
appear to be 56,513.
The impression at once arises that this figure is too
large, for the average by which it is secured includes
all the Northern states. The slave owners of that
section of the Republic required slaves principally as
household sei-vants, and the number owned by indi-
viduals was almost always small. Only 3 persons in
the Northern states owned over 20 slaves each (Elijah
Mason, sr.,28 slaves, Lebanon town, Windham county.
Conn.; Robert Livingston, 44 slaves, Livingston
town, Columbia county, N. Y.; and Margaret
Hutton, 24 slaves, Washington townsliip, Fayette
county. Pa.).
The average number of slaves per slaveholding
family, for each state for which records are still avail-
able, was as follows:
AvcraRo
niiinl>er
of slaves
STATE.
IMT slave-
holding
family.
1.3
2.1
1.7
New York
2.7
Pennsylvania
2.0
7.5
6.7
Soutli Ciirolina
12.1
If slaveholding families in New Jersey, which lay
between New York and Pennsylvania and was proba-
bly subject to the same local influences, are assumed
to have held an average of 2.4 slaves (the mean be-
tween the average in New York and that in Poiin.syl-
vania) then the total immber of slaveholding families
in New Jersey approximated 4,760. Doubtless this
figure is close to the actual number.
In Delaware it is probable that conditions relating
to slave ownership resembled more closely those
which existed in Maryland than those to the north-
ward, in Pennsylvania. If, however, the mean be-
tween the average in these 2 states, 4.8, be accepted
and utilized as the probable average in Delaware,
there were in that state approximatel}' 1,851 slave-
holding families.
For Virginia it would not be just to estimate the
number of slaves per slaveholding family from the
numbers for neighboring states, since the conditions
prevailing in Marylan<l and North Carolina diiTered
widely from each other, and tloubtless differed as widely
from those in Virginia, which was generally regarded
at that period as the wealthiest state in the Union.
Fortunately, another method is available by which the
average number of slaves per slaveholding family in
Virginia may be determined with reasonable accuracy.
It has already been explained that the partial lists
of heads of families in existence for several coun-
ties of Virginia for 1782, 1783, 1784, and 1785 have
been published by the Director of the Census in the
series of Census publications containing the names of
heads of families at the First Census. Inspection of
these lists shows that the number of negroes con-
nected with white households was reported in 1782
and 1783 for a total of 32 counties. While it is true
that for some counties all white households are not
reported upon these schedules, it is probable that the
lists include, for the portions of the counties covered,
all property owners, and hence represent the actual
conditions of slave ownership. The counties for which
lists exist, though located largely in the older settled
areas, are not confined strictly to any one section,
but are reasonably representative of the state. The
total number of slaveholding families for the two
years shown in the two returns above given was
10,806, and the total number of negroes, 91,768.
Analysis of the number of slaves per slaveholding
family shows a county variation in 1782 from 2.9 in
Pittsylvania to 11 or more in Amelia, Cumberland,
Hanover, and New Kent. The average for the 19
counties for which returns for 1782 exist is 8.3 slaves
per slaveholding family ; for the 13 counties enumer-
ated in 1783 and for wliich returns exist, the average is
8.8. The general average secured by combining the
returns for both years as though reported at one
census, is 8.5 slaves per slaveholding family. The de-
tailed returns upon wliich these averages were com-
puted are as follows:
138
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table G6.— Number of slaveholding families, number of slaves, and
average number of slaves per slaveholding family in Virginia: 1782
and 17SS.
17S2
COUNTY.
1788
conuTY.
Slave-
hold-
ing
fami-
lies.
Ne-
groes.
Aver-
age
number
of
slaves
per
family.
Slave-
hold-
ing
fami-
lies.
Ne-
groes.
Aver-
age
number
of
slaves
per
family.
Total
6,635
55,242
8.3
Total....
Amiierst
Chesterfield
Essex
4.171
494
589
347
325
257
282
180
463
227
165
432
300
110
36,526
3,852
5,961
2,817
2,764
2,691
2,567
2,282
2,567
2,669
1,468
2.656
3,885
347
8.8
794
410
346
420
157
229
464
156
464
566
23
260
472
319
628
278
418
91
140
8,749
3,442
3,882
3,609
1,330
767
3,290
513
5,184
4,927
81
2,957
3,925
2,848
1,835
2,729
3,696
776
702
11.0
8.4
11.2
8.6
8.5
3.3
7.1
3.3
11.2
8.7
3.5
11.4
8.3
8.9
2.9
9.8
8.8
8.S
5 0
7.7
Charlotte
Cumberland
Fairfax
10.1
8.1
Gloucester
Greensville
Lancaster
Middlesex
Nansemond . . .
Powhatan
Prince Edward
Princess .\nne.
Richmond
Shenandoah . . .
8.5
Fluvanna
Frederick
10.5
9.1
12.7
Hampshire
Hanover
Mecklenburg....
Monongalia
New Kent
Northum b e r -
land
5.5
11.8
8.9
6.1
13.0
3.2
Pittsylvania. . . .
Sussex
Warwick
CltyofWllIiams-
biug (James
City and York
counties.)
There is no reason to doubt that the average thus
secured reflects accurately the proportion of slaves to
owners which existed throughout Virginia about the
period of the First Census, and it is therefore accepted
and utilized as such. The fact that the general aver-
age of slaves per slaveholding family in the distinctly
slave states for which schedules exist is 8.1 tends to
confirm this conclusion. Upon the basis of the aver-
age of 8.5 slaves thus established, there were 34,026
slaveholding families in Virginia in 1790.
The average in South Carolina may fairly be ap-
phed to Georgia, inasmuch as economic conditions in
the 2 states resembled each other closely. The
number of slaveholding families in Georgia, obtained in
this way, is 2,419. In Kentucky and Tennessee the
conditions were doubtless similar to those which ex-
isted in North Carolina. The use of the average num-
ber of slaves per slaveholding family in that state
makes the number of such families in Kentucky 1,855,
and in Tennessee, 510. As thus computed, the total
number of slaveholding families in the states of New
Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, Georgia, and the districts
of Kentuck}' and Tennessee was 45,421. If this be
accepted as a just approximation, the total number of
slaveholding families in the United States in 1790 was
96,168.1
Proportion of the white population connected with
slave ownership. — Consideration of the total number
of slaveholding families in the United States in 1790
suggests an analysis of the proportion of the white pop-
nlation who were members of such families. From a
computation based on the average size of white slave-
' Including an estimate of 2,888 for 6 counties — 3 in Maryland
and 3 in North Carolina — for which the schedules are missing.
holding families, already presented for the slavehold-
ing states, the following results appear:
Table 67 .—Proportion of the white population connected with slave
ownership: 1790.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
Average
size of
white
slavehold-
ing fam-
ilies.
United States..
New England
Maine
New Hampsliire .
Vermont
Massachusetts. . .
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle states.
New York
New Jersey 1.,,
Pennsylvania. .
Delaware '
Southern states .
Maryland^
Virginia •
North Carolina?
South Carolina
Georgia'
Kentucky'
Southwest Territory '
6.3
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.1
6.3
7.0
6.3
5.8
6.9
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.8
5.8
5.8
Number of
white
persons in
white slave-
holding
families.
563, 699
13,522
760
2,993
9,769
101,961
47,495
29, 938
12,942
11,586
448, 216
80, 724
197,351
94,418
48,097
13,932
10, 742
2,952
Per cent
of total
white
popula-
tion.
17.8
1.4
4.6
4.2
10.7
15.1
17.0
3.1
25.0
36.6
38.7
44.6
32.7
34.3
26.3
17.6
9.3
I Estimated.
2 Estimated for 3 counties.
At the Seventh Census (1850) it was computed by
the Superintendent, Mr. De Bow, that the population
connected with slave ownership in 1850 numbered ap-
proximately 2,000,000. The average number of per-
sons in slaveholding families was placed at 5.7. If
this proportion be utilized for the purpose of ascer-
taining the distribution of the number of persons
above mentioned, the following table results:
Table 68. — Proportion of the white population connected with slave
ownership: 1850.
STATE.
Number of
white
persons in
white slave-
holding
families.!
Percent
of total
white
popula-
tion.
United States
1,982,033
10.1
Now England
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Middle states
5,751
0.1
New York
New Jersey
1,140
0.2
Delaware
4,611
1,976,282
6.5
32.1
Maryland and District of Columbia
99,847
313,859
161,327
145.897
219, 199
20,064
218. 795
193,025
166.982
131,761
117,819
44,158
34,194
109,355
21.9
Virginia
3.'!. 1
North Carolina
29.2
53.1
Georgia
42.0
Florida
42.5
28.7
Tennessee
25.5
39.2
Mississippi
44.6
Louisiana
46 1
Texas
28.7
Arkansas
21.1
18.5
* Estimated.
STATISTICS OF SLAVES.
139
The proportion of the white population of the ITnited
States formed by members of slaveholding faraihes
decHned from 17.8 in 1790 to 10.1 in 1850; in other
words, 178 persons out of every 1,000 of the white pop-
ulation were directly or indirectly connected with slave
o\vnorship in 1790 and 101 out of every 1,000 in 1850.
In 1790 approximately one-fifth of "the total white
population of the slave states and more than one-tiiird
of the white population of all tlie Southern states were
members of slaveliohlingfamihes. Inl850thedecUne
in the proportion ofsucli persons was apparent in every
geographic division. Slavery had disappeared in
the New England states. In the Southern states as a
whole there was a decrease from 36.6 to 32. 1 . Some of
the states in the lower South, however, showed an
increase.
In 1850 the number of persons in white slaveholding
famiUes formed about one-tliirdof the total wliito popu-
lation of the slave states. In South CaroUna, Ala-
bama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, exclusive of the
largest cities, the proportion reached one-half of the
whole population.'
The proportion of persons in the entire white popu-
lation either directly or indirectly connected withslave
ownership, as shown in the following table, declined
slightly from 1790 to 1850. In the 2 Middle states in
which slavery still existed in the later j-ear, the decline
was very marked, wliile in the Southern states it
amounted to about one-ninth. The real explanation
of this table lies in tlic fact that the movement of slaves
was steadily toward the lower South and Southwest,
where the proportion in the entire population, as will
be perceivetl from Table 20, was becoming very large,
' Seventh Census Compendium, page 94.
and also in the fact that the proportion of those who
eitlier owned slaves or were in some manner identified
with slaveholding was slowly but steadily decUning.
TablrG9.— Proportion of the while population connected withiUtve
ownenhip in states which reported slaves at both cerxtxaes: 1790 and
1850.
Area covered .
Middle states
New Jersey.
Delaware....
Southern state3..
Maryland*
VirKlnla
.\orih Carolina'.
.South Carolina..
Ooort.'Ja
Kentucl;y
Tennessee
i;m
ISM
Number o(
persons in
white slave-
holding
(amllies.
480,740
41,524
■29,938
>11,586
448,216
«80,724
■197,351
<94,418
48,007
■13,932
■10,742
■2,»{S
Percent ' Number of
of luUil ' persons In
wbiie whiteslave-
popula- 1 1 holding
tion. famlliea.i
17.6
2&0
36.6
38.7
44.6
32.7
34.3
26.3
17.6
9.3
1,357,700
6,751
1,140
4,611
1,351,949
99,847
313,859
101,327
145,897
219,199
318,795
193,025
Percaot
of total
white
popula-
tiOD.
SIS
a2
6.5
32:1
21.9
3&1
29.2
53.1
42.0
28.7
25.5
> Estimated.
'Computed on the basis of the combined white population of .New Jersey and
Delaware.
• Includes Di'strict of Colurahia.
■ Estimated for 3 rounlia<.
RATIO OF SLAVES TO WHITE PERSONS.
In the Southern states as they existed at the time
of the First Census, the slaves numbered 648,651
and the whites, 1,226,057. Therefore, for every 100
whites there were 53 slaves. This proportion varied
considerably in the 7 states and territories included
in tliis group. The proportions of slaves to whites in
1790 and 1850, and that of negroes to whites in 1900,
were as follows :
Tablk 70.— ratio of SLAVES TO EVERY 100 WHITE PERSONS IN 1790 AND 1850, AND OF NEGROES TO
EVERY 100 WHITE PERSONS IN 1900.
1700
1850
19M
STATE OR TERRITORT.
Wblte
persons.
Slaves.
Number
of slaves
to every
100 white
persons.
White
persons.
Slaves.
Number
of slaves
to every
100 white
persons.
White
persons.
Number
ofnccroea
Negroes, to every
100 white
j persons.
Continental United States
3,172,444
697.624
22
HI .Vuf.OH
2,ruo,iwo
.•!.2i>i..3i;i
If,
iv.. son. 10<'.
S. <iM. 994 13
Area enumerated In 1790
3,172,444
697,621
■>•
13
New England
992,384
3.763
''i})'
ii -.i-;.u-"
i.,lf/J 1 1
\{^\x\e
06,107
141,112
85,072
373,187
64,670
232,236
954,003
581,813
317,456
313.403
985,450
143,875
363,099
5,843,163
692,226
410,791
342,771
2,769,764
419,050
892,424
15.264,839
1,319
662
826
31,974
9.093
15,236
356,618
<V
157
(')
(■
('
1
958
2,648
45,210
1
1
5
3
3
Middle states
3,5M
{■) t
3
314,366
ll»,954
423,373
46,310
21.193
11,423
3, 707
8,887
7
3,048,325
46,1,509
2,258,160
71,160
7.156,881
1,812,317
6,141,664
153,977
99,232 1
230
...^....
69.844 4
Delaware
2,»6
3
30.697 30
> Less than 1.
140
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 70 -R\TIO OF SLWES TO EVERY 100 WHITE PERSONS IN 1790 AND 1850, AND OF NEGROES TO EVERY
100 l^'HITE PERSONS IN 1900— Continued.
1790
1850
1900
STATB OR TERRITORY.
White
persons.
Slaves.
Number
of slaves
to every
100 white
persons.
White
persons.
Slaves.
Number
of slaves
to every
100 while
persons.
White
persons.
Negroes.
Number
of negroes
to every
100 white
persons.
Area enumerated in 1790— Continued.
Southern states
1,226,057
648,651
53
3,817,186
1,840,044
48
8,772,956
3,541,147
40
20,S, 549
442,117
289, 181
140, 178
52,886
61,133
31,913
103,036
292, 627
100,783
107,094
29,264
12,430
3,417
49
66
35
76
55
20
11
455,884
894,800
653,028
274,503
120,662
761,413
756,836
7,187,624
94,056
472,628
288,548
384,984
149,489
210,981
239,459
1,361,743
21
63
52
140
124
28
32
19
1,143,956
2,108,088
1,263,603
557,807
297,007
1,862,309
1,540,186
37,244,376
321,766
704,221
624, 469
782,321
343,421
284, 706
480,243
4,877,130
28
Vireinia*
33
49
140
116
16
31
Added area
13
Northern states..
5,207,988
87, 422
2
25, 775, 870
495,751
2
Obio
1,955,050
977, 154
846, 034
395,071
304,766
6,038
191,881
592,004
4,060,204
2,458,502
4, 734, 873
2,398,563
2,067.911
1,737,036
2,218,667
2,944,843
311,712
380,714
1,056,526
1,416,319
7,595,037
96,901
57,505
85,078
15,816
2,542
4,959
12,693
161,234
286
465
6,269
52,003
4,351,126
2
Indiana
Ttlinok
2
2
KfifhiVftn
1
(')
(')
1
87,422
16
5
North Dakota
\^
1
................ ..-..|.. ........
4
1,742,059
1,274,295
73
57
Georgia (western part)
400,910
47,203
426,614
296,718
256.491
154,034
232,193
39,310
342,844
309,878
244,809
58,161
58
83
80
105
96
38
884,287
297,333
1,001,152
641,200
729,612
2,426,609
302,680
367,524
944, 580
3,873,468
691,392
230,730
827,307
907,630
650,804
620, 722
36,853
18,831
366,856
30,264
78
78
83
Mississippi .
142
89
Texas
26
12
Oklahoma
5
Arkansas
i
162, 189
177, .577
47, 100
26
29
(')
39
Western states
1
1
220,283
89,051
529,046
180,207
92,903
272, 405
35,405
154,495
4%, 304
394.. 582
1,402,727
18,790,609
1,523
940
8,570
1.610
1,848
672
134
293
2,514
1,105
11,045
8,028,619
Colorado
1
2
61,359
160
11,330
Arizona
2
Utah
26
w
Nevada
Washington
1,049
12,038
91,035
6,222,418
Oreeon !
(=)
California
Total Jor slave states "
1,272,367
657,538
52
3,204,051
51
43
i Includes District of Columbia.
» Includes West Virginia.
' Less than 1.
'Delaware, Maryland (including District of Columbia), Virginia (including West Virginia), North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Kentucty, Tennessee,
Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Missouri, and Arkansas, . <= . . j . .
There were fewer slaves to every 100 white persons
in 1850 than in 1790 in the United States and in every
state north of North Carolina; but in the other states
of the original area the proportion increased. The
increase was particularly heavy in South Carolina,
where there were nearly twice as many slaves to every
100 of the white population in 1850 as in 1790. In
this state and in Mississippi are found the highest pro-
portions of negroes to whites in 1900.
For the slave states as a whole the number of slaves
to every 100 white persons was slightly smaller in 1850
than in 1790. The proportion was higher in the South-
ern states of the added area than in the group of South-
ern states enumerated at the First Census.
VALUE OF SLAVES.
Statistics relating to slaves in the United States in
1790 would not be complete without reference to the
property value which they represented. Writers upon
this subject have estimated that at the period of taking
the First Census the average price of negroes in the
United States varied from $150 to $200. It must be
remembered that a comparison of values, whether of
slaves, real estate, or other property, at that period
with the present one is comparatively unsatisfactory,
owing to the change which has occurred during the
century in the relative value of money. Such valu-
ations should be considered only in relation to the
STATISTICS OF SLAVES.
141
valuation of other propcrt}' at that period ; or, if they
are considered in terms of money in 1900, not less than
double the figure specified siiould be allowed.
Considered in terms of money values at that period,
the slaves in New England in 1790 had a value of more
than $500,000 and those in the Middle states a value
ofapproximately $7,000,000. Hence about 6 per cent
of the total value of slaves was contributed by the
Northern states.
In view of the large total represented by the preced-
ing computation, there can be no doubt that at the
date or the First Census slaves represented a large pro-
portion (possibly larger than at an}' subsequent period)
of the total property value of the United States.
Upon the basis of an average price of negroes of
$150,' the wealth of the United States in slaves in 1790
was as follows:
' Political Science Quarterly, Vol. XX, pages 264-267.
Table 71. — Number and value of tlava held, by lUiUt and
territoria: 1790.
STATE OB TIBUIOBr.
Number.
Viloa.
United states
007,024
8104. 643. too
3,763
564,480
Maine
187
23,640
Mikvsu'hiLsetU
as8
2,048
4S,210
397,200
Middle states
0.781 SOO
New York
21,193
11,423
3,707
8,887
648,061
3.178,950
1,713.480
886.080
New Jersey
Delaware , ,
1,333,080
97.297.680
103,036
292. <B7
100,783
107,094
29.264
12,430
3,417
18, 488. 400
Vlrtiinla
43.894,080
North Carolina
18,117 480
10,064,100
Georgia
4,389,600
1,864,800
812,880
XV. OCCUPATIONS AND WEALTH.
OCCUPATIONS — OF HEADS OF FAMILIES IN PHILA-
DELPHIA AND SOUTHWARK IN 1790 — IN UNITED
STATES IN 1850 AND 1900 — APPROXIMATE WEALTH
IN 1790 — INDUSTRY AND WEALTH, 1850 AND 1900.
Population change in the United States is closely
connected with national prosperity. Throughout the
century the citizens of the Republic, whether native
or foreign, have continually expanded their enter-
prises, and created and maintained an insistent de-
mand for labor. This in turn, as pointed out by Mal-
thus at the close of the eighteenth century, stimulated
population increase at certain periods, and in many
localities.
OCCUPATIONS.
The character of the occupations in which the people
of a community are engaged affects to some degree the
increase of population, through exerting a direct influ-
ence upon the health, vitality, temperament, and hap-
piness of the active workers. During at least the first
half century of the existence of the Republic, and
possibly longer, the occupations of the people were
conducive to health and industrial independence, and
therefore in general tended to encourage population
increase.
It is unfortunate that none of the earlier censuses
afford any satisfactory returns from which to compute
the number of persons engaged even in the principal
callings. Except for Southwark and part of Phila-
delphia, the schedules of the First Census contain no
information upon this important subject. Such infor-
mation as is presented for these two relates only to
heads of families. The fact that the enumerator, soon
after completmg his work, published a city directory
in which he utilized the information contained upon
the schedules, suggests that the gratuitous information
there shown was obtained with the intention of ulti-
mate use in this directory, rather than for census pur-
poses. After the passage of a century, however, the
Philadelphia and Southwark returns possess some inter-
est, in that they reflect the activities of the metropolis
of the Republic in 1790, as shown by the callings of
heads of households.
Occupations of heads of families in Philadelphia and
Southwark in 1790. — At the First Census the popula-
(1421
tion of Philadelphia and of Southwark was returned
as follows :
CITY.
Heads of
families.
Total
popula-
tion.
4,312
28,522
Northern district (between Vine and Race streets)
Middle district (from the north side ot Chestnut street to
the south side of Race street)
878
1,930
1,504
970
3,938
13, 674
Southern district ( from the south side of Chestnut street to
the north side of South street)
10,910
Southwark
5,663
The occupations of the heads of families were re-
turned for the middle and southern districts, compris-
ing 3,434 heads of families (79.6 per cent of the total
number) and 24,584 population, and for the whole of
Southwark. A classification of the occupations shown
results as follows :
Table 72. — Heads of families in the middle and southern districts of
Philadelphia, and in Southwark, classified according to occupa-
tion: 1790.
OCCUPATION.
All heads of families .
Returned with occupation..
Agricultural pursuits. , .
Professional service
Artists
Attorneys at law
Clergymen
Doctors of physic, surgeons, dentists, etc .
Officials (government)
Schoolmasters and professors
All other professional services
Domestic and personal service .
Middle
and
southern
districts
of Phila-
delphia.
3,434
220
25
11
27
79
71
S
443
Barbers and hairdressers
Boarding and lodging house keepers.
Inn and tavern keepers
Laborers, porters, helpers, etc
Nurses and midlives
Trade and transportation.
Bankers and brokers
Clerks and accountants
Draymen and carters
Uucksters and peddlers
Merchants and dealers
Sea captains, mariners, mates, etc.
59
17
128
239
934
27
20
14
26
779
68
South-
wark.
970
827
35
1
2
4
4
10
14
236
22
200
2
183
1
5
3
1
S7
116
OCCUPATIONS AND WEALTH.
148
Table 72. — HeadB nf families in the middle and southern districts of
Philadelphia, and in Southwark, classified according to occupa-
tion: 1790 — Continued.
Middle
and
southern
South-
districts
wark.
of Phila-
delphia.
Returned with occupation — Continued.
Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits.
Bakers and confectioners ,
Blacksmiths
BrewtTs ,
Bhckmakersand potters ,
Bricklayers
Butchers ,
Cabinetmakers ,
Carpcnlors and joiners:
House
Ship
Clock and watch makers
Coopers
Goldsmiths and silversmiths
Harness and saddle makers
Leather curriers and tanners
Mantuamakers and seamstresses. .
Metal workers
Painters, glaziers, etc
Plasterers
Print ers. bookbinders, etc
Ropemakers
Shoemakers
Stonei'utters
Tailors
Textile workers
Tinmen
Weavers
Wheelwrights
Miscellaneous Industries.
Returned without occupation. . .
' Includes 51 reported as "Rcntleraen."
* Includes 9 reported as " gentlemen."
The above table indicates that about four-fifths of
the heads of famiUes in the two districts of Pliihidelphia
under consideration, and a slightly larger proportion of
those in Southwark, were gainfully employed. The
classification of the 1790 returns available for Phila-
delphia and Southwark under the 5 main occupation
groups employed by the Census results as follows:
PHILADELPHIA.
. SOtrtHWABE.
occcTATioN asot;p.
Heads of
families.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
neadsof
families.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
2,758
loao
827
loao
15
220
443
934
1,146
as
ao
16.1
33 9
41.6
3
35
236
183
370
a4
Professional service. . .
4.2
2a5
Trade and transportation.
22.1
Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits.
44.7
From the proportions indicated for the different
groups, it is clear that Southwark, hke many towns
on the outskirts of lai^e cities at the present time,
included a large proportion of persons who were wage-
earners or followed the humbler callings.
The proportions shown for Philadelphia can not be
compared \vitli the occupation returns secured at
recent censuses, because these include the occupations
of all persons gainfully employed, whether heads of
famiUes or not. The number and proportion of per-
sons above the age of 10 reported in each occupation
group in Pluladelphia in 1900 were as follows •
OEocr.
PZSaoira OAIUFULLT
ZHTLOTKO.
OCCtTTATIOM
Number.
Per coot
disuibu-
tlon.
All occupations
208,821
loao
Agricultural pursuits
s.Ma
I-.:i.7il
1 "-■ .''.2
lii/, 197
1 0
rrofesslonal wrvire
4.9
IJomestiL- and p<^rsonal service.. .
Manutacturinf and medualcal punulu
4&.8
Occupations in the United States in IS50 and 1900. —
The first reasonably complete return of the occupations
of individuals was that of 1850. Some comparisons
can be made of |)roportions shown in that year with
similar proportions in 1900. Even for so brief a period
as the half century which elapsed from 1850 to 1900,
however, comparisons can not be entirely satisfactory.
The activities of the community have been in a state of
continual expansion. While certain occupations, such
as agriculture, have remained the same, or so nearly
the same that comparison can readily be made, other
Unes of activity have changed so greatly as to make
comparisons misleading, and in man}' instances impos-
sible. From j'ear to year new occupations are cre-
ated, drawing some of the activities of the community
from the older callings, and these in turn are surpassed
in importance by others. Thus, even though a stand-
ard occupation, or group of occupations, may have
growTi steadily and perhaps to a remarkable degree,
the proportionate part which it forms of all caUings
may have tended to become less.
In 1850, 90.8 per cent of all white males 15 years
of age and over were gainfully employed; in 1900 the
corresponding percentage was 87.6. The distribution
of tliis element of the population in 5 occupation
groups is as follows:
Table 73. — Number and per cent distribution of white maUi IS
years of age and over engaged in 5 main groups of occupations:
1850 and 19U0.
18W
ISOO
OOCITPATION OBOUP.
Number.
Percent
distribu-
tioo.
Number.
Percent
dislTtbo-
Uoo.
5.210,M7
loao
19,t61,7M
loao
•2,298,870
159,430
978,131
481,741
1,291,875
44.1
3.1
18.8
9.3
24.8
7,195,521
793,180
2.689,133
3, 949, 202
S,354,«a8
a&o
4.0
Domestic and personal servic*
11.4
lt.S
Mauufat tunng and mechanical pur-
X.8
1 Not Including 42,3ro students and cadets and 1 19,459 free oohmd males.
Possibly the most significant fact shown by the
foregoing table is the marked increase during the last
half centurj- in the relative importance of trade and
transportation, at the expense of agricultural pursuits
and of domestic and personal service. While in 1900,
as in 1850, agriculture gave employment to a larger
144
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
number than any other class, the proportion in this
group decreased during the half centuiy.
INDUSTRY AND WEALTH.
No reliable .statistics either of the industry or of the
wealth of the nation at the beginning of Constitutional
Government can be obtained.' Attention has already
been directed, however, to the fact that in 1790 the
population was almost entirely agricultural. More-
over, it has been shown that at the period under con-
sideration urban population was almost a negligible
quantity, and that the variations in social and eco-
nomic conditions were much less marked than they are
to-dav. Hence there is some justification for the
belief that property, limited in amount though it was,
was much more evenly distributed in 1 790 than at the
present time. The total lack of statistics upon this
subject justifies some computation, provided a rea-
sonable basis can be found.
Approximate wealth in 1790. — It has alreadj^ been
shown that in 1790 the, population of the Republic
was engaged principally in agricultural pursuits; in-
deed, it has been estimated that agriculture supported
90 per cent of the people. If it be granted that at
least a very large proportion of the people were so en-
gaged, it may be assumed that in most instances a
dwelling represented a farm, so that the number of
houses must roughly indicate the number of farms, or
of buildings of similar average value in villages and
towns. To this number should be added the business
properties which existed in all fair-sized communities.
The number of dwellings in the United States in
1790 has been established with reasonable accuracy
in a preceding chapter as 464,309. Dr. James Mease
states, in A Picture of Philadelphia, published in 1811,
that in 1790 the city contained 6,'651 dwelling houses
and 415 stores and workshops. It thus appears that
in Philadelphia, at the period of the First Census, the
number of buildings other than dwellings (and the
outhouses connected with or dependent upon dwell-
ings) was equivalent to approximately 7 per cent of
all dwellings. If the proportion here shown for Phila-
delphia be assumed to be correct for the country as a
whole, the entire number of stores, factories, work-
shops, churches, and public buildings was 32,501.
Tliis, added to the number of dwellings, makes a total
of 496,810 buildings, most of wliich, as already sug-
gested, were houses upon farms.
In 1900 the average value of farms was $2,200. If
about one-third of tliis figure, or $700, be accepted as
representing an approximate average value for all
real estate holdings, and to this figure be added the
approximate value of slaves as already established,^
'Mulhall places the aggregate wealth of the United States in
1790 at $620,000,000, divided as follows: Lands, $479 000 000-
houses, etc., $141,000,000.
^ See page 141.
and an allowance for all other values, including farm
animals, the following results appear:
Buildings and real estate $347,767,000
Slaves 104, 643, 600
All other property, including farm animals 100, 000, 000
Total 552, 410, 600
As admitted at the outset, no accurate measure-
ment of the wealth of the nation at the beginning of
Constitutional Government has been or can be made;
but the foregoing analysis serves at least to indicate
that in 1790 the value of all property could not greatly
have exceeded 8500,000,000 according to the stand-
ards of value at that time.
If the total here shown is accepted as representing
a fair approximation of the value existing at the
period under consideration, the per capita value,
based upon the free population shown in 1790, was
$171. It will be remembered, however, that standards
of value at the close of the eighteenth century were
much lower than at the present time, so that in pres-
ent day terms the values above shown would probably
be represented by not less than twice the figures
stated. Hence, if comjjuted according to the stand-
ards of 1900, a total valuation of $552,410,600 in 1790
would represent not less than $1,000,000,000 in 1900,
and a per capita valuation of between $300 and $400.
Upon the basis of wealth as outlined above, the
aggregate and per capita wealth of the United States
in 1790, by specified geographic divisions, was as
follows :
Table Tl. — Aggregate and per capita wealth of the free population,
by geographic divisions: 1790.
GEOGRAPHIC DmSION.
Aggregate.
Per
capita.
United States...
$552,410,600
$170. 92
New England ...
138.731,444
141,320,642
272,368,514
137. 98
145.41
Southern states
217.07
From this computation it appears probable that at
the period of the First Census the per capita wealth of
the free population was greatest in the Southern
states. The known facts undoubtedly serve to sub-
stantiate this conclusion. In the Southern states the
population was comparatively small considering the
area; the farms had become plantations, in connection
with which the value not only of the real property,
improvements, and live stock, but also of slaves,
was to be considered. The leadership of the South
in wealth is further indicated by the fact that in the
Constitutional Convention of 1787 the Southern states
demanded representation according to their free popu-
lation and three-fifths of the number of their slaves,
on the ground that they possessed larger property
interests than the Northern states, so that, if direct
taxes on property were imposed by the Federal
OCCUPATIONS AND WEALTH.
145
Government, they would have to pay larger amounts
in proportion to their representation.
The great wealth which the New England and
Middle states have acquired during the century fol-
lowing the first enumeration has resulted principally
from extraordinary' industrial development. In 1790
the inhabitants of the New England states were
engaged almost exclusively in agriculture; with the
meager agricultural resources existing in that section
it could not be expected that, even with the highest
development, farm values and farm products would
prove proportionately large when compared with those
in portions of the Republic more highly favored by
climate and fertility of soil. Practically the same
conditions prevailed in the Middle states, although
somewhat greater natural resources, and the increased
values resulting from such cities as New York and
Philadelphia, served to make the per capita value of
property slightly greater than that of NeV England.
Comparison of 1S.50 with 1900. — The following table
presents such comparisons as are possible concerning
the material resources of continental United States
and also of the area enumerated in 1790, at the cen-
suses from 1850 to 1900:
Table 75.-C0MPARIS0N OF GROWTH IX AREA, POPULATION, AGRICULTURE, MA.\UF.\CTURE.S \XD N \TIOXAL
WEALTH, FOR THE TOTAL AREA OF COXTIXEXTAL UXITED STATES AXD FOR THE ARE\ ENUMERVTED IN
1790: 1S50 TO 1900. ' ' "
CON-nNENTAL UOTfED STATES.
.\rea enumerated.
Population.
Agriculture.
Manufactures-
value of prtyl-
ucts.
CENSUS TEAR.
Sqaare miles.
Per cent
area enu-
merated In
1790 forms
of total
area enu-
merated
at each
census.
Acres of Im-
proved land.
Value of farm
property.'
National wealth-
value of all prop-
erty.
1850
1,519,170
1,951,520
2,126,290
2,727,454
2,974,159
2,974,159
432,350
174,770
601,164
246,705
27.5
21.4
19.6
15.3
14.0
14.0
23,191,876
31,443.321
38.558,371
50,155,783
62,947,714
76,994,575
8,251,445
7,115.050
11,597,412
12,791,931
13,046,861
113.032.614
163.110.720
188.921.099
284.771.042
357.616.755
414,498,487
50.078.106
25.810,379
95.849.943
72,845,713
56,881,732
13,967,343,580
7,980, 4«. 063
8,944,857,749
•12.180.501.538
•16.082.267.689
20,439,901,164
4,013.149.483
964. 364, 6^0
3.23.5.643. TS9
3.001.766,151
4,357,633,475
11,019, 106,616
1,885.861.678
4.232.325.442
5.369,579.191
9.372.378.843
13,010,036,514
886.7.55,060
2.346.463.766
1.1.37.153.749
4.002.799,652
3,637,657,671
1860
>t7,135,7>0,29B
1870
1880
1890
1900
88,517,306,776
!>.fpn.W..<40
Increase:
1850 to 1860
1860 to 1870
1870 to ISSO
1880 to 1890
1890 to 1900
23,45U,2U578
ABEA ENUMERATED IN 1790.
Population.
Agrloilture.
Uanu factu res— value
of products.
National wealth-
value of all property.
CEKSVS YEAR.
Acres of Improved
land.
Value of farm prop-
erty. '
Number.
Per
cent of
total.
Number.
Per
cent of
total.
Amount.
Per
cent of
total.
Amount.
Per
cent of
total.
Amoaat.
Per
center
total.
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
14,569.584
17.326,157
19.687,504
23.925.639
28,188.321
33,553,630
2.756,573
2. 361.. 347
4.238,135
4,262,682
5,365,309
62.8
55.1
51.6
47.7
44.8
44.2
33.4
33.2
36.5
33.3
41.1
70,223,511
81,933,952
80.672.316
95.001,365
97.236,806
99,947,259
11,710,441
•1,261,636
14,329,049
2,234,440
2,711.454
62.1
50.2
42.7
33.4
27.2
24.1
23.4
(')
14.9
3.1
4.7
12, 613. ,195. 463
4,195,624.9:i9
4. ISfi.fiTli.^fi;!
4.7.1S.167.3'.4
4. K2S. 7SS. 4(VS
5,000.462,719
1.. 582. 029. 476
< 58. 948. 476
601.490.921
90,621,084
171,674,251
65.9
52.5
34.0
38.9
30.0
24.4
39.4
V^.6
2.3
3.9
1835.489.765
1,407,690,264
2,967,465,381
3.559,794,469
5.563,835,986
7,487,459,407
572.200.499
1,559.775.117
592.329.088
2.004.041,517
1,923,623,421
81.2
74.6
70.0
66.3
59.4
67.4
66.0
66.5
52.1
50.1
52.5
•»4.930, 793.981
"9.102.463,876
'14,725.586.812
22,348,012,800
27,632,937,908
40,296,048,530
4,171,669,895
5.623,122.936
7.622.425.988
5.284.925.198
12,063.110.5X2
69.1
56.3
61.2
51.2
1900
Increase :
18.50 to 1860
I860 to IS70
45.5
46.2
71.2
I870tois.so ,
38.9
1880tOlS90
24 7
1890 to 1000
53.9
PER CENT or INCREASE.
Agriculture.
Haoufactares— value
of products—
National wealth—
value of all property—
CENBTS TEAR.
Acres of Improved
land-
Valoe of ftirm prop-
erty-
In total
area.
Inaimenti'
meratedin
1790.
In total
area.
In area enu-
merated In
1790.
Of total
area.
Of area enu-
merated In
1790.
In total
area.
In area enu-
merated In
1790.
In toul
area.
In area enu-
merate<l In
1790.
1850tolS60 ..
35.6
22.6
30.1
25.5
20.7
18.9
13.6
21.5
17.8
19.0
44.3
15.8
50.7
25.6
15.9
16.7
•1.6
17.8
2.4
2.8
101.2
12.1
36.2
32.0
27.1
60.6
•1.4
14.5
1.9
3.S
86.1
124.4
26.9
74.6
38.8
68.6
110.8
20.0
66.3
34.6
128.6
48.9
81.4
49.0
36.1
84.8
186010 1870
61.8
1870tol8S0
61.8
1880 to 1890
21.8
1890 to 1900
4S.8
» The value of farm property Is Included as a part of the national wealth.
' Taxable property only.
' IncludUiK csttmated value of rmnge animals.
* Hccrcase.
146
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
As shown by the table, the growth of the added area
reduced the proportion which the area enumerated in
1790 formed of the total area by approximately one-
half— from two-sevenths in 1850 to one-seventh in
1900. During the same period the proportion which
the population, value of manufactured products, and
national wealth in the original area formed of the cor-
resjjondmg totals for the United States, declined only
about one-tliird. These changes reflect a noteworthy
growth in the original area. On the other hand, the
relative importance of agricultural operations in the
original area, as measured both by the acreage of
improved land and by the value of farm property, was
only one-third as great in 1900 as in 1850 — a fact
which reflects the rapid development of the fertile areas
in the West and Southwest.
Wlien the changes in proportions outlined above are
considered by decades, it is found that the changes in
population, acreage of improved agricultural land,
and value of manufactured products were progressive.
It is significant that the decrease in the relative im-
portance of the original area was more rapid during the
early part of the half century than at its close. Dur-
ing the last decade the proportion of population de-
creased less than 1 per cent and that of manufactures
but 2 per cent, while the proportion of national wealth
showed an increase of 3 per cent. Only in the agri-
cultural operations was a marked decreas estiU evi-
dent in the proportion contributed by the older area
as compared with that of the newer.
The above analysis of proportions shown for the
original area receives further confirmation upon exam-
ining the percentages of increase in Table 75. In
every instance, except for the national wealth in the
decades 1860 to 1870 and 1890 to 1900, the percentage
of increase was higher for the country as a whole —
and hence, obviously for the added area — than for
the original area. Both areas showed marked in-
creases in the value of manufactured products and in
aggregate wealth. In the case of the two items used
as a measure of changes in agriculture, however, the
difference between the two areas is very striking —
the original area showing relatively small increases,
and in one decade, 1860 to 1870, a decrease.
The marked differences in the contributions of
different sections to the national resources are clearly
indicated by the following per capita values :
GEOGRAPHIC DmSION.
VALUE OPFABM
PROPEETY.
VALnEOFMAN-
UFACTURED
PRODUCTS.
AGGREGATE
WEALTH.
18501
1900 =
1830 >
1900 3
18»)i
1900'
Continental United States.
$202.90
$305.94
$52. 12
$194.73
$364.94
$1,324.93
Area enumerated in 1790
304,72
164. 22
65.44
245. 90
386.23
1,323.39
New England and Middle
199.58
215.16
199.47
143.87
208.05
424.63
84.29
27.26
27.00
314.71
97.75
151.89
368.74
421.69
324.90
1,563.99
805.39
Added area
1,326.21
1 Computed on basis of free population.
- Computed on basis of white population.
Discussion of the aggregate wealth of the original
and added areas necessitates some reference to the
value of slaves in 1850. Writers of that period ' esti-
mated the average value per slave, for all ages, at
$400. Accepting this as an approximate figure, the
total value of slaves was $828,336,000 in the original
area and $451,809,600 in the added area, or about
twice as great in the original slave states as in those
erected from territory added after 1790. Out of a
total valuation of the real and personal property in
the slaveholding states amounting to nearly $2,000,-
000,000, the value of slaves formed 43.5 per cent.
If the total wealth of the United States in 1790 (on
the basis of the present standard of values) be accepted
as approximately .$1,000,000,000, the increase from
1790 to 1900 approaches ninetyfold. During the period
mentioned, the population of the United States in-
creased f ourteenfold ; hence, while the population
increased at a rate far in advance of that shown by
any other civilized nation during the same period, the
increase of wealth in the United States far outstripped
that of population.
' The total value of all slaves in 1850 waell, 280,145,600, computed
upon the average value of $400 per head (Hinton Helper: The
Impending Crisis, jjage 306, Table 58, N. Y., 1860). The average
value of boys and girls, men and women between the ages of about
15 and 25, as recorded by Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted (A Journey
in the Seaboard Slave States, page 38), was $739 in Virginia in 1853.
If young children and men and women above the age of 25 be in-
cluded to old age, it is probable that a general average of not more
than 1400, as quoted by Helper, would result.
ENUMERATIONS OF POPULATION
IN NORTH AMERICA
PRIOR TO 1790
GENERAL TABLES.
149
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Table 76. -A GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS OF THE SEVERAL TOWNS IN THE PROVINCE
OF NEW HAMPSUIRE, AS APPEARS BY THE RETURNS OF THE SELECTMEN FROM EACH PLACE, IN THE YEAR
1767.'
NAME OF THE TOWNS.
Unmarried
men from
IGtoCO.
Married
men from
16 to GO.
Boys from
16 years d:
under.
Hon 60
years <i:
above.
Females
unmarried.
Females
married.
llala slaves.
Female
slaves.
Widows.
Total.
75
86
27
35
42
87
30
36
18
31
32
440
37
11
186
54
31
72
27
235
SO
151
24
10
17
15
13
8
16
11
10
12
73
23
28
51
14
9
7
16
36
41
25
46
62
62
58
120
17
18
3
25
66
30
49
81
20
4
104
63
8
110
73
51
27
21
30
9
59
51
35
15
18
49
17
27
37
03
19
48
28
50
99
86
42
98
142
37
64
81
125
56
54
23
31
69
641
75
25
217
95
44
120
68
272
83
241
52
20
21
25
27
15
5
26
2
30
133
49
71
66
20
16
22
9
79
59
39
109
125
107
09
182
45
36
16
41
161
74
75
117
47
12
106
147
50
108
132
68
62
78
43
31
71
73
107
40
47
85
33
20
81
138
50
96
93
58
205
142
82
184
257
79
107
123
299
107
95
36
62
151
900
141
42
347
162
86
195
99
571
146
384
104
36
36
30
50
19
3
16
3
50
245
82
112
84
25
25
36
7
155
105
TO
l.W
1S9
106
119
288
77
65
27
92
272
109
155
223
80
15
272
198
80
289
191'.
98
100
132
93
59
119
92
195
71
73
134
SO
67
154
239
117
162
142
lOO
378
271
138
23
26
12
10
8
30
4
1
2
0
10
61
4
2
39
29
4
40
0
85
21
37
1
271
280
S9
132
156
291
104
92
SO
72
169
1,340
132
49
SOO
220
114
263
100
799
167
507
72
20
37
35
40
20
117
106
47
74
89
144
00
S2
24
31
78
677
75
26
239
119
48
146
68
342
98
202
52
20
22
25
27
IS
5
26
2
30
100
54
■'
08
1
84
70
45
126
126
118
83
198
52
36
IS
47
170
80
92
127
47
12
192
143
SO
190
153
85
63
81
51
38
92
85
116
40
44
97
33
33
81
155
66
105
96
81
214
163
83
8
3
2
1
1
19
0
0
0
9
2
2
1
0
10
0
0
1
20
22
19
4
9
39
4
3
4
805
984
284
428
cot
1,044
365
333
158
227
520
4,406
473
157
1,614
flW
3S4
8«a
3S3
2,380
Rochester
Winchester
Chesterfield
Hinsdale
Plymouth
2
124
0
0
19
1
1
0
0
13
11
28
0
2
63
0
0
9
2
0
0
0
10
8
22
0
7
220
9
2
S8
13
6
»
1
62
22
58
3
Portsmouth
New Durham
Charlestown
Candia
Londonderry . .
Exeter
1,690
Walpole
112
Cornish
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6-
0
0
0
0
133
Alstead
130
Clarmont
157
Marlovv
77
29
Hanover
13
2
40
333
9«
103
149
14
26
39
10
153
180
80
223
204
250
170
407
83
62
3
80
292
178
176
227
79
24
386
269
78
357
295
154
92
134
117
81
192
143
219
66
67
109
SO
74
158
204
130
197
189
127
404
345
140
V2
Canaan
19
::::::::::::!::::::::::
102
Kingston
23
7
3
4
3
1
0
0
1
I
0
1
3
8
999
Swan/y
330
391
430
93
Marlboro' No. 5
1
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
93
Oilsnrn
128
51
6
11
6
16
18
28
15
28
8
0
0
6
18
6
16
12
1
1
38
19
2
31
24
18
3
3
13
7
23
12
10
5
0
16
2
13
18
16
15
10
18
20
21
23
11
0
17
2
11
9
0
14
0
7
4
s
17
4
39
IS
24
13
34
3
2
0
3
18
9
18
20
4
0
42
18
0
34
34
14
3
S
e
s
18
13
14
2
1
5
2
8
13
28
11
2S
16
12
20
33
4
S3I
Newineton
514
271
Rye
736
Concord (formerly Rumford)
753
755
0
13
0
1
0
1
4
1
1
J
0
21
3
0
3
7
1
0
0
6
0
1
4
6
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
1
1
0
3
6
3
2
16
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
11
1
0
1
2
2
0
0
3
0
1
3
6
0
0
2
0
«
1
2
3
0
1
0
3
1
0
SJ9
Newmarket
1,286
2SS
fltevenstown
210
04
2y6
l.OUl
Hawk
488
583
Holies
800
Mile5 Slip, between Holies & No. 1
278
G8
1.232
Parish of Lee
861
268
Cheater
1,180
South Hampton
491
Wilton
455
Bedfoni
Derr>'t"ieM
Atlriri'snn
708
330
3»
557
1*7
Litchfield
• 3.M
.M3
S47
4(11
644
Pelhain
Salem
North Hampton..
5S3
451
1,410
1,064
503
Eppinp
Canterbury
76292—09-
' Provincial Papers of New Hampshire, Vol. Vlt, pages 168 to 170.
-U
> Corrected flgtires.
150
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued.
Table 76 -A GENERVL ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS OF THE SEVERAL TOWNS IN THE PROVINCE
OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, AS APPEARS BY THE RETURNS OF THE SELECTMEN FROM EACH PLACE, IN THE YEAR
1767— Continued.
NAUB OF THE TOWNS.
Unmarried
men from
16 to 60.
Married
men from
16 to 60.
Boys from
16 years &
under.
Men 60
years &
above.
Females
unmarried.
Females
married.
Male slaves.
Female
slaves.
Widows.
Total.
Haverhill
21
12
33
127
26
21
63
31
18
32
14
64
188
43
46
135
65
54
43
18
113
313
76
68
200
98
84
1
1
13
33
4
5
17
8
4
43
18
149
457
71
101
270
121
82
29
12
68
208
50
49
147
65
64
2
0
1
3
0
0
6
2
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
2
49
2
3
18
9
1
172
Orford
75
443
1,381
272
293
858
400
Rindee
298
4,510
17,670
1 12,924
11,160
115,992
1 8, 467
384
249
1,364
1 52, 720
1 Corrected figures.
Table 77.— FREE AND SLAVE POPULATION OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1773.'
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
Total.
Rockingham county.
AUenstown.
Atkinson . . .
Bow
Brentwood .
Candia
Cant<?rbury.
Chichester. .
Chester
Concord
Deerfield
Epping
Epsom
Exeter
East Kingston.
Greenland
Hampstead
Hampton
Hampton Falls.
Hawkes
Kensington
Kingston
Ivondonderry.
Loudon
New Castle...
Newington . . .
Newmarket
Newtown
North Hampton.
Northwood
Nottingham
Pelham
Pembrook.
Plaistow
Poplin *
Portsmouth.
Raymond . . .
Rye
Sandown
South Hampton.
Seabrook
Stratham
Windham
Strafford county. .
Bamstead . . .
Harrington..
Dover
Durham
East Town'.
Oilman ton
Leavilts Town^.
Lee
Madbury
Meredith
Moultonborough. .
New Durham . . . .
Kacliester
Unmarried
men from
10 to 60.
6,263
Married
men from
16 to 60.
8
39
S
78
52
66
29
151
96
68
121
18
129
29
70
58
80
44
25
65
110
228
12
58
46
113
52
47
9
49
49
45
49
35
617
44
69
54
48
77
51
932
12
110
172
108
20
17
73
58
146
111
96
44
229
151
143
225
53
252
54
85
106
120
146
71
107
142
299
36
178
74
96
49
139
95
110
78
83
113
81
67
94
138
56
1,599
26
223
220
138
49
105
20
142
84
23
37
28
46
30
42
23
210
Boys 16
years and
under.
18,334
8,363
132
84
261
182
150
77
355
260
238
406
86
366
93
178
181
203
99
110
182
201
687
58
128
114
341
118
172
58
251
198
176
125
156
189
190
148
96
153
234
120
2,742
1 Provincial Papers of New Hampshire, Vol.
2 Corrected figiares.
41
350
393
266
65
180
30
257
154
57
68
72 I
346 '
X, pages 026 to 636.
Men 60
years and
upwards.
1,538
943
31
1
50
20
16
24
36
21
8
34
41
84
2
24
20
22
24
25
2
14
21
12
23
10
93
11
24
15
18
17
27
18
223
Females
unmarried.
22,228
11,239
49
170
101
365
20O
164
75
453
283
290
571
109
539
118
242
219
291
218
172
265
295
833
54
167
172
435
189
228
77
283
193
186
194
178
1,346
222
259
182
163
166
.•i82
161
3,221
Females
married.
11,887
6,695
Widows.
1,569
1,034
41
397
514
3.36
64
188
34
309
199
64
68
21
87
58
175
112
104
46
261
154
151
246
63
270
72
103
125
151
96
81
141
172
357
38
lOO
77
188
95
116
51
139
114
119
101
91
682
107
132
95
81
103
161
69
1,776
29
223
256
183
105
21
157
107
37
49
42
241
43
12
10
31
4
59
13
20
14
33
22
10
28
23
58
3
22
21
43
18
16
4
19
12
12
17
10
236
12
36
14
17
25
45
14
232
Male
slaves.
64
Female
slaves.
3 Now Danville.
* Now Fremont.
0
0
1
2
s Now Wakefield.
« Now Effingham.
GENERAL TABLES.
151
NEW HAMPSIIIHE-Continue.l.
Table 77.-FREE AND SLAVE POPULATION OP NEW HAMPSHIRE, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1773-Con.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
Unmarried
men from
16 to CO.
Strafford county— Continued.
Sandwich
Somersworth
Sandbornton
WoUborough
nillsborough county
Amherst
Beilford
Bost'jwen
Camden » ,
Derrj-field '
Dunbarton
Dunstii)>le
GoIT.stown
flennlkor
nUUborough
HoUls
llopklnton
Litchfield
Uason
Herrimac
New Almsbury*
New Roston
New Britain *
New Ips^vich
Nottlncham W'st '
Peterborough
Peterborough-Slip
Salisbury
Temple
Weare ,
WUton
Cheshire county
Alstead
Charlestown
Chesterfield
Claremont
Cornish
Croydon
Dublin
Fitjwiliiara
Gilsom ,
Hinsdale
Jaflrey
Keene
Lempsler ,
Limerick '
Marlow
Monadnock, No. 5 •
Monadnock, No. 6*
Newport
Plainfield
Richmond
Rlndce
Savllloi»
fiurry
Swanzey
Unity
Walpole
Westmoreland
WlnchosU^r
Grafton county
Apthorp u
Bath
Camptou
Canaan
Conway
Cockermouth "
Dorchester
New Grantham "
Hanover
Haverhill
N'w lloldemess ••
Lancaster
Lebanon
Lime
New Chester ^
Northumberland
Ortord
Plymouth
Stewartstown i*
Rumney
Thornton
Trecothick"
Wcntworth
100
28
16
Married
men from
16 to 60.
100
54
34
11
2S
26
SI
67
19
16
104
43
28
32
50
10
23
9
48
41
44
7
20
28
39
37
793
24
69
55
41
28
13
16
18
17
23
13
65
11
16
11
17
12
14
32
32
42
8
22
*\
7
48
SO
42
430
' Now Washington.
*Now Manchester.
• Now Warner.
♦ Now Andover.
' Now Hudson.
• Corrected flk'ures.
' Now Stoddard.
• Now Marlborough.
35
140
57
25
2,112
237
62
76
21
30
73
71
101
60
27
180
151
35
77
82
36
61
26
165
88
66
14
70
74
138
91
1,473
37
83
109
66
36
16
45
44
21
28
SO
96
13
43
29
39
23
23
40
112
90
IB
30
74
18
81
109
93
585
Boys 16 I Men 60
years and 1 years and
under. | upwarda.
I
Females
unmarrlul .
64
240 I
104 1
3,683
0
34
3
2
207 ;
61
278
100
43
Females
nurrlcd.
35
161
57
25
2,243
330
121
140
40
77 ;
148
l.'i6
195
93
34
287
297
68
136
129
62
137
36
2:)2
ISO
131
22
111
121
262
168
2,626
13 '
11
66
151
224
121
52
88
32
40
65
Z',7
170
15
.12
148
32
157
206
170
4
46
39
16
39
24
33
12
86
107
45
8
62
53
63
8
60
90
17
01 ,
18 I
16 I
13 1
6
18
11
2
3
18
10
13
4
8
4
6
2
S
14
12
1
S
2
10
7
126
21
1
74
1
55
32
4
48
5
.S9
2
140
11
16
62
2
43
412
49
147
37
92
128
213
237
355
267
95
125
170
59
110
36
277
179
172
23
130
115
280
168
1,812
59
191
220
23
71
53
37
70
92
217
17
49
40
89
27
54
S5
218
166
16
70
164
32
160
198
209
2
36
40
11
37
28
38
17
80
112
41
10
79
71
46
107
19
47
12
18
15
24«
72
90
21
40
78
89
107
62
29
190
156
43
81
38
64
26
139
100
72
14
76
76
147
99
1,568
42
85
120
66
35
16
46
44
22
31
52
105
40
23
23
43
115
log
16
32
85
17
87
117
113
60C
WIdowB.
0
42
2
S
200
Male
slavea.
Female
slaves.
39
TotaL
2M
1,038
asa
186
13,514
1,370
388
504
132
279
464
010
732
338
US
1,103
941
200
403
Bfi3
2U
410
13S
882
SO
614
81
4M
418
884
580
•9,493
• 233
690
747
428
2U
91
2S6
214
•135
220
308
645
«•
215
1S«
275
117
156
275
745
604
72
208
536
108
549
608
«4«
•1,557
14
150
110
02
208
107
m
«o
M3
187
147
17
206
341
179
45
23S
MS
88
113
74
• Now Nelson.
'• .Vow Siinapee.
n Now Dalton.
»Now Oroton.
wNow Oninttiain.
!• Now llaldomoH.
i» Now mil.
>• Including Cookbum and Colbrook.
II Now Ellsworth.
152
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued.
Tarlf 78 -RETURN OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN THE SEVERAL TOWNS AND PLACES IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE, TAKEN BY ORDER OF THE CONVENTION, WITH THE NUMBER OF FIRE ARMS, THE
POWDER, &c.: 1775.'
Males
under 16.
Males
from 16
to 50 not
in the
Array.
Males
above 50.
Persons
in the
Army.
Females.
Negroes
and
Slaves
for life.
Total.
FIRE ASMS
t POWDER
COUNTIEa AND TOWNS.
Fire arms
fit for
use.
Fire arms
wanting.
Public
stock of
Powder.
Powder
ui private
hands.
Rockingham county:
1,013
190
401
618
101
206
214
97
252
169
322
109
129
182
296
206
384
151
268
253
153
114
121
172
120
88
377
110
179
120
129
280
199
232
187
153
250
145
117
39
144
85
90
823
147
273
404
85
146
155
90
183
136
212
92
85
106
151
112
273
91
105
174
97
63
90
122
86
47
242
57
114
87
76
186
124
120
120
92
204
91
187
18
109
.W
85
191
62
86
157
33
47
67
34
58
42
SO
27
35
44
49
40
101
42
26
57
39
29
30
49
33
11
77
15
33
12
26
36
30
19
24
24
26
30
13
7
39
6
9
50
20
51
66
2,373
440
892
1,316
221
442
491
266
622
381
658
259
288
398
539
362
787
339
502
677
335
210
283
413
262
187
793
189
388
219
260
490
331
346
334
274
418
286
197
82
304
155
161
140
3
38
29
9
14
7
39
5
21
17
1
5
3
2
0
3
3
11
4
4
3
2
2
13
0
19
1
7
1
0
14
4
4,690
802
1,741
2,590
449
870
961
532
1,137
759
1,289
498
575
768
1,084
749
1,599
645
= 994
1,100
652
428
540
797
529
350
1,569
387
744
459
604
1,062
723
744
683
552
929
575
»618
149
607
313
349
Portsmouth
192
193
283
63
170
94
80
132
160
183
60
Ix)ndonderry
68"
New-Cttstle
15
27
6
17
10
30
10
33
35
47
29
51
19
22
35
24
9
8
39
15
17
61
16
23
20
13
46
35
27
18
7
30
18
4
1
11
10
3
101
Rye
127
20
35
93'
60
Newington
Strathara
108
33
45
01
66
46
51
104
110
175
80
101
113
122
66
46
100
69
33
31
39
75
58
32
43
71
40
112
15
68
68
28
30
30
63
40
50
71
43
luO
86
31
41
83
17
14
16
13
44
2U
28
68
52
98
46
72
39
103
9
109
48
80
2
1
5
120
62
47
11
74
36
49
68
49
31
51
36
42
2
24
16
36
10
1
Hillsborough county:
343
r,2
162
109
68
215
168
142
135
144
332
162
31
215
164
248
306
268
127
201
117
240
44
91
93
41
138
100
92
77
92
160
102
17
88
98
177
174
246
110
103
67
53
19
33
28
15
21
36
15
23
14
30
17
1
30
27
18
71
26
32
34
15
81
13
17
14
16
10
22
6
25
14
42
26
6
40
20
32
60
42
19
27
9
707
1.36
281
241
142
411
319
242
277
232
519
314
52
325
256
421
640
475
305
348
158
4
10
1
6
4
1
8
1
2
2
1,428
284
585
495
285
831
649
498
S46
497
1,085
623
107
705
569
2 897
1,256
s 1,000
606
713
367
121
39
58
41
0
66
Litchfield
8
65
37
20
28
7
Bedford
0
0
11
20
0
66
47
23
32
46
0
25
Salisbury
Peterborough
56
6
Wifton
72
7
46
47
40
Peterborough-Slip
Dunstable
7
4
1
4
3
13
0
1
42
36
41
73
131
105
79
10
Hollls
92
48
36
0
74
111
87
Merrimack
9}
Lyndeborough
Henniker«
40
0
0
IlUlsliorough
Raby <
148
143
.55
42
78
56
39
20
86
94
37
36
45
38
22
15
12
6
7
8
6
5
5
3
27
18
9
9
fi
3
4
3
227
230
92
82
126
77
60
42
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
501
491
200
177
262
179
130
83
48
66
0
49
6
112
Temple
45
11
Society Land
21
27
12
26
0
0
0
New-Britain '
0
Perry's- Town 6
17
0
Deering
1 New Hampshire nistorical Collections, 1824, Vol. I. (Census incomplete; several towns not reported.)
sCorrected umres.
3 Hillsborough, Antrim, and Hancock wcro joined with Henniker in this enumeration.
* Joined with Mason.
6 Now (1S24) Andover.
« Now (18245 Sutton.
7 Including Duxbury farm.
6 Joined with Sutton In this enumeration.
GENERAL TABLES.
153
NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued.
Table 78.-RETURN OF THE XUMBER OF IN-H.\BITANTS IN THE SEVER.VL TOWXS AKD PLACES IN NEW-
HAMPSHIRE, TAKEN BY ORDER OF THE CONVENTION, WITH THE NUMBER OF FIRE ARMS THE
POWDER, &c.: 1775— Continued.
Males
under 16.
Males
from 16
to SO not
in the
Army.
Males
above 50.
Persons
In the
Army.
Females.
Negroes
and
Slave*
(or life.
Total.
riKE ABII9
A POWDEI.
COiraTIES AND TOWNS.
Flro arnu
at (or
use.
Flmarmt
wanting.
Publle
■took of
I'owder.
Powder
In private
bands.
Strafford county:
Dover
410
286
236
24S
464
238
120
396
164
82
70
35
72
86
23
57
76
81
49
70
57
50
4
168
214
135
213
207
342
185
147
129
245
151
87
303
117
53
50
20
40
70
16
53
61
45
36
50
44
32
6
118
100
106
127
112
74
68
58
36
72
16
12
61
38
4
15
1
7
10
2
4
9
9
7
7
5
2
3
2.5
26
12
23
30
28
57
12
46
23
12
20
26
7
2
6
0
6
4
3
4
4
1
0
10
3
786
593
497
479
848
357
219
759
345
111
144
*4
108
149
39
91
122
109
80
122
83
64
13
316
283
250
a57
3.54
26
25
4
30
3
1
1
3
6
1,666
1,214
9S4
965
1,655
775
459
1,548
677
252
286
100
233
320
83
211
272
245
172
259
190
151
20
647
658
542
758
723
180
222
119
m
200
24
Lee
Somersworth
si
76
SI
i84
99
46
44
Sandbornton
S
206
78
28
27
m
25
20
10
20
36
60
36
Barnstcad
00
Nnw-Durham
1
3
Do. Gore
Middloton
27
4
Eastown >
1
LeavitU-Town >
11
34
31
27
25
30
5
25
2
S
2
2S
Moultonborough
Sandwich
36
10
26
1
Meredith
SO
Campton
Tarn worth '
17
4
72
Gore
2
SO
1
16
Cheshiro county:
20
33
35
38
18
0
2
2
0
2
0
Walpole
21
67
WpstinoH'land
63
68
18
Gilsum
45
83
59
78
158
88
148
88
56
46
37
32
77
37
83
94
54
12.i
79
«
39
34
10
9
8
13
17
9
18
5
6
4
2
7
4
7
0
22
10
1
4
9
1
3
84
136
104
134
303
143
231
141
91
67
67
0
0
0
0
178
309
215
308
594
305
523
317
207
1.57
143
IS
53
23
36
0
0
6
Cornish
33
22
49
20
5
Dublin
1
0
0
0
0
0
GO
18
31
65
8
A Is trad
0
0
26
14
2
Croydon
0
S
Savtlle
is
39
90
14
35
72
4
3
8
3
7
16
29
«2
165
0
0
0
65
146
351
6
13
2S
0
0
Fltiwiliiara »
104
52
75
241
47
43
280
174
97
93
86
66
98
16
35
57
60
77
S2
47
14
17
38
16
26
54
.34
38
155
29
31
143
140
69
83
91
32
108
17
23
61
42
41
28
25
6
15
26
20
26
2
4
7
30
4
4
16
24
9
15
13
5
12
3
2
10
7
4
4
5
2
0
7
2
6
14
13
11
36
6
1
26
31
17
8
2
5
22
3
5
!
11
15
10
5
2
8
0
8
148
83
93
412
77
49
395
387
169
178
155
88
184
28
S3
116
106
104
69
67
20
27
58
19
52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
10
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
322
186
224
874
163
128
860
756
365
382
347
196
434
87
118
252 1
222
237 1
168
144
47
61
137
57
117
26
23
14
86
13
17
56
72
28
10
24
99
5
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
Lempster
18
88
92
0
.5
90
SO
22
Grafton county:
5
6
60
0
48
0
0
38
0
26
45
17
18
30
13
11
177
0
27
31
29
2
0
3
Lyme . ...
0
30
1
8
31
24
6
7
16
IS
14
0
0
0
0
0
Gunthwaite
8
18
7
6
11
0
Alexandria. ,.
IS
25
Northumberland
70
3
79
11
51
20
6
4
18
1
117
37
2
1
273
74 1
40
44
25
0
6
Or^ntbftm
' Now (1824) Wakefield.
> Now (1824) Efflngluun.
' Joined with Swuniey In this enumeration.
154
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued.
TvBLE 78 -RETURN OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN THE SEVERAL TOWNS AND PLACES IN NEW
' HAMPSHIRE, TAKEN BY ORDER OF THE CONVENTION, WITH THE NUMBER OF FIRE ARMS, THE
POWDER, &c.: 1775— Continued.
Males
under 16.
Males
from ir,
to 50 not
in the
Anny.
Males
above 60.
Persons
in the
Army.
Females.
Negroes
and
Slaves
for life.
Total.
FIRE AKM8 ,1: POWCEB.
COtmriES AXI» TOWNS.
Fire arms
fit for
use.
Fire arms
wanting.
Public
stoclc of
Powder.
Powder
in private
hands.
Grafton county— Continued.
14
10
8
5
2
0
1
1
15
13
0
0
40
29
1
3
8
0
0
3
4
41
4
14
is ii
0
0
2
0
1
10
3
3
0
7
1
3
7
6
12
0
5
1
5
2
0
3
Enfield
15
17
1
0
17
0
60
10
7
0
0
1 Joined with Orford.
3 Joined with Piermont in this enumeration.
Table 79.— FREE AND SLAVE POPULATION OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1786.>
[In this census the selectmen of the different towns were directed to ascertain '*the whole number of white and other free citizens, inhabitants of every age, sex, and
conaition, including those bound to servitude for a term of years; and also in a separate column, or class, all other persons not comprehended in the foregoing description,
except Indians not paying taxes."]
COUMTIES AND TOWNS.
•n^hole
number.
Slaves.
Other persons.
Rockingham county:
175
500
959
857
1,767
1,397
1,283
420
1,340
1,692
656
866
569
301
798
822
456
1,172
343
349
575
659
1,015
875
991
698
551
500
4.133
786
653
1,075
521
668
450
894
583
Atlrinsnn
Candia. .
3
2
Chester
Concord
5 ''other persons."
Deerfieid
Epping
Exeter
Greenland
7
Hampton
Hampton Falls
Hawke (Danville)
Kensington
Loudon
Newington
20 blacks.
New Market
2
Newtown
Northfleld
Northwood
North Ilampton
Nottingham
11 negroes.
Pelham
Pembroke
3 blacks
Pittsfleld
Plaistow
Poplin
Portsmouth—" whites"
Raymond
Salem !!!!"..!!.!!!
7'
2 "other persons."
Sandown
Soahrook
13 blacks
9 blades living with their masters.
Total
32,138
4S2
943
1,912
410
289
778
827
968
1,536
605
21
185
1 black.
3Ulsboroiigh county;
Aoworth
Amherst '_'_[[
Andover ] , " [
Antrim '.'.'.','///.['.'.'.'.'.'..'.
Bedford
B osc 0 wen '.'.!".".'.'"."..'.
Charlestown
Chesterfield '..'.
Cornish ■■.........[.....]["['.'. '.
4 negroes.
' Provincial Papers of New Hampshire, Vol. X, page 689.
GENERAL TABLES.
155
NEW HAMPSHIKE— Continued.
Table 79.-FREE AND SLAVE POPULATION OF NEW UAMPSUIRE, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1786-
Continued.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
HlllsboroiiRh county — Continued
Derryfield
Dunbarton
Uunstatile
Duxlmry and Mlle-Sllp
Flshertleld (now Newbury)..
Ooffstown
Ilanewk
ilennlkor
Hollls
Uopklnton
Mason
Merriniack
New Bradford
New Ipswich
New London
Nottingham West
Petprl)orough-SlIp
Peterborough
Rahy
Salisbury
Society Land
Sutton
Temple
Weare
Wilton
Total
Straflord county:
BanLstead
Harrington
Burton
Dover
Durham
Eaton
Effingham
Gihnanton
Lee
Madbury
Meredith
Moultont)orough
New Durham
Rochester
Sanbomton
Sandwich
Tarn worth
Wakefleld
Total
Cheshire county:
Claremont
Croydon
Dublin
FltzwIUIam
Gilsum
Hinsdale
Keene
Lempster.
Marlborough
Marlow
New Grantham
Newport
PackersQeld
Plalnneld
Protectworth
Richmond
Rindcc
Stoddard
Swanzt'y
Unity
Washington
Westmoreland
Wendell
Winchester
Total
Qrafton county:
Alexandria
Bath
Campton
Canaan
Cardigan
Whole
ntunbor.
741
m
140
217
1,048
291
1,421
1,536
092
128
1,049
219
1,010
175
824
262
1,045
157
337
701
1,574
1,001
26,933
74
1,427
1,230
138
54
1,636
956
585
872
400
242
2,453
1,107 I
653
287
505
SlavM.
13,877
914
381
658
870
304
326
1,122
322
618
252
201
552
667
580
127
1,250
759
563
1,000
404
474
1,621
195
1,100
15,160
291
335
307
2S3
80
Other pcTBons.
"other aex's none.'
IS Macks.
4 " black servanK."
I "other peraon."
9 blacks.
2 negroes.
"oooe bound to servitude.'
S Macks.
48
1 negro girl— "cripel."
1 aged gentleman— town charge.
3 blacks.
3 negroes.
48 "transdnt persons."
1 black.
3 blacks.
54
156
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued.
Table 79.-FREE AND SLAVE POPULATION OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 178(^
Continued.
COUNTIES AXD TOWNS.
Gra/ton county— Continued,
(.'ockemiouth
Gunthwiiite
Dorchester
Enfield
Grafton
Hanover
Haverhill
Lancaster
Lebanon
Lyman
Lyme
New Chester
New Holdemess
Orford
Piermont
Plymouth
Rumney
Thornton
Wentworth
Total
Whole
number.
281
152
116
484
350
866
458
102
841
116
490
496
260
363
3S3
528
359
295
168
8,344
Slaves.
Other persons.
4 servants bound out for a term of time.
4 "not comprehended" in other classes.
2 "not included," etc.
12 "not included."
7 transient persons.
5 negroes. 8 transient persons.
3 male negroes.
4 others.
7 other persons.
56
Summary of the census of 1786, iy counties.
Rockingham ,
Straflord
Hillsborough
Cheshire
Grafton
Total..
No. of
towns.
Free in-
habit-
ants.
32, 138
13,877
25,933
15, 160
8,344
95, 452
Others.
185
8
48
6
66
303
Total
population.
32, 344
13.894
25.990
15.173
8,400
95,801
MASSACHUSETTS.
Table 80.— MALE AND FEMALE NEGRO SLAVE POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS:
CENSUS OF 1754.'
NEGRO SLAVES.
COnNTfES AND TOWNS.
NEGRO SLAVES.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
798
424
1,274
Essex county — Continued.
4
4
647
18
38
12
342
13
15
11
989
31
53
23
Middleton
9
9
210
3
12
123
12
Roxbury
Dan vers
21
Weymouth
361
= 17
36
Braintree
20
7
3 10
3
15
13
10
1
4
1
0
6
16
4
1 5
1
4
3
7
0
3
1
1
2
Hull:
Watertown
7
27
33
10
9
9
14
16
7
3
S
7
23
5
S
8
6
S
7
5
12
In the town
Medford . .
34
At ttie lighthouse
15
4
19
16
17
1
7
2
1
8
»35
439
Cambridge
56
MMlfii-Id
15
Milton
14
W mi 1 ham
Wobum
17
Brook! ine
20
Needham
21
Medway
14
Bellingham
Billerioa
8
W ubjule
Chelmsford
'8
Stougiiton
3
3
6
Chelsea
178
122
Sherburne .
3
3
Essex county
Stow
10
3
13
Salem
47
36
83
= 62
50
Ipswich
Newbury
34
16
Weston
8
13
3
2
11
5
10
Lynh-
24
Gloucester
2 61
12
7
"le
6
16
42
Littleton
8
Rowley
10
6
2
1
'15
Salisbvu-y
Wenham
6
2
8
Manchester
1
8
28
5
8
14
Haverhill
2
4
2
1
1
2
4
3
1
1
g
Andover
7
Marblehead
3
4
3
12
3
I
16
2
5
6
28
S
2
Amesbury
Beverly
Acton
1
Bradford [..'.'.WW'.'.'.'.
1 J. H. Benton, jr.: "Early Census Making In Massachusetts, 1643 to 1765," pages 12 to 17.
• Not returned by sex.
GENERAL TABLES.
M AS S ACHUSETTS—Continued .
157
Table 80.
-MALE AND FEMALE NEGRO SLAVE POPLLATIOX OF MASSACnrSETTS, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS-
CENSUS OF 1754— Continued.
COUNTIES AXD TOWNS.
KEOBO SLAVES.
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
KBOBO 8LAVBS.
Male.
Female.
j Total.
Ibto.
Femal*.
ToUl.
Middlesex county— Continued.
Shirlev
P«PP«J«"
1
1
PlyiDouth county— Continued.
Pembroke
Ablngton '
6
3
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
3
la
Lincoln
16
47
3
7
22
3
23
83
Kini^ton
Hanover:
Nathaniel .=!vlvest<-r
David .';to<kl)ri JRC!. Ksq
I
1
1
Lancaster
Mendon
Brookfield
4
'.
1 "
Rev. Mr. Henjoniiu Bass
JobTilJen
Capt. Ktekiel Turner
Oxford
Worcester
Leicester
3
4
5
1
1
4
2
4
! 8
0
3
'3
6
Joshua Bh rstow [
Mat thPw Kstes .'."'"
Caleb Barker
Amos Sylvester
1
2
1
1
Sutton
W est borough
Uxbridee:
Rev. Mr. Webb
4
2
1
4
"
Richard Curtis
1
7
2
Isaac Turner
Halifax
1 10
2
17
4
John Ellcson
Southborouch:
Rev. Mr. Nathan Stone
1
1
2
1
i 7
1
4
8
2
16
B rlstol county
30
22
122
Shrewsburj'
3
6
1
Taunton
'27
Rehoboth
Harvard
Iiartmouth
Swanzey
Freetovvn
ii'
Y
■34
ii
Hard wick
Bolton
f
i'
2
3
A ttleborough
Norton
DIghton '..'..'...'.'.'
7
9
2
i
i'
1
10
is
3
Holden
Easton
Western
Douglass
2
1
3.
Berkley !...!.!!!!!!'.!!;
7
3
0
N. Braintree
Spencer:
2
1
1
1
3
2
12
74
Sherburne
Rev. Mr. Joshua Eaton
1
36
30
56
18
Barnstable
'5
'\
33
22
13
13
5
5
5
4
4
27
Sandwich
8
Yarmouth
Eastham
6
»l
11
■10
Hatfield
1
Northampton
; 1
3
:!
14
Brimfield
7
Blandford
(
1
i[
Tlsburv
Southampton
rhilmark
3
75
4
41
7
South II adley
Greenfield
147
Yorlc
Monta^Oie
1
1 24
II
16
7
14
i7
4
5 '
4
Greenwich
Wells
16
Stockbridge
11
'63
49
>124
B'^rwick
8 il 23
Plj-mouth county
H Iddeford
2
3
2
PI vmouth
1
3
22
21
43
3
1 7
Marshfield:
3
4
1
1
.N'cwcastle
1 1
Kcnelm AVinsIow, Esq
2
M.iOS
2
3
1
1
1
2
8S6 Ml.TU
1.274
798 '
178
210 ,
47
S6
'63 1
30;
424 1
122 430
1
Middlesex countv
133 361
• 1
22 88
3
I
1
1 "18
riampsliin* county
18 : 74
4» >134
Widow Jnde Clift
Bristol county
22
122
7
... .
•2.'-.
Bamstablf county
36
3
n
30
4
76
112
7
Rochester
York county
147
' Not returned by sex.
• Corrected figures.
'lDc]udea352 not n'tumed hy i»x.
158
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
MASSACETDSETTS— Continued.
MASSACHUSETTS (INCLUDING MAINE): CENSUS OF 1784.'
n _ i.i.,i™ .ho fot.1 n.imhpr nf nnlk hv 4 Dr Felt comDUtes the population of Massachusetts in 1784 at 310,968, and that of Maine at 55,216. Dr.
CiSr.w''Zu'D''l'vTnloSv Ihe^'aSSSer ol°ra?ea"ble Lli noi SeabU, p^oUs by 4i^Etains for the population of Massachusetts 346,653, and for Maine 61,406.
Chlckering. by multiplying only the number
Recapitulation.
Barnstable
Berkshire..
Bristol
Dukes
Essex
Hampshire
Middlesex.
Nantucket .
Pljrmouth.
Suffolk
MT7UBER OF POLLS.'
Rateable and not
rateable.
3,148
5,892
6,197
718
11,023
11,497
9,691
S13
6,425
9,367
Supported
by the
town.
15
83
4
115
34
76
21
47
139
cotraTiE.s.
Worcester
Cumberland '.
Lincoln 3
York 3
NtJMBER OF POLLS.'
Rateable and not
rateable.
12,263
3,708
5,071
4,944
90,757
789
91,546X4=366,184
Supported
by the '
towu.
35
46
789
'Collections of the Am. Stat. .Association, vol. 1. page 170. 2 Includes all male persons between 16 and 100 years of age. > In the district of Maine.
Table 81.-WHITE, NEGRO, INDIAN, AND FRENCH NEUTRAL POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS, BY COUNTIES
AND TOWNS; CENSUS OF 1764.'
Houses.
Families.
■(^WTTPS
irwrn^R
WHITES
ABOVE
NEGROES 4
FRENCH NEUTRALS.
COUNTIES AND TO'Wl'13.
16 YEARS.
16 YEARS.
MULATTOES.
Under 16 years.
Above 16 years.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male,
Male.
Fe-
male.
Suffolk county:
Boston
1,676
212
204
124
327
203
375
31
265
239
113
293
123
72
129
53
54
100
2,069
212
245
141
357
248
426
33
424
309
121
347
1.38
82
168
53
70
106
4,109
291
292
215
571
275
594
31
593
417
111
464
165
119
209
68
110
188
4,010
324
284
222
590
294
539
27
555
441
126
463
178
111
226
62
85
177
2,941
371
343
214
555
315
555
39
567
484
176
514
215
116
246
97
99
207
3,612
421
404
245
651
347
702
57
580
531
211
551
210
108
250
93
125
209
510
47
23
31
31
13
38
9
9
21
3
18
10
8
8
13
20
2
301
33
14
16
35
14
39
7
17
15
1
12
7
21
16
15,520
1
3
1
1
1,493
1,360
2
1
1
3
s
i
3
948
1
1
2,445
1,258
7
11
9
12
2,506
HulT
170
9
3
2
1
1
10
3
4
2,340
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
1,919
Medfield
639
2,030
Med way
793
462
Needham
6
5
13
2
945
338
Chelsea
452
Walpole
1
3
3
792
Total
4,593
509
2S8
531
401
357
519
275
300
307
239
201
304
404
105
128
242
173
72
83
103
158
5,549
923
381
670
489
546
935
3SS
438
404
290
240
350
677
130
149
264
192
95
97
155
158
8,822
884
458
791
622
613
1,189
489
533
495
222
280
494
865
160
200
351
257
125
125
■ 159
250
8,714
985
468
801
605
566
1,031
481
558
482
329
322
409
841
141
194
366
238
120
121
103
194
8,054
1,050
501
931
819
739
1,199
531
565
472
411
354
605
887
183
220
389
281
120
140
183
247
9,307
1,335
634
1,119
872
837
1,435
648
700
635
493
366
487
1,061
219
227
444
384
166
100
203
239
814
117
37
60
21
35
71
31
56
37
11
5
13
57
12
5
8
9
13
14
10
2
537
56
35
40
17
29
29
18
30
42
11
2
12
52
4
S
9
6
15
21
13
38
34
17
8
2
6
1
15
24
3
8
6
1
11
23
13
5
7
1
14
26
18
3
9
1
23
36, 410
4,469
Essex county:
Salem
Dan vers
Ipswich
Newbury
2 960
Newbyport
2,882
4,954
2,208
2 402
Marblehead * . .
Lynn
3
7
5
7
1
3
2
1
4
2
4
1
3
5
1
4
4
3
Andover
Beverly
1
Rowley
2
4
3
1
1 481
Salisbury
3
3
1
1 344
naverhill
1,992
3,772
719
Glocester
Topsfield
Boxford
851
Almsbury
1 567
Bradford
2
2
1
1
1,181
564
Wenham
3
2
Middleton
581
1
i'
1
4
1
1
739
933
Methuen
Total
7,971
2.57
375
117
287
9,562
311
369
172
365
335
9,475
286
392
136
314
389
10,727
374
486
179
373
381
12,664
510
648
105
424
432
624
47
84
5
20
15
446
43
52
6
19
12
5
3
52
2
2
57
2
2
59
4
6
77
3
7
43,761
1,582
2,048
693
Middlesex county:
Cambridge
Charlestown
237
289
103
228
Watertown
Wobura
1,515
1,564
' Early Census Making in Massachusetts 1643 to 1765. Corrections in additions have been made where necessary.
GENERAL TABLES.
MASSACHUSETTS— Continued.
159
Table 81.-WHITE, NEGRO, INDIAN, AND FRENCH NEUTRAL POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS BY COUNTIES
AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 17G4-Continued.
Houses.
Families.
WHITES
UNDER
i
WHITEa
AilOVE
NEOBOES A
ISOIANS.
' rBKHCO HEimAIil.
COUNTIES AND TOWN3.
■ULATTOEa.
Under 16 yean.
Above 1« yean.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Middlesex county— Continued.
174
263
183
189
205
126
133
106
224
144
105
104
122
135
143
94
94
174
41
121
94
54
222
316
213
223
234
142
176
113
296
174
126
147
143
154
169
107
97
242
72
135
97
59
91
304
316
322
348
10
I 1*
'I
U
20
7
4
26
27
10
29
8
9
5
8
6
8
4
6
4
14
10
7
12
11
6
U
18
4
8
9
21
8
18
9
7
7
6
4
7
2
3
4
18
14
1
i-
1
1.308
Marlboro
1 307 255
312 235
. 325 302
; 210 189
224 '^''^
436 471
348 , 3.K
313 300
306 347
228 241
246 304
156 1 187
400 1 422
230 , 289
196 ; 184
........
1,773
1.287
Framingham
LcjtinRton
Chelmsforxl
i
i'
i'
i'
i
1,234
1,313
912
Shorbora
Reading
172
; 335
206
' 195
161
1 100
140
339
210
176
150
175
i'
1
i'
1
3
i'
3
1
i'
1
1,012
073
1,537
Maiden
4
Weston
768
Littleton
212
223
233
169
164
340
90
194
137
77
99
^^23
209
271
269
174
174
358
110
204
136
98
122
2
790
773
1,027
902
663
llopklniston
1 242 . 274
231 217
1
Westford
Waltham
145
166
365
122
196
166
56
109
162
159
365
102
191
151
77
120
Wilmington
C73
1.443
430
794
688
340
Oroton
. .
Shirley
Ston
Townsend
Stonehain
Natlck
71
13
24
Draciit
Bedford
67
84
103
103
96
90
117
72
99
147
115
lOO
98
130
101
153
191
; 168
1 142
140
193
iie
170
198
170
147
122
200
100
145
184
183
160
13S
188
124
153
203
176
159
143
172
9
20
2
6
1
9
1
7
6
3
3
2
7
3
447
646
Lincoln
Tewksbury
Ilolliston
705
Acton
f,|l
Dunstable
1
Pepperrell
Total
■4,860
404
188
66
133
89
96
126
191
85
45
49
60
121
90
68
57
62
68
74
100
61
45
74
30
38
36
66
74
15 810
477
203
76
142
99
104
132
195
123
58
64
60
130
91
69
67
69
68
88
123
68
48
76
30
40
36
69
82
7,771
641
314
92
193
125
167
192
341
188
106
97
105
198
142
107
87
99
116
123
197
112
76
127
39
56
67
76
119
7,587
608
285
100
213
127
160
177
328
157
79
99
97
161
130
79
87
87
90
110
149
99
65
122
41
68
43
98
118
8,218
697
341
117
202
160
150
204
318
193
95
95
103
207
161
101
84
99
99
133
180
99
74
109
46
54
51
82
129
9,196
770
334
127
209
151
162
209
296
182
87
100
104
203
147
95
111
89
99
140
152
108
82
126
35
63
40
73
123
485
27
6
1
375
12
6
16
29
9
11
17
18
33,732
2,755
Hampshire county:
SprinRneld
Northampton
1,285
437
Southadley
817
13
6
14
23
U
1
3'
2
2
3
2
1
1
2
3
7
1
7
18
6
673
646
Hatfield
2
4
3
4
816
Westfield
1,324
Decrfield . .
737
368
1
3
2
2
4
392
Northfield
415
Brimfleld
773
South Brimfield
574
388
371
375
1
408
Palmer
508
1
682
418
Col rain
297
1
■545
161
231
Koxbury('anady,or Warwick
181
1
1
330
Wllbraham
1
«1
Huntstown
2,586
204
301
294
1
2,887
229
328
370
336
283
223
211
181
126
4,292
376
514
658
466
493
367
283
278
160
275
3.977
350
421
497
425
412
319
308
218
161
■4.423
370
505
510
441
439
339
305
277
184
4,407
357
532
555
497
452
360
304
324
216
121
11
12
6
6
10
7
6
4
6
73
6
14
11
4
6
8
7
6
6
3
4
3
4
■17.305
Worcester county:
Worcester
4
1
6
1,478
1,998
Sutton
i'
a'
i'
i
2,137
1,MS
Brookfleld 1 267
1,811
•
1.401
UxbridEQ
186
1,213
Westborough
163
110
i
S
731
Southboro
1,090
Rutland
166 IHZ 1
I Collected flgona.
160
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 81.
MASSACHUSETTS— Continued.
-WHITE, NEGRO, INDIAN, AND FRENCH NEUTRAL POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS, BY COUNTIES
AND TOWNS; CENSUS OF 1764— Continued.
Houses.
Families.
NEGROES 4
MULATTOES.
INDIANS.
FRENCH NEUTRALS.
CODNTIES AND TOWNS.
16 VEAKS.
16 TEARS.
Under 16 years.
Above 16 years.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Uale.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Worcester county— Continued.
118
128
114
119
100
94
41
145
145
136
153
109
94
104
62
92
90
153
118
148
124
146
111
98
41
175
155
136
161
109
104
107
75
100
97
173
187
247
191
187
174
132
73
220
234
212
259
178
158
186
161
138
142
276
192
206
164
170
173
146
78
136
225
240
256
175
159
199
116
148
139
270
177
214
196
210
160
152
60
237
225
218
239
193
135
173
109
155
111
272
159
217
188
196
152
141
58
221
239
219
251
196
157
180
107
138
129
296
10
4
1
4
2
2
1
6
1
3
3
5
3
2
1
3
9
2
734
890
1
i
741
3
3
1
770
664
594
270
2
1
1
2'
2
3
1
1
821
1
1
6
i
1
i
1
933
2
1
6
1
1
8
899
1,010
763
3
2
619
743
Halden
495
Western
583
621
7
5
1.126
Dudley
100
65
86
41
57
43
115
64
86
60
55
43
202
95
133
88
82
70
186
84
108
81
65
66
166
88
112
103
72
61
145
81
113
85
66
60
3
6
707
348
466
Athol
2
359
284
Fitchburgh
1
1
259
Total
14,563
256
571
498
348
272
210
154
150
186
110
174
85
67
5,070
373
630
577
431
326
283
197
168
232
131
217
97
81
7,815
488
964
855
516
470
315
238
287
352
194
323
122
123
7,137
475
932
841
520
442
290
220
218
236
162
308
130
119
7,488
532
910
804
603
485
357
273
274
328
196
300
127
116
7,663
605
1,042
880
742
620
425
311
328
362
196
311
166
140
138
38
46
17
55
12
14
3
26
9
6
11
I
114
39
49
15
52
10
8
5
15
3
5
10
S
3
15
23
8
8
4
10
7
1
1
7
19
25
16
18
9
27
21
6
4
13
4
3
8
7
2
9
7
9
3
5
7
5
30, 412
Plymouth county:
Pl>Tnouth
2,246
3,990
Middleboro' :
3,438
Scituate
2,501
Rochester
1
5
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
5
3
1
4
4
1
6
1 985
1,446
Duxborg'
1,061
1,159
Marshfield
2
3
4
i'
k'ing^tnn
774
1,263
657
Haintax
6"
1
10
Wareham
619
Hanover
1
*
Total...'
3,071
325
255
200
235
182
129
145
107
105
82
3,743
361
295
245
283
237
157
182
134
127
85
5,247
474
400
313
398
292
243
266
225
145
23
4,893
432
405
317
386
267
217
266
230
153
19
5,305
524
427
346
420
342
216
266
241
173
16
6,028
622
486
368
454
416
227
234
222
202
20
243
36
11
18
12
6
9
19
3
4
18
219
20
11
14
11
6
S
12
3
1
13
75
6
12
30
36
1
3
35
148
7
19
43
66
3
8
27
1
26
6
3
16
6
2
26
3
3
31
2
1
22,266
2,138
1,780
1,449
Barnstable county:
Yarmouth
Sandwich
Harwich
Eastham
1 331
Wellflect
Falmouth
1 126
Truro
1
925
Chatham
Mashpee
101
129
338
Total
1,765
397
679
498
12,106
493
790
617
2 779 ' "^ *^09
2,970
678
1,129
818
3,260
734
1,248
954
136
26
37
28
96
29
24
25
223
1
35
1
293
8
40
5
9
8
6
3
12,464
2,744
4,581
3,696
Bristol county:
Taunton
651
1,103
964
617
965
901
Dartmouth
Rehoboth
Swanzey
Attleboro'
266
295
148
134
100
94
301
343
198
154
109
110
461
477
276
219
170
166
419
447
269
172
146
153
422
460
273
222
181
150
422
528
297
220
184
181
13
19
31
2
3
6
2
11
28
2
3
4
Norton
Dighton
2
2
1
3
Raynham
1
1
2
3
694
Berkley
2
Total
2,611
272
288
222
219
3,115
397
372
364
251
4,486
496
489
664
4,089
486
490
652
4,333
568
551
567
363
4,768
671
766
547
357
165
36
31
20
21
128
20
31
24
13
41
69
1
6
3
1
5
3
2
4
2
3
6
2
Vork county:
York
2,298
2,368
2,374
Kittery
Berwick
427 3S2
3
i
i
i
1,569
1 Corrected figures.
Tabie 81.
GENERAL TABLES.
MASSACHUSETTS— Continued.
161
-^TIITE, NEGRO, INDIAN, AND FRENCH NEUTRAL POPULATION OF MASSACHUSETTS BY COUNTIES
AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1764-Continued.
Families.
WHITES ITKDER
16 YEAKS.
WHITES ABOVE
16 YEARS.
!
HEOKOES t
1
rSKHCU NEtrrBAM.
;
COUNTIE3 AND TOWNS. IloUSeS.
UULATTOZ3.
I.SOUNS.
Under 16 yean.
Above 16 yean.
Total.
Uale.
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Male.
1
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Mala.
1
Fe-
male.
Male.
Fe-
male.
York counly— Continued.
Arundel
Blddeford
Pepperelboro
Narragansct No. 1
1
1 124
87
66
138
116
96
216
182
140
228
186
126
190
178
145
II
194 i 2
179 ;: 8
125 !| 2
3
14
1
1
' 1
1
3
1
1
2
1 ^
540
Total
1,278
160
1,734
585
2,614
969
251
353
224
139
2,450
918
277
281
224
114
2,562
964
278
319
188
149
2,839
875
255
304
186
98
120
30
8
10
4
3
105
14
10
5
10
1
14
2
13
7
11
11
4
10,738
Cum Borland county;
3,783
1,079
1,273
836
Scarborough
Harps well
' 200 1 210
65 ; 111
73 ' 73
Brunswick
Oorhara
Windham
Pearson town
504
Total
Lincoln county:
Pownalboro'
Georgetown
Newcastle
Topsham
642
161
180
69
54
1,167
175
184
69
52
1,936
210
388
127
78
1,814
223
325 ;
117
85
1,888
225
317
100
85
1,718
232
287
109
78
55
6
8
1
1
40
3
4
2
7
4
7,474
899
1,329
454
327
Bowdoinham
Total
38
566
128
90
110
37
580
i
150
114
100
63
982
234
152
165
53;
913
209
156
166
59
878
233
159
226
44i
847
248
179
233
i'
17
12
9
4
7
8
8
5
415
220
3,644
1,030
851
Dukos county:
Kfltjurtown
Chilnuirk
Tisbury
37
72
15
49
116
24
Total
328
413
87
126
66
51
39
364
602
91
172
69
55
70
551
776
127
250
126
95
110
531
758
121
276
93
85
114
618
904
149
272
105
77
105
660
882
134
249
81
66
89
25
24
9
16
2
2
6
21
20
10
10
2
124
83
189
66
2,719
3,526
550
1,073
400
325
428
Nantucket county:
Sherburne
13
Beiks county:
Great Harrington
SheDield
Sandlsfidd
1
Tyringham
1
PlttsQeld
*
.........^. .......
Egremont
!• 1
Stockbridge
34
34
50
46
64
57
16
12
108
113
1
485
New Marlboro
1 "" '
No.4
1
Total
403
31,707
491
43,483
758 1 735
772
53,752
676
59,501
50
2,824
.38
2,007 ;
1
108
728
113
953
3.250
223,841
Total lor colony ;
52,859
50,588
133 128
141
167
Summary of white, negro, Indian, and French neutral population of Massachusetts, hy counties: census of 1764.
Houses.
Families.
WHITES.
KEOROE3 AND
I.NOL\.-.W.
FRENCH NEirrlULS.
COUNTIES.
Under 16 years.
Above 16 yean.
UULATTOES.
Under 16 yean.
Above 16 yean.
Total
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Mole.
Female.
Male.
Female.
31,707
43,483
52.859
50,588
53.752
59.501
2,824
2.067
728
953
133
128
141
167
223.841
1
Barnstable. . .
1,765
403
2,611
328
5.759
2,586
5,618
413
3.071
4.593
4,560
2,286
491
3,115
364
7,971
2,867
11,425
602
3.743
5,549
5,070
2,779
758
4.486
551
9,562
4,292
7,771
776
5.247
8. 822
7,815
2,692
735
4.089
531
9.475
3,977
7,587
7.'a
4.R93
8.714
7,137
2,970
772
4,333
618
10.727
4,363
8,218
904
5.305
8.054
7,488
3,250
676
4,768
660
12.664
4,407
9,196 '
882
6.028
9.307
7,663 1
135
60
165
25
024
121
485
24
243
814
138
96
38
128
21
446
73
375
20
219
.M7 ,
114
223
108
41
124
5
293
113
59
189
3
9
8
•
S
12,464
Berks
3.250
Bristol
1
1
2
3
18.076
Dukes
2.719
Essex
62
2
9
13
26
17
57
4
11
59
2
17
77
4
18
43.751
17,245
Middlesex
16
83
75
38
l.'j
IB
6«
148 ;
34 '
!9
33.732
Nantucket
3.526
16
24
25
2)
7
31
26
23.256
Suffolk
38.410
Worcester
4 7
30.412
_
162 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
MASSACHUSETTS— Continued.
Sumrmrn, of white, negro, Indian, and French neutral population of Mmne, by counties: census of 1764.
Houses.
Families.
WHITES.
FBENCH NEUTRALS.
Total
popula-
tion.
COUNTIES.
Under 16 years.
Abore 16 years.
MTJLATTOES.
Under 16 years.
Above 16 years.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
2,486
3,481
5,532
1,936
982
2,614
5,177
1,814
913
2,450
5,338
1,898
878
2,662
5,404
1,718
847
2,839
192
152
16
20
11
15
21,857
642
566
1,278
1,167
580
1,734
55
17
120
40
7
105
2
7
4
7,474
3,644
ii
13
11
11
10,739
York
—
RHODE ISLAND.
Table 82 -A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF FREEMEN AND MILITIA, WITH THE SERVANTS, WHITE AND BLACK, IN
ThIr^SiVE TOWNS; AS ALSO THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN HER MAJESTY'S .COLONY OF
RHODE ISLAND, &c., DECEMBER THE 5TH, 1708.'
TO WHS.
Freemen.
MUitia.
White
Servants.
Black
Servants.
Total No.
of
inhabitants.
Newport
Providence
Portsmouth
Warwick
Westerly
190
241
98
80
95
38
200
33
40
358
283
104
95
100
47
282
28
65
20
6
8
4
5
220
7
40
10
20
6
85
32
6
2,203
1,446
628
480
570
208
New Shoreham
1,200
9
3
206
1,015
1,362
55
426
7,181
' Rhode Island Colonial Records, vol. 4, page 69.
It is to beunderstood that all men within this colony. from the age of sixteen to the age ofsixty years, are ofthe militia, so that aU freemen above and under said ages
'"''''ififtl^^tet^lTdirZ^'^nht^r^^X^^^^ givean exact account, by reason therewas no list ever taken before
this (the militia excepted), which hath increased since the 14th of February, 1704-5 (at which time a list was returned to your Lordships) the number of 287.
^ SAMUEL CRANSTON, Governor.
Newport, on Rhode Island, December the Sth. 1708.
Table 83.— WHITE, NEGRO, AND INDIAN POPULATION OF RHODE ISLAND: 1748.'
TOWNS.
Whites.
Negroes.
Indians.
TOWNS.
Whites.
Negroes.
Indians.
15,302
1,648
985
1,620
1,875
965
1,149
222
250
56
165
333
40
80
20
250
65
3,843
3,707
643
1,028
649
128
100
77
148
81
70
73
225
East-Oreenwich
34
Jamestown
19
20
1 Callender's Historical Discourse, page 94.
Table 84.— WHITE, NEGRO, AND INDIAN POPULATION OF THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND, ACCORDING TO THE
OFFICIAL CENSUS OF 1774.'
Families.
WHITES.
Total
whites.
Indians.
Blacks.
TOWNS.
Males.
Females.
Total of
each town.
Above 16.
Under 16.
Above 16.
Under Ifi.
Total
9,460
14,032
12,731
15,349
12,348
54,460
1,479
3,668
5 59,607
1,590
655
220
353
257
76
275
361
304
69
2,100
1,219
343
569
421
109
416
638
550
110
1,558
850
341
512
441
119
345
497
554
90
2,624
1,049
400
615
443
121
464
595
597
118
1,635
832
285
466
401
120
338
.552
484
82
7,917
3,950
1,369
2,161
1,706
1 469
t 1,563
2,182
2,185
400
46
68
21
88
37
51
31
79
210
32
1,246
303
122
89
69
55
69
211
440
131
9,209
4,321
Portsmouth
1,512
32,338
1,812
575
1,663
North Kingstown
2,472
South Kingstown . .
2,835
Jamestown
563
1 Census of Rhode Island, 1774 (printed in detail with the names of all heads of families In 1858), page 239.
! Corrected figures.
GENERAL TABLES.
163
RHODE ISLAND— Continued.
Tablb 84.-WHITE, NEGRO, AND INDIAN POPULATION OK THE COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND, ACCORDING TO THE
OFFICIAL CENSUS OF 1774— Conlinu...!
Smithfleld
Scituate
Glot.«ster
West Greenwich..
Chorlestown
Coventry
Exeter
Middletown
Bristol
Tiverton
Warren
Little Compton...
Richmond
Cumberland
Cranston
Jlopkinton
Johnston
North Providence
Harrington
Families.
476
564
525
304
307
274
280
123
197
168
218
189
264
340
299
167
138
91
Hales.
Above 10.
742
909
743
429
312
474
441
210
272
418
237
304
286
400
476
427
242
193
142
Dnder 16.
60S
879
724
395
315
555
415
179
232
500
251
254
316
408
420
227
172
118
Females.
Above 16. Under 16.
933 I
740
465
350 I
493
478
259
319
438
255
382
324
478
SI 7
477
254
230
638
817
719
456
264
470
446
156
256
434
185
220
287
450
390
415
234
197
UO
Total
whltci.
2,814
3,538
2,926
1,746
1,241
1,992
1,780
804
1,079
1,790
1,160
1,213
1,730 I
1,782
1,739
957
792
fi42
Blacki.
20
67
95
**
tl
24
17
00 '
48 I
65 I
i> I
41
I Toulor
Mch town.
2,888
3,601
2,»4S
1,704
1,821
2,023
1,864
881
1,209
1,956
97«
1,232
l,2S7
t,7S6
1,861
1,808
1,031
830
aoi
Table 85 — POPULATION OF RHODE ISLAND AT DIFFERENT DATES, FROM 1708 TO 1860, INCLUSIVE, BY
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.'
COUKTIES AND TOWNS.
Dateot
Incorpo-
ration or
setUe-
ment.
1706
1780
1748
17S5
1774
1776
1782
1790
1800
1810
1820
18W
1840
18M
I8W
State total
1636
1747
1T?0
1747
1747
1750
1741
1677
1741
1643
1703
1856
1678
1747
1743
1639
1672
1638
1747
1703
1806
1754
1747
1862
1781
1731
1759
1765
1862
1731
1731
1636
1729
1738
1743
1757
1674
1723
1747
1689
7,181
17,935
32,773
40,414
59,707
65,011
52,347
68,825
69,122
77,081
83,059
97,210
106,830
147,545
174,020
1,749
2,005
2,789
2,610
2,471
3,211
3,801
6,072
6,037
5,446
6,476
8,514
8,907
Barrington
601
1,209
979
7,888
538
1,067
1,005
7,993
534
1,032
905
7,526
683
1,406
1,122
8,848
650
1.678
1,473
8,487
604
2,693
1,776
9,834
634
3,197
1,806
10,228
612
3,034
1,800
12,788
549
3,490
2,437
13,063
796
4,616
3,103
15,068
1,000
1,069
680
4,384
1,080
925
5,502
5,271
2,836
£8nt county
720
2,401
17,303
792
1,044
766
1,782
11,092
1,178
1,10-
1,246
1,911
12,284
2.023
1,663
1,764
2,438
15,928
2,300
1,664
1,653
2,376
11,699
2,107
1,609
1,698
2,112
11,677
2,477
1,824
2,054
2,493
14,300
2,423
1,775
1,757
2,532
14,845
2,928
1,530
1,619
3,757
16,294
3,139
1,519
1,927
3,643
15,771
3,851
1,591
1,817
5,529
16,636
3,433
1,509
1,415
6,726
16,874
3,630
2.358
1.350
7.740
20,007
4,247
240
1,223
2,882
1,258
Warwick
480
3,245
1,178
6,064
8,916
Newport county
21,896
Fall Rivpr
3,377
JamestowD
206
321
420
1,152
680
6,508
300
992
1,040
3,690
S17
1,170
778
6,753
378
1,303
1,325
7,788
563
1,232
881
9,209
675
1,512
1,956
14,912
322
1,302
860
5,299
478
1.347
2,091
14,124
345
1,341
674
5,530
478
1.350
1,959
13,230
507
1,542
840
6,716
682
1,560
2,453
18,011
601
1,677
913
6,739
714
1,681
2,717
18.240
504
1,653
976
7.907
722
1,795
2,837
20,798
448
1,580
949
7,319
955
l.WS
2,875
23,969
415
1,378
915
8,010
1,185
1,727
2,905
30.184
366
1,327
891
8,333
1,009
1,706
3.183
34.901
358
1,462
830
9,563
1.262
1.833
4.699
40.013
400
1,304
Middle town
1,013
2,203
208
628
4,640
290
813
10,508
New Shoreham
1.320
Providence county (towns)
57,133
Bumllville
1,834
2,161
2,210
2,104
2,274
2,653
2.196
2,662
3,675
1,982
2,901
6,225
3.638
4.311
6,661
4,140
1,460
1,083
1,861
1,756
1,701
1,686
1,688
1,548
i,S77
1,964
i,644
2,056
806
i,763
2,791
996
696
2,268
4,026
1,320
1,071
2,457
4,009
1,364
1,067
2.6i3
2.310
1,616
1,758
2.966
2,504
1,542
2,420
2,521
2,116
3,508
2,304
2,477
4.207
2.872
2,937
7,680
2,427
Glocest^r
1,202
1,511
2,945
1,031
830
2,832
1,022
813
3,440
11,818
North Providence
Pawtucket
■"i,'232'
450
3,452
8,406
1,813
1,921
3,159
9,676
3,601
2,888
4,321
13,869
3,280
2,781
4,355
14,230
1,628
2,217
4,310
13,133
2,3IS
3,171
6,380
18,075
2,523
3,120
7,614
16,136
2,568
3,828
10, on
14,962
2,834
4,678
11,767
15,687
3,993
6,857
16,836
16,421
4,090
9.534
23,172
14,324
4.682
11.500
41.. M3
16.430
4,2SI
13,283
Smithfleld
Providence city
1,446
1,770
3,916
5,554
50,666
Washington county
18,715
1,002
1,174
1.130
1,404
1,821
1.864
1.808
2.472
2.835
1,257
1,812
1,835
1,982
1.845
2.761
2.779
1.204
1,824
1 ' —
1
2! 675
I.IKM
i.-x
4.1.11
1.710
2,298
1,454
2.476
2,276
2,794
3,438
1,368
2,329
1,174
2,256
1.774
2.957
3,560
i.X»
1,911
1.160
2.581
1.821
3.007
3.723
1.423
1,972
1,284
2,383
1,777
3.086
.i.«a
l,.T<a
1.9.5
I "
1
3! 717
1,361
1,912
J.MJT
1.7R4
2,763
1.741
t 73g
Exeter
Hopkinton
North Kingstown
3.104
4 717
1,200
■■576'
2,105
1,523
■■i,'926'
1,935
1,978
508
1,809
2,109
1,913
829
2,291
South Kinpstown
1,9M
3.470
Westerly
1 Census of Rhode Island, ISia, page xxxll , prepared by Edwin U. Snow
164
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
CONNECTICUT.
Table 86 -WHITE NEGRO AND INDIAN POPULATION OF THE COLONY OF CONNECTICUT, BY COUNTIES AND
TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1756.'
COtTNTIES AND TOWNS.
Hartford county:
Bolton
Colchester
East-Haddam
Enfleld
Fannington
Glastenbury
Haddam
Hartford
Hebron
Middletown
Symsbury
Somers
Stafford
Suffleld
Tolland
Wethersfleld
Willington
Windsor
Total
New-Haven county:
Branford
Derby
Durham
Guilford
Miltord
New-Haven
Wallingford
Waterbury
Total
New-London county:
Groton
Lyme
Killingsworth
New- London
Norwich
Preston
Saybrook
Stonington
Total.
Fairfield county:
Danbury
Fairfield
Greenwich
New-Fairfield
New-Town
Norwalk
Whites.
735
2,228
1,913
1,050
3,595
1,091
1,223
2,926
1,855
5,446
2,222
900
1,000
1,414
902
2,374
650
4,170
35,714
1,694
1,000
765
2,263
1,633
5,085
3,713
1,802
17,955
2,532
2,762
1,442
3,171
5.317
1,940
1,898
2,953
22,015
1,509
4,195
2,021
713
1,230
2,956
Negroes.
112
24
18
101
218
23
24
15
109
179
100
16
223
33
200 1
18
260
158
94
365
617
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
Fairfield coujity-
Reading
Eidgfleld....
Stanford
Stratford
-Continued.
Total.
Windham county:
Canterbury
Coventry
Pomphret
Killingly
Lebanon
Mansfield
Plainfield
Ashford
Voluntown
Union
Windham
Woodstock
Total.
Litclifield county:
Barkhemsted . .
Canaan
Colebrook
Cornwall '..
Goshen
Hartland
Harwinton
Kent
Litchfield
New-Hartford .
New-Milford...
Norfolk
Salisbury
Sharon
Torrington
Winchester
Woodbury
Total.
Hartford county
New-Haven county . .
New-London county .
Fairfield county
Windham county
Litchfield county
Total for colony .
Whites.
1,069
2,648
3,508
19,849
1,240
1,617
1,677
2,100
3,171
1,698
1,761
1,245
1,029
500
2,406
1,336
319,670
18
1,100
500
610
12
250
1,000
1,366
260
1,121
84
1,100
1,198
250
24
2,880
11, 773
35,714
17,965
22,015
19,849
19,670
11, 773
126,976
Negroes.
46
120
150
ni
103
16
54
854
226
829
711
345
64
Indians.
1 Connecticut Colony Public Records, Vol. XIV, page 492.
'Corrected figures.
I
76292— OO-
166
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
CONNECTICUT— Continued.
Table 87.— WHITE, NEGRO, AND INDIAN POPULATION OF THE COLONY
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
Males under
ten years.
Females
under ten
years.
MALES BETWEEN
TEN AND TWENTY
YEARS, MARRIED
OR SINGLE.
FEMALES BETWEEN
TEN AND TWENTY
YEARS.
MALES BETWEEN
TWENTY AND
SEVENTY.
FEMALES BETWEEN
TWENTY AND
SEVENTY.
Married.
Single.
Married.
Single.
Married.
Single.
Married.
Single.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Hartford county:
154
420
530
447
481
213
965
331
294
770
360
717
671
146
223
330
200
490
178
299
162
392
477
457
443
225
1,007
337
286
753
375
766
609
156
199
331
193
494
157
302
121
276
389
348
353
131
736
275
224
583
316
691
406
133
199
244
150
407
119
242
2
2
6
9
2
14
10
8
9
11
8
19
12
2
9
6
1
18
10
7
105
276
314
334
332
126
616
248
1S7
516
308
629
439
130
162
212
167
361
122
219
154
349
442
412
439
191
958
283
241
715
312
677
591
158
201
279
101
492
155
319
48
129
139
123
178
91
295
76
89
307
122
276
120
61
69
101
86
216
39
134
159
350
480
429
433
193
965
293
261
7)6
307
696
597
159
197
283
161
493
146
310
69
127
166
134
217
120
292
90
104
363
123
316
118
56
48
143
171
285
46
167
4
Fnfield
1
1
1
11
2
6
6
1]
16
Suffield
9
18
5
WiilinpT^n
20
Windsor
7
■>!
Total
8,219
284
289
166
396
279
1,309
824
619
8,121
309
289
148
372
289
1,213
799
609
53
6,243
224
252
141
362
241
902
623
422
165
5,722
215
205
124
286
214
829
644
361
7,469
317
270
149
462
322
1,246
726
568
2,679
81
106
69
170
110
618
189
132
^ 7,616
322
277
164
471
329
1,246
737
569
3,134
148
83
56
237
100
467
217
138
New-Haven county:
2
2
10
2
•Jfi
MUford
10
1
3
5
7
25
17
19
'>7
•>t(
WalUngford
?n
4,166
574
597
311
935
1,099
401
432
913
4,028
570
601
301
917
1,054
405
461
818
23
10
1
3,167
441
430
247
599
916
291
284
661
80
22
14
4
33
8
16
10
16
2,778
390
422
249
593
741
244
275
622
4,060
538
515
272
806
1,056
295
411
714
1,475
142
448
120
207
412
99
107
151
4,105
632
619
278
817
1,069
306
410
721
1,446
200
231
122
343
505
128
171
262
?i
New-London county:
■i?
11
14
21
IS
1(i
Preston
16
1
4
17
18
Total
11
5,262
425
774
496
199
357
754
208
299
6,127
387
689
420
204
357
700
189
269
53
2
2
12
3,859
302
557
333
170
277
544
152
214
1,008
665
123
12
12
24
8
8
3,636
282
519
287
182
281
486
121
189
909
618
4,607
416
741
403
207
324
638
196
276
661
830
1,686
103
228
114
61
103
173
46
59
244
292
4,652
424
739
404
199
324
638
206
281
562
812
1,962
81
183
112
44
67
217
46
57
199
240
40
Fairfield county:
41
4?
41
New-Fairf:eld
44
1
4S
Norwalk
4fi
Redding
2
4
7
33
47
1
13
2
48
44
806
795
Total
sn
4,318
438
340
334
582
590
354
254
421
242
97
532
320
4,010
374
290
325
521
552
382
241
376
245
67
533
333
33
3
4,212
330
234
276
461
515
307
168
277
202
68
482
230
110
3
3,874
242
259
286
372
460
305
177
263
156
61
387
234
4,592
356
307
314
530
640
363
216
330
231
83
476
243
1,413
114
97
154
152
208
142
73
67
57
14
173
119
4,589
358
315
320
542
549
353
217
339
235
83
491
243
1,24«
123
137
177
168
285
165
83
93
46
16
267
195
,S1
Canterbury
s?
w
2
5
2
26
14
3
13
4
M
Killingly
W
4
2
1
3
W
Mansfleld
S7
Plalnfleld
W
59
Voluntown
id
i1
1
7
1
62
63
4,504
4,238
16
3,550
78
3,202
3,978
1,370
4,045
1,754
64
Barkhemsted
iS
258
273
2
194
9
190
263
63
254
47"
66
Colebrook
i7
190
202
160
193
130
138
1
4
107
113
162
171
30
69
165
172
20
29
iS
69
Hartland
7(1
I larwinton
179
384
428
176
163
352
435
158
115
176
304
119
119
166
266
161
313
399
50
141
150
161
262
403
155
50
78
83
45
71
Kent
11
1
17
7
7?
7.1
•Connecticut Colony Public Records, Vol. XIV, pages 485 to 191.
GENERAL TABLES.
CONNECTICUT-Continued.
OF CONNECTICUT, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1774.'
167
HALES ABOVS
SEVENTY.
FKHALES ABOVE
8BVSNTT.
Nem
males
under
twenty.
Negro te-
nmle.s un-
diTtweaty.
Negro
males almvc
twenty.
Negro fo-
inolesaliove
twenty.
1
Indian Indian fe-
males under mules under
iK^enly. twenty.
Indian
males above
twenty.
Indian fe-
males aljove
twenty.
Total
whites.
Total
blocks.
Married.
Single.
Mcrriert.
Single.
11
20
29
20
37
21
35
3
10
42
15
23
39
14
15
12
13
28
13
22
5
10
7
5
8
5
17
17
3
20
8
10
8
3
5
6
3
13
3
19
5
11
18
6
16
13
19
7
6
42
16
16
9
7
31
15
22
9
47
23
9
34
13
39
3
5
41
21
9
4
15
61
13
9
4
26
13
5
51
19
61
10
2
994
2, sue
3.057
2,743
2.961
1.363
6.903 {
1,992
1,713
4,881
2,286
4,btJ0
3,071
1,024
1,333
1,980
1,247
3,347
1,000
•2,073
7
28
201
U5
38
7
106
79
13
150
52
198
29
3
1
37
15
142
43
1
7
4
44
18
8
3
14
19
4
29
10
46
0
1
1*
27
0
0
1
8
I
2
1
7
1
1
2
3
1
11
2
3
3
4
6
«
7
8
g
IG
18
4
28
12
45
9
7
13
8
3
9
9
14
1
'i
37
11
40
4
3
2
10
II
17
35 20
8 8
10 6
13
14
1
6
1
28
16
7
5
17
11
22
17
6
28
1
14
5
5
44
6
2
20
16
2
44
1
14
1
3
2
1
1
1
16
17
18
19
9
8
0
2
2
2
20
422
13
12
0
35
15
48
33
20
175
5
6
4
9
10
44
10
6
290
7
6
3
29
11
24
24
9
358
13
12
7
17
28
60
31
21
274
28
11
7
13
41
66
27
248
27
15
10
14
35
70
28
7
370
35
12
16
20
52
70
48
15
201
21
12
11
14
30
66
31
6
32
2
5
I
8
32
24
1
6
34
1
6
>60,066
1,938
1,819
1,031
2,846
1,965
8,022
4,777
3,498
1,216
113
70
46
84
102
273
ISt
38
21
22
5
23
24
10
2
1
3
3
2
1
1
35
36
7
2
2
2
1
1
27
2K
29
182
19
34
14
49
55
21
26
22
94
8
5
6
13
23
11
S
13
113
13
17
12
13
38
7
20
21
179
29
26
21
18
56
15
15
28
199
4
70
62
5
IS
85
206
39
26
6
79
54
11
12
49
'2(18
42
35
6
89
69
25
20
49
'181
42
27
3
78
49
12
8
36
27
65
21
6
64
16
11
3
73
19
36
18
2
48
14
9
9
39
23
4
35
11
1
1
28
10
66
42
2
60
20
9
25,896
3,488
3,800
1,967
6,306
7,032
2,265
2.628
4,956
925
XO
238
,13
622
295
83
59
450
30
.11
.t!
.B
34
36
36
37
80
66
38
240
14
84
A
143
7
20
10
6
20
25
6
6
208
12
39
11
6
23
17
3
7
328
15
83
35
5
12
37
9
9
12
09
276
13
75
25
4
20
25
14
9
18
72
335
15
91
34
6
18
43
17
9
17
108
25.0
7
66
20
S
9
31
6
8
13
70
249
207
142
2
2
2
244
1
2
3
31,542
2,473
4,644
2.664
1,288
2,lli8
4,243
1.189
1,673
3,603
6,201
2.036
63
319
122
20
01
M'.
-I',
.\.'>
W
344
1,214
62
24
06
47
119
■a
SI
11
35
2
91
80
39
40
30 U
19 ^
41
3
43
9
20
43
10
7
3
6
8
4
4
43
1
1
2
44
4
3
4.',
■;••
■
4.
48
38
14
19
47
7
12
9
7
190
19
21
17
36
43
17
13
17
26
8
35
11
65
5
1
8
14
9
13
4
8
2
S
3
13
119
10
14
7
22
25
11
12
7
22
6
1!
165
17
17
16
37
35
25
18
15
9
4
32
21
286
6
4
22
12
30
3
18
2
9
275
4
6
11
2
19
1
9
2
3
358
22
7
13
14
22
iJ
7
9
1
15
IS
234
9
S
7
7
27
3
13
2
8
1
29
10
8
1
18
1
19
7
2
3
1
4
1
3
10
2
28,936
2,392
2,032
2,241
3,439
3,841
2,443
1,479
2,228
1,479
613
3,437
1,974
60
51
.'•3
2
2
9
3
9
i
4
6
6
8
3
S
3
2
6
53
54
65
in
2
3
1
69
at
18
3
10
14
2
13
I
3
7
7
9
IB
263
85
165
246
1 127
1
81
147
121
43
47
31
37
37,494
■260
1,673
•ISO
957
1,008
•600
1.016
1,922
2,609
985
634
as
M
Y
i
6"
h'
ie'
ie'
'"
IS
S3
66
3"
7
7'
9
10
8
3'
3'
4
v
7
4
0
3'
6
6"
5
14
5
2
3
!
i"
1 8
2'
5
9
i'
I
i'
1
i'
2
7
1
*
3
17
13
;i
:<
4.'>
10
07
«8
3'
15
is'
1
4
^'
3
ii"
1
is"
8
6
on
71
1
S
73
• Corrected figures.
• Not distributed by sex.
168
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
CONNECTIC UT— Continued .
Table 87.— WHITE, NEGRO, AND INDIAN POPULATION OF THE COLONY
COUNTIES AND TOWNS.
Males under
ten years.
Females
under ten
years.
MALES BET W KEN
TEN AND TWENTY
YEARS, MARRIED
OR SINGLE.
FEMALES BETWEEN
TEN AND TWENTY
YEARS.
MALES BETWEEN
TWENTY AND
SEVENTY.
FEMALES BETWEEN
TWENTY AND
SEVENTY.
Married.
Single.
Married.
Single.
Married.
Single.
Married.
Single.
74
Litchfield county— Continued.
New-Milford
490
156
347
343
132
3S4
55
921
497
151
358
342
134
352
69
889
15
325
109
240
259
99
nt;
34
COO
27
3
7
11
254
110
224
236
75
166
19
587
482
155
278
307
139
313
60
821
83
30
111
77
56
141
18
260
460
155
271
303
146
262
56
795
61
27
70
56
54
78
11
235
7,";
7fi
77
7S
7fl
11
17
1
33
^0
Winchester
R1
Woodbury
4
Total
S*>
4,645
S,219
4,166
5,262
4,318
4,504
4,645
4,526
8,121
4,028
5,127
4,010
4,238
4,526
44
S3
23
53
33
16
44
3,018
6,243
3,167
3,859
4,212
3,550
3,018
141
16.5
80
123
110
78
141
2,748
5,722
2,778
3,536
3,S74
3,202
2,748
4,160
7,469
4,060
4,607
4,592
3,978
4,160
1,318
2,679
1,475
1,686
1,413
1,370
1,318
4,010
■7,616
4,105
4,652
4,589
4,045
4,010
944
3, 1.34
1,446
1,962
1,246
1,754
944
m
S4
AS
Kfi
S7
Windham county
W
Total for colony
ffl
31,114
30,050
222
24,049
697
21,860
28,866
9,941
'29,017
10,486
1 Corrected figures.
GENERAL TABLES.
169
CONNECTICUT-Continued.
OF CONNECTICUT, BY COUNTIES AND TOWNS: CENSUS OF 1774— Continued.
UALES ABOVE
SEVENTY.
FEMALES ABOVE
SEVENTY.
Neero
miilcs
under
twent.v.
Negro fe-
males un-
der twenty.
Negro Negro fe-
males above males aliove
twenty. twenty.
Indian
males under
twenty.
Indian fe-
males under
twenty.
Indian Indian fe-
males above males above
twenty. twenty.
Total
whiles.
Total
blacks.
.Married.
Single.
Married.
Single.
19
4
11
1<J
3
9
1
22
6
1
1
9
5
1
11
1
9
12
5
7
1
16
6
4
9
12
12
1
8
5
8
2
7
6
8
6
■2,736
■906
1,936
1,986
■848
1,022
327
6,224
34
1 26
74
T,
10
8
1
10
6
I
5
2
1
1
1
76
77
78
5
2
25
79
7
20
1
19
2
24
2
11
^
16
3
2
2
2
81
139
422
182
240
190
263
139
SI
175
94
84
65
85
51
92
290
113
143
119
165
92
108
358
179
208
165
246
108
92
274
199
328
2,S6
127
92
79
248
206
276
275
81
79
99
370
I2G8
336
358
147
99
61
201
■181
255
234
121
61
32
32
27
249
8
43
32
32
32
19
207
18
47
32
19
24
9
142
19
31
19
28
34
16
244
J?
26
■,'20,844
■60,666
25.896
31,542
28.936
27.494
■26,844
440
1,215
925
2,036
1,214
634
440
82
S3
84
85
80
87
88
1.436
554
922
1,264
1,306
1,165
■1,577
>:,a53
391
355
244
J73
■,'111,378
6.464
89
) Includes 900 not distributed by sex.
170
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NEW YORK.
Table 88.-P0PULATI0N OP THE COLONY OF NEW YORK, BY COUNTIES: 1698.'
