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VOLUME Xx

CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS
OF THE WORLD

A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters

Edited by
ERNST MAYR anp RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR.

VOLUME X
Prunellidae — Turdinae
Orthonychinae Timaliinae Panurinae
Picathartinae Polioptilinae
By

HERBERT G. DEIGNAN, RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR.,
S. DILLON RIPLEY

CAMBRIDGE - MASSACHUSETTS
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
1964

COPYRIGHT, 1964
BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE

THE HEFFERNAN PRESS INC.
WORCESTER, MASS.

INTRODUCTION

Peters’ Check-list has long been recognized as an indis-
pensable reference for reliable information on the classifica-
tion, correct names, synonymies, and geographic distribu-
tion of birds. The fact that the account of each family is
now prepared by a specialist has increased the usefulness
and authority of this series. There is nothing like it in the
world literature for any other kind of organism. Ornitholo-
gists will, therefore, rejoice that this volume follows the pub-
lication of volumes IX (1960) and XV (1962) so speedily.

This volume differs little in scope and style from the two
preceding volumes (IX and XV), which were the first to be
published as a cooperative endeavor after the death of Mr.
Peters. One minor change is the elimination of vernacular
names. Criticisms of Volumes IX and XV centered on the
selection of English names, which had been added in the
hope of facilitating the use of the Check-list by the growing
number of amateur ornithologists. There was no attempt to
propose new vernaculars or to pass judgment on those already
in use; they were merely taken from a series of widely-used
ornithological works written in English. However, the critics
of these names seem to feel that an effort should be made to
standardize and supply appropriate English names for all
species. Because this would require cumbersome polls and
other elaborate procedures beyond the scope of a scientific
work, the editors requested the advice of the twelve authors
of this and forthcoming volumes. Ten of the authors said
unequivocally that vernacular names should be abandoned.

It is perhaps well to review briefly the functions of the
editors. Our duties, as we perceive them, are to arrange for
revisions of taxa by specialists, to coordinate their work in
order to avoid duplications and omissions, to achieve a de-
gree of uniformity in written style but not necessarily in
taxonomic treatment and thoroughness of coverage, and, to
the extent our knowledge permits, to ferret out errors that
slip past even the most conscientious author. It is not the
task of the editors to check on the completeness and accuracy
of synonymies, the validity of subspecies and genera, the
accuracy of the range descriptions, and the other strictly

vi INTRODUCTION

taxonomic matters for which the authors alone are re-
sponsible.

The editors are grateful for continued cooperation from
many collaborators. We appreciate that the authors, and
those who have read the manuscript and offered suggestions,
have given much of their research time to these tasks. We
are glad they agree that completing James L. Peters’ monu-
mental project is worth the considerable personal sacrifice.

Manuscript for this volume was completed on 1 July 1968.
Only minor modifications were made after this date.

We thank the National Science Foundation for support
toward the publication of this volume, under grant number
G-3124,

The index was prepared by Mrs. Michael D. McBride, who
generously contributed her time and skill in order to speed
the completion of the series.

ERNST MAYR
21 August 1963 RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR.

CONTENTS

ORDER PASSERIFORMES .
SUBORDER OSCINES :
Family Prunellidae, Reccutors by S. Dilén Rinles
Genus Prunella Vieillot aye
Family Muscicapidae
Subfamily Turdinae, Mheushes, By S. Millon Ripley
Genus Brachypteryx Horsfield . :

Zeledonia Ridgway
Erythropygia Smith .
Namibornis Bradfield
Cercotrichas Bove .
Pinarornis Sharpe .
Chaetops Swainson
Drymodes Gould
Pogonocichla Cabanis
Erithacus Cuvier
Cossypha Vigors
Modulatrix Ripley
Cichladusa Peters .
Alethe Cassin
Copsychus Wagler
Irania De Filippi .
Phoenicurus Forster .
Rhyacornis Blanford .
Hodgsonius Bonaparte
Cinclidium Blyth
Grandala Hodgson .
Sialia Swainson
Enicurus Temminck
Cochoa Hodgson
Myadestes Swainson .
Entomodestes Stejneger .
Stizorhina Oberholser

Neocossyphus Fischer and Reianenow ;

Cercomela Bonaparte
Saxicola Bechstein .
Myrmecocichla Cabanis .
Thamnolaea Cabanis .
Oenanthe Vieillot .
Chaimarrornis Hodgson .
Saxicoloides Lesson
Pseudocossyphus ee
Monticola Bote .
Myiophoneus momma
Geomalia Stresemann

Vill CONTENTS

VAR WARS 5 3 6 o- 6 cd a 6 6 o 4 Jey!
Amalocichlag2euVisme-uesy iene ne LOO)

CataponerarHiartent= ss --ee oe Gsle
INesocichlamGould i. es ee ene eel OZ
Ciehlherminia Bonaparte ... .. . . = 162
PhacormistSclateaeee Eocene En OS
Catharus: Bonaparte . = 2.4% 5) 2 =e eeeo4
labial Jeet! G6 5 G 5 oo 6 oF 60 0 a Jp
lelekaveneaalle, JoChe) 59 5 6 6 6 6 @ o o a o JG
Turdus Linnaeus . . em ante ale
Subfamily Orthonychinae, eorunnerst ahs Herbert G.

Deignan .. a ee Gy clipes? ene ct (ee

Genus Orthonyx Pomminek : Pe ue. ts

Androphobus Hartert Gnd Paledane. os GOO,
Psophodes Vigors and Horsfield. . . . . . 229

Sphenostoma Gould . . . 5 2 eel:
Cinclosoma Vigors and Ponefeld iy ap) ee eo
Ptilorrhoa «Peters cn a yee ee CeO
Mupetes Pemmincik 2, 2.4) Ve) s es ee ees
Melampitta Schlegel = 22%) Goes i) 2h aeeecoo
lfrita Rothschild... . 239
Subfamily Timaliinae, Babblers, by Herbert G. Denant - 240
Genus Pellorneum Swainson. . . 3 Mico, 1 BO
Trichastoma Blyth, 4. 0s als @ acs eee
LeonardinaIMearns 22 <2 ase 3) sy econ
IMIMARMabIS Jayna “sy ig ol of a o 6 5 a Ae
Malacopteroneiyton = 2) Sys = “2 se eeecod
Pomatorhinus Horsfield >... 2 2 = 9 =) 266
Garritornis: Iredale. F “4 = 2 eee
Pomatostomus Cabanis= 2... pce «= seeeeemeue
XiphirhynchussBiyjtis., @ sal. Se = ce cos
Jaboulleia, Delacour. 12056 tas . 2 ocos
Rimator “Blyth. ween. 3 bi cs Son. ee coe
Ptilocichla, Sharpes), <a) tino ee ees ee oe
Kéenopia. (Gray wal scigoeksde ce Oe oS Vee eee
NapotherarGray 22° evs ee ces 6 oe
Pnoepyga Hodgson . . Jt Ace eC OS

Spelaeornis David and Ouerdlet PU ae oe 7405)
Sphenocichla Godwin-Austen and Walden . . 299

NeomixissShkarmpe . 9... = 2 os sos) 2 e299
Stachyris Hodgson” « . + + 3 = = «= «2 to0n
Dumetia, Blythe eo lee tae ee ot
Rhopocichla Oates. . . ot ee a eee oly
Macronous Jardine and Seue Eta, 6) Gees
Micromacronus Amadon. . . . . . . . « 9826
Timalia® Horsfield. ..7- +5 seas os) se eeoa®

Chrysomma Blyth w, ose don wales ete ee oan

CONTENTS 1X

Moupinia David and Oustalet. . . . . . . 829
Clngwnrvery, unpnds o 4 go a 6 6 56 6 6 o 6 cxil)
Turdoides, .Cretzschimare. 1-12) ee ee COOL
BiNloebe JO B96 5 5 6 6 o 6 56 © 6 o ot
Garrulaxelesson acne Ceca ee en ee Pa OaS
luiocichla Swinhoe. = =. . « . . « «= . 380
IbGHoAotabe (SURO 6 5 oo 6 0 6 6 o 56 Grell
(Ginaky JES 5 o o 6 56 6 o 0 6 Go 9 5 oh!
Pteruthius™ Swainson oe) eee ee 2 te en OOD
Gampsorhynchus Blyth . . .... . =. +. 889
Nonaolbury ECV: = 5 95 & 6 og Go 6 o 5 5 ell)
MinlasHodgsonv 0) 2). ss ees en O04
Alcipperslythis s.ae) wees ener 3 oh 65 ae ous
Hioptilus Bonaparte ...9. (20.8) = ee ee SES
Parophasma Reichenow . : . .-. . . . . 414
Phyllanthus Wesson =. cs) 202 = 6 414
Grocias-Lemmincki wn een oe toe) eee LD
Heterophasiay Blyth? =) se 9. bemae @ 46
Yuhina Hodgson . . Sea Ghee 6 YA)
Genera Sedis Incertae, by Herbert G. eenaah BW. Ge oc yay
Genus? MaliasSchlegels.) ss) see een cs eee ear
Myzornis Blyilt oss on ey ee eee
Horizorhinus Oberholser . . .. . . . . 428
Oxvylabes“Sharpes 9. sc ce) = on ee eco
Mystacornis Sharpe . . 429
Subfamily Panurinae, Parrotbills, by Hesbert G. ewnan 430
Genusseanuruse Koch ey a ememes meena ees)
Conostoma Hodgson) an eae en eee OL
Paradoxornis||Gould see odes ne) Ol
Subfamily Picathartinae, Picathartes, by Herbert G.
Deignan. . Poe Teh a a
Genus Picathartes eae — 442
Subfamily Polioptilinae, Giatcatenerse Al site ibs Rae
ooh It, leehaike diy Ge G Gq o o oo o o 6 2S
Genus Microbates Sclater and Salvin . . . . . . 448
Ramphocaenus Vieillot . . . ..... =. 445
PolioptilaySclater wee 4a ounce ete
ADDENDA .. 456
Family Riieeryoridae Yoo any: Giapaenioss by Raymond: A
Paynter see am, or cine fy ak Use eo) Nev eee tne or vei ey LOO
INDEINAMIINSE Gomes cote) ae eee save ee gene) ps he ee ner ee

NEW NAMES PROPOSED IN VOLUME X

Trichastoma celebense improbatum nom. nov. . . . . . 258
Turdoides rubiginosus bowdleri nom. nov. . . . . . . 336
Turdoides rubiginosus schnitzeri nom. nov... . . . . 387

CHE CK-ELS Tt
Or BIRDS OF ChE WORD

VOLUME X

ORDER PASSERIFORMES

SUBORDER OSCINES
FAMILY PRUNELLIDAE
S. DILLON RIPLEY

ef. Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, pp. 761-775.

Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, pp.

187-198.
, 1930; Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed: 2, 7, pp.

126-128; 8, p. 626.

Dementiev, 1935, Systema Avium Ross., Oiseau Rev.
France. Orn., pp. 266-270.

Hartert and Steinbacher, 1935, op. cit., Erganzungsb.,
pp. 333-339.

Marien, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1482, pp. 1-28
(southern Eurasia).

Ripley, 1952, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 18, pp. 35-36
(list).

Dementiev and Gladkov (editors), 1954, Birds Soviet
Union, 6, pp. 624-660.

Johansen, 1955, Journ. f. Orn., 96, pp. 75-80 (western
Siberia).

Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1751, pp. 1-25
(systematic notes).

, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp.

208-219.

Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, pp. 540-
545.

GENUS PRUNELLA VIEILLOT

Prunella Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 48. Type, by mono-
typy, ‘““Fauvette de haie’”’ Buffon = Motacilla modularis
Linnaeus.

Aprunella Bianchi, 1904, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp.
Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 9, p. 118. Type, by monotypy, Ac-
centor immaculatus Hodgson.

PRUNELLA COLLARIS

‘Prunella collaris collaris (Scopoli)

Sturnus collaris Scopoli, 1769, Ann. I Hist.-Nat., p. 181 —
Carinthia.

4 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Prunella collaris tschusii Schiebel, 1910, Orn. Jahrb., 21,
p. 102 — Corsica.
Prunella collaris nigricans Heim de Balsac, 1925, Rev.
Franc. Orn., 9, p. 170 — Grand Pic |’Ouarsenis, Algeria.
Breeding in southern Europe above tree line in the Pyr-
enees, Alps, Apennines, Sicilian and southern Spanish
mountains; wintering in western Europe north to Helgo-
land, Belgium and England, and south to the western
Mediterranean islands (Sardinia) and north Africa (Al-
geria and Morocco).

Prunella collaris subalpina (Brehm)

Accentor subalpinus Brehm, 1831, Handb. Naturgesch.
Vog. Deutschl., p. 1009 — Dalmatia.

Breeds in the mountains of southeast Europe, Yugo-
slavia, Bulgaria, Greece, Samothrace, Crete and in northern
(Bursa) and western Turkey at the tree line; wintering at
lower elevations.

Prunella collaris montana (Hablizl)

Sturnus montanus Hablizl, 1783, Neue Nord. Beytrage, 4,
p. 538 — Gilan, northern Iran.

Accentor collaris caucasicus Tschusi, 1902, Orn. Monatsb.,
10, p. 186 — Wladikawskas, Terek District, northern
Caucasus.

Breeds in the Caucasus, south to the southern coast of

the Caspian Sea (Taurus Mts.?), east to the Kopet Moun-
tains; wintering in southern Iran and northern Iraq.

Prunella collaris rufilata (Severtzov)

Accentor rufilatus Severtzov, 1879, Izvestia Obsht. Liub.
Est. Anthr. Ethnog., Turkest. Otd., 1, fasc. 1, p. 45 —
Turkestan [reference not verified].

Laiscopus collaris kwenlunensis Buturlin, 1910, Mess.
Orn., 1, p. 188 — Keria range, western Kun Lun, Tibet.

Tadzhikistan, Kirgizstan, and western Sinkiang; win-

tering as far south as northern Afghanistan (breeding ?),
and West Pakistan in North West Frontier Province, Gil-
git, and Astor; Baltistan?; Ladakh?

Prunella collaris whymperi (Baker)

Laiscopus collaris whymperi Baker, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 35, p. 61 — Garhwal.

FAMILY PRUNELLIDAE 5

From Barai Valley, Kishenganga, and the hills of Kash-
mir about the Vale east to Lahul, Garhwal, and Kumaon,
breeding in the alpine zone, descending in winter as low as
the Simla Hills and Naini Tal, Uttar Pradesh.

/ Prunella collaris nipalensis (Blyth)

A.(ccentor) Nipalensis Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), 1848,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 958 — Kachar region
of Nepal.

Accentor talifuensis Rippon, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
19, p. 19 — east of Talifu, western Yunnan.

Prunella collaris ripponi Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
p. 766 — Gyi-dziu-shan, Tibet.

Breeds from Nepal east along the Himalayas to south-

east Tibet, northern Yunnan, southern and eastern Sikang,
descending as low as 6,500 feet in winter.

Prunella collaris tibetana (Bianchi)

Ac.(centor) collaris tibetanus Bianchi, 1904, Ann. Mus.
Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 9, p. 128 — east-
ern Tibet.

Breeds in eastern Tibet and northwest China in northern

Sikang, southern Tsinghai, Jyekundo, and Kansu.

Prunella collaris erythropygia (Swinhoe)

Accentor erythropygius Swinhoe, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 124, pl. 9— Kemeih, Prefecture of Seu-
enhwafoo.

Laiscopus collaris berezowskii Serebrovskij, 1927, Compt.
Rend. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, ser. A, p. 325 — near Lun-
ngan-fu, northwestern Szechwan.

Laiscopus collaris changaicus Tugarinov, 1929, Ann. Mus.
Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 29 (1928), p.
269 — Uliassutai.

Russian Altai, Mongolia, east in north China to the Sea
of Ochotsk, Korea (breeding ?), Japan (Honshu) and For-
mosa; breeding on rocky slopes, descending to the adjacent
plains in winter.

PRUNELLA HIMALAYANA

Prunella himalayana (Blyth)

Accentor Himalayanus? Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 11, p. 187 — Himalaya range.

6 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Central Asia from Kirghizstan east along the Tian Shan,
Sayan and Bolshoi ranges to the eastern and northern sides
of Lake Baikal, south to Afghanistan, West Pakistan, and
India from Gilgit and Kashmir along the outer Himalayan
ranges to Nepal, Darjeeling, and Sikkim, at high altitudes
to 10,000 feet.

PRUNELLA RUBECULOIDES

Prunella rubeculoides rubeculoides (Moore)
Accentor rubeculoides Moore (ex Hodgson MS), 1854,
Cat. Birds Mus. East India Co., 1, p. 361 — Nepal.
Prunella rubeculoides muraria R. and A. Meinertzhagen,
1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 99 — Astor, north-
western Kashmir.
At high altitudes in the Himalayas of West Pakistan
and India from Astor, Baltistan, and Ladakh, southeast to
Nepal, Sikkim, and southeast Tibet.

Prunella rubeculoides fusca Mayr
Prunella rubeculoides fusca Mayr, 1927, Orn. Monatsb.,
35, p. 148 — Bamutang, two days southwest of Batang,
Szechwan [= central Sikang].
Prunella rubeculoides beicki Mayr, 1927, Orn. Monatsb.,
35, p. 149 — near Lau-hu-kou, northern Kansu.
Mountains of east Tibet and west China in Sikang, Kan-
su, Kuku-Nor, and Shensi.

PRUNELLA STROPHIATA

Prunella strophiata jerdoni (Brooks)

Accentor Jerdoni Brooks, 1872, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 41, p. 327 — Dharmsala and Kashmir; restricted
to Kashmir by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
S0Cs 27..Ds Yo.

Prunella strophiatus sirotensis Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 52, p. 67 — Sirotai [=Saroti, Safed
Koh], Afghanistan.

At high altitudes from the Afghanistan-West Pakistan
border, the Safed Kohs, south Waziristan, and Gilgit to
Kashmir and Baltistan southeast along the Himalayas to
Kumaon; wintering as low as 4,300 feet.

FAMILY PRUNELLIDAE i

Prunella strophiata strophiata (Blyth)
A.(ccentor) strophiatus Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), 1848,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 959 — Nepal.
Accentor multistriatus David, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 4, 7, p. 256— Moupin [=Paohing], western
Szechwan.

Nepal east along the Himalayas in Sikkim, Bhutan,
southern Tibet, northern Burma, and mountains of western
China, in Yunnan, Chwanben, Sikang, Szechwan, eastern
Tsinghai, western Kansu, eastern Koko Nor, and Shensi;
straggling to lower altitudes in winter.

PRUNELLA MONTANELLA

~ Prunella montanella (Pallas)

Motacilla montanella Pallas, 1776, Reise versch. Prov.
Russ. Reichs, 3, p. 695 — Dauria.

Prunella montanella badia Portenko, 1929, Compt. Rend.
Acad. Sci. Leningrad, ser. A, p. 220 — Chukchi, North
Siberia.

Siberia from the Urals east to the Chukchi Peninsula and
Wrangel Island, south to the Stanovoi Mountains and south-
west to the Barbuzinski and Sayan range in Mongolia and
the border of Tannu-Tuva; migrates to Mongolia, Alashan,
the lower Amur, Korea, and rarely in northern Japan (Hok-
kaido and Honshu).

PRUNELLA FULVESCENS

_/Prunella fulvescens fulvescens (Severtzov)

Accentor fulvescens Severtzov, 1873, Vertikal ... Turkest.
Zhivotn., (1872), p. 132 — Turkestan [reference not
verified].

Prunella fulvescens juldussica Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Boston
Soe. Nat. Hist., 38, p. 50 — defile of Naryn, Tian-shan.

Prunella fulvescens karlykensis Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Bos-
ton Soc. Nat. Hist., 38, p. 50 — Ortun-tam, south slope
of Karlyktag (near Hami).

Prunella fulvescens hissarica Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 38, p. 58 — Zerafshan, Lake Dschai,
Gusun-pass.

Breeds in the mountains of Tadzhikistan and Tien Shan

8 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

range, south to northern Afghanistan (?), and east Ladakh;
migrates through eastern Afghanistan and Wakhan; win-
ters, above 4,000 feet, in West Pakistan from Chitral to
Baltistan.

Prunella fulvescens dahurica (Taczanowski)

Accentor dahuricus Taczanowski, 1874, Journ. f. Orn., 22,
p. 320 — Stary Tsuruchaitui (Argun River, Transbai-
calia).

Prunella fulvescens mongolica Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Bos-
ton Soc. Nat. Hist., 38, p. 52 — near Kobdo town, north-
western Mongolia.

From the Dzhungarski Ala Tau range of eastern Alma
Ata along the ranges of the Russian-Chinese border to the
Altai of Tannu-Tuva and Mongolia, Irkutsk, Targabatai,
and the Sayan mountains; wintering at adjacent lower alti-
tudes.

Prunella fulvescens dresseri Hartert

Prunella fulvescens dresseri Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 770; new name for A.(ccentor) fulve-
scens var. pallidus Dresser, 1895, Birds Europe, 9, p.
105 — Karakash Valley; preoccupied by A. pallidus
Menzbier, 1887.

From the Muztagh Ata range on the border of Tadzhikis-

tan east in the Kunlun mountains of southwest Sinkiang
and northern Tibet, east to the Tsinghai-Kansu border.

— Prunella fulvescens nanschanica Sushkin

Prunella fulvescens nanschanica Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Bos-
ton Soc. Nat. Hist., 38, p. 51 — Kwei-Té-ting (or Gui-
dui), eastern Nan Shan, northern Kansu.

Prunella fulvescens nadiae Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 355 — Tao River valley, near
Choni, southwestern Kansu.

From the Nan Shan Mountains of the Tsinghai-Kansu

border south as far as the Tasurkai Shan.

~—.Prunella fulvescens khamensis Sushkin
Prunella fulvescens khamensis Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Bos-
ton Soc. Nat. Hist., 38, p. 54 — Re-chii River, Kham,
northeastern Tibet.
Northeastern Tibet and western China, in northern Si-

FAMILY PRUNELLIDAE 9

kang and southern Tsinghai, in the drainage area of the
upper Mekong and Yangste rivers.

Prunella fulvescens sushkini Collin and Hartert
Prunella fulvescens sushkini Collin and Hartert, 1927,
Novit. Zool., 34, p. 52; new name for Prunella fulvescens
tibetana Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,
38, p. 53 — Khamba-jong, Tibet; preoccupied by Ac-
centor collaris tibetanus Bianchi.
Southern and southeast Tibet, usually at tree line; winter-
ing in the same hills down to 7,500 feet.

= PRUNELLA OCULARIS
~ Prunella ocularis ocularis (Radde)

Accentor ocularis Radde, 1884, Ornis Caucasica, pp. 33,
244, pl. 14 — Kiisjurdi Mt., Talysh, Iranian border.
Breeds in the Armenian and Azerbaijan mountains of the
border between southern U.S.S.R., northeastern Turkey,
and Iran, east in the Elburz mountains of northern Iran to
eastern Khurasan.

Prunella ocularis fagani (Ogilvie-Grant)
Accentor fagani Ogilvie-Grant, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
31, p. 88 — Yemen.
Breeds in the high mountains of Yemen; rare straggler
in winter to lower elevations in the Aden Protectorate.

PRUNELLA ATROGULARIS

Prunella atrogularis atrogularis (Brandt)

Accentor atragularis (sic) Brandt, 1844, Bull. Phys.
Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, col. 140 — Semipala-
tinsk [reference not verified].

Breeds in the northern Ural Mountains east as far as the

Petchora River; wintering in Turkmenistan, Iran, and Af-
ghanistan; straggler to Gilgit.

/-Prunella atrogularis huttoni (Moore)

Accentor huttoni Moore, 1854, in Horsfield and Moore,
Cat. Birds Mus. East India Co., 1, p. 360; new name for
A. atrogularis Blyth (ex Hutton MS), 1849, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 18, p. 811 —ranges above Simla;
preoccupied by A. atrogularis Brandt.

10 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Prunella atrogularis menzbiert Portenko, 1929, Compt.
Rend. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, ser. A, p. 216 — Katon-
Karagai, southwestern Altai.

Prunella atrogularis lucens Portenko, 1929, Compt. Rend.
Acad. Sci. Leningrad, ser. A, p. 217 — Tzagma River,
central Tian Shan.

Breeds in Russian Altai, in the Dzhungarski Mountains on
the borders of Alma Ata and Sinkiang, and in Tadzhikistan ;
winters in Tadzhikistan, northeast Afghanistan, and in
West Pakistan and the Indian Himalayas east to East Pun-
jab and northern Uttar Pradesh.

PRUNELLA KOSLOWI

_Prunella koslowi (Przewalski)

Accentor Koslowi Przewalski, 1887, Zapiski Imp. Akad.
Nauk, 55, p. 88 — Alashan.

Prunella kozlowi tenella Kozlova, 1929, Ann. Mus. Zool.
Acad. Sci. [U.R.S.S.; Leningrad], 29 (1928), p. 275 —
Dzapkhan River, Narvanchy-kure region, Outer Mon-
golia.

Mountains of Mongolia and Ningsia; Khobdo, Gobi, and

Ala Shan.

PRUNELLA MODULARIS

Prunella modularis hebridium Meinertzhagen

Prunella modularis hebridium Meinertzhagen, 1934, Ibis,
p. 57 — South Uist, Outer Hebrides.

Prunella modularis hibernicus Meinertzhagen, 1934, Ibis,
p. 57 — Curragh, Ireland.

Ireland, western Scotland, and the Hebrides.

—Prunella modularis occidentalis (Hartert)

Accentor modularis occidentalis Hartert, 1910, Brit. Birds,
3; Dscolo. —-L ring.

Prunella modularis interposita Clancey, 1948, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 64, p. 14 — Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, north-
ern Scotland.

Scotland (excluding western Scotland), England, and
western France; non-breeding birds reach the Shetlands;
winters in southern half of its range and on the Continent;
introduced in New Zealand.

FAMILY PRUNELLIDAE 11

* Prunella modularis modularis (Linnaeus)

Motacilla modularis Linnaeus 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1,
p. 184— “Habitat in Europa” [= Sweden, ex Faun.
Svec., 1746, p. 89; vide Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna,
Drntdailis

Prunella modularis meinertzhageni Harrison and Pateff,
1937, Ibis, p. 612 — Beglik and Rila, Bulgaria.

Prunella modularis arduennus Verheyen, 1941, Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Belg., 17 (51), p. 5— Brumagne, Belgium.

Prunella modularis belousovi Uvarova, 1950, Ornitho-
fauna of the high mountain range Bassez, its ecological
and zoogeographical relationships — northern Urals
[reference not verified].

Breeds in Europe north to lat. 70° N. in Scandinavia, Fin-
land, and northwest Russia, east to the Urals, south to the
central parts of France, Corsica, Sardinia, central Italy,
southeastern Europe, and the Black Sea; winters in Europe,
Spain, north Africa, northern Turkey, and the Eastern
Mediterranean.

Prunella modularis mabbotti Harper

Prunella modularis mabbotti Harper, 1919, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 32, p. 243 —three kilometers south
of Saillagouse, Dept. of Pyrénées-Orientales, France.

Prunella modularis lusitanica Stresemann, 1928, Journ. f.
Orn., 76, p. 389; new name for (Tharrhaleus) Prunella
modularis obscura Tratz, 1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 50
— Oporto, Portugal; preoccupied by Motacilla obscura
Hablizl.

Breeds in Portugal, Spain, the Pyrenees, and southwestern

France; intergrading with the nominate form on the borders
of the range.

— Prunella modularis obscura (Hablizl)
Motacilla obscura Hablizl, 1783, Neue Nord. Beytrage, 4,
p. 56 — Gilan.
Accentor orientalis Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
7, p. 652 — Batoum, Black Sea.

Accentor modularis blanfordi Zarudny, 1904, Orn. Mon-
atsb., 12, p. 164— mountain oak-forest southwest of
Isfahan, Iran.

12 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Prunella modularis enigmatica Dunajewski, 1948, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 68, p. 131 — Yalta, Crimea.

Breeds in the Crimea, Caucasus, and northern and west-
ern Iran, east to the Elburz mountains; winters south to the
Zagros mountains, Luristan, and west to the mountains of
Lebanon.

Prunella modularis euxina Watson

Prunella modularis euxina Watson, 1961, Postilla, Yale
Univ., no. 52, p. 9— Ulu Dag [= Asiatic Mount Olym-
pus], Bursa, northwest Turkey.

Northern Turkey. Eastern range in Asia Minor unknown;

may meet preceding form in Transcaucasia or Turkish
Armenia.

PRUNELLA RUBIDA

Prunella rubida fervida (Sharpe)

Accentor fervidus Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7,
p. 6538 — Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.

Hokkaido and the southern Kurile Islands, north through
Uruppu.

Prunella rubida rubida (Temminck and Schlegel)
Accentor modularis rubidus Temminck and Schlegel, 1848,
in Siebold, Fauna Jap., Aves, p. 69. pl. 32 — Japan.
Breeds on Honshu; winters southward as far as northern
Kyushu and Shikoku (once, 1937).

PRUNELLA IMMACULATA
Prunella immaculata (Hodgson)

Acc.(entor) immaculatus Hodgson, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 34—central and northern regions of the
hills, Nepal.

Breeds from the central Himalayas in Nepal, east to Sik-

kim, Bhutan, southeast Tibet, Yunnan, and Szechuan; win-
ters south to northeast Burma.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE its}

FAMILY MUSCICAPIDAE
SUBFAMILY TURDINAE!
S. DILLON RIPLEY

cf. Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, pp. 1-

179 (North and Middle America).

Hartert, 1909-1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, pp. 603-606;
640-761.

Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, pp. 7-187.

La Touche, 1925, Birds Eastern China, 1, pp. 99-155.

Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, pp. 96-
126; 8, pp. 603-606 ; 619-626.
Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Aust., pt. 2, pp. 577-589.
Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser.,
13, pt. 7, pp. 8350-484 (North and South America).
Dementiev, 1935, Systema Avium Ross., Oiseau Rev.
France. Orn., pp. 237-265.

Bannerman, 1936, Birds Trop. West Africa, 4, pp. 309-
438.

Jackson, 1938, Birds Kenya Colony Uganda Protect., 2,
pp. 946-1013.

Witherby, et al., 1938, Handbook Brit. Birds, 2, pp. 104-
204 (biology and distribution).

Ripley, 1952, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 138, pp. 1-48 [+ 2
pp. addenda, 1953] (review).

Chapin, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75A, pp.
480-593 (Congo region).

Dementiev and Gladkov (editors), 1954, Birds Soviet
Union, 6, pp. 398-621.

Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1955, Birds Eastern and
North Eastern Africa, 2, pp. 227-333.

Amer. Orn. Union, 1957, Check-list North Amer. Birds,
ed. 5, pp. 480-448.

Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 333-
419.

Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, pp. 492-
538.

1 MS read, in whole or part, by E. R. Blake, J. Bond, R. M. de
Schauensee, A. L. Rand, M. A. Traylor, Jr., and A. Wetmore.

14 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

White, 1961, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 81, pp. 117-119;
150-152 (African genera).

Ripley, 1962, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 63, pp. 1-5 (notes
on genera).

GENUS BRACHYPTERYX HORSFIELD

Brachypteryx Horsfield, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
13, p. 157. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray,
1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 41), Brachypteryx
montana Horsfield.

Heteroxenicus Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 12,
p. 55. New name for Drymochares Gould, preoccupied
by Drymochares Mulsant, 1847, Coleoptera.

Heinrichia Stresemann, 1931, Orn. Monatsb., 39, p. 9.
Type, by original designation, Heinrichia calligyna
Stresemann.

ef. Rothschild, 1926, Novit. Zool., 33, pp. 270-271 (nipalen-
sis; montana).
Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, pp. 112-114 (cal-
ligyna).

BRACHYPTERYX STELLATA

Brachypteryx stellata stellata Gould
Brachypteryx (Drymochares) stellatus Gould, 1868, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 218 — Nepal.
Breeds in eastern Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, southeast
Tibet, and northeast Burma, from 7,000 to 14,000 feet.

Brachypteryx stellata fusca Delacour and Jabouille
Brachypteryx stellatus fuscus Delacour and Jabouille,
1930, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 397 — Chapa,
Tonkin.
Mountains of northern Tonkin.

BRACHYPTERYX HYPERYTHRA

Brachypteryx hyperythra Jerdon and Blyth
Brachypteryx hyperythra Jerdon and Blyth, 1861, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 201 — Darjeeling.
Eastern Nepal, Darjeeling, Sikkim, and Assam, in North
Lakhimpur, Daphla Hills, and (?) Naga Hills.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 15

BRACHYPTERYX MAJOR

— Brachypteryx major major (Jerdon)
Phoenicura major Jerdon, 1844, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci.,
13, p. 170 — Nilgiris.
Peninsular India, breeding in the Bababudan, Brahmagiri,
and Nilgiri Hills of Mysore and western Madras.

Brachypteryx major albiventris (Blanford)
Callene albiventris Blanford, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 833, pl. 89 — Palni Hills.
Peninsular India in the hills cf Kerala and southwestern
Madras, from the Palnis south to Tirunelveli and Mynall.

BRACHYPTERYX CALLIGYNA

—Brachypteryx calligyna simplex (Stresemann) (

Heinrichia calligyna simplex Stresemann, 1931, Orn.
Monatsb., 39, p. 81 — Matinan Mountains.
Matinan Mountains, northern Celebes.

Brachypteryx calligyna calligyna (Stresemann)
Heinrichia calligyna Stresemann, 1931, Orn. Monatsb., 39,
p. 9 — Latimodjong Mountains.
Mount Latimodjong, south-central Celebes.

Brachypteryx calligyna picta (Stresemann)
Heinrichia calligyna picta Stresemann, 1932, Orn. Mon-
asb., 40, p. 108 — Mengkoka Mountains.
Tanke Salokko, Mengkoka Mountains, above 4,900 feet,
southeastern Celebes.

BRACHYPTERYX LEUCOPHRYS

v Brachypteryx leucophrys nipalensis Hodgson
Brachypteryx nipalensis Hodgson, 1854, in Horsfield and
Moore, Cat Birds Mus. East India Co., 1, p. 397 —
Nepal.
Brachypteryx leucophrys geokichla Koelz, 1952, Journ.
Zool. Soc. India, 4, p. 41 — Karong, Manipur.
Breeds in the mountains of Garhwal, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhu-
tan, Burma (south to Tenasserim), and western Yunnan,
from the edge of the plains to 5,000 feet.

16 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Y Brachypteryx leucophrys carolinae La Touche
Brachypteryx carolinae La Touche, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 8, p. 9 — Kuatun, northwest Fukien.
Brachypteryx nipalensis harterti Weigold, 1922, Orn.
Monatsb. 30, p. 68 — Omei Shan, Szechwan.
Heteroxenicus nangka Riley, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 45, p. 59 — Pang Meton, northern Siam.
Breeds in northern Thailand, upper Laos, Tonkin, and in
China in Yunnan, Szechwan, and northwestern Fukien.

v Brachypteryx leucophrys langbianensis Delacour and Green-
way
Brachypteryx leucophrys langbianensis Delacour and
Greenway, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 181 — Pic
de Langbian, near Dalat, Annam.

The mountains of southern Laos and southern Annam
(Viet Nam).

Brachypteryx leucophrys wrayi Ogilvie-Grant

Brachypteryx wrayi Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 19, p. 10—Gunong Batu Putch and Gunong
Tahan, 5,300-7,000 ft.

Mountains of Malaya.

‘’ Brachypteryx leucophrys leucophrys (Temminck)
Myiothera leucophrys Temminck, 1827, Pl. Col., livr. 76,
pl. 448, fig. 1 — Java.

Mountains of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa,
and Timor Islands.

BRACHYPTERYX MONTANA
’ Brachypteryx montana cruralis (Blyth)

Calliope ? cruralis Blyth, 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
12, p. 929 — Darjeeling.

Heteroxenicus cruralis formaster Thayer and Bangs, 1912,
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 40, p. 169 — Mount Washan,
9,000-10,000 ft., western Szechwan.

Heteroxenicus cruralis laurentei La Touche, 1921, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 29 — Mengtz, southeast Yunnan.

Breeds in the mountains of Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, As-

sam, and Burma, south as far as the Chin Hills in the west
and Karenni in the east, western China in Sikang, Yunnan

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE ng

and Szechwan, migrating in winter as far as southwestern
Yunnan, extreme northern Thailand (Doi Anka), Viet Nam
in Tonkin and Annam (Dalat), and Laos.

¥Y Brachypteryx montana sinensis Rickett and La Touche
Brachypteryx sinensis Rickett and La Touche, 1897, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 6, p. 50 — Kuatun, northwest Fukien.
Resident in northwest Fukien, China.

Brachypteryx montana goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
Brachypteryx goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant, 1912, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 29, p. 108 — Mount Arizan, 8,000 ft., For-
mosa.
Formosa (Taiwan).

Brachypteryx montana sillimani Ripley and Rabor
Brachypteryx montana sillimani Ripley and Rabor, 1962,
Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 73, p. 6 — Magtaguimbong,
Mount Mantalingajan, 3,600-4,350 feet, Palawan Island,
Philippines.
Mountains of southern Palawan Island, Philippines.

VBrachypteryx montana poliogyna Ogilvie-Grant
Brachypteryx poliogyna Ogilvie-Grant, 1895, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 4, p. 40 — mountains of Lepanto, northern
Luzon.
Highlands of Luzon and Mindoro Islands, Philippines.

y Brachypteryx montana brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
Brachypteryx brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant, 1896, Ibis, p.
526 — Negros. /
Mountains of Negros Island, Philippines, above 3,500 feet.

Brachypteryx montana malindangensis Mearns
Brachypteryx malindangensis Mearns, 1909, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 36, p. 441 —— summit of Grand Malindang
Mountain, 9,000 ft., Misamis Province, northwestern
Mindanao, Philippine Islands.
Mount Malindang, Mindanao Island, Philippines.

Brachypteryx montana mindanensis Mearns

Brachypteryx mindanensis Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 18, p. 3— Mount Apo, 6,000 ft.
Mount Apo, Mindanao Island, Philippines.

18 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

\ Brachypteryx montana erythrogyna Sharpe
Bracnypteryx erythrogyna Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 389, pl.
10 — Kina Balu.
Mountains of northern Borneo, above 4,000 feet.

Brachypteryx montana saturata Salvadori
Brachypteryx saturata Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 14, p. 225 — Padang Highlands, Sumatra.
Mountains of Sumatra.

\. Brachypteryx montana montana Horsfield
Brachypteryx montana Horsfield, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 13, p. 157 —Java.
Mountains of Java.

Brachypteryx montana floris Hartert
Brachypteryx floris Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 170
— South Flores.
Mountains of Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Islands.

GENUS ZELEDONIA RIDGWAY

Zeledonia Ridgway, 1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11
(1888), p. 5387. Type, by monotypy, Zeledonia coronata
Ridgway.

ZELEDONIA CORONATA

., Zeledonia coronata Ridgway

Zeledonia coronata Ridgway, 1889, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
11 (1888), p. 538 — Laguna del Volcan de Poéas, Costa
Rica.

Zeledonia insperata Ridgway (ex Cherrie MS), 1907, Bull.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 72 — Volcan de Irazu.

Mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama.

GENUS ERYTHROPYGIA SMITH

Erythropygia A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa,
p. 46. Type, by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1883,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 72), Hrythropygia pec-
toralis Smith = Sylvia leucophrys Vieillot.

Agrobates Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 241. Type,
by monotypy, Sylvia galactotes Temminck.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 19

Tychaédon Richmond, 1917, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 53,
p. 575. Type, by original designation, Cossypha signata
Sundevall.

cf. Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, pp. 767-776.
Benson, 1946, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 67, pp. 32-33 (bar-
bata and quadrivirgata).
South African Orn. Soc. List. Comm., Second Rept.,
1958, Ostrich, 29, p. 40 (signata and leucophrys).

ERYTHROPYGIA CORYPHAEUS

~/ Erythropygia coryphaeus coryphaeus (Lesson)

Sylvia coryphaeus Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 419, ex
Levaillant, 1824, Oiseaux Afrique, 3, pl. 120, “‘Le Cor-
iphée” — Sondag and Zwarte-kop Rivers; restricted to
Uitenhage, Sunday River, Cape Province by Macdonald,
1952, Bull, Brit; Orn. Club, 72; p. 91.

Erythropygia coryphaeus abbott: Friedmann, 19382, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 45, p. 65 — Fish River, 6 miles
from Berseba, South West African Protectorate.

Southern South West Africa in Nama Land, Great Nama-

qualand east to southern Bechuanaland, and South Africa
in Orange Free State, and Cape Province west to the Touws
River.

\ Erythropygia coryphaeus cinerea Macdonald
Erythropygia coryphaeus cinereus Macdonald, 1952, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 72, p. 91 — 16 miles north of Port Nol-
loth, Little Namaqualand.
Lower Orange River, South West Africa south to the Cape
Flats, Cape Province east to Stilbaai and Zoutendalsvallei,
Bredasdorp District.

ERYTHROPYGIA LEUCOPHRYS

Vv Erythropygia leucophrys leucoptera (Riippell)
Salicaria leucoptera Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers. Vog.
Nord-ost.-Afr., pl. 15 — Shoa district.
Northern Somalia, southern Ethiopia south to northern
Kenya from Lake Rudolf southeast to the lower Tana River
and northeastern Uganda, southeastern and southern Sudan.

20 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Erythropygia leucophrys eluta Bowen

Erythropygia leucophrys eluta Bowen, 1934, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 47, p. 159 — Kismayu, Jubaland.

Erythropygia leucoptera pallida Benson, 1942, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 63, p. 14 — Serenli, Juba River.

Southern Somalia.

VV Erythropygia leucophrys brunneiceps Reichenow

Erythropygia brunneiceps Reichenow, 1891, Journ. f.
Orn., 39, p. 68 — Nguruman, near Lake Natron.
Erythropygia ukambensis Sharpe, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 11, p. 28 — Ukambani.
Central Kenya and Tanganyika, from Kidong Valley to
Ukamba, south to Manyara, Uaso Nyiro and Mount Kili-
manjaro, intergrading with zambesiana in the Simba area.

V Erythropygia leucophrys vulpina Reichenow
Erythropygia vulpina Reichenow, 1891, Journ. f. Orn.,39,
p. 62 — Ndi in Teita.

Kenya in the Teita and south Ukamba districts south to
northeastern Tanganyika.

V Erythropygia leucophrys zambesiana Sharpe

Erythropygia zambesiana Sharpe, 1882, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 588, pl. 45 — Tete, Lower Zambesi.

Erythropygia leucophrys soror Reichenow, 1905, Vog.
Afr., 3, p. 774 — East Africa; restricted to Klein Aru-
scha by Sclater, 19380, Syst. Av. Aethiop., 2, p. 483.

Erythropygia ruficauda iubilaea Grote, 1927, Orn. Mon-
atsb., 35, p. 108 — Mikindani, south coast German East
Africa.

Erythropygia ruficauda iodomera Grote, 1927, Orn. Mon-

atsb., 35, p. 104 — Usegua, Tanganyika.

Coastal Kenya from the Tana River south, and Tangan-
yika in the coastal area inland to Arusha and Shire Valley,
south to northern Mozambique and Nyasaland, west in
northeastern Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia,
except the west and south, to southeastern Congo.

Erythropygia leucophrys vansomereni Sclater

Erythropygia leucophrys vansomerent Sclater, 1929, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 49, p. 62 — Mokia, Ruwenzori.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE Pall

Erythropygia leucoptera sclaterit Grote, 1930, Bateleur, 2,
p. 14 — Iringa, Uhehe, Tanganyika.

Erythropygia leucophrys jungens Bowen, 1934, Proc. Biol.
Soe. Washington, 47, p. 162 — Kabelolot Hill, Sotik
District, Kenya.

Eastern Congo border, Uganda except the northeast,

western Kenya, and Tanganyika, west of the range of the
preceding form, south to Iringa and Morogoro.

, Erythropygia leucophrys munda (Cabanis) /v » |
Thamnobia munda Cabanis, 1880, Orn. Centralbl., p. 143
— Malandje, northern Angola [reference not verified].
Erythropygia ruficauda Sharpe, 1882, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 589, pl. 54 — Malimbe, Portuguese Congo.
Erythropygia ansorgii Ogilvie-Grant, 1914, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 33, p. 134 — Malange, North Angola.
Erythropygia leucophrys saturata Neumann, 1920, Journ.
f. Orn., 68, p. 83 — Yambuja, lower Aruwimi.
Erythropygia munda ovamboensis Neumann, 1920, Journ.
f. Orn., 68, p. 83 — Ombongo and Ovankenyama.
Erythropygia leucoptera permutata Grote, 1930, Orn.
Monatsb., 38, p. 187 — Huxe, (Benguella, Angola).
Erythropygia leucophrys kabalii White, 1944, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 64, p. 49 — Chikonkwelo stream, Balovale.
Congo except the extreme east and southeast, Angola,
western Northern Rhodesia, and northern South West
Africa in Damaraland and Ovamboland.

Erythropygia leucophrys makalaka Neumann

Erythropygia makalaka Neumann, 1920, Journ. f. Orn.
68, p. 88 — Makalaka Land, north of the Limpopo.

Western Southern Rhodesia, in Matabeleland, south into
northern Bechuanaland and Ngamiland.

Erythropygia leucophrys limpopoensis Roberts
Erythropygia leucophrys limpopoensis Roberts, 19382,
Ann. Transvaal Mus., 15, p. 30 — Bubye River, South-
ern Rhodesia.
Southeastern Southern Rhodesia, southern Mozambique
to northeastern Transvaal, and Mashonaland.

a

22, CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

‘ Erythropygia leucophrys pectoralis Smith

Erythropygia pectoralis A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped.
Centr. Africa, p. 46 — between Orange River and Kur-
richaine [=Kurrichane], western Transvaal.

Southwestern Southern Rhodesia, eastern and southern

Bechuanaland, Transvaal (except northeast), and Swazi-
land.

. Erythropygia leucophrys leucophrys (Vieillot)

Sylvia leucophrys Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 11, p. 191— Gamtoos River, eastern Cape
Province, ex Levaillant, 1802, Oiseaux Afrique, 3, pl.
118, “Le Grivetin.”’

Southern and eastern Cape Province and Natal, including

Zululand.

ERYTHROPYGIA HARTLAUBI

./Erythropygia hartlaubi Reichenow

Erythropygia hartlaubi Reichenow, 1891, Journ. f. Orn.,
39, p. 68 — Mutjara [= Mutsora, near Ruwenzori, Con-
go].

Erythropygia hartlaubi kenia van Someren, 1930, Journ.
East Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 9 (1931), p. 196 —
Mount Kenya.

Western Cameroons, Congo, Uganda, Kenya east to Mount

Kenya, and northern Angola.

ERYTHROPYGIA GALACTOTES

Erythropygia galactotes galactotes (Temminck)

Sylvia galactotes Temminck, 1820, Man. Orn., ed. 2, 1,
p. 182 — Algéciras, southern Spain.

Breeds in Portugal and southern Spain (southern France,
rarely), Balearic Islands, North Africa from Morocco to
Algeria, including the desert areas, east to Egypt, northern
Sinai Peninsula, Israel, and Jordan; winters south to south-
ern Sahara, southern Sudan, Nile and Red Sea coast. Strag-
gler to Italy, Malta, British Isles, and Heligoland.

Erythropygia galactotes syriaca (Hemprich and Ehrenberg)

Curruca galactodes var. syriaca Hemprich and Ehren-

berg, 1883, Symb. Phys., fol. bb — Syria [= Beirut, vide
Hartert, 1909, op. cit., p. 605].

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 23

Erythropygia plebeia Reichenow, 1904, Orn. Monatsb.,
12, p. 27 — Masinde, East Africa.

Breeds in southern Yugoslavia along the Dalmatian
coast, Albania, Greece, Aegean Islands (Samothrace, north-
ern Sporades, Kythera, Mytilene, and Rhodes), southern
Bulgaria, Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon; Persian Gulf coast
of Saudi Arabia; migrates in winter to Somaliland, Kenya,
and Arabia.

Erythropygia galactotes familiaris (Ménétriés)

Sylvia familiaris Ménétriés, 1832, Cat. Rais. Obj. Zool.
Caucase, p. 32 —banks of the Kura, near Salyany,
southeastern Azerbaijan.

Aedon familiaris deserticola Buturlin, 1908, Nasha Ok-
hota, p. 8— Artyk, Transcaspia [reference not veri-
fied].

Aedon familiaris transcaspica Buturlin, 1909, Nasha Ok-
hota, p. 58, new name for preceding [reference not
verified].

Aedon familiaris persica Zarudny and Harms, 1911,
Journ. f. Orn., 59, p. 288 — Mesopotamia, Zagros, and
Baluchistan Districts.

Agrobates galactodes iranica ‘“Zarudny” = Ticehurst,
1922, Ibis, p. 548 — Zagros Mountains and Baluchistan.
In errore.

Breeds in the southern Caucasus, Iran, Iraq, Afghani-
stan, Kirghizstan, Tadzhikistan, and West Pakistan, in
Baluchistan and North West Frontier Province; wintering
in southern Arabia, Iran, Iraq, southern West Pakistan, in
Baluchistan, West Punjab, and Sind, and in India, in Kutch,
Saurashtra, and Rajasthan.

Erythropygia galactotes minor (Cabanis)
A.(edon) minor Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 39 —
Abyssinia.
Sylvia oliviae Alexander, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 23,
p. 15 — vicinity of Lake Chad.

Senegal, French Sahara, from Ahaggar and Air, south to
northern Nigeria and northern Cameroon, east to Sudan,
Red Sea hills, Kordofan and Darfur, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and
northern Somaliland.

24 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Erythropygia galactotes hamertoni Ogilvie-Grant
Erythropygia hamertoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 19, p. 24— Beira and Wagar Mountains,
Somaliland.
Known only from type locality in Northern Somalia.

ERYTHROPYGIA PAENA

Erythropygia paena benguellensis Hartert
Erythropygia paena benguellensis Hartert, 1907, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 19, p. 96 — Huxe, Benguella.
Angola, in Benguella Province.

Erythropygia paena paena Smith
Erythropygia paena Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr.
Africa, p. 46—between Latakoo and the Tropic
[= north of Kuruman, northern Cape Province].
Erythropygia paena damarensis Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 19, p. 96 — Omaruru, Damaraland.

South West Africa in Namaland, Kaokoveld, Damaraland
and southern Great Namaqualand, southwestern Southern
Rhodesia, Bechuanaland, and South Africa, in western
Transvaal and northern Cape Province.

Erythropygia paena oriens Clancey
Erythropygia paena oriens Clancey, 1957, Durban Mus.
Novit., 5, p. 45—Glen, on Modder River, north of
Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, South Africa.
West Orange Free State, west to the Kimberley area,
southern Transvaal, and northern Cape Province, where it
intergrades with the preceding form.

ERYTHROPYGIA LEUCOSTICTA

Erythropygia leucosticta leucosticta (Sharpe)
Cossypha leucosticta Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
7, p. 44, pl. 1 — Accra.
Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ghana.

Erythropygia leucosticta collsi Alexander
Erythropygia collsit Alexander, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
19, p. 46 — Libokwa, Welle River.
Heavy forests of the northeastern Congo region from

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE PAS

Stanleyville and the Lower Uelle to the vicinity of Irumu
and Beni.

Erythropygia leucosticta reichenowi Hartert
Erythropygia reichenowi Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 19, p. 95 — Canhoca.
Angola, from the type locality south along the escarp-
ment to northern Huila.

ERYTHROPYGIA QUADRIVIRGATA

Erythropygia quadrivirgata erlangeri Reichenow
Erythropygia quadrivirgata erlangerit Reichenow, 1905,
Vog. Afr., 3, p. 770 — lower course of the Juba River,
between Bardera and Umfudu, Southern Somaliland.
Juba River, Somalia.

Erythropygia quadrivirgata quadrivirgata (Reichenow)

Thamnobia quadrivirgata Reichenow, 1879, Orn. Cen-
tralbl., p. 114 — Kapini [= Kipini], lower Tana River
[reference not verified].

Erythropygia quadrivirgata rovumae Grote, 1921, Orn.
Monatsb., 29, p. 109— Mbarangandu River, Upper
Rovuma.

Coastal districts of Kenya and Tanganyika south to
Mozambique, as far south as the districts of Tete, Sofala,
Manica, and northern Sul do Save (south to just north of
Delagoa Bay, and extending up the Zambesi River to the
region between Feira and Chirundu where intergrades oc-
cur with the subspecies interna), Southern Rhodesia, in
eastern Mashonaland, south to Nuanetsi, and northern and
eastern Transvaal.

Erythropygia quadrivirgata interna Clancey
Krythropygia quadrivirgata interna Clancey, 1962, Dur-
ban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 156 — Zambesi River Valley, 15
mi. west of Victoria Falls, northwestern Southern
Rhodesia.

Eastern Caprivi Strip, adjacent Bechuanaland to north-
west Southern Rhodesia (mainly along the Zambesi and
tributaries), east to Mozambique (Chirindu and Feira see
above), Northern Rhodesia, in southern Barotseland and
the central and southern provinces, and adjacent southeast
Angola.

26 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Erythropygia quadrivirgata wilsoni (Roberts)

Tychaedon barbata wilsoni Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 18, pp. 209 — Mosie Store near Maputa, north-
eastern Zululand.

Natal, in Zululand from Lake St. Lucia north to Mo-

zambique in the Maputo district of Sul do Save, southeast
Swaziland, and southeast Transvaal.

Erythropygia quadrivirgata greenwayi Moreau
Erythropygia barbata greenwayit Moreau, 1938, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 58, p. 64 — Mafia Island, Tanganyika
Territory.
Mafia Island and Zanzibar.

ERYTHROPYGIA BARBATA

___ Erythropygia barbata (Hartlaub and Finsch)
Cossypha barbata Hartlaub and Finsch, 1870, in Finsch
and Hartlaub, Vog. Ost.-Afr., p. 864 — Benguella
[= Caconda, Benguella, vide Barboza du Bocage, 1881,
Orn. Angola, p. 261].
Angola, Northern Rhodesia and central and northern
Nyasaland.
ERYTHROPYGIA SIGNATA }

Erythropygia signata signata (Sundevall) / /

Cossypha signata Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad.
Forh., 7, p. 101 — Caffraria inferiore; type from Umh-
langa, Natal.

South Africa in eastern Cape Province and Natal, in-

cluding southern Zululand.

Erythropygia signata tongensis (Roberts)

Tychaedon signata tongensis Roberts, 1931, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus., 14, p. 242 — Mangusi Forest, North Zulu-
land.

South Africa, in Natal in the coastal forests of north-

eastern Zululand.

Erythropygia signata oatleyi Clancey

Erythropygia signata oatleyi Clancey, 1956, Durban Mus.
Novit., 4, p. 251 — Woodbush Forest Reserve, 5,000 ft.,
Pietermaritzburg District, northern Transvaal.

Known only from the type locality in northern Transvaal.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE Po

GENUS NAMIBORNIS BRADFIELD

Namibornis Bradfield, 1985, Description of new races
of Kalahari birds and mammals; a leaflet reprinted,
1936, Auk, 53, p. 181. Type, by monotypy, Bradornis
Herero De Schawensee (sic).

NAMIBORNIS HERERO

amibornis herero (de Schauensee)

Bradornis herero de Schauensee, 19381, Proc. Acad. Sci.
Philadelphia, 83, p. 449 — Karibib, Damaraland, South
West Africa.

Western Damaraland, South West Africa.

GENUS CERCOTRICHAS Bolg

Cercotrichas Boie, 1831, Isis, p. 542. Type, by subsequent
designation (Finsch and Hartlaub, 1870, Vog. Ost.-
Afr., p. 249), Turdus erythropterus Gmelin = Turdus
podobe Miiller.

CERCOTRICHAS PODOBE

\/ Cercotrichas podobe podobe (Miiller)
Turdus podobe P. L. S. Miiller, 1776, Syst. Nat., Suppl.,
p. 145 — Senegal.

Senegal; Gambia (?) ; east along the thorn savannah belt
through French Sudan and Niger, northern Nigeria, south
to Maiduguri, northern Cameroun, Lake Chad area, to Su-
dan, Darfur, Kordofan, south to lat. 10° N., east to Red Sea
Province and northern British Somaliland.

Cercotrichas podobe melanoptera (Hemprich and Ehrenberg)

Sphenura erythroptera var. melanoptera Hemprich and
Ehrenberg, 1833, Symb. Phys., fol. dd — Arabia [= Kun-
fuda, Yemen].

Western Saudi Arabia from 100 miles north of Jidda

south to Yemen, the Aden Protectorate, and east to the
Hadramaut.

GENUS PINARORNIS SHARPE
Pinarornis Sharpe, 1876, in Layard, Birds South Africa,

p. 230. Type, by monotypy, Pinarornis plumosus
Sharpe.

28 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PINARORNIS PLUMOSUS

_——~Pinarornis plumosus Sharpe
Pinarornis plumosus Sharpe, 1876, in Layard, Birds
South Africa, p. 230 — Victoria Falls [errore = Mato-
pos Hills, Matabeleland, vide Irwin, 1957, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 77, pp. 9-10].
Pinarornis rhodesiae Chubb, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
21, p. 110 — Manzinyama, Gambo Kraal.

Southern Rhodesia from southern Matabeleland (not west
of Bulawayo) patchily distributed to northeastern Mashona-
land, below 6,000 feet; adjacent Bechuanaland in the area
between Francistown and the southern Rhodesia border.

GENUS CHAETOPS SWAINSON

Chaétops Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson,
Fauna Bor.-Amer., (1831), p. 486. Type, by original
designation, Ch.(aétops) Burchelli Swainson = Malurus
frenatus Temminck.

CHAETOPS FRENATUS

——Chaetops frenatus frenatus (Temminck)
Malurus frenatus Temminck, 1826, Pl. Col., livr. 65, pl.
385 — South Africa [= River Zonde Einde Mountains,
Cape Province, vide Vincent, 1952, Check List Birds
South Africa, p. 64].
Western Cape Province, South Africa, from the Cedar-
burg Mountains, near Clanwilliam, eastward to Knysna.

Chaetops frenatus aurantius Layard
Chaetops aurantius Layard, 1867, Birds South Africa, p.
126 — near Graaff Reinet, Cape Province.
Eastern Cape Province, in Graaff Reinet Mountains, Ba-
sutoland, and Natal.

GENUS DRYMODES GouULD

Drymodes Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 170.
Type, by monotypy, Drymodes brunneopygia Gould.
Drymodina Iredale, 1956, Birds New Guinea, 2, p. 83.
Type, by original designation, Drymodes brevirostris

De Vis.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 29

DRYMODES BRUNNEOPYGIA

_—Drymodes brunneopygia brunneopygia Gould / ¢ ~ a

Drymodes brunneopygia Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 170 — belts of the Murray in South Aus-
tralia.

Drymodes brunneopygia victoriae Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 332 — Victoria.

Australia in interior of New South Wales, Victoria, and

eastern South Australia.

Drymodes brunneopygia pallidus (Sharpe)

Drymaoedus pallidus Sharpe, 18838, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
7, p. 344— western Australia; restricted to Shark’s
Bay, West Australia, by Mathews, 1921, Birds Aus-
tralia, 9, p. 206.

Drymodes brunneopygia intermedia Mathews, 1921, Birds
Australia, 9, p. 214 — South Australia.

Mallee country of southern and western South Australia,

northwest to the Peron Peninsula.

DRYMODES SUPERCILIARIS

Drymodes superciliaris beccarii Salvadori
Drymoedus beccarii Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 7, p. 965 — Arfak Mountains.
New Guinea in the Arfak and Wandammen Mountains.

Drymodes superciliaris nigriceps Rand
Drymodes superciliaris nigriceps Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1074, p. 1— Bernhard Camp, Idenburg
River, Netherlands New Guinea.
New Guinea in the Cyclops Mountains and northern slope
of the Oranje Range.

Drymodes superciliaris brevirostris (De Vis)

Drymaoedus brevirostris De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 886 —
British New Guinea; restricted to Boirave, Orangerie
Bay, by Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 110.

Drymodes beccarii adjacens Mathews, 1921, Birds Aus-
tralia, 9, p. 218 — Aru Islands.

Southeastern and southern New Guinea (Oriomo) and

Aru Islands.

30 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Drymodes superciliaris colcloughi Mathews

Drymodes superciliaris colcloughi Mathews, 1914, Austral
Avian Rec., 2, p. 97 — Roper River, Northern Territory.
Northern Territory, Australia.

Drymodes superciliaris superciliaris Gould
Drymodes superciliaris Gould, 1850, in Jardine, Contrib.
Orn., p. 105 — Cape York, Queensland.

Cape York Peninsula, north Queensland, south to the
Coen River, Australia.

GENUS POGONOCICHLA CABANIS

Pogonocichla Cabanis, 1847, Arch. f. Naturg., 13, pt. 1,

p. 314. Type, by original designation, Muscicapa stel-
lata Vieillot.

Swynnertonia Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p.
232. Type, by monotypy, Hrythracus swynnertoni Shel-
ley.

cf. Moreau, 1951, Ibis, 93, pp. 383-401 (geographic varia-
tion and plumage sequence).

POGONOCICHLA STELLATA
Pogonocichla stellata ruwenzorii (Ogilvie-Grant)
Tarsiger ruwenzorii Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 19, p. 83— East Ruwenzori, 6,000-9,000 ft.,
[= Mubuku Valley, western Uganda, vide Sclater, 1930,
Syst. Av. Aethiop., 2, p. 487].
Tarsiger eurydesmus Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16,
p. 48 — Rugege Forest.
Northeastern Congo in the mountains from Ruwenzori
and the highlands northwest of Lake Edward, through Kivu

District to the mountains northwest of Lake Tanganyika;
extreme western Uganda.

Pogonocichla stellata elgonensis (Ogilvie-Grant)

Tarsiger elgonensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 27, p. 56 — Mount Elgon.
Higher slopes of Mount Elgon, Uganda-Kenya boundary.

Pogonocichla stellata guttifer (Reichenow and Neumann)

Tarsiger guttifer Reichenow and Neumann, 1895, Orn.
Monatsb., 3, p. 76 — Kifinika, 3,000 m., Kilimanjaro.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 31

Pogonocichla intensa Sharpe, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
11, p. 67 — Ntebi [= Entebbe], 3,800 ft., Uganda, errore
= Mau, Kenya, vide Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1941,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 61, p. 38.

Pogonocichla stellata keniensis Mearns, 1911, Smiths.
Mise. Coll., 56 (20), p. 9 — Mount Kenya.

Pogonocichla cucullata helleri Mearns, 19138, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 61 (10), p. 1— Mount Mbololo summit, 4,400
ft., British East Africa.

Southern Sudan mountains, south in Kenya highlands at
Gargues, Nyiro, and Kulal; does not occur on Elgon, Marsa-
bit, and Chyulu ranges; northeastern Tanganyika highlands
as far as Mount Kilimanjaro.

Pogonocichla stellata macarthuri van Someren
Pogonocichla stellata macarthuri van Someren, 1939,
Journ. East Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 83 —
Chyulu Range.
Chyulu Range, southeastern Kenya.

Pogonocichla stellata orientalis (Fischer and Reichenow)

Tarsiger orientalis Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ.

f. Orn., 32, p. 57 — Pangani (Kiistengebiet).

Pogonocichla johnstoni Shelley, 1898, Ibis, p. 18 — Milan-

ji Plateau.

Tarsiger olivaceus Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p.

100 — Ukinga.

Tarsiger johnstoni montanus Reichenow, 1906, Orn. Mo-

natsb., 14, p. 172 — Usambara.

Tanganyika lowlands (Usambara, Uluguru, Pugu, and
Kilosa), Kiboriani Mountain, mountains north and east of
Lake Nyasa and on eastern side of Lake Tanganyika; moun-
tains of Nyasaland; Northern Rhodesia (Nyika and Mukutu

Mountains) ; Mozambique (Unangu and Namuli Moun-
tains).

Pogonocichla stellata transvaalensis (Roberts)
Tarsiger stellatus transvaalensis Roberts, 1912, Journ. 8.
African Orn. Un., 8, p. 21— Woodbush, Transvaal.
Tarsiger stellatus chirindensis Roberts, 1914, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus., 4, p. 175 — Chirinda, Mashonaland.