Albany
Dutohess and Ulster
KuiKS
New- York
Orange
Queens
Richmond
Suflolk
Westchester
Total
380
248
308
1,019
29
1, 41)5
328
973
316
5,06(5
Women.
270
111
332
1,057
31
1,350
208
1,024
294
4,077
Children.
1,161
140
661
118
124
307
6,154
Negroes.
23
166
296
700
19
199
73
558
146
2,170
Total.
1,476
1,384
2,017
4,937
219
3,.'>0S
727
2,679
1,063
18,067
■ Census of the State of New- York, 1856, page iv.
Table 89.-MALE AND FEMALE POPULATION OF THE COLONY OF NEW YORK, IN CERTAIN AGE GROUPS, BY
COUNTIES: 1703.'
COiniTlES.
Males from
16 to 60.
Females.
Male chil-
dren.
Female
children.
Male ne-
groes.
Female ne-
groes.
Male ne-
gro chil-
dren.
Female ne-
gro chil-
dren.
All above
60.
Total.'
Albany.
610
345
813
49
952
176
787
383
472
385
304
1,009
40
763
140
756
305
469
515
433
934
57
1,093
42
818
436
382
605
487
989
84
1,170
49
797
357
386
83
136
102
13
117
60
60
63
74
63
76
288
7
114
32
62
36
46
36
72
131
7
98
4
38
31
60
28
61
109
6
96
1
38
15
29
58
2,273
1,912
New-York
4,375
Orange
5
268
4,392
504
Suffolk..
23
39
3,346
Ulster
1,649
1,946
Total
4,487
4,161
4,710
4,924
707
702
467
382
125
20,665
[" 1 Census of the State of New- York. 1855, page iv.
2 In a subsequent communication to the Lords of Trade in 1712 (Colonial Ilistory of New- York, Vol. V, page 339) the totals of the census of 1703 are quoted differently
from those in the above table. There are no means for determ.ining whether this difference arose from a subsequent correction of errors, or from mistakes incopying. As given
in the latter, the totals were as follows: New York, 4,436; Kings, 1,915; Richmond, 503; Orange, 268; Westchester, 1,946; Queens, 4,392; Suffolk, 3,346; Albany, 2,273;
Ulster and Dutchess, 1,669.
3 Included in first column.
Table 90.— NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE
ENXJMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703. *
Masters of familts.
Males from
16 to 60.
females.
Male
Children.
female
Children.
Male
Negros.
female
Negros.
Male
Negro
Children.
female
Negro
Children.
all above
60.
Total for citv
780
985
903
924
298
276
124
noi
65
EAST W.UiD.
Ebenezr Wilson
3
4
1
2
1
1
1
4
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
Mr l.eiiis
Mr lOverson
1
Mrs Vantyle
1
1
Mr Haris
2
1
2
3
1
Thorns Dyer
Mrs Smith
3
2
2
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
4
2
1
Garot Ilaier
2
Frances Coderos
3
1
John Lasly
1
1
1
2
2
Thoms Evens
1
* Hendricls
Peter V'antilbry
1
1
Frances WesseUs
5
2
1
6
Mrs Basset
1
2
Capt Novered
1
John Morthouse
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
Beverly Latham
1
2
1
3
1
1
6
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
Mrs liabl
Capt Morris
3
1
2
1
Peter Mountu
1
2
2
2
1
Hendrick Mavr
John .Stephen's
3
4
3
1
1
1
Capt Tudor
1
1
Stuen Volo
Fany ye Doctr
Abraham Brazier
1
0
Mr Sinkeler
1
1
2
1
1
1
Mr Lees
Capt Forkell
1
2
1
1
3
1
Peter Thouet
(
1 New York Documentary History, pages 395 to 405.
' Corrected figures.
* Illegible.
GENERAL TABLES.
171
Table 90.
NEW YOUK-CoDtinued.
-NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE
ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703— Continued.
MASTERS OF FAIULYS.
Hales Irom
16 to 60.
tenulu.
Uala
Children.
female
Children.
Male
Negras.
tanala
Negrai.
Hale
Necro
ChUdran.
female
Nepo
ChUdren.
aUabore
60.
EAST WARD— conimued. i
James pencer 1
1
1
1
3
Mar^'D'tt li ri^es
Dot'tr Del!iny
1
1
3
Mr Sellwooil
1
1
Widd Hrown
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
I
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
MrC'holwfll
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
Johji Ledhain
Andrew Gravcnrod
WiUiam Apell
James Blower
John Vanderspeygel
1
3
1
1
1
John Htircs
1
3
1
1
1
Mrs BlackRrove
3
3
1
2
1
1
Mrs Byiier
2
1
1
2
T
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
Doctr Peters
1
3
2
1
2
3
..
Mr liiir^fT
3
:::":""i::'
1
1
2
1
1
Capt Borditt
i
1
1
1
Janies Ktrimett
2
3
2
I
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
Joseph Isacks
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Widd Smith
3
1
I
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
Mr Hardlnburg
i
1
}
3
3
1
1
Capl Vancrouger . .
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
0
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
>
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
' .
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
4*
1....
1
1
1
i....
3
1
Mr Mnnsptt
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
4
3
1
1
1
'.. . .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i"
1
1 '
1
1
1
Johnas Longstrauts
2
J 1
..
Abraham Molts
Capt Trevett
..; "i 1
Georg Elesworth
4
1
1
3
2
3
1
3
3
3
S
i"
2
1
1 2
1
Widd Decay
1
M
1 r":::::::;;;
............
Capt Shelly
Thorns Adams
Widd Kidd
1
I
2
6
1
I
1 i'
1 ":::::;:;:;::
1
Widd I'roos!
i'
2
4
1 \
1 2
i'
1
• Illegible.
172
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NEW YORK— Continued.
Table 90.-XVMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IX THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE
ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703— Continued.
MASTERS OF FAMILYS.
Males from
16 to 60.
females.
Male
Children.
female
Children.
Male
Negros.
female
Negros.
Male
Negro
Children.
female
Negro
Children.
all above
60.
EAST "WARD — continued.
Doct Stets
1
1
2
2
1
2
7
2
2
1
Elves Now
1
1
1
1
2
1
John Davi
1
2
1
Abraham Johns
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
0
2, 1
2
1
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
•
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
1
3
4
3
2
1
2
/
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Benj Bill
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
i
Dant np.vnns
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Arthr Williams
4
1
4
2
1
1
1
Widd \ andewater
Cornelius Bolson
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
2
0
:
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
Dan! Mynard
1
1
1
2
1
5
5
2
2
1
0
0
2
4
John Mambroits
Lucas Tinhoven ...
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
:
1
Johanes Urielant
0
1
1
2
0
0
2
3
1
0
1
2
1
Gabriell Ludlow
Mr Slay
Wm Bikman
2
1
2
1
I
James Debross
Wm Anderson
0
1
Peter Riphtnian
Capt Tuder
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
3
1
0
1
John Lastly
Widd Vontylborough
2
3
0
3
WmPell
Thorns Huck
1
1
Widd Peterow
Robert Pudenton
Wm Shackerlv
0
2
1
I
1
1
1
1
3
1
0
Mr Huddleston
2
Nichol Debower
Johanes D payster
1
2
0
2
Wm White !]::!!::::::::"■
Abraham Moll
3
1
2'
1
1
1 I
Levenus Deuind
Richd Sackett '.'.',','.'.'.'.
2
3'
i'
1
!
Soffell Seeworth '.'.'.'..'.
i'
i'
2
i
3
i'
2
1
1
1
EEEiZZl
I
I
GENERAL TABLES.
173
Table 90.
NEW YORK-Continued.
-NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE
ENUMERATION MADE AUOLT THE YEAR 1703-Coutinue.l.
MASTERS OP FAMILYS.
Males from
16to(iO.
females.
Male female
ChUdren. ChUdron.
Hale
Negrot.
female
Negros.
Male
Negro
ChUdren.
female
ChU£eD.
1
all above
«0.
EAST WARD— continued.
Isaac Ferbergln
1
1
i'
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
i'
i"
1
1
i'
1
1
i'
3
2
2
0
2
2
1
1
1
2
*
2
1
1
2
2
0
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
i'
0
1
1
2
i'
6'
I
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
:
1
1
1
1
4
2
2
3
1
3
2
1
3
1
1
1
4
2
i'
2
WidU Lees
Mrs Mussett !.!.!!!!!!!
Win Naseros ]
i'
i'
s
1
i'
1
1
1
Tnonis RoberU
Uoner Uritt .....V.
Thorns i lains
Robt Walls
Giddeon Vergeren
Evert Ditken
John N'anfan
Claud Bouden
Heudriek Vandespegle
Mr (Jleenoross
Dan Thwaictes
2
2
2
Wid^i ret rer Bond
Charl Bakcman
Johanes Banker
Jos Carlsee
i'
2
1
2
John »t Kllas Petrain
Hen-Irlok Kflllson
s
3
0
1
0
2
0
1
2
1
1
0
0
3
1
0
6'
0
i
0
Victor Bick'T
Sarah Scou ton
1
1
1
3
0
0
1
2
0
1
1
0
4
3
2
I
3
1
2
1
3
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
PettT VV ca'ls
Jac'obus Morrtsgreen
William Svnis
-
1
1
John ( anoon
1
Widdow Bush
1
1
William Jackson
1
1
1
1
Johannps \'an Geser
Willi'lmus NVucnhousen
1
3'
1
2
1
1
Thomas 1 lardin
I
1
0
2
0
1
X
I
1
I
0
Madam Duhoiso
0
1
3
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
I
1
1
3
2
3
3
?
3
0
3
1
0
1
1
Thomas Koberts
1
2
I
3
1
1
2
1
3
Widdow Howard.
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
2
2
1
I
2
1
f
2
1
1
2
1
1
12
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
2 2
3
2
2
2
1
» Illegible.
174
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NEW YORK— Continued.
Table 90.-NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE
ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703— Continued.
MASTERS OF FAMaYS.
Males from
16 to 60.
females.
Male
ChUdren.
female
Children.
Male
Negros.
female
Negros.
Male
Negro
Children.
female
Negro
Children.
all above
60.
SOUTH -WARD— continued.
Adrian Man
4
0
2
2
1
1
01
2
2
1
1
2
6
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
3
I
2
4
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
7
2
2
1
2
3
Wlddow Lysenncr
3'
1
1
3
2
i
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
1
1
Wiflftow Phillin"?
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
i
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
3
4
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
Johannes Johnson
1
1
1
James Many
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
Johannes Vanrost
Mr Vanposon
Mr VanKoson
1
1
I
1
Christophr norland
2
2
1
5
4
1
2
Widdow van plank
3
1
1
Johannes Vanderhield
1
1
1
2
Widdow Keisted
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
I
1
4
2
Widdow Deshamp
2
2
1
Mr Antm
2
Wilellmus Navensusen
Francis \Mncent
1
2
1
1
1
1
Jacob Maurice
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
I
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
Widdow Bush
2
4
1
3
1
Mr Honan
1
Widdow Cortland
5
1
1
1
Widdow Keisteed
Hendrick Mester
2'
Lydiah Rose
Johannes Veckden : .!!!!!!!!!!!]
i'
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
0
2
2
1
4
2
1
1
1
Mancell Hansen
2
1
1
4
2
2"
1
3
2
i
Jacob Van Direse
E]?azer Bogert
Joriz Breger ..'./........
2
6'
1
'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
I
GENERAL TABLES.
NEW YOKK— Continued.
175
Table 90.-NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. RY WARDS ACCORDING TO THE
ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703-ConUnued A^^O^DING TO THE
UAaTERS or FAMILYS.
Males from
16 to 00.
feinales.
Male
ChUdren.
femulo
ChUdren.
Male
Negm.
female
ChUdren.
■Utbore
W.
NORTH WARD— continued.
Wm Waderson
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
Henrv ColoTnan
Phitin licllpiiz
i
'
Joseph Bresser
Kaiio Vanderbecck ].!!!!!!.!!!![!
2
1
Jacob Halck ..!!!....!!..!.!!
Sanil MarteD
i
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
2
0
J
:::::::::::: ::::::::::::I:::::::::::
Jo Dicker
1
0
2
I
2
1
2
0
1
2
1
3
3'
3
1
John Benteii 1 .!! i !!!"!.!!!!!.!!!!! ]
Joseph Paling " ]
i
0
i
Mr Evert
1
Jacob Swart
'.;;::;:::;:::
Edwd Lock !^I! !!.'.'! !!!."!
Marro yuick
i'
1
1
j
Isaac Jutor
Danl Travore
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
llenderick Drimiez
Derick Ritenbogert
i'
2
6
i'
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
Jan Kart'lse
Janetii- dcRraus
1
!.l !.
!.
1
Uarmcn dcgraus
Andrrw Douwe
1
1
1
1
3
Vochem Lotyer
2
2
0
i
1
Hendrjck Oostrom
Yan TIeslook
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
[
Christian Lowrier
1
Annotie Ijowrier
1
i
2
4
1
Robt Milro
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
S
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
Aljmc Vandyck
1
Suaanna Tocter
1
1
1
2
:
Ilanz Kiprstede
2
Wvl'UFKli Vanbos
1..
Direck Slick
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Enoch Kill
2
1
Reyere Martesc
2 1
1
3l i\
1
I
6
• Morott
0
2
2
4
3
1
1
1
Alexander Lazn .
2
2
WmAttell
i
Mrs Anieker
1
1
2
I
1
2
I
1.
1
•i
81
1
4
1
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
3
0
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
i.
1....
2
1
i
1
1
1
1
i :;;;..;:.
}i
1
Antiene Vellerton
1 2 1
BneJ I'roovoost
i '
•Illegible.
176
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GRO\ATH.
NEW YORK— Continued.
Table 90 -NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE
" ' ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703-Continued.
MASTERS OF FAMILYS.
Males from
16 to 60.
females.
Male
Children.
female
Children.
Male
Negros.
female
Negros.
Male
Negro
ChUdren.
female
Negro
ChUdren.
all above
00.
NORTH WARD— continued.
Denis S weetman
Hendrick Boz
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
i'
3
Annetie Henne
Mr Vandrick
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Abraham Kip
ffrans Vandyck
Aaron Vanvhirden
John Van strijp
Hathman Wessels
Peter Yaaokse
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
i
1
1
i'
i'
Peter Saryo
Yan Sivvere
YanHille
1 1
2 3
1
3
Yan Yonz
i'
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
3
3
2
7
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
1
0
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
Swerez Hendricks
2
1
0
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
1
2
3
4
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
3
1
5
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
Yan Keoeck
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
Wm Bogaert
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
Hatie Provoost
2
Martie V'andeheyden
«
1
1
1
1
1
1
Barent Lool
1
Garret Onckelbaok
1
Saml Lockeriest
3
9
1
1
"
1
Barnard uz Siait
1
2
Caterina liuotz
1
1
Barnard us Hardebroer
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
0
4
1
1
1
Corneliz Loris
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Peter Boz
2
1
9
Garret Burper
1
1
1
2
2
Lavie Vandmirse
2
2
2
3
1
1
"V annetre \V ande Watte
Am Reijt
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
i
1
Yan Narhree
,
1
1:;:;::::;:::;:;::::::::
1
I
GENERAL TABLES.
177
Table 90.
NEW YORK— Continued.
-NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IX THE CITY OF NEW YORK, HY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE
ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703-Continued.
MASTEItS OF FAMILYS.
Males from
l« tooo.
females.
Male
ChUdren.
female
ChUdren.
Male
Negim.
female
Negros.
Male
ChuTen.
female
Ne«ro
Children.
all utiove
U).
NORTH WAKiJ— continued,
Yan Konce
1
Mrs Boseit
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
Wessell E vereee
1
2
1
2
Bettie Rammesen
WEST WARD.
Peter Bavard
1
0
1
1
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
AVm Smith Aldermn
2
1
1
1
4
0
'
1
Matt: Pe Hart
1
2
Jacoli Vansune
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
3
4
1
1
3
3
1
2
0
0
Bar; Laroox
1
1
1
2
1
}smic i)o Boogh
1
0
3
1
1
2
U
1
1
1
0
t
2
M rs Jtiini boll
1
1
2
2
1
2
Robt White
Catherine While
::::::::::::|::::::::":
Vk'm Waloh
1
1
1
1
3
5
3
2
1
I
2
1
1
1
1
2
Dehorah Symconi
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Augu stu s ( ! rassett
1
1
1
2
. .
1
I
2
2
1
1
2
1
Kol)t I'dwanis
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
4
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
•1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
'
1
1
I
1
1
1
Han: Teiiijck
1
1
1
::::::::::::i::::::::::::
3
2
2
i
i"
Isaac Garners
1
1
1 . .
Will: Shullwood
4
4
2
4
I
2*
i'
JoresUiersie
Archibald Reed
I:;:::::::::l::::::::::::
1
1
I
1
I..
Edwd Hurley
LIcft niirkle'y
1
1
*
1
1
1
1
1
l' '
K
:::::::::;::
1
j'
Walter n Boise
• """ ',',',','."'.'.'.'.'.
Garret C'osyn
Alberts Laynderts
PaulTuk
1
a'
f"^^^"''"''..''
1
""; 1
( ,
i
1
Phlll:Doley
Jno D. Le llountalne
1
3
1
1
2
I--"::::::::
v//.'.'.'.y.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.....
i '
::::::::::::
Jacob Kuwnlng
178
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 90.-
NEW YORK— Continued.
-NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS,
ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703— Continued.
ACCORDING TO THE
Males from
MASTERS OF F.AMaYS. jg jo gQ.
females.
Male
Children.
female
Children.
Male
Negros.
female
Negros.
Male
Negro
Children.
female
Negro
Children.
all above
60.
WEST WARD— continued.
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
4
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
4
2
3
1
2
1
John Swere
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
'
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
John Williams Romiere
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
Jacob Hases
3
1
1
Alida Wright
3
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
Griffin Jones
1
1
1
2
3
Hendrick- Johnson
1
Eliz: Waekhara
.■
Thomas Coburn
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Richard Green
1
1
Sergeant Smith
1
2
2
2
3
1
1
2
1
2
Pet.er Fauonnnier.
2
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
DOCK WARD,
1
1
Mrs Mogon
Zacharie .^ngcam
1
Anthony Davis
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
John Pami i ter
1
1
5
2
1
Nicholas Jamin
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
Widow Alkfield
1
2
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
Garret Dyking
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
Catharin Potter
1
3
2
1
0
1
i'
1
1
3
1
Robert Lurting '__'"
1
1
2
Widdow Taylor
David viiiat ;;;;
David Logall '.'.'.'.'.'.'.V.'.'.
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Capt Siines
Robt.Skelton '.'.'.'.'.'.
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
i'
I
►Illegible.
GENERAL TABLES.
179
Table 90.
NEW YORK— Continued.
-NAMES OF MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACcdRDIXG TO THE
ENUMERATION MADE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703-Continued.
liASTER.S OF FAMILYS.
Ualesfrom
16 to GO.
females.
Male
Chlldicn.
female
ChUOren.
M>le
Nagiw.
female
Necm.
Male
Nwra
Childno.
female
CuKoi.
aU above
00.
DOCK WARD— continued.
Charles Wooley
3
1
1
1
1
i'
I
2
Garret \ anhome
Paul Drulett '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
I
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
4
1
2
2
1
Stephen D'lancey \\\ .\ .]...[ ."
Jno James Vanveale
s'
1
1
i'
1
Wliliiow tIaKet
Hendriok Vand:Hull
i'
i'
Peter Ueinoliiis .'
John Van home
Jacobus vanc-ourtlandt
Jaeohws Decay
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
i'
01
2
1
3
2
4
oi'
2
3
1
1
1
i'
Jacob fen Eyck
Abraham Govemere
1
1
1
1
2
i'
1
1
1
i'
1
English Smith
1
Cornelius Jm-obs
s
3
1
I
1
1
1
I
I
1
David Provost Junr
1
2
Widdow Sanders
3
1
4
4
3
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
s
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
W illiatn Chainljers
1
1
1
Johannes outraan
Issac D Markeys
I
2
2
1
W Iddow Lawrence
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
'
1
Widdow Sowalls
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
Bartholomew Han
2
1
• Overin
Thomas Wenham ... .
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
3
I
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
W Iddow D. Pyster
2
1
2
1
1
2
0
John LorrinE . .
1
1
2
1
1
Abraham V: D: waters
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
I
1
1
2
1
i
1
1
Rugert \\ aldron
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
3
i
1
1
John Ilarperding
I
1
Avert Klberseye
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
»
Roger Jones
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Martin Coock
1
I
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
6
1
I
Lawrence \*anhock
1
1
1
Evert Van 1). watr
William Kchclos
Edward Marshall
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
3
i
1
1
3
1
a
3
1
2
r
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
2
1
1
Anthony HutRers
John Whltt
2'
1
>IUeglble.
180
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NEW YORK— Continued.
T.BLE 90 -NAME§ OP MASTERS OF FAMILIES IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY WARDS, ACCORDING TO THE
ENUMERATION M-\DE ABOUT THE YEAR 1703— Continued.
Males from
M.VSTERS OF FAMILVS. 16 tO 60.
females.
Male
Children.
female
Children.
Male
Negros.
female
Negros.
Male
Negro
Children.
female
Negro
Children.
all above
60.
DOCK WARD— continued.
Mr Legrand
Nicholiis Materbe
1
1
i'
3
4'
•
2'
i'
i
Sanill Leverldg
William White Junr
Mary W akhain
2
2
■J
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
1
i'
John Stephens
Richd C, reen
i
3
I
1
2
3
• n Vurickbookhouse
* rence Vessells
♦ ahara Lawkerman
Everdas Bopardus
2
1
2
3
3
1
2
i'
1
i'
1
i'
William Riclcley
Jannet ie Van briekelen
2
1
2
3
1
1
2
i'
2
Gabrll Thiebod
Mrs. Mashett
1
2
2
2
1
4
2
Johannes Burger
i
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
5
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
4
3
1
2
1
1
2
'3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
4
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
2
1
1
Will Da
1
2
2
2
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
* Gracktin
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
I
1
1
1
6
1
2
2
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
Capt Sidinon
2
2
1
2
1
0
1
1
WasPs Ppterson .
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Solomon Widdow
0
1
Thomas Sekls
John Clapp
2
3
2
1
1
Abraham Holt
6
1
1
Capt Lock
1
Hendrick Van Scoyock
2
3
1
1
Philip Minthome
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
* eabor
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
5
2
1
1
* noute
1
2
1
2
Walter Lamas
1
David Mlnvel
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
*- — ^lin Pierson
4
1
2
1
• Illegible.
GENERAL TABLES.
181
NEW YORK— Continued.
Table 91.-WHITE AND SLAVE POPULATION OK NKW YORK, L\ CERTAIN AGE GROUPS, BY SEX. ACCORDING TO
TUE PARTIAL CENSUS OE 1712.'
[The returns of this census are Imperfect, '' 'hoP«oP!?.betog deterred by a simple .uperstltlon. and observation that slclcnca toUowed upon the last numbering of the
people. > 1 he results here given are compiled from the orlglmil returns. »| "» »• u«j
wnrtES.
auvn.
Total.
COf.NTIES.
Males
under 16.
Males be-
tween 10
and 00.
Males
over Ml.
Females
under lu.
Females
lOtoUO.
Females
over tio.
Males
inidiT Iti.
Males
over 10.
Females
undTT 10.
Female-i
over |i..
Albany *
753
120
688
89
54
11
651
98
076
97
4'J
1
155
12
DlltllKSS <
6
4
122
7
3,329
KlHKs!
445
1.925
5.841
New ^ ork
1,197
105
1,062
98
GO
4
1,182
82
1,208
91
97
S
155
9
821
21
179
11
Richmond
438
1.279
4.413
Suffolk
Ulster <
1,092
450
072
929
424
500
114
44
75
1,044
427
577
926
4(10
539
04
30
02
20
68
72
110
148
127
32
T9
m
70
78
72
2,l>18
Total
4,389
3,S50
362
4,061
4,003
314
434
900
410
681
1
22,008
1 Census of th'* State of New- York, 1855, page 5.
' Colonial History of New- York, Vol. V, page 339
" New- York Colonial MSS.. Vol. LVII, Sccre(ar)-'s olllcc.
' Ucturns jiot recvifod until 1714.
T.-^BLE 92.— WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION OF THE PROVINCE OE NEW YORK, DISTINGUISHED AS CHILDREN
AND ADULTS, BY SEX: 1723.'
ILond. Doc. X.XII.l
wmiE.
KEGROES AND OTTIEB SUIVES.
KAME OF THE COUSTV.
Men.
Women.
Male
Children.
Female
Children.
Totall of
White
Persons.
Men.
Women.
Male
Children.
Fii
Cbil.;
' fif
i
■ r
Sluves.
Totall of
Tenons.
1,460
335
490
1,508
1,441
1,050
309
276
642
1,512
1,726
320
476
1,599
1,348
951
245
237
453
1,408
1,352
305
414
1,530
l,.'i21
1,048
304
259
503
1,404
1,348
291
394
1,371
1,150
912
239
208
089
1,369
.%880
1,251
1,774
0,008
5,206
3,%1
1,(»7
1,040
2,357
5,093
408
101
171
393
357
155
45
22
227
307
476
03
123
294
307
118
29
14
120
200
220
49
83
228
197
92
42
2
119
146
258
42
07
208
54
83
31
5
94
155
1,302
255
444
1,123
975
448
147
43
650
808
7,248
1 ^M
2,218
7,191
Suffolk
0,241
West Chester ;
4,409
1,244
l.OSi
Ulster
2,923
0,501
Totall
9,083
8,763
8,500
8,047
34,393
2,186
1,810
1,178
997
6,in
40,564
1 New York Documentary History, page 471.
Table 93.— ^L\LE AND FEMALE POPULATION OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW Y'ORK, ABOVE AND UNDER 10 Y'EAR.'^ OF
AGE, BY COLOR, FOR CITIES AND COUNTIES, NOVEMBER 2, 1731.'
[MS. in S<!e's Off.]
aiVS AND COins'TIES.
City and Coimty of New York.
City A Counly bf .\lbany
Queens County
Sulfolk Counly
West Chester County
Ulster County
Kinns Coimty
Oraniif^ County
Kiohmond Coimty.
Dutchess County...
Total.
Ilenry Beekraan
Gosen Viin Schick
Thos Hicks
David Corey 715 Indians..
Gilbert Willet
John Wyncoop
Domini Van Der Veer..
William I'ullen
Charles darritson
William Squire
Whites
males
above 10
years old.
2,628
2,<81
2,239
2,144
1,879
990
029
027
423
570
>I4,6I0
11,529
10,243
6,673
143,065
Whites Whites Whites
females males ' females
above la under 10. imder 10.
• New York Documenlar>' Ilistorj-, page 471.
2,250
1,255
2,175
1,130
1,701
914
518
534
571
481
blacks
males
above
ten.
blacks
females
al>o\'e
ten.
1,143
2,352
1,178
2,845
1,054
577
2'?3
325
203
203
11,529 10,243
Whites.
1,024
1,212
1,139
955
707
515
208
299
256
298
508
476
239
20B
321
205
85
111
S9
2,932
607
185
363
83
90
196
140
47
98
32
1,853
Blacks
males
under 10.
346
220
190
124
OS
19
51
13
* Corrected figures.
Blacks
females
under la
185
174
199
83
151
1,044
1,402
1,853
2,933
7,231
The
amount
Ineai'h
counly.
8,023
8.573
7.995
7,075
0,033
3,728
2,150
1.909
1,817
«1,724
•SO, 280
IllK'kS.
76292—09-
-13
182
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NEW YORK— Contir.i^ed.
Table 94 -A LIST OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS, BOTH WHITES AND BLACKS OF EACH SPECIES, WITHIN THE
PitoVM OF NEW YORK, ABOVE AND UNDER THE AGE OF TEN YEARS, TAKEN IN THE YEAR 1737.'
[Lond. Doc. XXVI.]
New York...
Albany
West Chester
Orange
Ulster
Dutchess
Richmond . . .
Kings
Queens
SuOolk
Total. .
White
Males
above 10
years.
3.253
3, 209
2.110
860
1,175
940
488
054
2,407
2.297
17, 393
White
Females
above 10
years.
3,568
2,995
1,890
753
1,681
860
497
631
2.290
2,353
17, 518
White
Males
under 10
years.
1,088
1,463
950
501
541
710
289
235
1,395
1,175
8,347
White
Females
under 10
years.
1,036
1,384
944
433
601
646
266
264
1,656
1,008
Black
Males
above 10
years.
674
714
304
125
378
101
132
210
400
393
8,238 I
3, 651
Black
Females
above 10
years.
609
496
254
95
260
42
112
169
370
307
2,714
Black
Males
under 10
years.
229
223
153
38
124
37
52
84
254
203
1,397
Black
Females
under 10
years.
207
197
140
35
110
22
53
101
227
187
1,279
Total of
each
county.
60, 437
Total in
1731.
Since in-
creased.
2,042
2,108
712
871
1,142
2 1.094
72
198
1,064
248
s 50, 286 no, 151
I New York Documentary History, page 472.
' Corrected figures.
Table 9o.-AN ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK, TAKEN 4 JUNE, 1746.
BY ORDER OF HIS EXCELLENCY GOVERNOUR CLINTON.'
[London Doc.
XXVIII.]
ClTrES AND COUNTIES,
Males
white
under 16.
Males
white 16
& under
60.
Males
white
above 60.
Females
white
under 16.
Females
white 16
and up-
wards.
Males
black
under 60.
Males
black 16
& under
60.
Males
black
above 60.
Females
black
under 16.
Females
black
16 & up-
wards.
Total
number.
City A Co. of N.Y
2,117
350
2,097
435
149
71
2,013
366
2,897
464
419
140
645
167
76
32
735
154
569
152
=11,717
2,331
1,946
2,200
1,887
445
536
2,435
1,022
1,826
2,056
1,835
376
763
2,090
1,044
233
200
226
35
67
303
116
2,077
2,100
1,891
421
871
2,095
972
1,914
1,750
2,016
414
721
1,640
1,000
365
106
329
92
82
187
244
466
160
393
88
99
180
331
61
26
52
13
34
27
43
391
108
315
95
51
138
229
361
100
310
94
44
140
264
9.640
8,806
9,254
2,073
3,268
9,235
5,265
Total
12,938
12,522
1,400
12,806
12,816
1,964
2,529
364
2,216
2,034
61,589
Total white =52,482.
' New York Documentar>' History, O'Callaghan, pape 472.
sCorrected iigures.
3 Not possible to be numbered on account of the enemy.
Table 96.— AN ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN THE PROVINCE OF NEW Y'ORK, TAKEN lOTH MAY,
1749, BY ORDER OF HIS EXCELLENCY THE HONOURABLE GOVERNOUR CLINTON.'
[Lond. Doc, XXIX.]
CITIES AND COUNTIES.
City & Co. ofN. Y..
King's county
Albany county
Queens county
Dutchess county —
Suflolk county
Richmond county..
Orange coimty
Westchester county
Ulster county
Males
white
under
16 y'rs.
2,346
288
2,249
1,630
1,970
2,058
431
1,061
2,511
913
Males
white
16 &
under 60.
2,765
437
2,359
1,508
1,820
1,863
420
856
2,312
992
Males
white
above 60.
183
62
322
151
160
248
36
66
228
110
Fem'ls
white
under 16.
2,364
322
2,137
1,550
1,790
1,960
424
992
2,263
810
Fem'ls
white
16 &
upwards.
3,268
391
2,087
1,778
1,751
1,969
434
899
2,233
979
Total number of whites.
Total
white.
10,926
1,500
9,154
6,617
7,491
8,098
1,745
3,874
9,547
3,804
02, 756
Males
black
under 16.
460
232
309
300
103
305
88
62
303
217
Males
black
16 &
under 60.
610
244
424
386
155
3,55
110
95
270
301
Males
black
60 &
upwards.
Fem'ls
black
under 16.
556
137
334
245
63
292
93
84
238
198
Fem'ls
black
16 &
upwards.
Total number of blacks..
701
149
365
349
. 79
293
98
103
279
240
Total
black.
2,368
783
1,480
n,323
421
1,286
409
300
l.LiO
1,006
210,592
Total number of Inhabitants, white and black, ' 73,348.
'New York Documentary History, O'Callaghan, page 473.
G. CLINTON.
2 Corrected figures.
GENERAL TABLES.
183
NEW YORK-Coulinuoil.
Table 97.-GENERAL LIST OF INHABITANTS IN THE PROVIXfE OF NEW YORK, EXTRACTED FROM THE RETURNS
OF TLiE SHlililFFS OF TUK SEVERAL ( OUNTIES, IN PURSUANCE OF WARRANTS To I'UEM DATED lOTU
FEBRUARY, 175G.'
CITIES AND COUNTIES.
City and County of New York
City and County of Albany
Ulster County. ..i
Dutcbcss County
Orange County
Westchester County
Kings Count y
Queens County .*
Sulfolk Conn ty ,
Richmond County ,
Males
under IG.
2,200
3,474
l.iiSS
3,910
1,213
3,153
417
1,90)
2,283
344
Hales
above Iti
6i under
(X).
2,308
3,795
1,G87
2,873
1,088
2,908
407
2,147
2,141
411
Males
GO and
upwards.
174
45U
ISO
203
74
1,039
84
253
221
107
Females
under lii.
2,358
3,234
1,489
3,530
1,083
2,440
358
1,892
2,2l-.5
334
Females
above Itj.
3,607
3,846
1,618
2,782
998
2,379
536
2,365
2,335
471
Total.
10,768
14,806
6,605
113,298
•4,150
11,919
1,862
8,617
9,245
1,667
Males
under 16.
468
658
328
211
103
296
212
581
278
145
Males
aliove 16
& under
60.
604
780
437
270
116
418
214
563
297
92
^'^^^ , Female. Femal«
upwuds. ■indcrlO. abovel6.l
443
496
336
163
n
267
201
50O
IM
97
401
aoo
102
M
aw
197
470
236
101
TolJ.
•2,278
•2, 419
1,500
8»
430
1.338
M4A
2,1)«
1,046
406
Olacka, 113,348.
Whites, •83,242.
Total. •9it,Sea
' New York Documcntarj' History, O'Callaghan, page 473. 'Corrected Ogures.
Table 98.-LIST OF INHABITANTS IN THE SEVERAL COUNTIES IN THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK, TAKEN IN THE
YEAR 1771.'
NAMES OF Tire SEVERAL
COCNIIES.
City & Co. of New York
Albany
lister
Dutchess
Orange
Westchester
Kings
Queens
Bullolk
Richmond
Cumb*?rland
Gloucester
Totals
Males
under 10.
3,720
9,740
2,835
5,721
2,651
3,813
548
1,253
2,731
616
1,071
178
•34,877
Males
above 10
Si under
60.
5.083
9,822
3,02;i
4,687
2,297
5,204
644
2,083
2,834
438
1,002
186
37,302
Males
60 and
upwards.
280
1,136
202
384
107
549
70
950
347
96
59
8
4,314
Females
under 16.
3,779
9,086
2,601
5,413
2,191
3,483
513
2,126
2,658
508
941
193
Females
above 16.
5,864
9,045
3,275
4,839
2,124
5,200
080
2,332
3,106
595
862
151
33,492 I 38,139
Total of
whites lo
each
county.
18,726
38,829
11,996
21,044
9.430
18, .115
2,401
8,744
11,676
2,253
3,935
715
148, 124
Males
under 16.
568
876
618
299
162
793
297
374
350
177
4,416
Males
above 16,
and un-
der CO.
1,100
510
417
184
910
287
511
152
6
4
6,372
Males
OOand
upwards.
42
250
57
34
22
t*
22
271
59
22
1
848
Females i Females
under 16. j above 16.
Total of
blacks In
each
county.
552
671
422
2)S
120
174
770
887 1
».l
2ft5
640
634
320
334
100
137
1
2
3
•4.060
6,197
3,137
3,877
1,964
1,300
662
'.1.440
i,l(i2
2,230
1,462
694
•10
•9
•19.803
Total of
whites
and
blacks.
21,863
42,700
13,960
22,404
10.092
'21. 7.15
3.023
10.980
13.128
2.847
'3. 945
•724
•168,017
WM TYRON.
Estimated amount of popvlation in 1774-
ILond. Doc. .XLIV.]
Whites 161.008
Blacks 21,149
Total estimated Population In 1774 182. 247
> New York Documentary History. O'Callaghan. page 474. « Corrected figures.
Table 99.— WHITE AND SLAVE POPULATION, AND INDIANS TAXED, IN NEW YORK, IN CERTAIN AGE GROUPS,
BY SEX: 1786.'
Albany
Dutchess
Kings
Montgomery.
New York .
Orange
Queens
Richmond.
Bullolk
Ulster
I Washington.
Westchester.
Total.
Males
under 16
years.
17.703
8.209
642
3,564
4,360
3.382
2,441
616
2,917
4,971
1.130
4.972
Males
above 16
and under
GO years.
15.860
6,973
776
3,487
6,742
3,182
2,717
622
3,141
4,792
1,162
4,477
I
Males , Females
above 60 luder 16
years. years.
1,364
628
342
247
295
43
334
464
68
491
16.A44
7,700
619
3,844
540
2.700
4.381
l.llS
4,641.
Females
aliove 16
years.
64,807 I
52.927 I
4.731
61,766
16,093
7,481
76«
3,416
.: li' I
OS*
3.R33
4.^..'.
Male
negroes.
2,835
830
606
217
896
442
I.IXI
309
yi7
1 . .^•.1
Female
negroes.
2,366
816
622
188
1 , -1 17
r. '
l.ic.
324
601
1.309
7
601
Indlani
who pay
66,766
9,621
9.308
Total.
73,380
Si,638
3,988
16,067
23,614
14,083
13.084
3.162
13.793
:•: 1 1.1
238.897
1 Census of the State of New York. 1865.
184
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NEW JERSEY.
Table 100 -AN ACCOUNT OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW JERSEY, DISTINGUISHING THEIR AGE,
SEX, AND COLOUR, TAKEN IN THE YEAR 1726.'
[From P. R. O. B. T. New Jersey, Vol. Ill, E 32, and N. Y. Col. Docts., Vol. V, page 819.1
WHITES.
NEGROES.
Total of
both.
NAMES OF COUNTYS.
Males
above 16.
Females
above 16.
Males
under 16.
Females
under 16.
Total ol
whites.
Males
above 16.
Females
above 16.
Males
under 16.
Females
under 16.
Total of
negroes.
953
992
1,234
582
509
1,080
892
008
1,060
209
878
1,021
1,061
502
509
983
743
462
861
156
1,016
983
1,095
403
556
965
851
526
1,015
148
859
926
1,056
405
547
844
750
529
891
141
3,706
3,922
4,446
1,892
2,181
3,872
3,236
2,125
3,827
654
90
92
170
126
173
86
43
32
52
8
73
78
90
96
121
63
45
21
38
5
73
70
88
87
100
53
32
24
35
1
67
68
85
70
98
65
21
27
25
303
308
433
379
492
257
141
104
150
14
4,009
4,230
4,879
2,271
2,673
4,129
3,377
22,229
3,977
Cape May
668
8,179
7,176
7,558
6,948
29,861
872
630
563
616
2,581
32,442
Sent to the Lords of Trade by Gov. Burnet May 9th, 1727. "I now send Your Lordships an account of all the Inhabitants of New Jersey, as they were taken by the
Sherids of the severall Countys. They are about three-quarters of the Inhabitants of New York."— Ed.
1 New Jersey Archives, Vol. V, page 164. ' Corrected figures.
Table 101.— WHITE AND SLAVE POPULATION OF NEW JERSEY, ABOVE AND UNDER 16 YEARS OF AGE, BY SEX: 1737-38.
WHITES.
NEGROES <t OTHER SLAVES.
Total of
Both in
each
county.
COUNTIES.
Males
above 16.
Females
above 16.
Males
under 16.
Fe males
under 16.
Total of
Whites.
Males
above 16.
Females
above 16.
Males
under 16.
Females
under 16.
Total of
Slaves.
Middlesex
1,134
1,118
939
967
1,508
1,487
930
1,069
261
1,618
1,085
1,720
822
940
1,339
1,222
757
1.391
219
1,230
1,086
1,619
820
999
1,289
1,190
782
1,313
271
1,270
950
1,494
708
867
1,295
996
676
1.327
211
1,170
4.261
2 5,9.51
3,289
3,773
5,431
4,895
3,145
6,700
962
5,288
181
114
256
255
233
134
42
57
12
75
124
114
203
175
152
87
24
56
10
53
91
84
187
170
129
58
32
40
9
49
107
63
160
132
141
64
24
31
11
42
603
375
806
732
655
343
122
184
42
219
4. 764
2 6, 326
4,095
4,505
6,086
5,238
3,267
5,884
1.004
5,507
Total
211,631
10,725
10,639
9,700
2 42,695
1,359
998
849
775
3,981
2 46, 676
' New Jersey Archives, Vol. VI, page 244.
2 Corrected figures.
Table 102.~POPULATION OF NEW JERSEY IN 1737-38 AND IN 1745.i
(From P. R. O. B. T., New Jersey, Vol. V, F. 77.]
TTie Number of People in the Western Division of the Province of New Jersey taken by order of His Excellency Lewis
Morris Esq'r Captain General & Commander in Chief of the Province of New Jersey &c. in the Year of our
Lord 1745.
%
Morris
Hunterdon..
Burlington..
Gloucester. .
Salem
Cape May...
Total.
Males
above 16
Years.
1,109
2,302
1,786
913
1,710
306
8,132
Males
under 16
Years.
1,190
2,182
1,528
786
1,746
284
7,716
Females
above 16
Years.
957
2,117
1, 005
797
1, 603
272
2 7, 351
Females
under 16
Years.
1,087
2.090
1,454
808
1,595
274
7,308
Quakers or
Reputed
Quakers.
22
240
3,237
1,436
1,090
54
6,079
Males.
67
244
233
121
90
30
775
Females.
36
216
197
81
97
22
649
Whole
Nimiber of
Inhabi-
tants.
4,436
9,151
6.SU3
3,506
6,847
1.188
Increase
since
1737-8.
8,080
1,.565
239
963
184
2 31,931
11,031
Decrease
since
1737-8.
The Number of People in the Eastern Division of the Province of New Jersey taken per order as on preceding table.
Bergen
721
1,094
1.728
2,071
740
494
1,652
1,651
1,975
765
590
1,649
1,659
1,783
672
585
1,548
1.695
1,899
719
379
244
483
613
194
237
201
396
386
149
3, 006
'. 6. 988
7,012
8,627
3,239
1,089
31
Essex
35
400
3,131
91
Middlesex
2,848
2,541
Somersett
Total
6,964
6,537
6,353
6,446
2 3,667
1.813
1.369
i 29,472
6,389
1.120
Total in both Divisions
15,086
14,263
2 13,704
13,754
2 9, 736
2,588
2,018
2 61,403
16, 420
> New Jersey Archives, Vol. VI, pages 242, 243.
2 Corrected figures.
GENERAL TABLES.
185
MARYLAND.
Table 103.-AN ACCOUNT OF THE NUMBER OP SOULS IX THE PROVINCE OF MARYLAND, IN THE YEAR 1755.'
NAME or THE COUNTY.
TAXABLE PERSONS 16 YEAHS OF AOE.
Whites.
Mulaltoes.
Free.
Servants.
Men. I
I hired ' Men,
Men. I or In- con-
dent- vlcts,
Baltimore i 2,630
Ann ArundeU I 1,534
Calvert i 609
Prince George 1,515
Frederick 2,775
Charles I 1,929
St. Mary's.
Worcester.
Somerset..
Dorset
Talbot
Queen .\nne's.
Kent
CecU
Total.
561
1,768
1,343
1,950
1,223
1,745
1,454
1,345
S95
438
124
255
216
173
194
45
31
172
294
284
365
390
472
184
73
94
205
29
1
1
7
25
287
82
47
Free.
Hen.
Wom-
23,386 I 3,576 1,507
Slaves.
Men.
Wom-
72
33
7
120
Blacks.
Free.
Men.
119
Wom-
en.
69
Slaves.
rasaoMS NOT taxablk.
Whlta.
MoIatfaMi.
Blacks.
Free.
Hen.
1,144
1,472
SSO
1,278
437
1,196
822
401
637
624
647
643
«9I
Wonj-
1,060
519
151
314
950
761
359
571
514
595
672
523
216
10,828 >7,938
Clergy.
Men,
poor.
Wom-
en.
2,687
1,539
639
1,680
2,213
1,777
1,806
1,964
I,4'i6
2,097
1,296
1,843
1,448
1,186
Servants,
women.
Hired
or In- Con'
dent- vlcts.
ed.
200
93
61
5S
163
106
164
37
37
126
160
190
181
282
35 637 |23,521
Past labor or Past labor or
cripples. cripples.
Ftee.
8
4
10
73
a
12
A
8
Slaves.
Fraa.
Staves.
47
39
32
49
44
37
44
30
32
U
13
386
99 58 I
596
N.VME or THE COUNTY.
PERSONS UNDER 16 1-EARS OP AGE.
Whites.
Free.
Baltimore
Ann .\rundell
Calvert
Prince George
Frederick
Charles
St. Mary's
Worcester
Somerset
Dorset
Talbot
Queen Anne's
Kent
CecU
Total . . .
Servants . ,„„„
hired, or in- »<" v-uits,
dented.
Boys. I Girls. Boys. Oh-ls.
3,115
1,913
861
1,840
3,246
1,681
1,845
2,067
1,330
2,347
1,322
2,037
1,527
1,506
2,951
1,705
745
1,674
3,105
1,799
1,764
2,083
1.232
2,222
1,197
1,864
1,423
1,372
126
82
48
33
80
228
29
28
12
54
57
82
134
55
26,637 {25,136 I 1,048
convicts.
Boys. Gills.
67
Mulattoes.
Blacks.
Free.
Slaves.
Slaves.
Boys. Girts. Boys. Girls. Boys. Oirls. tBoys. I Girls.
I
23
17 '
55 :
19 ,
81
58
20
108
959
1,314
671
1,340
465
1,145
862
SGI
875
666
579
621
650
275
1,041
1,321
64.';
1,239
473
1,197
839
511
891
681
657
603
M3
252
AOOREGATE.
Whiles.
12,886
7,648
3.137
7.210
12,036
8,095
7.501
8.0>',4
5. S0\
9,041
5.623
8,461
6,743
6.247
Mulat-
toes.
312
210
146
302
152
428
366
15«
159
164
382
282
116
Blacks.
TotaL
4.040
5.2112
2.432
4. KM '
1,7S1 I
4.533 I
3,3X7 !■
1,90.5
3,(tH
2.548
17,238
13. 1.10
.I.TIS
ll.r.ie
13,9A9
1.1. 056
11.2,M
10.125
X.ftS2
11,753
2,528 8,533
2,487 11.240
2,584 i 9,443
1,0.11 7,731
10,983 :11.003 i|108,193 j 3,608 i 41,704 li 153,505
' Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. XXXIV, page 261.
> Corrected flguies.
GENERAL TABLES
DERIVED FROM THE FIRST AND
SUBSEQUENT CENSUSES
1790-1900
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
188
Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED ATTHE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790.
MAINE.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Cumberland county.
Bakerstown plantation
Bridcton
Brunswick
Bucklown plantation
Butterficld plantation
Cape Elizabeth
Durham
Falmouth
Flintiitott-n plantation
Freeport ■ ■
Gorham and Scarborough
Gray
Ilarpswell
New Gloucester
North Yarmouth
Otisfield plantation
Plantation No. 4
Portland
Raymondtown plantation
R u'sfield gore ■
Scarborough (see Gorham and Scar-
boroU(^h).
ShcpardsBeld plantation
Standish
Turner
Waterford plantation
Windham
Total.
25,530
WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Hancock county.
Barret tstovrn.
Belfast
Bluehill
Camden
Canaan .
1,270
329
1,387
453
189
1,356
722
2,995
190
1,327
4,476
577
1,071
1.358
1,923
197
344
2,239
345
102
528
705
349
160
938
9,542
Conduskeeg plantation
1 >cer Isle
Ducklrap
Eastern River township No. 2
Eddy township
Frankfort
Gouldsl>orough
IsleboroLigh
Mount nesert
Orphan Island
Orrinijton
Penobscot
Sedgwick
Small islands not belonging to any
town
Sullivan
Trenton (including township No. 1,
east side of Union river)
Tomiship No. 1 (Bucks)
Township No. 6 (west side of Union
rivers
Vinalhaven
Lincoln county.
173
245
274
331
132
567
683
278
240
110
891
267
382
744
124
477
1,010
569
66
504
312
316
239
678
29,733
Balltown
Bath
Boothbay
Bow'doin
Bowdoinham
Bristol
Canaan
Carratnnk
Carrs plantation, or Unity
Cbestcr plantation
Gushing
Ed L^t'cornb
Fairneld
Gpon:olown
('•Tfat Pond plantation
Grectie
Ilallowell
1 1 uncock
Hunts Meadow
Jones plantation
Lewistown and gore adjoining.
J.ittic liiver
i ,i1 tlol lorotigh plantation
I,iv<'rriiore, east side of .\ndroscoggin
rivt^r
Meduncook
New ("astle
Males.
16
years
and
over.
Under
10
years.
6,208 6,624
12,519
289
100
355
96
49
341
161
648
64
333
1,108
148
253
320
464
50
89
5<U
81
126
181
55
228
2,435
61
64
69
93
34
145
175
78
.")9
19
235
78
90
191
33
114
248
144
19
126
75
85
69
131
7,668
228
233
247
235
109
115
99
31
32
24
256
182
122
342
43
101
330
83
15
62
127
17
71
15
89
226
370
81
332
140
65
324
215
815
48
342
1,134
139
268
338
488
46
101
537
92
30
140
182
104
32
265
2,529
Fe-
males.
All
other
free
per-
sons.
44
55
79
85
39
170
182
82
03
32
235
64
114
207
31
128
248
isr,
17
123
92
81
49
154
7,679
611
147
662
211
85
683
343
1.504
88
650
2,187
290
539
694
957
95
154
1,122
170
50
261
341
158
73
444
4,640
251
259
248
261
127
143
132
35
33
19
235
259
114
320
62
90
281
64
21
63
140
15
69
79
221
68
126
125
153
69
249
318
118
lis
69
419
116
177
345
60
234
63S
270
144
148
120
292
425
444
499
459
218
257
215
39
62
27
451
402
217
654
69
172
,666
130
32
119
259
32
123
21
1.53
448
28
COtn^TY AND TOWN.
Total.
-Continued.
Lincoln county
New Sandwich
Nobleborough
Norridgewock
Norridgewock, settlement east of —
Pittston
Pownal borough
Prescotts and Whitchcrs plantation .
Rockmeeko, east side of river
Sandy river, first township
Sandy river, from its mouth to Carrs
plantation
Sandy river, middle township
Sandy river, upjier township
Seven Mile Brook
Sniithto^'n plantation
Starling plantation
Thomaston
Titcomb
Topsham
Twenty-five Mile Pond
Union
V^^ssal borough
Waldoborough
^\'aIes plantation
Warren
Washington
Winslow, with itsadjacents
Winthrop
Woolwich
Between Norridgewock and Seven
Mile Brook
WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Males.
Washington county.
Bucks Harbor Neck
Machias
Plantations east of Machias:
No. 1
No. 2
No. 4
No. 5
No.8
No. 9
No. 10
No. 11
No. 12
No. 13
Plantations west of Machias:
No. 4
No. 6
No. 6
No. 11
No. 12
No. 13
No. 22
York county.
Arundel
Berwick
Biddetcrd
Brownfield township
Brownfield to^^'nship — in the gore
adjoining
Buxton
Co.xhall
Francisborough plantation
Fryeburgh
Hiram
Kittery
Lebanon
Limerick
Little Falls
Little Ossipee
New Penacook
Parsonsfield
Pepperellborough
Porterfield
Sanford
Shapleigh
Sudbury-Canada
Sudbury, settlements adjoining
Suncook _
Washington plantation
Waterborougn
Waterford
Wells
York
296
1,310
332
43
603
2,043
32
59
493
324
65
60
138
612
108
799
147
826
119
200
1,246
1,720
440
646
612
798
1,227
791
147
2,760
61
818
144
54
84
244
29
42
37
54
233
177
209
95
8
223
175
29,078
16
years
and
over.
1,461
3,890
1,018
146
20
1,508
701
409
549
92
3,206
1,2'6
409
607
663
77
664
1,343
71
1,798
1,319
324
51
85
261
968
154
3,061
2,898
91
316
91
11
182
535
12
28
141
78
17
18
41
142
60
207
34
215
33
53
301
429
115
178
166
203
304
205
754
Under
16
years.
65
348
89
12
133
635
8
7
127
93
15
17
34
129
31
209
36
203
27
50
311
454
120
148
138
223
328
195
708
14
229
18
41
16
24
75
9
14
8
13
1
71
45
56
22
4
81
43
7,276
307
978
273
39
6
357
104
98
142
22
705
310
98
159
144
23
174
339
23
449
310
82
17
22
72
229
45
819
750
18
210
16
30
13
26
60
7
6
10
15
5
59
49
56
24
1
61
44
7,193
Fe-
males.
140
642
1.52
20
281
969
11
24
223
162
33
25
62
240
77
379
77
398
59
94
623
824
295
307
308
371
593
390
1,278
All
other
free
per-
sons.
376
920
233
37
5
402
235
101
138
29
696
344
110
147
200
13
169
358
14
473
370
89
13
25
51
276
35
733
602
29
372
32
67
25
34
109
13
23
19
26
1
103
83
98
49
3
105
87
14,451
708
1,950
506
68
9
746
362
210
268
41
1,706
622
200
301
318
41
311
646
34
876
630
153
21
38
138
463
74
1,494
1,518
10
Slaves.
20
158
39
GENERAL TABLES.
189
Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT TUE FIRST CENSUS. BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-
Continued.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
COUNTV AND TOWN.
Total.
Cheshire county 28, 753
Acworth
Alstead
Charles town
Clie->lorneld
Cl.in^inont
Cornish
Crov'lon
Dublin
FllzwiUiam
Gilsotn
Ilins'lale
Jallriy
Koone
I.antjdon
Leinpster
Marlborough
Marlow
New Grantham.
NewTMit
Packorsficld
Plalnficld
Proli'ctworth...
Richmond
Rln.lOT
Slodilard
Sullivan
Scirry
Swanzey
Inily
Waliiole
Wasliincton
Wendell
Westmoreland..
Winchester
Grafton county.
705
1,112
1,094
l,g03
1,423
9S2
5311
899
1,038
298
524
1.238
1,307
244
415
786
319
333
779
724
1,024
210
1,380
1,143
701
220
448
1,155
538
1,254
545
2G7
2,0(10
1,209
13,408
Alexandria
Bartlett
Balh
BridKOwater
Burton
Cambridge (not Inhabited)
Campion
Canaan
Chatham
Co<-kl)um
Cockermouth
Coll'ume
Com ord (alias Gunthwalte)
Coventry
Dalton
Dame's Location
Dartmouth
Dorchester
Dtiinmer (not inhabited)
Enfield (ali;isUelhan)
E rrol ( not Inhabited)
Franconia
Cratton
Hale's l.ocation
Hanover (including l.W students at
Dartmouth College)
Hart's l^ooation
Haverhill
Kilkenny (not inhabited)
Lancaster
LandafT
Lebanon
Lincoln
Littleton
Lyman
Lyme
Milineld (not inhabited)
New Chester
New I loldemess
Northumberland
Orange
Ortord
Peeling (not inhabited)
Percy
Piemiont
Plymouth
Rumney
Senter's' I.ocation
Shelbume
Stark's Location
Sterling's Location
Stratford
WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Males.
16
years
and
over.
Under
16
years.
7,008 I 7,567 14,090
Fe-
males.
21)8
307
441
348
238
121
227
2.55
70
127
285
319
58
110
175
73
90
187
170
259
5G
332
276
162
48
117
291
133
327
137
70
473
298
3,7CS
197
285
254
S32
389
258
150
223
278
64
142
336
318
76
95
219
90
S8
198
208
277
49
368
306
194
68
111
286
139
335
135
64
524
311
3,311
297
248
493
281
141
395
483
58
26
373
29
313
88
14
21
111
175
724
72
403
9
1,379
12
552
161
292
1,180
22
96
202
816
312
329
117
131
540
48
426
625
411
8
35
29
79
55
117
84
34
113
137
17
9
94
10
91
21
3
4
34
48
188
22
476
3
163
45
75
375
8
28
57
231
70
96
34
32
140
14
103
182
97
5
12
8
3
44
87
57
136
62
45
79
123
13
5
104
6
75
20
4
8
25
45
173
348
558
531
928
682
484
262
444
505
164
251
606
663
IDS
207
392
156
153
389
343
486
104
680
554
344
103
220
572
265
589
273
133
998
595
6,340
All
other
free
per-
sons.
131 {
135
239
134
62
202
223
28
12
175
13
147
47
7
9
52
82
18
110
2
297
4
118
45
80
282
5
26
39
103
73
27
37
125
11
113
142
113
32
194
4
596
5
266
70
Slaves.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Total.
Grafton county— Continued.
Success (not inhabited)
Thornton
Tmcoihick (not iniiablted)
Wales's Location
Warren
Wenlworth
Uiilsborough county..
Amherst
Andover
.\ntrim
Bedford
Boscawen
Bradford
Campion's Gore
Dearmg
Dern'lield
DcrrWield Gore
Dunliarlon
l>unstable
Dti.xhury Mile.slip..
Fisherslield
Frances town
Gotlstown
Hancock
Ileniker
Hillsborough
Mollis
llopkinton
Kersar^re Gore
Litchlleld
Lyndborotigh
l.yndborough Gore.
Mason
Merriniac
New Boston
New Ipswich
New London
Nottingham West...
Peterborough
Kaby
Salisbury
Sharon
Society Land
Sutton
Temple
Warner
\\'eare
Wilion
WHITE roPDLATlOM
Ol 1790.
yean
and
385
S
206
241
32,883
96
1
62
5«
8,145
2,360
645
536
897
1,108
217
120
938
362
30
921
634
160
325
983
1,275
0.14
1,124
798
1,441
1,715
103
360
1,280
38
922
819
1,204
1,241
311
1,004
861
338
1,362
280
329
520
747
863 t
1.924
1,097
571
166
138
210
282
56
28
213
92
10
209
179
39
68
232
324
156
266
193
340
445
27
99
313
11
215
209
313
338
69
267
221
86
335
68
84
132
177
220
491
253
Rockingham county 43,184 11,141
71 I
137
515
9 I
42
106
392 I
8 1.
160
56
61
272
Aliensiown
.\tkinson
Bow
Brintwood
Candia
Canterbury
Chester
Chichester
I Concord
lieerlield
East Kingston
I Kpping
; Epsom
Exeter
C,osfH>rt (on Star Island).
(Jri-enland
llampsteo'l
I Hampton
; ilampton Falls
I llawke
I Kensington
I Kingston
* Londonderry
' lx>udon
\..u, i-tle
255
480 I
566 I
976 I
1,040
1,048 ;
1,899
492
1,738
1,613
358
1,255
830
1,722
93
634
725
853
540
422
604
905
2,604
1,074 I
,U4
68
129
147
255
246
295
490
137
494
444
90
338
200
437
32
170
195
238
ISO
101
233
244
676
273
ir.
Onder males.
16
years.
98
191
AO
ottacr
tree
per-
23
206
297
201
3
18
16
4
65
I
.Nuiiiu»:huin
Felhatn
I'embrook
Pittslield I s^j
Plaistow 516
Poplin I «3
Portsmouth <,730
3 2 I
64 80
73^ 112
8,392 16,170
4
176
575
167
144
240
274
60
35
364
95
4
344
146
45
105
334
303
160
325
211
378
417
37
87
349
8
342
307
303
3S5
90
346
213
89
385
63
89
122
196
195
500
270
1,205
312
244
440
551
101
57
459
175
16
448
308
85
152
517
614
315
525
303
723
852
«
166
618
19
462
393
578
614
152
544 I
423 '
160
640
129
156
266
368
448 :
931
562
18
Oa*
7
1
2
20
1
=1
8
1
1
"
3
10
10
4
9.667 '21,987 292
97
2oi ,
134
136
1,158 I
-.'"
414
4
123
299
104
251
i
I
973
2,4!.7
78
at
190
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-
Continued.
NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued.
Total.
■WHITE POPULATION
IS 1790.
All
other
tree
per-
sons.
Slaves.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Total.
WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
All
other
free
per-
sons.
Males.
Fe-
males.
Males.
Fe-
males.
Slaves.
16
years
and
over.
Under
16
years.
16
years
and
over.
Under
16
years.
Rockingham county— Cont'd,
727
865
1,218
562
715
449
882
^663
23,611
177
226
287
138
178
125
229
156
181
1S9
294
115
178
82
158
173
361
439
626
309
357
241
486
328
11,596
8
8
9
3
2
Strafford county— Continued.
Lee
1,036
592
882
617
565
554
445
652
339
2,852
1,587
905
945
3
48
266
109
646
447
277
167
248
151
133
139
108
171
86
728
415
216
248
2
10
67
29
158
110
224
126
211
162
148
140
118
173
82
740
424
243
211
.......
72
20
195
120
533
295
419
304
283
275
212
306
171
1,383
748
446
481
1
25
126
60
293
217
I
4
RVP
Madbury
Merideth
Middleton
Salem
Siiniio \vn
2
1
8
1
64
i
5
21
Moiil t onborough
1
New Durham
New Durham Gore
7
2
New Hampton
Ossipee
6,012 5,918
1
807
2,481
574
1,996
1,246
254
153
2,610
192
608
149
547
336
60
42
615
214
650
146
418
271
72
43
682
400
1,221
279
1,005
634
122
67
1,290
2
1
Somersworth
'
4
is
2
8
3
Sterling's I^ocation
1
Tuftonborougll
22
1
1
W aken e 1 d
I
VERMONT.
Addison county —
Addison
Bridport
Bristol
Cornwall
Ferrisburg
Hancock
Kingston '
Leicester
Middlebury
Monkton
New Haven
Fan ton
Salisbury
Shoreham
Vergennes
Weybritlge
Whiting
Bennington county
Arlington
Bennington
Bromley
Dorsett
Glastonbury
Landgrove
Manchester
Pownal
Reedsborough
Rupert
Sandgate
Shaftsburj-
Stamford."
Sunderland
Winhall
Woodford
Chittenden county .
Alburgh
Bakersneld
Bolton
Burlington
Cambridge
Cambridge Gore
Charlotte
Colchester
Duxhnry
Elmore
Essex
Fairfax
Fairfield
Fletcher
Georgia
Highgate
ITinesburgh
Hungerford
Huntsburgh
Hydespark
Isle Mott
Jerico
Johnson
Middlesex
Milton
Minden
402
450
211
825
481
56
101
344
395
449
717
220
444
701
201
174
249
12,206
992
2.350
71
957
34
31
1,278
1,732
(53
1,034
773
1,990
272
414
155
60
7,287
446
13
88
330
359
15
635
137
39
12
354
254
126
47
340
103
454
40
46
43
47
381
93
60
283
18
1,708 1,656
108
123
53
214
137
18
26
94
125
122
180
57
122
198
73
3,103
252
628
21
240
6
7
3.38
418
16
251
198
491
69
113
39
18
2,251
147
4
21
108
108
3
189
42
9
7
118
85
43
13
105
26
127
16
25
10
18
115
31
16
90
6
106
122
57
218
119
11
31
81
92
134
218
06
107
161
35
41
57
3,205
252
601
19
230
11
4
339
498
15
289
189
528
65
101
46
18
1,761
106
4
26
68
84
6
142
40
18
1
76
61
28
14
80
31
115
8
10
12
13
90
16
19
65
6
2,959
186
205
101
393
213
27
44
169
176
193
319
97
215
337
79
84
121
5,865
488
1,101
31
487
17
20
596
815
32
404
380
907
137
199
69
20
3,252
189
5
41
151
167
6
301
55
12
4
100
108
55
20
155
45
212
11
11
18
16
176
46
25
128
6
37
20
23
Chittenden county — Cont'd.
More town
Morristown
New Huntington
New H untington Gore
North Hero
St. Albans
St. George
Shelbume
Smithfield
South Hero
Starksborough
Swan ton
Underbill
Waitsfield
Waterbury
Westford
Wilhston
Wolcott
Orange county.
Bamet
Barton (not inhabited)
Berlin
BilljTnead (not inhabited)
Bradford
Braintree
Brookfield
Brownington (not inhabited)...
Brunswick
Burke (not inhabited)
Cabot
Calais
Caldersburgh (not inhabited) . . .
Canaan
Chelsea
Concord
Corinth
Danville
Dewev's Gore
Fairley
Ferdinand (not inhabited)
Glover (not inhabited)
Granby (not inhabited)
Greensborough
Groton
Guildhall
Hardwick
Ifarris Gore (not inhabited)
Hopkins Grant (not inhabited).
Lemington
Lewis (not inhabited)
Littleton
Ivunenburgh
Lyndon
Maidstone
Marshfield (not inhabited)
Minehead (not inhabited)
Montpelier
Navy (not inhabited)
Newark (not inhabited)
Newbury
NorthfieUl
Orange (not inhabited)
Peachura
Randolph
Random (not inhabited)
24
10
136
31
125
256
57
387
70
S37
40
74
59
61
93
03
469
32
10, 526
477
'i34'
654
221
419
122
45
19
239
49
578
574
48
403
19
45
158
3
31
63
119
125
872
40
3(>5
893
10
6
34
10
40
89
14
108
28
164
15
22
16
21
22
23
136
11
2,873
137
"is'
158
61
113
4
77
18
147
165
12
132
225
10
102
227
40
7
25
61
17
103
14
128
6
25
12
16
27
8
120
7
2,765
176
66
116
15
5
62
12
156
139
IS
120
222
10
90
237
4
62
14
67
105
26
176
28
245
19
27
31
24
44
32
213
14
4,847
207
10
100
19
275
270
18
210
413
20
173
429
I
GENERAL TABLES.
TA„..P.104.-P0rri.ATI0N AS REPORTED ATTUEKIRSTCENSUS.BYC0UXT1ESAXI.MI.X0U.IVILDIVISI0NS: 17
Conliiniwl.
191
90—
VEK M O NT-Conllnucd.
COUNTV AND TOWN.
Orange coanty — Continued.
Roxbury
Uyecatc
.St. .Vmirews (not Inhabited)
> t. Johrisbury
Sliollifld (not Inhabited)
Slraironi
Tlietfonl
Topslmni
Tunlirl.lge
\'ershi re
\'ictory (not inhabited)
Watiien
Wal'len's Gore
Washinj.'ton
Westmoro (not inhabited)
\\'hpploclc
Wildersliurgh ■
Williamstown
Winloolc (not inhabited)
Woodbury (not inhabited)
Rutland county
Benson
Brandon
Ca.stleton
Chittenden
Claren<lon
Danby
Fair H a ven
Harwich
Hui)l)ardton
Ira.
WHITE roPDUnON
IN ITSO.
Total
14
187
143
162
487
439
33
76
146
15,590
KillinRton
Middletown
Midway
Or«-ell
Tawlet
Philadelphia
I'ittsfield
I'it Lsford
I'oull nev
Rutland , 1
Shrewsbury '
Sudbury I
Tinniou'th i
Wallingtord i
WeUs
658
637
809
159
.480
,206
545
165
410
312
32
699
34
778
,458
39
49
8c0
,120
,417 I
382 '
258 I
9.35
538 '
620|
Males.
16
years
and
over.
54
213
211
121
117
Under
10
years.
2
54
228'
218
5fi
147
118
Fc-
inalps.
3,990
185
154
210
38
343
276
174
38
120
77
11
169
7
215
348
12
13
219
282
396
98
67
247
142
149
182
168
222
49
397
333
121
49
94
82
10
172
9
218
399
9
12
208
292
3,^1
101
69
244
131
176
6
87
"m
"m
419
70
219
204
7,470
All
other
free
per-
sons.
290 I
314 '
376 I
72 .
740 .
589 I
2.T0 '.
78 .
190 .
I.i3 1.
11 .
358 1.
18 I.
341
709 I
18 .
24 .
422;
5.19
6G8
1.<13 '.,
122 ,..
442
262
295 L,
Slaves.
32
2 '.
Athens
Bratlleborougb
Dummerston. .
Ouiirord
Hallifax
Hinsdale
Jamaica.
Johnson's Oore.
Londonderry
Marlborough
New Fane,
Putney
Rockingham • i
Somerset,
Btratlon
Thomlinson
Towasend
Wanlsborough, North District
WardsliorouKh, South District.
\Vestiiiin.sti'r
Wbilingham
Wilmington
ADdover
Barnard
Bethel
Bridgwater
Cavendish
Chester
Hartford
Hartland.
Ludlow
Norwich I 1
Pomfret
Reading
Rochester,
Royal ton
Sal (ash,
Sharon.
Springfield i
Stockbridge
Wejithorsllelil I 1
Windsor I 1
Woodstock 1
MASSACHTTSETTS.
Barnstable county 17, 342
Barnstable
Chatham
Ea.sthatii
Falmouth
Harwich
Marshpeo plantation .
Province Town
Sandwich
Truro
Welltlct
Yarmouth
Berkshire county.
.\dafns
Adams and Windsor— in the gore
ailjoining
Alford
B(?cket
Bethlehem
Dalton
Egromont
Great Harrington
JIancock
Lanesborough
Lee,
2,610
1,134
1,834
1,639
2,392
308
454
1,991
1,193
1,115
2,672
30,263
lycnox
Loudon
Moimt Washington
Mount Washington (Boston Comer).
New .\shford
New Maril>orough
Partridgefleld
Pittsfltld
Richmond
2,041
425
577
751
261
554
759
1,373
1,204
2.142
1.170
1,169
344
261
67
464
1,5.50
1,041
1,982
1,255
4,200 4,093 8,677
631
266
420
420
545
35
142
•ICO
324
301
650
102
142
195
62
129
187
328
295
522
286
279
96
57
13
93
395
2.50
491
336
623
290
431
305
593
27
99
1,301
575
974
816
1,243
72
21
4f.« 1,015
279 .586
252 , 5(10
665 1,324
7,790
561
121
173
187
73
134
191
315
322
547
310
299
84
78
21
126
400
279
497
291
14,794
1,003
191
262
362
125
283
378
664
.586
1,058
.571
674
164
126
33
243
742
.509
949
624
372
3
3
38
11
174
2 i
47 [
4
2 !
33 I
323
Berkshire county— Continued.
Sandislleld
SandisSeld- south 11,000 acres ad-
joining
Shemeldf
Stockbridgo
Tyringhani ,
Washington ,
West Stockl. ridge
Williainstown
Wdtiamstown— in the gore adjoin-
ing
Windsor
Zoor plan tat Ion '
Bristol county 31,096
Attleborough
Berkley
Dartmouth
DIghton
Easton
Freetown
Mansfield
New Bedford
Norton
Rarnham
Rcnoboth
Somerset
Swaniey i -
Taunton 3.soi
Wotport i 2.403
Dukes county. ^ ?'■'■
Chllmark
Edgartown , 1 , .144
Tisbury I 1,140 ;
612
5S.5
»12
1,«28
1,571
379
379
8M
8
161
1.893
37
467
43
462
81
932
S2
1,336
311
322
639
M
1,397
337
368
683
0
588
143
llfl
283
3
1,113
260
298
545
10
1,709
445
454
865
i
51
916
8
222
22
233
21
454
7 '
78
16
7.956
20
6.939
43
16.071
1, . ..
31,096
730
2.167
505
4,51
1,1.33
18
850
213
179
446
13
2,500
645
.541
1.231
8S
1 . 7!".l
41'.
409
879
89 1
1 ■'
379
704
17 '
465
1,121
5.5
|f«
509
5
-, ■ I
'-'"
1,686
38
1 ■;.->
;■■
730 '
543
.'.40,^ ,
13
29
91
823
711
1,696
25
199 ,
336
3881
1,57
318
236
405
683
009
10
8
7
> Schedules ml.sslng.
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
192
T.B.. 10. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS. BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-
lAiii-t. xw«. i Continued.
MASSACHUSETTS-Continued.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Total.
WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Males.
Essex county P^' 8^"
Amesbury '■
Andover | ^
Beverly.
Boxfor'd
Bradford
Danvers
Gloucester
Haverhill
Ipswich
Lynn
Lynnfield
Manchester
Marblehead
Methuen
Middleton
Newbury
Newbur j*port
Rowley ."
Salem
Salisbury
Topsfield
Wenliam
Hampshire county.
Amherst
Ashfield
Belchertown
Bemardston
Blandford
Brirafield
Buckland
Charlemont
Chester
Chesterfield
Colrain
Conway
Cummington
Deerfield
Easthampton
Goshen
Granby
Granville
Greenfield
Greenwich
Hadley
Hatfield
Heath
Holland
Leverett
Leyden
Lonsmeadow
Ludlow
Middlefield
Monson ^
Montague
Montgomery
New Salem
Northampton '
Northfield
Norwich
Orange
Palmer
Pelham
Plainfield
Plantation No. 7.
Rowe -■..
Shelburne
Shutesbury
South Brimfield..
South Hadley
Southampton
Southwick
Springfield
Sunderland
Ware
Warwick
Wendell
West Springfield.
Westfiekl
Westhampton
Whatelv
Wilbraham
Williamsburgh.
801
802
295
925
371
424
317
404
503
291
491
959
601
295
682
,970
,817
,772
917
779
781
602
59,656
16
years
and
over.
14,258
1,233
1.458
1,485
690
1,416
1,213
718
665
1,119
1,183
1,418
2,093
873
1,328
457
681
590
1,980
1.498
1,045
882
703
379
428
524
989
744
560
603
1,331
908
449
1,543
1,628
868
737
784
809
1,040
443
540
443
1,183
674
606
759
829
841
1,674
462
773
1,244
519
2,367
2,206
682
735
1,553
1,049
Worthingtou ' 1,117
Under
16
years.
12,567
30, 182
470
741
748
247
378
625
1,267
612
1,151
625
119
233
1,265
338
164
1,038
1,153
453
1,846
457
214
114
15,109
384
612
739
191
263
486
1,218
535
920
514
108
202
1,327
293
140
844
1,072
306
1,707
381
156
109
15,009
Fe-
males.
All
other
tree
per-
sons.
944
1.415
1,750
481
725
1,279
2,791
1,250
2,414
(1,132
201
515
2,982
063
362
2,047
2,525
944
4,104
931
398
269
29,087 451
335
354
370
175
345
318
164
166
285
283
348
500
237
352
127
161
164
497
391
271
240
199
86
115
126
209
200
134
154
336
236
110
390
498
224
186
186
215
240
106
135
119
300
160
144
209
226
215
415
123
189
277
130
630
527
162
184
380
258
287
872
3
94
58
6
5
34
41
7
78
20
3
9
87
1
16
41
67
9
200
10
13
10
Slaves.
287
369
390
172
359
309
191
173
300
317
371
558
212
306
108
185
154
501
390
265
187
117
105
97
129
297
182
158
172
324
219
116
387
341
224
197
203
186
277
118
l.W
122
273
196
171
181
178
217
3.59
101
205
308
147
525
566
185
199
393
261
278
609
734
713
343
703
584
363
326
527
581
088
1,022
419
646
221
327
276
909
714
504
430
343
188
204
268
481
356
266
277
0.53
451
221
705
771
415
350
395
396
617
214
249
202
598
315
291
359
418
397
787
237
378
057
242
1.160
1,055
333
351
755
620
647
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Middlesex county .
Acton §53
Ashbv
Bedford
Billerica
Boxborough
Cambridge
Carlisle
Charles town
Chelmsford
Concord
Dracut
Dunstable
East Sudbury
Framlngham
Groton
Holliston
Hopkinton
Lexington
Lincoln
Littleton
Maiden
Marlborough
Medford
Natick
Newton
Pepperell
Reading
Sherburn
Shirley
Stoneham
Stow
Sudbury
Tewksb'ury
Townsend
Tyngsborough on north side of Mer-
rimack
Tyngsborough on south side of Mer-
rimack
Waltham
Watertown
Westford
Weston
Wilmington
Wobum
Total.
42,769
WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Males.
Nantucket county.
Sherburn..
Plj-mouth county.
Abington
Bridgewater
Carver
Duxborough
Halifax
Hanover
Kingston
Marshfield
Middleborough.
Pembroke
Pl>-mouth
Plymton
Rochester
Scituate
Wareham
Bellingham
Boston
Boston, islands in the harbor.,
Braintree
Brookline
Chelsea
Cohasset
Dedham
Dorchester
Dover
Foxborough
Franklin
Hingham
Hull.
Medfield
Med way...
■61
523
1,191
412
2,109
656
1,589
1,144
1,585
1,217
380
801
1,598
1,840
874
1,316
941
740
854
1,0.32
1,552
1,030
010
1,364
1,132
1,802
868
677
381
800
1,288
965
993
181
202
880
1,091
1,229
1,009
710
1,724
4,665
16
years
and
over.
Under
16
years.
11,071
4,656
29,512
1,463
4,953
847
1,457
664
1,084
1,006
1,269
4,524
1,964
2,995
956
2,642
2,854
854
Suffolk county 44, 865
735
038
282
775
484
409
817
659
722
482
6.83
,101
,085
120
731
,040
9,620
21,486
216
187
150
336
100
634
149
395
327
414
310
107
206
394
477
236
310
251
180
223
239
431
262
141
332
286
480
249
100
108
205
324
237
273
44
62
232
319
301
266
181
452
1,201
1,201
7,493
357
1,250
214
378
178
268
201
386
1,166
480
749
233
680
692
202
11,366
187
4,325
192
6S7
1.52
133
188
438
488
119
106
305
605
24
201
285
Fe-
males.
All
other
free
per-
sons.
204
194
117
256
86
464
99
300
233
312
284
79
176
350
429
199
329
212
184
177
214
336
215
133
301
245
386
211
166
83
196
287
231
244
50
46
207
260
306
226
172
394
1,017
592
427
309
254
595
217
1,063
306
809
672
830
684
193
410
828
929
424
665
470
370
438
559
778
525
300
696
581
906
392
354
182
397
675
480
472
87
87
431
511
618
604
345
865
2,303
Slaves.
i,536
339
1,121
214
322
155
235
222
210
1,051
433
646
220
606
654
208
2,303
14,984
6
1
2
5
9
58
2
26
12
29
39
1
9
26
5
16
12
8
6
16
20
8
34
36
26
20
31
6
2
8
3
2
7
4
742
2,457
407
747
329
546
505
645
2,284
998
1,646
499
1,302
1,543
434
9,333 23,104
184
3,376
25
640
94
94
212
300
345
112
169
235
454
31
120
208
362
9,676
60
1,430
225
221
417
844
859
247
348
658
1,102
63
395
521
34
499
15
125
12
10
2
35
18
28
24
43
54
4
64
65
10
1,062
2
761
5
18
13
21
1 Schedules missing.
GENERAL TABLES.
Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT TUE FIRST CENSUS. BY COUNTIES AND
Continued.
193
MINORCIVIL DIVISIONS: 17<X)—
MAS8ACHU8KTTS— Continued.
I
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Total.
WHITE POnTtATIOK
i» 1790.
Males.
16
yeais
and
over.
SuHoIk county — Continued.
Milton
Needham
Roxl)ury
Sharon
Stoiiphton
Walpole
\V'e>'mouth
Wrenthani
1,039
1,109
2,224
1,034
1,994
1,007
1,469
1,766
Worcester county 50,764
Ashburnham
Athol
Barre
Berlin
Bolton
Bovlston
Broolcncld
Charlton
Douglas
Dudley
Fitchburgh ! 1
Fitchburgh— In the gore adjoining. . .1
Garriner
Gerry
Grafton
Hard wick 1
Harvard 1
HoUlen i 1
n ubbardston
Lancaster 1.
Leicester 1 ,
Leominster 1
Leominster— In the gore adjoining. . .
271
272
618
256
484
254
346
470
14,600
212
219
426
129
237
227
784
501
267
265
265
2
121
177
241
459
362
278
221
387
286
314
5
Under males.
16
years.
AU
other
tree
per-
i sons.
Slaves.
205
269
459
258
477
251
308
387
13,664 {28,091
536
555
1,107
515
1,012
497
747 '
907
409
2G0
205
401
138
171
183
765
490
264
275
300
6
156
182
210
393
298
267
257
313
248
254
10
475
419
748
245
447
416
1,547 '
970 I
548
549 I
585
l>
253
379
421
857
716
532
440
737
537
613
12
Cin-\TV \\r' ToW.V-
WHITE PfiruLATION
IN 179U.
Total.
Mala.
16
Fo-
years p^""'*'' 'natof.
and I .';•,
over. >™"-
13 I
11
15 |.
23 .
8 '.
8 '.
Worcester county— Continued.
Lunenburgh
Mendon [ 'i
Middlesex gore (adjoining' Stiir-
brldge;
Mlltord .""
New Bralnlree
North borough
Northljridge !!!!...
Oakliam
Oxford '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Oxford, north gore ',.'.'.'.['.'.'.'.
Oxford, south gore
Pax ton ' ;
Petersham "I
Princeton i
Princeton— In the gore adjoining
Royalslon
Rutland
Shrewsbury
Southborough
Spencer
Sterling
Sturbrldge
Sutton
Templelon
Upton
Uxbrldge
Ward
Westborough
Western
Westminster
WInchendon
Worcester
1,277
1,556
i.l'j
569
772
995
74
163
558
1,5<jO
1,010
26
1,130
1,071
963
837
1,321
1.428
1.703
2,627
950
830
1,308
473
929
898
1,176
945
2,095
302 I
3t«
I'l
137
191
271
19
34
140
3'J7
258
5
275
204
269
2U5
338
377
445
666
232
210
344
128
239
240
310
238
601
310
300
20
175
iwt
l.'i2
140
107
234
18
43
139
377
251
6
2N2
243
im
189
316
350
400
652
226
199
311
118
2.'i6
zr?
277
2M
494
663
795
29
427
4>i3
31 r2
257
3S3
485
37
80
271
781
£04
!,-]
52t.
473
442
661
687
854
1,297
492
392
636
227
430
414
5S5
4.U
949
AU
other
fr«e
per-
•ons.
13
14
4
I
i i
Slaves.
^!
RHODE ISLAKD.
Bristol county 3, 211
Banington ' 683
Bristol 1,412
Warren 1, 1 16
Kent county 8,851
Coventry | 2,483
East Greenwich I 1,S26
Warwick 2, 490
West Greenwich 2, 052
Newport county 14, 351
Jamestown 507
Little C'ompton I,.'j29
Middletown 840
New Shoreham 681
Newport 6, 744
Portsmouth 1, 600
Tiverton 2,450
165
327
286
677 1,558
144
292
241
2,158 2,128
645
428
566
519
3,256
633
393
516
586
2,856
100
357
214
154
1,460
402
569
91
356
161
133
1,244
350
521
lOO
330
677
551
4,153
1, 165
920
1,151
917
7,062
35
72
222
"20
805
232
771
424
290
3,393
792
1,160
5
13
35
10
372
68 I
22
26
.Wi
421
37
175
I
16
23
15
48
226
19
25
Providence county 24, 376
Cranston
Cimiljerland
Foster
Clocestcr
Johnston
North Providence..
Providence
Scitiiate
Smithlleld
1,877 ,
1,966
2,268
4,016
1.320
1.071
6.371
2.316
3.171 '
Washington county 18.323
;;? !
Charlestown I 2.023
Exeter 2,496
Ilopkinton ' 2. 464
North Kingstown | 2.904
Richmond ' 1.7'
Sotuh Kingstown 1 4,:;
Westerly 2,:- ■
6,155
444
503
528
9S6
333
270
1,709
563
819
3.709
345
SS3
522
5,486 '11,877 I 777
408
4S5
«13
995
2!<n
237
1,249
548
681
4,598
445
613
6X5
942
970
i.ns
2.012
2,939
1.170
1,584
8,219
73
10
8
IS
4
22
1
71
3
SO
6
427
47
29
6
82
S
1,453
344
815
406 ;
1.176
87 '
1.17S
72
1.341
199
815
'*
I.R13
545
1.081
68
12
37
7
»0
2
180
10
CONTTECTICUT.
Fairfield countv
36,290
9,149
8,394
17.630
318
799
Hartford county— Continued.
2.SS3
2.732
2.611
4.072
2.679
2.104
2.485
3.790
2,631
38.63.^
,— -
1
540
645
953
731
10.135
275
396
354
348
S.-W
KS5
485
105
442
7W
684
«7«
590
9. 2-17
:iu
317
4,914
733
367
2a'i
40.'S
7'(3
61S
l.W
i:»4
1- 717
1.7,1
6.T5 i
9.7S2 1
1.5IS [
847
364
S14
I..M7
1.318 ,
X
71
9
79
11
18
28
51
27
313
7
Brookfleld
1,012
3.032
4.010
3,175
2.742
1.572
2,788
S,810
1..W1
1.947
3,222
2,479
38,149 1
267
781
1,028
798
671
401
720
2,187
390
488
799
619
9,808
219
704
896
698
625
404
637
2,099
327
461
724
600
8,844
516
1.504
1,869
1,559
1,278
754
1,350
4.324
735
989
1.552
1,200
18.846
7
20
14
38
48
4
10
83
17
4
49
24
395
3
2:!
27
Danbun*
1 firanbv
Fairflelil
2m
71
H'lrtfoV'l
47
2
Huntinu'ton
ton
II
New FairBeld
38
Newtown
^> ••ui'Tshfld
59
Norwalk \
Stamford /
117
32
5
98
36
256
Windsor
19
Litchfield county
203
Rldgelield
1.056
1,475
1.367
1.317
20.278
"27'
......
191
39
14
5
11
3
12
4
Stratford
19
S
Weston
Kent
Hartford county
Litchfield
gQ
25
21
Berlin
2, 4%
2.468
3,012
2,581
1,805 ,
632
592
787
712
476
562
615
668
561
393
1,288
1,242
1,519
1,274
923
12
17
7
26
2
2
Souihbury
1,734
775
1,877
3,143
2,041 1
«
East Hartford
'I
13
Washington
S
East Windsor
Waiertown
11
Enfield
Woodbury
11
194
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROT\TH.
Table 104.— POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790—
Continued.
CONJTEC TIC UT— Continued.
COTISTY AXr TOWX
COUSTT AND TOWIf.
Middlesex county
Chatham
East Haddain
Haddam
KiUingwoith.
Middlelown
Saybrook
New Haven conntr
Branford
Cheshire
Derby
Durliam
East Haven
Guilford
Hamden
Milford
New Haven city.
North Haven... -
W'allin^ord
WaterbxuT
Woodbrid'ge
New London coonty
Total.
Tolland county 13,251
i,3eo
2,125
1,059
2,313
1,220
1,S59
1,4S4
e.'iO
Willington I 1,201
Windham county 28,8S1
2,5S2
1,327
1,885
1,333
2,162
4,156
2,635
i,ni
1,760
2,270
1,SC5
2,764
2,4.n
WHITE POPrLATION
IN 1790.
Male§.
and
over.
Fe-
I Under males.
I 16
\ years.
All
Other
free
per-
sons.
3,449 3,138 | 6,524
376 ,
513
2S6
639
322
475
387
150
301
323 635
509 1,0S0
220 533
526 1,104
300 ,
454
361
162
283 1
591
928
n7
317
599
7,436 6,547 14,373
661
352 I
501
339 I
541 !
1,042
643
302
391
303
544
930
6S9
610
468
a56
461
373
am
555
is.!
433
670
.580
664
525 1
1,2.XP
633
975
680
1,048
2,0S0
1,320
817
885
1,140
912
1,422
1,211
Slaves.
14
4
19
5
2
5
1
1
7
10
2
1
9
51
7
10
19
7
21
28
12
srarW YORK.
Albanycounty. 175,980,18,684 18,960 34,443
Albany city
First ward
Second ward
Third ward
Ba]Isto\vn
Cambridge
fats kill
Coxsackie
Duanesburgh
Easton
Freehold
Halfmoon _ . .
Boosick.
Pittstown
Rensselaerville
Rensselaerwick
Saratoga
Schaghticoke
SchenecTad v
Schenectady, south of the Mohawk..
Schoharie
Stepfaeniown.
Stillwater
Watervliet
Island in the river not included in
any town
Clinton coon tv
Champlain
Crown Point 203
Plattsbtirgh 4Sg
Wellsburgh 379
Columbia county ...27.496
.494
1.612
S7S
: 0O4
7.S16
5.009
1.9S0
3.401
1.469
2.547
1.821
3.MI9
3.031
2,458
2.776
8.305
3.071
1.650
756
3.475 '
2.074
7.209
3.078
7,422
1,615
3.722
1.442
26
571
672
o
214
383
18
100
387
3
257
3.317
23
69
2,408
43
835
8
305
1.474
8
302
684
1
5
1.203
57
861
1
5
1.666
7
123
1.454
IS
27
1.158
33
1.311
13
3.632
562
1.405
8
53
711
143
328
78
1.483
34
381
938
9
152 ,
3.420
1
26 1
1.441
10
61 '
3,265
17
707 1
Canaan 6.670
Claverack 3,237
Clermont ' $62
Germant4}wn 512
HiUsdale 4.454.
Hudson J. 585
Kinderhook 4.667
Livingston 4^489
Dutchess county 4.5.276 10.972 11.069 20.940
Amenia 3.078 I, 768 i 7S0
Beekman 3.600 850 951
CUnton I 4.(i07 I 1.173 1.113
Fishkill 5.W1 I 1.366 | 1.290
Frederickstown 5.9.12 1,438 I 1 540
Northeast 3.401 839: 863
Pawling I 4,336 1,031 ! 1,074
1.449
29
1.682
11
2.115
30
2.643
41
2.850
41
1.597
22
2,098
91
1.864 I
52 1
106
176
601
63
80
42 .
Dutchess county — Continued.
Philipstown
Poughkeepsie
Rhine beck
Southeast
Washington
Kings county.
Brooklyn
Bushwick
Flatbush
Flatlands
Gravesend
New Utrecht.
Montgomery county.
Canajoharie
Caughnawaga..
Chemung
Chenango
German Flatts.
Harpersfield
Herkimer
Mohawk
Otsego
Palatine
Whites
New York city and county. .
New York city
Dock ward
East ward
Montgomery ward .
North ward
Out ward
South ward
West ward
Harlem division
Ontario county .
1,656
540
941
423
426
563
28,852
2,079
2,529
3,662
921
5,190
4,549
6.155
4.261
2,396
45
1,307
1,726
1,525
4,440
1.702
3.404
1,891
33.111 i
32.305
1,895
3.766
6.825
5,557
5,651
1.767
6,844
806
1,074
Canandaigua 464
Erwin... 168
Genesee 343
Jerusalem 99
Orange county 18,477
Goshen 2,447
Haverstraw I 4,824
Minisink 2.216
New Cornwall 4.228
Orange 1,163
Warwick , 3, 599
517
617
875
231
1,267
903
362
123
160
7,866
1.647
1,128
649
13
354
524
406
1,088
563
805
689
8,482
8,310
455
966
1,764
1,407
1,484
451 I
1,783 I
172 I
524
593
573
756
241
,295
703
260
69
153
71
69
81
,205
1.538
1,068
648
12
301
424
388
1,141
427
815
443
5,900
942
2
1.092
40
1.544
66
4.33
3
2,495
53
1.415
46
565
172
238
143
129
168
13,152
2,868
1.928
1,091
20
630
772
722
2,092
698
1,582
749
15.237
5.790
307
593
1.248
i 955
I 1.092
I 324
I 1.271
I 110
192
291
60
.56
36
140
74
37
22
4,596 I 4.334
14.943
854
1.611
3.159
2.632
2,629
822
3,236
294
342
10
1,078
45
82
281
232
178
55
185
41
111
69
122
40
8.3S5 I 201<
616
1,190
552
1,081
288
518
1.173
546
1.030
173
892
1.042
2.207
1.050
1.908
476
1.702
2a
207
421
13
78
1.482
435
171
378
137
135
206
96
133
7
20
6
8
111
8
192
7
1,119 2,37
2,184
234
514
373
311
26S
115
see
189
10
961
212
23S
51
167
19S
95
'Not letamed by towns.
GENERAL TABLES.
195
Table 104.-P0PULATI0N AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-
Continued.
NEW YOKK-Contlnuad.
\
COUNTT AND TOWN.
Queens county.
Flushing
Jamaica
Newtown
North Hempstead.
Ovstrr Hay
South Uempstead.
Richmond county.
Castle ton..
Northtleld.
Southtleld.
Westfield..
Suffolk county .
■WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Total.
Males.
16.013
1.008
1,674
2.109
2.097
4.097
3,828
3,827
804
1.021
865
1,137
16,546
Brookhaven 3.227
Easthampton 1 . 497
Huntington 3.306
Islip 607
Shelter Island , 201
Smithtown I 1,024
Sout hampton 1 3. 402
Southold I 3,222
i
Ulster county 29.370
Hiirlev I 847
KinRston 3. 923
Manakaling 1 . 703
Marl'letown 2. 190
if ulilletown 1 , 019
Moiltpomerv 3.504
New MarlHorough 1 2.246
New I'altz 2,304
New Windsor I 1.819
Newliurgh i 2. .347
Rochester 1 , 628
18 1 I r'e-
years [Under molea.
years.
and
over.
3,555
325
397
421
S£0
949
913
2.863 6.468
All
other
free
per-
819
Slaves.
COtJNTT AXu rtivnt.
2.308
229
294
353
587
697
748
442 I 1,026
7.56 ; 1.707
789 I 1,703
747 753 1,445
127
65
54
172
304
178
223
151
195
172
220
139
216
314 I
402 I
306
423
3,787 3,294 7,229 1.131
727
354
791
132
39
195
781
768
7.050
017
1.375 1
275
272
673
99
763
1.518
75
126
246
68
.•»
77
23
179
371
113
653
1,.M2 i
280
646
1,427 1
198
6,783
12,462 1
161
166
902
436
492
293
898
539
512
463
610
374
129
742
491
409
259
834
607
519
417
585
321
.306
780
840
4IM)
l.-WS
1,027
959
ma
1,083
638
TolaL
.340
221
533
507
381
320
7",
114
135
234
272
1.105
2.13
99
219
.•)5
24
106
140
183
1
245
9
721
5
51
15
374
1
6
18
236
15
58
12
302
17
117
12
57
14
281
Ulster county— TonllniiM.
Shewangunk
Wallklll
Woodstock
' 2.123
2..S71
1,028
Washington coiuty 14.077
i.XO
2,242
463
1.703
1.120
1,080
2,198
2,111
810
Westchester county 23,971
Kingsi>ury...
Qneensljury.
Salem
Westneld....
Whitehall....
Bedford . 2.470
Cortlandl . 1,032
Easlchester 741
Oreenliurgh 1.367
Harrison 1.007
Mamaroneck ... 452
Morrisania 133
Mt. I'leasant 1.926
New Uochelle 690
North Castle ; 2. 470
North Salem • 1,060
Pelham I 199
Toundridge 1,072
Rve 9-
Sa'lem l.-l
Scarsdale 2^:
Stephen 1.297
Westchester 1.20.1
White Plains ' 505
Yonkers i 1,125
York 1,009
popruinou
LV 17S0,
and "
Fe-
AU
other
free ' Blarm.
, P«-
I sons.
483
604
278
3.616 3,7W|6,(e3|
625
583
108
406
299
201
582
543
209
291
275
573
COO
214
529
.54.)
1,021
V«
385
5,9.14 5.318 10.952
618
484
174
.324
242
lOS
43
501
170
607 I
208
45 I
M.i
279 '
i:«
265
98 I
17
422
130
212 I
100
220
381
4M 1
171 I
41
911
277
1
"i
"i
.3.V<
38
18
2
8
26
4.3
1'.
1
14
14
11
OIJ
t
421
49
218
8
4.W
13 ,
771
28
349
103
IS
46
14
08
75
121
54
57
30
84
87
29
28
38
133
19
28
38
242
49
170
40
NEW JERSEY.
Bergen county ' 12.601|| 2,865
Bergin
Franklin
llackin-sack...
Harrington
N. Ilarbadoes.
Saddle River..
12,601
Burlington coimty '18.095
Burlington
Chester
Chesterfielil . . . ,
EvQQsham
Little Ecshar..
Mansfielii
New Hanover..
NorthainptOD..
Notintiliarn
SprincfieM
Willingboro'...
18,095
Cape-May county 2,571
Lower Precinct 1 '
Middle Precinct [| 2,571
Upper Precinct I ;
Cumberland county 8. 248
Deorfleld
Downs
Fairfield
Greenwich
Hoivwell
Maurice River.
Stowenuk
Essex cotmty .
Acquacknack..
Eli7.al)ethtown.
Newark
8,248
17.785 i 4,
2,865
4,625
4,625
631
631
2,147
2,147
17,785 ,: 4,339
2,299 ' 4,944 192 . 2,301
2,299
4.164
4,944
8,481
4,164
609
8,481
1.178
1,176
3,877
1,966
3,972
3,877
8,143
192 2.301
598
598
14
138
227
141
120
138
160
3,972! 8,143 I 160
Gloucester county .
120
1.171
Depttord
Eggharbor
Galloway
Glou town
Glou. townsb.
Greenwich
Newtown
Watcrford
Woolwich
Hunterdon county.
Alexandria. .
Amwell
Bethleham . .
nopcwell
Kinrwood . . .
Maidenhead .
I.ebanon
Readlngton..
Tewksbury..
Trenton
Middlesex county.
13,361
V.ISS
13,363
3,287
3,287
4.966
3,311
3,311
6.232 342
6,232
4,379 9.316
1.503 I
5.201 ;
1,335 '
2,320
2, 446
1,032
4,370
I.MS
377
1,249
331
579
003
237 I
1,002
496 I
IS.956 , 3.995 ;
583 I
1,171
Amboy
North Hrunswick ■:■ '"■'
PtSi-atjiwav
South .\inl>ov
South Ilrunawlck . ■.■
Windsor 2.83*
Woodbrldge 8,420
Monmoutb county 16, ■
Dover
Ix)wpr Freehold
Mlddletown
Shrewslmry i. -
SlafTord i N>i
Upper-Freehold 3.442
149
038
-.37
'12
108
456
514
597
246
,010
982
1,190
191
401
685
1,173
2.480
16
329
043
1
448
1,041
19
674
1, 101
4
189
432
14
919
2,033
58
346
841
79
3.375
7.128
140
31 I
3 I
10 I
191
1.301
31
233
104
leo
183
1.318
48
206
218
183
439
301
789
10
318
I 719
II 871
5<-.5
1.318
46
190
774
1,587
33
25«
•".78
7,448
353
1.S9S
Jll
4--J
6
13
63
1«S
14
07
491
212
21V
■^i
441
3
703
1
780
1,532
108
2S0
196
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-
Continued.
NEW JEK8BY— Continued.
Total.
WHITE POPUL.\TION
IN 1790.
All
other
free
per-
sons.
Slaves.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Total.
■WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
All
other
free
per-
sons.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Males.
Fe-
males.
Males.
Fe-
males.
Slaves.
16
years
and
over.
Under
16
years.
16
years
and
over.
Under
16
years.
16,216
4,092
3,938
7,502
4S
636
Somerset county— Continued.
2,578
2,068
2,201
1,875
19,500
586
481
463
413
4,963
462
298
465
345
4,939
1,119
795
868
744
9,094
34
26
19
66
65
377
16,216
10,437
4,092
2,679
3,938
2,396
7,502
4,816
48
374
636
172
Eastern Precinct
468
Mendham
Morristown
Pequanack
Eoxbury
Hillsliorough
386
Western Precinct
317
Sussex county
439
2,035
6,490
2,393
1,9.37
1,482
543
1,905
519
490
1,700
507
1,641
610
488
377
150
471
131
129
459
SIO
1,681
637
490
368
124
468
122
102
437
944
3,023
1,110
935
700
241
892
239
233
777
10
16
10
11
2
3
9
1
2
1
04
Hardwicke
Independance \
Newton
10,437
12,296
2,079
2,819
2.396
2,390
4,816
5,130
374
147
172
1,810
129
26
Knowlton
13
Mansfield
Montague
O.xford
Sandvston
Wallpack
35
25
65
26
30
26
Somerset county
Bedminster
1,197
2,377
275
601
260
560
489
1,115
4
8
169
93
PENNSYLVANIA.
Allegheny county 10, 203
Depreciation tract.
Elizabeth
Pitt.
Pittsburgh town
Plum
Versailles
That part of Allegheny county talien
from Washington county
Bedford county i
Berks county...
Albany
Alsace
Amity
Bern
Bethel
Breckiioek
Brunswick and Manhelm
Caernarvon
Colebrookdalc
Cumru
Douglass
Earl
East District
Exeter
G reen wich
Heidelberg
Hereford
Longswamp
Maiden Creek
Manheim (see Brunswick and Man-
heim).
Maxatany
Oley
Pinegrove
Reading borough
Richmond
Robeson
Rockland
Ruscomb
Tulpehocken
Union
Windsor
Bucks county.
Chester county.
Birmingham.*
Brandy wine
Charlestown
Coventry
East Bradford
East Cain
East Fallowfield..
East Marlborough .
East Nan tmill
206
1,498
1,468
376
402
414
5,839
13, 132
30, 189
773
836
809
2,268
950
324
1,504
509
553
1,460
480
527
634
893
724
2,095
969
739
735
1,022
973
900
2,225
654
1,088
744
472
2,315
704
1,200
25,216
27, 829
221
740
1,260
1,168
836
702
517
811
1,1S4
50
368
380
100
104
1,428
2,887
7,711
191
207
229
528
234
78
368
137
149
371
123
136
150
236
187
528
240
185
205
274
267
214
583
190
289
199
119
603
182
309
6,529
7,486
58
214
319
308
221
191
141
220
281
2, 745 4, 763
59
398
365
80
105
114
1,624
3,840
180
226
215
651
234
85
399
123
135
363
120
130
166
215
164
511
236
194
168
241
217
251
512
160
270
184
121
553
109
340
5,894
6,590
53
178
312
271
226
158
136
183
298
97
711
681
195
192
203
2,684
6,325
14, 666
402
400
413
1,069
481
161
736
240
205
706
230
252
313
432
373
1,026
489
359
353
469
435
1,118
291
514
358
228
1,123
334
11,951
13,065
109
343
682
545
378
329
239
388
546
34
201
581
544
159
3
11
1
18
2
1
1
S
4
4
10
6
1
2
1
5
3
7
24
6
3
1
1
9
9
16
4
3
9
9
4
8
1
3
4
21
15
16
3
7
261
144
Chester county — Continued.
East Nottingham
East Town
East Whiteland
Fallowfield
Goshen
Honeybrook
Kennet
London Britain
Londonderry
Londongrove
New Garden
New London
Newlin
Oxford
Pennsbiiry
Pikeland
Sadsbury
Thornburv
Tredi£frin'.
U wchland
Vincent
West Bradford
West Cain
West Marlborough
West Nantmill
\\'est Nottingham
West Town
West \\'hiteland
Willistown
Cumberland county.
Hopewell
Newton
Tyborn
Westpensboro
Eastern portion of county.
Dauphin county.
Harrisburgh town
Lebanon town
Remainder of county.
Delaware eoimty .
Ashton
Bethel
Birmingham
Chester
Concord
Darby
Edgmont
Haverford
Lower Chichester. .
Lower Providence.
Mangle
Middletown
Newtown
Radnor
Ridley
820
423
491
792
1,272
794
058
247
588
786
742
746
534
1,004
595
817
607
123
988
976
1,230
723
840
678
903
432
366
457
18,208
7,599
10,609
18,1,W
880
960
16,315
444
224
428
673
674
641
437
465
501
216
471
582
451
681
502
221
113
136
229
359
193
180
70
103
203
191
211
120
277
145
185
168
40
277
258
339
182
229
208
294
102
95
118
221
1,991
2,825
4,651
259
245
4,147
2,530
114
50
98
200
168
168
104
130
135
68
120
167
126
191
137
195
111
114
159
272
205
164
50
132
203
186
164
147
226
150
221
143
27
217
221
274
195
214
144
177
110
74
106
174
2,647
4,434
184
240
4,010
107
67
109
128
160
137
106
102
94
50
105
127
101
164
106
390
197
219
384
604
380
298
107
282
370
349
333
260
465
286
392
281
51
466
465
609
337
394
309
414
197
179
213
375
8,449
3,550
4,899
8,801
411
471
7,919
210
99
202
323
305
313
213
218
257
97
235
265
218
320
229
93
113
' Not returned by townships.
GENERAL TABLES. 197
TA....K lOl.-POPULATIONASREPORTEDATTUEFIRSTCENSLS.BYCOUXTIESANDMIXOK.IVIl.I.IVISinNS ,790-
Continueil.
PENNSYLVANIA-Conllnued.
CODNTY AND TOWN.
Delaware county — Continued.
Springfield
Tnorniiury
Tinicum
Upper Chiciiester
Upper Darby
Upper Providence
Fayette county .
WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Total.
Males.
IH
years
and
over.
335
401
138
265
571
349
99
4G
6C
104
90
13,318 3,415
Bullskin
Kr!:nl<lia
Georges
Gennan
Luzenio
Menalltm
Springhill...
Tyrone
Union
Washintrton.
Wharton
Franklin county.
Fannet
Hamilton
Letterkcnney
Monlgoinery
Petera
Remainder o( county .
IIuDtingdon county '
Lancaster county. . .
7,212
8,450
7,558
3C,0S1
Bart
Brecknock-.
Caernarvon .
Cocalico
Colerain
Cones togo...
Donegal
Drurnore
Earl.
Elizabeth
Elizabetli town
lieidelhcrg
Ilenipfield
LampeltT
Lancaster
Lancaster borough.
Leacock
Little Hritain
Maiiheiin
Manheim town
Manor
Martiek
May town
Mountjoy
Ranho
Saashury
Sallshurj-
Straslnirg
Warwick
Luzerne county i
Mlfllln county...
That portion south of the river
Juniata
Remainder of county
2.187
5,375
Montgomery county 22,918
754
854
,.371
299
;u3
bC8
,321
730
,538
,241
429
15,602
192
443
350
319
2S5
439
325
210
424
319
109
4,021
1,862
2,159
1,871
9,714
7,562
Ablnpton
Cheltenham
Manor of Moreland
Springfield
Remainder of county .
Northampton county.
Allen
Bethlehem
Chestnut Hill
Cosiktoii Distiict
Delawam
Easton town
Forks
Hamilton
76292—09-
881
020
1,283
446
19,688
24,238
214
142
168
767
196
280
155
310
670
147
52
21
4':o
447
93
1,049
395
357
215
108
414
374
314
230
469
203
307
510
595
1,237
1,954
380
I 1,368
6.001
I Fo-
under males.
16
years.
72
92
27
63
113
79
3,420
142
198
58
132
282
178
6,155
All
other
free
per-
sons.
186
488
339
355
281
442
330
183
360
311
125
3,874
1,838
2,036
2,089
8,067
218
101
183
714
»5
284
HI
189
717
120
42
19
378
3X
la
790
290
271
192
73
3S0
280
256
172
316
151
291
376
619
1,328
1,935
350
881
658
622
515
737
620
316
717
532
193
3,230
3,932
3,531
17,411
421
326
348
1,539
321
514
247
4r«
1,500
273
102
29
776
730
139
1.S30
0.S3
589
372
184
798
614
521
430
784
340
612
781
1,130
2,303
3.552
357 1.030
1,398 2,522
5,382 10,982
265
177
103
1.18
3:5
273
121
95
5,107
4,699
6,007
6,404
424
272
222
9,476
279
134
145
24
542
Slaves.
440
10
45
60
8
317
132
282
32S
148
178
4:t
347
15
5
7
36
29
3
3
7
10
10
20
34
137
20
5
1
4
1
1
S7
42 I
1
59
113
20
COtTNTY ANP TOWS.
Northampton county — Cont'd.
neldelberg
Lehigh ;
I/Owor Moimt Bethel
Lower Saiicon
Lower Smlthfleld
LowhIII
L)-nn
Macunge
More
Nazareth
Penn
Plalnfleld
Salisbury
Towamensln k
Up|>er Mlllord
I'ppor .Mount Bethel
Upj.'or S;iiipon
Vjiwr Smilhnejd
\\ alli-n I'apack
Wf'Nenberch
Whllrhall
Williams
Northumberland county! 17,147 4,191 4,729 8,051
WIirrE POPULATIIJK
IN 1790.
Total.,
628
806
997
1,436
419
1,016
l,2ta
732
889
007
886
1.010
393
I.H9
l.OiO
S.51
3.')2
170 !
02<;
l,2.'3 I
728 li
16
yearn
and
over.
244
140
230
2i;8
359
97
225
3;i5
W
2.U
151
193
aw
102
273
2.'H
200
101
44
1.13
266
187
ll
F»-
Under malM.
10 i
yean.
2.S4
IM
211
222
3('>4
115
308
XW
170
231
167
245
248
97
279
301
255
94
43
\K
394
208
404
299
453
489
B47
208
483
598
382
403
287
448
Ha
19S
S»7
478
398
155
82
297
fits
325
Philadelphia county 154, 388 [ 14, 497 10. 896 28, 523
All
other
free
P«-
SODS.
89
2,099
Slavai.
1
1
18
59
7
1
1
I
3
2
1
S
1
1
1
1
1
6
244
191
148
752
149
318
93
377
2, .M7
258
205
1.4WI
7,739
Blockley 883
Bristol 723
Byberry I 586
Gprmantown town 2, 760
Ki ngsossi ng 542
Lowir Dublin 1,267
M;mor of Moreland 376
Moyamen.siiig and Passyunk 1,393
Northern Liberties town 9,907
Oxford 979 '
rass>nink. (See Moyameoslng and {
Passyunk.)
Uoxlio'rough 778
Soulhwark ; 5,frf"3
Philadclnhiacity ]28,.122
Nortnoni district (l>etwoen Vine
and Uace streets from the Del-
aware to the Schuylkill) '3,938 1,048
Middle district (from the north
side of Chestnut street to liji-
south side of Kacestriet from
the Delaware to the Schuyl-
kill) 13,874 ; 3,855
Southern district (from the I <
south side of Chestnut strtet |
to the north side of South
street from the Delaware to
the Schuylkill) 10,910- 3,038
Washington county > 23,802 , 5,333
Westmoreland county 16,019 4,013
179
179
141
507
107
283
79
299
2,a)«
21s
434
311
278
1,394
225
610
181
6K2
4,884
483
220 350
.141 2. MM
1,270 13.883
733
2,823
2,045
8,713
1,914 6,12{
7,279 11,005
4,350 7.48D
Armstrong
Derry
Donegal
Fairfield
Franklin
French Creek ,
Flemptleld ,
Mount Pleasant
North Huntingdon..
Itostraver
Salem
South Huntingdon..
Unity
Washington
Wheatlleld
York county.
4.Tli
382
352
9(10
258
110
709
1 130
•222
.127
! 99
88
421
no
104
70S
173
170
741
175
217
595
143
179
717 I
537
337 .
139
201
349
343
272
1
6 :
n
4
1
Cbonccford...
Codonis
Dover
Fawn
Ilellam
llot)e\veII
Manchester. .
Monaghan . . .
Newheny
Paradise
Reading
Shrewsbury .
4.^2
823
727 I
6.19
778 ;
93 !
200
a'>9
386
3H>
399
191
147
207
50
534
19>
98
137,335 9,171
403
434
1.S3
170
210
13
621
304
42S
290
197
467
352
184
103
647
778
353
311
300
24
1.032
474
763
495
387
772
S79
323
183
9,409 17,342
l.ivoi
1,
1
1 •
1,
»7s
1,258
4'.:
21'J
300 I
247 .
337 I
433
579
22
19
13
21
54
57
15
27
219
28
2
204
1,420
85
812
733
12
35
17
15
IS
38
18
7»
61
13
30
27!
' Not returned by townships.
87
373
4
3
8
S
7
19
8
8
81
17
1
24
210
27
112
283
128
8
9
17
48
4
14
«
1
as
37
13
«
7
U
13
U
4
25
U
-:i
198
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-
Continued.
PENNSYLVANIA— Continued.
COUNTT AND TOWN.
WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Total.
York county— Continued.
Warrington 1 , 469
Windsor 1 . ■'■'7
York- I 1.3S1
York borough l 2,076
Huntington, Manallen, Manheim, |
and Tyrone I 4,669
16
years
and
over.
342
336
288
462
Under
10
years.
374
395
385
451
Fe-
males.
702
705
064
1,008
2,206
All
other
free
per-
sons.
43
8
34
125
Slaves.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
York county — Continued.
Berwick, Cuniljeriand, Franklin,
Germany, Hamiltonban, Heidel-
berg, Moimt Pleasant, Mountjoy,
and Straban
Total.
9,800
WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Males.
years
and
2,551
Under
10
years.
2,376
Fe-
males.
All
Other
free I Slaves.
per-
sons.
DELAWARE.
Kent
New-Castle..
18,920
19,688
3,705
3,973
3,467
4,747
6,878
7,767
2,570
639
2,300
2,562
Sussex .
20,488
4,105
3,929
7,739
MARYLAND.
Allegany county
Ann-.\rundel county
Baltimore county
Baltimore town and precincts.
Calvert coimty
Charles county
Frederick county
Harford county
Montgomery county
Prince Georges county
St. Marys coimty
212,089
38,573 35,748 '69,187
4,136
64,445
4,809
1,068
1,283
2,188
12
258
22,598
3,142
2,850
5,072
804
10,130
25,434
5,184
4.068
9,101
604
5,877
13,503
3,806
2,550
5,503
323
1,255
8,652
1,091
1,109
2,011
136
4,305
20,613
2,565
2,399
5,100
404
10,085
30,791
7,010
7,016
12,911
213
3,641
14,976
2,872
2,812
5,100
775
3,417
18,003
3,284
2,746
5,049
294
6,030
21,344
2,053
2,. 503
4,848
164
11,176
15,544
2,100
1,943
4,173
343
6,985
Western shore— Continued.
Washington county
Eastern shore..
Caroline county
Cecil county, . ."
Dorchester'county. . .
Kent county
Queen Anns county..
Somersett county
Talbot county..'-
Worcester county
.15,822 !
.' 107.639
9,506
13,625
15,875
12,836
15,463
15,610
13,084
11.640
3,738
17,342
1,812
2,847
2,541
1,876
2,158
2,185
1,938
1,985
3,863 6,871
15,59132,208
1,727
2,377
2,430
1,547
1,974
1,908
1,712
1,916
3,489
4,831
5,039
3,325
4,039
4.179
3,581
3,725
64
3,907
421
163
528
655
618
268
1,076
178
VIRGINIA.
Accomack
Albemarle
Amelia, including Nottoway, a new
county
Amherst
Augusta, the part east of the North
mountain \ ,
Part west of do j
Bedford
Berkley
Botetourt, as it stood previous to the
formation of ^\'ytne from it &
Montg'ry
Brunswick
Buckingham
Campbell
Caroline
Charles-City
Charlotte
Chesterfield
Culpeper
Cumberland . .•
Dinwiddle
Elizabeth-City
Essex
Fairfax
Fauquier
Fluvanna
Franklin
Frederick division \ .
Ditto P
Gloucester
Goochland
Greenbrier, including Kanawa, a
new county
Greensville
Halifax
Hampshire
Hanover
Hardy
Harrison
Henrico
Henrv
Isle of Wight
13,959
2,297
2,177
4,602
721
4,262
12,585
1,703
1,790
3,342
171
5,579
18,097
1,709
1,697
3,278
106
11,307
13,703
2,056
2,235
3,995
121
5,296
10,886
12,048
t 551
1,665
572
3,438
986
40
19
1,222
345
10.531
l.TSS
2.266
3.074
52
2,754
19,713
4,253
4,547
7,850
131
2,932
10.524
2,247
2,562
4,432
24
1.259
12,827
1,472
1,529
2,918
132
6,776
9,779
1,274
1,537
2,685
115
4, 108
7,685
1,236
1,347
2,363
251
2,488
17,489
1,799
1,731
3.464
203
10, 292
5,588
532
509
1,043
363
3,141
10,078
1,285
1,379
2.535
63
4,816
14,214
1,652
1,557
3.149
369
7,487
22, 105
3,372
3,755
6,682
70
8,226
8,153
885
914
1,778
142
4,434
13,934
1,790
1,396
2,853
561
7,334
3,450
390
388
778
18
1,876
9.122
908
869
1,766
139
5,440
12,320
2,138
1,872
3,601
135
4,574
17. 892
2,674
2,983
5,500
93
6,642
3.921
589
654
1,187
25
1,466
6,842
1.206
1,629
2,840
34
1,073
19,681
11.757
1,053
3.041
49
1,319
12,078
2,517
4,269
67
2,931
13,498
1,597
1,.')23
3,105
210
7,063
9,053
1,028
1,059
2,053
257
4,656
6,015
1,403
1, 574
2,639
20
319
6,362
609
627
1,234
212
3.620
14, 722
2,214
2.320
4,397
228
6,565
7,346
1, 062
1,956
3.261
13
454
14,754
1,037
1,412
3,242
249
8,223
7,336
1,108
2,256
3,192
411
369
2,080
487
579
947
67
12,000
1,823
1,170
2,607
581
5,819
8,479
1,523
1,963
3,277
165
1,.551
9,028
1,208
1, 103
2,415
375
3,807
James City
King George
King & Queen
King William
Lancaster
Loudon
Louisa
Lunenburg
Mecklenburg
Middlesex
Monongalia
Montgomery, as it stood previous to
the foniialion of Wythe from it
and Botetourt
Nansemond
New-Kent
Norfolk
Northampton
Northumberland
Ohio
Orange
Pendleton
Pittsylvania
Powhatan
Prince Edward
Prince George
Princess Anne
Prince William
Randolph
Richmond
Rockbridge
Rockingham
Russell
Shannandoah
Southampton
Spotsylvania
Stafford
Surry
Sussex
Warwick
Washington
Westmoreland
York
4,070
395
359
765
146
7,366
757
781
1,585
86
9,377
995
1,026
2,138
75
8,128
723
732
1,438
84
5,038
535
642
1,182
143
IS, 902
3,077
3,992
7,080
183
8, 407
957
1,024
1,899
14
8,959
1,110
1,185
2,252
80
14, 733
1,8.57
2,015
3,083
416
4,140
407
370
754
51
4,768
1,089
1,345
2,168
12
13, 228
2,846
3.744
5,804
6
9,010
1,215
1, 167
2,331
480
6,239
605
587
1,199
.148
14, 524
2,650
1,987
4,291
251
6,889
857
743
1.581
464
9,1(3
1,046
1,137
2,323
197
5,212
1,222
1.377
2,308
24
9,621
1,317
1,426
2,093
64
2, 452
508
686
1,124
1
11,579
2,008
2,447
4,083
62
6.822
623
548
1,115
211
8,100
1,044
1,077
1,961
32
8,173
965
822
1.600
267
7,793
1,109
1.151
2.207
64
11,615
1,044
1,797
3,303
167
951
221
270
441
6,985
704
697
1.517
83
6,548
1,517
1,552
2. 7.56
41
7,449
1,816
1,652
3,209
3,338
734
969
1,440
5
10,510
2,409
2,779
4,791
19
12, 804
1,032
1,540
3,134
559
11,252
1,301
1,278
2,632
148
9,588
1,341
l,3.i5
2. 769
87
6,227
732
651
1.379
368
10, 549
1,215
1,174
2,382
391
1,690
176
15.S
333
33
5,025
1,287
1, 440
2.440
8
7,722
815
754
1,614
114
5,233
530
461
1,124
358
GENERAL TABLES.
Table 104.-POPULATI0N AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR riVII. DIVTSTnXS
Continued.
199
1790—
NOHTH CAROUMA.
DISTKICT, COUNTY, AND TOWN.
Total.
Eden ton district.
53,769
Bertie c oiinty
Camden county
Chunan cotuity , excluding Edenton
town
Eden Ion town
Currituelc county
Gates county
Hertford county
l*asq(iotanlc county
I 'erqulinans count y
Tyrrell county
12,462
4,022
3,413
1,575
5,220
6,386
5,949
5,477
5,439
4,826
Fayette district '34,393
5,235
7,195
1,535
3,870
5,053
5,343
6,1G2
Ilaiifa.x district 64,848
Anson county
Cumberland county, excluding Fay-
etteville town
Fayetteville town
Moore county
Kichniond county
Rol)eson county
Sampson county
EdRecoinbe county 10,265
Franklin county 7,502
Halifax county, inciudlng Halifax
town 14,310
Martin county i 6,010
■■ ' 7,3!i0
9,992
9,379
Nash county.
Norttianipton county.
Warren county
Hillsborough district 69,971
Caswell county!
Caswell district
Gioiiee.ster district
Nash district
Richmond district
St. David's district
St. James district
St. Lawrence district
St. Lukes district
Chatham tounty
Granville county i
.\brahani's I'lains district.
Beaver Dam district
Dutch district
EpplnR Forest district
Fishing Creek district
Fort Creek district
Goshen district
Henderson district
Island Creek district
Knap of I^eeds district
Oxford district
Kaeiaml district
Tabb's Creek district
Tar Uiver district
Orange county'
Caswell district
Chatham district
Hlllsboro district
Hiilsboro town
Orange district
St. .\saph's district
St. Mark's district
St. Marv's district
St. Thomas' district
Randolph county
Wake county
Morgan district
10,096
9,161
10,982
12,216
7,318
10,198
33,317
Burke raimt y ' 8, 106
First cotnpany 833
Second company j 525
Third company. __
Fourth compaiiy...
Fifth company
Sixth company
Seventh company.
Eighth company..
607
441
596
677
631
685
WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Males.
16
years
and
over.
8,405
1,719
725
457
181
1,018
790
813
951
884
867
7,111
Under
16
years
8,053
1,802
754
438
113
1,024
772
824
1,035
921
970
Fe-
males.
10,510
All
other
free
per-
sons.
1,048
3,442 378
1,476 30
865
306
1,960
1,514
1,632
1,804
1,714
1,798
7,324 13,677
1,035
1,183
1,458
1,366
394
195
850
965
1,096
1,205
1,1. W
l.l.tS
1,146
1,272
9,215
10,130
2,147
2,656
398
1,672
2,114
2,263
2,427
18,610
1,663
1,076
1,873
1,067
( 1,134
1,.'«5
1,067
10,937
1,801
1,761
1,581
2,433
1,590
1,771
6.953
1,878
1,381
1,826
1,010
1,434
1,283
1,318
12,903 21,980
3,487
2,307
3,471
2,008
2,021
2,502
2,214
2,110 3,377
2,168 3,664
1,873 3,050
2,70V 4,913
1,952
2,091
3,292
3,684
14,961
7
34
115
93
232
87
37
36
49
34
12
56
277
140
1,364
70
37
443
96
193
458
67
702
72
10
315
24
180
1,705
169
90
120
99
r.>4
141
124
150
!,108
216
148
15«
129
146
lli9
152
183
3,684
356
263
248
203
275
306
268
324
Slaves.
19,153
5,121
1,038
1,646
941
1,103
2,217
2,448
1,600
1,883
1,166
5,673
1,066
514
371
683
633
1,177
25,529
3,167
2,701
6,697
1,829
2.008
4,414
4,713
13,449
2,736
1,658
4,163
74
182
2,060
460 {
2,472
2,617
DISTRICT, COUNTV, AND T<JWN.
Morgan district— Continued.
Burke county— Continued.