32 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Eastern border of Southern Rhodesia, northeast Trans-
vaal, and Mozambique in Gazaland south to Lourenco
Marques.

Pogonocichla stellata lebombo Roberts

Pogonocichla stellata lebombo Roberts, 1935, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus., 18, p. 208 — Ingwavuma Forest, Lebombo
Mountains, Zululand.

Lebombo Mountains, Zululand-Swaziland border, South

Africa.

Pogonocichla stellata stellata (Vieillot)

Muscicapa stellata Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 21, p. 468, ex Levaillant, 1805, Oiseaux Af-
rique, 4, pl. 157, ‘“L’Etoile’” — Plettenberg Bay, Cape
Province.

Pogonocichla margaritata Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Sv.
Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, p. 104— “Caffraria inferiore s.
propria;” type from Pietermaritzburg, Natal, vide
Gyldenstolpe, 1926, Ark. f. Zool., 19A, p. 54.

Cape Province, South Africa, from Knysna north and east

to Orange Free State (Bosch), Natal, and Zululand (north
to Eshowe and Richards Bay).

POGONOCICHLA SWYNNERTONI

Pogonocichla swynnertoni (Shelley)
Erythracus swynnertoni Shelley, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 16, p. 125 — Chirinda Forest, Mashonaland.
Eastern border of Southern Rhodesia, in the Chirinda
Mountains from Mount Selinda to the Vumba, in evergreen
forest.
GENUS ERITHACUS CUVIER

Erithacus Cuvier, 1800, Lecons Anat. Comp., 1, tab. 2.
Type, by monotypy, Motacilla Rubecula Linnaeus.

Luscinia Forster, 1817, Synop. Cat. Brit. Birds, p. 14.
Type, by monotypy, “Sylvia luscinia” = Luscinia megar-
hynchos Brehm.

Aedon Forster, 1817, Synop. Cat. Brit. Birds, pp. 14; 53.
Type, by monotypy, Aedon luscinia Forster = Motacilla
luscinia Linnaeus.

Cyanosylvia Brehm, 1828, Isis, col. 920. Type, by mono-
typy, Motacilla sinensis Linnaeus.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 33

~Cyanecula Brehm, 1828, Handl. Vég. Deutschl., p. 349
Type, by monotypy, Motacilla suecica Linnaeus.

Calliope Gould, 1836, Birds Europe, pt. 2, pl. 118, text.
Type, by monotypy, Calliope Lathamii Gould = Motacilla
calliope Pallas.

Larvivora Hodgson, 1837, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 6,
p. 102. Type, by original designation, Motacilla cyane
Pallas.

Nemura Hodgson, 1844, in Gray, Zool. Misc., p. 88, nom.
nud. Idem, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 27. Type,
by subsequent designation (Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 132), Nemura rufilata Hodgson.

Tarsiger Hodgson, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 28,
ex Hodgson, in Gray, 1844, Zool. Misc., p. 88, nom. nud.
Type, by monotypy, Tarsiger chrysaeus Hodgson.

Ianthia Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, pt. 1, p.
132, new name for Nemura Hodgson, nec Nemura
Latreille, 1798.

Stiphrornis Hartlaub, 1855, Journ. f. Orn., 3, p. 355. Type,
by original designation, Stiphrornis erythrothorax
Hartlaub (ex Temminck MS).

‘TIcoturus Stejneger, 1886, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 643.
Type, by original designation, Icoturus namiyei Stej-
neger.

“Sheppardia Haagner, 1909, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 1, p.
180. Type, by monotypy, Sheppardia gunningi Haagner.

Pseudaédon Buturlin, 1910, Mess. Orn., ann. 1 (2), pp.
136; 139. Type, by monotypy, Larvivora sibilans Swin-
hoe.

Vibrissosylvia Neumann, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68, p. 78.
Type, by monotypy, Callene cyornithopsis Sharpe.

cf. Witherby et al., 1938, Handbook Brit. Birds, 2, pp.

187; 199 (megarhyncha, rubecula).

Macdonald, 1940, Ibis, pp. 663-671 (sharpei, gunningi).

Prigogine, 1954, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 50, pp. 1-12
(aequatorialis and erythrothoraz).

Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1731, pp. 1-14
(Hrithacus, Luscinia, Tarsiger) .

Ripley, 1958, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 37, pp. 1-3 (ob-
scurus and pectardens).

Hall, 1961, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 81, pp. 45-46 (gabela).

34 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

ERITHACUS GABELA
Erithacus gabela (Rand)

Muscicapa gabela Rand, 1957, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago],
39, p. 41 — 15 kilometers south of Gabela, Angola.
Known only from the type locality.

ERITHACUS CYORNITHOPSIS
Erithacus cyornithopsis houghtoni (Bannerman)

Sheppardia cyornithopsis houghtont Bannerman, 1931,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 51, p. 128 — Sugarloaf Forest,
near Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Evergreen forest in Sierra Leone and Liberia.

Erithacus cyornithopsis cyornithopsis (Sharpe)
Callene cyornithopsis Sharpe, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
12, p. 4 — Efulen, Kamerun.
Lowland forest of southern Cameroons.

Erithacus cyornithopsis lopezi (Alexander)
Callene lopezi Alexander, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 19,
p. 46 — Libokwa, Welle River.
Forests of northeastern Congo, ranging to central Congo
and Uganda (Manzira Forest near Masaka).

Erithacus cyornithopsis acholiensis (Macdonald)

Sheppardia aequatorialis acholiensis Macdonald, 1940,
Ibis, p. 670 — Kitibol, Acholi Hills.
Imatong Mountains, southern Sudan.

ERITHACUS AEQUATORIALIS
- Erithacus aequatorialis (Jackson)
Callene aequatorialis Jackson, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
16, p. 46 — Kericho, Lumbwa.
Highlands of the eastern Congo from Ituri, Kivu District,
to the base of Mount Elgon; Ruanda; Uganda; and western
Kenya to western base of the Mau Plateau.

ERITHACUS ERYTHROTHORAX

Erithacus erythrothorax erythrothorax (Hartlaub)

Stiphrornis erythrothorax Hartlaub, 1855, Journ. f. Orn.,
3, p. 855 — Dabocrom.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE a5

Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana (Gold Coast), and southern
Nigeria north to lat. 9° N.

Erithacus erythrothorax gabonensis (Sharpe)
Stiphrornis gabonensis Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus., 7, p. 174, pl. 6, fig. 2 — Gabon.
Fernando Po Island and coastal region of Cameroons and
Gabon.

Erithacus erythrothorax xanthogaster (Sharpe)
Stiphrornis xanthogaster Sharpe, 19038, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 14, p. 19 — River Ja.
Southern and southeast Cameroons and Congo along the
Middle Congo River.

Erithacus erythrothorax mabirae (Jackson)
Stiphrornis mabirae Jackson, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
25, p. 85 — Mabira Forest, Uganda.
Congo, in the eastern half of the upper Congo forest, and
Uganda, in forest patches east to the Mabira.

ERITHACUS SHARPEI
Erithacus sharpei usambarae (Macdonald)

Sheppardia sharpei usambarae Macdonald, 1940, Ibis, p.
669 — Amani Forest, Usambara Mountains, Tangan-
yika Territory.

Forests of Usambara and Ngura Mountains, Tanganyika.

____Erithacus sharpei sharpei (Shelley)

Callene sharpei Shelley, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13,
p. 60 — Masisi Hill.

Sheppardia cyornithopsis bangsi Friedmann, 1930, Occ.
Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 323 — Uluguru,
Tanganyika Territory.

Mountain forests of southwest Tanganyika and northern

Nyasaland.

ERITHACUS GUNNINGI
Erithacus gunningi sokokensis (van Someren)

Callene sokokensis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.

Club, 41, p. 125 — Sokoke Forest, coast of British East
Africa.

36 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Coastal areas of Kenya and Tanganyika, from Malindi to
the Pugu Hills.

Erithacus gunningi bensoni (Kinnear)

Sheppardia bensoni Kinnear, 1938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
58, p. 188 — near Nkata Bay, Chinteche District, West
Nyasa District, Nyasaland.

Rainforest in northwestern Nyasaland.

Erithacus gunningi gunningi (Haagner)
Sheppardia gunningi Haagner, 1909, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 1, p. 180 — Mzimbiti, near Beira.
Forests of central Mozambique.

ERITHACUS RUBECULA

_-— Erithacus rubecula melophilus Hartert

Erithacus rubecula melophilus Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool.,
8, p. 317 — British Isles; restricted to Hertfordshire
by Lack, 1946, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 66, p. 62.

EFrithacus rubecula hebridium Horniman, 1940, Prelim.
Descr. New Birds, p. 2 — Skye, Inner Hebrides; idem
Grant, 1956, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12, 9, p. 366.1

Breeds in the British Isles and on adjacent coast, where
intergrades with the nominate form in the region of the
North Sea and English Channel; winters on the home range;
some individuals migrating to Portugal, Italy (?), and North
Africa (Morocco).

——Erithacus rubecula rubecula (Linnaeus)

Motacilla Rubecula Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,
1, p. 188 — Europe [=Sweden, vide Linnaeus, 1746,
Fauna Svecica, no. 232].

Erithacus rubecula maior Prazak, 1897, Journ. f. Orn.,
45, p. 249 — Stryj, East Galicia.

E.(rithacus) r.(ubecula) microrhynchos Reichenow,
1906, Journ. f. Orn., 54, p. 1538 — Madeira.

Erithacus rubecula monnardi Kleinschmidt, 1916, Falco,
12, p. 14 — northeast Germany and Rhine.

1 Under Opinion 480 (1957, Ops. Decls. Internat. Comm. Zool. No-
mencl., 16, pp. 417-454) this name is suppressed for purposes of Law
of Priority, but not for those of Law of Homonymy.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE on

Erithacus rubecula atlas Lynes, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 40, p. 32 — Middle Atlas of Morocco.

Erithacus rubeculus armoricanus Lebeurier and Rapine,
1936, Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 6, p. 252 — Primel,
Plougasnou (Finistére).

Erithacus rubecula hispaniae von Jordans, 1950, Sylleg.
Biol. Leipzig, Festchr. O. Kleinschmidt, p. 174 — Li-
nares de Riofrio, Salamanca.

Breeds in western Europe from central coastal Norway,
central coastal Sweden, and central Finland east to the Urals
(intergrading with melophilus on the English Channel
islands and southern North Sea coast, and in color approach-
ing witherbyi in southern Spain and Portugal), south in
Europe to Italy and in northwest Morocco, and the Azores,
Madeira, and western Canary Islands; winters from western
France, England (scarce), and northwest Germany south
as far as eastern North Africa, Greece, and Egypt.

-—frithacus rubecula superbus Koenig )
Erithacus superbus Koenig, 1889, Journ. f. Orn., 37, p.
183 — higher region of Teneriffe.
Mountains of Teneriffe and Grand Canary, central Ca-
nary Islands.

——Erithacus rubecula witherbyi Hartert
Erithacus rubecula witherbyi Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 753 — Hamman R’Hira, north Algeria.
Erithacus rubecula lavaudeni Bannerman, 1926, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 24 — Les Sources, 2,200 ft., near
Ain Draham.
Breeds in eastern Algeria and Tunisia. Color variants of
rubecula approach witherbyi in southern Spain and Italy
(see Lack, 1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 67, pp. 52-54).

Erithacus rubecula sardus Kleinschmidt

Erithacus Dandalus sardus Kleinschmidt, 1906, Falco, p.
71 — Sardinia.
Mountains of Corsica and Sardinia, possibly intergrading
into the breeding form of Italy.

Erithacus rubecula balcanicus Watson

Erithacus rubecula balcanicus Watson, 1961, Postilla,
Yale Univ., no. 52, p. 6 — Boz Dag, 4,200 ft., Odemis,
Izmir, western Turkey.

38 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds from northern Yugoslavia south in Balkans
through Greece, Bulgaria, and northern and western Tur-
key; winters at lower altitudes, on the Aegean islands, and
in southern Turkey.

_Erithacus rubecula hyrcanus Blanford
Erithacus hyrcanus Blanford, 1874, Ibis, p. 79 — Ghilan
Province, Persia.

Erithacus rubecula caucasicus Buturlin, 1907, Orn. Mo-

natsb., 15, p. 9 — Caucasus and Transcaucasus.

Erithacus xanthothorax Salvadori and Festa, 19138, Boll.

Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, 28, no. 673, p. 15 —
Rhodes.
Erithacus rubeculus ciscaucasicus Buturlin, 1929, Syst.
Notes Birds N. Caucasus, p. 22 — Wladikawkaz.
E.(rithacus) r.(ubecula) valens Portenko, 1954, Birds
U.S:8.R., 3, p. 1938 — Crimea.

Intergrades with rubecula in the Caucasus; breeds in
eastern Turkey, Armenia, southeastern Russia, and Trans-
caspia; winters south to Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon (sub-
species ?), west to Greek islands (Rhodes) and to Fao on
the Persian Gulf.

Erithacus rubecula tataricus Grote

Erithacus rubecula tataricus Grote, 1928, Orn. Monatsb.,
36, p. 52 — Orenbourg District, Urals.

Breeds in Russia in western Siberia from the Ural Moun-
tains north to lat. 64° 20’ N. on the Pechora River, east to
Semipalatinsk (rare); vagrant to Tomsk and northwest
Mongolia, Kobdo, south to the lower Volga steppes; winters
south to Iran.

ERITHACUS AKAHIGE

— Erithacus akahige akahige (Temminck)

Sylvia akahige Temminck, 1835, Pl. Col., livr. 96, p. 571
— Riu Kius, south of Japan; corrected to Hondo by
Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 106.

Southern Kurile Islands, Sakhalin, Hokkaido, Honshu,

Shikoku; winter visitor to Kyushu, Formosa, and southern
China coast.

1 This name based on a winter migrant.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 39

__—— Erithacus akahige tanensis Kuroda

Erithacus akahige tanensis Kuroda, 1923 (March), Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 106 — Nishino-omote, Tanegashi-
ma, south of Kiu Siu (sic).

Evrithacus akahige sgectatoris (misprint for spectatoris)
Momiyama, 1923 (Dec.), Dobuts. Zasshi, 35, p. 4038 —
Hachijo (Island).

Luscinia akahige kobayashiti Momiyama, 1940, Dobuts.
Zasshi, 52, p. 463 — Yakushima.

Izu Islands, Tanegashima Island, and Yakushima Island,

southern Japan.

ERITHACUS KOMADORI

—Erithacus komadori komadori (Temminck)
Sylvia komadori Temminck, 1835, Pl. Col., livr. 96, pl. 570
— Korea; corrected to northern Riu Kius and Tanega-
shima by Kuroda, 1928, op. cit., p. 106.
Tanegashima; Amami-oshima and Tokunoshima, north-
ern Riu Kiu Islands.

—Erithacus komadori namiyei (Stejneger)
Icoturus namiyei Stejneger, 1886, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
9, p. 644 — Okinawa, Riu Kiu Islands.
Okinawa, central Riu Kiu Islands.

Erithacus komadori subrufus (Kuroda)

Icoturus komadori subrufus Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 43, p. 106 — Yonakuni Island, southernmost
island of Yaeyama Islands, southern Riu Kiu group.

Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Yonakuni, southern Riu Kiu

Islands.

ERITHACUS SIBILANS
“~~ Erithacus sibilans (Swinhoe)

Larvivora sibilans Swinhoe, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 292 — Macao, southeastern China.

P.(seudaédon) s.(ibilans) swistun Portenko, 1954, Birds
U.S.S.R., 3, p. 196 — Lake Mazharskoye, east of Minu-
sinsk.

Breeds in southern east Siberia from Lake Teletskoe, Al-

tai, along Yenisei River to Eloguya, lower Tunguska, Olek-
mi, mouth of the Aldan, south to the foothills of Altai, Sayan

40 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Mountains, southern Transbaikalia, crossing northeast China
to Vladivostock, Kamchatka and Sakhalin Island; winters in
China in southeast Yunnan, Kwangtung, northwest Fok-
hien, and northern Laos; migrant in Shaweishan, northeast
Chihli, Korea; straggler to Japan (Honshu and Shikoku).

ERITHACUS LUSCINIA

—~Erithacus luscinia (Linnaeus)

Motacilla Luscinia Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1,
p. 184 — ‘‘Europae frondosis’’; restricted to Sweden by
Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 736.

Breeds in coastal eastern Denmark, southern Sweden,
northeast Germany, southern Finland, Russia from the Bal-
tic east to west Siberia north to Kargopol, upper Vichegda,
Tobolsk to the western Altai (Krasnoyarsk, vagrant) ; Kara-
tau range; south to Karkaralinsk, middle Ural region, north-
ern Caucasus, Crimea west to southeast Europe, Austria,
Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Rumania; wintering in Northern
and Southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Kenya, Sudan, Somali-
land, and southern Arabia; migrant in Israel, Lebanon,
Egypt, and Iraq.

ERITHACUS MEGARHYNCHOS

“~Erithacus megarhynchos megarhynchos (Brehm)

Luscina megarhynchos Brehm, 1831, Naturg. Vog.
Deutsch., p. 356 — Germany.

Luscinia megarhyncha corsa Parrot, 1910, Orn. Monatsb.,
18, p. 155 — Ajaccio, Corsica.

Luscinia megarhynchos luscinioides von Jordans, 1923,
Falco, 19, sonderheft, p. 3 — Arta, Mallorca.

Luscinia megarhynchos caligiformis Clancey and von
Jordans, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 361 — Martlesham, Wood-
bridge, East Suffolk, southeastern England.

L.(uscinia) m.(egarhyncha) tauridae Portenko, 1954,
Birds U.S.S.R., 3, p. 207 — Simferopol, Crimea.

Breeds in southern England, western Europe north to
Germany and Poland (except the Baltic coast), and south-
western Ukraine, south to southern Spain, Portugal, Italy,
the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Greece, Crete, Cy-
prus, northern Middle East and western Transcaucasia, and
northwest Africa from Morocco to eastern Libya; migrates

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE Al

through Lebanon; winters in tropical Africa from Sierra
Leone and Ghana (Gold Coast), Nigeria, and the northern
Congo to Uganda and Kenya; vagrant to Denmark, Canary
Islands, and Madeira.

-—Erithacus megarhynchos africanus (Fischer and Reichenow)

Lusciola africana Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f.

Orn., 32, p. 182 — Lower Arusha, near Kilimanjaro.

Philomela transcaucasia Buturlin, 1910, Mess. Orn., 1, p.

140 — Aresh District, Elisabetpolsk.

Breeds in Armenia, Syria, Iran (from southern Caucasus
to Shiraz), and Iraq; winters in Africa in northern Tan-
ganyika and Kenya; on passage in southern Arabia (Taif),
Yemen, and Aden.

—Erithacus megarhynchos hafizi (Severtzov)
Luscinia Hafizi Severtzov, 1873, Vertikal. . . Turkest.
Zhivotn., (1872), p. 120 — Turkestan.
Luscinia Golziu Cabanis, 1873, Journ. f. Orn., 21, p. 79 —
Turkestan.

Breeds in Asia from west Kazakhstan east through Tur-
gai, Syr-Darya, Kirghiz Mountains, Semirechye, Irtysh
River, and Zaissan basin, south to the Tian Shan range and
Afghanistan; winters in coastal east Africa from Somaliland
to Kenya and northeastern Tanganyika; on passage in Iraq
and Arabia; occasional in West Pakistan.

ERITHACUS CALLIOPE

__— Erithacus calliope (Pallas)

Motacilla Calliope Pallas, 1776, Reise versch. Prov. Russ.
Reichs, 3, p. 697 — between the Yenisei and the Lena
Rivers.

Turdus camtschatkensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2),
p. 817 — Kamchatka.

Calliope calliope sachalinensis Portenko, 1937, Mitt. Zool.
Mus. Berlin, 22, p. 223 — Aleksandrovsk, Sakhalin
Island.

Luscinia calliope beicki Meise, 1937, Journ. f. Orn., 85,
p. 562 — Sin-tien-pu, north Kansu.

Calliope calliope natio anadyrensis Portenko, 1939, Tam-
zhe, p. 128 — Anadyr [reference not verified].

Breeds in Siberia from the middle Ural Mountains north

42 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

to tree line, along the Ob and Yenisei Rivers, ranging far-
ther north in eastern Asia, as far as the Anadyr range,
Kamchatka, Commander, and Kurile Islands, south in the
southern taiga belt from Tobolsk to Novosibirsk and Bar-
naul, the Altai and northern Mongolia, northern China,
Manchuria and Hokkaido Island, breeding south in China
in the Nan Shan Mountains of Kansu and Szechwan. Win-
ters from eastern India and East Pakistan (irregularly),
northern Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Tonkin, east in south-
ern China, Formosa, Philippine Islands, and Japan; on pas-
sage in Korea; straggler to western Aleutian Islands.

ERITHACUS SVECICUS
_——~Erithacus svecicus svecicus (Linnaeus)

Motacilla svecica Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1,
p. 187 —in Europae alpinis [= Sweden and Lappland,
vide Hartert, 1910, Voe. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 745).

Erithacus gaetkei Kleinschmidt, 1904, Journ. f. Orn., 52,
p. 302 — Helgoland.

Cyanecula svecica robusta Buturlin, 1907, Psov. Rush.
Okh., no. 6 — Kolyma Delta [reference not verified].

Luscinia svecica weigoldi Kleinschmidt, 1924, Abh. Ber.
Mus. Dresden, 16 (2), p. 43 — Bago, 90 km. east of
Jehol, northern Chihli (Hopeh).

Breeding from Norway, Sweden, and Finland across Rus-
sia (reaching lat. 72° N.), northern Alaska from Wales to
Point Barrow, south to north central Russia and China in
Sinkiang and northern Mongolia; winters in northeast Af-
rica, Sudan, Ethiopia, Israel, Iraq, and Arabia (irregular)
east to Iran, Afghanistan, West Pakistan, Nepal, India,
Ceylon, Burma, Thailand, and southern China; on passage
in middle Europe west to British Isles, southwest Asia, and
central China.

—Erithacus svecicus cyaneculus (Meisner)

Sylvia Cyanecula Meisner, 1804, Syst. Verz. Vogel
Schweiz, p. 30 — France, ex Buffon, 1783, Pl. en., 6, pl.
361; restricted to Ardennes [restriction not verified].

Luscinia svecica namnetum Mayaud, 1934, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 54, p. 179 — Noirmoutier, Vendée.

Breeds in middle Europe from France north to Germany,

Denmark, Poland, and Baltic Russia (east to Smolensk and

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 43

central Kiev districts) south to mildle Spain and Yugo-
slavia; winters in northwest Africa east to Egypt, Sudan,
and Lebanon (subspecies).

——Erithacus svecicus volgae Kleinschmidt

[Cyanecula suecica] occidentalis Zarudny, 1892, Mater.
Kenntn. Faun. Flor. Russ. Reichs., Zool., (1), p. 146 —
Ortchik, Ukraine [reference not verified], nec Luscinia
occidentalis Severtzov, 1872.

Erithacus volgae Kleinschmidt, 1907, Falco, 3, p. 47 —
lower Volga; restricted to Sarpa by Hartert, 1910, Vog.
pak Fauna; 1, p. 749.

Luscinia suecica grotei Dementiev, 1932, Alauda, 4, p. 8
— Vaskin Potok, Ivanovo, central Russia.

Breeds in south-central European Russia in the Dnieper

and Don River area; winter range not worked out.

Erithacus svecicus luristanicus Ripley

Cyanecula wolfi magna Zarudny and Loudon, 1904, Orn.
Jahrb., p. 225 — Bidesar, Arabistan, southwest Persia,
nec Philomela magna Blyth, 1833 (Aug.), Rennie’s
Field Nat., 1, p. 355, substitute name for Sylvia Philo-
mela Bechstein (Temminck MS), 1802; see, also, Blyth,
18383 (May), Rennie’s Field Nat., 1, p. 200, here called
Philomela major.

Erithacus svecicus luristanicus Ripley, 1952, 1954, Postil-
la, Yale Univ., no. 13, p. 28, et ad. p. 1, nom. nov. for
Cyanecula wolfi magna Zarudny and Loudon—Luristan.

Breeds in Armenia west to Artvin, south to southwest

Iran, from Arabistan to Mazanderan; winters to Iraq, Ara-
bia (one record), and Sudan.

—~Erithacus svecicus pallidogularis (Zarudny )

C.(yanecula) suecica var. pallidogularis Zarudny, 1897,
Zapiski Mem. Imp. Acad. Sci. St. Petersberg, suppl.
Mater. Kenntn. Flor. Faun. Russ. Reichs., Zool., (3), p.
186 — Orenburg.

Cyanecula discessa Madarasz, 1902, Termész. Fiizetek, 25,
p. 5385 — Transcaspia [reference not verified].

Cyanecula suecica aralensis Zarudny, 1916, Izvest. Turk-
est. Otd. Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 12. p. 71 — delta of Syr-
Darya [references not verified].

—>..

44 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cyanosylvia suecica kobdensis Tugarinov, 1929, Ann. Mus.
Zool. Acad. Sci. (U.S.S.R.; Leningrad), 29 (1928), p. 9
— Uliassutai.

Cyanosylvia suecica kaschgariensis Tugarinov, 1929, ibid.,
p. 10 — Yarkand-Darya.

Cyanosylvia suecica caucasica Buturlin, 1929, Syst. Notes
Birds North Caucasus, p. 21 — Kotlarevskaia on the
Terek.

Breeds in the southern Urals from Irtysh to the Volga
east to Transcaspia, Tadzhikistan, and Kirgizstan, and the
Tian Shan range below 5,000 feet; winters in Afghanistan,
West Pakistan, and India.

Erithacus svecicus abbotti (Richmond)
Cyanecula abbotti Richmond, 1896, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
18, p. 484 — Nubra Valley, Ladakh.
Breeds in West Pakistan and India in Gilgit, Baltistan,
Ladakh, and Zanskar; winters in foothills and adjacent
plains of West Pakistan, Kashmir, and India.

-Erithacus svecicus saturatior (Sushkin)

Cyanecula svecica saturatior Sushkin, 1925, List Distrib.
Birds Russian Altai, p. 77 — moor Djoievo, near Minu-
sinsk; moor near Bijsk, lake Dzhagatai-kul, Uriankh-
land.

Cyanecula svecica altaica Sushkin, 1925, ibid., p. 77 —
near Kosh-agach, Topolevka-Karaghem, tributary of
Arkhyt, plateau of Chulyshman.

Cyanosylvia suecica tianshanica Tugarinov, 1929, Ann.
Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. (U.S.S.R.; Leningrad), 29 (1928),
p. 9 — Baingol, Tian Shan.

Cyanosylvia suecica przevalskii Tugarinov, 1929, ibid., p.
11 — Zagan- bulyk, Ala Shan range.

Breeds in the Tian Shan and Pamirs, above 5,000 feet,
east in the mountains of the lower Turguska basin, Altai,
Sayan, Angara, northern Mongolia, and eastern Tibet; win-
ters in adjacent foothills south to Afghanistan and eastern
Tibet; southeast Tibet (7).

ERITHACUS PECTORALIS

_Erithacus pectoralis pectoralis (Gould)

Calliope pectoralis Gould, 1837, Icones Avium, pl. 4 and

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE A5

text — Himalaya Mountains [= western Himalayas,
vide Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 739].

Luscinia Ballioni Severtzov, 1873, Vertikal .. . Turkest.
Zhivotn., (1872), p. 122 — Tian Shan.

Breeds in mountains of Tadzhikistan and southern Kir-
gizstan south to West Pakistan, Gilgit, Baltistan, Kaghan
Valley, Kashmir, and India east along the Himalayas to
Kumaon; winters in foothills east to Nepal; on passage in
Chitral and Himalayan foothills from Kashmir to Simla.

_—Erithacus pectoralis confusus (Hartert) “
Luscinia pectoralis confusa Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 740 — Sikkim.
Breeds in mountains of Nepal, Darjeeling, Sikkim, and
Bhutan; winters in adjacent plains of Nepal, eastern India,
and East Pakistan.

—KErithacus pectoralis tschebaiewi (Przevalski)
Calliope Tschebaiewi Przevalski, 1876, Mongol. i Strana
Tangcut., 2, p. 44, pl. 9, fig. 1 — Kansu.

Breeds from extreme east Ladakh east to Kansu and
Tsinghai in northwest China, southeast Tibet, and extreme
north Burma; winters from Sikkim and Bhutan duars east
in Assam, East Pakistan, and Burma; on passage in Kash-
mir. :

ERITHACUS RUFICEPS

Erithacus ruficeps (Hartert)
Larvivora ruficeps Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
19, p. 50 — Tai pai Shan, Tsinling Mountains.
Known only from type locality in Tsinling Mountains,
southwest Shensi, west China, and one migrant record from
Mount Brinchang, 6,500 feet, Malaya (1963).

ERITHACUS OBSCURUS
Erithacus obscurus (Berezowsky and Bianchi)

Larvivora obscura Berezowsky and Bianchi, 1891, Ptitzi
Kansus. Puteshest, G. N. Potanina, p. 97 — Kansu, nec
Cyanecula obscura Brehm, 1831, Vog. Deutschl., p. 353.

46 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Erithacus hachisukae Ripley, 1952, 1954, Postilla, Yale
Univ., no. 13, p. 24, et ad., p. 1, nom. nov. for Larvivora
obscura Berezowski and Bianchi — Kansu.!

Southeast Kansu and southwest Shensi, west China.

ERITHACUS PECTARDENS

——~Erithacus pectardens (David) °

Calliope pectardens David, 1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
Nat. [Paris], no. 167, nom. nud.

Calliope pectardens David, 1877, in David and Oustalet,
Oiseaux Chine, 1, p. 286 — Moupin [= Paohing, eastern
Sikang].

Luscinia Davidi Oustalet, 1892, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, p. 222 — Tatsien-lu.

Luscinia davidi gloriosa Sushkin, 1926, Auk, 43, p. 181 —
Li Kiang Mountains, China.

Luscinia daulias Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Regional Ex-
plor., no. 1, p. 12 — Phulbari, Garo Hills.

Breeds in the mountains of southeast Tibet, southeast
Sikang, and Yunnan (one specimen from southwest Shensi;
post-breeding vagrant ?) ; winters in lower hills, and south
occasionally to the Himalayas in Sikkim and Assam and in
northern Burma (one record, Bhamo district).

ERITHACUS BRUNNEUS

~~Erithacus brunneus brunneus (Hodgson)

Larvivora brunnea Hodgson, 1837, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 6, p. 102 — Nepal.

Larvivora brunnea angamea Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India, 4, p. 41 — Tekhubama, Naga Hills.

Breeds in the Himalayas from the Afghanistan-West Pak-
istan boundary (Safed Koh) east to Kashmir, Nepal, Sik-
kim, and Bhutan; winters in lower Himalayas and south on
Indian Peninsula to Ceylon; presumably winters in East
Pakistan.

1 By Opinion 444 (1957, Ops. Decls. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 15, pp.
175-190) Larvivora obscura Berezowsky and Bianchi, 1891, is placed
on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, and Cyanecula ob-
scura Brehm, 1831, and Erithacus hachisukae Ripley, 1952, are placed
on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE ANG

Erithacus brunneus wickhami (Baker)
Larvivora wickhami Baker, 1916, Novit. Zool., 23, p. 298
— Chin Hills.
Chin Hills, Burma.

ERITHACUS CYANE

——Erithacus cyane cyane (Pallas)
Motacilla Cyane Pallas, 1776, Reise versch. Prov. Russ.
Reichs, 3, p. 697 — Dauria, between the Onon and Argu
Rivers [southeast Transbaicalia].

Breeds in Russia in the western Altai from about Lake
Teletskoye north to Krasnoyarsk, east across Lake Baikal
to Chita and north to central Lena River, about lat. 60° N.;
winters south to Burma, Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, northern
Thailand, and Laos; straggler to Bhutan duars.

Erithacus cyane bochaiensis (Shulpin)

Larvivora cyane bochaiensis Shulpin, 1928, Ann. Mus.
Zool. Acad. Sci. (U.S.S.R.; Leningrad), 27 (1927), p.
404 — Fansa Station, Suchan railroad, southern Us-
suria [reference not verified].

Breeds in Ussuria, Korea (rarely), and Japan (southern
Sakhalin, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu; eggs
found only on Honshu) ; winters south in the Indochinese
subregion, Malaya, and Borneo.

ERITHACUS CYANURUS
Erithacus cyanurus cyanurus (Pallas)

Motacilla Cyanurus Pallas, 1773, Reise versch. Prov. Russ.
Reichs, 2, p. 709 — Yenisei.

Tarsiger cyanurus ussuriensis Stegmann (ex Sushkin
MS), 1929, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S. [Len-
ingrad], 29 (1928), p. 229 — Ussuria.

Breeds in northern Lapland (and probably Finland) and
Russia, from sources of Pechora River east to Stanovoi
Mountains and Okhotsk, reaching north to lat. 65° N.; Kam-
chatka, Commander Islands, Sakhalin, and northern Japan
(Hokkaido and Honshu) ; winters in southern Korea, south-
ern Japanese islands, southern China, and Formosa, reach-
ing upper Burma; vagrant to Assam; on passage in north
China, north of the Yangtse River.

48 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~~Erithacus cyanurus pallidior (Baker)
Ianthia cyanura pallidiora Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. Ind.,
Birds, ed. 2, 1, p. 101 — Simla.

Breeds in the hills from the Afghanistan-West Pakistan
boundary (Safed Koh), Gilgit, Astor, and Kashmir (exclud-
ing Ladakh), east to Garhwal and perhaps extreme west
Nepal; winters in adjacent foothills.

—-Erithacus cyanurus rufilatus (Hodgson)

Nemura rufilata Hodgson, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 27 — central and northern regions of hills, Nepal.

danthia practica Bangs and Phillips, 1914, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 58, p. 292 — Loukouchai, southern Yunnan.

Tarsiger cyanurus albocaeruleus Meise, 1937, Journ. f.
Orn., 85, p. 550 — Tschau-tou on the Tetung-ho, north-
ern Kansu [= northeastern Tsinghai].

Nepal east to Assam, southern and eastern Tibet, extreme
north Burma (breeding ?), and west China, in Kansu, Shen-
si, Szechwan, and Yunnan; winters in adjacent foothills
south in Burma, northern Thailand (uncommon), Laos, and
southern China, south of the Yangtse.

ERITHACUS CHRYSAEUS

Erithacus chrysaeus whistleri (Ticehurst)
Tarsiger chrysaeus whistleri Ticehurst, 1922, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 42, p. 121 — Simla, Punjab, Himalayas.
West Pakistan in Hazara and Murree; India from Kash-
mir (Sind Valley) east to Duala Dhar, and from Simla to
Garhwal, intergrading with the nominate form in Kumaon,
winters at lower elevations in the same hills.

Erithacus chrysaeus chrysaeus (Hodgson)

Tarsiger chrysaeus Hodgson, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-

don, p. 28 — Nepal.

Tarsiger chrysaeus vitellinus Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f.

Orn., 71, p. 365 — base of the Was Shan, Szechwan
[= eastern Sikang].

From Kumaon, where intergrades with the preceding
form, east through Nepal, to Assam, southeast Tibet, north
Burma (breeding ?), and west China in Yunnan, Sikang,
western Szechwan, Kansu, and Shensi; winters in the adja-
cent hills and south to Tonkin.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 49

ERITHACUS INDICUS

_—Erithacus indicus indicus (Vieillot)
Sylvia indica Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 11, p. 267 — India, ex Sonnerat, 1817, Voy. Ind., 2,
p. 208; restricted to Darjeeling by Baker, 1921, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 74.
Breeds above 6,600 feet in Garhwal, Nepal, Darjeeling,
Sikkim, Bhutan, southeast Tibet, and Assam; winters in
foothills.

Erithacus indicus yunnanensis (Rothschild)

Tarsiger indicus yunnanensis Rothschild, 1922, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 43, p. 10— Lichiang Range, 10,000 feet,
northern Yunnan.

Breeds in Yunnan and probably in Sikang and Szechwan;

winters south to extreme north Burma and northern Tonkin.

Erithacus indicus formosanus (Hartert)
Tarsiger indicus formosanus Hartert, 1909, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 25, p. 32 — Mount Arizan.
Mountains of Formosa, above 6,000 feet.

ERITHACUS HYPERYTHRUS

—Erithacus hyperythrus (Blyth)
Ianthia hyperythra Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
16, p. 182 — Darjeeling.
Breeds above 5,000 feet in Nepal, Darjeeling, Sikkim,
southeast Tibet, Assam, and north Burma.

ERITHACUS JOHNSTONIAE

_— Erithacus johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)

Ianthia johnstoniae Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn,
Club, 16, p. 118 — Mount Morrison, 8,000 feet.
Erithacus taiwan Hachisuka, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
73, p. 38, nom. nov. for Ianthia johnstoniae Ogilvie-
Grant, nec Pogonocichla johnstoni Shelley, 1893.1
Mountains of Formosa, above 6,000 feet.

1 Under the International Rules, as these names differ by one letter
or more, johnstoniae Ogilvie-Grant is not pre-occupied by johnstoni
Shelley, even should the genera be combined.

50 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENUS COSSYPHA VIGORS

Cossypha Vigors, 1825, Zool. Journ., 2, p. 396. Type, by
original designation. Turdus vociferans Swainson =
Muscicapa dichroa Gmelin.

Dessonornis (sic) A. Smith, 18386, Rep. Exped. Centr.
Africa, p. 46. Type, by monotypy, Dessonornis humer-
alis Smith; corrected to Bessonornis by A. Smith, 1840,
Illustr. Zool. South Africa, Aves, pl. 48.

Xenocopsychus Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 19,
p. 81. Type, by monotypy, Xenocopsychus ansorgetr
Hartert.

Caffrornis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 232.
Type, by monotypy, Cossypha caffra (Linnaeus).

Hyloaedon Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal. Mus., 8, p. 232.
Type, by original designation, Cossypha dichroa (Gme-
lin).

Cossyphicula Grote, 1984, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, p.
311. Type, by monotypy, Callene roberti Alexander.

ef. Chapin, 1948, Auk, 65, pp. 292-2938 (ansorge?).
Chapin, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75A, pp.
517-534 (Congo).
Moreau and Benson, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 76, pp.
62-63 (bocagei).

COSSYPHA ROBERTI
Cossypha roberti roberti (Alexander)
Callene roberti Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13,
p. 87 — Bakaki, Fernando Po.
Hills of Fernando Po and Kumba Division, Cameroons.
Cossypha roberti rufescentior Hartert
Cossypha roberti rufescentior Hartert, 1908, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 23, p. 9 — forest west of Lake Albert Ed-
ward.
Eastern Congo to the west of Lake Edward and the
Ruzizi Valley.

COSSYPHA BOCAGEI

Cossypha bocagei insulana Grote

Callene poensis Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13,
p. 9— Bilelipi, nec Cossypha poensis Strickland, 1844.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 51

Cossypha insulana Grote, 1935, Orn. Monatsb., 43, p. 95,
nom. nov. for Callene poensis Alexander.
Fernando Po, 4,000 feet and above.

Cossypha bocagei granti Serle
Cossypha insulana granti Serle, 1949, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 69, p. 53 — Kupé Mountain (lat. 40° 50’ N., long.
9° 40’ E.), 4,500 ft., British Cameroons.
Known only from Mount Kupé, southern Cameroons.

Cossypha bocagei kungwensis Moreau
Cossypha polioptera kungwensis Moreau, 1941, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 61, p. 60 — Ujamba forest, Kungwe Moun-
tain (7,900 feet), Kigoma District, western Tanganyi-
ka.
Known only from the Kungwe-Mahare Mountains and the
Nyamansi River area, western Tanganyika.

Cossypha bocagei schoutedeni Prigogine

Cossypha insulana schoutedeni Prigogine, 1952, Rev. Zool.
Bot. Africa, 46, p. 409 — Lutunguru (lat. 0° 28’ S., long.
28° 49’ E.), ca. 1,500 m., Congo.

Cossypha bocagei kaboboensis Prigogine, 1955, Rev. Zool.
Bot. Africa, 52, p. 181 — Mount Kabobo (lat. 5° 8’S.,
long. 29° 2’ E.), 1,670 m., Kivu, Congo.

Congo in Kivu and mountains west of Lake Edward.

Cossypha bocagei chapini Benson
Cossypha bocagei chapini Benson, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 75, p. 104 — Mporokoso, Northern Rhodesia.
Northwestern Northern Rhodesia in Mwinilunga District,
Ndola, and Northern Province east to Abercorn.

—Cossypha bocagei bocagei Finsch and Hartlaub
Cossypha bocaget Finsch and Hartlaub, 1870, Vog. Ost-
Afr., p. 284 — Mossamedes Province [= Biballa, vide
Barboza du Bocage, 1881, Orn. Angola, p. 259].
Southern Congo, in Katanga, and in western highlands of
Angola.
COSSYPHA POLIOPTERA

Cossypha polioptera polioptera Reichenow
Cossypha polioptera Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40,
p. 59 — Bukoba, Victoria Nyanza.

52 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southern Sudan in Imatong Mountains; Uganda south-
east to Mount Elgon, Kisumu, and Bukoba; northern An-
gola (Ndala Tando).

Cossypha polioptera nigriceps Reichenow

Cossypha nigriceps Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18,
p. 7 — Genderu Mountains, Cameroons.
Highland savannah of Sierra Leone (Tingi Mountains),
northern Nigeria, and western Cameroons.

Cossypha polioptera tessmanni Reichenow

Cossypha tessmanni Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn., 69,
p. 49 — Upper Kadei River, Cameroons.
Grasslands of eastern Cameroons (upper Kadei River).

Cossypha polioptera grimwoodi White
Cossypha polioptera grimwoodi White, 1954, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 74, p. 88 —source of the Zambesi River,
Mwinilunga District, Northern Rhodesia.
Known only from type locality in Northern Rhodesia.

COSSYPHA ARCHERI

Cossypha archeri Sharpe

Cossypha archeri Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13,
p. 9 — Ruwenzori.

Cossypha bocagei albimentalis Sassi, 1914, Anz. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, math.-naturwiss., 51, p. 311 — forest west
of Lake Tanganyika.

Cossypha archeri kimbutui Prigogine, 1955, Rev. Zool.
Bot. Africa, 51, p. 33 — Mount Kabobo (lat. 5° 8’S.,
long. 29° 2’ E.).

Congo, in higher mountains from Ruwenzori through Kivu

District to region northwest of Lake Tanganyika and west
of Ruzizi Valley.

COSSYPHA ISABELLAE

Cossypha isabellae batesi (Bannerman)

Callene batest Bannerman, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42,
p. 130 — Banso Mountains, north of Kumbo, 6,000 ft.,
highlands of Nigerian-Cameroons boundary.

Banso Mountains, Manenguba Mountain, and Oku, east-

ern Nigeria, about 6,000 feet.

) SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 53
-Cossypha isabellae isabellae Gray
Cossypha Isabellae Gray, 1862, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
3, 10, p. 443 — Cameroon Mountain, 7,000 feet.

Mount Cameroon, from 3,000 to 7,500 feet.

COSSYPHA NATALENSIS!

_— Cossypha natalensis intensa Mearns

Cossypha natalensis intensa Mearns, 1913, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 61 (20), p. 2 — Taveta, British East Africa.

Cossypha natalensis hylophona Clancey, 1952, Durban
Mus. Novit., 4, p. 15 — Chinteche, 1,700 ft., Nyasaland.

Cossypha natalensis egregior Clancey, 1956, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 76, p. 118—near Manhica, Sul do Save,
southern Portuguese East Africa.

Southern Sudan in Zande District, Imatong and Didinga
Mountains, southern Ethiopia, Somalia, south in Kenya,
eastern Uganda, southern Tanganyika west to French Cam-
eroons, lower and middle Congo region, eastern Angola,
Northern Rhodesia, eastern Southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland,
and the adjacent highlands and lowlands of Mozambique,
north of Lourenco Marques to the coast of Beira and Mzim-
biti, and eastern Transvaal from the lowlands to 7,000 feet.

Cossypha natalensis larischi Meise
Cossypha natalensis larischi Meise, 1958, Abh. Verh. Na-
turwiss. Ver. Hamburg, 2 (1957), p. 73 — Canzéle.
Northern Angola.

Cossypha natalensis garguensis Mearns
Cossypha natalensis garguensis Mearns, 1913, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 61 (20), p. 2— Mount Gargues (South
Creek, alt. 3,600 ft.), north-central British East Africa.
Known only from Mount Gargues (Uraguess), Matthews

Range, north of the Uaso Nyiro, Kenya.

Cossypha natalensis tennenti Williams

Cossypha natalensis tennenti Williams, 1962, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 82, p. 187 — mist forest, Mount Endau, 3,400
ft., Kitui District, Kenya.

Known only from Mount Endau, Kitui District, Kenya.

1 This species is in need of further revision.

54 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cossypha natalensis natalensis Smith
Cossypha natalensis A. Smith, 1840, Ill. Zool. South Af-
rica, Aves., pl. 60 (text) — neighborhood of Port Natal
[= Durban].
Coastal Cape Province from Pondoland to Natal, Zulu-
land, and extreme southern Mozambique, in the Lebombo
Mountains and adjacent littoral, Lourenco Marques.

COSSYPHA DICHROA

—Cossypha dichroa (Gmelin) -
Muscicapa dichroa Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 949
— South Africa.
Cossypha haagneri Gunning, 1901, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
1, p. 174, pl. 3 — Mgqeleni, western Pondoland.
Southern Cape Province south to Knysna Forest, east to
Natal, Zululand, and eastern Transvaal.

COSSYPHA SEMIRUFA

_—Cossypha semirufa semirufa (Riippell)

Petrocincla semirufa Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelt., V6-
gel, p. 81 — Abyssinia.

Cossypha semirufa saturatior Neumann, 1906, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 14, p. 7— Bolagoschana, Doko, southwestern
Abyssinia.

Boma Hills, southeast Sudan, Eritrea, central, western,

and southeastern Ethiopia, south to Moyale and Marsabit,
Kenya.

Cossypha semirufa donaldsoni Sharpe
Cossypha donaldsoni Sharpe, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
4, p. 28 —no locality [=Sheik Husein (Arussi, south-
central Ethiopia), vide Sharpe, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 484].
Eastern and southeastern Ethiopia in the Harrar area
and eastern Gallaland.

——Cossypha semirufa intercedens (Cabanis)
Bessonornis intercedens Cabanis, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26,
pp. 205; 219 — Kitui, Ukamba.
Kenya in the south-central highlands, Ukamba, and Kiku-
yu to Mount Kenya, Aberdare Mountains, northern Tan-
ganyika (Mount Kilimanjaro).

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 55

COSSYPHA HEUGLINI

Cossypha heuglini pallidior Berlioz and Gillet
Cossypha heuglini pallidior Berlioz and Gillet, 1956, Oiseau
Rev. France. Orn., 26, p. 187 — Fort-Lamy, Chad.
Chad (Chari Valley).

__..Cossypha heuglini heuglini Hartlaub

Cossypha heuglini Hartlaub, 1866, Journ. f. Orn., 14, p. 36
— “Keren”’ [error = Wau, Bahr el Ghazal, fide Heuglin,
1869, Orn. Nordost. Afr., 1, p. 375].

Cossypha heuglini occidentalis Reichenow, 1909, Journ. f.
Orn., 57, p. 108 — Lufuku, West Tanganyika.

Cossypha heuglini mwinilunga Horniman, 1940, Prelim.
Descr. New Birds, p. 2— Mwinilunga, Northern Rho-
desia; idem Grant, 1956, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12,
9, p. 366.

Southeastern Ethiopia, southern Sudan in Equatoria,
Bahr el Ghazal and Darfur, south Uganda, eastern Congo
in Kivu, Kasai, and Katanga, western Kenya, interior Tan-
ganyika south to Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland, up to
7,000 feet.

_—Cossypha heuglini subrufescens Bocage

Cossypha subrufescens Barboza du Bocage, 1869, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 4836 — Caconda.
Congo and Gabon south to lower Congo and Angola, at
least to Capelongo.

~—Cossypha heuglini intermedia (Cabanis)
Bessornis intermedia Cabanis, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., 16, p.
412 — inner East Africa.
Coastal areas of Somalia, Kenya, and Tanganyika, at least
to Rovuma.

—Cossypha heuglini euronota Friedmann

Cossypha heuglini euronota Friedmann, 1930, Occ. Papers
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 327 — Lumbo, Mozambique.
Southern Rhodesia, Mozambique, eastern Transvaal, and
northern Zululand in the Lebombo Mountains up to 5,000
feet.

1 Under Opinion 480 (1957, Ops. decls. Internat. Comm. zool. No-
mencl., 16, pp. 417-454), this name is suppressed for purposes of the
Law of Priority, but not for those of the Law of Homonymy.

56 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

COSSYPHA CYANOCAMPTER

—~“=Cossypha cyanocampter cyanocampter (Bonaparte)

B.(essonornis) cyanocampter Bonaparte (ex Cabanis
MS), 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 301— “Patria ignota”
[= Dabokrom, Gold Coast, apud Hartlaub, 1857, Syst.
Orn. Westafr., p. 76].

Cossypha periculosa Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
7, p. 40 — River Danger, Gabon.

Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ghana through forested Ni-

geria to Cameroons and Gabon.

_—™ Cossypha cyanocampter bartteloti Shelley
Cossypha bartteloti Shelley, 1890, Ibis, p. 159, pl. 5 —
Yambuya.
Northeastern Congo, Uganda, and Kenya in Kakamega.

COSSYPHA CAFFRA

——Cossypha caffra iolaema Reichenow
Cossypha caffra iolaema Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb.,
8, p. 5 — Kilimanjaro.
Cossypha caffra mawensis Neumann, 1900, Journ. f. Orn.,
48, p. 309 — Mau Mountains.

Mountains of extreme southern Sudan, Uganda, western
highlands of Kenya, Tanganyika and Nyasaland, northern
Mozambique, southeastern highlands of the Congo, Nyika,
Northern Rhodesia, eastern highlands of Southern Rhodesia,
and adjacent southern Mozambique (also on Mount Goron-
goza).

Cossypha caffra kivuensis Schouteden
Cossypha caffra kivuensis Schouteden, 1937, Rev. Bot.
Africa, 30, p. 165 — Kivu.
From the mountains northwest of Baraka on Lake Tan-
ganyika across the Kivu Highland to Ankole, Congo.

Cossypha caffra drakensbergi (Roberts)
Caffrornis caffra drakensbergi Roberts, 1936, Ostrich, 7,
p. 110 — Wakkerstroom.
South Africa in Natal-Transvaal border country to central
and eastern Transvaal. Birds of eastern Southern Rhodesia
are intergrades between this form and iolaema.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE BT

Cossypha caffra namaquensis Sclater
Cossypha caffra namaquensis Sclater, 1911, Ibis, p. 415
— Klipfontein.
Southern South West Africa and Orange River valley east
to western Orange Free State and western Transvaal, where
intergrades with drakensbergi and caffra occur.

——

—Cossypha caffra caffra (Linnaeus)
Motacilla caffra Linnaeus, 1771, Mantissa Plant., p. 527 —
Cape of Good Hope.

South Africa in the southern part of Cape Province north
to Transvaal (see above), and east to Natal and Zululand,
north to Ingwzvuma, southern Lebombo Mountains (Swazi-
land-Zululand border); Basutoland ?

COSSYPHA ANOMALA

Cossypha anomala mbuluensis (Grant and Mackworth-
Praed)

Bessonornis macclounii mbuluensis Grant and Mackworth-
Praed, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 57, p. 80— Nou
Forest, 7,000 ft., Mbulu District, Tanganyika.

Mbulu District, northern Tanganyika.

Cossypha anomala albigularis (Reichenow)

Callene albigularis Reichenow, 1895, Orn. Monatsb., 3,
pp. 87; 96 — east Ulugura (sic) [= Morogoro District,
Tanganyika].

Bessonornis grotei Reichenow, 1932, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay-
ern, p. 584 — Uluguru, Morogoro District; new name
for C. albigularis Reichenow nec Bessornis albigularis
Tristam, 1867, =Irania gutturalis.

Alethe macclouniet njombe Benson, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 56, p. 100 — Njombe, southern Tanganyika.
Morogoro District to Njombe and Songea Districts, Tan-

ganyika. be

_

___.Cossypha anomala macclounii (Shelley)
Callene macclouni Shelley, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
13, p. 61 — Nwenembe.
Bessonornis anomala porotensis Bangs and Loveridge,
1931, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 12, p. 94 — Igale,
Poroto Mountains, southwestern Tanganyika.

58 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southwestern Tanganyika, in Tukuyu District and north-
ern Nyasaland in Vipya, Nyankhowa, and Nyika, above
6,000 feet.

Cossypha anomala anomala (Shelley)

Callene anomala Shelley, 1898, Ibis, p. 14 — Milanji
Plateau.
Milanje, Nyasaland, above 4,000 feet.

Cossypha anomala gurue (Vincent)

Alethe anomala gurué Vincent, 1938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
53, p. 138— Namuli Mountain, Quelimane Province,
Portuguese East Africa.

Namuli Mountains, northern Mozambique.

COSSYPHA HUMERALIS

—C€ossypha humeralis humeralis (Smith)

Dessonornis (sic) humeralis A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped.
Centr. Africa, p. 46 — banks of the Marikwa [= Mari-
co River, western Transvaal].

Southern Rhodesia, except in the extreme southeast in the
Sabi-Lundi confluence and Birchenough Bridge on the Sabi
River; perhaps absent in northern and western Mashona-
land, eastern Bechuanaland, and Transvaal, except in the
eastern Transvaal lowveld where intergrades with the fol-
lowing subspecies.

Cossypha humeralis crepuscula Clancey
Cossypha humeralis crepuscula Clancey, 1962, Durban
Mus. Novit., 6, p. 155 — Panda, Inhambane District,
southern Portuguese East Africa.

Extreme southeast Southern Rhodesia (see under preced-
ing subspecies), eastern Transvaal lowveld where inter-
grades with humeralis, Natal, including Zululand and Swa-
ziland, and Sul do Save, southern Mozambique; Bazaruto
Island.

COSSYPHA ANSORGEI

Cossypha ansorgei (Hartert)
Xenocopsychus ansorgei Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 19, p. 82 — Lobango, Mossamedes, Angola.
Western Angola (Vila Salazar and Lubango), near lime-
stone caves.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 59

COSSYPHA NIVEICAPILLA

—Cossypha niveicapilla (Lafresnaye)

Turdus niveicapilla Lafresnaye, 1838, Essai Nouv. Man-
iére Grouper Genres Espéces Ordre Passereaux, p. 16 —
Senegal.

Bessornis melanonota Cabanis,! 1875, Journ. f. Orn., 23,
p. 235 —Chinchoncho on the Loango Coast [= Chin-
choxo, Portuguese Congo].

Senegal, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, and
Cameroons east in the Congo and Uganda to the Sudan, as
far north as Darfur and Sennar; southwest Ethiopia south
to extreme western Kenya in the Elgon area, northeast side
of Lake Tanganyika, and northern Angola.

COSSYPHA HEINRICHI

Cossypha heinrichi Rand

Cossypha heinrichi Rand, 1955, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chi-
cago], 34, p. 327 — about 30 km. northeast of Duque
de Braganza, Angola.

Known only from gallery forest northeast of Duque de

Braganza, northern Angola.

COSSYPHA ALBICAPILLA
__Cossypha albicapilla albicapilla (Vieillot)
Turdus albicapillus Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 20, p. 254 — Senegal.

Senegal, Gambia, Casamance, and Portuguese Guinea;
Sierra Leone (?) .

Cossypha albicapilla giffardi Hartert

Cossypha giffardi Hartert, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 10,
p. 5— Gambaga, Gold Coast hinterland.
Cossypha albicapilla genderuensis Reichenow, 1910, Orn.
Monatsb., 18, p. 176 — Genderu Mountains, Cameroons.
Ghana east through northern Nigeria and the northern
Cameroons highlands of Nigeria to northern Cameroun
(Bamingui River).

1 Blackish specimens (melanonota?) appear to occur discontinuously
in Cameroons, Uganda, northern Tanganyika, and southwest Ethiopia,
perhaps correlated with certain forest types. For the time being, it
seems better to merge these two phenotypes.

60 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cossypha albicapilla omoensis Sharpe

Cossypha omoensis Sharpe, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
11, p. 28 — Omo River, Equatorial Africa.
Extreme southeast Sudan and southwest Ethiopia, north
of Lake Rudolf in the Omo River area.

GENUS MODULATRIX RIPLEY

Modulatrix Ripley, 1952, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 12, p. 2.
Type, by monotypy, Turdinus stictigula Reichenow.

MODULATRIX STICTIGULA

~ Modulatrix stictigula stictigula (Reichenow)

Turdinus stictigula Reichenow, 1906, Orn. Monatsb., 14,
p. 10 — Mbaramo, Usambara.
Tanganyika in the Usambara and Nguru Mountains.

Modulatrix stictigula pressa (Bangs and Loveridge) ~

Illadopsis stictigula pressa Bangs and Loveridge, 1931,
Proc. New England Zool. Club, 12, p. 94 — Nkuka For-
est, Rungwe Mountain, southwestern Tanganyika Ter-
ritory.

Southwestern Tanganyika in Uzungwe and Ukinga Moun-

tains, Rungwe Mountain, and extreme northern Nyasaland
in the Masuku Mountains.

GENUS CICHLADUSA PETERS

Cichladusa Peters, 1863, Monatsb. Kon. Akad. Wiss. Ber-
lin, p. 184. Type, by original designation, Cichladusa
arquata Peters.

CICHLADUSA GUTTATA

“Cichladusa guttata guttata (Heuglin)

Crateropus guttatus Heuglin, 1862, Journ. f. Orn., 10, p.
300 — Bahr el] Abiad.

Southern Sudan in Bahr el Ghazal and Equatoria, south-
western Ethiopia, south to Uganda, central and southeastern
Kenya, Congo on shores of Lake Albert, and Tanganyika
south to the Central Railway Line, but not east of Mombo
and Dodoma.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 61

_— Cichladusa guttata rufipennis Sharpe
Cichladusa rufipennis Sharpe, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
12, p. 35 — coast region of East Africa (Lamu, etc.).
Cichladusa guttata miilleri Zedlitz, 1916, Journ. f. Orn.,
64, p. 108 — Afgoi, southern Somaliland.
Southeastern Ethiopia, southern Somalia, south in coastal
Kenya, west to the Orr Valley, and eastern Tanganyika,
east of Mombo and Dodoma.

CICHLADUSA ARQUATA

~~ Cichladusa arquata Peters
Cichladusa arquata Peters, 1863, Monatsb. Kon. Akad.
Wiss. Berlin, p. 134 — Sena, near the Zambezi, Mozam-
bique [reference not verified].

Southern Kenya, southwestern Uganda, southeastern
Congo, lowlands round Lake Tanganyika and Lualaba and
Luapula rivers, Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia,
along the Sabi and Zambezi rivers, Nyasaland, and Mozam-
bique, primarily in lowlands.

CICHLADUSA RUFICAUDA
— Cichladusa ruficauda (Hartlaub) / 2 >>.
Bradyornis ruficauda Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr.,
p. 66 — Gabon.

Gabon and Congo, from Stanley Pool along Congo River
north to Coquilhatville, south to Angola.

GENUS ALETHE CASSIN

Alethe Cassin, 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
11, p. 48. Type, by monotypy, Napothera castanea
Cassin.

Chamaetylas Heine, 1859, Journ. f. Orn., 7, p. 425. Type,
by monotypy, Geocichla compsonota Cassin = Napothera
castanea Cassin. .

ALETHE DIADEMATA

~—~Alethe diademata diademata (Bonaparte) 2

Bessonornis (Turdus) diadematus Bonaparte (ex Tem-
minck MS), 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 302 —
Guinea.

62 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Portuguese Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, and
Togo.

_—Alethe diademata castanea (Cassin)
Napothera castanea Cassin, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 8, p. 158 — Moonda River, western Africa.
Southern Nigeria, Cameroon Mountains, Cameroun, and
Gabon, south to Congo in the Lower Congo and Mayombe
District ; Fernando Po Island; northern Angola (?).

— Alethe diademata woosnami Ogilvie-Grant “

Alethe woosnami Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 19, p. 24 — forest near Urumu, 3,000 feet, north-
west of Ruwenzori.

Forests of the Upper Congo and of Uganda east to Mabira.

ALETHE POLIOPHRYS

_~ Alethe poliophrys Sharpe ‘
Alethe poliophrys Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13,
p. 10 — Ruwenzori.
Alethe poliophrys kaboboensis Prigogine, 1957, Rev. Zool.
Bot. Africa, 55, p. 42 — Mount Kabobo (lat. 5° 8’ S.,
lone. 2923" E.);, 1,600 m.

Congo-Uganda border from Ruwenzori and the highland
west of Lake Edward south to the Kivu Volcanoes and the
highlands northwest of Lake Tanganyika; Mount Kabobo
(near Albertville), Congo.

ALETHE FUELLEBORNI

~~Alethe fuelleborni usambarae Reichenow /
Alethe filleborni usambarae Reichenow, 1905, Orn. Mon-
atsb., 13, p. 182 — Mlalo, Usambara.
Eastern Tanganyika from the Usambara Mountains to
the Uluguru Mountains and Mahenge.

__--Alethe fuelleborni fuelleborni Reichenow
Alethe fiilleborni Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 99
— Peroto-Ngosi, Tandalla.
South-central and southwestern Tanganyika from Njombe
to the Tukuyu District south to northern Nyasaland, Nyika,
and Masuku, in mountain forests.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 63

ALETHE MONTANA

Alethe montana Reichenow
Alethe montana Reichenow, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15, p. 30
— Usambara.
Usambara Mountains, northeast Tanganyika.

ALETHE LOWEI

Alethe lowei Grant and Mackworth-Praed
Alethe lowei Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1941, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 61, p. 61— Njombe area, southern
Tanganyika.
Njombe area, Iringa Province, southern Tanganyika, and
Njombe, northern Nyasaland.

ALETHE POLIOCEPHALA

Alethe poliocephala castanonota Sharpe

Alethe castanonota Sharpe, 1871, Cat. African Birds, p. 20
— Fantee (Fanti), Gold Coast.
Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ghana.

_= Alethe poliocephala poliocephala (Bonaparte)

Trichophorus (Criniger) poliocephalus Bonaparte (ex
Temminck MS), 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 262 —
Africa [= Fernando Po Island].

Alethe alexandri Sharpe, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 12,
p. 4— Efulen, Kamerun.

Fernando Po Island; southern Cameroons; Gabon; north-

western Angola, Quicolungo; probably in lower Congo.

Alethe poliocephala hallae Traylor
Alethe poliocephala hallae Traylor, 1961, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 81, pp. 44 — 15 km. south of Gabela, Cuanza Sul,
Angola.
Known only from region of Gabela, on the escarpment
zone in Cuanza Sul, Angola.

~Alethe poliocephala carruthersi Ogilvie-Grant
Alethe carruthersi Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 19, p. 25 — 150 miles west of Entebbe, 5,000 ft.
Alethe uellensis Reichenow, 1912, Journ. f. Orn., 60, p. 321
— Angu on Uelle River.

64 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Extreme southern Sudan, western Imatong mountains,
northeastern Congo, and forest of Uganda east to Mount
Elgon.

_—Alethe poliocephala akeleyae Dearborn
Alethe akeleyae Dearborn, 1909, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.
Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 170 — Mount Kenya.
Alethe kikuyuensis Jackson, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
27, p. 7 — Kikuyu Forest, 5,400 ft., British East Africa.
Kenya from Mount Kenya to Kikuyu and Nairobi.

Alethe poliocephala kungwensis Moreau
Alethe poliocephala kungwensis Moreau, 1941, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 61, p. 46 — forest above Ujamba, 6,900 ft.,
Kungwe Mountain.
Kungwe-Mahare Mountains to headwaters of the Nya-
mansi River, western Tanganyika.

Alethe poliocephala ufipae Moreau
Alethe poliocephala ufipae Moreau, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 62, p. 54 — Mbisi Forest, ca. 8,000 ft.
Ufipa Plateau, southwestern Tanganyika.

ALETHE CHOLOENSIS

Alethe choloensis choloensis Sclater
Alethe choloensis Sclater, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47,
p. 86 — Cholo Mountain, Nyasaland.
Eastern and southern Nyasaland, east of the Rift.

Alethe choloensis namuli Vincent
Alethe choloensis namuli Vincent, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 53, p. 1838 — Namuli Mountain, Quelimane Prov-
ince, Portuguese East Africa.
Known only from the Namuli massif, Mozambique.

GENUS COPSYCHUS WAGLER

Copsychus Wagler, 1827, Syst. Av., note to art. Gracula,
p. 306. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840,
List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 21), Gracula saularis Linnaeus.

Notodela Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn. (1830 ?), p. 374. Type,
by subsequent designation (Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 65

India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 112; 8, p. 622), Gracula saularis
Linnaeus.

Kittacincla Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 7.
Type, by monotypy, Turdus macrourus Gmelin = Musci-
capa malabarica Scopoli.

Trichixos Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool. [Paris], p. 167. Type,
by monotypy, Trichixos pyrropyga Lesson.

Gervaisia Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 38. Type, by monotypy, Turdus albospecularis
Eydoux and Gervais.

Shama Hachisuka, 1934, Tori, 8, p. 222. Type, by mono-
typy, Cittocincla cebuensis Steere.

Kurodornis Hachisuka, 1941, Tori, 11, p. 86. Type, by
original designation, Turdus luzoniensis Kittlitz.

COPSYCHUS SAULARIS

—Copsychus saularis saularis (Linnaeus)
Gracula Saularis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1,
p. 165 — Asia; restricted to Bengal by Baker, 1921,
gourn. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 714.
Low country of West Pakistan and India, except the des-
ert regions, intergrading with ceylonensis in Mysore and
western Madras and with erimelas in East Pakistan.

Copsychus saularis ceylonensis Sclater

Copsychus ceylonensis Sclater, 1861, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 186 — Ceylon.
From the Wynaad, Mysore, and southern Madras, where
intergrades with the preceding form, south Kerala and Cey-
lon; in low country, reaching 6,000 feet in Ceylon.

—Copsychus saularis erimelas Oberholser

Copsychus saularis erimelas Oberholser, 1923, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 76 (6), p. 1 — Kaukarit, Houndraw Branch,
Tenasserim.

Copsychus saularis haliblectus Oberholser, 1923, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 76 (6), p. 2— Domel Island, Mergui Ar-
chipelago. :

Intergrades with saularis in western East Pakistan, Bhu-
tan Duars, and Assam, thence east in Burma, including Mer-
gui Archipelago, Thailand, except the Peninsula, and Indo-
china (North and South Vietnam and Laos).

66 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Copsychus saularis andamanensis Hume

Copsychus andamanensis Hume, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2,
p. 231 — Andamans.
Andaman Islands.

—~Copsychus saularis prosthopellus Oberholser

Copsychus saularis prosthopellus Oberholser, 1923,
Smiths. Mise. Coll., 76 (6), p. 1— Deep Bay, Hong
Kong, China.

Southern and southeastern China in Yunnan, southeast
Sikang, southwest Szechwan, Kweichow, Hunan, Kwung-
tung, Fukien, Kiangsi, Chekiang, Hupeh, southern Anhwei,
and southern Kiangsu; Hainan Island.

..Copsychus saularis musicus (Raffles)

Lanius musicus Raffles, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
13, p. 8307 — Bencoolen, West Sumatra.

«Copsychus saularis ephalus Oberholser, 1923, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 76 (6), p. 2— Tarussan Bay, northwestern
Sumatra.

Copsychus saularis nesiotes Oberholser, 1923, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 76 (6), p. 3—Tanjong Bedaan, Banka
Island, southeastern Sumatra.

Peninsular Thailand, Malaya, and Sumatra and offlying

islands, Singapore, Tioman, Rhio Archipelago, Billiton and
Bangka; up to 5,000 feet.

Copsychus saularis zacnecus Oberholser
Copsychus saularis zacnecus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 12 — Simalur Island.
Simalur Island, west Sumatra islands.

Copsychus saularis nesiarchus Oberholser
Copsychus saularis nesiarchus Oberholser, 1923, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 76 (6), p. 3 — Lafau, Nias Island, western
Sumatra.
Nias Island, west Sumatra islands.

Copsychus saularis masculus Ripley
Copsychus saularis masculus Ripley, 1948, Notulae Nat-
urae, no. 114, p. 1 — Tana Massa Island, Batu Islands.
Batu Islands, west Sumatra islands: Pini, Tello, Tana
Massa.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 67
—Copsychus saularis pagiensis Richmond /
Copsychus saularis pagiensis Richmond, 1912, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 25, p. 105 — North Pagi Island, west
Sumatra.
Siberut, Sipora, and North Pagi Islands, west Sumatra
islands.

Copsychus saularis javensis Chasen and Kloss
Copsychus saularis javensis Chasen and Kloss, 1930, Bull.
Raffles Mus., 4, pp. 87; 89 — Wynkoops Bay, southwest
Java.
Western Java, intergrading with the following form in
mid-Java.

_-Copsychus saularis amoenus (Horsfield)
Turdus amoenus Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don, 13, p. 147 — Java [= East Java, vide Sharpe, 1883,
Cat Birds Brit. Mus: 7; p. Goll.
Eastern Java, intergrading with the preceding form in
mid Java; Bali Island.

Copsychus saularis problematicus Sharpe

Copsychus. problematicus Sharpe, 1876, Ibis, p. 86 —
Sibu.
Southwestern (Kapuas River basin) and western Borneo
to the Baram River in eastern Sarawak, where intergrades
with adamsi.

_—Copsychus saularis adamsi Elliott
Copsychus niger Wardlaw Ramsay, 1886, Proc. Zool. Soe.
London, p. 123 — Sandakan, North Borneo, nec Kitta-
cincla nigra Sharpe, 1877.
Copsychus adamsi Elliott, 1890, Auk, 7, p. 348 — Sanda-
kan.
Copsychus saularis ater Delacour, 1945, Zoologica, 30,
p. 112, new name for C. niger Wardlaw Ramsay.
Brunei, eastern Sarawak (where intergrades with prob-
lematicus), North Borneo, Banguey, Balembangan, Malle-
wallé, and Sibatik Island.

Copsychus saularis pluto Bonaparte

Copsychus (Turdus) pluto Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av.,
1 (1850), p. 267 — ex Borneo [= neighborhood of Sa-

68 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

marinda, vide Chasen and Kloss, 1930, Bull. Raffles
Mus., 4, p. 90].
Eastern Borneo; Maratua Island; intergrades with prob-
lematicus in Sampit District, southeastern Borneo (Kali-
mantan).

Copsychus saularis deuteronymus Parkes

Copsychus saularis deuteronymus Parkes, 1963, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 83, p. 50, new name for Copsychus saularis
heterogynus Parkes, 1962, nec Kittacincla malabarica
heterogyna Oberholser, 1917, preoccupied in Copsychus.

Copsychus saularis heterogynus Parkes, 1962, Postilla,
Yale Univ., no. 67, p. 3— Pangil, Laguna Province,
Luzon, Philippines.

Luzon; may occur on Polillo, Catanduanes, and Marin-

duque Islands.

_—~ Copsychus saularis mindanensis (Boddaert)
Turdus mindanensis Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. enlum., p.
38 — Philippine Islands; restricted to Mindanao by
Parkes, 1962, ibid., p. 3.
Philippine Islands of Sibuyan, Mindoro, Samar, Cebu,
Negros, Mindanao, Basilan, and Sulu archipelago.

COPSYCHUS SECHELLARUM
—— Copsychus sechellarum Newton / >.

Copsychus sechellarum Newton, 1865, Ibis, p. 332, pl. 8
—on some islands of the Seychelles.
Seychelles Archipelago: Frigate Island; extinct on Mari-
anne, Ladigue, Aride and Praslin; Alphonse Island (intro-
duced; extinct ?).

COPSYCHUS ALBOSPECULARIS

_” Copsychus albospecularis albospecularis (Eydoux and Ger-
vais)

Turdus albo-specularis Eydoux and Gervais, 1836, Mag.
Zool. [Paris], p. 9, pls. 64, 65 — Madagascar; restricted
to Maroantsetra, northeastern Madagascar, by Dela-
cour, 1931, Ois. Rev. Franc. Orn., 1, p. 623.

Northern Madagascar, intergrading with the following

form in the Fanovana region.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 69

_—Copsychus albospecularis inexpectatus Richmond ~ ’ °
Copsychus inexpectatus Richmond, 1897, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 19, p. 688 — mouth of River Fanantra, east coast
of Madagascar.
Eastern Madagascar, south to Manombo; intergrading
with the preceding form in the Fanovana and Sianka areas.

-Copsychus albospecularis pica Pelzeln
Copsychus (Turdus) pica Pelzeln, 1858, Sitzungsb. K.
Akad. Wiss. Wien., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., 31, p. 323 —
Bontebok Bay, northwestern Madagascar.
Wooded areas of western Madagascar and the extreme
north as far as Vohemar, and south at least to Ampotaka;
intergrades with inexpectatus in Ivohibé area in the south-
east. .

COPSYCHUS MALABARICUS

_——Copsychus malabaricus malabaricus (Scopoli)
Muscicapa malabarica Scopoli, 1788, Del. Flor. Fauna In-
subr., fasc. 2, p. 96 — Mahé, Malabar.
India from Gujarat (Surat Dangs) south through the
Ghats to Mysore, western Madras, and Kerala; plains to
2,000 feet.

Copsychus malabaricus leggei (Whistler)

Kittacincla malabarica legget Whistler, 1941, Ibis, p. 319
— Uragaha, Ceylon.
Ceylon, in the low country to nearly 3,000 feet.

—~ Copsychus malabaricus indicus (Baker)
Kittacincla malabarica indica Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit.
Ind., Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 118 — Bhutan Duars.

From Nepal east along the Himalyan foothills through
Darjeeling, Sikkim, Bhutan Duars, and Assam, south in
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, eastern Madhya Pradesh (Rajmahal
Hills), Orissa, and northern Andhra Pradesh; from the
plains to 2,000 feet.

— Copsychus malabaricus albiventris (Blyth)
Kittacincla albiventris Blyth, 1859, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 27, p. 269 — Andamans.
Andaman Islands.

70 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

__Copsychus malabaricus interpositus (Robinson and Kloss)

Kittacincla malabarica interposita Robinson and Kloss,
1922, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, p. 262 —
Daban, South Annan.

Kittacincla malabarica wellogyna Oberholser, 1928,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 76 (6), p. 4— Bok Pyim, Ten-
nasserim.

Kittacincla malabarica lamprogyna Oberholser, 1923,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 76 (6), p. 5—St. Luke Island,
Mergui Archipelago.

Burma, Thailand, North and South Vietnam, and Laos.

Copsychus malabaricus minor (Swinhoe)
Cittacincla macrura minor Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 244 —
Hainan Island.
Cittacincla brevicauda Ogilvie-Grant, 1899, Ibis, p. 584 —
interior of Hainan.
Hainan Island.

Copsychus malabaricus mallopercnus (Oberholser)
Kkittacincla malabarica malloperena Oberholser, 1923,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 76 (6), p. 5—Sing Kep Island,
Berhala Strait, off southeastern Sumatra.
Malay Peninsula, Langkawi group, Penang, Singapore;
Tioman, Rhio, and Lingga Archipelagos; intergrades with
interposita in the northern peninsula.

— Copsychus malabaricus tricolor (Vieillot)

Turdus tricolor Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 30, p. 291 — islands of the South Sea [= Ban-
tam, western Java, vide Robinson and Kloss, 1921,
Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, p. 210].

Kittacincla malabarica abbotti Oberholser, 1923, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 76 (6), p. 5— Tanjong Bedaan, Banka
Island, southeastern Sumatra.

Sumatra, Banka, Billiton, and Karimata Islands, Riouw

Archipelago, and Java, in the western districts east at least
to Cape Indramaju.

Copsychus malabaricus mirabilis Hoogerwerf
Copsychus malabaricus mirabilis Hoogerwerf, 1962, Ar-
dea, 50, p. 184— Tjiharashas, Prinsen Island, West
Java.
Prinsen Island, southern Sunda Strait, Indonesia.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 7k

_——Copsychus malabaricus melanurus (Salvadori)

Cittacincla melanura Salvadori, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 4, p. 549, pl. 8, fig. 1 — Nias Island.

Kittacincla melanura hypoliza Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 60 (7), 18 — Simalur Island.

Kittacincla melanura opisthochra Oberholser, 1912,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 13 — Pulo Lasia.

Kittacincla melanura pagiensis Oberholser, 1923, Smiths.
Misc. Col., 76 (6), p. 3— North Pagi Island, western
Sumatra.

Simalur, Lasia, Babi, Nias, Siberut, Sipora, and Pagi

Islands, west Sumatra Islands.

Copsychus malabaricus opisthopelus (Oberholser)

Kittacincla malabarica opisthopela Oberholser, 1912,
Smiths. Mise. Coll., 60 (7), p. 183 — Tana Bala Island,
Batu Islands.

Kittacincla malabarica opisthisa Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Mise. Coll., 60 (7), p. 13—Pulo Tuanku, Banjak
Islands.

Tunagku, Bangkaru, Tello, Tana Massa, Tana Bala, and

Banyak Islands, west Sumatra Islands.

Copsychus malabaricus javanus (Kloss)

Kittacincla malabarica javana Kloss, 1921, Journ. Fed.
Malay States Mus., 10, p. 210 — Karangbolang, south
coast of mid-Java (not Karangboland of Noesa Kam-
bangan Island).

Western and central Java.

Copsychus malabaricus omissus (Hartert)
Kittacincla macrurus omissa Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool.,
9, p. 572 — Lawang, East Java.
Eastern Java. j

Copsychus malabaricus ochroptilus (Oberholser)

Kittacincla malabarica ochroptila Oberholser, 1917, Bull.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 98, p. 51— Pulo Siantan, Anamba
Islands.

Kittacincla malabarica heterogyna Oberholser, 1917, Bull.
U.S: Nat. Mus:, 98, p. 55 —Pulo Riabu, Anamba
Islands.

Anamba Islands.

72 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Copsychus malabaricus eumesus (Oberholser)

Kittacincla malabarica eumesa Oberholser, 1932, Bull.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 81 — Bunguran Island, Natuna
Islands.

Natuna Islands.

~—Copsychus malabaricus suavis Sclater
Copsychus suavis Sclater, 1861, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 185 — Banjermassing, southern Borneo.
Kittacincla malabarica zaphotina Oberholser, 1923,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 76 (6), p. 6 — central Borneo.
Borneo, except North Borneo.

Copsychus malabaricus nigricauda (Vorderman)
Cittacincla nigricauda Vorderman, 1893, Nat. Tijds.
Nederl. Ind., 42, p. 197 — Kangean.
Kangean Islands and Mata Siri Island, Java Sea.

COPSYCHUS STRICKLANDII

Copsychus stricklandii stricklandii Motley and Dillwyn
Copsychus Stricklandii Motley and Dillwyn, 1855, Nat.
Hist. Labuan, p. 20, pl. 4— Labuan Island [reference
not verified].
Labuan, Balambangan, and Banggi (Banguey) Islands,
North Borneo south to Lawas District, Sarawak, and east
to northeastern Borneo (Kalimantan).

Copsychus stricklandii barbouri (Bangs and Peters)
Kkittacincla barbouri Bangs and Peters, 1927, Occ. Papers
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 239 — Maratua Island.
Maratua Island, eastern Borneo (Kalimantan).

COPSYCHUS LUZONIENSIS

— Copsychus luzoniensis luzoniensis (Kittlitz)

Turdus luzoniensis Kittlitz, 1832, Kupfertafeln Natur.
Vogel, p. 7, pl. 11, fig. 2— Luzon [reference not veri-
fied].

Luzon, Cantaduanes, and Marinduque Islands, Philip-

pines.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE (3)

Copsychus luzoniensis parvimaculatus (McGregor)
Kittacincla parvimaculata McGregor, 1910, Philippine
Journ. Sci., 5, no. 2, sect. D, p. 112 — Polillo, Polillo
Island, Philippine Islands.
Polillo Island, Philippines.

Copsychus luzoniensis superciliaris (Bourns and Worcester)
Cittocincla superciliaris Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ.
Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 23 — Masbate,
Negros and Ticao Islands.
Negros, Panay, Masbate, and Ticao Islands, Philippines.

COPSYCHUS NIGER

—— Copsychus niger niger (Sharpe)
Cittocincla nigra Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
1, p. 335, pl. 52 — Palawan.
Balabac, Calamianes, and Palawan Islands, Philippines.

Copsychus niger cebuensis (Steere)

Cittocincla cebuensis Steere, 1890, List. Birds Mamm.
Steere Exped., p. 20 — no locality; Cebu Island desig-
nated by Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers Min-
nesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 58.

Cebu Island, Philippines.

COPSYCHUS PYRROPYGUS

_._ Copsychus pyrropygus (Lesson)
Trichixos pyrropyga Lesson, 1839, Rev. Mag. Zool.
[Paris], p. 167 — Sumatra.
Malaya, as far north as Wellesley, Sumatra, and Borneo;
locally up to 3,000 feet.

GENUS IRANIA DE FILIPPI

Trania de Filippi, 1863, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol. Genova,
2, p. 880. Type, by monotypy, Jrania Finoti de Filippi =
Cossypha gutturalis Guérin-Méneville.

IRANIA GUTTURALIS

_Irania gutturalis (Guérin-Méneville)
Cossypha gutturalis Guérin-Méneville, 1843, Rev. Zool.,
p. 162 — Abyssinia.

74 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds from Turkey, Armenia and Lebanon, east through
northern Iran to northern Afghanistan, Tadzhikistan, west-
ern Kirghizstan, and southern Kazakhstan, in the Kara Tau
Mountains; on passage in Syria and Israel; winters in south-
west Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Aden, Eritrea, Somalia, and
southern Ethiopia south to the Taveta District of Kenya and
to central Tanganyika.

GENUS PHOENICURUS FORSTER

Phoenicurus Forster, 1817, Synopt. Cat. Brit. Birds, 16,
p. 538. Type, by tautonymy, Motacilla phoenicurus Lin-
naeus.

Adelura Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
38, p. 8, footnote. Type, by original designation, Phoe-
nicura caeruleocephala Vigors.

Diplootocus Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 325. Type by
monotypy, H'rythacus Moussieri Olphe-Galliard.

cf. Stegmann, 1928, Journ. f. Orn., 76, pp. 496-503 (ochru-
ros; phoenicurus).
Portenko, 1954, Birds U.S.S.R., 3, pp. 180-189 (genus).
Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1731, pp. 14-20
(ochruros; auroreus; fuliginosus) .

PHOENICURUS ALASCHANICUS

—~ Phoenicurus alaschanicus (Przevalski)

Rutirilla (sic) alaschanica Przevalski, 1876, Mongol.
Strana Tangut., 2, p. 40, pl. 9, fig. 2 — Ala Shan [refer-
ence not verified].

Mountains of western China in Ningsia, western Kansu,

and northeastern Tsinghai.

PHOENICURUS ERYTHRONOTUS

— Phoenicurus erythronotus (Eversmann)
Sylvia Erythronota Eversmann, 1841, Add. Pallas Zoogr.
Rosso-Asiat., 2, p. 11 — Altai.

Breeds from the mountains of Tadzhikistan northeast
across Middle Asia to Altai, Targabatai, Tian Shan, Sayan,
and northwest Mongolia; Ala Shan mountains, Ningsia.
Winters south in Kirghizstan and Tadzhikistan, Turkmenia,

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 75

Iraq (rare), Iran, Afghanistan, West Pakistan, northern
India, and west-central Nepal. Vagrant to eastern Siberia.

PHOENICURUS CAERULEOCEPHALUS
—Phoenicurus caeruleocephalus Vigors

Phoenicura caeruleocephala Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 35 — Himalayas.

Breeds from Tadzhikistan northeast to Altai and Targa-
batai, south to eastern Afghanistan, West Pakistan from
the Safed Koh to Kashmir, and along Himalayas to Garh-
wal; found east to Nepal, Darjeeling, Sikkim, and Bhutan
(no breeding records).

PHOENICURUS OCHRUROS

_—Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis (Gmelin)
Motacilla gibraltariensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1(2),
p. 987 — Gibraltar.
Erithacus Domesticus Kleinschmidt, 1903, Journ. f. Orn.,
51, p. 357 —no locality.
Phoenicurus ochruros aterrimus von Jordans, 1923, Falco,
Sonderheft, p. 8 — Bellas, Portugal.

Southern Norway, and Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands,
Belgium, southern British Isles (range extending), south
in France, Portugal, and Spain to Atlas Mountains, Moroc-
co; east in Europe to the Crimea and Greece; wintering in
the southern parts of the range, Mediterranean Islands,
North Africa from Morocco and Tangier east to Egyptian
Delta, and Israel.

- Phoenicurus ochruros ochruros (Gmelin)

Motacilla Ochruros S. G. Gmelin, 1774, Reise Russl., 3, p.
101, pl. 19, fig. 3 — Mountains of northern Gilan, Iran
[reference not verified].

Breeds in the Caucasus, eastern Turkey, Armenia, and

northern Iran; on migration in Syria, Israel, and Iraq;
Arabia, two winter records.

__ Phoenicurus ochruros semirufus (Hemprich and Ehrenberg)
Sylvia semirufa Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833, Symb.
Phys., Av., fol. bb. — Egypt [errore = Syria, vide Strese-
mann, 1954, Abh. Deutschen Akad. Wiss., Math.-Natur-

wiss., Berlin, no. 1, p. 175].

76 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds in the hills of Syria and Lebanon; winters south
to Israel and Sinai.

—Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides (Moore)

Ruticilla phoenicuroides Moore, 1854, in Horsfield and
Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. East India Co., 1, p. 301 —
Shikarpur, Sind.

Ruticilla rufiventris var. paradoxa Zarudny, 1896, Mater.
Kpoznan. Faun. Flor. Ross. Imp., p. 75 — Transcaspia
[reference not verified].

Phoenicurus phoenicuroides alexandrovi Zarudny, 1908,
Izvest. Zakasp. Muz., 1, p. 13 — Great Balkhan, western
Transcaspia [reference not verified].

Breeds in northeast Iran, Afghanistan, and Kirghizstan,
and Tadzhikistan north to Altai, Tian Shan, and western
Sayan Mountains; mountains north of Lake Balkash, south
to northern Baluchistan, mountains of West Pakistan, Kash-
mir east to Ladakh, Lahul, and Spiti; winters south of
breeding range to eastern Sudan, Ethiopia, Somaliland,
Arabia, Iraq, southern Iran, West Pakistan, and Indian
plains.

~—~-Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris (Vieillot)

Oenanthe rufiventris Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 21, p. 431—southern Africa, errore; re-
stricted to Gyantse, Tibet by Baker, 1921, Jour. Bom-
bay Nat: Hist: S0c¢.. 27,.p: a 12.

Phoenicurus ochruros xerophilus Stegmann, 1928, Journ.
f. Orn., 76, p. 501 — Russki Mountains.

In Russki, Nan Shan, and Humboldt Mountains of Ning-
sia and Tsinghai, northwestern China, east to western
Szechwan and south to Kansu, Sikang, and Garhwal-Tibet
border, higher Himalayas east to Nepal and Sikkim; on pas-
sage, Mount Everest, 20,000 feet; wintering in India and
northern Burma.

PHOENICURUS PHOENICURUS

.~Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus)
Motacilla Phoenicurus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,
1, p. 187 — “in Europa’’; restricted to Sweden by Har-
tert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 718.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE FET

Erithacus algeriensis Kleinschmidt, 1904, Orn. Monatsb.,
12, p. 197 — Lambése, Algeria.

Phoenicurus phoenicurus turkestanicus Zarudny, 1910,
Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 189 — Bukhara.

Phoenicurus phoenicurus caesitergum Clancey, 1947, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 67, p. 77—the wooded policies of
Gawthorpe Estate, near Burnley, Lancashire, England.

British Isles, Scandanavia and across Russia north to the

tree line, east to Yenisei River at about lat. 64° N. and Lake
Baikal, south to Kirghistan and the Altai range; south in
Europe to Algeria and the Mediterranean and Black Sea; on
passage through Morocco, the Nile Valley, Lebanon, Israel,
and Iraq; winters in tropical west Africa south to Equa-
torial Africa east as far as Tanganyika, western Arabia,
and northwest West Pakistan.

-—Phoenicurus phoenicurus samamisicus (Hablizl)

Motacilla samamisica Hablizl, 1783, Neue Nord. Beytrage,
4, p. 60 — Gilan Alps, Iran [reference not verified].
Sylvia mesoleuca Ehrenberg, 1833, in Hemprich and
Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys. Av., fol. ee — Jidda, Arabia.
Ruticilla semenowi Zarudny, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15, p. 213
— Luristan, Arabistan, Mazanderan [, Iran].

Phoenicurus mesoleuca incognita Zarudny, 1910, Orn.
Monatsb., 18, p. 189 — Luristan, Gilan, Mazanderan
finan.

Phoenicurus mesoleuca bucharensis Zarudny, 1910, Orn.

Monatsb., 18, p. 189 — Bukhara.

Crimea, Caucasus, eastern Turkey, northern and western
Iran, western Afghanistan, southern Turkmenistan, and
Tadzhikistan south to Syria, Cyprus, and Iraq; winters in
southern part of breeding range south to Lebanon (breed-
ing ?), Arabia, Yemen, eastern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethio-
pia.

PHOENICURUS HODGSONI
Phoenicurus hodgsoni (Moore)

Ruticilla Hodgsoni Moore, 1854, in Horsfield and Moore,
Cat. Birds Mus. East India Co., 1, p. 303 — Bootan.
Western China in the mountains of Ningsia, Kansu,
Tsinghai, western Szechwan, and Sikang south to southeast
Tibet; winters in Szechwan, Yunnan, northern Burma,
northeastern India, Bhutan, and Nepal.

78 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PHOENICURUS FRONTALIS
~Phoenicurus frontalis Vigors

Phoenicura frontalis Vigors, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 172— Himalayas; restricted to Garhwal by
Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 69.

Phoenicurus frontalis sinae Hartert, 1918, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 38, p. 78 — Kansu.

Phoenicurus frontalis perates Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 13 — Karong, Manipur.

Breeding in Himalayas from Chitral, in West Pakistan,

east through Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and south-
ern and southeast Tibet north in west China in Sikang,
Szechwan, Tsinghai, Kansu, and Ningsia; winters at lower
altitudes and south in north Burma, Yunnan, and North
Vietnam (Tonkin).

PHOENICURUS SCHISTICEPS

_— Phoenicurus schisticeps (Gray)

Ruticilla schisticeps Gray, 1846, Cat. Mamm. Birds Nepal,

pp. 69, 153 — Nepal.

Phoenicurus schisticeps beicki Stresemann, 1927, Orn.

Monatsb., 35, p. 184 — Lan-hu-kou (Kansu).

Nepal east to southeast Tibet and west China, in northern
Yunnan, Sikang, Tsinghai, Szechwan, western Shensi, and
Kansu; winters at lower altitudes and south to Assam and
northern Burma.

PHOENICURUS AUROREUS

——~Phoenicurus auroreus leucopterus Blyth

Phoenicura leucoptera Blyth, 1843, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 12, p. 962 — Malay Peninsula.

Ruticilla rufiventris pleskei Schalow, 1901, Journ. f. Orn.,
49, p. 454 —Nan Shan.

Probably breeds in west China in Ningsia, western Shen-
si, Kansu, and Sikang; breeds in southeast Tibet and Yun-
nan; winters in breeding area and south to India (Hima-
layas from Darjeeling east to Assam), northern Burma,
southern China, northern Thailand, Laos, and northern
Vietnam.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 719

Phoenicurus auroreus auroreus (Pallas)

Motacilla aurorea Pallas, 1776, Reise Russ. Reichs, 3, p.
695 — Selenga River.

Erithacus auroreus Filchneri Parrot, 1907, in Filchner,
Exped. China-Tibet, Zool.-bot. Ergeb., p. 130 — Kin-
tschou and Ping-liang, north China [reference not veri-
fied].

Phoenicurus auroreus orientalis Domaniewski, 1933, Acta
Orn. Mus. Zool. Polonici, 1, p. 81 — Sidemi, near Vladi-
vostok.

Breeds in Siberia, northern Mongolia east to Amur, Man-
churia, Korea, and China in northern Hopeh; winters in
the southern parts of breeding range and south into China,
Hainan Island, Ryu Kyu Islands, and central and southern
Japan (rare in Hokkaido).

PHOENICURUS MOUSSIERI

__ Phoenicurus moussieri (Olphe-Galliard) nph
Erythacus Moussieri Olphe-Galliard, 1852, Ann. Soc.
Agric. Lyon, ser. 2, 4, p. 101, pl. 2— Oran Province,
Algeria [reference not verified].
Breeds in Atlas Mountains and associated high ranges
in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia; in winter wanders to ad-
jacent foothills.

Pag A

PHOENICURUS ERYTHROGASTER

—Phoenicurus erythrogaster erythrogaster (Giildenstadt)
Motacilla erythrogastra Giildenstadt, 1775, Nov. Comm.
Acad. Petrop., 19, p. 469, pls. 16, 17 — Caucasus.
Caucasus and southern Caspian region of Iran.

—Phoenicurus erythrogaster grandis (Gould)

Ruticilla grandis Gould, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1849), p. 112 — Afghanistan and Tibet.

Phoenicurus erythrogaster maximus Kleinschmidt, 1924,
Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 16, p. 42 — Janeti, Rombatsa,
Chuwo, eastern Tibet [= Sikang].

Breeds from Ferghana east to Altai and Tarbagatai;

Transbaicalia? south into the Pamirs, Tian Shan, hills of
West Pakistan and India east to Nepal, Darjeeling, Sikkim,

80 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

southeast Tibet, Sikang, Tsinghai, and Kansu; winters at
lower elevations in adjacent hills and in Hopeh and Jehol,
northeastern China.

GENUS RHYACORNIS BLANFORD

Rhyacornis Blanford, 1872, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 41,
p. 51. Type, by monotypy, Phoenicura fuliginosa Vigors.

Kawabitakia Hachisuka, 1934, Tori, 8, no. 38, p. 222.
Type, by monotypy, Chaimarrornis bicolor Ogilvie-
Grant.

RHYACORNIS BICOLOR

~~Rhyacornis bicolor (Olgilvie-Grant) <
Chimarrhornis (sic) bicolor Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 3, p. 49 — northern Luzon.
Mountains of northern Luzon, Philippines.

RHYACORNIS FULIGINOSUS

__.. Rh yacornis fuliginosus fuliginosus (Vigors)

Phoenicura fuliginosa Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 35 — Himalayas; restricted to Simla-Almora
district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.

Ch[a]imarronis fuliginosa tenuirostris Stresemann, 1923,
Journ. f. Orn., 71, p. 8364 — Siuhang, Kwangtung.

West Pakistan (Safed Koh), Indian Himalayas, Nepal,
Sikkim, and Bhutan, east through southeast Tibet, Sikang,
Yunnan, Szechwan, and Kansu to Hopeh, thence south
throughout to Burma, northern Thailand, northern Viet-
nam, and Hainan Island.

__» Rhyacornis fuliginosus affinis (Ogilvie-Grant)

Xanthopygia affinis Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 16, p. 118 — Mount Morrison, 6,000 ft., central
Formosa.

Formosa.

GENUS HODGSONIUS BONAPARTE

Hodgsonius Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p.
300. Type, by monotypy, Brachypterus phaenicuroides
“Hodgs.” = Bradypterus phaenicuroides Gray.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 81

HODGSONIUS PHAENICUROIDES

~~ Hodgsonius phaenicuroides phaenicuroides (Gray)
Bradypterus phaenicuroides Gray, 1846, Cat. Mamm.
Birds Nepal Thibet, pp. 70, 1538 — Nepal.
West Pakistan and Indian Himalayas, Nepal, Sikkim, and
Bhutan east through southeast Tibet, Sikang, Yunnan, and
north Burma.

_-Hodgsonius phaenicuroides ichangensis Baker
Hodgsonius phoenicuroides ichangensis Baker, 1922, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 18—Ichang, Upper Yangtse
Valley.
China in Szechwan, Kansu, east Kuku Nor, and Shensi;
south in winter to northern Vietnam and Laos.

GENUS CINCLIDIUM BLYTH

Cinclidium Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11, p.
181. Type, by montypy, C. frontale Blyth.

Muscisylvia Hodgson, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
27. Type, by original designation, M. leucura Hodgson,
nec Musicisylvia (sic) Agassiz, 1841.

Myiomela Gray, 1846, Gen. Birds, 1, p. 172. New name for
Muscisylvia Hodgson, preoccupied.

Callene Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 136.
New name for Cinclidium Blyth, 1842, preoccupied in
botany.

cf. Mayr, 19388, Ibis, p. 293 (names Muscisylvia, My-
iomela).

CINCLIDIUM LEUCURUM
__ Cinclidium leucurum leucurum (Hodgson)
M.(uscisylvia) leucura Hodgson, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 27 — Nepal.
Notodela leucura rhipidura Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India, 4, p. 41 — Tekhubama, Naga Hills.
Nepal, northeastern Pakistan and India, northern Viet-
nam (Tonkin), Laos, and southern Vietnam; Malaya (Per-

ak) ; Burma, Yunnan, and northern Thailand; foothills to
8,000 feet.

82 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cinclidium leucurum cambodianum (Delacour and Jabouille)
Notodela cambodiana Delacour and Jabouille, 1928, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 132 — Bokor, 1,000 m., southern
Cambodia.
Cambodia, in the Chaine de |’Eléphant.

CINCLIDIUM DIANA

—— Cinclidium diana sumatranum (Robinson and Kloss)
Notodela diana sumatrana Robinson and Kloss, 1918,
Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8, p. 215 — Sungei,
4,600 ft., Kumbang, Korinchi, Sumatra.
Mountains of northern and west-central Sumatra.

__— Cinclidium diana diana (Lesson)
Lanius (Notodela) diana Lesson, 1834, in Bélanger, Voy.
Ind. Zool. Ois., p. 246, pl. 3 — Pegu [errore = Java, vide
Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 25].
Mountains of Java.

CINCLIDIUM FRONTALE

—— Cinclidium frontale frontale Blyth
Cinclidium frontale Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 11, p. 181 — Sikkim.
In the hills of Nepal, Darjeeling District, and Sikkim.

Cinclidium frontale orientale Delacour and Jabouille

Callene frontalis orientalis Delacour and Jabouille, 1930,
Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 11, p. 897 — Chapa, Tonkin.
North Vietnam, in Tonkin; and Laos.

GENUS GRANDALA HopDGSON

Grandala Hodgson, 18438, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12,
p. 447. Type, by monotypy, Grandala céelicolor Hodg-
son.

GRANDALA COELICOLOR

__-Grandala coelicolor Hodgson
Gr.(andala) céelicolar (sic) Hodgson, 18438, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 447 — Nepal.
Grandala coelicolor florentes Bangs, 1926, Proc. New

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 83

England Zool. Club, 9, p. 78 — Tatsienlu [=Kangting],
Szechwan.

From Kashmir east along the Himalayas, Nepal, Sikkim,
Bhutan, southeast Tibet, north Burma (Adung Valley, win-
ter), Sikang, western Szechwan, Tsinghai, and adjacent
Kansu.

GENUS SIALIA SWAINSON

Sialia Swainson, 1827, Phil. Mag., n.s., 1 (5), p. 369.
Type, by monotypy, Sialia azurea Swainson = Motacilla
sialis Linnaeus.

SIALIA SIALIS

_ Sialia sialis sialis (Linnaeus)

Motacilla Sialis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p.
187 —in Bermudis & America calidiore [= South
Carolina].

Southern central and eastern Canada from Saskatchewan
to Nova Scotia, south in the United States from the eastern
slope of the Rockies in Montana and the Dakotas south to
central Texas and east through eastern United States, ex-
cept peninsular Florida; Bermuda; wintering in the central
and southern latitudes of its range south to Mexico (Nuevo
Le6n) and western Cuba (rarely).

_.. Sialia sialis grata Bangs
Sialia sialis grata Bangs, 1898, Auk, 15, p. 182 — Miami,
Dade County, Florida.
Peninsular Florida from Lake County south.

__ Sialia sialis episcopus Oberholser
Sialia sialis episcopus Oberholser, 1917, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 30, p. 27 — Santa Engracia, Tamaulipas,
Mexico.
Southern coastal Texas (Rockport) south to southern
Tamaulipas, Mexico.

— Sialia sialis fulva Brewster
Sialia sialis fulva Brewster, 1885, Auk, 2, p. 85 — Santa
Rita Mountains, Arizona.
Mountains of south-central Arizona south through the

84 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Mexican tableland to Guerrero and México; wintering to
Veracruz, Chiapas, and Guatemala.

_Sialia sialis guatemalae Ridgway
Sialia sialis guatemalae Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 5, p. 138 — highlands of Guatemala and Honduras.
Mountains of eastern and southeastern Mexico from
southern Tamaulipas to Chiapas and Oaxaca; and Guate-
mala.

_—Sialia sialis meridionalis Dickey and van Rossem

Sialia sialis meridionalis Dickey and van Rossem, 1930,
Condor, 32, p. 69 — Los Esesmiles, Chalatenango, E]
Salvador.

Mountains of El Salvador and Nicaragua; Honduras (?).

SIALIA MEXICANA

__ Sialia mexicana occidentalis Townsend

S.(ialia) occidentalis Townsend, 1837, Journ. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, 7, p. 188 — Columbia River [= Fort
Vancouver, Washington].

Southern British Columbia, Montana, eastern Oregon,
Idaho, and Wyoming south in the mountains to southern
California and western Nevada; wintering at lower alti-
tudes; wandering to southeast California, Santa Catalina,
and San Clemente Islands.

_— Sialia mexicana bairdi Ridgway

Sialia mexicana bairdi Ridgway, 1894, Auk, 11, pp. 151,
157 — Camp 110, New Mexico [= Cactus Pass, 20 miles
east of Kingman, Mohave County, Arizona].

Southern Nevada, central Utah, and Colorado south to
Arizona, western Texas, northern Sonora, and northern
Chihuahua; wintering at lower altitudes in same areas and
as far as southeast California.

_— Sialia mexicana anabelae Anthony

Sialia mexicana anabelae Anthony, 1889, Proc. California
Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 2, p. 79—San Pedro Mountain,
Lower California.

Northern Baja California in Sierra Juarez and San Pedro

Martir; wintering at lower altitudes and on Todos Santos
Island.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 85

Sialia mexicana amabilis Moore
Sialia mexicana amabile Moore, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 125 — Nievero, 4 miles west of Ciu-
dad Durango, Mexico.
Sierra Madre Occidental from southern Chihuahua to
Zacatecas.

—Sialia mexicana mexicana Swainson }

Sialia Mexicana Swainson, 1882, in Swainson and Rich-
ardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 2, p. 202 —tableland of
Mexico.

Northeastern central plateau in Coahuila, San Luis Po-

tosi, Nuevo Leon, and southwest Tamaulipas.
_— Sialia mexicana australis N elson’
Sialia mexicana australis Nelson, 1908, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 16, p. 159 — Mount Tancitaro, Michoacan.
Southern plateau in Jalisco, Michoacan, Guanajuato,
México, Morelos, Puebla, and western Veracruz.

SIALIA CURRUCOIDES

_——Sialia currucoides (Bechstein)
Motacilla s. Sylvia Currucoides Bechstein (ex Borkh MS),
1798, in Latham, Allgem. Uebers. Vogel, 3, pt. 2, p.
546, pl. 121 — Virginien [= western America].

Breeds from central Alaska, southern Yukon, southern
Mackenzie, and southwest Manitoba south in mountains to
southern California, northern Arizona, southern New Mex-
ico, and in plains of Dakotas; winters from southern British
Columbia south to Baja California, Sinaloa, Michoacan,
Guanajuato, Nuevo Leon, and southern Texas.

GENUS ENICURUS TEMMINCK

Enicurus Temminck, 1822, Pl. Col., livr. 19, pl. 113. Type,
by monotypy, Hnicurus coronatus Temminck = Turdus
Leschenaulti Vieillot.

Microcichla Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, pp.
312, 322. Type, by monotypy, Enicurus scouleri Vigors.

86 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

ENICURUS SCOULERI

Enicurus scouleri scouleri Vigors

Enicurus Scoulert Vigors, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1831), p. 174— Himalayas; restricted to Simla by
Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 65.

Southeast Russia in Tadzhikistan and Kirghizstan, north-

east Afghanistan, West Pakistan and India from Chitral
along the Himalayas, Nepal, Sikang, Yunnan, and Szechwan
northeast to the hills of Shensi, and south to southwest
China and Vietnam (Tonkin) ; winters in foothills and south
to northern Burma (resident ?).

_——Enicurus scouleri fortis (Hartert)

Microcichla scouleri fortis Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fau-
na, 1, p. 761 — Tapposha, Formosa.
Hills of Formosa (Taiwan).

ENICURUS VELATUS

_—Enicurus velatus sumatranus (Robinson and Kloss)

Henicurus velatus sumatranus Robinson and Kloss, 1923,
Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 11, p. 56 — Siolak Dras,
Korinchi Valley, Sumatra.

Sumatra.

Enicurus velatus velatus Temminck

Enicurus velatus Temminck, 1822, Pl. Col., livr. 27, pl.
160 — Java.
Java.
ENICURUS RUFICAPILLUS

_ Enicurus ruficapillus Temminck

Enicurus ruficapillus Temminck, 1823, Pl. Col., livr. 90,
pl. 534 — Palembang, Sumatra.
Malay Peninsula from Burma (southern Tenasserim) and
Thailand (Chumphon) south; Sumatra; Borneo.

ENICURUS IMMACULATUS

.Enicurus immaculatus (Hodgson)
Motacilla (Enicurus) Immaculatus Hodgson, 1836, Asiat.
Res., 19, p. 190 — Nepal.
Himalayas of India from Garhwal east, Nepal, East Pakis-
tan, Burma (except Tenasserim), and Thailand.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 87

ENICURUS SCHISTACEUS
~Enicurus schistaceus (Hodgson)
Motacilla (Enicurus) schistaceus Hodgson, 1836, Asiat.
Res., 19, p. 189 — Nepal.
Himalayas of India from Kumaon east, Nepal, East Pakis-
tan (?), Burma, northern Thailand, Laos, Vietnam in An-

nam and Tonkin, and China in Yunnan, Kwangtung, and
Fukien.

ENICURUS LESCHENAULTI
Enicurus leschenaulti indicus Hartert
Enicurus leschenaulti indicus Hartert, 1909, Vog. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 760 — Margherita, Upper Assam.
Himalayas of eastern India from Darjeeling eastward,
East Pakistan, Burma, northern Thailand, Laos, and Viet-
nam in northern Annam and Tonkin.

——_KEnicurus leschenaulti sinensis Gould

Enicurus sinensis Gould, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 665 — China [=Shanghai; vide Sharpe, 1883, Cat.
Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 314].

China from Sikang, Yunnan, Szechwan, southern Kansu,

and Shensi to Kwangsi, Fukien, Hupeh, and Chekiang;
Hainan Island.

~~ Enicurus leschenaulti frontalis Blyth
Enicurus frontalis Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
16, p. 156 — Malayan peninsula; restricted to Malacca
by Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., 11, p. 233.
Malaya, Sumatra, Nias Island (race?), and Borneo in
the lowlands.

Enicurus leschenaulti chaseni de Schauensee
Enicurus leschenaulti chaseni de Schauensee, 1940, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 92, p. 388 — Tana Massa
Island, Batu Islands.
Tana Massa, Batu Islands, west Sumatra.

Enicurus leschenaulti leschenaulti (Vieillot)
Turdus Leschenaulti Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 20, p. 269 — Java.
Java and Bali.

88 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~.._Enicurus leschenaulti borneensis (Sharpe)
Henicurus borneensis Sharpe, 1889, Ibis, p. 277 — Kina-
balu.
Borneo from Mount Kinabalu south to Mahakam drainage
and Mount Liang Kubung, upper Kapuas; Mount Dulit.

ENICURUS MACULATUS

-— Enicurus maculatus maculatus Vigors
Enicurus maculatus Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 9— Himalaya; restricted to Simla by Baker,
1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 711.
Himalayas of West Pakistan and India from Chitral and
Kashmir east to hills of central Nepal.

—~ Enicurus maculatus guttatus Gould
Enicurus guttatus Gould, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 664 — Sikkim; restricted to Darjeeling by Baker,
1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 711.
Himalayas from extreme eastern Nepal east in India,
Sikkim, Bhutan, East Pakistan (?), southwest Sikang,
northern Yunnan, and Burma to the southern Shan States.

__. Enicurus maculatus bacatus Bangs and Phillips

Enicurus guttatus bacatus Bangs and Phillips, 1914, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 58, p. 292 — Loukouchai, southern
Yunnan.

Enicurus maculatus omissus Rothschild, 1921, Novit.
Zool., 28, p. 26 — Fokien.

Mountains of southeastern Yunnan, North Vietnam in

northeast Tonkin (Chapa), and northwest Fukien.

_..Enicurus maculatus robinsoni Baker
Enicurus maculatus robinsoni Baker, 1922, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 43, p. 19 — Langham [= Langbiang] peaks,
southern Annam.
Mountains of Da Lat district, South Vietnam.

GENUS COCHOA HopGSON

Cochoa Hodgson, 1836, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 5, p.
359. Type, by original designation, Cochoa purpurea
Hodgson.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 89

COCHOA PURPUREA
_—Cochoa purpurea Hodgson
Cochoa purpurea Hodgson, 1836, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 5, p. 359 — Nepal.
Indian Himalayas from Almora to Assam, Nepal, Burma,
Yunnan, northern Thailand, and North Vietnam in Tonkin.

COCHOA VIRIDIS

___— Cochoa viridis Hodgson
Co.(choa) Viridis Hodgson, 1836, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 5, pp. 359, 360 — Nepal.
Cochoa rothschildi Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds,
2, p. 186 — Sikkim.
Indian Himalayas from Kumaon to Assam, Nepal, north-
ern Burma, northern Thailand, Laos, North Vietnam in
Tonkin, South Vietnam in Annam, and Fukien.

COCHOA AZUREA

Cochoa azurea beccarii Salvadori

Cochoa beccari Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
14, p. 228 — Padang highlands, Sumatra.
West Sumatra in the Padang highlands and Korinchi.

—Cochoa azurea azurea (Temminck)

Turdus azureus Temminck, 1824, Pl. Col., livr. 46, pl.
274 — Java.
Highlands of central and western Java.

GENUS MYADESTES SWAINSON

Myadestes Swainson, 1838, Nat. Libr. Flycatchers, p. 132.
Type, by monotypy, Myidestes (sic) genibarbis Swain-
son. =

Cichlopsis Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1 (1850), p. 54.
Type, by monotypy, C. lewcogenys Cabanis.

MYADESTES TOWNSENDI

——Myadestes townsendi townsendi (Audubon)
Ptiliogony’s (sic) Townsendi Audubon, 1838, Birds
Amer. (folio), 4, pl. 419, fig. 2—- Columbia River [=

90 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

near Astoria, Oregon, vide Amer. Orn. Union, 1910,
Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 359].

Central and southeastern Alaska, Yukon, southwest Mac-
kenzie, southwest Alberta, and central British Columbia
south through the western mountains of the United States
from Oregon east to South Dakota and Nebraska, south to
northeastern Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Chihua-
hua; winters at lower altitudes east to Kansas and central
Texas, south to Baja California, Guadalupe Island, northeast
Sonora, and Coahuila.

——Myadestes townsendi calophonus Moore

Myadestes townsendi calophonus Moore, 1937, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 50, p. 201 — within 1,000 feet of sum-
mit of Mt. Mohinora, southwest Chihuahua, Mexico.

Southern Chihuahua and Durango; southeast Sonora, Jal-

isco, and Zacatecas (race?).

MYADESTES OBSCURUS

_— Myadestes obscurus obscurus Lafresnaye

Myadestes obscurus Lafresnaye, 1839, Rev. Zool., 2,
p. 98 — Mexico; probably Veracruz.

Mountains of eastern Mexico from southern Tamaulipas
to Nuevo Leon, western Veracruz, eastern Puebla, Hidalgo,
San Luis Potosi, eastern México, Distrito Federal, eastern
Guanajuato, and eastern Oaxaca.

Myadestes obscurus cinereus Nelson

Myadestes obscurus cinereus Nelson, 1899, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 13, p. 30 — mountains near Alamos, Son-
ora, Mexico.

Southeastern Sonora, Sinaloa, southern Chihuahua, and

Durango.

_~-~-Myadestes obscurus occidentalis Stejneger
Myadestes obscurus var. occidentalis Stejneger, 1882,
Proc. U.S. Nat: Mus., 4, pp: 371-372 — Tonila, Jalisco;
Western mountains from Nayarit, Jalisco, Michoacan,
Guerrero, western Oaxaca, western Guanajuato, western
México, and Morelos; intergrading with preceding forms in
north and east of the range.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 91

Myadestes obscurus insularis Stejneger
Myadestes obscurus var. insularis Stejneger, 1882, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 4, pp. 371; 373 — Tres Marias Islands.
Tres Marias Islands, off Nayarit, Mexico.

_. Myadestes obscurus oberholseri Dickey and van Rossem
Myadestes obscurus oberholseri Dickey and van Rossem,
1925, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 38, p. 183 — Volcan
de San Rafael, El Salvador.
Mountains of southern Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala,
and El Salvador.

MYADESTES ELISABETH

— Myadestes elisabeth elisabeth (Lembeye)
Muscicapa elisabeth Lembeye, 1850, Aves Isla Cuba, p.
39, pl. 5, fig. 8 — Cuba.
Mountains of western and eastern Cuba.

~ Myadestes elisabeth retrusus Bangs and Zappey
Myadestes elizabeth (sic) retrusus Bangs and Zappey,
1905, Amer. Nat., 39, p. 208 — Pasadita, Isle of Pines.
Isle of Pines, Cuba.

MYADESTES GENIBARBIS

——Myadestes genibarbis solitarius Baird
Myiadestes solitarius Baird, 1866, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1,
p. 421— Jamaica [viz. Port Royal Mountains, vide
Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser.,
leypt. (, pa4o4-
Jamaica.

_—Myadestes genibarbis montanus Cory “
Myiadestes montanus Cory, 1881, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club,
6, p. 130 — Haiti [= Massif de la Selle].
Hispaniola.

_—Myadestes genibarbis dominicanus Stejneger
Myadestes dominicanus Stejneger, 1882, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 5, p. 22, pl. 2, fig. 5 — Dominica, Lesser Antilles.
Dominica.

92 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—— Myadestes genibarbis genibarbis Swainson

Myidestes (sic) genibarbis Swainson, 1838, Nat. Libr.
Flycatchers, p. 134, pl. 18 — Africa or India [= Mar-

tinique, vide Sclater, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
270].

Martinique, Lesser Antilles.

-Myadestes genibarbis sanctaeluciae Stejneger

Myadestes sanctae-luciae Stejneger, 1882, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 5, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 4 — Santa Lucia.
St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles.

— Myadestes genibarbis sibilans Lawrence
Myiadestes sibilans Lawrence, 1878, Ann. New York

Acad. Sci., 1, p. 147 — St. Vincent.
St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.

MYADESTES RALLOIDES
— Myadestes ralloides melanops Salvin

Myiadestes melanops Salvin, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-

don, (1864), p. 580, pl. 36 — Tucurrique, Costa Rica.
Costa Rica and western Panama.

~Myadestes ralloides coloratus Nelson / ’-

Myadestes coloratus Nelson, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,

60, no. 8, p. 23 — Mount Pirri, near head of Rio Limon,
eastern Panama.

Eastern Panama.

-——~ Myadestes ralloides plumbeiceps Hellmayr

Myadestes ralloides plumbeiceps Hellmayr, 1921, Anz.
Orn. Ges. Bayern, no. 4, p. 27 — Siat6, Rio Siat6, near
Pueblo Rico, Choco, western Colombia.

Western and central Andes of Colombia and western
Ecuador.

Myadestes ralloides candelae de Schauensee

Myadestes ralloides candelae de Schauensee, 1947, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 99, p. 117 — La Candela,
Huila, Colombia.

Head of the Magdalena Valley, Colombia.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 93

— Myadestes ralloides venezuelensis Sclater
Myiadestes venezuelensis Sclater, 1856, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 2, 17, p. 468 — vicinity of Caracas, Vene-
zuela.
Eastern Andes of Colombia, northern Venezuela, eastern
Ecuador, and extreme northern Peru (Dept. Cajamarca).

Myadestes ralloides ralloides (d’Orbigny)

Muscipeta ralloides d’Orbigny, 1840, Voy. Amér. Mérid.,
A. pt. 3, Ois., p. 322 —- Chulumani, Prov. Yungas, east
side of the Cordillera, Bolivia.

Western Bolivia and subtropical zone of Peru, north to

Depts. Libertad (Utcubamba) and Huanuco (Chinchao).

MYADESTES UNICOLOR

~— Myadestes unicolor unicolor Sclater
Myiadestes unicolor Sclater, 1857, Proc. Zool. noe Lon-
don, p. 299 — Cordova, Veracruz, Mexico.
Southern Mexico in Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca,
and Chiapas.

Myadestes unicolor veraepacis Griscom
Myadestes unicolor veraepacis Griscom, 1930, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 438, p. 6 — Finca Sepacuite, fifty miles east
of Coban, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.
Highlands of Guatemala and northern Honduras.

— Myadestes unicolor pallens Miller and Griscom
Myadestes unicolor pallens Miller and Griscom, 1925,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1838, p. 5—San Rafael del
Norte, Nicaragua.
Nicaragua.
MYADESTES LEUCOGENYS

Myadestes leucogenys gularis (Salvin and Godman)
Cichlopsis gularis Salvin and Godman, 1882, Ibis, p. 76 —
Merumé Mountains, British Guiana.
British Guiana.

Myadestes leucogenys chubbi (Chapman)
Cichlopsis chubbi Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit., no
138, p. 15 — Mindo, Huila, western Ecuador.
Western Ecuador.

94 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Myadestes leucogenys peruvianus (Hellmayr)

Cichlopsis leucogenys peruvianus Hellmayr, 1930, Novit.
Zool., 35, p. 265 — Perené, Dept. Junin, Peru.
Tropical zone of central Peru.

Myadestes leucogenys leucogenys (Cabanis)

C.(ichlopsis) leucogenys Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1
(1850), p. 54 — Brazil.
Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil.

GENUS ENTOMODESTES STEJNEGER

Entomodestes Stejneger, 1883, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5
(1882), p. 456. Type, by monotypy, Entomodestes leu-
cotis (Tschudi).

ENTOMODESTES LEUCOTIS
-Entomedestes leucotis (Tschudi)

Ptilogonys leucotis Tschudi, 1844, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, p.
270 — Peru.
Subtropics of Peru, in Libertad, Junin, Cuzco, and Puno,
and in Bolivia, in La Paz and Cochabamba.

ENTOMODESTES CORACINUS
Entomodestes coracinus (Berlepsch)

Myiadestes coracinus Berlepsch, 1897, Orn. Monatsb.,
5, p. 175 —near San Pablo, Prov. Tiquerres, south-
western Colombia.

Western Colombia and western Ecuador.

GENUS STIZORHINA OBERHOLSER

Stizorhina Oberholser, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 51, p. 213. Type, by original designation, Mus-
cicapa fraseri Strickland.

STIZORHINA FRASERI
Stizorhina fraseri fraseri (Strickland)

Muscicapa Fraseri Strickland, 1844, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 101 — Fernando Po.
Fernando Po Island.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 95

Stizorhina fraseri rubicunda (Hartlaub)
C.(assinia) rubicunda Hartlaub, 1860, Rev. Zool. [Paris],
p. 82 — Gabon.

Southern Cameroons, vicinity of Mount Cameroon, Cam-
eroun, Gabon, Rio Muni (?), lower Congo, and Kasai, south
to northern and western Angola, south to the Cuanza River
and Gabela.

Stizorhina fraseri vulpina Reichenow
Stizorhina vulpina Reichenow, 1902, Journ. f. Orn., 50, p.
125 — Bundeko, Sembiki Valley.
Stizorhina vulpina intermedia Clarke, 1913, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 31, p. 107 — Entebbe.
Northern and eastern Congo, Ruanda, and western Ugan-
da in forested areas.

STIZORHINA FINSCHII

Stizorhina finschii (Sharpe)
Cassinia finschii Sharpe, 1870, Ibis, p. 53, pl. 2, fig. 2 —
Fantee.
Lowland forest from Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Togo, Dahomey, and Nigeria.

GENUS NEOCOSSYPHUS FISCHER AND REICHENOW

Neocossyphus Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Zeitschr. ges.
Orn., 1, p. 8301. Type, by original designation, Pseudo-
cossyphus rufus Fischer and Reichenow.

NEOCOSSYPHUS RUFUS

Neocossyphus rufus gabunensis Neumann
Neocossyphus rufus gabunensis Neumann, 1908, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 77 -— Ohumbe, Lake Onange,
Ogowe River.
Neocossyphus rufus arrhenii Lonnberg, 1917, Ark. f.
Zool., 10, no. 24, p. 30 — Beni, Semliki Valley.
Lowland forest from southern Cameroons, Cameroun,
Gabon, and northern Congo to Budonga forest, Uganda.

~Neocossyphus rufus rufus (Fischer and Reichenow)

Pseudocossyphus rufus Fischer and Reichenow, 1884,
Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 58 — Pangani.

96 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Tanganyika, Uluguru Mountains, north in Kenya in
coastal mountains and forests to the Tana River; Zanzibar.

NEOCOSSYPHUS POENSIS

——Neocossyphus poensis poensis (Strickland)

Cossypha poensis Strickland, 1844, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-

don, p. 100 — Clarence, Fernando Po.

Coastal forest of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Togo, Dahomey, Nigeria, Cameroons, Cameroun,
Gabon, Fernando Po, and perhaps Mayombe Forest of
Congo. :

Neocossyphus poensis pallidigularis Meise
Neocossyphus poensis pallidigularis Meise, 1958, Abh.
Verh. Naturwiss. Hamburg, no. 2 (1957), p. 74—
Canzele.
Northern Angola.

Neocossyphus poensis praepectoralis Jackson

Neocossyphus praepectoralis Jackson, 1906, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 16, p. 90 — Kibera, Toro.
Neocossyphus granti Alexander, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 23, p. 15 — Beritio, Lower Uelle River.
Forests of northern and eastern Congo east to western
Uganda.

GENUS CERCOMELA BONAPARTE

Cercomela Bonaparte, 1856, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 42, p. 766. Type, by original designation, Cer-
comela asthenia Bonaparte = Saxicola melanura Tem-
minck.

Pinarochroa Sundevall, 1872, Tentamen, p. 4. Type, by
original designation, Saxicola sordida Riippell.

Emarginata Shelley, 1896, Birds Africa, 1, p. 89. Type,
by original designation, #. sinuata = Luscinia sinuata
Sundevall.

Karrucincla Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p.
230. Type, by monotypy, Sazicola pollux Hartlaub.

Phoenicuroides Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p.
231. Type, by monotypy, “Tractrac’ ex Levaillant = Mo-
tacilla tractrac Wilkes.

FAMILY MUSCICAPIDAE oF

Psammocichla Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p.
231. Type, by monotypy, Saxicola albicans Wahlberg.

ef. Sclater, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 49, pp. 11-19
(African forms).

Macdonald, 1957, Contr. Orn. W. South Africa. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.), pp. 127-128 (schlegelit and pol-
Leese)

Clancey, 1962, Ostrich, 33 (4) :24-28 (South African
races of familiaris).

CERCOMELA SINUATA

—Cercomela sinuata sinuata (Sundevall) 4
Lusc.(inia) sinuata Sundevall, 1858, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad.,
Handl., 2 (3) (1857), p. 44 — Cape Town [= Saldanha
Bay, vide Gyldenstolpe, 1922, Ark. f. Zool., 19A, p. 55].
Cape Province of South Africa, from coastal areas north
of Saldanha Bay east to Humansdorp and Kei Road, in
winter rainfall areas.

Cercomela sinuata ensifera Clancey

Cercomela sinuata ensifera Clancey, 1958, Durban Mus.
Novit., 5, p. 102 — Rietfontein, 4,300 ft., Griquatown-
Niekerkshoop road, Asbestos Mountains, northern Cape
Province.

Little Namaqualand and the Calvinia district eastwards
through the Karroo to the eastern Cape, Griqualand West,
the Orange Free State, and southern Transvaal; intergrad-
ing with sinwata in the border areas of the range.

Cercomela sinuata hypernephela Clancey
Cercomela sinuata hypernephela Clancey, 1956, Durban
Mus. Novit., 4, p. 281— 40 miles east of Maseru on
new mountain road (lat. 29° 28’ S., long. 27° 55’ E.),
ca. 8,000 ft., Basutoland.
Highlands of Basutoland.

CERCOMELA FAMILIARIS

_— Cercomela familiaris falkensteini (Cabanis)

Saxicola Falkensteini Cabanis, 1875, Journ. f. Orn., 23,
p. 285 — Chinchoxo, Loango Coast.

98 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Saxicola sennaarensis Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus., 5, p. 391 — Sennaar ; emended to Yemen by Scla-
ter, 19380, Syst. Av. Aethiop., 2, p. 459; errore = Sen-
naar, vide Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds Arabia, p. 257.

Bessonornis (? Cossypha) gambagae Hartert, 1899, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 10, p. 5 -— near Gambaga, Gold Coast
hinterland.

Phoenicurus tessmanni Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn.,
69, p. 49 — Buera, Cameroons.

Cercomela familiaris genderuensis Bannerman, 1922,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 8 — Genderu, Cameroons
highlands.

Ghana, northern Nigeria, southern Cameroons, Lower

Congo and Loango Coast, northern Congo in Kivu, Ugan-
da, Kenya, southwestern Sudan, and northern Ethiopia.

— Cercomela familiaris angolensis Lynes

C.(ercomela) f.(amiliaris) angolensis Lynes, ‘1926, Ibis,
p. 393 — Huxe [= Uchi], Benguella.

Cercomela familiaris hoeschi Niethammer, 1955, Bonn.
Zool. Beitr., 6, p. 189 — Otju in the Hoarusib/Kaoko-
veld.

Angola from Malanje south to Kaokoveld and Ovambo-

land in northern South West Africa.

Cercomela familiaris galtoni (Strickland)
Erythropygia galtoni Strickland, 1852, in Jardine, Con-
trib. Orn., p. 147 — Damaraland.
Saxicola familiaris liibberti Reichenow, 1902, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 10, p. 77 — Windhoek.
Phoenicurus familiaris damarensis Roberts, 1931, Ann.
Transvaal Mus., 14, p. 242 — Windhoek.
Cercomela familiaris dodsoni Macdonald, 1953, Ibis, 95,
p. 72 — Deelfontein, eastern Cape Province.
Cercomela familiaris richardi Macdonald, 1958, Ibis, 95,
p. 73 — Springbok, Little Namaqualand.
South West Africa in Great Namaqualand and Damara-
land, northern Little Namaqualand, and northern Cape
Province to western districts of Bechuanaland.

~ Cercomela familiaris familiaris (Stephens)

Saxicola familiaris Stephens, 1826, Gen. Zool., 138, p. 241
— Southern Africa, ex Levaillant; restricted to Table

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 99

Mountain, southwestern Cape Province, by Macdonald,
1957, Contrib. Orn. W. South Africa, Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) ps 129:
Southern Cape Province north to northern Karroo and
Little Namaqualand, Basutoland, Natal, Zululand, Swazi-
land, and southern Mozambique.

——Cercomela familiaris hellmayri (Reichenow) ~ ~
Sazicola familiaris hellmayri Reichenow, 1902, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 10, p. 78 — south bank of Limpopo River, north
of Pietersburg, Transvaal.

Northern Orange Free State, Transvaal, eastern Bechua-
naland, and southern parts of Southern Rhodesia.