Ninth cohipany
Tenth company '..,.[
Eleventh comj»any ,,[
Twelfth coini>any
Thirleentli company ],
Lincoln i-ounty
First company
S'-cond company
Third company
Fourth company
Fiftli com()any [[
Sl.xth company ,
Seventh company
Eighth company ,
Ninth company
Tentii company ,
Eleventh company
Twelfth company
Rutherford .■uiliity
First company
Second company
Thirti company
Fourth company
Fifth com puny
Sixth company
Seventh company
Eighth etimpany
Ninth company
Teritti com puny
Eleventh company
Twelfth company
Thirteenth company
Fourteenth company
Wilkes county
First company
Second company
Third company
Fourtli company
Fifth company
Sixtli company
Seventh company
Eighth company
Ninth r-ompany
Tenth company
Elevent h company
Twelfth company'.
Thirteenth company
Fourteenth company
Fifteenth company
Sixteenth company
WHITE POPllaTION
LN I7IW.
Total.
677
4SB
SSB
481
035
1,240
492
509
603
733
«02
1,099
736
663
1,427
718
1,010
765 I
r,»8
673
581
390
361
603
686
514
527
684
698
965
692
368
386
i,1.17
536
609
606
641
466
601
392
319
631
488
600
443
723
377
369
558
MalM.
IS
years
and
over.
Newlwm district 55. 083
Beaufort cotmty 5.405
Carteret coimty 3, 734
Craven county, Including Newbem
town 10.474
Dobbscounly 6,994
II vde county 4.204
Johnston county 6.691
Jones county 4,796
ritt county 8.270
Wayne county 6. 1 15
Salisbury district.
147
»9
133
94
215
2,057
no
114
118
160
130
250
170
148
318
145
202
186
1,576
105
110
70
70
121
127
HI
103
119
114
186
139
•3
108
1,615
111
101
100
106
88
121
76
76
118
109
109
88
152
75
78
107
9,595
Under
16
yean
910
718
1.710
l,l('>4
792
1.040
736
1.461
l,0t>4
I
66.927 ,14,003
Guilford county
Iredell c-ounty -
.Mecklenburg (Xjunty
Mont L'omery county
Kockdnghath coiml'v
Rowan (x>unty. Including Sallsbiuy
town
Stokes county
Surry county
Wilmington district |a6,0»7 H 3.053
7.3K I
5. *W !
ll.SliO
5,039
6,211 j
15.972
n.ia
7, 192
1.615
1. 118
2,3IH
»42
1,188
3. .199
1.846
1,531
Bladen coimty
Itnmsuick county
Duplin -ounly
New Hanover county. Including
Wilmington town
Onslow county
6.837
5,427
834
807
187
12»
119
156
222
2,293
124
127
140
180
167
281
174
184
308
180
227
206
2,119
110
147
110
99
103
192
138
154
107
105
287
209
»3
85
2,2.W
132
im
134
157
145
169
100
105
ISO
132
149
122
205
96
114
179
9,876
Fe-
male*,
317
213
200
217
428
4,041
216
229
221
349
280
494
281
303
010
333
361
306
3,502
218
244
150
108
291
323
230
248
287
250
431
305
163
186
3,734
237
268
233
266
222
291
162
128
297
224
246
199
332
188
173
269
19.329
All :
Other I
(ri'o Slaves.
per- I
sons.
924
709
1,538
1.283
714
1,177
794
1..V18
1,219
1.1,932
1,821
1,505
3.226
2,479
1,518
2.081
1.541
2.912
2,246
28.490
1.807
1.218
2.563
1,220
1,411
3.235
2,223
4,758
2,a»
2.48B
3,R2S 6.902
J.r.'J .'I.IW
1,71.3 .3,189
4,062
834
398
1,187
702
»41
7.;w
1.086
778
2,092
1,490
1,788
26
21
41
15
70
855
«
at
18
38
16
94
no
18
191
51
230
7
609
140
80
00
24
28
44
35
20
11
00
61
39
»
8
653
65
76
36
13
II
20
M
10
60
23
90
34
.34
18
4
3
841 I 16,042
128 I
93
337 I
40
37 I
65
70
25
40
249
27
3
07
11
10
102
13
17
1,622
709
3.r.63
2.012
1.143
1 328
l.i'>&5
3.364
1,540
8.253
610
808
1,008
837
1,113
1.741
77H
on
210 ' 10.007
l.rM)
1..S1I
l.:w>
3.737
1.747
> Names taken from county tax Ibts.
200
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 104. -POPULATION AS REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-
Continued.
SOUTH CAROIillSrA.
DISTRICT, COUNTY, ASD PARISH. TOtal.
Beaufort district ' 18, 753
Camden district 38,265
Chester county
Claremont county.
Clarendon county.
Fairfield county. ..
Lancaster county . .
Richland county..
York county
Charleston district.
6,866
4,648
2,392
7. 623
6,302
3,930
6,604
.66,985
Berkley countv, St. Johns parish | 5, 922
Colleton county, St. Johns parish ' "'"
Dorchester county. St. Georges par-
ish
Christ Church parish
St. .\ndre\vs parish
St. Bartholomes parish
St. James Goose Creek parish
St. James Santee parish
St. Pauls parish
St. Phillips and St. Michaels parish..
St. Stephens parish
6,312
4,299
2,954
2,947
12,606
2,787
3,797
3. 433
16, 369
2,733
■WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
Males.
16
years
and
Under
16
years.
1,266
6,941
1,446
517
444
1.336
1,263
.596
1,360
1,055
8,694
1,(;04
841
610
1,874
1,637
710
1,012
5,060 3,177
209
209
337
156
125
625
158
140
65
2,810
81
152
104
311
138
71
491
79
110
48
1,661
45
Fe-
males.
2,043
13,607
2,831
1,080
830
2,929
2.074
1.173
2.690
7,165
331
272
604
272
174
1,017
202
187
103
3,718
100
AM
other
free
per-
sons.
153
168
950
SO
22
25
11
31
135
15
15
15
586
1
14,236
8,865
938
2,110
602
1,485
1,370
1,437
923
60, 633
6,170
4,705
3,022
2,377
2,546
10, 338
2,333
3,345
3,202
7,684
2,606
DISTRICT, COUNTT. AND P.\RISH.
Charleston district-
St. Thomas parish
Cheraw district i
Georgetown district .
All Saints parish
Prince Fredericks parish .
Prince Georges parish
Total.
3,836
10,706
22,122
.; 2, 225
.1 8,136
.11,762
Ninety-six district 73, 729
Abbeville county
Edgefield county
Greenville county
Laurens county
.\ewtierry county
Pendleton county
Spartanburgh county .
Union county ' . .
Orangeburgh district.
North part .
South part .
9,197
13,289
6,603
9,337
9,342
9,668
8,800
7,693
18,513
11,281
7,232
■WHITE POPULATION
IN 1790.
16
years
and
over.
145
1,779
2,356
104
907
1,345
Under
16
years.
Fe-
males.
67
1,993
2,467
102
915
1,450
14,973 17,165 30,324
186
3,646
4,055
223
1,.';96
2,236
1,904
2,333
1,400
1,969
1,992
2,007
1,868
1,500
1,948
2,671
1,627
2,270
2.232
2,535
2,173
1,809
3,201 3,171 6,040
3,653
4,701
2,861
3,971
3,962
4,189
3,866
3,121
1,780 I 1,693 1 3,258
1,421 i 1,478 2,782
AH
other
free
per-
sons.
34
59
113
1
32
80
198
21
149
Slaves.
3,405
3,229
13,131
1,795
4,685
6,651
11,0C9
1,665
3,619
606
1,120
1,144
8:i4
8C.6
1,215
170 5,931
4,629
1,402
GEORGIA.
Lower district
19,266
305
10, 769
2,424
413
5,355
25,336
2,060
1,160
2,637
168
13, 261
Middle district— Continued.
11,317
4,652
37,946
1,894
947
6,404
1,925
1,024
8,094
3,343
1,885
14,459
39
2
188
4 116
81
846
627
70
426
4,649
44
480
336
36
264
4,790
96
1,130
711
87
613
8,643
14
112
"I
52
70
8,201
760
215
4,025
7,202
Washington
694
Chatham
Upper district
Franklin
Greene
Effingham
8,801
Liberty .
1,041
5,405
31,500
226
1,027
6,162
243
1,111
6,740
417
1,882
12, 160
s'
180
156
1,377
Middle district
WUks
7,268
Burke
9,467
1,808
1,841
3,415
11
2,392
KENTUCKY.
Beards Town, in Nelson county
Borubon
216
7,837
150
17,676
4,565
834
6,548
52
1,646
49
3,241
1,008
276
1,375
49
2,036
28
3,878
997
203
1,441
86
3,249
61
6,738
1,680
290
2,630
1
""36"
4
2
8
29
908
22
3,689
876
63
1,094
Louisville, in Jefferson county
Madison
200
5,772
2,267
6,941
11,099
462
9,210
49'
1,231
431
1,411
2,456
163
1,767
44 79
1,421 2,383
676 952
1,515 2.691
2,746 4,644
96 183
1,929 3,267
1
7
34
■■■■27'
27
737
208
Fayette coimty.
Mercer
Jefferson
1,317
1,219
Lexington, in Fayette county
Lincoln
Washington, in Mason countv
Woodford
21
9 02Q
1 Not returned by counties.
GENERAL TABLES.
201
Ta«i,k lOo.-WniTE AND COLORED POPULATION OK EACH COUNTY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITH TH\T OP
THE SAME AREA IN 1900. TOGETHER WITH THE NUMBER OK COLORED PER 1.000 WHITES.
MAINE.
POPtTLATIOS l.N
1790.
rorvuLTtoM in igoo.
II 1
COU.VTT.
Total.
White.
Colurt-'l.
ToUI.
White.
II,
Colond.
■ .-i
Total.
Free, j Slave.
Total.
Negro.
Indian.
llan^ll 17W-
luuu. '
The State
96,643
96,107
536
5.16 1
694,406
602.228
2,240
1,319
7'.ls
25.530
9.542
29.733
2,760
29,078
25,3.51
9,504
29,592
2,740
28.920
179
38
141
20
158
: 179
1 38
141
20
158
175.000
102,135
200,826
79,640
76,165
175,304
161,503
260,152
79,120
76,081
536"
632
474
514
84
Hancock*
.1
Lincoln '
387
94
67
Washington •
411
2
9 't
15
York*
The state.
Cheshire'
Cirafton '
Ililkborouph'.
Rockinpham".
Strafford"....
NKW IIA.MPHHIRK.
141,899
141,112 I
787 il
157
411,588
410,791
662
28,753
13,468 '
32,883
43,184
23,611
28,665
13,419
32,707
42,795
23,526
49
176
232
64
IS
21
97
21
48,.'»4
74.771
i2;i,(xw
85,0)4
74,381
48,255
74,673
128,881
84,835
74,147
79
98
187
199
234
58
81
141
179
203
22 1
113
10
11
3
14
46 ;
6
i* !
3
28;
VEKMONT.
The state.
Addison"
Benninpton ".
Chittenden" .,
Orange '*
Rutland"
Windham"..
Windsor"
85,341
6.420
12.206
7.287
10,526
15,590
17,572
15,740
85.072
6..ls;t
12,173
7,264
10.4S5
15,5.58
17,514
15,695
37
33
23
41
32
58
45
2i>9
343.641 I
19,650
21,705
107,00<t
'JO.S24
45. l.'ll
26,6tiO
33,674
342,7n
19,648
21,536
106,724
90.774
44,H9S
26,593
32,598
870
2
169
284
50
222
67
76
826
2
165
275
38
211
64
71
(»»
(")
MASSACHtrSXTTTS.
The state
378,556
373,187
5.369
5,309
2,751,852
2,n6.096
35.756
32,192
587
2.977
14
12
Barnstable "
Bcrk^hirew . ..
17,342
30,263
31,696
3,255
57,879
59,656
42,769
4, .555
29,512
44,S05
56,764
16,970
29,940
30,966
3,230
57,007
.59,205
42,177
4.521
29,013
43,803
56,355
372
323
730
25
872 1
451'
592
34
499
1.01.2
409
372
323
27.S26
i'5,7T4
197.735
4,561
356,569
275,028
628,097
3,006
108,114
708.324
346,818
2r.,971
94.400
194.556
4,256
354,298
273,043
618,867
2.958
106,983
605,047
344.717
8.55
1,374
3,179
305
2,271
1,986
9,230
48
1,131
13.277
2,101
615
l..-i05
2,9.58
150
1,945
1,807
8,. 546
46
1,040
11,9.59
1,821
231
3
86
154
3
1:.
3.
lU
15
34
9
66
135
1
323
^1
1,303
346
22
11
24
8
15
S
14
8
17
24
7
23
14
Bristol "
730
Dukes'"
25
872
451
592
34
499
1.(X.2
409
Middlesex ^
]4
Plvnioiith *>
10
Sullolk -■'
17
Worcester **
5
69.112
64.670
4.442!!
3.484 '
958 !
482.050
472.718
9.332
6.874
35
423
«e
19
Bristol"
3,211
8.851
14,351
24.376
18,323
3.013
8.439
13.174
23.518
16.. 526
198
412
1,177
&58 '1
1,797 ,|
100
349
805
777
1,453
98
63
372
81
344
13.144
29.976
137,462
277.314
24. 154
12,975
29.634
135,085
271,817
23.207
169
342
2,377
5,497
947
158
315
2.268
5.179
934
4
7!
7
107 ,
291
11
66
49
89
36
109
12
II
2
27
2
17
19
40
1 Area covered In 1900 by parts of Franklin. Somerset. York. Cumlierland. AndroscoRsln. and Oxford counties.
» .\rea covered in liXX) bv Ilancockcoiintv. and bv parts ot Waldo. Tenoliscot, Piscataquis, and .\roostook counties.
» Area covered in 1900 by Lincoln, Knox', Kennebec, and Sagadahoc counties, and by parts of Waldo, Androscoggin, Somerset, TLscataquls, FianklUi, .\roostook. and
Penobscot counties.
< .Vrea covered in 1900 bv Washinfton county, and by parts of Penobscot and .Vroostook counties.
'.Vrea covered in I'joo by parts of York. Cunilwrland. 0.xlord. and Franklin counties.
• .\rea covcre<l in IWX) bv Che^shirecoimlv. and by part of i'ulll van county.
' .Vrea covered in 1S<») bv Ci ration and Coos counties, and by parisolCaiToll and Merrimack counties.
'Area covered in U«»> by 1 lillsboro count v (except I'elhani. which was In Kockincharncoimty in MM), and bv parts of Merrimack and SiilllTan counties.
•Area covered in 1900 bv Uockinshamcoimiv. part of Merrimack county, and the town of Pclh.am (now In llillslxirocounly).
>o Area covered in 1900 by Strafford and Belknap counties, and by parts of Carroll and Merrimack counties.
" .Vrea covered in 1900 by part of Addison county.
" Less than one.
!• .\rea covered in 1900 coextensive with that of 1790. .„.,.,
" Area covered in 1000 by Franklin. Grand Isle. Lamoille, and Chittenden counties, and by i)arus of Orleans. AddLson. and w ashinglun counUes.
15 Area covered in 1900 bv Kssex. Caledonia, and Or.inge counties, and by parts of Orleans and \\ ashington counties.
" .\rea covered in 1900 bv parts of Rutland and .\ddison counties.
" .Vrea covered in 1900 bv Windsor couniv. and bv part of Rutland county.
>« Area covered In 1900 by Borkshiri'coiiiitv. and 'l>v part of Franklin county.
'» .Vria covered in 1900 by parts of Bristol anri Norfolk counties, and by part of Providence coimty. K. 1.
^ .Vrea covered in I9<H) bv part of Kssex countv.
n Area covered in 1900 by parts ot Hampshire, Hampden. Franklin, and Worcester counties.
"Area covered in 1900 bv parts of .Middlesex, ,-iuiTolk. and Worcester counties.
» Vrea covered in 1900 by parts of Pivraouth an I Bristol coimlies.
» Area covered in 190i) bv parts of.-iullolk. Xorfilk. Kssex. Plymouth. Mid llwex, and Woiwater counties.
•J Area covered in 19ixi by parts of Worcester. Hampden. Hampshire, and Middlesex counties.
" Area covered In 1900 bv Newport eonntv. and bv (.art of Bristol county, Mass.
" .Vrea covered In 1900 by [lart of Providence county.
202
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 105.-WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF EACH COUNTY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF
THE SAME AREA IN 1900, TOGETHER WITH THE NUMBER OF COLORED PER 1,000 WHITES— Continued.
CONNECTICUT.
POPULATION IN
1790.
POPULATION IN 1900.
Num-
ber of
colored
persons
per
1,000
whites,
1790.
Num-
ber of
negroes
per
1,000
COUNTY,
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Free.
Slave.
Total.
Negro.
Indian.
Mongo-
lian.
whites,
1900.
The state
237,655
232,236
5,419
2,771
2,648
908,420
892,424
15,996
15,226
153
617
23
17
Fairfield '
36,290
38, 149
38,635
18,828
30,703
32,918
13,251
28,881
35,173
37,498
38, 119
18,492
29,882
31,605
13,111
28,356
1,117
651
516
336
821
1,313
140
525
318
395
313
144
434
732
94
341
799
256
203
192
387
581
48
184
184, 203
■ 195,147
66,238
40,876
267,492
81,183
22,203
51,078
180,839
191,776
65,182
40,405
262, 221
79,421
22, 130
50, 450
3,364
3,371
1,056
471
5,271
1,762
73
628
3,227
3,190
998
450
5,056
1,641
66
598
9
5
33
1
2
83
1
19
128
176
26
20
213
38
6
11
32
17
14
IS
27
42
11
19
18
17
Litchfield '
15
11
19
21
Tolland ^
3
12
NEW YORK.
The state
Albany'
Clinton "
Columbia"
Dutchess "
Kings"!
Montgomery »
New York city and county "
Ontario ^
Orange '^
Queens "
Richmond "
Suffolk 11
Ulster i»
Washington '"
Westchester 2<-
340,241
75,980
1,615
27, 496
45,276
4,549
28,852
33,111
1,074
18, 477
16,013
3,827
16, 646
29,370
14,077
23,978
314,366
72,087
1,583
25,811
42,981
3,021
28,223
29,619
1,058
17,315
12,886
2,945
14,310
26,295
14,028
22,204
25, 875
3,893
32
1,685
2,295
1,528
629
3,492
16
1,162
3,127
2,236
3,075
49
1,774
4,682 21,193
7,268,894
171
16
52
431
46
41
1,119
6
201
819
127
1,131
161
3
358
3,722 I
16
1,633
1,864
1,482 1
588
2,373
10
961
2,308
755
1,105
2,914
46
1,416
428, 417
210, 073
43,211
95, 457
1,166,582
1,127,730
1,850,093
1,234,365
142,157
208, 447
67,021
77, 582
157, 428
75, 567
384, 764
7,150,881
424, 404
208, 408
41,779
93, 093
1,146,909
1,119,761
1,808,968
1,225,283
137,256
203,328
65,863
74,298
155, 638
75, 228
376,665
112,013
4,013
1,665
1,432
2,364
19, 673
7,969
41, 125
9,082
4,901
5,119
1,158
3,284
1,790
339
8,099
99,232
5,257 7,524
3,889
335
1,417
2,335
18,367
7,236
36,246
6,796
4,837
4,921
1,072
3,035
1,768
290
7,688 I
16
,272
1
6
616
21
3,115
168
1
37
3
68
15
28
1,300
117
4,858
171
64
197
86
81
21
12
408
82
54
20
65
63
506
22
118
15
67
243
299
156
117
3
80
2
34
25
16
20
5
35
24
16
41
11
4
20
NEW JERSEY.
The state
Bergen "
Burlington =3..
Cape-May "...
Cumt)erland u .
Essex "
Gloucester " . ,
Hunterdon ^ ..
Middlesex » . . .
Monmouth " , .
Morris "
, Salem "
Somerset »
Sussex''
184, 139
12,601
18,095
2,571
8,248
17,785
13,363
20, 153
15,956
16,918
16,216
10, 437
12, 296
19,500
169,954
10,108
17,270
2,416
7,990
16,454
12.830
IS. 661
14,498
14,969
15,532
9,891
10,339
18,996
14,185
2,493
825
165
258
1,331
533
1,492
1,458
1,949
684
646
1,957
504
2,762
192
598
14
138
160
342
191
140
353
48
374
147
65
11,423
2,301
227
141
120
1, 171
191
1,301
1,318
1,596
636
172
1,810
439
1,883,669 1,812,317 71,352
506,412
104,373
13,201
61,193
572,686
185,950
77, 412
90,882
92,168
65, 156
25,530
37,802
61,915
497,571
100,686
12,328
48,785
564, 107
168,239
74,415
88,050
85,636
63,603
22, 493
36,225
61,379
7,841
3,787
873
2,408
18,578
17,711
2,997
2,832
6,522
1,653
3,037
2,577
636
9,844
7,379
3,723
869
2,403
18,022
17,561
2,934
2,782
6,457
1,618
3,029
2,540
627
63 1,445
462
42
4
5
650
143
46
49
62
35
8
30
247
48
64
32
81
42
80
101
130
44
55
39
15
37
70
49
33
104
39
32
75
25
135
72
9
1 Area covered in 1900 coextensive with that of 1790.
2 Population of Wolcott town added to, and that of Hartland town and Marlboro town subtracted from, 1900 figures to make areas comparable.
8 Population of Soiithl>ury town. Hartland town, nnci Middlel>ury town added to 1900 figures to make areas comparable.
< Population of Durham town subtr.ioIe(i from 19(10 figures to make areas comparable.
» Population of Middlebury town, Southbury town, and Wolcott town subtracted from, and that of Durham town added to, 1900 figures to make areas comparable.
> I'opulation of Columbia town and part of Marlboro town added to, and that of Lebanon town and Voluntown town subtracted from, 1900 figures to make areas
comparable.
' Population of Columbia town and Mansfield town subtracted from, and part of Marlboro town added to, 1900 figures to make areas comparable.
" Population of Mansflrld town, Lebanon town, and Voluntown town added to 1900 figures to make areas comparanle.
' Area covered in 1900 by Albany, Rensselaer, Saratoga, and Schenectady counties, and by parts of Greene and Schoharie counties,
w Area covered in 1900 by Clinton, Franklin, Essex, and St. Lawrence counties.
11 Area covered in ] 900 coextensive with that of 1 790.
12 Area covered in 1900 by Dutchess and Putnam counties.
13 Area covered in 1900 by Chemung, Montgomery, Fulton, Herkimer, Hamilton, Otsego, Jefferson, Tioga, Broome, Chenango, Oneida, Lewis, Madison, Cortland,
Oswego, Onondaga, Cayusa, Seneca, and Tompkins counties, and by parts of Delaware, Schoharie, Schuyler, and Wayne counties.
nAreacovered in 1900 by Manhattan borough.
» Area covered in 1900 by Cliautautiiia, Cattaraugus, Allegany, Erie, Niagara, Wyoming, Genesee, Orleans, Monroe, Livingston. Ontario, Yates, and Steuben counties,
and by parts of Wa.vne and Schuyler counties.
ui Area covered in 19(H) by Orange and Kockland counties.
u Area covered in IHOO by Queens and Nassau counties.
1* Area covered in 19(10 by Ulster and Sullivan counties, and by parts of Greene and Delaware counties.
1' Area covered in 1900 by Washington and Warren counties.
20 Area covered in 1900 by Westchester county, and by part of New Y'ork county.
" .\rea covered in 1900 by Bergen and Hudson counties, and by part of Passaic county.
^ Area covered in 1900 by Burlington county, and bv parts of Mercer and Ocean counties.
'-' Area covered in 1900 by Essex and Union counties', and by part of Passaic county.
21 Area covered in 1900 by Gloucester, Atlantic, and Camden counties.
^ Area covered in 1900 by Hunterdon county, and by part of Mercer county.
« Area covered in 1900 by Middlesex countv. and bv'parts of Mercer and Monmouth counties.
" Area covered in 1900 by parts of Mercer. Monmoutli. and Ocean counties. ,r
2" Area covered in 1900 by Somerset county, and bv part of Mercer county. '
» Area covered in 190O by Warren and Sussex counties.
GENERAL TABLES. 203
Table 10.5.-\V0ITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF EACH COUNTY REPORTED IN 1790 COMP\RED WITH TH \T OF
TUE S.VME AREA IN 1900, TOGETHER WITH THE NUMUER OK COLORED PER 1,0(J0 WUITES-^onlinuc-,!.'
PENNSTLVAXIA.
The state
AllPKhcny'
Rodford'
lifrks"
Uiu-ks*
flK'slir*
Cumberland*
Dauphin*
1 lelaware '
Fayette*
Franklin*
IluntinKdon'
I.anraster'*
Luzerne*
MiUlinio
Monttjomery*
Nortlianinton '> —
Northumherland ".
Philadelphia'
\Va,shington"
We.itmoreland"...
York'-
10,203
13, 132
30,189
25,216
27,829
18,208
18,155
9,469
13,318
15,662
7,558
36,081
4,892
7,562
22,918
24,238
17, 147
54.388
23,892
16,019 ,
37,535 !
POPULATION IN 1790.
Total. While.
433,611 423,373
10,032
13,052
29,928
24,374
27,141
17,779
17,886
9,133
12,990
15,057
7,491
35,192
4.868
7,461
22,305
24,086
16,971
51,916
23,617
15,852
36,182
Colored.
Total.
Free.
Slave.
6,531
3,707
171
80
261
842
429
289
336
328
C05
67
889
24
101
5.53
152
176
2,472
275
167
1,353
12
34 I
201 I
.181 '
S4«
206
59
287
46
279
24
542
13
42
440
132
2,099
12
850
159
46
m
ail
144
223
210
49
282
326
43
347
11
113
20
87
373
263
128
503
Total.
3iii,i>t.i
71.180
95,095
76,607
168,270
94,762
110,412
54,902
135,803
159,241
562,463
82,108
138,995
314,685
697,909
1,293,607
121,107
243,032
150,909
roraunoN im isoo.
White.
t'lK, 788
86,391
73,600
161,579
84,816
106,442
52,944
134,628
156,761
560,417
81,387
134,436
313, 535
694,056
1,229,673
116,393
240,845
148,880
Total.
Ul>4
2,402
9,304
2,917
6,001
9,947
4,970
1,958
1,175
2,480
2,046
721
4,559
1,150
3,8S0
64,034
4,714
2,187
2,029
Colorod.
Negro.
Indian.
V4U
2,200
9,242
1,900
6,008
9,894
4,952
1,954
1,168
2,461
2,004
716
4,503
1,116
3,733
62,613
4,600
2,149
2,013
185
39
1,015
6
8
Mongo-
1,9«7
339
12
24
17
23
2
17
46
u;
?l
18 '
42
3
37
30
86
1,177
34
24
at
7
3
32
107
at
41
117
47
87
9
II
«
•
a
t
t
SI
40
B
14
DELAWARE.'
Thestate i 59,096
Kent ! 18, 920
New-Castle I 19, 688
Susiox ' 20. 488
46.310 ! 12,786
14.050
16.487 I
15.773
4.870 '
3,201 I
4.715
3,899
2,570
639
690
8,887
2,300
2,562
4.025
184,735
32,762
109.097
42,276
163,977
26,017
93,4£6
36.504
30,768
7,748
16,241
6,772
30,607
7,738
16,197
6,762
m
7
347
309
36
194
173
10
2»
UD
199
MARYI.ANT>.»
The stale
319,728
208,649
111,079
8,043
lOS.O.'IO
1,466,762
1,143,956
322,806
321,766
26
1,015
632
281
4,809
22,598
25,4.34
13,503
8,652
9,506
13,625
20,613
15,875
30,791
14,976
12,836
18,003
21,344
15,463
15,544
15,610
13,084
15.822
11.640
4.539
11.664
18,953
11,925
4,211
7,028
10.055
10, 124
10,010
26,937
10,784
6,748
11,679
10,004
8,171
8,216
8,272
7,231
14,472
7,626
270
10,934
6,481
1,578
4,441
2.478
3.570
10.489
5,865
3,864
4,192
6.088
6.324
11,340
7,292
7,328
7,338
5,853
1.350
4,014
12
804
604
323
136
421
163
4(M
528
213
775
655
294
164
618
343
268
1,076
64
178
268
10,130
6,877
1,255
4,305
2,057
3.407
10,086
5,337
3,641
3,417
5,4.33
6,0.30
11,176
6,674
6,985
7,070
4,777
1,286
3,836
71,395
56,3.35
144,933
469,116
10,223
16,248
i 24,662
17.662
1 27,962
I 71,443
1
28,269
18,786
45,000
i 294,067
18,364
17, 182
38,997
20,342
46,133
! 30,643
69,594
36.645
125,446
396.324
5,060
12,009
20,850
8,014
18,476
64,193
22.411
11,343
30,387
199,448
11,991
8,926
28,126
12,875
42,642
21,276
1.801
19,790
19,487
72,792
6.143
4.239
3.812
9.648
9,486
7,260
6,868
7. 44.3
14.613
94,619
6,373
8,266
12,871
7,467
2,491
9,367
1,795
19,772
19,447
72,337
5,143
4,237
3,806
9.648
9,484
7,247
5,854
7.442
14.584
94,157
6,372
8,256
12,867
7,466
2,488
9,366
6
466
69
937
343
132
1.066
353
366
1,036
681
141
389
' 902
641
1,134
«
893
887
809
93
S3t
at
Ann- Arundel ^
641
Baltimore '»
156
Baltimore town and precincts " . .
183
Calvert *
1.013
363
Cecil*
3
181
Charles *
i.aiM
28
441
618
113
Harford *
ati
666
Montgomery «
1
21
480
473
(SI
St MarTi's *
93t
Somerselt »
Talbot «
2
«
no
n
Worcester ii
440
' Area covered in 1900 by Allegheny. Butler, CrawIor<i. Erie, Mercer, and Lawrence countie<!, and by parts of Arnislroni!. Heaver. Venango. Warren, and Fomt
counties.
• Area covered In 1900 by Bedford. Somerset, and Fnlton counties, ami by parts of Cambria and Ulalr counties.
• Area covered in I'.IOO by Berks county, and by part of Schuylkill county.
' .\rea lovered in IWIO coextensive witn thiit of IT'JI).
» .-^rea covered in V«I0 by Perrv and Cumberland counties.
• Arcacoveredin l',«)Obv I'auphincounty. and by part of Lebnnoncounly. , „, ,
' .\rea covered in H««) by lluulincdon county, and by parts of Center. Cambria, Clearneld. and lllalr counties.
'. \rca covered i n 190O by Lanea-siercountv. and by part of Lel)anon county. ,„ „ ,
» .Vrca covered In UHK) by Luzerne, Susquehanna. Wvomlnp. and Lackawanna counties, and by j)art of Bradfonl county.
"Areacoveredin i;«IOhy Milltinand Juniatacounties.and l>y partofCenle»eounty.
" \rea covered in I'mO by Northampton. Wa^Tie. Lehigh. I'ike. Monroe, and ( artK)n counties, and by part of Srhuylklll county.
iJAreaeove '• - ■'' :.........„_..., «„i.- — i.,,,..., t
Cameron count
'^ .\reacove. ..,,,. .....y, ... ........ ...,..^.. . ^.-. . . .
'• Are.1 covere'l in l'.«iO by Westmoreland county, and by parts of Armstrong and Indiana counties.
'i Area covered in VMW by York and Adams counties.
'• lnciu<Us popiiiaiicm of the District of Columbia In 1900.
" .\rea covered in 1<*(W by .\lleg.iiiv and tlarrett countii«.
" Areacovered In liiixibv Anne Arundeland Ilowardcounlles. . „ ... ,.
i« Area covered in I'JOO bV B:Utimore county, and by parts of tarroll county and Baltimore city.
» Area covere<i in I'.illObv part of liiUtimore city. „ ,. . ,
»i Area covered in 1900 by Caroline roiinty.and by part of Dorchester county.
M Ari'a covered In lllfKlbv part of Dorchester county.
» Areacovereil in MiKl bv Fred.-rick countv. and by part of Carroll county.
X Area coveriHl In IWKIb'v Montpomery county, and iWorKetouii. D. I. „,,..„....,.„„„
» Area eov.red in vm bv Irinee CeOTgrs countv. and the Distrii t of ( olumWa. exclusive of <.,«rgelown.
» Area covered In litno bv Somerset county, and by part of Wicomico county.
» jVrca covered In 1900 by Worcester county, and by pari of W Icomleo county.
overed in l«iO by Northanipton, Wa^-ne. Lehigh. INke. Monroe, and (arlK)nTOunties. and by nart of SchiyMklllTO^
overed in I'mo by VorthumI.eriand, Lveominp. JellerMin. McKean. I'uiier. Tlora. Columbia. X nion. I larlon. I Union. Klk. hulll\T»n, Honlour. Snyder, and
iniies and by parts of Armstrong. Ceiiter. Venango. Warren, Indiana, Clearneld. Bradford, and Forest counties.
overed in nuio by Wishinglon and Greene counties, and by pari of Iteavrr county.
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
204
Table 105 -WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF EACH COUNTY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF
THe"sAME AREA IN 1900, TOGETHER WITH THE NUMBER OF COLORED PER 1,000 WHITES-Contmued.
VIRGINIA.'
The state
Accomack
Albemarle
AmeliaCincludingNottowayCo.)
Amherst »
Augusta '
Be.lford
Berkley <
Botetourt'...
Brunswick.. .
Buckingham «
CamplieU'. ..
Caroline
Charles-City.
Charlotte*...
Chesterfield..
Culpeper'
Cumberland
Dinwitidie
Blizabeth-City.,
Essex
Fairfax i" . . -
Fauquier. ..
Fluvanna...
Franklin
Frederick " .
Gloucester n
Goochland
Greenbrier (including Kanawa)i3.
Greensville
Halifax
Hampshire
Hanover. .-
Hardy IS...
Harrison is,
Henrico —
11
Henry i^
Isle of Wight...
James City
King & Queen.
King George . . .
King William.
Lancaster
Loudon 18
Louisa
Lunenburg
Mecklenburg..
Middlesex
Monongalia i^.
Montgomery so
Nansemoud...
New Kent
Norfolk
Northampton
Northumberland.
Ohlo»i
Total.
747, 610
13, 959
12,585
18,097
13,703
10,886
10,531
19,713
10, 524
12,827
9,779
7,085
17, 489
5,688
10, 078
14, 214
22, 105
8,163
13,934
3,450
9,122
12, 320
17,892
3,921
6,842
19,681
13, 498
9,053
6,015
fi, 362
14, 722
7,346
14, 754
7,336
2,0S0
12,000
8,479
9,028
4,070
9,377
7,366
8,128
5,638
18,962
8,467
8,959
14,733
4,140
4.768
13,228
9,010
6,239
14,524
6,8.89
9,163
6,212
POPULATION IN 1790.
White.
442,117
8,976
6,835
6,684
8.2S6
9,260
7.725
16.650
9,241
5,919
5,496
4,946
6,994
2,084
6,199
6,358
13,809
3,577
6,039
1,5.56
3,543
7,611
11,157
2,430
5,735
15, 315
6,225
4,140
5,676
2.530
8,931
6, 879
6, 291
6,556
2,013
5,600
6, 763
4,786
1,519
4,159
3,123
2,893
2,2.59
14,749
3,880
4,547
7,555
1,,531
4,602
12.394
4,713
2,391
8,928
3,181
4, ,iOfi
4,907
Colored.
Total. Free. Slave
305, 493
4,983
5.750
11,413
5.417
1,626
2,806
3,063
1.283
6.908
4,283
2,739
10, 495
3,504
4,879
7,856
8,296
4,576
7,895
1,894
5,579
4,709
6,735
1,491
1,107
4,366
7,273
4,913
339
3,832
5,791
467
8,463
780
67
6,400
1,710
4,242
2,551
5,218
4,243
5,235
3.379
4,213
4,587
4,412
7,178
2,609
166
834
4,297
3,848
5, ,596
3,708
4,6,57
305
12,866
721
171
106
121
59
131
24
132
115
251
203
363
63
70
142
561
18
139
135
93
25
34
116
210
257
20
212
226
13
240
411
581
165
375
146
76
86
84
143
ia3
14
SO
416
51
12
6
480
148
251
464
197
24
292,627
4,262
5,579
11,307
5, 296
1,567
2,754
2,932
1,259
6,776
4,168
10, 292
3,141
4,816
7,487
8,226
4,434
7.334
1,876
5,440
4,574
6,642
1,466
1,073
4,250
7,063
4,656
319
3,620
5,565
454
8,223
369
67
6,819
1,551
3,867
2,405
6,143
4,167
5,161
3,236
4,030
4,573
4,332
6,762
2,658
154
828
3,817
3,700
5,345
3,244
4,460
281
POPULATION IN 1900.
Total.
2, 812, 984
32, 570
34, 922
SI, 403
33. 939
60, 662
.30,356
40, 065
76. 940
18,217
20, 634
44,832
16,709
5,040
15,879
28,519
33, 182
8,996
37, 184
19,460
9,701
31,089
23, 374
9, 0.50
25,963
31,248
21,071
9,519
406, 338
9,758
37,197
27, 322
17,618
15,724
149,270
115,112
34,667
13, 102
5,732
9.265
6,918
8.380
8.949
30.398
16.517
11,706
26.551
8,220
80,015
174.225
23,078
4,866
111,831
13,770
9,846
133,162
White.
2, 108, 088
20, 743
21,969
8,018
21,210
41,919
20,617
34,218
58,791
7,376
10, 699
26,871
7, 667
1,344
7,116
17,481
20, 885
2,791
16,931
10, 757
3,576
20, 465
15,074
5.039
20.005
26, 342
12,068
3,961
387, 036
3,402
17, 922
26,116
9.696
16,015
146,447
70, 044
24,660
6,833
2,712
4,006
3,596
3,266
4,058
23, 139
7,896
5,133
10.353
3.684
78,800
162, 327
10,116
1,660
57,212
6,141
6,680
130,672
Total.
Negro.
704,221
11,825
12,950
13,385
12, 729
8,738
9,739
5,847
18, 139
10,842
10, 035
18,961
9,042
3,696
8,763
11,037
12,296
6,205
20,261
8,582
6,126
10, 614
8,298
4,011
5,947
4,903
9.003
5.558
19, 295
6,356
19, 275
1,206
7,898
709
2,805
45,046
10,007
6,268
3,020
5,259
3,322
5.114
4,962
4,891
4,891
7.259
7,257
8.621
8.621
6,572
6,572
16,198
16.198
4,536
4.536
1.215
1,206
21,898
21,894
12,963
12,962
3,206
3,204
57,619
57,465
7,629
7,627
4, 166
4,166
2,490
2,470
Indian.
Mongo-
lian.
2
3
5
io
1
1
2
108
13
10
9
1
3
1
6
1
24
7
1
17
21
1
152
2
9
4
1
1
52
""m
2
20
Num-
ber of
colored
persons
per
1,0(10
Num-
ber of
negroes
per
1.000
whites, i^^hm-s,
1790. ^^"•
555
841
1,708
654
176
363
184
139
1,167
779
554
1,501
1, l'81
938
1,236
601
1,279
1,307
1,217
1,575
619
604
614
193
285
1, 168
1,187
60
1,516
648
68
1,346
119
33
1,143
254
886
1,679
1,266
1,369
1,810
1,496
286
1,182
970
950
1,704
36
67
912
1,609
627
1,166
1,034
62
334
570
472
171
309
1,470
947
733
1,179
2, 750
1,231
631
589
2,223
1,196
798
1,713
519
650
796
297
186
746
1,403
50
1,868
1,075
46
815
47
19
643
406
917
1,114
1,313
924
1,619
1,205
314
1,092
1,280
1,565
1,231
16
144
1,281
1,930
1,004
1,242
19
' Area covered In 1900 by Virginia and West Virgmia. Independent cities are included In county totals for 1790 and 1900.
'^ Area covered in 1900 by Amherst and Nelson counties.
' Area covered in 1900 by .\ugusta county, and by jiarts of Bath, Pocahontas, and Highland coimties.
' Area covered in 1900 by Berkeley and JolTorson counties, and by part of Morgan county.
' Area covered m 1900 by Botetourt, .Mleghany, and Roanoke counties, and by parts of Craig, Monroe, and Bath counties.
6 Area covered in 1900 by Buckmgham county, and by part of Appomattox county.
' Area covered in 1900 by Campljell county, and by part of Appomattox county.
8 Area covered in 19(X) by Charlotte county, and by part of Appomattox county.
» Area covered in 1900 by Culpeper, Madison, and Rappahannock counties.
i» Area covered in 1900 by Alexandria county, and by part of Fairfax county.
" .\rea covered in 1900 by Frederick and Clarke counties, and by part of Warren county.
'2 Area covered in 1900 by Gloucester and Mathews counties.
" Area covered in 1900 by Greenbrier, Boone, Cabell, (lav, Fayette, Jackson, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, Mingo, Nicholas, Putnam, Raleigh, Roane.Wayne,
and Wyoming counties, and by parts of Braxton, Calhoun, Gilmer, McDowell. Monroe, Pocahontas, Summers, Webster, Wirt, and Wood counties.
" Area covered in 1900 by Hampshire and Mineral counties, and by part of Morgan county.
15 Area covered in 1900 by Hardy and Grant counties.
1" Area covered in 1900 by Harrison, Doddridge, Lew is, and Ritchie counties, and by parts of Barbour, Braxton, Calhoun, Gilmer, Marion, Taylor, Upshur, Webster,
Wirt, Wood, and Pleasants counties.
1' .\rea covered In 1900 by Henry and Patrick counties.
" Area covered in 1900 by Loudoun county, and by part of Fairfax countv.
" Area covered in 1900 by Monongalia county, and by parts of Preston, Marion, and Taylor counties.
■'" Area covered in 1900 by Montgomery, Bland, Carroll, Floyd, Giles, Grayson, Mercer, Pulaski, and Wythe counties, and by parts of Craig, McDowell, Monroe,
Smyth, Summers, and Tazewell cdunties.
=1 Area covered in 1900 by Ohio, Brooke, Hancock, Marshall. Tyler, and Wetzel counties, and by part of Pleasants covmty.
GENERAL TABLES.
205
VIRCINIA >— Continued.
Tho state...
Edenion district.
Bertie i«
Camden '»
Chowan i»
Currituck"...
Gates i»
Hertford >»
I'lisqiiotanki" .
I'erctuiinans'" .
Tyrrell i:
Fayette district.
Anson"
Cumlierland "
Moore i"
Uichmond '* . ,
nobesoni*
Sampson '" . . .
nalifa.x district
EdReoombei'...
Franklin"
Halifax i»
Martini"
.Vash i»
Northampton "> .
WarrcnM
milsborough district .
CasH-elP'...
Chatham 10 ..
Granville".
t'ranKe ^
Randolph '» .
Wake*'
POPULATION I.S 1790.
rOrtXLATION IM IMO.
Colored.
White.
Total.
Orance '
ronlloton '
Piusylvania
}*owhatan
Prince Edward *
Prince George. . .
Prince William..
Priucc-ss .Vnne...
Randolph &
Richmond
UockI)ri(it;e
Rockingham " ..
Russell'
.shannandoah^. .
.Southampton
Spotsylvania
Statlo'rd
Surry
Sussex
Warwick
Washington*
Westmoreland...
York
5,436
2,378
8,538
2,28C
4,082
3,387
6,7«
4.527
932
2,918
5,825
6.677
3.143
9,979
0,312
5,171
5,4(>5
2,762
4,771
667
5,11." I
3, 1R3
2,115 1
4,485
74
3,041
4,536
4,018
4,786
4,871
3.266
19
4.067
72:)
772
195
531
0,552
6,081
4,123
3.465
5,778
1,028
45$
4,539
3,118
Free.
Slave.
64
1
62
211
32
267
167
64
83
5
19
559
148
87
368
33
8
114
358
4,421
73
2,979
4,325
3,986
4,519
4.704
3,202
19
3,984
682
772
IM
512
5,993
5,933
4,036
3,097
5,387
990
430
4.425
2, 71.0
Total.
18,785
12,045
63,414
6,824
16,118
7,752
11,112
11.192
48,876
7,088
24,187
38,130
115,100
33,351
22,848
14,307
8,097
8,469
12,082
24,523
48,895
9,243
7,4S2
White.
11,833
11,730
35.607
2,343
5,912
2,886
8,240
5,505
47,292
4,159
19,693
34.909
108.2.58
31,209
9,165
6,489
3,286
4,121
13,948
44,469
4,381
3.401
Colored.
ToUl.
6,952
315
27,807
4.481
10,306
4,806
2.872
5.687
1,584
2,929
4.494
3.230
6,842
2,142
13,683
5,508
1,608
5.183
7,961
10,575
4,426
4,8i;2
4,081
Negro.
27.1W4
4.481
10,206
4,858
2.871
6,087
1.579
2,929
4,494
3,228
6,842
2,142
13,683
5,507
1,608
5,183
7,9t>l
10,527
4,417
4,861
4,081
Indian.
Honico-
llui.
1
8
1
1 ^'
i
2
1
48
I
2
1
willies,
1790.
IWO. '
.'.87
27
iM
7H1
l,9M
1,913
9M
1,726
1,413
1,«83
722
348
721
1,003
au
33
1,394
704
124
116
62
53
1,038
1.176
754
1,2.55
1,211
1.534 ,
89
1,420 I
1,474
NORTH CAROLINA.
395.005
53.709
12.462
4,022 i
4,988
5,220 '
5,380
5,949
5.477
5,439
4,820
34,393
5.235
8,7.'M
3,870
6,053
6,343
6,162
04,848
289. 181
33.568
6.903
2,954
2.360
4.002
3.076
3.269
3.790
3.519
3,635
28,112
4.365
6, 407
3.487
4.415
4. 5.33
4,845
37,955
105.824
20.201
5.499
1.068
2.628
1.218
2,310
2.680
1.687
1.920
1,191
6.281
S70
2.203
383
6:<8
810
1,317 I
26.893
;.041
,893.810 1.263.603 I O.
5.687 I
1.048
19.153 I
110.615
>.455 I
378
30
41
115
93
232
87
37
35
41
83
12
55
277
140
1.364
10.265
7.502
14.310
6,010
7.390
9.992
9,379
m, 971
10,090
9,101
10.982
12,210
7.318
10. 198
7.02S
4.704
7.170
4.085
5,189
5.120
4,599
3.2.77
2.7:i8
7. HO
1.925
2.201
4.S72
4,7S0
70
37
443
96
193
458
07
45,820 14.151
7.593
0.504 I
10.055
0.S34
7,540 I
2,808
1,568
4.478
2. 101
484
2,652
72
10
315
101
24
ISO
5.121
l,ai8
2. .587
1.10)
2.217
2.448
1.000
1.883
1,150
5,073
829
2.180
371
583
533
1,177
25,529
3. 167
2.701
6.l»7
1.829
2,008
4.414
4,713
13.449
20.538
.5.474
10.2.58
8.413
10.413
14.294
13.0t«
10.091 I
17,474
190,881
35.897
44,067
23,622
28.408
40,371
24,616
184,029
as. 474
25.111.
30.793
15.383
32. 419
21.1.W
21,594
242,575
8.717
3.283
4.406
6.409
5,009
5.895
0.630
.5. OSS
10,418
112,522
20.002
26.810
15.773
13.801
19.577
16,469
83,827
10.904
12.078
1I,0(«
8.050
18.887
9.0.11
7,211
148,918
2,730
1,558
4. 103
2.060
460
2 472
31,713
23.912
37.504
64.584 ,
28,232
5<;.li30 .
16,491
15,573
17, 170
43,593
24, 500
31,525
11,821
11.821
2.191
2.191
6.8.52
5.8.50
2.004
2.004
4.804
4.804
8. .199
8.391
7.ai0
7.027
5.003
5.003
7.056
7,050
84,359 ! 80.347
15.805
17,257
7,849
14.007
20.794 ,
8,047
1.5.805
17.256
7.849
14.473
16,917
8.047
101.102 ' 101,095
4.012
.104
751 I
820 ,
445 l
. I 540
328
I 223
134
3,877
21.570
12.4.38
19,733
7,327 ,
13.532
12,119
14.383
12.438 .
19,7.13 :.
7.327 I.
13,529 1.
12.118
14.383 .
190
350
110
145
179
272
709
93,657 ' 93.652
16,222
8.339
20,328
20.991
3.672
25,105
16.222 I.
8 339 I
20.328 .
20.9'i7 '.
3.672 :.
25.104 !.
461
.575
990
471
424
9i52
1.039
309
1 .
386
.151
' .Vrea covered In lOOn liy \"irginla and West Virginia. Independent cities are Included In county totaU for 17(10 and 1900.
' .\rea coveretl in I'.hm) l.y Orange and Gre.-iie counties.
' Area covered In I'.mmi by Pendleton county. an*I by part of Highland county.
* .\rea coveretl in l'.»)0 bV Prince Ivlward rotiniv. an.l by part of .Vpponialtox county.
> .\rea covered In 19110 by K;m<loli>h and Tucker counties, an<l by i)arts of Harbour, Pocahontas. Prt-slon. t'pshur, and Welisler counllns.
• Area covered in Iftu*) bv RoekinL'hain e-oiinlv. and bv part of Page county.
'Area covered in HMK) by Russell, liiiehanan." Dickenson. Lee, and Wise counties, and by parts of McDowell, Scott, and Taiewell counlles.
».\rea covered In I'.iixi by sliinan.lo;ih county, and by parts of Page and Warren counlles.
» Area covered In P«X) by Wiishingtun county, ami by parts of Scolt and Smyth counties.
io.\n.acoven'd in PiOO eoexU'Usivc wilh that of K'.KJ.
" .\rea eoverid In l'.«iO bv Currituck counlv. and bv part of Dare county.
» Ana lovered in l»X) bv Tvrrell and Washington counties, and by part of Dan> county.
» .\rea coveri'd in l'.«ii) bv .V'nson countv. and by part of I'nion county.
i< .\na covered in I'.iiiO bv Harnett couiitv, and by part of Cumberland county.
" .\n'a eoviTed In l'.'i*) bv Richmond and Scotland countl.-s.
K .\rea covered in I'.iiH) bv Sam[ison countv, wilh the exception of a small sretlon
" .\rea covi'pd In I'JiK) bv lulg. comb.' county, and by part of Wilson county.
w .\rea coveri'd in l'.ti«) bv part of p'ranklin coimty.
'» Ana covepd in PKV) bv Nash countv. and by part of Wilson coimty.
=0 Vrea covend in I'.kki bv Warren counlv. and by part of Nance county.
== Area covend In l'.«K1 bv Caswell and Person counties.
•^Areacoven-d in I!«KI bv Cranville countv, and by parts of \ aner and Franklin counties.
- \rca cov.nd In IIKX) by Orange and .Vlainanee counties, and by part of Durham county.
s< Area covered In I'JOO by Wake countv, and by part of Durham county.
228
92
63
6«
l,4«3
636
248
1,577
l,«I2
7St
90
1,110
1,200
494
Mi 1
DM
700
362
1.114
i.3se
667
1,328
313
856
1.423
1,080
714
787
644
498
1,049
864
489
1.306
1,276
981
1.784
910
716
1.312
1,995
cat
923
535
1,184
4KI
1»
796
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
206
Table 105 -WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF EACH COUNTY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF
lABLE xuo^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ TOGETHER WITH THE NUMBER OF COLORED PER 1.000 WHITES-Continued.
NORTH CAROLINA— Continued.
POPULATION IN
1790.
POPULATION IN 1900.
Num-
ber of
colored
persons
per
1,000
whites,
1790.
Num-
COTJNTT-
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
White.
Colored.
negroes
per
1.000
Total.
Free.
Slave.
Total.
Negro.
Indian.
1
Mongo-
lian.
whites,
1900.
Morgan district
33,317
30,687
2,630
13
2,617
423,676
373,248
50,428
49,027
1,401
88
131
Burke i
8,106
9,246
7,808
8,157
55,683
7.497
8.391
7,197
7,602
38,800
609
855
611
555
16,883
9
600
855
609
553
16.042
150,376
71,031
138,676
ta, 593
218,855
134,633
56,081
124,212
58,322
127,391
15, 743
14,950
14,464
5,271
91,464
15,057
14,950
13, 758
5,262
91,454
686
81
112
85
73
435
112
267
Lincoln •
2
2
841
706
9
10
111
Wilkes*
71S
Newbera district
5,405
3,734
10, 474
6,994
4,204
5,691
4.796
8,270
6,115
66,927
3,655
2,932
6,474
4,936
3,024
4,298
3,071
5,881
4,529
58,425
1,750
802
4,000
2,058
1,180
1,393
1,725
2,389
1,586
8,502
128
93
337
46
37
65
70
25
40
249
1,622
709
3,063
2,012
1,143
1,328
1,655
2.364
1,546
8.253
27,372
11,344
31,704
30, 677
10,265
35,003
8,226
30, 889
33,375
388, 126
16,002
9,297
14,472
16, 852
6,132
25,678
4,466
15,397
19,095
286, 716
11,370
2,047
17,232
13,825
4,133
9,325
3,760
15.492
14,280
101.410
11,368
2,047
17,228
13,824
4,133
9,325
3,760
15, 492
14,277
101,392
2
479
274
618
417
390
324
662
406
350
146
710
4
1
1,190
820
674
363
842
1,006
3
12
748
Salisbury district
6
354
(; nil ford 11
7,300
5,430
11,360
5,039
6,211
15,972
8,423
7,192
26,097
6,657
4,569
9,685
4,191
5,088
14,129
7,633
6,483
15,814
643
871
1,675
848
1,123
1,843
790
709
10,283
27
3
67
11
10
102
12
17
216
616
868
1,608
837
1,113
1,741
778
692
10,067
39,074
34,310
90,853
29,417
33,163
67, 497
54,214
39,598
128, 153
27, 969
26,508
67,009
23,936
21,544
53,380
40,866
35,604
74,526
11,105
7,802
33,844
5,481
11,619
14,117
13,348
4,094
53,627
11,103
7,802
33,842
5,481
11,617
14,110
13.346
4,091
53,355
1
1
97
191
173
202
221
130
103
109
650
397
294
2
594
229
2
3
2
2
13
539
4
264
Stokes '^
327
1
259
115
Wilmington district
716
Bladen '^
5,100
3,070
5,663
6,837
5,427
3,356
1,556
4,274
3.032
3,596
1,744
1,514
1,389
3,805
1,831
58
3
3
68
84
1,686
1,511
1,386
3,737
1,747
34,230
18, 548
22,405
41,030
11,940
21,891
10,512
13,877
19.916
8,330
12,339
8,036
8,528
21,114
3,610
12,194
7,922
8,528
21.101
3.610
145
114
520
973
325
1,255
509
557
726
Dunlin U
615
is
1,081
433
SOUTH CAROLINA.
The State
249,073
140, 178
108,895
1,801
107,094
1,340,316
557,807
782,509
782,321
121
67
777
1,402
Beaufort district ^
18,753
38,265
66,985
10,706
22,122
73,729
18,513
4,364
29,242
16,402
7,418
8,878
62,462
12,412
14,389
9,023
51,583
3,288
13,244
11,267
6,101
153
158
950
59
113
198
170
14,236
8,865
50,633
3,229
13, 131
11,069
5,931
59,233
358, 8M
166,955
94,016
129,214
349,644
182,471
11,585
96.707
50,266
41,990
58,833
233,589
64,&37
47,648
262,177
116,689
62,026
70,381
116,955
117,634
47,639
262,092
116,639
52,023
70,347
115,952
117,629
9
13
36 1
2 '
3 ■
3
1|
3,297
309
3,349
443
1.492
180
492
4,112
Camden district ^
72
14
2.710
2,320
Cheraw district ^f'
1,239
Georgetown district ^
31
1,196
Ninety-six district *^ . .
496
Orangeburgh district ®
4
1,814
' Area covered in 1900 by Burke, Madison, Yancey, and Mitchell counties, and by parts of McDowell, Haywood, Swain, Buncombe, Caldwell, Watauga, and Alexander
counties.
3 Area covered in 1900 by Lincoln, Gaston, and Catawba counties, and by part of Cleveland county.
a Area covered in 1900 by Cherokee, Graham, Macon, Jackson, Transylvania, Henderson, Polk, Rutherford, and Clay counties, and by parts of Swain, Cleveland, Bun-
combe, Haywood, and McDowell counties.
* Area covered in 1900 by Ashe and Wilkes counties, and by parts of Alleghany, Watauga, Alexander, and Caldwell counties.
6 Area covered in 1900 by Beaufort county, and by part of Pamiico county.
6 Area covered in 1900 by part of Carteret county.
' Area covered in 1900 by Craven county, and by parts of Pamlico and Carteret counties.
8 Area covered in 1900 by Lenoir and Greene counties.
B .\rea covered in 1900 by Hyde county, and by part of Dare county.
10 Area covered in 1900 by Johnston county, and by part of Wilson county.
11 Area covered in lOiX) coextensive with that of 1790.
12 Area covered in 19i.tO by Wayne county, and by part of Wilson county.
13 Area covered in 1900 by Iredell county, and by part of Alexander county.
n Area covered in 1900 by Mecklenburg and Cabarrus counties, and by part of Union county.
15 Area covered in 1900 by Montgomery and Stanly counties.
18 Area covered in 1900 by Davie, Rowan, and Davidson counties, and by part of Forsyth county.
IT Areacovored in 1900 by Stokes county, and by part of Forsyth county.
19 Areacovend in 1900 by Yadkin and Surry counties, and by part of Alleghany county.
19 Area covered in 1900 by Bladen countv, and by parts of Cumberland and Columbus counties.
20 Area covered in 1900 by Brunswick county, and oy part of Columbus county.
21 Area covered in 1900 by New Hanover and Pender counties, and by part of Sampson county.
22 Area covered in 1900 by Beaufort and Hampton counties.
S3 Area covered in 1900 by Chester, Clarendon. Fairfield. Kershaw, Lancaster, Richland, Sumter, and York counties, and by part of Florence county.
2^ Area covered in 1900 by Tharleston, Colleton, and Dorchester counties, and bv part of Berkeley county.
^' Area covered in 1900 by Chesterfield. Darlington, and Marlboro counties, and'by part of Florence countv.
2fi Area covered in 1900 by Georgetown, Horry, Marion, and Williamsburg counties, and bv parts of Florence and Berkelev counties.
5" Area covered in 1900 by Abbeville, Anderson, Cherokee, Edgefield. Greenville, Greenwood, Laurens. Newberrv, Oconee, Pickens, Saluda, Spartanburg, and Union
counties, and by pari of Aiken countv.
23 Area covered in 1900 by Bamberg, Barnwell, Lexington, and Orangeburg counties, and bv part of Aiken county.
GENERAL TABLES.
207
Table 105.-WniTE AND COLORED POPULATION OF EACH COUNTY REPORTED IN 1790, COMPARED WITU THVT OF
THE SAME AREA IN 1900, TOGETHER WITH THE NUMBER OF COLORED PER 1,000 WHITES-Continued.
CEORGIA.
The state
Burke"
(.";iiii<len»
rimttmm>
Kllinnham*
Fr,inklin»
(;lyii«
Greene'
Liberty »
Hiclirnond'. . . .
Washington lo, .
Wilks"
POPULATION I.N 1790.
Total.
82,548
9,467
305
10,769
2,421
1,011
413
5,405
5,35o
11,317
4,552
31,500
White.
Colored.
Total.
52,880 29,(i«2
7,064
221
2,456
1.674
885
193
4.020
1.303
7,162
3.8.56
24,052
2,403
84
8,313
750
\S6
220
1..-J85
4,052
4.155
696
7.448
Free.
11
14
112
2
180
29,264
2,392
70
8,201
750
156
215
1,377
4,025
4,116
694
7,208
Total.
Slave.
040,538
48,744
12, 126
74,299
19,546
119.324
19,443
36,409
25.839
.W.347
132,9(i8
96.433
POPULATION IN 1900.
Colored.
Num-
ber of
eol-.n-ii
Num-
I'^rof
While.
297.007
12.792
5.933
31,414
9,(01
7<<,304
9,118
10,346
9,972
27,981
69,470
33.986
ToUl. ,; Negro.
343.531 343.421
Indian.
U.M6
42.930
10,325
26,123
15,867
27,3ii<>
63,498
62,447
4.' '.;
lu...;-
26,123 I
15,867
27,325 I
63,498 I
62,446 'i
Monito- wl'U",
51
,1790.
1900.
601
I.IU
340
2,811
380
1,044
3,3SS
1,304
448
i,aw
m
ua
1,140
1,131
345
2,.';2'i
3,110
i,.'«i
UD
•77
1»
914
310
I,8l7
KENTUCKY.
The state . .
73,677
61.133
12,544
114
12,430
' 2.147,174
1,8I'>2,309
284,Sfi5
284.706
102
57
205
153
7,837
18, 410
4,765
6,548
5,772
2,729
7,091
11,315
9.210
6.929
14.626
3,857
5,446
5,035
2,500
5,745
10,032
6,963
908
3,784
908
1,102
737
229
1,346
1,283 '
2,247
908
3,752
903
1,094
737
229
1,339
1,248
2,220
181,378
61,601
297.723
756.996
82,798
292,521
33.750
286.224
174, 183
159,832
41,930
243,250
642.753
73,882
283,613
26,591
237,517
152,941
21,546
19,671
54,473
114,243
8,916
8,906
7,159
28,707
21,242
21.542
19.669
54.470
' 114.212
8,916
8,811
7.159
28. 70S
21.222
4
2
2
15
131
2SB
235
202
140
»2
234
128
323
135
FaviHtf i»
32
5
8
Jellerson i*
1
!•
224
Lincoln »
178
Madison '•
121
Mason"
85
12
31
Mercer i»
7
35
27
2S9
Nelson w
.. .
2
20
121
Woodford »
139
' .\rea covered in 1900 by Burke county, and by parts of Jefferson and Screven counties.
».\rea covered in 1900 by Camden and Charlton counties, and by part of Wayne county.
* .\rea cover('<l in l'.t(H) by Chatham county, and bv part of Bryan county.
* .\rea covered in lytMl bv !-;tlin^:ham county, and bv pan of Screven coiinty.
» Area covered in 1900 by Franklin, Banks, Jackson, Hart, and KIbcrt counties, and by parts of Oconee. Clarke, and Madison counties.
•Area covered in 1900 by tilvnn counlv, and bv part of Wavne county.
'.\rea covered in 1900 bv parts o( Creene, Hancock. Oconee,' Oglelhorpe. Taliaferro, and Baldwin counties.
» Area covered In I'.HKJ by Liberty and Mcintosh counties, and by part of Tattnall county.
* Area covered in l'.»00 by Rlchniond county, and by part of Jefferson county.
"Area covered in 1900 by Washington, Bulloch, ICraanuel, and Johnson counties, and by parts of Baldwin, Bryan, Hancock, Jefferson, Laurens, Montgomery, and
Tattnall counties. . — . ,
" Area covered In 1900 by Wilkes, Columbia, Glascock. Lincoln, McDuffie, and Warren counties, and by parts of Clarke, Cireene, Madison, Ofilethorpe, and Tallafent)
" Area covered In 1900 by Bourbon, Montgomery, Bath, Letcher. Powell. Wolfe. Menifee, and Knott counties, and by parts of Clark, Harrison, Pendleton, Floyd,
Nicholas, Estill. Harlan, Perry, Pike. Morgan. Breathitt. Mapoffin, l.oe. and Le.illc counties.
" Area covered in 1900 by Kavetie and Jessamine countlns. and by part of Clark county. „ _, j
" \rea covered in 19(X) by Shdbv. Henri-, Oldham, Trimble, and Jefferson counties, and by parts of Franklin, Bullitt. Spencer, Carroll, and Anderson eo„nii....
u Area covered In 1900 by Liiiculn. I.oron. Pulaski. Christian. Warren. Cumberland, MuhlenlH-rc Barren, Knox. Wayne. CiL«<-y. LIvlnpiton. Hopkliu. i ' n.
Mien. Whitley, .'Simpson. Todd. Monroe, TricK, Hickman, Calloway, Graves, McCnuken. Laurel, Kussell. Clinton. Crlttend.'n, Marshall. It;illard, Fulton, i '■■;
Webster, and Carlisle counties, and by parts of Green. Garrard, Henderson, Adair, (lay, Pvockcastie, Butler, Hart, Edmoii.son, Boyle, Taylor, McU-an, an.; ...-i.vs.
w Areacovercd in 1900 by Madison, Owsley, and Jackson counUes, and by parts of Garrard, Clay, tslUI, Uockcaslle, Perry, Breathitt, Lee, LcsUe, Harlan, and Bell
" .\rea covered in 1900 by Mason, Bracken, Fleming Greenup, Lewis, Lawrence, Carter, Johnson, Rowan, Boyd, Elliott, Martin, Robertson, and Campbell counties,
and by parts of Floyd, Nicholas, I'ike. Morgan, Magothn. IVndlctun, and Harrison counties.
i«Areacovered"ln 1900 by Mercercounty. and by partsol Franklin, Anderson, Garrard, and Boylecounties. _-. „f ,-,.««,
1' \rea covered in 19(KI by NcNon, Washington, llardin. t)hio, Br«'klnridBe, Grayson. Daviess. Meade, Hancock, Marion, and Laruo counUes, and by part» of tirwsn,
Bu'llt't, Butler, Hart,. s,„.nc.r, Kdiimnson, Anderson. McLean, Taylor, Adair, and Henderson counties. , „ _, „ i.-„„i,ii„ ,.„„ii .„h P.nrfl.i.>n ~...niL«
»o Area cov^ed in I'JOO by Uoodford, Scott, Boone, Grant, OaUatin, Owen, and Kenton counlles, and by parts of Harrison, 1 rankUn, t anoU, and Pendleton coiintla.
208
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 106 -WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH STATE AND TERRITORY REPORTED IN
" 1790 COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE.
WHITE
POPtJU-TIOX
IN 1790.
■WHITE POPULATION IN 190O.
All ages.
16 years
and over.
Under
16 years.
All ages.
16 years and over.
Under 16 years.
STATE OR TEKRITOBT.
Number.
Per cent
of in-
crease
over
white
popula-
tion in
1790.
Number.
Per cent
of in-
crease
over
white
popula-
tion in
1790.
Number.
Per cent
of in-
crease
over
white
popula-
tion in
1790.
BOTH SEXES.
Continental United States
3,172,444
1,619,184
1,553,260
'66,893,403
2,008.6
43,046,595
2,558.5
23,846,810
1,435.3
Area enumerated in 1790
3,172,444
1,619,184
1,553,260
29,564,821
831.9
19,474,777
1,102.8
10,090,044
549. 6-
New England
992,384
526,094
466,290
5,527,026
456.9
3.916,531
644. 5
1,610,495
245.4
Maine
96,107
141,112
85,072
373, 187
64,670
232,236
954,003
47,354
72,548
41,440
203,318
34,683
126,751
482,608
48,753
68,564
43,632
169,869
29.987
105, 485
471,395
692.226
410,791
342,771
2,716,096
472,718
892,424
15,264,839
620.3
191.1
302.9
627.8
631.0
284,3
1.500.1
491,434
297,804
241,914
1,929,747
328, 555
027,077
10,292,527
937.8
310.5
483. 8
849.1
847.3
394.7
2,032.7
200,792
112,987
100,857
786,349
144,163
265,347
4,972,312
311.9
64.8
131.2
362.9
380.8
151.5
Middle states .
964.8
314,366
169,954
423,373
46,310
1,226,057
159,276
87,203
212,699
23,430
610,482
155,090
82,751
210,674
22,880
615,575
7,156,881
1,812,317
6,141,664
153,977
8.772,956
2,176.6
966.4
1,350.7
232.5
615.5
4,944,668
1,220,587
4,023.718
103,554
5,265,719
3,004.5
1.299.7
1.791.7
342.0
762.6
2,212,213
591,730
2,117,946
50,423
3,507,237
1,326.4
616. 1
905.3
120.4
469.7
Xfary^infi flnrl Di^trift. of rnlnmhin
208,649
442,117
289,181
140, 178
52,886
61,133
31,913
114,806
222,459
139,239
67,016
24,814
27,790
14,358
93,843
219,658
149,942
73,162
28,072
33,343
17,555
1,143.956
2.108.088
1,263,603
557, 807
297,007
1,862,309
1,540,186
37,328,584
448.3
376.8
337.0
297.9
461.6
2,946.3
4,726.2
762,703
1,263,882
723.060
324,751
173,399
1,110,743
907,181
23,571,818
564.3
468.1
419.3
384.6
598.8
3,896.9
6,218.3
381,253
844,206
540,543
233,056
123,608
751,566
633,005
13,736,766
306.3
^'i^?"i^ia and West Vircinia
284.3
260.5
218.5
Georgia
340.3
Kentucky
2,154.0
Tennp^spp
3,505.8
MALES.
1,615,701
815,098
800,663
34,285,307
2,021.9
22,223,462
2,626.5
12,061,843
1.406.5
1,615,761
815, 098
800. 663
J4, 831, 668
817.9
9.738.805
1.094.8
5,092,863
536.1
New KnglariH
494,254
255,048
239,206
2,730,121
452.4
1,922,793
653.9
807, 326
237 5
49,074
70,929
44,710
182,712
31,801
115,028
490, 153
24. .341
36, 074
22. 405
95.433
16. o.->i;
60,739
251,408
24,733
34, 855
22,305
87.279
15.745
54,289
2.38.745
349.786
204, 931
174.641
1,323,178
231.232
446,353
7,665,449
012.8
188.9
290.6
624.2
627.1
288.0
1,463.9
248.310
148.474
123, 596
931,082
157,931
313, 402
5, 165, 431
9201
311.6
451.6
875.6
883.6
416.0
1,954.6
101,476
56,437
51,045
392,096
73.301
132,951
2,300.018
New Hampshire
61 0
365 6
Connecticut
144.9
Middle states
162,073
86.667
217,487
23,926
631,354
83,815
45,251
110,539
11,783
308,642
78,2.58
41,416
106,928
12,143
322,712
3,558,116
906,543
3,122.304
78,486
4.436,098
2,095.4
946.0
1,335.6
228.0
602.6
2, 448, 151
610,039
2,054,286
52,935
2,650,579
2,820.9
1,248.2
1,758.1
349.2
7.38.8
1,109,965
296,484
1,068,018
25,551
1.785.519
615 9
Pennsvlvania
898.8
110.4
433.3
Southern states
Maryland and District of Columbia. .
107,254
227, 071
147,825
73,298
27, 147
32,211
16,548
53, 913
110,936
70, 172
35,576
13, 103
15, 154
7,786
51,3.39
110.135
77,6.53
37,722
14,044
17,057
8,762
666,316
1,070.009
632, 155
281, 147
149,721
948,048
782,702
19, 4.33, 639
428.0
373.9
327.6
283.6
451.6
2,843.2
4,629.9
374, 578
645,869
356,589
161,778
87,122
565, 703
458,938
12, 484, 657
569.9
482.2
408.2
354.7
5(i4. 9
3, 633. 0
5,794.4
191,738
430, 140
275, 566
119,369
62,599
382,343
323,764
6,968,982
Virj-inia and West Virginia
270.4
254.9
216.4
345.7
2,141.6
3,595.1
South Carolina
KontuckT
■"■|
' Includes 84,209 persons in the military and naval seriMce stationed abroad.
GENERAL TABLES.
209
Table lOG.-WEITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH STATE AND TERRITORY REPORTED IN
1790, COMPARED WITU TUAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE-Continued.
-
WHITE POPULAUON
M 1790.
wmTE rorOLATioN oc 1900.
AU ages.
10 years
and over.
Under
16 years.
All ages.
10 years and over.
Percent
or In-
crease
poptlln-
tlon In
1790.
Under 10
yean.
STATE OR TERRITORY.
Number.
Percent
of In- I
crease
over
white
popula*
tlon In
1790.
Number.
Per cent
or In-
crease
over
wlilte
[Hiptila-
(lun In
I7S0.
FEMALES.
Continental United States
I,. 556, 683
804,086
1
752. '■'-
O.. ,-n« 009
1,994.7 jl 20,823,133
,,,..-
l,«lS.t
1.550,0X3
804.080
75L'
1, ,
635.0
S04.O
1,993,730
498,130
271,040
227,084
Z. 790, 905
401.5 :
803. 1)»
253.7
Maine
47,033
70, 1S3
40,302
190,475
32,800
117,208
463,850
23,013
30,474
19,035
107,885
18,027
66,012
231,200
24,020
33,709
21,327
82,590
14,242
51,190
232.050
342, 440
. 205, 8<»
168, 130
1,392,918
241,480
446,071
7,599,390
028.1
193.3
310. 6
031.3
634.7
280.6
1,538.3
243, 124
149, .330
118.318
998,005
170,024
313,675
5,127,096
9.50. ,j
309.4
.521.0
825.7
816.0
375.2
2.117.6
99,310
50,530
49, 812
394,263
70,802
132,390
2,472,294
313.5
Vermont
133.6
Rhode Island
397 6
158.6
Middle states
902.7
152.293
83,287
20'), 880
22,384
594,703
75,461
41,9.52
102, 140
11,647
301,840
70.832
41. .135
103,746
10,737
292,803
3,598.765
9a-., 774
3,019,300
75,491
4,33«,85S
2,263.1
987.5
2,490,517
3,208.4
1,3,5,5.3
1,828.2
334.0
766.4
1,102,248
295,240
1,049,92H
24,872
1.721,718
1,. 134.0
New Jersey
014.3
l,3<i0.5 1 1,9<»,4.12
237. 3 .50. 019
912.0
Delaware
131.6
Southern states
629.2
2,615,140
487.9
Maryland and Distriet of Columbia
101,395
215,046
141,356
60,880
25,7.'W
28,922
15,365
58,891
111,523
09,067
31,440
11,711
12,636
1 6,572
42..i04
103.523
72,289
a5,440
14,028
16,280
8,793
.577.040
1,032.079
031,448
270, C<»
147,280
914.201
757,484
17,874,945
4<i9.7
379.9
340.7
313.7
472.2
3,001.1
4,829.9
388.12.5
018,013
300,471
102. 973
80,277
545,038
448,243
] 11,087,161
.M9. 1
4.54.2
4.».0
4ia4
(VTO. 7
4.213.4
6,72aS
189,515
414.000
204,977
113,087
01,009
300,223
309.241
0,787,784
34.5. 9
3oao
North Carolina \
200.6
23a8
334.9
Kentucky
2. 167. 1
3,41&B
1
210
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 107.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED
MAINE.
The state
Cumberland'..
Hancock'
Lincoln 3
Washington <..
York'
BOTH SEXES.
1790
96,107
25,351
9,504
29,592
2,740
28,920
1900
692,226
Percent of
increase.
620. 27
175,364
101,503
200, 152
79,126
76,081
591. 74 I
1,599.32
576. 37 I
2,787.81
163. 07 I
All ages.
1790
49,074
1900
349,786
12,832
4,964
15,347
1,402
14,469
84,282
83,l.'i7
103,705
40,684
37,978
Per cent of
increase.
612. 77
556.81
1,574.80
575. 73
2,682.76
162. 48
16 years and over.
1790
24,341
6,208
2,435
7,668
754
7,276
1900
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
The state
Cheshire'
Grafton'
Hillsborough!".
Rockingham'" .
Straflord "
141,112
28. 605
13,419
32, 707
42,795
23,520
410,791 I
48,255
74,«73
128,881
84,835
74, 147
191. 11
68.34
456. 47
294. 05
98.24
215. 17
70, 929
14.575
7,079
16, 537
20,808
11,930
204, 931
24, 241
39,115
62,542
42.290
36, 743
188.92 !
66.32
452. 55
278. 19
103. 24
207. 99
36,074
7,008
3,708
8,145
11.141
6,012
VEKMONT.
MASSACHUSETTS.
248,310
00,524
58,334
76,043
20,187
27,222
Percent of
increase.
148,474
17,618
28,354
43, 968
31,. 503
27, 031
920. 13
874. 94
2,295. 65
891. 69
3,373. 08
274.13
311.58
151. 40
652. 49
439.82
182. 77
349. 62
1
The state
85,072
342,771
302.92
44, 710
174,641
290.01
22,405
123,596
451.64 1
6,383
12,173
7,264
10,485
15. 558
17,514
15, 695
19,648
21,536
106,724
90,774
44.898
26, 593
32,598
207.82
76.92
1,369.22
765. 75
188.58
51.84
107.70
3,424
6,308
4.012
5,038
8,088
9,088
8,152
10, 028
10,901
54, 082
47,043
22,718
13,411
16, 458
192.87
72.81
1,248.01
734. 39
180. 89
47.57
101.89
1,768
3.103
2,251
2,873
3,990
4.416
4,004
6,933
.7,008
37,300
33,729
16,004
9,866
12,096
292. 14
147. 12
1,557.04
1,074.00
301. 10
123.41
202.10
^
Chittenden'*
5
Orange '^
6
ff
1
The state
373,187
2,716,096
627.81
182,712
1,323,178
624. 19
95,433
931,082
875.64
?
16,970
29,940
30,960
3,2.30
57,007
59,205
42,177
4,521
29,013
43,803
66,355
26,971
94,400
194,556
4,256
354,298
273,043
618,867
2,958
106,983
695,047
344,717
58.93
215. 30
528.29
31.76
521. 50
361. 18
1,367.31
'34.57
268.74
1,486.76
511.69
8,293
15,146
14,895
1,534
26,825
30,118
20,691
2,218
14,029
20,699
28,264
12,795
46,308
94,557
2,023
172,069
132,099
297,910
1,287
53,505
336,741
173,164
54.29
206.14
534. 82
31.88
541. 45
340.60
1,339.80
'41.97
281. 82
1,526.85
512. 67
4,200
7,356
7,956
823
14,258
15,109
11,071
1,201
7,493
11,300
14,000
9,395
31,910
04,925
1,543
122,311
91,357
209,108
1,020
39,192
239,055
120,006
123. 09
333. 80
716.05
87.43
757. 84
504. 65
1,788.79
' 15. 07
423.05
2,008. .i3
726. 48
1
Berkshire"
4
Bristol'^ . .
>;
6
Essex=»
7
Hampshire *'
9,
0
in
Plvmouth^
11
Suffolk "
1?
RHODE ISLAND.
The state
Bristol"
Kent"
Newport
Providence 2'..,
Washington " . ,
64,670
472,718
630. 97
3,013
8,439
13,174
23,518
16,526
12,975
29,634
135,085
271,817
23,207
330.63
251. 16
925. 39
1,055.78
40.43
31,801
1,455
4,286
0,112
11,641
8,307
231,232
627. 98
6,422
14,706
65,712
132,905
11,487
341.37
243.12
975. 13
1,041.70
38.28
16,056
778
2,158
3,256
6,155
3,709
157,931
4,519
9,869
42,774
92,382
8,3S7
883.63
480.85
357. 32
1,213.70
1,400.93
126. 13
^ .\rea covered in
2 Area covered in
8 .-Vrea covered in
Penobscot counties.
* .\rea covered in
' Area covered in
* Area covered in
' Decrease.
8 Area covered in
* Area covered in
'" .\rea covered in
" Area covered in
*2 Area covered in
" Area covered in
1900 by parts of Franklin, Somerset, York, Cumberland, .Androscoggin, and Oxford counties.
1900 by Hancock county, and by parts of Waldo, Penobscot, Piscataquis, and Aroostook counties.
1900 by Lincoln, Knox, Keimebec, and Sagadahoc counties, and by parts of Waldo, Androscoggin, Somerset, Piscataquis, Franklin, Aroostook, and
1900 by Washington county, and bv parts of Penobscot and Aroostook counties.
1900 by parts of York, Cumberland, Oxford, and Franklin counties.
1900 by Cheshire coimty, and by part of Sullivan county.
1900 by Grafton and Coos counties, and by parts of Carroll and Merrimack counties.
1900 by Hillsboro county (except Pelham, which was in Rockingham county in 1790). and by parts of Merrimack and Sullivan counties.
1900 by Rockingham county, and by part of .Merrimack county, and the town of Pelham (now in HiUsboro county).
1900 by Strafford and Belknap counties, and by paits of Carroll and Merrimack coimties.
1900 by part of .\ddison county.
1900 coextensive with that of 1790.
GENERAL TABLES.
211
IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF TOE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INCREA.SE.
MAINE.
KALES— continued.
Under 16 years.
1790
24,733
6,624
2, 52'J
7, 679
708
7,193
Per cent of
Increase.
101,476
310.29
23,758
24,803
27, &i-2
14. 497
10, 75U
258.67
880.74
2liO. 23
1,947.00
49.53
All ages.
1790
47,033
1900 I Pj-fcntof
locreasu.
12,519
4,540
14.245
1,278
14,451
342,440 I
91,082
78,306
96,447
38,442
38,103
628.08
627.65
1,626.12
577. IK.
2,907.'.«
Itki. l.T
IC yean and over.
1790
23,013
0,124
2.143
1900
243, 124
66.S87
.S4.l!>rt
To, lAl
Per cent of
Increase.
956.43
987.31
2, 428 98
'.I.Vl .-.'.I
•l.lrj;, 17
212. Isl
Under 10 jean.
1790
34,020
G,a»5
2,397
7, .117
Gtl8
7,013
1900
99,310
24. 495
24, 170
25,703
14,510
10,372
Per cent of
IncnaM. .
NEW BAMPSHIRE.
VERMONT.
MASSACHUSETTS.
RHODE ISLAND.
313. 47
wa.iki
90K 34
242 T.t
1,979. K,
47. Ml
" Areacoverfd in
1^ .\rea covered in
1" -Vroacovcri'd in
" .\roacovprfd in
18 Area covered In
19 .\rea covered in
» .\rpa covered in
*i .\rea covered in
».\reaeo\ered in
*• -Vrea covered in
** .Vrea covered In
* Area covered In
'* ,\rea co\'ered in
» Area covered in
190Oby
1900 hy
1900 liy
190O1.T
1900 by
19(10 hv
19(10 hv
1900 In-
1900 liv
1900 liV
1900 I'V
1900 bV
19>I0 liy
1900 by
Franklin, Grand Isle, Lamoille, and Chittenden coiinlles, and by parts of Orleans, Addison, and Washington counties.
Essex, Caledonia, and Orantic counties, and by parl5 of Orleans and Wajshington counties.
parts of Rnliatid and .Vddi.son conntie.s.
\\'indsorconnIy. and by partof Rutland county.
Berkshire conntv. and by partof P'ranklln county.
parts of Bristol and Norfolk counties, and by part of Providence county, R. I.
part of Essex county.
parts of Hampshire, Hampden. Franklin, and Worcester counties.
parts of MI'Idlesex. .Siilloik.and Worcejilcr counties.
parts of Plymouth a:id lirlslolcoimlies.
parts of SiiiToik. Norfolk. Essex, riymniith. NfliMlesex. and Worre.'itor counties.
parts of Worcester, Flampden. Hampshire, and .Middlesex counties.
Newport county, and by part of Bristol county. Mass.
part of f rovldence county.
34,855
56, 457
61.98
70,183
20,5,880
193.32 ' 36,474
149,330
309.41
33.709 1 56,530
•7.70 I 1
7,667
3,311
8, 392
9,607
5,918
6,623
10,761
18,574
10, 787
9,712
'12.48
225. 01
121.33
11.59
64.11
14,090
6,340
16, 170
21,987
' 11.596
24,014
35.558
66,339
42,545
37,404
70.43 '
460. 85
310.26
93.50
222.56
7,323
3.295
8.404
11,427
6,026
17,570
21,092
47,492
31.618
27,558
139.93
661. 52
40.'.. 11
176. ;o
357.32
6,767
3.045
7, -lie
10,560
5,570
6,444
10,4»i«
18,847
10,927
8,846
'4.77 3
243.71 3
142.08 4
3.48 fi
70.77 S
22,305
51,045
■ ■
128.85
40,362
168,130 I 316.56
; 19,035
118,318 521.58
21,327
49,812
133. M
1
1,656
3,205
1,761
2,765
4,098
4,672
4,148
3,095
3,233
16.782
13,314
6, 714
3.545
4,362
86.90
0.87
852.98
381.52
63.84
' 24. 12
5.16
2.959
5,865
3,252
4.847
7,470
8.426
7,543
9,620
10,635
52,642
43,731
22,180
13,182
16,140
225.11
81.33
1,518.76
802.23
196.92
56.44
113.97
1,364
2,820
1,458
2,241
3, 463
4. 128
3,561
6,764
7,478
36,104
30.879
1.5. 4.50
9,771
11,872
395.89
165.18
2,376.27
1,277.91
346.14
136.70
233.38
1.595
3,045
1.794
2.80li
4,007
4,298
3,982
2,856
3.157
16,538
12.852
6,730
3,411
4,268
79.06
3.68
821.85
303.17
67.95
'20.64
7.18
3
87,279
392,096
349. 24
190,475
1,392,918
1
031.29 ,
107,885
998,065
825.68
82,590
394,253
377. ai
1
4,093
3,400
I 16.93
8,677
14, 176
63.37
4,915
10,855
130.85
3,762
3,321
'11.72
,
7,790
14,458
85.60
14,794
48,032
224.67
8, .379
33, ita
29.179
6.415
14,809
131. 78
6,939
29,632
327.04
16.071
99,999
522.23
9, 102
67.341
ta».77
0,960
32,658
368.69
711
480
' 32. 49
1,696
2,233
31.66
%l
1,?28
79.81
735
505
'31.29
12,567
49, 7.58
295.94
30,182
182,229
603.77
17.095
13-', 279
673.79
13,087
49,950
281.08
15,009
41,342
175.45
29,087
140,344
382.50
16,475
99,179
502.00
12,012
41,165
236.40
9,620
88,802
823.10
21,486
320,957
1,393.80
12, 170
232,917
1,813.86
9,310
88,040
845.04
1,017
267
'73.75
2,30:l
1,671
' 27. 44
1,304
1,338
2.01
999
333
>6«l67
6,536
14,373
119.91
14,984
.53,418
256.50
8,487
39,2X3
362.86
6,497
14,135
117.56
in
9,333
97,086
940.24
23,104
358,306
1,450.84
13,086
260,435
1,890.18
10,018
97,871
876l95
II
13,664
52,498
284.21
28,091
171,553
510.70
15,911
120, 147
65.5.12
12,180
61,406
322.05
13
15,745 73,301
365.55
32,869
241,486' 634.69
1,8,627
170,624
816.00
14,343 70,802 397.56
1
677
2,128
2,856
5,486
4,598
1,903
4,837
22,938
40, .123
3,100
181.09 1,558
127.30 4,153
703.15 7,062
638.(56 1 11,877
'32.58 1 8,219
6,553
14,928
69,373
138,912
11,720
320.60 '■
250.45
882.34
1,069.59
42.60
883
2,353
4,002
0, 731
4,658
4,686
10,0.10
49, .184
97,712
8,582
430.08
326.03
1,139.23
1,351.67
84.24
en
1,800
3,060
5,146
3,561
1,867 176.99
4,878 171.15
19.779 546.37
41.200 7W.63
3,138 < '11.88
212
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 107.-^V^ITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND ACxE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED
CONNECTICUT.
—
COITNTY.
BOTH SE.\ES.
MALES.
All ages.
16
years and over
1790
1900
Per cent of
increase.
1790
1900
Percent of
increase.
1790
1900
Percent of
increase.
1
The state
232,236
892,424
284. 27
115,028
446,353
288. 04
60,739
313,402
415. 98
35,173
37,498
38,119
18,492
29,883
31,605
13,111
28,356
180,839
191,776
65,182
40,405
262,221
79,421
22,130
50,450
414.14
411. 43
71.00
118.50
777.52
151.29
68.79
77.92
17,543
18,652
19,372
8,870
14,684
15,337
6,587
13,983
89,245
97,444
33,048
19,743
131,923
38,893
10,978
25,079
408. 72
422. 43
70.60
122.58
798.41
153. 59
66.66
79.35
9,149
9,808
10,135
4,730
7,843
8,189
3,449
7,436
62,724
69,606
23,376
14,318
90,852
27,443
7,682
17,401
585.58
609.69
130.65
202. 71
1,058.38
235. 12
122. 73
134. 01
•^
J
T,i(/»hflPl<13
g
7
9
NEW YORK.
1
The State
314,366
7,156,881
2,176.61
102,073
3,558,116
2,095.38
83,815
2,448,151
2,820.90
o
72,087
1,583
25,811
42,981
3,021
28,223
29,619
1,058
17,315
12,886
2,945
14,310
26,295
14,028
22,204
424,404
208,408
41,779
93,093
1,146,9m9
1,119,761
1,808,968
1,225,283
137,256
203,328
65,863
74,298
155,638
75,228
376,665
488. 74
13,01)5.38
61.87
116. 59
37,864.55
3,867.55
6,007.46
115,711.25
692. 70
1,477.90
2,136.43
419. 20
491. 89
436. 27
1,596.38
37,644
901
13,293
22,041
1,606
15,071
14,382
716
8,930
6,418
1,500
7,081
13,833
7,405
11,252
207,707
106,030
20,671
46,253
564,321
557,272
897,291
610,565
68,533
103,086
33,841
37,042
78,854
37,435
189,215
451.77
11,668.04
55.50
109. 85
35,038.29
3,597.64
6,138.99
85,174.44
667. 45
1,506.20
2,156.07
423.12
470. 04
405. 54
1,581.61
18,684
545
6,554
10,972
903
7,866
8,482
524
4,596
3,555
747
3,787
7,050
3,616
5,934
147,386
71,525
15,032
33,972
374,351
404,176
610,892
410,947
47,731
67,316
22,679
26,288
54,122
26,551
129, 183
688. M
13,023..'<5
129. 36
209.62
41,350.37
5,038.27
7,102.22
79,470.04
938. 53
1,793.56
2,936.01
594. 10
667. 69
634. 26
2,077.00
•^
t^
7
^
q
10
lo
n
14
Ulster '8
It
Ui
NEW JEKSEY.
1
The state
169,954
1,812,317
966.35
86,667
906,543
946.00
45,251
610,059
1,248. 17
■>
10,108
17,270
2,416
7,990
16,454
12,830
18,661
14,498
14,969
15,532
9,891
10,339
18,996
497,571
100,586
12,328
48,785
554,107
168,239
74,415
88,0.50
85,036
63,503
22,493
35,225
61,359
4,822.54
482. 43
410. 26
510.57
3,267.61
1,211.29
298. 77
507. 32
472. 09
308. &5
127. 40
240.70
223. 11
5,164
8,789
1,240
4,113
8,311
6,598
9,345
7,370
7,521
8,030
5,075
5,209
9,902
250,904
50,883
6,303
24,491
271,784
83,970
36,991
46,. 502
42,542
31,879
11,493
17,619
31,176
4,75a 71
47a 94
40a 79
495.45
3,170.17
1,172.65
295.84
530. 96
465.64
296.99
126. 46
238. 24
214.84
2,885
4,625
631
2,147
4,339
3,287
4,966
3,995
3,843
4,092
2,679
2,819
4,963
164,390
35,029
4,425
16,417
181,183
57,486
25,775
31,936
29,292
22,068
7,962
12,401
21,695
5,637.87
657. 38
601.27
664.65
4,075.68
1,64a 89
419. 03
699. 40
662. 22
439. 30
197. 20
339. 91
337. 13
1
4
6
7
S
Hunterdon ^ ...
q
Middlesex ss
10
11
v
.Salem i
n
Somerset ^^
14
PENNSYLVANIA.
The state.
Allegheny 3",
Bedford »i . . .
Berks'"
Bucks'
Chester'
Cumberland ^ .
Dauphin^'
Delaware'
Fayette'
423,373
6, 141, 664
1,3.50.65
217,487
3, 122, 304
1,335.63
110,559
2,054,286
1,75a 09
10, 032
1,186,717
11,729.32
5,269
612,496
U.. 524. 52
2,524
407,947
16,062.72
13.052
195. 203
1,395.58
6,727
102, 954
1,430.40
2,887
63, 849
2,111.60
29,928
315, 081
952. 80
15,262
101,387
957. 44
7,711
103,277
1,239.35
24,374
6a 788
182.22
12, 423
34. 404
176.94
6,529
23, ISO
254. 57
27, 141
86,391
2ia30
14,076
43.398
20a31
7,486
29,068
296. 31
17,779
73, 690
314.48
9.330
30, 038
286. 26
4,816
23.356
3M. 97
17,886
161,579
803. 38
9,085
81.088
792. 55
4,651
53, 845
1.0.57.71
9. 1.33
84,815
828. 67
4,639
42,279
811.38
2,530
28.508
1,026.80
12, 990
105, 442
711.72
6,835
58,000
748. 57
3,415
37, 861
l,00a67
' .\rea covered in 1900 coextensive with that of 1790.
s Population of Wolcott town added to. and that of Ilartland town and Marlboro town subtracted from. 1900 figures to make areas comparable.
' Population of Southtmry town, llartlaud town and Mlddleburv town added to 1900 figures to make areas comparable.
' PopuUition of Durham town subtracted fron\ 1900 fiKures to make areas comparable.
5 Population of Middlebun,- town, Southbury town, and Wolcott town subtracted from, and that of Durham town added to, 1900 figures to make areas comparable.
» Population of Columbia town and part of Marlboro town added to, and that of Lebanon town and \"oluntown town subtracted from, 1900 figures to make areas
comparable.
' Population of Columbia town and Jtansfleld town subtracted from, and part of Marlboro town added to. 1910 figures to make at«as comparable.
' Population of Mansfield town, Lebanon town, and \'oluiitown town added to 1900 figures to make areas comparable.
Area covered in 1900 by Albany, Rensselaer. .Saratoga, and Schenectady counties, and bv parts of Greene and Schoharie counties.
'» Area covered in 1900 by Clinton, Franklin, Essex, and St. Lawrence counties.
" Decrease.
'= Area covered in 1900 by Dutchess and Putnam counties.
13 Area covered in 1900 by Chemung, Montgomery, Fulton, Herkimer, namilton, Otsego, Jelterson, Tioga, Broome, Chenango, Oneida, Lewis, Madison. Cortland,
Oswego, Onondaga, Cavuga, Seneca, and Tompkins counties, and by parts of Delaware, Schoharie, Schmder, and AVavne counties.
» Area covered inlOOO by Manhattan borough.
li Area covered in 1900 by Chautauqua. Cattaraugus, Allegany, Erie, Niagara, Wvoming, Genesee, Orleans, Monroe, Livingston, Ontario, Yates, and Steuben counties,
and by parts of \\ ayne and .Schuyler counties.
" Area covered in 1900 by Orange and Rockland counties.
GENERAL TABLES.
213
XN 1790, COMPARED WITri THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE-Continued.
CONNECTICUT.
HALES— continued.
ruuus.
■"
Under 16 years.
All ages.
16 yean and over.
DnderlSyeui.
,790 ' ,900 P-c|^o'
1
1790 1900
Percpntof
Incretuo.
nw 1900 ''r„'^°'
1790 1900 Percent of
locreaie.
11,289 ! 132,9.51
144.89
117,208 ' 446,071
280.58
66,0U ' 3,3,675! 375. U ' 51,1M | 132,3»
158.61
1
.S,39!
8,844
9,237
1,140
6,841
7,148
3,138
6,547
28,521
27,838
9,872
5,425
41,071
ii,4.';d
3,296
7,078
215.95
214.77
4.71
31.01
500.37
60.18
5.04
17.28
17,630
18,846
18,747
9,622
15,198
16,268
6,524
14,373
91,594
94,332
32,134
20,662
130,298
40,528
11,152
25,371
419. .')3
400. .M
71.41
114. 74
757.34
149. 13
70.94
76.52
9,929
10,614
10,558
5,419
8,5.59
9,162
3,674
8,0»5
64,907
66, .117
22,501
15,079
80,999
28,924
7,885
17,850
453.71
526.69
113. 15
17&28
951.39
215.70
114.80
120.51
7,701
8,232
8,180
4,203
8,630
7,106
2,8.M>
6,278
26,687
27,815
9,630
S,583
4a,»t
11,604
3,257
7,521
246.54
237. 8B
17.60
32.83
507.10
63.30
14.28
19.80
NKW TORK.
78,258
1,109,965
1,318.34
152,293
3,598,765
2,263.05
75,461
2,496,517
3,2aa35
76,832
1,102,248
1,334.62
1
18,960
60,321
218. 15
34,443
216,697
529. 15
17,066
136,473
816.82
17, 3n
60,224
246.59
7
3m
34,5a5
9,592. 42
682
102,378
14,911.44
338
68,588
20,192.31
344
33,790
9,722.67
3
6,739
5,639
11 16.32
12,518
21,108
6,8.62
6,202
15,542
1.50.56
8,318
5,586
>• 11.86
4
11,069
12,2S1
10.95
20,940
46,840
123.69
10,376
34,432
231.84
10, 6«
12,408
17.48
5
703
189,970
26,922. 76
1,415
582,588
41,072.30
701
392,286
55,860 91
714
190,302
28,552.94
8
7,205
153,096
2,024.86
13,152
562,489
4,176.83
6,.517
412,217
8,225.28
6,635
1.50,272
2,164.84
7
5,900
2«6,:ja9
4.754.22
15,237
911,677
5,883.31
7,550
629,967
8,24a 93
7,687
281,710
3,5«4. 78
A
192
193,618
100,742.71
342
614,718
179,642. 11
169
424,972
251,382.72
173
189,748
100,579. 77
9
4,334
20,S02
379.97
8,385
68,723
719.59
4,1.5.5
48,242
1,081.08
4,230
20,481
384.18
10
2,863
33,770
1,119.39
6,468
100,242
1,449.81
3,205
65,229
1,935.23
3,263
35,013
973.09
11
753
11,162
1,382.34
1,445
32,022
2,110.06
716
21,.5.V.
2,910. 61
729
10,466
1,33.5.87
12
3,291
10,7.54
226. 47
7,229
37,256
415.37
3,582
28,776
647.52
3,647
10,480
187.38
13
6,783
24,732
264.62
12,462
76,78'1
516. 15
6,175
52,772
754.61
6,287
24,012
281.93
14
3,789
10,8.S4
187.25
6,623
37,793
470.63
3,282
26,9.58
721.39
3,341
10,835
224.30
IS
5,318
60,032
1,02&85
10,952
187,450
1,811.56
5,427
120,507
2,U0.S1
S,S2S
«6,»«3
,,,11.64
18
NEW JERSEY.
41,416
]
296,484
615.87
83,287
905,774
9S7.S3
I 41,952
610,528
1,355.30
41,335
295,246
6,4.28
I
1 2,299
4,164
609
1,906
3,972
86,514
15,854
1,884
8,074
90,601
3,663.11
280.74
209.36
310. 68 1
2,180.99
4,944
8,481
1,170
3,877
8,143
246,607
49,703
6,019
24,294
282,323
4,888.21
486.05
411.81
£26.61
3,367.06
2.490
4,272
592
1.953
; 4, 102
100.064
34,;>:ii)
4,204
16,535
191,115
6,328.27
708.43
610. 14
746.65
4,559.07
2,454
4,209
584
1,924
4,041
86,803
15,167
1,815
7,759
91,206
3,429,05
260.35
210. 79
303.27
2,157.07
2
3
4
S
6
3,311
4,379
3,.-i75
3,678
26,484
11,216
14,566
13,250
699.88
156. 13
331.58
260.25
6,232
9,316
7,128
7,448
84,269
37,424
41,548
43,094
1,2,52. 19
301.72
4.S2. 88
478.60
1 3,1,19
4,«I2
3,590
; 3,752
57,757
26,101
27,212
30,023
1,739.98
457.57
657.99
700.19
3,093
4,624
3,538
3,698
26,512
11,263
14,336
13,071
757.16
143.58
305.20
253.85
7
8
•
,0
3,938
2,396
2,390
4,939
9,811
3,531
5,218
9,481
149. 14
47.37
118.33
91.96
7,502
4,816
5,130
9,094
31,624
11,000
17,606
30,203
321.54
128.40
243.19
232.12
1 3,779
1 2,426
1 2,,5S4
4,581
22,032
7,655
12,319
20,915
483.01
215.54
376. 74
356.56
3,723
2,390
2,546
4,513
9,582
3,345
5,287
9,288
157.64
39.96
107.66
105.81
,1
12
13
14
PENNSYLVANIA.
106,928
1,068,018
898.82
205,886
3,019,360
1,366.52
102,140
1,969,432
1,828.17
103,746
1,049,928
912. 02 1
1
2,745
3,S40
7,551
5,894
6,590
204,549
39, 105
58,110
11,254
13.730
7,351.69
918.36
669.57
90.94
108.35
4,763
6,325
14,666
11,951
13,065
574,221
92,249
153,694
34,384
42,993
11,955.87
1,358.48
947.96
1S7.71
229.07
2,363
3,138
7,275
6,929
6,482
373,362
54,470
96,918
23,414
29,801
,5,700.34
,,635.82
,,232.02
294.91
359.75
2,400
3,187
7,391
6,022
6,583
200,859
37,779
86,776
10,070
,3,192
8,280. 13
1,085.41
608. 2S
82.17
,00.39 ,
2
3
4
5
6
4,514
4,434
2,109
3,420
12,682
27,243
13,771
20, 139
180.95
514. 41
552.96
488.86
8,449
8,801
4,494
6,155
37,652
80,491
42,536
47,442
345.64
814.57
846.51
670. 79 ;
4,192
4,366
2,229
3,053
2.5,257
53,407
29,172
27,934
502.50
1,123.25
1,208.75
814.97
4,257
4,435
2,265
3,102
,2,395
27,064
13,364
19,508
,91. ,7
610.60
49a 03
528.88
7
8
9
19
"Area covered in 1900 by Queens and Nassau counties.
" Area covered in 1900 by Ulster and Sullivan counties, and by parts of Greene and Delaware counties.
i» Area covered in 1900 by WastiinRton and Warren counties.
•» Area covered in 1900 by Westchester countv, and by part of New York county,
SI Area covered In 1900 by Bergen and Hudson counties, and t>y part of I'assalc county.
«.\rea covered in 1900 bv Hurlincton county, and by parts of .Mercer and Ocean counties.
» .\rea covered in 1900 by Essex and Union counties, and by part of Passaic county.
» .\rea covered in 1900 by fJloucester, .\tlnntie. and Camden ooimlie.^.
» Area covered In 1900 by Hunterdon county, and by part of Mercer countv.
"Area covered in 1900 by Middlc^ux county, and by parts of Merc<T and Monmouth counties.
» Area covered in 1900 by parts of .Mercer, Monmouth, and Oc<>an counties.
« .\rea covered In 1900 by Somerset countv. and by part of Meror county.
:if^LTe;;:,tiL^irb7AiSnri''uticrcrS^^
■1 Area covered in 1900 by Bedford, .•^onu^rset, and Fulton counties, and by parts of tamljria and Blair oounUes.
"AreaooveredinlOOOby Berks countv, and by part of Schuylkill county.
«i.\reacovered in 1900 by Perry and Cumberland counties.
1 Area covered in 1900 by Dauphin county, and by part of Lebanon county.
76292—09-
-15
214
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 107.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED
PENNSYLVANIA— Continued.
=
COUNTY.
BOTH SEXES.
HALES.
All ages.
16 years and over.
1790
1900
Per cent of
increase.
1790
1900
Per cent of
increase.
1790
1900
Per cent of
increase.
15,057
7,491
35, 192
4,868
7,461
22,365
24,086
16,971
51,916
23,617
15,852
36. 182
52,944
134, 628
156,761
560,417
81,387
134, 436
313, 535
694,069
1,229,673
116,393
240, 845
148, 880
251.62
1,697.20
345. 44
11,412.26
990. 83
501. 10
1,201.73
3, 989. 68
2,268.58
392. 84
1,419.34
311.48
7,895
3,9M
17,781
2,565
3,909
11,383
12,411
8,920
25, 393
12,612
8.372
18,640
25,910
68,210
76, 695
288,086
40, 883
66, 446
160,878
358,044
604,268
59, 924
126. 485
73,831
228. 18
1, 622. 47
331.33
11,154.81
945.87
483.73
1,196.25
3, 913. 95
2,279.66
375.13
1,410.81
296.09
4,021
1,871
9,714
1,237
1,954
6,001
6,007
4,191
14, 497
5,333
4,013
i 9,171
16, 137
42,889
50, 004
184,875
25,621
44,956
106, 400
229,013
417,013
39, 172
80,146
46, 599
301.32
2,192.30
414. 76
14,845.43
1,211.21
649.14
1,671.27
5,364.40
2,776.55
634. 52
1,897.16
408. 11
T>
Mifflin ^ ,
17
IS
10
Philadelphia'
'>0
O]
oo
York '"
1 The state
46,310
153,977
232. 49
23,926
78,486
228.04
11,783
52,935
349. 24
14,050
16,487
15,773
25,017
93, 456
35,504
78.05
466. 84
125.09
7,172
8,720
8,034
12,689
47,578
18,219
76.92
445.62
126.77
3,705
3,973
4,105
8,522
32,803
11,610
130. 01
725.64
182. 82
3 New-Castle
4 Sussex
MAKYLAND.12
Tlie state
Allegany ''
Ann-.\rundel '^
Baltimore ^
Baltimore town and precincts i*
Calvert'
Caroline w
Cecil 1
Charlesi
Dorchester la.
Frederick »
Harford '
Kent 1
Montgomery "
Prince Georges '=
Queen Anns '
St. Marysi
Somersett =
Talbot I
Washington i
Worcester ^*
208,649
4,539
11,664
18,953
11,925
4,211
7,028
10,055
10, 124
10,010
26,937
10, 784
6,748
11,679
10,004
8,171
8,216
8,272
7,231
14,472
7,626
12 1,143,956
69,594
36,545
125, 446
396, 324
5,080
12, 009
20, 850
8,014
18, 476
64, 193
22,411
11,343
30, 387
199, 448
11,991
8,926
26, 126
12, 875
42,642
21,276
448.27
1,433.25
213.31
561.88
3,223.47
20.64
70.87
107. 36
"'20. 84
84 58
138. 31
107. 82
68.09
160. 18
1,893.68
46.75
8.64
215. 84
77.91
194. 65
178. 99
2,351
5,992
9,852
6,422
2,200
3,539
5,224
4,964
4,971
14,026
5.684
3,423
6,030
6,156
4,132
4.043
4,093
3,6.50
7,601
3,901
"566,316
35,215
19, 182
62, 760
191,934
2,745
6,102
10,612
4,186
9, .503
31,902
11,269
5,938
16, 198
97,555
6,154
4,652
13, 151
6,564
20,945
10, 749
428.01
1,397.87
220. 13
537. 03
2,888.70
24.77
72.42
103. 14
" 15. 67
91.17
127.45
98.26
73.47
152. 04
1,792.07
48.94
15.06
221. 30
79.84
175. 56
175. 54
55, 915
1,068
3,142
5,184
3,866
1,091
1,812
2,847
2,565
2,541
7,010
2,872
1,876
3,284
2,653
2,158
2,100
2,185
1,938
3,738
1,985
"374,578 I
20,911
1,857.96
12,522
298. 54
40,921
689.37
127.938
3,209.31
1,660
52.15
3,837
111.75
6,966
144. 68
2,530
i'1.36
5,906
132. 43
20,359
190. 43
7,386
157. 17
3,934
109.70
10, 177
209.90
70,349
2,551.68
3,873
79.47
2,719
29.48
8,265
278.26
4,300
121.88
13,264
254.84
6,761
240.60
VIRGINIA.2S
The state.
Accomack
Albemarle
-Vmelia (including Nottoway Co).
Amherst ^
Augusta ^
442, 117
8,976
6,835
6,684
8,286
9,260
2,108,088
20,743
21,969
8,018
21,210
41,919
376. 81
131. 09
221.42
19.96
155. 97
352. 69
Bedford 7,725 20,617 166.
Berkley* 16,650 34,218 105.45
Botetourt » 9,241 58,791 536.20
Bmnswick 5,919 7,371; 24.60
BuckinghamM 5,496 10,599 1 92.85
1 Area covered in 1900 ooe.\ tensive with that of 1790.
2 .Irea covered in 1900 Ijy Huntingdon county, and by parts of Center, Cambria, Clearfield, and Blair counties.
> Area covered in 1900 by Lancaster county, and by part of Lebanon county
227,071
4,474
3,493
3,406
4,291
4,836
4,051
8,800
4,809
3,001
2,811
10, 617
11,005
4,u52
10, 694
20, 845
10, 294
17,065
29,946
3,711
5,310
373. 85
137. 30
215. 06
18 97
149.22
331.04
154.11
93.92
522. 71
23.66
88.90
110,936
2,297
1,703
1,709
2,056
2,599
1,785
4,253
2,247
1,472
1,274
645,869
6,522
6,711
2,442
6,197
13,069
6,021
10, 703
18,382
2,239
3,100
482. 20
183.94
294. 07
42.89
201.41
402.85
237.31
151.66
718. 07
52.10
143.33
, . - - I county.
„ „ .. - - .- , - - ;-. '„" „,.„...,.„.,„, McKean, Potter, Tioga, Columbia, Union, Clarion, Clinton, Elk, Sullivan, Montour, .Snvder, and
Cameron counties, and by parts of Armstrong, Center, Venango, Warren, Indiana, ClearQeld, Bradford, and Forest counties.
» Areacoveredinl900by Washington and Greene counties, and by part of Beaver county.
« Area covered in 1900 by Westmoreland county, and by parts of Armstrong and Indiana counties.
'".irea covered in 1900 by York and .\dams counties.
" County boundaries same in 1790 as in 1900.
w Includes population of the District of Columbia in 1900.
la Area covered in 1900 by Allegany and Garrett counties.
" Area covered in 1900 by Anne .\rundel and Howard counties.
tt Area covered in 1900 by Baltimore county, and by parts of Carroll countv and Baltimore city.
I
GENERAL TABLES.
IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INOREASE-Continued.
PENNSYLVANIA— ContlDucU.
215
KALES— con tlBued.
Under 16 years.
1790
3,874
2,089
8,067
1,328
1,955
5,382
6,404
4,729
10,896
7,279
4,359
9,469
9,773
25,321
26,691
103,811
15,262
21,490
54,478
129,031
187,255
20,752
46,339
27,232
Per cent of
Increase.
152. 27
1,112.11
230. 87
7,717.09
680.66
299.29
750.69
2,628.50
1,618. 57
185.09
963.06
187.59
All I
1790
1900
7,162
3,531
17,411
2,303
3,552
10,982
11,675
8,051
26,523 1
11,005
7,480
17,542 I
27,034
6«,418
80,066
271,731
40,504
67,990
152,657
336,015
625,405
56,469
114,360
75,049
Per cent of
Increase.
277.46
1,781.00
359.86
11,099.00
1,040. .32
519. 10
1,207.55
4,073.58
2,257.97
413. 12
1,428.88
327.82
16 years and over.
1790
3,SS3
1,762
8,638
1,143
1,762
5,448
5,792
3,994
13,157
5,460
3,711
8,703
1900
17,587
41,544
53,324
168, 476
25,718
46,639
99,260
209,706
439,132
36,254
69,629
48,428
Percent of
Increase.
394.99
2,271.23
517.32
14,639.81
1,.1W.59
75<1.0S
1,613.74
5,150.53
3,237.38
563.99
1,776.29
456.45
Under 10 yean.
ino
3,600
1,779
8,773
1,160
1,790
5.534
5.HX3
4,057
13,3«a
5,545
3,760
1900
9,447
24,874
26,742
IU:i,255
14,786
21,351
53,397
120,309
180,273
20,215
44,731
26,021
Per cent of
lncr«*M.
726.03
285.81
807. AS
3,013.30
1,203.74 19
264.56 20
1,086.81 21
201. U . 22
DBI.AWARE.U
12,143 25,551
110. 41 1 22,384
75,491 1 237.26
11,647
50,619
334.61 10,737
24,872
Ul.M 1
3,467
4,747
3,929
4,167
14,775
6,609
20. 19
211.24
68.21
6,878
7,767
7,739
12,328
45,878
17,285
79.24
490.68
123.35
1 3,579
1 4,041
4,027
8,391
31,287
10,941
134.45
674.24
171.69
3,299
3,726
3,712
3,937
14,591
6,344
19.34 2
291.60 3
70.91 4
MABYDAND."
51,339
B 191,738
273. 47
101,395
"577,640
469.69
68,891
» 388, 126
669.06
42,604
>> 189,616
346.86
1
2
1,283
14,304
1,014.89
2,188
34,379
1,471.25,
1,271
20,434
1,607.71
917
13,946
1,430.72
2,850
6,660
133.68
5,672
17,363
206.12 1
3,294
10,981
233.36
2,378
6,382
168.38 3
4,668
21,839
367. 84
9,101
62,686
588.78 1
5,286
41,170
678. 85
3,815
21,516
463.98 4
2,556
63,996
2,403.76
5,503
204,390
3,614. 16 1
3,196
139,892
4,277. 10
2,307
64,49K
2,605.76
6
1,109
1,085
"2.16
2,011
2,335
16. 11 1
1,168
1,422
21.75
843
913
8.30
6
1,727
2,265
31.15
3,489
5,907
69.30^
2,026
3,798
87.46
1,463
2,109
44.16
7
2,377
3,646
53.39
4,831
10,238
111.92
2,806
6,825
14.3.23
2,025
3,413
68.64
H
2,399
1,056
"30.97
5,160
3,828
"25.81
2,997
2,244
"25.13
2,163
1,584
"26.77
9
2,430
3,597
48.02
5,0.-i9
8,973
78.07
2,927
5,507
88.14
2,112
3,466
64.11
in
7,016
11,543
64.52
12,911
32,291
ISO. 10 1
7,499
21,114
181.56
5,412
11,177
106.52
11
2,812
3,883
38.09
5,100
11,142
118.47
2,962
7,264
145. 24
2,138
3,878
81.38
12
1,547
2,004
29.54
3,325
5,405
62.56
1,931
3,455
78.92
1..394
1,950
39.89
13
2,746
5,021
82.85
5,649
15,189
168.88!
3,281
10,294
213.75
2,.TIVS
4,895
106.71
14
2,503
27,206
986.94
4,848
101,893
2,001.75]
2,816
74,629
2,550. 18
2,032
27,2f.4
1,241.73
1'.
1,974
2,281
15. 55
4,039
5,837
44.52 1
2,346
3,045
55.37
1,693
2,192
29.47
10
1,943
1,933
"0.51
4,173
4,274
2.42
2,424
2,400
"0.99
1,749
1,874
7.16
17
1,908
1,712
4,886
156. 08
4,179
12,975
210. 48
2,427
8,035
231.07
1,752
4,940
181.90
18
2,264
32.24
3,581
6,311
70.24
2,080
4,122
98.17
1,501
2,189
4S.84
19
3,863
1,916
7,681
98. 84
6,871
21,(i97
215.78
3,991
14,277
257.73
2,880
7,420
157.64
20
3,988
108.14
3,725
10,527
182.60
2,163
6,017
205.92
1,562
3,910
150.32
21
VIRGINIA."
110,135
430,140
270.36
215,016
1,032,079
379.93
111,523
618,013
454.16
103,523
: : a
414,066
299.97
1
o 177
4,095
4,291
1,610
88.10
4,. 502
10,126
124.92
2,335
6,146 ;
163.21
2,167
3,980
83.00
2
1,790
1 697
139.89
" 5. 13
3,342
3,278
10,964
3,966
228.07
20.96
1,733
1,700
6,813
2,401
293. 13
41.24
1,600
1,.57S
4,151
1,.56S
157.99
■ ■0 82
3
4
2,235
2,237
101.21
3,995
10,516
163.23
2,072
6,093 :
194.06
1,923
4,423
130 01
5
7,776
247.61
4,424
21,074
376.38
2,294
13,523
489.49
2,130
7,551
254.51
6
2,286
4,547
2,562
1,529
1,537
4,273
6,362
ll,.5frl
1,472
2,210
88.57
39.92
3il. 37
3,674
7,850
4,432
2,918
10,323
17,153
28,845
3,664
180.97
118.51
550 83
25.57
1,905
4,071
2,298
1,513
6,224
11,139
17,492
2,117
226.72
173.62
661.18
39.92
1,769
3.779
2,134
I,4rt'.
4,099
6.014
11, .153
1,547
131.71
S9il4
432.01
10 11
7
8
9
431-9 1
2,685
5,289
96.98
1,392
3,153
120.51
1,293
2,136
65.20
11
i« A rp.a covered
1^ Decrease,
w Area covere<l
u Area covered
■I Area covereri
>» Area coverwl
» Area covered
« Area covered
*• Area covere<i
» Area covered
« Area covered
» Area covered
» Area covered
* Area covered
M Area covered
in 1900 by part of Baltimore city.
in 11*00 hv Caroline county. ftn«i by part of Dorchester county.
in 1900 b'v part of Don-he.^tcr county.
in IWOO bV Fre<lerick countv. and by part of Carroll countv.
in 1900 bv Monlgoinerv county, and by C.eorcptown. D.C.
In 1900 by Prlnte OeorRCS county. an>l bv the Oi.strict of Columbia, exclusive of Georpetown.
in 1900 by Somerset countv. and bv p-irl of \Vl(H)mlco coimty.
In 1«« h^y \V|yS-r;;^S'\^/^t v;j;;nir"lnL';ia"i^^^^^^^ mduded in county toUd. .or 1,«, and ,900.
i'n^5i^a".!7^u^''.'aUI!;iv^''lTh~p"J^^ n«.h. Pochontas. and ni.hlanJ «,un,.e,.
in I'lon hv hiTkolev anil Ji-lTerson "counties, and l>y part of Morpin county.
in IMO by BotPtouVt AlloBhanv. and Roanoke counties, and l.y parts of traig. Monroe, and UalU counUea.
la 1900 by Bucldngham county, and by part of .\pponmttoi county.
216
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
• Table 107.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED
VIRGINIA'— Continued.
Campbell >
Caroline
Charles-City
Charlotte!
Chesterfield
Culpeper *
Cumberland
Dinwiddle
Elizabeth-City
Essex
Fairfax «
Fauquier
Fluvanna
Franklin
Frederick ^
Gloucester'
Goochland
Greenbrier (includes Kanawa) »
Greensville
Halifax
Hampshire '*•
Hanover
Hardy '1
Harrison '^
Henrico
Henry «
Isle of Wight
James City
King & Queen
King George
King William
Lancaster
Loudon '*
Louisa _
Lunenburg
Mecklenburg
Middlesex
Monongalia '^
Montgomery '«
Nansemond
New- Kent
Norfolk
Northampton
Northumberland
Ohio "
Orange i^
Pendleton '^
Pittsylvania
Powhatan
Prince Edward >»
Prince George
Prince William
Princess Anne
Randolph!"
Richmond
Rockbridge
Rockingham "
liusseli"
Shaunandoah 21
Southampton
Spotsylvania
Stafford
Surry
Sussex
Warwick ,
Washington ^
Westmoreland
York
BOTH SEXES.
1790
4,946
6,994
2,084
5,199
6,358
13,809
3,577
6,039
1,556
3,543
7,611
11, 157
2,430
5,735
15, 315
6,225
4,140
5,676
2,530
8,931
6,879
6,291
6,556
2,013
5,600
6,763
4,786
1,519
4,159
3,123
2,893
2,259
14, 749
3,880
4,547
7,555
1,531
4,602
12, 394
4,713
2,391
8,928
3,181
4,506
4,907
6,436
2,378
8,538
2,286
4,082
3,387
6,744
4,527
932
2,918
5,825
6,677
3,143
9,979
6,312
5,171
5,466
2,762
4,771
667
5,167
3,183
2,U6
25,871
7,667
1,344
7,116
17, 481
20,885
2,791
16,931
10,757
3,576
20, 465
15,074
5,039
20,005
26,342
12,008
3,961
387,036
3,402
17,922
26,116
9,696
15,015
146, 447
70,044
24,660
6,833
2,712
4,006
3,596
3,266
4,058
23,139
7,896
5,133
10,353
3,684
78,800
152,327
10, 115
1,660
57, 212
6,141
5,680
130, 672
11,833
11,730
36,607
2,343
5,912
2,886"
8,240
6,506
47,292
4,159
19, 693
34,909
108,268
31,209
9,165
8,799
6,489
3,286
4,121
13,948
44, 469
4,381
3,401
Percent of
increase.
423.07
9.62
> 35. 51
36.87
174. 94
51.10
3 21. 97
180.36
591. 32
0.93
168.89
35.05
107. 37
248.82
72.00
»4 32
6, 718. 82
34.47
100. 67
279. 65
64.12
129.03
7, 175. 06
1, 160. 79
264. 63
42.77
78.54
23.68
15.14
12.96
79.64
66.82
103. 51
12.89
37.04
140.63
1,612.30
1, 129. 04
114.62
' 30. 57
540.81
93.05
26.05
2, 562. 97
117.68
393. 27
317. 04
2.49
44.83
» 14. 79
22.18
21.60
4,974.25
42.53
238.08
422.83
3, 344. 42
212. 77
45. 20
70.16
18.74
18.97
3 13. 62
1,991.15
760.63
37.64
60.80
All ages.
2,583
3,530
1,041
2,664
3,209
7,127
1,799
3,186
778
1,777
4,010
5,657
1,243
2,895
8,005
3,120
2,087
3,037
1,296
4,634
3,618
3,049
3,364
1,066
2,993
3,486
2,371
754
2,021
1,538
1,455
1,077
7,669
1,981
2,295
3,872
777
2,434
6,590
2,382
1,192
4,637
1,600
2,183
2,599
2,743
1,254
4,456
1,171
2,121
1,787
3,441
2,320
491
1,401
3,069
3,468
1,703
5,188
3,178
2,639
2,696
1,383
2,389
334
2,727
1,569
991
12, 765
3,814
714
3,658
8,668
10,244
1,336
8,365
7,091
1,777
10, 628
7,418
2,492
9,868
12,915
6,127
2,034
200, 794
1,759
9,107
13,346
6,023
7,615
75,383
34,562
12,463
3,446
1,424
1,941
1,839
1,672
2,094
11,266
3,916
2,614
6,126
1,887
40,8t22
77,286
6,017
877
29,228
3,191
2,994
67,093
5,790
5,934
17,777
1,247
1,483
4,189
2,944
25, 596
2,080
10,042
17,094
65,981
15, 349
4,650
4,236
3,270
1,718
2,098
8,097
22,367
2,301
1,770
Per cent of
increase.
394. 19
8.05
S31.41
37.31
170. 11
43.74
a 25. 74
162. 55
811.44
162.54
31.01
100. 48
240.86
61.34
96.38
3 2.59
6,611.59
36.72
100.86
268.88
64.74
126. 37
6, 971. 68
1,064.76
257. 51
45.34
88.86
3 3.96
19.57
14.91
94.43
46.77
97.63
13.90
32.39
142.85
1, 577. 16
1,072.78
110. 62
3 26. 43
530.32
99.44
37.15
2, 481. 49
111.08
373. 20
299.03
6.49
35.27
3 17.01
21.74
26.90
6,113.03
48.47
227.21
392. 91
3,187.20
195. 85
46.32
60.52
21.29
24.22
3 12. 18
2, 324. 25
720.20
46.65
78.61
16 years and over.