Cercomela familiaris modesta (Shelley)

Bessonornis modesta Shelley, 1897, Ibis, p. 539, pl. 12, fig.
1 — Karonga, northern Nyasaland.

Low country of Zambezi Valley, Southern Rhodesia, Ny-
asaland, northern Mozambique, Northern Rhodesia, and
northeastern Angola north to Katanga, Tanganyika, and
Uganda.

Cercomela familiaris omoensis (Neumann)

Sazxicola galtoni omoensis Neumann, 1904, Orn. Monatsb.,
12, p. 163 — Baka, Omo Territory, southern Ethiopia.

Boma Hills of southeast Sudan and southwest Ethiopia.

CERCOMELA TRACTRAC

Cercomela tractrac hoeschi (Niethammer)
Oenanthe tractrac hoeschi Niethammer, 1955, Bonn. Zool.
Beitr., 6, p. 188 — Koako-Namib, west of Orupembe.

South West Africa in the Kaokoveld and Namib, and the
coastal desert of southern Angola.

— Cercomela tractrac albicans (Wahlberg)
Saxicola albicans Wahlberg, 1855, Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad.
Forh., p. 218 — “In locis arenosis terrae Damararum”’
[= Walvis Bay].
South West Africa from Cape Cross to about Luderitz in
the coastal Namib.

100 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cercomela tractrac barlowi (Roberts)

Phoenicuroides tractrac barlowi Roberts, 1937, Ostrich,
8, p. 102 — Aus, South West Africa.
South West Africa in western Great Namaqualand.

Cercomela tractrac nebulosa Clancey

Cercomela tractrac nebulosa Clancey, 1962, Durban Mus.
Novit. 6, p. 186 — white coastal sand-dunes at Mc-
Dougall Bay, south of Port Nolloth, Little Namaqua-
land, northwestern Cape Province.

South West Africa on the white coastal sand-dunes of the
arid coast of Little Namaqualand, from some miles to the
south of Port Nolloth to the mouth of the lower Orange
River, and on the white coastal dunes of southwestern Great
Namaqualand.

)

~Cercomela tractrac tractrac (Wilkes)

Motacilla tractrac Wilkes, 1817, Encycl. Londinensis, 16,
p. 89 — Auteniquois country, ex Levaillant [probably
Orange River, vide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop.,
2, p. 456].

Saxicola layardi Sharpe, 1876, in Layard, Birds S. Afr.,
ed. 2, p. 286 — South Africa.

Little Namaqualand (except for range of nebulosa) and

eastern Great Namaqualand south to Olifants River and east
to Aliwal North.

CERCOMELA SCHLEGELII

Cercomela schlegelii benguellensis (Sclater)

Karrucincla schlegelii benguellensis Sclater, 1928, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 49, p. 14 — Huxe [= Uchi], Benguella.
Southern Angola.

~ Cercomela schlegelii schlegelii (Wahlberg)

Erithacus schlegeli Wahlberg, 1855, Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-
Akad. Forh., 12, p. 213 — Damaraland.
Namib coastal areas east to Erongo Mountains, Otjim-
binque, and Onanis, Damaraland, South West Africa.

Cercomela schlegelii namaquensis (Sclater)

Karrucincla schlegelii namaquensis Sclater, 1928, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 49, p. 15 — Great Namaqualand; re-
stricted to Bethanie, Great Namaqualand by Macdonald,

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 101

1957, Contr. Orn. South Africa. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.),
p. 128.
Little Namaqualand, South Africa and southern Great
Namaqualand, South West Africa.

Cercomela schlegelii kobosensis (Roberts)

Karrucincla schlegelii kobosensis Roberts, 1937, Ostrich,
8, p. 102— Kobos, Rehoboth District, South West
Africa.

Central Great Namaqualand, South West Africa.

——Cercomela schlegelii pollux (Hartlaub) ~ Tg"! an. AW [7
Saxicola pollux Hartlaub, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1865), p. 747 — Karroo [= Traka, Willowmore Dist.,
Cape Province, vide Sharpe, 1877, in Layard, Birds S.
Afr., ed. 2, p. 244].
Cape Province, Karroo areas from Little Namaqualand
east to Orange Free State and Griqualand West.

CERCOMELA FUSCA
_-Cercomela fusca (Blyth) <
Sazxicola fusca Blyth, 1851, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 20,
p. 523 — Muttra.
Cercomela fusca ruinarum Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 66 — Sanchi, Bhopal State.
West Pakistan in West Punjab, India from East Punjab
south to Delhi, Rajasthan, Kutch, northern Gujarat, and
central India east to western West Bengal.

CERCOMELA DUBIA

Cercomela dubia (Blundell and Lovat)

Myrmecocichla dubia Blundell and Lovat, 1899, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 10, p. 22 — Fontaly, Abyssinia.

Cercomela scotocerca enigma Neumann and Zedlitz, 1913,
Journ. f. Orn., 61, p. 368 — Dire Dawa, Harar Province,
Ethiopia.

Central Ethiopia east to Somalia.

CERCOMELA MELANURA

~Cercomela melanura melanura (Temminck)
Saxicola melanura Temminck, 1824, Pl. Col., livr. 48, pl.

102 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

257, fig. 2— Arabia [= Sinai Peninsula, vide Hartert,
1922, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, p. 2165].
From Dead Sea basin of Israel and Jordan through the
Egyptian Sinai Peninsula to Riyadh and Medina, Saudi
Arabia.

Cercomela melanura neumanni Ripley

C.(ercomela) m.(elanura) erlangeri Neumann and Zed-
litz, 1913, Journ. f. Orn., 61, p. 364 — Khareba, south-
ern Arabia.

Cercomela melanura neumanni Ripley, 1952, Postilla,
Yale Univ., no. 18, p. 31, new name for Cercomela
sordida erlangeri Neumann and Zedlitz, 1913, nec Pi-
narochroa sordida erlangeri Reichenow, 1905, in Cer-
comela.

Saudi Arabia in the Taif and Mecca areas, intergrading

north of these areas into the preceding form, south to Ye-
men and Aden and east into the Hadramaut.

Cercomela melanura lypura (Hemprich and Ehrenberg)
Sylvia lypura Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833, Symb.
Phys. Av., fol. ee — Abyssinia [= eastern Eritrea, vide
Neumann and Zedlitz, 1913, Journ. f. Orn., 61, p. 365].
Western coastal areas of the Red Sea from Gebel Elba in
Egypt south in the Sudan to Eritrea.

Cercomela melanura aussae Thesiger and Meynell
Cercomela melanura aussae Thesiger and Meynell, 1934,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club., 55, p. 79 — Aussa Danokil.
Danokil country of eastern Ethiopia and adajcent French
Somaliland.

Cercomela melanura airensis Hartert
Cercomela melanura airensis Hartert, 1921, Novit. Zool.,
28, p. 114— Mount Baguezan, Air [= Asben, French
West Africa].
Air Mountains of southern Sahara in upper Niger east to
Ennedi in Chad and Darfur in Sudan.

Cercomela melanura ultima Bates
Cercomela melanura ultima Bates, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 53, p. 175 — Niger, near Gao.
From the Niger River, Bourem, in the eastern Mali Fed-
eration east to southern Niger.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 103

CERCOMELA SCOTOCERCA

~~Cercomela scotocerca scotocerca (Heuglin)
Sazxicola scotocerca Heuglin, 1869, Orn. Nordost. Afr., 1,
p. 863 — near Keren, Bogosland.
Sudan in Red Sea coastal area south to Eritrea.

Cercomela scotocerca furensis Lynes
C.(ercomela) s.(cotocerca) furensis Lynes, 1926, Ibis,
p. 391 — Jebel Marra, 7,300 feet, central Darfur.
Darfur, western Sudan.

Cercomela scotocerca turkana van Someren
Cercomela turkana van Someren, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 40, p. 91 — Turkana country, west of Lake Ru-
dolf.
Southwest Ethiopia and northwest Kenya.

Cercomela scotocerca spectatrix Clarke
Cercomela spectatriz Clarke, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
40, p. 49 — 10 miles inland from Las Khorai in eastern
British Somaliland.
Somalia.

CERCOMELA SORDIDA

«= Cercomela sordida sordida (Riippell)

Saxicola sordida Riippell, 18837, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel, p.
75, pl. 26, fig. 2— Simen, Abyssinia.

Pinarochroa sordida erlangeri Reichenow, 1905, Orn.
Monatsb., 13, p. 25 — Gara-Mulata [, near Harrar].

Pinarochroa sordida schoana Neumann, 1905, Orn.
Monatsb., 13, p. 78 — Abuje, Gindeberet, Shoa.

Pinarochroa sordida djamdjamensis Neumann, 1905, Orn.
Monatsb., 13, p. 79 — Abera, Djamdjam.

Highlands of Ethiopia.

Cercomela sordida rudolfi (Madarasz)
Pinarochroa rudolfi Madarasz, 1912, Orn. Monatsb., 20,
p. 175 — Mount Elgon.
Mount Elgon, Kenya.

—Cercomela sordida ernesti (Sharpe)
Pinarochroa ernesti Sharpe, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
10, p. 836 — Mount Kenya.

104 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Mount Kenya, Aberdare range and Kinangop Mountains,
Kenya.

Cercomela sordida olimotiensis (Elliott)

Pinarochroa sordida olimotiensis Elliott, 1945, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 66, p. 19 — Olimoti Mountain, 9,000 feet,
north of Ngorongoro, northeastern Tanganyika.

Highlands of northern Tanganyika between long. 35° E.

and long. 86° E., north of Lakes Eyasi and Manyara.

__—Cercomela sordida hypospodia (Shelley)

Pinarochroa hypospodia Shelley, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 226, pl. 18 — Mount Kilimanjaro.
Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanganyika.

GENUS SAXICOLA BECHSTEIN

Saxicola Bechstein, 1803, Orn. Taschenb., (1802), p. 216.
Type, by subsequent designation (Swainson, 1827, Zool.
Journ., 3, p. 172), Motacilla rubicola Linnaeus.

Pratincola Koch, 1816, Syst. baier. Zool., 1, p. 190. Type,
by original designation, Motacilla rubicola Linnaeus,
nec Pratincola Forster, 1795.

Rhodophila Jerdon, 1863, Birds India, 2, p. 128. Type, by
monotypy, Rhodophila melanoleuca Jerdon = Oreicola
jerdoni Blyth.

cf. Stegmann, 1935, Doklady Akad. Nauk. S.S.R., n.s.,
3, pp. 45-48 (torquata).
Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1731, pp. 24-27
(rubetra; ferrea).

SAXICOLA RUBETRA
___— Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus)

Motacilla Rubetra Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1,
p. 186 — Europa [= Sweden].

Pratincola rubetra spatzi Erlanger, 1900, Journ. f. Orn.,
48, p. 101 — Gafsa Oasis, Tunisia.

Pratincola rubetra noskae Tschudi, 1902, Orn. Jahrb., p.
234 — Labathal, northern Caucasus.

Pratincola rubetra margaretae Johansen, 19038, Orn.
Jahrb., p. 232 — Tomsk, western Siberia.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 105

Sazicola rubetra incerta Trischitta, 1939, Arti grafiche
“Solunto” Bagheria, p. 1 — Sardinia and Sicily.

Saxicola rubetra hesperophila Clancey, 1949, Limosa, 22,
p. 370 — Newton Mearns, East Renfrewshire, south-
western Scotland.

Breeds in Scandinavia, Finland, Russia to lat. 68° N.,
east in Siberia to about Krasnoyarsk, Yenisei River, and
south in Great Britain, northern Ireland and France to
northern Spain and Portugal, North Africa in Morocco (?)
and Algeria (?), Corsica, northern Italy, Yugoslavia, Al-
bania, and northern Greece east across Urals to the Altai
and south to Kirghizstan, Caucasus, and northern Iran.
Migrates south through Mediterranean region, Near East,
Iraq, Iran, and Arabia to Africa; winters south to western
Equatorial Africa, Cameroons, Congo, Tanganyika, and
Nyasaland.

SAXICOLA MACRORHYNCHA

Saxicola macrorhyncha (Stoliczka)

Pratincola macrorhyncha Stoliczka, 1872, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 41, p. 238 — near Rapur, Wagur District
and near Bhuj, Kutch.

Southern Afghanistan; West Pakistan and India in north-

ern Baluchistan, Sind, West and East Punjab, south to
Ambala, the Salt Range, and Rajasthan.

SAXICOLA INSIGNIS

—— Saxicola insignis Gray ~

Saxicola insignis Gray, 1846, Cat. Mamm. Birds Nepal
Thibet, pp. 71, 158 — Nepal.

Breeds in Russia in the mountains of Kazakhstan, Altai,
and in Tannu-Tuva and Outer Mongolia, western Khangai;
migrates through western China in Tsinghai, northern Si-
kang, and Tibet; winters in Nepal, in India from East Pun-
jab to Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, in Sikkim,
and in Bhutan.

SAXICOLA DACOTIAE

_—Saxicola dacotiae dacotiae (Meade-Waldo)

Pratincola dacotiae Meade-Waldo, 1889, Ibis, p. 504, pl.
15 — Fuerteventura, Mauritanice Dacos.
Fuerteventura Island, Canary Islands.

106 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Saxicola dacotiae murielae Bannerman

Saxicola dacotiae murielae Bannerman, 1913, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 33, p. 837 — Allegranza.

Montana Clara and Allegranza Islands, Canary Islands.

SAXICOLA TORQUATA
Saxicola torquata hibernans (Hartert)

Pratincola torquata hibernans Hartert, 1910, Journ. f.
Orn., 58, p. 173 — Tring, England.
Saxicola torquata theresae Meinertzhagen, 1934, Ibis, p.
56 — Grogarry, South Uist, Outer Hebrides.
Breeds in the British Isles including Ireland, Orkneys,
and Shetlands (rare); western Brittany and coastal Por-
tugal; vagrant to Faeroes and southern Spain.

Saxicola torquata rubicola (Linnaeus)

(Motacilla) Rubicola Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12,
p. 332 — Europae [= France]; restricted to Seine In-
férieure by Meinertzhagen, 1940, Ibis, p. 215.

Pratincola torquata insularis Parrot, 1910, Orn. Monatsb.,
18, p. 155 — Corsica.

Sazicola torquata desfontainesi Blanchet, 1925, Rev.
Franc. Orn., 9, p. 277 — Oued Bezirk (Cap Bon) and
Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.

Saxicola torquata graecorum Laubmann, 1927, Verh. Orn.
Ges. Bayern, 17, p. 351 — Corfu.

Sazicola torquata amaliae Buturlin, 1929, Syst. Notes
Birds North. Caucasus, p. 16 — near Vladikavkaz.

Saxicola torquata gabrielae Neumann and Paludan, 1937,
Orn. Monatsb., 45, p. 15 — Olymp (us), south of Brussa
[= Bursa], Turkey.

Sazxicola torquata archimedes Clancey, 1949, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 69, p. 84 — near Syracuse, Sicily.

Breeds in western Europe from southern Denmark east
to southern Poland and southern Russia, Crimea, and
Ukraine southward (except in range of hibernans) to
Mediterranean and islands, except Malta and Cyprus (7),
northwest Africa and east in Turkey and the Near East
into Transcaucasia; winters in southern range to northern
Libya, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Arabia, Iraq, and Ethiopia.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 107

Saxicola torquata variegata (Gmelin)
Parus Variegatus S. G. Gmelin, 1774, Reise Russl., 3, p.
105, pl. 20, fig. 8 — Shemakha.

Breeds from eastern Caucasus to northern Caspian; win-
ters south in Transcaucasia to Near East, Israel, Egypt,
Eritrea, Sudan, Somaliland, Ethiopia, southwest Arabia,
and Iraq.

Saxicola torquata armenica Stegmann
Saxicola torquata armenica Stegmann, 1935, Doklady
Akad. Nauk. S.S.R., n.s:, 3, p. 47 — Adshafana, Kur-
distan.
Sazxicola torquata excubitor Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 18 — Dorud, Luristan, Iran.
Breeds from Armenia to Iran south to northern Iraq and
Syria (?); winters from the southern part of range through
Egypt, Sudan, northern Ethiopia, and Arabia to Yemen
and Aden.

Saxicola torquata maura (Pallas)

Muscicapa maura Pallas, 1773, Reise versch. Russ. Reichs,
2, p. 428 — Karassum [, Ishim River, western Siberia].
Breeds in eastern Russia and Siberia east of the Urals
north to the Ob and Yenisei and to Irkutsk south from
western Siberia to the Altai, Sinkiang mountains, north-
western Mongolia, Pamirs, northern Afghanistan, southern
Transcaspia, northeastern Iran; winters in southern breed-
ing range, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, West Pakistan, and
northern India south to Bombay.

\

Saxicola torquata indica (Blyth)

Pr.(atincola) indica Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 16, p. 129 — India; restricted to Kashmir by Baker,
1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 709.

Breeds in the Himalayas from Gilgit and Kashmir east

to Nepal, Sikkim, and Assam; winters southward in central
India to Hyderabad and Mysore; Andaman Islands (?).

~~ Saxicola torquata przewalskii (Pleske)

Pratincola maura var. Przewalskii Pleske, 1889, Wiss.
Result. Przewalski Reise, Zool., 2, Vogel, p. 46, pl. 4,
figs. 1, 2, 3— mountains of Kansu and eastern Turke-
stan.

108 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pratincola torquata yunnanensis La Touche, 1923, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 184 —Shuitang and Mengtsz,
southeastern Yunnan.

Breeds in China from Tsinghai and Kansu to Shensi south
in Tibet, Sikang, Yunnan, and Hopeh, Kweichow, northern
Vietnam, and northern Burma (?); winters in the Hima-
layas in Nepal, Sikkim, and Assam and on the adjacent
Indian plains east to the north Burma foothills.

~—Saxicola torquata stejnegeri (Parrot)

Pr.(atincola) rubicola stejnegeri Parrot, 1908, Verh.
Orn. Ges. Bayern, 8 (1907), p. 124 — Iterup (Etorofu)
and Jesso (Hakodate), northern Japan.

Saxicola torquata kleinschmidti Meise, 1934, Abh. Ber.
Mus. Dresden, 18, p. 44 — Kwanhsien, Szechwan.

Saxicola torquata delacouri David-Beaulieu, 1944, Oiseaux
Tranninh, Publ. Ecole Supérieure Sciences, Univ. In-
dochinoise, A., p. 106 — Xieng Khoung.

Breeds in eastern Siberia from the Yenisei, Lake Baikal,
and east of Khangai to the Kolyma Delta, south in Man-
churia, Korea, Sakhalin, Kuriles, Hokkaido, central and
northern Honshu, and Izu Islands; migrates to southern
parts of breeding range and to southeastern China, eastern
Assam, Burma, Thailand, northern Vietnam, Laos, Taiwan,
and Riu Kiu Islands; Malaya (uncommon).

Saxicola torquata felix Bates
Saxicola torquata felix Bates, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
57, p. 20 — Menacha [= Manakha], Yemen.
In the mountains from southwestern Arabia south
through Yemen.

- Saxicola torquata albofasciata Riippell -

Saxzicola albofasciata Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers. Vog.
Nord-ost.-Afr., p. 39 — Simen Province, Abyssinia.
Highlands of Ethiopia; southeast Sudan (breeding ?).

Saxicola torquata jebelmarrae Lynes

Saxicola torquata jebelmarrae Lynes, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 41, p. 17 — Jebel Marra, Darfur.
Jebel Marra, Darfur, western Sudan.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 109

Saxicola torquata moptana Bates
Saxicola torquata moptana Bates, 1932, Bull. Brit. Orn.

Club, 53, p. 8 — Mopti, French Sudan.
Upper Niger River at Mopti, Mali Republic.

__Saxicola torquata nebularum Bates

Saxicola torquata nebularum Bates, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn.

Club, 51, p. 51—near Birwa Peak, Kono District,
Sierra Leone.

Mountains of Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast.

Saxicola torquata adamauae Grote
Saxicola torquata adamauae Grote, 1922, Journ. f. Orn.,
70, p. 486 — Genderu Mountains.
Mountains of northern and western Cameroons.

~

~—Saxicola torquata pallidigula (Reichenow) ie
Pratincola pallidigula Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn.,
40, p. 194 — Kamerun.

Cameroon Mountain and Fernando Po Island (subspe-
cies ?).

—- Saxicola torquata axillaris (Shelley)
Pratincola axillaris Shelley, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 556 — Kilimanjaro.
Pratincola emmae Hartlaub, 1890, Journ. f. Orn., 38, p.
152 — Ruganda [, Ankole, Uganda].

Eastern Congo, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanganyika, except
in the range of the following subspecies.

~—~Saxicola torquata promiscua Hartert

Sazicola torquata promiscua Hartert, 1922, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 42, p. 51 — Uluguru Mountains.

Tanganyika from Inpapwa to Kilosa and Uluguru Moun-
tains.

—Saxicola torquata salax (J. and E. Verreaux)
Pratincola salax J. and E. Verreaux, 1851, Rev. Mag.
=. Zool. [Parisit3 (2), p. 07 —Gabon.
Grasslands of middle Cameroun, Gabon south to mouth
of Congo River, adjacent northern Angola in Congo Dis-
trict and Cuanza Norte, Congo in lower Kasai, Bateke Pla-

110 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

teau, and Bolobo, intergrading with the next form south of
this area; vagrant to Victoria Falls and Grassland, Felix-
burg, Southern Rhodesia.

~ Saxicola torquata stonei Bowen

Saxicola torquata stonet Bowen, 19382, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, 83 (1981), p. 8— Villa General
Machado, Angola.

Interior Angola from about the Cuanza River, southeast
Congo in Katanga and Marungu, Northern Rhodesia, Ny-
asaland, Mount Kungwe, western Tanganyika, northern
Mozambique, south in Southern Rhodesia, except extreme
east border, Caprivi Strip, northeast South West Africa,
northern. and eastern Bechuanaland, including Ngamiland,
to western and northern Transvaal, northern and eastern
Karoo regions of the Cape Province, and western Orange
Free State; vagrant in lowlands of Basutoland; nonbreeding
visitor to southern Mozambique, Swaziland, and Pondoland.

Saxicola torquata clanceyi Latimer

Saxicola torquata clanceyi Latimer, 1961 (March), in
Clancey, Durban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 90 — Wallekraal,
western Little Namaqualand, northwestern Cape Prov-
ince, South Africa.

Saxicola torquata clanceyi Courtenay-Latimer, 1961
(Oct.), Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 81, p. 116 — Wallekraal,
western Little Namaqualand, northwestern Cape Prov-
ince.

Coastal district of Little Namaqualand, northwest Cape

Province from Alexander Bay to Strandfontein and Lam-
berts Bay; vagrant to Muizenberg.

~~ Saxicola torquata torquata (Linnaeus)

(Motacilla) torquata Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12,
1, p. 828 — Cape of Good Hope.

Pratincola caffra Keyserling and Blasius, 1840, Die Wir-
belt. Europas, p. 59 — Uitenhage, eastern Cape Prov-
ince.

Pratincola robusta Tristram, 1870, Ibis, p. 497 — “My-
sore” [= Natal, vide Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds Arabia,
p. 260].

Pratincola torquata orientalis Sclater, 1911, Ibis, p. 409
— Umfolozi Station, Zululand.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 111

Southwestern Cape Province, coastal districts of southern
and eastern Cape northeast to Natal and Zululand, western
Swaziland, eastern Orange Free State, and highveld of
Transvaal.

Saxicola torquata oreobates Clancey

Saxicola torquata oreobates Clancey, 1956, Durban Mus.
Novit., 4, p. 281 — 40 miles east of Maseru on new
mountain road, ca. 8,000 ft., Basutoland.

Highlands of Basutoland and adjacent highlands of ex-
treme eastern Cape Province, Natal and Orange Free State;
high elevations in the eastern highlands of Southern Rho-
desia, Melsetter and Inyanga; nonbreeding wanderer to
Natal, Zululand, Swaziland, eastern Transval, and southern
Mozambique.

—Saxicola torquata sibilla (Linnaeus)

Motacilla Sibilla Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p.
337 — Madagascar.

Sazicola torquata ankaratrae Salomonsen, 1934, Novit.
Zool., 39, p. 210 — Manjakatompo, Ankaratra Moun-
tains, central Madagascar.

Saxicola torquata Tsaratananae Milon, 1951, Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 22, p. 706— “Mont Tsara-
tanana,” northern Madagascar.

Madagascar.

Saxicola torquata voeltzkowi Grote

Saxicola torquata voeltzkowi Grote, 1926, Orn. Monatsb.,
34, p. 146— La Convalescence, 1,800 m., Grand Co-
moro.

Grand Comoro Island, above 500 meters.

Saxicola torquata tectes (Gmelin)

(Muscicapa) tectes Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), 940 —
in insula Bourbon, ex Brisson, 1760, Ornith., 2, p. 360.

Sazicola borbonensis W. L. Sclater, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 49, p. 14, new name for Pratincola borbonica
Sharpe, 1879, nee Motacilla borbonica Gmelin, 1789,
and M. borbonica Bory de St. Vincent, 1804 — Bourbon.

Réunion Island.

112 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

SAXICOLA LEUCURA

__Saxicola leucura (Blyth) / %) °~ y

Pratincola leucura Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
16, p. 474 — upper Sind.
West Pakistan in Sind and West Punjab; India in the
Himalayan terai from Garhwal and Kumaon, through Ne-
pal, to Assam and Manipur; recorded from Orissa in winter.

SAXICOLA CAPRATA

-Saxicola caprata rossorum (Hartert)

Pratincola caprata rossorum Hartert, 1910, Journ. f. Orn.,
58, p. 180 — Merv, in Transcaspia.

Breeds in Transcaspia north to Syr Daria, eastern Iran,
Afghanistan, intergrading with the following form in north-
ern Baluchistan and the Mekran, and in northern Kashmir;
winters in southern Iran, Iraq (straggler), southern Balu-
chistan, and adjacent plains of northern West Pakistan.

-Saxicola caprata bicolor Sykes
Saxicola bicolor Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
92 — Dukhun.
Saxicola caprata rupchandi Koelz, 19389, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 65 — Londa, Bombay Presidency.
Breeds in West Pakistan and India where it intergrades
with rossorum in Baluchistan and Kashmir; North West
Frontier Province, Sind, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh south
to Delhi, east to Nepal and northern Bengal; winters south
in Rajasthan and Kutch to Bombay, Hyderabad and north-
ern Mysore (uncommon).

- Saxicola caprata burmanica Baker

Saxicola caprata burmanica Baker, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 43, p. 19 — Pegu.

Breeds south of the preceding subspecies from Gujarat
east to Bengal, Assam, and East Pakistan south to Hydera-
bad, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Madras, Goa, and Mysore
(where it grades into the next form in western Mysore),
and in Burma (except Tenasserim), western Yunnan (win-
ter), northern Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 1138

Saxicola caprata nilgiriensis Whistler
Saxicola caprata nilgiriensis Whistler, 1940, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 60, p. 90 — Ootacamund, Madras.
Western Madras and Kerala in the Nilgiri, Palni, and
Travancore ranges.

_ Saxicola caprata atrata (Kelaart) é
Pratincola atrata Kelaart, 1851, in Blyth, Journ. Asiat.

Soc. Bengal, 20, p. 177 — Newera Elia, Ceylon.
Ceylon hills.

Saxicola caprata caprata (Linnaeus)
Motacilla Caprata Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1,
p. 335 — Luzon.
Northern Philippines on Luzon, Mindoro, and Cebu; Bor-
neo (one old record, subsp. ?).

Saxicola caprata randi Parkes
Saxicola caprata randi Parkes, 1960, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 73, p. 59 — Bondo, Siaton, Negros, Phil-
ippine Islands.
Negros, Cebu, Bohol, and Siguijor Islands, Philippines.

Saxicola caprata anderseni Salomonsen
Saxicola caprata anderseni Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk.
Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 260 — Del
Monte, Bukidnon Province, central Mindanao.
Central Mindanao, Philippines.

_-Saxicola caprata fruticola Horsfield
Saxicola fruticola Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don, 13, p. 157 — Java.
Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Lomblen, and Alor
Islands, Indonesia.

Saxicola caprata pyrrhonota (Vieillot)

Oenanthe pyrrhonota Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist.
Nat., nouv. éd., 21, p. 428 — New Holland [errore = Ti-
mor].

Savu, Timor, Kisser, and Wetar Islands, Indonesia.

Saxicola caprata francki Rensch
Saxicola caprata francki Rensch, 1931, Treubia, 13, p.
380 — Laora.
Sumba Island, Indonesia.

114 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Saxicola caprata albonotata (Stresemann)
Pratincola caprata albonotata Stresemann, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 19, p. 321 — Indrulaman, Celebes.
Celebes (Sulawesi), Buton, and Saleyer Islands, Indo-
nesia.

Saxicola caprata cognata Mayr
Saxicola caprata cognata Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 83, p. 156 — Tepa, Babar Island.
Babar Isiands, Indonesia.

Saxicola caprata aethiops (Sclater)
Poecilodryas aethiops Sclater, 1880, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 66, pl. 7, fig. 1 — Kabakadai, New Britain.
Northern New Guinea lowlands from Humboldt Bay and
Sentani Lake to the Huon Peninsula; New Britain Island.

Saxicola caprata belensis Rand

Saxicola caprata belensis Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1072, p. 4— Balim River, 1,600 m., Snow Moun-
tains, Netherland New Guinea.

Central Mountains of New Guinea from Wissel Lakes

through the Nassau, Orange, and Snow Mountains.

Saxicola caprata wahgiensis Mayr and Gilliard
Saxicola caprata wahgiensis Mayr and Gilliard, 1951,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1524, p. 8— Mafulu, Central
Division, Papua, New Guinea.
Central mountains of Papua from Nondug]l and the Wahgi
Valley, Giluwe, east to Huon Peninsula and southeastern
mountains.

SAXICOLA JERDONI

Saxicola jerdoni (Blyth)
Oreicola jerdoni Blyth, 1867, Ibis, p. 14, new name for
Rhodophila melanoleuca Jerdon, 1863, Birds India, 2,
p. 128 — Purneah, nec Oenanthe melanoleuca = Saxi-
cola gutturalis Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 21, p. 435.
Eastern India, East Pakistan, Burma, Yunnan (one rec-
cord), northeastern Laos, and northern Vietnam.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 115

SAXICOLA FERREA

Saxicola ferrea Gray
Saxicola ferrea Gray, 1846, Cat. Mamm. Birds Nepal,
Thibet, pp. 71, 153 — Nepal.
Oreicola ferrea haringtoni Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna,
1, p. 711 — Lien-kiang, near Fu-tschau [Foochow],
China.

Breeds from the Afghan-West Pakistan border in North
West Frontier Province east to Kashmir and along the
Himalayas of India, Nepal, and southeast Tibet to Sikang,
Yunnan, western Szechwan, northern Burma, northern Laos
and Vietnam, and hills of southern China to the Yangtze;
winters from southern parts of breeding range south to the
adjacent plains of West Pakistan, India, East Pakistan,
central Burma, northern Thailand, and southern Laos and
Vietnam; Formosa (accidental).

SAXICOLA GUTTURALIS

Saxicola gutturalis gutturalis (Vieillot)
Oenanthe gutturalis Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
21, p. 421 — New Holland [errore = Timor].
Timor Island.

Saxicola gutturalis luctuosa (Bonaparte)
S.(axicola) luctuosa Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1
(1850), p. 8304 — Semau.

Semau Island, west of Timor.

GENUS MYRMECOCICHLA CABANIS

Myrmecocichla Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 8. Type, by
subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Birds
Brit. Mus., p. 35), Oenanthe formicivora Vieillot.

Pentholaea Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 40. Type, by
subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Birds
Brit. Mus., p. 36), Saxicola frontalis Swainson.

Sciocincla Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 232.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Saxicola
arnotti Tristram.

116 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

MYRMECOCICHLA THOLLONI

Myrmecocichla tholloni (Oustalet)

Saxicola Tholloni Oustalet, 1886, Naturaliste, p. 300 —
Lékéti, on the Alima River, French Congo.

Oenanthe chaboti Menegaux and Berlioz, 1923, Mission
Rohan-Chabot Angola Rhodesia, Hist. Nat., Oiseaux,
4, p. 139, pl. 4— Lwasinga River, Kubango District,
Angola.

Myrmecocichla lynesi Bannerman, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 47, p. 147 — Huambo, Benguella Province, An-
gola.

Interior Gabon and south in Angola highlands to Lwa-

singwa River, near lat. 15° S.

MYRMECOCICHLA AETHIOPS

~ Myrmecocichla aethiops aethiops Cabanis

Myrmecocichla aethiops Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p.
8 — Senegal.

Myrmecocichla buchanani Rothschild, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 41, p. 33 — Takoukout, Damergou, French
Sudan.

Senegal, Mali, and Niger south to northern Nigeria (So-

koto and Plateau Provinces) and northern Cameroons and
northeast to Chad (Mongonu).

Myrmecocichla aethiops sudanensis Lynes
Myrmecocichla aethiops sudanensis Lynes, 1920, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 18 — El Fasher, Darfur.
Darfur and Kordofan (uncommon), Sudan.

~ Myrmecocichla aethiops cryptoleuca Sharpe
Myrmecocichla cryptoleuca Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 445 —
Kikuyu.
Kenya from Mount Elgon and Suk country south to Na-
kuru and Kikuyu, and the highlands of northern Tangan-
yika.

MYRMECOCICHLA FORMICIVORA

~Myrmecocichla formicivora (Vieillot)

Oenanthe formicivora Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist.
Nat., nouv. éd., 21, p. 421 — Pays des Cafres = Sunday’s

io

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 117

River, eastern Cape Province, ex Levaillant, 1805, Oi-
seaux Afrique, 4, pls. 186, 187.
Myrmecocichla formicivora minor Roberts, 1932, Ann.
Transvaal Mus., 15, p. 30 — Gemsbok Pan.
Myrmecocichla formicivora orestes Clancey, 1961, Dur-
ban Mus. Novit., 6, p. 85 — Wakkerstrom, ca. 6,500 ft.,
southeastern Transvaal-Natal boundary.

South West Africa from Ovamboland to Great Nama-
qualand, south in Cape Province and east in Bechuanaland
to extreme Southern Rhodesia (Wankie, once), across the
Karroo and the highveld of Orange Free State to Trans-
vaal, Basutoland, western Swaziland, and the high interior
of Natal.

MYRMECOCICHLA NIGRA

Myrmecocichla nigra (Vieillot)

Oenanthe nigra Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 21, p. 431 — west coast of Africa [= Malymbe,
i.e. Malimba, Portuguese Congo, vide Sclater, 1930,
Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 466].

Myrmecocichla Levaillanti Reichenow, 1882, in Hartlaub,
Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, 8, p. 188 — Langomeri.

Myrmecocichla stoehri Sclater, 1941, in Roberts, Ostrich,
11, p. 116 — Lavusi (Lavunsi), Serenje, near Mpika,
Northern Rhodesia; vide Sclater, 1906, Jour. S. African
Orn. Un., 11, pp. 98-9.

Northern Nigeria, Cameroons highlands south to Portu-
guese Congo, Kasai, and northern Angola across the Congo
in highlands to Uganda, Sudan (Equatoria), southwestern
Kenya, and western Tanganyika, and south in Katanga to
Northern Rhodesia.

MYRMECOCICHLA ARNOTTI

Myrmecocichla arnotti leucolaema Fischer and Reichenow

Myrmecocichla leucolaema Fischer and Reichenow, 1880,
Orn. Centralbl., p. 181 — Nguru Mountains [reference
not verified].

Myrmecocichla nigra var. collaris Reichenow, 1882, Jour.
f. Orn., 30, p. 212; 1905, Voge. Afr., 3, p. 707 — Kakoma,
vide Neunzig, 1926, Jour. f. Orn., 74, p. 754.

Southeastern Congo, Marungu, and Katanga north to

118 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ruanda and east to Tanganyika and the region north of
Lake Nyasa.

Myrmecocichla arnotti harterti Neunzig
Myrmecocichla arnotti harterti Neunzig, 1926, Journ. f.
Orn., 74, p. 754 — Malange.
Kwango District of the Congo south in western Angola to
the southern edge of the Benguella Plateau.

Myrmecocichla arnotti arnotti (Tristram)

Sazicola arnotti Tristram, 1869, Ibis, p. 206, “<A 6 —
Adam Kok’s New Land [= Victoria Falls, northwestern
Southern Rhodesia, vide Mackworth-Praed and Grant,
1942 Tbisspso2l |.

Saxicola shelleyi Sharpe, 1877, in Layard, Birds South
Africa, ed. 2, pp. 246; 819 — Victoria Falls.

Northern and Southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland west to
Bechuanaland and adjacent areas of South West Africa in
Ovamboland and Ngamiland, and southern Angola, east to
northeastern Transvaal.

MYRMECOCICHLA ALBIFRONS

Myrmecocichla albifrons albifrons (Riippell) -
Saxicola albifrons Riippell, 1837, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel,
p. 78 — Takeragiro, Temben [= Tembien], Abyssinia.
Northern Ethiopia, including Eritrea.

~ Myrmecocichla albifrons pachyrhyncha (Neumann)

Pentholaea albifrons pachyrhyncha Neumann, 1906 (Jan-
uary), Orn. Monatsb., 14, p. 8 — Uba, west slope, Omo
District, southwestern Abyssinia.

Pentholaea macmillani Sharpe, 1906 (July), Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 16, p. 126 — Winke Goffa, southern Abys-
sinia.

Southwestern Ethiopia.

Myrmecocichla albifrons clericalis (Hartlaub)

Pentholaea clericalis Hartlaub, 1882, Orn. Centralbl., 7,
p. 91—no locality; Langomeri (lat. 3° 31’ N., long.
31° 05’). and Wandi (lat. 4°35’ N., long. 30~ 277) eited
by Hartlaub, 1882, Journ. f. Orn., 30, p. 321.

Southern Sudan west of the Nile, northern Uganda and

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE she)

northeastern Congo, upper Uelle River, and Ubangi-Shari
Province.

Myrmecocichla albifrons frontalis (Swainson)
Saxicola frontalis Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Africa, 2,
p. 46 — West Africa.
Pentholaea albifrons reichenowi Grote, 1921, Orn. Mo-

natsb., 29, p. 93 — Satschie [= Sagdshe], near Garua,
northern Cameroons.

From Senegal (winter?) east in all of West Africa to
Nigeria and northeast to Chad.

Myrmecocichla albifrons limbata (Reichenow)
Pentholaea limbata Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn., 69,
p. 49 — Bosum [= Bozum], Ubangi-Shari.
Northern and eastern Cameroun, intergrading with cleri-
calis in the Ubangi-Shari region, Central African Republic.

MYRMECOCICHLA MELAENA
~~ Myrmecocichla melaena (Riippell)

Saxicola melaena Riippell, 1837, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel,
p. 77, pl. 28— Alegua Mountain, Agame Province,
Abyssinia.

‘Highlands of Ethiopia from Senafe to Shoa.

GENUS THAMNOLAEA CABANIS

Thamnolaea Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 8. Type, by
subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Birds
Brit. Mus., p. 36), Turdus cinnamomeiventris Lafres-
naye.

THAMNOLAEA CINNAMOMEIVENTRIS
Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris albiscapulata (Riippell)

Saxicola albiscapulata Riippell, 1837, Neue Wirbelt.,
Vogel, p. 74, pl. 26, fig. 1 — Abyssinia.

Eastern and central Ethiopia, including Eritrea, west

to Sudan on the upper Blue Nile in the vicinity of Fazughli.

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris cavernicola Bates

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris cavernicola Bates, 1933,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 53, p. 176 — Fiko, 30 miles east
of Mopti, French Sudan.

120 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Known only from cliffs at Fiko, 300 miles northeast of
Kulikoro on the upper Niger, Mali Republic.

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris bambarae Bates

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris bambarae Bates, 1928,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 49, p. 32— Kulikoro, French
Sudan.

Known only from Kulikoro, near Barnako, Mali Republic.

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris subrufipennis Reichenow

Thamnolaea subrufipennis Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn.,
35, p. 78—road near Ussure, Magala Steppe [Usu-
kuma], Schasche [Koudoa Irangi District, Tangan-
yika].

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris usambarae Neumann,
1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 11— Nilalo, Usambara,
Tanganyika.

Extreme southeast Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia, Ugan-
da, eastern and northeastern Congo, Kenya, and Tangan-
yika, and locally south to Victoria Falls area of Northern
Rhodesia downstream along the Rhodesian borders to
northwest Mozambique and Nyasaland.

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris odica Clancey

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris odica Clancey, 1962, Occ.
Papers Nat. Mus. S. Rhodesia, no. 26b, p. 743 — In-
yanga, eastern Southern Rhodesia.

Eastern Bechuanaland Protectorate (Kanye) and ad-
jacent western and northern Transvaal northeast through
Southern Rhodesia to the plateau country and adjacent high-
lands of Mozambique (?); also Mount Gorongoza, Mozam-
bique.

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris cinnamomeiventris (Lafres-
naye)

Turdus cinnamomeiventris Lafresnaye, 1836, Rev. Zool.
[Paris], pls. 55, 56— Cape of Good Hope [=Cape
Province, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 463].

Eastern Cape Province, Natal, except the coastal areas,

Transvaal high-veld (grading into odica in the northern
and western Transvaal), Orange Free State, Basutoland,
and western Swaziland.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE ala

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris autochthones Clancey
Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris autochthones Clancey,
1952, Ann. Natal Mus., 12, p. 252— Bank of Ingwa-
vuma River, Lebombo Foothills, northeastern Zululand.
Coastal Natal inland to about Weinen in the middle Tu-
gela River drainage, Zululand, eastern Swaziland, and
southern Mozambique in the Lebombo Range.

THAMNOLAEA CORONATA

Thamnolaea coronata coronata Reichenow
Thamnolaea coronata Reichenow, 1902, Orn. Monatsb.,
10, p. 157 — Tapong [Togoland].
Togo east through Nigeria and northern Cameroons;
Jebel Marra, western Sudan.

Thamnolaea coronata kordofanensis Wettstein
Thamnolaea coronata kordofanensis Wettstein, 1916, Anz.
Akad. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss., 53, p. 185 — Gebel Ri-
hal, Nuba Mountains [reference not verified].
Jebel Rihal, Nuba highlands, Kordofan, central Sudan.

THAMNOLAEA SEMIRUFA

_—— Thamnolaea semirufa (Riippell)
Saxicola semirufa Riippell, 1837, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel, p.
74, pl. 25— Zana [= Lake Tsana, fide Sclater, 1930,
Syst. Av. Aethiop, p. 464].
Highlands of Ethiopia from Eritrea south to Lake Tsana,
the Sidamo country, and to Yavello.

GENUS OENANTHE VIEILLOT

Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 48. Type, by mo-
notypy, “Motteux” Buffon = Turdus leucurus Gmelin.
Campicola Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 171. Type,
by original designation, “Le Traquet Imitateur” Levail-
lant, 1805, Oiseaux Afrique, 4, pl. 181 = Motacilla pilea-
ta Gmelin.

Campicoloides Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p.
229. Type, by monotypy, Sazxicola bifasciata Temminck.

cf. Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds Arabia, pp. 235-255.

122 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

OENANTHE BIFASCIATA

Oenanthe bifasciata (Temminck) ~ 2
Saxicola bifasciata Temminck, 1829, Pl. Col., livr. 79, pl.
472, fig. 2 — Caffrerie [= eastern Cape Province].
Eastern Cape Province from Grahamstown to Graaff
Reinet north to Drakensberg, northern Natal, and southern
and eastern Transvaal.

OENANTHE ISABELLINA

- Oenanthe isabellina (Temminck)

Sazicola isabellina Temminck, 1829, Pl. Col., livr. 79, pl.
472, fig. 1 — Nubia.

Oenanthe isabellina kargasi Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 66 — Kargasi Pass, northeastern
Afghanistan.

Oe(nanthe) i(sabellina) sibirica Portenko, 1954, Keys
Fauna U.S.S.R., no. 54, Birds, 3, p. 162 — Kacha River,
near Krasnoyarsk, fields of Minusinsk, central Siberia.

Russia from the lower Volga east and north from Uralsk
to Kirghizstan, southern Siberia to Omsk, Altai, and Minu-
sinsk, south of Lake Baikal in Transbaicalia, Manchuria (?),
south in Caucasus, Thrace, Island of Kos, Rhodes (?), Tur-
key, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, northern Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Af-
ghanistan, West Pakistan east to Tibet (?), China in Sinki-
ang, Mongolia, Kansu, and Tsinghai; winters south through
central Asia to West Pakistan and north-central India,
southwest to southern Iran, Iraq, Arabia, and Cyprus and
in Africa from eastern Libya and Egypt south to Sudan,
Ethiopia, Somali Republic, Socotra, Mali (Taberréschat),
Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, northeastern Congo (Ishwa
Plain), Zanzibar, Northern Rhodesia (once), and Pemba;
British Isles, Japan (vagrant).

OENANTHE BOTTAE

Oenanthe bottae bottae (Bonaparte)

Campicola bottae Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad.
Sci. Paris, 38, p. 7 — no locality; Yemen designated by
Sclater, 19380, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 455.

Yemen highlands.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 1238

— Oenanthe bottae frenata (Heuglin)
Sawxicola frenata Heuglin, 1869, Journ. f. Orn., 17, p. 158
— Mensa, Abyssinian highlands.
Ethiopia highlands.

Oenanthe bottae heuglini (Finsch and Hartlaub)

Saxicola Heuglinit Finsch and Hartlaub, 1870, Vog. Ost.-
Afr., p. 259 — “Gondar” [errore; Sudan suggested by
Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 455].

Sudan.

Oenanthe bottae campicolina (Reichenow)
Saxicola canvpicolina Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18,
p. 175 — Garua and Sagdsche, Adamawa, Cameroons.
Mali, Niger, Chad, northern Nigeria including North
Cameroon, east to northern Cameroon and Central African
Republic (Ubangi-Shari).

OENANTHE XANTHOPRYMNA / o-

—Oenanthe xanthoprymna xanthoprymna (Hemprich and

Ehrenberg)

Saxicola xanthoprymna Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833,
Symb. Phys. Av., fol. dd — Nubia.

Saxicola cummingi Whitaker, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
10, p. 17 — Fao, Persian Gulf.

Saxicola hawkeri Ogilvie-Grant, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 21,-p. 94 — Berber, Sudan.

Southwest Iran; on migration in Iraq and Arabia; win-

ters in Sinai and coastal Egypt and Sudan.

— Oenanthe xanthoprymna chrysopygia (De Filippi)
Dromolaea chrysopygia De Filippi, 1863, Arch. Zool. Anat.
Fisiol. Genova, 2, p. 381 — Demavend, north-central
Iran.
Eastern Turkey, Erivan, Iran (except southwest), and
Russia in southern Transcaspia; migrating into the Zagros
and Persian Gulf areas, Arabia, and Iraq.

Oenanthe xanthoprymna kingi (Hume)
Saxicola kingi Hume, 1871, Ibis, p. 29 — Jodhpur.
Breeds in Afghanistan, Pamirs (?), and Baluchistan
(Amran Kwajah); winters in West Pakistan and western
India south to Gujarat.

124 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

OENANTHE OENANTHE

_—— Oenanthe oenanthe leucorhoa (Gmelin)

Motacilla leucorhoa Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p.
966 — Senegal River.

Oenanthe oenanthe schidleri, Salomonsen, 1927, Ibis, p.
203 — Hajnarfjord, Iceland.

Breeds from Ellesmere Island, Baffin Island, and northern
Greenland to Iceland, Jan Mayen, and the Faeroes south to
northern Quebec and Labrador; winters in west Africa in
Senegal, Gambia, and Sierra Leone. On migration in British
Isles and coastal western Europe east to eastern Germany,
Switzerland, and Italy and south in northwest Africa, the
Balearic, Azores, Madeira, Canaries, and Cape Verde Is-
lands, and in North America casually from southeast Cana-
da south to New York, Louisiana, Cuba, and Bermuda.

— QOenanthe oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus)

Motacilla oenanthe Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1,
p. 186 —in Europae apricis lapidosis [=Sweden, fide
Hartert, 1910, Voge. pal. Fauna, p. 679].

Saxicola rostrata Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832, Symb.
Phys. Av., fol. aa. — upper Egypt [= Beni Suef, fide
Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1951, Ibis, p. 234]. :

Saxicola libanotica Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833, Symb.
Phys. Av., fol. bb. — all Syria [= Lebanon, fide Mack-
worth-Praed and Grant, 1951, Ibis, 93, p. 235].

Saxicola oenanthe argentea Lonnberg, 1909, Ark. f. Zool.,
5 (9), p. 22 — Kjachta [, Transbaicalia].

Oenanthe oenanthe integer Clancey, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 392
— boulder-strewn moorlands of North Knapdale, Ar-
gyllshire, southwest Scotland.

Breeds from the British Isles across northern Europe to
Lapland, Siberia, and northern islands south to the Balearic
Islands, central Spain, the Mediterranean, Turkey, Syria,
Lebanon, Transcaucasia, Iraq (?), Iran, and northern Af-
ghanistan and east to Sinkiang, Mongolia, Manchuria, across
to Alaska and northwestern Mackenzie; winters in Africa
in Nigeria and Cameroun, Congo, Northern and Southern
Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Tanganyika, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan,
and southern Arabia; casual in West Pakistan and south
China; vagrant to Sarawak (Borneo), Philippines, Pribilof
Islands, and Colorado.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 125

Oenanthe oenanthe nivea (Weigold)

Saxicola oenanthe nivea Weigold, 19138, Orn. Monatsb., 21,
p. 123 — Capileira, Sierra Nevada, southern Spain.
Southern Spain and Balearic Islands (resident ?).

_—Oenanthe oenanthe virago Meinertzhagen

Oenanthe oenanthe virago Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 20 — Mount Ida, Crete.
Eastern and south Aegean islands, including Limnos,
Mytilene, Crete, Carpathos and Rhodes; winters south to
Lebanon, Israel, and Egypt.

_—Oenanthe oenanthe seebohmi (Dixon) / °

Saxicola seebohmi Dixon, 1882, Ibis, p. 563, * 14 —
Djebel Mahmel, Algeria.
Morocco and Algeria east to Tunisia (?).

_— Oenanthe oenanthe phillipsi (Shelley)
Sazicola phillipsi Shelley, 1885, Ibis, p. 404, pl. 12 —
mountains near Berbera.
Somali Republic.

OENANTHE DESERTI

_— Oenanthe deserti homochroa (Tristram) J 07 0, 4

Saxicola homochroa Tristram, 1859, Ibis, p. 59 — in Saha-
ra Tunitana [= Souf, near Algeria-Tunisia border, vide
Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 347].

North Africa from the Spanish Sahara east to western

Egypt, grading into the following subspecies west of the
Nile; south in winter to Air; vagrant on Canary Islands and
in Great Britain.

— Oenanthe deserti deserti (Temminck)

Sazicola deserti Temminck, 1825, Pl. Col., livr. 60, pl. 359,
fig. 2 — Egypt.

S(azxicola) atrogularis Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 16, p. 131 — Upper Provinces, Scinde, etc. [= Agra,
vide Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2,
ps OL:

Sazxicola salina Eversmann, 1850, Bull. Soc. Natur. Mos-
cow, 23, p. 567, pl. 8, fig. 2 — Kirghiz steppes.

126 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds in Egypt east of the Nile, Israel, northwest Arabia,
southern Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, West Pakistan
(northern Baluchistan), Transcaspia, and Kirghizstan
north and east through Altai to Dzungaria and Mongolia
to Khangai and the Gobi; winters in West Pakistan and
India and west to southern Iran, Iraq, Arabia, Lebanon,
Socotra Island, Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, and Chad; va-
grant to Scotland.

— Oenanthe deserti oreophila (Oberholser)

Saxicola oreophila Oberholser, 1900, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
22, p. 221 — Ladakh; new name for Sazicola montana
Gould, 1865, Birds Asia, 4, pl. 30 — Tibet, nec Sazxicola
montana Koch, 1816.

Breeds in Kashmir, Baltistan, Ladakh, and Tibet north
to Pamirs, Sinkiang, Inner Monoglia, Kansu, and Tsinghai;
winters in West Pakistan in Baluchistan (Mekran), Iran,
Arabia, and Socotra Island; vagrant to Kurile Islands.

OENANTHE HISPANICA

———Oenanthe hispanica hispanica (Linnaeus)
Motacilla hispanica Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p.
186 — Hispania [= Gibraltar, vide Hartert, 1910, Voge.
pal. Fauna, 1, p. 685].

Breeds in Spain (except northwest), Portugal, southeast-
ern France, Italy (except in south), Sicily (?), northwest-
ern Yugoslavia, and North Africa from Morocco to Tripoli;
winters in west Africa from Senegal and Gambia to Mali.

—Oenanthe hispanica melanoleuca (Giildenstadt)

Muscicapa melanoleuca Gildenstaidt, 1775, Nov. Comm.
Acad. Sci. Petrop., 19, p. 468 — Tiflis, Georgia, Cauca-
sus.

Breeds in southern Italy, Sicily (?), Yugoslavia (except
northwest), Rumania, Bulgaria, Greece, Crete, Turkey,
Lebanon, and Syria south to Israel, Transcaucasia, and
Iran; winters in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Chad, and Niger;
in migration in Iraq, Arabia, Near East, and Algeria (0c-
casional); recorded from Cyprus, Malta, and Sardinia.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 27

OENANTHE FINSCHII

___ Oenanthe finschii finschii (Heuglin)
Sazxicola Finschii Heuglin, 1869, Orn. Nordost. Afr., 1,
p. 850 — Siberia [= Syria, vide Meinertzhagen, 1930,
in Nicoll, Birds Egypt, 1, p. 273].
Turkey, south to Israel and northern Arabia, east to Cau-
casus and northwest Iran, the Caspian, and southern Iran;
winters in Cyprus and eastern Egypt.

—— Oenanthe finschii barnesi (Oates) / f°

Saxicola barnesi Oates, 1890, Fauna British India, Birds,
2, p. 75 — Baluchistan and Afghanistan eastwards to
Persia; restricted to Kandahar by Baker, 1924, Fauna
Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, p. 47.

Northeast Iran, east in Transcaspia and Kirghizstan to
the Syr-Darya, and northern Afghanistan; winters in south-
east Iran, southern Afghanistan, and West Pakistan in Ba-
luchistan.

OENANTHE PICATA
~~ Oenanthe picata (Blyth)

Sazicola picata Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16,
p. 181 — Sind to Ferozepore; hereby restricted to Sind.

Saxicola opistholeuca Strickland, 1849, in Jardine, Con-
trib. Orn., p. 60 — northern India [= Punjab, vide Bak-
er, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, p. 44].

Saxicola capistrata Gould, 1865, Birds Asia, 4, pl. 28 —
upper Provinces of Hindostan [= Sind, vide Baker,
1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, p. 43].

Iran east through Transcaspia, Afghanistan, and Kir-
ghizstan north to Syr-Darya, south in Pamirs to West Pakis-
tan — Afghanistan border, Gilgit, and Kashmir; winters
from southern Iran to West Pakistan and India south to
northern Gujarat.

OENANTHE LUGENS
__Oenanthe lugens halophila (Tristram)
Saxzicola halophila Tristram, 1859, Ibis, p. 59 — Algerian
Sahara.
Northern Sahara from eastern Morocco to northern Libya
and Egypt (rarely; winter).

128 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

_-— Oenanthe lugens lugens (Lichtenstein)
Saxicola lugens Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 33 —
Nubia [= Deram, vide Stresemann, 1954, Abh. Deut-
schen Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss., Berlin, 1, p. 174].
Egypt east of the Nile north to Israel and Syria, Jordan,
and northern Iraq; Iran (?); wandering west across the
Nile.

——Oenanthe lugens persica (Seebohm)
Saxicola persica Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 5,
p. 372 — Shiraz, Persia.
Oenanthe lugens sarudnyi Harms, 1926, Journ. f. Orn.,
74, p. 40 — Sarhad District, Persian Baluchistan.
Southern Iran, wandering to Iraq (?), Israel, Egypt, and
northern Sudan.

Oenanthe lugens lugentoides (Seebohm)

Saxicola lugentoides Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
5, p. 871 — Sennaar, northeast Africa [errore = Yemen,
vide Sclater, 1980, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 445].

Southwestern Arabia, Yemen, and Aden.

Oenanthe lugens boscaweni Bates
Oenanthe lugubris boscaweni Bates, 1937, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 58, p. 32 — Tarim, Wadi Hadhramaut.
Hadhramaut, southern Arabia.

Oenanthe lugens vauriei Meinertzhagen
Oenanthe lugens vauriei Meinertzhagen, 1949, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 69, p. 107 — Erigavo, British Somaliland.
Northeastern Somalia.

——~ Oenanthe lugens lugubris (Riippell) | v
Saxzicola lugubris Riippell, 18837, Neue Wirbelt., Végel, p.
77, pl. 28, fig. 1 — Simen, Abyssinia.
Highlands of central and northern Ethiopia.
Oenanthe lugens schalowi (Fischer and Reichenow)
Saxicola Schalowi Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Jour. f.
Orn., 32, p. 57 — Lake Naivasha.
Highlands of southern Kenya and northeastern Tangan-
yika.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 129

OENANTHE MONACHA
——Oenanthe monacha (Temminck) ~~ ©

Saxicola monacha Temminck, 1825, Pl. Col., livr. 60, pl.
359, fig. 1 — Nubia [= Luxor, vide Stresemann, 1954,
Abh. Deutschen Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss., Berlin,
Lope di:

Egypt east of the Nile, Arabia, eastern Iran, southern Af-

ghanistan, and West Pakistan south to Sind; wanders to
northern and coastal Sudan.

OENANTHE ALBONIGER
~Oenanthe alboniger (Hume)

Sazxicola Alboniger Hume, 1872, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 2
— stony hills which divide Kelat from Sindh ... and
Mekran Coast.

Southern Iran, Afghanistan, and West Pakistan north-

east to Gilgit and Kashmir; wanders to Iraq and Oman.

OENANTHE PLESCHANKA
— Oenanthe pleschanka pleschanka (Lepechin)

Motacilla pleschanka Lepechin, 1770, Nov. Comm. Acad.
Sci. Petrop., 14, p. 503, pl. 14, fig. 2— Saratov, lower
Volga.

Motacilla leucomela Pallas, 1771, Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci.
Petrop., 14, p. 584, pl. 22, fig. 3 — Samara, Russia.

Saxicola vittata Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833, Symb.
Phys. Av., fol. ee — Moileh, northern Arabia.

Saxicola somalica Sharpe, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 486 — Doda, western Somaliland.

Rumania and southern Rusia from Crimea to about lat.
53° N. in the Urals east to Transcaspia, Altai, and Kirghiz-
stan south in Caucasus, Iran, Transcaspia to Afghanistan,
Pamirs, West Pakistan and India to Ladakh, Sinkiang,
Outer Mongolia, northern Tsinghai, Kansu, Inner Mongolia,
Shansi, and Hopen; migrates from Turkey south to Egypt,
Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, northern Tanganyika, and Arabia.

- Oenanthe pleschanka cypriaca (Homeyer)
Saxicola cypriaca Homeyer, 1884, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1,
p. 397 — Cyprus.

Cyprus; migrates through Israel, Egypt, and the Red Sea
coasts; winters in Sudan, Ethiopia, and Kenya.

130 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

OENANTHE LEUCOPYGA

-Oenanthe leucopyga leucopyga (Brehm)

Vitiflora leucopyga Brehm, 1855, Der vollstandige Vogel-
fang, p. 225 — Egypt and southern Europe [= Kurusku,
Upper Egypt (Nubia), vide Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal.
Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 353].

Oenanthe leucopyga aegra Hartert, 1918, Novit. Zool., 20,
p. 55 — Gara Klima, southern Algeria.

North Africa from Morocco east to Egypt and Red Sea
coast, south in the desert to northern Mali, Niger, Chad,
Sudan, and eastern Ethiopia, including Eritrea and French
Somaliland.

Oenanthe leucopyga ernesti Meinertzhagen
Oenanthe leucopyga ernesti Meinertzhagen, 1930, in Ni-
coll, Birds Egypt, p. 280 — Wadi Feiran, Sinai Penin-
sula.
Eastern Egypt in Sinai north to Dead Sea, Arabia, Iraq,
and southwestern Iran (one record).

OENANTHE LEUCURA

— Oenanthe leucura leucura (Gmelin)
(Turdus) leucurus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 820
— Gibraltar.
Portugal and Spain east along the Mediterranean coast of
France to Italy (Ponente), Sardinia, and Sicily.

~~Oenanthe leucura syenitica (Heuglin)
Saxicola syenitica Heuglin, 1869, Journ. f. Orn., 17, p.
155 — El Kab, Egypt.
Saxicola leucurus riggenbachi Hartert, 1909, Falco, (3),
p. 86 — Rio de Oro.
Northwest coastal Africa from Rio de Oro to Morocco,
Tunisia, and Saharan Algeria; Egypt (one record).

OENANTHE MONTICOLA

Oenanthe monticola albipileata (Bocage)

Dromolaea albipileata Barboza du Bocage, 1867, Jorn.
Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 1, p. 151 —— Dombe, near
Benguella, Angola.

Benguella Province, Angola.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE od

Oenanthe monticola nigricauda Traylor
Oenanthe monticola nigricauda Traylor, 1961, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 81, p. 48 — Mount Moco, Huambo, Angola.
Mount Moco, Huambo, Angola.

= Oenanthe monticola monticola Vieillot
Oenanthe monticola Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist.
Nat., nouv. éd., 21, p. 484 — Namaqualand.
Saxicola atmorii Tristram, 1869, Ibis, p. 206 — Damara-
land.
Southwest and central Cape Province, South Africa, to
Little Namaqualand and Griqualand West, north in South
West Africa to the Kaokoveld and Namib Desert.

Oenanthe monticela griseiceps (Blandford and Dresser)
Sazxicola griseiceps Blandford and Dresser, 1874, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 233, pl. 37, fig. 3 — Colesberg,
northern Cape Province.
Eastern Karroo north to Natal in Drakensberg, Trans-
vaal and southern Bechuanaland.

OENANTHE MOESTA

Oenanthe moesta moesta (Lichtenstein) ~

Saxicola moesta Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 33 —
Egypt [= between Bir Hamam and Gassr Eschtaebi,
vide Stresemann, 1954, Abh. Deutschen Akad. Wiss.,
Naturwiss., Berlin, 1, p. 173].

Oenanthe moesta theresae Meinertzhagen, 1939, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 66 — Tiznit, southwestern Mor-
occo.

Northwest Africa from southwestern Morocco east across

Algeria and Libya to coastal western Egypt.

Oenanthe moesta brooksbanki Meinertzhagen
Oenanthe moesta brooksbanki Meinertzhagen, 1923, Bull.
Brit.-Orn: Club, 43, p; 147 —near El did; lat. 33° N.;
long. 40° E., northern Arabian Desert.
Eastern Egypt (Sinai), Jordan, Syrian desert, and Arabia
to western Iraq.

1382 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

OENANTHE PILEATA

~~ Oenanthe pileata (Gmelin)

(Motacilla) pileata Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 965
— Cape of Good Hope.

Campicola livingstonit Tristram, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 888 — Murchison Falls, Zambezi River.

Oenanthe pileata neseri Macdonald, 1952, Ostrich, 23, p.
161— Erongo Mountains, Omaruru District, South
West Africa.

Southeast Congo, Angola east to Kenya, and Zanzibar;
visits Rhodesias in dry season; breeds in Southern Rhodesia
(August-September) ; Nyasaland (one record) ; South West
Africa; and South Africa in Cape Province, Orange Free
State, Bechuanaland Protectorate, Transvaal, and northern
Natal.

GENUS CHAIMARRORNIS HopGson

Chaimarrornis Hodgson, 1844, in Gray, Zool. Misc., p. 82.
Type, by monotypy, Phoenicura leucocephala Vigors.

cf. Goodwin, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 77, p. 112.

CHAIMARRORNIS LEUCOCEPHALUS

Chaimarrornis leucocephalus (Vigors)

Phoenicura leucocephala Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soe.
London, p. 35 — Himalaya; restricted to Simla-Almora
district by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.

Tadzhikstan and Pamirs, northeast Afghanistan, West

Pakistan and India from Safed Kohs east through Kashmir
and Ladakh, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and Assam hills east in
southeast Tibet, China from Yunnan and Sikang to Kansu,
Tsinghai, Koko Nor, and southeast to Chekiang and Anhwei;
migrates to Baluchistan, northern West Pakistan and In-
dian foothills, Burma, northern Thailand, Tonkin, and
Yangtze River lowlands.

GENUS SAXICOLOIDES LESSON

Saxicoloides Lesson, 1832, in Bélanger, Voy. Ind.-Orient.,
Zool., (4), p. 270. Type, by monotypy, Turdus (Saxicol-
oides) erythrurus Lesson.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 133

SAXICOLOIDES FULICATA

___~ Saxicoloides fulicata cambaiensis (Latham)

Sylvia cambaiensis Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 2, p. 554
— Gujarat, India.

Saxicoloides fulicata munda Van Tyne and Koelz, 1936,
Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 334, p. 5 —
Bhadwar, Kangra District, Punjab, British India.

Sawicoloides fulicata lucknowensis Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 52, p. 66 — Lucknow, United Prov-
ince.

West Pakistan and India in Sind, Punjab, Kutch, Saurash-
tra, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh south to northern Gu-
jarat, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the border of Bihar;
Nepal lowlands.

Saxicoloides fulicata erythrura (Lesson)

Turdus (Sazxicoloides) erythrurus Lesson, 1832, in Bél-
anger, Voy. Ind.-Orient., Zool., (4), p. 270 — Bengal.

Sazicoloides fulicata stuartbakeri Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 52, p. 67 — Bodhgaya, Bihar.

Plains of Bihar and West Bengal.

— Saxicoloides fulicata intermedia Whistler and Kinnear

Saxicoloides fulicata intermedia Whistler and Kinnear,
1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 73 — Ra-
huri, Ahmednagar.

Central India from eastern Bombay to Madhya Pradesh,

Hyderabad, Orissa, and Andhra south to the Krishna River.

_— Saxicoloides fulicata fulicata (Linnaeus)

(Motacilla) fulicata Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p.
336, ex Brisson, 1760, ‘“‘Le Traquet des Philippines’ —
Philippines [= Pondichéry, vide Stresemann, 1952, Ibis,
94, pp..o10, 520].

Oenanthe ptgymatura Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist.
Nat., nouv. éd.,-21, p. 436, ex Levaillant, 1805, “(Le Tra-

quet a queue striée’’ — le Bengale [= Pondichéry, vide
Whistler, 1935, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, p.
286].

Th.(amnobia) rufiventer Swainson, 1832, in Swainson
and Richardson, Fauna. Bor.-Amer., Zool., p. 489, ex
Levaillant, 1805, “‘Le Traquet 4 queue striée’”’ — le Ben-

134 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

gale; restricted to Pondichéry by Ripley, 1952, Postilla,
Yale Univ., no. 13, p. 35.

India in Bombay, Goa, Madras, Andhra (north to the
Krishna River), Mysore, and Kerala.

Saxicoloides fulicata leucoptera (Lesson)

M.(icropus) leucopterus Lesson, 1840, Rev. Zool. [Paris],

p. 186 — Indes Orientales [= Ceylon, fide Baker, 1930,
Fauna Brit. India, Birds; ed. 2,7, p: 112).
Lowlands of Ceylon.

GENUS PSEUDOCOSSYPHUS SHARPE

Pseudocossyphus Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7,
p. 21. Type, by monotypy, Cossypha sharpet Gray.

cf. Goodwin, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 76, pp. 143-144
(Pseudocossyphus relationship).

PSEUDOCOSSYPHUS IMERINUS
Pseudocossyphus imerinus erythronotus (Lavauden)

Cossypha sharpei erythronota Lavauden, 1929, Alauda, 1,
p. 232 — Ambre Mountain, Madagascar.
Ambre Mountain, Madagascar.

Pseudocossyphus imerinus sharpei (Gray)

Cossypha Sharpei Gray, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4,
8, p. 429 — Madagascar [= forests east of Ambaton-
drazaka (Lake Alaotra), fide Grandidier, 1879, Hist.
phys. nat. pol. Madagascar, Ois., 1, p. 370].

East-central Madagascar.

Pseudocossyphus imerinus interioris (Salomonsen)

Monticola imerina interioris Salomonsen, 1934, Novit.

Zool., 39, p. 211 — Manjakatompo, Ankaratra Moun-
tains.

Central Madagascar mountains at Manjakatompo, and
southern highlands (Betsileo).
~~~ Pseudocossyphus imerinus imerinus (Hartlaub)

C.(ossypha) imerina Hartlaub, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8,

p. 97 —St. Augustine Bay, southeastern Madagascar.
Southeastern Madagascar.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 135

GENUS MONTICOLA BOoIE

Monticola Boie, 1822, Isis, col. 552. Type, by subsequent
designation (G. R. Gray, 1847, Gen. Birds, 1, p. 220),
Turdus saxatilis Linnaeus.

Petrophila Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 232. Type,
by monotypy, Petrocincla cinclorhyncha Vigors.

Petronis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 228.
Type, by monotypy, M.(onticola) rupestris (Vieillot).

Colonocincla Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 228.
Type, by original designation, M.(onticola) brevipes
“Strickland and Sclater’ = (Waterhouse).

Notiocichla Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 228.
Type, by monotypy, M.(onticola) explorator (Vieillot).

MONTICOLA RUPESTRIS

__-Monticola rupestris (Vieillot)

Turdus rupestris Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 20, p. 281 — near Cape Town [= Table Moun-
tain, fide Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 449].

South Africa in Cape Province, eastern Orange Free

State, Basutoland, and Natal; Transvaal, local north to
Zoutpansberg.

MONTICOLA EXPLORATOR

_— Monticola explorator explorator (Vieillot)

Turdus explorator Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., p. 260— mountains of the Cape of Good
Hope.

South Africa in southern and southwestern Cape Prov-

ince, and eastern and northern Transvaal; lowlands of
Natal.

Monticola explorator tenebriformis Clancey
Monticola explorator tenebriformis Clancey, 1952, Dur-
ban Mus. Novit., 4, p. 13 — near Ingwavuma, Lebombo
Mountains, northeastern Zululand.
Basutoland; winters in Natal, Zululand, Swaziland, and
southern Mozambique.

136 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

MONTICOLA BREVIPES

~ Monticola brevipes brevipes (Waterhouse)

Petrocincla brevipes Waterhouse, 1938, in Alexander,
Exped. Int. Africa, 2, p. 263 — ‘Tans Mountain, Dama-
raland, near Walvis Bay.

Monticola pretoriae Gunning and Roberts, 1911, Ann.
Transvaal Mus., 3, p. 118 — near Pretoria.

Monticola brevipes kaokoensis Macdonald, 1957, Contr.
Orn. W. South Africa. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. 122
— Kamanjab, 4,000 ft., lat. 19° 34’S., long. 14° 48’ E.

Angola (Huxe, one record), South West Africa, northern

Cape Province, and Little Namaqualand.

\ Monticola brevipes leucocapilla (Lafresnaye)

Petrocinela (sic) leucocapilla Lafresnaye, 1852, Rev. Mag.
Zool. [Paris], p. 470 —no locality [= “Afr. Mer. Bet-
zonanas”; vide Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
70, p. 3e0].

Southern Bechuanaland, western Transvaal, Swaziland

(Stegi, one record), and Orange Free State.

MONTICOLA RUFOCINEREUS

Monticola rufocinereus rufocinereus (Riippell)

Sazicola rufocinerea Riippell, 1837, Neue Wirbelt., Vog-
el, p. 76, pl. 27—Simen Province, northern Abys-
sinia.

Petrophila rufocinerea tenuis Friedmann, 1930, Occ. Pa-
pers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 325 — Uraguess,
Kenya Colony.

Ethiopia, including Eritrea, Somalia, mountains of south-
east Sudan (possibly not resident), eastern Uganda, western
Kenya, and northeastern Tanganyika (Longido).

Monticola rufocinereus sclateri Hartert
Monticola rufocinerea sclateri Hartert, 1917, Novit. Zool.,
24, p. 459 — Wasil, 4,000 ft., Yemen.
Western Arabia from Asir Tihana south in the mountains
of Yemen to northern Aden.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 3%

MONTICOLA ANGOLENSIS

__Monticola angolensis Sousa
Monticola angolensis Sousa, 1888, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys.
Nat. Lisboa, 12, pp. 225, 233 — Caconda, Benguella,
Angola.
Monticola angolensis niassae Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr.,
3, p. 699 — Nyasaland.

Southern and eastern Congo, Ruanda, Tanganyika, south
in Angola in north and Benguella highlands, Southern Rho-
desia in eastern districts (Matabeleland, rare), eastern and
northwestern Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and Mozam-
bique in Quelimane District.

MONTICOLA SAXATILIS

——Monticola saxatilis (Linnaeus)

[Turdus] saxatilis Linnaeus 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p.
294 — Switzerland.

Monticola saxatilis turkestanicus Zarudny, 1918, Izvest.
Turkest. Otd. Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 14, p. 140 — Tian
Shan [reference not verified].

Central and southern Europe north to southern Poland,
south to Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa in Atlas of
Morocco and Algeria, east to Greece, Turkey, Crimea, Cau-
casus, Lebanon, Iran, Afghanistan, West Pakistan (north-
ern Baluchistan), Transcaspia, Tadzhikistan, Altai, Mon-
golia, Transbaicalia, and western China in Shansi, Kansu,
and Tsinghai north to Inner Mongolia. Migrates west and
south, skirting northern India and West Pakistan, in Kash-
mir, Ladakh, northern Punjab, and Sind to Iran, Iraq,
Arabia, Egypt, and the Saharan area to winter in Africa
north of the equatorial forests to northern Nigeria, upper
Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanganyika highlands.

MONTICOLA CINCLORHYNCHUS

Monticola cinclorhynchus gularis (Swinhoe)
Oroecetes gularis Swinhoe, 18638, Ibis, p. 93, pl. 3 — Pe-
king.
Amur Basin in southeastern Transbaicalia east to Argun
River, south through Manchuria to northern Korea and
northern Hopeh in China; migrates through eastern China;

138 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

winters in southeastern China, northern Vietnam, northern
and eastern Thailand, and eastern and central Burma;
straggler to Malaya.

—Monticola cinclorhynchus cinclorhynchus (Vigors)

Petrocincla cinclorhyncha Vigors, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 172 — Himalayan mountains [= Simla, fide
Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p.
(OMe

Eastern Afghanistan, West Pakistan, and India from

Safed Kohs and Kashmir east to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and
northern Assam; winters in peninsular India to Deccan and
Kerala, in East Pakistan, and in the Arakan in Burma.

MONTICOLA RUFIVENTRIS

Monticola rufiventris (Jardine and Selby)

Turdus erythrogaster Vigors, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 171 — Himalayan Mountains; nec Turdus eryth-
rogaster Boddaert, 1783.

Petrocincla rufiventris Jardine and Selby, 18388, Ill. Orn.,
3, pl. 129 — Himalayan district; restricted to Simla by
Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 523.

Monticola (= Petrophila) semicastanea Collin and Har-
tert, 1927, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 51, nom. nov. for M.
erythrogaster (Vigors).

Monticola rufiventris sinensis A. C. Meinertzhagen, 1927,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 148 — Kuatun, northwest-
ern Fukien.

West Pakistan and India from the western Himalayas to
Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, southeast Tibet, Assam, Burma,
China in Yunnan, Sikang, and Szechwan southeast to Fu-
kien; winters to northern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.

MONTICOLA SOLITARIUS

Monticola solitarius solitarius (Linnaeus)

[Turdus] solitarius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p.
170 — Oriente [=Italy, ex Willoughby, vide Hartert,
1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 674].

Monticola solitarius scorteccii Moltoni, 1934, Atti Soc.
Italiana Sci. Nat. Milano, 73, p. 366 — Gat, southwest-
ern Libya.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 189

Monticola solitarius behnkei Niethammer, 1943, Anz.
Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss., 80 (3), p. 9—
Samaria, Crete.

Southern Switzerland, south-central France, and Italy
south and east to Spain, Portugal, Yugoslavia, Albania,
Greece, Mediterranean islands, and north Africa from Mor-
occo to Tunis, Libya east to Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria;
Caucasus; Israel (?); winters in its breeding range and
also south to Egypt, southern Arabia, Sudan, and in the
Sahara as far as Chad, Senegal, and Central African Re-
public (Bamako).

Monticola solitarius longirostris (Blyth)
P.(etrocincla) longirostris Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 16, p. 150 — from Sind to Ferozepore.
Monticola cyanus transcaspicus Hartert, 1909, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 23, p. 43 — Sirax, Aschabad (near Tedjen).
Northern Iraq mountains, Iran, Transcaspia, and Af-
ghanistan; intergrading with pandoo in eastern Afghanis-
tan and on Afghanistan-West Pakistan border; winters in
Arabia, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia east to Iraq,
West Pakistan (Kohat, Sind), and India (Saurashtra ?).

_ Monticola solitarius pandoo (Sykes)

Petrocincla Pandoo Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-

don, p. 87 — Ghats, Deccan.

P.[etrocincla] affinis Blyth, 1843, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-

gal, 12, p. 177 — Tenasserim and Darjeeling.'

Pamirs north to Tian Shan and mountains of the Tad-
zhikistan-Chinese border south to Chitral and along Him-
alayas of India and Tibet to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam,
and China in Sikang, Yunnan, Szechwan, southeast China,
and Shensi; migrates through West Pakistan and India to
peninsular India, Ceylon, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Hainan, south to
Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo.

Monticola solitarius philippensis (Miiller) ~ —
Turdus Philippensis Miller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl., p.
145 — Philippines.

1 A population of birds with variable shades of color and washed
with chestnut on the lower parts, intermediate between longirostris
and pandoo, was named affinis by Blyth.

140 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Petrophila solitaria magna La Touche, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 40, p. 97 — Shaweishan Island.

Monticola (= Petrophila) solitaria latouchei Kuroda, 1922,
Ibis, p. 92 — Sasu-mura, Tsushima Island.

Monticola sazxatilis centralasiae Serebrovskij, 1928,
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, (1927), p. 325 —
northwest Mongolia.

Monticola philippensis taivanensis Momiyama, 1930, Bull.
Soc. Biogeogr., 1, p. 177—Sinhi-syo, Tyosiu-gun,
Takao District, South Formosa.

Northeastern Russia in Ussuriland, Korea, China from
Manchuria south to Shantung, Japan, and Formosa; off-
shore Japanese islands from Bonins to Riu Kiu chain; win-
ters south from Yangtze valley to Hainan, northeast Thai-
land, Laos, Vietnam, Malaya, Borneo and adjacent islands,
Philippines, Celebes (Sulawesi), Talaud, Moluccas, South-
east Islands, and Palau Archipelago.

Monticola solitarius madoci Chasen

Monticola solitarius madoci Chasen, 1940, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 60, p. 97— Batu Caves near Kuala Lumpur,
Selangor, Malay States.

Malaya.

GENUS MYIOPHONEUS TEMMINCK

Myiophoneus! Temminck, 1822, Pl. Col., livr. 29, pl. 170.
Type, by original designation, Turdus flavirostris Hors-
field.

Arrenga Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 388. Type, by mon-
otypy, Turdus cyaneus Horsfield = Pitta glaucina Tem-
minck.

ef. Delacour, 1942, Auk, 59, pp. 246-264 (review of
genus).
MYIOPHONEUS BLIGHI
Myiophoneus blighi (Holdsworth)
Arrenga blighi Holdsworth, 1872, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 444, pl. 19 — “Nuwara Eliya”; corrected to banks

1 Temminck (ibid.), in his generic description, spells the new genus
Myiophoneus, and on the following page accompanying plate 170 spells
it “Myophonus.”

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 141

of the Lemastota oya, 4,200 ft., Haputale District
(Uva), by Legge, 1880, Birds Ceylon, p. 464.
Hills of Ceylon.

MYIOPHONEUS MELANURUS

— Myiophoneus melanurus (Salvadori)

Arrenga melanurus Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen-
ova, 14, p. 227 — Mount Singalan, West Sumatra.
Mountains of Sumatra, above 4,000 feet.

MYIOPHONEUS GLAUCINUS

-Myiophoneus glaucinus castaneus Ramsay
Myiophoneus castaneus Ramsay, 1880, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 16 — Mount Sago, neighborhood of Padang,
West Sumatra.
Sumatra, in the foothills.

—— Myiophoneus glaucinus glaucinus (Temminck)

Pitta glaucina Temminck, 1823, Pl. Col., livr. 33, pl. 194
— Java.
Java and Bali, in the mountains.

___Myiophoneus glaucinus borneensis Slater

Myiophoneus borneensis Slater, 1885, Ibis, p. 124 — Bun-
gal Hills, near Sarawak.
Foothills and mountains of Borneo.

MYIOPHONEUS ROBINSONI
Myiophoneus robinsoni Ogilvie-Grant

Myiophoneus robinsoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1905, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 15, p. 69 — Gunung Menkuanghebah, Selan-
gore.

Malaya mountains.

MYIOPHONEUS HORSFIELDII

~Myiophoneus horsfieldii Vigors
Myophonus Horsfieldii Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 35 — Himalayan mountains; restricted to Mala-
bar by Baker, 1923, Hand-list Indian Birds, p. 93.

142 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Hills of Peninsular India from Mount Abu south to Ker-
ala; east in the central hills from Pachmarhi and Surguja
to Orissa.

MYIOPHONEUS INSULARIS

——Myiophoneus insularis Gould
Myiophoneus insularis Gould, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 280 — Formosa.
Mountains of Formosa (Taiwan).

MYIOPHONEUS CAERULEUS

Myiophoneus caeruleus temminckii Gray

Myiophoneus Temmincku G. R. Gray, in Temminck, 1822,
Pl. Col., livr. 29, text preceding pl. 170 — India in the
Himalaya mountains; restricted to Simla-Almora dis-
trict, by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.

Myiophoneus tibetanus Madarasz, 1886, Ibis, p. 145 —
(central) Tibet.

Myiophoneus temmincki turcestanicus Zarudny, 1909,
Orn. Monatsb., 17, p. 168 — Tashkent.

Myophonus caeruleus rileyi Deignan, 1988, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 51, p. 25— Doi Ang Ka, northern
Siam.

Myophonus caeruleus euterpe Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Exploration, no. 1, p. 12 — Mawphlang, Khasi
Hills.

Southern Kirgizstan and Tadzhikistan from Bukhara
and Fergana east through the Tian Shan, south in Afghan-
istan from the Iran border through northern and south-cen-
tral hills to Baluchistan ; West Pakistan and India from Safed
Kohs east to Kashmir, Ladakh along the Himalayas to Ne-
pal, Sikkim, Bhutan, southeast Tibet, and Assam hills as far
as the Dibang and Lohit river valleys, where intergrades
with eugenei; Sikang, northern Burma to Laukkang, south
along hills to Arakan and northern Shan States; winters in
adjacent foot hills and plains in the northern part of the
range, northern Punjab, and, in the east, in northern Thai-
land.

_—Myiophoneus caeruleus eugenei Hume
Myiophoneus Eugenei Hume, 18738, Stray Feathers, 1,
p. 475 — Thayetmyo and the western Pegu Hills.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 143

Myiophoneus klossii Robinson,! 1915, Ibis, p. 750 — Koh
Melisi, West Island, southeastern Siam.

Myiophoneus stonei de Schauensee, 1929, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 87, p. 469 — Chieng Mai, north
Siam.

Mishmi Hills of northeast Assam, Burma (except the
range of temminckii) south to Tenasserim, northern Thai-
land, Laos, and northern Vietnam, China in Yunnan, south-
ern Sikang, and southern Szechwan, where intergrades with
caeruleus in the Kangting and Mount Omei areas.

__—Myiophoneus caeruleus caeruleus (Scopoli)

Gracula (caerulea) Scopoli, 1786, Del. Flor. Fauna In-
subr., fasc. 2, p. 88; ex Sonnerat “merle bleu de la
Chine,” 1782, Voy. Ind. Orient., p. 188, pl. 108 — China;
restricted to Canton by Stresemann, 1924, Abh. Ber.
Mus. Dresden, 16, no. 2, p. 28.

Myophonus caeruleus immansuetus Bangs and Penard,
1925, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 147 —
Ichang, Province of Hupeh, China.

China from Kansu and western Szechwan south to south-
ern Yunnan and Kwangtung, east to northern Hupeh; win-
ters in the Yangtze valley and south to Laos and northern
Vietnam (Tonkin).

Myiophoneus caeruleus crassirostris Robinson
Myiophoneus crassirostris Robinson, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 25, p. 99 — Trang, northern Malay Peninsula.
Myophonus temminckii changensis Riley, 1928, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 41, p. 207 — Koh Chang, Siam.
Peninsular and extreme southeast Thailand and Islands
in the Gulf of Siam, south to the Langkawi Islands, Perlis,
and Kedah, northern Malaya.

Myiophoneus caeruleus dicrorhynchus Salvadori
Myophonus dicrorhynchus Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 14, p. 227 — Ajermantcior, Padangpanjang,
West Sumatra.
Malaya from Patani and the Selangor hills south to Gu-
nong Tahan in Pahang; western Sumatra hills.

1 Based on an aberrant, partially albinistic specimen; see Delacour,
1942, tom. cit., p. 255.

144 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
| ee eg
_——Myiophoneus caeruleus flavirostris (Horsfield) ‘ ine?
Turdus flavirostris Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don, 13, p. 149 — Java.
Java hills.

GENUS GEOMALIA STRESEMANN

Geomalia Stresemann, 1931, Orn. Monatsb., 39, p. 10.
Type, by monotypy, Geomalia heinrichi Stresemann.

GEOMALIA HEINRICHI

Geomalia heinrichi heinrichi Stresemann /”’ F |
Geomalia heinrichi Stresemann, 1931, Orn. Monatsb., 39,
p. 11 — Mount Latimodjong, 2,800 m., Celebes.
Known only from Mount Latimodjong, south-central Cele-
bes, from 5,900 to 8,500 feet altitude.

Geomalia heinrichi matinangensis Stresemann
Geomalia heinrichi matinangensis Stresemann, 1931, Orn.
Monatsb., 39, p. 82 — Ile-Ile, 1,700 m., Mount Mati-
nang.
Known from the Tentolomatinan range south of Paleleh,
northern Celebes and southeastern Celebes on Mount Tanke
Salokko, above 5,000 feet.

GENUS ZOOTHERA VIGORS

Zoothera Vigors, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 172.
Type, by monotypy, Zoothera monticola Vigors.

Geokichla Miiller, 1835, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch. Phys.,
2, pl. 8, p. 348. Type, by original designation, Turdus
citrinus Latham.

Geocichla “Kuhl, 1820” = Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 4, p. 7. Type, by monotypy, Geocichla ru-
becula Gould.

Oreocincla Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Australia, pl. 55,
app. p. 3. Type, by monotypy, Turdus varius Horsfield =
Oreocincla horsfieldi Bonaparte.

Ixoreus Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
38, no. 1, p. 3 (note). Type, by original designation,
Turdus naevius Gmelin.

Cichlopasser Bonaparte, 1854, ibid., p. 6. Type, by mono-
typy, Turdus terrestris Kittlitz.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 145

Hesperocichla Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 12.
Type, by monotypy, Turdus naevius Gmelin.

Ridgwayia Stejneger, 1883, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p.
460. Type, by original designation, Turdus pinicola
Sclater.

Aegithocichla Sharpe, 1903, Hand-list, 4, p. 184. Type, by
monotypy, Turdus terrestris kittlitz.

Oreocichla “Gould” = Sharpe, 1903, Hand-list, 4, p. 186;
emendation of Oreocinela.

Pseudoturdus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p.
227. Type, by monotypy, Turdus guttatus Vigors.

ef. Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1937, Ibis, pp. 874-876
(piaggiae; gurney).
Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1706, pp. 1-8 (mol-
lissima; dixoni).
ZOOTHERA SCHISTACEA
Zoothera schistacea (Meyer)

Geocichla schistacea Meyer, 1884, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1,
p. 211, pl. 8 — Tanimbar.

Tanimbar Island, Indonesia.

ZOOTHERA DUMASI
Zoothera dumasi dumasi (Rothschild)
Geocichla dumasi Rothschild, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
8, p. 30 — Mount Mada, 3,000 ft., Buru.
Mountains of Buru Island, Moluccas.

Zoothera dumasi joiceyi (Rothschild and Hartert)
Turdus joiceyi Rothschild and Hartert, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 41, p. 74 — high mountains of Ceram.
Ceram Island, Moluccas.

ZOOTHERA INTERPRES
~—Zoothera interpres interpres (Temminck)
Turdus interpres “Kuhl” = Temminck, 1826, Pl. Col., livr.,
78, pl. 458 — Java and Sumatra.
Geokichla interpres minima Hachisuka, 1934, Tori, 8, p.
221 — Basilan.

Peninsular Thailand (Trang) and Malaya (vagrant, four
specimens); Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali (?), Lombok,
Sumbawa, and Flores Islands; Sulu Archipelago and Basilan
Island, Philippines.

146 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Zoothera interpres leucolaema (Salvadori)
Geocichla leucolaema Salvadori, 1892, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 32, p. 185 — Bua-Bua, Enggano Island.
Enggano Island, West Sumatra Islands.

ZOOTHERA ERYTHRONOTA

—~Zoothera erythronota dohertyi (Hartert)
Geocichla doherty: Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 555,
pl. 11, fig. 3 — Lombok (type) and Sumbawa.
Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor Islands,
Lesser Sunda Islands.

Zoothera erythronota erythronota (Sclater)
Geocichla erythronota Sclater, 1859, Ibis, p. 118 — Ma-
cassar.
Geocichla frontalis Madarasz, 1899, Termés. Fiizet., 22,
p. 111, pl. 8 — Celebes.
Celebes (not known from the eastern peninsula).

Zoothera erythronota mendeni (Neumann)
Turdus (Geokichla) mendeni Neumann, 1939, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 59, p. 47 — Peling.
Peling Island, east of Celebes.

ZOOTHERA WARDII

Zoothera wardii (Blyth)
T.(urdus) Wardu Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
11, p. 882 — Mysore.

Breeds in the Indian Himalayas from Kulu to Simla, east
through Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan to Assam; winters in the
Ceylon hills; on passage in the Himalayan foothills, eastern
Ghats, Mysore, and the southern hill ranges of the Indian
Peninsula.

ZOOTHERA CINEREA

Zoothera cinerea (Bourns and Worcester)

Geocichla cinerea Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Pa-
pers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 23 — Mindoro.
Mindoro and northern Luzon, Philippine Islands.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 147

ZOOTHERA PERONII
_— Zoothera peronii peronii (Vieillot)

Turdus peronii Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 20, p. 276— New Holland [errore = Timor; re-
stricted to Kupang by Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist, Sa; p; loo].

Western Timor.

_—— Zoothera peronii audacis (Hartert)

Geocichla audacis Hartert, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8,
p. 48 — Dammar Island, in the south of the Banda Sea.

Damar Island, Indonesia and Portuguese Timor.

ZOOTHERA CITRINA
—foothera citrina citrina (Latham)

Turdus citrinus Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 350 —
India; restricted to Cachar by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bom-
bay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 718.
West Pakistan and India along the Himalayas to Nepal,
Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, and northern Burma; winters in
the foothills south to Rajasthan, Madras, and Ceylon.

_—— Zoothera citrina cyanotus (Jardine and Selby)

Turdus cyanotus Jardine and Selby, 1828, Illus. Orn., 1,
pl. 46 — Bangalore, India.

Turdus citrinus amadoni Biswas, 1951, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 49, p. 661 — Chanda, Chanda District,
Central Provinces.

Peninsular India from Gujarat east to Andhra and south;

more common in the western hill ranges.

_—. Loothera citrina innotata (Blyth) 4

Geocichla innotota (sic) Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soe.
Bengal, 15, p. 370 — Nicobar Islands and Malaya; re-
stricted to Malay Peninsula by Blyth, 1847, ibid., 16, p.
146.

Southern Burma, China in southern Yunnan, Thailand,
Laos, southern Vietnam, and Cambodia; winters south into
peninsular Burma, Thailand, and Malaya.

1 Chasen’s (1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, p. 242) and Gibson-
Hill’s (1949, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 20, p. 195-196) records of Z. ce.

citrina aS an uncommon winter resident in Sumatra and Malaya
presumably refer to the subspecies innotata.

148 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Zoothera citrina melli (Stresemann)
Turdus citrinus melli Streseman, 1923, Journ. f. Orn., 71,
p. 865 — Dragon’s Head, Kwangtung Province, China.
China, breeding in West Fukien (?); winters to Lung
T’ou Shan, northern Kwangtung.

_—Zoothera citrina courtoisi (Hartert) -¢

Turdus citrinus courtoisi Hartert, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 40, p. 52 — Leoufang, Anhwei Province, eastern
eastern China.

Anhwei, China.

Zoothera citrina aurimacula (Hartert)
Turdus citrinus aurimacula Hartert, 1910, Novit. Zool.,
17, p. 236 — Hainan.
Hainan Island and central Annam, South Vietnam.

Zoothera citrina andamanensis (Walden) / 2 4
Geocichla andamanensis Walden, 1874, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., 14, p. 156 — Andamans.
Andaman Islands.

Zoothera citrina albogularis (Blyth)
G.(eocichla) albogularis Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 16, p. 146 — Nicobar Islands.
Nicobar Islands.

Zoothera citrina gibsonhilli (Deignan)
Geokichla citrina gibson-hilli Deignan, 1950, Zoologica,
New York, 35, p. 127 — Sungei Balik (ca. lat. 10° 31’
N., long. 98° 33’ E.), Mergui District, Tenasserim Di-
vision, Burma.
Central part of the Malay Peninsula from southern Tenas-
serim, Burma to Trang Province, Thailand.

Zoothera citrina aurata (Sharpe)
Geocichla aurata Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 478 — Mount
Kinabalu.
British North Borneo on Mount Kinabalu and Mount
Trus Madi.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 149

——TZoothera citrina rubecula (Gould)®
Geocichla rubecula Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. Londen:
p. 7 — Java; restricted to West Java by Bartels, 1938,
Orn: Monatsb., 46, p. 115.
West Java.

Zoothera citrina orientis (Bartels)

Geocichla citrina orientis Bartels, 1988, Orn. Monatsb.,
46, p. 115— Gunong Raoeng, Idjen Mountains, East
Java.

East Java and Bali (subspecies ?).

ZOOTHERA EVERETTI

——Toothera everetti (Sharpe)
Geocichla everetti Sharpe, 1892, Ibis, p. 323 — Mount
Dulit, northwest Borneo.
High mountains of Sarawak and British North Borneo
(Mounts Kinabalu and Trus Madi).

ZOOTHERA SIBIRICA

_— Zoothera sibirica sibirica (Pallas)

Turdus sibiricus Pallas, 1776, Reise versch. Prov. Russ.
Reichs, 3, p. 694 — Siberia [= Konda River, Transbai-
calia, vide Pallas, ibid., p. 186].

Siberia in the Yenisei and Lena River areas north to lat.
69° N., west to Mariinsk, east to Transbaicalia, northeast
Mongolia, northwest Manchuria, Amur River region, Us-
suriland, and Sakhalin (uncertain ?); migrates through
Manchuria, Korea, and north and east China; winters in
Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, central Burma, India in the Mani-
pur Hills (rare) and on the Andaman Islands, Malaya,
Sumatra, Nias Island (once), Borneo (very rare), and Java.

Zoothera sibirica davisoni (Hume)
Turdulus Davisont Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 63
— Mooleyit, Tenasserim.

Sakhalin Island, northern Japan from Hokkaido to Hon-
shu; migrates through Shikoku and Kyushu and the south
China coast; winters in north Vietnam (Tonkin), Burma,
Tenasserim, Malaya, and Sumatra.

150 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

ZOOTHERA NAEVIA

Zoothera naevia naevia (Gmelin)

Turdus naevius Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 817,
based on the Spotted Thrush of Latham, 1783, Gen.
Syn., 2 (1), p. 27 —in sinu Americae Natcae [= Noot-
ka Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia].

Southeastern Alaska (Yakutat Bay) south along the

coastal areas through the Cascade Range in British Colum-
bia and islands through Washington and Oregon to north-
western California; winters from extreme southern Alaska
south to southwestern California as far as San Diego and
Santa Cruz Island; casual inland in California to Eagle
Lake.

Zoothera naevia meruloides (Swainson)
Orpheus meruloides Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and
Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 2 (1831), p. 187, pl. 38
— Fort Franklin, lat. 6514,° [= Mackenzie; restricted to
Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie, by Amer. Orn. Union,
1931, Check-list North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 257].
Northern Alaska from northern Yukon east to northern
and western Mackenzie south to the base of the Alaska Pe-
ninsula, Kodiak Island, Prince William Sound, central and
southeast British Columbia, southwest Alberta, eastern
Washington, northeast Oregon, northern Idaho, and north-
western Montana; winters from southern British Columbia
and northern Idaho south in California to Death Valley,
Santa Cruz and San Clemente Islands, and northeastern
Baja California; casual in Montana; accidental in northern
Alaska (Point Barrow), Guadeloupe Island, and a number
of western states east to Minnesota and Kansas, and on the
east coast in Quebec, Massachusetts, New York, and New
Jersey.

ZOOTHERA PINICOLA

Zoothera pinicola (Sclater)

Turdus pinicola Sclater, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 384 — southern Mexico, pine-forests of the tableland
above Jalapa, Veracruz.

High mountains of Mexico from southern Chihuahua and

Coahuila through Sinaloa, Durango, Nayarit, Jalisco, Mi-

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 151

choacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Durango, Distrito Federal, Hi-
dalgo, and Puebla to west-central Veracruz.

ZOOTHERA PIAGGIAE
Zoothera piaggiae piaggiae (Bouvier)

Turdus piaggiae Bouvier, 1877, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 2,
p. 456 — Uganda (M’Tésa’s country) [= Lake Tana,
northern Abyssinia, vide Chapin, 19538, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 75A, p. 579].

Geocichla gurneyi tanganjicae Sassi, 1914, Anz. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss., 51, p. 311— forest
northwest of Tanganyika, 2,000 m.

Ethiopia, Sudan (Borna Hills), northern and western

Kenya, Uganda and eastern Congo mountains west of Lake
Tanganyika almost to Albertville.

Zoothera piaggiae hadii (Macdonald)

Geokichla piaggiae hadii Macdonald, 1940, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 60, p. 98 — Emogadung, Dongotona Mountains,
southeastern Sudan.

Imatong and Dongotona Mountains, southeastern Sudan.

_— Zoothera piaggiae kilimensis (Neumann)
Geocichla gurneyi kilimensis Neumann, 1900, Journ: f.
Orn., 48, pp. 188; 310 — Kifinika, Kilimanjaro.
Geocichla piaggiae keniensis Mearns, 1918, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 61 (10), p. 3 — Mount Kenya, Kenya Colony.
Central and southern Kenya from Mount Kenya and the
Aberdares south to Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanganyika.

Zoothera piaggiae rowei (Grant and Mackworth-Praed)
Geokichla piaggiae rowei Grant and Mackworth-Praed,
1937, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 57, p. 101 — Loliondo For-
est, northern Arusha District, northern Tanganyika.
Loliondo and Magaidu Forests, Arusha District, northern
Tanganyika.

Zoothera piaggiae williamsi (Macdonald)

Geokichla piaggiae williamsi Macdonald, 1948, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 69, p. 16 — Mount Muhavura, southwestern
Kigezi, Uganda.

Muhavura Mountain, southwestern Uganda.

152 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

ZOOTHERA OBERLAENDERI

Zoothera oberlaenderi (Sassi)

Geocichla gurneyi oberlaenderi Sassi, 1914, Anz. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss., 51, p. 310 — between
Beni and Mawambi, northeastern Congo.

Northeastern Congo from the Semliki Valley to the north-

ern edge of the Congo forest near Arebi; Uganda, Toro Dis-
trict (Bwamba Forest).

ZOOTHERA GURNEYI

Zoothera gurneyi chuka (van Someren)

Geocichla gurneyi chuka van Someren, 1930, Journ. East
Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., no. 37, p. 195 — Chuka,
Mount Kenya, central Kenya.

Mount Kenya, Kenya.

Zoothera gurneyi chyulu (van Someren)

Geokichla gurneyi chyulu van Someren, 1939, Journ. East
Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 77 — Chyulu
Range, southeastern Kenya.

Chyulu Mountains, southeastern Kenya.

~~ Zoothera gurneyi otomitra (Reichenow)

Geocichla gurneyi otomitra Reichenow, 1904, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 12, p. 95 — Bulongwa and Tandalla, Kondeland;
restricted to Bulongwa, northeast of Lake Nyasa, by
Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 444.

Geocichla gurneyi raineyi Mearns, 1913, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 61 (10), p. 4— Mount Mbololo, east of Mount
Kilimanjaro, southeastern Kenya.

Geocichla gurneyt usambarae Neumann, 1920, Journ. f.
Orn., 68, p. 82 — Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal, Usambara.

Taita area of southeast Kenya south through Tanganyika

mountains, and northern Nyasaland south to Mzumara and
Mussissi; Northern Rhodesia (Nyika, one specimen) ; Mount
Moco, Angola.

‘Zoothera gurneyi gurneyi (Hartlaub)
Turdus gurneyi Hartlaub, 1864, Ibis, p. 350, pl. 9 — near
Pietermaritzburg, Natal.
South Africa in Natal and eastern Cape Province, Pondo-
land.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 153

Zoothera gurneyi disruptans (Clancey)

Turdus gurneyt disruptans Clancey, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 75, p. 74 — Vumba Highlands, 5,500 ft., near Um-
tali, eastern Southern Rhodesia.

Central and southern Nyasaland, Mozambique, eastern

Southern Rhodesia from Melsetter to Inyanga, and eastern
and northern Transvaal.

ZOOTHERA CAMERONENSIS

Zoothera cameronensis (Sharpe) !
Geocichla cameronensis Sharpe, 1905 (July), Ibis, p. 472
— Efulen, Cameroon.
Known only from Efulen, Cameroons.

ZOOTHERA PRINCEI

Zoothera princei princei (Sharpe)
Chamaetylas princei Sharpe, 18738, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 625 — Denkera, in the interior of Fantee.
Forests of Sierra Leone (?), upper Guinea, Liberia, Ivory
Coast, and Ghana.

——Zoothera princei batesi (Sharpe)

Geocichla batesi Sharpe, 1905 (Nov.), Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 16, p. 36 — Efulen, Cameroons.

Geocichla princei grauert Sassi, 1914, Anz. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, Math.-Naturwiss., 51, p. 309— Moera forest
west, of Semliki, Congo.

Coastal southern Cameroons, Cameroun Republic, south

nearly to Rio Muni, northeastern Congo, Avakubi, Babeyru,
and Uganda (Bugoma forest; one specimen).

ZOOTHERA CROSSLEYI

—Zoothera crossleyi crossleyi (Sharpe)
Turdus crossleyi Sharpe, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 607, pl. 47 — Cameroon Mountain.
Cameroon Mountain and Mount Kupe, southern Camer-
oons, Cameroun Republic.

1 Appears to be a distinct species, fide B. P. Hall (pers. comm.).

154 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Zoothera crossleyi pilettei (Schouteden)
G.(eocichla) Gurney Pilettei Schouteden, 1918, Rev. Zool.
Africaine, 5, p. 294 — Lesse, Semliki Valley.
Northeastern Congo, Semliki Valley, near Ruwenzori and
near Beni; Mount Wago, west of Lake Albert (identity ?).

ZOOTHERA GUTTATA
Zoothera guttata guttata (Vigors) / 0 —

Turdus guttatus Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
92 — Algoa Bay, Africa [= Durban, Natal, apud Smith,
1839, Ill. Zool. South Africa, Aves, 2 (8), pl. 39].

Turdus fischeri natalicus Grote, 1988, Falco, 34, p. 14,
nom. nov. for Turdus guttatus Vigors, 1831, nec Mus-
cicapa guttata Pallas, 1814, = Catharus guttatus (Pal-
las).

Turdus fischeri belcheri Benson, 1950, Ostrich, 21 (2), p.
58 — Soche hill, near Blantyre, southern Nyasaland.
Southern Nyasaland, Natal, Pondoland, and Cape Prov-

ince near Fast London (sight records).

Zoothera guttata fischeri (Hellmayr)

Turdus guttatus fischeri Hellmayr, 1901, Orn. Monatsb.,
9, p. 54 — Pangani River, Tanganyika.
Coastal area of Kenya and Tanganyika from Kipini to
the Pangani River.

ZOOTHERA SPILOPTERA
Zoothera spiloptera (Blyth)

O.(reocincla) spiloptera Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 16, p. 142 — Ceylon.

Ceylon.

ZOOTHERA ANDROMEDAE
Zoothera andromedae (Temminck)

Myiothera andromedae Temminck, 1826, Pl. Col., livr. 66,
pl. 392 — Java and Sumatra.

Geocichla mindanensis Mearns, 1907, Philippine Journ.
Sci., 2, sec. A, p. 8359 — Mount Malindang, 6,500 ft.,
northwestern Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

Sumatra, Enggano, western Java, Lombok, Timor, Wetar,

and Roma Islands, Indonesia; Mindoro and Mindanao, Phil-
ippine Islands.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 155

ZOOTHERA MOLLISSIMA

Zoothera mollissima whiteheadi (Baker)

Oreocincla whiteheadi Baker, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
31, p. 79 — Khagan Valley, Afridi Country, North West
Frontier Province, India.

Oreocincla mollissima simlaensis Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit.
India, Birds, 2, p. 164 — Simla, Punjab.

North West Frontier Province of West Pakistan east

along the Himalayas to India in Almora, Garhwal, and west-
central Nepal, where intergrades with mollissima.

Zoothera mollissima mollissima (Blyth)
T.(urdus) mollissimus Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 11, p. 188 — Darjeeling.

Nepal (east of whiteheadi), Darjeeling, Sikkim, Bhutan,
southeast Tibet, Assam, and northern Burma (?) ; winters
in southern Assam, northeast Burma, China in northwest
Yunnan, and northern Vietnam (Tonkin).

Zoothera mollissima griseiceps (Delacour)

Oreocincla griseiceps Delacour, 1930, Ibis, p. 581 —
Chapa.
Borders of western Szechwan, southern and central Si-
kang, Yunnan, and northern Vietnam (Tonkin).

ZOOTHERA DIXONI

Zoothera dixoni (Seebohm)

Geocichla dixoni Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 5,
p. 161 — Himalayas, (specimens from) Nepal (and)
Darjeeling.

Indian Himalayas from Himachal Pradesh east through
Nepal, Darjeeling, Sikkim, Bhutan, and Assam, southeast
Tibet and Sikang, to the borders of western Szechwan,
northwestern Yunnan, and northern Burma (Adung Val-
ley) ; winters in southern Assam, northern and central
Burma, northern Thailand, and northern Vietnam (Ton-
kin).

ZOOTHERA DAUMA

__~- Zoothera dauma aurea (Holandre)

Turdus varius Pallas, 1811, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1, p.
449 — Krasnoyarsk; nec Turdus varius Vieillot, 1803.

156 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Turdus aureus Holandre, 1825, Ann. Moselle, p. 60 —
Metz, eastern France [reference not verified].

Conifer areas of Siberia from the Yenisei east to Tun-
guska and north to 62°-64° N. lat., south to Krasnoyarsk
and Lake Baikal, south and west irregularly across western
Siberia and the Urals to eastern Russia (Perm), along the
Tian Shan, northeast Mongolia (?), northwest Manchuria,
and Korea; migrates through western Siberia, Sinkiang,
Mongolia, Manchuria, Korea, Tsushima, and Quelpart Is-
lands, eastern China, and the Riu Kiu Islands; winters from
the Yangtze valley south in China west to Yunnan, north
and northeastern Burma (irregularly), northern Thailand
(rare), Laos, Vietnam, Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, rare) ;
vagrant to western Europe, western Mediterranean and
British Isles.

Zoothera dauma dauma (Latham)

Turdus Dauma Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1 p. 362 —
India; restricted to Kashmir by Baker, 1921, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist: Soc., 27, p. 720:

Oreocincla dauma socia Thayer and Bangs, 1912, Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 40, p. 174— Tatsienlu, western
Szechwan [= Kangting, eastern Sikang].

Turdus aureus angustirostris Gyldenstolpe, 1916, Orn.
Monatsb., 24, p. 28 — Khun Tan, northern Siam.

Himalayas of West Pakistan and India from Kashmir

and Murree east through Nepal, Darjeeling, Sikkim, Bhu-
tan, Assam in the southern hills, Burma, and southeast Ti-
bet; north in China in eastern Sikang, north Yunnan and
western Szechwan; Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Formosa;
winters south into the plains of India, East Pakistan, and
southern Burma; vagrant to Malaya.

Zoothera dauma neilgherriensis (Blyth)
O.(reocincla) neilgherriensis Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 141 — Nilgiris.
Southern peninsular Indian hills in Mysore, Madras, and
Kerala.
Zoothera dauma imbricata Layard

Zoothera imbricata Layard, 1854, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 2, 13, p. 212 — Ceylon.
Ceylon hills.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE LLY

Zoothera dauma toratugumi (Momiyama)

Turdus aureus toratugumi Momiyama, 1940, Dobuts. Zas-
shi, 52, p. 462 — Tosa, Shikaku [reference not verified].

Turdus aureus miharagokko Momiyama, 1940, Dobuts.
Zasshi, 52, p. 462 — Hachijo Island [reference not veri-
fied].

O.(reocincla) d.(auma) exorientis Portenko, 1954, Keys
Fauna U.S.S.R., no. 54, Birds, 3, p. 221 — Suputinka
River, Ussuriland.

Breeds in Manchuria (where integrades with aureus),
Ussuriland, Korea (transient ?), and Japan from Hokkaido
to Honshu; winters in Honshu, Shikoku (breeds ?), Kyu-
shu Island, and Miyake Island (one record), and south to
Formosa (Pescadores Islands).

Zoothera dauma major (Ogawa)

Geocichla major Ogawa, 1905, Annot. Zool. Japan, 5, p.
178 — Amami-O-Shima.

Turdus dauma amami Hartert, 1922, Voge. pal, Fauna, 3, p.
2155, nom. nov. Turdus dauma major (Ogawa) nec
Turdus major Brehm, 1831.

Amami-O-Shima Island, northern Riu Kiu Islands, Japan.

Zoothera dauma hancii (Swinhoe)

Oreocincla hancit Swinhoe, 1863, Ibis, p. 275 — North
Formosa.

Oreocincla horsfieldi affinis Richmond, 1902, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 15, p. 158 — Khow Nok Ram, 3,000
ft., Trong, lower Siam.

Hills of Tenasserim (?) and peninsular Thailand
(Trang), South Vietnam (Langbian Peaks, Dalat), and
Formosa; southern Riu Kiu Islands (Iriomotejima, va-
grant?).

—~ Zoothera dauma horsfieldi (Bonaparte)

Oreocincla horsfieldi Bonaparte, 1857, Rev. Mag. Zool.
[Paris], p. 205 — Java.

Sumatra, Java, and Lombok; Bali (?).

Zoothera dauma machiki (Forbes)

Geocichla machiki Forbes, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 589, pl. 52 — Timor-Laut, Tanimbar Islands.
Tanimbar Islands.

158 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Zoothera dauma papuensis (Seebohm)
Geocichla papuensis Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
5, p. 158, pl. 9 — southeastern New Guinea.
Nassau range, mountains of the Huon Peninsula, and
mountains of southeast New Guinea.

~ Zoothera dauma eichhorni (Rothschild and Hartert)

Turdus dauma eichhorni Rothschild and Hartert, 1924,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 52 — St. Matthias Island.

Saint Matthias (Mussau) Island, Bismarck Archipelago.

Zoothera dauma choiseuli (Hartert)
Turdus dauma choiseuli Hartert, 1924, Novit. Zool., 31,
p. 273 — Choiseul Island.
Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands.

Zoothera dauma cuneata (De Vis)
Geocichla cuneata De Vis, 1890, Proc. Royal Soc. Queens-
land, 6 (1889), p. 242—Herberton, north Queensland.
Mountains of Herberton district, north Queensland, Aus-
tralia.

Zoothera dauma heinei (Cabanis)

Oreocincla Heinei Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 6 —
Japan [errore = north Australia, Queesland, idem, 1872,
gourn. £.Orn:, 20>p: 237 |.

Southern Queensland.

Zoothera dauma lunulata (Latham)

Turdus lunulata Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl., p. xlii
— Nova Hollandia; restricted to Sydney by Mathews,
1920, Birds Australia, suppl. 1, check-list, p. 147.

Geocichla lunulata halmaturina Campbell, 1906, Emu, 5,
p. 142 — Kangaroo Island.

Turdus lunulatus dendyi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 340 — (Sassafras,) Victoria.

Turdus australasianus Mathews, 1920, Birds Australia,
suppl. 1, check-list, p. 147, ex Cotton, 1848, Tasmanian
Journ. Nat. Sci., 3, p. 363, nomen nudum.

New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia; Kanga-

roo Island.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 159

—Zoothera dauma macrorhyncha (Gould)

Oreocincla macrorhyncha Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds
Australia, pt. 4, app., p. 3 — New Zealand, or Van Die-
men’s Land (i.e. Tasmania).

Tasmania.

ZOOTHERA TALASEAE

Zoothera talaseae (Rothschild and Hartert)
Turdus talaseae Rothschild and Hartert, 1926, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 46, p. 53 — Talasea, New Britain.
New Britain Island.

ZOOTHERA MARGARETAE

Zoothera margaretae turipavae Cain and Galbraith
Zoothera margaretae turipavae Cain and Galbraith, 1955,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 75, p. 92 — Turipava, 4,100 ft.,
mountains of Guadalcanal.
Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands.

Zoothera margaretae margaretae (Mayr)
Turdus margaretae Mayr, 1985, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
820, p. 4 — San Cristobal, 1,900 ft., Solomon Islands.
San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.

ZOOTHERA MONTICOLA

Zoothera monticola monticola Vigors
Zoothera monticola Vigors, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 172 — Himalayan Mountains [= Simla-Almora area,
vide Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 472].
Zoothera monticola tenebricola Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 13 — Sangau, Lushai Hills.
Indian Himalayas from Kulu, Nepal, Darjeeling, Sikkim,
Bhutan, and Assam to northeastern Burma in Myitkina
District and the northern Chin Hills.

Zoothera monticola atrata Delacour and Greenway
Zoothera monticola atrata Delacour and Greenway, 19389,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 1381— Chapa, 5,000 ft.,
Tonkin.
North Vietnam (Tonkin).

160 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
ZOOTHERA MARGINATA
~Zoothera marginata Blyth
Z.(oothera) marginata Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 16, p. 141 — Arakan.
Zoothera marginata parva Delacour and Jabouille, 1930,

Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 11, p. 397 — Long-Phinh,
Pakha (Tonkin).

Zoothera marginata tenebrosa Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool.
Soc. India, 4, p. 41 — Nichuguard, Naga Hills.

Hills of Nepal, Darjeeling, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam,

Burma, Thailand (except the Peninsula), Laos, and North
and South Vietnam.

ZOOTHERA TERRESTRIS
Zoothera terrestris (Kittlitz)

Turdus terrestris Kittlitz, 1831, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci.

St. Pétersbourg, 1, p. 245, pl. 17 — Bonin Island.
Bonin Island; extinct.

GENUS AMALOCICHLA DE VIS

Amalocichla De Vis, 1892, Ann. Rept. British New

Guinea, 1890-1891, app. ec., p. 95. Type, by monotypy,

Amalocichla sclateriana De Vis [reference not veri-
fied].

Pseudopitta Reichenow, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 129.
Type, by monotypy, Eupetes incertus Salvadori.

AMALOCICHLA SCLATERIANA
Amalocichla sclateriana occidentalis Rand

Amalocichla sclateriana occidentalis Rand, 1940, Amer.

Mus. Novit., no. 1074, p. 1—- Lake Habbema, 9 km.

northeast, 2,800 m., Snow Mountains, Netherlands New
Guinea.

Oranje Mountains, West New Guinea.

Amalocichla sclateriana sclateriana De Vis

Amalocichla sclateriana De Vis, 1892, Ann. Rept. British
New Guinea, 1890-1891, p. 95 — Mount Owen Stanley,
southeastern New Guinea [reference not verified].

Mountains of southeastern New Guinea.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 161

AMALOCICHLA INCERTA

Amalocichla incerta incerta (Salvadori)
Eupetes incertus Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
7, p. 967 — Mount Arfak.
Arfak Mountains, West New Guinea.

Amalocichla incerta olivascentior Hartert
Amalocichla incerta olivascentior Hartert, 1930, Novit.
Zool., 36, p. 85 — Wondiwoi Mountain.
Wandammen and Weyland Mountains, Wissel Lakes dis-
trict east to Nassau and Oranje Mountains, West New
Guinea.

——Amalocichla incerta brevicauda (De Vis)

Drymoedus brevicauda De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rept. British
New Guinea, 1893-1894, p. 103—-Mount Maneao,
southeast New Guinea [reference not verified].

Eastern New Guinea in the Schraderberg, Bismarck, Sa-

ruwaged (Huon Peninsula), Herzog, and southeastern
mountains.

GENUS CATAPONERA HARTERT

Cataponera Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 70. Type, by
monotypy, Cataponera turdoides Hartert.

CATAPONERA TURDOIDES

Cataponera turdoides abditiva Riley
Cataponera abditiva Riley, 1918, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 31, p. 158 — Rano Rano, Celebes.
North-central Celebes.

Cataponera turdoides tenebrosa Stresemann
Cataponera turdoides tenebrosa Stresemann, 1938, Orn.
Monatsb., 46, p. 46 — Latimodjong Mountains.
Latimodjong Mountains, southern Celebes.

Cataponera turdoides turdoides Hartert
Cataponera turdoides Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zoo:., 3, p.
70 — Bonthain Peak.
Mountains of southwestern Celebes.

162 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cataponera turdoides heinrichi Stresemann

Cataponera turdoides heinrichi Stresemann, 1938, Orn.

Monatsb., 46, p. 46 — Tanke Salokko, 2,000 m., Meng-
koka Mountains.

Mengkoka Mountains, southeast Celebes.

GENUS NESOCICHLA GOULD

Nesocichla Gould, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 165.
Type, by montypy, Nesocichla eremita Gould.

NESOCICHLA EREMITA

Nesocichla eremita eremita Gould
Nesocichla eremita Gould, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London.
p. 165 — Tristan da Cunha Island.
Tristan da Cunha Island, South Atlantic.

Nesocichla eremita gordoni Stenhouse
Nesocichla eremita gordoni Stenhouse, 1924, Scottish
Naturalist, p. 95 — Inaccessible Island.
Inaccessible Island, South Atlantic.

Nesocichla eremita procax Elliott
Nesocichla eremita procax Elliott, 1954, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 74, p. 22 — Nightingale Island.
Nightingale Island, South Atlantic.

GENUS CICHLHERMINIA BONAPARTE

Cichlherminia Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 38, p. 2. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray,
1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 48), Turdus lher-
miniert Lafresnaye.

CICHLHERMINIA LHERMINIERI

Cichlherminia lherminieri lawrencii Cory
Cichlherminia lawrencii Cory, 1891, Auk, 8, p. 44—
Montserrat, West Indies.
Montserrat, West Indies.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 163

—Cichlherminia lherminieri lherminieri (Lafresnaye)

Turdus L’Herminieri Lafresnaye, 1844, Rev. Zool.
[Paris], 7, p. 167 — Guadeloupe.
Guadeloupe, West Indies.

—Cichlherminia lherminieri dominicensis (Lawrence)

Margarops dominicensis Lawrence, 1880, Forest and
Stream, 14, no. 9, p. 165 — Dominica.
Dominica, West Indies.

Cichlherminia lherminieri sanctaeluciae (Sclater)

Margarops sanctae-luciae Sclater, 1880, Ibis, p. 73 —
St. Lucia.
St. Lucia, West Indies.

GENUS PHAEORNIS ScCLATER

Phaeornis Sclater, 1859, Ibis, p. 327. Type, by monotypy,
Taenioptera obscura = Muscicapa obscura Gmelin.

PHAEORNIS OBSCURUS

— Phaeornis obscurus myadestinus Stejneger

Phaeornis myadestina Stejneger, 1887, Proc. U.S. Nat.,
Mus., 10, p. 90 — Kauai Island, Hawaiian Archipelago.
Kauai Island.

Phaeornis obscurus oahensis Wilson and Evans

Phaeornis oahensis Wilson and Evans, 1899, Aves Ha-
waiienses, introd., p. xiii — Oahu.
Oahu Island; extinct.

—Phaeornis obscurus rutha Bryan

Phaeornis rutha Bryan, 1908, Occ. Papers Bishop Mus.
[Honolulu], 4, pp. 43; 81— Kilohana Mountain, Pu-
nalu Mountain, Halawa, Molokai.

Molokai Island.

Phaeornis obscurus lanaiensis Wilson

Phaeornis lanaiensis Wilson, 1891, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 6, 7, p. 460 — Lanai.
Lanai Island.

164 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Phaeornis obscurus obscurus (Gmelin)
(Muscicapa) obscura Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p.
945 — Sandwich Islands.
Hawaii Island.

PHAEORNIS PALMERI

- Phaeornis palmeri Rothschild /

Phaeornis palmeri Rothschild, 1893, ete amae Laysan,
p. 67 — Halemanu, Kauai.
Kauai Island.

GENUS CATHARUS BONAPARTE

Catharus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 278.
Type, by monotypy, Turdus immaculatus Bonaparte =
Turdus aurantirostris Hartlaub.

cf. Zimmer, 1944, Auk, 61, pp. 404-408 (aurantiirostris
and griseiceps).

Bond, G. M., 1968, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 114, pp. 373-
387 (ustulatus).

CATHARUS GRACILIROSTRIS

Catharus gracilirostris gracilirostris Salvin

Catharus gracilirostris Salvin, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, (1864), p. 580 — Costa Rica (Volcan de Cartago).
Mountains of Costa Rica.

Catharus gracilirostris accentor Bangs
Catharus gracilirostris accentor Bangs, 1902, Proc. New
England Zool. Club, 3, p. 50— Volcan de Chiriqui,
Chiriqui, Panama.
Mountains of western Panama.

CATHARUS AURANTIIROSTRIS

Catharus aurantiirostris melpomene (Cabanis)
T.(urdus) Melpomene Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p.
5 — Xalapa [= Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico].
Oaxaca, Chiapas, northeast Puebla, and west-central
Veracruz, Mexico.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 165

—— Catharus aurantiirostris clarus Jouy
Catharus melpomene clarus Jouy, 1894, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 16, p. 773 — Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco, Mexico.
Southern Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Michoacan, Guerrero,
central Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, México, San Luis
Potosi, Hidalgo, western Puebla, and southwestern Tamau-
lipas, Mexico.

Catharus aurantiirostris aenopennis Moore
Catharus aurantiirostris aenopennis Moore, 1938, Proc.
Biol. Soe. Washington, 50, p. 96 — floor of Arroyo
Hondo, about twenty miles north of junction of Rios
Chinipas and Fuerte, southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico.
Northern Sinaloa and southwestern Chihuahua; winters
to lowlands of Sinaloa, Mexico.

—— Catharus aurantiirostris bangsi Dickey and van Rossem

Catharus melpomene bangsi Dickey and van Rossem,
1925, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 38, p. 135 — Volcan
de San Salvador, El Salvador.

E] Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala.

—— Catharus aurantiirostris costaricensis Hellmayr

Catharus melpomene costaricensis Hellmayr, 1902, Journ.
f. Orn., 50, p. 45 — Costa Rica; restricted to San José
by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool.
Ser, 3, pt. 7, p. 471.

Catharus melpomene bathoica Bangs and Griscom, 1932,
Proc. New England Zool. Club, 13, p. 51— Ojo An-
cho, 500 ft., tip of Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica.

Nicaragua and northwest Costa Rica.

Catharus aurantiirostris russatus Griscom
Catharus griseiceps russatus Griscom, 1924, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 141, p. 6 — Boruca, Costa Rica.
Mountains of southwestern Costa Rica and western Pan-
ama (Chiriqui).

—Catharus aurantiirostris griseiceps Salvin
Catharus griseiceps Salvin, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 68 — Veraguas.
Mountains of western Panama in eastern Chiriqui and
Veraguas.

166 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Catharus aurantiirostris phaeopleurus Sclater and Salvin

Catharus phaeopleurus Sclater and Salvin, 1875, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 541 — Medellin, Antioquia, Colom-
bia.

Colombia in the Cauca and upper Patia valleys south to

the upper Guaitara Valley, Narino.

~ Catharus aurantiirostris aurantiirostris (Hartlaub)

Turdus auranturostris Hartlaub, 1850, Rev. Zool. [Paris],
ser. 2, 1, p. 158 — Venezuela; restricted to Caracas by
Hartlaub, 1851, Contrib. Orn., p. 80, pl. 72.

Eastern Colombia in the Santa Marta range and Mag-
dalena valley; coastal Venezuela in Distrito Federal, Mi-
randa, Aragua, Carabobo, Lara, Falcon, and the Andes of
Tachira.

Catharus aurantiirostris birchalli Seebohm J
Catharus birchalli Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
5, p. 289— Orinoco valley; restricted to mountains
inland of Cumana by Hellmayr, 1919, Verh. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 14, p. 126.
Northeast Venezuela, in Sucre, and on Trinidad (Aripo).

Catharus aurantiirostris barbaritoi Aveledo and Gines

Catharus aurantiirostris barbaritoi Aveledo and Gines,
1952, Novedades Cient., Contrib. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat.
La Salle, Caracas, ser. Zool., no. 6, p. 11— Kunana,
1,140 m., Rio Negro, Sierra de Perija, Zulia, Vene-
zuela.
Venezuela in Sierra de Perija and valley of upper Rio
Negro.

Catharus aurantiirostris inornatus Zimmer

Catharus aurantiirostris inornatus Zimmer, 1944, Auk,
61, p. 404 — San Gil, Santander, Colombia.
Colombia on western slope of eastern Andes in Sogamoso
Valley, Santander.

Catharus aurantiirostris insignis Zimmer

Catharus aurantiirostris insignis Zimmer, 1944, Auk, 61,
p. 406 — near San Agustin, Huila, Colombia.
Colombia in the upper Magdalena valley; ‘Bogota’ re-
gion.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 167

CATHARUS FUSCATER

— Catharus fuscater hellmayri Berlepsch
Catharus fuscater hellmayri Berlepsch, 1902, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 10, p. 69 — Chiriqui.
Costa Rica and western Panama in Chiriqui and Vera-
guas.

Catharus fuscater mirabilis Nelson
Catharus fuscater mirabilis Nelson, 1912, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 60 (3), p. 24— Mount Pirre, near head of Rio
Limon, eastern Panama.
Eastern Panama in the area of Mount Pirre.

— Catharus fuscater sanctaemartae Ridgway

Catharus fuscater sanctae-martae Ridgway, 1904, Smiths.
Mise. Coll., 47, p. 112 — Elhibano [= El Libano], Santa
Marta, Colombia.

Northern Colombia in the Santa Marta Mountains.

Catharus fuscater fuscater (Lafresnaye)

M.(yioturdus) fuscater Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool.
[Paris], 8, p. 341 — Bogota.

Eastern Panama on Mount Tacarcuna; eastern Andes of
Colombia (La Palmita, Pueblo Nuevo, Cachiri, Pena Blan-
ca); Venezuela in Trujillo, Barinas, Mérida, and Tachira;
Ecuador.

Catharus fuscater opertaneus Wetmore

Catharus fuscater opertaneus Wetmore, 1955, Noved.
Colomb., Contr. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat., Univ. Cauca,
Colombia, no. 2, p. 46 — Hacienda Potreros, 6,500 ft.,
Rio Herradura, 15 mi. southwest of Frontino, Antio-
quia, Colombia.

Western Andes of Colombia on the Rio Herredura, Fron-

tino, Antioquia.

Catharus fuscater caniceps Chapman
Catharus fuscater caniceps Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 188, p. 14 — Palambla, 5,000-6,500 ft., Pi-
ura, Peru.
Northern and central Peru, west to Rio Safa valley.

168 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Catharus fuscater mentalis Sclater and Salvin
Catharus mentalis Sclater and Salvin, 1876, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, p. 352 — “Suape”’ (Suapi), near ‘‘Tilo-
tilo,” Yungas, Bolivia.
Southeastern Peru (Dept. Puno) and northern Bolivia
(ia Paz).

CATHARUS OCCIDENTALIS

~ Catharus occidentalis olivascens Nelson
Catharus olivascens Nelson, 1899, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 13, p. 31 — Sierra Madre, Chihuahua (65 miles
east of Batopilas), Mexico.
Northern Mexico in northern Sinaloa, western Chihua-
hua, and northwestern Durango.

Catharus occidentalis fulvescens Nelson
Catharus occidentalis fulvescens Nelson, 1897, Auk, 14,
p. 75 — Amecameca, México.
Mountains of Mexico in Jalisco, southern Sinaloa, Mi-
choacan, Guerrero, southern Durango, Guanajuato, southern
Tamaulipas, and western Puebla, and Mexico.

4

_—Catharus occidentalis occidentalis Sclater

Catharus occidentalis Sclater, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 323 — Totontepec, Oaxaca.
Mountains of southeastern Mexico in Oaxaca, eastern San
Luis Potosi, Puebla, and western Veracruz.

Catharus occidentalis alticola Salvin and Godman

Catharus alticola Salvin and Godman, 1879, Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Aves, 1, p. 3 — Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala.
Southern Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, El] Salvador,
and Honduras.

_-Catharus occidentalis frantzii Cabanis

Catharus Frantzti Cabanis, 1861, Journ. f. Orn., 8 (1860),
p. 323 — Volcan del Irazu.
Mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui).

CATHARUS MEXICANUS

Catharus mexicanus mexicanus (Bonaparte)
Mal.(acocychla) mexicana Bonaparte, 1856, Compt. Rend.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 169

Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, p. 998 — Jalapa, Veracruz, Mex-
ico.

Catharus mexicanus smithi Nelson, 1909, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 22, p. 49 — Carricitos, Sierra Madre of
the East, fifty miles northwest of Victoria, Tamaulipas,
Mexico.

Mexico in Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, México, Veracruz, and

western Chiapas.

—Catharus mexicanus cantator Griscom

Catharus mexicanus cantator Griscom, 1930, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 488, p. 4 — Finca Sepacuite, 3,500 ft., about
50 miles east of Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala.
Highlands of Mexico (Chiapas), eastern Guatemala, and
aid Honduras (San Pedro mountains).

_—Catharus mexicanus fumosus Ridgway
Catharus fumosus Ridgway, 1888, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
10, p. 505 — Costa Rica.
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama in Chiriqui
and Veraguas.

CATHARUS DRYAS

—~Catharus dryas ovandensis Brodkorb

Catharus dryas ovandensis Brodkorb, 19388, Occ. Papers
Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 369, p. 4— Mount
Ovando, 1,775 m., Chiapas.

Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico.

~Catharus dryas dryas (Gould)
Malacocichla dryas Gould, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1854), p. 285, pl. 75 — Guatemala.
Guatemala, on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera and
Sierra de las Minas, and Honduras (Volcan de Puca) ; west-
ern Ecuador.

~ Catharus dryas maculatus (Sclater)

Malacocichla maculata Sclater, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 64 — Rio Napo, Ecuador [= eastern Ecuador].
Eastern Colombia, at the head of Magdalena Valley and
on the eastern slope of Andes and Macarena Mountains,
eastern Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.+

170 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Catharus dryas ecuadoreanus Carriker

Catharus dryas ecuadoreanus Carriker, 19385, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 87, p. 355 — Alamor, Ecuador.
Andes of western Ecuador.

CATHARUS FUSCESCENS

Catharus fuscescens fuscescens (Stephens)

Turdus Fuscescens Stephens, 1817, in Shaw, Gen. Zool.,
10 (1), p. 182 — Pennsylvania.

Eastern Canada in Ontario, southern Quebec, New Bruns-
wick, and Nova Scotia; United States from northeastern
Ohio through mountains of Pennsylvania, West Virginia,
Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and North Caro-
lina to northern Georgia, and New England states south to
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the District of Columbia;
migrates through eastern United States west to Nebraska,
Oklahoma, and eastern Texas, and through eastern Mexico
(Quintana Roo; Yucatan), the Bahamas, Cuba, Honduras,
Costa Rica, and Panama; winters in Colombia, Venezuela,
and British Guiana to south-central Brazil.

~ Catharus fuscescens fuliginosa (Howe)

Hylocichla fuscesens fuliginosa Howe, 1900, Auk, 17, p.
271 — Codroy, Newfoundland.

Breeds in southwestern Newfoundland and south-central
Quebec; winters presumably in South America; migrates
along the eastern United States coast in Massachusetts,
Maryland, and Virginia.

—Catharus fuscescens salicicola (Ridgway)

Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola Ridgway, 1882, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 374 — Colorado; restricted to Fort
Garland, Colorado by Amer. Orn. Union, 1910, Check-
list North Amer. Birds, ed. 3, p. 360.

Canada from southern British Columbia, southern central
Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba to southern Ontario
and south in United States from Nevada, Colorado, north-
east Arizona, Wyoming, and South Dakota to Minnesota,
southern Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and south-
western Ohio; winters from Colombia and Venezuela to
Brazil (Mato Grosso).

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE ilyfl

Catharus fuscescens subpallidus (Burleigh and Duvall)
Hylocichla fuscescens subpallida Burleigh and Duvall,
1959, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 72, p. 833 — Moscow,
Latah County, Idaho.
Northern Washington, northeastern Oregon, northern
and central Idaho, and western Montana; migrates through
Colorado; winter range unknown.

CATHARUS MINIMUS

—— Catharus minimus minimus (Lafresnaye)

Turdus minimus Lafresnaye, 1848, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 11,
p. 5— Bogota, Colombia.

Turdus aliciae Baird, 1858, in Baird, Cassin, and Law-
rence, Rept. Expl. Surv. R.R. Pacific, 9, p. 217 — Illi-
nois and upper Missouri; restricted to West Northfield,
Illinois, by Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt.
4, p. 61.

Northeast Siberia, Alaska; Canada in Yukon, Mackenzie,
British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, eastern Quebec, cen-
tral Labrador, and Newfoundland; migrates through Mis-
Sissippi Valley and eastern United States, rarely in Mon-
tana, Wyoming, Oklahoma, Texas, Mexico (Campeche and
Yucatan), Guatemala, Cuba (rare), and Martinique (once) ;
winters in Nicaragua, Colombia, Venezuela, and British
Guiana to northern Peru and northwestern Brazil.

_Catharus minimus bicknelli (Ridgway)

Hylocichla aliciae bicknelli Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 4, p. 8377 — near the summit of Slide Moun-
tain, Ulster County, New York.

Eastern United States in New York and New England;
Canada north to southern Nova Scotia, Gaspé Peninsula,
and Gulf of St. Lawrence area to Cape St. Charles, southern
Labrador; migrates through eastern states, casually west
to Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, and Louisiana, and also
in the Bahamas; winters in Hispaniola.

CATHARUS USTULATUS

Catharus ustulatus almae (Oberholser)
Hylocichla ustulata almae Oberholser, 1898, Auk, 15, p.
004 — East Humboldt Mts., opposite Franklin Lake,
Nevada.

WZ CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Hylocichla ustulata incana Godfrey, 1952, Canadian Field-
Nat., 65 (1951), p. 173 — Lapie River, Canol Road,
mile 132, Yukon Territory.

Southern and eastern Alaska (except southeast coast),
Yukon, western Mackenzie, west-central Alberta south
through the mountains to Colorado and northwest Utah;
migrates in Mississippi Valley to winter in southeast and
Gulf Coast United States; Costa Rica (Bonilla, one record).

Catharus ustulatus ustulatus (Nuttall)

Turdus ustulatus Nuttall, 1840, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can-
ada, ed. 2, pp. vi, 400, 880 — forests of the Oregon
[= Fort Vancouver, Washington].

Southeastern coastal Alaska from Juneau south, coastal
British Columbia, west of the Cascade Mountains in Wash-
ington and Oregon; migrates through California; winters in
western Mexico.

Catharus ustulatus oedicus (Oberholser )

Hylocichla ustulata oedica Oberholser, 1899, Auk, 16, p.
236 — santa Barbara, California.

Breeds in California (except southeast) and southwest
Oregon (Klamath Mountains) north along the east slopes
of the Cascade range to northern Washington; migrates
south to winter in Arizona and in Mexico in Baja California,
Tamaulipas, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, Durango,
Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Guerrero, Oaxaca,
and Chiapas.

Catharus ustulatus swainsoni (Tschudi)

Turdus Swainsoni Tschudi, 1845, Faun. Peru., Aves, p.
28; new name for Merula wilsoni Swainson, nec Tur-
dus wilsonii Bonaparte — Carlton House, Saskatche-
wan.

Hylocichla ustulata clarescens Burleigh and Peters, 1948,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 118 — Glenwood,
Newfoundland.

Breeds in Canada from eastern Alberta (Athabaska
River) east through Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario,
Quebec, and southern Labrador to Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia, south in the United States from northern Minnesota,
Wisconsin, and northern Michigan to northern New Eng-
land, south in the Appalachians of New York, Pennsylvania

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 173

and West Virginia; migrates south of its breeding range
through British Columbia, Idaho, and Illinois to Alabama,
Florida, Oklahoma, and Texas; winters rarely in Mexico
(Veracruz, Tabasco, Islas Tres Marias, Yucatan, and Chia-
pas) and in El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Jamaica,
Swan Island, Cuba, and the Bahamas, and more commonly
in Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (upper Rio Negro), and Argentina
(Tucuman).

CATHARUS GUTTATUS

-Catharus guttatus guttatus (Pallas)

Muscicapa guttata Pallas, 1811, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1,
p. 465 — Kodiak Island, Alaska.

Turdus Pallasii Cabanis, 1847, Arch. f. Naturg., 13, p.
205 — new name for Musicapa guttata Pallas, nec Tur-
dus guttatus Vigors, 1831.

Hylocichla guttata euboria Oberholser, 1956, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 69, p. 69— Lewes River, Yukon
River, Yukon, Canada.

Alaskan Peninsula and adjacent islands east to southwest
Yukon and south to central British Columbia; winters on
Vancouver Island and in Washington, Oregon, California,
Colorado, Nevada, Texas, Baja California, Tamaulipas,
Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Sinaloa, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi,
Coahuila, Guanajuato, Durango, Chihuahua, Michoacan, and
Guadalupe Island (subspecies ?).

_——Catharus guttatus nanus (Audubon)

Turdus Nanus Audubon, 1839, Orn. Biog., 5, p. 201 —
Columbia River [= Fort Vancouver, Washington, vide
Amer. Orn. Union, 1931, Check-list. Birds North
Amer., ed. 4, p. 258; fig. as “Turdus minor Gm.’ 18388,
Birds Amer. (folio), 4, pl. 419, fig. 1].

Hylocichla guttata vaccinia Cumming, 1933, Murrelet, 14,
p. 79 — Seymour Mountain, Vancouver District, Brit-
ish Columbia.

Catharus guttatus munroi Phillips, 1962, Anal. Inst. Biol.
México, 32 (1961), p. 351 — Nulki Lake, British Co-
lumbia.

Coastal southeastern Alaska and western British Colum-

bia; winters from southern British Columbia south to south-

174 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

ern Baja California and Sonora (one record), and east as
far as eastern California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mex-
ico.

—Catharus guttatus slevini (Grinnell)

Hylocichla aonalaschkae slevini Grinnell, 1901, Auk, 18,
p. 258—vicinity of Point Sur, Monterey County,
California.

Hylocichla guttata oromela Oberholser, 1932, Sci. Pub.
Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, no. 1, p. 8— north base
of Brook Peak, Warner Mountain, 15 miles northeast
of Lakeview, Oregon.

Catharus guttatus jewetti Phillips, 1962, Anal. Inst. Biol.
México, 32 (1961), p. 8356 — Hurricane Ridge and El-
wha River, Olympic Mountains, Clallam Co., Washing-
ton.

Washington, Oregon, and northern California south to

Monterey County; winters in Baja California, Sonora, and
Sinaloa.

Catharus guttatus sequoiensis (Belding)

Turdus sequoiensis Belding, 1889, Proc. California Acad.
Sci., ser. 2, 2, p. 18— Big Trees, Calaveras County,
California.

Sierra Nevada Range of California and western Nevada
south to mountains of southern California; winters in Ari-
zona, Texas, Tamaulipas and Sonora; accidental in North
Dakota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and Louisiana.

Catharus guttatus polionotus (Grinnell)

Hylocichla guttata polionota Grinnell, 1918, Condon, 20,
p. 89— Wyman Creek, 8,000 ft., White Mountains,
Inyo County, California.

Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, Nevada, southwest-
ern Utah and east-central California; migrates through
Arizona, Oklahoma, and Texas; winters in southeastern
Arizona, in Sonora, Sinaloa, Jalisco, Michoacan, Tamauli-
pas, Nuevo Leon, Chihuahua, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Durango,
Guanajuato, México, Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, and Chia-
pas.

Catharus guttatus auduboni (Baird)

Turdus auduboni Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p.
16 — “Fort Bridger ?’’, Wyoming.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE MS

Hylocichla guttata dwighti Bishop, 1938, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 46, p. 201— Lion Creek, Priest Lake,
Idaho.

Rocky Mountains from southeastern British Columbia
and western Montana to Idaho, Wyoming, eastern Nevada,
Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas; winters in Ta-
maulipas, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Baja California, Chihuahua,
Durango, Guanajuato, México, Morelos, Hidalgo, Puebla,
Veracruz, Chiapas, and Guatemala.

—Catharus guttatus faxoni (Bangs and Penard)
Hylocichla guttata faxoni Bangs and Penard, 1921, Auk,
38, p. 448 — Shelburne, New Hampshire.

Central Yukon, Mackenzie, northeastern British Colum-
bia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba through Ontario
and Quebec to southern Labrador and Nova Scotia, south
from Minnesota, Wisconsin, and northern Michigan to
Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and the New England states
and in the Appalachians to West Virginia and Maryland;
winters from the southern part of the breeding range in
United States south to Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia,
and Florida; Bermuda (casual).

Catharus guttatus crymophilus (Burleigh and Peters)

Hylocichla guttata crymophila Burleigh and Peters,
1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 117 — Badger,
Newfoundland.

Newfoundland; winter range uncertain, recorded from

Virginia and Georgia.

GENUS HYLOCICHLA Bairp

Hylocichla Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 12. Type,
by original designation, Turdus mustelinus Gmelin.

ef. Dilger, 1957, Syst. Zool., 5, pp. 174-182 (Hylocichla
behavior, relationships) .

HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA

_—Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin)
T.(urdus) mustelinus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p.
817, ex Latham, “Tawny Thrush” —in Noveboraco
[= New York, vide Amer. Orn. Union, 1931, Check-list
North Amer. Birds, ed. 4, p. 257].

176 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Eastern United States from southeastern South Dakota
south to Oklahoma and southeastern Texas, eastward and
south to northern Florida and north to southern Ontario
and Quebec; casual in New Brunswick and North Dakota;
migrates south through eastern Mexico in San Luis Potosi,
Oaxaca, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatan, Quintana
Roo, and Chiapas; Cuba and Bahamas (casual) ; winters
from southern Texas through eastern Mexico, Guatemala,
E] Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Panama.

GENUS PLATYCICHLA BAIRD

Platycichla Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 32. Type,
by original designation, Platycichla brevipes Baird
= Turdus flavipes Vieillot.

PLATYCICHLA FLAVIPES

.Platycichla flavipes venezuelensis (Sharpe)
Merula venezuelensis Sharpe, 1902, in Seebohm, Monog.
Turdidae, 2, p. 88 — Venezuela [= vicinity of Caracas;
vide Hellmayr, 1934, ibid., p. 427].
Colombia in Santa Marta and the east slope of the eastern
Andes in Norte de Santander; northern and western Vene-
zuela to the Gran Sabana and Alto Paragua.

~ Platycichla flavipes melanopleura (Sharpe)
Merula melanopleura Sharpe, 1902, in Seebohm, Monog.
Turdidae, 2, p. 87, pl. 108, fig. 2 — Trinidad.
Northeast Venezuela in Anzodtegui, Sucre, Monagas, and
Margarita Island; Trinidad.

Platycichla flavipes xanthoscelus (Jardine)
Turdus xanthoscelus Jardine, 1847, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 1, 20, p. 329 — Tobago.
Tobago Island.

~Platycichla flavipes polionota (Sharpe)

Merula polionota Sharpe, 1902, in Seebohm, Monog. Tur-
didae, 2, p. 85, pl. 103, fig. 1— Roraima, British
Guiana.

Southern Venezuela (Bolivar) and British Guiana.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE nar

—— Platycichla flavipes flavipes (Vieillot)

Turdus flavipes Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 20, p. 277 — Brazil [=Rio de Janeiro; vide
Hellmayr, 1934, ibid., p. 425].

Southeastern Brazil from southern Bahia to Rio Grande

do Sul, Argentina in Misiones, and northeastern Paraguay.

PLATYCICHLA LEUCOPS

_.Platycichla leucops (Taczanowski) at

Turdus leucops Taczanowski, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-

don, p. 331 — Ropaybamba, Peru.

Colombian Andes, except Santa Marta range; Venezuela
in western Lara and isolated mountains in Miranda, Boli-
var, and southern Amazonas; British Guiana, northern
Brazil (Rio Padauiri), Ecuador, Peru south to Marcapata,
and Bolivia in La Paz and Santa Cruz.

GENUS TURDUS LINNAEUS

Turdus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 168. Type,
by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds,
p. 27), Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus.

Merula Leach, 1816, Syst. Cat. Spec. Mamm. Birds Brit.
Mus., p. 20. Type, by monotypy, Merula nigra Leach
= Turdus merula Linnaeus.

Arceuthornis Kaup, 1829, Skizz. Entw. Europ. Thierw.,
p. 93. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1842,
List Gen. Birds, app., p. 8), Turdus pilaris Linnaeus,

Ixocossyphus Kaup, 1829, ibid., p. 145. Type, by original
designation, Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus.

Planesticus Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 38, p. 3. Type, by subsequent designation (Baird,
1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 12), Turdus lereboulleti
Bonaparte = Turdus jamaicensis Gmelin.

Semimerula Sclater, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 332.
Type, by original designation, Tuwrdus gigas Fraser.
Mimocichla Sclater, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 336.

Type, by subsequent designation (Baird, 1864, Rev.

178 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Amer. Birds, 1, p. 85), Turdus rubripes Temminck.
Psophocichla Cabanis, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 182.
Type, by original designation, Turdus strepitans Smith
= Merula litsipsirupa Smith.
Peliocichla Cabanis, 1882, Journ. f. Orn., 30, p. 318. Type,
by original designation, Twrdus pelios Bonaparte.

Streptocichla Cabanis, 1882, Journ. f. Orn., 30, p. 321.
Type, by original designation, Turdus strepitans Smith
= Merula litsipsirupa Smith.

Cossyphopsis Stejneger, 1883, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5,
p. 478. Type, by monotypy, Turdus reever Lawrence.

Haplocichla Ridgway, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
18, p. 212. Type, by monotypy, Turdus aurantius
Gmelin.

Afrocichla Roberts, 1922, ibid., p. 228. Type, by original
designation, Turdus olivaceus Linnaeus.

cf. Rensch, 1923, Journ. f. Orn., 71, pp. 95-104 (oliva-
ceus and libonyanus).
Dorst, 1950, Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 20, pp. 212-248
(review of Turdus).

TURDUS BEWSHERI

Turdus bewsheri comorensis Milne-Edwards and Oustalet

Turdus comorensis Milne-Edwards and Oustalet, 1885,
Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 101, p. 221 — Grand
Comoro.

Grand Comoro Island, Comoro Islands.

Turdus bewsheri moheliensis Benson

Turdus bewsheri moheliensis Benson, 1960, Ibis, 103b, p.
76 — Nioumachoua, Moheli.

Moheli Island, Comoro Islands.

Turdus bewsheri bewsheri Newton

Turdus bewsheri Newton, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 299, pl. 834 — Anjouan Island.

Anjouan Island, Comoro Islands.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 179

TURDUS OLIVACEOFUSCUS

Turdus olivaceofuscus olivaceofuscus Hartlaub
Turdus olivaceofuscus Hartlaub, 1852, Abh. Geb. Naturw.
Hamburg, 2 (2), p. 49, pl. 3 — Sao Tomé.
Sao Tomé Island, Gulf of Guinea.

Turdus olivaceofuscus xanthorhynchus Salvadori
Turdus xanthorhynchus Salvadori, 1901, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Anat. Comp. Torino, 16, no. 414, p. 2 — Principe.
Principe Island, Gulf of Guinea.

TURDUS OLIVACEUS

_—~Turdus olivaceus chiguancoides Seebohm
Turdus chiguancoides Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus., 5, p. 231 — plains of the Gambia River.
P.(eliocichla) cryptopyrrha Cabanis, 1882, Journ. f. Orn.,
30, p. 320 — Casamanze, Gambia River.
West Africa in Senegal, Portuguese Guinea, Guinea,
Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ivory Coast; merging into satu-
ratus in western Ghana.

_Turdus olivaceus saturatus (Cabanis)

P.(eliocichla) saturata Cabanis, 1882, Journ. f. Orn., 30,
p. 820—Camerun and Chinchoxo [= Duala, vide
Rensch, 19238, Journ. £Orn:, 71, p= 97\.

Turdus tessmanni Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn., 69, p.
49 — Bosum (Kamerun).

Western Ghana, where intergrades with chiguancoides,
east through Nigeria, Cameroons (except upper slopes of
Mount Cameroon and Adamawa lowlands), Rio Muni (?),
Gabon, and Congo from the bend of the Ubangi south to

the Lower Congo River and east in the middle Congo area
to northern Kasai (7).

Turdus olivaceus adamauae Grote

Turdus libonyanus adamauae Grote, 1922, Journ. f. Orn.,
70, p. 404 — Badda (Adamawa, North Kamerun).
Northern Cameroon, north of Yola, Nigeria.

180 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Turdus olivaceus nigrilorum Reichenow |
Turdus nigrilorum Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p.
194 — Buea, Cameroon Mountain.
Cameroon Mountain, above 2,500 feet.

Turdus olivaceus poensis Alexander
Turdus poensis Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
13, p. 37 — Bakaki.
Fernando Po Island, Gulf of Guinea.

{| - Turdus olivaceus bocagei (Cabanis)
P.(eliocichla) Bocagei Cabanis, 1882, Journ. f. Orn., 30,
p. 820 — Angola.
Congo, in southern Kasai west to Kwango, and south in
northern Angola and the Benguela highlands.

= . . e
“Turdus olivaceus centralis Reichenow

Turdus pelios centralis Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, p.
690 — Wadelai on Bahr el Jebel, vide Chapin, 1953,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75.A, p. 587.

Turdus icterorhynchus “Pr. Wiirt” = Emin, 1894, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 601 — Ipoto.

Turdus albipectus Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16,
p. 191— Mboga, near lower Semliki River.

Upper Congo in the Uele east in Uganda to Mount Elgon,
south to Kivu Volcanos and as far as Lake Kivu (?); ex-
treme southern Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia, and north-
western Kenya.

~~ Turdus olivaceus pelios Bonaparte

Turdus pelios Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p.
273 — ex Asia centrali [= Fazoglu (Fazughli, Sudan),
vide Rensch, 1923, Journ. f. Orn., 71, p. 99].

Sudan south of lat. 14° N., except southern Equatoria;

Ethiopia in the central and northwestern areas, and Eritrea.

Turdus olivaceus graueri Neumann
Turdus graueri Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21,
p. 56 — Nsasa, southeastern Ruanda.
Turdus pelios ubendeensis Moreau, 1944, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 64, p. 65— Upper Nyamansi River, Ushamba
area of Ubende, western Tanganyika.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 181

Extreme eastern Congo and Ruanda from Bukoba and
Lake Burigi south to the northern end of Lake Tanganyika
and the Ubende district of Tanganyika.

——Turdus olivaceus stormsi Hartlaub
Turdus stormsi Hartl.(aub), 1886, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Belg. 4, p. 148, pl. 3— Mpala (on west shore of Lake
Tanganyika).
Southeast Congo in Katanga, northern Mwinilunga Dis-
trict of Northern Rhodesia, adjacent Angola, and south and
west shores of Lake Tanganyika.

Turdus olivaceus williami White
Turdus olivaceus williami White, 1949, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 69, p. 57 — Kansoku Forest, Mwinilunga, North-
ern Rhodesia.
Northern Rhodesia, except northern part of Mwinilunga
District.

Turdus olivaceus swynnertoni Bannerman
Turdus swynnertoni Bannerman, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 31, p. 56 — Chirinda Forest.
Eastern border of southern Rhodesia.

Turdus olivaceus transvaalensis (Roberts)
Afrocichla olivacea transvaalensis Roberts, 1936, Ostrich,

7, p. 109 — Woodbush Forest Reserve, Transvaal.
Northern Transvaal.

_ Turdus olivaceus smithi Bonaparte

T.(urdus) smithi Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 274 — “ex Afr. mer.” ; new name for Merula obscura
Smith, nec T. obscurus Gmelin.

Turdus Cabanisi Cabanis (ex Bonaparte MS), 1851, Mus.
Hein., 1; p. 3 — Kafterland.

South Africa from Little Namaqualand, central and

northern Cape Province, Orange Free State to western
and southern Transvaal, and Ngamiland.

—~Turdus olivaceus olivaceus Linnaeus
Turdus olivaceus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1,

p. 292 — Cape of Good Hope.

Southwestern Cape Province east to Grahamstown, South
Africa.

182 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Turdus olivaceus pondoensis Reichenow
Turdus pondoensis Reichenow, 1917, Journ. f. Orn., 65,
p. 391 — Pondoland in southeast Africa.
Cape Province from Transkei north through Natal and
Swaziland.
TURDUS ABYSSINICUS

~Turdus abyssinicus abyssinicus Gmelin

Turdus abyssinicus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p.
824 — Abyssinia.

Merula elgonensis Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 445 — Mount
Elgon.

Planesticus olivaceus polius Mearns, 1913, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 61 (10), p. 2— Mount Lololokui, 6,000 ft., north
of the Northern Guaso Nyiro River.

Turdus olivaceus chyuluensis van Someren, 1989, Journ.
East Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 75 — Chyulu
Camp 3, 5,600 ft., Chyulu Range, Kenya.

Ethiopia, including Eritrea, south in the western Kenya

highlands, and northeastern Tanganyika at Loliondo and
Olonoti.

~~ Turdus abyssinicus baraka (Sharpe)

Merula baraka Sharpe, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14,
p. 19 — Ruwenzori.
Merula johnstoni Sharpe, 1906, Ibis, p. 543 — Entebbe.
Turdus sylvestris Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16,
p. 191 — Bugoye Forest.
Eastern Congo in Ruwenzori hills, west and northwest
of Lake Albert; western and southern Uganda to Entebbe.

Turdus abyssinicus deckeni Cabanis
Turdus Deckeni Cabanis, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., 16, p. 412
— East Africa [= Kilimanjaro, vide Reichenow, 1894,
Vog. Deutsch-Ost-Afr., p. 233].
Northeast Tanganyika in the Kilimanjaro area.

Turdus abyssinicus oldeani Sclater and Moreau
Turdus olivaceus oldeani Sclater and Moreau, 1935, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 56, p. 18 — Oldeani Forest, 6,500 ft.,
Mbulu District, Tanganyika.
Northeast Tanganyika around Ngorongoro and Mounts
Meru, Gerui, and Ufiome.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 183

Turdus abyssinicus bambusicola Neumann

Turdus olivaceus bambusicola Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit.

Orn. Club, 21, p. 56 — Bamboo Forest, 2,300-2,400 m.,
western Kivu Volcanos.

Highlands of the Kivu District, eastern Congo; Ruanda;
and mountains northwest of Lake Tanganyika.

—Turdus abyssinicus roehli Reichenow
Turdus roehli Reichenow, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p.
182 — Mlalo, near Lushota, Usambara Mountains.

Northeast Tanganyika from north Pare to Usambara
Mountains.

- ~Turdus abyssinicus nyikae Reichenow
Turdus nyikae Reichenow, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12, p.
95 — Nyika Plateau, northern Nyasaland.
Turdus milanjensis uluguru Hartert, 1923, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 44, p. 6 — Bagito, Uluguru Mountains, Tan-
ganyika.

Highlands of central Tanganyika south to northern Ny-
asaland; extreme northeast Northern Rhodesia in the
Mafinga Mountains, and Nyika Plateau, Nyasaland.

Turdus abyssinicus milanjensis Shelley

Turdus milanjensis Shelley, 18938, Ibis, p. 12 — Mlanje
Plateau, 6,000 ft., southern Nyasaland.

Southern Nyasaland from Dedza south to Mlanje and
Cholo; Mozambique.

TURDUS HELLERI
~Turdus helleri (Mearns)

Planesticus helleri Mearns, 1913, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 61

no. 10, p. 1 — Mount Mbololo, east of Mount Kiliman-
jaro, southeastern Kenya.

Taita hills area of southeastern Kenya.

TURDUS LIBONYANUS
— Turdus libonyanus verrauxi Bocage

Turdus Verrauxi Barboza du Bocage, 1869, Jorn. Sci.
Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 3, p. 341 — Caconda.

184 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Peliocichla Schuetti Cabanis, 1882, Journ. f. Orn., 30, p.
319 — Malange, Angola.
Kasai, southern Congo, south through Angola, to north-
ern Damaraland, South West Africa.

Turdus libonyanus chobiensis (Roberts)

Peliocichla libonyanus chobiensis Roberts, 1932, Ann.
Transvaal Mus., 15, p. 29 — Kabulabula, Chobe River,
Bechuanaland.

Bechuanaland in Ngamiland and adjacent South West
Africa, Northern Rhodesia in Barotseland and Balovale
District, and Southern Rhodesia in northwestern Matabele-
land.

Turdus libonyanus libonyanus (Smith)
Merula libonyanus Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr.
Africa, p. 45—near Kurrichane, western Transvaal.
Eastern Bechuanaland and Transvaal; winters into north-
ern Natal.

Turdus libonyanus peripheris Clancey
Turdus libonyanus peripheris Clancey, 1952, Bonn. Zool.
Beitr., 3, p. 17— Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South
Africa,
Central Natal.

Turdus libonyanus tropicalis Peters

Turdus tropicalis Peters, 1881, Journ. f. Orn., 29, p. 50
— Inhambane, Mozambique.

Merula cinerascens Reichenow, 1898, Orn. Monatsb., 6,
p. 82—Tabora and Kakoma, interior German East
Africa.

Turdus tephrinus Oberholser, 1921, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 34, p. 102, nom. nov. for Merula cinerascens
Reichenow, nec Turdus cinerascens Latham.

Turdus libonyanus costae Rensch, 1928, Journ. f. Orn.,
71, p. 99 — Magogoni on the lower Ruvu, Tanganyika.

Turdus libonyanus niassae Rensch, 1923, Journ. f. Orn.,
71, p. 100 — Somba, Nyasaland.

Mozambique; Southern Rhodesia, except Matabeleland;

Nyasaland, Tanganyika, and southeast Congo.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 185

TURDUS TEPHRONOTUS
_.Turdus tephronotus Cabanis

Turdus tephronotus Cabanis, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26, p
205, 218, pl. 3, fig. 2 — Tiva River and Ndi, Taita.
Turdus tephronotus australoabyssinicus Benson, 1942

Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 63, p. 138 — near Yavello, southern
Abyssinia.

Central Ethiopia and Somalia south to Kenya, from the

Endoto Mountains and Taita east to the coast, south to

Mount Kilimanjaro and the Dodoma District, eastern Tan-
ganyika.

TURDUS MENACHENSIS
Turdus menachensis Ogilvie-Grant
Turdus menachensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn
Club, 31, p. 86 — Menacha, Yemen.
Yemen and Asir Tihama, southern Saudi Arabia

TURDUS LUDOVICIAE
_-<~Turdus ludoviciae (Phillips)

Merula ludoviciae Phillips, 1895, Bull. Brit, One. Club,
4, p. 86 — Somaliland (Darass).

Northern plateau of Somalia, in the Golis hills and War-
sangeli escarpment.

TURDUS LITSIPSIRUPA
~— Turdus litsipsirupa simensis (Riippell)

Merula (Turdus) simensis Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelt

Vogel, p. 81, pl. 29, fig. 1 — Angetkat, northern Abys-
sinia.

Highlands of Ethiopia east to Eritrea, south to Gardulla
and the Kullo District.

—— Turdus litsipsirupa litsipsirupa (Smith)

Merula litsipsirupa A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr.
Africa, p. 45— between the Orange River and the
Tropic.

South Africa in Cape Province from Colesburg and the

northeast Cape, Orange Free State, Natal, and Zululand
to eastern Bechuanaland, Transvaal, Southern Rhodesia,

186 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Northern Rhodesia in Balovali District and Barotseland,
Swaziland, and southern Mozambique.

Turdus litsipsirupa pauciguttatus Clancey
Turdus litsipsirupa pauciguttatus Clancey, 1956, Durban
Mus. Novit., 4, p. 290— Okahandja, Damaraland,
South West Africa.
South West Africa in northern Great Namaqualand,
Damaraland, the Kaokoveld, Ovamboland, and northwest-
ern Bechuanaland, as well as southern Angola (?).

~~ Turdus litsipsirupa stierlingi (Reichenow)
Geocichla litsipsirupa stierlingi Reichenow, 1900, Orn.
Monatsb., 8, p. 5 — Iringa.
Turdus simensis késteri Neumann, 1929, Orn. Monatsb.,
37, p. 177 — Chipepe, Bailundo, Angola.

Congo in Katanga north to Kabalo on the Lualaba and
the Lomani District; Marungu; northern Angola; Northern
Rhodesia, except the range of litsipsirupa; Nyasaland west
of the Rift; and western and south-central Tanganyika.

TURDUS DISSIMILIS

—Turdus dissimilis dissimilis Blyth
T.(urdus) dissimilis Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 16, p. 144 — lower Bengal.
Turdus protomomelas Cabanis, 1867, Journ. f. Orn., 15,
p. 286 — Himalaya.
East Pakistan, India (Assam), Burma, Yunnan, extreme
northern Thailand, northeastern Laos and Tonkin, North
Vietnam.

Turdus dissimilis hortulorum Sclater
Turdus hortulorum Sclater, 1863, Ibis, p. 196 — Camoéns
Garden, Macao.

Eastern Siberia in Yakutia south to the Amur, Manchu-
ria, Ussuriland, and probably northern Korea; migrates in
Manchuria, Korea, Quelpart Island, and China; winters in
southeast China, North Vietnam in Tonkin, and South Viet-
nam in North Annam; straggler to Japan on Honshu and
to Formosa.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 187

TURDUS UNICOLOR

2 —~Turdus unicolor Tickell
T.(urdus) unicolor T.(ickell), 1833, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 2, p. 577 — Bansigar in Borabhim.
Turdus unicolor subbicolor Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Exploration, no. 1, p. 12 — Mawphlang, Khasi
Hills.

Breeds in West Pakistan and India from Chitral and
Kashmir east to the Nepal valley, and possibly Sikkim;
winters in the plains from the northwest to Assam and
south to the Eastern Ghats of Andhra.

TURDUS CARDIS

_-— Turdus cardis Temminck pe
Turdus cardis Temminck, 1831, Pl. Col., livr. 87, pl. 518
— Japan.

Turdus cardis lateus Thayer and Bangs, 1909, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 52, p. 140 — Ichang, Hupeh, China.

Turdus cardis merulinus Stresemann, 1929, Orn. Mo-

natsb., 37, p. 140 — Yao-shan, Kwangsi.

Breeds in Japan on Hokkaido, Honshu, and Shikoku;
Yangtze valley in China, in Kweichow, Hupeh, and Anhwei;
straggler to Sakhalin, Korea, and Quelpart Island; mi-
grates in southern Japan and Riu Kiu Islands; winters in
southeastern China in Yunnan, Hainan Island, North Viet-
nam in Tonkin, South Vietnam in Annam, and Laos.

TURDUS ALBOCINCTUS

_——Turdus albocinctus Royle

Turdus Albicollis Royle, 1839, Illus. Bot. Himalayan
Mountains, 2 (1835), pl. 8, fig. 3 — Himalayas, nec Tur-
dus albicollis Vieillot, 1818.

T.(urdus) albocinctus Royle, 1840, Illus. Bot. Himalayan
Mountains, 1 (1839), pp. 77-78, applied to plate of T.
albicollis (nec T. albicollis Vieillot) — ‘‘Hills’” [= Hi-
malayas; restricted to Dehra Dun by Ripley, 1961, Syn-
opsis Birds India Pakistan, p. 531].

Indian Himalayas and Nepal east to southeastern Tibet

and southwestern Sikang; straggling in winter to the Assam
foothills and northern Burma (Hukawng Valley).

188 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

TURDUS TORQUATUS

_— Turdus torquatus torquatus Linnaeus

Turdus torquatus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p.
170 — Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910,
Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 663.

Europe from Scandinavia across to northwestern Russia,
south through Baltic islands and British Isles and Ireland
to northern France; migrates in western and central Europe
and the Faeroe Islands; winters in the Mediterranean region
from Portugal and northwestern Africa east to Greece.

-—— Turdus torquatus alpestris (Brehm)

Merula alpestris Br.(ehm), 1831, Naturg. Vog. Deutsch.,
p. 387 — Alpine Tyrol.

High elevations of central and eastern Europe from
southern Germany, southern Poland, Czechoslovakia, and
western Ukraine south to eastern and central France, Spain,
Portugal, Italy, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Cyprus (one
record); may breed in Greece (Mt. Alibotush) ; winters at
lower elevations and south to Mediterranean islands, west-
ern Turkey, Algeria, and Tunisia; straggler to England,
Lebanon, and Sinai Peninsula.

_-Turdus torquatus amicorum Hartert

M.(erula) torquata orientalis Seebohm, 1888, Ibis, p.
311 — Caucasus and Persia; restricted to Kislovodsk
by Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 664, nec Turdus
orientalis Gmelin, 1789.

Turdus torquatus amicorum Hartert, 1923, Vég. pal.
Fauna, Nachtrag, p. 57, nom. nov. for Merula torquata
orientalis Seebohm, preoccupied.

Turdus torquatus caucasicus Collin and Hartert, 1927,
Novit. Zool., 34, p. 52, nom. nov. for Merula torquatus
orientalis Seebohm, preoccupied.

Turkey in eastern Anatolia, Caucasus, and northern Iran

to Kopet Dagh in Transcaspia; winters to southern Iran;
straggler to Sinai Peninsula.

TURDUS BOULBOUL

__—- Turdus boulboul (Latham)
Lanius boulboul Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 80 —

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 189

India; restricted to Darjeeling by Baker, 1924, Fauna
Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 130.

Turdus boulboul yaoschanensis Yen, 1932, Bull. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Paris, 4, p. 380 — Yaoschan, 700-2,000 m., Kwang-
si.

Himalayas of West Pakistan, India, and Nepal to Yun-

nan, Laos, North Vietnam in Tonkin, and China in Kwang-
si; winters in northern Burma and Thailand (rarely).

TURDUS MERULA

__—— Turdus merula merula Linnaeus

Turdus Merula Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 170
—in EKuropae sylvis; restricted to Sweden by Hartert,
1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 665.

Turdus riidigeri Kleinschmidt, 1919, Falco, 14, no. 2, p.
15 — Chambley, eastern France.

Turdus merula ticehurstt Clancey, 1938, Ibis, p. 750 —
Darnley, east Renfrewshire, Scotland.

Turdus merula mallorcae Jordans, 1950, Syll. Biol., Leip-
zig, p. 172 — Arta, Mallorca.

Western Europe from Scandinavia, Finland, and Russia
to the Urals, south to British Isles, Portugal, Spain, Ba-
learic and western Mediterranean islands, France, Italy,
and Yugoslavia; grading into mauwritanicus in southern
Spain and the Balearics, and into aterrimus in southeastern
Europe; straggler to Spitsbergen, Jan Mayen, Bear Island,
Faeroes, Iceland, Greenland, Malta, and Egypt; introduced
in New Zealand and associated islands.

—— . Turdus merula azorensis Hartert

Turdus merula azorensis Hartert, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12,
p. 116 — south of Santa Cruz, Graciosa, Azores.
Azore Islands.

_— Turdus merula cabrerae Hartert

Turdus merula cabrerae Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p.
313 — Tenerife.

Turdus merula agnetae Volsge, 1949, Dansk Orn. For.
Tidskr., 43, p. 82 — Cubo de Galga, La Palma, Canary
Islands.

Madeira and western Canary Islands.

190 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—Turdus merula mauritanicus Hartert

Turdus merula mauritanicus Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool.,
9, p. 823 — Mhoiwla, near Mazagan, Morocco.

Merula algira Madarasz, 19038, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hungarici,
1, p. 559 — Bone, Algeria.

Northwestern Africa from Morocco to Tunisia.

Turdus merula aterrimus (Madarasz)
Merula aterrima Madarasz, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p.
186 — Vladikavkaz, northern Caucasus.

Southeastern Europe, intergrading with merula in north-
ern Yugoslavia, southern Ukraine, and Crimea; south in Ru-
mania, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, and Aegean Islands (ex-
cept insularum), east to Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and
northern Iran; winters south in Crete, Rhodes, and Cyprus.

Turdus merula insularum Niethammer

Turdus merula insularum Niethammer, 19438, Anz. Akad.
Wis. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss., 80, no. 3, p. 8 — Sama-
ria, Crete.

Islands of Crete, Rhodes, Mytilene, Samos, Icaria, and

Andros (?).

~Turdus merula syriacus Hemprich and Ehrenberg
Turdus Merula var. syriaca Hemprich and Ehrenberg,
1833, Symb. Phys. Avium, fol. bb — Syria [= Leba-
non, vide Kumerloeve, 1962, Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus. Publ.,
no, 20; p.30),.

Southern Turkey in Cilician Taurus (intergrades with
aterrimus), Lebanon, Syria, and Israel east in northern
Iraq to western and southern Iran; winter straggler to
northern Egypt (Damietta).

Turdus merula intermedius (Richmond)

Merula merula intermedia Richmond, 1896, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 18, p. 585 — Aksu, Eastern Turkestan.
Turdus merula brodkorbi Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 67 — Farakar, Afghanistan.
Tadzhikistan and Kirghizstan, northeastern Afghanistan,
and Pamirs east to Sinkiang; winters in southern Afghan-
istan and southern Iraq, perhaps reaching West Pakistan
(Quetta and Peshawar, sight records?).

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 191

Turdus merula maximus (Seebohm)

Merula maxima Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 5,
p. 405— Kashmir [=Gulmarg, vide Meinertzhagen,
1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 99].

Turdus merula buddae R. and A. Meinertzhagen, 1926,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 98 — Gyangtse, southern
Tibet.

West Pakistan, from Safed Kohs (?), and India from

Kashmir east to Garhwal (?), alpine Sikkim, Bhutan, and
southeastern Tibet.

Turdus merula sowerbyi Deignan

Turdus merula sowerbyi Deignan, 1951, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 64, p. 185— Loshan (Kiating), Szech-
wan Province, China.

Szechwan Province, China.

‘ Turdus merula mandarinus Bonaparte
T.(urdus) mandarinus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1
(1850), p. 275 — Asia or China [= Amoy to Shanghai;
vide Swinhoe, 1860, Ibis, p. 56].
Turdus wulsini Riley, 1925, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
38, p. 115 — Hingi (Hwangtsaopa).
Kweichow, China.

——Turdus merula nigropileus (Lafresnaye)

Merula nigropileus Lafresnaye, 1840, Rev. Zool. [Paris],
p. 65 — Nilgiris; restricted to Kalhatti, northern Nil-
giri Plateau, by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc:, 49, p. 50.

Turdus simillimus mahrattensis Whistler and Kinnear,
1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 76 — Ma-
hableshwar.

India in the Western Ghats from Gujarat south to Mala-
bar, Mysore, and northern edge of Nilgiri Plateau east in
Andhra to Nallamalai Hills; wanders south in winter to

- Kerala.

Turdus merula spencei Whistler and Kinnear

Turdus simillimus spencet Whistler and Kinnear, 19382,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 77 — Jeypore
Agency.

192 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Eastern India in the Eastern Ghats from Madhya Pra-
desh south to the Seshachalam Hills in Andhra.

— Turdus merula simillimus Jerdon

Turdus simillimus Jerdon, 1839, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci.,
10, p. 253 — Nilgiris; restricted to Avalanche, higher
southern Nilgiri Plateau, by Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bom-
bay Nat. Hist. Soc., 49, p. 51.

Western Madras and Mysore in central and southern

Nilgiri Plateau, Brahmagiris south to Palni Hills, where
intergrades with bourdilloni.

Turdus merula bourdilloni (Seebohm)

Merula bourdillonit Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
5, p. 251 — Travancore [= Colathoorpolay Patnas, Tra-
vancore, vide Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bom-
bay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 76].

Kerala in the Palni and Nelliampathi hills, where inter-

grades with simillimus, south to the tip of the hill ranges.

~Turdus merula kinnisii (Kelaart)
Merula Kinnisii Kelaart, 1851, in Blyth, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 20, p. 177 — Newera Elia.
Hills of Ceylon.

TURDUS POLIOCEPHALUS

Turdus poliocephalus erythropleurus Sharpe
Turdus erythropleurus Sharpe, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 515 — Christmas Island.
Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, and Cocos-Keeling Is-
lands (introduced).

Turdus poliocephalus loeseri de Schauensee

Turdus javanicus léseri de Schauensee, 19389 (June 12),
Notulae Naturae, no. 18, p. 1— Blangbeké, 6,940 ft.,
Acheen, north Sumatra.

Turdus javanicus hoogerwerfi Chasen, 1939 (July), Treu-
bia, 17, p. 137 — Mount Leuser, 3,000 m., Atjeh, north
Sumatra.

Mountains of north Sumatra.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 193

Turdus poliocephalus indrapurae Robinson and Kloss
Turdus indrapurae Robinson and Kloss, 1916, Journ.
Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., no. 78, p. 277 —
Korinchi Peak, 10,000 ft., west Sumatra.
Mountains of southwestern central Sumatra.

Turdus poliocephalus biesenbachi Stresemann
Turdus javanicus biesenbachi Stresemann, 1930, Orn.
Monatsb., 38, p. 149— Mount Papandajan, 2,600 m.
Mount Papandajan, western Java.

._—Turdus poliocephalus fumidus Miiller
Turdus (Merula) fumidus S. Miiller, 1848, Verh. Nat.
Gesch. Land Volk, p. 201 — Mount Gedeh.
Mount Gedeh and Mount Pangerango, western Java.

Turdus poliocephalus stresemanni Bartels
Turdus javanicus stresemanni Bartels, 1938, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 46, p. 113 — Mount Lawoe, ca. 2,000 m.
Mount Lawoe, central Java.

——Turdus poliocephalus javanicus Horsfield
Turdus Javanicus Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don, 13, p. 148 —central Java; restricted to Mount
Tjerimai by Stresemann, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p.
149.
Central Java.

Turdus poliocephalus whiteheadi (Seebohm)
Merula whiteheadi Seebohm, 1893, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
1, p. 25 — near Tozari, 7,000 ft., eastern Java.
Mountains of eastern Java.

_—Turdus poliocephalus seebohmi (Sharpe)
Merula seebohmi Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 386 — Kinabalu,
northern Borneo.
Mounts Kinabalu and Trus Madi, northern Borneo.

~— Turdus poliocephalus niveiceps (Hellmayr)
Turdus albiceps Swinhoe, 1864, Ibis, p. 863 — Formosa.
Planesticus niveiceps Hellmayr, 1919, Verh. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 14, p. 133, nom. nov. for Turdus albiceps Swin-

194 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

hoe, nec Turdus albiceps Pucheran = Cossypha albi-
capilla (Vieillot).
Mountains of Formosa; Botel Tobago (?).