1790
1900
1,236
1,799
532
1,285
1,652
3,372
885
1,790
390
908
2,138
2,674
589
1,266
3,836
1,597
1,028
1,463
669
2,214
1,662
1,637
1,108
487
1,823
1,623
1,208
395
995
757
723
535
3,677
957
1,110
1,857
407
1,089
2,846
1,215
605
2,650
857
1,046
1,222
1,317
568
2,008
623
1,044
966
1,644
1,169
221
704
1,517
1,816
734
2,409
1,632
1,361
1,341
732
1,215
176
1,287
815
530
Percenter
increase.
7,768
2,280
473
2,124
5,363
6,217
847
5,433
5,814
1,070
7,112
4,488
1,551
5,157
8,062
3,715
1,283
113,327
1,064
5,247
8,088
3,086
4,457
46, 872
23,031
6,728
2,121
1,015
1,183
1,074
1,013
1,271
7,274
2,415
1,568
3,057
1,145
25,769
42,807
3,065
528
19,847
2,008
1,880
42,721
3,385
3,357
10,337
769
1,783
942
2,609
1,900
16,961
1,239
5,961
10,129
30,431
9,235
2,797
2,679
1,980
1,107
1,288
6,004
12,722
1,414
1,037
1 Area covered in 1900 by Virginia and West Virginia. Independent cities are included in county totals for 1790 and 1900.
' Area covered in 1900 by Campbell county, and by part of .Appomattox countv.
3 Decrease.
< Area covered in 1900 by Charlotte county, and by part of .\ppomattox county.
s Area covered in 1900 by Culpeper, Madison, and Rappahannock counties.
6 Area covered in 1900 by Alexandria county, and by part of Fairfax county.
' Area covered in 1900 by Frederick and Clarke counties, and by part of Warren county.
8 Area covered in 1900 by Gloucester and Mathews counties.
9 Area covered in 1900 by Greenbrier, Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Jackson, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, Mingo, Nicholas, Putnam, Raleigh, Roane, Wayne,
and Wyoimng counties, and by parts of Braxton. Calhoun, Gilmer, McDowell, Monroe, Pocahontas, Summers, Webster, Wirt, and Wood counties.
i» Area covered in 1900 by Hampshire and Mineral counties, and by part of Morgan county,
u Area covered in 1900 by I lardy and Grant counties.
12 Area covered in 1900 by Harrison, Doddridge, I>ewis, and Ritchie counties, and by parts of Barbour, Braxton, Calhoun, Gilmer, Marion, Taylor, Upshur, Webster,
Wirt, Wood, aud Pleasants coimties.
GENERAL TABLES.
217
IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE-Continued.
VIRO INI A"— Continued.
MALES— continued.
rEHALES.
^~
Under 16 years.
All ages.
16 years and over.
Under 16 yeara.
1790
1900
Per cent of
Increase.
1790
1900
Per cent of
Increase.
1790
1900
Per cent of
Increase.
17(0
1900
Per cent of
Incraue.
1,347
4,997
270. 97
2,363
13,106
4.54.63
1,225
^ '- 1
•-, ,|
1,138
4,822
32173
13
1,731
1,534
' 11.38
3,464
3,853
11.23 '
1,796
.,
1,668
1,447
• 13.25
13
509
241
' 52. 65
1,1X3
630
•39.60
541
, .-J 'HI
603
208
• 58.57
14
1,379
1,534
11.24
2,535
3,458
36.41
1,315
j,iiii
Ga9i
1,230
1,342
10 00
15
1,557
3,305
112.27
3,149
8,813
179.87
1,633
5,592
242.44
I,S1«
3,221
112.47
IS
3,7.M
4,027
7.24
6,682
10,641
59.25
3,465
6,704
93.48
3,217
3,937
22 38
17
9H
1,39«
489
2,9:r2
' 4fi. 50
110.03
1,778
2,853
1,455
8,566
•18.17 1
200.24
922
1,480
922
5,-i77
856
1,373
533
2.8H9
•37.73
110 42
19
2S3..58
388
1,277
229. 12
778
3,666
371.21
404
2,372
488. .59
374
1,2»4
245.07
ao
869
707
•18.64
1,766
1,799
1.87
916
1,131
23.47
giO
6«8
•21.41
31
1,872
3,418
82.48
3,601
9,937
175.95
1,888
6,. 598
»,! 40
1.733
3,339
92 ««
23
2,983
2,930
• 1.94
5,500
7,656
39.20 :
2,852
4,843
69. Kl
2,648
2,813
A. 23
21
654
941
43.88
1,187
2,547
114.57
616
l,l>46
167. 21
571
eoi
47.79
24
1,629
4,7U
189.20
2,W0
10,137
256.94
1,473
5,702
287.10
1,367
4,435
224.43
2S
4,170
4,8.53
16.38
7,310
13,427
83.68
3,791
8,704
129.60
3,519
4,723
34.21
28
1,523
2,412
58.37
3,105
5,941
91.34
1,610
3.636
12.5 84
1,495
2,305
54.18
27
1,059
751
'29.08
2,053
1,927
•6.14
1,065
1.209
13. .52
988
718
•27.33
28
1,574
87,467
5,456.99
2,639
186,242
6,957.29 :
1,369
102,S11
7,409.93
1,270
83,431
«,4«9.37
20
627
69.5
10.84
1,234
1,643
3a 14 :
640
9.53
4^91
5»4
«90
16.16
10
2,320
3,860
66.38
4,397
8,815
100.48 ;
2,280
5,1.57
126.18
2,117
3,658
7X79
31
1,956
5,2.58
168.81
3,261
12,770
291.60
1,691
7,789
360.62
1,.570
4,981
217.26
33
1,412
1,938
37.25
3,242
4,673
44.14
1,681
2,977
77. in
l,.«il
1,696
&65
33
2,256
3,1.58
39.98
3,192
7,400
131.83
1,655
4.32S
lr.1.51
1,537
3,072
99.87
34
579
29,511
4,996.89
947
71,064
7,404. 12
491
42,931
8,643. .58
456
28,133
6,069.52
3S
1,170
11, .«1
885.56
2,607
35,482
1,261.03
1,352
24,143
1,B.S'>. 72
1,255
11,339
803.51
3t
1,963
5,73.5
192. 15
3,277
12,197
272.20
1.699
r.,K.|i.
:("J. !M
1,.'.78
5,151
239.10
37
1,163
1,325
13.93
2,415
3,387
40.25
l,2-.2
2.i>l.i
la. is
1,UV3
1,344
15.56
38
359
409
13.93
765
1,288
6a37
397
'.til
l.«i.y7
368
2S
1.90
39
1,0'26
758
• 26.12
2,138
2,065
• 3.41
1,109
1,238
11.63
1,029
827
• 19.63
40
781
765
• 2.05
1,585
1,757
10.85
822
1,U37
26.16
763
720
•5.64
"
732
5';9
»9.97
1,438
1,594
10.85
746
1.009
y,. 25
692
585
•15.46
42
542
823
51. 84
1,182
1,964
66.16
613
1.114
81.73
S69
890
49.38
43
3,992
3,982
• 0.25
7,080
11,883
67.84
3,672
7. SIS
113.45
3,408
4,045
1&«9
44
1,021
1,500
46.48
1,899
3,981
109.64
9S.5
2. .561
160.00
914
1,420
55.36
45
1,18.5
1,016
•11.73
2,252
2,519
11.86
1,168
1,527
30.74
1,081
992
•a49
40
2,015
2,069
2.68
3,683
5,227
41.92
1.910
3,156
65. 24
1,773
2,071
16.81
47
370
742
100.54
7.54
1,797
138.33
391
1,0»
168. .54
wy
747
105.79
48
1,315
15,a53
1,019. 18
2,168
37,978
1,651.75
1,124
23,. 557
1,995.82
1.044
14.421
1,281.32
49
3,744
34,479
820.91
5,8(M
75,(>«1
1,192.92
3,010
42,098
1,298.60
2.794
32,943
1,079.06
50
1,167
1,952
67.26
2,331
5,098
118.70
1,209
3,228
167.00
1,122
1,870
M.67
51
587
349
" 40. .54
1,199
783
• 34.70
622
492
• 20.90
577
291
•49. .57
53
1,987
9,381
372. 12
4,291
27.984
M2.13
2,22.5
18.. '42
733.35
2,066
9,442
357.01
S
743
1,183
59.22
1,581
2,950
86.59
820
l.-W)
120. 12
761
1,145
50.46
54
1,137
1,114
• 2.02
2,323
2,686
15.63
1,205
1,617
34. 19
1,118
1,069
■ 4. 38
.55
1,377
24,372
1,069.93
2,308
63,579
2,654.72
1,197
39,961
3,238.43
1,111
23,618
3,025.83
.50
1,426
6Sf>
2,405
2 577
68.65
275 M
2,693
1,124
6,043
5,796
124. 85
41.5.66
1,397
5S3
3.731
3.396
167. 07
4«2..'iO
1,296
.541
2,312
2,400
78.40
343.62
57
.58
2,447
54S
1,077
7,440
478
1,086
204.05
• 12. 77
0.84
4,083
1,115
1,961
17,830
1,096
3,043
336.69
•1.70
55. 18
2,117
578
1,017
10.613
711
1,919
401. 32
23.01
88L69
1,966
537
944
7,217
385
1,124
267.09
•28.31
19.07
59
60
61
822
1,797
1,151
270
697
541
1,.5S0
1,014
9,635
841
• 34. 18
• 12. OS
•9.30
3,468. .52
20.66
1,600
3,303
2,207
441
1,517
1,403
4,051
2,561
21,696
2,079
• 12. 31
22.65
16. M
4,819.73
37.05
830
1,713
1,145
229
787
874
2.603
1.574
12,471
1,176
.5 30
51.96
37.47
5,34.5 8.5
49.43
770
1,.590
1,062
212
730
.529
1,448
9S7
9.225
903
•31.30
•a93
•7.06
4,251.42
23.70
03
63
64
65
6«
1,5.52
1,652
969
2,779
1,546
4,081
6,965
25,. 550
6,114
1,853
162. 95
321. 61
2,536. 73
120.01
19. &5
2,7.56
3,209
1,440
4,791
3,134
9,651
17.815
52.277
15,860
4,S1S
250. IS
4.55. 16
3,5.-t0. 35
231.04
44.06
1,429
1,664
747
2,485
1,«2S
5,895
11,098
27,616
9.869
2.732
312.53
.566. as
3,596.92
297.14
68.12
1.327
1..54'.
693
2,306
1,509
3.7.56
6.717
24. «1
5.991
1,783
18104
334.76
3,4.58. 59
1.59.80
18.16
67
68
60
70
71
1.278
I, IV,
651
1,174
1..557
1,290
611
810
21.83
• 4.80
•6. 14
• 31.01
2,. 5.12
2.769
1.379
2,382
4, .563
3,219
1,.V«
2,023
80.21
16.25
13.71
• 15.07
1.313
1,436
715
1,235
2,984
1,968
9»5
1,216
127.27
37.05
39.16
• 1.54
1.219
1.333
664
1,147
1,.579
1,2.51
S73
807
39.53
• 6.15
• 1170
•29.64
73
73
74
75
1.58
l,-»40
7.54
461
2,093
9,645
8S7
733
1,224.68
.569. 79
17.64
.59.00
333
2,440
1.614
1,124
.5,851
22.102
2.080
1,631
1,657.06
805.82
2a 87
45.11
173
1,26.5
837
583
3,756
12,790
1,.WI
939
2,071.10
911.07
.55 44
CI. 06
160
1,175
777
&41
2.095
9,312
779
.92
1,209.38
602 51
028
27.91
78
77
78
79
>» .\rca covored in IJXX) by ricnry and Patrick counties.
» .\rea covered in V.m l>y Loudoun county, and h\; rmrt ot Fairfax <•<;""'>:•.,„„ „„ . x.vlnr ro.intlM
« ^S 'ZZi IS '^ U ^^^i^^Z^iZh^^O^:^:^^:^^:^. Sr^-L^an^Srythe count.«. and by part, o,C™.g. McDoweU.M-™. Smytiw
Summers, and Taiewell eomuies^.^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ y^^, ^^^^^ ^^ ^.^^ ^„„U„ „d by part of Plea»nt. county.
'ocahontas. Preston. Upshur, and Webster counties.
" Area covered in 1900 I .
'« Area covered in 19<I0 liy Oranee and Greene counties,
w Area covered in 1
*• Area covored in 1
'■ Area covered in l!«in l>y Randolph i..... r, . , i-.„;.„ ~„,r,t,.
- 17^ ZZi i'n" l^^lS^^ltl^^'^^^^^^^r^^S^^^ P-U. or UcDowel.. Scott. «.d TaseweU oounU-.
1 1900 l>y Pendleton county, and by part of Ilichland «'""'5^- „„,_
I 1900 bv Prince Edward county, ani by part of Apponuittoi county,
1 I'lon bV Randolph and Tucker counties, and by parts ol Barliour. i
218
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 107.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED
NORTH CAROLINA.
=
COUNTY.
BOTH SEXES.
UALES.
All ages.
16 years and over.
1790
1900
Per cent of
increase.
1790
1900
Per cent of
increase.
1790
1900
Per cent of
increase.
1
The state
289,181
1,261,603
336.96
147,825
632,155
327. 64
70,172
356,589
408.16
?
Eden ton district
33,568
56,455
68.18
17,058
28,678
68.12
8,405
16,865
100.65
3
6,963
2,954
2,360
4,002
3,076
3,269
3,790
3,519
3,635
28, H2
8,717
3,283
4,406
6,409
5,609
6,895
6,630
5,088
10,418
112,522
25.19
11.14
86.69
60.14
82.35
80 33
74.93
44.59
186.60
300.26
3,621
1,479
1,189
2,042
1,662
1,637
1,986
1,805
1,837
14,436
4,440
1,690
2,221
3,302
2,826
2,964
3,396
2,657
5,283
55,863
26.10
14.27
86.80
61.70
80.86
81.06
71.00
41.66
187.59
287. 00
1,719
725
638
1,018
790
813
951
884
867
7,111
2,610
959
1,302
1,940
1,773
1,750
2,000
1,466
3,065
31,816
51.83
32.28
104. 08
90.57
124. 43
115. 25
110.30
65.84
253. 52
347.42
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
Fayette district
4,365
6,467
3,487
4,415
4,533
4,845
37,955
20,092
26,810
16,773
13,801
19,577
16,469
83,827
360.30
314. 67
362. 34
212. 59
331.88
239. 92
120.86
2,218
3,413
1,816
2,301
2,270
2,418
19,345
10,122
13,198
7,766
6,802
9,806
8,170
42,694
356. 36
286.70
327. 82
195.61
331.98
237.88
120. 70
1,035
1,852
850
1,096
1,132
1,146
9,215
5,496
7,561
4,604
3,992
5,567
4,696
24,965
431.01
308. 26
429.88
264. 23
391. 78
309.77
170.92
15
18
19
Halifax district
'*0
7,028
4,764
7.170
4,085
6,189
6,120
4,599
45,820
16,904
12,678
11,060
8,056
18,887
9,031
7,211
148,918
140. 52
166. 12
54.25
97.21
263.98
76.39
56. 79 .
226. 01
3,541
2,457
3,699
2,077
2,568
2,618
2,385
23,840
8,576
6,466
5,649
4,170
9,653
4,663
3,618
73,863
142.19
163.13
52.72
100.77
275.90
74.29
51.70
209.83
1,663
1,076
1,873
1,067
1,134
1,335
1,067
10,937
5,087
3,751
3,469
2,353
5,542
2,681
2,082
43,183
206.89
248.61
85.21
120. 52
388.71
100.82
95.13
294.83
Franklin w
**?
Martin ^
'1
Nash "
'>fi
Warren 12
07
niUsborouctt district
Caswell 13
?s
7,288
7,593
6,504
10,055
6,834
7,546
30,687
16,491
15,573
17,176
43,693
24,660
31,525
373,248
126.28
106. 10
164. 08
333. 55
259. 38
317.77
1,116.31
3,911
3,929
3,454
5,142
3,642
3,862
15,726
8,311
7,763
8,499
21,463
12,119
15,708
185,717
112.50
97.58
146. 06
317.41
242. 15
300. 73
1,080.96
1,801
1,761
1,581
2,433
1,590
1,771
0,953
4,679
4,432
4,917
12,697
6,803
9,655
99,651
159. 80
151.68
211.01
421.87
327. 86
445 17
1,333.21
?9
Chatham ^
in
•^^
n
Wake '»
14
Morgan district
Burke 1'
Ti
7,497
8,391
7,197
7,602
38,800
134,633
56,081
124,212
68,322
127,391
1,695 82
508.35
1,626.89
667.19
228.33
3,813
4,350
3,695
3,868
19,471
67,212
27,427
62,193
28,885
64,610
1,662.71
530. 51
1,683.17
646. 77
231. 83
1,706
2,057
1,576
1,615
9,595
36,120
14,955
33,438
16,138
37,510
2,018.48
627.03
2,021.70
837.34
290.93
16
Lincoln i'.
17
Rutherford li*
IS
Wilkes^
11
An
3,655
2,932
6,474
4,936
3,024
4,298
3,071
5,881
4,529
58,425
16,002
9,297
14,472
16,852
6,132
26,678
4,466
15,397
19,095
286,716
337. 81
217.09
123.54
241. 41
102. 78
497. 44
45.42
161.81
321. 62
390. 74
1,834
1,427
3,248
2,457
1,500
2,217
1,630
2,969
2,283
29,936
8,138
4,689
7,259
8,551
3,176
12,951
2,301
7,926
9,620
143,234
343.73
228. 59
123. 49
248. 03
110.89
484. 17
50.39
166. 92
321.38
378. 48
910
718
1,710
1,164
792
1,040
736
1,461
1,064
14,003
4,816
2,841
4,342
6,000
1,828
7,213
1,344
4,600
6,526
80,790
429.23
295.68
163.92
329. 65
130. 81
593.56
82.61
214.85
419.36
476.95
4)
Carteret ^
4''
Craven ^
41
Dobbs '<
44
Hyde^
4'i
Johnston ■'" . .
«i
47
Pitt'
4S
Wayne"
49
Guilford '
fin
6,657
4,559
9,685
4,191
5,088
14,129
7,633
6,483
15,814
27,969
26,608
67,009
23,936
21,644
63,3S0
40,866
35,604
74,526
320. 14
481. 44
488.63
471. 13
323. 43
277. 80
4.15 39
447. 66
371. 27
3,422
2,336
4,927
2,162
2,699
7,227
3,968
3,294
8,015
13,993
12,966
28,678
12,032
10,902
26,557
20,506
17,701
37,490
308. 91
455. 01
480. 03
456. 63
319. 47
267. 47
416. 78
437.37
367. 82
1,615
1,118
2,364
942
1,188
3,399
1,846
1,531
3,963
8,439
7,260
16,324
6,226
6,106
15,104
11,625
9,707
21,809
422.64
549.37
690. 52
660.83
413.97
344.37
S29.74
534.03
451.71
M
Iredell^
fi?
■il
Montgomery 30
.'i4
SI
m
Stokes ^
'il
Surry 3s
ss
Wllmingtnn distri'-t
Bladen«
59
3,356
1,550
4,274
3,032
3,596
21,891
10,612
13.877
19,916
8,330
562. 29
575 58
224. 68
556.86
131. 66
1,671
778
2,222
1,636
1,808
10,930
5,337
6,982
9,907
4,340
554. 10
585. 99
214. 22
544. 99
140. 04
837
380
1,035
834
867
6,084
2,992
4,036
6,200
2,497
626.88
687.37
289. 96
643. 41
188.00
fin
fii
Duplin '
fi''
New Hanover**
fii
Onslow 1
1 Area covered in
2 Decrease.
« Area covered in
< .\rea covered in
' Area covered in
« Area covered in
' Area covered In
« Area covered in
» Area covered in
1" Area covered in
^1 Area covered in
12 Area covered in
13 Area covered in
^* Area covered in
1^ Area covered in
IS Area covered in
»' -\rea covered in
Alexander counties.
18 Area covered in
1900 coextensive with that of 1790.
1900 by Currituck coimty, and by part of Dare county.
1900 by Tyrrell and Washington counties, and by part of Dare county.
1900 by Anson county, and by part of Union county.
19U0 by Harnett county, and by part of Cumberland county.
1900 by Richmond and Scotland counties.
1900 by Sampson county, with the exception of a small section.
1900 by Edgecombe county, and by part of Wilson county.
1900 by part of Franklin county.
1900 by K'asli county, and by part of Wilson county.
1900 by Warren county, and by part of Vance county.
1900 by Caswell and Person counties.
1900 by Granville county, and by parts of Vance and Franklin counties.
1900 by I )r3nge and Alamance counties, and by part of Durham county
1900 by Wake county, and by part of Durham countv.
1900 by Burke, Madison, Yancey, and Mitchell counties, and by parts of McDowell, Haywood, Swam, Buncombe, Caldwell, Watauga, and
1900 by Lincoln, Gaston, and Catawba counties, and by part of Cleveland county.
GENERAL TABLES.
m 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900. WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE-Continued.
KORTH CAROIiINA.
219
HALES— continued.
'
miAUES.
Under IG yoars.
All ages.
16 yoon and over.
Under 16 ymn.
\1V<)
1900
Percent of
Increase.
1790
1900
Per cent of
Increase.
17(0
1900
Per cent of
Inonaae.
17W
IfOO
Perontof
looreu*.
77,653
275,566
254.87
141,356
631,448
346.71
69,007
366,471
430.00
73, J»
364, on
aaa.86
8,653
11,813
36.52
16,510
27,777
68.24
8,067
10,314
103.23
8,441
u,4n
3s.n
1,802
754
551
1,024
772
824
1,035
921
970
1,830
731
919
1,362
1,052
1,214
1,396
1,091
2,218
1.55
>3.05
66.79
33.01
36.27
47.33
34.88
18.46
128.66
3,442
1,475
1,171
1,960
1,614
1,632
1,804
1,714
1,798
4,277
1,693
2,186
3,107
2,784
2,931
3,234
2.631
5,135
24.26
8.00
86.59
68.52
83.88
79.60
79.27
47.67
186.60
1,682
721
872
958
740
797
881
837
879
2,SS«
•31
1,313
1,764
1,660
1,740
1,964
1.444
2,959
82.14
29.13
129.85
84.13
122.97
118.32
121.79
72.52
236.63
1,700
764
899
1,002
774
835
823
877
919
1,718
ea>
«72
1,343
1,134
1,191
1,280
1,067
2,176
•3. 39
•12.30
48.88
34.03
46.81
42 63
38.68
23.96
136.78
7,324
24,047
228.33
13,677
56,659
314.26
6,683
33,108
395.41
6,9B4
23,881
238.73
1,183
4,626
291.04
2,147
9,970
364.37
1,049
8,871
431.08
1,098
4,399
300 64
261.11
3,054
13,612
345.71
1,492
8,032
438 34
1,662
8,880
257.23
237.93
1,672
8,008
378.95
817
4,699
475. 16
888
3,309
287 02
1,205
2,810
133.20
2,114
6,999
231.08
1,033
4,179
304.55
1,081
2,820
160 87
4, 239
272.60
2,263
9,771
331.77
1,106
5,800
424.41
1,187
3,»7I
243 22
1,272
3,474
173. 11
2,427
8,299
241.94
1,186
4,827
307.00
1,241
3,472
179.77
10,130
17,729
75.01
18,610
41,133
121.03
9,093
24,876
170.27
9,617
16, 887
73. «7
1,878
3,489
85.78
3,487
8,328
138.83
1,704
6,010
194.01
1,783
3,318
86.09
2,714
96.62
2,307
6,213
169.31
1,127
3,712
229.37
1,180
2,801
111.96
1,826
2,180
19.39
3,471
6,411
55.89
1,696
3,303
94.76
1,778
2,108
18.76
1,010
1,817
79.90
2,008
3,886
93.53
981
2,308
134.96
1,027
1,881
83.94
1,434
4,111
186.68
2,621
9,234
2,'J2. 31
1,281
6,346
317.25
1,340
3,888
190.22
1,283
1,882
46.69
2,602
4,468
78.58
1,222
2,697
120.70
1,280
1,771
38.36
1,318
1,536
16.54
2,214
3,693
62.29
1,082
2,204
103.70
1,132
1,38«
22.70
12,903
30,680
137. 77
21,980
75,055
241.47
10,739
45,604
323.73
11,241
29,861
162.89
2,110
3,632
72.13
3,377
8,180
142.23
1,660
4,794
190.55
1,727
3,386
98.06
2,168
3,331
53.64
3,664
7,810
113. 16
1,790
4,683
161.62
1,874
3,127
66.86
1,873
3,582
91.24
3,050
8,677
184.49
1,490
5,164
246.58
1,5«0
3,813
128.19
2,709
8,766
223.59
4,913
22,130
360.44
2,401
13,606
466.92
2,812
8,824
239.20
1,952
5,316
172 34
3,292
12, 441
277.92
1,608
7,384
359.20
1,684
8,087
200.30
2,091
6,053
189.48
3,684
15,817
329.34
1,800
9,873
448.50
1,884
8,944
218.50
8,773
80,066
881.03
14,961
187,531
1,153.47
7,310
104,101
1,324.09
7,651
83,430
990.48
2,108
31,092
1,374.95
3,684
67,421
1,730.10
1,800
37,408
1,978.22
1,884
30,013
1,493.06
2,293
12, 472
443.92
4,041
28,654
609.08
1,975
16,242
722.80
2,066
12, 412
60a48
2,119
28,755
1,257.01
3,502
62,019
1,670.96
1,711
34,148
1,896.62
1,791
27,874
1,466 34
2,253
13,747
510. 16
3,734
29,437
688.36
1,824
16,306
793.97
1,910
13,131
887.49
9,876
27, 100
174.40
19,329
62,781
224.80
9,444
36,784
289.50
9,885
25,997
162.99
924
3,322
259. 52
1,821
7,864
331.85
890
4,663
422.81
931
3,211
244.90
709
1,848
160.65
1,505
4,608
206.18
738
2,780
278.23
770
1,828
137.40
1,538
2,917
89.66
3,226
7,213
123.59
1,876
4,292
172. 34
1,660
2,021
77 03
1,293
3,651
174.63
2,479
8,301
234.85
1,211
4,878
302.56
1,288
3,42«
170. 19
714
1,348
88.80
1,518
2,966
94.73
742
1,700
129.11
776
I.2S6
61.86
1,177
5,738
387.61
2,081
12,727
511.58
1,017
7,249
612. 78
1,064
8,478
414.88
794
957
20.53
1,541
2,166
40.49
753
1,270
68.66
788
806
13.68
1,508
3,325
120.49
2,912
7,472
156.59
1,423
4,426
211.03
1,489
3,046
104. S7
1,219
4,094
235.85
2,24«
9,476
321.86
1,097
5,839
404.92
1,149
3,936
242.86
15,932
62, 444
291.94
28,490
143,482
403.62
13,920
84,077
804 00
14,570
69,406
307.73
1,807
6,554
207.36
3,235
13,976
332.02
1,6«1
8,711
460.98
1.654
6,266
2ia32
1,218
5,705
368.39
2,223
13,543
509.22
1,086
8,aS7
641.90
1,137
6,486
383.80
2,563
12,254
378.11
4,768
28, 431
497.84
2,325
16,678
617.33
2,433
11,783
383.07
1,220
5,807
376.98
2,029
11,904
486.69
991
6,486
851.46
1,038
8,448
424.86
1.411
4,796
239.90
2,489
10,642
327.66
1,216
6,136
404.61
1,273
4,606
383 97
3,828
11,453
199.19
6,902
26,823
288.63
3,372
18,901
371.86
3,830
10,923
209.41
2,122
8,881
318. 52
3,665
20,360
455.53
1,791
11,969
668.29
1,874
8,391
347.78
1,763
7,994
353.43
3,189
17,803
458.26
1,888
10,169
882.70
1,631
7,«34
388.08
4,062
16,687
286.19
7,799
37,030
374.80
3,811
22,007
477.46
3,988
18,023
376. n
S34
4,846
481.06
1,685
10,961
650.50
823
e,.^!
668.04
862
4,640
438.28
398
2,345
2 946
489.20
778
5,175
865.17
380
2,919
668.16
3«8
2,286
466.83
1 187
148.19
2,052
6,895
236.01
1,003
4,084
304 19
1,049
2.841
170.83
702
3,707
428.06
1,496
10,009
669.05
731
6,385
773 46
765
3,624
378. 7S
941
1,843
95.86
1,788
3,990
123.15
874
2,328
1C6.36
914
1,663
81 84
• parts of .\lleitbany, Watauga, Alexander, and Caldwell countle*.
['amllco county.
" .\rea covered in 1900 by Cherokee, Graham, Macon, Jackson, Transylvania, Henderson, Polk, Rutherford, and (lay eountliw, and by parts of Swain, Cleveland.
Buncombe, HavwootJ, and McDowell counties.
» .Vrea covered in VMm by Ashe and Wilkes counties, and by i
" .Vrea covered in \'M)0 by Deautort county, and by part of Pa
" Areacovered in I'.KK) by partofCarUTeteounty. . „ _. . .,„
o Area covered in lliOO by Craven CDUnty. and by parts of Pamlico and Carteret counties.
« .\rea covered In 1900 by Lenoir and ti'reene counties.
•Area covered In 1900 by II vde count v. and by part of Dare county.
» Area covered In 19(X) by Johnston counlv, and by part of Wilson county.
» Areacoveredln 1900 bv Wayne county, and by part of Wli.wn county.
« Area covered in I'KK) by IredeU county, and by part of AlP.xander county. „„„„„
"Area covered in VMM by Mecklenburg and Cabarrus counlie.s, and by part of Union county.
••Areacoveredln liXWbv MontgomeryandStanlycountlis. ,, „, v„„„,h ~.,.n.«
•' Area covered in I'.KW by Davie, Rowan, and Davidson counties, and by part of Fors) th county.
" Area covered In l'.«K) by Stokes county, and by part of ^orsyth «o""'>',- . „„^^„„,_
•• Areacovereii in l'.«in bv Yadkin and Surry counties, and by part of ;^''«'>any county
X Area covered in vm by Bladen countv. and by parts of Cumberland and Columbus counties.
«» Area covered in l!«l<) bv nmnswick county, and by P'lrt "' ' "'•'"'.''"^'^""".'V. mT,«,n .v,nnlv
»• Area covered In 1900 by New IJ anover and Pender counties, and by part of bampson county.
220
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 107.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND AGE, OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES REPORTED
SOUTH CAROLINA.
~~
COUNTY.
BOTH SEXES.
MALES.
All ages.
16
years and over
1790
1900
Per cent of
increase.
1790
1900
Per cent of
increase.
1790
1900
Per cent of
increase.
1
The state
140, 178
557,807
297.93
73,298
281, 147
283.57
35,576
161,778
354.74
4,364
29.242
15.402
7,418
8,878
62,462
12,412
11,585
96, 707
50,266
41,990
58.833
233,589
64,837
165.47
230. 71
226. 36
406. 06
562. 68
273.97
422.37
2,321
15.635
8,237
3,772
4,823
32, 138
6,372
6.018
48.564
24.901
21.072
29.898
117.871
32. 823
159.28
210.61
202. 31
458. 64
619. 90
266. 77
415. 11
1,266
6,941
5,060
1,779
2,356
14, 973
3,201
3,596
28, 469
15,489
12,058
16,537
66, 371
. 19,258
184.04
310. 16
206.11
577.80
601.91
343.27
501. 62
t\
Kj
rheraw district * ....
g
Ninety-six district «
GEORGIA.
1
The state
52,886
297,007
461.60
27, 147
149,721
451.52
13, 103
87,122
564.90
o
Burke ^
7,064
221
2,456
1,674
8.S5
193
4,020
1,303
7,162
3,856
24,052
12, 792
5,933
31,414
9,601
76,394
9,118
10,346
9,972
27, 981
69,470
33,986
81.09
2,584.60
1,179.07
473. 54
8.532.09
4,624.35
157. 36
665.31
290. 69
1,701.61
41.30
3,649
125
1,326
963
468
106
2,138
690
3,819
1,971
11,892
6,586
3, 103
15,981
4,904
38,010
4,751
5,091
5.170
13,556
35. ,540
17,029
80.49
2,382.40
1,105.20
409 24
8,021.79
4,382.08
138.12
649.27
254.96
1,703.14
43.20
1,808
81
846
627
225
70
1,027
426
1,894
947
5,152
3,771
1,668
10,910
2.777
21,048
2,833
3,061
2,888
8,904
19, 396
9,866
108. 57
1,959.26
1,189.60
342.90
9,254.67
3,947.14
198.05
577.93
370. 12
1,948.15
91.50
•^
^i
Effingham 11 .
5
FranMin ^
7
Glyn"
R
Liberty '^
in
Richmond i^ . .
n
1''
Wilks i»
KENTUCKY.
1
The state
61,133
1,862,309
2,946.32
32,211
948,048
2,843.24
15,154
565,705
3,633.04
•>
6,929
14,626
3,857
5,446
5,035
2,500
5,745
10,032
6,963
159,832
41,930
243,250
642,753
73,882
283,613
26,591
237,517
152,941
2,206.71
186.68
6,206.72
11,702.30
1,367.37
11,244.52
362. 85
2,267.59
2,096.48
3,6S0
7,598
2,098
2,816
2,652
1,365
3,003
5,303
3,696
82,368
21,283
120,984
329,217
37,820
144,316
13,450
121,167
77,443
2, 138. 26
180. 11
5,666.63
11,590.94
1,326.09
10,472.60
347. 89
2,184.88
1,995.32
1,645
3,517
1,057
1,375
1,231
694
1,460
2,508
1,767
45,901
14,337
80,827
192,089
20,087
82,877
8,329
71,472
49,786
2,690.33
307. 65
7,546.83
13,870.11
1,531.76
13,852.36
470. 48
2,749.76
2,717.54
T
4
Jefferson^
6
7
Mason « . .
R
q
in
Woodford^'
I Area covered in 1900 by Beaufort and Hampton coimties.
' Area covered in 1900 by Ciiester, Clarendon, Fairfield. Kersliaw, Lancaster, Richland, Sumter, and Yorlc counties, and by part of Florence county.
' Area covered in 1900 by Charleston, Colleton, and Dorchester counties, and by part of Berkeley county.
* Area covered in 1900 by Chesterfield, Darlington, and Marlboro counties, and "by part of Florence county.
s Area covered in 1900 by Georgetown. Horry, Marion, and Williamsburg counties, and by parts of Florence and Berkeley counties.
• Area covered in 1900 by Abbeville, Anderson. Cherokee, Edgefleid, Greenville, Greenwood, Laurens, Newberrj', Oconee, Pickens, Saluda, Spartanburg, and Union
counties, and by part of Aiken county.
^ Area covered in 1900 by Bamberg. Barnwell. Lexington, and Orangeburg counties, and by part of Aiken county.
8 Area covered in 1900 by Burke coimty, and by parts of Jefferson and Screven counties.
» Area covered in 1900 by Camden and "Charlton counties, and by part of Wayne county,
w Area covered in 1900 by Chatham countv, and h\ part of Brvan county.
" Area covered in 1900 by Effingham county, and 'by part of S"creven county.
"Area covered in 1900 by Franklin. Banks, Jackson, Hart, and Elbert counties, and bv parts of Oconee, Clarke, and Madison counties.
"Area covered in 1900 by Glynn county, and by part of Wayne county.
» Area covered in 1900 by pai-ts of Greene. Hancock, Oconee, Ogletliorpe. Taliaferro, and Baldwin counties.
» Area covered in 1900 by Libertv and Mclntosli counties, and by part of Tattnall county,
w Area covered in 1900 by Richmond county, and l.ty part of Jefferson county.
" Area covered in 1900 by Washington, Bulloch, Emanuel, and Jolmson counties, and by parts of Baldwin, Bryan, Hancock, Jeflerson, Laurens, Montgomerv, and Tatt-
nall counties, • j • , , & j ,
GENERAL TABLES.
IN 1790, COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE SAME AREA IN 1900. WITH PER CENT OF INCREASR-Conti^ued.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
221
MALES— continued.
nuxuu.
=
Under 16 years.
All ages.
10 years and over.
Under 16 jtmn.
1790
lurui Per cent of
'"" Increase.
t
1790
1900
Per cent of
Increase.
1790
1900
Per cent of
Increaae.
ino 1 1900
Per cent of
locTMao.
37,722
119,309 1 216.44
60,880
276,660
313.07
.31,440
102,973
418.36
36,440 ; 113,887
1.083 ! 2,297
7,210 19,201
3,797 9,072
l.Wf.' 8,576
2,H'J 12,011
10,"<A 4«,SV7
3,201 12,«rj
2X179
1
1,055
8,694
3,177
1,993
2,407
17,165
3,171
2,422
20,095
9,412
9,014
13,361
51,500
13,565
129.57
131.14
1%.25
352.28
441.59
200.03
327.78
2,043
13,607
7,165
3,646
4,055
30,324
6,040
5,867
48,143
25,365
20,918
28,935
115,718
32,014
172. 49
253.81
254.01
473.72
613 50
281.61
430.08
900
0,397
3,308
1,714
1,906
14,250
2,839
3,270
2X, W>2
10, -JM
12, .(42
lo,:f.M
IH,,821
1<J,(H1
240.63
351.49
.^S3. 70
020. 07
7Mi, 45
W.S. 7.',
670.09
112.10
107. 14
i.%as
343.80
486.83
304.29
306.28
m
GEORGIA.
14,044
62,599
345.73
; 25,739
147,286
472.23
11,711
86,277
630.72
14,028
61,000
334.91
1
1,841
44
480
336
243
36
2,815
1.435
5.071
2,127
16,902
1,918
52.91
3,161.36
956.46
533.04
6,880.25
5,227.78
3,415
96
1,130
711
417
87
6,206
2,830
15,433
4,697
38,384
4,367
81.79
2,»<7.92
1,265.75
560.62
9,104.80
4,919.54
1,554
44
514
323
190
39
3.600
1.505
10.277
2,050
21,091
2,537
129.05
3,320.45
1.S99. 42
717.90
11.310.32
6,242.50
1,861
52
616
388
227
48
2.046
1.324
6.156
2,047
16,093
1,830
42.18
2,448.08
737.01
428.94
7,253.74
3,793.62
2
3
4
6
0
7
1,111
2.03O
82.72
1,882
5,255
179.22
856
Q oo^
277.10
1,020
2,027
2,223
97. 50
565. .'.7
157.35
1,410.81
3.47
8
9
10
11
12
204
2,282
704.39
613
4,802
683.36
279
•;•,
824. .17
334
1.925
4,052
lll.fiO
3,343
14,425
ail. 50
1,521
1, ; ;,,
540.11
1,822
1,024
6,740
10,144
7,103
1,470.56
6.28
1,885
12,160
33,930
16,957
1,700.00
39.45
858
5,533
1.S.414
10,100
2,010.15
82.54
1,027
6.627
15,510
0,857
KENTUCKY.
17,057
3S2.343
2, 141. .56
28.922
914,261
3,061.13 '•
12,630
645,038
4,213.37
16,286
369,223
2, 167. 12
1
2,0.15
4,081
1,041
1,441
1,421
771
1,543
2,795
1,929
30, 467
0,940
40, 1.57
137, 12S
17,733
61,4.19
5, 121
49, 09.5
27,057
1,691.99
70.20
3,757.54
9,410.17
1,147.92
7,868.74
231.89
1,078.00
1,333.75
3,249
7,028
1,759
2, MO
2,383
1,135
2,742
4,729
3,267
77,464
20,647
122,206
313,536
36,062
139,297
13,141
110.350
75,498
2,284.24
193 78 i
6,850.88
11, 821.. 52
1,413 30
12,172.86
379.25 1
2,360.35
2,21093
1.419
3,071
709
1,149
1,041
496
1,198
2,066
1,427
42, .599
13, 940
82, 479
182.002
19,061
79,924
8,206
68,546
48,275
2,902.04
.154.12
10,025.49
15,740.03
1,731.03
16,013 71
584.97
3,217.81
3,282.97
1,830
3.957
990
1,481
1,342
f.39
1.544
2,063
1,840
34,865
6,701
39,787
131,. 534
17,001
.59,373
4,S35
47.804
27,223
1,806.19
69.35
3,918.89
8,781.43
1,166.84
9, I9I.&5
219. G2
1,005.12
1.379.61
2
3
4
S
a
7
8
9
10
>" Area covered in 1900 by Wilkes, Columbia, Glascock, Lincoln, McDufflc, and Warren counties, and by parts ol Clarke, Oroene, Uadlson. Oclotliorpe, and Taliaferro
counties.
w Area covered in 1000 by Bonrlion, Montgomery, Bath, Letcher, rowell, Wolfe, Menifee, and Knott counties, and by parts of Clark, Harrison, Pendleton, Floyd.
Nicholas, Estill, liarlan, rerrv, IMke, Morgan, Breathitt, Mai^oiTm, I^ee, and I>eslte counties.
» Area covered in 1900 l)v Fayette and Jes,sainine counties, and by yiart of Clark county.
"Area covered in 1900 by Shelby. Henry, Oldham. Trimble, and Jefferson ooimtie.s, and by parts of Franklin, Bullitt. Spencer, Carroll, an. I .\n'IiT.<)n roimilfs.
"Area covered In l'.KH)b.v Lincoln, Ijogan, l*ul;iski. Christian, Warren. Cumlwrland. .MnhlenlKfrp. Barren, Knox, Wa\nie. (*asev. Llvliu' '
Allen, Whitley. Simpson, Todd, Monroe, 'lYipg, Hickman, Calloway. Graves. McCracken. Laurel. Uussell. t^linton, Crittenden. .Xlarshall. i
Webster, and'Carlislecnuntics. and hypartsofGreen, <-larrard. Henderson, .\dair, Clay. ltockc;Lsi!e, Butler. Hart. Edmon.son. Uoyle. T:r.
" Area covered iu 1900 by Madison, Owsley, and Jackson counties, and by parts of Garrard, Clay, Kstill, Itockcastle, Perry, Breathitt, L-x-, L«j..-i(;, liurlau, aiid bell
counties.
»* Area covered in 1900 by Mason, Bracken. FIcminc Greenup. Lewis, Lawrence, Carter, Johnson, Rowan, Boyd, Elliott, Martin, Robertson, and Campbell countlei,
and by parts of Floyd. Nicholas, Pike, Morgan, MagolTm. Pendleton, and Harrison counties.
"Area covered in 19(X) by Mercer county, and by parts of Franklin, .\ndorson. Garrard, and Boyle counties.
"Area covered in 1900 by Nelson. WasninRton, Hardin, Ohio. Ureckinridce, Grayson. Davle.ss. Meade, Hancock, Marlon, and Larue counties, and by parts of Qfeeo,
Bullitt. Butler, llart, Snencer. Edmonson, Anderson. McLean. Taylor, Adair, and Henderson counties.
" Area covered Iu 1900 by Woodford, Scott, Boone, Grant, Gallatin, Owen, and Kenton counties, and by parts of Harrison, Franklin, CacroU, and Pendleton countiek.
222
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 108.-WHITE AND COLORED POPULATION OF THE AREA COVERED BY THE ENUMERATION
STATE OE TEERITORT.
POPULATION IN 1790.
POPULATION IN 1820.
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Free.'
Slave.
Total.
Free.
Slave.
1
United States
3,929,625
3,172,444
757, 181
69,557
697, 624
2 9,638,453
7, 862, 166
1,771,656
233,634
1,538,022
2
Area enumerated in 1790
3,929,625
1,009,206
3,172,444
767,181
59,667
697, 624
18,293.869
6, 733, 497
1,556,591
214,873
1,341,718
3
New England
992, 384
16,822
13,059
3,763
1,660,071
1,638,652
20,927
20, 782
146
i\
96, 643
141,899
85,341
378,556
69, 112
237,055
1,017,087
96, 107
141, 112
85,072
373, 187
64,670
232, 236
954,003
536
787
269
5,369
4,442
5,419
63,084
536
630
269
5,369
3,484
2,771
17, 874
298,335
244, 161
235,981
523,287
83,059
275,248
2,772,694
297, 340
243,236
235,063
516,419
79,413
267, 181
2,662,629
929
786
903
6,740
3,602
7,967
107,264
929
786
903
6,740
3,654
7,870
84,899
1
157
7
K
958
2,648
45,210
48
97
22, 365
q
10
Middle States
11
340,241
184, 139
433,611
59,096
1,903,332
314, 366
169,964
423, 373
46,310
1,226,067
25,875
14,185
10,238
12, 786
677,275
4,682
2,762
6,531
3,899
28,624
21,193
11,423
3,707
8,887
648,651
1,372,812
277,575
1,049,458
72,749
3,861,204
1,332,744
267,409
1,017,094
55,282
2,432,316
39,367
20,017
30, 413
17,467
1,428,400
29,279
12,460
30,202
12, 958
109,192
10,088
7,557
211
4,509
1,319,208
12
1.1
14
15
Southern states
16
17
Maryland and District of Columbia. . .
Virginia and West Virginia
319,728
747,610
395,005
249,073
82,548
73, 677
35,691
208, 649
442,117
289, 181
140, 178
52,886
61, 133
31,913
111,079
305, 493
105,824
108, 895
29,662
12,544
3,778
8,043
12,866
5,041
1,801
398
114
361
103,036
292, 627
100,783
107,094
29,264
12,430
3,417
M40,389
61,065,366
638,829
502, 741
226,739
564,317
422,823
6 1,344,584
282, 837
603,085
419,200
237, 440
115,183
434, 644
339, 927
1,128,669
157,552
462, 031
219,629
265, 301
111,552
129,491
82,844
215,065
43,778
36,883
14, 712
6,826
1,497
2,759
2,737
18,761
113,774
425, 148
204,917
258,475
110,055
126, 732
80, 107
196, 304
18
19
South Carolina .
?n
21
22
23
Added to area of enumeration since 1790
24
Added to area of enumeration, 1790 to 1820.
6 1,344,584
1, 128, 669
215,065
18,701
196,304
Ohio
?.')
581,434
147, 178
55,211
7,452
1,444
127,901
75,448
153,407
14,273
66,586
114,250
676,572
146,768
63,788
7,295
1.296
85,451
42,176
73,383
12,579
,55,988
74.. 383
4,723
1,420
1,374
26
148
42,460
33,272
79,540
1,676
10,569
39.867
4,723
1,230
457
26
148
571
468
10, 476
59
347
266
26
190
917
27
28
29
30
41,879
32, 814
69,064
1,617
10,222
39, 601
31
32
,33
Arkansas .. .
.34
.3.5
Georgia (western part)
36
Added to area of enumeration, 1820 to 1850.
,37
38
Iowa
39
Florida
41)
Texas
41
New Mexico
42
43
Utah
44
Washington
45
Oregon
m
47
Added to area of enumeration, 1850 to 1880.
/ North Dakota.. .
}
49
Nebraska
50
Kansas
61
Montana
52
Idaho
1
63
Wyoming
I
54
Colorado
55
Nevada
66
Alaska
67
Added to area of enumeration since 1880. .
Indian Territory
5S
59
Oklahoma
60
Hawaii
1
61
Persons stationed abroad
1
' Reported as " all otherfree persons."
' Includes 4,631 persons reported as " all other persons except Indians not taxed."
= Includes only Indians taxed; no Federal enumeration in 1880 of Indians not taxed.
* Includes 3,781 persons reported as "all other persons except Indians not taxed."
GENERAL TABLES.
OF 1790, AND OF THE ADDED AREA IN 1820, 1850, 1880, AND 1900, BY STATES AND TERRITORIER
223
POPULATION IN 1850.
ropuL&noK n urn.
i-.-Tti.Aii',.-^ I.n I'JUO.
—
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
White.
Colond.
Total.
Wblla.
Colontd.
Total.
Free.
Slave.
Total.
Negro.
Indian
and Mon-
golian.
Total.
Netn.
Indian
and Mon-
golian.
23,191,876
19,553,068
3,638,808
434,495
3,204,313
50,189,209
43,403,400
u, 785,809
0,580,793
•205,016
76,303,387
e6,«»0,788
9.312.VI9
8.840,780
471.810
1
H.569,.;>I4
12,365,444
2,204,14!)
361,570
1,842,. 570
23,925, 6:i9
20,082,783
3,242,856
3,236,661
0,192
33,553,6111 29,564,821 .'•5e,8M
31.045
2
2,728,116
2,705,095
23,021
23,021
4,010,529
3,908,789
41,740
39,925
1,815
5,592,017
5,527,0^6 , b4,Ml | W.OVB
6,803
S
583,169
317,976
314,120
994,514
147,545
370,792
5,990,267
3,097,394
4S9,5'i5
2,311,7S0 '
91,532
5,851,201
581,813
317,456
313,402
985,450
143,875
363,099
5,843,163
1,356
520
718
9,064
3,670
7,693
147,104
1,356
520
718
9,064
3,670
7,693
144,578
648,936
346,991
332,286
1,783,085
276,531
622,700
10,643,486
646,8.52
346,229
331,218
1,763,782
269,939
610,769
10,425,215
2,084
762
1,068
19,303
6,592
11,931
218,271
1,451
68.5
1,057
18,097
6,488
11,547
216,934
633
77
11
60C
104
384
2,337
8«4,46«
41l,.5H>l
343,641
2,805,346
428,456
908,420
15,639,413
031
136
44
3.608
414
770
17.056
410,791
342,771
2,769,764
419,050
892 424
797 662
K70 826
35,582 , 31,074
0.506 1 9.092
tK dOA IE 40A
4
2,526
15,264,839 374,574 aS«,61g
10
3,048, SI'S
465,509
2,258,160
71,169
3,817,186
49,069
24,046
.53,626
20,.-J63
2,034,015
49,069
23,810
53,626
18,073
193,971
S,0S2,871
1.131,116
4,282,891
146,608
9,271,624
5,016,022
1.092.017
4.197,016
120,160
6,288,779
66,849
39,099
85,875
28,448
2,982,845
66,104
38,8.53
85,535
26,442
2,980,805
1,745
246
340
6
2,040
7,268,894
1,883,609
6,302,115
184,r35
12,322,200
7,156,881 1 112,013 W,2a2
1,812,317 1 71,352 60,844
6.141,664 ; 100,451 156,845
153,977 30,758 , 30,60?
8,772,S5« 3,549,244 {3,541,147
12,78!
1.508
3.606
61
8.007
236
' "2,'296
1,840,044
12
13
14
U
634,721
1,421,661
869,039
668,507
272,151
982, 405 1
1,002,717
8,622,292
455,884
894,800
553,028
274,563
120,662
761,413
756,836
7,187,624
178,837
526,861
316,011
393,944
1.-. 1,489
2J0,992
245,881
1,434,668
84,782
54, ac!
27,463
8,960
2,000
10,011
6,422
72,925
94.055
472. .528
288,548
384, 9S4
149,489
210,981
239,459
1,361,743
1,112,567
2,131,022
l,»l«,750
995,577
441,1^9
l,MH,rmi
1,542,359
26,263.570
842,699
1,473,395
867,242
391,105
198,328
1,. 377,179
1,138,831
22,720,617
269.868
657, m7
532,508
604,472
24:1,331
271,511
403,528
3,542,9.53
2«),S20
657,. 502
.531,277
604,332
243,21-,
271,451
403,151
3,344,129
42
125
1,231
140
65
60
377
198,824
1,466,762
2,8I2,9^4
1,893,810
1,340,316
640, .538
2,147,174
2,020,616
42,749,7.57
1,143,956
2,10S,0»8
l,2ia,603
5.57,807
297,0rJ7
l,8ii2,.109
1,540,186
37,425,967
322.-
704
630, .
782,5C'J
343,. 531
284,865
480,430
5.323,790
7>_:,x:i
341. 421
2K4,7O0
480,243
4,883,925
IbS
110
1.50
187
430,805
16
17
18
10
30
21
23
23
7,945,146
6,610,891 |1, 334,255
70,009
1,264,246
18,612,142
3,198,062
1.97,S,301
3,077,871
1,6.36,937
1.315,497
1,262,, 505
1,131.597
939,946
802,523
2.108.380
1.100,521
5,685,176
15,841,519
2,770,623
2,755,230
15,393
26,741,195
22,8'^,727 3,88.5,468 |3.863,06.5
22,403
24
1,980,329
988,416
851,470
397,654
305,391
771,623
006,526
517,762
209,897
682,044
634,034
677,146
1,955,050
977,154
846,034
395,071
304,756
426,614
295,718
2.55,491
162,189
592,004
400,910
576,733
25,279
11,262
5,436
2,583
635
345,109
310,808
2r.2,271
47,708
90,040
233,124
100,413
25.279
11,262
5,436
2,583
635
2,265
930
17,462
608
2,618
931
2,916
3.117,9'20
1,9:18,798
3,W1,151
1,614,5««
1,309.618
662, 185
479.398
4.54,954
.591, .531
2,022,826
618,678
5,015,085
80,142
39,503
46,720
22,377
5,879
600,320
&52, 199
484,992
210,994
145,554
481.943
670,091
79,900
39,228
46,308
15,100
2,702
600,103
650,291
; 483,6,5.5
2la,(K6
, 14.5,350
481,867
539,386
242
275
3,52
7,277
3,177
217
1,90S
1,337
328
204
76
130,705
4, 157,. 545
2,516,412
4,821,5.'-,0
2.420,9^2
2,0l-,9,042
1,V>,WI7
1,551,270
1,381,625
1,311,564
3,106,6«5
1,575,793
10,572,181
4,0(0,204
2.4.-J4..502
4.7.14,873
1 2,398,.563
2,057,911
1,001,1.52
641,200
729,612
944,580
2,944,843
884,287
9,518,893
97,341
57,960
86,677
22,419
11,131
827,545
910.070
652,013
366,084
161,822
601,506
1,053,288
96,001
67,505
85,078
15,816
2,542
827,307
007,630
650,804
366,856
161,234
601, 3«S
887,808
440
455
1,599
6.603
8.580
238
2,440
1,209
12»
588
114
166,390
2S
36
V
78
79
342,844
309,878
244,809
47,100
87,422
232,193
97,497
30
31
32
33
34
35
38
6,077
192,214
87,445
212,592
61,381
166
'11,380
1,201
12,093
92,597
6,038
191,881
47,203
154,034
61,359
166
11,330
1,049
12,038
91,635
39
333
40,242
58,558
22
39
333
932
397
22
780,773
1,624,615
2li9,493
1,. 591, 749
119,565
40,440
143,963
75,116
' 174,768
864,694
1,966,252
776,884
1,614.600
142,605
1,197,237
108,721
15,160
142,423
67,199
163.075
767,181
: 1,864,013
3,889
10,015
126,888
394,512
10,844
5,280
1,540
7,917
11,693
97,513
102,239
1,564
9,516
126,600
393,384
1,015
155
232
325
487
6,018
49,513
2,325
499
198
1,128
9,829
5,12.5
1,.308
7,592
11,206
91,495
62,726
1,751,394
2,231,8.53
528,542
3,048,710
195,310
122,931
276,749
518,103
413,536
1,485,053
4,400,770
1,737,036 1 14,358
2,218,667 1 13,186
4,050
12,603
230,730
620,722
1,610
1,848
672
2,514
1,106
11,046
70,651
0,390
403
470
1,319
13,493
28,I8U
3,612
19,285
17,840
71,281
100,075
37
3i
39,310
58,161
297,333
2,426,669
180,207
92,903
272,465
496,304
394,582
1,402,727
1 4,230,044
231,209
622,041
15,103
30,028
4,284
21, nM
18,054
82,326
170,726
39
48
41
42
50
152
5.5
962
24
152
; 55
962
26
43
44
45
46
47
1
135,177
452,402
996,096
39,159
32,610
20,789
' 194,327
'62,266
33,426
133,147
449,764
I 9.52, 155
j 35,385
29,013
2,030
2,638
43,941
3,774
3,597
401
2,385
43,107
346
53
298
2,435
488
1,629
253
834
3,428
3,544
1,054
766
8,222
32,9««
720,716
1,066,300
1,470,495
243,329
161,772
92,531
539,700
42,335
63, sm
1,035,611
' 602,426
' 1,056,526
1,416,319
226,283
154,495
89,051
629,046
35,405
30,493
g21,303
28,290
0,774
54,176
17,046
7,277
3,480
10,654
6,030
33,000
214,308
751
6,360
52,003
1,523
203
940
8,570
, 134
168
62,311
27,530
3,505
2,173
15,. 523
6,9)>4
2,540
2,084
6,70A
32,031
151,007
4»
t
49
:::::::::::i::::::::::
'
19,437 1,352
191,126 1 3,201
53,. 556
430
8,710
32,996
S7
aas.oao
3W,33I
1M,001
91. nt
302,680
387,524
««,8»0
84,300
80,380
30,807
87,111
7,010
36,853
18,831
233
1 6.394
63,527
11,076
86,878
616
a
at
80
61
!
' Aletanclrla county, which In 1820 formed part o( the District of roliimbla. Is hero Included with Virginia for comparative purposes.
' KCrfo?mfh7r?"„';^Tn;«0°ma; i^cmd^ '^"X^^S^t^i SXSU. of Colon«lo and Nevada, but a, th. .«ntor, wa. not r^.ported br n„n„r ..v.,
divisions, the (acts can not be ascertained.
224
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 109.-FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED BY NUMBER OF MEMBERS, BY COUNTIES: 1790.
Total
number
of
families.
NUMBER OF MEMBEES.
COFNTT.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
H or over.
United States
410,636
15,353
31,979
48,116
56,616
57,171
54,052
46,172
36,932
26,687
17,356
20,203
Haine
17,009
1,109
1,115
1,978
2,201
2,223
2,175
1,886
1,531
1,129
784
878
4,218
1,794
5,324
663
5,110
24,065
144
194
541
112
118
814
264
116
329
27
379
1,502
449
234
584
67
644
2,669
636
204
671
62
729
3,282
566
253
614
62
739
3,392
552
196
649
79
699
3,109
477
186
569
41
613
2,855
443
143
449
31
465
2,301
304
119
370
37
299
1,732
224
68
262
21
219
1,131
271
296
206
New Hampshire
1,278
4,796
2,463
5,330
7,398
4,078
14,992
48
270
84
249
163
505
275
163
321
508
235
1,060
662
265
542
850
460
1,734
670
330
671
1,021
590
2,146
677
319
711
1,088
597
2,139
646
274
734
922
533
2,040
605
275
676
842
457
1,781
480
199
567
669
386
1,400
363
145
396
528
300
895
233
101
298
335
164
638
237
122
330
386
203
Vermont
654
1,157
1,997
1,380
1,889
2,794
3,042
2,733
65,779
6
32
104
57
77
176
54
1,393
96
137
95
147
233
172
180
5,754
166
209
176
225
332
303
323
7,990
169
247
199
281
413
423
414
8,999
178
279
204
273
409
414
382
9,224
170
266
185
248
392
382
397
8,709
137
246
131
223
327
387
330
7,490
105
191
136
170
226
320
252
5,971
57
146
63
108
168
180
173
4,380
46
120
43
68
114
138
109
2,791
28
124
44
89
103
147
119
3,078
2,889
4,899
6,541
658
10,883
9,617
7,580
872
5,173
8,038
9,729
11,296
23
27
78
9
362
104
112
27
100
248
303
231
243
327
447
42
1,248
661
757
HI
474
808
736
865
387
499
720
77
1,527
912
991
152
624
1,089
1,012
1,387
402
650
773
78
1,599
1,182
1,062
116
739
1,182
1,216
1,523
407
674
797
66
1,583
1,278
1,108
121
760
1,142
1,289
1,472
340
679
804
75
1,342
1,385
1,014
90
685
1,080
1,215
1,661
351
620
640
63
1,081
1,267
832
81
573
835
1,147
1,221
287
506
493
54
794
1,114
626
67
457
570
1,003
1,028
201
381
318
52
674
795
474
44
337
432
772
810
119
261
210
19
360
506
284
30
214
287
501
510
129
275
Bristol
261
24
413
513
Middlesex
320
33
plvmouth
210
Suffolk
365
Worcester
535
698
567
1,387
2,448
4,016
2,878
40,876
18
11
69
63
70
1,082
64
71
251
294
185
3,268
80
164
313
488
342
4,670
67
185
364
540
367
5,706
74
189
307
532
370
5,790
79
176
335
544
417
5,663
62
164
226
441
328
4,711
44
128
201
363
292
3,748
47
106
151
314
192
2,654
13
80
92
192
133
1,688
19
113
Newport
139
245
182
1,896
Fairfield
6,412
6,582
6,563
3,282
6,012
6,686
2,139
4,200
54,878
116
102
199
72
444
116
18
15
1,123
643
537
431
297
640
525
127
168
3,909
783
763
664
394
807
712
221
326
6,560
998
920
847
490
855
841
278
477
7,945
992
944
957
435
849
812
291
510
8,197
910
948
974
447
738
762
314
570
7,466
733
756
796
366
643
575
283
559
6,330
563
649
667
287
440
457
215
490
4,918
372
441
467
193
286
354
155
386
3,565
202
257
284
148
174
246
112
265
2,233
210
265
287
Middlesex
153
New Haven
136
Tolland
125
New York
2 642
12,317
374
4,276
6,717
546
4,906
6,037
204
2,890
2,548
566
2,858
4,354
2,488
3,797
73,874
199
67
72
47
9
176
176
5
25
143
7
86
47
40
25
2,546
711
42
268
305
50
328
813
35
151
181
61
327
214
192
251
5,807
1,433
60
456
661
67
541
1,023
28
319
301
83
412
427
303
466
8,592
1,793
54
60S
845
81
704
1,022
34
391
369
102
446
607
356
633
9,971
1,819
54
680
955
90
717
908
20
450
395
86
432
716
418
557
10,191
1,758
41
566
875
72
690
679
21
425
368
75
412
602
346
537
9,745
1,497
25
533
819
61
537
516
17
374
301
67
288
536
291
468
8,365
1,166
19
403
714
48
453
376
17
264
211
48
208
426
219
347
6,736
837
9
333
542
26
319
211
11
217
123
24
125
354
146
278
4,857
518
7
210
400
20
214
132
9
129
71
14
67
214
85
143
3,207
586
257
22
New Yorli city and county
182
Ontario
7
14S
85
9
56
211
93
192
3,857
Suffolk
Washington
1,844
2,232
5,244
4,180
4,435
3,017
3,248
1,724
2,388
2,528
1,268
6,980
867
119
53
79
145
118
80
112
167
219
59
44
66
3
160
135
493
282
320
210
243
134
156
198
81
426
78
202
282
636
442
467
332
382
201
290
260
136
710
110
256
306
685
539
560
405
491
239
300
315
178
852
138
264
334
760
591
653
418
489
231
318
355
167
851
113
227
272
702
569
646
392
460
200
268
332
158
859
119
196
260
635
492
632
376
348
171
262
301
147
709
107
172
214
463
402
430
295
311
123
218
234
124
537
76
122
166
361
284
349
205
178
86
147
189
108
381
62
70
116
223
184
234
132
136
81
106
121
63
268
35
66
115
237
260
336
172
98
92
105
164
62
332
Bucks
Chester
Cumberland
Dauphin
Delaware
Franklin
Luzerne
p
GENERAL TABLES. 225
Table 109.-FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED BY NUMBER OF MEMBERS, BY COUNTIES: 179a-ConUnued.
Pennsylvania— Continued.
Mifflin
Montgomery
Northampton
Nortbuinoerland
Philadelphia...
Washington
Westmoreland .
York
Maryland .
Allegany '
.\nn- Arundel
Baltimore
Baltimore town and precincts.
Calvert '
Caroline
CecU
Charles
Dorchester.
Frederick..
Harford
Kent
Montgomery...
Prince Georges.
Queen Anns . . .
St. Marys...
Somersett i..
Talbot
Washington.
Worcester. . .
North Carolina.
Edenton district
Fayette district
Halifax district
UiUsborough district .
Morgan district
Newbern district
Salisbury district
Wilmington district.
South Carolina.
Beaufort district
Camden district
Charleston district
Cheraw district
Georgetown district...
Ninetj-six district
Orangeburgh district.
Total
number
or
bmllles.
1,2S9
3,803
4,091
2,946
9,504
3,944
2,813
6,559
33,294
2,122
3,497
1,727
1,352
1,906
2,029
654
4,377
2,039
1.299
2,077
1,820
1,579
1,527
1,425
2,445
1,419
48,701
6,829
5,403
7,033
3,721
5,120
7,596
9,977
3,022
25,872
962
5,074
3,709
1,344
1,837
10, 578
2,368
NUHDCB or KXMBBBS.
41
143
40
127
429
44
83
376
1,687
116
105
50
61
188
216
43
118
127
69
102
82
100
55
149
52
3,519
529
630
212
117
634
472
163
1,344
107
177
509
45
135
283
88
268
344
217
927
206
246
605
2,696
176
253
182
108
157
182
60
167
132
197
153
122
lis
134
378
522
324
1,333
405
346
700
3,890
200
394
251
117
201
72
561
451
507
252
373
652
681
277
2,249
113
338
562
110
191
739
196
158
232
236
93
419
258
160
245
230
175
206
151
274
148
5,483
840
612
749
359
946
1,003
376
3,163
135
527
583
159
243
166
465
567
382
1,343
554
380
852
4,619
142
480
573
1,317
616
367
4,588
305
501
288
214
239
263
90
543
279
184
272
265
211
225
213
277
250
6,482
9«3
725
831
432
677
1,108
1,285
461
3,741
153
701
609
207
288
1,427
356
274
442
259
219
228
252
109
582
256
191
264
246
239
218
232
342
235
982
680
933
465
667
1,031
1,270
463
3.464
428
184
278
,423
345
182
667
537
378
1,162
582
372
861
4,204
233
464
184
174
244
244
229
ins
259
232
221
188
280
245
6.083
843
628
441
644
9C5
1,275
392
3,307
HI
768
346
183
217
,357
325
166
458
904
483
811
734
3,640
134
378
390
323
659
I9«
277
590
3,837
228
388
1S3
122
196
207
66
513
244
137
222
186
179
179
173
273
167
S,162
634
577
748
431
555
774
1,154
2,731
620
245
142
188
1,198
259
154
309
109
121
144
173
45
439
1S6
162
136
114
253
123
4.328
S03
463
647
492
eos
992
229
2.146
43
489
172
107
118
1,022
195
105
376
355
315
491
303
194
401
1,953
too
72
75
104
109
38
323
113
65
131
120
86
8t
75
145
3,134
327
334
438
295
412
396
776
156
40
339
102
86
91
807
124
W
80
170
196
U3
sao
170
130
371
1,320
68
1S4
61
to
80
61
15
246
80
43
109
66
67
46
122
26
217
1B3
306
206
369
225
521
101
24
211
61
««
46
519
83
Uc
61
230
219
13*
619
lat
98
2»
1,M6
221
214
119
80
94
87
23
336
107
71
120
78
53
49
61
129
3S
2.229
197
213
347
233
316
260
548
115
20
236
92
65
42
606
79
> Schedules destroyed.
226 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 110 -FOREIGN BORN POPULATION OF CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, AND OF THE AREA COVERED BY
lABLE no. ru ^^^ ENUMERATION OF 1790, BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH: 1850 TO 1900.
■
CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES.
ABEA COVEEED BY THE
ENUMERATION OF 1790.
COUNTRY OF BIRTH.
1900
1890 <
1880
1870
1860
1850
1900
1890'
1880
1870
1860
1860
All foreign countries —
nO,356,M4
9,249,547
6,679,943
5,567,229
> 4,138,697
3 2,244,602
5,022,989
4,153,155
3,065,088
2,765,197
'2,264,121
3 1,466,806
North America
1,314,152
1,083,239
802,664
547,770
285,022
166,941
672,492
505,999
356,521
261,235
137,487
104,092
. fEnelish*
785,958
395,297
107,311
25,586
8,884,846
678, 442
302,496
79,045
23,256
8,020,608
\ 717,157
69,106
16,401
5,744,311
493,464
42,736
11,570
4,936,618
249,970
27,699
7,353
3,805,701
147,711
13,458
5,772
« 2,031,867
I 352,510
\ 305,963
3,040
10,979
4,310,037
267,021
229,662
1,325
7,991
3,623,023
} 348,117
812
7,592
2,686,125
254,727
505
6,003
2,495,974
132,866
394
4,227
2,120,729
100,338
canadaii^s, :::::.
Mexico and Central Amer-
359
3,395
« 1,333,156
Cubaand West Indies^ ..
Europe
United Kingdom
2,788,304
3,122,911
2,772,169
2,626,241
2,199,079
1,340,812
1,799,596
1,961,182
1,742,284
1,707,038
1,491,960
1,024,214
1,618,567
842,078
233,977
93,682
2,670,031
1,064,309
1,871,509
909,092
242,231
100,079
2,787,776
933,249
1,854,571
664,160
170,136
83,302
1,979,578
440,262
1,855,827
565,046
140,835
74,533
1,696,335
241,685
1,611,304
433,494
108,518
45,763
1,276,075
72,582
961,719
278,675
70,550
29,868
583,774
18,075
1,162,931
458,537
127,989
50,139
987,160
180,409
1,307,005
472,695
127,670
53,812
1,016,013
122,165
1,278,184
334,760
87,237
42,103
730,020
41,601
1,300,187
292, 139
74,. 345
40,367
664,128
16,712
1,171,279
234,759
61,515
24,407
540,208
6,616
779,547
England (including
Great Britain, not
179,079
47,767
Wales
17,821
German Empire '
Scandinavian comitries. . .
270,433
2,956
573,040
336,985
154,284
579,042
478,041
322,665
132,543
303,812
194,337
181,729
64,196
135,550
97,332
114,246
30,107
74,534
18,625
43,995
9,962
25,061
3,559
12,678
1,838
946
135,719
22,472
22,218
309,910
89,540
16,726
15,899
126,147
30,106
4,095
7,400
29,970
11,134
1,836
3,742
12,762
3,357
1,011
2,248
4,569
1,427
686
943
Austria-Hungary
354
276,249
156,991
145,802
484,207
480,907
154,424
150,232
58,503
20,351
115,851
105,049
104,341
37,690
123,271
118,106
62,435
182,580
182,644
147,440
1W,069
81,828
113,174
22,181
38,603
85,361
11,526
5 44,535
35,722
48,557
88,621
58,090
106,971
13,426
30,508
40,289
3,737
8 17,212
4,644
14,436
75,153
46,802
116,402
8,383
« 25,061
i» 11,677
3,IfiO
7,298
53,327
28,281
109,870
8,360
8 946
i» 3,679
1,414
("1
13,358
9,848
54,069
4,387
I 175,588
{ 25,411
I 108,911
362,768
309,270
r 3!), 288
1 39,492
1 114,001
I 10,855
34,910
22,264
45,710
19,968
64,131
14,028
46,988
124,602
99,527
59,497
28,807
18,240
44,701
7,488
11,415
12,075
6,480
•25,116
7,953
18,967
25,582
15,534
40,066
4,484
7,329
4,088
1,345
9 6,896
2,315
6,230
19,993
12,001
41,763
3,096
4,569
(•)
354
m
Italy
10 4,608
1,598
3,359
14,389
8,651
39,325
3,392
» 1,823
Russia (including Fin-
land)
973
Russian
(")
Not specified
Switzer and
3,938
4,014
France '.
21,834
Spain and Portugal
1,818
Portugal-..
30,618
7,072
29,804
9,933
8,564
17,304
120,862
15,996
6,185
22,639
1,839
1.S87
12,579
113,383
8,138
»5,288
15,535
1,205
77P
3,314
107,630
4,542
"3,841
12,553
302
390
1,546
64,565
4,116
4,244
9,072
128
328
1,403
36,796
1,274
3,113
1,313
106
86
(13)
1,135
17,337
2,631
8,617
6,932
4,892
13,995
24,700
4,804
2,684
6,093
1,183
747
7,631
9,965
2,208
12 2,276
2,693
526
251
1,078
3,473
1,493
"1,603
1,966
197
147
730
1,258
1,990
1,402
1,416
92
111
435
725
861
957
712
47
Greece..
40
Europe, not specified
Asia
(13)
261
China
81,827
25,077
2,050
11,908
8,900
106,688
2,292
2,143
2,260
9,353
104,468
401
1,707
1,054
6,859
63,042
73
586
864
4,028
35,. 565
1,231
2,140
758
377
588
15,546
( 683
{ 937
I 7,534
2,397
7,303
437
1,040
1,185
2,425
2,078
145
992
258
1,739
419
34
354
451
861
175
57
India
Asia, not specified
.550
437
204
196
Sandwich Islands (Ha-
waii)
1,304
8,049
5,006
2,207
10,218
5,533
1,147
5,712
4,566
2,204
7,641
4,068
584
3,444
3,565
2,657
5,388
2,638
435
1,705
3,263
526
»5,249
588
(13)
1,543
551
»41,977
202
2,223
2,123
1,024
6,767
1,829
397
1,342
1,764
818
3,027
1,621
135
726
1,081
1,007
2,796
985
199
238
798
315
» 3,630
196
All other"
8,900
4,761
2,552
12,342
8,229
2,397
2,274
1,306
6,919
2,864
m
546
Africa
311
All other countries, and un-
» 28, 245
• Exclusive of Indian Territory and Indian reservations.
3 Including (15,368) persons stationed abroad, in the military or naval service of the United States.
• Corrected total, as given in Ninth Census Report on Population, Table iv.
< Includes Newfoundland.
' I'orto Rico included from 1,S.50 to 1890.
• Total for specified countries only.
' Lu-^cniburg Included from l.S7(i'to 1900, because probably reported as a Cterman state in 1S50 and 1860.
« Reported as Austria; but Hungary did not have a separate government until 1867, and Bohemia not until later.
» Including Malta, which was reported separately in 1870 and 1880.
" Including Sardinia, which was reported separately in 1850 and 1860.
u .Mot reported separately; either divided between Russia, Germany, and Austria, or included in "all other countries."
" Including Gibraltar, which was reported separately in 1870 and 1880.
13 Included in "all other countries."
u I'hilippine Islands, Guam, and Samoa included from 1860 to 1890.
>' Balance required to produce corrected totals given in Nmth Census Report on Population, Table iv.
GENERAL T.VBLES.
227
Table lll.-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS; 1790.
Aaron, Ahron, Aran, Aron, Arons
Abbe, Abba, Abbay, Abbee, Abbev, Abby, Aby
Abbot, Abl)ert, Abbet, Abbett, Abbit, Abbitt, Abbott, Abet, Ablt, Abitta, Allot, Abii'lV
Abell, Abbell,Abeal,Abeel,Aliel, Abels, Alile
A'wmatby, Abanatha, Abbinalha, Abenatha, Abennathy, Abematha, Abernathey, Abernelbie
Abinathy, Ebenathy '
Abrams, Abraham, Abrahams. Abraim, Abranue
Acker, Acre, Acres, Aiker, .\ker, Akers, Akus ',','.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..
Ackerman, Ackman, .\oreman, .\kemon, ,\kerman, Akkermao "!!!!!!!!!!!
Ackerson, Acason, Ackuson, Akerson ',[',','..
Ackley,.\cerly,Acheley, Acherly, Achley, Ackcrly, Ackly, .\cley, Akeley, Akely......"!!!.!!.!
Adair, Adear
Adams, Adam, Adamcs, Addam, Addams, Adenis, Adorn
Addison, .\dderson, Addlsson, AdersoD, Adison, Atterson, Attison
AKnew, Agner, Alchnor, .\igner
Alnsworth, .^inesworth. Anesworth, Answorlh, .\ynesworth, Aynswortb
Akin, Aiken, Alkens, Aikln, Aikins, Aking, Akins
Albaugh, Ailabaueh. Alabagh, Albo, Albough, Alebough, Allebough, Alllbou^, Alsbsugh,
Alsbaiih, .\ulabaiigh
Albe, Albee. .Vltey, .\lble. Albree, Alby. AUbee
Albert. Allierd, Albiirt, Alleburt, Allebut
Albert-ion, Altwrson ,
Albright. Albrijht. Alhrite, Allbright, Allbrite, AUrigbt, Alprighl
Albro. Alboro. Alhorrow, Alsbro
Alcock, .\lcockp. .\licock, Allcock, AUscock
Alden, Aldln. Allden
Alderman. .Vldeman
Aldrtch. Alderidge, Aldrideh, Aldridg, Aldridge, Aldrige, Aldrish, Aledridge, Alridge, Altridge,
Auldridge
Alexander, Alexandor. .\lexandr>', Alixander, Alixandrew, Alleckrander, Allexander, Eleck-
andrew. Elexander, Elixander
AKord . A 11 ford
Alger. .Mgier. Algire. .\lgniar, Alguire, Algur, Aulgur
Allard. Alhurd. Allod. Allord
Allen, Alan. Alean, Alen, Aient, Alin, .\llan, Alland, AUein, Allien, Allin, Alllne, Alliu, Alloc,
AUyn, Allyne
Alley, Ally.
Ailing, .\alin
Allis. .\lice. .Mies. Allice
Allison. Aieson. .^ILsen, Alison. Allason. Alleson, .\lleston. Allisen, Allisson, Alliston
Allman, Aldman, Allmand, AUmond, Alman, Almon, Almond
Almev, A Imy
Aired. Aldrod. AUrcd
Alsobrook, Allbrooks, Allsobrook, Alsbrook
Alsop, A l.siip
Alston, Allston, AUstone
Alvord , .\ I vanl. Alvcrd
Aman, Aniandt, Amend. Ament, Ammon, .Ymmond, Ammonds, Ammons, Amond, AmoDS, Ar-
man, Arniant. Arment. Arraon, Arraond, .\nnount
Amason, Amazeen, Amcrson, Ameson, Araoson
Ambler, Ambly
Ambrose. Ambros, Ambrous, Ambiow, Ambrus, Ambnise
Ames, Aamcs, Aims • -
Amroidown, Amadown, Amedown, Amesdown, Amidown, Ammedoun, Ammedown, Amml-
don, Ammidoun
Amos, Amas, Amies, Amis, Amoss, Amiis, Amyst
Amsbiirj-, .\ Imsbury , Amcsbury , Amsberry, Armbcrry , Armsberry, Annsbury
Amsden, A rmden
Anders. Andes, Andis
Anderson, A ndersen, Andersons, Andresen, Andrson
Andrews, Andre, Andrces, Andrew, Andrw, Andrws
Andrus. Andras, Andres, Andress, Andries, Andris, .\ndros, Androse, Androsa, Andruss
Angel, .Vngell. .\ngill. .\ngle
Annis. .Vnnas. Annes. .\nnies, Anors
Anthonv, .\nthoney. .<ntoney, Antony ••
Appleby. Abbleby, Apleby, Appelbe, Appelby, Applabe, Applebee, Appyby
Appleton.
Archibald. Archabaid. Archabeld, Arehbald, Arehbiil, .\rchboid, Archeb'', Arcbebald .
Armer. .\rmor, .-Vrmour ■
Annistead. Almsted. Armestead, Armisted, Armstad. Armstead
Amiitage. .^rmetig, Annetrage, Asmitge, Armittage, Annontage, Aimontiage
Arras, .\rraes
Armstrong.
Arnold. Amal, Amald. Amauld, .-Vmel. Amell, Amild. Amol. Arnolds, Amull
AmoHt. Amat. Amatt. Amaught. Amet, Amctt, .\mot, Amott
Arrington. .\rington. Arranton • ■
Arthur, Arther, Arthers, Arthurs, Aurthcrs, Anther, Author
Ash. .\sh(i
Ashby. ,\shlx>o
Ashcralt , Ashcrolt
Ashlev, .\shly
Ash ton
Askew, Askuc, Askyou, Asc^ue
Askins, -\skon. Askens, Askm, Askrin -,;•-• — ••■.:,- • ; * ' ■.* '«-ii
Aspinwall. Arspinwell, Aspanell, Aspenvall, Aspenwall, AspenweU, AspenwiU, AspinweU
Astin, Asten. .\stins. Aston, Astons - ■■ • • • • - i',»WJ^,;' Vt/.'hiniAn'
Atchison. Acheson, Achison, Aitchason, Altcheson, Atchason, Atcherson, Atcheaon. Atchlnson,
Aychlnson
Atherton, A therten, Autherton ■ - • ,• • • ;
Atkerson. .\dkerson. Adk.-tton. Atcason, Atkertson. Atkeson, AtkUon
Atkins. .Vdkin. .\dkins. Aitken, Aitkens, Aitkin, Atkens. Atkin. Altkia.
Atkinson, Adidnson, Aitkinson, Atkenson
Attwater, Atwater
5.3
6.2
S.7
S.3
8.1
5.4
5.9
5.8
5.3
6.S
9.7
5.8
S.I
«.0
6.7
5.3
5.8
54
5.6
5.3
4.5
6.0
5 0
8.0
5.8
57
58
6.3
6.1
6.6
5.7
4.8 1
5.3
&0
5.5
5.2
6.6
6.5
5.9
5.7
5.0
6.1
6.0
4.8
5 2
4.8
5.6
5.9
6.5
5.3
57
5.6
5.5
6.6
5.3
5.9
6.8
6.5
5.4
&3
6.5
5.8
5.3
6.5
6.2
6.8
6.4
5.9
4.7
5.5
5.1
5.5
6.4
7.1
6.1
5.3
5.3
5.5
6.3
5.8
S.0
ai
S. II
5.0
6.4
19
59
380
99
38
75
65
42
24
87
19
1,246
28
24
35
132
22
42
40
61
68
28
34
81
23
231
408
SO
S9
16
,563
48
47
33
17,5
40
29
17
18
18
33
41
46
27
28
28
156
29
45
19
21
20
726
593
147
106
31
129
36
36
106
29
24
37
18
30
311
483
25
41
52
65
33
17
115
S3
44
37
18
36
36
51
26
22.')
142
74
82
308
1,799
426
195
331
319
201
103
426
106
5,712
116
119
163
668
ice
186
185
221
201
139
136
405
110
,092
266
300
90
7,331
184
200
165
787
168
161
94
89
85
133
206
229
103
117
107
722
141
248
82
91
,262
,711
631
516
150
576
157
189
481
139
102
166
93
175
.387
,381
92
186
214
294
177
103
SS4
227
190
167
95
174
HKUM or riimnEa.
180
359
118 '...
,036 , 7
W9 8
322 ....
24
10
21
22
57
83
17
...10
1
16
4 I 25
34 104
.. M)
50 . 5
1 '....
32 ....
166
10
30
3
6
1
2 3 ; S
61 167 I 68
64 69 i 25
6 ; 8
6 2
1 1
23 20
12 3
10
10
7
4 3
10 12
21 > 13
1 I...,
16 13
33 |1I8
9 14
9
26
10
IS
II
4 1
8 6
49 33
23 I 39
,...1 1
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
228
„,Tn,TT M »MT.Q T^FPRFSENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
T.B..XU.-NOMENCLATURE^DE^.UNG^W^^^^^^
Atwell, Attwell, Atwall, AtwiU ■■.■■.'.'".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'-'
Atwood, Adwood, Attwood . • ■ • • ■
i;ifd"Al>nun'lw: A?r^r/.rii.^e"iTlt,;AityAlt.;-A^^^ Awl, Awld, AwU.
i^ritt \™"'t.lve^tt, AveretfAverett, Averit, Averite, Avert. A vret
ir/rr tlrTM^f^xie: -AireV, Aiis,- Ayer/Ayere,- A^i Ayres; Ayi^VEyers, Eyre, Eyres, Eyrs.
Aylswo'rth, Aihvorth, Aylesworth
labbettM^ bS; BabWtt; Babet. Babit^ ^^
Bahcock. Baheok. Babecock
bS-^T BaS'?' B'lccuV.Bacbus: Backeus, Backhause,- Backhouse,- Backhus, Backis, Backuss,
Bnrkus. Beckas, Beck-us, Boccus
Bacon, Bacom. Bacorn, Bakon, Bakoon y.W.'.WV.'.'.'.V.'.'.'.'.
Badcock -.
Badger, Bad"or, Badjo.....
Baee. Bas. Bar?e, Baess. Bags
Baeeet, Bascrtt, Bapgot, Baggott
Bagley, BacBeslT. Bagly. Bagsley, Begley ;;;;
^t: l^^^'^a^l'^: ISS.^ne,^S^,Bains;Ban^-Bines;Bayan, Bayhan. Bayne,
BS?a,Tayard,BayerdVBiardVByard, Byart, Byord :::::::::::;:::::::.:
Baker ..\..\..\\[.l.......
Balcom,'Balcam,"iBalcoinb; Bkicome; BklkW, BolcVmVBolcom
llldwS Mdl^'Sn^laldon; Baidwinei Baidwing;Balwin;^
wine, Bawldcn, Bawldin, Boldwin
Ball.Bal. Baul •
Bancroft. Bancraft.
Bangs. Bang, Bange. Banges
Banister. Bannester. Bannister
Binker Bancker. Baneker, Bankard. Bankart ........
Bank"'Bancke, Banckes, Bancks, Bank, Bankes, Benckes, Benkes.
Bartier. Barbar, Barbour
Barden.Tardeen'. Bard'in.' Bardine, Barding, Bardon
Bard well, Boardwell. Bodwell. Bordwell
Barfield, Barefleld. Bearfield. Bierfield
Barham, Barrom, Berham, Borham
BarkW; BarckreyV Barclay,' Barcley I Barciy, BaVkeYay.'Barklay, Berckley, Berkeley, Berkley,
Berki V, Burkley ; ■ v; ■ •; " ' j ',' " "V," Z ' j'li
Barksdale. Backsdale, BarkdoU, Barkesdale, BarksdiU
Blmwd'^Barnerd ' BafnerrtsV Barnhard,' Banihart; Barnheart; Barnird; Bearnhart, Bernard,
Berner'd. Bernhard, Bornhart, Bernherd, Bhenard, Bonord, Burnard
Barnes, Barn, Barne, Barns - - . - . - • . ■ • ■
Barnett Barnet, Barnit, Barnits. Barnitt, Barnot, Barnutt, Bornet
Barney.' Baney, Barny, Boney. Bonney, Bonny. Bony
Bamhill, Barnald, Barnell. Bamhil. Bamihill
Barnnm, Barnam. Barnham. Bamon
Barr, Bahs. Bar. Barre. Barrs. Bars
Barrack Barhick, Barick. Barrick, Barwick, Berwick
Barrel!. Barhyel, Barral. Barrel, Barrels, BarroUs, Byrel . .................................. ..••
Barrett. Barett, Barott, Barrat. Barret, Barretts, Barrit, Barritt, Barrot, Barrett, Berret, Bemt
Barron,' Baron. Barons. Barren, Barrens
Barrows, Barrer. Barrow
Barry. Barrey, Bary. Bearey
Bartholomew, Bartelmey, Barthoiemew, Barthoiemy, Bartholmew, Barthoiume;v, Bathlemey ,
Battlemc
Bartle. Bartall, Bartel, Bartell
Bartlett, Bartlet, Bartletts, Bartlit, Bartlot
Bartley, Bartly -
Barton, Barten, Bartin, Bartine, Borton
Bartow, Barto, Bertow. Burtow
Bartram, Bartrom, Bartron, Bartrum
Bascom, Bascomb, Bascrnn
Basford, Bashford
Bass, Basse ■
Bassett, Basett, Basset, Bassitt ,Bassot,Besset
Batchelder Bachelder, Bacheldor, Bachelelder, Bacheler, Bacheller, Bachellor, Bachelor, Bach-
lor Baecfiellor, Batchador, Batchedor, Batcheldon, Batcheldor, Batcheller, Batchellor, Batch-
elo'r, Batchler,'Batchoder
Bateman, Batemen, Batesman, Batman, Battman
Bates, Baits, Bate, Bavtes, Beates, Beats
Batten, Batan, Baton, Battan, Battin, Batton
Battle, Battels, Battles
Batts, Bats, Batt, Batle, Batz
Bangh, Beangh, Bough, Bow, Bowe, Bowes, Bows
Baum, Bawhain, Bawni
Baxter, Backsster, Backster, Barkster, Baxto, Baxtor, Beckster, Beckstor, Bexter
Bay, Bayes, Bays, Bey
5.0
5.4
4.5
5.3
5.8
6.4
5.2
6.8
5.5
6.5
5.6
5.3
6.0
6-5
6.2
5.6
6.2
5.7
6.3
5.6
5.5
5.4
6.9
5.S
5.3
5.6
5.9
6.3
5.5
6.3
5.9
5 8
5.5
4.7
6.0
6.7
5.5
6.8
6.0
5.3
5.9
6.2
6.2
7.0
6.4
6.7
5.6
6.0
4.6
6.0
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
6.8
5.7
5.3
£.7
6.0
6.0
6.7
6.4
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.9
5,4
5-5
37
201
30
54
370
63
22
2C0
260
27
53
49
196
19
63
235
63
74
37
20
76
21
881
63
72
70
1,157
46
41
27
446
303
168
36
80
69
45
30
27
142
336
38
38
43
38
16
418
76
29
113
251
700
207
153
24
83
111
45
21
269
69
138
48
21
5.9
5.4
5.7
6.5
5.8
5.5
6.4
6.8
7.3
5.3
5.8
5,6
5.9
5,4
6,7
5,8
5.9
5.8
6.8
5,4
6,1
95
25
422
24
190
21
19
20
15
149
196
149
877
104
230
1,792
287
92
1,248
1,117
149
245
210
976
104
328
1,093
326
349
195
91
344
93
4,225
256
310
324
6,641
242
186
143
2,177
1,407
764
131
402
339
201
174
136
608
1.6.38
198
161
260
207
91
1,921
382
104
561
1.195
3,258
888
726
95
419
624
199
104
1,236
303
674
212
94
464
111
1,981
107
908
94
102
115
95
6,36
940
3 ,
27 12
11 26
19
65 49
1
76
28 38
1
236
72
384
41
49
28
59
25
151
18
1,075
3.50
1.703
192
233
138
285
144
668
92
28 58
20 65
40
2
6
40
30
14
2
3
37
3
16
34
25
33 14
9
7
68 168
5
10 22
32
16
16
99
34
55
11
16
14
33
9 10
1 15
2 30
6 I 1
.... 2
16 26
1 1 1
2
6
20
14
-4
13
17
20 I 10
4 1 4
4
2
3
1
2
38
4
38
4
15
12
2
e
12
5
10
3
3
21
29
1
S
4
4
1
9
10
3
2
1
4
1
19
4
1
17
3
GENKIIAL TABLES.
229
Table m.-NOMENCLATIRE. DEALING WITH NAMES UEPKESEXTED IJY AT LEAST lOO WHITE PERSONS HY STATES
AND TntRITOUIES, AT TIIK !l"-l' • 'vc . ,- .:. . .
1
o
5
-a
<
TWTAU
mtAOS or rAMiuu
3
i
NAME.
J
1
o
1
a
1
1
183
832
126
115
1,296
281
104
1,163
878
868 1
531
202
381
86
723
4(»
307
196
522
543 ,
103
148
538
721
276
.?73
172
98
.370
363
369
512
309
2.489
87
272
281
191
153
342
188
864
188
461
318
3.329
849
l.W
fiOO
638
4fi7
170
1,747
82
91
129
241
88
.148
191
90
87
184
367
175
inc.
1 209
1 155
410
174
1,342
1 313
S7S
1
t
§
ts
1
§
l:
1
1
a
s
11
1
1
12
i,
1
f:
i
it
z
7
30
1
t
a
£
5
9
1
23
18
38
11
53
129
33
1
a
4
1
4
'»'
3
9
33
19
28
1
A
C
1
>
10
8
11
3
22
9
10
8
8
a
\
i
Baylis, Bailcs Balless, Bailies, Bailis, Baleas, Balis. Baylcs, Bayloss. Baylies, Bayllss
i7
8.7
5 2
£ 4
S.S
8.8
8 2
8.8
8.7
8.8
8.7
6.1
8.1
8.8
6.0
8.8
8.3
6.6
8.4
S.9
6.2
6 7
5 0
5.3
5.4
6.2
5.8
8.7
6.2
8.0
5.8
8.7
5«
5.6
5.0
5.3
6.6
5.9
5.5
5.9
5.1
8.4
5,7
5.8
6.0
5.7
6.1
5.9
5.5
5.7
5.7
n.3
5 7
39
176
30
■a
58
2.5
241
INK
113
40
9:1
19
145
85
72
3.S
118
110
20
26
117
1G6
63
111
38
21
71
01
77
ins
63
540
22
64
50
39
.34
74
46
197
40
102
64
7.3
ir,7
32
1.32
1311
100
32
372
20
19
27
62
14
126
3t.
25
15
39
89
34
10
1 '«
31
3i;
! ^
306
66
1 127
8
8
1
1
Beach, Becho, Beech "^ '
15
Beachain , Bcachum Beachump, Bccham, Beechem, Boechum
I
BraktT, Heeker
-
Beall, B(';il, Berlin Bealcs, Boals, Brol, Bcele Beels, Biehle, Bicll
21
a
6
1
8
4
2
3
7
8
U
7
3| *
Beam, Beams. Hi'cm, Bc«.'ms, Itfham, Belun
Beamer, B«'*'inar, lit-emer, Ht-hnur, Itcinnier, Bejiner
****
2
Bean, Bcanc, Beanes, Beans, Bi-en, Bet-ne, Bchn, Beno, Bien
41
....
77
1
8
2
3
2
6
7
3
33
* "*■
14 4
Bear, Bachr, Baer, Bahre, Baier, Bair, Bairs, Bare, Bayer, Bayers, Beahr, Beair, Beare, Bean..
Beard, Beards
Beardsle<% Bardsley, Beadsley, Brardley, Beardly, Beardsley, Bearflsly, Beanley, Bi^rdslra..
....
14
11
»4
7
3 4
26 2S
. 1
Bearse, Beart-e, Bierce, Birse, Burse
3
2
28
....
3
8
1
Beasley, Beasly, Beassly, Beazeiey, Beazley, Beaily, Btesoly, Becsley, Bwisly, Beerley, Besley,
Bezley, Biselv, Bisiey
S
24
1
37 ! IS
14 1
19 11
16 3
9 I
Beason, Bcasorii , Be^-som
....
...
4
2
....
....
Bcaty, Baety, Baettey, Baitey, Baity, Batey, Battey, Batty, Baty, Beatey, Beatio, Bcatte,
Beattey, Bcatty
I
2
...
12
22
28
8
«2
20
9
32
37
27
2
6
1
2
2
10
1
12
5
8
4
11
8
32
3
1
2
1
10
1
2
16
3
13
S
Beaver, Beaverd, Beavers, Beavert, Beavor, Beavours, Becver, Bevar, Bever, Bevcrs, Bevier,
Biever
Bcavin, Bcavan, Beavans, Beaven, Beavens, Bravins, Becvans, Bovan, Bevuns, Beven, Beveos,
Bovin, Bevins, Bevvins, Bivans, Biven. Bivins
....
I
4
6
ErchUl. BachU-1, Bechtell, Bechtle, Bechtold, Becktill, Becktle, Bishtcl
"
1 '
1
4
15
3
1
i'
3
S
7
1
3
63
2
«
Becker, Bacher, Backer, Becher, Beckers, Beker
1
Beckett, Becket, Beckit
....
1
2
6
4
1
7 0
11
2
1
14
2
15
1
2
72
94
57
3
II
34
2
49
34
1
8
6
5
9
16
64
23
8
4
Beebe, Beba, Bcbbe, Bcbbee, Bebe, Bebee, Beeba, Beebeo, Becby, Beyby
1 . ..
Beedio, Badellc, Boadle, lioadles, Bealle, Bedale, Beddie, Bedel, Bedell, Bedio, Becdel, Beedles,
Be*'!*'!, Beetlo, Bctle, Bettle
6
S
1
2
t
12
,
Beekman Bnckman
2
X
Beeler, Bealer, Bealor, Bchlcr, Belter, Belch, Beler, Belor, Bieler, Birller, Bielor
'
*'
1
9
69
12
17
6
2
•j-
2
6
Beeman, Beaman, Beamen, Beamon, Beamons, BebniaD, Beman, Benion
7
1
7
1
"\3
8
9
2
17
4
33
22
19
28
1
....
1
1
14 ....
1
1
....
1
1
10
9
19
IS
1 4
Beldin>: Beldcn Beldin Beldon Building
Bell
96
2
3
4
6
1
1
1
30
76
8
18
148 : M
1 1 4
Bollincor, Balanger, Balinger, Ballanger, Ballenger, Ballingeer, BalUnger, BecUfoger, Belcnjer,
8 14
8
fi
1
18
3
7
1 ....
1 1
11
48
2
6
1
21
2
"i'
2
60
6
40
7
143
32
I
39
9
39
10
32
1
1
8
13
i i
37
8
I
....
2 1
10
2
8
113
30
27
1
2 ....
17
4
79
40
25
7
12
4
4
7
38
77
3
"\3
1
37
12
33
1
1
1
8
1
1
BeuniT Bena lli^nard Benear Bener Benna Bennar, Bennerd, Benners, Benno, Brnnor, Benor.
7
22
9
....
1
1
1
Benmt! Banm-t, Bannett, Beuat, Benet, Benett, Benit, Bennalt, Bennett, Bennlt, Bennitt,
38
8
2
"3
36
7
"Y
10
41
2
.03
7
1
33' 48
22 ; 3
2 ....
8 1 18
2 ii'
64 32
20 14
1 '....
I
18
8
48
1
IS ; 1
37
s
6
36
8
9
1
Berrlnper, Barineer. Barrlger, Barrincer, Bearlnper, Beringar, Beringef. Berrlger, BirrlngGr
1
46
39
2
48
4
9
40
44
1 «
39
5. 1
5.8
5.8
4.9
7.3
5.3
6.3
4.6
fi.8
5.7
5.1
6.1
r. f.
1 5.3
ClO
2
\
13
3
9
6
14
Best
'
7
13
30
S
Hester, Besto, Bestor, Bestow
1
1
"i
8
I
3\
4 1....
'32'
6
3
'24'
2
1
1
14
1
18
11
1
8
IS
; »
1
I..'.
"V
4
3
"i
1
2
3
2
2
e
4
....
1
1
20
3
1
16
14
«
1
1
6
s
49
1
1
2
I
6
....
BIcknall.' Bechnal, Beclinail, Bcckiial. Becknall. Bockncll. Blcknal, Bickiwl, Blcknell
Bidlnman, Bedelinan, Beidelman, Beldeman, Beitenman, Beydornian, Bidelman, Bidcmiui,
....
****
"'""
....
I
2
....
43
I
4
Bidw.ll, Bidwel. Birdwell •
Blirlv, Bov.rlv, Blorley. Blrolv, Byerley. Byprly, Byorly, Byrely
Biselow, BiealW, Bicgalow, Blggelow, Biggilow, Biglow
Blcgs, liig, Biree, Bigs
Bigham, Bigain, Biggam, Bigr>ra, Biggcm, Bi chains
io'
2
2
6
3
1
9
28
68
1
26
2
9
8
1
IS
11
1
"'"1 . .
3
2
1
17"
S
3
i->
1
2
Bigsliy, Blglx>a, Bigbie, Bigsbee, BIgsbey, Bigsbie
7
3
....!....
7
3
8
9
3
52
I
Bill Bills
5
4
14
••j-l 1
....
Billings, Billing, Billins
In
1
Billups, Biliips, Billop, Blllops
Bingham , Bi ngam
Bird, Hiird, Byrd
•j-
17
1
12
1
' rr. ' 1 ' in
, s , t ,1:
' K.
20
r,
IJ!
I
28
Birdsall. Blrdscll •.•■-,;••.:
Bisliro, BcslK*, BIsbc, Blsbcy, Bisbie, Bisbuy, BUby, Bysbe
Bishop. livshop •
8
11
"7"
5
19
6
.'4 ■»
5.5
5.4
5.7
S.5
'26'
I
2
9
3
14 1 IS |....
■5111
Black ...:...'.........' '....■.....■.■-■.■
8
m..^
'
1 IS 9
Blackburn, Blackl)om, Blackbom, Blackbarne
Blackiaan. Blackmon. Blakeman
....
S
29 ' 2 48' 9' 4 '....'....' 18 IS
76292—09-
-16
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
230 ^ ^^^ ^
r. wTo^TT ^ A MFS RFPRESBNTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
T.„.. lll.-NOMENCLATUR^E.DEAUNG^WITH^^ ...O^Jontinued^
Blackmore, Blackamoor, Blackamorc,
Blackmar, Blackmare, Blackmer, Blactanor, Blacmore,
BI?i'klrn?Bia''cSnerBVacksWeVBlac-kstons;m^^^^
Tjio,.i™,oii Rlacwell. Blacivill
Blackwell! Blacwell, Blacivill
Blades, Blade ■-■
Blam.Blainej^Blane.Blean.^.^.^.^.^..^.^.^.^^^^^
^; Blaisdeli; Biaizdeli; Bia^dai; Bla^aie/Blakdeli; Bi^dte,"Blij^ei,mki^i: - . .
T.' Biecker, Bieecker ' ' "
Blair, Blaer, Blaher, Blaire,
illSiy=BLS;etl.-raf'y'BSey;Biackly;Biake.ee;Biakei^
Bl»£i^? ■ Blackesley: Biackslea; Blaeksiee,' iilackslvV Btakeily
EllnchlJd, BtaS', Blanchord, Blanshard, Blenchard
Bland, Blan, Blann ■ ■ • ■■■■■■■.
Blankinship, Blackenship, Blankenship
Blanks, Blank..
Blanton, Blantn
Blasdel, Blaisdel
Blauvelt
Bledsoe. Bledso
Bleeker. Bleeher, Biecker, Bieecker,
Blevin, Eleven, Blevlns, Bllven, Blivin
Blin, Blinn, Blyn
Bliss, Blis v.; ■ " ■ ;
Blodget, Bladeet, Blodgett, Bloget
Blood, Blaad
Bloom, Bloome, Blum
Bloomer, Blumer
Blossom, Blosom, Blosson
Blount, Blunt - A, " V
Blowers, Blewer, Bloore, Blorer, Bloyer
BIT, Blev, Blies, Bligh, Blye
Blvthe. Blith, Blithe, Blyth i' ' " J ";•
Boardman. Boardsman, Boordman, Bordeman, Bordman
Boarnian, Booman, Boorman, Boreman, Borman
Bolihit, Bohart, Bobbet, Bobbett, Bobbitt ; ; ;
Boch ford, Botchford V.V..\V..V..-. ■■-■■■■■■
Bodine
Bogardus, Bogardas
Boeert, Bogard, Bogart, Boggard
Boggs, Bogg, Bogges, Boggess, Bogs, Bogse v; " w„ ■„„Vr;
lalrs^^r^ofe!'S^iii^!'S;i:;^s^
iSS±?Bo^S^'S.^?SISl^.»S^;iSBow,an;B„w^^
len, Bowlin, Bowline, Bowling
Bolt, Bolls, Boltz. Boult
Bolton, BoKen. Boltin
Bond, Bonde. Bonds ''[
Bonner, Bona, 'fionar,' Boner, Bonnars,' Bonneau, Bonnor, Bowner
Bonsall, Bonsai, Bonsel. Bonsil, Bonsill, Bonsle. .
Booker, Bewker, Boocher, Bucher, Buchers, Bucker, Buker
Boon, Boone, Boons
Boose, Boos. Booz, Booze, Bose
Booth, Boothe, Booths "'
Bordenffeoar°den,'Bordin,' Bordine, BoVding," Bordon, Bourd'in
Borum, Boorham, Boram, Boran, Boren, Borin, Borram
Bosley, Bossley, Bozley •
Boston! Bosston, Bostone ......... ;
Bostwick. Bawstick, Bosteck, Bostic, Bostick, Boswiek. ....^..
Boswell, Bossweil, Bosweell, Boswel, Boswells, BoswiU, Bozwell, Buzwell, BuzwiU
Bosworth, Bozworth
Botstord.
Bottom, Bottoms, Bot t urn
Botts. Bote, Bots, Bott
Boughton, fiowten, Bowton
BouOTan" Bausma^^oasni^n, Boaztiiin; Bodziii; BoVsemaii,' Boseman, Bosiman, Bosmaii:
Bosserman. Bozman
Bouton. Booten, Boutain, Bouten, Boutton, Butin
Bovee, Boovey, Boovv, Bouve, Bouvy, Bovey, Bovie
Bowden, Bouden, Bowdin, Bowdoin, Bowdon, Bowdown
Bowen Boan, Boen. Bohan, Boin, Bowan, Bowin, Bowins
Bowers, Bauer, Baughtr, Ba\iher, Bouer, Boughar, Bougher, Bowa, Bowar, Bowars, Bower
Bowie, 'Bo\iie. Boy, Buie, Buoy, Buye
Bowker, Banker, Bawker. Bouker i^ - - - : W\.
Bowman, Bau;;hman, Bauhman, Bauman, Bawman, Beauman, Boaman, Boeghman.Bogtiman,
Bohman, Boman, Boughman, Bouman
Bowne, Bown . Bo\TOS
Bowtell, Boutell, Boutels, Boutle, Bowdle
5.5
6.2
6.8
6.1
7.4
5.8
5.5
5.0
5.4
6.1
5.2
6.1
4.2
6.0
5.4
5.1
5.3
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.9
5.6
6.6
5.1
5.4
5.1
5.7
5.8
5.7
5 0
5.7
4.6
5.0
6.3
6.9
5.9
5.3
5.5
6.4
5.7
6.4
5.5
4.9
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.5
4.6
5.2
6.3
5.5
5.5
5 9
5.6
6.1
8.7
5 2
5.8
4 9
5.2
6.9
5.9
4.6
7.5
5.4
5.9
45
29
48
24
24
160
273
96
26
206
36
35
27
21
84
57
30
18
18
34
185
106
105
30
25
26
99
18
21
24
107
41
25
18
17
37
71
60
33
119
16
201
150
278
122
154
765
1,227
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
Box „
Boyce, Boice, Boies, Bois, Boyes, Boys, Boyse
Boyd, Bold, Boyde, Boyds
Boyden, Boiden, Bovdin, Boyton
Boyer. Bawver, Bawvers. Bowyer, Beyers, Buoyar...
Bovkin, Boyakin, Bo'vekin, Boyking
Boyle. Boil, Boile, Boiles, Boils, Boyl, Boyles, Boyls.
Boynton, Boyanton, Boyenton, Boyinton, Boyonton.
Bovt, Bovte.
Brackenridge, Brackenridg, Brackenrig, Brakenidge, Brakenridge, Brakerldge, Brakinredge,
Breckenredge, Breckinridge. Brickinridge
Bracket, Brachet, Brackett, Braket
5.6
5.5
6.4
5.3
5.7
6.6
6.0
5.5
5.9
6.2
6.5
5.0
5.8
5.8
5.4
5.6
5.9
5.1
6.4
5.2
5.9
6.4
25
70
223
26
68
22
113
124
22
207
17
54
28
13
26
41
106
73
79
18
28
25
46
62
32
30
19
73
278
281
49
33
284
21
30
22
156
309
52
132
26
68
95
31
27
124
385
116
,041
160
178
86
104
373
232
129
82
87
155
915
491
480
122
110
102
466
87
99
97
505
146
100
96
100
181
308
270
179
564
86
398
98
333
1,099
122
309
80
479
655
98
929
84
251
144
100
110
197
417
309
390
89
101
163
201
305
148
136
103
312
1,316
1,302
246
148
32
30
37
35. 1
74 1
15
13
16
1,402
109
164
89
746
1,498
228
602
122
276
510
129
132
548
13
19
29
15
4 8
4 1 25
1
4
2 14
6
6
12
18 16
12
10 27
1 4
23
15
95
34
12
52 16
20
6
4
5
1
12
2
6
13
S
13
1
S
10
io
1
11
IS
4
39
Table 111.
GENERAL TABLES. 231
-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY .STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continued.
Bradbury, Bradberry, Bradbery, Bradsberrey, Broadberry
Brad ford '.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.','.'.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'."
Bradish
Bradlpy, Bradlee, Bradly, Braidly, Breadly '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".
Bradshaw, Bradrhaw. Bradsha, Bradsher, Bredshaw. , .
Bradt, liratt, Br.dt mmil[\[l[[[ill['.[[[[][\' [
Bradv. Brada, Braddy, Bradey, Braidy, Braydcy, Braydy, Breiady, Bredyl!!...
BraR'ion, Bragdcn !.!!!!!
BracK. BraK
Brainard. Braincrd. Branard, Brannard, Braynard, Brenard
Brake, Broak, Brot-k '.'..'..'.'.'.'.
BraU-y, Brailey, Braily, Bralv .'.'.'.'!!.".".*.'I!i !.'!!!.'!!][!!
Bratnin, Bracmin, Braman, liramcn, Braumio, Brayman, Brcaman, Brecmon, Brenuii, Bremen
Branch
Brand, Brandt, Brant
Brandon, Brandan, Branden, Brandin, Brandun
Branham, Brambam, Branan, Branhan, Branin, Brannan, Brannen, Brannln, Brannlon, Bran-
non, Brannum, Branon, Branum
Branson, Branison, Branizor, Bransom, Brcnson '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Brantley, Brantly, Brcntly
Bran ton
Brashears, Brashear, Brasher, Brasheres, Brashets, Brasshcr
Erasure, Eraser, B rosier, Brassure, Brazer, Brazier, Brazor ,
Braswell, Brasswell, Braswi-l, Bmswill, Brazwell ]]'
Bratton, Braten, Braton, B ratten
Brau, Brausb, Broiigh, Brow
Brawn, Bran, Braiin, Bnniin, Brawon, Bron, Brond
Brawner, Braner, Branner, Branor, Brauner
Bray
Bray ton
Brazel, Brasel, Brasill, BrasscU, Brassil, Brassill, Brazcal, Brazeel, Brazell, Brazil
Breed , Bread
Breeding, Breding
Brenneman, Branaman, Braniman, Brannaman, Brannamer, Brenman, Bronnemon, Brincnnan,
Bruneman . Brnnoman
Brenner, Bregneer. Breighner, Breignu, Breiner, Breneer, Brenegh, Brcner, Brennor
Brent, Breant, Brend, Brents, Brint ,
Brcssae, Bra.ssac
Brevard, Brevoort
Brewer, Brewah, Brewer, Brua, Bruer, Bruyer
Brewster, Brewstur, Bronstcr, Brusstar, Bruster
Brice, Brise. Brises, Brvee
Bricker, Briekerl, Brieket, Brickett, Brickhart, Brigab, Brigcr
Bridges, Bridge, Briges
Bridgman, Bridgeman
Brier, Bry ar, Bryer, Bryers
Briggs, Bregs, Br igg, Brigs
Brigham
Bright, Breight, Brite
Brightman
Brine k. Brink, Brinks
BrinekerhofI, Brenkenkoof, Brinckershofl, Bringolf, Brinkenhool, Brinkerhoff
Brinkley, Brinklee, BrinkJy
Brinson, Brinsen
Briscoe, Bisco, Biscoe, Biscow, Brisco
Brison, Brieen, Brisen, Brj'son
Bristol , Bristdle, B ristoU
Bristow, Brislcr, Bristo, Bristoe, Bristor
Britt, Brit, Britts, Britz
Britton, Britain, Brition, Briton, Brittain, Brittan, Britten, Brittn
Broad. Brod, Brode
Brock. Broch, Brookes, Bro<ks, Brokes, Broks
Brockman, Brechman, Brtckman, Broakman, Brookman
Brockway, Brockaway, Brockwey ■
Brookins. Brookin, Brooking, Brookings
Brooks. Broock, Brook, Brooke, Brookes ■
Broom. Broara, Broham. Broms, Broome, Brume •
Brothers, Brot her, Bruthers • •
Broughton, Brauthton, Brawton, Braten, Brotin, Brotton, Brougton, Brouton, Broyhton
Bro wer, Brauer, B rougher
Brown. Bronn, Brooiis, Broun, Broune, Browne, Browns
Brownell. Bronell, Brownall, Brownel, Brownill ■
Browning, Brownin ■
Brownilev, Brounlev. Brownlee. Brownlie ■
Brownso'n, Bronsan. Bronson. Hronslon. Brounson, Brounson. lirunson
Bru baker, Brewbaker, Broobeaker, Browbaker, Brubacher, Bnibacker, Bruboker
Bnice, Bnise -
Brumlev. Bramblv, Bramly, Brombly, Bromley, Bromly, Broomly, Brumiy
Bnimlage, Brundfge
Bruner, Bronaugh, Brooner, Brunner
Brush
Bryan, Brian. Brien, Brlene, Brlon, Brlons, Bryen, Bryn, Brj'on
Bryant. Briand. Brlant, Brient. Brvand. Bryent ,;•• V V,' ' u
Buchanan, Baehanan. Bochanon. Bucannon. Buecannon, Bucchannon, Buchanen. nuchannan,
Bucliannen. Bneliannon. Bnelianon. Buckanan, Buekannan, Buekanon, Buckhanan, Buck-
hanen, Buckhannan, Buckhannon, Buckhanon
Buckingham." Becking'hani,' ■Birkingham, Biickeiiham,' Buckhlngham, Buckinham, BukJngham.
Buckley . Bin liley, Buckly, Bukley
Bilcklin, Buikland
Buckm an. B irkraan
Buckner, Beckner, Buckners, Bucknor ■
Budd. Bud
Buell. Bewel, Bewell, Buel
&S
S.3
5l5
i.3
6.3
«.2
S.O
S.4
6.6
6.0
5.7
S.7
6.2
i.6
S.8
6.3
4.S
S.2
5.8
5.6
6.3
5.4
6.0
6.2
6. A
5.5
6.0
6.5
5.7
6.0
6.3
6.1
5.2
S.6
6.4
5.3
6.7
6.0
5.5
5.7
5.7
6.4
5.4
5.7
6.0
5.1
5.1
5.7
5.7
4.3
5.1
5.6
5.9
5.5
4.9
5.4
5.4
6.6
5.7
6.1
5.8
5.0
5.5
6.8
5.1
5.4
6.4
5.7
6.3
6.0
6.2
5.6
6.1
5.2
5.1
5.4
5.3
6.2
67
191
20
440
79
W
88
37
65
94
20
20
34
68
09
27
27
38
18
23
217
142
43
33
152
17
19
439
U.'i
lOO
35
37
32
58
24
49
43
67
33
62
113
16
96
20
60
20
586
27
42
42
63
3,358
69
80
34
1.10
42
138
38
4S
343
861
86
1,981
343
264
370
149
287
628
99
94
161
361
300
181
2S1
99
167
87
178
122
97
214
120
117
118
356
169
137
240
95
139
112
174
98
98
1,027
710
195
155
712
91
83
2,0fi8
579
408
142
174
ISO
192
98
223
212
301
130
272
494
90
447
101
286
104
2.039
156
173
183
340
15,S27
3<-«
402
176 ,
687 I
213
580
154
8KAD8 or rAMIUES.
121
i"6
14
6
I
112 ;292
5.2
5.3
L-...
...v,
5.8
126
599
5.3
IM
839 i
5.3
59
256
6.9
101
493 1
1.8
39
226
6.2
61
316
6.1
23
96
A.8I
34
162
6.1
98
503 .
27
29
29
.1 11
1
8 I 7
22
^
t
ir
»
9
i
&
1
5
7
14
18
27
9
12
10
27
. 21
1
10
6
3
3
7
429
1
i:i
6
17
3
8
2
16
7
o
36
11
1
4
....
1
8
in
31
18
7
1
10
2
S
2
II I 21 4
1 I 1 '...
SO 19 101
40 66
20
3
1
16
S
B
3
....
a
I
....
1
I
1<
40
8
I
3
S
10
a
7
1
"i
I
13
1
2«
4
3
7
I
313
3
1
17
33
U
232
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 111 -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
a
g
M
ID
1
<
TOTAL.
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
NAME.
1
o
2
M
s
a
o
<
o
a
g
3
i
a
a
0
i
>
•g
a
1
-a
0
3
1
5
2
"5
>
a
p
&
T3
a
03
a
3
'bit
>
1
0
ja
z
2
6.5
6.3
6.7
5.6
41
30
61
39
120
97
26
129
27
43
51
43
100
26
69
49
77
128
60
72
28
120
24
27
225
19
39
160
64
58
59
62
23
109
23
260
276
22
163
105
33
233
172
26
213
51
234
80
21
35
22
550
16
120
88
62
59
33
29
106
17
24
31
53
21
46
104
60
161
30
265
30
29
70
99
62
34
22
20
29
85
137
226
158
348
181
590
453
134
598
103
190
201
194
480
123
309
200
364
577
254
355
133
558
101
116
1,095
90
216
647
283
292
302
330
94
596
101
1,208
1,186
83
761
486
162
1,182
864
144
907
272
1,041
389
94
176
114
2,503
86
539
462
273
254
176
129
546
92
99
119
208
116
206
526
276
674
134
1,200
125
135
323
443
236
176
90
80
110
384
651
15
6
10
3
6
57
5
34
"s"
"3'
"s
1
1
22
32
36
6
2
1
2
14
1
6
0
5
1
9
2
2
1
10
'io'
3
2
7
16
2
30
1
2
12
5.1
5.7
6.2
5.6
4.8
5.4
4.9
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.1
5.7
6.5
5.2
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.9
5.7
7.1
5.0
5.4
6.0
6.1
6.3
5.1
6.5
5.4
5.7
5.3
4.8
5.7
5.5
5.9
6.1
6.0
6.5
5.3
6.3
5.4
5.9
5.5
6.0
6.2
5.6
6.4
5.5
6.2
5.5
5.3
0.3
5.4
6.2
6.4
5.1
4.8
4.9
6.5
5.5
6.1
6.6
5.2
6.5
5.6
5.2
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.5
6.2
5.1
5.0
4.8
5.5
5.8
6
14
1
4
2
16
8
2
8
15
4
28
5
5
22
22
1
10
1
12
f,
'3'
8
"e
T
1
6
9
5
4
5
m
Biimgarner, BamRartner, Bombgardner, Bomgarner, Bonggarner, Bumbgardner, Bumgamer,
6
3
24
1
1
33
1
12
....
....
1
17
5
1
36
2
9
9
31
7
4
5
5
44
2
8
1
31
2
"io'
4
21
1
....
1
2
3
6
20
1
1
3
3
....
1
3
1
Bunnel, Baneil, Banil, Betiei.Bonell, Bonnel, Bonnell, Bunel, Bunell, Buuijl, Bunnell, Bunnels,
3
'io'
1
3
24
1
3
Burtiank" Piirt^mirV, Rnrl.anl.-s .
6
11
2
29
2
17
29
16
9
'is'
"ei'
3
6
17
"3'
14
9
9
2
25
11
"2
8
3
4
4
1
9
1
29
20
5
4
....
6
7
29
Burchard, Birchard, Birchliead, Birchird, Birrchard, Burchart, Burchet, Burchhead, Burchid,
10
1
3'
Burdifk Birdich, Burdack, Burdee, Burdeck, Burdii^t
1
8
1
2
13
11
22
34
19
55
6
1
40
2
'26'
9
6
2
2
3
6
50
10
7
16
1
21
4
BurRess, Berges, Burgas, Burgase, Burgass, Burgees, Burges, Burghes, Burghess, Burgis, Bur-
Bureh, Berg, Bergh, Burg, Burgiie .
1
Bur'ghardt, Birkhart, Buchert, Buckhart, Bughart, Burchert. Burckhart, Burghart, Burgort,
2
5
10
9
1
21
6
4
17
10
Burk, Berck, Berk, Berks, Birk. Birke, Birks, Bourk, Burck, Biuke, Burkes, Burks
3
13
2
2
1
5
4
14
7
ll
Burket, Berkit, Birquit, Burckett, Burget. Burglt, Burgot, Burkett, Burkit, Burkltt, Burkout. .
8
3
Burkholder, Buchwalter, Buckhalte, Bucklialter, Buckholter, Buckolter, Buckwalter, Burch-
holder, Burkalter, Burkolder
1
36
1
3
"3
7
10
2
4
8
11
'46'
"i'
6
4
4
4
6
10
1
18
2
11
45
1
1
Burnap
Burnett, Bernet, Bernett, Bernitt, Bernot, Bumet, Bumit, Bumitt, Byrnett
8
7
69
5
1
4
29
26
"2
13
19
7
8
38
7
4
1
32
2
27
6
"2
8
50
13
9
1
7
22
4
"3'
4
5
12
16
76
16
13
29
39
3
59
8
Burns, Beam, Bearnes, Bern, Berns, Burhans, Burn, Burne, Burnes, Byrn, Byrne, Byrnes,
Byms
Burpee, Burpe, Burpey, Burpy
BmT,BuT,Burs
11
2
95
IS
25
29
6
18
7
1
31
13
26
11
2
00
3
15
2
1
6
2
21
7
2
1
1
Burrell, Buril, Burral, Burrall, Biurel, Burril, Burrill, Burroll, Burwell
1
9
3
Burrit, Burret, Burrett, Burritt
Burrows, Borough, Boroughs, Borow, Borroughs, Bouroughs, Buress, Buro, Burows, Burras,
Burrass, Burres, Burrice, Burris, Bxnriss, Bxurough, Burroughs, Burrous, Burrow, Burrowes,
5
14
8
19
86
8
1
30
4
24
8
27
18
13
S
Burt, Bert, Berttes, Birt, Burts, Burttes, Burtz
Burtis, Burtiss
Burton, Berton, Birton, Burten, Burtin
7
6
15
12
1
36
5
5
"2'
U
1
21
65
10
9
34
16
2
10
78
5
39
26
18
10
1
16
13
13
Busby, Bushee, Busbey, Busbie, Bushbee, Bushby, Buzbie, Buzby
Bush, Bouche, Boush
1
8
6
Bushnell, Bishnel, Bushnal, Bushneel, Bushnel, BushnoU, Bushnul
Buskirk
6
1
8
45
Bussey, Buscv, Busie, Busse, Bussy, Busy
6
3
1
10
3
38
3
8
54
2
2
65
7
1
39
Butcher, Butchers
Butler, Butlar, Butlers, Butlor, Buttler
31
29
24
1
6
12
5
2
86
14
12
27
6
19
1
6
1
5
87
46
Butraan, Buleman, Buttman
Butt, But, Buts, Butts, Buttz, Butz
1
11
"e'
'32'
1
5
9
14
6
4
2
11
■3'
1
11
13
1
6
3
9
2
5
33
15
2
Butterfleld, Buterfld
Button, Boton, Botton, Bottons, Butten, Buttons..
12
6
16
6
"4'
6
4
5
6
2
2
2
7
4
3
Buxton, Buckstone
Buzzard, Bazzard, Bozard, Busard, Busert, Bussard, Buzard.
Buzzell, Bussel, Bussell, Bussells, Buzzel
s
13
Byers, Bayeaux, Bayeux, Beya, Beyea, Beyer, Bevor, Beyres, Biars, Bias, Bierr, Biers, Bior,
Buyer, Buyers, Buyhe, Byar, Byars, Byas, Byass, Byer, Byrar, Byre, Byres, Byrs, Byuers . .
1
2
2
12
10
5
65
9
Bynum, Bainum, Banuni, Binom, Binimi, Bynam, Bynbame
1
4
1
10
1
2
5
5
5
12
14
11
3
3
Byram, Biram, Birem, Byrom, Byrum...
5
....
2
1
1
7
■■;;■
1
7
21
Cable, Cabel, Cabell, Cables
17
97
....