~~~ Turdus poliocephalus thomassoni (Seebohm)
Merula thomassoni Seebohm, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
3, p. 51 — mountains of northern Luzon.
Mountains of northern Luzon, Philippines.

Turdus policcephalus mayonensis (Mearns)

Merula mayonensis Mearns, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci.,
2, sec. A, p. 358 — Mount Mayon, 4,000 ft., Albay Prov-
ince, Luzon.

Mountains of southern Luzon, Philippines.

Turdus poliocephalus mindorensis Ogilvie-Grant
Turdus mindorensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1896, Ibis, p. 465 —
Mindoro.
Mountains of Mindoro, Philippines.

_—Turdus poliocephalus nigrorum Ogilvie-Grant
Turdus nigrorum Ogilvie-Grant, 1896, Ibis, p. 544 — vol-
cano of Canloon, Negros.
Mountains of Negros, Philippines.

Turdus poliocephalus malindangensis (Mearns)

Merula malindangensis Mearns, 1907, Philippine Journ.
Sci., 2, sec. A, p. 8357 — Mount Malindang, Lebo Peak,
5,750 ft., northwestern Mindanao.

Mount Malindang, northwest Mindanao, Philippines.

Turdus poliocephalus katanglad Salomonsen
Turdus poliocephalus katanglad Salomonsen, 1953, Vi-
densk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 227 —
Mount Katanglad, 1,450 m., Bukidnon Province, central
Mindanao.
Mount Katanglad, central Mindanao, Philippines.

Turdus poliocephalus kelleri (Mearns)
Merula kellert Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
18, p. 6 — Mount Apo, 6,000 ft., southern Mindanao.
Mount Apo, southeastern Mindanao, Philippines.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 195

—— Turdus poliocephalus hygroscopus Stresemann
Turdus celebensis hygroscopus Stresemann, 1931, Orn.
Monatsb., 39, p. 44 — Latimodjong Mountains, 2,800 m.
Latimodjong Mountains, southern Celebes.

Turdus poliocephalus celebensis (Biittikofer)
Merula celebensis Biittikofer, 1898, Notes Leyden Mus.,
15, p. 109 — district of Macassar.
Bonthain Peak and Wawa Kareng, southwestern Celebes.

Turdus poliocephalus schlegelii Sclater
Turdus schlegelii Sclater, 1861, Ibis, p. 280 — Timor [=
western Timor, vide Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist.;.83, p= 1554.
Mount Mutis, western Timor.

Turdus poliocephalus sterlingi Mayr

Turdus poliocephalus sterlingi Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, pp. 185, 155 — Mount Ramelan,
2,600 m., Portugese Timor.

Mount Ramelan, eastern Timor.

Turdus poliocephalus deningeri Stresemann

Turdus deningeri Stresemann, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
31, p. 4 — Gunung Pinaia, 7,500 ft., Ceram.
Mountains of Ceram.

Turdus poliocephalus versteegi Junge

Turdus poliocephalus versteegi Junge, 19389, Nova Guinea,
(n.s.), 3, p. 8 — Kajan Mountains (Oranje Range).
Oranje Mountains, West New Guinea.

Turdus poliocephalus carbonarius Mayr and Gilliard

Turdus poliocephalus carbonarius Mayr and Gilliard,

1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1524, p. 7 — Mount Wil-
Im, Bismarck Mountains, central highlands, Man-
ated Territory of New Guinea.

Turdus poliocephalus erebus Mayr and Gilliard, 1952,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1577, p. 7, nom. nov. for Turdus
poliocephalus carbonarius Mayr and Gilliard, nec Tur-
dus carbonarius Lichtenstein = Platycichla flavipes
Vieillot.

Bismarck Mountains, Territory of New Guinea.

196 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Turdus poliocephalus keysseri Mayr
Turdus poliocephalus keyssert Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool.
Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 692— Mongi-Busu, Saruwaged
Mountains.
Saruwaged Mountains, Huon Peninsula, Territory of
New Guinea.

_— Turdus poliocephalus papuensis (De Vis)

Merula papuensis De Vis, 1890, Ann. Rept. British New
Guinea, 1888-89, p. 60 — Mount Victoria, southeastern
New Guinea [reference not verified].

Mountains of southeastern New Guinea.

Turdus poliocephalus canescens (De Vis)

Merula canescens De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rept. British New
Guinea, 1893-94, p. 105 — Goodenough Island [refer-
ence not verified].

Goodenough Island, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago.

Turdus poliocephalus heinrothi Rothschild and Hartert

Turdus melanarius heinrothi Rothschild and Hartert,
1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 53 — St. Matthias
Island.

St. Matthias (Mussau) Island, Bismarck Archipelago.

Turdus poliocephalus bougainvillei Mayr

Turdus poliocephalus bougainvillei Mayr, 1941, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1152, p. 6 — Bougainville Island.
Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands.

Turdus poliocephalus kulambangrae Mayr

Turdus poliocephalus kulambangrae Mayr, 1941, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1152, p. 6 — Kulambangra Island.
Kulambangra Island, Solomon Islands.

Turdus poliocephalus sladeni Cain and Galbraith

Turdus poliocephalus sladeni Cain and Galbraith, 1955,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 75, p. 92 — near Turipava,a4,100
ft., mountains of Guadalcanal.

Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands.

Turdus poliocephalus rennellianus Mayr

Turdus poliocephalus rennellianus Mayr, 1931, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 486, p. 21 — Rennell Island.
Rennell Island, Solomon Islands.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 197

Turdus poliocephalus vanikorensis Quoy and Gaimard
Turdus vanikorensis Quoy and Gaimard, 18380, Voy. As-
trolabe, Zool., 1, p. 188, pl. 7, fig. 2— Vanikoro.
Vanikoro and Utupua Islands, Santa Cruz Islands and
Espiritu Santo and Malo, New Hebrides.

Turdus poliocephalus placens Mayr
Turdus poliocephalus placens Mayr, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1152, p. 5 — Vanua Lava Island, Banks Is-
lands.
Ureparapara (Bligh) and Vanua Lava Islands, Banks
Islands.

Turdus poliocephalus whitneyi Mayr
Turdus poliocephalus whitneyi Mayr, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1152, p. 5 — Gaua Island, Banks Islands.
Santa Maria (Gaua) Island, Banks Islands.

Turdus poliocephalus malekulae Mayr
Turdus poliocephalus malekulae Mayr, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1152, p. 5— Malekula Island, New Heb-
rides.
Pentecost, Malekula, and Ambrim Islands, New Hebrides.

Turdus poliocephalus becki Mayr
Turdus poliocephalus becki Mayr, 1941, Amer. Mus. No-
vit., no. 1152, p. 4 — Mai Island, New Hebrides.
Paama, Lopevi, Epi, and Emae (Mai) Islands, New Heb-
rides.

Turdus poliocephalus efatensis Mayr
Turdus poliocephalus efatensis Mayr, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1152, p. 4 — Efate Island, New Hebrides.
Efate (Vate) and Nguna Islands, New Hebrides.

Turdus poliocephalus albifrons (Ramsay)

Merula albifrons Ramsay, 1879, Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales, 3, p. 336 — mountainous parts of Ero-
manga, New Hebrides.

Eromanga (Erromango) Island, New Hebrides.

— Turdus poliocephalus pritzbueri Layard

Turdus Pritzbueri Layard, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 5, 1, p. 374 — Lifu, New Caledonia.

198 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Tana (Tanna) Island, New Hebrides and Lifu Island,
Loyalty Islands.

__—Turdus poliocephalus mareensis Layard and Tristram /; «.

Turdus mareensis Layard and Tristram, 1879, Ibis, p.—
472 — Maré.

Merula mareensis larochensis Sarasin, 1913, Vogel Neu-
Caladonien Loyalty-Inseln, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1
(1), p. 42 — Maré.

Maré Island, Loyalty Islands.

Turdus poliocephalus xanthopus Forster
Turdus xanthopus J. R. Forster, 1844, Descr. Anim., p.
266 — New Caledonia.
New Caledonia.

— Turdus poliocephalus poliocephalus Latham
Turdus poliocephalus Latham, 1801, Index Orn., suppl.,
p. 44 — Norfolk Island.
Norfolk Island.
)
/

__— Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus (Gould) / ;

Merula vinitincta Gould, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 165 — Lord Howe Island.

Lord Howe Island.

J

Turdus poliocephalus layardi (Seebohm)
Merula layardi Seebohm, 1890, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 667 — Viti Levu.
Viti Levu, Ovalau, Yasawa, and Koro Islands, Fiji Is-
lands.

Turdus poliocephalus ruficeps (Ramsay)

Merula ruficeps Ramsay, 1876 (Feb.), Proc. Linn. Soc.
New South Wales, 1, p. 43 — Fiji Islands [= Kandavu,
vide Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 5, p. 256].

Merula bicolor Layard, 1876 (April), Ibis, p. 153 — Fiji.

Kandavu Island, Fiji Islands.

Turdus poliocephalus vitiensis Layard
Turdus vitiensis Layard, 1876, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
4,17, p. 305 — Bua, Vanua Levu, Fiji Islands.
Merula vanuensis Seebohm, 1890, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 199

don, pp. 666-667, nom. nov. for Merula vitiensis Lay-
ard.
Vanua Levu Island, Fiji Islands.

Turdus poliocephalus hades Mayr
Turdus poliocephalus hades Mayr, 1941, Amer. Mus. No-
Vit:, no. 1152, p; 4—_ Neau Island, Fiji.
Ngau Island, Fiji Islands.

Turdus poliocephalus tempesti Layard
Turdus tempesti Layard, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 420 — south end of Taveuni, at Selia Levu, Vuna
Point.
Taveuni Island, Fiji Islands.

Turdus poliocephalus samoensis Tristram
Turdus samoensis Tristram, 1879, Ibis, p. 188 — Samoa
Islands.
Savaii and Upolu Islands, Samoan Islands.

TURDUS CHRYSOLAUS

—Turdus chrysolaus orii Yamashina
Turdus chrysolaus orit Yamashina, 1929, Tori, 6, no. 28,
p. 155 — Paramushir Island, northern Kurile Islands.
Northern and central Kurile Islands; winters south to
main Japanese Islands and Riu Kiu Islands (Ishigaki).

Turdus chrysolaus chrysolaus Temminck
Turdus chrysolaus Temminck, 1831, Pl. Col., livr. 87, pl.
537 — Japan.
Turdus jouyi Stejneger, 1887, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10,
p. 4— Hondo, Japan.

Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and northern Honshu; migrates
southward in Fukien, southeastern China; winters in west-
ern Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Riu Kiu Islands, southeast-
ern China, Formosa, Hainan, and northern Philippines
(Calayan, northern Luzon) ; uncommon spring and autumn
migrant in South Korea.

TURDUS CELAENOPS

__Turdus celaenops Stejneger

Turdus celaenops Stejneger, 1887, Science, 10, p. 108; also

200 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

1887, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 484 — Miyakeshima,
“The Seven Islands,” Idzu, Japan.

Merula celaenops yakushimensis Ogawa, 1905, Annot.
Zool. Japon., 5, p. 180 — Yakushima.

Merula celaenops kurodai Momiyama, 1923, Dobuts. Zas-
shi, 35, p. 404 — Hachijo, Izu Islands.

Seven Islands of Izu and Yakushima Island (status ?),

Japan; vagrant to Honshu. {

TURDUS RUBROCANUS
Turdus rubrocanus rubrocanus Hodgson

Merula castanea Gould, 1835, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
185 — Himalayas, nec Turdus castaneus Miiller, 1776.

Turdus rubrocanus “Hodgs.,” 1846, in Gray, Cat. Mamm.
Birds Nepal Thibet, p. 81 — Nepal.

Turdus gouldi cinereiceps Collin and Hartert, 1927, Novit.
Zool., 34, p. 52, nom. nov. for Turdus castaneus Gould,
preoccupied.

West Pakistan and India from the Safed Kohs, on the
Afghanistan-North West Frontier Province boundary, east
to the Kashmir hills and east to Garhwal and Nepal, Sik-
kim (?), and Bhutan (?); straggler to Assam, and Chin
Hills of Burma.

___ Turdus rubrocanus gouldi (Verreaux)

Merula Gouldi Verreaux, 1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 84 — Setchuan occidental [= Paoh-
ing, eastern Sikang].

Southeastern Tibet, Sikang, and Yunnan, east in eastern
Tsinghai, Szechwan, Kansu, and Tsinking mountains, and
Shensi; straggler to Nepal, Assam Valley, and northern
Burma (Hukawng, Northern Shan States).

TURDUS KESSLERI
—~Turdus kessleri (Przewalski)
Merula Kessleri Przewalski, 1876, Mongol. i Strana Tan-
gut., 2, p. 62, pl. 10 — Kansu [reference not verified].

China in Szechwan, eastern Tsinghai, and Kansu west to
eastern Sikang; winters to southwestern Sikang, and south-
eastern Tibet; straggler to Sikkim.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 201

TURDUS FEAE

Turdus feae (Salvadori)
Merula Feae Salvadori, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5,
p. 514 — Mulayit Mountain, Tenasserim.
Turdus subpallidus Hume, 1888, Stray Feathers, 11, p.
132 — eastern hills, Manipur.
Northern China in Hopeh, north of Peiping; winters
south in Burma irregularly and in India in southeastern
Assam rarely.

TURDUS PALLIDUS

~—-Turdus pallidus Gmelin

\

Turdus pallidus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 815
— “Sibiria, wltra lacwm Baikal.”

Northeastern Siberia from the Amur and Ussuri River
areas north; Manchuria?; migrates through Manchuria,
Shaweishan, Korea (commonly in spring, rarely in fall),
and adjacent islands, Sakhalin, Hokkaido (uncommon), Hon-
shu, and southern Japanese islands; winters from south-
central Honshu, south in Japan to Riu Kius, Formosa, and
southeastern China from the Yangtse Valley south to
Kwantung; recorded from Yunnan.

TURDUS OBSCURUS

*Turdus obscurus Gmelin

Turdus obscurus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 816
— “Sibiriae silvis, ultra lacum Baical.”

Merula subobscura Salvadori, 1889, Ann. Mus. Civ. Ge-
nova, 7, p. 413 -— Taho, Karen Hills.

Turdus obscurus buturlini Domaniewski, 1918, Compt.
Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 11, fase. 4, pp. 444, 459 —
Ascold Island [reference not verified].

Northern Siberia from the Yenisei and northeastern Al-
tai (irregular breeding), north and east to Kamchatka south
to south of Lake Baikal, northern Mongolia, and the Sayan
range; Sakhalin, Kurile Islands, and Honshu (rare breeder ;
Mount Fuji, 1930) ; migrates through Mongolia, Manchuria,
Korea and adjacent islands, Japanese Islands including Riu
Kius and China, south to winter in southeastern China and
Yunnan, Formosa, Philippines, Palau Islands, North and
South Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaya, Suma-

202 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

tra, Billiton Island, and Java; British Borneo south to
Satang Island; India in Assam, straggling west to West
Bengal, Sikkim, and Nepal; south Andaman Island; strag-
gler to Alaska (Amchitka Island), and to western Europe.

TURDUS RUFICOLLIS

—Turdus ruficollis atrogularis Jarocki

Turdus atrogularis Jarocki, 1819, Spis. Plakoéw Krol.

Warszawa, p. 14— Poland [reference not verified].

Eastern Russia across the Urals north to lat. 60° N. and
Siberia to the Yenisei basin and the lower Tunguska south
to northern Altai; hybridizing with ruficollis in middle Si-
beria from the Altai to the lower Tunguska east toward
Lake Baikal; migrates through Mongolia, Sinkiang, Kir-
ghizstan, and Tadzhikistan, northern Iran, and Afghanis-
tan; winters in Iraq (rare), southern Iran and Afghanis-
tan, West Pakistan and India along the Himalayas to Nepal,
Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, and south to East Pakistan; Indian
plains (rarely); Burma and southwestern China in Yun-
nan; straggler to western Europe including British Isles,
and in Arabia and Yemen, China in Chihli, and Riu Kiu
Islands (Ishigaki).

Turdus ruficollis ruficollis Pallas

Turdus ruficollis Pallas, 1776, Reise Versch. Prov. Russ.
Reichs, 3, p. 694 — Dauria [= Transbaicalia].