Cadwallader, Cadwalader, Cadwaleder, Cadwalider, Cadwaliter
Cad well, Cadwel
Cady, Cadey
Cahoon, Cahoone, Cahown, Cohoon, Cohoun.Cohown
"i'
14
1
1
1
6
3
1
23
1
13
14
6
3
26
1
2
4
5
13
15
5
"7'
33
1
6
29
7
16
1
27
1
"9'
23
7
80
7
2
18
1
4
5
"7'
15
19
"i9'
2
10
3
5
5
1
'3'
1
2
3
1
1
"'2'
19
2
21
7
■ 1
1
'ii
33
8
18
9
2
14
'i
24
6
Cain, Caine, Calnes, Cains, Cane, Kaign, Kain, Kane
Calahan C^alilian, Callahan CallohaiiCallichan, CalUhan, Cailyhan, Kalahan, kailahan, Keliyhan.
Caldwell, Caldwall, Calhvoll, Calwell,Coldwcll,Cohvell,Cohvill Culdwell J'"""-
20-
6
12
8
1
36
Calo, Call, Cales, Caols, Cayle, Kalil, Kail, Kails. Kale
Calf, Calfe
Calhoon, Calhoone, Calhoun, Coihoon.'colquhooTi,' Coiiihoun,' Cullioun
i6
i
"a
34
"4'
42
3
2
3
1
3
17
6
"ie
Calkins Calkin, Caukins, Caulkins, Colking, Colkins, Corkin, Corkings, Corkins .'.'.'.'.'...
"7"
3
9
13
8
3
Callendcr, Calender, Callander, Calender, Coliender,Coilinder..' .'.".'.' .'!.'."
"i'
"'i'
2
2
'ie'
4
9
12
6
2
1
1
4
24
5
Callis, Calls". ..'.V.]'.'.'.']
2
8
2
Calvert, Calvit, Colvert
Cameron, Cameran, Camerion, Cammeron, "CamoranVcaniron
....
2
7
....
7
....
77
8
16
Camp, Camps, Kamp '
GENERAL TABLES:. 233
Taim,.; 1 U.-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS IJY ST\TES
AND TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continucd.
Campbell, Cambel, Camhpll, Camhill, Camblo, Cambol, Camhpell, Cambplo, Campl, Canipll
Caiiiil, Camniall, Cammd Caminell, Cainpljol, Cariiplx-lls, <^Bmpl>ols, Campblll, Caropblc!
Cain|)ol. tampt'll, CaiTiplo, Camppoll, Compbell, Keiml, Komiml, Kcmmfll
Candic. Canda, Cande, Cajidy
CaiUi>lci,Cai)tfleld '.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Cannli'.Caney.Canney, Canny, Can toy, Canty
Cannon, Cannan, Cannon, Canntnc, Canon, Kannon
Cantrcl, Cantral, Cantrall, Cantrell, Can trll. Can trill !!.....!!.!.!!.!.'.'.'.!
Capon, Capin, Capon '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Capps, Cap, Capp, Caps, Kapp, Kappes '.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Capron, Capran ".
Card
CarKill, CarKal, Careel, CafEell, Cargil
Carl, Carlo, Carll, Carls, Corl
Carlisl>',Carlilo, Carlilos, Carlllse, Carlyle, CaisUle, Corllle ....!!..."."!.'!!.'!
Carlton, Carlo ton, Carlston '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Carman, Carmoan, Carir.lno, Carmon, Carrniand, Connan, Cornion. !.!!]]!] ]]"""
Cannlohacl. Cannloal, Carnilclial, Carmicheal, Camiiohol, Connichael, kcrnilchacl.
Camahan. Carnachan, Camahen, Camahon, Carnehon, Kamahan
Carnos, Cairns. Carn, Came, Cams, Kahn. Kairns, Kames, Kams !...!!!
Camoy, Camay, Cami, Camy, Kearney, Kemey, Kemy, Kimy "
Cari)onter, Carpender, Carpenter, Carpinder, Carpinter.'
Carr. Car, Cars, Corr, Kar, Karr, Kehr, Ker, Kerr, Kerrs, Kierr, Korr
Carraway , Caraway, Carriway , Carroway , Corroway
Carrier, Carier, Carriere ' '
CarrinK'ton. Carincton. Charincton, CharrinRton, Corrincton.
5.5
7.1
0.5
4.S
8.8
5.5
6.0
5.5
0.5
S.8
7.1
6.0
5.4
Carrol. Caril, Carol. Carnll. Carrel, Carroll, Carriel, Carril, Carrill, Carriot, Carrold, Carrole, C»i^
roll. Carryl, Caryl, Corrcl, Correll, Corril, Corrill, Karcll, Kerril, Kerrol
Camilhers, Caritliers, Carothers, Canitbers, Corithers, Correthers,Corruthers,Conitbers,Cruth-
crs, Ctirrathers, Currethers
Carson , Carsen
Cars well ,
Carter, Carters, Carter
CartMTicht, Cartrieht, Carttlirite, Cortright, Cortwright, Curtrlght, Kortrigbt, Kortwright . .
Carty. Canoe, Cartey,Carli6
Cani'th, Carroth, Camith
Carver, Carrver, Carvar
Carv,Cairry,Cairy, Carey, Carle
Case
Casey, Caisev, Cassee, Cassey, Casy, Caycey, Cavde
Cash
Cason.Caison, Casaun, Cassin, Casson, Chasin, Chason, Kason, Kaasan, Kasson
Caiss, Kass
Cassadv, Casaty, Cashaday, Cashady, Cashiday, Casity, Cossaday, Cassaty, Cassdy, Cassidsy,
Cassidy, Ca.-isity
Caster, Casteers, Casters, Castor, Raster
Ca!<ile, Casiell, Casle, Cassel, Cassell, Cassells, Cassels, Castel, Castell, Caslells, Castles, CastuI,
5.0
5.0,
«.2
5.«
S.1
6.1
5.1
5.3
6.7
5.3
5.6
5.7
Kassel.
Caswell . Casswell, Castwell
Cate. (ales, Kate, Kates
Calhey.Cathery, Cathy
Catlin.Catline, Catling, Cattlen, Katlin.
Calo, Caloe.
Caton, Caeton, Caiton, Caten, Catton, Katon, Keigten
Canley, Caiilley , Cawley . Cawlley , Corley, Cowlej-
Cavorly, Cal verier. Cavarlv
Chadl.biirae,Chadhom,C&adboun,Chadboum, Chad Bourn, Chadbum
Chad wick. Chadewick
ChalToe.Chafoe, Chafov.ClialTo.Chafley, Chaflv
Challin, Chafen,Ch3fTon,C)i;iirind, Chaffing, Chafin
Chains. Challice,Chp|lo.s.Chollis
Chanil.erliiin, Chain.ljerlin. Chamberlaine, Chaml>erlan.rh3mherlane.Chamberla>-n, Chamber-
lavne, Chamherlon, Chainborlin, Chamljerline, Chaml)erlinB, Chcamhcrlain, Chcaraljerlin
Cham I lors, Chaimbers, Chamber
Champion
Champlln
Chance..
Chancy, Chanoey. Chanchey, Chansoy, Chansy.
Chan. Tier, Chaniilor, Clianler, Chanlor
Chanov, Chainey, Chany
Chapiii, Chapen, Chapins
Chaplin, Chaplain, Chapline
Chapman.
Char'T'ol, Chapel, Chapell, Chaple, Chaples, Chappele, Chappell, Cbapplll, Chappie.
Charles;. Charls
Charlton. Charleton,Charlten,Chartlon,Charton
Chase. Chare, Chaise
Chatnold,Chattrield ■„•••.■
Cheatham, Chatham, Chattam, Cbattom, Chlttam, Chittem, Chittim
Chock.
Cheesboroiigh, Cheesbrouch, Cheesebrough
Chcocman, Cheasman, Checsman • • ■ ••■ - • • ~ • • •
Cheney, Cheaney, Chcany, Ctaeene, Chccncy, Cheeny, Chence, Chenney, Chenny, Cheny, Chey-
nev, Chincy, Chinnoy
Cherry, Chcr'roy, Chen- „■.:•• \i: ■ ^\: " ■" V^CUl.' '.'
Cheshire, chesor, Cheshure, Chosser, Chesshar, Chessheir, Chesshire, Chessire, Chessur
Ches: - ■
Chcsniit, Cbesnet, Chesnult, Chestnut
Chester
Chcvcr, Chaver, Cheaver, Cheever, Cheevers, Chevera.
Chew .
Chick, Chock ■--„•,
Chileoat, ChilcoaU!, Chilcot, Chilcote, Chilcott, Chillcoat, Chlllcnt . . .
Childress, Cbeldres, Cheldress, ChUders, Childres, Childnes, CluMris.
5.4
6.3
5.9
5.1
4.4
6.7
6.3
6.1
5.3
5.6
6.4
6.0
5.3
6.1
5l4
5.1
£l6
5l4
S.7
6.0
5.3
4.8
6.0
6.4
6.0
5.0
5.7
5.4
5.3
4.7
5.8
778 |3,
16
eo
22
148
23
43
98
36
62
10
59
72
121
K2
3ii
111
69
46
544
494
35
32
50
236
72
121
20
esi
107
23
Hi
1.026
340
525
92
3, aw
472
97
91
190
56
22
599
.IS
30
n. 1
48
5.1
28 ,
7.0
»
5.7
23 '
5.<
132 1
5.5
90 '
5.3
26
6.1
29
4.4
29
5.3
30
5.1
S3
6.0
21
6.7
18
5.2
24
4.6
71
iiKAbs or WAUiias.
633 22
97 ....
377 ' I
6RI
IM '
213 I
439
199 '
295 i
97
271
318 I
594 I
448 ;
IIX)
90 '
276
186
H17
2.W
144
1.12
204
23
3.S
V'O
72
351
37
205
30
158
30
IGO
116
.Wl
76
311
74
252
21
119
59
313
17
86
27
lin
47
217
19
103
32
lOl
1 »7
415
1 64
328
39
170
21
87
324
1,501
201
884
43
204
82
413
24
103
23
88
317
1.588
32
172
172
863
51
202
*» ino
I 8
K 'I
= ,
si
1 1
32
I .
30
... 9
3 ....
2 '....
14 12
2 43
64 76
3 I 6
109
306
at
10
33
74 'I4S
1
lU 1 T*
6
14 I 10
6 3
137 34
... 1
2
3 6
37 I 47
36 I 7
61 4
17 I
34 37 122
16 I 8 1 3
• 8 3
2 12 '
8 I»
12 IM
2 I 4
43
28
82 .
2
, 7
11
108 .
' 4
3
16 .
32
1
17
2
54
1
1
27
1
9 174
11 63
... 2
' 1
0 ....
2 I 9
... 10
10- 9
4 9
4
24
10
37 I
>2 i
18 I
33 I
29 '.
23
28 I
2
117
l\
16
7
10
16
6 '
18 1
II !
6
26 ■ 22
10 I
3 '
III
171
111
107
1
601
407
2
20
I
13 j
46
li
1.' I
1 I
101
iO 22
2
21
1
2
"3
3
9
13
6 S
10 . 1
...I la
M.
1
4
37
3
51 I
234
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Taui.e 111.— nomenclature, dealing with names represented by at least 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
Childs, Child, Childps, Chiles.
Chilton, Chelton, ChiUeton. ..
Chipman.
ChisoLm, Cheseham, Chesham, Cheshlom, Chesholm, Chisham, Chisholm, Chism, Chisom, Chis-
sum, Chisum
Chittenden, Chitendon, Chittendon, Chittenten, Chittenton, Chittington
Choate, Choat, Chote
Christian, Christain, Christein, Christen, Christians, Christiansc, Crestian, Crestianse, Cristian,
Cristine.
Christie, Christee, Christey, Christy, Criste, Cristee, Cristie, Cristy .
Christopher, Christifor, Christophers, Cristopher
Church .
Churchill, Churchcl, Churchell, Churchhill
CiUey, Celley, Celly, Cilly, Selley, Sillea, Silley, Silly, Sily
Cisscll, Cecil, Cecill, Cissel, Cissii, Cissill, Coecil, Sissel, Sissell, Sissol.
Claflin, Cleffland
Clagett, elegit
Clap, Clapp, Klapp
Clardy.
Clark, Clarck, Clarke, Clarkes, Clarks, Cleark, Clerk, Clerke
Clarkson, Clackson, Clarkston, Clarkton
Clary, Clarey, Cleary, Cleery
Ciawson, Clausen, C'lauson, Clossen, Closson
Clay, Clays
Claypole, Claj-pool, Claypoole
Clayton, Clatbn, Claytons, Cleaton, Cleton, Cleyton
Cleaver, Clever
Cleaves, Claves, Cleavs, Cleeves, Cleves
Cleland, Clayland, Clealand, Cleelan, Cleeland, Clolon, Cleyland
Clements, Ciemence, Clemens, Clement, Clementz, Clemings, Clemins, Clemmans, Clemmence,
CIcmmens, Clemment, Clemments, Clemniings, Clcmmins, Clemmon, Clemmons, Clemen,
, Clemonds, Clemons, Clemont, Clemonts
Clendenin, Clandennen, Clandenning, Clendenan, Clendenen, Clendening, Clendennan, Clen-
dennin, Clendinan, Clendinen, Clendinnen, Clindenon, Clindinin, Clyndimiin
Cleveland, Clavland, Cleaveland, Cleavland, Cleeveland, Clevland
Clifford, Clellord, Cleford, Cliford
Chft, Cleft, Clifl
Clifton, Cliflton
■ Climer, dimmer, Clymer, Klimer
Cline, Clein, Clyn, Clyne, Klein, Klien, Kline, Klyn, Klyne !
Clinton, Clentan, Clenton, Clindon
Close, Clothes, Clowes, Clowse, Klose, Klosz
Cloud.
Clough.Clow
Clute '..'.'.'.'.'.'.
Coats, Coat, Coates, Cotes
Cobl), Cob, Cobbs, Cobs, Kob, Kobb, Kolb
Coble, Cobble, Cobill "l[\[\\'.'.'.['.]\'.
Cobum, Cobcrn, Coborn, Cobourn, Coboume, Coburas '."'.'.'.'.
Cochran, Cochrin, Cochron, Cockerin, Cockeron, Cockran, Cockrane, Cockrin, Cockron, Cocran,
Cokron
Cock, Cocke, Cocks, Coks, Koch, Kock
Cockrell, Cocheril, Cochrell, Cockaril!, Cockerill, Cockral, Cockril, Cockroli.
Coe, Co .
Coffee, Cotfe, Coffey, Cofly.Corfey
Coflield, Cofield ..'. '.[.'.'.\\"'.['.\\]'.\\]]]
Coffin, Coffen, Coffins .' . "
Coggin, Coggen, Coggins
Cogswell, Coggeshal, Coggeshall, Coggshall, Coggswell, Coggwell, Cogliil'l, Cogshall, "coEshelU
Cogswill, Cogwell, CogwiU '
Cohen, Cohan, Coheen, Cohn, Cohon, Cohone, Cohorn, Cohun, Koens Koghen '
Coil, Coile, Coils, Coyal, Coyel, Coyl, Coyle, Koil, Koils, Koyl, Koyle .
Colt, ■"■
Coker, Coaker, Cocah, Cocar, Cocker '.'.'.'.[".
Colbraith, Colbreath, Colbrith, Colebroth, Collbreath, Culbratti, Cuilireath.
Colburn, Colborn, Colbourn, Colburne, Colebourn, Coleburn, Coulburn
Colby, Colbe6,Colbey,Coleby
Colcord .
Cole, Coal, Coale, Coals, Coles, Cowle, Cowles, Cowls
Colegrove, Coldgrove, Colgrove, Coolgrove
Coleman, Coalman, Coalsraan, Colaman, Colemand, Coienien, Colemon
Coley, Coaley, Coalley, Colley, Colly, Coly
Coller, Coaler, Coallaf, Cola, Coler, Collar, Collars, Coliers,'coliour, Colour, Khoier' KoileV
Collier, Colier,Collear, Colliar,Collyer,Colyer,Cullier '
Collins, Colene, Colens, Colin, Colings, Colins, Collans, Coliens, Coil'ienVcoliin'Coliine' ColViniV
Collons . J &. *» "6o,
Colman, Collman, Colmon, Coltman, Coolman " ]
Colson, Coleson, Collison, CoUisson, CoUson, Coisin, Coulson
Colt, Coltes, Colts
Colton, Calton. Coletin, Coletton, Colten, Coiilton '.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Colvin, Caldvin, Calvan, Calvin, Colven '.'.'.I" '..'.["'.][[]
Combs, Comb, Combe. Combes, Com bess ,'.'.'..'..'.
Comer, Comber, Commer .'.".".".".".".*,'
Comfort, Komfort '.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Comley, Comely, Comly ]
Compton, Cainpton. Kamptom, Komton '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Comstock, Compstock, Comstach, Comstack, Comstal'kVComstoik, Ciiinstaek ciimsticic" "
Conant, Connant
Condall, Condal, Condle, Congdel, Congdell, Congdolli Cuiidai, Ciindeli
Cone, Cones, Kone, Kohn
Coney, Conee, Cony
Congdon, Condan, Conden, Condine, Condon, Congden!
Conger, Congo, Congor
Conkey
8.9
4.6
5.5
6.0
4.8
5.5
5.4
5.2
6.1
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.7
6.2
5.5
6.3
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.1
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.1
5.7
5.8
5.4
4.7
5.8
5.7
6.3
5.2
5.4
5.8
4.9
5.1
6.0
5.7
5.1
5.9
5.8
4.7
6.2
6.1
S.5
6.4
5.9
5.5
5.0
5.8
5.3
6.0
4.8
5.2
6.2
5.4
4.7
6.1
5.5
6.3
5.6
5.4
5.9
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.4
6.4
5.6
6.6
5.3
6.0
5.5
5.6
6.2
7.1
5.8
5.9
5.5
6.3
5.9
5.7
5.6
6.2
6.2
226
29
47
28
53
52
78
71
31
231
124
39
31
29
32
178
19
2,442
28
48
28
78
25
101
25
32
21
277
27
149
76
21
43
29
202
35
45
36
142
35
105
311
29
96
192
125
21
117
44
22
212
21
131
29
31
30
32
31
80
153
19
793
29
307
68
60
107
625
41
48
18
77
77
102
31
20
17
43
116
122
19
100
20
71
21
18
1,110
104
210
141
203
232
344
296
157
1,116
671
172
147
150
144
936
86
11.324
122
198
124
347
112
418
117
155
93
1,271
101
710
355
112
180
128
961
135
185
181
671
145
510
1,497
106
502
970
559
92
674
200
89
1,024
91
653
110
130
155
140
116
404
687
100
3,657
129
1,489
310
276
466
2,778
220
219
100
339
385
455
144
103
103
206
565
551
101
488
93
327
109
93
HEADS OF FAUIUES.
79
31
25
39
7
1
8
8
4 .
65
23
10
Table 111.
GENERAL TABLES. 035
-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT TUE FIRST CENSIS: 17'J0-<ontinued.
Conklin. Conchlln, Concklln, Conckllne, ConcUn, Coneklin, Conklui, ConUen, ConUlne
Conkllng
Conn, Con, Cons ],]
Connel, Conals, Connal, Connell, Conniel .\.. .WW] ..]..[.[
Conner, Conar, Coner, Connar, Conners, Connor, Connows '. '.
Connolly, Conaldv, Coniilly, Coneley, Concly, Conley, Conly, Connals, Connaliyrr'onnaiy,
Conncley, Coniiplley, Connelly, Connely, Connerley, Connerlly, Connerly,Connoley,Conno'l-
lee, Connoly, ConuUey, Conolly, Conoly
Conrad , Conrade, Conrad t, Conrod, Coniodt, Koonrod i !!!....... i ! i !!! i i !!!] i i !!!!!!!! !
Converse, Con ver, Convers '.[V.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'.'.,
convus, Conves, convis "!!.'!!!!!"!!.'!!!!!!!!]!!]!!!!!!!!!
Conway, Canaway, Canoway, Canwey, Conaway, Conneway, Conoway.. !!!!!!.!!!!! !.!!!!!!!!!
Cook, Cootk, Cooke, Cookes, Cooks [,],
Cookey, ('ookseey, ("ooksy './/.'.'.'.'.'.'.',',','.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'..
Cool, Coole, Coul, Coule
Cooley , Coolie, CoolUy , Coolly , Cooly
Coollage, Cooladge, Coolage, Cooledge, Cooleg ,
Cooml>es, ("oorabs, Coomes, Cooms
Coomer, Coomber, Cumber, Cummer, Cummlr '
Coon, Coonce, Coone, Coones, Coons, Coonse, Coonts, Coonti, Koon, Koooce, Koone, Koons,
Koonse, Koontz
Cooper, Coopi)er
Cope, Cop, Copes, Copp, Coppes, Copps, Cops
Copeland, Copelan, Co|)elln. Copland, Coplen, Coplln
Corbet, Carbit, Corbert , Corbett, Corblt, Corblte, Corbltt, Corbutt
Corbin, Corban, Corl>en, Corbom
Cordwell, Cardwell, Cordwall, Cordwlll
Corey, Coery, Correy, Corrle, Corry. Cory
Corless, Carlis, Carloss, Corlas, Corlies, Corlls, Corliss
Cornelius, Camelus, Conrlir.s, Comoilas, Comeleise, Cornell, Cornelias, Comelies, Coraelk», COr-
neiious, Comelis, Comelus, Cumelus
Cornell, Comal, Comale, Corneall, Cornel
Coming, Comin
ComLsh , Camish , Comis
Comwell , Comwal, Cornwall, Corawel, Comwlll
Corson, Coarson, Corsen, Corsson, Couison
Cottingham
Cottle, Cotle, Cottcl, CottiUe
Cotton, Cot tawn, Cotten, Cottin, Cottins, Cottons
Cottroll, Cotral, Cotrall, Cotrel, CotrcU, Cotrill, Cottrel, Cottril
Couch , Cauch , Coutch
Coulter, Coaller, Colter
Council, Councel, Councill, Counsel, Counsell, Counsil
Cotmlryman, Countcrynian, Countyman, Cuntreman, Ctmtryman
Courtney, Coatney, Coltney, Cortany, Cortney -
Cousins, Cosine, Cosins, Cousens, Couslnes, Couzlns, Coten, Coiens, Cotlne, Couens, Coulns,
Covcll, Coval, Covall, Covalt, Covel, Covels, CovU, Covile, Covill.
Covenhoven, Covenhaven
Covert .
Covey, Covy
Covington, Cooventon, Covenlon, Covinton.
Cow, Cowe, Cowes, Cows, Kow, Eows
Coward .
Cowden, Cawden, Cowdln
Cowdry, Caudry, Coudry, Cowdre, Cowdrey
Cowell, Cowel, towels, CowUl
Cowcn, Cowan, Cowans, Cowens, Cowhan, Cowin, Cowing.
Cox, Coxe, Coxs
Coy, Cove.
Crabb, Crab, Crabbs, Crabe
Craddook, Craddack, Cradock, Cradok
Craft, Crafd, Crafft, Crafts, Krafit, Kraft ■ ■ _•.•••>.
Craig, Craag, Cracg, Crag, Crage, Cragg, Craggs, Crags, Crague, Craige, Cralgg, Craigs, Creag,
Creg, Cregg, Creig, Creigh, Kreig
Cram, Cranuncs, Krains ■• -■ ■_>
Cramer, Crama, Crammer, Crammr, Cramor, Cramore, Creamer, Creamorc, Cromer, Kraemer,
Kniltncr, Kramer, Kreamer, Kremer
Crandal, Cran.ljll, Crandel, Crandell, Crandle, Crandol
Crane, Crain, Cralne
Cranston , Cransi in, Cranton
Crary, Cralry, Creary
Craven. Cravens, Cravin, Cravins w •;■•.• v. . ".' ";-■ "J-i — ' H.LVi;.^'
Crawford, Crafard, Craferd, Crafferd, Craflord, Cratord, Craufurd, Crawloot, Crawlort, cronord,
Crofoot, Croford, Crowfoot, Crow/ord, Crw ford
Creekniorr, Crcekmore
Cregar, Craiger, Creager, Cregier, Creiger v; • %• • -^l; " ■ i'.
Creighton, Cratens, Craton, Crayton, Creaton, Creiton, Cretin, Crlegn ton
Crenshaw.
Crcsscy, Creascy.'CreasK Crecy, Creesey, Crecsy, Cresce, Cresey, Cressy, Cricsseo
Crews, Crew, Croos, Cruise, Cmlze, Cruse, Kmse - . ■ •■■•■•• ,>■;••"■■ rViU^ii'
Crisnian, Chrlsman, Chrismon, Christman, Crismond, Crissman, Cristtnan, Krlsmnn, Krlstman,
Krit^man
Crisp.
Crist, Christ. Crice, Crisc, Krist ■ . ■ — ■ ■: ■ ■ ■ . ■ ■ ■• v,- ■,;;,■ 'j-' VvirVinViAn'
Critienton. Chrittcnden, Chrittenton. Crittenden, Crlttendon, Crittenten, Criltlnden, CrItUndon,
Criltinton
Crocker, Crocar, Croker
Crocket. Crockett, Crocklt, Croket -•-• ,v V^i.VJ.'.ilii'
Cromwell, Crommel, Crommell, Cromvell, Cromwel, CnimueU, cramweu
Cronkhite,Cronkite!!.
Crooks, Crook, Crooke a- ••: X ' V.' ' V-".^!.'.'.; ' rsU.hi
Crosby, Crosbav, Crosbe, Crosbea, Crosbee, Crosbey, Crosbie, Crossbay, CroiDy
Crosman, Crossinan, Crossmen, Krosman ;
i.6
6.4
fi.4
S.2
S.7
S.5
6.9
S.4
4.0
6.6
6.3
6.1
5.7
6.0
5.6
6.8
6.0
6.6
5.C
6.7
5.2
SO
5.7
6.7
6.0
5.1
6.5
5.0
4.0
6.4
5.7
b.l
6.6
6.4
6.0
6.5
5.2
4.9
5.9
4.9
6.7
6.1
6.0
6.6
6.0
6.0
6.2
61
6.1
6.4
60
6.7
6.7
S.S
5.4
6.0
6.6
5.1
6.0
6.7
5.8
5.8
S.S
6.3
61
5.6
4.6
5.8
4.5
4.8
5.7
4.0
5.0
5.6
63
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.1
6.3
6.4
6.8
6.8
6.6
|:
i
g
1
£
g
s
b
1
1
210
040
42
185
29
128
228
053
107
508
05
429
S3
268
16
86
67
221
1,065
4,747
■-•0
106
27
1.19
119
S64
46
225
66
254
17
06
234
1,172
668
2,635
66
304
123
674
67
237
84
408
31
145
147
684
17
84
40
200
110
407
25
101
45
174
134
691
36
160
17
86
30
180
130
675
35
170
68
303
41
172
29
114
22
107
29
113
68
275
56
285
18
00
31
142
27
134
41
206
18
03
18
01
20
101
24
105
23
114
140
658
603
2,3.19
20
125
28
124
30
176
121
556
217
888
73
3U0
no
513
172
828
197
942
26
117
27
144
22
112
377
21
!.■>
34
20
28
luS
44
206
70
271
72
355
20
80
50
315
61
3113
ino
754
44
222
40
251
16
65
23
125
68
324
208
090
54
247
HSAM or rAwuxii.
60
1 •■
o I 8
2
III
1
6
.... I
.... le
31
1
,...| 2
60 172
0 64
3 36
2 12
... 4
...I 1
6 41
... 2
2 28
...I 13
3 I 17
16
20
18
IS
13
1
7
15 16
17
2 I 27
8 7
... 7
0 3
2 2
1 I 11
2 32
11 I 1
...I 6
6 I 27
62
.Ml
10 ; »
^1 *
46 31
26 28
66 g
1 ....
0 17
96 44
66 ' 34 '
27
16 I 3
66 134
*' i
....I 2
3 6
106 I SO SO 102
21
24
107
2 I 3
9 37
13
5
3
6
301 26
,...! 24
13 ....
10 2
... 26
... 1
8 26
4 U
t S
10 1
236
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 1 1 1 -NOMEiNCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
Cross, Crose
Crout^h , Croutch
Crouse, Croiis, Kraus, Krause, Kjauss, Krous, Krouse
Crow , Croe, Crowe, Crows
Crowder, Crouder
Crowell, Croel, Crowall, Crowel
Crowl, Craull. Crawl, CroU, Crouel, Croul, Krawl, Kroll, Krowl
Crowson, Croasen, Crosen, Crossan, Crossen, Crossin, Crosson, Crousan
Crozer, Croseir, Croser, Crozier
Crum, Crom, Cromb, Crome, Croom, Crooms, Crumb, Crume, Cmmm, Krom, Krome, Krum..
Crump, Crumpts
Cryder, Creider, Crider
Cudworth, Codwortli
Culbertson, Calbertson, Colberson, Colbertson, Colbeson, Cubbertson, Culberson
Cullev, Cullee. Cully
Cullins. Culi'ii. Culin, Culins, CuUan, Cullen, Cullin, Cullings
Culp. Culpt. Kulp
Culpeper, Culpepeper, Culpepper
Culver .
Cunimings. Comins, ComlDgs, Comins. Commings, Coromins, Cumin, Cumine, Cuming, Cum-
ings. Cumins, Cuiimien, Cumniin, Cumming, Cummins
Cunningham, Coningham, Conygham, Conyngham. Cunengham. Cunhingham, Cunigam, Cuni-
gan, Cuningham, Cuninghame, Cunnigam, Cunninghame, Cunninham, Kuningham, Kunning-
ham..
Curie, Curl, Kearl, Keerls, Keirle, Kerl, Kirl, Kurl
Currier, Courier
Curry, Curray , Currey, Currie, Cury
Curt«n, Certain, Certin, Curtain, Curtin, Curtins, Kerton..
Curtis, Ciutes. Curtess, Curtice, Curtise, Curtiss, Curtiz
Curwin, Curvin, Curwen
Cushing, Cushln, Cushion, Cushon
Cushman, Cusman. Kushman
Custard, Custerd , Custord, Kustard
Cutler, Cutlar. Cuttler
Cutt. Cuts, Cutis, Kutz
Cutter
Cutting, Cuting, Cuttin
Daggett, Dagett, Daggart, Dagget, Daggot
Dailey, Daily, Daley, Dalley, Dally, Daly, Dayley, Dayly
Dakins, Dakin
Daland, Dealand, De Land, Deland
Dale, Dail, Dails, Dales
Dalrymple, Dalrimple, Danmiple, Dilrimple
Dalton, Dolton
Dame, Dames
Dameron, Damerin, Dammeron, Damron
Damon, Daman, Dammon, Daramons, Dammun, Damons, Dayman
Dana, Danee, Daner, Danna, Danner, Danor, Danow
Dane, Dain, Daine, Dains, Danes, Dayns
Danforth, Danford, Danfort, Dantforth '.[/.'.'.'.'.'.
Daniels, Dancle, Danels, Danial, Daniel, Daniell, Daniells, Danil, Daniles, Danils, Dannei, Dan-
nels, Danniels, Dannold, Danolds
Dann, Dan.
Darby. Darbay, Darbe, Darbey, Derbe, Derbey, Derby
Darden, Dardan, Dardin, Dardon, Dawden
Darling. Dorlimr
Darlington. Darlenton. Darlinton
Damall, Darnal, Darnel, Darnell, Damil, Damull
Darrow, Darough, Darragh, Darrah, Darrar, Darro, Darrough, Dorrali, Borrow
Dart.
Davenport, Deavenport, Debenport, Devanport, Dcvanporte, Devenport, Devensport, Devin-
port, Devonport
David , Davids [[[[
Davidson, Davcrson. Davlnson, Davison, Davisson, Deverson, Dividson! !
Davie, Davey, Davy '[
Davis, Daves, Davice, Davies, Davise, Daviss ' ,' ,"
Dawes, Daugh, Daw, Daws, Dawse '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Dawkins, Darkins '.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.
Dawley, Dawly, D ' Orlie. Dowly "."."!!!!]!!!!
Dawson, Dauson, Dorsen, Dors'on [[[
Day, Days, Deay, Dey, Deye '."'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.["
Dayton. Daten, Daton, Dattnn
Deal, Deale, Deals, Dccl, Dcele, Dehl, Delhi, Dell, Deiil.Diei! ..!...! !
Dean. Deanc, Dcanes, Deans, Deen, Deens, Diens ["[
Dear, Deare, Dears, Deer, Deir
Dearborn, Dcarhen, Dearbin, Dearbon, Dearbome. Derban, Derborn
Dearing, Doaron, Dearens, Dearran, Deering, Dering. Derrin, Derring
Deaver, Dcavor, Deavour. Deever, Deevers, Dever, Devers, Deves, Devirs
Decker, Deckir, Dicker, Dickers
Dedrick, Dcadrieh, Dcatrich, Dederick, Dedrich, Deedrick/Dee'drik,' bei'dk'Deidrich DeidVick
Dcitrick, Dorttrick, Detrick, Didrich, Didrick, Dietrich, Dietrick.. -^eiaricn, ueianck.
Dees, Deas, Dee, Deess, Deis
Deford .
Deforest, Dcllorrcst, D'Fcrest, De Forest, Detorist, D'Forrest,DeFOTest,'Deforrest;buforrfet'
De Grove.
Dehaven , Dchea von [
De La Mater, Delamater, De Le Mater ]
Delaney, Delahny, De Laney, Delanoy, Delany, DeleneyibeienyVDelonayVDelbnT' Delunev
Dulany, Du Launy ■" •^•""cj,
Delano, Dclanna. De I.aNoix, Deleno, Drlino. Dellano, beliinoibiYMo,"bYleno Dilenow'Di'liinn
DiUanoe. Dilleno, Dillenor, Dilliner, Dillino, DiUinor ! .i^"eu",i'uenow,uiiiano,
Delinger, Delinges, Dellinger, Dillinger
Deloacb, Deeloach, De Loach, Deloatch
5.9
5.7
5.9
5.7
6.2
5.7
S.6
5.3
5.9
5.6
6.3
5.8
6.0
7.1
5.7
4.4
5.8
4.7
5.6
5.7
6.2
5.6
5.1
5.9
5.8
5.6
6.2
6.3
5.4
6.2
6.0
5.4
5.4
6.9
5.1
7.3
5.1
6.4
5.3
6.4
5.0
4.0
5.1
6.4
5.1
5.6
5.4
5.9
4.8
5.0
5.6
7.3
5.5
5.6
5.0
6.1
6.6
5.7
4.3
6.6
5.6
6.4
5.4
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.2
5.6
6.3
6.2
5.4
5.4
6.2
6.1
6.5
6.1
5.4
6.7
6.3
6.0
6.2
6.9
5.6
237
50
47
101
30
123
31
19
20
100
38
40
26
60
23
26
60
28
HI
275
25
147
167
22
592
37
125
103
27
133
37
63
54
68
115
19
20
63
23
41
43
26
76
52
42
99
385
27
110
47
143
15
28
62
56
207
41
263
26
2,575
45
18
37
175
373
77
113
484
23
74
54
41
1,159
237
230
475
157
581
138
81
98
461
201
193
126
304
109
84
240
103
510
1,538
1,293
129
680
650
107
2,812
169
656
541
120
689
185
280
238
332
467
120
82
232
99
182
171
79
315
281
173
452
1,677
133
422
190
653
94
127
286
224
1,049
188
1,241
86
11,725
204
79
161
823
1,691
356
586
2,229
98
382
236
181
207
176
81
136
154
106
209
481
97
91
23
12
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
26
30
29
19
36
15
15
57
57
18
64
13 20 33
4 11
68
28
18
23
21
27
12
12
53
GENERAL TABLES.
237
Tahlk 1 1 l.-NOMENCLATURE DEALING WITH NAMKS KErUESKNTEI. BY AT LEAST 100 VMIITE PERSONS IIY ST VTE8
AND TERKITORIES, AT THE FIRST CIV <l< ■: • n,;, I «>v^-> B. d i » j ai ts
Delonc, Dclon. De Long
Demorist, Demarcst, Oimrpst " [ ' '
Doiiuri tt. Demerit. Demerri t. Bcinerri it
Deniing, Deman, Demcn, Uemman, Dcramans. DemmcnrUeinining/Demmlns/Dcmnw
Deinpsey. Dempsay. Dempsy, Dcmsey.'Dcmsv.' DimMcv. tMmsev.DVmsy Dincy
Demson, Dcnerson. Denlston. Dcnnerson, Denneson, Dcnnlson. Dennlsson. OcnnistoiiVDenion
Ifint'ston, Dinnison '
Pennet . Dennett. Denni t '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.
Denning. Dcneen. Denin, Denlne, Denneni'Dcnnln! binin.'DVnnon.Dlnnlng
Dennis. Dcnais, Deneas, Denis. Dennise. Deanlss, Dcnnyoe, Dincss, Dlnnis
Denny. Denney, Dcnnlc, Deny, Dinny
Dent. Den tz
Denton !.""!".!!!!!!!!"!!".!!!!!!!"""[.' *
De I'uy, Deepu, De Pew, Depew, Depue, Dupey, bupolsrbupu, biipueyVbupuis, Dupuy,
Derr, Duit " ''''.'.''''.*.*.*'.'.'.'.'.''."."'.'.*.".''."
De-shon, Deshang, Deshann, Deshong, Dislion, bishong.bisliorii...... !!...'.'.'.".. .!!!'.
Devane. Devan, Devans. Devaughan, Devanghn, Devonii. Divan. Divans !!.."!!
Deverecix, Davarax, Deaverlux. Deavorix. Deliereaux, Devereaux, Deverlck.Devericksi beveiix,
Deviro. Devorex. Devorix, De>Teaux, Divoriix
De Vine. Devine, Divine ..!..!!....!!........
Devne. Defoe, Devaiigti, Devaux, Devoo, Devooe, Devoux. VeVow. ......... ..................
Devore, Devar, Devarr, Devoir, Devoor. Devor, Devour, Devov, Devoyer, Dvoure
Dew. Dews, Doux, Dne, Dues, Duess, Duse !
Dev.-ees, Deweese, Deweeze, Dewcse, Duwees !!!.!!!!!!
Dewey. Dewav. Dewc. Dewj', Duae, Dnav, Duvee
Db Witt. Dewett, Dewhit, Dewiglit, Dewit, De'Wite, Dewitt, Duet, Duett, Duewit '.'
Dexter, Dextar, Dcxtor
De Yoo, Deo, De Veo, De Yo, Deyo, De Yos
DIbl.le. Dllibeil. Diljbill, Dibol [."""[W.
Dicli. I)icl;e. Diclies. Dielts, Dix
Dickens, Declrins, Dicken, Dicklns, Diking, Dykins : ,
Dickennan ,
Dickey, Dickie, Diekkey, Dicky' [[..."]"[["".
Dickinson, Deckarson, Deckerson, Deckison, Dicingson, Dickason, Dickenson, DIckemson,
Dickerson, Dickeson. Dickison, Dickoson, Dikerson, Diklngson ,
Diehl, Dial, Diail. Dile. Dioi. Dval, Dvali, Dvel, Dvle ,
Diet?,. Deals, Deetz, Deits, Deili, Dits ,
Diggs, Deggc, Degges. Deig, Digges
Dike, Dikes, Dvche, Dyches, Dyek, Dyke, Dykes
Dili. I>ille. Dilis ,
Diilanl. Dilliard. Diivard ,
Dillir. Deliow, Dilia.'Diliar. Dillo, Dilor ,
DilUngliam, Deicniiaiii. Deliingiiam, Diiinbam, Dillenhara, Dllllnhazn
Dillon. Dillon. Dillen. Dlilin. Dilllns, Dillion, Dillyen ,
Dilworlh, Del wortli, Dilsworth
Diinniick, Damock, Demlck, Demmaclc, Deinmich, Denmiick, Dcmock, Dimack, Dimick,
Dimniik, Dimniock, Dimmuck, Dimoclc , Dymrx-k, Dymnck
Dinionil, Dlamen, Dlamon, Diamond, Diman. Diniand, Diment, DImmon, Dlmon, Dj-mond...
Dingtiian, Dingliinan
Dinsinore. Denseniore. Densmor*
Disbrow, Desbrow, De.sehorough
Dilwiler. Deatwlier. Dedwalier, Dettwiler, Detwaller, Detweiler, Detwller, DetwlUer, DltvUer..
Diver. I)iv;us. Dhcrs, Dives. Divese
Dixon, Dickson, Dixcon, Dixson .'
Doane, Doan '.
Dol liins, Doljbin, Dobins, Doblons, Dobyns
Dobbs, Dob, Dobt), Dobs
Dolison, Dabson, Dobbson, Dobston
Dockslader
Dodd, Dod, Dodds, Dods
Dodge, Daiige, Dodg, Doge, Doudpe, Douge
Dodson, Dot5on, Dotsons, Dottson
Doe, Dongh
Doggel t, Dogget, Doggot
Dole, ■ Doles
Dolson, Daliison, Dailson. Dolen.son, Dolison. Doiiarson.Dollasson, Dollison, Dolsen
Donald. Donalds, Donnald. Donnalds. Dornald
Donaldson. Donaleson. Donaison. Donelson. Donillson. Donnaldson, Donnalson, Donnelson
Donally. Donaldlv. Donaley, Donaiy, Doneily, Donciy, Dunley, Donly, Donnalay, Donnally,
Doncllv, Donneiv, Donolly
Donnal, Donals, Donell, Donnel, Donnell, Donnels ■■ — ■.
Donohii. Dnnaho. Doneliew, Donehugh, Donnahough, Donnehow, Donnehue, Donnlnue, Dono-
hue. Doiioiighne. Dunahoe, Dunayhew, Dunnaho, Dunnahoe, Dunnahoo, Dimnehoe, Dunoho. .
Don(i\ an. 1 )onavan, Donnovan
Dool i 1 1 le. Dili i Hie. .
Door. Doar. Doer. Doerr. Doore, Dor, Dorr, Dors ^
Dorati. Dorans, Doren, Dorin, Doron, Duran, Duren, Durene, Durin, Duron, Durran, Durren...
Donn an, Dormon, Donnood
Dorrani-e, Dorrence
Dorsey, Darsey, Dawsey, Dorcey, Dossey
Doss, Doz
Doty, Doaty, Dody, Dota, Dote, Dotee, Dotey, Dotty
Doud, Dowd, Dowds , i,- • • ■ : v i^ Cli: ' 't<J^V^.^' '
Dougherlv, Daughadav, Daughertv, Daughity, Daughtery, Daughtrey, Daughtry, Dawterry,
Dogharty, Doglieriv". Dohartee. Dohartv. Dohatey, Dohertio, Doherty. Doheley, Doboty,
Doratha. Doraty, Dnretv. Doriiordv, Dorithy. Dorothy. Duugharty, Dougbety
Douk'hty, Dout)l V, Doughle, Doiighlee, Doutey, Douty, Dowiy. .......... •■■■■••• y,;:;,- ■ ••
Dongiiiss, Doughlas. Doiighlass, Douglas, Dougles, Dougless, Douglis. Duglas, Dugtass, Dugles.
Dugless, Duglis, Dugliss
Dove
Dow, Douw, Dowe, Dowes. Dowse
Dowdv, Doudey, Doudy, Dowdey
i
vnkh.
muDB or rxMiLUM.
1
1
<
1
1
3
(9
a
....
7
17
3
2
e
s.
•t
&
is
4
6
10
"i'
5
1
"i
14
10
"s
2
1
-
24
16
1
24
1
3
42
IV
2
SO
39
1
a
a
i:
12
"6"
8
'4"
4
A
1
>
....
"2
s
i
"i'
"«'
18
j
5
1
0.3
41
29
19
1S9
28
157
28
25
174
98
47
as
87
37
22
19
31
22
41
28
35
17
1.10
79
107
34
73
127
42
32
79
351
31
23
29
45
m
45
23
39
48
27
65
63
21
49
19
18
16
376
83
56
17
35
14
79
346
83
35
31
44
22
26
76
41
25
26
19
100
At
28
49
18
104
18
80
61
162
73
296
24
200
35
219
128
89
673
113
792
153
100
705
4«5
201
391
305
201
82
97
119
78
192
128
128
70
640
387
m
170
3«B
541
146
144
379
1,702
1.50
102
127
222
2>0
210
104
194
210
135
316
263
107
268
104
90
100
1,614
391
245
103
HO
m
412
1,712
421
163
133
217
107
109
396
146
115
99
83
444
222
141
212
87
499
105
367
216
698
333
1,362
100
944
151
,1
^^~
6.3
5.7
an
43
1
5
"i
30
7
1
82
....
....
«.o
as
io'
68
ii'
4,2
R,7
7
17
15
10
26
8
6
ii'
3
12
2
U
1
4
19
IS
32
2
■4'
1
1
4
3
1
3
6
"i'
12
4
14
14
....
1
2
4
B
4
20
24
8
11
■■«■
4
7
1
1
■"9
1
4
1
B
4
i
3
3
.1.3
,■> *
1
6
2
2
a A
fl.4
4,7
S
4
"3'
9
12
36
1
fi 1
1
..>■
4 8
2
....
1
1
12
I
I
a
a
4
8
«
4 A
« 7
«fl
....
4 7
A. 1
«.n
....
7
30
39
2
1
22
32
3
14
46
8
34
19
11
15
1
to
A n
1
3
IS
m
4
6
6
47
n n
*"
6.0
1
3
3
6
2
4
2
14
4
16
ii'
96
....
....
1
1
15
67
*'
6,3
4. A
36
12
10
3
16
17
"
A. 2
"s
2
1
1
9
4
S.8
5.8
A n
35
34
16
14
1
1
21
17
6
I
6
3
7
1
32
2
ii'
7
i?'
1
14
36
4
2
3
ii'
24
3
11
A. 4
6
A 4
....
S t
^
7
14
6
a
1
3
7
"a
A 1
2
A 7
4
A A
1
....
"4'
6
18
A n
B
1
20
2
1
A 4
8
20
....
4
4
18
8
a
1
4
u
1
B
4
8
1
A 0
A.«
....
7
14
S
17
12
"»
29
8
6
8
17
6
A. 2
A 1
t
....
A A
7
21
6
8
1
13
1
A A
1
6.1
7 3
2
13
41
1
1
36
7
6
7
6
14
7
61
1
3
83
13
10
8
46
1
41
1
98
6
30
3
B
'
S.3
5.7
10
6
1
8
6
18
11
23
A 4
1
11
2
8
7
7 1
2
3
1
6
1
5.0
4
7 4
A ?
2
28
16
119
2
is"
7
20
14
3
6
•
ii'
3
16
44
2
U
U
34
12
13
3
M
S
14
5.9
6.1
50
16
1
1
A 7
17
13
2
2
5.3
14
30
2
1
5.9
6
2
1
13
3
U
4
5.9
4
13
30
30
4
3
1
1
3
4
....
'
5.2
1
3
5
&2
1
1
1
3
s
6
1
3
11
B
4
3
8
4.0
1
6.6
3
1
19
1
6
1
4.8
6 4
....
2
10
1
2
1
2
4
16
6
3
6
7
3
10
■ s'
2
6
6
3
6
1
1
"i'
"7
66
3
4
18
9
1
1
54
69
5.3
58
1
8
6
"3'
3
I
7
a
3
1
S.8
7
86
3
U
4
1
B
7
40
»
30
3
as'
a
as
3
4
»
14
54
1
a
5.6
1
t
8
17
8
3
2
17
6
36
"i
a
23
1
41
3
6
36
32
12
I
S.2
1
14
1
14
4
27
43
8
3
4
5.3
5.6
2
10
17
1
10
t
S.S
6.2
6
8
12
...
39
1
14
26
3
67
6S
20
107
S
..*.
1
S
238 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
T^rr ., * V.T7Q RFPRFSENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
T.B.. 111.-N0MENCLATUBE. DEAUNG WrrH^NA^^^^^^^^ ,,90-Continued.
Downer ■• K":,:.^^'
Downey, Douney, Dowency Downy
Downing, Downen, Downend....
Downs, Douns, Down, Downe, Downes
g^^^'^S^i^?^^.^e;gS^;Doy%Doyi:::::::;
Drake, Drack, Dreack, Dreiek ■■
Draper
Dreadon, Drayton
Dresser, Dresher, Dresser
Drew, Drue
Drinkwater, Drinkworter •
Driver -■•-
Drown, Drownd, Drowne
Drum, Drom, Droora
Drummond, Drummon . . .^ i< ■.■;■„
Drury, Drewery, Drewry. Drurey, Drurye .
g™g;i^SrBoisjS^,D^s.D;r6Si^Duboise,Dubos.Dab^
Ell^ri)ewSi^au;De;^i;"D^eii;buaii;;::::::::::-:^^
Dufl
Dutfey, Duflee, Duffle, Duffy.
Duffleld, Duileld^ Dufield..^.^^^. .^.^.^^^. .^.^^^^- ■^■^^^- D-gi^/iJuggins, Duging, Dugins. .
Dugan, Doogan,
Duke, Duk, Dukes a -,, -•■;-;• i
Dul.
Du Mont 'Damont; bemond,- bemont, DuMond, Dumond, Dumong, Dumont
Dunaway, Donaway, Dunnenway, Dunneway, Dunway
Dunkle.'bunc'kleVbungiU, Dunkel, DunkeU ■
Dunlap, Dunlop
Dunn, Done, Dones, Dun, Dune
Dunnavant, Dunaphant, Dunavant Dunnivant ..... ---■•■-•■
Dunning, Doning, Dunin, Dunmg, Dunnen, Dunnm, Dunnon
gJIrnvSid^^D ™wSdre!'Senw-idie; Dinwedoe,- binwiddle; Dinwody; Dinwoody; -bunwiddee,
Dunwid'dy. Dunwody, Dunwooddy
Dupree, Depray, Deupree, Dupre.... -
Durant, Durand, Durants, Duront, Dunant
Durfee, Durfey . Durflee, Durfy
DS&,''D"'um'Eearom,°DerhLVber^,-Do^^^
Durkee, Derkee, Durke, Durkey
Duryeo, Deryea, Deyea, Duryea ...^
Dusenbury, Dosenberry, Dusenberry, Dusenbery, Duzenberry
Dustin, Dustan, Duston
Dutch er, Ducher ._ ■ ^ ^ tx **
Duttcro, Detterer, Dettro, Ditterer, Dudrow, Dutero, Dutterow
Dutton, Duton, Duttcn, Duttin, Dutting - . . - - . - • - - •- ; . ■ ■ ■
Duvall Davalt, Deval, DevaU, Devalt, De Vaul, Devaul, DevauU, Devault, Devawl, Devol,
Divail, Divol, Divoll, Duval, Du Vail, Duvalt, Duvol
Dwight.
5.9
5.3
5.8
5.2
6.8
4.8
5.4
54
5.0
5,8
6.3
7.0
58
5.8
5.1
5.8
54
5.7
5.6
5.1
5 3
48
46
6.6
5,2
6.0
6.2
48
6.4
5.0
48
6.2
5.9
5.4
8.6
5.9
5.4
6.2
5.8
6.9
DwinneU", bwini, bwinalsrbwiiiei, Dwinell, Dwinelle, Dwinells, Dwinnel, Dwinnels, Dwin-
nills, Dwynal -
Dyckman, Dikeman, Dikman, Dykeman, Dykman
Dye. Die, Digh, Duy, Dyes
Dyer, Diar, Dier, Dire, Duyer, Dyar, Dyars, Dyre
Dyson, Diason, Disins, Dison
Eager, Eagar, Eger, Egir, Egirs, Igher
Eagle, Eage!, Eagles, Egle, Igle
Eames, Earns
Earl, Earle, Earles, Earll, Earls, Erl, Erie
Early, Earley -
Earliest, Eamess, Eamist, Eamst, Ernest, Emise, Emist, Ernst
Earp, Earpe
Easley, Easely, Easly, Esley, Isley
Eason, Easson, Esign
East, Easte
Easter, Easters, Eastir
Easterbrook, Easterbrooks, Estabroks, Estabrook, Estabtooks, Esta Brooks, Esterbrooks,
Estherbrooks
Eastman, Easthman, Eastmon, Estman
Easton, Easten, Eastern, Eastin, Easting, Esten, Eston, Estton
Eastwood, Eastcn\-ood
Eaton, p;aten, Eatton, Eton, Eton, Etton
Ebcrlcy, Eberly. •
Ebert, Eberts. Ebhart
Ebv, Eaby, Ebi, Ebie
Echols, Eccles, Ecels, Echolles, EchoUs, Eckle, Eckles, Eckols, Eichols, Ekel, Ekels
Eckart, Earchart, Echart, Eckard, Eckert, Eckhard, Eckhart, Ecurt, Egbart, Eichart, Eickard;
Eigcrt. Ekart, Ekert, Ekirt
Eddins, Eddens, Eddin, Eddings, Edings, Edins, Iddings
Eddy, Eadie, Eady, Edde, Eddey, Eddie, Edee, Edey, Edie, Edy
Edelen.
35
43
142
178
21
58
271
108
21
49
119
17
44
33
20
18
78
99
27
227
53
25
29
20
68
73
18
22
26
24
24
121
249
189
14
148
272
17
96
30
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
172
187
676
743
101
221
1,197
471
85
236
636
102
213
158
82
87
341
469
123
929
226
94
104
112
241
367
93
83
134
96
90
609
1,210
826
106
732
1,199
88
459
176
Eden, Edens
Edes, Eades, Eads, Beds —
Edgar, Edger, Edgir, Edgo.,
43
5.3
4.9
6.6
4.9
5.6
6.0
4 6
6.6
6.7
6.6
4.7
6.0
6.8
7.8
6.1
6.0
5.7
6.0
5.6
6.5
5.3
5.5
5.6
6,0
6.3
7.1
5.2
5.7
6.0
6.6
5.5
5.7
6.9
6.0
5.7
5.3
6.6
6.0
7.3
6.9
5.8
5.8
5.1
5.1
6.6
4.2
122
25
36
28
41
244
28
35
27
66
130
42
44
16
26
41
30
20
64
162
72
26
380
19
18
20
28
63
25
193
33
23
44
24
91
116
189
279
220
324
149
146
169
210
194
177
139
193
1,222
126
194
115
297
597
209
187
97
108
194
149
111
291
764
364
123
1,782
82
84
99
175
370
121
920
136
94
203
76
4 47
6
16
1
5 12
31
39 30 3
... 1 7
3 18 55
5 33 51
23
10
25
8 28
20 13
26
118
38
16
1
6
6
12
1
1
"i
2
4
41
28
22
2
1
2
13
25
1 ....
5 I 11
10
1
Table 111.
GENERAL TABLES. 239
-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WTIITE PER.SONS BY STATFfi
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Ccntinued ^^^'''^^^^' ^"^ ^^ATES
Edge, Ege
Edgerly...
Edgcrton, Eagerston kagcrton, E(igarton,'Edgeiin,"F,d"giU)n,' Egcitin.'Ege'toii
monscn, Edmonson, Edmonston, EdmonstonV, 'Edinundioii,
Edmondson, Edmandson, Ed:
Edmuiison
Edsoii. Eadson, Edinson, Edison, Edisuin, Eidson "
Edwards, Edwads, Edward, Edword, Edwords..
Eoghmy
Egburt, E^'bcrt, Egberts, Egbcrtse, Egbjrd.
Egleston hagleston Eaglestone, Eagleton, Eccleston, Eceiraton,' Egeislon,' Eggipson; Eggloston,
Eto ^egieioa Tiggliston, Eglorton, Egleson, Eglestin, EgTestone; EiVoton, Elaleslon.
Eider,"Ei'ders.'.'.' ;;;;;!! ;!;;;; ;;;;;;;
Eldred
Eldridge, Eldredge, Eldrig, Eldrige, Elridge.
ElkiDs, Elkin, Elkings
Ellcnwood, E lenwood, Ellengwood. Eliingivoort, Eliinwood
Ellcr, Ela, Eler, Ellar, Ellers, liar, Iler, Uler. Uor.
Ellioott, ElU.ott, Ellcott
ElliiiKton, EUeuton, Ellinton
Elliott Klet, Eliot, Eliott. EUet, Ellett, EUlatt, EUiot.'EUit.'ElVittVEYlot! Eilou'. EUyot
Ellis, hlrs, I'.Iies, Elis. Kllc-s. Kllico, Elllse ■"
EUison, Ell(>rson, Ellislon. Kllyson ]
Elmendorph. Elmpndorf, I'.lini'ndorfl !!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!
Elmoro, Ellimore, Ellmoro, Elmor, Elmoure, EJjmore
Elsworth, lOlesworth, Ellsworth
Eiwpii, Eiiweii, Eiiwiii, Eiwpi, Eiwii i!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;
Elwood, Ellwood
Ely, Ealey, Ealy, Elcy, Eli, Elly "'■'.'.^'^"'.'.'.'.'.'.'.""[[[[[[[[""[l"]"
Emerson, Embcrson, Emeson, Emison, Emmorsen, Emmerson, Emrson !.!!!!!.
Emery, Emeary, Emmerie, Emmery, Emmory, Emmry, Emory, Emrcy, Emry. Imry
Emcs, Enimcs
Emmit, Emet, Emit, Emmet, Emmitt, Emott !!.!!!!.!!!!!!!!.!!.!!.!..."!!!!!!!
Emmons, Eaman, Emens, Emmans, Emmins, Emmonds, Emends, Emona...!!!!!!!!!!
Emrich, Eiiierick, Emmerich, Emric, Emrick
E ngland, 1 n^land
English, ingiish !!!!!!!!!.!!.!.!!.!!."!!
Ennis, Eanis, Enes, Eness, Enis, Ennice, Enniss, Ennist ']!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!
Enochs, Enoch, Enock, Enox
Enos, Eanos, Eno, Enus !.!!!!!!!!!!*!!*
Ensign.
Epps, Epos, Eppes, Eps
Erb
Erhart, Earhart, Earheart, Ehart, Ehrhart, Erehard, Erehart, Etbntdi.. '.'.'.'.'.'.. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Eshelman, Eshleman
Essex, Essack, Esseek, Esscick, Esslck
Ester. Esters, Esther. Esthers. Estor
Estes, Easte-s, Eastis, Estas, Estees, Estts
Esty, Eastev, Eastv, Estee, Estey
Ethorldge, fcatheridge. Etherage, Etheredge, Etherege, Etbiredge, Ethridge,EtJldge, Ettrldge.
Eubank Enhanks, Ewbank
Evans, Eavans, Eavens. Eavins, Evan, Evanso, Evens, Evians, Evins, Ivens, Ivlns
Everhart. Everhard. E verheart
Everltt, Evaritt, Everat, Everatt, Everet, Everett, Everetts, Everit, Everlte, Everrett, Evert,
Everts, Evirett, Evret, Evrltt
Everly, Eveleigh, Eveley, Evely, Everley, Eversley
Eversole.
Everson, Everston, E visten
Eves. Eave. Eaves, Eve, Evegh
Evetts, Evet, Eveth, Evets, Evett, Evlt, Evlts, Evltts.
Ewoll, Ewel
Ewers, Euers, Ewer
Ewlng, Ewen, Ewin, EwUige, Ewlngs, Ewlns
Pagan. Fagen. Fagin, Faglns, Feagan, Feagins, Fegan, Fegean, Phagan
Fair, Fairs. Fare
Fairbanks. Falrbank, Farbanks, Farebank, Farebanks, Ferbanks, FIrbanks, Purbanla.
Fairehild. P'airehield, Falrchllds, Foarechlles
Falrcloth ,
Fairfield, Falrfeld, Farefleld, Farfleld.
Fales. Fail, Faile
Fall, Falls.
Fanning, Faning. Fannan, Fannin, Fannon
Farley. Fareley, Farlee. Farly
Farmer, Farniar, Farmor
Farnham. Farnara. Farnum. Famume. Fernam
Farnsworth. Farmsworth, Farnswort, Fawnsworth.
Farr, Far.
Farrar, Farer. Fariar. Farrer. Farrier, Farrior, Farror
Farreil, Farall. Farell. Farral. Farrall, Farrel, Pharrell
Farrington. Farington. Ferrington
Farrow, Fara. Farra. Farrah. Farree, Farro
Farwell, Fairwell. Farewel. F^areweil
Fassett. Fas.sat, Passet, Fassitt
Faulkner, Falconer, Falkener, Falkenur, Falkemr, Fallcner, Faukner, Faulconer, Faulkener,
Folkner, Folknor, Forkenor, Forkner
Faxmce, Fauns
Fawcett, Faucett.Faucit, Fauset. Fausett, Fausset, Fawsett
Faxon, Faxen, Faxin, Faxson, Faiton
Fay, Favs
Fell, Fells
Fellows. Fellow
Felt, Feltch, Felteh, Felts, Felt!
5.7
5.S
i*
S.8
S.2
S.9
£.6
8.0
4.5
6.0
6.1
5.7
6.3
6.7
5.9
51
fi.9
10.2
6.7
5.6
5 7
5 0
5.0
4.9
5.5
5 4
6.6
6.2
5.8
5 6
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.8
0.8
5.2
6.2
6.3
6.0
6.9
6.0
5.4
6.4
7.0
7.3
6.1
5.2
6.0
6.«
5 0
4.5
5.4
A.O
4.7
11.0
5.1
5.7
6.3
5.4
7.1
5.2
4.9
6.1
5 8
6.6
6.5
6.2
7.0
5.1
5.1
6.5
6.5
5.7
5.5
A. 4
5 2
5.4
5.6
4.9
6.1
7.0
5 8
58
4.4
6.5
6.4
7.1
5.6
6.8
74
503
14
25
87
18
92
29
147
57
26
42
10
22
469
641
82
22
76
93
66
17
145
207
200
24
22
79
31
35
79
31
23
45
28
22
20
26
17
15
17
61
26
90
25
28
110
104
21
36
44
28
46
6.S
136
127
72
67
77
22
80
48
55
29
122
19
23
20
88
37
104
41
84
134
221
476
261
362
2,058
08
438
92
432
154
694
279
102
204
92
125
2,164
2,635
330
87
300
409
244
96
760
991
910
103
97
346
160
203
330
160
121
226
166
110
116
141
102
96
86
268
101
417
101
3,126
170
,021
81
210
81
80
181
128
86
606
116
144
674
473
05
181
264
126
186
318
616
598
325
364
324
96
363
186
282
174
91
79
100
476
224
477
195
BSAM or VAimiBS.
10
64
14
11
1
3 16
21
20
33
33 I 49
3
6 78
0 6
12
24
1
6
10
20
8 ' 41
13 , 26
7 : 9
24
3 34
S
9 ' 18
7 3
30
1 13
...I 18
16 54
1
8
4 2
1 4
48 73
14
22
27
'i' 39
4 1
3
1
...
S
1
80
40
22 I...
22
18
24
3 37 '
... 10
8 24
2 22
30 21
9
19
S
II
3
18
14
13
6
3
48
240
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
T.BLE 111 -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
,
o
i
TOTAL.
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
NAME.
o
1
w
a
a
o
5
6
■1
6
1
1
a
J
B
i
•6
1
1
1
s
1
16
1
OS
'i
>
a
a
1
4
3
6
11
i
1
1
3
1
2
2
a
>
a
u
1
a
1
0
OQ
Felttr /
6.6
5.2
5.5
5.9
5.0
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.4
6.6
6.0
5.9
6.8
6.1
6.2
6.1
5.8
5.1
5.5
5.7
5.0
5.2
5.8
6.0
5.4
6.1
5.6
5.9
5.6
6.1
5.9
5.5
5.4
5.0
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.9
5.6
6.1
5.8
5.6
4.4
6.1
4.8
6.8
6 0
C.4
5.5
5.5
6.5
5.2
5.4
5.3
6.3
5.8
5.7
6.1
6.3
5.8
5.7
6.8
6.9
6.2
4.6
5.3
6.6
5.4
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.5
6.9
6.0
5.6
5.6
4.S
5.7
5.7
5.1
6.6
6.6
6.1
18
63
26
40
62
40
20
324
65
49
170
65
29
18
339
20
21
50
23
29
27
24
131
52
111
40
129
222
670
189
191
52
71
39
23
91
40
71
24
20
186
240
43
134
43
100
91
16
53
72
22
62
129
34
28
73
28
33
174
112
383
19
16
92
84
41
45
53
23
91
830
64
30
35
447
323
32
19
46
137
77
189
22
100
224
117
197
249
186
86
1,494
289
272
857
321
168
91
1,761
101
101
204
102
135
107
100
623
262
489
202
587
1.092
2,626
954
943
232
311
154
108
409
178
346
111
81
887
1,094
145
683
163
480
363
86
240
325
120
261
561
148
147
353
131
168
917
535
1,802
91
95
479
299
175
207
230
95
391
3,771
245
148
140
2, 061
1,476
121
89
211
562
347
870
111
Felton, Feltin
1
"4'
"5'
38
10
3
3
3
27
1
3
29
8
2
18
28
10
6
3
?,
Ferguson/Fargiirson, Fargusen, Farguson, Farguhaison, Fergason, Fergerson. Ferpison, Fer-
gueson, Fergusson, Forgason. Forgerson. Forgeson. Forgison, Forgason, Fiirgason, Furgerson,
7
7
3
3
6
8
1
1
16
1
2
7
23
24
1
4
1
4
40
11
1
71
2
61
4
65
5
10
11
24
55
9
1
13
60
32
27
?
Ferrin.'rarran, Farrand, Farren, Farron, Ferran, Fenand, Ferren, Ferrend, Ferring, Ferrins,
8
1
12
1
Ferris. Faires, Fains, Fairiss, Fans, Fariss, Farras, Fames, Farris, Farrise, Farrist, Fearis,
12
1
13
1
2
1
2
36
15
29
1
22
1
3
TiplH Fp-i1H«5 Fpild Fpiiri*; Fialds Fielder Fields
15
18
28
79
2
3
23
26
5
10
38
"2
20
7
"2
"5"
3
45
1
6
1
3
1
7
1
15
15
2
8
7
26
53
3
23
7
189
5
6
6
18
8
14
4
....
3
5
10
f
Filf FilpQ Filk Fik
3
'se'
17
3
s
5
29
61
12
26
1
7
3
2
2
3
2
1
14
12
6
9
17
2
5
Fillpv Filpv Fitlv Phili
16
30
2
6
15
16
38
9
13
86
2
2
Pinch
3
2
3
2
2
4
6
4
1
5
55
11
1
7
5
7
'33'
11
2
13
1
6
6
40
1
3
3
5
6
4
4
4
Fint Finpk
2
2
3
8
16
25
17
18
3
It
1
Finnpr Finpv Finnp Finnie Finnv Phinev Phinnev. Phinny ..
16
7
10
3
7
7
6
2
3
27
19
6
4
4
38
85
106
101
34
21
4
25
1?
1
1
Fi<;h Firh '
1
9
1
3
2
12
4
1
1
11
12
2
1
9
1
?
Fitzgerald, Fichgerrel, Fitchgearald, Fitchgerrel, Fitsgarrel, Fitsgerald, Fitsgerel, Fitsgorrel,
Fitsjarald, Fitsjerald, Fitts Gerald, Fitzarrell, FitzgaraUl, Fitzgarrold. Fitzgearld, Fitzgeral,
Fitz Gerald, Fitzgerrald, Fitz Gerrald, Fitzgerrel, Fitzgerrold, Fitzjairald, Fitzjarald, Fitz-
jerald .-
■;
6
1
59
Flagg Flag, Flogg .
3
10
8
1
5
'>
Flanagan, Flanaghan. Flanagin, Flanakin, Flanegan, Flanigan, Flanigin, Flanikin, Flarmagan,
Flanna'^in Flaunegan. Fiannegeu, Flarmegon, Flanningham
10
2
13
11
^
2
60
2
3
1
2
7
81
3
51
11
10
15
Fleck , Flaake, Flake, Fleak
1
2
4
21
15
5
4
4
4
6
4
">
Fleet ......
Fleming, Fleeming, Fleman, Fleraans, Flemen, Flemin, Flemmin, Flemming, Flemmings,
Flemmon, Flemon, Flemons, Flemyng, Fliming, Floraing, Fluming .
1
23
2
7
5
'33'
1
14
11
3
17
"7'
1
2
66
19
5
1
3
26
3
4
3
17
11
4
6
3
9
6
36
20
6
6
5
27
27
5
4
1
■>?
Fletcher, Flecher, Flitcher.
9
2
19
6
Flinn, Flin, FIvn, Flvnn, PUyn
fi
Flint, FIvnt
3
Flood. Flod, Flud
5
7
5
11
Flovd, Fflovd, Floid, Floyde
4
6
2
33
25
Flv, Phlv
Fobes, Forbis, Forbus
1
34
1
21
1
14
3
2
4
Fogg
1
Fogle, Fogal, Fogel, Foghel
11
61
9
2
2
0
Folger, Folgor, Foulger
61
8
6
2
3
33
1
23
Folk, Faulk, Faulks, Fawkes, Fawlkes, Foalks, Foike, Folks, Foulk, Foulke, Foulks, Fowke,
Fowikes
4
Follet, Follett
3
"7"
11
6
62
5
1
1
7
18
1
1
5
1
Follinsbe, Fallansbe, Fallenshee, Folansbee, Folemsby, Folensbee, Folensby, FoUambe, Fol-
lansbe, Follenshee, FoIIinsbee
Folsom, Falsom, Folsome, Folsum
2
3
Foltz. Foils
6
31
IB
10
32
14
14
1
14
13
26
2
3
20
7
2
16
1
1
4
4
75
4
Fonda, Fonnada
Foot, Foote, Fout, Fouts, Foutz
4
1
18
6
1
13
13
5
7
1
23
31
56
"i'
77
14
60
1
2
32
15
30
23
1
3
17
13
8
7
26
Forbes, Forbs
Ford, Foard, Foord, Foords, Forde, Fordes, Fords, Fourd
Fordhara, Fordam, Fordom, Foredom
1
Fore, Foore
'26'
6
16
4
1
8
15
29
3
4
1
2
Forpman, Foremon, Forman, Fourman
17
3
1
8
20
2
1
Forrest, Forest, Forist, Forress, Forriss, Forust
5
3
9
2
1
1
12
9
Forrister, Forester, Forister, Forrester, Forristor
1
1
Forsythe,Foresyth,Forsaith,Forscyth, Forseyth, Forslght, Forsith, Forslthe, Forsyth, Forsythes.
4
1
Fort, Fourt > J > ^
3
Fosdick, Fosdike
2
31
45
4
7
Foss, Fose
68
50
1
68
ie'
2
30
84
3
16
28
27
33
8
1
40
14
Foster, Farster, Faustar, Fauster, Forster, Fosster, Fosters, Fostor
32
2
265
20
35
2
82
9
105
8
51
10
6
37
Fountain, Fontaine, Fontaines, Fountaine, Fouutln, Founton
5
Foust, Foost
S
Fowle, Fowl, Fowles, Fowls
3
13
6
10
1
27
16
4
1
10
10
25
72
20
4
1
21
1
1
63
73
'sh'
39
1
1
7
9
13
10
1
46'
26
2
1
1
8
5
31
1
22
20
3
"s
15
5
42
Fowler, Fauler, Fouler, Fowlar, Fowlers
28
20
3
1
Fox
Q
Fov, Fove
2
Frame, Fraira, Frain
France, Franch
1
7
Francis, Frances. Francies, Franciss, Franses, Frauncis.
1
3
25
4
9
18
2
"19'
31
1
7
1
6
8
24
1
Q
Frank, Franob. Franck. Franke, Franks
Franklin, Franklin^'. Iranklvn
0
9
2
24
Frary, Frairey, Frara, Frarey
Table 111.-
GENERAL TABLES. 041
Frate, Frate, Fratts
Frazicr Frafsor, Frakoi-; FraisylVrVFralzcr; Frii^c'rVFiush'erV FVi)"hleV,FniiiOT ' Fraslor' Ftiaun
Brasvlor Fraysor Frayjipr. Frazair, Frazer, Fnuir, Frajlre, p^/^/ ""'"•»■ ™>">'' •■ """f*-
Frpderlck, Fraienrick, Fri-dcric, Fredrick
Free
Frpeland, Frcclan, Frcland ...\\....\\....[
Fropinan, Freomon, Frenian [
Fri'cze, F'rca.sc, Frees, Frccso
French , Frenleh '/'
Frcrc, Freear, Freer
Frick. Frlcke, Frlcks V.'.'.
Friend, Freind, Frend
Frink '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '
FrLslile. Frisbe, Frisbec, Frisbcy, Frisb v
Fritz, Frit, Frits
Frizell. Frisell. FrIsscI, FrisseU, Fritel, FrizzeiyFrizielY/Friizlo
Frost, Fraust, Frostt
Frothlneliam
Fry. Frey. Frve, Phrv i!!!!!!!!!!!!
Fryer, Frair, Frairs, Freacr, Frear, Frcycr, Frrar/FricV/iVyar,' Fryers." Frvor"'
Fiilford • ' • J f J ■
Fuller. Fullar, Fullear, Fullicr '.'.'.
Fullcrton
Fulmer, Fullmer, Fulmore, Fulncr...
Fulton, Fiillloii, Fallen, Fultin ."!!.'!!!."."
Funk. Funck ]
Furber. Ferber, Ferebee, Furbur !!!!!!.!!!!.!!
Fu r h u s h .".!!!!!.!.!!.!'
Furman, Fureman !."*.*.'.".'."".".'.'
Furnald, Fernald, Fernalld, Furnal. Furnall... ........'.'..'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Fumass, Furnaie. Furness, Fumis, Furnish, Funilss
Futrill, Futrall
Cable, Cahhel. Gabble, Gabel
Ga'Idis, Gaddes, Gaddice, Gadis, Geddes, Geddis, Qedis.
GaKB.
Gains, Gain, Gaine, Gaines, Ganes, Geans..
Gale, Gael, Gall, Gale.s, Gayle, Gavles !!'.!!".!'!!!'"!
Oallaher, Galaher. Galeher, Galleher, Gallehew, Galiilier, OalioW/Oelaher, Oolliar, Oollerber
Oolliher, Gollihor
Gallop, Oallep, Gallup, Galop ]"l"\.\\.[.. ..'......'.'.'.. ".
Galloway, Oalaway, Galiway, Gallaway, Galleway, Oalliway, Oaliowary, Qailoway, dalway,
Golawav
Gal pin, Gulpen. Galphin '/.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.'
Galusha, tiallusha, <iela.>!hee. Golcshir, Gullshau !..!.!!!!!!..!!!!..!!.".!!!!
Gamble, Gamliall. Gamhel. Gambell, Gambol, Gimbold .....'...'.......
Gammon, Gamman, Gammons, Gamon. Ga\-man. Gebraan, Geiman, Gimman, Oiimans, Ovmcin.
Gant. Gants, Oantt, Gantz. Gaunis. Gent. Gontz... '
Gardner, Gadner, Gardeneer, Gardener, Gardenor, Oardlnecr, Gardiner, Gurdiners, Gardnier,
Gardnir, Gardnor, Gardn', Gartiuer, Gartner, Guardner
Gar¥v, Gairev, Gairv, Garrv, Gary
Garneld, Galieild, G'ameid.Gamil, Garfeild, Gearficld, GolTield '.
Garland, Garlaiil, Garlind
Oarlock, Garlach, Garleck, Garlic, Oarlick, Gerlach
Gamer, Garnar, Gamier, Garaur
Garnett, Garnet
Garrett. GareK, Garit, Garrat, Garratt, Garret. Garrit, Garrot, Carroll, Gerrit, Gerritt.
Garrison, Garlson, Garisson, Garitson, Garr«tson, Garretl.son, Garrlsson, Garrit^oD, Gerison,
Gerrison, Gerritson
Garvin, Garven
Gasklns, Gasken, Gaskin, Gaskjcg, Gaskings, Gaskinn, Geskin, Geskins
Gaston, Gasten, Gastin, Oesting, Oostio, Gusten, Gustin, Gustlon, Guston
Gates, Gaites, Gate
G atewood , Gat wood
Gather, Gaither, Gathe, Gathir .'
GallinK, Gatlen, Gatlin
Gauli, Gald, Gait, Golt ;
Gavit, Gavett, Gavitt, Govett, Govit
Gay
Oaylor, Gailer, Galler, Gallow, Galor, Oayler, Gcaler, Gellor, Goylor, Guellow
Gavlord, Gallard, Gailerd, Gaillard, Galard, Gallard, aalliard, Gallode, Gallord, Oaylard, Gllard, ;
(iillard, Gllliard '
Geary, Gcrrv, Gery, Guerry
Gebbart, Oibbart, Glbliet, Gibbut, Gibert
Geo, Gea, Gehe
Geer, Gear, Gears, Geers, Gehr, Geir, Geirs, Gier. Giers
Gei^er, Geigar, Gieger, Gigar, Giger, Oigher, Guiger, Gyger, Gyglr, Oygor ,
Gentry, Gentrey
George, Georg, Georges, Jorge
Gerhart, Garebart, (^.earhart, Gearhert, Geerlieart, Gebrbart
German, Gennain, Germaine, Germen
Gcrrard, Garrard. Georid, Gerard, Gerhard, Gorod, Gerrad, Gerred, Geuranl, Glmrd, Qlreud,
Giroud, Guerard
Gerrish, Garish, Garrish, Gerish ■
Getty, Gatles. Galtis, Gettes, Gettess, Gcttoys, Octtis, Gottys
Geyer, G u ver, G j-er • • • • ;
Gibbons, Gibans, Giblwns, Gibbins, Gibbions, Gibbon, OibooDS, Oibcmo, Oiblos
Oibl)s, Gib, Oibb, Gibbes, Oilxs, Gibs
Gibson, Gibsons
Olddlngs, Giiidig, Gidlngs, Giltings, Gittins
Gideons, Gediou, Giddcons, Gideon, Gidion, Gidions
Gillin,'GitTcn, Giifens.Glfhiis..
Gillord, Giflard, Giflords
7.0
4.9
0.«
».7
CI
S.O
t.S
fi.5
SO
i.S
i.i
S. 1
S.S
8.9
S.S
S. 7
6.1
6.0
S.S
0.2
8. A
4.S
0.2
8.7
6.2
0.2
S.S
S.7
5.4
S.S
S.l
S.S
4.8
6.0
8.7
0.1
5.2
0.2
54
50
09
54
57
8.1
50
57
54
58
5 0
5 0
S.4
56
59
54
59
&4
6.0
5.7
&3
50
0.0
6.1
&0
8.1
6.2
4.7
&2
52
50
6.7
a2
57
6i2
&6
52
6. 'J
s.:i
8.S
6. 1
S. -t
8.7
8.8
7.1.
0.1
6.0
0.4
200
61
18
32
394
34
4«8
86
20
36
61
74
34
36
237
27
231
61
20
880
43
38
92
70
20
42
33
03
21
21
23
28
124
70
104
34
74
09
20
17
70
44
82
43
3S
70
26
107
25
163
119
23
64
03
260
24
30
32
33
23
148
32
74
48
18
44
92
42
31
240
27
38
787
301
84
104
1,798
;.'i2
2,180
287
98
176
268
333
107
101
124
i:<8
l,l.'iS
231
103
2,KS6
162
loe
430
3i'>5
IM
190
ISO
276
101
86
104
94
024
300
143
385
91
100
307
208
213
201
163
343
119
497
109
749
688
101
202
277
,242
113
164
128
184
118
731
131
382
179
94
IS5
461
197 '
it» :
1,116 '
140
ITIJ
146 I
113
7S3
UEAIU or rAMIUEx.
80
;.,!
u
1 2,-.
^?
■ ,r
'."'
■.'^
ii'
43
....
0
13
6
10
II
1
1
2
1
0
"a
3 .
1 .
1 ,
13
17 14
3 3
1
6
80
1
8 .
15
84
3 40 2 ' If 1 2
27 12s
2
a 1 ai....
6 ' 70 ' 13
II 17
IS
1
in
...
■2
1
a
H
1
4
i
1
i
3
6
a
7
io
3
7
s
13
1
at
I
4
16
5
19
3
10
8
9
IS
a
1
s
a
2
2
.'4
00
242
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 111.— NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
Gilbert. Gilbart, Gilberts, Gilbirt
Gilbreath, Gailbraith, Galbraeth, Galbraith, Galbreath, Gilbraith, Gilbreth, Gillbreath, Gill-
breth. Gulbreath
Gilchrist, Gelchrist, Gilchrest, Gilchriston, Gilchrust, Gilcrest, Gilcrist, GUIchriest, Gillchrist. .
Gildersleave, Gilderslave, Gilderslea, Gildersleaves, Gildersleeve, Gildersleeves, Gildersleve,
Gildensleaf.
Giles, Gile, Jiles
Gilford. Gill/ord, Guilford, Gulliford
Gill. Gills, Guil, Guild, Guill
GUleland, Gellelan, Gileland, GiUalan, Gillaland, GiUelan, Gillelin, Gillerland, Giiliian, GiUi-
land, Gillilen, Gillilin, GiUilins, Gillilon
Gillet, Gillat, Gillett, Gillit, Gillitt, Jcllet, JiUet, JilUtt.
Gilliam. Gilham, Gillam, Gillham, Gillim, Gillom, Gillum, Guiliams...
Gillis, Gillies. Guillis '..'.'.'.'.'.'.
GiUispie, Galaspey, Galaspie, Galaspv, Galespe, Galespev, Gaiisba, GaUaspie, Gailespie, Gel-
aspey, Gelaspy, Gellaspie. Gellaspy, Gellespee. Gellespie, Gilasby, Gilaspey, Gilaspy, Gil-
espie, GiUasby, Gillaspey, Gillaspie, GiUaspy, Gillesby, Gillespey, Gillespie, G'illespv, Gillispi,
Gillospy , Glaspy , Golaspee '
Gilman, GilLman, Gilmon
Gilmore. Gillmoore. Oillmor, Gillmore, Gilmer, Giliuor, Giimour
Gil Patrick, Gelpatriek, Gillpatrick, Gilpatrick
Gilson, Gillson
Ginn, G in, Gyn, Gynn "[[[[[[[]]'.[
Gipson
Gist, Geist, Gesst, Gest, Gests, Gevst, Guest, Guist.
Gitchel, Gatchall, Gatchel, Gatchell, Getchell, Gitcbell, Gotchiej. Gutchel
Givens, Oavan, Gaven, Gavin, GavinR, Gavon. Geven, Gevin, Civan, Givans, Given, GiVenn
Givin, Givms, Given. Givons. Givvins, Govan, Guivens
Gladding, Gladden, Gladdin, Gladdon, Gladen, Glading, Gl'edden, Gloding
Glasgow, Glaseo. Glascoe, Glascow, Glasgo, Glassco, Glasseow
Glass, Glas, Gloss
Glazier. Glaizer, Glaser, Glasher, ciasier, Glasser,' GJazer," Glisser," Gloshcr
G eason. Glason, Gloasson, Gleazen, Gleazon, Gleeson, Gleson, Glesson, Glezen,"diezon
Glenn, Glen, Gleyn, Glinn, Glins, Glynn...
Olidden, Gliddon, Gliden, Glidon.. . .
Glover
Goddard, Godard, Goddart, Godderd, GodWd, Goodard.Gdodhard,' Goodhart," Goodheart ' ' '
Godfrey, Godferey, Godfree. Godfry, Goodferrey, Goodfrey
Godin, Godden, Goddin, Godding
Godshall, Godshal, Godshalk, Godshalt, Godsheli, Goodshui.
gTs^G "'*"''*' °*"°"' ^''''"' ^''"^'' '^'<=""' GiUott, Gollatt, Guilatt, Guliet,' Gullit'.
Goa, Gaaff, GaS, Gaft, Gaufl, Gaugh, Gawf, Goafl, Goffe, Goft, Goph, Gough, Goughf
Going, Goan, Ooans, Goin, Goings, Goins, Goinz ' i- - 6>""us"'..
Gold, Goald,Gole.
Golding, Gilden, Golden, Gol'din,' Goidon.Gouiding
Goldsmith
Gooch . Goueh
Good, Goode, Goods
Goodale, Godall, Goodall. Goodals.Goodei. Goodeli" '"
Gooden. Goodan, Goodhan, Goodin, Gooding
Goodenow, Goodenough, Goodino, Goodner, Goodnow'
Goodhue.
joodman, Goodmon . .
Ooodsell, Goodsale, Goodsali," GoodVei; Goodsiie," Goodsiil
Ooodson
joodspeed, Goodspead
Goodwin, Godwin, Goodwine,' Goodwinn," Goodwyn
Gore, Goar, Goare
Gorham, Ghoram, Ghorum, Goram, Goreham
Gorman, Garman, Garmin, Garmon, Gormon
Gorsuch. Garsoeh
Goslin, Gaslin, Gauslin', GauslingV GooslinVGosline', Gosling', Gossitai" "
Goss, Oaus, Gause, Gaws, Ghoss, Gosse , ^ "^ime, uossimg..
Gotfoof '^'"''' '^'^''"'"' '^'^"'■' '5»^<"' «ossit,"GossitV,Guset.';;;;::::
Gouw';'G'lor5oSdrG'juP"'^'''''°''''^*^''^^^^^^^^^
Gove, "
Gowen, Gouen, Gotj'n,' Giwan", Gowin; Goiirtng.GowiiV
Gozzard, Gasserd, Gossart ^y«ia
Gr^y, Gmdey .';'^''. ".'^"''' °''^'"^' '^''''^'' '°"^- «'^^^' «'«=' «««« :;:::::;:::::::::
Graff", Graefl, Graf, Graffe; GrauV; Oreaf,' Greaff
Grafton _ _ .
Gragg, Grag, Graig, Graige,' Greego
Gr^^^am, Grahame, Grahams, Grahms. Grmne,- Grames; G-rayham; Gmyhams; Greh-ani,- Greyl-
Grandy, Grandee
Granger, Grainger, Graneger, Grenger
Granis, Graniss, Orannis. .
Grant, Grante, Grants
G rani ham, G ran turn . .
ofa;"1iS:G?;:^'^^^''^='^'''°'"™^'^'^'^^-«rteVes:;::;::::::-
^gS^'!^'"^' "^^"'.^':"': °^^^'^: ^^yW'' G^^bble; Greblii;-Grible;-Gr;=ybiu; Grobii.;-
^(^'ii^^:^^:'!^:^:^^^:^^-
6.7
5.9
5.0
5.3
5.5
S.G
5.7
5.8
5.G
4.9
5.3
5.8
5.6
6.3
5.2
6.0
5.5
6.1
6.0
5.6
5.9
5.0
6.4
5.2
6.0
5.2
8.1
5.6
5.7
5.2
5.3
6.1
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.8
4.9
6.7
5.7
5.4
6.2
5.9
5.4
6.6
6.3
5.6
5.9
4.9
5.6
6.0
6.7
6.9
5.6
6.5
5.0
5.0
6.0
4.8
5.7
5.6
6.6
5.5
6.6
6.6
6.6
5.4
5.5
6.2
6.0
5.3
6.2
5.4
5.3
5.1
6.2
5.6
4.9
5.3
5.7
6.5
6.4
5.6
424
57
47
28
107
28
199
156
64
32
120
159
160
22
52
IS
24
45
55
73
45
32
81
38
114
116
29
156
91
142
22
30
15
27
130
35
46
66
62
38
131
131
50
72
56
101
244
26
21
34
427
18
270
228
112
465
127
917
226
745
290
126
397
63
87
40
28
30
80
19
29
24
342
52
54
19
53
17
38
21
47
327
24
84
19
305
21
346
668
515
756
688
117
220
90
107
229
275
339
221
127
3.52
161
567
484
206
721
427
694
94
153
88
139
594
169
180
377
292
167
676
638
219
333
240
462
1,196
101
97
165
1,998
89
1,811
349
344
168
140
115
378
88
133
108
1,537
293
247
84
236
89
188
91
244
1,430
102
343
99
1,399
82
1,491
3,130
35 193
52 281
1,205 5,569
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
33
24
67
13
13
58 25
14 14
2 1
18 7
69
3 24
11 57
1 2
15 I 24
30 61
17
4
1 I 22
19
43
62
10
9 60
1
14
1
32
,---- 27 4
1 8 I 2 _
45 212 152 ' 72 186 ' 81 ' 95
87
13
16
1
17
97 66
14
11
33 29
40 95
10
2
12
2
14
4
4
5
1
28
24
4
10
1
8
6
3
5
2
ii
2
1
35
4
51
14
9
3
'2
i
43
'4
26
i?
50
137 ' 62
GENERAL TABLES.
243
Table 1 1 1.— NOMENCLATURE, DEALIxNG WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continued.
Grecnfipid, G recnfeild
Greenleaf, Grcanloaf, Greanlief, Grooleaf, Grrcnliof
Greenoiiph, (Jreoncu, Grocnhaugh, Grecnhoo. Greenhow, Grpeno, Greno, Grenough
Greenwpll, Graniwolt, Grecnawalt, Grecnewall, Grecnewalt, Grecniwolt, Greenwall, Oreenwalt,
Grenewalt, Grenwcll
Greenwood, Greenwod
Greer, Grear, Greere, Greir, Grcre, Griar, Grier
Gregory, Gragary, Greegory, Gregary, Greggery, Greggory, Oregorey, Gregrey, Origgery, Grig-
gory, Grigory, Grigrey, Grgory
Grice, Gryce
Gridley.
Griirm, Oriflan, Griflen, Grifltog, Griffins, Griffn, Griflng
CrllBs, Grifles, Grifflss
Griflith.Oreflcth, Grifeth, Grifleth, Orifleths, Griflllhs, Grifflts, Griffith, Grifltb, Griflths
GriKKs. Greg, Gregg, Greggs, Gregs, Greigs, Grig, Grigg, Grigs
Grim , G rimm , G rims
Grimes, Glirimes, (irihams, Grrmes
Grlndall, Grandoll, Gnndcll, Orindel, Grindle
Grinman, Greenman, Grinmon, Grinnum, Gronman, Grunman
Grinnell, GreeniH, Orenai, Grenell, Grinai. Grinall, Grineil, Grinnall. Grinnel, GrlBiiol, Grunnel.
Grisliam, Grissam, Grissham. (irissom, Grissum
Griswold, Greswold, Griswald, Griswall, Griswell, Griswould
Groat.
G rocsbeck, Grossbeck, Grouisbeck, Grusbeck
GroIT, G rofe, GroITo, Groof
Groom . Groome, G roomos, G rooms, Grumes
Gross, Groase, Groce, Gros, Grose. Grosse
Grosvtnor, Grossvenor, Orosvener, Grovener, Grovcnor, Grovner
Grout, Groot, Groti, Grouts, Grut
Grove, G roves, G rovs
Grover, G roover, Grovier
Grow, Groh, Grows, Growso
Grubb, Groobs, Grub, Grubbs, Grubs
Gruber, Graber, Greber. Greeber
Gubtaif, Gabtale, Gulitale
Guernsey, Oarnsev, Gamsy, Guensey, Guimscy, Gumsey, Gunisway
Guile, Glehl, Gilial, Guiles, Guyle
Guion, Gion, Guing, Guyon, GyoD
Gulley, Gooly, Gully
G unn .Gun, Ounce, Guns
Gunler. Gonter
Gurley, Girley, Gourley, Gourly, Ourly
Gumev, Guemev, Gumee
Guthrie, Gooterie, Gntbirev, Gutherle, Guther>-, Guthired. Guthre. fiuthrey. Guthry, Qutorey,
Gutree Gutrie, Giitroe, (lutrv, Gutterv, Guttlierv. fiuttree, Gultrey, Oultrie
Gutridce, Gutheridge, Gutliridge, Gutrage, Gutridg, Gutterage, Giilterige, Guttridge
Gu v. G ie , G uay , Guiy
Guvton, Gathen. Gathin, Gathings. Gatoing, Gallon, Gayton
Gwin, Goowin, Gucin, Guin, Guinn, Guyn, Guynn, Gwecn, Gwinn, Gwins, Owyn, Gwync,
G wynn, G wynne
Haeket. Haoate. Ilackett
ITaekney, Haknev •••••
Ha'l<ien, Haddari. Haddin. Haddon, Hedden. Heddin. Heddon, Heden
nadlev, Hadeley, Hadly, Headley, Hcadly, Hedley, Hedly
Hadloek. Hadlouk
Uagan, Hagans, Hagen, Hagens, Hagon, Heagcn, Heagon, Heagons
Hager. Ilaga. Hagar. Heaga, Heager •
Hagemian, Hagaman. Hagamen, Hagannan, Hageman, Bagirman, Hagman, Hegerman
Hagiv. Ilaggev. Hagv. Hegey
Hagget, Hageii. Haggard, Haggart, Haggal, Haggett
Ilague. Ilage, Ilaig
Haicht, Ilait. Ilaite, Haiti. Hayt
Halhert, Ilaltnid. Ilallbert. Helbert ....^..........
Hale, nael. Hail. Hail.'. Hailes, Hails, Hales, Hayle, Havles, Hayls.Heyl.......^...
Halev. Haelev, Ilailry, llaiUey, Haily, Haly. Hayley, Hayligu, Hayly, HeaJey, Healy
Hall,' Halle, ii.-vll.s. Hawl ^wvrwv\:-\:ii;-c-r-^-u--
Hallenb<ck Ilaleiibeck, Hallenbach, Hallenbeek, Holembeck, Holenhauch, Holerback. HoUen-
bach. Hollenliiick. Hollenbagh, HoUenbcck, HoUenbuk, Hollinback, HoUinbeck, Holloback,
Hollowboh. 1 lolrabeck
Hallet. IhHo.t, Hallete, Hall<tt. Hallhet, Hawlcl
Halloek, Ilalliek. Ilalork. Hollick ;^-;:i^-:,--Wi^u\,-iiu-H
Hallowell, Hallowall. Hallowcl, HoUawel, HoUawell, HoUowcU, HoUweU, HoUywell
Halsey, Hallsi'v. Ilalseey. Holsay, Holsey
Halstead. Halslal, Halsted
Hani. Ilauiin. llamn
Ham by. Ilamhev. Hembev, Hemby ^- •••.■: v."*"i": i4 iV" W i;"""
Hamilton. Hamb. lion. Hambilton. Hambleton. Hambllon, Hameleton, Hamcltcn, Hamelton,
Hamileion. Hamnidton. Hammillon, Hemelton
Hamlet, Hamblet, I famblett, Hamlett
Hamlin. Hamblen. FTaniblin. Hamlen •.:,-i^-c-:,"i;'"'i:,'"^'"\:,''
Hammil, Ilamble. Hamol. Ilamil. Ilammell. Hammill. Hembell, Hempble, Hemple
Hammer. Hama. Haniar. Ilamarr. Ilamer. Ilammar Hammers y Vi'--',;
Hamraet, Hammat. Hammatt. Hamm-tt, Ihimm.i. Hammitl. ""mmot. riemrnNt . ....
Hammond. Ilaman. Hamman. Hammand, llammant. Ilammen. Hammon. Hammonds, Ham-
mons. Hamon. ilamon<l. Ilamons
Hampton, Hamton, Hinipton
Hanchett, Hanchet, Hanlchet, Hanlichet ...^.......
Hancock. Hancok, Handcock, Hankok, Hencock, Hendcock
Hand , Hands
Handy. Handoy. Hendy
HaniT, Ilannar. Hanner. Hanners
Hanford. Handford, Hansford
«.7
fi.2
«.2
S.6
6.7
5.8
5.5
4.4
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.4
5.7
5.2
5.4
6.0
4.9
5.2
5.8
5.7
S 8
6.6
«.3
5.8
5.5
7.5
5.7
5.9
5.5
6.1
5.8
8.7
5.7
5.6
4.9
5.8
6.5
5.5
5.9
8.7
5.4
5.7
5.1
6.8
6.4
4.6
5.6
6.5
6.8
6.6
6.2
5.2
5.5
6.8
7.5
4.7
5.5
6.5
5.8
5.8
6.4
s.e
6.0
6.8
5.7
6.8
6.7
6.2
.^.9
5.0
5.5
6.0
5 4
8.3
5.5
7.8
6.8
5.8
6.8
6.4
5.4
6.8
6.4
6.6
6.1 I
87
32
54
75
101
262
24
50
483
25
233
153
42
190
17
32
45
22
205
22
21
29
38
109
23
42
129
110
27
56
17
18
40
25
21
16
83
25
37
48
83
20
41
23
95
70
18
28
128
17
46
(D
49
14
26
19
121
18
402
138
1,478
89
67
69
60
71
66
\fA
22
477
29
155
30
45
34
399
77
16
156
73
88
26
43
35
166
366
165
250
354
503
1,183
81
240
2,355
118
1,021
723
176
841
84
125
187
106
967
127
117
153
182
487
150
198
633
499
137
257
97
85
185
98
116
88
372
122
209
213
81
238
125
316
99
135
680
BKADS or FAIOUES.
U
8A
1,911
608
6,837
449
324
327
285
337
340
2,153
118 \
6»1
M»
230
68 3*
7
.,21
2* 13
128
ID 56
23
36 7
67 1(M
2
18
22
6
2
34 I 29
21 (6
1 6
63 33
15 1
346 105 107
i
I I 71
4 33
5 60
»
1,807 j 36 13 17
370,,....!....l...
893
324 .
423
140 '.
189 .
177 .
113
1
3
38
3
36
I
"i'l::
30
3 3
23 23
8 IS
104 127
30
8
I •
244
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROAATH.
Table lll.-NOMEXCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESEXTED BY AT LEAST 100 W^ITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
Hanlpv. Handilv, Handley, Handly, Hanlly
Hannah, Jl ana.'Hanah, Hanna, Hannahs, Hannoh
Hannon, Ilanan, Hanen, Hanin, Hannan, Hannaon, Hannens, Hannin, Hanon, Hanoun
Hannum, Hannam
Hansoum. Hanscom, Hanscomb *.
Hansill, Ilancel. Hansal. Hansel, Hansell, Hansil, Hensal, Hensel, Hensell, Hensle
Hanson. Handson. Hansen, Hansson
Hapcood, Habcood, Hobgood
Harbison, Harbeson. Herbison
Hardonbergh. Hardenber^he, Hardenburg, Hardenburgh
Hardesty, Hadest y. Hardiesty, Hardistay, Hardister, Hardisty
Harding, Harden . Hardin
Hardison, Hardiston
Hardman, Hardeman, Hardemon, Hardiman, Herdman
Hard wick, Hardewiek. Hardick. Hardwich, Heartwiek
Hardy, Hardee, Hardoy, Hardie, Hardyes
Hare, Hair, Haire. Hairs, Hares, Heire
Hargrove, Hairgrove, Hairgroves, Haregrave, Haregrove, Hargrave, Hargraves, Hargreaves,
Hargroves
Harkins, Uarkin, Harking. Herkin
Harkness, Hakness, Harkniss
Harley, Harll-'p, Harly
Harlin, Harlan, Ilarland, Harlen, Harling, Harlon
Harlow, Ilarloe, Harlowe
Hamion, Ilamian. Harmann, Harmen, Hannin, Harmond
Harness, Hames, Hamiss
Harold, Hareld, Harolt, Harrald, Harrold, Herold, Herrald, Herreld
Harp, Harpe
Harper, Harpar, Harjiir, Harpur
Harrell. Ilarrai, Tlarrel. Harril. Harrill. Herral
Harridan, Harradan, Harrenden, Harriden, Harridon, Heredin, Herriden
Harrington, Harington, Hearington, Herington, Herrington
Harris, Haris, Hariss. Harrace, Harras, Harres, Harress, Harrise, ITarriss
Harrison, Hareson, Harison, Harisson, Harreson, Harrison, Harrisson, Herison , Herrison
Harrod, Harod, Ilarrad, Harrard, Harred, Herard, Herod, Herrad, Herred, Herrid, Herrod
Harry, Harrev, Ilarrvs, Hary
Hart, Harte. Harts, llartt . Heart ] . ] ]
Hartgrove, Hardgrave. Hardgrove, Hardgroves, Hartsgraves, Heartgrove
Hartley. Hartly, Ileartley, Heartly
Hartman. Heaftman ' ' ' [[[""[[.][["[]][
Hartsel. Hartsell. Hartzel, Hartzil. Hertsel, Hertzel,Herzel ..\........]\[..\[[.\\"
Hartshorn, Hartshome. Heartshom, Hortshom
Hartwell , HartwiU , Heartwell [ '.'.'.'.'.'.'/.
Harvey, Harveey, Harvie, Harvy, Hervey, Hervy .,
Harwood .
Hasbrouck, Hasbrauck. Hasbrook
Haskell, Haseell.Haskal. Haskall. Haskcal.Haskel, Hasidl, HasMlV/HasskalV/HoVke^^^
Haskins, Haskin. Haskings, Hasskins
Haslip, Haislep, naselip. Havslip, Hazelip, Heslip, Heyslip...
Hassell, Hasel. Hasell. Hassel. Hazzell,Hessel "
Hastings. Hasting, Hastins, Haystings
Hatch, Heatch [][[[[[[][[
Hatcher, Hetcher
Hatfield, Hotfieid !!""!!!"'!!
Hathaway. Hathewav, Hathway, Hathwey .. ..'
Hatton, Hatton , Hatting
Haun, Haan, Hahn, Han, Hann, Hans, Hawn, Hoiin, Hohne' Hoiin' Hons
Hauser, Hausser
Havens, Haven, ITavins !..."...!'.,....!
Haviland Haveland, Haverland, Havlaii,' Heaviland,' HevelanVHeveiand,'Heviiin
Havner, Havener, Havener, Heavener, Heavner, Heevner, Hevener, Heviner, Hevner
Hawes. Haas. Haase, Haass, Hass, Hasse, Haus, Hause, Hauze, Haws, Hawse, Hawses
Hawkins. Hawkens, Hawldn, Hawkings
Hawks, Hauck, Hauk. Hawk, Hawke, Hawkes
Hawley, Halley, Haliv, Hawlley. Hawlv, Holley. Holly
Hawthorn, Harthorn. Hathom, Hathorhe. Hauthom
Haycock, Hacock, H^acock, Heacocks. Hecock. Hecox
■^den'^Hevd^on'^' ^^'^^°' ^^^^^' ^^^O"- Haiden, HaydonVHeadVii; Headiii; HeadonVHey-
Hayford, Hafard. HaffordrHoffardVHoffkrtrHo^^
Hayman, Haymans. Haymond, Heyman .
Haynio, Hainey, Hanpy. Hanie, Hany, Heney.
Hays, Haise. Haizi>, Ilaso, Hay, Haye/HayesVHayse,' Haze! Hey.' Meyes''
Hayward, Ilaward. Hpywad, Heyward. •''•'' ' ji-^oj-^-
Haywood, Hawood, IlcVwood
Hazard, Hassard, Hasza'rd, Hazzard
Hazen, Hayson, Hazens, Hazon, Hazzen
Hazic, Havsles, Hazel, Hazcll
Hazlet, Haslet, Haslett, Hazelet, Haziett, Heslet,"HVsii't.".'
Head, Heads
Heald, Heal, Heel '.".;'.
Hearii, Heame, Hern, Hynie
Heath, Heathe, Heth
Heaton, Heateu [
Hedges, Hedge ]
Heist, Heiss, Hise, Hist, Hyst
Heller, Heler, Hellor, Hellyer.
HelUIe?"'^'"^' "^"'""' "''"'""=• Hellims, Helirns.Helliu^isVHelme", Hetoe^.Heimn; iiitas."
6.4
5.2
6.0
7.2
5.3
5.5
5.3
6.0
6.1
5.3
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.7
6.0
5.7
6.1
5.2
5.5
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.8
5.6
6.5
5.8
4.3
5.8
5.5
5.2
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.7
6.3
5.4
6.7
5.4
5.9
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.3
6.3
6.4
6.0
6.2
5.7
5.2
5.6
5.7
5.1
6.0
6.2
4.5
5.7
5.0
6.8
6.1
5.5
5.8
5.7
6.6
5.7
6.0
6.1
5.6
5.5
6.6
5.8
5.1
5.6
6.2
5.9
6.0
5.3
6.3
5.7
6.4
5.8
5.2
5.9
5.8
5.0
5.4
6.1
5.7
5.0
7.0
5.4
6.5
32
126
24
17
20
22
120
29
21
20
18
318
27
20
25
199
116
53
19
30
22
49
61
185
16
32
25
207
133
21
311
l,0.f4
374
38
33
468
15
55
86
34
64
76
356
75
33
175
61
25
30
1.53
285
36
29
199
33
86
23
120
47
24
1.37
303
114
259
48
. 29
169
23
21
342
110
1)39
118
135
94
95
43
28
29
74
31
35
217
45
56
24
20
23
19
88
20
140
526
119
105
85
98
518
145
107
85
84
1,464
129
93
125
933
591
223
85
159
114
252
295
8.W
88
152
83
994
605
89
1,454
4,730
1,617
180
176
2,043
85
241
420
186
317
346
1,548
394
177
872
316
118
126
705
1,339
146
146
1,041
117
407
92
578
238
107
656
1,423
644
1,210
238
147
780
104
118
1,632
456
2,431
60S
668
473
"(09
230
l.'?2
156
356 ;
129
170
1,0.51
179
248
123
94
92
114
387
110
46
HEADS OP FAMILIES.
78
29
36
1 ....
3
3
10
9 , 19
10 50
55
1
2
7
19 16
8
1 19
8 ....
5 , 7
7 57 82 I 21
1 I.... 27 5
50 ! 53 112 I 37
:::- I
2 14
4 1 3
... 4
11 i 19
5 ....
3 30
14
8
1 I 5
2 I 3
5 1
ill
1 I
GENERAL TABLES.
245
Table lU.-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST lOOWniTK PERSONS BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continued.
Hemmenway , naminway, Ileamonway, IlemeDway.IIenilngswBy, Uemlngway.IIeminenisway
liiMnmiii^way, Ileiniiilnway
llt'inpliill. Haiiiphell, Uaniphill ]"....]["...][].
Jleinsleiid, IIanipsl«ad, Ilainpsted Jlempstead, ilempsted] iienstedVHomest^
Henderson, llanderson, ilciuiorson, Uendrcson
HendricksJlendefM-kJiendre* k.liciKlricJiendrk'kJIendrlk.Hcndrii/ikendr^^^
Hendnck-sun, ileiiderrickson, lleiuirexson, Heudrixson. llcniickson
Honing,', lii'iian, IloriPii. llenin, llcnlns, Ilenuing, Ilcnun, Ilining, Illnnlngs
Henley, HniKllcy, IlcruUy. Henely, Uenly
Henry, llenary, Henerey, Heueries, Henery, Hennary, Uoanerles, HenneryiHeniiryl llenrey,
Henri.
Henshaw, Hinshaw [/^
Hensley, nenselj',Hensly, Hinesley.HlnscIy, HInsley, ninsly, liynstey !!!!!!!!.
Henson, Hindson, Hinson, Hinston, Hynsen, Uynson
Herbert, Herhett, Hiirhut !!..!.!
Herder. Hlreder, Hurdfir ]
Herman, Hermans, ilermanse, Hermin, llermon, Hemnan
HemdunLjIarnden. Ilr.rn' . Hearndon
Herrkk, Herick. Herrek. li, lieryck
Herrlman, Harlman, HarrainODd, Harrimau, Hereman, Herlman, IlerremaD. Herrynian. Hur-
rinian.
i
Herring, llarlng, Ilarrin, Hairing, Hearing, Hearon, llearrlng, Ueran, Herln, Hcrlng, Horon,
nerran, llerren. Ilorrin, Herron, llerrown
nersey. 1 larscy, 1 loarsay, Hearsey, Hearsy
Ilersli"l->erfier, I'larsljur^'sr, Ilarshharger, llarshberger, Horahburger, Uersbl)ergar
Hersliy, llarshey, iiurshy, Herschy, Heisbey
Hess, ilese, llftsse. Ilcst
Hester, Hesters. liestlier
Heston, Heastant, lleastin, Heaston, lleestand. Hestand, Ueslant, Ilestanm
Hewlns, Hewen. Hewlngs, Huen, Hughon, Hughengs.Hughins
Hewlt, Hcwet, Hewett, Hewitt
Hewlet, Hewlett. Hewlit, Hewlitt. Huglilett, Huglilitt, Unlet. Hulotl, Hullt, Hullot, Unlllt
Hlbliard, Hehard. Heliliard, Helwrt, llebot, Hlbard, Hibl)ards, Hibl)art, lUblwrd, HIbbert,
Hlbblrd. Hlbbord, Hibert
HIbs, Hil)bs
Hickman, I leclanan
Hicks, Heck, Hecks, Hick, Hlckes, Hlx, Ulxs, Hyx
Hlckson, lllohsoD. lllckason. IHkson. Hlicon
nicock, HicciKk. nickcox, Hickixk, Hickocks, Ulckok, Uickoks, Ulcocks, Hicox
Hlst>y, HlRlie. Illgbee, Hlgbey, HIgble
nigden, Hlgdon
HiRgenhotham, Hegginbottom, Hlckenbottom, Hlckimbottom, nickiobotom, Ulcklnbotlom,
lllckuinlwtham, HIgemliotliain, Hlgginlmtham, HIgginliottom
Higgins, Heggins, HoKins, Uigan, HIgens, Higgans, Uiggcns, Ulggin, HIgings, Higlns
High, Huy, Huys, Hyc
Hlgley, Higly
Hildebrancl, Haldebrand, Heldebrand, Hellebrant, Helteliran, Hcllobrand, Ulldelirannd.
Hildenlirand. Hild.nlirant, Hildlebrand, Hillderljran, HllJebrand, Hillebrant, Hillibranl,
Hiltebrand, Hilterl Tand
nildrc th. Hildrictli, Hildrith, nilldreath
Hill, Hills, Hils •
Hiller, Hillar, Hillers ■■ ■.■■^•■.■■■■:
Hilliard, Hilleard. Hilliad. Hillvard. Hilyard, Hllyerd, nyllard. Hylyaid
HiUikcr, HilikiT. Hilker. Hill.<kor. Hillipar
Hilman, Hilleman, Hilliman, Hillman, Hillsmon, Hilsman
Hines,'Heigns,'ilein,"iiei'ns,'Hind, Hiiidc,' HJndes, Hinds,' iiine, Hinncs, Oyans, Hynds, Uyno,
H vnes. H vnn, Hvns
Hin'kle. Hin'ckel. Ilinckle. Hinkel
HinklfT, HiTikli'v, Iliiicklpy, Hinkly •• ■^■■■■■■■-
Hinman, Hcin.inan, Himlinan, Hineman, Hincmon, Hyndman, Uyneman, Uynman
Hinsdale. Hensdale, Hindsdale, Hinsdal
Hinton, n<nlon
Hisocx'k. Iliscox. Hiiscock
Hi-ser, Hnisir, Ileisser. Highser, Hizer. Hyeser ;;,--,.v;-'^.V""i
Hitchcock. Hicbecwk, Hi.-bfoy. llitchcocks, Hltchcox, Hitchkok, HItcock
Hite, Hi<ii;ht, llight, Highlh, Hights
Hitt. Hit. Hitt.s
Hoadlv. Ho;uiley
Hoar, "lloars, Hoor, Hore
Hoard, II ord • ■ ■ ■
Hol)art, Hobbard, Hobbart, Holwrt, Hoburt
Hobl>s, Hobb, Hobbes, Hol)es, Hobs
Hobl)y, Hobbey, Hohcy, Hoijy
Hobson. Hobsin
noch,.I[ocKJIocks,I^>ko^.^.^..^.^.^.^.^.y^-^-^^-j^;^^^
Hodgdon, Hoflgdan.
Hogdon, ) lop'dnn. 1 1 ogsdon
lSl?;in"H:igo"ins,'-'iwT,;,H"odTkin-gi;H^^^^^^^^
Hodskings. llodskins. Ilogeklns, Hogskem
Hodgiiian, HoiUvman, Hogeman
g^;l?r,™r,'?i'al,^;rn°'rFo'Ji;k°a",;°jiKa^."i'^^^^^^^^^
H nflman, H iifinan
&Cr?i^g:?'Kt^';:f™?≥ni^^
H"br<^k,nalbrookVHahhrook;noibrockVHolbroo^
HoKnialcom. rialconih: HalcimbeVHoiMm,' HoiMmW.Holcum.' Holkum
Hdld.n. Holdan, Holdln. Holding
Holder. Haider. Haidre. Holdare. Holder
76292—09 17
6.S
6.«
6.0
6.7
5.3
S.S
8.7
*.9
S.«
&5
S.0
6.8
6.6
6.1
6.6
6.2
6.7
6.7
6.2
7.1
S.3
6.4
4.6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.3
5.9
6.0
5.8
5.1
4.8
6.8
6.0
5.6
6.4
6.7
6.1
6.0
6.6
6.3
6.1
6.8
6.3
6.1
6.5
6.0
6.8
5.3
6.9
4.8
5.9
6.5
5.6
5.5
6.0
6.1
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.5
6.4
6.3
6.8
4.8
5.2
4.8
5.8
0.4
6.0
5.1
5.9
6.5
ai
5.9
5.6
5.1
6.7
1 I
61 326
20 112
23 116
333 1,610
1S4 , 791
57 I 262
27 128
43 ! 160
322 1,467
40 179
30
861
27 I
121
411
161
139
76 I 349
34 176
166 723
«7
181
68
22
22
102
44
24
19
loe
66
HI
21
297
847
287
134
116
661
169
125
84
472
344
549
83
426
366 1,458
111
347
230
82
32 142
234 1,104
60 207
25 115
34 175
67 336
1,284 5,878
29 154
71
18
42
121
294
87
179
602
230 1,030
177
99
101
26
67
18
26
213
62
21
30
67
20
61
157
33
64
84
64
21
29
285
59
ISO
22
28
176
133
156
36
479
4.%
148
2.17
89
113
974
236
97
153
265
103
217
099
179
231
181
320
1,255
245
100
168
1.42S
243
738
99
144
863
607
641
BKAM or rAiouBa.
57
13
< i
20
45 27
7 6
15 : 10
2 7
21 3
...' 31
12 II
!;;;'ii
16 34 109
6 2 12
25
40
20 I.
12 .
33
90 1
II ....
66 I IS
S> 1
31
85
18
1 I 2
31 3
7 I 20
29 34
20
12
« U
9
113 127
3
14
12 17
6 ....
2 6
72 114
1 ...
1 6
4 I
2
183
10
18
3
20
48
10 I
2
3
13
6
2
1
25
11 1
3
15 14 29 I
3D 12
8 , 16
U
246
Table 111.
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
x-OMFNCT aVrE dealing with NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
-NOMENCLATURE, DE^AUNG^V^^^^^^ AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Contmued.
* NAME.
■ Holabard,' Holabird/Holabut, Uoleburd,
HoldridRe, Holdrich, nolJ"P«. 5°nllf,?,f Hallebc-rt Holabard, Holaoira, iioiauui, uu.cuu^v.,
HSffloSKun^HoUands^o.^^^
Solmnon ll^omon, Ilolloman, Hollowman, Hollyman, tloloman •
Halston Holson. Hol3t<>n, Holstone, Houlston
Holt, Hoalt. Holts, Holtz, Hoults ;
Holtoa, Holtcn. Holtin
Homan, H onians. Honimon, Homon '.'..".".!".'.!!
Honey weTl.Honnowel, Honowell, Eonywell '.[.'.[..-.....■■
Hood, H oods v," ■ •,VVV i'. ■■■■
Hoot, Hooff, Hoofes, Hooft, Hunt
Hook, Hooclc, Hooke, Hookes, Hooks '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Hooker
Hooper
Hoops, Hoop - - - v^
Hoover, Hooter, Houver, Hover, Hovers, Huver '.'.'.'.'.['.'.'.'..
Hope. Hopes •^- -■:-.'■ ■^' " T-
Hopkins, II oopkins, Hopkens, Hopkin, Hopkings ]\[\['.\'.]'.\'.\\\\'.V.
Hopper.
Hopson
Horn, Home, Homes, Horan
Horaback, Hombeck, Hornbecke.
H
orner ■
Horton, Horten
Hosford. Horseford, Horsford
Hosier, Hoser. Hozier
Hoskins, Horskin, Horskins, Hoskin
Hosiey, Horseley. Horsley, Horsly, Hoseley
Mosto?ek"HSater,"Hasleiter,"Hoaiiater;Horseiiter;HoVslater;HoVtaU
Hotchkiss, Hoctiskiss, iiodVecase, Hodgekiss, Hodgkiss, Hotchkis.
M^lSiStS' lSh"unf S^"^; HlJ^hYnling; -iKioghteiing; Eooghtiiiini- Hoo^t^lini;
Hoophteling, Houghtalin, Huftailing ^
Houghton. Ilaughton, Hauton, Hougliten, Hougton, Eowton
Houk, H ovick, Houke
House, Hous Howse - - -
Houseman, Hausman, Housemen, Housman, Housmon
Houser, Howser, Howsor
Hovey, Hovy
How, Howe, Howes, Hows
Howard, H owart, Howerd. Howert ■■ i; • ■ ■ ; --i^ • ■ %■
Howell, Hawel, Hawele, Hawell, Houell, Howal, Bowel, Howl, Howie
Hower, Hour, Hourre • ■ • .■-■--■■■■;.■
Howland. Houland. Howlen, Howlmd, Howlmg, Howlmgs
Howlet, Ho wlett, Howlit
Hoxie, Hoxev, Hoxkey, Hoxsey, Hoxsie
Hoyl, H oile. Hovel, II oyie
Hovt, lloiet, Hoit, Hoitt, Hoyet ■-• — ii--,v:-.--i4--i,v"" VVj" 'C
Hubbard, Hubard, Hubart, Hubbart, Hubbat, Hubberd, Hubbert, Hubbirt, Hubboard, Hub-
bord, Hubert
Hubbell, Hubbel, Hubbill, Hubble, Hubill, Huble
Huber
Huekins. Huckens, Huckings i;- -;.• v;- "i,' ■ v " " ' 'tV i,'-' ;
Huddleston, Huddleson, Huddlestone, Hudelston, Hudleson, Hudleston, Hudliston
H udson, 11 utsen. H u tson - ■••-•.
Huggins, II ugaus, H ugens, Huggans, Huggens, Hugghen, Hugms.
Hughes, Hengh, Hewes, Hews, Hues, Hugh, Hughe, Hughs, H use, Huws
Hugliev, llowey, Uuey, Hughy
Hulin Ilewlin, HugWin, Hulan, Hulmg, Hulmgs, Hulim
Hull, tlul. Hulls
H ulse, U ulsa, Hulsea
H unies, H ume
Hummel, 11 umel, Hummell
Hummiston, H umberstone, Humerston. Htmiestone - • --•.•■■■
Humphrey, Humtrey, Ilumtrv, Ilimipherv, Ilumphes, Humphress, Humphreys, Humphries,
Humph'ris, Huniphriss. Iluihphr-, Humph-, Humphry, Humphryes. Humphrys, Humphys,
Humpress, Humpris, Humprys, Umlrey, Umphies,Umphreys, Umphiies, Umphry, Umphrys
Hundley, II unley, 1 1 unly
Hungerford , 1 i ungeford ■- ;
Hunnicutt, Honecut, Honevcut, Honeycutt, Huneycut, Hunneeut, Hunneycut, Hunmcut
Hunsucker, Hoonsacker, Hunsaker, Hunseker, Hunsiker, Huntsiker, Huntsucker
Hunt, Ilunte, Hunts
Hunting, liuntting
Huntington, H untingdon, Hunttington
Huntlcv, Huntly
Huntoon, H unten, Hunton
Hurd, Heard, Herd, Hurde
Hurlbut, II uribart, Huiibert, Hurlburt, Hurlbutt
6.4
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.6
6.8
6.6
5.7
6.8
6.6
7.1
4.7
5.2
6.1
5.8
4.9
6.9
5.9
6.3
6.0
6.1
5.7
7.2
5.8
4.6
5.7
5.4
6.1
5.8
6.4
5.7
6.9
6.6
6.8
5.6
6.2
5.6
5.9
4.8
5.7
6.2
5.5
6.4
6.1
5.0
6.3
6.6
5.8
5.6
6.5
6.2
0.1
6.7
6.0
7.3
5.8
6.8
0.0
6.8
4.8
6.9
5.7
6.2
5.8
6.1
6.9
5.5
6.4
4.9
5.4
6.4
29
157
62 218
262 1,073
23 118
6.3
6.6
4.4
7.6
6.6
5.5
4.8
6.7
6.0
5.4
6.0
5.6
96
64
53
66
110
128
527
18
22
302
53
46
24
17
113
16
79
68
118
48
147
30
471
45
35
177
38
42
272
26
20
111
29
51
20
151
193
45
130
42
163
27
51
SO
477
607
314
17
154
22
58
15
302
410
106
73
28
27
315
78
407
41
21
251
26
27
24
22
290
39
42
27
16
606
350
21
121
63
38
217
93
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
361
257
362
622
618
2,419
109
82
1,256
270
221
94
84
652
85
395
345
569
298
709
109
2,206
199
142
857
195
196
1,346
139
95
511
152
236
18
42 26
98
672
914
234
580
228
777
109
268
436
2,281
2,765
1,414
34
25
3 1
18
12 20 10
81
.. 22
104
292
94
1,435
1,976
527
347
106
159
1,466
328
1,956
208
103
1,142
135
106
106
96
1,378
169
234
91
106
2,807
1,691
80
687
265
168
1,084
424
18 53
14
20
1 i 17
16 I 26
,...1 2
4
67
3
38
21
39
21
1
22
8
31 32 1.... 65
8 16 I. ...I £2
18
11
15
29
3
6
4
10
13
16
35
23
3
5
6
10
10
7
26
3
1
10
17 10
1
1
10
19
6
1
25
32
GENERAL TABLES.
247
Table lll.-NOMENCLATURE DEALING Wirn NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continucd.
Hurley, Ilerly. nirley, Hiirly
Hurst, Tlerst, tllrst, Hursts
Hurt, Ilorts. Hertz !!!!!!!!!!!!! i !! !
Buson, Hewson, Utielison, Husong, Husson
Hussey, Hiisey, Hussee, liussy, Hurey, Huiy, Huiiev, Hmiy .........'.'.'.'.
Busted, Hustcad '
Huston, Uousten, Houstln, Houston, Ilueston, Hustoln, iiusU-ni'llustYn. iiiisiine'.
Hutoliins, Huchcns, Huchin:;s, Uuililns, Hu.lfon, Hudt'ins, Ihuk'ciiiis. lIu'lirpMii lliidging'
Hvidsins, Uutihans. llutclii-ns. Hut. hin, lIutclilnKs. Hutihoiis, llutrion. lluislilun
HulLhinson, Huclicnson, Iluilicson. HmliliLson, Iluihison, Hutiln-nsun, Hutchi-rson, iiuifbe-
son, Uutchlngson, Hutchison, Hutchonson, Uutchusson
Hut Ion, Huton
Uvatt, Iliat , HIalt, Iliet, Uiett, Hlghat, Ulghct, Uiot, iiiott, Huyet, Hyat, Hyet, Hyctt, Hyette.
Hyetts, Hyot. llyott
Hyde, Heyd, lleyiln. Hide '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Hyer, Hever, II i^lier, H yar, Hyers
Hyland, flichland. Highlands, Hiland. Hllands, Hllens, Hylan, Uylens .....'.'.'.'...'...