Eastern Siberia from the Altai and Sayan ranges east to
Baikal, north to lat. 60° N. on the lower Tunguska, northern
Manchuria; migrates through Mongolia, northern Man-
churia, China west to Sinkiang and south to Sikang, and
Tibet; winters from the eastern Indian Himalayas, uncom-
monly in Sikikm, Bhutan, and Assam, and more abundantly
from northern Burma to Yunnan.

TURDUS NAUMANNI

~~Turdus naumanni eunomus Temminck

Turdus eunomus Temminck 18381, Pl. Col., livr. 87, pl.
514 — Japan.

Turdus eunomus ni Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient,
1, p. 141 — Akira-mura, Higasi-Katusika-gun, Prov.
Simosa (Shimosa) in Hondo.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 2038

Turdus eunomus turuchanensis Johansen, 1954, Journ. f.
Orn., 95, p. 829 — Dudinka, Turushan District, lower
Yenisel.

Siberia from the Taz and Yenisei Rivers south to the
Tunguska, east across the northern taiga to Lena and Koly-
ma Rivers, Kamchatka, and the Commander Islands; mi-
grates in the Kurile Islands, Sakhalin, Hokkaido, Korea
and adjacent islands, Manchuria, and Mongolia; winters in
southern Honshu and southern Japanese islands, Riu Kius,
Formosa, southern China from Hopeh west to Yunnan,
reaching northern Burma in small numbers, and India in
Assam occasionally, Nepal, and West Pakistan (two rec-
ords) ; straggler to western Europe including the British
Isles.

— Turdus naumanni naumanni Temminck

Turdus naumanni Temminck, 1820, Man. Orn., ed. 2, 1,
p. 170 — Silesia and Austria. ... Hungary.

Siberia south of breeding range of eunomus, from the up-
per Yenisei and southern Tunguska Rivers east to the Lena
and the Sea of Okhotsk, Lake Baikal, and northern Man-
churia and Amurland; Stanovoy west to Yablonovy ranges;
Sakhalin (?); migrates through Mongolia, and Korea; win-
ters from southern Manchuria, northern China, and Korea
south to the Yangtse and Japanese Islands (rare) ; strag-
gler to Fukien, Yunnan, Quelpart Island, Riu Kiu Islands,
and Formosa.

TURDUS PILARIS

——Turdus pilaris Linnaeus

Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 168
— Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910, Vog.
pal. Fauna, 1, p. 646.
Turdus pilaris zarudnyi Loudon, 1912, Orn. Monatsb., 20,
p. 5 — Transcaspia.
Turdus ultrapilaris Kleinschmidt, 1919, Falco, 14, no. 2,
p. 16 — Issykkul.
Turdus pilaris tertius Johansen, 1936, Animad. Syst. Mus.
Zool. Univ. Tomsk, no. 5, p. 3 — Yakutsk.
Southern Greenland (colonized in 1937), northern Eur-
ope in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Poland, Germany, Switzer-
land (uncommon), Austria, Hungary, east in Russia, south

204 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

to Ukraine, across Siberia north to lat. 70° N., south to
Altai, east to Sayan Range and Lake Baikal; sporadic rare
breeder in Faeroes, Holland, and mountains of France;
migrates throughout northern Europe, western Russia, and
Siberia; winters from Iceland, Faeroes, and southern Scan-
dinavia south through British Isles and Europe to the
Mediterranean, Turkey, Caucasus, and Iran; less common
on Mediterranean islands, North Africa, and Lebanon;
rarely to Egypt, Syria, India, Canary Islands, and Madeira;
rare straggler to arctic islands (Spitzbergen, Jan Mayen),
Jens Munk Island, Foxe Basin off Baffin Island.

TURDUS ILIACUS!

— Turdus iliacus coburni Sharpe

Turdus coburni Sharpe, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 12,
p. 28 — Iceland.
Iceland and Faeroe Islands; winters from the Faeroes to
the British Isles, Holland, and France; occasional on Green-
land, Bear Island, and Jan Mayen.

Turdus iliacus iliacus Linnaeus

Turdus iliacus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 292 —
Europe [= in sylvis acerosis (Sweden), vide, 1761,
Fauna Svecica, p. 79].

Turdus musicus gerchnert Zarudny, 1918, Izvest. Tur-
kest. Otd. Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 14, p. 126 — Turkestan
(winter migrant) [reference not verified].

Northern Europe from Scandinavia north to lat. 70° N.,
and south in the Baltic area to Poland and northern Ger-
many, rarely south to northeastern France; Russia south
to northern Ukraine and Orenburg, across Siberia north
to the taiga limits, and east to Lake Baikal and the Kolyma
River south to the Altai; winters from the Faeroes and
British Isles, Europe to the Mediterranean, Canaries, Ma-
deira, North Africa, Egypt (straggler), Turkey, Lebanon,
Syria, Caucasus, Iran (uncommon), and India (?); re-
corded from Greenland, Jan Mayen, Bear Island, and Spitz-
bergen.

1 By Opinion 551, 1959, Ops. Int. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 20, pp. 199-
210, Turdus musicus Linnaeus has been placed on the Official Index
of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 205

TURDUS PHILOMELOS

_-—.Turdus philomelos hebridensis Clarke

Turdus musicus hebridensis Clarke, 1918, Scottish Nat.,
p. 538, pl. 1 — Barra, Outer Hebrides.

British Isles in the Outer Hebrides, and Isle of Skye.

——Turdus philomelos clarkei Hartert

Turdus Ericetorum Turton, 1807, Brit. Fauna, 1, p. 35,
based on Lewin’s ‘“‘Heaththrush,” 1796, Birds Great
Brit., 2, p. 68, pl. 63 — restricted to Darenth, north
Kent by Clancey, 1943, Ibis, p. 90.2

Turdus philomelos clarkei Hartert, 1909, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 23, p. 54 — Tring, Herts (England).

Turdus ericetorum catherinae Clancey, 1938, Ibis, p. 749
— Cathcart, east Renfrewshire, Scotland.

British Isles, except for range of hebridensis, and western
Europe in southern Holland, northwestern France, inter-
grading into philomelos in a broad zone in Denmark, cen-
tral Germany and southern Czechoslovakia, south in the
remainder of France, northern Spain, northern Portugal
to central Italy, southeastern Europe to northern Greece,
Bulgaria, and Rumania; winters locally and moves west and
southwest; northern British birds into Ireland or western
France, European birds to Spain and Portugal, south to
Corsica, and Ballearic Islands; straggler to Faeroe Islands,
Algeria (one record), and Madeira.

~—— Turdus philomelos philomelos Brehm

Turdus philomelos Br.(ehm), 1831, Handb. Naturgesch.
Vog. Deutschl., p. 3882 — wanders in April and October
through central Germany.

Turdus philomelus distinctus Zarudny, 1918, Izvest. Tur-
kest. Otd. Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 14, p. 126 — Gilan,
northern Iran [reference not verified].

Breeds in Scandinavia north to lat. 70° N., across Siberia
to the Angara and lower Tunguska Rivers and the south-
western Lake Baikal area; south in Europe to the area of
intergradation listed under clarkei, Ukraine, Rumania (7),
east in Turkey, Caucasus, and northwestern Iran to south-

1 By Opinion 405, 1956, Ops. Int. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 18, pp.
107-118, Turdus ericetorum Turton has been placed on the Official
Index of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology.

206 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

eastern Caspian; south in Siberia to Barnaul, the Sinkiang
border mountains and the Sayan range; migrates south
to southern Europe, southern British Isles, Canary Islands,
Morocco, Egypt, Lebanon, Israel, Iraq, Saudi Arabia
(scarce), Transcaspia, and Tadzhikistan to southern Iran;
straggler to Faeroes, Madeira, and Sudan.

Turdus philomelos nataliae Buturlin

Turdus philomelus nataliae Buturlin, 1929, Syst. Notes
Birds North. Caucasus, p. 15 — Krasnoyarsk [refer-
ence not verified].

Breeding range uncertain ; may inhabit easternmost parts
of range given for philomelos from Sayan range to Lake
Baikal; or may breed in northern Iran; wintering birds
have been taken in southern Iran.

TURDUS MUPINENSIS

—~. Turdus mupinensis Laubmann

Turdus auritus Verreaux, 1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
Nat. [Paris], 6 (1870), p. 834 — mountains of Chinese
Tibet [= Mupin, vide Verreaux, 1872, ibid., 7 (1871),
p. 382]; nec T. auritus Gmelin, 1789.

Turdus mupinensis Laubmann, 1920, Orn. Monatsb., 28,
p. 17, new name for T. awritus Verreaux, preoccupied.

Turdus auritus conquisitus Bangs, 1921, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 44, p. 591 — Li-chiang, 10,000 ft., Snow
Mountains, Yunnan.

China from Kansu, Shensi, and Hupeh, south in Szech-

wan, east-central Sikang, and northwestern Yunnan.

TURDUS VISCIVORUS

—— Turdus viscivorus viscivorus Linnaeus

Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p.
168 — Europa; restricted to Essex, England, by Brit.
Orn. Union List Comm., 1948, Ibis, p. 320; further re-
stricted to Berechurch, near Colchester, Essex, south-
eastern England by Clancey, 1950, zbid., p. 338.

Turdus viscivorus deichleri Erlanger, 1897, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 5, p. 192 — Ain-bou-Dries, Tunisia.

Turdus viscivorus reiseri Schiebel, 1911, Orn. Monatsb.,
19, p. 85 — Corsica.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 207

Turdus viscivorus jubilaeus Lucanus and Zedlitz, 1917,
Journ. f. Orn., 65, p. 511 — Slonim, Russia.

Turdus viscivorus uralensis Zarudny, 1918, Izvest. Tur-
kest. Otd. Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 14, p. 125 — Orenburg
[reference not verified].

Turdus viscivorus balticus Zarudny, 1918, idem, p. 125 —
Pskov [reference not verified].

Turdus viscivorus neglectus Burg, 1921, Tierwelt, 31, p.
2— Jura.

Turdus viscivorus theresae Meinertzhagen, 1939, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 67 — Oulmes, Moyen Atlas, Mo-
rocco.

Turdus viscivorus bithynicus Keve-Kleiner, 19438, Aquila,
50, p. 360 — Mytilene, Aegean Islands.

Turdus viscivorus precentor Clancey, 1950, Limosa, 23,
p. 337 — Darnley, East Renfrewshire, southwestern
Scotland.

Turdus viscivorus hispaniae Jordans, 1950, Sylleg. Biol.,
Leipzig, p. 171 — Linares, Salamanca, western Spain.

T.(urdus) v.(iscivorus) tauricus Portenko, 1954, Keys
Fauna USSR, no. 54, Birds, 3, p. 227 — Totakoi, near
Simferopol, Crimea.

Breeds in Europe and the British Isles, north to lat.
68° N., east in western Siberia to the Ob River, intergrad-
ing beyond this area into bonapartei, south through Spain
and Portugal east to the Crimea, Greece, northern Turkey
(intergrading into bonapartei in the eastern Mediterra-
nean), across the Caucasus to Iran east to the southeastern
Caspian Sea area; northern population migrates from
southern Scandinavia and central Europe south; less com-
mon on migration in Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt (?), Lebanon,
and Israel; straggler to Azores.

Turdus viscivorus bonapartei Cabanis

T.(urdus) Bonapartei Cabanis, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8,
p. 183 — Himalaya.

1 Specimens from western Europe show a continuous cline from
northwest to south and southeast in color; more rich and buffy in the
northwest, paler and grayer on the rump and head in the southeast.
Size gradients parallel this; small, more slim-billed birds occur in the
south of the range. It seems impossible to adjust this sliding scale to
equal a valid segregation by geographical areas, recognized by given
subspecific names. Even the eastern race bonapartei is at best a
convenience.

208 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Turdus pseudohodgsoni Kleinschmidt, 1909, Falco, 5, p.
20 — Tashkent.

Turdus viscivorus transcaspius Zarudny, 1918, Izvest.
Turkest. Otd. Russk. Obsht., 14, p. 125 — Kopet Dagh.

T.(urdus) v.(iscivorus) expetibilis Portenko, 1954, Keys
Fauna USSR, no. 54, Birds, p. 227 — Katon Karagai,
Altai.

Breeds in Siberia from the Ob River east to the Angara,
south to the Altai and Sayan ranges, western Sinkiang,
Kirghizstan, Tadzhikistan and southern Turkmen and Uz-
bekistan to northern Afghanistan, northeastern Iran,
southern Turkey, Syria (?), Lebanon (?), and West Pakis-
tan and India from northern Baluchistan, North West Fron-
tier Province and Chitral, Gilgit, Astor, and Hazara to
Kashmir, east along the Himalayas to Kumaon and Nepal;
migrates southward within this range to lower valleys,
occasionally to southern Iran and the plains of the Punjab in
West Pakistan and India.

TURDUS AURANTIUS

Turdus aurantius Gmelin
(Turdus) aurantius Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p.
832 — “in Jamaicae montibus.”’
Jamaica.

TURDUS RAVIDUS

—~ Turdus ravidus (Cory)
Mimocichla ravida Cory, 1886, Auk, 3, p. 499 — Island
of Grand Cayman, West Indies.
Grand Cayman.

TURDUS PLUMBEUS

__Turdus plumbeus plumbeus Linnaeus

Turdus plumbeus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p.
169 — America [= Islands of Andros and Ilathera (Ba-
hamas), in Catesby, 1731, Nat. Hist. Carolina, Florida,
Bahama Islands, 1, p. 30, pl. 30].

Northern Bahama Islands: Grand Bahama, Abaco, An-

dros, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, and Exuma
Cays; formerly on Great Exuma.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 209

__—Turdus plumbeus schistaceus (Baird)
Mimocichla schistacea Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1,
p. 37 — Monte Verde, eastern Cuba.
Eastern Cuba.

__»Turdus plumbeus rubripes Temminck

Turdus rubripes Temminck, 1826, Pl. Col., livr. 69, pl.
409 — Cuba.

Mimocichla rubripes eremita Ridgway, 1905, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 18, p. 213 — Swan Island, Caribbean
Sea.

Central and western Cuba; Isle of Pines; Swan Island

(extirpated ?).

_—— Turdus plumbeus coryi (Sharpe)
Mimocichla coryi Sharpe, 1902, in Seebohm, Monog. Tur-
didae, 2, p. 215 — Island of Cayman Brac.
Cayman Brac, Greater Antilles.

_ Turdus plumbeus ardosiaceus Vieillot
Turdus ardosiaceus Vieillot, 1823, Tabl. Encyc. Méth.
Orn., 2, livr. 91, p. 646 — Santo Domingo.
Turdus ardosiaceus var. portoricensis Bryant, 1867, Proc.
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11, p. 93 — Puerto Rico.
Hispaniola, Gonave, Tortue, and Puerto Rico, Greater
Antilles.

—— Turdus plumbeus albiventris (Sclater)
Mimocichla ardesiaca albiventris Sclater, 1889, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, p. 826 — Dominica.
Mimocichla verrillorum Allen, 1891, Auk, 8, p. 217 —
Lasswa, Dominica.
Dominica, Lesser Antilles.

TURDUS CHIGUANCO

~Turdus chiguanco chiguanco Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny ;
T.(urdus) chiguanco Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny, 1837,
Synop. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 16 — Tacua,
Peru.
Coastal Peru, and northwestern Bolivia in northern La
Paz.

210 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—~Turdus chiguanco conradi Salvadori and Festa
Turdus conradi Salvadori and Festa, 1899, Boll. Mus.
Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, 14, p. 4— Cuenca and Sig-
sig, Ecuador.
Andes of southern Ecuador and central Peru, above 6,000
feet.

—~ Turdus chiguanco anthracinus Burmeister
Turdus anthracinus Burmeister, 1858, Journ. f. Orn., 6,
p. 159 — Mendoza, Argentina.

Bolivia from central La Paz and Cochabamba south in
the mountains to western Argentina in Mendoza, San Luis,
and Cordoba, and to northeastern Chile in the Atacama
region.

TURDUS NIGRESCENS

_—Turdus nigrescens Cabanis
Turdus nigrescens Cabanis, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p.
324 — Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica.
Mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama (Volcan
de Chiriqui).

TURDUS FUSCATER

Turdus fuscater cacozelus (Bangs)

Merula gigas cacozela Bangs, 1898, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 12, p. 181 — Macotama, Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta, Colombia.

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern Colombia.

Turdus fuscater clarus Phelps and Phelps, Jr.

Turdus fuscater clarus Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1958, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 66, p. 9 — Cerro Tetaré, upper
Rio Negro, Sierra de Perija, Zulia, Venezuela.
Known only from the Perijé Mountains on the Venezuela-
Colombia border west of Lake Maracaibo.

—_ Turdus fuscater quindio Chapman
Turdus fuscater quindio Chapman, 1925, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 160, p. 1— Laguneta, 10,300 ft., central
Andes, Colombia.
Central and western Andes of Colombia south to south-

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 211

eastern Narino and in northern Ecuador to the latitude of
Banos.

~Turdus fuscater gigas Fraser
Turdus gigas Fraser, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1840), p. 59 — Santa Fé de Bogota.
Eastern Andes of Colombia and western Venezuela in
Lara, Trujillo, Mérida, and Tachira.

—~ Turdus fuscater gigantodes Cabanis
Turdus gigantodes Cabanis, 1873, Journ. f. Orn., 21, p.
315 — Maraynioc, Peru.
Southern Ecuador in Huigra District and temperate zone
of Peru south to Junin.

Turdus fuscater ockendeni Hellmayr
Turdus fuscater ockendeni Hellmayr, 1906, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club. 16, p. 91 — Limbani, 9,500 ft., Carabaya,
Peru.
Southeastern Peru in Cuzco and Puno.
>

Z
Lt

~—Turdus fuscater fuscater Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny
Turdus Fuscater Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny, 1837, Synop.
Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 16 —in Andibus (Bo-
livia) ; type from La Paz, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 415.
Western Bolivia in La Paz and Cochabamba.

TURDUS SERRANUS

— Turdus serranus infuscatus (Lafresnaye)

Mer.(ula) infuscata Lafresnaye, 1844, Rev. Zool. [Paris],
7, p. 41 — Mexico.

Mountains of southern and eastern Mexico in México,
Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas, eastern San Luis Potosi, south-
western Tamaulipas, and Veracruz; Guatemala, El Salvador,
and central Honduras.

~Turdus serranus cumanensis (Hellmayr)

Planesticus serranus cumanensis Hellmayr, 1919, Verh.
Orn. Ges. Bayern, 14, p. 127 —— mountains inland of
Cumana, “Bermudez [= Sucre, vide Hellmayr, 1934,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 414].

212 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Northeastern Venezuela in Anzoategui, Sucre, and Mo-
nagas.

— Turdus serranus atrosericeus (Lafresnaye)
Merula atro-sericea Lafresnaye, 1848, Rev. Zool. [Paris],
11, p. 3 — Caracas, Venezuela.
Northern Venezuela from the Andes of Mérida and Ta-
chira northeast to Caracas; northeastern Colombia (Para-
mo de Tama?).

~~ Turdus serranus fuscobrunneus (Chapman)

Planesticus fuscobrunneus Chapman, 1912, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, p. 158 — Cerro Munichique, 8,325
ft., western Andes west of Popayan, Cauca, Colombia.

Mountainous areas of Colombia, except Santa Marta and

northeast, and Ecuador.

Turdus serranus serranus Tschudi
Turdus serranus Tschudi, 1844, Arch. f. Naturg., 10 (1),
p. 280 — Peru.
Mountains of Peru (including the western slope of the
Andes), and Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba).

TURDUS NIGRICEPS
— Turdus nigriceps nigriceps Cabanis
Turdus nigriceps “Jelski’” = Cabanis, 1874, Journ. f. Orn.,
22, p. 97 — Peru.
Southeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and
western Argentina.

Turdus nigriceps subalaris (Seebohm)

Merula subalaris “Leverkiihn” = Seebohm, 1887, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 557 — Jutuba, presumably in the
valley of the Rio Grande, Province of Sao Paulo, Bra-
zil [= Jatuba, western Goias, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 411].

Southern Brazil in Goias, Mato Grosso, and Parana, in

adjacent Argentina in Misiones, and in Paraguay.

TURDUS REEVEI

—— Turdus reevei Lawrence
Turdus reevei Lawrence, 1870, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 213

York, 9, p. 234— Puna Island, Gulf of Guayaquil,
Ecuador.
Western Ecuador, south of the Chone River, and north-
western Peru in Tumbes, Piura, and Lambayeque.

TURDUS OLIVATER

Turdus olivater sanctaemartae (Todd)

Planesticus olivater sanctae-martae Todd, 1913, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 26, p. 170 — Cincinnati, Santa
Marta, Colombia.

Santa Marta, Colombia.

- Turdus olivater olivater (Lafresnaye)
Merula olivatra Lafresnaye, 1848, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 11,
p. 2 — Caracas, Venezuela.
Norte de Santander, Colombia, and coastal mountains of
Venezuela from Zulia, east in Lara, Yaracuy, Carabobo,
Aragua, and Miranda.

Turdus olivater paraquensis Phelps and Phelps, Jr.
Turdus roraimae paraquensis Phelps and Phelps, Jr.,
1946, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 10, no. 67, p.
231 — Cerro Paraque, Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela.
Cerro Paraque, Amazonas, Venezuela.

Turdus olivater kemptoni Phelps and Phelps, Jr.

Turdus olivater kemptoni Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1955,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68, p. 119 — Cerro de la
Neblina, 1,800 m., headwaters of the Rio Yatua, Ter-
ritorio Amazonas, Venezuela.

Cerro de la Neblina, Amazonas, Venezuela.

_— Turdus olivater duidae Chapman

Turdus roraimae duidae Chapman, 1929, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 380, p. 283 — Mount Duida.
Mount Duida, Amazonas, Venezuela.

Turdus olivater roraimae Salvin and Godman
Turdus roraimae Salvin and Godman, 1884, Ibis, p. 443
— Roraima, “British Guiana” [= Bolivar, Venezuela,
1,600-1,800 m., vide Phelps and Phelps, 1950, Bol. Soc.
Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 12, no. 75, p. 244].
Turdus roraimae ptaritepui Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1946,

214 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 10, no. 67, p. 232 —
Cerro Ptari-tepui, Gran Sabana, Bolivar, Venezuela.
Mountains of southern Bolivar, Venezuela and adjacent
British Guiana (Cerro Twek-quay).

Turdus olivater caucae (Chapman)

Planesticus caucae Chapman, 1914, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 33, p. 182 — La Sierra, 6,300 ft., central Andes,
Cauca, Colombia.

Central Andes, Colombia.

TURDUS MARANONICUS

——~Turdus maranonicus Taczanowski
Turdus maranonicus Taczanowski [ex Stolzman MS],
1880, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 189, pl. 20 — Calla-
cate, northern Peru.
Northern Peru.

TURDUS FULVIVENTRIS

~~ Turdus fulviventris Sclater
Turdus fulviventris Sclater [ex Verreaux MS], 1857,
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 273 — Nova Grenada [=
Bogota].
Eastern Andes of Colombia; Venezuela in Tachira, Méri-
da, and Trujillo; eastern Ecuador; extreme northern Peru.

TURDUS RUFIVENTRIS

Turdus rufiventris juensis (Cory)

Planesticus rufiventer juensis Cory, 1916, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist. Publ, Orn: Ser., 1, p. 344—Jua, near Ieuatu,
Ceara, Brazil.

Northeastern Brazil in Piaui, Ceara, Maranhao, Paraiba,

Pernambuco, and northern and western Bahia.

__ Turdus rufiventris rufiventris Vieillot a
Turdus rufiventris Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 20, p. 226 — Brazil.
Turdus rufiventris chacoensis Brodkorb, 1939, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 52, p. 84— Kilometer 195, west of
Puerto Casado, Paraguay.
Southern half of Brazil from southern Bahia, Minas

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 215

Gerais, Goias, Mato Grosso, and Rio Grande do Sul; Uru-
guay; Paraguay; northern Argentina south to Cordoba and
Buenos Aires; eastern Bolivia.

TURDUS FALCKLANDII

Turdus falcklandii falcklandii Quoy and Gaimard
Turdus falcklandii Quoy and Gaimard, 1824, in Frey-
cinet, Voy. Uranie Physicienne, Zool., livr. 3, p. 104
— Falkland Islands.
Falkland Islands.

Turdus falcklandii magellanicus King
Turdus Magellanicus King, 1831, Proc. Comm. Sci. Cor-
resp. Zool. Soc. London, 1, p. 14 — Fretu Magellanico.
Turdus falcklandii mochae Chapman, 1934, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 762, p. 8 — Mocha Island, Chile.
Chile from Atacama to the Straits, Tierra del Fuego, Ar-
gentina in Tierra del Fuego, Mas a Tierra, Mas Afuera, and
Patagonia.

Turdus falcklandii pembertoni Wetmore

Turdus magellanicus pembertoni Wetmore, 1923, Univ.
California Publ. Zool., 21, p. 335— Cerro Anecon
Grande, Rio Negro, Argentina.

Argentina in Rio Negro and Neuquén.

TURDUS LEUCOMELAS

2

== Turdus leucomelas albiventer Spix “iy

Turdus albiventer Spix, 1824, Av. Spec. Nov. Brasil, 1,
p. 70, pl. 69, fig. 2 — Brazil; restricted to Para by Hell-
mayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser.,
13; pt. 7; p. 400:

Turdus ephippialis Sclater, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 109 — Bogota, Colombia.

Northern Colombia, from the upper Magdalena Valley
east in the Santa Marta area and the eastern Andes to the
Orinoco; Venzuela in Barinas, Cojedes, and Guarico south
to Amazonas and Bolivar; the Guianas; and northeastern
Brazil from Para to Bahia west to the Tapajos River.

216 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Turdus leucomelas cautor Wetmore

Turdus leucomelas cautor Wetmore, 1946, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 106, no. 16, p. 10 —Serrania de Macuire, 1,000
ft., above Nazaret, Guajira, Colombia.

Guajira Peninsula, Colombia.

~~Turdus leucomelas leucomelas Vieillot

Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 20, p. 238, based on ‘‘Zorzal obscuro y blan-
co,” Azara, no. 80, pt. (“male”) — Paraguay.

Southern Brazil in Rio de Janiero, Minas Gerais, Sao
Paulo, Goids, and Mato Grosso; Paraguay; eastern Peru;
and Bolivia (one specimen, Rio Kaka).

TURDUS AMAUROCHALINUS

—Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis

T.(urdus) amaurochalinus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Heme 1,
p. 5 — Brazil; restricted to Rio Grande do Sul by Pinto,
1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., Sao Paulo),
Dis2e ps orl.

Turdus ignobilis sandiae Carriker, 1933, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, 85, p. 34— Huacamayo, 1,500 ft.,
Prov. Sandia, Puno, Peru.

Brazil, southeastern Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, northern
and central Argentina south to the Rio Negro, and Uruguay.

TURDUS PLEBEJUS

~ Turdus plebejus differens (Nelson)

Merula plebeia differens Nelson, 1901, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 14, p. 175 — Pinabete, Chiapas, Mexico.

Mexico in highlands of southeastern Chiapas, and Guate-
mala.

Turdus plebejus rafaelensis Miller and Griscom

Turdus plebejus rafaelensis Miller and Griscom, 1925,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 183, p. 4—San Rafael del
Norte, Nicaragua.

Nicaragua and El Salvador.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 217

—Turdus plebejus plebejus Cabanis
Turdus plebejyus Cabanis, 1861, Journ. f. Orn., 8 (1860),
p. 323 — Costa Rica.
Mountains of Costa Rica, and western Panama (Chiri-
qui).
TURDUS IGNOBILIS

~ Turdus ignobilis ignobilis Sclater
Turdus ignobilis Sclater, 1857, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 278 — Nova Grenada [= Bogota].
Eastern Colombia, on the slopes of the eastern and cen-
tral Andes.

~ Turdus ignobilis goodfellowi Hartert and Hellmayr
Turdus ignobilis goodfellowi Hartert and Hellmayr, 1901,
Novit. Zool., 8, p. 492 — Castilla, Cauca Valley, Colom-
bia.
Cauca Valley and western slope of the western Andes,
Colombia.

—Turdus ignobilis debilis Hellmayr
Turdus ignobilis debilis Hellmayr, 1902, Journ. f. Orn.,
50, p. 56 — Rio Madeira, western Brazil [= Salto Theo-
tonio, vide Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ.,
Zool; Ser., 13; pt: 7,p: 393).

Foothills of eastern Andes of Colombia; Venezuela in
Tachira, Mérida, western Apure and Barinas; eastern Ecua-
dor; northwestern Brazil as far east as the Rio Negro and
Rio Madeira; eastern Peru; and northern Bolivia.

]

— Turdus ignobilis murinus Salvin
Turdus murinus Salvin, 1885, Ibis, p. 197 — Merumé
Mountains, Roraima (3,000-5,000 ft.), “British Gui-
ana.
Amazonas (Duida) and Bolivar, Venezuela, and British
Guiana in the foothills of Roraima and the Merumé Moun-
tains.

_— Turdus ignobilis arthuri (Chubb)
Planesticus arthuri Chubb, 1914, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
33, p. 1381 — Abary River, British Guiana.
Venezuela in the tropical lowlands near Duida, Ama-
zonas; tropical British and French Guiana.

218 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

TURDUS LAWRENCII
_ Turdus lawrencii Coues /

Turdus brunneus Lawrence, 1878, Ibis, p. 57, pl. 1—
“Upper Amazons.”

Turdus lawrencii Coues, 1880, Bull. U.S. Geol. Geog. Sur-
veys Terr., 5, no. 4, p. 570, new name for T. brunneus
Lawrence, 1878, nec. T. brunneus Boddaert, 1783.

Turdus altiloquus Todd, 1925, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 38, p. 92 — Arima, Rio Purts.

Upper Amazonia from Amazonas and Bolivar, Vene-
zuela and western Brazil south to northern Mato Grosso,
eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru (Pebas, Chami-
curos) ; may occur in southeastern Colombia near the Rio
Negro.

TURDUS FUMIGATUS
— Turdus fumigatus bondi Deignan

Turdus nigrirostris Lawrence, 1878, Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Sci., 1, p. 146 — St. Vincent.

Turdus fumigatus bondi Deignan, 1951, Auk, 68, p. 379,
new name for Turdus nigrirostris Lawrence, 1878, nec
Turdus nigrirostris Karelin, 1875.

St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.

~~ Turdus fumigatus personus (Barbour)

Planesticus nigrirostris personus Barbour, 1911, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 24, p. 58 — Grand Etang, 2,000
ft., Grenada.

Grenada, Lesser Antilles.

—— Turdus fumigatus aquilonalis (Cherrie)

Planesticus fumigatus aquilonalis Cherrie, 1909, Sci. Bull.
Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts Sciences, 1 (16), p. 387 —
heights of Aripo, Trinidad.

Trinidad and the northern coast of Venezuela from Pe-
rija, Zulia, Lara, Yaracuy, Carabobo, and Distrito Federal
to Sucre; northeastern Colombia in Norte de Santander
(Petrolea).

Turdus fumigatus orinocensis Zimmer and Phelps

Turdus fumigatus orinocensis Zimmer and Phelps, 1955,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1709, p. 4— Nericagua, 140
m., upper Orinoco River, Amazonas, Venezuela.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 219

Venezuela in the upper Orinoco region in Apure, Tachira,
and Barinas; Colombia in eastern Vichada (Maipures) and
Meta.

— Turdus fumigatus fumigatus Lichtenstein

Turdus fumigatus Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 38
— Brazil; restricted to Rio Espirito Santo, by Hell-
mayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13,
Dt. 7, De oso:

Planesticus bianchii Chrostovski, 1921, Ann. Zool. Mus.
Polonici Hist. Nat. Warszawa, 1, p. 28 — Brazil.

British, Dutch and French Guiana; Brazil through the

Amazon basin south to Rio de Janiero and west to Mato
Grosso; eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos; no specimens; may refer
to hauxwelli?).

Turdus fumigatus parambanus Hartert
Turdus obsoletus parambanus Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool.,
27, p. 475 — Paramba, northwestern Ecuador.
Pacific coast of Colombia and western Ecuador.

— Turdus fumigatus obsoletus Lawrence

Turdus obsoletus Lawrence, 1862, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.
New York, 7, p. 470 — Atlantic side of the Isthmus of
Panama, Panama Rail Road.

Caribbean slopes of Costa Rica and Panama; northwest-

ern Colombia (Jiménez).

TURDUS HAUXWELLI
_Turdus hauxwelli colombianus Hartert and Hellmayr ~

Turdus colombianus Hartert and Hellmayr, 1901, Novit.
Zool., 8, p. 492 — Cali, Cauca Valley, western Colombia.
Eastern slopes of the western Andes, Colombia.

— Turdus hauxwelli hauxwelli Lawrence

Turdus hauxwelli Lawrence, 1869, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.
New York, 9, p. 265 — Pebas, Peru.

Southeastern Colombia in the Orinoco region, adjacent
Amazonas, Venezuela, eastern Peru, upper Amazonian Bra-
zil from Maranon, Solimées, and Purtis Rivers to the Rio
Madeira, and south to northern Bolivia in the drainage
area of the Rio Beni.

220 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

TURDUS HAPLOCHROUS

Turdus haplochrous Todd
Turdus haplochrous Todd, 1931, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 44, p. 54— Palmarito, Rio San Julian, Chi-
quitos, Bolivia.
Eastern Bolivia.
TURDUS GRAYI

—Turdus grayi tamaulipensis (Nelson)
Merula tamaulipensis Nelson, 1899, Auk, 14, p. 75 —
Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Eastern Mexico from southern Tamaulipas, central and
southern Nuevo Leon, southeastern lowland San Luis Potosi,
Veracruz, Tabasco, Chiapas (except the extreme south),
Campeche, Yucatan, and Quintana Roo.

Turdus grayi microrhynchus Lowery and Newman
Turdus grayi microrhynchus Lowery and Newman, 1949,
Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., no. 22,
p. 5— Santa Maria del Rio, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Interior of south-central San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

_—Turdus grayi umbrinus Griscom
Turdus grayi umbrinus Griscom, 1980, Amer. Mus. No-
vit., no. 438, p. 5— Finca El Cipres, 2,300 ft., near
Mazatenango, Pacific slope, Guatemala.
Extreme southern Chiapas, Mexico, and Pacific lowlands
of Guatemala.

— Turdus grayi grayi Bonaparte

Turdus Grayi Bonaparte, 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1837), p. 118 — Guatemala; restricted to Alta Vera
Paz, Guatemala, by Griscom, 1930, zbid., p. 6.

Turdus grayi megas Miller and Griscom, 1925, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 183, p. 3— Matagalpa, 2,200 ft.,
Nicaragua.

Southern Mexico (except the eastern coastal plain range
of tamaulipensis) in the Sierra Madre range of eastern
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Puebla, México, Guerrero, Hi-
dalgo, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Chiapas (except extreme
south) ; eastern Guatemala; British Honduras; E] Salvador ;
Honduras; and Nicaragua.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 221

Turdus grayi casius (Bonaparte)
Planesticus casius Bonaparte, 1855, Compt. Rend. Acad.
Sci. Paris, 41, p. 657 — Panama.
Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia in northwestern Choco
on the Gulf of Uraba.

__Turdus grayi incomptus (Bangs) ~

Pl.(anesticus) luridus Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend.
Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, p. 4 — Nouvelle Grenade; nec Tur-
dus luridus Hermann, 1804.

Merula incompta Bangs, 1898, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 12, p. 144 — Santa Marta, Colombia.

Coastal region of northern Colombia from Barranquilla

(sight record) to Santa Marta Peninsula.

TURDUS NUDIGENIS

Turdus nudigenis nudigenis Lafresnaye
Turdus nudigenis Lafresnaye, 1848, Rev. Zool. [Paris],
11, p. 4 — Caracas.

Lesser Antilles, from Martinique southward (excluding
Barbados), Trinidad, Tobago, and Venezuela (except the
northwest), from Portuguesa south to Barinas, Tachira,
Apure, and Amazonas, east to Isla de Margarita, Sucre, and
Bolivar; British, French and Dutch Guiana; northeastern
Brazil north of the Amazon and east of the Rio Negro;
extreme eastern Colombia east of the eastern Andes.

Turdus nudigenis extimus Todd 2°”
Turdus nudigenis extimus Todd, 1931, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 44, p. 54—Santarém, Amazon River,
Brazil.

Northern Brazil, on the south bank of the lower Amazon
(Santarém).

—Turdus nudigenis maculirostris Berlepsch and Taczanowski

Turdus ignobilis maculirostris Berlepsch and Taczanow-
ski, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 538 — Chimbo,
western Ecuador.

Western Ecuador and extreme northwestern Peru.

222 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

TURDUS JAMAICENSIS

~ Turdus jamaicensis Gmelin

(Turdus) jamaicensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p.
809, based on “Jamaican Thrush” Latham, 1783, Gen.
Syn. Birds, 2, p. 20 — Jamaica.

Jamaica.

TURDUS ALBICOLLIS

Turdus albicollis calliphthongus Moore

Turdus assimilis calliphthongus Moore, 1937, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 50, p. 204— Baromicon, Sonora,
Mexico.

Southeastern Sonora, northeastern Sinaloa, and adjacent

Chihuahua, Mexico.

—- Turdus albicollis lygrus Oberholser

Merula tristis Swainson, 1827, Philos. Mag., n.s., 1, no.
5, p. 869 — Mexico; nec Turdus tristis Miiller, 1776.

Turdus assimilis lygrus Oberholser, 1921, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 34, p. 106, new name for M. tristis Swain-
son, preoccupied.

Turdus assimilis renominatus Miller and Griscom, 1925,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 184, p. 10 — Juan Lisiarraga
Mountain, 5,500 ft., southern Sinaloa.

Mexico in central and southern Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco,
Colima, Michoacan, Guerrero, western Oaxaca, southern
Chihuahua, western Durango, western México, Morelos, and
southwestern Chiapas (where intergrades with leucau-
chen).

~Turdus albicollis assimilis Cabanis
Turdus assimilis Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 4—
Jalapa, Veracruz.
Mexico in southern Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo,
northern Oaxaca, eastern México, and western Veracruz.

Turdus albicollis leucauchen Sclater
Turdus leucauchen Sclater, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 447 — Guatemala.
Turdus assimilis parcolor Austin, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 69, p. 886 — Camp 6, Cayo District, British Hon-
duras.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 223

Mexico in southeastern Veracruz, northeastern Oaxaca,
and Chiapas, intergrading with lygrus in southwestern
Chiapas; Guatemala except along the Pacific slope; British
Honduras; Honduras (San Pedro ?).

— Turdus albicollis rubicundus (Dearborn)

Planesticus tristis rubicundus Dearborn, 1907, Field Mus.
Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 187 — Patulul, So-
lola, Guatemala.

Guatemala, along the Pacific slope, and El Salvador.

Turdus albicollis atrotinctus Miller and Griscom
Turdus assimilis atrotinctus Miller and Griscom, 1925,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 184, p. 12 — Tuma, Matagalpa,
Nicaragua.
Caribbean highlands of Nicaragua.

_ Turdus albicollis oblitus Miller and Griscom
Turdus assimilis oblitus Miller and Griscom, 1925, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 184, p. 12 — Tenorio, Costa Rica.
Costa Rica, grading into cnephosus in the southwest.

-Turdus albicollis cnephosus (Bangs)
Merula leucauchen cnephosa Bangs, 1902, Proc. New Eng-
land Zool. Club, 3, p. 92 — Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui.
Southwestern Costa Rica, where intergrades with oblitus,
and western Panama in Chiriqui and Veraguas.

Turdus albicollis coibensis Eisenmann
Turdus assimilis coibensis Eisenmann, 1950, Auk, 67, p.
366 — Coiba Island, Veraguas, Panama.
Coiba Island, Veraguas, Panama.

_Turdus albicollis daguae Berlepsch
Turdus daguae Berlepsch, 1897, Orn. Monatsb., 5, p. 176.
— San José, Rio Dagua, Colombia.
Eastern Panama in Darién, Colombia west of the western
Andes from the lower Atrato to Narino, and northwestern
Ecuador.

Turdus albicollis phaeopygoides Seebohm ¢
Turdus phaeopygoides Seebohm, 1881, Cat. Birds Mus., 5,
p. 404 — Tobago.
Merula phaeopyga minuscula Bangs, 1898, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 12, p. 181 — Pueblo Viejo, Colombia.

224 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Northeastern Colombia in Santa Marta and the eastern
slope of the eastern Andes in Boyaca; northern Venezuela
from Zulia east in Aragua, Carabobo, Distrito Federal,
Anzoategui, and Sucre; Trinidad and Tobago.

~~ Turdus albicollis phaeopygus Cabanis

Turdus phaeopygus Cabanis, 1849, in Schomburgk, Reise,
Brit. Guiana, 3 (1848), p. 666 — British Guiana.

Turdus phaeopygus cayennensis Todd, 1931, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 44, p. 50 — Pied Saut, French Gui-
ana.

Turdus phaeopygus coloratus Todd, 1931, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 44, p. 51 — Colonia do Mojuy, San-
tarem, Brazil.

Extreme eastern Colombia along the Orinoco and Negro
rivers, southern Venezuela in Barinas, Amazonas, and east-
ern Bolivar, the Guianas and northern Brazil from the
northern side of the Rio Solimoées to the coastal district of
Maranhao, and south of the Amazon on the Rio Tapajos.

Turdus albicollis spodiolaemus Berlepsch and Stolzmann
Turdus phaeopygus spodiolaemus Berlepsch and Stolz-
mann, 1896, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 326— La
Gloria, Chanchamayo, Junin, Peru.
Turdus phaeopygus berlepschi Todd, 1931, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 44, p. 51 — Arima, Rio Purts, Brazil.
Turdus albicollis purusensis Wolters, 1953, Bonn. Zool.
Beitr., 3, p. 281, nom. nov. for Turdus phaeopygus ber-
lepschi Todd (preoccupied if Catharus is merged with
Turdus).
Eastern Ecuador and Peru east to western Brazil and
south of Rio Solimoes in the Rio Purts area; Beni, northern
Bolivia.

Turdus albicollis contemptus Hellmayr

Turdus crotopezus contemptus Hellmayr, 1902, Journ. f.
Orn., 50, p. 61 — Bueyes, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
Bolivia in the yungas of La Paz, Santa Cruz, and Tarija.

~Turdus albicollis crotopezus Lichtenstein » 7

Turdus crotopezus Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl.,
38 — Bahia.
Eastern Brazil in Bahia, Espirito Santo, and Alagoas.

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE PAPAS

—Turdus albicollis albicollis Vieillot 3
Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 20, p. 227 — Brazil [= Rio de Janiero, vide
Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser.,
13, pt. 7, p. 366].
Southeastern Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande
do Sul.

Turdus albicollis paraguayensis (Chubb)
Merula albicollis paraguayensis Chubb, 1910, Ibis, p. 608
— Sapucay, Paraguay.
Southwestern Brazil in Mato Grosso; Paraguay; northern
Argentina in Misiones.

TURDUS RUFOPALLIATUS

_— Turdus rufopalliatus rufopalliatus Lafresnaye
Turdus rufo-palliatus Lafresnaye, 1840, Rev. Zool.
[Paris], 3, p. 259— Monterey, California [errore;
Acapulco, Mexico, designated by Bangs and Penard,

1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p. 37].

Turdus rufo-palliatus grisior van Rossem, 1934, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 461 — Guirocoba, Sonora,
Mexico.

Western Mexico from Sonora, Sinaloa, and Durango south

to Nayarit, Jalisco, Michoacan, Guerrero, Distrito Federal,
Morelos, and western Puebla.

)

_-Turdus rufopalliatus graysoni (Ridgway)

Merula flavirostris graysoni Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U.S.
Nat: Mus., 5, p. 12 — Tres Marias.
Islas de las Tres Marias, Mexico.

TURDUS SWALESI

— Turdus swalesi (Wetmore)

Haplocichla swalesi Wetmore, 1927, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 40, p. 55 — Massif de la Selle, 6,000 ft.
La Selle ridge, Haiti.

TURDUS RUFITORQUES

__ Turdus rufitorques Hartlaub

Turdus (Merula) rufitorques Hartlaub, 1844, Rev. Zool.
[Paris], 7, p. 214 — Guatemala.

226 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southeastern Mexico in the highlands of Chiapas; Guate-
mala; western El Salvador.

TURDUS MIGRATORIUS
~ Turdus migratorius migratorius Linnaeus
(Turdus) migratorius Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12,

1, p. 292 — in America septentrionali.

Breeds from northern Alaska and northern Canada as far
east as Thelon River, south in Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec,
Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Alberta, west to
central British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south in the
west-central United States to western North Dakota, South
Dakota, Nebraska to Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Illinois,
and Indiana, east through New England and coastal states
south to Maryland and in the Appalachians to North Caro-
lina and northwestern Virginia; winters in United States
to the East coast and the Gulf, south in eastern Mexico to
Durango, Nuevo Leon, and southern Veracruz; southern
Florida, western Cuba (rare), and Bermuda; vagrant to
Bahamas.

Turdus migratorius nigrideus Aldrich and Nutt
Turdus migratorius nigrideus Aldrich and Nutt, 1939,
Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, no. 2, p. 31 —
Hodge Water, Avalon Peninsula, eastern Newfound-
land.

Breeds in Canada from northern Quebec and Labrador to
Newfoundland, and Miquelon and St. Pierre Islands; win-
tering and on migration from southeastern Canada west to
Michigan, Illinois, and Ohio, south to the Gulf coast of
Louisiana, in New England south to Maryland on the coast,
and in the Appalachians.

Turdus migratorius achrusterus (Batchelder) ~~ type

Merula migratoria achrustera Batchelder, 1900, Proc.

New England Zool. Club, 1, p. 104 — Raleigh, North
Carolina.

Breeds from southern Oklahoma east across southern
Missouri to western Virginia, and Maryland south to Texas,
and the Gulf and southern States to northern Florida; win-
ters in the southern area of the breeding range and to south-
ern Texas and Florida, to Mexico in Yucatan and Quintana
Roo, and to western Cuba (one record).

SUBFAMILY TURDINAE 227

—Turdus migratorius caurinus (Grinnell)

Planesticus migratorius caurinus Grinnell, 1909, Univ.
California Publ. Zool., 5, no. 2, p. 241 — Windfall Har-
bor, Admiralty Island, Alaska.

Breeds form southeastern Alaska south along the coast
and adjacent islands to northwestern Oregon; winters from
southwestern British Columbia to west-central California;
casual in winter in Alaska.

—Turdus migratorius propinquus Ridgway
T.(urdus) propinquus Ridgway, 1877, Bull. Nuttall Orn.
Club, 2, p. 9 — western region, including eastern base
of Rocky Mountains [= Laramie Peak, Wyoming, vide
Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 103].
Breeds from southeastern Oregon and eastern Washing-
ton, southern and eastern British Columbia, southern AI-
berta and southwestern Saskatchewan to Montana, western
South Dakota, and western Nebraska, south to southern
California, southern Nevada, and Mexico from Sonora and
Chihuahua to Durango, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, México,
Morelos, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Puebla, and Neuvo Leon; in
Jalisco and Michoacan intergrades with phillipsi; winters
from southern part of breeding range south to Baja Cali-

fornia, Oaxaca and Guatemala highlands.

— Turdus migratorius phillipsi Bangs

Turdus migratorius phillipsi Bangs, 1915, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 28, p. 125 — Las Viegas [= Las Vegas],
Veracruz, Mexico.

Turdus migratorius permixtus Griscom, 1934, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 75, p. 396 — Chilpancingo, 8,000 ft., Guer-
rero.

Mexico from southwestern Tamaulipas (where inter-
grades with propinquus) and western Veracruz south in
Jalisco and Michoacan, Distrito Federal, México, Morelos,
Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, and Puebla to Guerrero and Oaxaca.

— Turdus migratorius confinis Baird

Turdus confinis Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 29
— Todos Santos, Cape San Lucas, Baja California.
Mountains of Cape district, Baja California, Mexico.

228 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

SUBFAMILY ORTHONYCHINAE!
HERBERT G. DEIGNAN

GENUS ORTHONYX TEMMINCK

Orthonyx Temminck, 1820, Man. Orn., éd. 2, 1, p. 81. No
species; generic details only. Type, by subsequent des-
ignation (Ranzani, 1822, Elem. Zool., 3, p. 19), Ortho-
nyx temmincku Ranzani.

Macrorthonyx Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1
(1912-1913), p. 111. Type, by original designation and
monotypy, Orthonyx spaldingi Ramsay.

Papuorthonyx Mathews, 1921, Birds Australia, 9, pt. 4,
p. 177. Type, by original designation, Orthonyx novae-
guineae A. B. Meyer.

ORTHONYX TEMMINCKII

Orthonyx temminckii novaeguineae Meyer
Orthonyx Novae Guineae A. B. Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K.
Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., 69, p. 83 —
Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.
Tamrau and Arfak Mountains, western New Guinea
(Vogelkop).

Orthonyx temminckii dorsalis Rand
Orthonyx temminckii dorsalis Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1074, p. 2— Bele River, 18 km. north of
Lake Habbema, Oranje Range, New Guinea.
Nassau and Oranje Ranges, western New Guinea.

~ Orthonyx temminckii victoriana van Oort
Orthonyx temminckii victoriana van Oort, 1909, Notes
Leyden Mus., 30, p. 234 — Mount Victoria, Wharton
Range, southeastern New Guinea.
Herzog Mountains and the Wharton Range, southeastern
New Guinea.

~~ Orthonyx temminckii temminckii Ranzani

Orthonyx Temminckiit Ranzani, 1822, Elem. Zool., 3, p.
19 — Oceanica; restricted to Hat Hill, near Nowra,
New South Wales, ex Vigors and Horsfield.

1 MS read by J. Delacour, K. C. Parkes, A. L. Rand, and S. D. Ripley.

SUBFAMILY ORTHONYCHINAE 229

Or[thonyx]. maculatus Stephens, 1826, in Shaw, Gen.
Zool., 14, p. 186 — Australia.

[Orthonyx] Temminckii Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 (Feb.
17), Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 294 — near
Hat Hill, New South Wales.

Orthonyx temmincku chandleri Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 329 — Richmond River, New South Wales.

Forests of southeastern Queensland and eastern New

South Wales, south to the Williams River, Illawarra brushes
(south of Sydney).

ORTHONYX SPALDINGII

_— Orthonyx spaldingii Ramsay saan k

Orthonix [sic] spaldingii Ramsay, 1868 (Mar. 21), Syd-
ney Morning Herald, p. 4, bottom of column 6 — north-
eastern coast of Australia.

Orthonyx spaldingi Ramsay, 1868 (Oct.), Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 386 — Rockingham Bay, Queensland.

Macrothonyx spaldingi albiventer Mathews, 1915, Aus-
tral Avian Rec., 2, p. 130 — Atherton, northern Queens-
land.

Forests of coastal range of northern Queensland, from

Trinity Bay southward to Rockingham Bay.

GENUS ANDROPHOBUS HARTERT AND PALUDAN

Androphobus Hartert and Paludan, 1934, Orn. Monatsb.,
42, p. 46. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Androphilus viridis Rothschild and Hartert.

ANDROPHOBUS VIRIDIS

Androphobus viridis (Rothschild and Hartert)

Androphilus viridis Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 29, p. 33— Mount Goliath, Oranje
Range, New Guinea.

Weyland Mountains and the Nassau and Oranje Ranges,

from 1,500 to 2,800 meters, western New Guinea.

GENUS PSOPHODES VIGoRS AND HORSFIELD

Psophodes Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 15, p. 328. Type by monotypy, Muscicapa cre-
pitans Latham = Corvus olivaceus Latham.

230 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PSOPHODES OLIVACEUS
—— Psophodes olivaceus lateralis North

Psophodes crepitans lateralis North, 1897, Rec. Austr.
Mus., 3, p. 13 — Boar Pocket, on the Barron River, ca.
32 miles from Cairns, northern Queensland.

Forests of northern Queensland (Cairns district).

Psophodes olivaceus magnirostris Mathews

Psophodes olivaceus magnirostris Mathews, 1912, Aus-
tral Avian Rec., 1, p. 92 — Rockhampton, Queensland.
Forests of central Queensland (Rockhampton district).

__. Psophodes olivaceus olivaceus (Latham)

C[orvus]. olivaceus Latham, 1801, Index Orn., Suppl., p.
26 — Australia; restricted to New South Wales, ex
Muscicapa crepitans Latham, ibid., p. 51.

Psophodes olivaceus scrymgeourit Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 883 — Victoria.

Psophodes olivaceus sublateralis Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 334 — Tweed River, New South Wales.

Forests of eastern Australia from southeastern Queens-

land southward, through eastern New South Wales, to
southern Victoria (east of Melbourne).

PSOPHODES NIGROGULARIS

Psophodes nigrogularis leucogaster Howe and Ross

Psophodes nigrogularis leucogaster Howe and Ross, 1933,
Emu, 32, p. 147, pl. 22— Manya, northwestern Vic-
toria.

Mallee of northwestern Victoria and southeastern South

Australia.

_— Psophodes nigrogularis nigrogularis Gould

Psophodes nigrogularis Gould, 1844, Birds Australia, pt.
15 — Western Australia.

Psophodes nigrogularis pallida [sic] Mathews, 1916,
Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 60 — Cape Mentelle, Western
Australia.

Mallee of southwestern Western Australia (in recent

years reported only from vicinity of Gnowangerup, Albany,
and Borden).

SUBFAMILY ORTHONYCHINAE 231

GENUS SPHENOSTOMA GOULD

Sphenostoma Gould, 1838, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 4,
pl. [8]. Type, by monotypy, Sphenostoma cristatum
Gould.

SPHENOSTOMA CRISTATUM

_~ Sphenostoma cristatum Gould
Sphenostoma cristatum Gould, 1888, Synops. Birds Aus-
tralia, pt. 4, pl. [8] — New South Wales.
Sphenostoma cristatum pallidum Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 378 — Leigh’s Creek, South Australia.
Sphenostoma cristatum occidentale Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 378 — Day Dawn, Western Australia.
Sphenostoma cristatum tanami Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 379 — Tanami, Northern Territory.
Widespread in interior of Australia, particularly the
mulga country, north to Godfrey’s Tank and Tanami.
Reaches the coast only in western Australia, between Shark
Bay and Exmouth Gulf.

GENUS CINCLOSOMA VIGoRS AND HORSFIELD

Cinclosoma Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 15 (1826), p. 219. Type, by monotypy, Turdus
punctatus Latham, 1801 = Turdus punctatus Shaw,
1794,

Ajax Lesson, 1837, Hist. Nat. Mamm. Ois. découverts de-
puis 1788, 8, p. 435. Type, by tautonymy and monotypy,
EKupetes ajax Temminck.

Samuela Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 112.
Type, by original designation, Cinclosoma cinnamo-
meum Gould.

cf. Condon, 1962, Rec. South Austr. Mus., 14, pp. 337-370
(revision).

CINCLOSOMA PUNCTATUM

— Cinclosoma punctatum punctatum (Shaw)
Turdus punctatus Shaw, 1794, Zool. New Holland, 1, p.
25, pl. 9 — New South Wales.
Cinclosoma punctatum neglectum Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 880 — Frankston, Victoria.

232 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southeastern Queensland, eastern New South Wales, Vic-
toria, and southeastern South Australia (now confined to
Mount Lofty Ranges).

—~Cinclosoma punctatum dovei Mathews

Cinclosoma punctatum dovei Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool.,
18, p. 330 — Tasmania.

Tasmania. -

CINCLOSOMA CASTANOTUM

—Cinclosoma castanotum castanotum Gould

[Cinclosoma] castanotus [sic] Gould, 1840, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., 5, p. 117 — Australia; type from the Belts
of the Murray, South Australia, fide Gould, 1841, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, pt. 8 (1840), p. 118.

Mallee districts of southeastern South Australia, north to

Leigh Creek, and adjacent New South Wales and northwest-
ern Victoria.

Cinclosoma castanotum mayri Condon

Cinclosoma castanotum mayri Condon, 1962, Rec. South
Austr. Mus., 14, p. 355 — 20 miles south of Rankin
Springs, New South Wales.

Mallee scrub in Murrumbidgee Irrigation area, New South

Wales.

Cinclosoma castanotum morgani Condon

Cinclosoma castanotum morgani Condon, 1951, South
Australian Orn., 20, p. 42 — eighteen miles northwest
of Kimba, South Australia.

Eyre Peninsula and Gawler Ranges, South Australia.

Cinclosoma castanotum clarum Morgan

Cinclosoma castanotum clarum Morgan, 1926, South Aus-
tralian Orn., 8 (1925-1926), p. 188 — Wipipippee, ca.
five miles east of the southern end of Lake Gairdner,
South Australia.

Southern portion of Northern Territory (north to Mac-
Donnell Ranges), eastern Western Australia (northwest to
Separation Well and southeast to Menzies and Kalgoorlie),
and Musgrave and Everard Ranges in South Australia
(south to Lake Gairdner).

SUBFAMILY ORTHONYCHINAE 233

Cinclosoma castanotum dundasi Mathews

Cinclosoma castanotum dundasi Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 330 — Lake Dundas, Western Australia.
Southwestern Western Australia (except heavily forested
area of extreme southwest), north to the mulga line.

CINCLOSOMA CINNAMOMEUM

Cinclosoma cinnamomeum castaneothorax Gould!

Cinclosoma castaneothorax Gould, 1849, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 16 (1848), p. 189 — Darling Downs [= up-
per Dawson River], Queensland.

[Cinclosoma] erythrothorax Sharpe, 1881, Ibis, p. 605.
New name for Cinclosoma castaneothorax Gould, on
grounds of purism.

Interior of southern Queensland, from the Darling Downs

westward to valley of the Warrego and Thompson River,
and adjacent area of New South Wales (near Bourke). -

Cinclosoma cinnamomeum cinnamomeum Gould

Cinclosoma cinnamomeus [sic] Gould, 1846, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, pt. 14, p. 68 — Sturt’s Depot [lat. 29° 40’
S.], northwestern New South Wales.
Samuela cinnamomea todmordeni Mathews, 1923, Aus-
tral Avian Rec., 5, p. 35 — Todmorden, South Australia.
Desert regions of southeastern Northern Territory (north
to about Tropic of Capricorn), extreme southwestern
Queensland, extreme northwestern New South Wales, and
northern South Australia (south to vicinity of Leigh Creek
and Lake Frome).

Cinclosoma cinnamomea samueli (Mathews)
Samuela cinnamomea samueli Mathews, 1916, Austral
Avian Rec., 3, p. 60 — Gawler Ranges, South Australia.
South Australia, from southwest to Lake Eyre through
Stuart Range to Ooldea and the Gawler Ranges.

Cinclosoma cinnamomeum marginatum Sharpe?
Cinclosoma marginatum Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus. 7, p. 386 — northwestern Australia; error, type
locality “corrected” to northwestern New South Wales,

1 Condon (1962, op. cit., p. 365) considers this a separate species.
2 Condon (1962, op. cit., p. 364) considers this a separate species.

234 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

by Mathews, 1930, Syst. Avium Australasian, pt. 2,
p. 558.
Cinclosoma castaneothorax nea [sic] Mathews, 1912, No-
vit. Zool., 18, p. 331 — Day Dawn, Western Australia.
Southwestern Australia from about lat. 30°S. (Yalgoo,
Mount Kenneth, Mount Ida) north to slightly beyond the
Tropic of Capricorn (Wanery River, Jigalong), east to Lake
Darlot and Canning Stock Route.

Cinclosoma cinnamomeum alisteri Mathews!

Cinclosoma alisteri Mathews, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
27, p. 16 — Western Australia; type from Waddilinia,
Nullarbor Plain, fide Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p.
488.

[Cinclosoma] nullarborensis [sic] Campbell, 1922, Emu,
21, p. 161, pl. 32 — Haig and Naretha, Nullarbor Plain,
Western Australia.

Nullarbor Plain of southwestern South Australia and

southeastern Western Australia.

CINCLOSOMA AJAX

Cinclosoma ajax ajax (Temminck)
Eupetes ajax Temminck, 1835, Pl. col., livr. 97, pl. 573 —
Lobo [lat. 3° 45’ S., long. 184° 05’ E.], New Guinea.
Western shores of Geelvink Bay and Triton Bay, western
New Guinea.

Cinclosoma ajax muscale Rand
Cinclosoma ajax muscalis [sic] Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1074, p. 2 — five miles below Palmer Junc-
tion, Upper Fly River, New Guinea.
Valley of the Upper Fly, south-central New Guinea.

Cinclosoma ajax alare Mayr and Rand
Cinclosoma ajax alaris [sic] Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 814, p. 6 — Wuroi [lat. 8° 50’ S., long.
143° 07’ E.], New Guinea.
Valleys of the Oriomo and Lower Fly, south-central New
Guinea.

1 Condon (1962, op. cit., p. 359) considers this a separate species.

SUBFAMILY ORTHONYCHINAE 235

Cinclosoma ajax goldiei (Ramsay)

Eupetes goldiet Ramsay, 1879, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South
Wales, 3, p. 302 — sixty miles inland from Port Mores-
by, New Guinea.

Hall Sound to Milne Bay, southeastern New Guinea.

GENUS PTILORRHOA PETERS

Ptilorrhoa Peters, 1940, Auk, 57, p. 94. Type, by original
designation, Huwpetes caerulescens Temminck.

Mollitor Iredale, 1956 (subgenus of Ptilorrhoa Peters),
Birds New Guinea, 2, p. 86. Type, by original designa-
tion, Hupetes leucostictus Sclater.

PTILORRHOA LEUCOSTICTA

Ptilorrhoa leucosticta leucosticta (Sclater)

Eupetes leucostictus Sclater, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, (1878), p. 690, pl. 52 — Hatam, Arfak Mountains,
New Guinea.

Tamrau and Arfak Mountains, western New Guinea

(Vogelkop).

Ptilorrhoa leucosticta mayri (Hartert)

Eupetes leucostictus mayri Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool.,
36, p. 87 — Mount Wondiwoi, Wandammen Mountains,
New Guinea.

Wandammen Mountains, western New Guinea.

Ptilorrhoa leucosticta centralis (Mayr)

Eupetes leucostictus centralis Mayr, 1986, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 869, p. 1 — Weyland Mountains, New Gui-
nea.

Weyland Mountains, Nassau and Oranje Ranges, western

New Guinea.

Ptilorrhoa leucosticta sibilans (Mayr)

Eupetes leucostictus sibilans Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 17, p. 691 — Cyclops Mountains, northern New
Guinea.

Known only from type locality.

236 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

— Ptilorrhoa leucosticta amabilis (Mayr)

Eupetes leucostictus amabilis Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 17, p.. 691 —Junzaing [lat. 6° 23’ S.; dong:
147° 37’ E.], New Guinea.

Saruwaged Mountains, eastern New Guinea.

— Ptilorrhoa leucosticta loriae (Salvadori)
Eupetes loriae Salvadori, 1896, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 2, 16, p. 102 — Moroka [lat. 9° 24’ S., long. 147° 32’
E.], New Guinea.
Mountains of southeastern New Guinea, westward to
Mount Hagen and (subsp. ?) Schraderberg.

PTILORRHOA CAERULESCENS

/
__. Ptilorrhoa caerulescens caerulescens (Temminck) Loy 3 g

Eupetes caerulescens Temminck, 1835, Pl. col., livr. 97,
pl. 574 — Lobo [lat. 3° 45’ S., long. 134° 05’ E.], New
Guinea.

Eupetes caerulescens occidentalis Neumann, 1924, Orn.
Monatsb., 32, p. 39 — Waigama, Misol.

Misol; western New Guinea from the Vogelkop (Sorong

district) eastward to Etna Bay and the Wanggar River.

Ptilorrhoa caerulescens neumanni (Mayr and de Schauensee)
Eupetes caerulescens neumanni Mayr and de Schauensee,
1939, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 91, p. 122 —
Cyclops Mountains, northern New Guinea.
Northern New Guinea from the Mamberamo River south-
eastward to Astrolabe Bay.

~——Ptilorrhoa caerulescens nigricrissa (Salvadori)

Eupetes nigricrissus Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 9, p. 36 — Naiabui, Hall Sound, and Fly River,
southern New Guinea.