Byrnes, Ueiin, ileims, II line, Himes, Hyme, Hyms
Ide
Ingalls, KngalU, Engel, Engle, Engles, Ingales, Ingall, Ingals, Ingels, Ingle, Ingles, Ingoles, In-
golls, Ingols
Ingersoll, Ingarsoll, Ingcrsal, Ingcrsall, Ingersol, Ingersole
Ingham
Ingrain, Engram, Engrim, Ingrahani, Ingrahm, Ingrlme, Ingrm, Ingram, Ingrum
Inman, Innion
Insley , Endlcy , Endslcy , Endsly, Ensley
Irhy, Ireby
Irrland , Ir'esland, Iriland, Irjand
I rish , Irelsh
Irwin, Er^an, Erven, Krvewin, Ervln, Ervlne, ErvUig, Ervwln, Ervwn, Erwln, Erwine,
Erwlnn. Erwyn, Ir\en. Ir.in, Irvine, Irving, Irwen, Irwin, Irwlne, Urvln
Isaacs, Isaac, Isaat-ks, Isaalis, Isacks
Ishell, Isabel, Isbale, Isbel
Isham
I vcs
Ivey, Ivay , Ivy
Jack. Jacks, Jakes
Jacloiian
Jackson, Jacklson, Jackston, Jacson, Jaxson
Ja«--ob3, Jacl»s, Jacob
Jacoliy, Jachy, Jacoblc, Jcoby
JagRcr, Jager, Jaguar, Jaggers
James, Jams, Jeames, Jemes
Jameson, Janierson, Jameston, Jamleson, Jamison, Jammeson, Jammlson, Jamson, Jemcrson,
Jcincson, Jemeyson, Jcminson, Jemison, Jemlsson, Jemmlsoo, Jlmerson, Jlmeson, Jlmmlson. . .
Janes. Jane, Jayn, Jaync, Jean, Jeans
Jansen, J' Anson
Jacnifs. Jacques. Jacquess. Jaqua, Jaquays. Jaquess, Jaquls, Jaqulsb
Jaqiiith, Jacqueth. Jacquctt. Jacwith. Jaqiiet. Jaqueth
Jarrell, Gareft. Oarrald. Carrel, Garreld, Garrell, Gerald, Geralds, Gerauld, Oerrald, Gernuild,
Jarral. Jarrall. Jarrcl, Jerols. Jerould. Jerrald. Jcrrcl. Jerrell, Jerrold, Jerroll, Jerulld
Jarrett, Jarat, Jarrat, Jarrate, Jarratt, Jarret, Jarrot, Jarrolt, Jcrrcl, Jcrrctt, Jerrit
Jarvis. Garvis, Gcr\'is, Jar\'ais, Jarves, Jervls
Jeacocks. Jacocks
Jcllers. Jcfers. JelTu^
Jeflerson. Jcllison ■ ■ • .••.-••.-■ v --i.'' "
Jcller>-. Gallery. Oellerevs. Oefrlcs, Geofrov, Jaffray, Jaffrey, Jafrevs, Jcferes, Jeferls. Jeffcrlos,
JcUeris. Jetlerys, Jefliries, Jeflrcs, Jeflress, Jeflrey, JcHrcys, Jclfrles, Jeflrls, Jcllry, Jeffrys,
Jefres. Jcfreys, Jclrics
Jellit,son, Jealoson, Joalouson. Jeleson. Jclison. JeUeson. Jcllison
Jenkins, Genkins. <;inkens, Jalnkens. Jencans, Jcncklns, Jcnkcn, Jcnkens, Jenkln, Jenklngs,
Jinkens, Jlnkin;;s. Jinkins, Juncan, Juneans, Junkcn, Junkin, Junkins
Jcnks, Ginks. Jenckis, Jencks, Jcnkes, Jlncks, Jinks
Jenne. Jcnncy, Jenny
Jenness. Janis. Janus, Jennes, Jennls .......... —
Jcnnin-s, GenninRs. Gennins. Ginning, Glnnlngs, Glnnlns, Jenlngs, Jennens, Jennlng, Jennlns,
Jinirvc, Jinings. JinniuKs. Jlnnins ■
Jennison, Jenenson, Jeni'sin. Jeneson, JcnLson, Jenncrson, Jenneson, Jcnson, Jcnstone
Jermond, Jerenian, Jermain. Jemian, Jcrmin, Jermon
Jerni:4an. Jcmagan. Jernlan
Jcrom, Jaronis. Jearora, Jcarome, Jearoms, Jcroams, Jeroras
Jcssop, Jasup. Je;ksup, Jescp, Jesop, Jcssup, Jesup, Jesuph, Jeiup, Jusup
Jeter, jctar. Jetlior. Jetter
Jewell, Jewel, Jewlll
Jewett, Jewet, Jewit, Jewltt, Jouett, Juett, Juwet
Jilson. JiUson, Jilsom
Job, -lohb, Johe, Jobes, Jobs
Johns. John, Johnes, Johnns, Jon, Jonncs, Jons • ;" ■■■,"_■
Johnson. Jahnson. Jhonson, Johnsln, Johnsom. Johnston, Johnstone, Jonson, Jonslon
Joiner, Joinor, Joyner
Jolly, Jolley, Jollys
jOTdan; jau'don.'jordain'. jdrdecn, Jorden, Jordin,' jordoni Jordone, Jourdsln, Jourijan, Jourden,
Jourdin, Jurdan. Junlen. Jurdon - ■ • . • • • • ■ - ■ •■ • ; • • - • .•^i ill" ' V„LL'iir '
Josim, Jocclln, Joseylin, Josland, Joslen, Josllng, Joslyn, Josselln, Joss<!l>Ti, Josslyn, Joaylln,
Joyslin .'
Joy. Jove, Joys
Joyce, Joice, Joyas
Judkins. Judgklns
Judson. Jutson
Justice, Jiistes, Jiistese, Justis, justiss, Justus
S.9
0.2
«.0
S.B
0.0
0.0
S.0
S.7
0.1
«.g
S.5
5.8
5.8
4.0
5.6
S.4
4.8
5.3
5. 1
5.8
5.5
5.7
0.0
5.6
5.5
4.7
5.0
5.3
5.1
6.1
5.8
6.1
5.6
0.2
5.9
5.3
0.8
5.8
0.8
5.4
5.8
5.6
6.3
5.6
0.0
i.i
5.5
0.0
7.1
4.5
0.5
0.6
0.2
5.8
5.8
5.7
.S.7
5.7
5.7
6.3
5.6
5.5
6.2
5.7
5.7
5.8
4.8
0.2
6.0
S.2
S.7
29
176
72
19
192
44
25
31
57
66
294
34
25
23
137
55
42
39
785
248
31
23
408
140
55
20
35
42
49
41
118
16
47
21
96
19
455
93
42
40
274
34
31
15
20
39
16
92
150
18
23
113
2. 6411
97
40
2,561
163
811
341
97
918
241
120
148
208
303
1,301
130
108
94
651
249
199
195
3,635
1,112
"14
92
1,736
.■U18
27S
95
178
193
257
201
503
92
227
121
427
91
2,083
497
IS3
199
,241
152
154
91
90
213
89
475
716
87
109
530
12.3.VI
4IX)
213
11,739
372 1,062
97
»4
4«
117
65
70
21
33
56
SOS
442
218
sm
248
361
104
139
2»«
BSAM or FAWUSa.
5 2
63 140
104
29
17
287
It
41
S4
«
17
■j'
■j-
13
68
19
I
40
9
5
3
C7
14 22
5 3
1
3
1
45
11
10 1 4
41 I 18 -M
388 17:1
1 I -
9 3
210 ',3ga at Mi
u
10
14
13 : 14
...I I I 16
11
s I'io
<4
190
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
248
T.B.B 111 -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
Table 111. .NOMJ.WLi.Aiu ^^^ TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Contmued.
CouRhman, Cowrman, Kaufman, i.oflman, Kolman, Koulman
la^i<^r?aSf cifS: c4j]^r JSkior/caVior; Km^;Ki>iiei. Kaier; K^ior. -Kayior J i ::;:::::::;::
Keater, Keator, Koctcr, Kctor
Kcaton. Kcet an. Keetins, Keoton
Kocoh, Kfach. Keatcli, Keetch, Ketch
Keeter. Koafer. Keiler, Kciter, Keillcr, Kjeflcr . ^^ . . . . -^
Keel Keal Keale, KeaU, Kccle, Keels, Kchl, Keil, Kiehl, Kiel;
Keelen Kealer Keelor, Keelur, Kehler, Keiler, Kelah, Keler, Keyler, Keylor
Keeling. Keclin. Keling
Kcclv, Keeley. KeeUey, Keellj ■^■.■■i^:-%y^---i^--'
Keen Keaa. Keano, geene, Keens, Keign, Kein, Kerne, Kene
Keith. Keath. Keeth, Keth, Keyth, Kieth '.'.'.'.'.'..'.
Kdler, KeHar. KeUorc.KeUoe'.keUough; Keliow.'Keiu^, Kiilar, KYlier .
Kellogg. Keelogg, Kellasg. Kelleg, Kellegg, Ke loch, Kellock KeHog, Kelogg
KellT Kehlv Keilcv. Kcle. Kelcy, Kellev. Kely, Kiely, Killey,Killy.
KdseyrKelielsv, Kelcey. Kelcy, lEeUce, Kellsey, Kelse, Kelsy, KiUse, Kilsey, Kilsy
Kelso, Kelsoe. Killsa, Kilso
Kclton, Kalton, Kilton
Kemp. Keinpe, Kemps, Kimp
S^P'-^^'Sal^KeiS.l'KendeYel'KendleVKVnnda^^^
Kendall
Kindle, Kindol, Kindrcl. Kmnel. Kmnell
Kendriek, Keindrick. Kendrieks, Kenrick, Kindreek, Kindrick. ..^.-......^-..-■■-
Kennard, Kenard, Kenhard, Keniard, Kinard, Kindard. Kmhard, Kinnard. Kinnerd ...
KeSr, Canada Canaday, Canadey, Canady. Caneday Canedy, ran.day, Cannada Cannaday,
Cannady, Canneday. Cannlday. Cenedy, Ccnidav. Kanada, Kanaday, Kanadey, Kanady,
Kannedv, Kenada," Kenady. fCendy. Keneday, Senedy, Kenerdy. Kennaday. Keonady,
Kenndy. Kennedav. Kenncrdav, Kennidy -.• --i. -■.■■•■ vi-.- ■. ■;
Kennisto'n, Kenison.'Keniston, Kenistone, Kenneston, Kennison, Kineson, Kmiston, Kmistone,
Kinnerson, Kinneston. Kmnison - - - ■■••-■.-• if -^ i=i'.;.;A'
Kenny, Keaney, Keany, Keeney, Keeny, Keiny, Kcney, Kenney, Kenme, Kenoy, Keny, Kiney,
Kinne. Kinney, Kinny
Kent, Kint " - • ■ - • - - jl;.-
Kern, Kearn. Kcarns, Keem, Keiras, Kerne, Kernes, Kerns, ium
Kersey, Kearsey, Keersey, Kersy, Kirscy, Kursey . . ... . ............. .^.
Kesler, Keasler, Keesler, Keisler, Keissler, Kessler, Kieslar, Kisiler, Easier, Kysler
Kester, Keaster, Keester, Keister. Kestor. Kisster, Kistor
Ketcham. Catchem, Ketchem, Ketchum, Kitcham, Kitchum ^
Key, Keav. Kee, Kees. Keese, Kese, Keyce, Keyes, Keys Keyse. Keze. .......... ..
Kcykendall, Kikendal, Kikendall, Kinkendal, Kirkendal, Kirkendol, Kirkmdol, Koukendal,
Keysor Kaiser,' kaisor.'KayVeV.Kei'sVrrKe'isser.'K^^ Kiaser, Kiesser, Kioser, Kisear, Kiser,
kisor. Kizcr, Kizier, Kizor. Kysar. Kyser, Kysor, Kyzer
Kibbe, Kibbco, Kibbey, Kibby, Kiby
Kidd, Kid. Kidde
Kidder, Kiler
Kilboum. Kilborn. Kilbome, Kilboumc. Kilbum, Kilbumc
Kilgorc. KilTO. KillRore. Killgour, Killgow
Killam, Kellam. Kellem, Kollum. Kilham. Kilhcra . ............^..-
Killian. Kellan. Kellon. Ke'.lin. KcUine. Kellon. Killand, Killean, Killen, Killens, KiUm
Killmor. KiUmer. Killmore. Kilmer, Kilmor. Kilmore
Kilpatrick. Kelpatrielt. Killpatriok, Kilpartrick, Kilpatric^Kilpatrieck. .... ... ....
Kirnball Kemball. Kcmbell. Kcmble, Kimal, Kimbal. Kimbald, Kimbel, Kimbell. KimbU, \
Kimble. Kimbler, Kimbol, Kimboll, Kimbrcl, Kimbrell, Kimbril, Kimbull, Kimel, Kimell, ;
Kimil. Kimmel ■; ■■■■l^:--- vi: ••-•,-• -i;.- ■■ v ■ ■,■,
Kimberly, Kammerlae, Kemberly, Kemmerley, Kemmerly, Kimberley, Kunerly, Kimsbertly ..
King, kings j
Kingery
Kingman, Kingsman
Kingsbury, Kin'ibury, Kingsberry, Kin'sborough, Kinsbury
Kingsley, Kingley, Kingsly, Kinsley, Kinsly ^ ....... .^.......
Kinkaid,Kenkade, Kenkead, Kineade, Kincaid, Kincard, Kmkad, Kmkade, Kmkead
Kinner, kcnar, Keneer, Kener. Kenna, Kennear. Kenncr. Kenough, Kinear, Kinnear
Kinsey, Kensc, Kensy, Kincey. Kinsay, Kinsy. Kinzee, Kinzey
Kinsman. Kenman. kinman. Kinneman. Kinnemon. Kinomon
Kinyon, Keenan, kenan, Kennan, Kenncn, Kennens, Kcnnion, Kennon, Kenyan, Kenyon,
keonan, Kinian, Kinion. Kinnion, Kinnon
Kipp. Kip. Kipps, Kips
Kirby, Curbev. Ciirbie, Curby, Kerboy, Kerby, Kirbey, Kurbee
Kirk. Kcrk. Kirkes, Kirks
Kirldand. Kerl.land, Kirtland
Kirkpalrick. Kirckpatrick, Kirkpattrick, Kirkpetreck, Kirkpetrick
Kirshncr, Kershner, Kersner, Kii-sonor
KissinTcr JCoesinger. Kessinger. Kishinger, Kisinger
Kitchen, Kcachen, ketchen, Ketchun, Kitchens, Kitchin
Kite
Kittle, KcttcU, Kettle, Kettles, Kitle. Kittles
Kittredge, Kcttcredge, Ketteridge, Kithridge, Kitridge, Kitterage, Kitteridge, Kitterige, Kit^
torrid'-ie, Ki ttridge
Kitts, Kets, Kotz. Kjts. Kitt. Kitze
Klaw, Claus, Clause, Claw, Clawes, Clou, Clous, Clouse, Klause
Klock, Clock, Clocte
Knapp, Knap, Nap, Napp
Knecland, Ncland
Knickcrbacker, Knickabacker, Knickabocker, Knickebacker, Knickerbacor
Kniffln.
Knight. Knights, Night. Nights. Nito, Nites
Knott, Knot, Knots, Knotts. Knotz, Nots. Nott. Notts, Notz
Knouse. Knaus, Knauss, Knous, Knouss, Knows, Naus, Nous, Nouse.
5.3
6.1
5.6
4.9
5.0
5.5
6.2
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.2
6.1
5.5
6.0
5.9
5.8
6.3
5.5
6.1
6.8
5.1
6.2
6.2
5.9
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.0
6.0
5.7
5.1
4.2
6.4
5.2
5.9
6.1
6.0
5.5
6.0
5.6
6.3
5.5
5.6
5.5
4.0
7.0
5.9
5.9
5.3
5.7
6.2
5.2
5.7
6.2
5.0
5.9
6.1
6.1
6.4
5.8
5.6
5.8
6.0
5.1
8.2
5.4
5.2
4.5
6.0
6.1
6.2
5.7
7.1
6.1
6.0
7.1
6.1
5.6
5.1
6.3
20
134
18
24
25
27
31
34
44
118
39
17
102
135
17
164
195
550
124
21
29
116
26
195
71
42
85
689
83
94
101
121
161
154
189
528
162
87
735
680
84
779
1,033
2,400
587
122
118
603
136
963
321
191
48
182
180
81
32
39
20
102
1S2
27
129
53
53
66
97
36
30
39
22
47
1,626
910
843
334
101
209
84
497
929
136
583
210
242
349
434
164
136
116
133
228
442
30
877
17
33
117
120
57
33
53
31
142
155
104
45
48
18
26
41
25
49
37
18
27
25
283
20
22
34
424
88
27
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
2,182
128
4,095
88
138
555
618
227
162
268
159
631
267
714
504
223
198
129
114
174
88
245
188
94
128
152
1,440
100
135
174
1,960
359
144
34
15
15 29
14 53
1 I 23
7
7
1
1
137 18
1
21 24
13
15
16
34
1 28
7 51
18 47
9 22
81
90
23
26
75
23 18
23
71 112
23
25
1
1
1
5
12
3
12
3
48
9
"i
9
3
47
7
2
52
32
4
1
GENERAL TABLES.
249
Table lll.-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITU NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 \\-HITE PERSONS BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-CoDtinued.
Knowlos. Knolds, Knolo"!, Knoll, Knowpl, Knowdl, Kno\rls, Noal, Nod, NoeU, Nde, Nolea,
Noll, Nollcs, Nool, Noiil, Nowol, Nowcll, Nowplls, Nowcls, Nowls
Knowjton. Knoltoii, KnuuUoii, Nolton, Nolton, Noullon ."!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Knox, Knock, Noc, Noch, Nock, Nocks, Nox ""..'.".*.*."!!!!]!
Kreiiior, Knii«lcr, ICrt^eder, Krider !!!!..!!."!.!!!!!!!
Kuhn, KiiRhn, Kuhns !.!!!.!!.!!!".!!..!!!!!
Kuntz, Councc, Couiits. Counti, Cuntz, Cunie, Eunse, Eunts
Kurtz, Ciirts. Ciirtz, Kurts
Kyps, Kies, Kiso
Kygcr, KiRar, Kiger
Kylo, KvlM
KyscT, Itlsear, Kisser, Kisr r, Kysar, Kysor, Kyzer
Labar, Labach , Labaugh , Labch
Lackey, Lachy, Lackay, Lacky, Lakcy
Lacy, Lacey. Lalccy, Lascy, Leacy
Ladd, La<i,'Ladds."
Laferty, Lacllorty, Lallarlv, Lallerty, Lafflty, Laugbeny, Laverty.
Laird, Lard, Larde, Lcaird, Leard, Leird ;
Lake. Llake
Lakeman .
Lakin, Laikon, Lakins, Laykin, Leakins
Lamastcr, Lamastors, Lccmastcr, Ijcimaster, Lcmaster, Lumastcr
Lamb, Lam, Lambs
Lambert, Lambart, Latnpert, Lamput
Lamkin, Lambkin, Lain kins, Lampkins
Lamphear, Lamfier, Lainphn^r, Lampher, Lamphere, Lamphler, Lamphire, Lanpher, Loiun-
phear, Leamphere, Lcmphear
Lainson, Lamlisen, Laml)Son, Lameson. Lampsen. Lampson
Lancaster, Lancaster, Laneester, Laneestor, Lanchester, Langcaster, Lankester, LankisUsr
Lance.
Land, Lands, Lannd
Landers, Landa, Lander
Landes, Landrss, Landice, Landis, Lantes, Lantis
Landt, Lant, Lantz, Lanz
Lane, I,ain. Laine, Lains, Lanes, Layn, Layne
Lang, Lange, Langs
Lansdon, Lanilin, Landing, Landon, Landown, Langdin, Langedon, Langsdon, Langsdotm,
Lan«ston, Lanuton
Langford, Landfonl, Lanford, Langsford, Lansford, Lantford
Langley, Langlee, Langly, Langsley
Lanham, Langham , Laninan
Lanier, Laniere, Lennier
Lansing, Lencing, Lensing
Lapbam, Lappam, Lanpan, Lappum, Lapum, Lepham
Lapp. Lap, Lape, Lapli
Lare. Lair, Laire, Layar, Layer
Larkln, Larking, Larkins, Learkin
Larnfd. Larnard •■••• — • — • — •••■l
Larral>eo, Laraba, Larabbi, Larabee, Larabie, Laraby, Laret*, Larrabb, Larrabe, LarranI,
Larral>u, Larraby, Larreby, Larribee, Larribv, Ix)rabee, Lorrabon
Larrimore, Laramar«, Laremore. Larimer, Larimore, Laurimcr, Lawremare, Lawrlmor, I..aw-
rimore. Loramore, Lorimer, l>onimor ■
Larue, Lareu, Larew, La Kieu. Loreaux, Lerew, Leru, Lerue, Liirue
Lary, Lairy, Larey, Larreo, Larrey, Larry
Lashi
Lassiter, Lasiter, Lasitor, Lasseter. Lassetor, Lassitor. Lastcr
Latham, Latbem, Lathim, Lathom, Lathrom, Lathrum, Lathum
Lathrop, Latrop, Laulhrop, Lortborp, Lothorp, Lothroji, Lolrop, Lowthorp
Latimer, Latamore, Litiinoro, Latimor, Latimore, Latmer. Lattamore, Lattemer, Lnttemore,
Lat timer, Laltimoro, Lettimore
LatI a. Lata, Later, Lator, Latoure, Latter. Lature
Laugblin. Lalllin. LaBin. Laughling. Lofland. Loflln ;•■"■
Law. Lahr, Laer, Lar, Lauer, Laur, Laws, l,chr, Loar, Loher, Lore. Lorr, Lours. Ixiwar, Lower,
Lowers .
La\vnMK«,Laranee,LarencerLarincerLarrance, Larrencc, Laurance, Laurence, L«ur«iu. Law-
rancR, Lawrens; Lawrrance, LewTance, Lorance, Lorrentz, LowTance
Lawson, Lauson
Lawton, Laughton, Lauton, Lorton
'Lawyer. Lawyers, Loyer, 1/Oyers
Tj*\v I ^ich T ftvs .,,-.->,.- ,,->>--•--. ,,»..•*•-.-■•••-••---- ■ .•■••-••••■••'
LazHl.Laiells. LiU'enVLa<«*li LakseiirLakscils. Lazall. Laiel. Lazelle, Lazll. Lazolln
Leach, Leatch, Leech. Leetch, Leicht, Leltch, Letch, LIctch, Lltch
Leak, Leack, l^jake, Lcakes. l*ek, Leekc, Leeks. Lekcs, Llcko
Leary . Lerry
Leathers, Leather - • •; ."il ' V 1;.™.1,«.^k
Leavenworth. Lavensworth, Lavenworth. Leavensworth. I^vensworth. LevenwortD
Leavitt. Leavot. Lcavett. Leavlt. Lcvcit. Level. Lcvit, Levitc, Levitt
Led belter, Leadbetter. Letbetler
Lee, Lea, Leagh, Leah Leigh. Ley
Leeds, Lea<is, Leed * '
Leeper, Leaner, L,eiper '
Lees, Lc;is. Lcess, Lels, Leise, Leiss ■ ;■•■■"
Leeson, Leasen, Leason, Leasson, Lecsen, Leetcrson, Lcson, Lesson
Leet. Leal, Leatl, Leehl, Leels, Leil..... i ■ V ■ ■ • • W »" ir»™;
Letevpr, Lafavour. Leetever, Lefavar, l.e(avour, Leteever, Lo rover
l«(Ierls, Lctlorl
Lefflngwell , Lcppin well
uik'u"LrIte,"Leg7t'LigettVLegiet;Leg6it.i^-il^
Lo\X\"Lffi;La\ghton,^alton;Laten;LiU^
I«atoD
5.8
S.I
i.S
0.0
5.4
5.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
5.8
4.3
S.6
5.1
5.0
0.3
4.0
5.0
5.2
5.0
5.2
7.5
5.9
57
a2
5.5
5.1
&4
6.3
5.0
6l7
a4
&S
5.0
5.2
6.7
6.4
5.2
5.5
58
56
&3
58
6.6
6.4
6.4
6l4
6.3
6.1)
4.0
5.S
5.8
&7
5.8
&4
0.2
6.7
5.3
5.7
55
5.7
6.4
6.5
5.7
6.0
53
50
4.9
57
5.6
59
53
6.0
5.3
6.8
56
4.9
5.0
6.3
6.3
6.5
5.3
234
«2
171
24
25
37
30
20
16
18
24
16
47
97
4S
106
20
28
20
229
107
22
01
91
84
22
66
48
58
17
437
04
152
46
86
40
20
65
49
19
20
70
48
31
23
26
24
80
90
147
70
28
45
104
517
122
80
21
45
20
233
02
40
21
38
27
110
20
707
25
18
24
22
37
45
20
26
40
HBADfl or ruaun.
5.8 87
6.8 I 126
1,128
405
705
121
111
158
20O
106
86
80
79
8S
192
390
686
101
223
4(0
80
118
129
,126
606
114
276
374
453
94
220
226
314
04
2,019
270
718
202
360
203
95
251
258
91
91
306
168
212
134
100
91
119
386
422
706
311
146
212
448
,413
649
418
92
247
Ml
,167
288
177
82
179 1
124
663
86
,371
107
105
111
86
147
240
86
143
173
420
43
16 ...
flOS . ss
26 3
26
12
13
I
a 36
5
10 40
126 61
28 9
I
IS
22
27
250
Table 111.
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NOMENCLATURE DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS. BY STATES
-.NOMENCLAILtu.,^ TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Contmued.
Leland. Lalan, Laland, Layland Lealand, Leeland ."'.'.'."'.'.
lA'inar, La Mar. Lamar, LemarejLym^^^^ Leaman. Lee-
Lemiuon. Laman. Lanunou, Lanmionds Lamon w^"''". J Lemmonds, Lemmons,
tmr\e.uanrLemean, LeSSan7Le:SnoDd, Lemmonds. Len
Leiiii
man Lehman.
Lonioii, Lenioud. Lcmonds, Lemons, Limmon
i:ISnarfteanar"i^Vaniart;Leanord.^"earnardVLe^^^^^^^
Md Lenhart. Lenbert, Lennard, Lennerd, Lenord, Leonerd
»fSS^=^;s:^^^a:^f!^
LesteT,' Lciccit'er, Leister, Lestear, Lestoe, Lestor.
^'^"' ,\'eavens,'LeaviD." Leaving; Leavlns", Levaun'.Levene; Levin, Levins .
Levon,
L^w^ilhiT'^ewallenVLeweianVLeweiing; LeWeUin", Leweilying; Lewellyn. Lewillin. Llewellin,
L^fLeJ^'l^^s:u^wei°L;eWs.uWis,-i^i^-L^es.;^^^
UbbeyrLcbbey. Libbe, Libbee, Libby. Libe, Liby, Lybbey • • •
Licb. Leab, Lc'ib v .•.::■ ■ ".■■.■
Light. Leight, Leitz. Lighte. Lights, Lite - ]['.'.'.'.'.'.'.'-'-'.'.'.'.
Liihtn?rVLeghtneV,Le"ichtner,' Leightnei-,' Leitner, Litener. Litner
Ligon, Leggon. Logon. Liggon Ligrand
Liles. Leysle. Lisle. Lisles, Lyle. Lyles, Lysle
Lilliliridge, Lillebridge
Mn^ln"LinS^inkl^:L;ntoi;i:inkii.i;i:inkkiii;Lii;io^^
iind^^: LM^^'uridsyl'iLdie; Lingses^-Liiisay; Uiisey; L^^^^
Lyndsay , Lyndsey [[[..]" W
Lines, Line
LiS^lin'unr^ind^e^LtodsiLins.^'yilLyidlLViidelLiriidesiL^^^^
^Snel^'flSIin: Len^^ "Eenon; Li\^ai;;Linen; Lim^^
Linsley, Lenslee, Linsly !'.!.!!!.!
LipscL'b;L■asco■mb^■L^rame;■Lepscomb;■LesV^ Lisecomb,
Lisscom'b, Luscomb, Luscombe, Lysconi
Litchneld Leachfleld, Leechfleld, Leichfleld, Leitehfield, Litchfeld
Little, Liddell, Liddle, Litle, Littel, Lytle, Lyttle
Littlefleld, LittelQeld
Littleton, Lettleton, Lyttleton . . .■
Lively, Levelv, Liveley
T,i vermore Li vemore, Li verniar, Li vermoor - - - -. i-.- -.• • V " " " V'-' :
Livingston, Lavingston, Leavingston, Levestone, Levingston, Levinston. Libinston, Livenston,
Livingstone, Livington, Livinston, Liviston
Lobdell , Labdell , Lebdell, Lobdol
Lock, Loch, Locke, Loech, Longh
Lockhart.Lo'card,' Lochard," LocharV, Lockard; Lockart,' L'ockeart, Lockerd, Lockiieart, Luke-
Lockwood, Lackwood, Larkwood, Lorkwood
Lofton, Loften, Loftin ........ — — . . - ■
Logan, Logans, Logen, Loggan, Loggans. Loggm, Loggras, Logon..
Long
Longfellow, Longtelow
Longlev, Lengley, Longly ,-•-••,■ ,-
Longnecker, Longacre, Longmecker, Longnaker - - ...... .
Loomis, Laumiss, Loamis. Lomes, Lomice, Lomis. Loomise, Loomiss, Lumas, Lunus, Lummas,
Lumniis, Lunimos, Lunuuus
Lord, Laud, Land, Lawed. Lords
Loring, Loreing, Lorin, Lowring
Losee, Losa, Losey, Loshy, Losie, Losyee
Lott, Lot, Lotts, Lotz
Loud . Lowd ;••-■.■■■,■■■%
Loudon. Louden, Loudin, Lowdan, Lowden, Lowdon
Louks, Louck, Louk, Loux, Lowk, Lowks
Loun, Lo wnes, Lowns ■ - ■ ■ • - - -
Lmmsbury, Lounsberry, Lownbury, Lownsberry, Lownsburry, Lownsbury
Love. ,
Lovejov, Loviioy, Lovjoy...
Lovelace, Lovlace, Luvlace.
Loveland .
Lovell . Level -■ ■ - - • — .■ ■ ■ ■ — :
Lovering, Loveran, Loverem, Loverin. Lovran, Lovrin, Lovrmg
Lovet t, Loveit, Lovet, Lovit, Lovitt
Loving, Loveing, Lovin
Low, Loe, Lowe
Lowell , Lowel - - ■ • ■ ■ ■ -
Lowinan Lauman, Loman, Lomon, Loreman, Lonnan, Lorrman, Louman
Lowry Lauhery, Laure, Laury, LawTey, Lawry, Lohery, Lohry, Lorey, Lory. Loughrey, Lou-
ree, Lourey, Lourv, Lowerry, Lowery, Lowre, LowTey, Lov.Tie
Leva, Lloyd, Llovde, Lloved, Loyde, Loyed
Lucas, Locas, Locust, Lueass, Luccus, Lucus, Lucust, Lukess
Luce, Loos, Loose, Lose. Lous, Louse. Luice. Luse
Luckey, Luckie. Lucky. ........................ .^ ....--.-.
Luddington, Luddenton, Luddonton, Ludenton, Ludington, Luainton
Ludlow, Ledlo, Ledloe. Ledlow
Lndluni, Ludlam, Ludlim, Ludlom
Ludwig, Lodowick, Lodnich, Lodwick, Ludewick, Luawick
Lufkin,'Ln(Tkin, Luftkin
Luke, Luk, Lukes
6.1
6.2
5.8
5.5
6.5
5.6
5.1
5.4
7.6
6.0
5.6
5.5
6.5
5.8
6.5
6.2
6.8
7.1
5.3
5.9
5.6
5.7
5.7
6.2
5.1
5.5
5.0
6.5
4.5
6.2
6.4
6.7
5.2
6.6
5.6
6.7
5.9
5.6
0.0
6.0
6.6
5.6
5.6
6.7
4.9
5.9
5.8
5.4
6.5
6.1
6.0
6.4
6.2
6.8
6.9
8.4
6.1
5.0
4.8
5.1
6.1
6.8
5.4
6.8
8.0
5.8
5.7
6.1
6.7
7.2
5.9
6.6
5.7
6.5
5.2
6.3
5.0
6.5
6.2
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.8
6.0
211
33
36
66
145
16
42
29
344
119
1,022
147
1,757
167
231
635
106
209
133
HEADS OP FAMILIES.
35
\m
1,221
5,478
171
Kilt
17
94
46
238
18
104
15
91
28
119
66
333
20
«2
86
404
210
HH7
66
233
180
44
46
151
23
17
17
40
38
64
346
117
18
17
51
117
20
155
18
54
177
25
121
21 162
28 44 156
31 .... 1
19
23
30
234
269
85
23
58
26
31
33
19
46
128
77
17
41
75
36
88
17
309
83
31
177
126
163
111
26
24
20
23
33
20
38
769
199
186
682
81
88
92
189
168
222
248
1,642
570
82
86
255
644
92
713
103
865
121
636
2,183
90
116
162
1,228
,289
420
170
298
104
117
157
96
215
560
370
119
195
363
184
415
105
1,395
379
145
794
526
693
609
117
100
106
122
173
1 6
83 18
14
41
166
32
14
...1 1
1 ...
30 9
.""8"
18
24
3 2
"8
5 8
18
44 14
198 51
5
25
9
10
2
4
5
3
56
1
"6
1
2
3
19
1
3
29
"i
9
1
2
25
4
4
3
1
16
9
2
7
20
43
20
1
1
1
17
3
1
24
10
11
1
Table 111,
GENERAL TABLES. 251
-NOMENCLATURE nEALIXOWITFJ NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS. BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-<:ontuiued.
Lukins, Luken, Lukens
Lull ;i; ;;;;;;; ;;;;;;
Lum, Lume, Lumm, Lunin "]
LuiDbard, Lumbarrd, Luinbart. Lunibert '.'.'.'.'/.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Lumber '.'."'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".
Lunsfortl, Lunceford, Lunesford, Lunisford '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Lun t, Lund ',.'.'.'.'.'.'.'/.
Lusk
Luther, Louther "
Lutz. LooU, Lute, Lutes, Luts, Lutse, Lutte, Lutts, Lutie.!!!
Lyford, Leford, Lifard, LKerd, LIffard, Liford, Luyphard, Luyphiwd.
Lyman, L«iiiian, Liman, Lymans, Lymon, Lymond '
Lynch, Linch, LjTick, Lyntch '.'..'..'.'.'..'.'.'.'.['.'.'.'.
Lyon, Liou, Lioiis, Lyons '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','.'.'.
Mabee, Mabe, Mabio, Maybe, Maybee, Meabee, Meb7
Mabry, Mabberry, Mabery, Mabroy, Maybary, Mayberry, Mavbry, UaybiuTy Mayburi-
Mace, Mase. ''
Machen, Machan, M'han, Machian, Machine, Macken, Mackin, M«kln, Makeiis, Makiiw Mekins
Mack. Mac, Macks
Maclin. MLicklin, M^Len, M'Lin, M'Linn .
Macomljer. M^t'omber, Maccomber, M'Kumber, Macumberj M'Cuinber ".
Mecy, Macey, Maisey, Masey, Masi ..!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Madden, Maddin, Madding, Maddon, Maden, Madens, Madin, Matiing '.'.'.'.'.".
Uaddox, Maddax, Maddix, Maddock, Maddocke, Maddocks, Maddok, Maddiixi iiadocks Msdox
Madux ' '
Maden-, Madary , Maddera, Maddery, Madera ."'.'.'
Magooh , Masoone !!!!!!!!!!!!
MaKTUder, yi aj^ruda ]!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Manon, Mahan, Mahen, Mahone, Mayhon, Mehan. !!!!!]!!!!!!!!!!
Mahony. Malioiiey, Mahomey, Mehoney, Mohony !.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Maine, "Main, Mai'nes, ilains, Mane, Maiies, Mayne !!]!!!!!!!!
Major, Majer. Majoir, Majors .**.'.*"!".*!
Mai bone, Malhorn, MaliMjum, Maultwne "'"'
Malcom, Malcolm, Malconib, Malcum ' " ' '
Mallerv, Malaerv, ilalary, Malerv, Mallarv, Mallerev, Mallorv, Malory, ,
Mallet', Mallat. ilallett, Mellat, Mellet, lielot, Melott, Mollet, Mullalt, Mullet, Mullett.
Malone, Melone, Milone
Manchester ,
Manley, Manly
Maan. Man, Manns. Mans, Mantz
Manning, Maning. Mannan. Mannen, Maimin, Mannon, Mannun, Manon
Mansfield, llanesfleld, Maiifield, Mannificld, Mansleild, Mansfeld. ,
Mapes.
Maples, Maple
Marble, Mart«l
Marchant, Marchants
Marcy, Marcev. Marsey
Marden, Mardin
Marion, Marien, Marrion, Maryaun, LTerlan, Merlon, Jlerrean, Uerrlan. Menrion.
Markham, Marckum, Marcom, Marcum, Markam, Markum
Mark^ey , Markly
Marks, Mark, Marke, Markes, Marx
Marlow.
Marr, Mar, Marre, MarTs, Mars, Marss
Marriott, Marret, M;irrctt, Marritt, Marrot, Marrott, Merrlott
Marsh, March, Marsne
Marshall, Marchal, Marchall, Marchel, Marchle, Marshal, Marsheoi, Marshel, Marshell, Maishlli,
Mershall , Mershel , Mershele
Marston, Marsdcn, Marsdin, Marsdon, Maisten, Marstin, Marstone, Marstons, Masden, Mawlon,
Masten, Mastin, M^uslon, Morston
Martin, Martiin, Marten, Martine, Martins, Marlon, Martten, Martyn
Martindale. Slartimlal. Martindil
Mar\'ln, Mar\-ine, Marvins
Mash.
Mason, Malson, Mascn, Masons, Mayson
Masscy, Massa, Massay, Masse, Ma^ic. Massy
Masters, Master
Mather, Martlicr, Mathers, Mathcs, Matheys
Mathcwson, Mathison, Mathson, Matison, Matson, MattasoD, MatUfson, Msttcson, Msttbosoo.
Matthewson, Maltlson, Matison
Matlock, Madlock, Mathuk, Matlocks, Meadlock, Medlock
Matthews, Marthcw, Marthcws, Mathew, Mathcwcs, Mathewls. Mathews, Uatbb. Matburc.
Mathusc, Matthar, Malthes, Matthew, Mattbcwls, Matthls, Mstthws
Matthias. Matlilas, Mathies
Matlinslov, Mallenlcv, Mattculv, Mattlnsly
Mattock, Matoiks, Mattlekes, Matticks, Mattocks, Mattoks, Mattox, Maltuck
Mattoon, Maloon. M.itune, ilctune
Maxcy, Maxcy, Maxxlo, Maxy, Moxle, Moxy
Maxfleld .
Maxln, Maxcn, Maxon ■
Maxwell. Maxwel, Maxwtll, Mclxwill
May, Mais, Maise, Maize. Mayc, Mayes, Mays, Uayse, Mayses, Hayie. Male, Mcy.
Mayfield,
Mayhew, Mahew, Mavpw, Mayhuo • ■ - • •■ ■ • • • ■■;••,". ; " " '
Maynard, Malnani, Mainhard, Malnyard, Manard, Mancyard, Maynerd, Mayoord, Urnanl...
Mayo, Maho, Mavho, Mavos ...••••
M'.Kdams. M'Adam. M'.Vddams, M'Caddams
M'AfPC, .M'Affee. M'Kfce
M' Arthur. M' Arther, M' Anther, MK-artha ... ••••■■■ ■.;••■ ■■■- ■■■■■ „.>;:■•,••■
M'Aulev. M'f-allev, M^Callv, Maccauley, Maccauly. MTauley, M«CauUcy. M-Cauly, M-Cawley.
M'rawlv. MToIlev, M'CoUy, M'CuUey, M«culley, M«CuUy.Mecauley
M'nriile. M'bride. ^i'h^de
M'Caln, M'CaaIn, M'Cane, M'Kain .•■••
&8
&4
«.0
t.*
&4
18
&7
S.g
S.2
S.3
4.9
4.7
S.1
1.8
t.2
S.4
S.3
4.»
S.4
7.1
(1.3
8.3
£.4
&S
S.3
S.4
4.6
6.2
A.8
S.2
7.1
6.0
S.5
<l6
&.6
4.$
6.0
S.8
S.7
i.3
5.4
4.S
6.5
S.0
4.«
6.3
S.S
S.6
&4
7.1
&3
4.7
4.8
4.8
6.0
S.6
5.0
S.7
6.1
6.3
S.7
S.8
S.3
S.1
6.1
6.8
S.3
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.1
S.1
S.1
6.0
6.0
5.4
5.2
5.6
6.2
6.0
5.3
6.6
6.0
4.7
S.8
S.3
43
19
18
31
25
33
65
34
111
67
21
114
142
353
40
SO
SO
22
58
14
90
46
49
«0
22
27
49
S3
19
«0
34
21
21
109
61
49
82
57
306
190
127
35
23
64
24
22
33
20
45
23
112
33
46
30
325
207
83
90
187
111
126
304
IftS
471
291
102
650
5S2
.705
206
318
213
8S
254
86
471
243
214
268
114
120
174
276
91
381
207
104
94
504
275
173
412
276
,423
800
Sfil
136
126
258
94
116
148
91
199
140
477
121
177
113
,613
481 2,190
150
1,1C9
34
70
S3
478
114
73
91
733
5,509
175
3C9
249
2,297
485
296
461
HBAM or rAlOUE^
23 I 33
176 1,012
31 134
448
SO
24
18
20
20
46
37
138
2,065
239
114
89
102
81
187
185
692
546
121
100
164
91 339
90 473
S3 135
45
15
17
16
18
75
14
44 50
17 2
19
6 3
I
13
46 10
43 11
tt U
u <
u'....
a n
10 M
II
II
13
1
no
s
3
16
IS
I
8
3
4
58
1
252
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 111.— NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
M"Call, M'caU, ll'calle, M'Caul, M'CauI, M=caule, M^Cawl, U'CoU, MackaR
M^Callister, ll».\la.sier, M^.-ili-ster, Jl»Alister, M'.Ulaster, M'>AJlester, M»Amster, M'Calester
M=CaUster, M't'aUastcr, iK'allester, M'Callestor, M'Colister, M'Collstcr, M^Collester, M«Col-
listcr, M^Collistor, M'OUister
M'Cammon, M«rainon. M'Comman, M'Comnion, M«t'omon, M'kamman.Macomen
M'CancIless, IK'aiiJelcss, AW'andles, M'l'andlisli, M'Canless, JI'Kanless, M'Kindlcs
MtCann, M'.\nn, M'Cnan, M'Can, McCand, MtConn, M«Kan, M^Kann, Macon
Mt^Carter, M^arler, M^Cartor, M'^Karter
McCartney, M-^Artney, M^Cartny. M^Certney.
M=Cany, Macartey, M'Arthy, M'Cartee, M'^Cartey, M»Carthey, MVcMthyVM«Carti'e.'Maccartv.
Mccarty, M«Cortey .' _ _ '
M«Caslin, M^Auslan, M'Casland, Ma'Caslin, M^Casslin," M^Causiand, M'Causien.M^Caus^^^^^
M'Coslin, Ma'Cslia
M'Cleary, M^Clarey, M«Clary, M'Larry, M'Lary, MaCiayryVM«neareyVM»cie(?rvVM'oClerv,
M'Leary, M'liry '
'^w'?.','^"''' M'C'laland, M'Clalen, M'Claiin, M«ckilan,''M'dailen'"M'CiaiiiiV,' MVciavland,
M=Clelan, M'( leland, M'Clelean, M'Clellan, M'Clellen, M=cleIon, M'>Laland, M'^Laliaii M'-
Lallen, M'Leoland, M'Leland, M'leland, U'Lelen, M-^Lellan, McLellen, M'^Lillan
M'Clenahan, il'Clanahan, M'Clanathan, M'Clangen, M-^Clanihan, MtClanincham, fibciannan
M'Cannen, M-Clannon, M«Clathan, M'Clenaghan, McClenahen, H'Clenan, Jl^Clenethan,
M<C enhiham. M'Clennacan, M'riennalian, M'Clennan, M'Clcnnen, M^Clennin, M«Clennon
M'Clinahan, McLanan, M«I,enahan. Mi^Lenan, McLennan, M'Lennen
M'Clintock, M<:ientick, M<'lentock, MClentock, M'Clentorick, MVciintic, ' MVcunVick '
M'^Clintoc, McClmtoch, M^Clintuck, M"Lintack, M'LintocK
M'Clure, MClewer, M'^clevrer, M^'lour, MCloure, M'Cluer, M«Llewer, Ji^Lure
M<;iuskey, M'CIaskey, M^Clasky, MClesky, M'Clisky, M^Closkey, M^Closky,' MVcimk^",'
M^Colluni, Mi-.Vllum, M=Caliam, M«Calium','M^Coliani,' M'Colioin; M<'oilvijns','M="Coim' M"Col-'
om.M'Cullum ' , ^ui
IpComb M'Comlis, Mi^Conie, M^Coom, M»Coonib','M'Coombe,' M'=Coorns,' Macomb
M=ConneI, MtConal, M'Conel, M«conell, MoConell, M-Connal, M=Connald, M^Connell, McConveU
M^lvonnell ^ '
McCord
M'Corkle, M«Corkel, M'Corklilll, M'Coskifl, M^korkie
Mccormick McCarmeck, M"Camiick, M^cimick, M=Coiiiiiib; MVcomaciMcCoraach/MoCor-
mack, M Cormic, M'Cormuck ' , •u ^vi
^'jCown, M'Coun, M-Cowan, M«Cowen, M"Cowm,' W^Kowan," M«kowenVM=Kown' M»6'weu '
M'Coy, M'Coey, M'Coy, Maecoy, Macov, M«Coye,'M^koy' McKoye
^Mf^raMA.t'ifSi^iTfe^S' "''^=""''^' '^'"^'^''°' M-Crakin,- MCrehen, MoCreken,
MoCready, M'Crady Mcpredie, McCrcdy, McCreedy, M^eready, MVEeady,' Miiiedy
M"Creary, M=Crary, M^Crearea, McCreaiey, MoCreerv, M^Crery. M.:Rearv M^Rrear
M^Quown
M'Curdy, M'Curday, M'-Curdev, Mt'Curdie
M^Cutchen M'Cuehin M.Cuchion, M' Cutcheon, McCntchin,' M^Kutchen; '.
M'pamel, M'Danail. M'Dana^d, M'Danals, M^Danel, Mac Daniel, M<daniel, McDaniels' M"=i5anii
M'Son^eil/ """ ' '^°°^°°''"' Macdanniels, McDannil, MoDanold, M^DanoWs, McDonfet
McDonald, M'Donal, Mcdonald,' "M'-Donais,' M-DonanaMV MoDonefd,' McDoneir ■M=i)oinaY
M^DTO°eU Mc'd?'* "" ■ **'^'"'°el. McDonnell. M»DonnoId. McDnAn™ Mcn„l,„,H "°°^^^'
P??°T?'' *''l'<""i<^ll. M»DoniioId, McDonol, McDonold.
McFad'ion. '^'°' ^°^''^<"°' M'Fadding, M^Faddon, McradenVMcFadian/Mcradien,'
McFall, McFal'ls, M'FaliT.'.
K!E^"'?i M'Farran, M.;Farren, Mcfarrin, MTFarron.^I^Ferren S?F„rl'' M^S^;;;,;"
i^:^s^s^^^£0smsmssmis^
M=GiU, M Gill, Mcgiu, Mace
McGinnis, McGinnes, '
Meginnes, Meginnis
M'Goweu, McOowan, M' Gowin, MVdiwn, McGowns
M'Graw, M'Gra, M'Grah, Magraw, Mograw
Mcp! !' i G"'^Mcgill, Macpill, MaGill Magill, MeagYli,'Megil7MeKiU
""uZ'^k^^l^^h *''°"^'«^' ""''"°'^- ka8in^es,'Ma|inis, l^a'g'i
Maginness, Maginnis,' Megiii'es.
M^Gnie, M'-Grew
ulu^?' ^;S^!!; ""S"'?' MiK-'i^. M^Buire; McGuyer,MaGuire;MaBuire: MW^niW;
M. nenry,"M.-nenar"y, MViieS"ery""°' '"'^'^"'"" '""""■V". Mauuire, Maguire, Meguier.
^,l]ff\< 'i'''^'"',;i''i! '^a<:'n;<',sh. Mcintush; MackendorshVii^kentush '
M'lvcr, Mctver, McEvers, M'lvair, M'lvers j^omuin.
Mckay, Macay, M-Cay M^Hay, McRae, MacKay'. Mackav,Mckays' " '
Mckean, Mckeand, McKeen. M"Keene, McRein McReine ^^'^'^■■■-
Mc'l^'i';''; ^L'^^f!"'',' *'\'i';!P' ,M=L'ale'p, McCalop. Mckeliip,' Mckeilnp' McKilVon
M«Iv nley, McCnIey, Mcdnly. Mcinley, McRindlev, M«Kinlav MSktalv
McKimien, McCiuuan, McKennon, McKinnin, Mckinnon ^
5.1
6,7
5,7
6. a
0,2
5,3
4.8
4.9
5.3
5.9
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.5
5,7
5.6
6,0
5,1
5,7
5,4
6,5
6,9
7,5
5,8
5,5
5,8
6.1
4.9
5.3
5,6
6.8
5.5
5.8
6.7
4.6
5.5
4.6
4.8
6.5
5.3
6.4
5,6
6.5
6,9
6,7
6,0
5.2
4.8
6,2
5.3
6.2
5.4
5,8
5,7
4,8
111
23
20
60
27
45
126
27
63
178
72
54
156
66
44
124
46
22
43
224
64
24
37
4C0
132
94
214
114
194
499
106
265
873
308
251
712
100
208
565
231
91
200
994
354
141
240
206
330
135
33
154
86
49
34
34
38
18
74
28
204
78
22
104
37
234
19
47
25
354
258
92
858
1,291
687
151
250
155
246
225
107
721
96
585
388
212
151
160
172
107
351
141
851
297
114
442
193
1,031
92
220
94
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
13
14
22
15
26
27
25 37
4
2
18
9
20
13
3
7 14
7 1
5 4
11
7
23
11
22
26
10
n
10
13
38
GENERAL TABLES.
253
Table 111.
-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1700-Continued.
U'lCinney, M'Clney, M'Cinney, M'CInny. U'Heney, U'Hinney, H'Kener, U'KeniMy,
M'kenney, M'Kenny, M'Klney, M'Klnna, M°Klnne, MacKinney, M'KJmiey, M'Klnnle
M'Kinny, M'klnny, M'Klny '
M'Klnsey. M<'in«<y, M'Cinzie, M^nsey, M'Keiisec, M'Keiiscy. Jhkensie. M<kensy7M»Kenile
Mackenzie, M'Kenzy, M'Kliisay, M"Kliiseg, M«Klnsel, M'Klnsey, M"Kliisie, M'Klnssy,
M'"Ivinsy, M'^Kinzey, M^Kiuzie
M'Kishot'k, M'Kessltk, M'Kessiik, M'Kleseck, M'KJslck, M'KlsocW M'kissackrM'KJsseck,
M^Kissek. M^Ki.^sick. M^Kissix. M-^Kissock. M'Klssox
M'KniKhl. M'KneiKlit, M'Kilito, M'Knilt, M'Ni'i;ht, M'NIght, ii'Nllx.. ./.......... .....''.'.'.
M'Laiighlln. M'i:iuolil;iii(l, M'daclilond. M'lihiL'hlin. M'Olauchlln, M'Olaughjan,'MVoiaiii!hlln,'
M'Cilochlan. M'<;iothlanil, M'<ilochleil. M'i;iocklln, M'<;luhlan. M'iMohlin. M'<lluiighlan,
M'Oloughlin. M'Kloiighlin, M'l.whiand, M LiM-lilMl, M-Luchlln. M'l.iicklln. M'l.aghlln,
M'Laigtilln. M'Laiighlan, M'Lauglilaud, M'l,;ii]!;hlen. M'Laughllii, U' Laughllng, M'Lauglln,
M'Llaughlin, M^LfK-klin. M^Ioiighlin, MMjighlin
M'l^aii, M'Claen. M'( lain, M'clain, M'( lalne, M'Clane, M'Clean, M'Clene, Maclaln, M«LiUi,
M<^lain, M^Luinn. M^LiUie, M'luno, M'-Lean, if^Iean, M^Leane, M^Loain, U'^Lene
Mfl,<nn()re. XKleinore, M*^ Lamar. M'^Lainuro. M^I,enioore, Mat-lemore
M'Leoii, MH'laii.l, M'Cleod, M'Cload, M'I'lodc, M'Clond. M'Load, M'lxiud. Macloud
M'Lcrran, M'Claran, M'C laren, M'Clarin, M'Claron.M'Clarren, M'Clerin, M'Clerran. M'Cleiren,
M^flerroii, il^Laren. M'l^ran
M^Mahan, M^Mahen. M'Maliens, M<^Mahhan, M^MaliiD, MoMahon, M«Mayan, M«MetLan
M ^Masters, M^Marster. M-^Mansters, MfMastcr
M'Mlchael. M'Mical. M'Michal, JI'Mieheal, M'Michel. M«Mlckle, M«Mlhal, M'Mlkel
M'.Mii:en, M'Mellen, M'Mellens. M'Millan, M'mlllan, M'mlllen, M'Mllllan, M'MUIIn, M'Uilllon,
M'nillllon, Macmilllon, M'Millon
M'Min, .M'Mlnn, M'ilins
M'Mtillen. M'Mollen, M'Mullan, M'Mulland, M^ullen, U'Mullen, M-Mullens, MoMulIln,
M'MnMInd, Sil^iMiillIng, M«Mullon, M«Mullun, M'^Mulyen
M 'M iirphy . M 'M iirphey
M'Miirray, M'Muny. M'Murrev, M'Murry
M = Nair, M'Naro, .M'.Voar, M'Neor, M'Xolr, M'Nlrc
M^Xaii;;hton, M^Xiulon, M^Xatiin, M'-Nalton, M'NaughtIa, Macoaugbton
M'.Ni civ, M'Kncllv. M-Nrally, M'Nealy, M'Nellv
M'NkI," M'Knial,M'.\.al, Sla< ntal, M'Ncalo, M'Ncall, M'HmI, M'Necl, M°Neele, M°NeeU,
M'Ncil, MacNoil, M 'NVile. M 'Nolll, M«NI(11
Mcpherson, M-^Farsht-n, M<'Farshon, M'^Farson, MaoFashion, Macfason, M^Fawson, M'FcrcIn,
MeFcrshion, M''Fersin, M'^Fersion, M^ferston, M^Ferson, Meferson, M^Pharson, Macpberson..
M'Qucen, M^qnian
M'Rae. M'Crac, M'Cray, M'Cre, M'Crea, M'Kra}-, M-'Ra, M«Kay, M«ray, M<Rea, U'Reo
M'.Swainc, M<:Sw3ln. M'Swane
M'tyre, M'Teer, M«Tecre, M'Tere, M»Tler, M«Tiere, M«Tyer, M«Tyre
M'Vav, M Vay, M'Vea; M Vea, M'Vcagh, M'Vey, M Vey, M«Vie
M'WIiortcr
M'WlIllanis, MoWllliam
Meach
Meacham, Meat-hem, Meachum, Mechcm, Meehum, Meecham
Mead, Meade, Meades, Meads, Mcde, Medes, Meed, Meeds, Meld
Meader, Mcaders, Meador, Meadors. Meder, Mccder
Meadows, Madows, Meadow, Medows
Means, Mcancs, Moeans, Mecn . M c ens, Mcin
Mears. Moair, Mcar, .Mcare, Meers. Mrini *•
Medlin, Mi'dlen, Mi-dliMig, Mcdlin;;, Medlong
Mcekir, Meaker, Michor, Meehur, Metkor, Meecker. Meker
Mocks, Meak, Mcake, Meaks, Meetk, Meecke, Meek, Meeke
Meigs. Mei'gs. Mciggs
Melchor, Mih hear. Jlekhoir, Melcbcr, Metker
Mellen. Mcllin, Mclllng. .Mcllins, Mellon
McUlngiT, Mlllenger. llillinger
Meloney, Melona, Melonay, Melony, Meloony, Melowney
Meloy, "Malloy, Maloy, Melloy, Molloy, Mulloy
Mellon
Melvin. Melven
Mendall, Mendal, Mcndell .■■■.■.• v; "• j; ■■,.■ iV \.' " ii L' '.i ' V>" i' ' 'n"
Mcndingall, Mcndenal, Mcndenall, McndcnbaJI, Mendinall, MendiDgbolI, Mendintaall, MenlnaU,
Meningali, Mondenall
Mercer
Merchant
Meredith. Meredeth. Merldeth, Mcridlth
Merkcl, Merckcl, Mi rcle, Merkcle, Merkell, Merkll, Merkle, Murkic
Mcrriarn, Meriam. Miriam -.■.■••■.;■■;;;■ ' V 'V.'i" ' L" »>i.;i"_VV»'il»*w* 'miUIL* '
Merrit k. Mera< k. Mcragh, Merick, Merricks, Memk, Mlrach, Mlrcck. MUlch, Mlrlck, MIrIek,
Mirrick, M\Tick .-•;;■■.■.;■,".■",■. n'l i
MerrlHeld, Marafield, Marrlfleld, Maryfield, Merefelld, Merineld, MerryOeld ..^.......^....
Merrill. .Merell, Meril, Merlll, MerUls, Merrcl, MerreU, Mcrrells, MciTcIs, Merrll, McrrUIe, Merrllb,
Mcr^inlaii.' Meremdn,' Mertmaii' ' MOTenian,' Merrymaii,' MenVmoon, Merrj-moone, MIrljnan,
llcr}il™MereVt; Merit,' Me'rittVMcmtt,Me^et^^ Merrits', Merrot, Mlriit, MIrritt..
Merrow, Mero, Merow • • • • ii'lU,.
Merry. Mairy, Marey. Marry, Mary, Mao'S, Mercy, Mcrrey, Meirie
Meserve, .\Iesserve -•--■ ;;:■•, — J
Messenger. Me^enger, Mesinger. Mcssinger. Mlsingcr. Mlsslnger
Messer. .Mcscr, Mcsier, Messar, Mcssers ■.■.■■.■■,■."•■:<' VViM^li'"
Metcalf, Madcalf. MedcaO. Medcalf, MedkiO, MidcaH,Mldcu(s, Mitcalf -■...-.
Metzg^; Ma"get: Mel^,"Metsger.Me{sker: llietzear; -^-Izer; Mj^^^M*^^^ -^l^' ^^^ •
Mever, Maher, Mair, Maire, Maircs, Mairs. Marc, Mares, Mayer. Mayers, Majhr, Ma)or3, Ue>en,
MkSMicSTincaUMichaeisfMichai/MichaiKMid^
Michle, .Mickel. Mickcll, Mickle, Mickles, Mibacl. Mikell '.'."'.'.'.'.'.
Micheau, Michaux, Micheaux
Mlddlehrook, Middlcbrooks, Midlebrook ■■■■■■■■
Middleton. Midelton, Midleton. Myddelton, Myddleton [\]l\[\][['."[\"'.'.'.\'.
Minfi^ra. Mi'lbera: M iVbora; Milbourn,Miibiii; MlillMiuiiVMlUbiii".': ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
MUes, Mial, Mials, J'ylcs
S.S
6.4
6.4
6.6
4.9
4.0
6.7
6.0
6.4
6.8
6.4
6.4
6.6
5.7
6.1
4.8
6.»
6.6
6.0
4.6
6.8
4.6
5.8
4.0
5.6
5.1
7.1
5.2
5.0
6.2
4.6
6.6
5.0
5.4
4.6
5.4
6.2
6.0
4.7
6.8
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.2
6.8
6.0
6.8
5.6
«.0
6.0
5.8
6.6
6.9
6.8
&0
a6
6.2
5.8
6.9
6.7
5.8
6.9
6.1
&e
5.1
6.0
6.0
6.6
160
118
128
278
24
132
32
41
60
30
91
17
738
410
106
413
1,266
94
477
161
1««
272
167
436
91
164 723
20 80
27 I 126
49 \ 203
21 80 .
22 108
I
168 : 764 .
121 '
24 I
106
22
18
35
19
44
16
48
282
<•
43
40
38
20
44
60
30
23
31
16
20
26
45
30
21
44
62
66
68
41
81
143
23
4K9
87
606
78 ^
67
137
■SAM or FAiousa.
179
91 ...
248 ...
,386 I 1
212 2
164 ...
263 4
162 1
87 I...
163 1...
250 ...
166 ...
114 I 4
114 ...
92 ...
103
101
183
132
95
..I I
256
278 ....
237 1
336 ....
304 ; ....
3
659
116
375 1,870
107
200
24
42
21
66
60
126
29
27
157
132
18
18
72
23
24
30O
513
920
118
20O
106
306
269
605
141
127
763
660
91
83
297
111
oe
906
10
1
.„ ....
14
15
9
7 48
1
4
'i
8 23'
38
18
8
3
j'ii
'U
86
13 10
3
3 ....
14 I 13
> 1
6 1
11 ....
18 ....
• 3
7 3
3
4
3
«
•
4
19
33
US
11 87
S ....
8 ....
1 14
1 1 15
9 38 10
33
254
Table 111.
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
NOMENCLATURE DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 T^TIITE PERSONS, BY STATES
-^^^^^^^^ AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-CoBtmued.
Milev. Milio. Milley, Milly...... ;■;;;
S'M^"^.iSl"'^^;MiUaie;mil^;i^^^^
5J'M''*;n"' MiLin "Mu'ean" Mirekin ' MilVg^ui: MiiiBin: •MiYitan": Miiiken,- Milikin, MiUagan,
"•mISd iime^g^ M.m?an'^S& Mi&. Milflkan, MiUiken. MiHikin
Millins. Millin, Milling, Millon.
Mills. Mill, Mils
MiUspough
Milton, Milten - - • ■ -. ii-J" ' '
Miner Miners, Minner. Minnor, Minor, Myner..
Minich, Mincck, Minick. Minicks, Minmck
Minot, Minott.
MUehei,''Mtethel!'MiTchei; uM^ Miichai; Mitehali; Miichele; MYtcheli,- Miicheis,' MiichieU,
Uitcliil, Mittchel \["..\..[
Mixon, Mixen
Mobley, Mobly
Mock.
Mofi't Morfet. Morlit. Morfits, Morfitls. Muffet.
Moncrief, Moncrietl, Miincrief, Miincriep, Mimcnfle
Money. Monee, Moanys, Mony. Muuey, Muniiie '.'.'.'.'.'.'...
Montaeue "Montaikue,' Montaiige,' Montgue, Montigue, Mountague
MonWort ■'tfonford Monfort. Montford.^ountford, Munford. Monfort, Mimtford ^....■
K mmery Mongmnery, Montgomary, Montgoraeroy, Montgominery, Montgomorey Mont-
™rSrs.Iontgunr;nary:Montg>- Motgomery, Mountgomary, Mountgomery, iToiintgHmry
Moody, Mody, 'Moodey, Moodie, Mooty, Moudy
Moon. Moone
Mooney, Moonie, Moony - — v/ "J." ' U:.:,.:^' '
Moore, Moers, Mohr, Moor, Moores, Moors, More, Mores, Moure.
Moran. Morang, Morans. .
Morehead. Moorehead, Morehed, Morhead.
Morey,'Ma;i;-ay;Maurev, Mamy, MMrey: Morai; Moray; Mor'ei^', Morrey; Morrie, MotiV, Mory,
Mourev Mowery, Mo'wra, Mowre. Mowrey, Mowry ■- <;'\:"\'r",^i.\;^'
Morgan Maughan.Maiighon, Morgain, Morgen, Morggen, Morgin. Morgon. Moiighan. Moughon.
Morfill \Ioirel Moral. Morel. Morell, Morill. Morral, Morrall. Morrel, Morrell, Moml...
MoKis.' -Maurice, Moorite. Morece, Moress, Moris, Morish, Moriss, Morits, Moritz, Morres. Morress,
MOTfeon^'MM'rifoi, MomonVMorisoii; Momson,' MorrissonVMorriston, Morrosen, Morroson,
Morrowson
Morrow. Moroo, Morow, Morraw, Morrows, Murrow.
Morse. Moorso, Morss
Morton. .Mortain, Morten, Mortin, Mortom
Moseley, Mosely, Mosley, Mossley, Mossly
Moser, Moasser, Mosir, Mosser, Mossir
Moses, Mosses.
Mosier, Moslier, Moshier, Moshure, Mosure, Mosyer, Mozier
Moss, Maus, .Uoess, Mosce
Motley. Mottlev
Mott.'.Mot, Mote. Motes. Motte. Motts, Motz
Moule. Moale. Mole. Moles. Moul
Moulton, Molten, Molton, Moulten
Mount, .Mont, Montz, Mounce, Mounts, Mountz
Mourer. Mourir
Mower, Mowerer, Mowers, Mowrer
Moxley, Muxley - • ■ ■
Moyer. ,Moier, Moir, Moires, Moirs, Moyar, Meyers, Moyr, Moyre.
Mu'dd, Mud
Mudge
Mudget, Mudgett, Muget, Mugett, Mugget, Muggett.
Mul lord
Mull
Mullen, Mullin, Mullinax, MtJlon.
MuUer.
Mullican, Mulliken, Mullikin, Mullokin
Mullins. .MulUngs
Munilord. Mumloort, Mumplord
Munday , Monday, Munde, Miindy
Mundin, Munden, Mundine
Munger, Mungar
Munn, Man ■
Munroe, M»Row, Monro, Monroe, Monrow, Munro, Munrow
MunscU, Monsel, Muncil, Munsel, MunsU, Mimsill
Munsoa, Monsen, Monson
Murch. Morclie
Murdock. Moordock, iiordack, Mordoch, Mordock, Moredock, Moredocke, Murdeck, Murdick,
Murdoch.
Murphy, Mortey, Morphy. Murfee, Murfpy, Murtree, Murtrey, Murfy, Murphey, Murphree, Mur-
phrcy, Murphrv, Murproy. Murpry, Murpy
Murray, Muray, Murev. Murrah, Murree, Murrey, Murry
Murreil. Murrel. Murri'l. MurriU
Murrin. Murrain, Murran, Murren, Murrine, Murring
Muse.
Musgrove, Musgrave ;;■■■:,■, ;;■■■; .VV \V 1'
Musselman, Moesselman, Muselman, Mussillman, Mussleman, Musslman, Mussulman.
Musscr, Muser
Muzzy, Muzy, Muzze,Muzzey... ...... ..... ;;■-■
Myers, Miars, Mier, Miers, Mire, Mires, Myars, Myas, Myer, Myor, Myre, Myres, Myrs.
5.9
5.4
5.7
5.6
5.8
6.0
5.6
6.7
6.7
5.3
5.0
6.4
7.8
5.6
5.1
6.3
5.9
6.3
6.5
6.0
6.3
6.1
5.4
5.6
6.0
5.4
6.1
6.2
5.4
5.6
6.0
5.5
5.3
6.1
5.9
5.7
6.1
5.5
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
17
52
2,225
37
91
18
423
17
29
200
25
25
25
704
48
16
25
34
19
87
16
34
33
47
32
223
190
71
43
1,724
25
33
82
38
164
604
188
608
84
228
10,469
171
435
90
1,926
97
164
24
5 1
138 31
22 1
3
5
36
5.7
6.0
5.9
5.5
5.5
5.5
6.0
5.5
5.9
5.9
6.6
6.5
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.7
6.1
6.1
5.6
6.4
5.6
5.4
5.8
4.8
6.2
6.3
5.6
5.5
6.6
4.6
5.6
5.9
5.7
5.0
5.6
4.8
5.8
5.5
5.3
5.3
4.5
5.6
5.0
6.3
6.1
6.9
6.8
5.8
101
136
171
3,201
195
85
122
180
104
437
85
172
146
215
160
982
970
370
191
7,977
124
149
354
195
2,838
952
2,741
1,581
674
2,112
1,170
537
361
404
601
710
89
729
94
726
115
89
201
96
337
134
435
262
118
81
88
147
144
18
159
17
159
24
18
43
19
218 11,114
24
no
24
129
22
101
25
109
19
91
,59
Z£^
28
146
20
106
30
139
71
.322
30
137
23
S2
49
225
36
176
192
903
24
95
105
480
23
88
19
92
110
41
30
20
21
33
23
16
404
8 21
101 356
27
498
1,311
1,236
145
137
80
112
168
135
92
1,948
10
13
3
1 1
172 152
... 1
2 1
38' 34
73
17 68
23
5 30
95 48
1 33
32
83
109
110
1
13
8
33
18
1
3
3
2
1
46
3
55 115
1
119
11
4
5
3
3
6
1
3
40
15
3
i2S
1
4
46
5
56
12
31
2
6
10
11
1
12
3
2
45
29
11
22 26
GENERAL TABLES.
255
Nace, Naess, Nase, Nass
Nacle, Nagnl , Nagleo, Naigly
Nail, Nallp, Nails, Nale, Nayle
Nally, Nallrfi, Nalley '.'.'.'..'.
Nauco, Nan! z '.'.'.'/.'.'.'..'.
Nash Knash '.'.V.'.'.'.'/.'/.'.'.'.'.'..".
Nason, Nasson, Nayson '.'."'.'.'.'.'. '
Navi" , Knave, Kn<'a%'cs, Ncave ...!.....
Naylor, Nailer, Xfiilor, Nalnr
NealT, Kii:mf Kiuaf KnuU Naaf , Nsiic ' Niil.' Ncof,' Neifs,' Neil',' Nd'ff
Nca , Kno«l, Kncil, Neall, Neale, Neall, Neals, Noel, NeeU, kell. Nelll h
Nit'l,-" '
Niel, NiGle, NIcU, Nlelle,
N^V^dc^: Noly .^nK'^.'. ^.'^?'.'.!!"^.^'. ^.^!'^] '^^^'- '^'^"^'- ''*«"*'y ■ N'"'«V; NiiUy;
Nocdham, Ncadhom, Ncadum, Nedom.
Necly,
Nelly .^
Neor, Lner, Knorr, Near, Nears, Nler
Nellis ;..
Nclms, Nell, Nellos, Nolmes, Nlil
Nelson, Nealson, Neekon, Nellson, Nelison, NiBison;'Niilso'n','NUsoD "
'^NisWt 'nUwIi' ■^'"^''"' ^''^^^' Ncisbit, Nelsbitt, Nesbct, Nesbeu','N'«blt,'NbbeV,'NtaboVt,
Nesinl th , Xe;isnilth , Ne-smi th, No 'snilth
Nettles, Knelile, Knittols, Knittle, Nettle l]]]]]]]"
M„tt1,il,^n KTitll. >,..., •••-•--•--.■.•..■■...............,...,,
Nettleion, Nitlleton
Novlll. .Navel, .\aviU. Navle, Neavei, Novel, 'No'veli,' 'Nevols,' 'Nev'li' 'Novliie '
Nevliis, Nevon, Nevens, Nerin
New, Knew, News, Nuso V.'.'.'.
Newbury, Newberry !.!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!![
Newby .
Newcomb, Ncweani, Newcom, Newcombe, Ncwcomo, Neweum, Newcumb, Nucomb Nucum
Newcomer, Newcumbcr, Neweumer. Newkomer, Nleomer, Sleweomcr
Newell, Newal, Newall, Newel, Newil, Newlll, Nuel
Ncwhall
Newkirk, Neuklrk, New kerk, Nikork
Newland , Newlan . Newlands, Newlen, Newlln, Newling, Nuiand, NiilVn, Nullii
Newman, Neiinmn, Newmcn, Newmon, NIeuman, Nouman, Numan, Niimans, Nuinon ......"
Newsom, Newsomo, Newsum
Newton , Neuton, Newtown , Nuton '...'.'.'.
Nice, Kneese, Kncisse, Knies, Ncaee, Ncase, Neecc, Necs, Neese, Nelce, NelcsiNeliB, Niece',
Nlse
Nicely, Kniceley. Knisely, Knlssley, Nceslcv, Neesly, Neicelv, NIreley, NIchlcy, NIsciy!
Nicholas, Nlthalas, Nichales. Nicholes. Nirkolas. Nicolas, N'liolaus. . . ;
Nichols, Neiihols, Nuhall, NIchalls, Nichals, Nichels. Nlchol. Nichol'l. NIcholds. Niclioil, NIcholis
NIckals, Nickels, Nickle, Nickles, Nickless, Nlckolds, NIckolls, Nkkols, Nicies, NIcoi, Nicole,
Nlcoll, Nicolls, Nicols
Nicholson, Nlihalson, Nicholson, NIcbolason, NIcholdson, NIchoiscn, Nlclioisln, Nlckieson,
NIckolson, NicolsoD, Nlcolsons
Nickerson, NIccoson, Nlcherson, NicldrsoD, Nickison, Nlkerson V.'.'.'.
N lies. Nile, NIols, Nyles
NIms
Nixon, Nickson, Nixen, Nixson
Noble. Knoble, Nobel, Nobels, Nobles
Noland, Knowland, Knowlon, Nolan, Nolen, Nolland, Nowlan, Nowland, Nowlen, Nowlln.
Norcoit, Norcut, Norcute, Norcutt, Northcut, Northcutt
Norcross .
Nortlcet, Norflct, Nornett
Norman, Normand, Normant, Normen.Nomient
Norns, Narris, Noris, Norress, Norrice, Norrise, Norrlss
North, Noth
Northro[), Northoop, Nortborp, Northropo, Nortbroup, Northrup, Northup, Nortrip, Nortrup,
Nothrop
Norton, Norlin, Nortine, Noteo, Noton
Non^'ood
Nostrand, Nostrant
Nourse, Nurse, Niirss
Noycs, Noice, Nois, Noyce, Noye, Noys, Noyso
Null, Knull
Nunnallv, Nunally, Nunley, Nunnelly
Nutt, Khutt, Nut, Nutc, Nutts
Nuttor
Nutting
Nye, Nie, Nigh
Oakley, Oakly, Okelov, Okely
Oaks, Oachs, Oak, Oa'kes, Oakh. Ocks, Okes
Oaswald, Osswald. Ostwalt, Oswald, Oswalt, Oswcll, Oswclt.
Oats. Oat, Oates, Oatts
Ober, Obar.
Oberholtzer, Oborholtz, Oberholzer, Ovcrhobier, Overholsa, Ovcrholse, Overholser, Overholtter,
Ovcrholzer
O'Brvan, Obcion, Oblrant, O'Boven, O'Brlan, Olirlan, O'Briant, Obrianl, O'Brien, O'brlen,
Obricn, OBrlent, Obrlent, Olirfon, Obriont, Obrvan, OBryant, Obrjant, O'Bryon
Odell, Oadoll, Oddlo, Odel, O'Dell, Odellc, OdU, Odle, O'DIc
Odom, Odam,Oddum, Odem, Odiom, Odum
Ollutt.
Ogden, Octdon, Ogdon
Ogle ■
OKlesliyi 'OReibv, 0)!erv','OKllb'v,'OElliby, Ogllsby, Opiebay, Oglobo, ORleby, Oglmbcy, Ogllsbey.
Olcott, Olcot, Olcut, Olcutt, Ollcott
Oldham, Oaldham, Oaldhum, Oldam, Oldhane ■
Olds, Oalds, 01 I, Olcs, Olts •••
Oliver, Olefer, Olifer, Oliphcr, Ollavor, Ollefer, Olllvcr, OlllTor, Olovor.OIver...^... ...........
Olmsted, Olmested, Olmstead, Olmstord, Omstoad, Omsled, Onatcad, Ormsted, Ornutld, UUn-
sted, Umpstead, (jmstad, t'mstead, Umsted
256
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 111.— NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
Olney
Onderdunk, Onderdonck, Onderdonk. Onderkirk
O'Neal, O'Nail. Onail. Onailes, Ooale, Oncale. Oneal, ONeale, Oneale, Oneales, ONeall, Oneall,
O'Neals, OXeil, Oneil. O Xeill, Oniel, Oniell, Orneal
Orcutt, Orcott, Orcult, Orcut
Ordway , Ordav. Ordeway
Orme, Orem, Orm, Ornis
Ormsby, Ormby, Onnsbe, Ormsbee, Ormsbey, Ormsbry, Ormsbury, Ornsbey, Ornsbough,
Ornsby
Ome, Orn, Ornd, 0ms
Orr, Oar, Ore, Ores
Orton, Orten
Orvis
Osborn. Orsbern, Orsbom, Orsborne, Orsbourn, Orsbum, Osban, Osbern, Osbon, Osbone,
Osborne, Osboum, Osboume, Osburn, Osburne, Ossbum, Ozborn, Ozborne, Ozburn, Ozburne
Osgood, Ossgood
Osterhout, Oserhout, Oslerhout, Osterhant, Osterhont, Osterhoudt
Ostrander, Ostranda. Ostrandar, Ostronder
Ostrum, Ostram, Ostrom
Otis, Oties, Ottis
Ott, Ots, Otts
Outlaw
Overholt, Overboils, Overholtz, Overhults
Overman, Oberman
Overton, Overturn
Owen, Oans, Oens, Oings, Owans, Owens, Owin, Owing, O wings, Owins, Owns
Pace, Paice, Pase
Packard. Packad, Parkard " "
Packer, Paca, Paceher, Pacehore, Paker [['_
Paddock, Paddack. Paddocks
Padgett. Padget, Padjet, Padjit, Paget, Pagett, Pagget, Paggett, Paggit, Paggot, Paghert'Pagit
Padleford, Paddleford
Page. Paige, Peaige ]
Painter, Panter, Payntar [
Palmer, Paimere, Palmor. Palmore, Palmour, Pamer, Parmar, Parmer, Parmor,' Farmore, Poliner
Pardy , I'arde, Pardee, Pardey, Pardie
Paree, Parrey, Parry !!!"!!!!!!!!!!]
Parham, Parram, Pamun, Perham, Perhiim ./......,
Parish, Parrish, Perrish
Parker. Parcher, Parkers [.
Parkhiu^t, Parckhurst, Parkhast, Parkherst, Parkhurt
Parkinson, Parkenson, Parkison [[
Parkman
Parks, Parcks, Park, Parke, Parkes, Parkess. Parkis, Pearks
Parraalie, Palmerly, Pamely, Pamerly. Pannala, Parraale. Parmalee, PannelarParmele 'Pann'&-
lee, Parmeley, Parmella, Parmely, Parmerle, Parmerlev, Parmerly, Parmile, Parmly
Parmenter, Parmentor, Parrainter, Permenler
Pamieter, Palmater, Palmatier, Palmatus, Palmetier, Palinitter, Parinarter, Pamater Par-
merter, Parmeta, Parmiter, Permater ^
Parr ][[[
Parrott, Pairott, Paret, Parott, Parratt, Parrot, Parrett, ParrioVt, Pairit" PairoV Perret Perrett'
Parsons, Parsins, Parson, Parston '
Partridge, Pardridge, Partaradge, Partrich, Partrige, Pateridge;"patridge,'Patrige,"PaU^^^
"attriclge ........,....,.,, -.....---. .....,,i.........
Paschael, Pascal, Pascall, Pascault, Paschal, Paschall, Paschcali, Pascheal PaseheV Paskall
Passmore, Pasmoore, Pasmore, Pasmour ' '
Patch !;!;!;!.;;;
Patchin, Patchen, Patching, Patchon ['.'.'.'.'.'.
Pate^ Paits, Pates
Patrick, Partrick, Patcrick, Patnc, Patrich, Pattrick.
Patten, Paten, Paton, Pattan, Pattin, Patton
Patterson, Paterson, Patison, Pattersen, Patteson, Pattison! Potterson
Paul, Pall, Paules, Paull, Pauls, Pawl ' ■
Paxton, Packeton, Packson, Packston, Peckston, Pexton
Payne, Pain, Paine, Paines, Pane, Payn, Pean, Peane, Peayne .'
Payson, Pasons, Passon, Passons ■
Payton, Peaton. Peten, Petten, Petton, Peyton
Peabody, Pabodie, Peabodie, Peebody '.'.'.'.'.'.'. '
Peacock ■•■■•*■••*---*--•---*---*,,
Peal, Peale, Peel, iPecic,PeelsrPeU....l.. ".'.'.'.'.'.".'..'.".''.". '.'.".
Pearl , Pearle \ .
Pearsall, Parcel, Parcell, Parsells, Parsels, Parsiil,>earcali, Pearceaii'Pearsei'PM^elVpe^air'
Perse, Persel Pershall, Perzel, PiercaU, Pierc^ll, Piersill, Purcall, pS,' pS 'Pmtou'
Pursel, Pursell, Pussal ' ' '"'-"="1 ^ umeu,
Pearson, Pearsons, Peirccen, Peirson, Piercen, Pierson..!!^..
Pease, Peace, Peas, Pees, Peice, Peise
Peasley, Peasle, Peaslee, Peasly, Pesley '.'.'.'.'.[.'.
Peck, "Pecke, Pecks '.'.'.'.'.'.
Pecknam, Peckam [""'.[['."[ *
Pedan, Peaden, Peadon, Peden, Pedian, Pedien, Pediii, Pedon Peedin
Pedrick, Paddrick, Padrick, Pedrik, Pedruck, Pedwick '
Peek, Peack, Peak, Peake, Peaks, Peke, Pique
Peet, Peate, Peete, Peets, Peits, Piet, Piets
Peirpoint, Parepoint, Perpoint, Pierpoint, Pierpont, Purpoint
Pell. Pels
Pellet, Pellett, Pellit, Pelot, Pelott, PiUet
Pelton '.'.'.'.'.'..'.
Pemberton
Pence
Pendergrass, Pendergast, Pendergrast, Prendergast, Prendergrast
Pendleton, Penalton, Pendelton, Pendleston, Penelton, Pintleton
Penfield, Penfold, Penifield
Perm, Pen
6.0
6.0
5.5
5.4
5.5
6.7
5.4
5.9
5.9
6.9
6.8
5.5
6.4
6.3
7.0
5.9
5.6
5.5
6.2
7.3
5.5
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.5
5.9
6.3
5.7
6.5
6.0
5.7
5.8
5.2
6.2
3.8
5.4
5.7
5.7
6.4
7.2
6.0
5.4
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.8
5.3
5.1
5.4
5.8
5.6
5.5
6.7
5.6
5.8
4.8
5.4
5.1
5.8
5.8
6.1
5.6
5.6
6.6
5.5
6.0
6.2
5.0
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.3
6.7
5.7
4.6
6.3
3.9
6.4
5.8
7.3
22
101
21
15
432
141
34
62
26
70
51
26
16
32
87
466
44
106
47
64
61
21
408
76
674
61
25
52
144
1,118
69
23
14
369
109
30
63
29
74
413
116
22
17
70
28
4b
102
212
lii
158
56
463
33
27
86
39
48
21
94
247
199
70
451
95
29
24
62
47
30
31
17
43
38
30
26
68
29
33
238
185
391
154
209
97
146
108
490
123
87
1,936
762
179
373
127
325
232
135
101
145
380
2,152
213
478
229
340
286
116
2,040
353
3,206
25S
129
146
636
5,221
326
124
87
1,852
476
147
291
113
327
1,864
556
106
85
333
120
187
447
1,008
2,499
708
320
2,124
158
102
380
161
231
100
478
1,128
916
393
2,048
470
151
95
282
218
131
133
97
201
138
160
74
370
138
208
10
13
HEADS OP FAMILIES.
18
35
40
15
78
23
23
14
37
14
56
18
10
41
13
GENERAL T-\BLES.
257
T.B.K "^--^'^^^^^'^^^Y. JEAUNG WITH ^•A^J^^ BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS. BY STATES
A.\U TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-Continued.
Pcnnel, Panel, Pannel, Pannell, Pannlll, Penal, Penel Pencil PenneJI
Peniiintiloii, I'eiuiinlon, I'l-nenton, Ponlngion, Pennenton. PIODlneton"
Penny, I'eney, I'onic, Penney. •»'""-
Penny man, Penaniun, Pennaman, Pcnnenian, Pcnniman
Penrose, I'i'niirose
Pep5ir Pep.'r!lvnpe!?'.^*^'''^' ^**'''^
sevell . ,
Percy, Parey, Pearsy, Percey. Persy," Pierccy, Plerey
Perdue, I'arilien, ParJiew, Parduo
Perkerson, Perkinson, Perkison
Perkins, Perkens, Perkin, Pirkens, Plrkins, Piirkins
Perley, Pearley, Pearly, Perleo, Perly, Purley !...".'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.
Perrigo, Perigo. Perripe, }*urigo ]
Perrin, Perin, Perine, Perinne, Pcrrean, Perreen, Perrine
Perry, Pearee, Pearey, Peary, Peerey, Pecry, Pciry, Perte, Perre," Perrey
Person Person, Persons
Peters, Peter. Petere, Petrc, Petres, Fetter, Pettcrs.
Peterson. Petersen, Petterson *.'.".'
Petrie, Peine. I'ctroy, Petry !!]!!"!!!!.']!!!!
Pettihone, rein)one,'l'eltebone. Pettlboni.... !"..!.!....!!""! '.'"'
Pettier, w, Pedienw, I'edigrue. Petegrew, Petegrow, Petigrow,'Pettijjcwi Petteerow, Petteiri-ue
Pettierew, I'elllgew, Petlyerew. I'itti'CTew
PettinRill. I'atinRale, I'liUngell, I'edingill, PetenRall, Petinsal'l! PeUnKJlii Petiengal! Pciieiieiil'
Pettigijl. Petlingal, Pettinsale, P.ttincall. lettingell, Pettlngil, Pcttlnglc, PitI«nKill, Pittinglli
Pettis. IVliss, IVttes, Petliee. Peuifs, pilti.'is, Ivttus
Pettit, Patlit, Petit, Petilt, I'etlet,Pettile,l'ettitt,Petut
Petty, Petle. P.'Kee. Pelter
Pfeiller, I 'eitrer, I (.llcr, Pfeitcr, PfletTer, Plifrr, Pfyfcr, Plfer,"piiiois.'..'.! ! "
Phelps, Felps, I'"ili)S, I'helphes, Plielpli.s, Pheps..
Philbriek, Fill.riik, I'hillirik, PhilllTick !!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!
Philhrook, Fill>rook, Killlirook. riiill.rciek, J'hillirok. Pblliirooks, Phillhrooki Phiilbrooks
Phillips. Fillips. I'hillp, Philipps, Philips, PhiUip, PhiUiph, PhiUlphs, Philips, Phlllups, Phllpa,
Phllil)S, I'ilips
Pniifiot.Fiiipot. Fiiipott, Phiiipot, Phiipots, piiiipott, Phiipiit. !.!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I'ickanl , 1 'iehart, Piekart, Pickerd
Pickens. Pickin. Picking, Pickings, Pickins, PIkin
Pickering, PIckring
Pickett, Picket, Pickets, Pickit
PIcklo, Pickel, Pickell '....'.'.'.
Pier, Peer, Peers, IVher, Peir, Pciro, Peirrc, Peyre, Pierre
Pierce, Pearee, I'earse, Peerce, Peirce, Porcc, Pierse
Pike, Pi kes, Py ke
Pilsbury , Pillsbury, I'ilsberry, Pilsbery
I'inckney , Pinckny, Plnkncy
Pine. Pi hes, Py ne ,
Pinkerlon
Pinkhani, Pinkain, Pinkhum, Plnklm, Pinkum.
Pinner, Piner, Pinnor, Pinor, Pynor
Pinney, Pinnee, Pinny
Pinson, Pineen, Pinston, Pintson
Piper, Peip<'r, Pipers, Pipper
Pipkin, Pipkins
Pippen, Pippin
Pi tcher. Pi tcbr
Pitkin.
Pitman, Pittman.
Pitts, Pits, Pitt...
Pi.xley, PIxly
Place, Playco
Plank.,
Plant, Plants, PlanU!
Piatt, Plat, Platls
Plumb, Plum
Plunimer, Plonier, Plommer, Plumar, Plumber, Plumcr, Plumor
Plunket, Plunekett, Plunkett, Plunkitt
Plynipton, Plimpton, Plymton
Poe, Po, Poh
Poindexter, Pendexter. Pendextor, PIndexter, Poindextere •.
Poland, Polen, Polln, Poling, Polland, Pollen, Pollln, PoUine, Polun
Polhenius
!
Polk, Poake, Poke, Polke, Poque
Pollard
Pollock, Pollck, Polluck, Polock
Polly, Policy
Pomeroy, Pomeray, Pomer\', Pomoroy, Pomroy, Pumrey, Pumroy..
Pond, Pon, Ponds, Ponns, Pons
Pool, Poole, Pooles
Poor, Poore, Poores, Por, Pore
Pope.,
Porter, Portar, Portor, Portter, Portur
Posey, Poesey, Possey
Post, Poste. . „
Potter, Poter, Potters, Potior
Potts, Pots, Pott, Potte
Pounds, Pound «•-■,■••«•••:"*
Powell, Poules. Powal, Powall, Powcl, PoweU, PowUI, Powlo, PowlM.
Powers, Pouers, Powars, Power, Powrs, Powurs
Prather. Prailliers, Prethers
Pratt, Prat, Prats, Pratts
Preble, Prebbie
Prentice, Prcntls, Prentiss, Ptlntice
8.3
6.1
«.S
S.4
6.5
i.S
6.7
6.3
4.8
6.2
a.i
6.8
7.0
6.3
6.4
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.3
6.6
6.6
6.8
6.6
6.8
6.6
6.7
6.4
6.6
6.7
6.4
6.6
6.0
6.1
6.7
6.8
4.6
6.3
6.4
5.7
6.0
6.6
6.2
4.«
6.4
6.7
4.6
6.1
6.0
6.4
6.6
6.3
6.9
6.6
5.3
5.6
6.9
5.4
5.8
6.2
8.0
6.6
6.0
6.4
8.3
6.7
6.9
6.0
6.3
6.7 I
6.4
6.4
5.6
6.4
6.6
6.9
5.7
5.8
6.7
6.1
5.9
6.8
6.7
6.9
5.6
5.7
6.1
6.6
6.9
6.0
8.0
44
65
80
40
20
63
40
29
25
22
25
588
18
27
67
628
128
207
104
32
90
57
74
88
30
396
44
44
* 878
24
29
29
61
89
31
24
960
184
68
25
32
23
68
33
21
18
111
20
18
44
27
132
108
23
64
24
21
144
60
180
20
27
34
24
233
328
360
174
N9
2S3
218
166
94
114
128
2,7»1
108
142
310
2,814
575
970
451
148
185 !
139
410
271
334
497
132
1,816
208
195
4,004
121
120
166
353
323
133
106
4,490
736
266
130
126
124
272
118
108
90
603
112
95
216
126
570
113
281
114
88
726
278
898
88
143
158
117
189
132
264
503
310
178
454
441
992
427
8I«
18
I 5
26
64
114
48
40
84
99
201
91
184
587 2,773
46 I 188
158 773
439 3,117
93 I 436
17 83
478 3,174
288 1,366
26 I 133
630 3,408
46 I 225
31 166
lU ' 861
11
1
61
1
5
8
4
16
HXUM or tknuat.
9 .
17
17 31
3
23
27
4 I.
1 I.
12 1
.... 3
6 3
2 13
6 3
16 : 1
6 4
23 26 dlA
I
2 18
14 I 19
14
24
66
8
7
38
9
3
161 40
1
I
18
143
1
9
4
15
7
6
59 ' 50
35 I 9
6 1
3
4
1
4
21
17
11
3 :...
6 5
123 »
II 16
30 46
15 61 346
3 14
5 S3
,...' 3
3 61
16 35
3 381
10
30
63 143
3
I
4
4 ...
39 97
3 10
n , 66
17 33
4 14
U « I
a
36
14
I
7
a
31
7
io
I
4
"i
u
3
1
0
i
1
a
10
13
14
14
•
3
t
1
5
I
2
3
4
3
15
41
13
4
6
1
16
57
18
35
44
3D
6
I
14
3
1
3
14
(
I
33
^..
.»o
17
1
3
'i
13
6
.. 4 I
258
Table 111.
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
Prescott, Prescoat. Prescoot, Prescot, Prescut, Prescutt, Presscott, Priscot, Priscott
Preston ,'Preson. Presson v, ■■.;■,; :;;
Prewett, Prewct, Prewit, Premtt, Pruet, Pruett, Pruit, Pruitt
Price. Preice, Priece, Prise
Pride
Pridgeni Pidgeon, Pidgin, Pigen, Pigeon, Pigon, Pridgeon, Prigeon, Prigion
Priest, Preast, Preist, Prest, Priess
Prince
Prindle
Pringle
Prior, Prier, Prire, Prvar, Prycr, Pryor ^■-.■v:
Pritchard, Prechard, Pretchard, Prichard, Prichet, Prichett, Pritchet, Prilchett, Pritcnit
Proctor, Prockter, Procktor, Procter, Proctter
Proper
Prosser, Procer, Proser, Prossar, Pressor
Prouty, Proty, Proutty, Prowtey, Prowty
Puckett, Pucket
Puffer, Puffers
Pugh, Pew. Pou, Pu, Pue, Pughe
Pulley, PuUv
Pulliam. Pullam, Pullim, Pullom, PuUum
PuUin, Pulin, Puling. PuUen, Pulling, Pullins
Pulsifer, Pulciter, Pulispher, Pullsifer. Pulsepher, Pulsipher
Pulver
Pumferv, Pomlrey. Pumtrey, Pumphry
Purdv, Piu-dav, Purdea, Purdee, Purdey, Purdie
Purington. Purrinsjton, Purrinton
PurneLl, Pamal, Parnald, Parnall, Parnel, Pamell, Pemal, Pernel, Purnal, Purnall, Pumel...
Pusey, Fuse, Pussev
Putnam, Putman, Putnan, Puttman, Puttnem
Putney
Pyle, Pile, Piles
Quackenbuss, Quackenboss, Quackenbush, Quackinbush, Quakenbus, Quakenbush
Queen, Queene, Quehen .*
Quick
Quigley, Quigly, Quikley
Quimby, Queriiby, Quimba, Quimbee, Quimbey, Qulnby
Quinn, Qualn, Quin, Quine, Quynn
Eaby , Raba, Rabe, Kabey, Raiby
Race
Radford. Redford
Ragsdale, Ragsdel, Ragsdell. Ragsdil
Rainey, Rainy, Raney, Rany, Reanys
Rains, Raen, Rahn, Rain, Raines, Ranes, Rayn, Rayne, Eaynes, Reyen
Ralph, Ealf
Ralston, Ralstone, Rawlston, Rolston, Rolstone, Roulstone, Rowlstone
Rarabo, Rambough , Rambow
Ramev, Raimey. Rama, Ramay, Ranie, Ramme, Ramy, Reamey
Ramsdell, Ramsdal, Ramsdale, Ramsdall, Ramsdel, Ramsdul, Ransdell, Ransel
Ramsey, Ramsay, Ramsy
Rand. Ran, Rands, Rann, Ranns, Ranse
Randall, Randal, Randale, Randalls, Randals, Randel, Randell, Randels, Randil, Handle, Ran'
died. Randies, Randol, Randols, Rendols
Randolph, Randelph, Randolf, Randolfe '..'.[',..
Rankin, Rancan, Kanckens, Ranken, Rankens, Rankines, Ranking, Raiikins '..'.'.'...
Ranney, Raimie, Ranny .,[..
Ransom, Ransome, Ranson, Ransone []["
Rapelye, Rapalje, Rapalye, Rapelje, Rapelyee
EatclitI, Racklefl, Racklifle, Ractlifl, Radclifl, RadcliSe, Eadclift, Raddclifl, Eadlif, Radlifl
Ratclif, Ratcliffe, Ratclift ,
Rathbone, Rathbane, Rathbon, Rathborn, Rathbun, Rathbum, Rothbone, Rothburn
Ratliff, Ratlefl, Ratlief, Ratlif, Ratluf
Kawlings, Raling, Rallins, Raulens, Raulings, Rawlins, Rollens, Roliin, Eoliine. Rollings
Rollins ■ *
Rawls, Rail, Ralls, Rawles
Rawson. RausoD
Ray, Rae, Raes. Rales, Rais, Raye, Rea, Reah, Reay, Reigh, Rey, Rhea, Rhey," Wray. '
Raybom, Raban, Rabon, Raborn, Raiben, Raibon, Raiborne, Raybon, Rayboum, Rarbum
Raymond, Raiment, Raimond, Raimont, Raman, Rament, Ramon, Ramond, Ramont, Ray-
man, Rayment, Raymon, Raymong, Raymont, Reaman, Reyman, Reymond
EajTior, Rainer, Rainor. Raner, Ranor, Rayner, Raynour, Reighnear, Reighner, Reiner
Rener, Renier, RejTiear, Reyner, Reynor, Rhainer, Rhener '
Razor, Raiser. Raizer, Rajor. Raser, Rasor, Razar, Razer, Reasor '.'/.'.]"[[
Reader, Reader, Reder, Redor, Reeder, Reider [1^
Ream, Reames, Reams, Rean, Reem, Reeme, Rehm, Rheam, Rheams, Eheeinj Ehein, Eheine
Riehra '
Reardon, Rairden, Rarden, Raredan, Raredom, Reardan, Rearden !..!.!..!!.!
Reasoner, Reasner, Reasnor, Reesner, Reisner, Resioner, Resner
Eel)er, Reeber, Reiber, Rieber '.W.'.V.'.V.\'.
Records, Reccord, Rechard, Reckard, Record, Reecord "!!!""!]!
Redding, Raddan, Radden, Readen, Reddan, Redden, Reddin, Reding
Redfleld, Radfleld .....".".■.■;.■.■.'.■.■.
Redman, Radman, Readman, Reaidman, Redmon, Redmond
Reed, Read, Reade, Reads, Rede, Reede, Reid, Reide, Rhead, Ried.
Reel, Real, Reels, Rheel, Riehl .".'.'."".".'
Reese, Reace, Rease, Reecc, Rees, Reess, Reesse, Reice, Reis, Reiss, Rese, Rheasei Ries
Reeser, Reecer, Reesa, Reesers, Reeses, Reesor, Reester, Rieser, Riester
Reeves, Reave, Reaves, Reavs, Reeve, Reevs, Reives, Reve, Reves, Rieves, Rives, Ryves
Regan, Ragan, Ragen, Eagin, Eagon, Ragons, Raygan, Ravgen, Raygin, Reagan, Reagin
Reagon, Regin, Regins
Register, Regester, Registee, Rejester
Helfl, Reels, Refe, Reife, Rieff
5.5
5.8
5.2
5.5
5.7
5.3
5.1
6.0
5.8
6.0
5.5
5.1
6.6
6.3
5.4
6.2
5.3
5.1
5.5
6.5
5.5
5.4
4.4
7.4
6.1
6.1
6.1
5.4
6.3
6.4
5.7
6.1
5.5
5.7
5.4
5.5
6.0
4.8
5.5
5.6
6.4
4.5
4.1
5.0
5.2
5.6
5.4
6.3
5.2
5.8
5.6
5.9
5.0
5.3
5.6
6.0
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.7
5.8
6.3
5.4
5.5
5.3
6.5
6.7
5.2
5.3
6.2
7.1
5.3
5.0
5.3
5.4
6.7
5.5
5.9
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.8
4.7 i
143
150
37
46G
27
22
67
129
44
26
90
146
168
16
21
33
34
37
127
17
22
39
27
20
17
134
32
66
17
229
31
55
47
23
51
32
80
42
20
24
18
30
45
40
39
42
26
26
77
191
105
348
62
79
39
90
24
76
80
23
143
56
66
337
19
72
29
57
57
24
15
18
23
47
38
56
1,201
21
148
23
202
54
25
23
637
724
157
2,071
127
95
272
645
211
129
409
597
775
84
93
170
146
151
577
93
99
173
93
127
164
290
90
1,226
147
278
213
108
223
143
403
169
90
110
98
105
140
161
162
194
114
139
323
920
4S5
1,713
249
342
179
447
104
348
355
627
264
267
1,444
83
847
312
159
326
242
102
78
109
162
249
5,696
95
731
99
905
235
119
84
HEADS or FAMILIES.
17
12
20
34
6
13
1
3
304
19
61
22
3
3
12
1
10
20
11
4
30
27
9
;53
5
SO
20
10
8
5
17
20
12
GENERAL TABLES. 259
p!'"f't''i?''"'®''Y'^^"'®''' '?^,™<"'' Rehmcr, Reimer. Rhemar, Riehmer, Rlpraer
Remick Reamich, lieamick, Remach, Remmeck, Remniick, Rem.nock Uhemack
RererAems^on'."^'"": .^'^^^.T;. !'"'°'^^^^
Rex, Rix.
Rice''R' JJ,''"'"''^' "'^''^^s- Khode, Rhods, R6ad, Roiidii.'RoadsVkode/Rddra.Kiiidji
Rich, Reichriiiche','Riech,'RVtcti,'Rrtche.
Richards, Relehard, Reichart, Richard, RIchardes, RItchard!
Richardson, Ricljardison, Richai-son Ricliason, RichensonV Richi^^nVRich^bV Rlchison
KIcliisson, Ritclianlson, RitcliiTsan. Kitcheson. "■•^.uauu,
Richey, Richce, Richie. RIchv, Ritchev, Ritchie, Rl'tchy
RichtrioDd. Kichraan, Kichmon
Kickart, Reaki-rl, Kicard Ricaiid Richar, Rlchart,' Rlchhart,' Rlckai^d,' Rlckards.' Riikiit".
RIckhart Richart, Uighhart, RIghkart, Rishart, Rvegirt, Rygert, Ryhiit, Rykert °""'
Kicker, luker, Uycker
T?i/»l.'Ptt': lii/>L-ot ' l?i/>l-n«>i T7inl'At„ 17i#.1>^»* T>'l-I.lt.V" " •-----•-■-...............
Rickctts, Rickct, Kickcth, Rickets, Rickett, Rickitts
Rickman, Rickmann, Rickmon, Ryckman
Ricks. Kick, Ricke
^y ','iS^v''i".''.'^!'''v. i\e?dick', 'iieddeck; Reddick," RedeHck,' R^c,' 'itodick; 'Redig,' Rhidick.
Rkldich. Riddish, Riddltt, Rideck, Ridyck ~^».
Rid.lle, Uiddfl. Ridden, Riddels, Riddles, Rldle
1;i.l<^.n,.ii>- IJ.,,1^«V..^..- l>«.i: r>„:J i-.- i_ w^..""*.* J.'."/ •"*•■_
Riilenmir. Kidenhour. Kedmor. Reidenower, Kidenaur, Ridcnhowcr, RidoDour, Roadoimour
Roadariiier, Kuadenhour, Rudeunancr *
Rider, K u vdcr. R vder, \V rider
RhU'o, Ridges, UIge W-W"]]]]".
Ridgiey, Ridgeley. Ridgely, Ridgly ........'.'.'
RIdgway, Regerway, RIdgaway, Rldgeway, Ridgwa, Rigiway .'..'.'
Ridley, RIdly
Rjegol, Reyal, Reget, Regil, Regie, Reichle, Reigel, Rlechel','Riegie,'Rigel,'RlggeU.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'."!
Rile, Rifr, RICTe. ...................
Rime, Rifle !....!"!!!!!!."!!!! •"
RIgby, Rigbay, Rigbey, RIgble, RIpbee, Rigsbey, RIgsby •^..... ".'.'.'.'.'.'
RIgdon, RIgden
RIggan, Rigan, Riggans, Riggea, Riggin, Rigging, Rigglns ..........'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'."
RIggs, Rigg, Rigs
Rllcy, Reiphly, Rclhlee, Rellev, Relliev. Reilv, Revlev, Rhyley, RIghloy, Rigbly, RUeas.'RUee.
Kilcigh. Rilley. Rily, Ryln, Ryle, Rviev. Rvlie,"Rvly
RIne. Rein. Heine. Reines. Reins, Rhine, Righn, Rlhne, Rines, Rvne, Rynes
Rinehart, Raluhart, Raneheart, Recnhart, Keihart, Reinard. Rci'nhard, Relnhart, Rbinebarit,
Rhineheart, Rienhart, Rignhart, Rlnard, Rinehard. Rinehast, Rineheart, Rinehot, Rinert,
Rinhart, Rynehart, Rynliot
Ring, Ringe
Ringgold, RIngold, RInold ]'.",
Rinker
Ripley, RIply.
Rising
Risley.
Rltlcnhouse, Rltenhouse
Rider, Reihlar, Righter, Riter, Rittar.
Rivers, River, Rivor.
Roach, Roache, Roch, Roche
Roan, Roam, Roane, Robn, Rone
Roath, Roth
Robb, Roll, Robbe, Robbs, Robe, Robs
Robbins, Rol)bln, Robcns, Robin, Robins, Rsbons
Roberts. Hol>ard, Robards, Robarts, Robbard, Robbards, Robborts, Robbert, RobbcrU, Rob-
erds, Robert
Robertson, Roberson, Robartin, Robartson, Robason, Robbert^on, Robblrson, Robblson,
Roberson, Iloberton, Robertrson, Robeson. Kobiiiison. Robirson.Kobisan, lioblson, Roblstone.
Robinson, Ki'benson, Rhobbinson, Robanson, Robbinsan, RolK'nson, Roblnsone, RobnsoD
Robuck, Rahuck, Robic. Roeback, Roebuck, Roorbach. Roorback, Rorbach, Rorebock
Roby, Rohljie, Robey, Kobio
Rock , Rucks
Rockefeller.
Rockwell, Rockwel
Rockwood
Rodman, lioadman, Rodanian, Rodeman, Rodlmon
Rodnick. Roderick, Roderock, Rodrick, Rodroch, Rodrock, Rodroke, Rodtrock
Rogers, RIdger, Rodger, Rodgers, Rogars, Roger, Roggers
Rohrer, R orer, Rorrer
Roles, Roals, Role, Roll, RoU
Rolph, Roef, Roll, Rolle, Roll, Rolfl .-
Roniine, Rohrman, Romain, Romaine, Roman, Romans, Romcyn, Romin, RommoD, Romoiun,
Romvne, Ronan , Ronian ■
Rood, Uoode, Roods, Rudd, Rudde, Rude
Rook, Rooke, Rooks, Ruke
Roop, Roupo, Kouph, Jiup, Rui)e, Ruph, Rupp
Roosa, Ruser, Rus.ia, Rusher
Root, Rootes, Roots, Rute
Ro[>er..
Ropes, Rop, Rope, Ropp
RosocransiRoa^raiitz, iioscCTonsi RosegM Rosegranti, Rosekransr, Rosckrons, Rosen-
crantz, Rosengrantz
Roseter, Rositer, Rossetcr, Rossctter, Rossetur. Rossller
Ross, Rosso ■•
Rosser, Rochare, Roehure, Roshere, Rosier, Rosir, Rosor, Rossor
Rossman, Roseman. Rosemond, Rosman, Rosmond, Rossmon
Rounds, Round, Rouus
S.4
t.i
£.0
S.7
(i.2
S.9
4.S
S.4
S.8
5.4
S.8
6.5
5.2
e.1
5.8
6.1
4.8
6.0
5.6
5.0
6.7
5.6
6.2
7.7
6.1
4.2
5.8
6.3
6.2
4.7
61
6.4
6.3
6.0
6.1
6.5
ai
5.S
6.3
6.1
6.4
6.3
6.7
6.7
4.4
4.8
4.0
£.5
6.7
6.8
6.6
5.7
5.7
4.8
6.3
6.1
6.4
5.7
6.3
5.6
5.8
6.6
7.0
6.7
6.6
5.9
5.9
6.0
5.6
6.7
6.2
4.8
5.5
5.6
«L0
6,1
S.6
4.8
S.2
&3
483
401
657
lU-l
4W)
773 3,723
111 502
125 629
124
l(M
4IS
184
171
2,388
I.NOS
933
2,104
■B&D8 or rAMOisa.
33
181
19
34
44
28
21
17
19
34
IS
29
113
170
04
87
55
21
17
80
27
42
24
83
47
85
40
SO
49
364
820
681
823
26
81
22
10
101
34
28
28
,ose
25
18
30
28
113
29
32
33
214
43
25
300
209
430
252
84
130
310
409
185
833
99
228
224
89
101
90
99
127
91
128
4l«
687
329
394
281
103
go
4Utt
118
222
113
384
158
321
145
135
228
1,090
3,093
3,177
3,829
98
436
90
80
477
181
125
133
4,910
149
85
104
1 I 3
8 20
17 23
7 44
59 223
10 75
10 108
38 253
1 2
7 16
49
130
654
117
146
154 I
1,110 I'
158 1:
113
1,350 I 14
49
35
i
1 i
9 21
52 129
1
U
23 43
4 61
13 A
36 130
34 123
441 2,010
27 I 103
21 88
4Sl 366
21 13
8'...
37
an
1S7
ss
6
16
10 110
17
1 I *
» 49
J ....
4 I 18 I 1« '.
3 30
10 7
39
M
65
88
10
30
1
4
1
1
3
16
3
16
13 29
67 154 00 83 109
117 70
4 I...,
1 I 31
6 7
8
18
1
as
4
19
3
8
57 44
S7
37
14
3
I
1
1
3
8
19
U
260 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
n, , , . MOMFNrT ATTTRE DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 ^TIITE PERSONS, BY STATES
TABLE lll.-NOMENCLATUR^E^DE^AUNG JPTH^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ X79(^Continued.
Rountree, Roundtree
R™ai"RoTan!'Ra'LrRowanB;RowenVRow^^^
Rowe Rhoe. Rhoes, Roe. Row, Rowes, Rows, Wroe.
RoUands. Rowlands, Rowlin, Rowling, Rowlins „„„,„
Rowlev, Riulee, Rawle, Rawlee, Rawley, Rawly, Rowly, Royley.
Roy, Rove ^
Royall, Royal, Royally, Royals
Royce, Roirce, Rorse, Roys, Royse.
Royer, Roya
RSmith .
Rudolph, Rudulph
Rudy, Rudav, Rudey
Rue, Rew, Rewes, Roo, Roux
Ruff, Rough, Roughf, Rought, Hugh.
.Rug.
Rugg, ---„ —
Ruggles, Rugles, Rugols
Rule, Rools, Ruel, Ruhl, Rul, Rull.
Rulin, Ruland, Ruling, Rulong.
R
..unisev
Rundlett, Rundlet, Runlett
lunn'ls ^Runalds'f Rundei; Rundeli; Rundle; Rundte; Runeils, jiunels," Rl.Walds;Runnals;
Riuinc'l, Runnelds, Runieles, Runnell, Runnelle, Runnells, RunniUs, Runnils, Runnold,
Runnolds ■ ■ - - j.
Runyan, Runion, Runnion, Runnions, Runyen, Runyon
Rush. Roush, Ruash, Ruask
Rushing. Rushcn, Rusing... ■■•
Russd" RuS^Russalt Bussd^Ru^Vls,' Russii,' Bi^ili; Russlei RussuU, Rustle
Rust.
Rutherford, Ritheriord, Rotherford, Rutherfurd
Rutledgc. Routledge, Rutchledge, Rutledg, Rutlege
Rutter, Rutta, Rutu
Rval Rial, Riale, Rials, Rvall. Ryals .■-• -• — -••■
Ryaii, Rian, Rion, Rions, Ryanes, Ryann, Ryans, Eyen, Ryend, Ryon, Ryond, Ryons.
Sabin, Saban, Sabens, Sabine, Sabins, Saybins
Sacket, Sackett
Sadler, Saddler, Saidler
Saflord , Saford
Sailor, Sahkf,'SailVrVSailorV,"Saioior,'Saler, Sailer, Salor, Saylor, Saylors
St. John. Saint John, St. Johns -■ -.-■- -•■•- -„••,■■■
Salisbury, Sailsberry, Salesbury, Salisberry, Salisburry, Salsberry, Salsbery, Salsburry, Sals-
bury, Salusbury, Saulsberry, Saulsbury
Salmon, Sallmon, Salman, Salmond, Salmonds, Salmons, Salomon
Salter, Saltar, Saltcrs, Saltzer, Salzer, Saulter
Sammis, Samis, Samnis
Sammons, Sammon, Sammonds, Samons
Sample, Sampel, Semple
Samson, Sampson ■-,■";. ^ " ",." r^ ' " V
Sanljorn, Sambom, Samboum, Samburn, Samburne, Sanbon, Sanbourn, Sanboume, faanbum,
Sandborn. Sandbourn
Sanders, Sander. Saunders, Bonders
Sanderson, Sandorson, Sa\inderson
Sands, Sand, Sandes. Sandt, Sann, Sans, Sant, Sants
Sanford, Sandtord, Sandfort. Sandiford. Santford
Sanger, Sangar. Sangor, Sangster, Senger
Sargent, Sargant, Sargeant, Sarjant, Sarjants, Sarjent, Scargeant, Seargent, Sergant, Sergants,
Sergeant, Sergeants, Sergent, Sergents, Serjant, Serjeant, Serjeants, Serjcnts
Sartwell, Sarltell. Sartel, Sartell, Sartle, Sartwell, Sawtel, Sawtell, Sawtwel, Sawtwell
Saterfield. Sarterflcld, Satterfleld, Saturfield
Satterly, Saterley. Saterly. Satille, Sattaly, Satterlee, Sattille, Saturlee, Saturly, Settely, Setterlia
Saul, Sail, Salle, Sails, Sauls
Savage, Savidge
Savery, Savory
Sawin, Sawen, Sawing. Sawings, Sawins, Sawying
Sawyer, Sawyear, Sawyers. Sawyes
Sayles, Saile, Sails, Sale. Sales, Sayle
Sayre, Saver, Sayers, Sayrs, Seayres, Seyer
Scales, Scale, Sceales, Schalcs
Scarborough, Scarber. Scarbor, Scarboro, Scarbro, Scarbrough, Scarbrow, Seharborough
Scbermcrhorn, Scamchorn, Scermehorn. Schennerham, Schermerhorne
Schnavely, Schnabcly. Schnablely, Sliavely
Schoonmaker, Schonmakcr
Schrack, Shraek, Shrake, Slircck, Shrock
Schuyler.
Scofield, Schofleld, Scoffleld, Scotfleld
Scott, Scoctt, Scot
Scouten. Scatton, Scotten, Seotton, Scoutan, Soouton. . .
Scovil, Schovel, Scoval, Scovel, Scovell, Scovile, Scovill.
Scran ton, Scrinton
Scribner.
Scrlvner, Scrivener, Scrivenor
Scruggs, Scrag, Scraghs, Scrags
Scudder, Skudder
Seabury, Seaberry, Seaburry, Sebery, Seberrey
Seal, Seale, Scales, Seals, Seelc, Sele, Seles
Seaman, Seamman, Seamonds, Seamons, Sehman, Seighman, Seman, Semans, Semon.
4.2
6.0
5.1
S.9
0.1
5.9
6.4
5.4
5.3
5.5
6.0
5.7
6.3
6.4
5.2
5.6
5.5
6.0
5.9
5.0
6.1
5.8
7.0
5.5
5.7
5.6
6.2
5.8
5.7
5.6
6.4
4.9
5.8
6.2
4.7
5.2
C.3
6.9
5.7
5.3
6.3
5.9
5.8
6.0
6.6
5.5
5.5
4.8
6.9
5.0
5.5
5.6
6.2
6.0
5.7
6.2
5.8
5,3
4.6
6.5
6.1
5.3
6.7
5.2
5.8
6.5
6.9
5.1
5.2
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.9
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.0
4.6
6.4
6.9
8.6
6.2
4.5
6.1
6.3
6.2
30
63
49
347
84
163
105
27
35
30
22
22
21
27
30
48
40
59
22
20
30
24
l(i
97
214
203
1,693
428
754
468
119
149
134
111
103
91
145
125
223
179
294
108
80
153
114
96
160
23
111
22
43
719
71
30
36
43
67
39
117
74
76
68
60
76
45
73
113
47
67
28
24
48
170
219
618
104
82
235
34
253
53
24
29
33
176
27
28
395
60
40
20
65
62
14
45
15
22
112
791
23
82
27
44
18
25
33
22
37
727
108
608
115
206
3,410
324
162
140
206
295
146
495
395
373
319
257
404
221
354
562
262
265
125
91
284
6S2
987
2,372
543
407
1,102
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
176
1,210
229
86
169
167
765
164
118
1,880
328
237
81
276
306
87
235
89
97
609
3,520
92
371
120
217
136
104
114
112
160
370
> a
16
22
16
27
13
16
2
23 10
9
3
8
16
7
18
4
7
4
12
5
3
52
"i
3
9
"5
6
00
57
"i
GENERAL TABLES.
261
Taule 111.
-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS RY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: noO-Conlinuod.
Searing
Smirls, Sarle. Sarli'S, Saris, Swirl, S.arlo, Soarles, Scrl, Scrle, Series,' SeruisuflraVsurli.'
Sears. Sear, Seares, Seeres, Seers, Seirs '
Seat. Scales. Seals, Seels. Soils. Selu, Slcls
SeaMell,Seavil,Seval, Seven, 8evllls,Sevils,Slvcal,Slvci,'srvlis
Seay , Sea. Seas, See, Schy !!!!!!!
Sebree, Sebry !!*.!!!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!]
Seoord, Seaeer, Secars. Seeaur. Seeor. Seeker V "////.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' ".V.V.'.'.'.'.V.V.'.
SeerLst, Sacrlsl, Seaerlsl. Secresl. Secrets, Secrlss. Seeelirist. SeegrlsiisegrlJsti Sclniji Soliri
.SeiiKwlck. SedRewli k. Sedglck. .Sedgwlth. Scdvlek. Sedwlck
Sei'ly.Sealey. Seuly, Seeloy, Seclly, Seelye, Sellcv, Seley, Seh-, .Slely
SeRar, (iKer. Seacar. Scager, Scagcrs, Sccgar, Secgiirs, .Sceger, Seogcrs, Scgars, Segcr. Solgcr, Sevier
Selby. Selbe. Selbey ' "
Selilen, Seldin '
Self
Sell. Sells
S.llrck.SelUk, Sells, SeHiek.Slllk,Simck,SlU(x-k
Sell. rs. Cellars. Selhir. Sellars. Seller '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Selnian, Sellman, Selmonils, Selsm^w !!!!!!!!!!!
Senter, Cenler, C'enlre, Senior ].!!!!!!!!
Sessions, Session. Sessoms, Sesson, Sessons, Sessums '.'.'.'.'.
Sever, Ceevcr, Cever, Seavcr, Scavcrs, Secver, Seevers, Seveir, Severe, Severs '.'.'.'.'.'.
Severanee, Sevcrnce
Sevey, Seavey, Seavy, Scve, Sevca, Scvoy, Scvy
Se»all,Sewal, Siwef, Scwell, Sewlll, Sowel, Sowcll, Suel
Seward, Seaward , Seawood, Sewards, Scy ward
Sexton, Saxton, Sexien, Sixton
Seviiiour, Saymore, Saymour, Seamcr, Seamers, Scamore, Seamour, Seemore, Eemoiir, Seymor,
'"■evniore.
Slmckleford, Shackelford, Shackford , Shacklefoot, Shakford, Shaklefoot
Sha'le, Seha'le, Schaid, Shead
Shaler, Khallor, Shavler
Sh I'lk. Suhanek, Sehenek, Schenk, Schink. Shaiick, Shanks, Shcnck, Shenk
Shannon. Shanam, Shanan, Shannan, Shaoon, Sbennon, Shcnon, Shlnnan
Shaple y, Shaplaw', Shapleigb
Shari>."Sharpc, Sherp
.-^harjiless, Sharf)les
Slialluck, Shatock. Shallock, Shaluck
Shaver, SchaelTer. SehalTer, Schaver, Schcffer. Schiller, Shafer, Shaffer, Shavor, Shavours,
Shavrer, Sheafer. Shealler, Sheaver, Sheavor, Shcfer, SheOcr, SheSor
Shaw, Shawe, Shaws
Shav, Shavs. Shea. Shcy
Shoafe, Shaaf, Shall. Shaft, Sharff, Shcal, Sheafc, ShcafI
Shearer. Soberer. Shara, Sliaraw, Sharer, Sharler, Sharrer, Shcen-r, Shecrlr, Shercr, Shcrre,
Sherrar. Sherror. Shierer. Shirer, Shlrow, Shirror ;
Shearln. Sharan. Sharran, Sharron, Shcaron, Sherin, Shcroon, Shlron
Sherl. She.M.Sheeil ,
Sheer. Share. Shares. Shear. Shears, Shcors, Shelrs, Shier, Shleis
Sheets. Kheats, Sheet, Sheotz, Shctc
Shellield, Shoflold. ShllTiclds, Shullicid, ShuOeld
Sheldon, Schelton, Sheldon, Shcldin, Sheldlng, Sheldonc, Sheldom, Sheldron, SheKon
Shell.
Shell V, Sohallov, Scbollv, Shalley, Shallv, Shealy, Shecley, Shcely, Shelev, Shcllcv
She|.|ir'lson,Shcperdson, Shephensen, Shephcrdson, Sheppardson, Shepperdson, Shepperson,
Shepherd. SebiVierdrshapard, Sliappart, Sh.inpert. Shepard. Sheperd, Sbepbard, Shepbert,
Shi ppa(l,Shi i.p;ir<l, Shipperd, sheppherd. siiiiuiril. Shiphard. shipperd.
Sherliunie. Sherl. one. Sherljorn. Sherljoiirn, Slierlx
.,-.-, .hoiirne.Shorl.um
Sheri'dini' Shiir.idin.', Shar.idon, Shardon. Sheanion, Sheradin, Sberden, SberdoD, Sheicdan,
Sh.ridan, slioridini'. Sherridan. Sherri.l.n, Shoridine
Shcrk, sbereh.Sherek.Sherks, Shirk, Shirke,shiirk -
Shernian, Shan man, Shamran, Shannon, Shcannan, Sbecrman, Sbereman, Staennin, Snermon,
Shennond. Shireinan, Shiniian, Shurman
Sherrill, Sherral. Sherrel, Shorn 11, Sherril
Sherrod. Slianl. Shan d. Slier, d, Shoried, Sherod, Sherrad, Sberrads
Slierwtn, Schirvin. S^.e^^■in. Sliinin
Shirwood . Shearwood . Sh. er\vood , Shorewood, Sherwod
Shi. Ids, Shcal, Shealds, Shoals, Sheilds, Shcillz, Sbolds, Shield :••;••;
ShilTir, Shclcrt, Sheflrt, Shcfor, Shieller, Shifer, Sbifcrt, Shuflart, Shufler, Shuford
Sbiliinf,', Shillings
Sh pl.y, Shepley, Shippley
Shipiiian.
Shipi), Ship, Shipo, Shipes, Shippe, Ships.
Shippey, .Snipec, SIii[ " '^'"' '"■
•, .Shipec, Shippav, .Shippec, Shippy
Sherley, SherIy,'Shier[y, Shirely, Shirly, Sburlcy
Sbirl.'y, Shf - _ ., - .
Sbiv.'ly, SheiblVy, Shibley, Shioblcy, Shiveloy.
Sho<'k , Sboch
Shoeklov. Shocklv, Shokov, Sbokloy .• ■ ■ -..v ■ — oi,' " '^ILV 'ci.'.;A^^kU'
Sho.iM.,k.r, Scbo6inaker, Shoamaker, Shoemake, Shomaker, bhoumaker, Shuemake, Shumnkc,
Slioll. Shoals. Shoids.SholtJs, Shoiiids, Shoulcs, Shouls
Shook, Shoakos, Shuke, Skok •■■ ••,• ■
Shon-s. Shoare, Shoars, Shore, Showar, Showais, Shower, Showers, Shown
Short. Shoric, Shorts
Shoiip, .shoap, Shoop, Shop, Shopc, Sbopf
Shov
Shrailer," 'Schrader," Schreder.'Schri'der,' sihroder, Schrocder, Shradur,
Shrawder, Shraader,
Shre<ler, Shroeder.
Rhroiner, Schreincr, S<hriener, Shrencr. Shriener, Shrlner, Shrinner. Sriner
Shrivor. Schreiver, Sebriver, Screver, Scriver, Shrellier, Sbrelver, anvor
Shuler. Shoeler
lhllllz.^S,*«lV.-Schui.z,"Sch.ii^Shoit,Shol.s;sholi.;sh^
Shiilt.ShnUs. Sbnlz •• iW.'.V.A;,'
Shuman, Shoeman, Shooman. Shoinnan. Showman, si..,p.rmn. Shiinion
«.t
».7
4.7
6.6
4.0
«. 1
r. I
.v»
5.7
4.0
S.'i
0.0
!,.6
5.8
6.2
.5.9
S.3
5.5
6.4
6.3
6.4
6.0
6.S
4.g
CO
4.6
6.7
6.0
6.0
6.2
5.5
8.5
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.0
6.9
6.0
6.8
5.4
6.5
5.8
5.9
6.1
6.1
5.4
6.4
5 6
5.4
5.0
7.4
6.9
8 1
6 2
6 0
5.5
6 1
4 7
5 2
6 3
6 3
6 4
6 6
6 3
6 2
6 6
6.0
6 7
5.6
6.0
5.0
tlO
6.3
6.4
6.0
5S
6l«
6.2 1
TOUL.
BKUW or rAMiuu.
1«
131
162
31
22
62
19
30
22
25
134
64
66
26
32
31
43
116
22
36
62
61
45
67
95
61
77
128
49
36
18
112
80
23
211
24
84
368
673
27
21
107
23
47
34
CO
48
325
39
B
3 I
89
616
756
144
85
268
103
184
119
146
636
312
307
93
144
154
199
556
«3
176
331
274
196
2S8
417
241
366
600
244
129
102
665
433
97
939
179
4ce
1,774
2,677
107
124
632
111
209
1K7
2!I6
296
1,663
198
429
46
20
19
424
18
20
20
187
»5
24
30
46
44
36
28
41
18
28
26
166
40
40 I
*">
116
25 !
17 I
39
24
69
24
21
loa
31
118
1,979
204
80
121
,079
128
UK
)>»
126
240
231
159
129
216
93
127
101
73«
178
208
1H7 {
670 1
132
92 I
117 ;
116
2W
111
102
107
131
1! .
u
il
9 43
7 63
...( 17
... 1
1 7
2 18
21 42
4
3
3
28
20
1
6
1 I 13
10 12
2 6
.... 2
« I S
26 166
2 I I
....I 6
13
22 6«
4
130 08
2
1:1
iL
8 ....
* >
4 3
U 2
2 ....
2 a
lil
4
8 3 ...
1 60 I 12 I 4
1 l!l6|...
■•-I * *
...21 U
3 1 .....
. ... I 2
17 M
67
4
6 3
26 1
1 : 21
.... -3
22 54 19
4 46 ' 4
1 I 2 ;....
43 63 a
I 20
I
73 212
12 63 87
8 12
2 i 7
1 21
1 ....
12 I 5
62 46
II
6
18
11 13 36
28
66
l*^.''
U
U
u
.*.!..^|■ 21 3^,-8-1 *
12
1<
1
1.1
. .
20
IM
5
11
a
10
14
1
6
14
1
3
IS
7
*
0
17
6
31
34
13
6
....
4
1
....
....
1
21
19
5
4
•
23
26
9
1
4
IS
a
1*1
I
t
V
66
«
•
16
t
3
4
7G292— 09-
-18
262
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 11 l.-NOMENOLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
Shumway
Shurtllfl. Shircled, Shirtlef, Shirtlefl, ShirtliS. Shlrtlifls, Shirtlift, Shurtlif, Shurtlitt
Shuns, Sherts, Shertz, Shirt, Shirts, Shirtz, Shurt
Shusler, Schuster. Shoester
Shute, Schut, Schuts, Schutt, Shoot, Shoote, Shoots, Shootz, Shoutz, Shutes, Shuts, Sbutt,
Shutts, Shutz
Sibley, Cibley, Siblv
Sickler, Sicklor, Sicler, Slklair, Syelear
Sickles, Sickcls, Sickle, Sides
Sidwcll. Seidel, Seidle, Seydel, Sidal, Siddle, Sidell, Sidle, Sydle
Sigler, Seagler, Segalcr, Se'gler, Siegler, Sighler, Siglar, Sigleer
Sikcs, Sykes
Sill, Sile, Siles, Sills, Svlcs, Syll
SiUimaii. Sileman. Silemon, Siliman, Sillaman, Slllimon, Silloman
Sllsbv, Silisl>e, Sillsbie, Silsbe, Silsbee, Silsbey
Silver, Siliver, Silvers
Silvester, Sylvester
Simmerman, Cimermin, Simennan, Simermon, Sininiermon
Simmons, Cimmins, Simraans, Simmens, Simmins, Simmon, Simmond, Simmonds, Sinmons,
Symmonds, S\'mmons
Simons, C'iman. Seimon, Siman, Simands, Simen, Simon, Simond, Simonds, Symon, Symond,
Syraonds, Symons
Sinionson
Simonton, Simenton, Simington, Symenton
Simpson, Cempsen, Simeson, Simison, Simson, Sympson
Sims, Semmes, Sim, Simes, Siinin, Simmes, Simins, Sym, Syme, Symes, Symiues, Sjinms,
Syms '- "
Sinclair. Saintclair, St. Clair, St. Clear, St. Clere, Senkler, Sinckler, Sinclar, Sinclare, Sinclares,
Sinclear, Sincleer, Sincler, Sinclere, Sinelier, Singclair, Sinklar, Sinklear, Sinkler
Singer, Singars
Singietary, Singeltary, Singletarry, Singleterry
Singleton, SinEellton,«Singelton, Singeltong, Singlton, Sinlileton
Sink, Sinck, Sinks
Sipe, Seip, Seipe, Sipes, Sipps, Sips, S>'pe, Sypes, Syps
Sisson, Scisou, Scisson, Sisam, Sisem, Sison, Sissen,"Sissom
Skelton, Sk ilton
Slddmore, Schedmore, Schidmore, Scidmore, Scudmore, Shidmore, Skedmore, Skldmer. . .
Sk-ifl, SciS. Skell, Skille. Skift
Skillings, Seeling, Skellen, SkelUng, Skillen, SMllens, Skillern, Skillin, SMlling, Sklllins
Skinner, Skiner, Skinnr
Skipper, Scipper, Seipper, Skipperd
Slack,Slcck
Slade, Slades, Slaid, Slead
Slagle, Slagel, Slegel
Slater, Sclater, Shlater, Slader, Slator, Slatter, Slayter, Slaytor, Sleater, Sleighter, Sleyhter . .
Slaughter, Slauter, Slauwter, Slawter
Slawson, Slason, Slausen, Slauson, Slosson
Slay ton, Slaten, Slaton, Slatten, Slayden, Sletten
Sleeper
Sleght, Slate, Slates, Slats, Sleight ;;;"
Sloan, Sloane, Slon, Slone, Sloon, Slowan, Slown '."
Slocum, Sloaknm, Slocom, Slocomb, Slocome, Slocumb, Slokura
Sluvter, SUghter, Sliter, Slvter
Sly, Schley, Sligh, Slj'e . . .'. '." [[[.'." [
Small, Smals, Smalts, Smaltz, Smalz, Smawl
Smalley, Smaley, Smally, Smawley, Smayley !..!!!!!!!!!!
Smallwood, Swallwood '.'....'.'.
Smart ].."!"!..'!!.'!."!]!
Smead, Smedes, Smedis, Smee, Smeed
Smedley, Smeadley , Smedly .■ ..'. "
Smiley, Smileiy, S'milie, Smilley, Smilly, Smlly, Smyley
Smith, Schmidt, Shmit, Smidtt, Smit, Smithe, Smitt, Smltz, Smyth
Smither, Smithers ^
Smock, Smoke, Smooli .'.".'.".".'."!."!.']
Smoot, Smutz "[
Snead, Snede, Sneed ;
Snell, Schnell, Shnelle '-.\'.\\'.'..'.'.\'.'.'.'.\'.'.'.'.[
Snipes, Snipe, Snips ! " ',"
Snively, Shnively, Sneveley, Snevcly, Snivley "
Snodgfass, Snodgres, Snodgress, Snudgrass '.'.'.['..'.'.
Snook, Snoke, Snouk, Snuke .'.'.'..'..'.
Snow, Snows .'.'.'.'..'."'.'.'.'.]
Snowden, Snoden, Snodon, Snoton
Snyder, Schneider, Schnider. Schnidor, Schnieder, SchnvdeK Schnydore simeider Shnevdor
Shnidcr, Shnyder, Sneider, Snevder, Snider, Snidere,"Snydor ■ j .
Solomon, Salamon, Solomons, Soimon, Soloman, Solomans, Solomons
Soper, Soaper
Sorrel!, SarroU, Sorell, Sorrel, Sorrels, Sorrils .".'.' ."^ .'!!!."!.' .'!
Souder, Sooter, Sootor, Souders, Souter '.'.'.'.'.'.
Soule, Soal, Soale, Solds, Sole, Soles, Soil, Soul, Souls, SowJe.
South, Soutch
Southerland, SotherUn, Sotherline, Southeriin, s'ouhVeriine' ' Southorlin7 " Surtherland
Sutherland ' '
Southern, Sothoron, Southen '.',.'."." '
Southward, Southard, Southward '."['.'.['.'.['..'..'.
Southwick, Southwic '..'..'.
South wortli '...'..]'.'.'.'.'.'..'.[
Soward, Saward, Sayards, Say ward, Sowards, Sowart..' .".",".".*]"," ."."!"!
Sowers, Saner. Saur. Soner, Sour, Sours, Sower, Sowts... .'.'.'..'..'.
SpalTord. Spafard, Spofford '..'..'.'.'...'.
Spain, Spane '.['[
Spalding, Spaldan, Spalden, Spaldin, Spaldon, Spaldwin, Spauiding, Spolden sWd'n
Spangler, Spengler ' ^
Sparhawk, Sparahauk, Sparowhawk [.]]...[".
Sparks. Sparkes, Spearks [[[[
Sparrow
6.6
5.5
5.4
S.2
5.6
6.0
6.0
5.7
4.8
6.5
S.3
6.1
5.1
5.9
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.6
6.8
5.9
5.4
6,1
6.6
5.2
5.7
6.9
6.3
6.0
5.6
6.7
6.3
5.7
5.5
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.0
5.4
6.2
6.3
5.7
6.3
5.8
6.3
5.8
6.2
6.6
5.1
4.6
5.3
6.6
6.1
5.9
5.6
6.9
4.9
5.3
4.9
5.9
6.4
7.8
6.7
6.0
S.8
4.7
6.0
6.5
5.7
5.7
6.6
5.6
6.6
6,4
6.4
5.8
5.3
6.5
5.:
6.3
6.1
().8
6.6
6.2
5.5
6.8
6.2
31
41
28
21
92
68
17
39
32
24
102
64
29
22
34
107
32
436
311
21
31
371
215
97
31
25
65
21
24
87
26
43
18
21
234
22
40
76
20
64
73
38
25
42
42
108
80
24
33
139
47
43
60
27
23
46
.5,932
15
29
36
45
117
19
17
23
19
326
40
517
31
66
18
37
115
16
100
22
69
38
46
28
44
67
16
280
42
21
97
36
SI
a
174
184
124
88
424
337
85
184
121
133
436
262
120
108
150
467
138
1,984
1,440
121
152
1,638
1,043
399
144
105
307
103
128
438
117
204
95
98
1,048
107
236
360
103
317
318
196
133
198
221
620
425
115
172
640
195
154
260
151
118
224
27,313
89
112
164
176
674
84
116
130
95
1,557
148
2,564
141
304
85
207
526
89
636
96
281
163
262
114
191
343
93
1,294
217
96
470
1S3
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
a
K
B
i
a
1
>
p
a
■0
3
1
0
>
1
■a
□
t
a
2
'B
>
a
1
0
a
.a
5
2
23
23
2
3
1
3
16
2
40
2
7
24
2
3
6
'V2
16
9
2
9
10
19
15
2
25
8
3
6
1
16
19
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
6
7
1
10
4
2
11
44
"i
6
4
5
"i
1
1
3
2
3
40
4
1
1
6
1
"2
1
1
22
1
4
1
13
9
21
19
3
5
10
1
2
1
2
3
73
1
?
'22'
7
12
3
■"s'
7
10
50
3
13
8
49
"2
36
2
"5'
86
4
2
3
7
10
68
54
15
26
14
26
17
92
39
23
19
2
37
22
2
10
55
1
14
43
20
12
38
1
40
48'
6
65
27
2
14
3
42
2
4
1
21
4
2
6
14
40
43
40
38
5
21
4
1
5
7
2
20
24
14
3
3
1
9
»
1
4
16
12
3
3
"i'
2
1
1
24
10
R
1
3
10
19
4
9
1
4
2
2
1
13
6
"7'
3
9
■"fl
20
5
2
7
6
33
35
4
2
5
6
10
'23'
3
6
A
1
1
7
5
6
9
1
9
12
67
35
1
5
2
27
10
3
11
1 1
.... 5
1
3
5
21
4
5
2
16
"ii'
11
15
2
8
2
8
10
6
3
11
16
27
3
7
15
2
1
.... 2
3
1
1
3
2
1
1
4
2
5
3
6
1
7
14
21
"3'
10
2
13
9
6
20
1
1
3
9
1
3
1
36
3
25
13
13
21
6
5
7
'32'
2
5
1
1
29
3
1
2
15
4
7
4
1
2
3
1
7
9
'23"
1
S
4
"3'
4
2
7
"2
1
1
425
7
2
4
11
4
6
26
3
1
'25'
4
5
13
8
7
2
11
5
'io'
1
22
9
2
2
1
3
3
3
1
1
6
24
3
2
3
8
"5'
383
7
6
1
2
257
8
4
3
1,028
3
13
19
838
4
18
1
1
396
"3
31
5
9
5
193
3
366
4
725
2
2
1
25
14
11
1
174
767
380
?
4
,
4
4
1
5
2
38
6
2
15
10
8
6
17
22
2
2
15
313
4
....
25
2
3
8
1
1
1
13
8
4
1
6
40
2
13
"2
1
3
4
10
35
20
n
179
1
10
29
14
■ 16
4
3
1
2
5
1
19
2
1
14
11
15
8
3
7
3
120
8
15
2
ir>
5
4
2
14
10
....
4
14
"5'
2
22
5
2
'26"
1
1
'"5"
6
46
1
5
1
23
5
35
'27'
7
5
2
•>
6
1
1
1
14
's'
4
":::::
1
3
1
7
2
3
22
32
9
"7"
2
1
12
1
2
23
1
6
3
8
1
2
1
11
4
3
q
18
26
.....:.
6
11
19
49
29
82
3
45
18
4
38
1
13
2
29
2
If
2
"2
2
6
2
2
12
2
8
1
8
2
6
24
6
13
9
15
6
11
GENERAL TABLES.
263
Table 111,
-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS HY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-<'onlinui-.l
Spatz, Spade, Spades, Spacht. Spaight, Spates
Speaks, Speak, Speakc, S[M'eks
Spears, Spear, .six^iire, S|»ares, bpcer, Speers, Speir.'sJMlni SpieusV Spier! SpimVsiAraa
Spelman, Speamiau, Spoetman, Speilman, Spollman «- ' *- » i-
Spencc
Spencer, Spenscer, Spenser, Spensor, Spinccr
Sperry, Sp<'<'rry, Sporey [[][
Spicer, Spiear, i^piscr ""
SplRht, SpciKht, Spights
Spikeman, Speakraan, Spit^kman, Spekman, SpiclOTian.
Spink, .Spinck, Spinks, fepynk
Spinney, Spinny
Splvcy', Spiva, tipive, Spl\-y
Spooner.
Spoor, Spoar, Spoore, Spore
Sprague, SpraKc Spralg, Sprauge, Spreague.
Sprigg, SprpKS, Sprig, Spriggs
Spring, Springs
SprinKer. Spranger
Sprin^stwl.
Sproiil, Spraul, Sprawls, Sprole, SprouU, Sproals, Sprowl, Sprawls..
Spruil. Spruell, fc pruril
Spur, Spuir.
Spurling. Sparlin, Sparling, Spurlln
Squire, Squalr. Squecr, Squier. Squiers, Squires, Squirres.-Squro..
Staats, Slalc, States, Stats, Stall, Stalls, Stauts
Stackhouse .
Stacy, Slaccy, Slacia, Stasey, Staycy.
Stauord.
Slagg, Stag, Slaije, Staggs, Stags
Staggi'rs, Stager, Stagers, Staggar, Staggart, Stagger, Stayger, Steger, Steghcr, Steleer
Stalev. Stallv, Stalv, Stehlv
Stall,' Slaal.Staals, Sl:ihl, Stal, Stale, Stales, Stalls
Stallings, Stalints, Stallens, Stallins
Stallions, Slailians, Stallion, Stallons
Standish, Standaye, Stanniyh
Stanfield, Standfield, Stanfild, Ktanfill, Siondileld
Stanford, Standi-rford, Standlord, Standiford, Staniford, StaDniford
Stanley, Stand l*y, Standly, Stan lay, Stanly
Stannard, Stanard, Standard, Standart, Stannert, Stanord, Stonnard
Stansbury , S t.iiil mrry, Stan bun,', Slansbery
Stanton, "Stanlown, Staunton. .*.
Stanwood
I
Staples, Stapels, Staple, Stapole
Starboard, Starberd, Slarbird, Starbord
Starbuck, Stiirbrick
Staring, Stauring
Stark, Starck, Starke, Starkes, Slarks, Steark
Starkev, Starky
Stark« lather, Slackweather, Starkwether, Stearkweather
Starling, Starlin
Slams, Starn, S tames
Starr, Star, Starrs, Stars
Stalon, Stat< n, Statten, Station, Slattons, Staylon
Stauller, Staufer, Slofi r. Stoller, Klopher, Stoplior, Stonier, StouOer, Stoupber, Stowler
Slcaman, Slaynian, St*-inian, Stenian, Steniane, Stemon
Steams, Steam, Stearnes. Stem. Sterne, St^'mes, Stems
Stebbin.s, St-bbens, Sl^bbin, Stebens, Stebins. Stibbins
Stedman, Stead man, Stednion. Steeiiman, Sle(*dinon
Steel, Steal, StJMie, Steals. Steele, St.-(ll,St<'il, Stell, Stclls
Steeiibergh, Steenberg, SurnberKli, Stemburgh, Strenbergh
Steer, Stear, St<iTe, Stir rs, su-br, Stier, Stiers
Stein, Stean, Steen, Suiue, Steines, Sticen
Stephenson, Stepe.nson, Slephensen, Slcphensons, Stevenson, Steveson, Stevlnson, Stevison,
Stiveson .
Sterling, Stirling
Stcrrol, Staran, Staret, Starit, Starrat, Stanatt, Starret, Starrit, Starrot, Sterrelt, Stcrrit, SterritI
Stetson, Steatson, Stedson, Stulson
Slovens, Slaphens, Suivans, Steavens, Steavins, Stephens, Steevens, Stephans, Stephantis,
Stephen, StJ phens, St>phins, Stetphen, Stevans, Slevins, Sliven, Slivens, Stivin, Stvens
Stewart, Sti-nad, St. iiard, Steuart, Steucl, Steward, Slewat, Stewerd, Stewert, Stewort, Stuard, i
St uarl , St uert, S twan
Stiekne V, Sliekn y ■
Stiles, Stile, St vies, Styls
Still, Stil,Stille,Stilles
Stillman, Stilman
Slillwell,Stelwill,Stillwill,StUwcll,Stilwill
Stilson , Stillson , Stiltson
Slinipson, Stimpon, Stimson
Stiner, Steinir, Stvner
Stinson, Stanson, Stcinson, Slenson, Stienson, Stlnsen
Stiver, Stever, Slevers, Stivers
Slock, Stockc, Slocks
Storking, Stoekin.Stoekings
Sloeknian,Sunkiiian.Sloekennan
Stockwell,Stoek\vil,Stokell
Stoelon, Stock<len, Stockdon, Sloekslon, Stockton . .... .. . ■■■■■■■ ■■■ -i;, v;i;-J,-
Stoddard, Stodard, Stoddar, Stodder, Stodderd, stoddcrt, Stoddord, StuddaM
Stoker, Stoekcr
Stokes, Stoakes, stoke, Stoks, Stock
Stone. Sloan, Stones !!!!!!!!
Storcr
264
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 111.— NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
^~
o
CO
1
<
TOTAL.
HEADS OF FAMILIES.
NA&fE,
1
w
S
1
o
,0
a
a
1
>
1
i
2
9
24
1
-a
a
0
a
a
1
a
p
0
0
•a"
40
3
13
'i
>
a
a
(S
6
2
18
6
12
1
23
a
3
t
a
12
2
10
1
.2
a
>
....
1
14
d
0
2
"ii"
1
g
&
5.9
7.0
5.9
6.2
8.6
6.4
6.7
5.7
6.4
5.2
5.9
6.1
5.4
6.2
5.7
6.1
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.2
6.5
6.9
6.1
6.0
5.3
5.3
6.0
6.4
6.4
5.2
5.3
6.7
5.8
6.8
7.6
5.1
5.0
5.8
5.5
6.5
6.2
7.1
5.4
6.0
6.0
5.7
6.8
5.8
5.3
6.4
6.9
6.8
6.2
6.0
5 8
4.8
4.7
6.6
6.0
6.8
6.1
6.6
6.0
6.3
4.7
5.6
5.6
5.5
6.8
6.7
6.6
5.8
6.4
4.8
4.4
6.6
6.3
5.5
4.8
6.9
5.3
6.9
6.0
5.3
5.3
5.8
6.8
62
46
128
22
12
21
72
18
84
88
73
37
32
44
115
34
27
66
61
20
147
34
21
212
21
63
20
33
26
62
31
40
96
89
IS
30
162
18
177
128
19
14
205
21
21
332
25
114
43
28
286
41
64
159
18
21
64
22
113
108
54
22
127
62
47
38
65
126
28
48
46
30
66
68
29
1,709
30
66
23
19
99
55
23
25
47
47
188
305
275
629
115
91
114
338
85
457
368
355
188
140
229
637
175
122
286
254
84
606
199
107
1,061
90
229
100
144
115
209
133
229
458
424
lis
122
651
87
800
682
99
S6
908
106
85
1,557
144
651
184
152
1.40S
330
801
87
80
237
124
570
.517
274
98
632
278
176
176
255
573
133
226
212
144
248
258
99
7,738
159
297
88
113
421
268
114
108
200
227
898
1
4
5
9
7
12
16
15
1
8
Stott 'stoats 'stot Stots Stotts
2
1
3
12
2
9
18
5
8
6
10
3
9
11
1
7
20
2
9
1
Stoutenbur^h Stoughtenburgh Stcutenbergh, Stoutenburg
21
1
6
34
7
3
3
11
"3'
7
9
12
6
16
1
"4
2
1
6
6
1
?
2
6
1
4
7
3
35
35
4
■fo"
26
8
•>
Straight Strait Strate, Streat, Streight
1
1
1
1
"is"
16
•^
Strain, Stran, Strane, Stra^Ti, Strean
n
6
61
1
3
2
2
13
n
1
3
S
21
11
2
Straw
1
3
3
5
7
4
9
3
14
4
....
8
1
"7'
5
8
11
2
1
78
9.
1
17
1
17
"3'
15
Streeter, Strater, Streiiter, Streator, Streetor, Streter, Struter
2
13
11
10
26
7
6
2
14
18
32
6
5
3
4
"4"
6
"4
1
2
9
26
4
Strickler, Striiklar, Stricler
Strint:er ^
1
6
'32'
1
30
....
1
30
3
7
5
14
■^
Strong, Stronge
88
7
Strother, Slrauther, Strawther, Strothers
7
Stroud, Strode, Strowd
2
1
2
2
Strouse, Straus, Stranse, Strauss, Strous
1
1
4
1
g
2
17
Strowbridge, Stra-.vbrege, Strawbridge, Strobridge, Strowbridg
"9"
4
4
9
7
20
1
2
2
7
2
22
1
Stubbs. Stubb. Stubs, Stulbs
R
Studley, Stoodley, Stoodlv, Studly
2
2
2
Stump, Stutnip
1
0
7
21
"i'
11
10
11
2
2
1
29
Sturdevant, Sterdefent, Stertwant, Stirdivan, Studefent, Studerfent, Studifent, Studiphunt,
Studvent, Sturdaphant, Sturdavant, Sturdefant, Sturdephant, Sturdevant, Sturdevent, Sturdi-
fent, Sturdiphant, Sturtevant, Sturvant
11
1
4
5
31
10
14
36
10
2
"28"
42
10
22
29
2
2
5
Sturges, Stergis, Stiu-gis, Sturgus ,
Suber, Berber, Serter, Subers, Surber
5
Sugg, Suggs, Sugs
I
Sullivan, Sewlovan, Sulavan, Sulaven, Sulifen, Sulifln, Sulivan, Sulivane, Suliven, Sullavant,
Sullaven, SuUavent, Sulla\nn, Sulleven, SuUivane, Sullivant, Sulliven, Sullivent, Sullivern,
Sylivan, Svilivan
8
4
1
3
1
10
16
4
29
25
23
Summerlin, "Sumerland, Summerland
4
Summers, Somer, Soniers, Sonuner, Sommers, Suraers, Summer, Summere, Summers
2
2
1
6
5
9
5
2
54
"6
29
17
11
2
1
35
23
8
18
Sumner, Sumnar, Sunmers
1
Sunderland, Sunderliu
4
1
Supple, Suplee, Supplee
Sutton, Sutou, Sutten
2
6
8
7
26
21
21
16
47
13
Suydam
Swagart, Swaggert, Swegart, Sweigard, Swergart, Swigard, Swigart, Swigert
18
33
1
73
1
8
4
2
22
7
3
3
36
11
44
7
93
5
27
19
24
34
18
8
43
7
Svvartwout, Swarthout, Swartout, Swartwaut
Swartz, Schwartz, Swart, Swarts, Swarz
3
4
Swasev, Swaesy, Swazey, Sweasey, Sweasv, Sweesy, Swesey, Swesy, Swezey, Swezy
8
1
13
1
....
1
5
5
Swearingen, Swaringen, Swaringim, Swaringin, Swearengen, Swearingem, Swearinggam,
Swearinggame, Swearinggen, Swearingham, Swearingon, Sweamggen, Sweringam. . .
8
"i"
7
Sweet, Sweat, Sweatt, Sweit, Swet. .Swete, Swett, Swetz..
31
6
5
3
30
2
1
3
13
2
1
19
42
9
27
71
65
2
9
14
76
4
1
10
3
10
Sweetland, Swatland, Sweatland, Swedeland, Sweitland, Swetland, Switland.
Sweet^er, Sweitzer, Swetser, Switser, Smtzer
5
9
?
Swift, Sweft, Swif
24
2
3
10
9
20
6
1
Swim, Swaim, Swimb, S^\imm, Swims
Swindall, Swendel, Swindell, Smndill, Swindle
1
Swinney. Swamey, Swamy, Swaney, Swany, Sweaney, Sweany, Sweeney, Sweeny, Sweney,
Swermey, Swiney, Swinne, Swiimy
"4"
4
"i'
6
1
1
2
3
41
74
6
10
18
7
3
1
13
2
19
7
1
10
19
7
1
5
Swisher, Swicher, Swicker, Switcher, Switchur, Swsher
Tabor, Taber, Tabour
4
8
13
1
2
4
16
6
1
2
3
32
4
2
2
6
4
Taft, TaalT, Taalle, Taft, Taffs, Taflt, Tafts
Taggart, Tagard, Tagart, Tagert, Taggard, Taggert, Tagget, Taggort, Taggot, Teegard, Tegart. .
19
2
5
?.
Tainter, Taintor
10
3
39
Talbot, Talberd, Talbert. Talbott. Talbut, Talbutt, Tallbard, Tolbart, Tolbert, Tolbot, Tolbott
Torbatt, Torbcrt, Torbit, Torbutt > . > . uiuun.
3
2
25
33
18
5
10
Taloott, Talck-ut, Talcot, Tolcot, Tolcott
Tallcy , Taley . Tally
1
39
6
1
Talmage, Ta'lhnadge, Talmadge, Tamage
2
3
3
1
2
5
5
2
23
11
18
■3
15
3
7
2
1
7
19
29
26
17
....
Tahnan, Taleman, Tallman, Tallmans, Talmon, Tauhnan
3
16
1
8
2
26
"io"
1
Tanner, Taner, Tanna, Tannar, Tannir. Tannor
"2
4
16
io'
2
1
5
9
5
10
1
6
Tappen, Tapin, Tappan, Tappin. Tapping..
Tarbell, Tarabell, Tarball, Tarbalt, Tarbble, Tarbel, Tarbi'l, Tarbie
1
1
Tarbox
2
Tarlton
Tarr, Tar
14
13
6
""e"
2
190
"2
1
6
1
13
24
294
16
10
Tate, Tait, Taite
Talom, Tatum, Teatuni
1
228
10
....
"2
20
"is
Taylor, Tabler, Tader, Tadlor, Tailor, Talor, Tayler, Tayl'oe, Tayiore, Tayiour
38
1
3
98
62
43
■'3'
139
1
5
1
165
1
11
U
16
6
2
4
25
43
207
2
21
....
141
1
1
"i'
101
Teague, Tcag, Tcage .
5
1
4
1
5
Telford. Tilford. Tolford, Tylford
Teller, Tcler, Teller '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Temple, Tempele, Temples
Templeton.Tcmpellon
Tenant, Tenent, Tennant, Tennent
Ten Brock, Ten Broecek, Ten Broeck, Ten Brooek, Ten lirooi-...
6
1
"6
"3"
24
3
1
2
3
10
7
3
Ten Eyck, Tanich, Ten Eck, Tennick, Ten Nycke, Ten Tyckc ; ' ;
4
Terry, Terey,Terrey,"Tery ■■-iii!-i^"!!!!!!; !!!!!! ^ !!!!!""!
ii
6
2
25
20
"4
i
30
hi
'ii'
i
3
'33"
i
19
i
12
GENERAL TABLES.
265
Table IIL-NOMKNTLATURE, DEALIN'O WITH NAMES REPKr.SENTKD BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST ( EXSUS: 1790-(ontinu.Hl '
Terwililper, TcrwIllcRcr, Tpwlllopcr, Tlrwllleccr, TniwIlURar
Teter, Teclor, Tector, Tetcrs, TcHor
Tew.
Tewksbury, Touksbury, Tcuxbury, Tewkbury, Tewkesbury, Tueksbii'ry, Ti'iexbury Tuk'ii-'
berr/,Tukcsbury,Tu-xbury '
ThackV r, Thaker ][[[
ThatrhiT, Thachcr, Thracher ......',
TliaNter, Thaxtor
Thaver, Thalr, Thare, Thayrc, Their, Theyar
Thealo, Tho.ii ; ; ;
Thomas, Tbomos, Thommas, Tomas, Tomes, Tommns
Thompson, Thomason, Thomcrson, Thomlson, Tbomsin, Tbomson, Tomiison. Tomlaon, Tomp-
son, Toinson *^
Thom . Thome [''"
Thom!>nrv, Thornberry, Thorabery, Thorasl)erry, Thorasburry, Thomsbun-
Thom.like
Thornton, Thaiinton, Thonton, Thorton, Thronton
Thorp, Tharp, Tbarpe, Thcarp, Thorpe, Thrope
Thrall
Thrasher. Thresher
Thrift. Thrilli
Thrdnnorton, Thro^morton
Throop, Thiiop, Throope, Throp, Thrope, Throup, Tlhroop
Thurhor, Thirl.nr '.'.'.'.'.".'.
Thurmond. Thrrman. Thermon. Thinnan, Thumian. Thurmon
Thurston, Thlrston, Thurstain, Thnrsten, Thurstin, Thurstone, Thustcn, Thustln, Thuston.i
TlhtiaMs. Tehliakls, TiWialls. TlWrnls, TIMiells, Tihbels, Tibbie. Tibbies. .
Tlbbets. Tel.liits, Tel.l.etl.«. Tehlilts, Thil.liett, Tlbbats, Tlblwt, Tibbett, Tlbbctts. TVbblt. Tlb^
hits, TIbl.ltts, Tibljots, TlblU
Tire, Tvce
TIdd.
Tier, Tear, Tears, Teer, Tiers
Tlffanv, Tifenv, Tldeney, Tlffeny, TlfTlny
Tift. TllT. Tllli
Tilden, Tel.len, Tlldan
Tlleston. Tilestone, Tilston
Tillfv. Tllev, Tillie. Tlllv. Tllv, Tvly
Tilllnqhast.' Tillenghast. Tllliiiiihass, Tllllnshurst
Tillotson, Tillerson, Tille.son, Tllletson, Tllllsen, TilUtson, Tilloson, Tlllolon, Tlllson, Tllblron,
Tllson.
Tilman, Tllchman, Tillman, Tilmon, Tiltman.
Tilton, Tillton
Timmons, Timmlns, Tlmmonds, Timons
Timms, Tims
Tindale, Tlndal, Tindall, TIndIc, Tinsdalc
Tinker.
Tinkham, Tinkam, Tinkum.
Tlnnev, Tinnv, Tj-ncy
Tlnslev, Tinslv
Tlppett , Ti ppet
Tipton, Tvpton
Tlsdale, Tcasdale, TIsdal, TIsdall, Tlsdel, Tisdell, Trisdal, Twisdale.
Titfomb
Titus, Tilas, Tltls
Tol ley, Toby
Tobias
Todd, Tod.
Tolor, Toaler, Tolar, Towler
Tolman, Toleman, Tollman
Toisin, Tolson, Toislon, Toltson
Tomlinson, Tliomlinson, Tombirlinson, Toml)lin.son, Tomerllnson, Tomllndson, Tomiison.
Tompkins, Thon)kin, Thomjikin.s, Tonikins, Tompkin
Toms. Thom, Thomb, Thumbs, Thome, Thorns, Toam, Tom, Tomm
Tone V, Tony
Toole'v, Tool v
Toppan, Topham , Toppen, Toppens, Toppin
Torrence, Torenee, Torranre, Torrans, Torrens, Torrors
Torrny, Torcy, Torrv, Torv
Totten, Torton, Toten, To'tton
Tower, Touers
Towle, Toal, To!e, Toles, Toll, Tolles, Towl, Towles, Towls
Town, Toun, Tonne, Townd,Townc,Townes, Towns
Towner, Touner ■ • ■ ■ • ■ ■ ; ■ • . .
Town.sij'd, Toimsand, Tounsend, Tounshend, Towndserd. Townstmd. Townsep. Tn«-n.ih»rd, i
Townshend,Townsin, Townson
Townsle V, Townlev, Town.slv
Traev, Traccv, Traiev, Trasec, Trassc, Traay, Trcac\
Trail, Tnilc, Trail...".
Train, Traine
Trask
Traver, Travarse, Travers, Traverse
Travin
Travlor, TraJor, Tnjyler -■■■-
Treadwnv, Treadawav, Tredaway. Treddlway, Tredway
Treadw i-jl, Tra<l»fll, Treadwel, Tredwcll, Trodwill
Treat , Treatl, Tri'et
Trent.
J. 7
7.0
a.t
7.0
S.9
S.«
4.9
8.7
6.3
S.7
6.6
6.1
{.I
6.1
6.8
6.1
6.6
6.2
4.9
6.0
6.8
6.6
6.2
6.8
6.6
6.7
0.6
6.8
6.9
6. A
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.2
i
_ *
1, li-
1,673
7.7 -
124
27
18
'iil
I.t?
n'.T
116
■i:
24
1
40
■..
22
18
26
!
44
30
1
162
7"
23
104
118
MO
27
l^
27
1
18
61
2ri.'.
64
.121
43
221
17
>'.*i
44
I7t
37
!■■.
64
64
96
t 11)
..I....!
3
5 ,
i!l
nr
1 1
S 2
T?lIi!'blc,freinbelVTrembic;TriinM"/Trumbal\^
buU
Tripp, Trip, Trippo, Trips
Troll, Trot, Trotts
Trotter
Trout
... 10
I , 8
3 12
3 I I
1W
;
H
41
23
in
.6,
1 16 I 3 12 1 1 . .
3 . ..| 42 6 I 13 ' 1
4 L11 .'. 1
^
14
C
fi 11.
1
3
i
3
J
.1
I 24
1-
■»
1
1
1
i'
13
3
2
27
2
1
6
4
10
9
2
7
7
»
18
»
n 1
6 8
1
6.1
7.0
16
8.7
18
«.l
B-
6 3
r
6 0
46
► ■■
£.4
28
266 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 111 -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
Troutmjin
Trow hridee, Trobridge ■ - - • ■■ ■■ .• •
Troxall, Traxall, Traxel, Traxell, Traxil, Troxel, Troxell, Troxill
Truax, Trueax
True, Trew
Truitt, Tnicit, Truil
Trusdcil' TroS?le,' TruesdalV Traesdale! 'Tniesda^ Trusdal, Trosdaie, Trusdall,
Trusedale -
Trvon
Tubbs, Tulib, Tubs
Tuck, Tucko, Tuckes
Tucker, Tuckers, Taker
Tufts, TulTs, TuSts, Tuft
Tull
TuUer, Tullar
Tupper. Tupir
Turk, Terk
Turner, Turnner, Turrner
'Pumev • " --..
Turrcf, Terrai,'Terrall. Terrel, Terrell, Terril Terrill, Terrol Tirrel Tirrell, Turell, Turrell, Turril,
Turrill, Tvrel, Tvrell, Tyrrall, Tyrrei, Tyrrell, Tyrrill
Tuttle, Tulal,Tutall,Tutin,Tutle,Tuttel
Twlss, Twisk, Twist
Twitchel, Twitchell
Twombly, Twamblv, Twamley, Twombley
Tyler, Teyler, Tiler,' Tuyler, Tylar, Tylor
Tyree, Tire, Tyer, Tyre, Tyrer
Tyson , Tison
Ulrich, Uldrick, Ulerich, Ullirick, Ullrich, Ulrick
Underhlll, Underhil, Undrill
Underwood, Underwod '
Upham, U pain, Upum
Upson, Upsom ^
Upton
Usher :
Utlev, Utlv, Uttley
Utter, Uttor
Vail, Vaile, Vale, Vales, Veile
Valentine, Valintine, Vallentine, Vallintine, Valuntine, Volentine, Volintine, Vollintine
Van, Vann, Vans
Van Aken, Van Aaken, Vanakin, Van Auken, Van Aukin, Van Awken
V: Allen, V" Allen, Van Allen, Van Aulen
Van Alstine, V: Alstin, Van Alstin, V : Alstine
Van Antwerp, V: Antwerp
Van AttcQ, Van Autin
V: Buren, Van Beuren, Van Bueren, Van Buren
Van Buskirk, V: Buskirk
Vance, Vanse, Vantz
Van Curen, V ; Curen
V: De Berfih, Vanber(;h, V: De Barnh, V: D: Bergh, Vndebergh, Vandebergh, Vandeburgh,
Vandenberg, V: Den Bergh, Vandenbergh, Vandenburgh, Van Der Bergh, Van Der Burgh,
Ve De Bergh
V; De Bogert, Van De Bogart, Van de Bogert, Vandenbogert, V: Der Bogart
Vandegrift, VandegrilT, Vandegriffe, Vandegrist, Vandegruff, Vandergrifl, Vandergrift, Vandi-
graft, Vandigrif, Vandigrift
Vanderbelt, Vandebelt, Vanderliilt, Van Dubelt
Van Der Mark, Vandamark, Van den Mark, Van Der Marjjs
V: Der Pool, Vanderpool
Vanderweir, Vandavour, Vandeavour, Vanderveer, Vanderwier, Vandever, Vandivear, Vandiver,
Vandivcre, Vendervcr, Vondevner, Vi'nevere, Vindever
Van Do Water, Vanderwator, V: De Water, Vand water
Van Duscn, Van Densaii, Van Deusen, Van Deuson, Van Doosen, Van Drusen, Van"Duesen,
Vandnsan, V: Dusen, Van Dusin, Vanduzzen
Van Dyke, Vandike, V: Dyck, Van Dyck, Vandycke, V; Dyk, V: Dyke
Van Horn, V: Horn, Van Home '
V: rioscn, Van Hoesen, Van Hosen, Van Hiisen, VanHusin
Van llouten
Van Kleock, V: Kleck, Van Kleech, V: Kleelv
Van Loon, Van Leon, Vanloan, Vanlone
Vanmetcr, Vamneeter, Vaiimcetor, Vanmetro
Van Ness, Van Est, V : Ness, V; Nest, Van Nest
Van Nostrand, Van Nostrandt, Van Nostrant, Vanorstrain, Vanorstrand, Vanostan, Vanosten,
Vanostran, Van Ost randt. Van Ostrant
Van Orden, Van Arden
Van Patten, V: Patten, V: Potten
Van Pelt
V: Renssellaer, Ransalear, Van Rensellaer, Van Renssellaer
Vansant, Vansandt, Vausanst, V: Zandt, Van Zandt, Van Zant
Van Schaick, V: Scaack, Van Scaack, Van Schaack, Van Schaaick, Van Schyck, Van Shaack. .
VanSlyke,V:SIeyk, V:Slyck, VanSlyck, V:&lyk, VanSlyk
Van Steenbergh, V: Sloenbergh
Van Tassel, Van Tasal, Van Tasell, V: Tassel, Van Tassell
V: ValkenbuTgh, Valkenburgh, V : Valkenbergh, Van Valkenburgh, Van Volienbergh, Van Vol-
kenburgh. Van Volkinburg, Van Volkinburgb, Volkenburgh
Van Vliet, V: Vleck, Van Vleck, Van Vleeck, V: Vleek, V; Vleet, Van Vloet, Van Vleit
Van Vraukin . V : Vran ken
Van Waggenen, Van Wagenen, Van Waggonon
Van Wart, Van Warp, Van Woert, V: Woort, Van Woort, Van Wort
Van Wyck, Van Wyehe, Van W'yk
Vamam, Vamhan, Vamum
Varney, Varny
Vaughn Vaughan Vaughen Vaughon, Vaughown Vaugon Vaun Vaune Veaughn, Vowan. ,
6.9
5.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.8
6.1
6.7
6.1
6.8
6.1
5.7
5.5
6.1
6.0
5.3
5.6
6.6
5.3
5.8
5.6
5.2
6.2
6.3
5.7
5.9
6.5
6.4
6.4
5.7
6.7
5.8
6.1
5.5
5.8
6.2
5.8
5.8
6.1
6.9
6.6
5.8
5.9
6.4
6.6
5.4
5.2
5.9
6.9
5.2
5.2
5.6
5.5
5.4
6.9
4.8
6.2
6.0
5.8
5.8
6.1
6.0
5.6
0.4
6.0
6.2
6.4
6.5
5.9
6.2
6.4
4.9
5.8
5.6
5.6
6.9
6.4
6.7
0.3
6.0
6.4
5.9
5.6
6.0
17
73
18
28
62
26
28
36
65
65
30
601
80
19
26
37
24
738
26
133
308
30
26
27
283
30
73
144
56
24
76
31
40
23
64
132
29
33
35
47
22
16
55
22
82
28
63
21
33
33
27
23
21
23
69
52
77
45
23
20
18
19
30
26
20
19
32
17
62
23
35
27
36
66
30
25
39
28
16
37
68
235
100
359
91
128
271
99
144
170
279
311
153
2,350
362
96
130
100
110
3,412
111
640
1,409
127
134
143
1,338
148
379
472
680
264
115
390
141
191
120
308
637
147
160
101
226
108
86
2.52
96
341
136
309
140
150
122
100
124
88
356
2.-,S
3B9
218
117
111
83
103
150
122
87
104
157
87
274
69
1C8
123
165
386
163
117
208
140
87
1S2
268
1,170
...' 1
:::'::::
26' 29
HEADS OP FAMILIES.
10
35
13
19
10
35
10
27 22
GENERAL TABLES,
267
Table 111. -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH N.VMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS RY STATES
AND TERRITORIES. AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790-€ontiiiued.
Vaught, Voght, Voigt, Vooght, Voogt, Voought, Vought.
Veal, Veale. Wall.
Veazey , Voasey, Veasy, Veailo-, Vcazy, Veesy
Veedor, Vedclor, Vcder, Vclder
Venable, Veaaiblo, Veanneble, Venables, Veneble.
Vcrmilya, VorraiUia
Vemer, Vernier, Vemor ,
Vernon, Vernam, Veman, Vemom, Vemum
Verj-, Varry, Vary, Verroe, Verrie, Veny
Viek. Vicks.
VIckers, Vlckars, Vicors
VIckery. Vicary, Viccory, Vickary, Vlckere, Vlckeree, Vlckeroy, Vlckory/Viciciy/viciory.!..!
Vlnal, Vinall
Vincent. Vencent, Venson, Vinceent, Vlnclent, Vlosant, Vinson, Vinzant
Vlning, VinlntTs
Vinton, Vinten. VIntin
Voorhis. Van Voorhcis, Van Vottrhls. Van Vooris, Van Voorklss, Voorbees, Voorheesc, Voortues.
Voorhlos, Voorhiis, Vooris, Voras, \'oreese. Voros. Vorls,VorTes
Vosbursh. VorburEh. Vosbur>*, Vossbergh, Vossburgh
V^ose. Voce, Vos, Voss. Vosst, Vowsc
VrrMienburt;h, Van \'redenbergh, V*an Vredenburgh, Vredenbergb, Vredenbugh, Vrvdonbagh,
Vreedenhurph
Vroman, Vrcwman
Waddle, Waddel, WaddHl, Waddill, Wadlo, Woddell, Wodle.,
Wade, Wadt*i, Waid, Waide, Wayd. Waydo
Wadley, Wadleigh, Wadliegh, Wadlow, Wadly, Wodley.,
Wadsworth, Wadworlh, VVardsworih, U'ardworth, Watsworlh, Wodsworth, Woodworth,
Woodsworth ,
WaR<'r, Wacaer, Wagar, Wagers, Waigor, Weager
Wairgoiur, Wagener, Waggoner, Waeginor, Waggner, Waggonner, Waggonor, Wagner, Wag-
ner, Wuponcr, Wawnour, Wetrner, AViegiicr
Wait, Waij;ht, Wait«-, Waitcs, Wails, Waitt, Watc, Wales, Wayt, Wayts, Waylt
Wakefield, Waikfield.Waklu'WI.Weaklield
Wakoly , Wakelee, Wakclev, Wakley
Wakeman, Wackman, Wakman
Walbri<igi-
r
WaWcn, WaUiim, W'alilin, Walding, Waldon
Waldo, Wahlow
Waldron, Waldran, Waldrrn, Waldroni, Warldrcn
Waldrop, Waldrip, Waldroop, Waldropp, IrValdrup
Wales, Wail. \V3ili\ Wailos.AVa. Is. Wale
Walker, Waehor, Wacker, Waker, Warker, Wockor. Wockkcr
Wall, Wahl Wahle, Wallo, Walls, Wals, Walso, Waul, Wawl, Wawls
Wallac-o, Walire, Walls, Wallas, Walire, Wallico, Wallls
Wallen, Wallin, Wallinc Wallon, Wain
Wallor, Wallar, Wallauiih, Wallaw, Wallers, Walller
Walmslpy, Walmstjev, Walmslie, Wamsley, Warmsley, Womley, Wormlcy
Walradt, Wolradt, Wolrodl
Walter, Walller, Walltprs, Walters, Waltor, Waltour
Walthall, Walthal, Walthel
Walton, Walten ■,■■•••.•.■. ;^ — v:,-
Wanmaker, Wamamachcr, Wanamaker, Wanemaker, Wanimakcr, W annemacber, waniHy
maker, W inamaker
Wansor, Wan.sor, Wantzor, Waiuor
Ward, Wards ■
Warden, Wardin, Warding
Wardwell, Wardell, Wardwel, Wordel, Wordwell.. ......j...... ......
Ware, Waores, Wair, Wares, Wear, Weare, Wears, Wecir, Weer, Weere, Weir, Weln. Wler,
Wirre, WIers
Warner, Womcr, Wornor v.: •!_:;■"" v.; m; v.; 'IL'
Warren, Waren, Warin, Waring, Warran, Wamn, Warrins, Wanon, Wonen, \\on1n
Warriiur, Warrener ■■•■• — •••-;/
Warthen, Warthin, Warthinf;, Wathan, W allien, \V otham
Warwick, Warkk, Warri( k. Worriek :.vv: v,:\:l «:■ ;.L."
WashlMirn, Wasbuni. Washhane, Washbcm. Washbon, Washbom, \\ ashbome, Washboun,
Wa:ilil>oiirn, Waslitmn, Washbumc
Washington
Wason, Wasen, Wasson, Wauson, Wawson
Waterliury , Waterberry
Waterhou'se. Wateroiis
Wale™wioTe"r^!wa7,eS',wrr'?Vaitar,WaV.irW^^^^^^
Watkins, Wadkins. Walkens, Watkln, Wodklns
Watnis, Watroiis ;.Vv.'"." v;;':
Watson, Watsen, Watston, Wattson, Wattsons, Whatson, Wotson
Wattles. Wattle
Watts, Wats, Watt, Wattes, Wots, Wott
Waiigh. Wash. Wah, Waw
Way, Ways, Wey
Wavman, Weyman
Wayne. Waen, Wain. Waine, Wane
Weaklev. Weacklev. Weakly, Weekly
Weatherford. Wettierford v ■;.%••.•,•• Vii-'.U'.Vi;,'
Weatherly. Weatherlev, Weathcisley, Weathcrsly, W etherly
Weathers. Wether, Wethers -- ■■ ;,vv.:.;™
Weaver. Weaver. Weavour,Wecver,Wevar,Wevcr,Wheever
Webb. Web. Webbs
Webber. Webbers, Weber, Webor 1"'."!!'.!!!!!!!!!
Wee.l. Wead. Weeds. Weiad -.ir-'ji""' a;iLj».."Wii.«nn
Wee.l.n. Weadon. Weaton. Wedon. Wedons. Weeding, Weedon, Weeton
Weeks, Woak.>s, Weaks, Week. Weekes, Weik, \N elks
Weidner. Widener, WIdner. Widnor, Wydner
Weiss, Weis, Weise
6.5
30
S.«
A3
S.8
18
«.o
S«
6.»
31
7.1
22
4.8
22
5.7
4a
6.7
21
6.7
24
5.1
22
6.4
49
4.9
28
5.7
14«
5.5
25
5.8
2B
0.2
6.5
A.1
5.8
5.6
6.2
6.3
5.4
5.8
6.0
5.6
6.0
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.6
6.2
6.1
6.0
7.3
6.4
5.5
5.2
5.6
5.5
5.1
5.4
7.1
5.6
4.7
6.1
4.8
6.0
S.5
6.3
5.2
5.5
5.7
5.6
6.0
6.3
5.5
5.9
4.9
5.9
4.9
6.4
6.3
5.4
5.0
4.5
5.8
6.7
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.6
6.4
7.2
5.8
4.6
4.6
5.7
6.7
5.7
M
5.5
5.7
55
5.2
6.3
56
57
55
36
46
M
180
45
188
27
222
230
74
19
40
22
la
38
77
19
68
1,014
162
453
34
69
28
22
228
33
156
24
18
60«
219
483
511
24
34
25
187
23
41
44
90
310
86
281
152
134
S3
230
90
112
90
217
109
684
113
124
291 I
2»t
279
166
212
306
773
197
896
136
1,032
1,155 1
344
92 .
124 |l.
244 I.
195 'I
388
120 1.
369 !.
1,602 :
677 :
2,045 I
163 '.
284 '.
US H.
135 I,
1,013
121
795
HKADS or runuu.
91
90 ....
3.134 J 17
IM 'L...
162 6
975
2,246
2.338 ! 42
121
179
112
916
89
202
172
.111
5«2
2,720!:
IS
103 '1.
204
910 :|
4.'.
301 11
lir.'
4(.l |l.
2*
l.TO\
«
l.\1
14
87
19
92
22
80
C«
10
IS
2 I
22 111 I 12
5 20 I....
48
II 3
8 I....
8 I 10
15
8 38 I 1
28 182 20
17 ,121 !
8 7
,...1 9
M ' 19
2 23
31
56
13
14 S
13 U
>l >
6 I 1
4 I 1
26 133 I IS
31 6 1 S
.... 6 I....
?l::::rT
3
6
4
37
14 21
3 I 1
6 4
1 k
10
3 ..
... 2 6
46 157 , 73
6 31 IS
30 104 30
2 7 2
4 12 7
2 I 9 I 8
22 I
II ,125 24
! 1 . 3
no I6S
,28 39
27 79
..... 2
17 i 19
4 3
25 IS
.13 ....
36 , II
60 ,147
7 *
59
24 102 21 l!a
20 ,125
2 20
6
3
19
...|...
...|...
43
10 I 7
11 41
2 47
IS 46
6 II
3 S
8 40
9 34 19 15 13
M 71 IS 4 10
45 , IS , 29 51 , S8
26
3 2
37
3 10
15 .
5
23 ' S
40 n
13 II
30 I 8.«
6 I..
22 40
I S
34 18
' I ♦
a 14
. . ' r.
r.-, .1.1
89 18
3 8
iiia»
1
9
^i
4
5
13
I
U
,892
1 3 4
? ■ 4 '. ..
H IH 11
19
30
9 3
1 8,n «
1 1 a .... s
1
268
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 111.— NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, BY STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
Welch, Welsh
Wcldon, Wplden, Welding
Wellor, Willar
Wells, Well, Welles .".'.'^' .".'.'.'.'.' .'.'.'.'.'!
Welman, Wellman
WeltoD
Wendell, Wendall, Wende'l, Wendie,' Wendoli.'windali; WlndclV, Windic
Wentworth, Wintworth
Wontz, Went, Wents "" "
Werner, Wernier, Wernar, Wemor
Wesson, Wessen
West, Wests .'.'.'.'.".'.'
Westbrook, Westbroke, Westbrooke.
Westfalf W-estfal"'' '"''''^°'' ^^«scots, Wescott.WeMui; Wracutt,' WratcVot, WeiteotV Wosteitt
Weston , We.stem
^^Withe'fbee^\?itS™' ^'^*^^^^
Wetmorc '.'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Wetzel, Wetzpll, Whetzej,' WhitzcV WiVeVeii," Witzcf," WitzelV
Weymouth, Wamoth, Wavmoth, Waymouth
'wl%ie^;'\,;^a)v r«- ^M?: WhJ;:;;^'t^hr^"''' W^^^ey, Weyiy,- Whailey; Whaiy; Wbeiie^
Wharton, Whartc.'i, Whortijn, Whorto'n
Wheat
Whcatley, Wheadv, Wheetiv' Whetely
Wheaton, Wheeton, Wheton"
wh«:|:;ck! wM^w! whliio!^!''''''^''''^^' ''^^^^^^ ^"^^ whei^ wMor:; v;;; ; ;:::::
Whiohcr, Whicharre, Whicker, Whitcher
WhidlM'p, Whidliv, Whitby, Whiteby.
Whidd'-n, Uhiddon.
Whipple, Whiple, Whippies.'Whippii.';
n nittekar, Uhittiker, Whittikar. Whittiker, W tacer, Witaker Wittaker -^wu,
^V teo'me' W'^^'*"™", WhiU^om, Whil^um, Whltoumb, W&mrwmtecombe; VVitcom
White, Whight, Whitra, Whyte
Whitehead, Whitphad...
Whitehouso, Whithoii.;, Whjthous'e,' Withouse.' ".
Whltehurst, Whithurst. . .
JXu!'?''.''''' ^^''i''-^''*'*' WhitesYd, Whitesidesl
« hltfield, Wl .cefield
Whitford, Whlteford
Whitiev ' W hit'i''""^' ^''^'•«'°eVWhitin^; Witing.'; \l\"\\\\[[\.'.'.][\['.[]\[[[[\'.[\\
S?i!i°''^"\\^7'''^''°'^''>Whitlocke;WhftYocks.''. ".'.".■
WiSn !.^!*°'";..^^''^''"°°' Whitmon, Whiimond;-- Wightaan;-Witem^V-Wita4i;-
Whitniarsh, Whjtemarsh, Whi'tm'ash,' WitmarshVwitmiish ".
WurSre '"*'°""'''' ^ '"^^'' '*^"'"'"' Whittemore, WwVttaore; Whitta6fe; WitmoreV
Whitney, Whitny, Wit^nev
ww""r: whi!;:";!;; V^^^^T' ^«'°''^'^'«°g; whitti„^,whittoi;-whitt,im:: : : : :
S'kI.^Ii'""'"";,)^,'",'" '"K'""' Whitington, WhittentonV.'.'.'." ..'.
Whlttlesev, Whiilesev, Whittelsey, Whittlesery.
Whitwortli Whctworth, Whitcworth, Whittworth
W icker, Wicher
AVickham, Wlckam, Vvicomb
Wicks, Wick, Wickes.
wl!;2i" «^;c" wte'- wigsoii; wiggei^wiigin; wiScin; wig^ns; wigins; wi^ons! ; ; ; : • ■
WiKht, Wicht .'
wlill^rn \vm r*;; Yj'f,'"'^' Wilber;wil"b™r; Wilbur,' Wiibum.V;."
« illiurn, W ill.on, \y ill.orne, Wilbourn, Wilbum. . ....
kf. wiik-ook, wi"iicdcks,'wiiico.V.v.\\';^\' ;.■;.■; ;;;;;;
.;^ii^:;;'^lisr'^^'^"'^"'^™^^^
Wiili^^';hv;Will^;x^;i;'7\;^';;i'^^=^ih>-^-Wiely,Wighiey;wneo;Wi^^
;ilhelm,WeiIhil,,i,VViIkelm, Will!,,:|m,'Willholm.V
Wilco.x, W
Wild. Wil'.', Wil.N, Wile, Wiles
Wilder, VViMiiir, Wildur, Wil.lde'
Wileman, Wildciium, Wil.pTman
Wilev. Weill
n
w!!wI.^„U"w-'m""'' »,',',K,t'l"i.Will!)elm,'Willhoim.
w tf "A,;n,^ '"'''^;?'';, ^^ 'Ik'-'on. Wilkison, Wilkson.
Wl key, Wilkaw, Wilkee, Wilkie, Wilky
Wl kins, Wilken, Wilkens, Wilkin, WilkinKs'Wi'llkinV
Wilkinson, Wilkenson, Willkinson *'°*^^' ""'"^ns
Wilks, Wilkes, Willkes, Willks
Jj:!"''"''';";",''-'!. Milliard. Willyard.wilVafdV.V.'.".'""
Wulef: wI!1:';T' ^^Jr-^^'^l^tlnV^ W'))?'^. Wmers, W„,or;
Williams,
Williamson
Willifortl, Welf(
Willii
Will
Will
Wil"rWill! WMle"''''' ■*^"'''"t'h*y.' Wliiowbe," WiiiowbyV.V
Wilm'an, Williman; Wiliiman.^,' wVltaan; WiVlmon
WUmarth, Willmarth, Wilmoth, Wilmoutli ...;
, wiiutts, wiiVt'.:
ill.rf, Willrt^ Willett, Wllletis, Willir't, Willist'wiiiit'wiVli'fVwi
Wiliiiins. W ,ll;iii,<. Willi,,,,,, Willianie, Wi||i,.n,.i ' ""*' "'
-^^^T^:^^^^^:;^<^i^^^z^
imstc^;'^?SS": wiiies, wiiiise,- wiihss; Wyies, w^iis; Wyiiii; Wyi„:s;:; ; ;::;::;;:::;::
GENERAL TABLES. orq
Table 111. -NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS HYST^TFS
AND TERRITOKIFS. AT TME FIRST CENSUS: ITSO-ionUnued. '
I
Wllmot, Wlllmot. Wilmott, Wilraut.
Wilsoy. Willscp, Wllso, Wlltscv, Wlltslo
wi!''"'''\vMi'''"''' WVIm'"'''' ^X'llH'"''' Wclshcr/wilshlrc, Wliuiirr: Wlltihlr.'
\Viu""\vVlt wm'Avilu"' ^^""***"'' W'lson. Wllkton, Wilson, Wllsin
Willi holy. Wim Ijellv, Wimiicrlc, wim'bcrlev,' 'wYmi)erlv ' '
JJ Inicr, Wclmir Wi.mcr, Woramcr, Wlmlrc, WUnmcr/Wlmor/WjVii'orVwymoV, wi-i^ore"'''
\\ immts, \Mrmnt, \\ ynuiit. Wynanls... ;...<.., ...uiuii
Wincliol, Wlni lial, Winehall. Wlnchell, winche'ls, Wlnsheil
Wliichcator. Wiiuhcsl, Winchlster, WinshcsttT
Winder, W indcrs " ' '
\\'hu'S, Wine, WjTies
Winlk'M. WingllelU '..'..'.'."]'."[[[]"'.['"
WliiK. WInKS '.'.'.'.'.'.".
Wink'iilc, Wcntalf, WinRst, Wingatt,'Wiiii:i>trWinEit. .,
Wint'cr, WlnoLiir, Winogor, Wingar, Wingars, Wiancgar
Winlilcr. Wimkl.T, Winklar. ...:... .......
Winn. Win. Winno, Wins. Winse, Wynn, Wynne, Wyiins! Wyiis'
Winship, WIndship, Winshop '....
Winslow '.'.'.'.','.'."."
Winsor - •-
WinsleaU, Wcmstead
Win.ston, Winson, Wlnstone
Winter, Winters, Wintor, Wintr
Wire. Wver, Wycrs
Wiriik, Weirleh. Weriok. Whirick. WIreck. Wirlch, Wyrlch, Wyrick
Wirt, Wort. Worts, Wortz, Wirts, Wlrtz, Wurti
W i.sc, Wiose
Wis-I, Wosol, Wossol, Wessclis, Wcsscls, Wissei
W is<*inan. Weis-^man
Wl-sor, Weosor, Wolsrr, Welsser, Wiescr,
AVisner, Wisoner, Wissner
Wi.'i.^Ior, Whislor, Whistler
Wi.st4'r, Wi.star, Wisters
WIswall, Wiswell
Witl.i'ck, Will>a.k, Witl>e<h. Witbeck
Witliani. Wliithain, Withuiii
Witlionll, Wealhorall, Woatherals, Wctherall, WbcthcrcU, Wltbeml, WItberpI, WlUirrlU.
Withrell
Wiltiors, Wither, Witherias !!..!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.'!!!!!!
Wiiliorspoon, Watherspoon, Weatherspoon, Wcthcrspoon, Wctbcrspoonc, Witbcnpoono,
Wot iiorspuon
Wilhingtun. Wiihcrington, Witherinton, WIthlnton, Wlthrington. ...!!. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!'.!!!!
WItmor. W hitmer, Whltiniro. Whltmvor, Witmovor, WItmycr
Witt, Wit, Wlto, W'itto, Witts. Wiitse, Wlltz, W'ltz
Wolcott, Waloot, Wakott, Wal( utt. Walkoutt, W'alket, Wallcott, Wolcot, Wolcutt, Wolkel,
Wolkot. Wolicott, Woolcot, Wooloott, Wooiciit
Wolt, Wholt. WoUe. WollT, Wolph, Woolt. WooKe
Wornack. Wamaik, WammcK k, Wamock, Womac, Womach, Womraaek. Woinmooh, Wormark
\\'oml^wrlI, Wamljle, Womble ,
WoihI. Woodo, Woods .,
\\' ooclall , W ooilal, AN'oodale, Woodol .'
Wo<>.ll.ridj:o. Woodbridg, Woodbrlgo, Woodrcdgo, Woodrldgc
Woodbtir\*, Wo(Mil)orry, Wi>odi>ory, Woo*Jbrey
Woodcuc-k, Woodooalk. Woodeok
Wooden, Woodden, Wo4j<Jliain, Woodin, Wooding
Woodford
Wooiilioiise
Woodluill, Woodhul ,
Wor>dman
Woodrult, Woo<lro(T, Woodroof, Woodrop, Woodrough, Woodruf ,
\\'oodsido, Wodside, Woodsidos
Woodson, Wooderson, W'oo<lsom, Woodstim
Woodward, Wodword, Woodard, Woodards, Woodart, Wooddart, Wooden], WoodJanI, Wood-
won 1
Wood V, Woodd V, Woodoy
WiiolaVd, Wollard, Wollerd, Woolart, Woollard. Woorlard
Wooltord, Wolfard, Wolfart, VVolfaurd, WoUcrd, Woltort, Woltord, Wolfort, WooUard, Wool-
fert, Woolfort
Woolloy, Wooliley, Wooley, WooUy
Woolscv, Woollsev
Woolworth, Walhvorth, Walsworth, Walworth, Wolworlh
Wooster, Woorster, Woroostor, Worstrr, Worstors, Woster
Woolon, Wootan, Wooten, Wootin, Wootten, Wootlon
Word, Word, Wooard. Words
Wordon, Woordon, Wordin, Wording, Wordon
Wonil, Warrell, Whorrol, Worrnl, Worrel, Worrell
W.irriold, Warefield, Wartelld, Warficld, Whariield
Work , Woork, W'orks
Workman
Worley, Worldly, Worly
Wormwood, Warmwood
W orshain , Warshani, Wasbam
Worlh, Wlrth
Won lien, Worthin, Worthing
Worlhington, Worthlnton, Wotblngton
Wren, Ken, Renn, Wrenn ■••
Wrlirht, Right, Rights, Rite, Kites, Wrights, Write, Writfj
Wvalt, Wlart. Wlat, Wiatt, WIet, Wlott, W^art, Wyat. W.valt», Wyel^ W yelt
Wykoir, Wlckoll, Wiokode, Wlkoff, WychofI, Wyckoff, Wycod, WycoBc
Wvrnan, Wliiian, Wvnion
Wynkoop, Wlnccooti, WInekoop, Wlnkoop
Wynner, Wlnar, Wlnnob, Winner
6.0
5.0
S.2
S.7
0.0
&.0
S.5
5.7
G.1
5.0
5.7
5.2
6.0
S.C
5.3
5.8
6.5
6.7
5.5
5.8
0.1
6.1
5.0
5.8
4.8
6.8
5.0
6.8
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.3
4.7
5.3
CO
CI
r.. I
6.7
6.0
6.1
6.0
.■> !
241
100 I
43 179
40 189
108
179
282
487 i
2'l» 1,11.5
35 179
l-l-.i
41
,'.1
v:
2(1
54 Hit
399 1,907 I
1 '*
1 1 2
"I-
|l 25
,1
||-3-
3
1
2
3
17 ....
40 i...
a
"i
7
1
3
30
2 3
2
10
2
17 ....
1
1
1
8 ....
63
7
'Jl
13
2
24
30
27
4C
34
2.'.
01'.
57
19
07
07
k;
61
i:
4»
19
ar.
»
,13.'.
«l
90
146
il
1
70
14 1 38
30
7
4''
»
10
1
6
1
270 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Tablk 1 1 1 .-NOMENCLATURE, DEALING WITH NAMES REPRESENTED BY AT LEAST 100 WHITE PERSONS, li Y STATES
AND TERRITORIES, AT THE FIRST CENSUS: 1790— Continued.
1
1
>
<
TOTAL.
HEADS OF FAMIUES.
' NAME.
i
o
R
2
s
s
s
o
<
i
5
a
i
i
w
1
i
a
'6
1
1
3
§
a
o
QJ
26
5
§
>
f
g
3
i
1
a
.2
a
>
H
O
O
a
1
3
O
CO
S.1
5.4
7.2
5.6
5.8
6.1
5.6
6.S
5.9
4.9
5.3
5.5
6.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
6.9
6.3
5.7
7.5
41
39
20
137
43
32
46
17
33
37
25
109
44
1,022
25
19
20
55
65
16
167
172
124
634
205
164
211
99
156
146
108
494
252
4,825
121
91
118
294
303
104
4
31
2
35
8
15
2
32
1
1
17
25
23
25
4
29
236
2
2
21
24
3
3
6
34
7
5
1
24
1
2
3
2
6
19
1
3
fi
7
Yocom', Yeocom, Yeokim, Yoakam, Yoakum, Yocam, Yocham, Yochum, Yocum, Yokem,
14
26
22
2
10
10
2
165
1
6
7
82
2
54
22
2
89
4
3
10
.1
Yost/'iTiost, Yoast, Yobst, Yoest, Youst
69
72
10
89
39
40
77
18
3
1
4
1
5
6
3
9
41
44
13
Zieglor Zoegler Zeggler Zegler Zeiqer, Zeigler, Zigler
7
1
10
I
GENERAL TABLES. .,11
...... , ,..-wh™ pop,.,.™.. "---^^r;?\S^iS?^^i;" - --- »v .,M..„P e.;„.
MAINE.
The state
Cumberland. ..
Hancock
Lincoln
Washinjitiin
York
The stat4?
Cheshire
Grafton
Hillsborough. ..
Rockinghuni. . .
StralTord
Duloli.
Knuich.
141,112
132, 72«
28,li<Ki
13, 419
32,707
42,795
23,S26
27,329
12,830
29,917
40,42U
22,224
NEW HAMPSIIIHE.
r., MS
1,115
4711
2.3>«
l,l»7
1,002
37
390
209
llel>nw. j .Ml oibar.
279 I
S3
6
151
4:,
31
27
12
32 '
3M
24
S
7
DO
1
IS3
ml
02
20
32
10
ftl
18
21
21
113
12
n
38
S
97
111
VEKMOXT.
The state
Addison
Bennini^toii
Chittenden
Orange
Rutland
Windham
Windsor
85,072
«,383
12,173
7,264
10,485
15,558
17,614
15,095
81,149
6,035
11,466
6,824
9,905
14,911
16,858
15,150
2,562
170 ,
398
292
441
411
499
351
597 I
~70"|
no
52
99
120
75 ■
71
428 1
53
163
62
20
48
64
18
153 '
10
«
13
23
58 !
148
18
1
23
7
M
15
47
MASSACHUSETTS.
The state.
Barnstable..
Berkshire...
Bristol
Dukes
ES.SC.X
Hampshire..
Middlesex...
Nantucket. .
IMvmouth...
.^iitlolk
Worcester. . .
■370,264
16,970
29,940
30,966 :
3,230
57,007
■56,282
42, 177 I
4,521
29.ni:t
4.3, 8(1.-!
.ii;. :ri."i
351,688
16, 187
28,514
29,522
2,900
53,915 '
53,208 j
40,340 '
4,426 I
27.394
42,0r.2
.i:!. 170
13,375 I
159
845
9.32
51
2, 143
2,437
1,500
62
1,053
KSfifl 1
2,827
a. 7m!
-■71
273
753
504
213
33
.336 '
2.53 <
3I»
428 1
9 I
203 I
IM
1
20
TOO
14
30
235
6
130
3
t
120
1
35
113
II
1
It
71
:i8
IS
4
10
RHODE ISLAND.
The slate.
Bristol
Iveni
Newport
I'ro\idence
AVasbingtou
64.670 ;
3,013 I
8,439
1.3, 174
23,518
16,526 I
(12,079
2,777
8,027
I2,5(.7
22,409
16,239
459
43 I
146
144 '
87 {
31
.1
CONNECTICUT.
The state.
Falrlii-ld...
Hartford..
Litclilleld..
Middlesex.
New TTaven..
New London..
Ti.llnnd
Windham
232.236
35. 173
37.498
38.119 ;
18,492
29,882
3I.G03
1.3,111
28,350
223,437
34,116 .
38,239 I
36.453
17,763 ,
28.501
30,593
12.i>50
27,032 i
6,425
1,588 {
258 :
513
676
lfi2
234
325
97
381 1
142 '
50 .
41
21
122
26
22
16
173
42
45
32
101
55
9V.
1,174
574
780
799
411
I,0i5
4
108
10
61
1
■ Exclusive 0(2,923 persons for whom no (l*(a an tTnlUhle.
272
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 112.-WniTE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED ACCORDIXG TO NATIONALITY AS INDICATED BY NAMES OP HEADS
OF FAMILIES, BY COUNTIES: 1790— Continued.
NEW YORK.
COtJNTY.
All nation-
alities.
English and
Welsli.
Scotch.
Irish.
Dutch.
French.
German. .
Hebrew.
All other.
The state
314,366
245,901
10,034
2,525
50,600
2,424
1,103
385
1,394
Albanv
72,087
1,583
25,811
42,981
3,021
28,223
29,619
1,058
17,315
12,886
2,945
14, 310
26,295
14,028
22,204
54,925
1,354
20, 183
32, 996
1,531
22,052
24,340
948
13,754
10,908
2,075
12, 915
16,222
11,966
19,712
2,518
66
621
624
U3
1,100
1,445
64
395
171
38
231
1,412
1,140
286
644
43
143
458
20
96
244
10
102
88
11
182
191
213
71
13,663
33
4,710
7,3E3
1,380
4.630
2,846
27
2,831
1,502
5S2
844
7, 902
5L8
1,709
193
04
118
577
07
03
425
92
14
102
405
152
9
26
Cliuton ^
8
2
406
142
88
140
i06
125
3
J:: ^ _
119
22
157
74
304
12
229
16
98
Queens
iio
25
79
40
09
44
6
24
134
50
r.i
55
131
PENNSYLVANIA.
423,373 :
349, 656
49.567
2,341
Allet-'heny..
Bedford....
Berks
Bucks
Chester
Cumberland.
Dauphin
Delaware
Fayette
Franklin
IIuntinfTrton.
Lancaster
Luzerne
Mifflin
Montgomery
Northampton
Northumberland.
Philadelphia...
Washington
Westmoreland.
York
10,0.32 [
13,052 1
29, 928
24,374
27, 141
17,779
17,880
9,133
12,990
15.057
7.491
35, 192
4,868
7,461
22,305
24,086
16,971
51.916
23, 617
15,852 1
36, 1S2
6,621
9, 954
C,983
17,515
20,905
10,576
10,491
7,544
9,317
9,992
5,522
18,092
4,088
4,856
14,677
11,295
9,504
29, 897
16, 103
9,301
16,423
2,501
1,064
319
1,821
3,040
4,676
1,480
1,034
2,110
3,178
1,494
2,950
208
2,044
7(;0
648
2,431
4,560
5,278
3,559
3,841
418
191
113
475
707
534
222
155
592
491
130
339
91
289
197
106
467
1,331
650
610
458
11
20
10
544
38
21
114
45
15
71
179
285
003
169
190
70
02
99
15
24
32
153
200
131
100
32
99
55
12
290
21
127
29
080
117
71
61
110,357
194
454
1,784
6
15
0
22,435
3,866
1,645
1,939
3.
5,571
347
768
1,296
312
13.449
1
221
216
6. 284
ts
11,2.10
.-,7
4,371
15.232
25
1.374
13
2,243
15,310
MARYLAND.
1191,627
161,011
12,441
4,550
254
1,336
11,246
599
190
11.664
IS, 963
11,926
7,028
10,065
10,124
10. 010
26,937
10, 784
6.748
11.679
10.004
8,171
8.216
7.231
14.472
7.626
10,916
10, 376
9,871
6,286
7,916
8,980
9.588
19.626
9.024
5.946
10, 156
8,781
7,403
7.682
6,529
9.118
6,917
571
1,096
803
3S3
1,705
744
234
1.337
1.253
4.';3
783
719
379
392
400
0,'l
422
160
464
273
270
271
296
128
468
369
143
481
297
230
126
170
200
154
18
63
183
05
82
85
50
2C6
41
13
33
101
103
9
6
627
444
49
67
12
4
Baltimore . .
44
25
180
203
5
10
111
33
Caroline
Cecil .
9
Charles
7
7
15
28
66
3
107
Fredericl;
6,137
69
128
226
46
20
2
59
4,356
8
23
Harford . - .
Kent
9
Prince Georges
Queen Anns
30
5
7
28
6
St. Marys
Talbot
Washineton
59
110
10
Worcester
9
VIRGINIA.!
The state
128,112
108,859
9.114
2,591
9A7
773
6,277
2."1
1
Albemarle
4.341
3.941
4.530
3.790
4,886
2.415
2,489
3,687
1,985
4,786
3,665
3,448
3.813
3,449
4,276
2,145
2.260
3,177
1,810
4,126
464
319
484
228
440
185
119
369
103
483
104
92
125
64
65
31
12
99
63
100
93
25
40
2
59
13
80
14
15
41
68
Amelia
3
13
Amherst
Charlotte
Cheslerfleid
45
23
Cumberland
LS
Essex
28
Fairfax
20
8
Fluvanna
9
Frederick
7
16
34
20
1 Exclusive of 17,022 persons for whom no data arc available
s State enumerations of 17S2 and 17S3. Data incomplete.
GENERAL TABLES. 273
Tab,,e 112.-WHITE POPULATION, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NATIONALITY AS INDICATED HY NAMKs uv HEADS
OF I'AMILIES, BY COUNTIES: 1700-Continued.
VIRGINIA >— Conllmi.-l
Pulch. Fmnch. Oarmui. Ilebraw. | All oUwr.
filoiicester
finwnsville
Il.ihfax
Il.-itupshirc
IIJIIUVLT
Harrison
Is.pof Wight
Lancaster
Mi'fklenliurg
Middlesex
Monongalia
Nansc.niond
New Kent
Norfolk
Northumberland
Orango
I'ittsylvania
I'owhalan
Priiire Kdward
Princess Anne
Richmond
Rockingham
Shenandoah
StalTord
Surry
Sussex
Warwick
Williamsburg, city of
13
10
II
■Jt
10
4,11 I
71
« I.
NORTH CAROLINA.
The state
>2C6,334
220,566
39,829
0,206
405
751
7,422 1 1
Edenton district
33,568
2t),113
.■.7,9.55
21,973
.TO.fiS?
;«,(*o
58,425
15,814
30.472
19.I/J9
34..'.7.S
19.7.';i
24. 405
34.009
43,751
13.901
2,371
7,4tS
2,081
1,631
3,5CO
3.22.')
K.lia
i.,m
627
K17
947
SS
731
1,146
1,277
434
63
28
48
25
47
73
118
3
34
34
227
7
31
199
151
68
90 ....
65 ...
l.KM
4,!>" 1
Favelle district
Ncwlx'rn district
Sal isbury d istrict
I!
SOUTH CAROLINA.
The state
Beaufort district
Camden district
Charleston <listrict...
Chcraw district
^ieorgetown di.strict..
Ninely-si.x district. ..
Orangehurgh district
140,178
4.364
29.242
l.".,402
7,418
8.878
62,4«12
12,413
115,480
3,793
23,S.i3
12, .W4
6.313
7,Ki2
52.890
9,r-o
I State enumerations o( 1782 and 1783. Data Incomplete.
16.447
.328
4.r.l7
l..V.>3
.'.75
1.2X2
7.4ii8
7.-'>
3,576
120
700
478
2<jO
127
1,419
413
10
67
15
121
62
817
30
161
.-|l'.5
in
2.a
3
88
4.-
244
I,MJ6
15
> Excliis!\-e of 23.847 penom for whom no data an •vmllabla.
10
10
,«i
17
12
7
I
274 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 113 -NUMBER OF WHITE FAMILIES, SLAVEHOLDING AND NONSLAVEHOLDING, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING
TO nItIONALITY as INDICATED BY NA^E OF HEAD, TOGETHER WITH THE NUMBEROF WHITE PERSONS AND
OF SLAVES REPORTED FOR SUCH FAMILIES, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES: 1790.
MAINE.
1
All nalionaUties .
English and Welsh.
Scotch
Irish
Dutch
French . . .
German..
Hebrew . .
All other.
■WHITE FAMIUES.
WHITE PEBSONS.
SLAVES.
NATIONAUTY.
Total
number.
Slave-
holding.
Nonslave-
holding.
Per cent
slavehold-
ing families
form of
all families.
Total
number.
Average
number per
family.
Total
number.
Average
number per
slavehold-
ing family.
Number
per 100 of
all families.
\11 nationalities
16,972
16,972
96,107
5.7
English and Welsh
Scotch
15,807
721
240
49
23
83
10
39
15,807
721
240
49
23
83
10
39
89,515
4,154
1,334
279
115
436
44
230
5.7
6.8
5.6
5.7
5.0
5.3
4.4
5.9
i
Irish
Dutch
French
German
Hebrew
All other
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
AH nationalities
23,982
123 ! 23,859 [;
0.5
141,112
5.9
157
1.3
1
22,574
1,107
234
28
23
118
5
22,456 \l
0.5
0.6
132,726
6,648
1,346
153
142
5.9
6.0
5.8
5.5
6.2
152
5
1.3
1.0
1
Scotch
Irish
1,102
234
28
23
1
('1
Dutch
16
16
97
6.1
VERMONT.
14,969
14,969
85,072
5.7
14,282
441
105
76
29
5
14,282
441
105
76
29
5
81,149
2,562
697
428
153
35
148
6.7
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.3
7.0
4.8
MASSACHUSETTS.
All nationalities -
English and Welsh.
Scotch
Irish
Dutch
French . . .
German..
Hebrew . .
Another.
65,149
61,846
2,392
661
78
118
11
12
31
65,149
61,846
2,392
601
78
lis
11
12
31
2 370,264
351,698
13,375
3,793
428
700
53
49
168
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.5
5.9
4.8
4.1
5.4
RHODE ISLAND.
CONNECTICUT.
All nationalities
10,854
461
10,393
4.2
64,670
G.O
958
2.1
9
Enjilish and Welsh
10,401 1
339 t
79 ;
5 I
19 ;
?!
437
16
6
9,964
323
73
5
17
9
1
1
4.2
4.7
7.6
62,079
1,976
459
19
88
33
9
7
6.0
6.8
5.8
3.8
4.6
3.7
9.0
7.0
910
25
20
2.1
1.6
3.3
9
Scotch
4
Irish
25
2
10.6
3
1.6
16
All other
All nationalities.
40, 457
1,557
38,900
3.8
232,236
.5.7
2,042
1.7
7
38.844
1,178
288
49
95
1
1
1
1,488
47
13
1
7
37,356
1,131
275
48
88
1
3.8
4.0
4.5
2.0
7.4
223,437
6, 425
1,.589
258
512
4
5
6
5.8
6.5
.5.4
5.3
5.4
4.0
5.0
6.0
2,543
67
18
5
8
1.7
1.4
1.4
5.0
1.1
7
Scotch
C
Irish
6
10
8
German
1
100.0
1
1.0
100
All other
1
• Less than 1 per hundred.
= Exclusive of 2,923 persons for whom no data are available.
GENERAL TABLES.
275
^'^TO n!tTonaS?? aTixSS BV ^';\f.^'f,^V!'^!"^ ''''' NONSLAVEUOLDINO. CLASS.KIEO ACCORDING
OP SLAVES ^.oi^^^'^ii^si^^ ^sT^^s^f^s;;j!;;^^^-?;s::^:r"'^«^°^^^^^
NEW YOItK.
NATIONALITY.
WBITE rAMIUE.1.
Total
number.
All nationalities '
L
Englisli and Welsh I
Scotcli
Irish
Dutch !!!!.'!!!!!!!!!!;!"
French
German '.'.'.'..'.'.'.'. '
Heljrew
Another
All nationalities .
EoKlish and Welsh
Scotch
Irish
Dutch
French
German
Ilelirew
All other
54,185
42,543
1,773
401
8,494
433
188
70
222
BbtTO-
holdlng.
7,787 I
4,883
154
28
2,537
102
36
10
37
NoniUve-
boIdlnK.
41.. :(■■-
37.(,'.:
I.OIU
433
.1,957
331
va
00
185
, Per c^nt
slavnhold- ''
Ini: families !
I' form of
WHITE ««.••■ IS-
Total
numU>r.
.Niiml.
Avrr»e.-
Total numlM'f pt-r
i.uml.T. I ilari-hal.l- /,";'",'"'
s 7
0.1
29.9
1
23.6
19.0
14.3
16.7
2. ■''.
SO. u'
2,424
1,103
1,394
•. 5
I..0
6.6
6.8
6.6
6.3
K3
8.357
286
130
19
106
PENNSYLVANIA.
.' <
2.3
3.0
13
2.8
3.6
1.9
2.9
28
19
18
27
48
1 73,322
1
' 1,&51
71.471
2.6
423.373
-.1
3,277
876
127
58
U
S48
3.0
S
4.3.020
8.5.i2
1,555
465
■ 377
19,307
3
1,123
428
59
29
' s
204
41,903
8.124
1,496
436
309
19,103
3
.37
2.0
5.0
3.8
6.2
2.1
Ll
249,050
49,5».7
8,«14
2,023
2,341
110,357
21
194
5.5
a2
?-.5ll
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.7
t
10
s
12
s
2
37
r, 2
1
1
MARYL.ANU.
All nationalities
Knelish and Welsh. ..
Scotch
Iri.sh
Dutch
French
(Jerrnan
Hebrew
All other
32,012
2fi,.W4
2.271
803
44
247
1.035
101
27
12.142 i
10.633 I
870
24(1
23 I
112
221
16
16
19.870
15.891 I
1.305
017
21
135
1,714
85
12
All nationalities
48,021
1 1
' 14,946 1
English and Welsh ... ...
39,920
5,369
1,172
70
144
1,314
1
31
12,421
1,704
397
22
90
240
Scotch t
Irish
Dutch ,
Geniiun... . ....
Aii other.
"
33.076
37.9 ; 1 191,027
40.1
38.6
28.5 I
52. 3 1
45.3
11.4
16.8
65.8
I'-.l.Oll
12.441
4.5.10
254
1.336
11,246 I
699 !
190.
VIlKilNI.V."
NORTH CAROLINA.
31.1
37.499
3.005
775
48
54
1,074
1
a)
SOUTH <-.VU<)H.N.V.
'305,334
31.1
33.9 I
33.9
31.4
62.6
18.3
220.500
29.JI39
U.20C
406
751
7,422
I
154
no
0.1 I
5 6
5,3
5.8
6.4
5.8
6.9
7.0
6.6
84.760
74,036
5.824
2,072
124
719
944
85
66
91,730
6.5 I
60
63
68
62 I
5.0 I
1.0 '
60!
T9,oae
8,468
3.297
001
6SA
7,.'
JM
6.6
266
8.4
340
6.4
283
6.4
391
4.3
40
6.3
M
4.3
341
6.4
4.8
6.8
a.2
6.7
2.S
Itl
168
196
101
417
43
All nationalities
25.553 f 8.798
16.754
34.4
140,178
20,884
3,107
627
41
405
446
14
28
7,043
1,072
213
13
2«8
170
6
13
13.841
3.085
414
28
137
376
8
16
33.7
34.6
34.0
31.7
66.2
38.1
42.9
46i4
115,480
16,447
3.570
219
1.882
2.343
86
146
5 ■
Scotcli
5.:i
Irish..
5.7
Dutcli
5.3
French
4.6
5.3 1
Hebrew
,. 1
Ail other
-
l.> >■
'
lis
^,
413
ll.i'v.
,. •
3!«
I.tt'l
9.3
313
291
22.4
710
4.937
ia4
1.219
1.101
6.6
247
13
8.7
n
:»
1X0
667
' Exclusive of 17,022 persons tor whom no data are available.
Schedules destroyed.
> Exclusive of 23,847 i^TMtM (ui u i.uiii no data are arallatale.
276
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROAVTH.
T^sLE 114 -NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON-
SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES,
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
FAMIUES.
SLAVES.
Total
num-
ber.
!
Slavcholding.
Nonslaveholding.
Per cent families of each
class form of all families.
Total
num-
ber.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.i
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
Slavcholding.
Nonslave-
holding.
Average
number
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Nimiber of
members.
White.
Free
col-
ored.!
Wliite.
Free
col-
ored.!
per slave-
holding
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
lamily.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
The state
24,065
123
123
760
6.2
23,942
23, 8,59
140,428
5.9
83
0.5
99.1
0.3
157
1.3
Cheshire coirnty
4,796
16
16
107
6.7
4,780
4,766
28,569
6.0
14
0.3
99.4
0.3
18
\.\
117
188
160
315
240
161
94
157
187
54
86
203
■ 208
42
72
138
64
60
132
123
190
46
221
188
123
37
79
102
88
195
97
51
299
189
2,463
117
188
159
316
238
160
94
157
1S7
54
84
203
206
42
72
138
64
69
131
123
190
45
221
188
122
37
79
192
88
193
97
51
298
188
2,460
117
188
158
315
238
160
93
166
187
54
84
201
206
42
71
138
64
59
130
122
190
45
221
187
122
37
79
191
87
193
97
51
297
187
2,446
705
1,111
1,099
1,901
1,398
976
533
895
1,038
298
508
1,227
1,286
242
412
786
319
327
767
721
1,022
202
1,380
1,136
694
219
448
1.149
537
1,238
545
267
1,988
1,196
13,315
6.0
5.9
7.0
6.0
6.9
6.1
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
6.0
6.1
6.3
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.0
5.5
5.9
5.9
5.4
4.5
6.2
6.1
5.7
5.9
5.7
6.0
6.2
6.4
5.6
5.2
6.7
6.4
5.4
100.0
100.0
98.8
100.0
99.2
99.4
98.9
99.4
100.0
100.0
97.7
99.0
98.6
100.0
98.6
100.0
100.0
98.3
98.5
99.2
100,0
97.8
100.0
99.5
99.2
100.0
100.0
99.5
98.9
99.0
100.0
100.0
99.3
98.9
99.3
1 1
1
3
3.0
1
0.6
0.6
1
1.0
Claremont
2
1
2
1
21
4
10.5
4.0
' "i'
1
0.8
0.6
"i.'i'
0.6
2
1
1.0
1.0
Hinsdale
2
2
12
6.0
"'"•i
1
2.3
"i.o"
0.6
4
2.0
Keene
2
2
15
7.5
1.0
2
1.0
1
1.4
New Grantham. . . . .
1
1
1
1
4
7
4.0
7.0
'"'i'
1
1.7
0.8
"o.'s'
0.8
1
1
1.0
1.0
Plainfield.. .
Protectworth..
1
1
7
7.0
2.2
1
1.0
Rindee
1
0.5
Stoddard
1
1
6
6.0
0.8
1
i.6
Sullivan
Swanzey
1
1
0.5
1.1
Unity
Walpole
2
2
13
6.5
1.0
2
1.0
Washinston
WendeU
Westmoreland
1
1
13
1
1
.13
7
8
107
7.6
8.0
8.2
1
1
4
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.2
1
1
21
1.0
Winchester
1 0
1.6
Alexandria
64
51
.86
01
23
54
50
84
60
23
54
.50
84
60
23
297
244
482
276
141
6.6
4.9
5.7
4.6
6.1
100.0
9,8.0
98.8
98.4
100.0
Bartlett
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
10
4
3.0
10.0
4.0
2.0
1.2
L6
1
1
1
Bath
1 0
1 0
Burton
Cambridge (not inhabited) . .
75
87
12
4
70
7
65
17
2
3
21
37
1
1
15
15.0
74
87
12
4
70
7
65
17
2
3
21
37
74
87
12
4
70
7
65
17
2
3
21
37
379
483
58
26
373
29
313
88
14
21
111
175
5.i
5.6
4.8
6.5
5.3
4.1
4.8
5.2
7.0
7.0
5.3
4.7
1.3
98.7
100.0
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0
100.0
100. 0
100.0
1
Canaan
Chatham
Cockburn
Cockermouth
Colburne
Concord (alias Guuthwaite)
Coventry
Dalton
Dame's Location
Dartmouth
Dorchester
Duminer (not inhabited)
Enfleld (alias Relham)
124
124
124
722
5.8
100.0
F.rrol (not inhabited)
Francoiiia
16
09
2
212
10
09
2
211
16
69
2
210
72
403
9
1,364
4.5
6.8
4.5
0.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.1
Grafton
Hale's Location
Hanover (including 152 stu-
dents at Dartmouth Col-
lege)
1
1
1
5
,^,.0
1
0.5
0.5
2
2.0
1 Includes families of Indians taxed.
GENERAL TABLES. 277
''''sll\^SS\fJ:ZS''^i^^^^^^^ AS SLAVEnOL..NG .SU NON-
BY COUNTIES AND MIXOR Cmulnm^^^^^^^
>fEW HAMPSHIREi-Contlnued.
COUKTY AND TOWX.
Total
num-
ber.
Grafton f-o'intv— Continued.
Hart's lyocation
Haverhill
Kilkenny (not Inhabited)...
I^-aneaster
LandafI
Lebanon .
Lincoln...
Littleton.
Lyman. ..
Lyme
Mlllfleld (not inhabited).
New Chosler
New Holderncss
Xorthumberland
Oran.qe
Orford
I'eellng (not Inhabited).
I'ercy
i*lerniont
Plymouth
Rumney
Senter's Location.
Phelbiime
Stark's Location...
Sterling's Location
Stratford
Success (not inhabited).
Thorn ion
3
101
'"27
55
225
S
19
43
175
8
72
131
71
3
6
70
Trecothif k (not Inhabited).
Wale- 's Location
\VaiTen
Wentworlh
Hillsborough county 5,330
.\mher;t. . .
-Vndover...
.\ntrtm ...
Bedford...
Boscawen .
Bradford
CampljcU's Gore.
Dearinc
DerryiH'ld
Derryficid Gore..
Dunbarton
Dunstable
Duxbury Milc-sMp.
Fishersficld
Franccstown
Goffstown
Hancock
Henikor
nillshorough.
Ilollis
nopkinton
KersarRo Gon^
Litchfic-ld
Lyndborouqh
LjTidborough Gore.
Mason
Mcrrimac
New Boston..
Now Ipswich.
New London
Nottiui^ham West.
Peterborough
Raby
3S4
111
97
I'll
17s
45
23
14S
58
4
134
115
27
60
173 ,
201 t
117
177
m
211'
26,'
IC
S7
219
8
145
135 :
177
176
.50
188
136
60
Num-
ber.
Slaveholdlng.
^Vhltc.
Nonslavi-linl.llrx'
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Aver-
Total. I a^ per
I family.
Free
col-
ored.!
2o|
Num-
ber.
12.5 1
Num-
ber of
(uni-
ties.
1
II
S.0
10.0 I
6.7
10.0
3
•jji-
K !
225 I
« I
19
43 i
175 I
!|
"so' '
62 I
16
21
90
130
71
3
6
6
2
25
70
1
35
43
6,330
3
99
"27
55
223
5
19
43
174
SO
62
16
21
90
'"s
69
130
71
3
6
6
2
25
Number of
m^mben.
Aver-
Total. I ate per
family.
Free
col-
oiBd.i
70
1
35
42
6.317
\2
622 ,
"'i«i'
202
1,172
22
9«
202
815 !
312 I
329
117 I
125 I
48
402
611
411
8
35
29
9
144
4.0
6.3 .
'e'o' ;
5.3 .
5.3 I
4.4 .
5.1 .
4.7 ,.
4.7
6.2
6.3
7.3
CO
Per cent families of each
clus form of all (unlUn.
SIsTeboldliiK. !
Nooslanv
holdlnf.
Free
White, col- White.
ored.i
Fres
ool-
BJlTBa.
Arrnrr
Total I.
num- 1'
ber. !
iarnny.
6.0
6.8
4.7
5.8
2.7
6.8
4.8
4.S
6.8
6
202
241
32.706
5.5
l.I I
4.2
0.8
6.0 i.
6.8 :.
6.7 .
6.2 13
384
3!>4
• 2,351
111
111
645
97
97
630
141
141
890
178
178
1,107
45
45
217
23
23
120
148
148
936
58
58
362
4
4
30
134
131
901
115
115
633
27
27
169
60
60
325
173
173
983
201
200
1,241
117
118
631
177
177
1,116
141
141
797
342
242
1,441
269
289
1,714
18
18
103
57
54
352
219
219
1.280
8
8
38
145
145
919
135
135
8C9
177
177
1.194
ITS
176
1,237
50
SO
311
188
is;
1,051
1.16
136
857
60
59
335
6.1
5.8
5.4
loao
98.0 1
'iod'o'i
loao I
99.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.4
lOO.O
100.0
100.0
S5.S
98.9
'i66.'6',.
95.8 |.
99.3 .
100.O,.
100.0 I.
100.0 .
100.0 .
100.0'.
laaoj.
xo
0.9
0.6
1.0
xo
1.0
4.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
loao
99.8
6.3 1 lOO.O
6.2
4.8
6.3
6 3
6.2
7.5
6.9
5.5
6.3
5.4
5.7
S.2
5.4
6.3
6.7
6.0
6.4
6 7
6.5
5.8
4.8
100."
lun "
101.0
100.0
100.0
loao
100.0
100 0
loao
97.8
loao
100 0
100 0
loao
99.5
99.1
loao
100.0
loao
loao
loao
»< 7
ini 0
lou 0
a.'.
0.V
53
6.3
601...
6.7 !-• u
7.0 1 1 IUIlO
6.2
5.6
6.3
4.7
loao
99.5
100.0
98.1
as
'i.'j
' Includes families of Indians taxed.
76292—09-
-19
278
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 114 —NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON-
SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHERWITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NLIIBER OF SLAVES,
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued.
NEW HAMPSHIRE— Continued.
FAMIUES.
SLAVES.
Total
num-
ber.
Slaveholding.
Nonslaveholding.
Per cent families of each
class f jrm of ail famities.
Total
num-
ber.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.!
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.!
Slaveholding.
Nonslave-
holding.
Average
number
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
White.
Free
col-
ored.!
per slave-
holding
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Hillsborough county— Cont'd.
215
45
57
90
116
148
286
159
7,398
215
45
67
90
116
148
286
159
7,322
215
45
57
90
114
148
286
168
7,275
1,360
260
329
520
741
863
1,924
1,088
42,419
6.3
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.5
5.8
6.7
6.9
5.8
■ 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.3
100.0
100.0
99.4
98.3
2
1.7
Wilton
1
47
0.6
0.6
76
76
438
5.8
1.0
97
1.3
Allenstown
46
79
94
156
167
160
340
82
278
299
58
223
131
287
20
105
121
154
91
75
146
167
422
166
94
89
194
99
99
114
124
178
131
155
147
91
78
893
128
152
207
105
132
73
113
102
4,078
128
420
98
314
225
14
31
441
180
98
46
79
94
155
167
159
340
82
274
297
58
218
131
286
20
103
120
153
91
74
146
167
417
164
94
80
193
98
99
114
123
171
131
153
147
94
77
872
128
150
206
105
132
73
142
99
4,060
127
420
98
308
222
44
30
440
ISO
93
46
79
94
154
167
159
340
82
273
297
68
218
131
273
20
102
119
162
90
74
146
167
415
163
94
80
192
98
99
114
123
170
131
153
146
94
77
856
125
150
205
105
132
73
140
99
4,055
254
478
566
967
1,039
1,038
1,898
492
1,707
1,601
356
1,219
830
1,637
93
699
713
842
637
418
804
902
2,588
1,052
534
475
1,125
526
655
604
745
1,020
794
954
868
516
489
4,497
719
811
1,203
562
713
448
870
631
23,419
5.5
6.1
6.0
6.3
6.2
6.5
5.6
6.0
6.3
5.4
6.1
5.6
6.3
6.0
4.7
5.9
6.0
5.5
6.0
5.6
5.5
5.4
6.2
6.5
5.7
5.9
S.9
5.4
6.6
5.3
6.1
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.9
5.5
6.4
5.3
.5.8
5.6
5.9
5.4
5.4
6.1
6.2
6.4
5.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.7
100.0
99.4
100.0
100.0
98.2
99.3
100.0
97.8
100.0
95.1
100.0
97.1
98.3
98.7
98.9
98.7
ioo.o
100.0
98.3
98.2
100.0
89.9
99.0
99.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
95.5
100.0
98.7
99.3
100.0
98.7
95.9
97.7
98.7
99.0
100.0
100.0
ino.o
97.9
97.1
99.4
Brintwood
1
1
2
2.0
1
0.6
0.6
1
1 0
Canterbury. . .
1
1
6
6.0
0.6
3
3 0
Chester
Chichester
Concord
4
2
4
2
20
9
5.0
4.5
1
1.4
0.7
0.4
4
2
1 0
Deerfleld
East Kingston
5
5
29
5.8
2.2
5
Exeter. .
1
1
2
2.0
13
0.3
4.5
2
'' 0
Gosport (on Star Island)....
Greenland . .
2
1
1
2
1
1
21
9
6
10.5
9.0
6.0
1
1
1
1
1.9
0.8
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.6
1.1
2
1
1
1 0
Hampton
1 0
Hampton Kalis
1
1
3
3.0
1.3
1
1.0
Kensington
Kingston
Londonderry
5
2
5
2
42
18
8.4
9.0
2
1
1.2
1.2
0.5
0.6
5
2
1.0
1.0
Loudon
Newcastle
Newington
9
1
1
9
1
1
51
4
3
5.7
4.0
3.0
"i'
10.1
0.5
1.0
0.5
14
1
1
1.6
1.0
1.0
Northampton
Northfleld
1
7
1
7
5
34
5.0
4 9
......
0.8
3.9
'ae'
1
11
1.0
1.6
Nottingham
Pelham
Pembrools...
Pittsficid
2
2
6
3.0
1
1.3
0.7
2
1.0
Plaistow
Poplin
1
21
1
21
2
121
2.P
6.8
"ie
3
......
1.3
2.4
"1.8"
2.3
"o.h'
1
26
1.0
1.2
Raymond
Rve
2
1
2
i
12
4
6 0
4.0
1.3
0.5
3
2
L5
2.0
Sandown
Seabrook
South Hampton
Stratham
1
3
18
1
3
18
3
26
108
3.0
8.7
6.0
2
5
0.7
2.9
0.4
1.4
0.1
1
5
21
i.6
1.7
1.2
Windham
Bamstcad
1
1
4
4.0
127
420
98
308
222
44
30
436
180
98
802
2, 179
674
1,937
1,222
254
148
2,578
1,034
588
6.3
5.9
5 9
0.8
99.2
100.0
100.0
98.1
98.7
100.0
96.8
98.9
100.0
100.0
1
1.0
Barrington
Conway
Dover
6
3
6
3
33
19
5.5
6.3
6.3
5.5
5.8
4.9
5.9
5.7
6.0
1.9
1.3
S
3
1.3
Durham
Eaton
Effingham
1
1
1
1
4
9
4.0
9.0
■■■4"
3.2
0.2
"69'
1
1
10
l.«
Lee
Madbury
! Includes families of Indians taxed.
GENERAL TABLES.
279
Table 114.-NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT TUE FIIiST CENSUS CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEIIOI I.IVf Avn vnv
NEW HAMPSHIRE-Contlnued.
rAMlUU.
laToboldL
*L4TB1.
Total
num-
ber.
SlaTeboldlng.
Nou
■«•
Pw oent (unlllM ol mcb
slMi lonn at aU lamlllM.
Toul
nuni-
Ur.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Num.
bcr.
White.
Free
col-
onsd.i
'1
While.
Fnw
col-
onsd.i
Slavcboldlnc.
NooiUto.
holdlnf.
Aicraca
numLrr
prrtUvn.
holdinc
family.
Num-
ber of
(ami-
nes.
Number of
members.
1
Num- '
•»'• Num.
Number of
membcn.
White.
Fm
col.
ored.i
Whila.
Free
od-
ond.i
A¥cr-
Total. ago nor
lamlly.
(ami-
Uea.
Total.
Aver-
Strallord county— Continued.
Merideth
153
107
91
.U
69
158
107
90
lot
74
111
09
50t
293
155
lei
2
9
46
20
US
78
1S3
107
90
104
73
111
69
506
293
155
161
2
9
46
20
US
78
878
617
559
554
438
cso
339
2,843
1,587
905
919
3
48
260
109
646
448
6.7
5.8
6.2
5.3
6.0
5.9
4.9
5 6
5.4
5.8
5.7
IS
5.3
6.7
5.5
5.6
6.7
100 r,
Moultonboruugh
i'
1
6'
■ "s.6'
........
li>' '
New Durham
I'- ' 1 , 1.0
New Durham Ciorp
1
98.6
loao
100.0
99 8
100.0
100.0
98.2
luu.n
lOOO
97.9
loao
100.0
loao
■,,.|.::::
New TTiimplon
Os.si|u-i'
!l
Uo'hisler
Sanborn town
50-
293
l.i 1
8
11.0
0.3
■::''|; •
1.0
Sand wirh
l.W
164
2
9
47
20
115
78
. !
8j 3
21
i.O
l.g
::::::! 4-
.........
Stark's I.ocation
I.I
Sterling's Location
1 1
5
5.0
2.1
' '■•
Tutfouborouph
Wakefield
1!
Wolfborough
1
il
RHODE ISLAin).
Thestate 11,290
Bristol county . .
Harrington.
Bristol
Warren
Kent county .
Coventry ,
Kasl Greenwich.,
Warwick ,
West Greenwich.
Newport county .
Jamestown
Little t'ompton.
Mtddleton
New Shorehnm..
Newport ,
Portsmouth
Tiverton
Providence county.
Cranston
Cumberland.
Foster
Gloiestcr
Johnstown...
115
252
200
1,387
394
296
397
300
2,448
79
260
128
90
1,242
243
406
4,016
315
313
363 I
620
219
North Providence I 183
Providence ! 1, 127
Scltuate ' 382
SmlthQeld ■ 494
Washington county | 2,878
Charleston
Kxoter
IIoi>kinston
North Kingston.
Richmond
South Kingston.
Westerly
295
423
404
454
290
653
359
461 1
53
4
8
IC
4
180
8
12
8
20
109
10
13
53 318
180
12
8
20
109
10
13
40
221
57
23
67
88
43
1,157
44
84
65
139
l>48
81
96
391
SO
27
12
20
30
206
24
20
906
4 •
24 ,
6
42
2 ,
60 I
4 I
21
154
35
262
9
6.5
6.0
5.0
6.S
5.2
58
8.4
5.6
10 7
6.4
5.S
7.0
8.1
7.0
5.9
8.1
7.4
9.0
12.0
6.7
7.5
7.2
8.0
S.0
5.3
6.4
5.8
6.2
4.5
6.4
9.8
10,835 II 10,393
514
504
107
218
189
1,355
390
288
381
296
2,268
71
248
120
70
1,133
233
393
3,962
308
313
360
619
216
179
1,096
379
490
2,736
103
213
188
385
281
350
293
2,141
63
246
119
TO
1,054
231
358
3,840
285
311
357
617
204
171
1,029
376
480
2,599
291 >
399
396
412
288
593
355
271
384
393
382
28S
535
349
61,590 I
2,694
599
1,074
1,021
8,228
5.9 ' 442 I
.12.0 I S.9
10
5.8
5.0
5.4
2,420
1.674
2. 156
1,9(8
12.024
379
1.400
734
438
5.447
1.472
2,154
23.023
6.3
6.0
G.2
&8
5.6
1,744
1,958
2,222
3,981
1.226
986
5,592
2,257
3,057
15,621
1,584
2,218
2,350
2,348
1,682
3,258
2,181
60
6.7
6.2
6.3
5.2
C4
6.0
S.0
6.3
6.2
6.5
6.0
6.8
S.4
6.0
6.4
5.8
5.8
«lO
6.1
5.9
6.1
6.3
5
7
31
3
127
79
2
36
122
69
3
10
137
9.3
7.0
13. S
5.5
2.3
1.0
2.7
4.0
1.3
7.4
lai
4.6
6.3
22.2
8.8
4.1
3.2
1.3
0.8
03
1.4
2.3
2.6
0 8
08
1.4
5.7
I.S
9.3
07
ti.3
1.1
• I 88.9 I
89.6
84.5
94.0
•4.4
97.7
94.9
97.7
87. S
79.7
94. C
93.0
77.8
84.9
»5. I
88.2
95.6
937
99.4
98.3
99.6
912
gs.4
91.1
98.4
97.2
901
91.9
(OS
97.1
84.1
98.1
81.9
97.3
3.5
2.0
OS
S.3
1.1
2.4
7.8
1.0
6.3
10.1
08
as
6.4
0 8
86
1.0
4.1
o.e
as
as
5.5
4.4
6.1
OR
2 0
a8
3.5
1.2
6.6
1.0
89
1.7
S
II
35
10
173
16
23
IS
48
226
19
3S
81
4
I
3
S
47
«
5
344
I Includes families of Indiana taxed.
280 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 114= -NUMBER OP FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON-
SLAVEHOLDING.W^ITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHERWITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES,
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued.
CONNECTICUT.
FAMILIES.
SLAVES.
Total
num-
ber.
Slaveholding.
Nonslaveholding.
Per cent families of each
class form of all families.
Total
num-
ber.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.i
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
Slaveholding.
Nonslave-
holding.
Average
number
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
per slave-
holding
family.
•
Total.
Aver-
age per
fanuly.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
The State
40,876
1,663
1,557
9,769
6.3
6
39,313
38,900
222,372
5.7
413
3.8
m
96.2
1.0
2,648
1.7
Palrfleld county
6,412
470
470
2,798
6.0
5,942
5,899
32,376
5.5
43
7.3
92.0
0.7
799
1.7
Brookfield
Danbury
Fairfield
189
663
707
527
476
277
445
[ 1,628
264
351
548
437
6,582
2
18
96
49
67
9
47
67
20
6
67
23
157
2
18
96
49
67
9
47
67
20
5
67
23
167
5
130
640
308
400
44
297
420
131
26
376
121
1,020
2.5
7.2
5.6
6.3
6.0
4.9
6.3
6.3
6.6
5.2
6.6
5.3
6.6
187
545
611
478
409
268
398
1,561
244
346
481
414
6,425
186
641
609
476
398
268
397
1,647
242
346
478
411
6,372
997
2,859
3,253
2,748
2,174
1,615
2,410
8,190
1,321
1,912
2,699
2,298
36,494
5.4
6.3
6.3
6.8
5.5
5.7
6.1
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
6.7
1
4
2
2
11
"i'
14
2
""'3
3
63
1.1
3.2
13.6
9.3
14.1
3.2
10.6
4.1
7.6
1.4
12.2
5.3
2.4
98.4
96.1
86.1
90.3
83.6
96.8
89.2
96.0
91.7
98.6
87.2
94.1
96.8
0.5
0.7
0.3
0.4
2.3
■■6.'2'
0.9
0.8
"'6.' 5"
0.7
0.8
3
23
203
82
120
9
71
117
32
5
98
36
266
1.5
1.3
2.1
Greenwich
Huntington
New Fairfield
1.7
1.8
1.0
Newtown
Norwalk
Stamford
Reading
Ridgefield
Stratford
Weston
Hartford county
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.0
1.5
1.6
1.6
Berlin
Bristol
East Hartford.
452
440
473
4S0
317
439
408
489
663
424
389
407
6S5
456
6,563
2
1
16
8
10
6
14
2
1
16
8
10
6
14
14
4
93
49
47
42
70
7.0
4.0
6.2
6.1
4.7
7.0
5.0
450
439
458
472
307
433
454
489
633
422
380
393
648
447
6,444
449
434
457
470
307
426
442
489
626
422
376
388
641
446
6,400
2,469
2,446
2,879
2,498
1,745
2,598
2,506
2,602
3,733
2,659
2,006
2,3S0
3,432
2,533
37,392
5.6
5.6
6.3
5.3
5.7
6.1
6.8
6.3
6.0
6.3
5.3
6.0
5.4
5.7
5.8
1
5
1
2
7
12
0.4
0.2
3.2
1.7
3.2
1.4
3.0
99.3
98.6
96,6
97.9
96.8
97.0
94.4
100.0
94.3
99.5
96.7
95.3
93.6
97.8
97.6
0.2
1.1
0.2
0.4
1.6
2.6
2
2
31
8
13
7
27
1.0
2.0
2.1
East Windsor
1.0
Enfield
Farmington
1.3
1.2
Glastonbury ... .
1.9
Hartford
30
2
9
14
37
9
119
30
2
9
14
37
9
119
212
23
09
99
246
52
776
7.1
11.5
7.7
7.1
6.6
6.8
6.5
8
4
6
7
1
44
4.5
0.5
2.3
3.4
5.4
2.0
1.8
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.0
0.2
0.7
47
2
11
28
59
19
203
1.0
Simsbury
1.0
Bouthington
SuiTield . ...
1.2
2.0
Wethersfield
1.6
Windsor
2.1
T^itphfipld rntinty
1.7
Bethlem
179
255
230
215
3,358
555
307
146
268
574
476
3,282
4
12
3
4
47
12
9
5
6
9
9
114
4
12
3
4
47
12
t
6
9
9
113
39
70
17
37
290
96
50
24
33
01
59
685
9.8
6.8
5.7
9.3
6.2
8.0
5.6
4.8
6.6
6.8
6.6
6.1
1
176
243
227
211
3,311
543
298
141
263
505
467
3,168
175
239
227
210
3,292
536
294
1.39
261
564
463
3,146
1,012
1,357
1,345
1,263
19,765
3,010
1,652
740
1,028
3,008
2,662
17,790
6.8
5.7
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.6
5.6
5.3
6.2
6.4
6.6
5.7
"■"4
......
19
7
4
2
2
1
4
23
2.2
4.7
1.3
1.9
1.4
2.2
2.9
3.4
1.9
1.6
1.9
3.4
97.8
93.7
98.7
97.7
9S,0
90.6
95.8
95.2
97.4
98.3
97.3
95.8
"i.ii'
"'6.' 5"
0.6
1.3
1.3
1.4
0.7
0-2
0.8
0.7
4
19
6
6
89
25
21
6
6
11
11
192
1.0
1.6
2.0
Kent
1.5
Litchfield
1.9
NewMilford
2.1
Southbury
2 3
Warren
1.2
Washington
1.0
Watertown
1.2
Woodbury
1.2
Middlesex county . .
1 7
Chatham
East Haddain
563
472
356
390
942
559
6,012
386
445
658
209
169
728
291
447
919
238
656
662
414
12
10
3
6
60
24
241
12
10
3
5
60
23
241
72
68
11
37
371
126
1,306
6.0
6.8
3.7
7.4
6.2
5.5
5.4
"i'
661
462
363
385
882
536
5,771
549
467
362
384
870
533
6,684
3,109
2,619
2,170
2,088
4,755
3,049
28, 478
5.7
5.7
6.2
5.4
5.5
6.7
5.0
2
5
1
1
12
2
87
2.1
2.1
0.8
1.3
6.4
4.1
4.0
"q.2
97.6
96.8
98.9
98.5
92.4
95.3
94.6
0.4
1.1
0.3
0.3
1.3
0.4
1.4
16
19
3
11
109
34
387
1.3
1 9
Haddam
Killingworth
1.0
2.2
Say brook
New Haven county
1.4
1 6
Branford
Cheshire.
29
9
23
7
20
23
4
45
46
4
19
4
9
29
9
23
7
20
23
4
46
45
4
19
4
9
149
47
151
9
121
99
22
244
264
16
99
28
57
5.1
5.2
6.6
1.3
6.1
4.3
5.5
5.4
5.9
4.0
5.2
7.0
6.3
C.'.'.'.
357
436
535
202
149
705
287
402
874
234
637
548
405
353
428
626
201
148
701
286
387
849
233
630
646
398
1,990
2,241
2,718
998
873
3,293
1,391
1,709
4,028
1,205
3,183
2,817
2,032
6.6
6.2
6.2
5.0
5.9
4.7
4.9
4.4
4.7
6.2
5.1
5.2
6.1
4
8
10
1
1
4
1
15
25
1
7
3
7
7.5
2.0
4.1
3.3
1 11.8
3.2
1.4
10.1
4.9
1.7
2.9
0.7
. 2.2
91.6
96.2
94.1
96.2
87.6
96.3
98.3
86.6
92.4
97.9
96.0
1 98.7
1 96.1
1.0
1.8
1.8
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.3
3.4
2.7
0.4
1.1
0.6
1.7
47
13
43
9
35
26
4
66
71
6
46
10
14
1.6
1.4
1.9
1 3
Durham
Guilford
J I
Hamden
1.0
1.4
1.6
1.5
2.4
2.6
1.6
Milford
New Haven city.
WallinRford
Waterburv
Woodbrld'ge
' Includes lamilies of Indians taxed.
8 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
GENERAL TABLES. 281
"^"'s^ lvt\Tm'i^vr\''.frTf i^.'^L^^^^'''''^ ^'^ ™^ ^'^T CENSUS. CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEUOLDINU AND NON-
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-ConUn.icd.
CONNECTICUT-Contlnued.
COUNTY AND TOWS.
New London county >.
Tolland county
Bottoo
i-k>ventry
Ellington
Hebron
Somors
StatTord
Tolland
I'nion
Wlllington
Windham county
Ashford
Urooklvnp
Canlorfjury
Hampton
KiUingley
T^banon
MansllHld
F^lainfipld
Pomfret
Thompson
Vnliintown
Windham
Woodstock
Total
num-
ber.
5,886
2,139
228
336
171
345
200
315
238
100
208
4.200
393
177
288
201
326
573
393
238
244
333
230
414
330
Num-
ber.
329
35
Slaveboldlng.
White.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
325
Number of
members.
Total.
2,173
248
14
24
19
118
23
2
35
765
30
60
12
7
35
142
31
55
141
18
58
103
73
Aver-
age per
family.
8.7
7.2
7.0
8.0
9.5
8.3
7.7
1.0
7.0
8.0
5.0
7.8 1
Free
col-
ored.!
7.5
10.0
8.0
7.0
5.0
7.5
7.8
8.9
9.4
9.0
8.3
7.4
8.1
Num-
ber.
5,357
2,104
228
332
168
331
197
313
231
99
207
4,102
389
171
288
200
319
554
389
230
229
331
283
400
321
Nowlaveholdlnc.
WhlU^.
Num-
ber of
fami-
Uei.
5,231
2.104
Number of
members.
ToUI.
29,397
12.857
228 I
332
168
331
197
313
231
99
207
4.085
387
168
284
198
317
S49
389
227
229
330
281
388
318
1.340
2,078
1,020
2,151
1,190
1,849
1,430
621 I
1,178
27,588 1
ATer-
ageper
family.
5.8
6.1
5.9
8.3
8.1
6.6
6.0
5.9
6.2
6.3
5.7
8.8
2.524
1.227
1.855 I
1.315 I
2,098
3.910 I
2,i.S«
1,586 I
1,581 I
2.238 '
1,772
2. SCO
2,327 I
6.5
7.3
6.5
8.8
6.8
7.1
6.8
7.0
8.9
6.8
8.3
8.8
7.3
Free
col-
ond.i
126
37
Per cent funlllea of each
elaa form of all (ubIUm.
Slavrholdlng.
White.
5.7
1.6
0.9
1.2
1.2
4.1
1.5
0.8
2.1
1.0
0.6
2.S
1.0
3.4
0.7
0.5
Zl
3.3
1.0
3.4
8.1
0.S
2.4
3.4
2.7
Free
col-
ored.!
ai
NoodsTe-
hoidlJI(.
While.
•1.0
98.4
Free
ool-
ond.i
12
99.1 I
98.8 <
98.2 I
96.9
98.6!
99.4 '
97.9 I
90.0 I
99.6
(6.8
98.5
94.9
98.6
98.5
97.2
95.8
99.0 i
95.4
93.9
99.1 I
96.9 I
93.7
98.4
0.5
1.7
0.7
10
0.8
0.9
0.3
0.7
3.9
a9
Total
Avrraci
numi«Y
num. (M-r ftlavn>
brr. holdlnc
family.
•81
7
10 ;
2
I
<i
SI
7
10
19
7
21
28
12
LI
1.1
LO
LS
LI
L4
LT
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
L8
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.3
27
1.8
LI
LS
3.S
3.0
2.0
L3
NEW TORK.
The state
54,878
12,317
7,796
1,474
7,787
1.467
47,495
8.881
8.1
8.1
9
7
47,082
10,843
40,308
10.830
285,430
83.051
5.7
5.8
684
14.2
0 1
84.5
87.9
1.2
0.1
21.191
3,732
2.7
XI
Albany county
13
1L9
Albanvcity
573
267
160
146
1,232
792
280
535
281
399
331
807
505
378
499
1,286
527
254
113
582
305
1,255 ,
608 '
1,091 <
4
374
332
140
88
104
35
23
143
87
5
12
17
15
11
171
19
47
27
141
55
10
27
238
1
6
.131
■ 140
87
104
! ^
23
143
87
ll
5
65
17
15
11
171
19
138
55
10
27
235
1
6
1,689
746
404
539
238
169
876
522
26
89
28
314
124
108
57
1,180
135
298
194
734
369
96
200
1,457
2
39
5.1
6.3
4.6
5.2
8.8
7.3
6.1
6.0
5.2
7.4
5.2
5.7
7.3
7.1
5.2
8.8
7.1
6.3
7.2
6.4
8.7
9.6
7.4
6.2
2.0
6.5
1
......
S
......
241 ,
127
72 1
42
1.197
769 1
137
448
278
387
328
552
488
383
488
1,095
508
207
86
441
250
1,245
481
855
238
125
72
41
1.196
769
137
448
276
387
326
551
488
363
488
I.09S
507
207
88
441
249
1,245
479
853
3
368
1,210
846
359
205
8,986
4,792
771
2,545
1.437
2,401
1,741
3,IM
2,887
2.319
2,866
8.586
2.875
1,309
484
2.333
1,544
7.087
2.807
5,205
21
1,531
5.1
6.2
SO
6.0
5.8
6.2
5.6
6.7
5.2
6,2
5.3
5.7
6.9
8.4
5.5
6.0
3
2
......
I
......
......
......
2
67.8
62.4
54.4
71.2
0.2
0.8
41.5
46.8
46.0
28.1
97.1
97.1
48.9
83.7
(8.2
(7.0
98.5
90.8
96.2
98.0
(7.8
88.5
96.2
81.5
76.1
7J.8
81.6
(9.2
M.3
78.2
7S.0
(8l4
0.5
0.7
6.'7
0.1
' 6. i'
a4
o.i"
aa
"o.*
0.2
571
214
100
267
89
41
m
1
57
5
123
27
n
13
i«2
S3
141
7*
»l
lU
»
61
707
6
16
1 7
1 5
Third ward
25
BallstowD
28
ao
2.9
61. 1
16.3
1.8
3.0
I.S
9.1
3.4
4.0
Z2
13.5
S.6
18.5
2S.9
Z3.4
18.0
0.8
6.3
21.5
39.0
1.6
as
ai'
LI
Catskill
CoxsacWfi
Diiani\sburKh
1.1
1.1
LO
4.8
LO
11
IToosick
1.6
11
L2
1.1
Saratoga
5.71 1
6.81
S.6I
2.8
1.0
1(
Schennotady south of the
5.3
6.2
5.7
6.9
8.1
7.0
4.2
1
1
■■■■j-
2
17
Schoharie
11
16
11
Watcrvlict .--
1.0
Island in thn river not in-
cluded in any town
Clinton county
3
368 i
6.0
27
Champlain
126
45
86
117
2
2
•
3.0 1
1
124 1
451
83
118 U
124
45
83
116
652
202
418
361
4.6
4 5
.10
I
1.6
98.4
loao
(66
'\
1.0
Piatt.sburgh
3
1
i'
1
29
4
9.7 ;
4.0 1
:::;:: xsi
11
1
4.3
1.0
WeUsburgh
I Includes families of Indians taxed.
• Not returned by town.".
> Le!a than ooe-trnth of I per crnL
282
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 114.-NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON-
SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES,
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued.
NEW YORK— Continued.
FAIUUES.
SLAVES.
Total
num-
ber.
Slaveholdlng.
Nonslaveholding.
Per cent families of each
class form of all families.
Total
num-
ber.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Num-
ber.
628
White
Num-
ber.
i
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
Slaveholding.
Nonslave-
holding.
Average
number
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Free
col-
ored.'
Num-
l)er of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
per slave-
holding
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Columbia county
4,276
528
3,076
5.8
3,748
3,736
22,453
6.0
12
12.3
87.4
0.3
1,633
3.1
1,018
470
131
81
754
380
698
744
6,717
23
109
37
16
20
63
174
86
670
22
46
67
195
36
33
20
12
80
121
6
32
333
104
49
73
32
31
44
300
23
109
37
16
20
63
174
86
670
175
685
208
108
135
418
789
558
4,740
7.6
6.3
5.6
0.8
6.8
6.6
4.5
6.5
7.1
995
361
94
65
734
317
624
668
6,047
994
369
94
65
733
310
523
668
5,990
6,272
2,224
642
354
4,283
1,947
3,033
3,798
38,234
6.3
6.2
5.8
5.4
5.8
6.3
6.8
5.8
6.4
1
2
1
7
1
57
2.3
23.2
28.2
19.8
2.7
16.6
24.9
11.6
10.0
97.6
76.4
71.8
80.2
97.2
81.6
74.9
88.4
89.2
0.1
0.1
1.8
0.1
0.8
36
341
112
40
33
199
639
233
1,864
1.6
Claverack
3.1
3.0
2.5
HUIsdale
1.7
3.2
3.7
2.7
Dutchess county
2.8
Amenla
441
610
096
885
914
600
676
331
370
514
141
7^9
646
22
46
67
195
36
33
20
12
80
121
6
32
332
103
49
73
32
31
44
299
188
358
624
1,275
270
201
181
91
637
771
36
248
1,896
8.5
7.8
11
u
9.1
7.6
6.7
6.4
6.0
7.8
5.7
1
419
404
629
690
878
467
656
319
290
393
135
707
213
416
462
624
686
872
464
642
319
284
385
134
702
211
2,809
3,125
3,877
4,023
6,557
3,034
4,022
1,901
1,745
2,404
809
4,808
1,128
6.8
6.8
6.2
6.9
6.4
6.6
6.3
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.5
6.8
5.3
3
2
5
4
6
3
14
6
8
1
6
2
5.0
9.0
9.6
22.0
3.9
6.6
3.0
3.6
21.6
23.5
4.3
4.3
60.8
0.2
94.3
90.6
89.7
77.6
95.4
92.8
95.0
90.4
76.8
74.9
95.0
95.0
38.6
0.7
0.4
0.7
0.5
0.7
0.6
2.1'
1.6
1.6
0.7
0.7
0.4
52
106
176
601
63
80
42
25
207
421
13
78
1,482
2.4
2.3
2.6
FishL-ill
3.1
1.8
Northeast
2.4
Pawlinn
2.1
2.1
2.6
Rhinebeck
3.5
Southeast
2.2
2.4
Kings county
4.S
Brooklyn.
218
74
99
48
■18
69
4,906
602
239
402
184
203
266
1,754
5.8
4.9
5.5
5.8
6.5
6.0
6.9
1
1
114
25
26
16
17
16
4,006
114
24
26
16
17
14
4,603
585
128
149
102
83
81
26,300
5.1
5.3
6.7
6.4
4.9
6.8
6.7
"'i'
" 'i'
3
47.2
60.2
73.7
60.7
04.6
74.6
6.1
0.5
52.3
32.4
20.3
33.3
35.4
23.7
93.8
1
"lY
0.1
455
171
378
137
135
206
588
4.4
3.5
Flatbush
5.2
Flatlands..
4.3
Gravesend
4.4
4.7
Montgomery county
2.0
Canajoharie...
1,047
721
405
12
225
319
274
791
304
474
334
0,037
CO
71
5
60
71
5
366
391
31
6.1
5.6
6.2
987
650
400
12
214
313
269
730
300
402
329
4,922
987
660
400
12
214
312
269
. 730
299
402
328
4,763
6,646
3,690
2,357
45
1,217
1,688
1,488
3,957
1,640
2,718
1,854
22,277
6.7
5.7
5.9
3.8
6 7
6.4
5.6
6.4
5.5
6.8
5.7
4.7
5.7
9.8
1.2
94.3
90.2
98.8
100.0
95.1
97.8
98.2
92.3
98.4
84.8
98.2
78.7
96
133
7
1.6
1.9
1.4
11
6
5
CI
4
72
6
1,115
11
6
5
60
4
72
6
1,115
64
32
28
318
22
475
27
6,673
6.8
5.3
6.6
6.3
6.6
0.6
6.4
6.0
' "i'
■"'i'
i'
169
4.9
1.9
1.8
7.6
1.3
15.2
1.5
18.5
'ai'
■ o.'s'
"o.'s'
"o.'s'j
2.8
20
6
8
111
8
192
7
2.373
1.8
1.0
Herkimer
1.6
1.8
Otsepo...
2.0
Palatine
2.7
Whites
1.4
New York city and county
2.1
5,926
325
586
1,377
895
1,087
380
1,276
lU
204
1,067
115
235
210
164
130
58
165
48
4
1,067
116
235
210
154
130
68
165
48
4
6,421
641
1,471
1,188
871
833
298
1,119
252
4
6.0
5.6
6.3
6.7
6.7
6.4
5.1
6.8
5.3
1.0
4,859
210
351
1,107
741
967
322
1,111
63
200
4,695
208
349
1,108
705
927
313
1,085
58
20O
21,953
975
1,699
4,979
3,459
4,372
1,299
5,170
324
1,036
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.6
4.9
4.7
4.2
4.8
5.6
5.2
164
2
2
69
36
30
9
26
5
18.0
36.4
40.1
15.3
17.2
12.0
16.3
12.9
43.2
2.0
79.2
64.0
69.6
80.5
78,8
85.3
82.4
85.0
52.3
98.0
2.8 [
0.6 1
0.3
4.3
4.0
2.8
2.4
2.0 1
4.5
2,184
234
514
373
311
208
115
309
189
10
2.0
Dock ward
2.0
2.2
Montgomery ward
North ward
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.0
V/est v.'ard
2 2
3.9
Ontario county
2 5
88
31
09
16
2,890
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1.0
1.0
1.0
87
29
68
16
2,475
87
29
68
16
2,453
454
147
336
99
14,688
6.2
5.1
4.9
6.2
6.0
1.1
6 5
98.9
93.5
98.6
100.0
84.9
1
7
2
1.0
Erwin. . . ...
3 5
Genesee
1.4
2.0
415
415
2,627
6.3
22
14 4
0.8
961
2 3
Goslien
343
810
370
UK
190
572
87
114
21
02
78
53
87
114
21
62
78
63
009
OoO
136
475
400
358
7.0
5.7
6.4
7.7
5.1
6.8
256
096
3,9
643
112
519
250
693
347
642
109
612
1,667
3,920
2,013
3,5l4
539
3,105
6.3
6.7
5.8
6.6
4.9
6.1
6
3
2
1
3
7
25.4
14.1
5.7
10.2
41.1
9.3
......
72.9
85.6
93.8
89.6
57.4
89.6
1.7
0.4
0.5
0.2
1.6
1.2
212
238
51
167
198
96
2 4
Ilaverstraw
2 1
Minisink
New Cornwall . . .
2.4
2 7
Orange
Warwick
2.5
1.8
1 Includes families of Indians taxed.
3 Less than one-tenth o f 1 per cent.
GENERAL TABLES. 283
Table 114.-NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT TDE FIRST rFVsrs: ri »«.r,i-, . .
SLAVEnoLDING.WUITE AND FREE (OI ORFI. TnrPTiM.»\v^:^^l,r/ ^ ' " "^'^ "^LAVEIIOLDINO AND NON-
BY COUNTIES aInD MINOR CIUL DIHsS
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Queens county .
Flushing
Jamaica
Newtown
North Ilonipstead.
Oyster Bay
South Hempstead.
Richmond county
Castle ton
Northfield...
Southfield...
Westfield....
Suffolk county..
Brookhaven . . ,
Kasthamplon.
lIuntinKtoii. . .
Islip
Shelter Island.
Smithtown
Southampton.
Southold
Ulster county .
Hurley
Kinpston
Maiiiakating.
Marhlftown..
MIddletown.,
Montpomer>-
New .Marllwrough.
New I'alti
New Windsor
Newburgh
Rochester
Shawan^unk .
Walli;ili
Woodstock...
Washington county.
Arpyle
r.rahville...
Hampton..
Hehron
Kingsbury.
Queensbury.
Satetn
Westfleld....
Whitehall...
Westchester county .
Bedford
Cortlandt . . .
Eastehester.
t-JriTnburgh.
Harrison
Mamaroneck..
Morrisania
Mt. Pleasant..
New Uochellc.
North Castle..
North Salem...
Pelham
Poundridgc....
NKW VORK-Conllnued.
Slaveboldlng.
White.
Total
num-
ber.
.Num-
ber.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
I Aver-
Total. age per
jlaiiiUy.
Trtv
col- I
ored.i
0.1
■.isi;
w>3
5fi6
121
1S8
125
162
2,858
141
153
158
134
238
S6ti
249
572
106
35
155
582
593
4.354
103
43
103
878
104
534
284
304
172
524
36$
336
280
387
223
277
392
169
2,488
400
392
75
306
178
183
395
407
152
3,797
420
32S
102
208
152
65
13
303
112
397
177
31
18«
210
IS
97
23
78
42
28
76
102
47
11
24
141
153
158
134
238
800
963
1,042
798
1,290
39 229
46 251
72 ' 360
81 , 450
496 : 2,632
103 j 524
43 < 243
103 563
9 45
23
248
521
465
878 5,535
5.8
6.7
6.7
C.3
&6
6.0
S.4
Num-
ber.
1,773
-Nonsbiveholdlog.
White.
.^Ijx* liulillnr
Num-
Ixr of
ftml-
Number of
members.
' Fr.-.
Total.
'age per'
1, Whlu^
f f.
col- ,
Ofed.i!
It,.
While, eel- I
ond.il
l,*Vi 8,143 ,
97
154
127;
172
430
488
324 I
630
889
696
1,065 I
3.364 ,
2,604
1,605
6.5
5.8
6.6
6.1
6.6
6.3
6.2
6.9
6.6
5.0
6.6
6.3
6.1
6.7
5.6
S.0
4.6
4.S
6.8
6.0
6.3
1
10
3
1
540
56
210
15
97
23
78
42
28
76
102
47
11
24
298
1,255 I
107
641
29
675
173 !
483
276
179 I
I
452
683 I
322 I
62 {
209
6.3
6.0
7.1
6.1
7.3
7.0
7.5
a2
&6
&4
6.9
8.7
6.9
6.6
a7
111'
63
81
2,362
81
111
r,\
81
2,310
450
206
4ti2
83
101
489
491
4.Vi
11,677
6.4
6.8
4.6
4.7
.|i 3,476
7.9
640 3.441
150
194
216
311
186
48
230
236
129
73
66
17.0
7.8
lao
13.0
fi.4
7.5
6.9
&8
&8
7.1
6.1
9.6
6.1
6.3
7.2
6.S
6.0
48
324
269
215
168
427
315
238
238
369
2,464
3,464
391
.')«2
48
324
269
213
168
427
344
256
2.17
368
146
174
344
166
2,464
4<>^
161 I
391
392
75
306
178
182
385
404
161
2, 195
l.OAe
2,509
459
131
397
2.454
2,376
20,761
303
1,938
1,600
1,260
983
2,636
2,004
1,507
1.409
2,096
1.070
2,138
937
13,819
4.9
6.1
6.4
5.6
4.7
3.9
6.0
4.8
27
61
as
41
;i.'. 1
47.8
39.6
23.1
2a2
42.0 I
ll
1 I
2 ,
62
6.3
6.0
6.9
5.9
6.9
6.2
6.8
6.9
6.9
5.8
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.0
6.6
3,257 !] 3.224
400
295
70
1G2
126
60
8
366
74
399
293
70
162
118
48
8
364
70
2.266
2,242
463
1.703
1,119
l,0C2
2,098
2,072
796
18.737
379 376 I
166 166 I
20 20
186 186 '
3,373
1,646
438
918
730
63
1,699
340
3.3A4
943
95
1,066
6.8
5.7
&3
6.6
6l3
5.8
6.4
6.1
6.3
33.3
29.1
67.6
60l0
J7.4
18.2
17.3
17.8
8.6
14.3
32.9
16.6
16.7
3a3
63.8
39.3
6.3
39.3
2.3
18.6
6.3
23.3
16. 0
7.2
34 1
*. -
12."
6.4
l.O
Z3
a6
2.6
a?
a7
5.7
5.6
63
5.7
6u3
0.0
6.6
6.1
4.9
60
5.7
4.8
6.7
.i-r
,iii(t
"I)-.
a.0
sas 1.8
.'.e
..8
< 1
-• 4
-• 4
t I
J •
. 9
3
±i
2.a
7l>..l . 13.J
80. n ,',. 7
24 '
.914
.' 3
- 3
.1
3.9
4*
3.3
l.«
3.0
3.1
4i1lJ , 246
aa7 721,
W.7 I 61
Tai a7 374 ,
»7.7 •
84. •.
02.6 I
0 4
aa I
6T
4.4
3.4
a.4
4.x
LS
14
zs
a.t
3.0
1.7
&«
XI
;.-.
1.4
46
1.0
l.«
1.0
31 ,
21
»
3.0
'1
1.0
■ f T
16
1.0
XO
23
X«
.'-i
XI
> Include* families of Indians taxed.
284
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 114 -NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON-
SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES,
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued.
NEW YORK— Continued.
FAUILTES.
SLAVES.
Total
num-
ber.
Slaveholding.
Nonslaveholding.
Per cent families of each
class form of all families.
Total
num-
ber.
COUNTT AND TOWN.
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
Slaveholding.
Nonslave-
holding.
Average
number
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
White.
Free
col-
ored.!
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
per slave-
holding
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Weatcliester county— Cont'd.
Rye
162
260
33
189
170
,75
152
202
49
11
8
19
62
24
51
23
49
11
8
19
62
24
51
23
270
60
69
160
358
140
362
135
5.5
4.5
7.4
7.9
6.8
6.8
6.9
5.9
113
249
25
170
108
51
101
239
112
246
26
170
107
50
100
236
679
1,370
183
1,102
554
310
591
1,406
6.2
5.6
7.3
6.5
5.2
6.2
5.9
6.0
1
3
1
1
1
4
30.2
4.2
24.2
10.1
36.6
32.0
33.6
8.8
69.1
94.6
75.8
89.9
62.9
66.7
65.8
89.7
0.6
1.2
0.6
1.3
0.7
1.5
123
19
28
38
242
49
170
40
2.5
1.7
Scarsdale .
3.6
2.0
3.9
White Plains .
2.0
Youkers
3.3
York
1.7
PENNSYLVANIA.
73,874
1,858 1
1,851
12,942
7.0
7
72,016
71,471
408,690
5.7
645
2.5
(')
96.7
0.7
3,707
2.0
-Allegheny county ...
1,844
66
66
429
6.6
1,778
1,776
9,603
6.4
3
3.6
96.3
0.2
159
2.4
37
255
266
77
70
67
1,072
2,232
6,244
37
245
247
77
69
65
1,038
2,208
5,213
37
245
245
76
69
65
1,038
2,204
5,209
206
' 1,397
1,303
375
388
393
5,541
12.887
29,717
5.6
6.7
6.3
4.9
5.6
6.0
6.3
5.8
5.7
100.0
96.1
92.1
98.7
98.6
97.0
96.8
98.7
99.3
10
19
io
19
80
123
8.0
6.5
■■2'
1
4
4
3.9
7.1
"6.' 8"
1.3
0.2
0.1
21
40
2.1
Pitt
2.1
1
2
34
24
31
1
2
34
24
31
13
18
195
165
209
13.0
9.0
5.7
6.9
6.7
1.4
3.0
3.2
1.1
0.6
i
94
46
60
1.0
Versailles
1.5
That part of .\llesheny
county taken from Wash-
2.8
Bedford county ^
1.9
Berks county
1.9
132
152
147
360
164
60
241
91
100
245
89
101
120
151
133
362
173
129
120
177
161
146
435
109
199
142
94
389
119
204
4,180
132
152
146
358
164
60
240
89
100
245
88
100
120
149
133
359
172
129
120
177
159
146
430
106
198
142
94
385
117
204
4,046
132
151
146
358
164
60
240
89
100
245
88
99
120
149
133
368
172
129
120
177
159
145
430
106
ms
142
94
385
116
204
3,985
773
831
853
2.230
949
324
1.493
488
549
1,440
462
514
629
871
724
2,044
956
738
726
1,013
944
900
2,186
624
1,073
741
468
2,250
671
1,263
23,449
6.9
6.6
6.8
6.2
6.8
5.4
6.2
5.5
5.5
5.9
6.3
5.2
6.2
5.8
5.4
6.7
5.6
5.7
6.1
6.7
6.9
6.2
5.1
5.9
5.4
5.2
6.0
5.8
6.8
6.1
6.9
ino.o
99.3
99.3
99.4
100.0
100.0
99.6
97.8
100.0
100.0
9S.9
98.0
100.0
98.7
100.0
98.9
99.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.8
100.0
98.9
97.2
9=1.5
100.0
100.0
99.0
97.5
100.0
95.3
1
Alsace
1
0.7
i
2
1
2
4
18
4.0
9.0
0.7
0.6
> I
1.0
Bern
2.0
Bethel
Brecknock
Brunswick and Manheim...
i
2
1
2
10
12
10.0
6.0
0.4
2.2
......
1
4
1.0
2.0
Colebrookdale
1
1
1
1
11
10
11.0
10.0
......
1.1
1.0
"i.'o'
1
1
Earl
1 0
East District
Exeter
2
2
12
6.6
1.3
7
3 5
"■ Greenwich
3
1
3
1
21
9
7.0
9.0
1
0.8
0.6
.'.'.'.'.'.
0.3
6
1
2.0
Maiden Creek
Manheim. (See Brunswick
and Manheim.)
Maxatany
Oloy
2
2
9
4.6
1.2
4
2.0
Pinegrove
5
3
1
5
3
1
27
17
6
6.4
5.7
6.0
1.1
2.8
0.5
9
4
1
1.8
Richmond
1.3
1.0
Ilockland
Ruscomb
4
2
4
2
29
14
7.3
7.0
......
1.0
1.7
"b'.s
16
3
3.8
Union
1 5
Windsor
Bucks county 3
134
134
905
6.8
61
3.2
1.6
261
1.9
1 Includes families of Indians taxed.
2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
8 Not returned by townships.
GENERAL TABLES. 286
PKNT*HYL,VAXIA-ConUnued.
COUNTT AKD TOWN.
Chester county.
Bimilnpham...
lirandywtne...
Charleslown...
Coventry
East Bradlord.
East rain
East Fallowfleld . .
East Marlborough.
East NantmlU
East Nottingham..
East Town
East Whiteland.
Fallowfield
Goshen
Honey brook
Kennet
London Britain.
Londonderry
Londongrove
New Garden
New London.
NewUn
Oxford
Pennsburv. ..
Plkeland."....
Sadsbury. . .
Thornlniry
Tredlllrln...
Uwehland..
Vincent
West Bnultord
West lain
West Marllxjrough.
West NantniiU
West Nottingham.
We.«t Town
West WhltcIand...
WlUlstowu
Total
num-
ber.
4,435
Cumberland county.
Hopewell
Newton
Tyborn
\\ estpensboro
Eastern portion of county.
3S
127
209
195
125
107
85
144
170
123
75
75
124
204
118
99
43
96
110
128
120
89
148
86
142
89
26
157
165
182
117
133
121
147
69
60
72
122
3,017
Dauphin county.
1,281
1,736
3,248
Harrlsburgh town
Lebanon to^vn
Remainder of county.
Delaware county
Ashton
Bothol
Birmingham.
Chesti-r
Concord
Darby
Edgmont
Uaverford
Lower Chichester. .
Lower Providence.
Marple
MIddletown
Newtown
184
180
2,884
1,724
75
39
64
154
108
141
63
102
97
52
82
Slaveholdlnc.
Num-
ber.
WTUte.
Num-
ber of
(ami-
Ilea.
3
117
10
117
Number of
membcn.
Avor-
Total. age per
family.
618
76
20
433
498
602
col-
ored.'
7.0
9.0
11.0
11.0
9.0
7.0
2.0
8.0
6.7
9.5
6.0
6.5
6.3
6.4
10.0
9.0
6.2
7.6
7.6
8.3
7.3
4.0
2.0
4.3
3.0
6.7
8.0
7.6
8.3
6.5
2 I
I
77 I
6 I
519 I
192
6.4
6.0
6.6 I
8.7
5.0
9.5
11.0
9.0
7.0
7.8
Notulaveholdlnt.
Num-
ber.
4,347
86
127
204
194
126
106
86
144
168
121
74
73
118
202
113
97
39
91
106
125
107
89
138
86
142
84
28
154
161
181
117
133
130
144
67
60
69
122
2,900
White.
Num-
ber of
faml-
Ilea.
Numbrr of
mrmben.
4,289
1,224
1,670
3,156
172
179
2,805
1,700
35
126
200
193
121
105
85
138
166
121
74
72
118
108
113
96
39
91
106
121
107
88
138
83
138
84
25
153
157
181
114
133
117
144
66
58
68
117
2,896
Total.
Atw-
I age per
family.
28,363
1,221
1,<75
3,098
171
179
2,748
1,670
220
735
1,167
1,106
826
666
516
797
976
792
419
463
732
1,194
713
629
202
545
736
717
628
627
891
681
798
554
118
931
916
1,218
714
837
659
814
403
348
417
770
16,849
22 !
13
11.0 1.
110 :.
78
154
107
139
62 !;
•8 ,
52
82 'I
97 I
72 ll
76
36
59
152
lOO
138
61
97
96
52
82
92
72
6,976
9,873
17,281
777 /
950
15,654
8.951 I
431
211
371
651
622
too
416
U9
S16
400
637
432
6.3
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.8
8.8
8.1
6.8
6.9
6.6
6.7
6.3
6.2
6.0
6.3
6.6
6.2
6.0
6.9
6.0
6.9
6.0
8.6
7.0
6.8
6.6
4.7
6.1
8.8
6.7
8.8
6.3
6.6
6.7
8.1
6.0
6.1
6.6
6.8
S.7
6.6
4.6
6.3
6.7
6.4
6.7
6.9
63
4.3
6.2
4.8
6.8
4.3
6.1
4.1
6.6
68
6.0
ool>
58
I*«r oant hmlUcg o( each
claa fann of all fkmllla.
81«Tehn4(1lin.
Wblts.
NonilsT^
boldlnf.
'I
68
Tl
xo
2.t
0.6
0.8
1.3
1.6
1.3
2.7
4.8
1.0
4.2
2.0
9.3
6.2
3.6
0.S
6.8
6.6
1.9
2.4
0.6
0.8
2.0
4.2
3.9
4.4
3.6
2.8
Free
col- I While
ond.i
6.6
0.6
2.7
1.4
1.8
19
3.0
1.4
M.7 I 1.3
100.0 I
99.2 i
•8.7
•9.0 I
96.8
1 lursa.
>
AT-raip.
144
1.6
0.8
l.«
0.5
3.2
. 94.4
.1 e6.9{
1.4
4.1
96.0 1 0.1
223
96.3 I
96.6 I
95.4 '
0.2
ai
1.8
0.6
i'o'
m
«o
26
3
in
97.9
96.8
•6.1
W.0
IOOlO
loao
«3.»
98.6
a7
1.6
1.0
1.0
9H.1
100. 0
95.8
97.6
98.4
a.
"Hi'
1.3
1
S
■ ■ ■■|8
2
8.0
4.0
l.«
98.7
9S.0
96.2
97.1
96.8
1.*
"io
3
3
•
4
13
2.0
1.0
1.8
2.0
3.8
97.0
90.7
94.8
96.4
18.0
1.0
"Ha
3
8
7
S
I
1.0
2.0
1.4
1.3
1.0
as.3
88.9
"ill
■"i'6
2.8
"i's'
0.6
2.4
30
1.6
•L2
96.6
30
3.0
•7.2
94.4
t»i.2
7
1.4
97.5
95 2
99.6
8
4
I
1.0
1.0
LO
•74
Z«
100.0
96.7
98.0
2.6
1
7
1.0
2.3
95.7
96.7
1.4
3.3
3
1.6
> Includes families of Indians taxed.
'iDchidM 5 (lavet In as iDstltuttoo.
286
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 114 -NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON-
SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES,
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued.
PENNSYLVANIA— Continued.
FAMILIES.
SLAVES.
Total
num-
ber.
Slaveholding.
Nonslavtholding.
Per cent families of each
class form of all families.
Total
num-
ber.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
Slaveholding.
Nonslave-
holding.
Average
number
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
White.
Free
col-
ored.!
White.
Free
col-
ored.i
per slave-
holding
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Delaware county— Continued.
112
112
63
61
41
45
85
56
2,388
2
1
1
2
1
1
14
8
8
7.0
8.0
S.O
110
111
62
61
39
44
85
55
2,288
110
no
59
60
35
44
85
55
2,286
661
464
295
399
131
251
559
340
12,354
6.0
4.2
5.0
6.7
3.7
5.7
6.6
6.2
5.4
......
3
1
4
1.8
0.9
1.6
,
98.2
98.2
93.7
98.4
85.4
97.8
100.0
98.2
95.7
"o.'g'
4.8
1.6
9.8
2
1.0
Ridlev
1.0
4.0
Thornbury
2
1
2
■■"2.2"
4.9
1.5
Upper Chichester
1
ID
10.0
1.0
1
100
1
100
7
630
7.0
6.3
2
1.8
4.2
0.1
282
1.0
2.8
Bullskin
138
310
258
234
196
296
253
132
289
206
70
2,528
5
17
3
2
7
20
13
6
13
14
5
17
3
2
7
20
13
6
13
14
33
113
17
14
37
139
86
35
76
80
6.6
6.6
5.7
7.0
5.3
7.0
6.6
5.8
5.8
5.7
133
299
265
232
189
276
240
126
276
192
70
2,365
133
298
255
232
188
276
240
126
276
192
70
2,357
701
1,694
1,350
1,282
1,043
1,479
1,195
674
1,425
1,082
429
13,887
5.3
5.7
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.6
6.1
5.9
'.'.'1
......
3.6
6.4
1.2
0.9
3.6
6.8
5.1
4.5
4.5
6.8
96.4
94.3
98.8
99.1
9.5.9
93.2
94.9
95.5
95.5
93.2
100.0
93.2
■"6."3"
"o.'s'
19
31
3
27
43
38
21
28
68
3.8
1.8
1.3
German , . .
1.5
3.9
Menallen
2.2
2.9
3.5
Union
2.2
4.9
"Wharton
163
162
1,174
7.2
1
8
6.4
W
0.3
326
2.0
Fannet
1,100
1,368
1,268
5,980
75
88
24
193
74
88
24
193
569
605
134
1,507
7.7
6.9
6.4
7.8
1
1,085
1,280
1,244
5,787
1,083
1,274
1,243
5,771
6,372
7,515
7,302
33,579
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.8
2
6
1
16
0.4
6.4
1.9
3.2
0.1
93.4
93.1
98.0
96.5
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.3
148
178
43
347
2.0
Montgomery
Peters
Remainder of county
2.0
1.8
Lancaster county
1.8
Bart
137
120
131
R38
113
169
90
156
539
86
30
12
270
238
54
678
213
196
126
82
267
220
194
136
255
108
207
203
352
867
1,259
5
6
37
7.4
132
120
120
538
113
169
86
143
528
85
30
12
268
237
53
641
202
177
125
82
267
217
182
132
247
100
175
257
349
860
1,220
132
120
119
537
113
168
86
143
528
85
30
12
268
236
53
638
201
177
125
82
264
216
181
132
246
100
175
257
347
859
1,220
816
629
645
2,991
662
1,084
477
870
2,830
510
196
69
1,580
1.523
282
3,375
1,292
1,073
772
367
1,592
1,245
980
805
1,499
634
1,038
1,603
2,140
4,847
7,194
6.2
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.9
6.5
5.5
6.1
5.4
6.0
6.5
5.8
5.9
6.5
5.3
5.3
6.4
6.1
6.2
4.5
6.0
5.8
5.4
6.1
6.1
6.3
5.9
6.2
6.2
5.6
5.9
3.6
96.4
100.0
90.8
99.8
100.0
99.4
95.6
91.7
98.0
98.8
100.0
100.0
99.3
99.2
98.1
94.1
94.4
90.3
99.2
100.0
98.9
98.2
93.3
97.1
96.5
92.6
84.5
97.7
98.6
99.1
96.9
5
1.0
Caernarvon
11
11
56
5.i
1
1
8.4
0.8
0.2
29
2 6
1
0.6
Donegal
4
13
11
1
4
13
11
1
36
102
63
35
9.0
7.8
5.7
35.0
4.4
8.3
2.0
L2
10
34
20
<1
2 5
Drumore. .
2 6
Earl
Elizabeth town
Heidelberg
Hempfleld
2
1
1
37
U
19
1
2
1
1
37
11
19
1
14
10
13
294
82
144
7
7.0
10.0
13.0
7.9
7.5
7.6
7.0
......
3
1
0.7
0.4
1.9
5.5
5.2
9.7
0.8
"d'A'
0.4
0.5
4
1
1
57
18
42
1
2 0
Lancaster borough. ..
1 5
Little Britain
0 2
Manheim. , .
1.0
Manheim town
Manor
3
1
,1
......
■"■2"
1
1.1
0.5
0.5
"6.' 4'
"6.' 6'
0.1
Martick . . . .
3
12
4
8
8
32
6
3
7
39
3
12
4
8
8
32
6
3
7
39
23
111
33
70
60
233
64
20
31
264
7.7
9.3
8.3
8.8
7.5
7.3
10.7
6.7
4.4
6.8
1.4
6.2
2.9
3.1
7.4
15.5
2.3
0.9
0.8
3.1
9
23
7
U
11
46
6
11
11
59
3.0
1.9
1.8
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.0
3.7
1.6
1.5
Sadsbury.
Strasburg .
Luzerne county 3, .
Mifflin county.. . ...
That portion south o( the
river Juniata. . . .
360
899
8
31
8
31
51
213
6.4
6.9
352
868
352
868
2,132
5,062
6.1
5.8
2.2
3.4
97.8
96.6
9
50
1.1
1.8
Remainder of county
1 Includes families of Indians taxed.
s Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
a Not returned by townships.
* In an institution.
GENERAL TABLES.
287
"^'"Q^r .\^t"^m mvw^'^„^f,.r.'^"^^'^-^ REPORTED AT THE FIRST CI-XSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON-
SLAV ^HOLDING, W UI TL, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AXD AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-Conti.nu.,l. .i=..-NUMUfc.KO|. hLAVM.
PENNSYLVANIA— Continued.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Uontgomery county .
Abington
Cheltenbatn
Manor ot Morcland . . .
Springfleld
Remainder of county .
Northampton county.
Allen
Bethlehem
Chestnut Hill
Coslkton District .
Delaware
Easton town .
Forks
Hamilton
Heidelberg . . .
Lehigh
Lower Mount Bethel .
Lower Saucon
Lower Smlthileld
LowhiU
Lynn
Maounge..
More
Nasareth..
Penn
Plainfleld.
Salisbury
Towamenslnk
Upper MUford
Upper Mount Bethel.
Upper Saucon
Upper Smithfleld.
Wallon I'apack
WoIs<mber;^h.
Whitehall.
Williams..
Northumberland county *.
Philadelphia county
Blockley
Bristol
Bylwrry
Oermantown town.
Kingsessing
Lower Dublin
Manor of Moreland
Moyamenslng and Passy-
unk
Northern Liberties town..
O.xford
OATM.
Total
num-
ber.
3,803
163
101
224
88
3,227
4,09!
241
156
107
S6
77
134
116
95
166
106
149
179
235
75
210
127
150
110
146
170
74
202
168
144
63
30
101
203
132
2,946
9,504
148
124
as
555
107
228
65
259
2,169
175
Num-
ber.
Passyunk. (SeeMoyamen-
sing and Passyunk.)
Roxl>orouRh
South wark
Phlladelnhia city:
Northern district (be-
tween Vine and Race
streets from the Del-
aware to the Schuyl-
kiU)
Middle district (from |
the north side of I
Chestnut street to the 1
south side of Race j
street from the Dela- i
ware to the Schuyl- i
kill) 2,095
872
72
16
48
220
18
34
Slavcholdlng.
White
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
72
48
216
18
Number of
members.
Free
col-
ored.'
Total.
458
361
97
24
352
1,542
16
18
14
7
29
le
13
48
195
63
lU
34 267
Aver-
age per
family.
6.4
8.0
7.0
6.7
11.0
6.2
2.0
5.0
6.0
9.0
8.0
3.0
4.0
7.3
7.1
5.3
9.0
7.0
2.3
7.3
6.1
&5
6.9
&3
7.0
5.0
7.4
6.3
Num-
ber.
3,731
Noiulaveholding.
WhlU.
Per rent lunlUe* ot each
< lui form of all lamlllta.
161
99
214
88
3,169
4,075 j
241
155
107
56<
77
129
115
95
166
106
148
179
231
75
160
170
73
202
167
144
62
30
101
303
132
2,896
9,284
144
123
93
552
103
213
63
252
2,137
1C6
133
9«9
854
N'lim-
li.rof
fi Mi-
nes.
3,696
160
95
210
87
3,144
4,059
241
155
107
55
77
127
lis
96
166
106
148
175
224
75
160
209
209
127
127
150
149
110
110
146
146
170
73
202
167
144
62
30
101
203
131
2,897
9,082
143
120
92
649
97
209
60
250
2,106
105
133
945
843
Numlwr of
membera.
Total.
21,912
850
559
1,140
438
18,925
23,023
Aver-
age per
funlly.
1,451
729
709
326
415
661
733
594
962
026
979
1,346
418
1,016
1,252
752
735
60S
1,009
386
1,149
1,030
851
347
169
625
1,253
720
16,315
49,822
841
683
553
2,732
452
1,099
340
1,290
9,430
873
770
6,335
3,712
1 Includes families of Indians taxed.
7.9 2.061 1 2,011 12,814
• Not retumi'd by townshlpa.
5.3
5.9
5.4
5.0
6.0
6.0
4.7
6.6
5.9
5.4
S.2
0.4
&3
H.S
5.9
6u0
5.6
6.0
5.6
6.0
6.0
5.9
4.9
5.6
&I
5.9
5.3
5.7
6l2
5.9
5.6
5.6
6.2
6.2
5.5
SUvehoMInc
Free
eo|.
ond.i
35
While, col- WhIU. , col
5.3
5.7
5.8
5.6 I
I I,
16
5.5 202
5.9 1
5.7 2
6.0 1
5.0 ' 3
4.7 e
5.2 3
4.5 SI
5.3 I
34
6.4 U
l.«
L3
4.S
1.8
a«
as
8.7
a9
a?
■i.'7
as
as
1.S
1.6
3.3
2.0
1. 6
3.1
as
3.7
&6
3.1
2.7
1.4
S.1
a7
1.4
3.1
LS
ored.i
(•)
(•)
ai
NomlaT*-
boldliic.
Free
Total
Dum-
ber.
A rent*
Dumbtr
pef»laT»>
holdtnc
family.
'orad.>,
113
9K.2
94.1
•3.8 ;
98.9 I
97.4
4.0
1.1 'I.
as I
99.3 a4 I
100.0
99.4
100.0
9a2
loao;
918 1 1.5 I
99. 1 ''
100.0
loao
loao
2.2 i
3.0
99.3
97.8
95.3
loao
loao
99.5
loa 0
99 :t 0. 7
loao
loao
100. 0
ic
luu. u
9R.4
inn n
1(.
Ic ■
W. ^ u. 0
98.3 I <•) I
9S.6 Zl
S7
373
as
5.6 !
9ae
96.8
96.8
98.9
9a7
91.7
90.3
96.5 as
97.1 1.4
94.3 00
a7 ! 4
1.6 3
1. 1 I 6
6
7
•1.8
•ao
"ii"
•as
1.4
•ao
L4
27
> Lm* tban onv^antta of I prropni.
2.1
288
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table H4.-NUMBER OF FAMILIES EEPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLA,VEHOLDING AND NON-
SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES,
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued.
PENNSYLVANIA— Continued.
FAMILIES.
SLAVES.
Total
num-
ber.
1,494
3,944
2,813
Slaveholding.
Nonslaveholding.
.Per cent families of each
class form of all families.
Total
num-
ber.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Num-
ber.
White.
Num-
ber.
White
Free
col-
ored.!
Slaveholding.
Nonslave-
holding.
Average
number
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Free
col-
ored.i
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
White.
Free
col-
ored. 1
White.
Free
col-
ored.!
perslave-
1 olding
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Philadelphia county— Cont'd.
Philadelphia city—Cont'd.
Southern district (from
the south side of
Chestnut street to the
north si<le of South
street from the Dela-
ware to the Schuyl-
kill)
72
123
53
71
123
S3
559
875
349
7.9
7.1
6.6
1
1,422
3,821
2,760
1,300
3,820
2,721
8.S92
22,741
15,422
6.5
6.0
5.7
62
1
39
4.8
3.1
1.9
0.1
91.0
96.9
96.7
4.1
(»)
1.4
112
263
128
1.6
2.1
2.4
272
287
142
118
141
16
383
174
262
191
144
271
205
134
73
6,559
3
4
3
4
10
20
3.3
5.0
269
283
142
115
141
16
379
169
257
175
142
264
202
133
73
6,335
261
277
141
112
140
16
372
109
256
175
138
260
201
132
71
6,334
1,420
1,591
721
607
777
93
2.156
1,006
1,524
951
768
1,513
1,218
697
382
34,692
5.4
5.7
5.1
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.8
6.0
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
5.3
5.4
5.5
8
6
1
3
1
1.1
1.4
96.0
96.5
99.3
94.9
99.3
100.0
97.1
97.1
97.7
91.6
95.8
95.9
98.0
98. 5
97.3
96.6
2.9
2.1
0.7
2.5
0.7
5
6
1.7
1.5
Fairfield
3
3
21
7.0
2.5
8
2.7
4
5
5
16
2
7
3
1
4
5
5
16
2
7
3
1
31
44
39
87
19
51
20
7
7.8
8.8
7.8
5.4
9.5
7.3
6.7
7.0
7
"'i'
4
4
1
1
2
1
1.0
2.9
1.9
8.4
1.4
2.6
1.5
0.7
1.8
"6.'4"
3.8
1.5
0.5
0.7
3.7
6
9
17
49
4
14
9
1
1.5
Mount l^leasant
1.8
3.4
Rostraver
3.1
2.0
2.0
Unity
3.0
1.0
Wheatlield . -
York county
224
224
1,458
6.5
3.4
503
3.3
295
239
253
230
128
210
297
254
402
214
178
220
262
250
257
388
829
1,653
12
5
12
5
73
17
6.1
3.4
283
234
253
216
126
204
290
248
402
211
163
210
260
247 '
254
373
809
1,546
283
234
253
216
126
204
290
248
402
311
169
210
260
247
254
373
808
1,546
1,655
1,439
1,461
1,173
709
1,110
1.004
1,354
2.303
1.127
855
1,141
1.405
1,406
1.314
1,812
4,460
8,564
6.5
6.1
5.8
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.1
5.4
5.4
5.7
5.2
4.9
5.5
5.5
4.1
2.1
95.9
97.9
100.0
93.9
98.4
97.1
97.6
97.6
100.0
98.6
94.9
95.5
99.2
98.8
9S.8
96.1
97.5
93.5
27
12
3.3
Codonis
3 4
14
2
6
7
6
14
2
6
7
6
78
15
36
40
36
5.6
7.5
6.0
5.7
0.0
1
::::::;
1
6.i
1.6
2.9
2.4
2.4
43
7
11
13
12
Hellam.
3 5
1 8
Manch>^5ter.
1 9
3
9
10
2
3
3
15
20
107
3
9
10
2
3
3
15
20
107
18
46
59
13
30
23
109
HS
717
6.0
5.1
5.9
6.5
10.0
7.7
7.3
7.4
6.7
1
1
1.4
5.1
4 5
0.1
4
25
15
8
3
10
30
38
245
Readint;
•5 8
Shrewsbury
1.5
4.0
1.0
3.3
3.0
1.9
2.3
0.8 1
1 2
Windsor
York
1.2
3.9
2.4
6.5
York borough ....
HuntinEton, Manallon,
Manheiin, and Tyrone . . .
Berwick, Cumberland,
Franklin, Germany,
Hamiltonban, Heide"!-
berK, Mount Pleasant.
Mountjoy, and Straban...
MARYLAND.
The state
33,294
12,226
12,142
71,168
5.9
84
21,008
19,870
109,577
5.5
1,198
30.5
0.3
59.7
3.6
'103,036
7.S
Allegany county 5
258
10, 130
5,877
Ann- Arundel county
2,122
3,497
1,096
1.039
1,084
1.029
5,672
6,553
5.3
6.4
12
1,026
2,468
962
2,400
4,910
13,595
5.1
5.7
64
68
51.1
29.4
0.6
45.3
68.6
3.0
1.9
9.2
5.7
Back River hundred
287
241
255
2,714
1,727
135
83
78
733
389
135
83
78
733
388
859
535
480
4,679
2,601
6 4
6.4
6,2
6.4
6.7
1
152
158
177
1,981
1,338
140
157
177
1,926
1,293
682
975
1.099
10, 839
6,704
4.9
6.2
6.2
5.6
5.2
13
1
45
47.0
34.4
30.6
27.0
23.5
0.1
48.8
65.1
09.4
71.0
74.9
4.2
0.4
■ "2.0"
2.6
1,052
358
410
4,057
1,255
4.305
7.8
4. J
5.3
5.5
3.2
Two Deleware hundreds ...
County not separated
Baltimore town and precincts..
Calvert county 5
1 Includes families of Indians taxed.
2 Not returned by townships.
3 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
* Includes 11,633 slaves not distributed in fainiiies.
* Schedules destroyed, therefore no detail can be given.
GENERAL TABLES.
289
DISTRICT, COUNTY, AND TOWN.
Caroline county.
Cecil county
Back Creek hundred
Bohemia hundred
Bohemia Manor hundred.
Charles town
East Nottingham
Elk Neck hundred
Middle Xec k hundred
North Mllfor.l hundred....
North Sassafras hundred . . .
North Susquehannah hun-
dred
Octoraro hundred
South Milford hundred
South Susquehannah hun-
dred
West Nottingham hun-
dred
West Sassafras hundred
Charles county
Dorchester county.
Frederick county..
Harford county .'. . .
Kent county
Montgomeiy county . . .
Prince (ieorjjes county.
Queen Anns county
St. Marys county
Somerset t county • . .
Talbot county
Washington county.
Worcester county . . .
Total
num-
ber.
1,906
109
123
103
58
141
167
20
300
59
191
100
149
133
2,029
G54
4,377
2,039
1,299
2,077
1,820
1.579
1,527
1,425
2,445
1,419
-M A R YLAND-Contlnued.
Num-
ber.
539
37
84
51
10
21
45
10
76
27
43
26
14
26
19
50
1,221
296
678
586
781
933
9T8
828
892
Slaveholdlng.
651
2b9
642
White.
Num-
l>or of
fami-
lies.
417
538
Number of
members.
Total.
2,424
3.337
Aver-
age per
family.
6.8
6.2
37
84
51
10
21
45
10
75
27
43
26
14
26
19
SO
1,218
293
677
586
747
933
977
819
890
635
209
642
242
458
315
47
166
283
62
505
145
299
154
99
162
128
272
6,636
1,688
4,572
3,645
4,149
5.3S4
5.364
4.875
4,939
3,887
1,784
3,658
6.5
5 5
6.2
4.7
7.9
6.3
6 2
6.7
5.4
7.0
S.9
7.1
6.2
0.7
5.4
5.4
6.8
6.8
6.2
6.6
6.8
5.5
6.0
5.5
6.1
6.6
5.7
Free
col-
ored.!
34
16
Num-
ber.
B34
1,367
52
48
120
122
10
224
32
111
165
86
123
114
49
808
358
3,699
1,453
518
1,144
842
751
635
NooalavebokUiig.
White.
Num-
ber of
faml-
Ues.
861
1.175
774
2,176
777
65
35
49
42
114
114
8
212
30
104
45
85
116
110
46
680
334
3.681
1,312
432
1,111
833
651
597
2,165
757
Number of
menbefB.
ToUL
4,613
6,449
A»«r-
6.4
6.6
377
188
264
186
609
37
1,096
154
594
243
483
6S2
221
3,505
1,559
22.331
7,139
2,156
6,194
4,608
3,26«
3,246
3,303
12,031
3,966
6.8
5.4
5.4
4.4
6.0
5.3
4.6
6.2
6.1
5.7
5.4
5.7
6.4
6.2
4.8
5.2
4.7
6 1
6.4
6.0
5 6
6 5
5.0
5.4
6.3
5.6
6.2
Free
col-
ond.i|
73
192
120
1
4
8
128
24
18
141
86
33
9
100
148
11
20
Par ocnt bmllla of tmch
eitm form ot all lamUlM.
81aT«holdln(.
White.
28.2
33.9
68.3
49.6
17.2
14.9
269
50.0
25.0
45.8
27.9
13.6
14.0
17.4
14.3
50.6
60.0
44.8
15.6
28.7
67.6
44.9
63 7
52.4
68.3
44.6
U.O
46.2
Free
col-
ored.'
ai
0.3
0.1
0.6
2.6
0.1
0.6
0.1
Nooalare-
boldlnc
, Free
White, col-
ore«Li
61.7
61.6
6.4
10.1
Total
num-
ber.
2,aS7
3,4017
80. 9 I 4. 3 I
67.6
23.6
85.0
77.8
82.7
46.5
33.5
61 I
84.1
62.8
1.0
4.7
3 0
3.0
ICO
791
315
23
68
216
89
SI3
204
117
49
164
56
377
number
prrtlav^
holdlOt
lamUy.
64 3
33.3
6.0
|5.4^
6.030
53 5
4 -
1 fi
■' ' '
7,070
4,777
1,2M
3,836
43.9
88.6
63.3
10.4
0 4
1.4
NORTH CAROLHTA.
Thestate ! 48,701
Edenton district 6,829
1,415
583
376
176
793
626
649
798
708
70S
Fayette district 5,403
Bertie county
Camden county
Chowan, excluding Eden-
ton town
Edenton town
Currituck county
Gates county
Hertford county
Pasquotank county..
Perquimans county..
Tyrrell county
Anson county
Cumt)crland' county, ex-
cluding Fayettevilletown.
Fayt'itfviIlo"town
Moore count}'
R ieh mond eounty
Robeson county
Sampson county
1,066
280
639
829
866
934
Hallfa.x district 7,033
14,973 14,945 [87,121
2,917 2,915 15,920
607
201
205
108
267
344
359
299
322
215
1,229
Kdgecombe county
Franklin county
Halifa.Y eounty, including
Halifax town
Martin county
Nash county
Northampton county
Warren county
1 Includes families of Indians taxed.
> Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
1,259
491
802
388
1,417
734
794
277
862
328
1,109
583
800
459
313
110
88
142
163
239
3,260
606
201
205
108
256
344
359
299
322
215
.225
313
110
88
141
160
239
3.249
491
731
277
328
576
458
3.447
1,128
1,000
433
1,479
1,887
1,910
1,622
1,787
1,233
7,053
1,066
1,811
490
525
848
961
1,352
19,015
2,900
2,430
5.8! 28 'I 33,728 33.076 1178,077
6.6
4,259
1,607
2.0a3
2,979
2,747
6.7
6.6
4.9
4.0
6.8
6.5
6.3
6.4
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.1
5.8
4.6
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.7
5.9
6.3
6.8
5.8
6.4
5.2
6.0
3,912 :{ 3,783 I 17,666
171
68
636
282
290
499
386
490
782
377
171
68
616
268
269
481
381
490
4.074
615
606
753
760
170
161
551
650
687
679
703
660
695
666
3,773 1
3, COS
708 <
414 {'
683 |l
617 I
624 '
626'
341 11
757
409
630
603
510
464
.135
3,486
1,88*
760
130
2,663
1,193
1,259
2.165
1,733
2,398
20,940
6.4 I 662
4.6
6.0
4.4
2.2
6.1
4.5
4.9
4.6
4.6
4.9
3,196 j
3,6«« I
497 j
2,961
3.670
3,555
3,492
18.839
6.3
4.9
3.1
6.4
6.3
6.4
6.2
4,128
2,334
2,912
2,376
3.096
2,141
1,852
6.6
6.7
4.6
4.7
6.1
4.6
6.6
3a7 at
42 7 (•)
42.8
34.6
64. 6
61.4
32.3
56.0
55.3
37.6
45.6
3a6
22.7
22.1
29.4
39.3
13.8
17.0
18.5
26.6
46.2 a2
ai
ai
ai
ai
0.3
II
6
S3
14
14
02
6
39.0
48.4
51.6
34.9
3a5
61.9
67.3
a6
ai
66.3 I
64.7 I
.'..1 .•.
ca.6
77.1
7a4
67.6
86.1
M.9
76.3
71.3
100.783
1.6««
911
1.103
1 ^»3
1,156
6.673
as
3.2
a2 I
1.0 I
60 I
3.1
1.666
514
3n
683
6*8
1,177
I
51. J ' 2 3 25.629
«ai
61.0
44.6
63.4
69.9
41.8
41.9
»■' 1
i>.vn
1.8 '
1.839
1.6
2.008
S fi
4.414
08
4,713
■ ."ichedules destroyed. Iherelote no det»ll oin he flven.
• Includes S.969 skives not distributed In famlllea.
290
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 114 -NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SLAVEHOLDING AND NON-
SLAVEHOLDING, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITH THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF SLAVES,
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Coniinued.
NORTH CAROLINA— Continued.
FAMILIES.
8LA.VE3.
Total
num-
ber.
Slaveholding.
Nonslaveholding.
Per cent families of each
class form of all families.
Total
num-
ber.
DISTRICT, COUNTY, TOWN, AND
Num-
ber.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
Num-
ber.
Wllite.
Free
col-
ored.'
Slaveholding.
Nonslave-
holding.
Average
number
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
Num-
ber of
fami-
lies.
Number of
members.
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
White.
Free
col-
ored.'
perslave-
Holding
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
Total.
Aver-
age per
family.
3,721
84]
841
5.465
6.5
2,880
2,858
16,510
5.8
22
22.6
76.8
0.6
13,449
16.0
2,730
1,658
4,163
2,060
460
2,472
2,617
1,270
314
314
1,959
6.2
956
956
5,634
6.9
24.7
75.3
5.6
1,161
1,290
5,120
137
390
751
137
390
751
911
2,595
4,971
6.6
6.7
6.6
1,024
900
4,369
1,023
879
4,367
5,925
4,951
25, 712
5.8
5.6
5.9
1
21
2
ii.8
30.2
14.7
88. i
68.1
85.3
o.i
1.6
3.4
6.3
Morgan district
3.5
1,253
1,409
1,181
1,277
7,596
173
283
164
131
2,725
173
283
164
131
2,720
1,162
1,847
1,122
840
15,018
6.7
6.5
6.8
6.4
5.6
5
1,080
1,126
1,017
1,146
4.871
1.080
1,126
1,017
1,144
4,743
6.332
6,547
6,072
6,761
23,731
5.9
6.8
6.0
5.9
.6.0
128
13.8
20.1
13.9
10.3
35.8
0.1
86.2
79.9
86.1
89.6
62.4
"6.'2"
1.7
600
855
609
553
16,042
3.S
Lincoln county
3.0
3.7
4.2
5.9
Beaufort county
780
579
1,440
913
625
776
583
1,095
805
9,977
1,095
768
1,742
701
840
2,429
1,329
1,073
3,022
290
155
576
336
247
249
217
401
254
2,023
179
232
423
180
212
432
202
163
1,227
289
155
572
336
247
249
217
401
254
2.023
179
232
423
ISO
212
432
202
163
1.221
1,470
870
2,836
1,895
1,306
1.460
1,279
2,316
1,586
13,021
1,175
1.478
2,591
1,234
1,405
2,700
1,311
1,127
6,652
5.1
5.6
5.0
6.6
6.3
5.9
5.9
5.8
6.2
6.4
1
4
490
424
864
677
378
527
366
694
551
7.954
469
404
806
574
372
522
358
693
545
7,878
2,187
2,062
3.638
3,001
1,718
2,815
1,792
3,565
2,953
45,507
4.7
5.1
4.5
5.2
4.6
5.4
5.0
3.1
6.4
S.8
21
20
58
3
6
5
8
1
6
76
37.0
26.8
39.8
36.9
39.5
32.1
37.2
36.6
31.6
20.3
0.1
0.3
60.1
69.8
56.0
62.9
59.5
67.3
61.4
63.3
67.7
79.0
2.7
3.5
4.0
0.3
1.0
0.6
1.4
0.1
0.7
0.8
1,622
709
3,663
2,012
1,143
1.328
1,655
2,364
1,546
8,253
5.6
4.&
Craven county, including
6.4
6.0
Hyde county
4.6
5.3
Jones county
7.6
6.9
Wayne county
6.1
4.1
6.6
6.4
6.1
6.9
6.6
6.3
6.5
7.0
5.4
6
916
536
1,319
521
628
1,997
1,127
910
1,795
913
636
1,253
518
628
1,995
1.125
910
1,765
5,480
3,081
7,100
2,968
3,683
11,429
6,421
5,355
9,172
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.9
6.7
5.7
5.9
5.2
3
'"m
3
2
2
30
16.3
30.2
24.3
25.7
25.2
17.8
15.2
15.2
40.4
0.2
83.4
69.8
71.9
73.9
74.8
82.1
84.7
84.8
58.4
0.3
"i'.s
0.4
0.1
0.2
1.0
616
868
1,608
837
1,113
1,741
778
692
10,067
3.4
3.7
Mecklenburg county
Montgomery county
Rockingham county
Rowan county, including
Salisbury town
3.8
4.7
5.3
4.0
Stokes county
3.9
4.2
Wilmington district
8.2
Bladen county
634
318
723
626
721
237
116
255
341
278
237
U6
265
337
276
1,291
592
1,631
1,685
1.453
6.4
5.1
6.4
5.0
5.3
4
2
397
202
468
285
443
388
202
468
276
431
2,065
975
2,646
1.348
2,138
5.3
4.8
5.7
4.9
5.0
9
9
12
37.4
36.5
35.3
53.8
38.3
0.6
0.3
61.2
63.5
64.7
44.1
59.8
1.4
1.4
1.7
1,686
1,511
1,386
3,737
1,747
7.1
13.0
5.4
New Ilanovor county, in-
cluding Wilmington town.
11.0
SOUTH CAROLINA.
The state
25,872
8,859
8,798
48,097
5.5
61
17,013
16,754
92,310
5.5
259
34.0
0.2
64.8
1.0
107,094
15. 1
Beaufort district
962
5,074
578
1,369
570
1,367
2,746
8,283
4.8
6.1
2
2
384
3,705
364
3,083
1,584
21,101
4.4
5.7
20
22
59.9
26.9.
0.2
37.8
72.6
2.1
0.4
14,236
8,865
24 6
Chester county.
1,041
400
330
1,048
861
480
914
3,709
230
170
79
254
222
187
227
2,538
230
170
79
254
221
186
227
2,487
1,447
1,129
484
1,520
1,282
945
1,476
10,959
6.3
6.6
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.1
6.5
4.4
......
1
51
811
230
251
794
639
293
687
1,171
810
230
251
794
632
279
687
1,054
4,463
1,362
1,398
4,498
3,685
1,537
4,158
4,249
5.5
5.9
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.5
6.1
4.0
1
•■-j-
14
117
22.1
42.5
23.9
24.2
25.8
38.8
24.8
67.1
"o.i'
0.2
1.4
77.8
57.5
76.1
75.8
73.4
58.1
75.2
28.4
0.1
■■6.-8-
2.9
3.2
938
2,110
602
1,485
1,370
1,437
923
50,633
4 1
Clareniion county
7 6
Fairfield county..
5 8
Richland county
7 7
York coimty
41
20.0
Charleston district
Berkley county .
186
187
236
144
112
503
112
119
123
176
140
114
106
277
93
83
119
176
140
113
106
270
92
81
495
503
746
474
351
1, 1.57
347
337
4.2
3.2
5.3
4.2
3.3
4.3
3.8
4.2
4
......
......
1
2
63
11
96
30
6
226
19
36
48
10
95
29
6
198
19
30
196
21
506
95
19
976
92
100
4.1
2.1
5.3
3.3
3.2
4.9
4.8
3.3
15
1
1
1
"is
......
64.0
94.1
59.3
78.5
94.6
53.7
82.1
68.1
2.2
"a'?'
"i.'4'
0.9
1.7
25.8
5.3
40.3
20.1
5.4
39.4
17.0
25.2
8.1
0.5
0.4
0.7
"5.6
"5.0'
5,170
4,705
3,022
2,377
2,546
10,338
2,333
3,345
41.2
36.7
21.6
20.9
24.0
37.4
25.1
40.3
Dorchester county
Christ Church parish
St. Bartholomes parish
St. James Goose Creek
parish
St. James Santee parish
' Includes families of Indians ta.\cd.
^Schedules destroyed, therefore no detail can be given.
5 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
GENERAL TABLRS.
291
Table 114.-NUMBER OF FAMILIES REPORTED AT THE FIRST CENSUS, CLASSIFIED AS SUVVEHOLDING AND NON-
SLA\EU0L1)IXG, WHITE, AND FREE COLORED, TOGETHER WITUTOETOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OFSLAVES
BY COUNTIES AND MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-CouUnueU.
SOUTH CAROLilNA-Contlniwd.
rAMtUBS.
■LATCa.
Total
num-
ber.
BUToboIdlng.
NomUireholdlnc.
Per crat tenllles o( each
oUb focm of *U hiiiUk*.
Toul
mur
bu
DISTRICT, COVNTY, AND PARISH.
Num-
ber.
62
1,220
49
95
382
842
White.
Num-
ber.
White.
Frae
col-
orad.i
Slavoholdlnf.
NofUlttTf^
hotdlnf.
AlWM»
Num-
ber of
fiunl-
Ues.
Number of
mem ben.
Frw
col-
ond.i
Num-
ber of
faml-
Number of
memben.
White.
Fl«.
col-
ond.i
While.
col-
«nd.>
_^„-j .
Aver-
Total. { age per
family.
Total.
Aver-
famUy.
Charleston district— Cont'd.
St. Pauls parish
65
1,866
57
122
1,344
1,837
61
1,185
49
95
382
842
207
5,763
198
321
2,284
4.224
Z.*
4.9
4.0
3.4
6.0
5.0
1
35
3
646
8
27
962
995
3
681
8
1 "
952
976
9
2,132
27
76
5,192
4,801
3.0
8.7
3.4
2.8
6.6
4.9
86
10
19
918
63.6
86.0
77.9
2&4
48.5
L5
1.9
4.6
31.1
14.0
32.1
n.»
63.1
3.5
a7
1.0
3.202
7.684
2.606
3.4(16
3,229
, 13, 131
6L6
6.3
St. Phillips and St. Mich-
aels parish
St. Stephens parish
St. Thomas parish
61.1
36.S
Cheraw district
8.6
Georgeto^vn district
16.6
All Saints parish
Prince Fredericks parish....
Prince Georges parish
Ninety-six district
95
718
1,024
10, .578
64
380
398
2.41S
64
380
398
2,418
28S
1,900
2,035
15,470
4.5
5.0
5.1
6.4
31
338
626
8,160
30
333
613
8,112
136
I,.5I2
3,153
46,869
4.6
4.6
6.1
6.8
1
6
13
48
07.4
62.9
38.9
22.9
31.6
40.4
69.9
76.7
1.1
a7
1.3
a6
1.795
4.685
6,661
i 11.068
3a.o
12.3
18.7
4.8
.Vbbevillc county
Edgefield county
1,338
1,751
%4
1,394
1,377
1,433
1,264
1,057
2,368
331
599
162
300
302
251
242
231
732
331
599
162
300
302
251
242
231
726
2.040
3.627
1.090
1,988
1.874
1,687
1,643
1,520
4,131
6.2
6.1
6.7
6.6
6.2
6.7
6.8
6.6
6.7
6
1 1,007
1,152
802
1,094
1,075
1,182
1,022
826
1,636
998
1,123
801
1,090
1,073
1,183
1,019
826
1,613
6.428
5,962
4.808
6,221
6,283
7,074
6.159
4,934
8,614
6.4
6.3
S.0
6.7
6.9
6.0
6.0
&0
6.3
9
29
1
4
2
""i
23
24.7
34.2
16.8
21.6
21.9
17.6
19.1
21.9
ia7
a3
74. •
64.1
83 1
78.2
77.9
82.6
80.6
78.1
68.1
0.7
1.7
0.1
as
ai
"a 2'
1.0
1.666
1 3,619
606
1,130
t 1.144
8S4
1 (86
1 1.216
1 s,«n
6.0
6.0
Greenville county
3.7
Laurens county
Newberry county
3.7
IS
3.3
Spartanburgh county
Union county
Orangeburgh diitrict
S.0
6.3
&1
1,290
1,078
473
259
473
253
2,560
1,571
6.4
6.2
■■■«■
817
819
817
796
4,161
4.353
6.1
6.6
"23'
36.7
23.6 a6
63.3
73.8
"ii"
i 4,629
1.402
li
South part
6.4
> Includes families of Indians taxed.
292
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GRO^VTH.
Table 115 -SLAYEHOLDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD, BY COUNTIES AND
MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
RHODE ISLAND.
Total
number
of slave-
holding
families.
NDMBER OF FAMILIES
HOLDING—
COUNTT AND TOWN.
Total
number
of slave-
holding
families.
NtTMBEK or FAMILIES
HOLDING—
COUNTY A\D TOWX.
1 slave.
2to4
slaves.
5 to 9
slaves.
1 slave.
2 to 4
slaves.
5 to 9
slaves.
The state
123
97
24
2
Rockingham county— Continued.
2
5
1
2
21
3
18
2
5
2"
1
1
1
5
2
5
1
1
1
5
2
1
17
1
! i-
1 '
1 13
16
14
2
Epping
Charlestown
I
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
13
1
9
Greenland
Hampstead
Cornish
Hinsdale
2
Hampton
Hawke
Londonderry
New Grantham
London
Newlngton
4' ......v.
Newtown
Northwood
Nottingham
2
Pem brook
1
4
Poplin
Portsmouth
Rye
Salem
Stratham
Windham
Strafford county
Grafton county
4
1 1
1 !
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
76
61
1
Hanover
i
1
3 2
Haverhill
Bamstead
Dover
Durham
Effingham
\
\
1
5
i'
1
1
1
2
1
'
n^nM
1
1
1 2
1
15
)
!
1
1
4
1
1
Tamworth
\" '
461
255
160
146
Newport county — Continued.
Tiverton
13
54
6
36
7
17
53
30
18
5
1
8
34
H
32
5
20
5
21
3
10
5
7
4
1
4
7
3
1
3
4
29
3
4
142
4
2
1
3
3
19
1
3
74
3
1
Foster
1
9
2
1
46
4
8
16
4
180
3
5
11
2
94
1
3
2
1
72
1
3
1
114
Smithlield
West Greenwich
Washington county
22
Charlestown
Exeter
4
24
6
42
2
60
4
1
18
5
20
2
25
3
2
5
1
17
8
12
8
20
109
10
4
5
3
11
69
6
4
7
5
5
41
3
1
llopkinton
North Kingstown
MiddletoviTi
5
4
19
1
Richmond
South Kingstown
Westerly
Newport
21
14
1
1 Includes 1 family holding 13 slaves.
CONNECTICUT.
COXTNTY AND TOWN.
The state...
Fairfield county .
Brookfield...
Danbury
Fairfield
Greenwich...
Huntington..
New Fairfield
Newtown
Norwalk
Stamford
Reading
Rldgeficld
Total
number
of slave-
holding
families.
1,563
NT7MBER OF FAMHIES HOLDING —
1 slave.
2to4
slaves.
5 to 9
slaves.
10 to 19
slaves.
9S0
299
505
66
112
150
20
1
1
14
50
35
40
9
33
37
15
5
1
4
37
12
23
9
2
4
13
27
4
1
2
1
1
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Fairfield county— Continued.
Stratford
Weston
Hartford county .
Berlin
Bristol
East Hartford.
East Windsor..
Enfield
Farmlngton . . .
Glastenbury...
Hartford
Simsbury
1 Includes 1 family holding 28 slaves.
Total
number
of slave-
holding
families.
NUMBER OP FAMILIES HOLDING —
1 slave.
101
2 to 4
slaves.
5 to 9
slaves.
10
10 to 19
slaves.
GENERAL TABLES. 293
T.B.. 115.-SLAVEH0LDING FAMILIES CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES IIKI.D HV rr.rVTT-. . . v^
MINOR nvi I, DIVISIONS: 1790-Contin.ie.l.
,_ CONNECTICUT— ContlniMd.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
Total
numlM-r
o( slavo-
holding
families.
Hartford county— Continued.
Soiilhington
Sufliold
Wcthorsllcld
Windsor
Litchfield county
Bcthlem ,
Cornwall
Harwinton ,
Kent
Lltchndd
New Mil ford
Southbury
Warren
WashinRton
WatertowQ
Woodbury
Middlesex county
Chatham
East IlaUdam
Haddam
Killln^'orth
MIddlctown
Saybrook
New Ilaven county
Rranford
Cheshire
Derby
Durham
East Ilavtn •
Guilford
Hamden
g
14
37
9
lis
12
10
3
5
60
24
241
29
9
23
7
20
23
4
NTTMBER or rAWUU UOLDIKO—
1 slave.
2to4
slaves.
4 to 9
slaves.
10 to 19
slaves.
8
1
4
13
2
41
8
3
'•1
1
6
70
3
4
9
3
2
1
21
«
2
1
1
2
2
38
1
3
1A
S
1
1
2
1
5
4
1
7
2
1
7
71
4
1
9
3
3
6
1
3
2
3
20
9
73
36
15
3
1
ISl
13
4
19
10
3
8
2
7
2
A
11
1
1
4
1
3
11
21
1
4
rOlTJTy AND TOWN.
Total
numU-r
I ximBEK or rAMiuu iiolduo—
New Uavcn county— Contlourd.
Mlllord
New Haven city
North ilavro
Wallincford '.'.
Wat*Tl)ury
WooilbrldKO \
New liOndon county '
Tolland county
Dollon
Coventry . .
Ellington..
Hebron
Soraers
StafTord
Tolland
I'nion
WllllnKton.
Windham county.
\shford
Drooklyno..
Canterbury.
Hampton. ..
Kllllncley...
Lebanon
Mansfleld...
rialnDtld...
Pomfn-t
Thom|>son..
Voluntown.,
Windham...
Woodstock..
4^
4S
4
IP
4
»
329
as
2
4
■lave.
K
27 I
9 \
27 I
3
3
3
II
3
3
<
2to4
slavoB.
Sla9 10 to 19
slavfs. ilavM.
' Not returned by towns.
Includes 1 family holdlnic 28 slaves.
NEW YORK.
COUNTY AND TOWN.
The State
Albany county
Albany city
First ward
Second ward
Third ward
Ballstown
Cambridge
CatskiU
Coxsackie
Duanesburgh
Easton
Freehold
Halfmoon
Iloosick
Pittstown
Uensselacrvillo
Rensselaerwtck
Saratoga
Schaghticoko
Schenecta-iv
Schenecta.ly (south of
the Mohawk)
Schoharie
Stephcntown
Stillwater
Walervlict
Island in the river not
included in any town. .
Clinton coimty
Champlain
PlaH-sburph
Wellsburgh
Columbia county
Canaan
Claverack
76292—09—
Total
number
of
slave-
holding
fam-
Uies.
1,474
332
140
88
104
35
23
143
5
12
5
55
17
15
11
171
19
47
27
141
55
10
27
236
1
6
2
3
1
528
23
109
KUMDEK or PAMIUES HOLDINO —
1
slave.
3,088
422
2 to 4
slaves.
5 to 9
slaves.
2,867 1,165
428
2
{I
218 I
IS
33
1
202
197
10 to to 20 to 49
slaves, slaves.
181
23
33
Cn-
known
slaves.
404
57
COUNTY AND TiiWN.
Total I
number
of ,
sliive.
inniBni or rAuiur-i iiouiinu-
Columbla county— Cont'd
Clermont
fiermontown
Hlllsilale
Hudson
Klnderhook
Livingston
Dutchess county
Amenta
Beokman
Clinton
FlshklU
Fre<leriekstown
Northeast
Pawling
Phllipstown
Pougnkecpsle
Rhinel»-ck
Southeast
Wastiington
Kings county .
Brooklyn
Ilushwick
Flathush
Flatlands
Omveaend
New I'trecbL
Montgomery county
Canaloharle
Caugnnawatn
Chemung.
Oerman Flotis..
HorwrsOeld
Herkimer
Mohawk
Otspgo
37
16
30
03
174
88
670
22
46
•7
195
36
33
20
12
80
131
6
32
104
49
73
32
31
44
IS
7
14
27
SO
45
381
2 to 4 S to 9 lOUi
sla%'es. siaves-t Slav,
366
II
13
34
75
II
12
8
3
43
50
3
14
I3B
35 I
15
13
4
6
5
3
13
2
II
43
3
4
3
I
7
37
1
3
113
6
Mi-
I
»
1
s
..I 34
■i '■
'\ t
ji
I
20
294 A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
T , ,5 SLAVEHOLDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD, BY COUNTIES AND
Table 116.-SLAVEHOLD1WG lAMii. ^^,^^^ ^^^^^^ DIVISIONS: 1790-ContiDued.
NEW YORK— Continued.
COtJNTV AND TOWN.
I
Total !
number:
of
slave-
holding
fam-
ilies.
Montgomery rounty— Con.
Palatine
Whites
New York city and county.
New York city
Dock ward
East ward
Montgomery ward . .
North ward
Out ward
South ward
Westward
Harlem division
1,115
Ontario county...
Canandaigua.
Erwin
Genesee
Orange county.
Goshen
Haverstraw —
Minisink
New Cornwall.,
Orange
Warwick
Queens coimty.
Flushing
Jamaica
Newtown
North Hempstead.
Oyster Bay
South Hempstead. ,
1,067
115
235
210
154
130
58
165
48
NUMBER OF FAMnJES HOLDING—
1
slave.
2 to 4
slaves.
553
87
114
21
62
78
53
Richmond county .
Castleton..
Northflcld.
Southfield.
Westfield..
Sutlolk county .
Brookhaven . . .
Easthampton.
Huntington...
Isllp
104
S5
141
152
159
134
238
543
54
107
126
75
71
30
80
10
5 to 9
slaves.
28
461
54
112
76
74
50
25
70
18
10 to 19 20 to 49
slaves
slaves
Un-
known
slaves.
42
58
9
25
26
35
312
103
43
102
35
47
9
28
42
16
289
156
COIINTV AND TOWN.
Sufiolk county— Continued.
Shelter Island
Smith town
Southampton
Southold
Total
number
of
slave-
holding
fam-
ilies.
Ulster county .
Hurley
Kingston
Mamakating
Marblotown
Middletown
Montgomery
New Marlborough.,
New Paltz
New Windsor
Newburgh
Rochester
Schwangunk
Wallkill
Woodstock
Washington county .
.\rcyle
Queensbury .
Salem
Weiitfield
Whitehall...
Westchester county .
Bedford
Cortlandt
Eastchester...
Greenburgh...
Harrison
Mamaroneck . .
Morrisania
Mt. Pleasant . .
New Roche He.
North Castle..
North Salem..
Pelham
Eye
Salem
Scarsdale
Stenhen
Westchester..
White Plains.
Yonkers
York
PENNSYLVANIA.
The state
Allegheny county
Elizabeth
Pitt
Plum
Versailles
That part of Allegheny
county taken from
Washhigton county. .
Bedford county i
1,858
Berks county .
.\mity
Bern
Brunswick and Man-
helm
Caernarvon
Douglass
Earl
Exeter
Heidelberg
Hereford
Oley
Reading borough
Richmond
Robeson
Tulpehockcn
Union
Bucks county •
134
Chester county.
Charlestown
Coventry
East Cain
East Nautmill
East Nottingham . .
East Town.'
East Whiteland
FallowQeld
Goshen
Honeybrook
Kennet
London Britain
Londonderry
Londongrove
New Garden
New London
Oxford
Sadsbury
Tredlffrin
Uwchland
Vincent
West Marlborough .
West Nantmill
West Nottingham.
West Whiteland...
Cumberland cotmty.
51
90
93
878
56
210
15
89
4
97
23
78
42
28
76
102
47
11
Hopewell
Newton
Tyborn
Westpensboro
Eastern portlonof county
NUMBER OF FAMIUES HOLDING —
1
slave.
2 to 4
slaves.
5 to 9
slaves.
302
11
66
5
16
3
38
9
20
23
14
23
39
26
10 to 19 20 to 49
slaves, slaves.
Un-
known
slaves.
5
1
5
2
1
250
199
2 !.
8 1.
1 1
4
1
6
4
2
3
3
5
88
117
60
53
35
_..l
1
1
1
i'
2
1
5
1
2
o"
4
1
2
1
3
3
3
2
1
7
4
4
3
4
1
6
6
1
.......
1
1
1
2
61
2
1
1
50
21
29
6
33
28
3
3
1 Not returned by townships.
GENERAL T.\BLES. .,95
X„„ „..-S^V.HO.O.»0 --"-----» ««-.^0^T^2S ^"- "-"■ - "--- -■>
PENNSYLVANIA-Contlnued.
1 Total
numbei
. of
1 siavo-
holdini
fam-
Uies.
mmBEB or rAinuES holdiho—
COtniTT A.M. T..W ■,.
1
1 ■
lin.-'
Ules.
■n
MTiBiB or raMoiu holmn
COUNTY AND TOWN.
1
slave.
2 to 4
slaves
5to9
. slaves
1 1
10tol9'20to49 .£"•
. slaves, slaves. '^^
1
wave.
..;.:.
-,' Uo.
"known
Harrlshurch town
L**bauon town
12
1
79
Z4
6
""43
lA
31
5
1
28
6
7
1
6
2
2
2
Northampton county— Con.
Fork?
Lower Mount llelbeL..
Ix>wer Smilhfleld
Macun^>
Towami'nslnk
Upper Mount Bethel
48
•_;;.
Remainder of county...
3
1
1
1
1
32
3
Delaware county
Bethel
Binn Ingham
Concord
Darby
1
4
1
2
1
4
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
100
1
4
2
i
f.'ppcr .--'milhfleld
Northumberland county i. .
II
S
Haverford
Middletown
Newtown
Radnor
Ridley
i'
1
1
2
1
i'
1
1
41
3
1
1
::.:■;
Blarkley
BrUtol
BylxTT)-
G^ermontown town
4
3
3
3
4
IS
2
7
32
»
1
U
18
34
72
123
S3
4
1
3
3
1
2
1
3
8
5
3
4
4
Sprlngncld
Tlnicura
Upper Chichester
Upper Providence
1
1
Lower Dublin
Manor of M'>rrlun<l
Moyiimi'tiiim; and I'fts-
syunk
Northern Liberties town.
Oxford
RoxborouKh
6
17
6
1
10
12
21
44
68
2S
1
13
3
S
A
8
28
41
17
Fayette county
niiiicttn
43
13
2
1
2
1
I—
Franklin
GeorKos
17
3
2
7
20
13
6
13
14
163
9
2
1
......
7
6-
4
95
8
1
1
4
6
2
4
6
7
S3
Roulhwark
Phlla<lt>h<hlacltT:
Nortlum district
(betwtvn Vinrand
Kaco stnvts from
the Kt'lawirr to
tlii^Sthnylklll) ...
Mlddli-dUlrtiKf.'-om
the north sl<l(» of
Chestnut strii't to
the south sld'- of
Rat-e strwt from
the Pflawarp to
thrfN'huylkilD...
Southern district
(.from the south
side of (heslnul
str*-*" '■' ''■'■ "-'■•h
Sid.' ■ I
froi:.
toll,. ...,.....„..;>.,
Washington county 1
Westmoreland county
A miittrong
German
Luzerne
3
2
3
2
1
1
15
Menallen
SnrinKhill
1
Union
Washington
1
1
Franklin county
75
8S
24
193
46
49
14
107
21
32
8
79
8
7
2
7
Hamilton
1-etterkenjiey
Montgomery
Peters
Remainder of county
Huntingdon county 1
Lancaster county
13
11
3
Bart
5
11
4
13
11
1
2
1
1
37
11
19
1
3
12
«
8
8
32
6
3
7
39
8
31
72
5
3
1
3
6
1
i'
1
23
6
8
1
1
4
1
5
5
24
6
4
25
4
2
9
5
2
1
1
Donegal
3
4
3
4
S
5
16
2
7
a
1
224
3
3
1
3
4
3
6
s'
1
1
133
1
1
1
3
i'
S
3
4
Dnimore
Pprry
Earl
Fairfleld
i
Elizabeth
Hemftneld
2
1
3
6
I^ampeter
North Huntingdon
Lancaster
Lancaster borough
14
5
10
Salem
South lIuntlngdoD
Unity
Little Britain
1
3
Martick
1
8
3
3
3
8
1
York c^ii^'y
71
3>
1
May town
1 '
Chanwford
Rapho
12
S
14
2
«
7
6
3
9
10
2
3
3
15
30
8
3
7
4'
S
3
3
i
«
1
3
1
10
11
S5
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
4
3
Codorus
Fawn
Hellam...
Hopewell
SaMsburv
«
1
Wanvlck
2
3
10
1
8
i
2
2
rari<lii«'
Mifflin county
Rea<line
1
That portion south of the
3
22
47
3
7
22
2
WafTlngton
Windsor
2
3
York
1
S
S
S7
1
8
1
York li->rouKh
n«tr
il
Bit
Fr
II
d>-
Uouut I'liuijut, and
Stnboo
— 1
2
2
10
S8
16
2
4
41
12
2
1
6
14
3
14 1
Remainder of county
Northampton county
3
I
1
'•*****
1
i
1
5
1
1
1 II
■ Not rctuiDcd by townships.
296
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 115.-SLAVEH0LDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD, BY COUNTIES AND
MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued.
MARYLAND.
Total
number
of slave-
holding
families.
NUMBER OF FAMILIES HOLDING—
COUNTY, TOWN, AND HUNDRED.
1 slave.
2to4
slaves.
5 to 9
slaves.
10 to 19
slaves.
20 to 49
slaves.
50 to 99
slaves.
100 to 199
slaves.
200 to 299
slaves.
300 slaves
and over.
Un-
known
slaves.
The State
12,226
2,841
3,617
2,807
1,796
713
96
16
3
1
336
1,096
1,029
146
304
216
305
221
232
158
126
86
39
13
3
4
1
i
251
Baltimore county
19
135
83
78
733
389
29
25
14
236
154
37
34
36
198
178
34
16
15
167
51
27
11
81
5
8
1
2
28
1
3
1
19
418
639
126
146
149
172
87
132
43
57
12
29
1
3
Cecil county
37
84
51
10
21
46
10
76
27
43
26
14
26
19
50
1,221
296
678
586
781
933
978
828
892
9
16
8
5
9
17
1
24
8
14
7
7
6
7
8
247
72
214
148
142
203
156
•180
199
13
19
18
4
9
13
3
32
4
10
8
3
13
8
15
317
99
234
194
219
257
265
230
265
13
23
14
1
3
11
6
12
8
12
7
3
2
3
16
295
58
129
150
192
277
208
209
204
2
16
9
8
2
2
3
1
1
2
3
6
6
4
1
4
1
3
1
8
243
43
73
71
125
169
197
140
149
2
4
107
24
26
20
38
35
122
58
CI
1 .
11
1
1
3
1
2
24
9
12
1
64
4
2
1
2
1
661
269
642
181
90
133
195
98
224
136
55
171
97
20
90
29
4
22
9
2
2
2
2
1 Schedules destroyed.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Total
number
of slave-
holding
families.
NUMBER OF FAMIUES HOLDING—
DISTRICT, COUNTY, AND TOVTO.
1 slave.
2 to 4
slaves.
6 to 9
slaves.
10 to 19
slaves.
20 to 49
slaves.
60 to 99
slaves.
100 to 199
slaves.
200 to 299
slaves.
Un-
known
slaves.
The state
14,973
4,040
4,959
3.375
1,788
701
90
n
2
7
Edenton district
2,917
703
961
684
399
154
10
2
1
3
607
201
205
108
257
344
359
299
322
216
1,229
109
53
38
30
74
91
76
86
88
58
412
185
69
68
39
89
98
120
100
110
83
408
163
46
49
18
71
82
78
64
67
46
265
98
28
30
11
18
53
61
40
41
20
114
49
5
17
4
5
21
24
7
15
7
28
3
Camdencounty
3
1
1
1
3
Currituck county
Gates county
Pasquotank countv
2
1
Perquimans county
Tyrrell county
1
Fayette district :
2
Anson county
174
313
110
88
142
163
239
55
92
35
28
52
72
78
49
102
42
31
61
66
77
51
74
18
19
26
26
51
16
36
11
8
11
8
24
3
8
4
2
1
1
9
Cumljorland county, excluding FayetteviUe town
1
Moore county
1
Robeson countv
Sampson county
GENERAL TABLES.
297
Table 116.-SLAVEII0LDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDIxNG TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD UY fOLNTIKS AND
MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790-Conlinued.
NORTH CAROLINA— Coollnoad.
DISTKK T, COUNTY, AND TOWN.
Halifax district.
F>(Jgecorabe county
Franklin county
Halifax counly, Including liallfax town .
Martin counly
Nash county
Northampton county
Warren county
Hillsborough district. .
Chatham county..
Randolph county.
Wake county
Morgan district.
Rurico county
Lincoln county
Kutherford county.
Wilkes county
Newbem district.
Beaiifort county
Carteret county
Craven counly, including Newbem town.
Dobbs counly
Uydc county
Johnston county.
Jones county
Pitt county'.
Wayne county...
Salisbury district.
Guilford county
Iredell counly
Mecklenburg county.
Montgomery county.
Rockingham county
Rowan c-ounty, including Salisbury town.
Stokes counly
Surry county
Wilmington district.
niaden county
Bninswick county
Duplin counly
New Hanover county. Including Wilmington town.
Onslow counly
Total
number
of slave-
holding
famillos.
3,200
491
388
734
277
328
£83
iS»
841
314
137
781
173
283
1A4
131
2,725
280
155
576
336
247
249
217
401
254
2,023
179
232
423
180
212
432
202
163
1,227
237
IIB
255
341
278
NtmDKB or FAMILISa UOLDINQ—
1 Slave.
686
84
79
105
84
77
125
234
289
67
117
63
42
79
49
161
82
70
76
56
99
75
691
69
80
145
54
48
153
86
56
268
2to4
slaves.
i.ooe
186
116
178
86
117
189
130
292
106
48
138
63
»4
54
45
105
62
188
117
84
77
61
134
71
64
81
167
64
88
168
.59
60
390
81
33
84
103
89
5to9
slaves.
800
117
113
184
66
77
138
110
181
75
21
85
148
65
25
120
45
282
10 to 19
slaves.
478
78
61
124
27
42
85
71
29
14
73
35
19
36
32
59
38
136
2010 49 ' 50ta99 lOOIolM aooloS
Slaves, j slaves. I slaves. slava
243
25
27
«>
14 '
M ,
53
27
6 I
2
19
a
1
2
2
119
95
19
17
10
35
14
Un-
known
slavM.
35
1
2
16
I
SOUTH CAROUNA.
DISTRICT, COUNTY, AND PARISH.
The state.
Beaufort district.
Camden district..
Chester county
Ciaremont county.
Clarendon covmty.
Fairfield counly...
Lancaster county . .
Richland county..
York counly
Charleston district.
Berkley counly, St. Johns parish
Colleton county, St. Johns parish
Dorchester county, St. Georges parish.
Christ Church parish
Total
number
of slavo-
holdlng
families.
St. Andrews parish
St. Ban tiolomis parish
St. James Ooose Creek parish .
St. James Santec parish
8,859
578 I
230
170
TV
254
222
187
227
2.538
123
178
140
114
106
277
NtTMBKB or rAHIUES noLooo—
1 slave.
1,930
73
76
20
19
65
68
30
71
315
2to4
slaves.
2,603
Sto9
slaves.
1,853
91
471
51
39
24
65
39
33
4«
527
10 to 19
slaves.
1,201
158
20 to 49
slaves.
85S
50 to 99
slaves.
78
3
33
7
9
8
26
3
356
lie
100tal99 200tc.
slaves. sla\ <
16
.lift uver.
21
I fn-
knovn
slaves.
>' I
4
3 I
298
A CENTURY OF POPULATION GROWTH.
Table 115.
-SLAVEHOLDING FAMILIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SLAVES HELD, BY COUNTIES AND
MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1790— Continued.
SOUTH CAROLINA— Continued.
Total
number
of slave-
holding
families.
JJDMBEK OP FAMILIES HOLDING —
DISTRICT, COUNTY, AND PARISH.
1 slave.
2 to 4
slaves.
5 to 9
slaves.
10 to 19
slaves.
20 to 49
slaves.
50 to 99
slaves.
100 to 199
slaves.
200 to 299
slaves.
300 slaves
and over.
Dn-
known
slaves.
Charleston district— Continued.
62
1,220
49
95
382
842
2
219
3
7
92
125
8
398
3
17
113
182
6
321
4
9
87
195
13
244
5
22
48
162
19
38
11
16
34
133
7
5
1
1
15
13
6
32
8
8
1
10
3
1
Georgetown district
2
1
64
380
398
2,418
10
43
72
794
11
71
100
890
13
89
93
494
9
98
55
177
12
68
53
59
5
10
17
3
2
1
7
1
1
1
Ninety-six district
1
331
599
162
300
302
251
242
231
732
87
148
55
129
102
101
9.5
77
182
134
199
66
107
113
106
90
75
249
72
155
30
54
62
27
45
49
162
24
68
9
8
23
15
9
21
75
13
27
2
2
2
2
2
9
49
1
2
. .
1
Orangeburgti district
11
4 !
473
259
103
79
160
89
108
54
51
24
39
10
8
3
4
INDEX.
Adults of self-supportinfr age, nitio of, to
children, 103; for i)rin<;ipal countries,
104; for states and territories, 105.
Africa, per cent distribution of foreifin
population born in, 130; number born in.
226.
Age, classification used in First Census re-
turns, 93; method of obtaining propor-
tions used in this report, 93; white popu-
lation classified accordinc to sex and
94, 208.
Apriculture, rank as an industrj-, 26; acres
of improved land and value of farm prop-
erty, 145.
Albany, N. Y., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Allegheny, Pa., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Apportionment, congressional, primarj- ob-
ject of census taking, 2; changes in, during
the century, 92.
Area, in square miles, at First Census, 17, 51;
at each enumeration, 54, 145; growth in
population comi)ared with, 56.
Asia, foreign population bom in, 226.
Atlanta, (Ja., population at the First and at
the Twelfth Census, 78.
Austria, date of first census in, 2; increase
in population in nineteenth centurj', 85;
foreign population born in, 226. See also
Austria-Hungary.
Austria-Hungary, ratio of adults of self-sup-
porting age to children, 104; foreign
population born in, per cent distribution,
130; number, 226. Su also Austria
Baden, date of first census in, 2.
Baltimore, Md., preconstitutional popula-
tion, 11, 13; exports and imports, 30; pop-
ulation at the First and at the Twelfth
Census, 78; by color, 84.
Bancroft, Mr., estimates of colonial popula-
tion, 8; by color, 8; rule of increase of
population given by (note), 10.
Banks, names of those in existence in 1790,
21.
Bavaria, date of the first census in, 2.
Belgium, increase in population in nine-
teenth century, 86; rate of increase in, ap-
plied to native population in United
States, 90; foreign population bom in, per
cent distribution, 130: number, 226.
Birth, area of, compared with area of resi-
dence for native white population of
native parentage, 125, 126, 127.
Birth rate, changes in, 95.
Bohemia, foreign population bom in, 226.
Boston, Mass., preconstitutional popula-
tion, 11, 13; exports and imports, 30; pop-
ulation at the First and at the Twelfth
(Census, 78; by color, 84.
Boundaries, at First Census, 17.
Bridgeport, Conn.. po[)ulation at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Bridges, erection of, 21.
Brituih Board of Trade, enumeration of
population demanded by, 3.
British race, growth of population due to,
91.
Buffalo, N. Y., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Burnett, Governor, difficulties in making
colonial enumerations outlined, 3.
Cambridge, Ma.-w., population at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Camden, N. J., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Canada and Newfoundland, foreign popula-
tion born in, i>er cent distribution, |:10;
number, 226.
Capital of the I'nitwl States, provisions for
making permanent, 16.
Census, First. See First Census.
Census act, provisions of, for taking First
Census, 43.
Census taking, attitude of nations toward,
1; of states, 1; in preconstitutional
period, 2, 4; influence of superstitions
against, 3.
Censuses, colonial. See Colonial censuses.
Central America. See Mexico and Central
America.
Charleston, S. C, population in precon-
stitutional period. 11, 13; at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78; exports
and imports, 30.
Chickering, Doctor, early estimates of popu-
lation in Massachui*etta and Maine, 5.
Children (white population under 16 years
of age), method of obtaining propcirlions
for Ha.'i.ai tying by age and sex, 93; number
and proportion of population f.irmed by,
cla-ssifieu by sex. 94. 208, 210; effect of iiii-
migration on proportions. 95; average num-
ber ner family, 100, 101; number per 1,(X)0
of all ages, by specified years, 103; ratio
of adults of self-supporting age to, 103,
105; in principal foreign countries, 104;
ratio of, to adult females, 105; changes in
ratios, during eighteenth and nineteenth
ceuturios, 107; ratio of, to females Hi
years of age and over, 100; in New York
census of 1712, 107; in the native and the
foreign stock, 107; in two counties shown
by nationality for the First and for the
Twelfth Census, 108; in principal foreign
countries, 109; number in 1790 according
to 1900 proportions and in 1900 according
to those of 1790, 107; conditions effecting
changes in pro[>orlions, 109.
China, foreign population bom in, per cent
distribution, 1.30: number, 226.
Cities, specified, population of. during pre-
constitutional periotl, 11; at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78; increase in pop-
ulation, 79; proportion white and colored
in, 84.
Coins, kinds in circulation, 20.
Colleges, list of, 32.
Colonial censu.-<es, population, of New
Ilamp.-hire, 149; Ma.ssachu.-<etts, 156, 158;
Rhode Island, 162; Connecticut, 164;
New York, 170; New Jersey, 184; Mary-
land, 185.
Colonial period, census taking during. 3, 4; !
De How's estimates of )x>pulation, 8; com-
pilation of estimates of population, by
decades, 9, 10.
Color, population classified according to, for
each census. 80, 81; by states and terri-
tories, 82, 201 ; by counties. 201 ; while and
negro, 83; bv nativity of parents, 86;
families cla.<slfied by, arcordinir to slave
ownership, for minor civil divisions, 276.
Columbia county, N. Y., populmtion at the
First and at the Twelfth CcnsusdiHlribult-d
by nationality. 123; and ratio of adult
_ femali-s to rhildren, I0«.
Commerce, conditions and n- ■ .dcr
colonial government. 2'»: ■ : in-
coming vessels • : en-
try, 29; by couir , 3|;
cla-ses and vabu- ii inij-.n- arni .xi-irtii,'
29; extent and character of trade with
West ludii-s, 31.
Congress, number of members at the time of
the First Census, 16; at each cennuii, 92;
pnjvlsion in Constitution for reprotcnta-
llon in, 92.
Conne<'ticut, populatlr>n in preconstitu-
tional period, 4, 5. 164. 165: Indiwi trilM-..,
number and place of n-sideiui', ;J9; sur-
names classified according to number of
families rei'orded under each, 113; num-
ber of members in such hou.<«-holds, 114;
population cla.s-'lfie<l, by nationality, 116,
271; by counties and minor civil divi-
sions, 193; aicordlng to color, 202; by sex
and age, 212; slaves, number of, 132: fami-
lies, cla.ssified by slave owner-hip a:id
nationality, 274; and color, 280; by number
of slaves held, 292. Set also Sutca and
territories.
Continental period, census taking during, 3;
e.-iimated jKipulatlon of each state during.
Counties, population of, classified aocordin);
to increase or decrea.-*, (iO; numtx-r reach-
ing maximum i>opulalion prior to Twelfth
Census, 71; population as returned on
schedules, 188; families classified by num-
ber of members, 224.
Cuba and West Indies, foreign population
born in, 22(i.
Currency, establishing system of, 20.
Dc Bow, Mr. J. E. D., estimateii of colonial
population, 8.
Debt, natirmal, a factor in census taking. 4.
Hcclaration of Indefwndence. signatunvi of
signers, 115.
Delaware, population in preconstitutional
period, 4, 6; list of minor civil divisions,
74; population, computed distribution of,
by nationalilv, 119, 121; by counties and
minor civil divisions, 198; by color, 203;
by sex and age, 214; numlM-r of slaves in,
1:12. iSV<r «/«) Stales ii' '■ • -ics.
Denmark, tonnage of \' entering
porLs, 30; increase in ; , in nine-
teenth centur)-, 85; foreign |><ipuUtion
born in, per cent distribution, 130; num-
ber, 226.
Density of population, for Ntatcn and terri-
tories. 5S; in sp' ' ■ er-
tain ICuropean • in
United ."^tat— ■ ,. . S6.
Dexter, Prof ' I '..iwditob, cstimatea
of colonial i . >*.
Dutch, piipuluiioii I lainifled an, by state*,
117; by counties, 271.
Dwellings, nunilMT, in ■ • ■■■ • ,1^.1.
jiliiu, 13; in .Massachii- ion
in Twelfth < '■ on
ba#is of .M ' -li-
mai.-<I .i\ir.i . . ii»2.
(299)
300
INDEX.
Education, status of, in colonial period, 31;
laws providing for, 31; list of colleges, 32;
professional and scientific courses offered,
32.
Elizabeth town, N. J., population at the
First and at the Twelfth ( ensus, 78.
England, conditions prevailing in, at the
time of the First Census, IG; foreign pop-
ulation born in, per cent distribution, 130;
number, 226.
England, Scotland, and Wales, foreign pop-
ulation born in, distributed according to
geographic divisions, 131.
England and Wales, ratio of adults of self-
supporting age to children, 104.
Engli.sh and"\\'elsh, population classified as,
by states, 117; by counties, 271.
Enumeration, area of, at each census, com-
pared with total area, 64; population of,
55.
Enumerators, duties and compensation, in
First Census, 45.
Erie, Pa., population at the First and at the
Twelfth Census, 78.
Europe, conditions prevailing in, at the
time of the First Census, 16; increase in
population in United States compared
with that in, 85; foreign population born
in, per cent distribution, 130; number,
226.
Exports, value of, and per capita averages,
29.
Fall River, Mass., population at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Families, number, 96, 101; by counties, 224;
average size, 96; by states and territories,
98; by surnames, 227; cla-ssified as slave-
holding and nonslaveholding, 99; by color
and size, 100, 276; by narionality, 123, 274;
average number of children, 100, 101; num-
ber of surnames reported for, 113; classi-
fied by number of persons recorded under
such names, 114; average number of, per
name, 115; classified by number of mem-
bers, by counties, 224; changes in size
during last century, 102.
Families, heads of, nationality as indicated
by names of, 116, 117; in New Jersey, 120;
Columbia county, N. Y., 123; Hartford
county, Conn., 123; classified by occupa-
tions in Philadelphia and Southwark, 142;
number represented by each surname, 227.
Federal census, conditions necessitating, 3.
Federal Government, organization and per-
sonnel, at the time of the First Census, 16.
Females, adult, ratio of children to, by
states and territories, 105, 106; in New
York census of 1712, 107; in the native
and in the foreign stock of the white popu-
lation, 107; according to nationality in
two counties, for the First and the Twelfth
Census, 108; in principal countries, 109;
changes in ratios during eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries, 107. See also Sex.
First Census, Mr. Madison's views on scope
of, 42; act providing for, 43; execution of
the law, 44; compensation prescribed, 44;
total cost, 44; time allowed for enumera-
tion, 45; difficulties in making enumera-
tion, 45; character of returns, 46; Presi-
dent's report to Congress, 46; published
returns, 47 ; disappointment over returns,
48; losing of schedules explained, 48; list
of schedules now on file, 49.
Fisheries, extent of operations, 28.
Foreign born population, distributed by
place of residence, in original and added
area, 128, 130; in states and territories, 128;
in geographic divisions, 129, 130, 131; ac-
cording to country of birth, 130, 131, 226.
Foster, Mr. John W., quoted concerning
President Washington (note), 16.
France, reasons for taking first census of, 1;
• date, 2; conditions prevailing at the time
of the First Census, 16; tonnage of vessels
from, entering ports of United States, 30;
present density of population, 59; increase
in population in nineteenth century, 85;
ratio of adults of self-supporting age to
children, 104; ratio of children to females
16 years of age and over, 109; foreign pop-
ulation born in, per cent distribution, 130;
number, 226.
French, population classified as, by states,
117; by counties, 271.
Friends, 'first petition against slavery made
by, 37.
Georgia, population in preconstitutional
period, 4, 7; list of minor civil divisions,
74; population, computed distribution of,
by nationality, 121; by districts and mi-
nor civil divisions, 200; by color, 207; by
sex and age, 220; number of slaves in, 132.
See also States and territories.
German, population classified as, by states,
117; bv counties, 271.
German Empire, ratio of children to females
16 years of age and over, 109; foreign pop-
ulation born in, 226.
Germany, tonnage of vessels from, entering
ports of United States, 30; increase in pop-
ulation in nineteenth century, 85; ratio of
adults of self-supporting age to children,
104; foreign population born in, 130.
Germany and Austria, distribution of popu-
lation born in, according to geographic
divisions, 131.
Grandfathers, native, growth of white pop-
ulation measured by proportion of, in
Massachusetts, 89.
Great Britain, date of first census in, 2; ton-
nage of vessels from, entering ports of
United States, 30. See also England.
Greece, date of first census, 2; foreign pop-
ulation born in, 226.
Government, local, organization of, in
various states, 19.
Hamilton, Alexander, report on state of
manufacturing industries, 27.
Harrisburg, Pa., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Hartford, Conn., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Hartford county. Conn., ratio of adult fe-
males to children, according to national-
ity, 108; population distributed by nation-
ality, 123.
Heads of families. See Families, heads of.
Hebrew, population classified as, by states,
117; by counties, 271.
Highways. See Roads.
Hoboken, N. J., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Hoffman, F. L., quoted concerning birth
rate in the native and the foreign element
(note), 107.
Holland, population, density of, 59; increase
in, during nineteenth century, 85.
Hungary, foreign population born in, 226.
Hunter, Governor, enumeration of New
York by, for British Board of Trade, 3.
Immigration, increase in population through,
85; change in proportion of children due
to, 95.
Imports, value and per capita averages, 29.
India, foreign population born in, 226.
Indian and Mongolian population, number
at each census, 80; classified by nativity
of parents, 86; increase in, during nine-
teenth century, 92; of each state in 1790
area, by counties, 201.
Indians, status of, at the time of the First
Census, 37; area occupied by, 39; list of
tribes, giving number and place of resi-
dence, 39; treaty with, regarding North-
west Territory, 39; enumeration of, 40;
tribes in each state, 40; estimated num-
ber, 40.
Industries, general sketch, 25.
Interstate migration, native white popula-
tion of native parentage, classified accord-
ing to place of birth and of residence, 125,
126, 127.
Ireland, tonnage of vessels from, entering
ports of United States, 30; ratio of adults
of self-supporting age to children, 104;
foreign population born in, per cent dis-
tribution, 130; by geographic divisions,
131; number, 226.
Irish, population classified as, by states, 117;
by counties, 271.
Italy, date of first census in, 2; increase in
population in nineteenth century, 85;
ratio of adults of self-supporting age to
children, 104; ratio of children to females
16 years of age and over, 109; foreign
population born in, per cent distribution,
130; by geographic divisions, 131; num-
ber, 226.
Japan, foreign population born in, per cent
distribution, 130; number, 226.
Jefferson, Thomas, letters concerning First
Census, 44, 45.
Jersey City, N. J., population at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Jonn^s, Moreau de, comment on census tak-
ing in United States, 2.
Kentucky, list of minor civil divisions, 76;
population, computed distribution of, by
nationality, 121; by counties and minor
civil divisions, 200; by color, 207; by sex
and age, 220; number of slaves in, 132.
See also States and territories.
Lawrence, Mass. , population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Letters, rates of postage, 23.
Levasseur, early census taking (note), 1.
Louisville, Ky., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Lowell, Mass., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Lynn, Mass., population at the First and at
"the Twelfth Census, 78.
Madison, James, scope of First Census broad-
ened by, 2; effort to have a more complete
schedule, 42.
Maine, population in preconstitutional pe-
riod, 4, 5; Indian tribes, number and place
of residence, 39; surnames classified ac-
cording to number of families recorded
under each, 113; number of members in
such households, 114; population classi-
fied, by nationality, 116, 271; by counties
and minor civil divisions, 188; according
to color, 201; bv sex and age, 210; fami-
lies, classified by nationality, 274. See
also States and territories.
Males, proportion of, in white population,
93; engaged in five groups of occupations,
143. See also Sex.
Malthus, influence on early census taking, 2;
rule of, for increase in population in north-
ern states of America (note), 10.
Manchester, N. H., population at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Manufactures, status of, under colonial gov-
ernment, 26; report by Alexander Hamil-
ton concerning, 27; estimated value in
1790, 27; value of products, 1850 to 1900,
145.
Marshals, duties of, in First Census, 44, 45.
Maryland, population in preconstitutional
period, 4, 6, 185; list of minor civil divi-
sions, 74; surnames classified according to
number of families recorded under each,
113; number of members in such house-
holds, 114; population, classified by na-
tionality, 116, 272; by counties and minor
civil divisions, 198; according to color,
203; by sex and age, 214; slaves, number
of, 132; families rlassilied by slave owner-
ehipand iiatiouality, 275; and color, 288-
by number of slaves held, 296. See also
States and territories.
Maryland and DLstriet of Cohimbia, per cent
distribution of slaveholdinj,' families ac-
cording to number of slaves held, 136.
See also Maryland.
Massachusetts, population in preconstitu-
tional periods, 4, 5, 156, 158; Indian
tribes, number and place of residence, 39,
40; dwellinjTs and private families, 101;
sumamee classified aeoordinK to number
of families recorded under eaeh, 1 13; num-
ber of members in such househoUls, 114;
population classified by nationalitv, 116,'
271; by countie.s and minor civil divi-
Bions, 191; according to color, 201; by sex
and age, 210; families classified by nation-
ality, 274.
Mease, Dr. James, colonial population and
number of dwellings in Philadelphia, 13
144.
Memphis, Tenn., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Mexico and Central America, foreign popu-
lation born in, 226.
Middle states, organization of local govern-
ment, 19; number of post offices, 25; laws
providing for education, 31; native white
population of native parentage born in,
classified by place of residence, 126, 127;
foreign born population living in, 129;
classified by country of birth, 131; aggre-
gate and per capita wealth, 144.
Mining, extent or operations, 27.
Minor civil divisions, lack of data concern-
ing, 73; population, 73, 188; boundaries,
73; lists of, for certain states, 74,
Mongolian. See Indian and Mongolian.
Mulhall, aggregate wealth of United States
estimated by (note), 144.
Names of families. See Nomenclature.
Nashville, Tenn., population at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
National debt. See Debt, national.
Nationality, of while population, ratio of
adult females to cliiUlren. lOS; methwl of
classifying according to, IIG; distribution
of, by states, 116, 121, 271; predominance
of English stock, 117; source of data for
Delaware, 119; New Jersey, 119; Vir-
ginia, 119; Georgia, 121; Kentucky, 121;
Tennessee, 121; Columbia countv, N. Y.,
121, 123; Hartford county. Conn., 121,
123; classification of slaveholders, 123; of
foreign born, 130; of families, 274.
Native while population of foreign parent-
age, number per 1,000 of white popula-
tion, by geographic divisions, 130.
Native white population of native parent-
age classified bv areas of birth and resi-
dence, 125, 126,' 127.
Negro population, classified as free and
slave at each census, 80; actual number
in 1790 and number using 1900 propor-
tions, 83; actual number in 1900 and
number on 1790 proportions, 83; classi-
fied by nativity of parents, 86; causes
contributing to increase In, 91; increase
in nineteenth century, 92.
Nelson, Mr. William, data for New Jersey
furnl.shed by, 119.
Netherlands, tonnage of vessels from, enter-
ing ports of United Slates, 30; foreign
population born in, per cent distribution,
130; number, 226.
New Bedford, Mass., population at the
First and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
New England, organization of local govern-
ment, 19; number of post otfices, 25; na-
tive white population of native parentage
born in, classified by place of residence,
126, 127; foreign born population, 129;
INDEX.
classified by country of birth, 120; asgr«-
gato and per capita wealth, 144.
New Hampshire, jwpulalion in preconsti-
tutional period, 4, 149, 1,50, 1.54; surnamt*
classified according to number of families
recorded under each, 113; number of
members in suih households, 114; |M>pu-
lation, cliLssified by nationality, 116, 271;
by counties and minor <ivil divisions,'
189; according to color, 201; by sex and
age, 210; slaves, number of, 132; families
claasifit>d by slave ownership and nation-
ality, 274; and color, 276; by number of
slaves held, 292. See aUo Stales and
territories.
New IJayen, Conn., date of incorporation,
14; estimates of dwellings and |H>pulatiun,
14; exports and iin|>orts, :10; |Hipulation
at the First and at the Twelfth Census. 7S.
New Jersey, population in preconstllu-
tional period, 6, 184; Indian tribes,
number and place of residence, 39, 40;
nationality of population, in Somerwct
county, 119; in ea.h county, 120; in the
state, 121; number of slaves, 132; jx)pula-
latlon <-la.ssified by counties and minor
civil diNisions, 195; by color, 202; by sex
and age, 212. See alto States and 'terri-
tories.
New London, Conn., estimates of popula-
tion and number of dwellings, 14; exports
and imports, 30.
New York, population in preconstitutional
period, 4, 6, 170, 181, 182, 183; Indian
tribes, number and place of residence,
39, 40; ratio of children to females 10
years of age and over, 107; surnames clas-
sified according to number of families re-
corded under each, 113; number of mem-
bers in such hou.seholds, 114; population
classified by nationality, 116, 272; by coun-
ties and minor civil divisions, 194; accord-
ing to color, 201 ; by sex and age. 212; slaves,
number of, 132; families classified bv slave
ownership and nationality, 275; and color,
281 ; by number of slavesheld, 293.
New York city, record of population from its
founding to'l790, 11; colonial censuses, 13:
exports and imports, 30; the First and the
Twelfth Census, 78; proportion white and
colored, 84; list of names of masters of
families in 1703, 170.
Newark, X. J., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Newfoundland. See Canada and New-
foundland.
Newport, R. I., record of population from its
founding to 1790, 11; colonial population,
14; exports and imports, :!0.
Newsi)apers and jieriixlicals, rates of postage,
25; classified by period of issue, 32, ;i3;
advertisements, news, etc., 33; list of, 33. ;
Nomenclature, classified list of surnames,
111; list of names represented by at least
100 white persons, 227. See also Sur- \
names. !
North America, foreign population born in,
226. '
North Carolina, population in precon.Mitu-
tional period, 4, 7; list of minor civil divi-
sions, 76; surnames rlas-iified according to i
number of families recorded under each, '
113; number of members in such hoU!<t'-
holds, 114; population classified by na-
tionalitv, 116,273; by counties and minor
civil divisions, 199; according to color, '
205; by sex and age, 218; slaves, number
of, 132; families cla-ssified by slave own-
ership and nalionality, 275; and color, 289;
by number of slaves held, 136, 2t)0. See
also States and territories.
Northern states, laws in, providing for edu- j
cation, 31; avenijje number of slaves ikt
slaveholding family, 137: p.Tiii|iiia vnlue
of wealth, 146.
301
Northwwit Territory, an-a and boundaries,
19; slates fornie<I froni, 19; rliaracler o(
inhabitants, 19; Indian iribes, number
and place of resid<'>'.. ■■■' io
Norway, date of fir-r incr««»c in
population in nii 'ntury, 85;
; foreign population bi.ru in, 226,
Norway and Sweden, i«r cut dislribulion
of population born in, 130.
Norwiih, i -mn , number of dwcUinf^ and
estimate of (Ripulation, 14.
Oceania, per cent distribution of foreign
population born in, 130; number bom in,
Occupations, failure u> provide fur. in Fimt
Censu.M ait, 43; nunilx-r and |ht cent diit-
tribution of while male- . ' In. Is50
and 1900, 143; number -t'ion of
heads of famiUe* in 1'. .,.iiia and
Southwark engaged in, 142, 143.
Pat«rsou, N, J., population at the Firnt and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
rea><e, Levi, gtaae line established bv InoU)
22. '
Pennsylvania, [xjpulation in preconstitu-
tional iM>riod, 4; rt-sults of early •vtiniat«a
and i-en.iu.icw, 6; Indian tribes, numljor
and place of residence, 39, 40; list of minor
ci\il divisions in, 74; surnames clarified
according to number of families rcnorded
under each, 113; number of members in
such hou.i«-holds, 114; iH)pulalion dxi^l-
fied by nationalitv, 116, 272; by counliex
and minor civil divisions, 196; according
to color, 203; by sex and age, 212; slaves,
number of, 132;'familiescla-.«ifiiii bv slave
ownershij) an<l nalionality, 275; and color,
284; by number of slaves held, 294.
Philadelphia, record of |K)pulali<pn from its
founding to 1790, 11; number of dwellings
in colonial iH-ricxl, 13; soun-es of data for
colonial |Hi])ulation, 13; exports and im-
ports, 30; population at the First and at
the Twelfth Census, 78; proiKirlion of
white and colored (wiiulation in, 84; occu-
pations of heads of tamilios in 1790, 142,
143.
Pittsburg, Pa., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Poland, per<-ent di,<tribution of foreign jmpu-
lation born in, 130; number \tora in, 226.
Population, enumeration of, not sole obje<'t
of census taking, 2; estimates during
Colonial and Continental perifxls, R-Il;
rule of increase in the col. ■
10; of principal colonial cili. ir
founding to 1790, 11; comp;iri- i, ... u
and rural in the colonial [ktIimI, 14, 15; as
retUHKnl at the First ( ensus, by statw, 47;
by counties and minor <'ivil divisions, GO,
73, 188; reportiHl by the President to Con-
gress, 1792, .54; revision of returns, .54;
classification by areiis nf enumeration, 55;
growth in, comparnl with growth in area,
.56; of slates and lerrilories, by de<'ad<-s,
57; per cent diK-ennial increa.K' in. .58;
density of, 68; of cilii>s, 19(K) and 1790, 78;
classification by color, for each census, 80;
for specified years, by stales and terri-
tories, 82, 222; by counties, 201: percent
increase, by color, SI; survivors of pre-
vious censu.Kis, S'_'; pr<i|Mirtlon white and
negro in total [wpulalicii i ' "■ ..rin. n..,!
cities, 84; iniTea.<i' in 1':
pared with Euroi>e, 85: .
in principal countries, 8.'«; in. i- h
immigration, 8.5; natural im r
incre.xie in each color element m niin-
teenth cenliirj', 92; compiuison of growth
in, with that of area, ly^. ..'•.- ..' •• -
tur<>s. and wealth, H5 1
censu.ies. Native while j. , r-
eign parentage. Native wtiitv pupulaliuu uf
302
INDEX.
native yjarentage, White population, Negro
population, and Indian and Mongolian
population.
Portland, Me., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Portugal, tonnage of vessels entering ports
of United States from, 30; increase in
population in nineteenth century, 85
foreign population born in, 226.
Post offices, number of, in Continental
period, 23; receipts and expenditures, 23
list of, 25.
Post roads, system of, 23.
Postage, rates of, in Continental period, 23
revenue from, 23; kinds of money ac-
cepted in payment, 25.
Postal ser\-ice, establishment of, 23; stages
as carriers of mail, 23; contracts for carry-
ing mail, 23.
Pro\ddence, R. I., colonial population, 14;
population at the First and at the Twelfth
Census, 78.
Prussia, date of first census, 2; conditions
then prevailing, 16; tonnage of vessels
entering ports of United States from, 30.
Publishers of newspapers and periodicals,
list of with publications, 33.
Reading, Pa., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Redemptioners, meaning of term, 37.
Representatives, House of, basis of appor-
tionment, and number of members at
each census, 92.
Residence, place of, compared with place of
birth, for the native white population of
native parentage, 125, 126, 127.
Rhode Island, population in preconstitu-
tional period, 4, 5, 162, 163; Indian tribes,
number and place of residence, 39; sur-
names classified according to number of
families recorded under each, 113; num-
ber of members in such households, 114;
population classified by nationality, 116,
271; by counties and minor civil divi-
sions, 193; according to color, 201; by sex
and age, 210; slaves, number of, 132;
families, classified by slave ownership and
nationality, 274; and color, 279; by num-
ber of slaves held, 292. See also States
and territories.
Richmond, Va., population at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Roads, condition and extent, 21.
Rochester, N. Y., population at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Russia, date of first census, 2; conditions
prevailing in 1790, 16; density of popu-
lation, 59; foreign population bom in, per
cent distribution, 130; number, 226.
Russia, Finland, and Poland, distribution
of population born in, according to geo-
graphic divisions, 131.
St. Clair, Governor, estimate of population
in Northwest Territory by, 54.
Salem, Mass., record of population from its
founding to 1790, 12; colonial population,
13; exports and imports, 30.
Savannah, Ga., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Saxony, date of first census, 2.
Scandinavia, foreign population born in,
131, 226.
Schedules, First Census, Mr. Madison's prop-
osition regarding, 43; list of those on
file, 49.
Scotch, population classified as, by states,
117; by counties, 271.
Scotland, ratio of adults of self-supporting
age to children, 104; foreign population
born in, per cent distribution, 130; num-
ber, 226.
Scott, Dr. Austin, data for New Jersey fur-
nished by, 119.
Scranton, Pa., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Sex, white population, classified to show
number of males, 93; age, 94, 208; children
classified by, 94.
Sharpe, Dr. E. S., data for New Jersey fur-
nished by, 119.
Shattuck, Mr. Lemuel, variations in colonial
population of Boston shown by, 13.
Shilling, value of, in different states, 20.
Slaveholding families, private families clas-
sified as, 99; by size, 100; by color, 100,
276; by number of slaves held, 100, 136;
according to nationality, 123, 274; by
states and territories, 135; in Southern
states, 136; in Northern states, 137; in
Virginia, 138.
Slavery, introduction, 36; Federal control
of, 37; first petition against, 37; reasons
for British Government encouraging, 37;
states making stand against, in precon-
stitutional period, 37; extent of, in
1790, 132.
Slaves, number of, in preconstitutional
period, 36; first attempt of Federal control
of trade in, 37; number at each census, 80,
132; by states, 132, 133, 134; average num-
ber per family, 100, 123, 135, 136, 276;
states not holding, in 1790, 132; causes for
increase in value, 133; white population
connected with ownership of, in 1790 and
1850, 138, 139; average value of, 140;
number and average value, by states, 141;
wealth invested in, 144; classified by
nationality of owners and number per
family, 274.
Sloops, traveling by, 23.
Smith, Adam, infiuence on early census tak-
ing, 2.
Somerset county, N. J., nationality of the
population as indicated by the surnames
of freeholders, 119.
Somervillc, Mass., population at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
South America, foreign population born
in, per cent distribution, 130; number, 226.
South Carolina, population in preconstitu-
tional period, 4, 7; Indian tribes, number
and place of residence, 39, 40; dilficulty in
obtaming enumerators, 46; list of minor
civil divisions, 76; surnames classified ac-
cording to number of families recorded
under each, 113; number of members in
such households, 114; population classi-
fied by nationality, 116, 273; by districts
and minor civil divisions, 200; according
to color, 206; by sex and age, 220; slaves,
number of, 132; families classified by
slave ownership and nationality, 275;
and color, 290; by number of slaves
held, 136, 297. See also States and
territories.
Southern states, organization of local govern-
ment, 20; number of post offices in, 25;
educational advantages, 32; rate of in-
crease in white population, 87, 88; native
white population of native parentage born
in, classified by place of residence, 126,
127; foreign born population living in, 129;
classified by country of birth, 131; aggre-
gate and per capita wealth, 144, 146.
Southwark, Pa., heads of families in, classi-
fied according to occupations, 142; propor-
tion gainfully employed, 143.
Southwest Territory, Indian tribes, number
and place of residence, 39, 40; letter of
Thomas Jefferson concerning enumeration,
45; number of slaves in, 132. See also
States and territories.
Spain, date of first census, 2; tonnage of ves-
sels from, entering ports of United States,
30; increase in population in nineteenth
century, 85; foreign population born in,
per cent distribution, 130; number, 226.
Springfield, Mass., population at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Stagecoaching, principal routes, 22.
States and territories, organization of local
governments, 19; population of, in pre-
constitutional period, 9, 10; at each cen-
sus, 67; density of, 58; per cent white and
colored, 82, 139; proportion of males, 93;
of children, by sex, 94; families, number
and average size, 96, 98; slaveholding and
nonslaveholding, 100; average number of
slaves, 135, 136; persons per dwelling, 102;
number of children per 1.000 of white pop-
ulation, 103; ratio of adults of self-support-
ing age to children, 105; ratio of children
to adult females, 105; to females 16 years
of age and over, 106; surnames classified
by number of families and number of per-
sons, 115; foreign population born in,
classifiedby place of residence, 128; slaves,
number of, 132, 133; per cent increase at
each census, 134; proportion of white
population connected with ownership of
slaves, 138; number of slaves and average
value, 141; nomenclature, 227.
Surnames of heads of families, approximate
number. 111; nationalities. 111; per cent
derived from parts of speech. 111; classi-
fied list (note), 111; preponderance of
Saxon, 112; classified by number of times
they appear upon schedules, 112, 113; by
number of persons represented, 114;
average number of persons per name, 114,
115; distribution of, 114; list of those
represented by at least 100 persons, 227.
Survivors of 1790, method of ascertaining
number, 81.
Sweden, early census taking, 1; date of first
census, 2; tonnage of vessels from, enter-
ing ports of United States, 30; increase in
population in nineteenth century, 85;
foreign population born in, 226.
Switzerland, date of first census, 2; increase
in population in nineteenth century, 85;
foreign population born in, per cent dis-
tribution, 130; number, 226.
Syracuse, N. Y., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Tennessee, list of minor civil divisions, 77;
computed distribution of population ac-
cording to nationality, 121; source of data
for nationality estimates, 121. See also
States and territories.
Tonnage of foreign vessels entering ports of
United States in 1790, by countries, 30;
classified by kinds of vessels, ports of en-
try, and states, 30; by country owning
vessels, 31.
Transportation, facilities in Continental
period, 21; effect oh interstate migration,
125.
Trenton, N. J., population at the First and
at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Troy, N. Y., population at the First and at
the Twelfth Census, 78.
Turkey, per cent distribution of foreign
population born in, 130; number born in,
226.
United Kingdom, density of population in,
59; ratio of children to adult females, 109;
foreign population born in, 226; increase
in population in nineteenth century, 85.
United States, date of First Census, 2; the
area, and conditions prevailing in 1790, 16;
organization and personnel of the Federal
Government at the time of the First Cen-
sus, 16; provisions for the capital, 16;
states forming the Union in 1790, 17;
boundaries and area, 17; number of post
offices in, 25; increase in population, 85;
ratio of adults of self-supporting age to
children, compared with other countries,
104, 109.
INDEX.
303
Utica, N. Y., population at the First and at
the Twelfth Census, 78.
Vermont, population in preconjititutional
period, 4; early aboliphmenl of slavery
in, 37; surnames claj^.-'ificd according to
number of families recorded under each,
113; number of members in such house-
holds, 111; population classified by na-
tionality, 110, 271; by counties and minor
civil divisions, 190; according to color,
201; by sex and age, 210; families classi-
fied by nationality, 274. See also States
and territories.
Virginia, population in preconslitutional
period, 4, G, 7; Indian tribes, number and
place of residence, 39; lint of minor civil
divisions, 75; surnames dasfsified accord-
ing to number of families re<orded under
each, 113; number of members in such
households, 114; population cla.><sified by
nationality, llli, 272; by counties anil
minor civil divisions, 198; according to
color, 204; by sex and age, 214; slaves,
number of, 132; families claseified by
slave ownership and number of slaves
held, 13G, 138.
Wales, foreign population bom in, 226.
Washington, President, residence in Phila-
delphia, Hi; John W. For<ler (| noted in re-
gard to, Ki; conditions prevailing during
administration of, Iti; manner of convey-
ing news of his election to, 22.
Wealth, value of slaves, by states aud terri-
tories, 141; Klulhall's estimate of amount
of, in 1790, 144; agtireTOte and per capita
estimates, by geographic divisions, 144;
buildintrs, real estate, slaves, etc., 144;
value of all property for each census, 1850
to 1900, 145.
! Webster, Peletiah, quoted in reference to
I>aper money, 20.
Westersraard, quoted in regard to ratio of
adulUs to children (note), 104.
I West Indies, extent ancl character of com-
merce with, 31. See aUo Cuba and West
I Indies.
White population, of continental United
States, with per cent of iiicreaw?, bv dec-
ade;s, 1790 to 1900, HO; proportion of
whites in the t"t il i„,i,iil .ijun, k2; inirea-'f
in United Stai. .-d with 1I1..1 in
Europe, 85; cla- iliveaiid (or.i.'ii
and by nativity .<i |jttrciils, 86; cstlmale<l
increa-^e of native Ht'x-k, «•(: at nito of
increa.se for Soutliern - : I
by proportions in V.
crea.-e of native whii.- ..1 u.inw |..... in.i.-if.
in the slates enumerated in 17!K», !»0; ex-
tent to which growth of, is due to British
race, 91; sex and ago classification. 93,
208; number of children \>ot 1,000 of, for
given years, 103; distribution according li>
nationality, 121; pro[M)rtion cnnne<-led
with slave ownership. 13s; projxjrtion of
slaves to everv 100 white iwrsons. 139.
Wilkes-Harre, Pa., |>opulatiun at tlie First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Wilmington, Del., fKipulation at the First
and at the Twelfth Census, 78.
Worcester, Ma.ss., population at the Finit
and at the Twelfth CensUD, 78.
//
« f
University of California
SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY
405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388
Return this material to the library
from which it viras borrowed.
4
RECEIVED
AUG 0 3 2001
UCLA LAW UBHARK
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11