Southern New Guinea from Etna Bay and the Wanggar

River eastward to Milne Bay.

_Ptilorrhoa caerulescens geislerorum (Meyer)
Eupetes geislerorum A. B. Meyer, 1892, Journ. f. Orn.,
40, p. 259 — Butaueng [lat. 6° 36’ S., long. 147° 51’ E.],
New Guinea.
Eastern New Guinea from the Huon Gulf (Finschhafen)
southeastward to Collingwood Bay.

}

SUBFAMILY ORTHONYCHINAE ot

PTILORRHOA CASTANONOTA

Ptilorrhoa castanonota castanonota (Salvadori)

Eupetes castanonotus Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 7, p. 966 — Mount Morait [lat. 0° 45’ S., long.
131° 30’ E.], New Guinea.

Mountains of the Vogelkop, western New Guinea.

_—~- Ptilorrhoa castanonota saturata (Rothschild and Hartert)

Eupetes castanonotus saturatus Rothschild and Hartert,
1911, Orn. Monatsb., 19, p. 157— Snow Mountains,
New Guinea; type specimen from the Setekwa River,
Nassau Range, fide Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds,
pe 114;

Nassau Range, western New Guinea.

Ptilorrhoa castanonota uropygialis (Rand)

Eupetes castanonotus uropygialis Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1074, p. 2—six kilometers southwest of
Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, New Guinea.

Northern slopes of the Oranje Range, western New

Guinea.

: Ptilorrhoa castanonota buergersi (Mayr)

Eupetes castanonotus biirgersi Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool.
Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 691 — Lordberg, Sepik Mountains,
New Guinea.

Sepik Mountains (Lordberg and Etappenberg), central

New Guinea.

Ptilorrhoa castanonota par (Meise)

Eupetes castanonotus par Meise, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38,
p. 17 — Sattelberg [lat. 6° 30’ S., long. 147° 49’ E.],
New Guinea.

Saruwaged Range, eastern New Guinea.

_--Ptilorrhoa castanonota pulchra (Sharpe)
Eupetes pulcher Sharpe, 1882, Journ. Linn. Soc. London,
16 (1883), p. 319 — the back of the Astrolabe Range,
southeastern New Guinea.
Mountains of southeastern New Guinea from Herzog
Mountains southeastward to Owen Stanley Range.

238 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENUS EUPETES TEMMINCK

Eupetes Temminck, 1831, Pl. col., livr. 87, text to pl. 516.
Type, by original designation, Hupetes macrocerus
Temminck.

EUPETES MACROCERUS

-Eupetes macrocerus macrocerus Temminck!

Eupetes macrocerus Temminck, 1831 (Jan.), Pl. cols
livr. 87, pl. 516 — Padang [lat. 0° 58’ S., long. 100° 21’
E.], Sumatra.

Eupetes macrocercus Lesson, 1831 (June), Traité Orn.,
livr. 8, p. 649. Nomen emendatum.

Eupetes macrourus Temminck, 1835, Pl. col., livr. 97, text
to pl. 5738. Nomen emendatum.

Eupetes macrocercus griseiventris Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 38, p. 8— “Tang, Song Paa” [=Sathani
Thung Song (lat. 8° 10’ N., long. 99° 40’ E.) ], Thailand.

Malay Peninsula from province of Surat Thani, Thailand,
southward probably to Johore; Sumatra; North Natuna Is-
lands (Pulau Bunguran).

Eupetes macrocerus borneensis Robinson and Kloss

Eupetes macrocerus borneensis Robinson and Kloss, 1921,
Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 10, p. 204 — Batang
Samarahan, southern Sarawak.

Eupetes macrocercus subrufus Hachisuka, 1926, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 54— Mount Dulit, Sarawak.

Borneo.

1 The specific name macrocerus Temminck, 1831, seems to have re-
sulted from a printer’s misreading of the word macrourus in the
author’s hand-written copy. If there is to be any emendation, it must
be taken from Temminck’s own corrected version of 18385.

Unfortunately, for more than a century the spelling has been un-
justifiably altered to macrocercus by almost all authors. Inasmuch as
the original spelling macrocerus forms a pronounceable (although in-
appropriate) name, carries a visual resemblance to macrocercus, and
has been used by several well-known ornithologists during the past
thirty years, I retain the solecistic name of 1831 and treat the cor-
rected name of 1835 as a nomen emendatum.

SUBFAMILY ORTHONYCHINAE 239

GENUS MELAMPITTA SCHLEGEL

Melampitta Schlegel, 1873, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk., 4, afd.
2 (1871), p. 47. Type, by monotypy, Melampitta lugu-
bris Schlegel.

Mellopitta Stejneger, 1885, in Kingsley, Stand. Nat. Hist.,
4, Birds, p. 466. Alternative name.

MELAMPITTA LUGUBRIS
——~ Melampitta lugubris lugubris Schlegel
Melampitta lugubris [“‘Rosenberg’’] Schlegel, 1873, Ned.
Tijdsch. Dierk., 4, afd. 2 (1871), p. 47 — Arfak Moun-
tains, New Guinea.
Arfak Mountains, western New Guinea (Vogelkop).

Melampitta lugubris rostrata (Ogilvie-Grant)

Mellopitta lugubris rostrata Ogilvie-Grant, 19138, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 31, p. 104— Utakwa River, western
New Guinea.

Weyland Mountains and Nassau Range, western New

Guinea.

Melampitta lugubris longicauda Mayr and Gilliard
Melampitta lugubris longicauda Mayr and Gilliard, 1952,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1577, p. 1 — Mount Tafa, near
the Wharton Range, southeastern New Guinea.
Mountains of north-central and eastern New Guinea from
Oranje Range eastward to Owen Stanley Range; Huon Pe-
ninsula.
MELAMPITTA GIGANTEA
Melampitta gigantea (Rothschild)
Mellopitta gigantea Rothschild, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p.
187 — Mount Moari, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.
Arfak Mountains and Nassau Range, western New Gui-
nea.

GENUS IFRITA ROTHSCHILD
Ifrita Rothschild, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 7, p. 53.
Type, by monotypy, Ifrita coronata Rothschild.
IFRITA KOWALDI

—Tfrita kowaldi kowaldi (De Vis)
Todopsis kowaldi De Vis, 1890, Ann. Rept. Brit. New

240 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Guinea, 1888-1889, p. 59 — British New Guinea; type
from Owen Stanley Mountains, fide Mayr, 1941, List
New Guinea Birds, p. 113.

Ifrita coronata Rothschild, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
7, p. 54— low country east of Port Moresby, British
New Guinea; error, corrected to Owen Stanley Moun-
tains, by Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 483.

Ifrita kowaldi schalowiana Stresemann, 1922, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 30, p. 8 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains, New
Guinea.

Highlands of eastern and central New Guinea.

Ifrita kowaldi brunnea Rand
Ifrita kowaldi brunnea Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1074, p. 2— Mount Kunupi, Weyland Mountains,
New Guinea.
Westernmost part of central range of New Guinea (Nas-
sau and Weyland Mountains).

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE!
HERBERT G. DEIGNAN
cf. Delacour, 1946, Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 16, pp. 7-36.

GENUS PELLORNEUM SWAINSON

Pellorneum Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson,
Fauna Bor.-Amer., 2 (1831), p. 487. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Pellorneum ruficeps Swain-
son.

Drymocataphus Blyth, 1849, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
18, p. 815. Type, by original designation, Brachypteryx
nigrocapitata Eyton.

Scotocichla Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., 7, pp.
505 (in key), 522. Type, by monotypy, Drymocataphus
fuscocapillus Blyth.

cf. Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 107 (14), pp. 1-20
(races of ruficeps).
Ripley, 1949, Ibis, pp. 414-421 (races of albiventre).

1 MS read by J. Delacour, B. P. Hall (African forms), K. C. Parkes,
A. L. Rand, and S. D. Ripley.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 241

Delacour, 1951, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 21, pp. 88-90
(races of ruficeps, in part).

Ripley and Hall, 1954, Ibis, pp. 486-487 (races of albi-
ventre, in part).

PELLORNEUM RUFICEPS

Pellorneum ruficeps olivaceum Jerdon

P[ellorneum]. olivaceum Jerdon, 1839, Madras Journ.
Lit. Sci., 10, p. 255 — “jungles of Trichoor, Wurgun-
cherry and Manantoddy”’; restricted to Trichur, Tra-
vancore-Cochin, by Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
107 (14), p. 3.

Pellorneum ruficeps granti Harington, 19138, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 33, p. 81 — Mynall, Travancore-Cochin.

Southwestern India (Kerala).

_— Pellorneum ruficeps ruficeps Swainson

Pellorneum ruficeps Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and
Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 2 (1831), p. 487 —
India; type locality restricted to Coonoor, Madras, by
Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 3.

Hills and coastal lowlands of western India from Malabar
to Saurashtra; Eastern Ghats and adjacent lowlands from
southern Madras and Mysore to northern Andhra; isolated
hill tracts of Orissa and Bihar.

Pellorneum ruficeps punctatum (Gould)

Cinclidia punctata Gould, 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
5, p. 1837 — “the Himalaya Mountains’; type locality
restricted to Kalka, Himachal Pradesh, by Deignan,
1947, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 5.

Pellorneum ruficeps jonesi Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 41, p. 9 — Kalka, Himachal Pradesh.

Western Himalayas from Kangra eastward to Garhwal.

_ Pellorneum ruficeps mandellii Blanford
Pellorneum Mandellii Blanford, 1871, Proc. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, p. 216 — Sikkim.
Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and West Bengal (Darjeeling
District).

242 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—Pellorneum ruficeps chamelum Deignan
Pellorneum ruficeps chamelum Deignan, 1947, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 6— Gunjong, Cachar, Assam.
Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) from Garo Hills east-
ward to Naga Hills.

Pellorneum ruficeps pectorale Godwin-Austen
Pellorneum pectoralis [sic] Godwin-Austen, 1877, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 46, p. 41 — Sadiya, Assam.
Northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills).

Pellorneum ruficeps ripleyi Deignan
Pellorneum ruficeps ripleyi Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 107 (14), p. 7 — Margherita, Lakhimpur, Assam.
Northeastern Assam (Lakhimpur District, south of the
Brahmaputra).

Pellorneum ruficeps vocale Deignan
Pellorneum ruficeps vocale Deignan, 1951, Postilla, Yale
Univ., no. 7, p. 2 — Kanglatongbi, Manipur.
Valley of central Manipur.

Pellorneum ruficeps stageri Deignan
Pellorneum ruficeps stageri Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 107 (14), p. 8— N’Pon Village (on left bank of
the Irrawaddy, 15 miles north of Myitkyina), Kachin
State, Upper Burma.
Northeastern Burma (Myitkyina and Bhamo Districts).

Peliorneum ruficeps shanense Deignan
Pellorneum ruficeps shanense Deignan, 1947, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 9 — Ma-li-pa [lat. 23° 41’ N.,
long. 98° 46’ E.], Northern Shan State, Upper Burma.
Northern and Southern Shan States and southwestern
Yunnan, so far as these lie between the Mekong and Sal-
ween Rivers.

- Pellorneum ruficeps hilarum Deignan >
Pellorneum ruficeps hilarum Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 107 (14), p. 10— Kyundaw, Pakokku District,
Magwe Division, Upper Burma.
Dry zone of central Burma.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 243

Pellorneum ruficeps victoriae Deignan

Pellorneum ruficeps victoriae Deignan, 1947, Smiths.
Mise. Coll., 107 (14), p. 10 — Mount Victoria, Southern
Chin Hills, Upper Burma.

Burma (Chin Hills).

— Pellorneum ruficeps minus Hume

Pellorneum minor [sic] Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p.
298 — Thayetmyo District, Magwe Division, Upper
Burma.
Burma (valley of the lower Irrawaddy from Thayetmyo
District to its mouths). i
_— Pellorneum ruficeps subochraceum Swinhoe ~*

Pellorneum subochraceum Swinhoe, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, 7, p. 257 — “the Tenasserim provinces” ;°
restricted to Moulmein, Amherst District, by Deignan,
1947, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 12.

Tenasserim Division of Lower Burma and evergreen for-

est of southwestern Thailand from southern Tak Province
to Prachuap Khiri Khan Province.

Pellorneum ruficeps insularum Deignan

Pellorneum ruficeps insularum Deignan, 1947, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 12 — Domel Island [lat. 11° 37’
N., long. 98° 16’ E.], Mergui Archipelago.

Lower Burma (Mergui Archipelago).

wa

i )
_— Pellorneum ruficeps acrum Deignan /

Pellorneum ruficeps acrum Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc.
Coll; 107 (14), p: 13 — Yala: flat. 630’ Nz, long. 101°
15’ EH.) Thailand.
Open forests of central plains of Thailand (west of the
Chao Phaya) and of Malay Peninsula southward to central
Malaya.

— Pellorneum ruficeps chthonium Deignan

Pellorneum ruficeps chthonium Deignan, 1947, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 14— Doi Suthep [lat. 18° 50’
N., long. 98° 55’ E.], Thailand.
Northern plateau of Thailand (except area occupied by
indistinctum) .

244 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pellorneum ruficeps indistinctum Deignan
Pellorneum ruficeps indistinctum Deignan, 1947, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 16 — King Chiang Saen [lat.
20715" N., lone. 100° 05’ vEi, “Thailand.
Mekong drainage of the northern plateau of Thailand.

_— Pellorneum ruficeps oreum Deignan
Pellorneum ruficeps oreum Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 107 (14), p. 16 — Muong Moun [lat. 21° 42’ N.,
long. 103° 21’ E.], Tongking.
Hilly regions of southern Yunnan, northern Laos, and
Tongking, so far as these lie between the Mekong River and
the Black River-Red River divide.

_— Pellorneum ruficeps vividum La Touche “ ““/“@"
Pellorneum nipalense vividum La Touche, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 42, p. 17 — Hokow, southeastern Yunnan.
Valley of the Red River of Tongking from Chinese fron-
tier to its mouths and thence southward along coast of the
Gulf of Tongking to central Annam.

Pellorneum ruficeps elbeli Deignan
Pellorneum ruficeps elbeli Deignan, 1956, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 69, p. 208 — Ban Na Muang, near Muang
Daen-Sai flat. 17° 15% N.; long: 101° 05’ B.), Thailand:
Northwestern portion of eastern plateau of Thailand.

Pellorneum ruficeps ubonense Deignan
Pellorneum ruficeps ubonense Deignan, 1947, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 107 (14), p. 18—Ban Chanuman [lat.
16° 157 N., long. 105° 007 H.)sLhailand:
Easternmost portion of eastern plateau of Thailand and
adjacent region of southern Laos.

Pellorneum ruficeps deignani Delacour

Pellorneum ruficeps deignani Delacour, 1951, Oiseau Rev.
Franc. Orn., 21, p. 89 — Da Ban [lat. 12° 38’ N., lone:
109° 06’ E.], Annam.

Southern Annam.

Pellorneum ruficeps dilloni Delacour

Pellorneum ruficeps dilloni Delacour, 1951, Oiseau Rev.
Franc. Orn., 21, p. 90 — Trang Bom [lat. 10° 56’ N..,
long. 107° 00’ E.], Cochin China.

Forests of northern Cochin China.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 245

Pellorneum ruficeps euroum Deignan
Pellorneum ruficeps euroum Deignan, 1947, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 107 (14), p. 19 — Chanthaburi [lat. 12° 35’ N.,
long. 102° 05’ E.], Thailand.
Central plains of Thailand (east of the Chao Phaya),
southeastern Thailand, and western Cambodia.

Pellorneum ruficeps smithi Riley
Pelloineum smithi Riley, 1924, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 37, p. 129—Ko Chang [lat. 12° 00’ N., long.
102° 30’ E.], Thailand.
Islets off coast of southeastern Thailand and of Cambodia.

PELLORNEUM PALUSTRE

Pellorneum palustre Gould —

Pellorneum palustre “Jerd.” = Gould, 1872, Birds Asia, 3,
pt. 24, pl. 65 and text — Cachar, Assam.
Assam (valley of the Brahmaputra).

PELLORNEUM FUSCOCAPILLUM

Pellorneum fuscocapillum babaulti (Wells)
Scotocichla fuscicapilla babaulti Wells, 1919, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 39, p. 69 — Trincomalee, Ceylon.
Low-country dry zone of northern and eastern Ceylon.

—Pellorneum fuscocapillum fuscocapillum (Blyth) —~

Dr[ymocataphus]. fuscocapillus Blyth, 1849, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 18, p. 815 — Ceylon; inferentially
restricted to “S. W. Ceylon,” by Baker, 1921, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27 (3), p. 26, and here fur-
ther restricted to Colombo.

Wet zone of southwestern Ceylon (except area occupied

by scortillum).

Pellorneum fuscocapillum scortillum Ripley

Pellorneum fuscocapillum scortillum Ripley, 1946, Spolia
Zeylanica, 24, p. 226— Depedene Estate, Rakwana,
Sabaragamuwa, Ceylon.

Wettest parts of the wet zone of southwestern Ceylon

(from Hiniduma and Sinharadja Forest eastward through
the Pelmadulla area to Haputale).

246 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PELLORNEUM CAPISTRATUM
—Pellorneum capistratum nigrocapitatum (Eyton)
Brachypteryx nigrocapitata Eyton, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 7, p. 103 — Malaya.
Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui Dis-

trict) and the Isthmus of Kra southward to Singapore;
North Natuna Islands; Billiton.

Pellorneum capistratum nyctilampis (Oberholser)
Drymocataphus nigrocapitatus nyctilampis Oberholser,
1922, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 10 — Bukit Par-
masang, Bangka.
Sumatra; Bangka.

- Pellorneum capistratum capistratoides (Strickland)
Goldana capistratoides Strickland, 1849, in Jardine,
Contrib. Orn., p. 128, pl. 36 — Borneo; here restricted
to Pontianak flat. 0°02” S., long. 109°: 227 B.1:
Western and southern Borneo.

~ Pellorneum capistratum morrelli Chasen and Kloss

Pellorneum capistratum morrelli Chasen and Kloss, 1929,
Journ. f. Orn., Ergainzungsb. 2, p. 118 — Kudat, North
Borneo.

Northern and eastern Borneo; Banggai Island.

~ Pellorneum capistratum capistratum (Temminck)
Myiothera capistrata Temminck, 1823, Pl. col., livr. 31,
pl. 185; fig. 1 — Java.
Java.
PELLORNEUM ALBIVENTRE
—~ Peilorneum albiventre ignotum Hume
Pellorneum ignotum Hume, 1877 (Aug.), Stray Feathers,
5, p. 834 — “Dollah,” near Sadiya, Assam.
Northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills).

Pellorneum albiventre albiventre (Godwin-Austen)

Neornis albiventris Godwin-Austen, 1877 (Apr. 19),
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 45 (1876), p. 199 — Seng-
mai, Manipur.

Turdinus nagaénsis Godwin-Austen, 1877 (Dec.), Ann.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 247

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 20, p. 519— eastern Naga
Hills, Assam.

Bhutan-Assam border (Diwangiri); Assam (south of the
Brahmaputra) from Cachar eastward to Naga Hills and
Manipur, thence southward into western Burma (Chin
Hills).

— Pellorneum albiventre cinnamomeum (Rippon) / >>“

Drymocataphus cinnamomeus Rippon, 1900, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 11, p. 12— Loi Mai [lat. 20° 25’ N., long.
97° 26’ E.], Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.

Drymocataphus albiventer vicinus Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 53, p. 132— Fimnom [lat. 11° 47’
N., long. 108° 24’ E.], Annam.

Northern and Southern Shan States, Karenni State, and

northwestern Thailand; southern Laos (Boloven Plateau) ;
southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

~Pellorneum albiventre pusillum (Delacour)

Drymocataphus pusillus Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 47, p. 161—Tam Dao [lat. 21° 27’ N., long.
105° 40’ E.], Tongking.

Eastern regions of northern Laos and western Tongking.

GENUS TRICHASTOMA BLyTH

Trichastoma Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11,
p. 795. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray,
1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 41), Trichastoma
rostratum Blyth. Not preoccupied by Trichostoma Pic-
tet, 1834, Trichoptera.

Malacocincla Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14,
p. 600. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Malacocincla abbotti Blyth.

Trichostoma Strickland, 1849, in Jardine, Contrib. Orn.,
p. 126. Nomen emendatum.

Illadopsis Heine, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 7 (1859), p. 430.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Turdiros-
tris fulvescens Cassin.

Nannothera Sundevall, 1872, Tentamen, pt. 1, p. 11. Type,
by original designation and monotypy, Brachypteryx
sepiaria Blyth, 2.e., Horsfield.

Erythrocichla Sharpe, 18838, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, pp.

248 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

506 (in key), 551. Type, by monotypy, Brachypteryx
bicolor Lesson.

Ptilopyga Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., 7, pp. 507
(in key), 585. Type, by subsequent designation (Anon.,
1883, Ibis, p. 578), Malacocincla rufiventris Salvadori.

Anuropsis Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., 7, pp.
507 (in key), 588. Type, by subsequent designation
(Anon., 18838, Ibis, p. 573), Brachypteryx malaccensis
Hartlaub.

Aethostoma Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 12, p. 54.
New name for Trichostoma Blyth, 7.e., Strickland (nom.
emend.), preoccupied.

Elocincla Riley, 1989, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 29,
p. 39. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Elocincla aenigma Riley = Malacocincla rufiventris
Salvadori.

cf. Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 159, pp. 61-63
(races of malaccense, sub nom. Anuropsis).

Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, pp. 109-111 (races
of celebense, sub nom. Malacocinela).

Delacour, 1946, Zoologica [New York], 31, p. 3.

Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 38, pp.
184-185 (races of abbotti, in part, sub nom. Malaco-
cincla).

Chapin, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75A, pp.
206-221 (African forms, in part, sub nom. Malaco-
cincla).

TRICHASTOMA TICKELLI
‘Trichastoma tickelli assamense (Sharpe) °° 7
Drymocataphus assamensis Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit.

Mus., 7, pp. 552 (in key), 557 — Dikrang valley, Dhol-

lah, northeastern Assam.

Assam (both north and south of the Brahmaputra) and
northwestern Burma (Upper Chindwin).

Trichastoma tickelli grisescens (Ticehurst)

Drymocataphus tickelli grisescens Ticehurst, 19382, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 53, p. 18 — “‘Nyaunggyo stream, Ta-
ungup-Prome cart-road, Arakan Yoma, 2,500 feet,”
Lower Burma.

Southwestern Burma (Arakan Yoma).

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 249

—Trichastoma tickelli fulvum (Walden)

Drymocataphus fulvus Walden, 1875, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, 15, p. 401 — Karenni State, Upper Burma.

Drymocataphus tickelli olivaceus Kinnear, 1924, Bull.
Brit; ,Orn. Club; 45, p: 11— Bao Ha f[ilat. 22° 10’ N.,
long. 104° 21’ E.], Tongking. Not Malacopteron oliva-
ceum Strickland, 1847 = Trichastoma abbotti olivaceum
(Strickland), nor Mixornis olivaceus Tickell, 1859 =
Pellornium [sic] Tickelli Blyth = Trichastoma tickelli
tickelli (Blyth).

Drymocataphus tickelli ochraceus Kinnear, 1934, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club., 55, p. 538. New name for Drymocata-
phus tickellt olivaceus Kinnear, preoccupied.

Northeastern Burma, Shan and Karenni States, northern

Thailand, northern Laos, northern Annam, western Tong-
king, and southwestern Yunnan.

Trichastoma tickelli annamense (Delacour)

Drymocataphus tickelli annamensis Delacour, 1926, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 17 — Col des Nuages [lat. 16° 11’
N., long. 108° 08’ E.], Annam.
Central Annam southward to northern Cochin China;
southern Laos (Boloven Plateau).

Trichastoma tickelli tickelli (Blyth)

Pellornium [sic] Tickelli Blyth, 1859, Journ. Asiat. Soe.
Bengal, 28, p. 414— mountainous interior of Tenas-
serim; type from ‘Woods of Teewap’hado, 1,100 to
1,500 feet,” Amherst District, fide Tickell, 1860, ibid.
(1859), p. 449.

Drymocataphus tickelli australis Robinson and Kloss,
1921, Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., 10, p. 205
—Ginting Bidei [lat. 3°18’ N., long. 101° 50’ E.],
Selangor, Malaya.

From central Tenasserim (Amherst District) and adja-

cent areas of Thailand (Tak Province) southward over
Malay Peninsula to southern Selangor.

— Trichastoma tickelli buettikoferi Vorderman
Trichostoma biittikoferi Vorderman, 1892, Natuurk.
Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indié, 51, p. 230 — Lampung district,
southern Sumatra.
Sumatra.

250 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

TRICHASTOMA PYRROGENYS

Trichastoma pyrrogenys pyrrogenys (Temminck)
Myiothera pyrrogenys Temminck, 1827, Pl. col., livr. 74,
pl. 442, fig. 2— Java; type locality restricted to Ban-
tam Province, by Kloss, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 346.
Western Java.

Trichastoma pyrrogenys besuki (Kloss)

Aethostoma pyrrogenys besuki Kloss, 1931, Treubia, 13,
p. 346 — Tamansari [lat. 8° 16’ S., long. 113° 44’ E.],
near Banyuwangi, Java.

Eastern Java.

Trichastoma pyrrogenys erythrote (Sharpe)
Malacopterum erythrote Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds. Brit.
Mus., 7, pp. 564 (in key), 567, pl. 13, fig. 2 — Borneo;
type characteristic of population of western Sarawak.
Mounts Poi and Penrissen, western Sarawak.

Trichastoma pyrrogenys longstaffi (Harrisson and Hartley)
Malacocincla canicapillus longstaffi Harrisson and Hart-
ley, 1934, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 54, p. 152 — Mount
Dulit, Sarawak.
Highlands of Sarawak (except area occupied by eryth-
rote).

Trichastoma pyrrogenys canicapillum (Sharpe)
Turdinus canicapillus Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 450 — Kina
Balu, North Borneo.
Highlands of North Borneo.

TRICHASTOMA MALACCENSE

—~Trichastoma malaccense malaccense (Hartlaub)

B[rachypteryx]. malaccensis Hartlaub, 1844, Syst. Verz.
Naturh. Samml. Ges. Mus. (Bremen), Abth. 1, p. 40
— Malacca.

Anuropsis malaccensis nesitis Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Mise. Coll., 60 (7), p. 8— Pulau Tanah Masa, Batu
Islands.

Anuropsis malaccensis exsanguis Oberholser, 1912,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 8— Pulau Tuangku,
Banyak Islands.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 25

Anuropsis malaccensis drymodrama Oberholser, 1922,
Smiths. Mise. Coll., 74 (2), p. 9—Sungei Mandau,
eastern Sumatra.

Anuropsis malaccensis driophila Oberholser, 1922, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 9 — Khao Soi Dao [lat. 7° 20’ N..,
long. 99° 50’ E.], Thailand.

From southern Tenasserim (Mergui District) and Isth-
mus of Kra southward over Malay Peninsula to Singapore;
Riouw and Lingga Archipelagos; Sumatra and islands off
western coast (Banyak and Batu Groups) ; Anamba Islands
and North Natuna Islands.

_— Trichastoma malaccense saturatum (Robinson and Kloss)
Anuropsis malaccensis saturata Robinson and Kloss,
1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 68 — Sungei Tinjar,
Baram district, Sarawak.
Anuropsis malaccensis docima Oberholser, 1922, Smiths.

Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 10 — Tanjong Tedung, Bangka.
Bangka; Billiton; western half of Borneo.

——Trichastoma malaccense poliogene (Strickland)

Brachypteryx poliogenis Strickland, 1849, in Jardine,
Contrib. Orn., p. 93, pl. 31— Borneo, ex Boie; type
from the Sungei Karau, southeastern Borneo, fide Biit-
tikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 84.

Anuropsis malaccensis sordidus [sic] Chasen and Kloss,
1929, Journ. f. Orn., Erganzungsb., 2, p. 119 — Betto-
tan, near Sandakan, North Borneo.

Eastern half of Borneo.

_——Trichastoma (malaccense ?) feriatum (Chasen and Kloss)

Anuropsis malaccensis feriatus [sic] Chasen and Kloss,
1931, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 279—Gunong Mulu [lat.
4° 04’ N., long. 114° 57’ E.], Sarawak.

Known only from unique type.

TRICHASTOMA CINEREICEPS!
—Trichastoma cinereiceps (Tweeddale)

Drymocataphus cinereiceps Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool.
Soe. London, p. 617 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan.
Palawan and Balabac, Philippine Islands.

1 Trichastoma cinereiceps and malaccense comprise a superspecies.

252 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

TRICHASTOMA ROSTRATUM
Trichastoma rostratum rostratum Blyth

Tr[ichastoma]. rostratum Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 11, p. 795 — Singapore.

Ptilocichla leucogastra Davison, 1892, Ibis, p. 100 — Ma-
lay Peninsula.

Aethostoma rostrata [sic] aethalea [sic] Oberholser,
1922, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 12 — Pulau Kari-
mun Anak, Riouw Archipelago.

Aethostoma rostrata [sic] paganica [sic] Oberholser,
1922, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 12— Upper Siak
River, eastern Sumatra.

Southern Tenasserim (Mergui District) and Isthmus of

Kra southward over Malay Peninsula to Singapore; Riouw
and Lingga Archipelagos; Sumatra; Billiton.

~~ Trichastoma rostratum macropterum (Salvadori)

Brachypteryx macroptera Salvadori, 1868, Atti R. Accad.
Sci. Torino, 3, p. 528 — Sarawak.

Brachypteryx umbratilis “(Temm.)” Salvadori, 1874,
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5, p. 220 — Borneo. Misappli-
cation of Trichostoma umbratile Strickland, 1849 =
Rhinomyias umbratilis (Strickland).

[Aethostoma] umbratile “(Strickl.)” Sharpe, 1908,
Handlist Gen. Spec. Birds, 4, p. 38 — Borneo. Misappli-
cation of Trichostoma umbratile Strickland, 1849.

A[éthostoma]. witmeri Sharpe, 19038, Hand-list Gen.
Spec. Birds, 4, p. 358. New name for [Aethostoma]
umbratile ‘(Strickl.)’’ Sharpe, considered preoccupied.

Borneo and Banggai.

TRICHASTOMA BICOLOR

~Trichastoma bicolor (Lesson)

Brachypteryx bicolor Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 188
— Sumatra.

Erythrocichla bicolor whiteheadi Hartert, 1915, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 36 — Bengkoka River, North
Borneo.

Erythrocichla bicolor bankana Riley, 1938, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 51, p. 96 — Klabat Bay, Bangka.

Southern Tenasserim (Mergui District) and Isthmus of

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 258

Kra southward over Malay Peninsula to Johore; eastern
Sumatra; Bangka; Borneo.

TRICHASTOMA SEPIARIUM

Trichastoma sepiarium tardinatum (Hartert)

Malacocincla sepiaria tardinata Hartert, 1915, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 36, p. 35 — Gunong Tahan [lat. 4° 38’ N.,
long. 102° 14’ E.], Pahang.

Malay Peninsula from Siamese province of Pattani south-

ward to Selangor and Pahang.

Trichastoma sepiarium liberale (Chasen)

Malacocincla sepiaria liberalis Chasen, 1941, in Chasen
and Hoogerwerf, Treubia, 18, suppl., p. 80 — Pulau
Munteh, near Pendeng [lat. 4° 08’ N., long. 97° 36’ E.],
Acheh, Sumatra.

Highlands of northwestern Sumatra.

Trichastoma sepiarium barussanum (Robinson and Kloss)
Malacocincla sepiaria barussana Robinson and Kloss,
1921, Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., 10, pt. 3,
p. 205 — Siulak Deras [lat. 1° 54’ S., long. 101° 18’ E.],
Sumatra.
Highlands of southwestern Sumatra.

_-Trichastoma sepiarium sepiarium (Horsfield)
Brachypteryx sepiaria Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 13, p. 158 — Java; here restricted to Bogor
[lat. 6° 36’ S., long. 106° 48’ E.].
Western and central Java.

Trichastoma sepiarum minus (Meyer)

Turdinus sepiarius (Horsf.) var. minor A. B. Meyer,
1884, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1, p. 210 — Java; here re-
stricted to Lawang [lat. 7° 50’ S., long. 112° 42’ E.].

Myjiothera pyca “Boie” = Biittikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden
Mus., 17, p. 82 — Java; here restricted to Lawang.

Eastern Java; Bali.

—Trichastoma sepiarium rufiventre (Salvadori)

Malacocincla rufiventris Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ.

Genova, 5, p. 229 — Sarawak.

254 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Turdinus tephrops Sharpe, 18938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
1, p. 54 — Mount Kalulong, Sarawak.

1Hlocincla aenigma Riley, 1939, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., 29, p. 39 — Klumpang Bay, southeastern Borneo.

Western and southern Borneo.

Trichastoma sepiarium harterti (Chasen and Kloss)

Malacocincla sepiaria harterti Chasen and Kloss, 1929,
Journ. f. Orn., Erganzungsb., 2, p. 116 — Bettotan, near
Sandakan, North Borneo.

Northern and eastern Borneo.

TRICHASTOMA CELEBENSE
~ Trichastoma celebense celebense (Strickland)

Trichostoma [sic] celebense Strickland, 1849, in Jardine,
Contrib. Orn., p. 127, pl. 35, ant. fig. — Celebes; type
specimen characteristic of population of northern pe-
ninsula.

Turdinus castaneus Biittikofer, 1893, Notes Leyden Mus.,
15, p. 261 — Minahassa Peninsula, Celebes.

Northern peninsula (Minahassa) of Celebes.

Trichastoma celebense connectens (Mayr)

Aethostoma celebense connectens Mayr, 1938, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 46, p. 157 — Pinedapa, north-central Celebes.

North-central Celebes.

__- Trichastoma celebense rufofuscum (Stresemann)

Aethostoma celebense rufofuscum Stresemann, 1931, Orn.
Monatsb., 39, p. 45 — Uru [lat. 3° 30’ S., long. 119° 56’
E.], Celebes.

Western foreland of the Latimojong Range, Celebes.

_ Trichastoma celebense finschi (Walden)

Trichostoma [sic] finschi Walden, 1876, Ibis, p. 378, pl.
11, fig. 1 — Makassar District, Celebes.

Southern part of the southwestern peninsula, Celebes.

1 A topotypical series may show that this name should be synony-
mized with harterti.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE PASS)

_—Trichastoma celebense improbatum Deignan, nom. nov.!
Aethostoma celebense sordidum Stresemann, 1938, Orn.
Monatsb., 46, p. 147—Lalolai [lat. 4° 03’ S., long.
121° 53’ E.], Celebes. Not Anwropsis malaccensis sor-
dida Chasen and Kloss, 1929 = Trichastoma malaccense
poliogene (Strickland).
Eastern and southeastern peninsulas, Celebes; Pulau
Buton.

Trichastoma celebense togianense (Voous)

Malacocincla celebensis togianensis Voous, 1952, Ardea,
40, p. 74 — Malenge, Togian Islands, Gulf of Tomini.
Known only from type locality.

TRICHASTOMA ABBOTTI
Trichastoma abbotti amabile (Koelz)
Malacocincla abbotti amabilis Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool.
Soc. India, 4, p. 39 — Nichuguard, Naga Hills, Assam.
Low elevations from Sikkim and eastern Nepal eastward,
along valley of the Brahmaputra, to eastern Assam.

Trichastoma abbotti alterum Sims

Trichastoma abbotti alterum Sims, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 77, p. 154— Thua Luu [lat. 16°16’ N., long.
108° 00’ E.], Annam.

Central Laos (Wiang Chan or Vientiane) and central

Annam.

Trichastoma abbotti williamsoni (Deignan)

Malacocincla abbotti williamsoni Deignan, 1948, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 185— Ban Pak Chong
dat. 14° 40’ N., lone. 101° 25’ E.), Thailand:

Southwestern portion of the eastern plateau of Thailand

and northwestern Cambodia.

Trichastoma abbotti obscurius (Deignan)

Malacocincla abbotti obscurior Deignan, 1948, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 185 — Khao Sa Bap [lat.
12235? Nz lone. 102° 15’ E.], Thailand.

Coastal areas of southeastern Thailand from Chon Buri

Province to Trat; the islet Ko Kut, off the coast of Trat.
1 The homonymy of sordidum in Trichastoma has been brought to

the attention of its author, who has disclaimed responsibility for its
renaming.

256 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

— Trichastoma abbotti abbotti (Blyth)

M{[alacocincla]. Abbotti Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 14, p. 601 — Ramree Island, Arakan, Lower
Burma.

Malacocincla abbott rufescentior Deignan, 1948, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 184— Ban Tha Lo [ca.
lat. 9° 05’ N., long. 99° 15’ E.], Thailand.

Southern Burma from Arakan southeastward to southern-
most Tenasserim (including Mergui Archipelago) ; Thailand
from central plains west of Chao Phaya River southward,
through southwestern and peninsular provinces (except
area occupied by olivaceum), to extreme south; northwest-
ern Malaya (Langkawi Islands, Perlis, and Kedah).

~ Trichastoma abbotti olivaceum (Strickland)

Malacopteron olivaceum Strickland, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 14 (1846), p. 102 — Malacca.
Peninsular Thailand (Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat
Provinces )and Malaya (except area occupied by abbotit) ;
eastern Sumatra.

Trichastoma abbotti sirense (Oberholser)

Malacocincla Biittikofert Finsch, 1901, Notes Leyden
Mus., 22, p. 218 — Kahajan and Karau Rivers, south-
eastern Borneo. Not Trichostoma [sic] biittikoferi
Vorderman, 1892.

Malacocincla abbotti sirensis Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 54, p. 195 — Pulau Mata Siri [lat. 4° 48’ S.,
long. 115° 48’ E.], Java Sea.

Malacocincla abbotti eritora Oberholser, 1922, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 11 — Telok Buding, Billiton.

Malacocincla abotti [sic] voousi Wynne, 1955, North
Western Naturalist [Arbroath, Scotland], new ser., 3,
p. 120. New name for Malacocincla Biittikoferi Finsch,
preoccupied.

Billiton; Borneo; Pulau Mata Siri.

Trichastoma abbotti baweanum (Oberholser)
Malacocincla abbotti baweana Oberholser, 1917, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 52, p. 194 — Pulau Bawean [lat. 5° 48’
S., long. 112° 39’ E.], Java Sea.
Bawean.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 251

TRICHASTOMA PERSPICILLATUM

Trichastoma perspicillatum (Bonaparte)
[Cacopitta] perspicillata ‘‘Temm. Mus. Lugd.” Bonaparte,
1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 257 — “Java,” error; corrected
to Borneo, by Biittikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 17,
p. 83.
Known only from unique type (described by Biittikofer,
1895, loc. cit. supra, and depicted in Smythies, 1960, Birds
Borneo, pl. 45, fig. 7).

TRICHASTOMA VANDERBILTI

Trichastoma vanderbilti (de Schauense and Ripley)

Malacocincla vanderbilti de Schauensee and Ripley, 1940,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 91, p. 351, pl. 20 —
Koengke, 3,100 ft., Atjeh, north Sumatra.

Known only from type locality. (Possibly a geographical
representative of Tr. perspicillatum.)

TRICHASTOMA PYRRHOPTERUM

Trichastoma pyrrhopterum (Reichenow and Neumann)

Callene pyrrhoptera Reichenow and Neumann, 1895, Orn.
Monatsb., 3, p. 75 — Mau [lat. 0° 10’ S., long. 35° 41’
E.], Kenya.

Turdinus jacksoni Sharpe, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
11, p. 29 — Nandi District, Kenya.

Turdinus pyrrhopterus kivuensis Neumann, 1908, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 55 — Mount Sabinyo [lat. 1° 22’
S., long. 29° 36’ E.], western Kivu Range, Belgian
Congo.

Turdinus tanganjicae Reichenow, 1917, Journ. f. Orn.,
65, p. 391 — primeval forest westward of Lake Tan-
ganyika, Belgian Congo.

Turdinus pyrrhopterus elgonensis Granvik, 19238, Journ.
f. Orn., 71, Sonderheft, p. 256 — Mount Elgon, Kenya.

Pseudoalcippe pyrrhoptera nyasze Benson, 1939, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 48—Nyakhowa Mountain
(Mount Laws), near Livingstonia, Nyasaland.

Highlands of eastern Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west of

the Rift Valley), western Tanganyika, and northern Nyasa-
land.

258 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

TRICHASTOMA CLEAVERI

Trichastoma cleaveri johnsoni (Biittikofer)
Drymocataphus johnsoni Biittikofer, 1889, Notes Leyden
Mus., 11, p. 97 — Hill Town, Dukwia, Liberia.
Forests of Sierra Leone and Liberia.

Trichastoma cleaveri cleaveri (Shelley)
Drymocataphus cleavert Shelley, 1874, Ibis, p. 89 —
Fanti region, Ghana.
Forests of Ghana.

Trichastoma cleaveri marchanti (Serle)

Illadopsis cleavert marchanti Serle, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 76, p. 22 — Omanelu [lat. 5° 12’ N., long. 6° 52’
E.], Nigeria.

Forests of southern Nigeria (Rivers and Owerri Prov-

inces).

~—-Trichastoma cleaveri batesi (Sharpe)
Turdinus batesi Sharpe, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 12,
p. 2— Efulen [lat. 2° 42’ N., long. 10° 30’ E.], French
Cameroons.
Forests of southeastern Nigeria, the Cameroons, Gabon,

and Moyen Congo.

Trichastoma cleaveri poense (Bannerman)
Illadopsis cleaveri poensis Bannerman, 1934, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 54, p. 107 — near Bakaki, Fernando Po.
Fernando Po.

TRICHASTOMA ALBIPECTUS

Trichastoma albipectus albipectus (Reichenow)
Turdinus albipectus Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35,
p. 807 — Stanley Falls, Belgian Congo.
Forests of northern Angola and the northern Congo east-
ward to the Ituri.

—Trichastoma albipectus barakae (Jackson)
Turdinus barake Jackson, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 16,
p. 90 — Kibiro [lat. 1° 40’ N., long. 31° 15’ E.], Uganda.
Forests of the northern Congo east of the Ituri, Uganda,
the southern Sudan, and southwestern Kenya.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 259

TRICHASTOMA RUFESCENS

Trichastoma rufescens (Reichenow)
Turdirostris rufescens Reichenow, 1878, Journ. f. Orn.,
26, p. 209 — Liberia.
Forests of western Africa from Sierra Leone eastward
to Ghana.

TRICHASTOMA RUFIPENNE

Trichastoma rufipenne extremum (Bates)

Malacocincla rufipennis extrema Bates, 1930, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 51, p. 49 — near Nzerekoré, French Guinea.
Forests of western Africa from eastern Sierra Leone
eastward, through French Guinea and the Ivory Coast, to
Ghana.

_ Trichastoma rufipenne rufipenne Sharpe

Trichastoma rufipennis [sic] Sharpe, 1872, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 10, p. 451 — Gabon.

Turdinus pumilus Reichenow, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12,
p. 28 — Bipindi, Cameroons.

Alethe polioparea Reichenow, 1912, Journ. f. Orn., 60,
psec — Anew Pat: 3304 N., long, 24227’ f.), Bel-
gian Congo.

Turdinus albipectus minutus van Someren, 1915, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 35, p. 126 — Mabira Forest, Uganda.

Forests. of southern Nigeria, the Cameroons, Gabon, the

Congo, Uganda, and southwestern Kenya.

Trichastoma rufipenne bocagei (Salvadori)
Turdinus bocagei Salvadori, 1903, Boll. Mus. Zool. To-
rino, 18, p. 1 — Fernando Po.
Fernando Po.

__-Trichastoma rufipenne distans (Friedmann) / (

Turdinus rufipennis distans Friedmann, 1928, Proc. New
England Zool. Club, 10, p. 48— Amani, Usambara
Mountains, northeastern Tanganyika.

Illadopsis rufipennis puguensis Grant and Mackworth-
Praed, 1940, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 60, p. 61 — Pugu
Hills, inland from Dar-es-Salaam, Tanganyika.

Northeastern Tanganyika and Zanzibar.

260 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

TRICHASTOMA FULVESCENS

___.Trichastoma fulvescens gulare (Sharpe)
Illadopsis gularis Sharpe, 1870, Ibis, p. 474 — Elmina,

Ghana.
Forests from French Guinea, through Sierra Leone, Li-

beria, and the Ivory Coast, to western Ghana.

Trichastoma fulvescens moloneyanum (Sharpe)
Turdinus moloneyanus Sharpe, 1892, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 228, pl. 20, fig. 2— Gold Coast [= Ghana].
Forests of eastern Ghana and Togo.

Trichastoma fulvescens iboense (Hartert)
Turdinus moloneyanus iboensis Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 19, p. 84 — Okuta, southwestern Nigeria.
Turdinus phoebei Kemp, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21,
p. 111 — Aguleri, southwestern Nigeria.
Forests of southwestern Nigeria.

— Trichastoma fulvescens fulvescens (Cassin)

Turdirostris fulvescens Cassin, 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, 11, p. 54 — Cama River, Gabon.

Turdinus rufiventris Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1,
p. 177 — Yaunde, French Cameroons. Not Malacocincla
rufiventris Salvadori, 1874.

Turdinus cerviniventris Sharpe, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 12, p. 3 — Conde, Congo [= Cabinda].

[Turdinus] reichenowi Sharpe, 1908, Hand-list Gen. Spec.
Birds, 4, p. 88. New name for Turdinus rufiventris
Reichenow, preoccupied.

Forests from the Cameroons southward to the western

Congo.

Trichastoma fulvescens dilutius (White)

Malacocincla fulvescens dilutior White, 1953, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 73, p. 96 — Ndala Tando [= Vila Salazar],
northern Angola.

Forests of northern Angola.

— Trichastoma fulvescens ugandae (van Someren)
Turdinus ugandxz van Someren, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 35, p. 125 — Sezibwa River forest, Uganda.
Forests of the northern Congo and Uganda.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 261

TRICHASTOMA PUVELI

_ Trichastoma puveli puveli (Salvadori)
Turdinus puvelt Salvadori, 1901, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 2, 20 (1899-1901) p. 767 — Rio Cacine, Portuguese
Guinea.
Forests of western Africa from Portuguese Guinea south-
ward to Sierra Leone.

Trichastoma puveli strenuipes (Bannerman)

Turdinus strenuipes Bannerman, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 41, p. 5—Iju Waterworks, near Lagos, south-
western Nigeria.

Ptyrticus puveli strenuiceps “(Bannerm.)” Sclater, 1930,
Syst. Av. Aethiop., pt. 2, p. 360. Lapsus.

Forests of southern Nigeria, the Cameroons, and north-

eastern Congo.

TRICHASTOMA POLIOTHORAX

Trichastoma poliothorax (Reichenow)

Alethe poliothorax Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p.
6 — “Bangwa,” Cameroons [= “an elevated district at
about 5° 15’ N., 10° 25’ E., with peaks rising to 5,000
ft.,” fide Serle, 1951, in Bannerman, Birds Trop. West
Afr., 8, p. 378].

Alethe moort Alexander, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13,
p. 87 — Bakaki, Fernando Po.

Highlands of Fernando Po and of southern (British)
Cameroons (Cameroon Mountain, Kupé Mountain, Bamen-
da); highlands of the eastern Congo from west of Lake
Albert to northwest of Lake Tanganyika; southern Ruanda;
highlands of southwestern Kenya (Kavirondo District).

GENUS LEONARDINA MEARNS

Leonardia Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18,
p. 1. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Leo-
nardia woodi Mearns. Not Leonardia Tapparone-Canef-
ri, 1890, Mollusca.

Leonardina Mearns, 1906, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
18, p. 88. New name for Leonardia Mearns, preoccu-
pied.

cf. Rand, 1950, Nat. Hist. Misc. [Chicago], no. 60, pp. 1-2.

262 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

LEONARDINA WOODI
Leonardina woodi (Mearns)

Leonardia woodi Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-

ton, 18, p. 2 — Todaya, 4,000 ft., Mount Apo, Mindanao.

Mindanao (Mount Apo and Mount Malindang), Philip-
pine Islands.

GENUS PTYRTICUS HARTLAUB

Ptyrticus Hartlaub, 1883, Journ. f. Orn., 31, p. 425. Type,
by monotypy, Ptyrticus turdinus Hartlaub.

PTYRTICUS TURDINUS
Ptyrticus turdinus harterti Stresemann

Ptyrticus turdinus harterti Stresemann, 1921, Anz. Orn.
Ges. Bayern, 1, p. 38— Upper Kadei region, Cam-
eroons.

Grasslands of central Cameroons.

_—Ptyrticus turdinus turdinus Hartlaub

Ptyrticus turdinus Hartlaub, 18838, Journ. f. Orn., 31, p.
425 — Tomaya [lat. 4° 38’ N., long. 29° 50’ E.], Sudan.
Southwestern Sudan and northeastern Congo.

Ptyrticus turdinus upembae Verheyen

Ptyrticus turdinus upembexe Verheyen, 1951, Bull. Inst.
Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, 21, p. 2— Kabwe [lat. 8° 48’
S., long. 26° 50’ E.], Belgian Congo.

Southeastern Congo.

GENUS MALACOPTERON EyYTON

Malacopteron Eyton, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 7,
p. 102. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland,
1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, p. 417), Malacopteron
magnum Eyton.

Setaria Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 385.
Type, by monotypy, Setaria albogularis Blyth. Not Se-
taria Viborg, 1795, Vermes (Nematoda), nor Setaria
Oken, 1815, Vermes (Gordiacea).

Malacornis Gistl, 1850, Isis (Miinchen), no. 6, p. 95. New
name for Malacopteron Eyton, considered preoccupied
by Malacopterus Audinet-Serville, 1834, Coleoptera.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 263

Ophrydornis Biittikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p.
101. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Se-
taria albogularis Blyth.

Horizillas Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48 (1),
p. 65. New name for Malacopteron Eyton, considered
preoccupied by Malacopterus Audinet-Serville, 1834,
Coleoptera.

cf. Buttikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, pp. 101-106.
Voous, 1950, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 5, pp. 300-320.

MALACOPTERON MAGNIROSTRE

_Malacopteron magnirostre magnirostre (Moore)

Alcippe magnirostris Moore, 1854, in Horsfield and Moore,
Cat. Birds Mus. East India Co., 1, pp. xiv (in list), 407
— Malacca.
Malacopteron magnirostris flavum Chasen and Kloss,
1928, Journ. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 6, pp.
47 (in list), 58 — Pulau Siantan, Anamba Islands.
Southern Tenasserim and peninsular Thailand (Prachuap
Khiri Khan Province) southward over Malay Peninsula to
Singapore; Pulau Tioman and Anamba Islands; Lingga Ar-
chipelago; Sumatra and Pulau Mansalar, off its western
coast.

__Malacopteron magnirostre cinereocapillum (Salvadori)

Alcippe cinereocapilla Salvadori, 1868, Atti R. Acad. Sci.
Torino, 3, p. 530 — Sarawak.
Turdinus kalulonge Sharpe, 1893, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
1, p. 54 — Mount Kalulong, Sarawak.
Borneo.
MALACOPTERON AFFINE

_-Malacopteron affine affine (Blyth)

Tr [ichastoma]. affine Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 11, p. 795 — Singapore.

Alcippe Cantori Moore, 1854, in Horsfield and Moore, Cat.
Birds Mus. East India Co., 1, pp. xiv (in list), 406 —
Penang.

Malacopterum melanocephalum Davison, 1892, Ibis, p.
101 — mouth of the Temeling River, Pahang.

Southeastern peninsular Thailand (Pattani Province)

southward through Malaya to Singapore; Sumatra.

264 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Malacopteron affine notatum Richmond

Malacopteron notatum Richmond, 1902, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 15, p. 190— Pulau Bangkaru, Banyak
Islands.

Known only from type locality.

Malacopteron affine phoeniceum Deignan

Malacopteron affine phoeniceum Deignan, 1950, Zoologica
[New York], 35, p. 127—Segah River [at ca. lat.
2° 12’ N., long. 117° 06’ E.], Borneo.

Borneo.

MALACOPTERON CINEREUM

Malacopteron cinereum indochinense (Robinson and Kloss)

Horizillas rufifrons indochinensis Robinson and Kloss,
1921, Journ. Fed. Malay States, 10, p. 205 — Trang
Bom [lat. 10° 56’N., long. 107° 00’ E.], Cochin China.

Southwestern portion of eastern plateau and southeastern

provinces of Thailand; Cambodia ; southern Laos; Annam;
Cochin China.

Malacopteron cinereum rufifrons Cabanis

M{[alacopteron]. rufifrons Cabanis, 1850, Mua: Hein., 1
(1851), p. 65 — “Java oder Sumatra” [= Java].

Malacopterum lepidocephalum Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds
Brit. Mus., 7, pp. 564 (in key), 567 — Sumatra and
Java; type locality restricted to Java, by Biittikofer,
1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 104.

Java.

~Malacopteron cinereum cinereum Eyton

Malacopteron cinereus [sic] Eyton, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 7, p. 103 — Malaya.

Malacopterum cinereum bungurense Hartert, 1894, Novit.
Zool., 1, p. 470 — Pulau Bunguran, North Natuna Is-
lands.

Isthmus of Kra southward over Malay Peninsula to Jo-

hore; Riouw and Lingga Archipelagos; Sumatra; Bangka;
North Natuna Islands; Borneo.

—Malacopteron cinereum niasense (Riley)

Malacornis cinerea niasensis Riley, 1937, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 50, p. 61 — Nias.
Nias.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 265

MALACOPTERON MAGNUM

_Malacopteron magnum magnum Eyton

Malacopteron magnum Eyton, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 7, p. 108 — Malaya.

N[apothera]. pileata “Mill. Mus. Lugd.” Bonaparte,
1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 359 — Sumatra and Bor-
neo.

Southern Tenasserim (Mergui District) and Isthmus of
Kra southward over Malay Peninsula to Johore; Sumatra;
North Natuna Islands (Pulau Bunguran) ; Borneo (except
area occupied by saba).

—Malacopteron magnum saba Chasen and Kloss
Malacopteron magnum saba Chasen and Kloss, 1930, Bull.
Raffles Mus., 4, p. 75 — Samawang River, near Sanda-
kan, North Borneo.
Northeastern Borneo.

MALACOPTERON PALAWANENSE

Malacopteron palawanense Biittikofer

Trichostoma rufifrons Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 616, pl. 88 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Not
M{[alacopteron]. rufifrons Cabanis, 1850.

Malacopteron palawanense Biittikofer, 1895, Notes Ley-
den Mus., 17, p. 104. New name for Trichostoma rufi-
frons Tweeddale, preoccupied.

Palawan and Balabac, Philippine Islands.

MALACOPTERON ALBOGULARE ~

_—Malacopteron albogulare albogulare (Blyth)
S[etaria]. albogularis Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 13, p. 385 — “Singapore.”
Malaya (Perak, Pahang, Selangor); northeastern Su-
matra; Batu Islands (Pulau Pini).

——Malacopteron albogulare moultoni (Robinson and Kloss) ~
Ophrydornis albogularis moultoni Robinson and Kloss,
1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 17 — Beton Saribas,
Sarawak.
Setaria albigularis [sic] leucogastra Hachisuka, 1926,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 54 — Paku, Sarawak.
Northwestern Borneo.

266 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENUS POMATORHINUS HORSFIELD

Pomatorhinus Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
13, p. 164. Type, by monotypy, Pomatorhinus montanus
Horsfield.

Erythrogenys ‘“Hodgs.” = Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. India,
Birds., ed. 2, 7, p. 39. Type, by original designation and
tautonymy, “H[rythrogenys]. gouldii = P[omatorhi-
nus]. erythrogenys Vigors.” Not Erythrogenys Brandt,
1841, nomen emendatum for Erythrogonys Gould, 1838.

POMATORHINUS HYPOLEUCOS

—-Pomatorhinus hypoleucos hypoleucos (Blyth)

O[rthorhinus]. hypoleucos Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 13, p. 371 — Arakan, Lower Burma.

P[omatorhinus]. (. .. Orthorhinus) Inglist Hume, 1877,
Stray Feathers, 5, pp. 31, 32 — northeastern Cachar
District, Assam.

Assam (both north and south of the Brahmaputra) ; East

Pakistan; western and northern Burma.

— Pomatorhinus hypoleucos tickelli Hume

Pomatorhinus (. . . Orthorhinus) Tickelli Hume, 1877,
Stray Feathers, 5, p. 32 — Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° 11’
N., long. 98° 32’ E.], Tenasserim.

Pomatorhinus tickelli laotianus Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 47, p. 16 — Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19’ N.,
lone’. 103-22" En), aos:

Pomatorhinus tickelli tonkinensis Delacour, 1927, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 159 — Babe Lakes, near Cho Ra
flat. 22° 277 N;, lone: 105° 447 Bh.) ,. Tonekine:

Tenasserim (Amherst District) ; greater part of Thailand

(except central plains) south to Prachuap Khiri Khan
Province; northern Laos, Tongking, and northern Annam.

Pomatorhinus hypoleucos brevirostris Robinson and Kloss

Pomatorhinus tickelli brevirostris Robinson and Kloss,
1919, Ibis, p. 578 — Trang Bom [lat. 10° 56’ N., long.
107° 00’ E.], Cochin China.

Pomatorhinus tickelli friesi Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 47, p. 160 — Thua Luu [lat. 16° 16’ N., long.
108° 00’ E.], Annam.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 267

Southern Laos, central and southern Annam, and north-
ern Cochin China.

Pomatorhinus hypoleucos hainanus Rothschild

Pomatorhinus tickelli hainanus Rothschild, 1903, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club., 14, p. 9 — No-tai [= Nata (lat. 19° 29’
N., long. 109° 27’ E.) ], Hainan.

Hainan.

POMATORHINUS ERYTHROGENYS
——Pomatorhinus erythrogenys erythrogenys Vigors
Pomatorhinus erythrogenys Vigors, 1832, Proc. Comm.
Zool. Soc. London, pt. 1 (1880-1831), p. 173 — Hima-
layas; restricted to “the district Simla-Almora,” by
Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.

Himalayas from northern West Pakistan southeastward
to northwestern Uttar Pradesh.

_——Pomatorhinus erythrogenys ferrugilatus Hodgson
[Pomatorhinus] Ferrugilatus Hodgson, 1836, Asiat. Res.,
19, p. 180 — Nepal.
Western and central Nepal.

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys haringtoni Baker ‘
Pomatorhinus haringtoni Baker, 1914, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 33, p. 124 — Darjeeling, West Bengal.
Himalayas from Sikkim eastward into Bhutan.

- Pomatorhinus erythrogenys mcclellandi Godwin-Austen

P[omatorhinus]. McClellandi “Jerdon” = Godwin-Aus-
ten, 1870, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 39 (2), p. 103 —
“at Nenglo beyond Asdlu, under the Burrail range,”
Assam.

Pomatorhinus m’clellandi Jerdon, 1872, Ibis, p. 802 —
Khasi Hills, Assam.

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys erythrotis Koelz, 1952, Journ.
Zool. Soc. India, 4, p. 88 — Karong, Manipur.

Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra and west-
ern Burma (Chin Hills).

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys imberbis Salvadori

Trichastoma rubiginosa [sic] Walden, 1875, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 15, p. 402 — Karenni State, Burma.
Not Pomatorhinus rubiginosus Blyth, 1855.

/

268 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pomatorhinus imberbis Salvadori, 1889, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, ser. 2, 7, p. 410 — Yado, Karenni.
Karenni State, Burma.

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys celatus Deignan

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys celatus Deignan, 1941, Zoolo-
gica [New York], 26, p. 241 — Doi Luang Chiang Dao
[lat. 19° 25’ N., long. 98° 55’ B.], Thailand.

Western portions of Northern and Southern Shan States
of Burma and high mountains of northern portion of north-
western Thailand (Doi Pha Hom Pok, Doi Luang Chiang
Dao).

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys odicus Bangs and Phillips

Pomatorhinus macclellandi odicus Bangs and Phillips,
1914, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 58, p. 286 — Mengtsz,
Yunnan.

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys minor Delacour and Jabouille,
1930, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 400 — Pa Kha
[lat. 22° 32’ N., long. 104° 18’ E.], Tongking.

Northeastern Burma (southern portion of Kachin State) ;

eastern portion of Northern and Southern Shan States (east
of the Salween) ; southwestern Yunnan; northern Laos;
northwestern Tongking.

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys decarlei Deignan

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys decarlei Deignan, 1952, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 65, p. 121— near Yangtza [ca.
kiang, northwestern Yunnan.

Northwestern Yunnan (except area occupied by dede-

kent), southeastern Hsikang, and southwesternmost Szech-
wan.

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys dedekeni Oustalet

Pomatorhinus Dedekensi [sic] Oustalet, 1892, Ann. Sci.
Nat., Zool., sér. 7,12 (1891), p. 276 — “Tioungeu,”
error; type locality corrected to Tsonghai [lat. 29° 56’
N., long. 98° 40’ E.], Hsikang, by Oustalet, 18938, Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], sér. 3, 5, p. 197, foot-
note 1.

Pomatorhinus Armandi Oustalet, 1892, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Zool., sér. 7, 12 (1891), p. 277 — “Aio,” error; type lo-
cality corrected to Tatsienlu [= Kangting], Hsikang, by

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 269

Oustalet, 1898, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris],
sér. 3, 5, p. 199.

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys stoneae Deignan, 1952, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 65, p. 121 — near Yangtza [ca.
lat. 28° 15’ N., long. 98° 48’ E.], Yunnan.

East-central and south-central Hsikang, southward into
northwestern Yunnan along the Mekong as far as ca. lat.
Beier IN:

_— Pomatorhinus erythrogenys gravivox David

Pomatorhinus gravivox David, 1873, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.,
sér. 5, 18, art. 5, p. 2— Shensi; types from southern
Shensi, fide David, 1874, ibid., sér. 5, 19, art. 9, p. 2.

Northwestern Szechwan and southern portions of Kansu

and Shensi (south of Chinling Mountains).

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys sowerbyi Deignan
Pomatorhinus erythrogenys sowerbyi Deignan, 1952,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 65, p. 122 — twelve miles
south of Fushih, northern Shensi.
Known only from type locality.

__.Pomatorhinus erythrogenys cowensae Deignan
Pomatorhinus erythrogenys cowensae Deignan, 1952,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 65, p. 122 — Wanhsien,
eastern Szechwan.

Eastern Szechwan, northern Kweichow, and southwestern
Hupeh.

_— Pomatorhinus erythrogenys swinhoei David
Pomatorhinus Swinhoei David, 1874, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.,
sér. 5, 19, art. 9, p. 5— western Fukien.
Anhwei, northeastern Kiangsi, and Fukien.

? Pomatorhinus erythrogenys abbreviatus Stresemann
Pomatorhinus swinhoei abbreviatus Stresemann, 1929,
Journ. f. Orn., 77, p. 83833 — Yao Shan, Kwangsi.

Southern Hunan, Kwangtung, and Kwangsi; doubtfully
distinct from swinhoet.

_Pomatorhinus erythrogenys erythrocnemis Gould

Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis Gould, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, (1862), p. 281 — Formosa.
Formosa.

270 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

POMATORHINUS HORSFIELDII
_— Pomatorhinus horsfieldii melanurus Blyth <

P[omatorhinus]. melanurus Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat.
Soe. Bengal, 16, p. 451 — Ceylon; restricted to Uru-
gaha, south of Kalutara, Western Province, by Whist-
ler, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 62, p. 52.

? Pomatorhinus horsfieldii holdsworthi Whistler, 1942,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 62, p. 52 — Ohiya, Uva Province,
Ceylon.}

Ceylon.

_— Pomatorhinus horsfieldii travancoreensis Harington

Pomatorhinus horsfieldi travancoreensis Harington, 1914,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 23, p. 333 — Peermade,
Travancore, Kerala.

Southwestern India, in Western Ghats and their outliers

from Kerala northward to North Kanara.

__— Pomatorhinus horsfieldii horsfieldii Sykes

Pomatorhinus Horsfieldii Sykes, 1832, Proc. Comm. Zool.
Soe. London, pt. 2, p. 89 — the Deccan [= Mahabalesh-
war, Satara North, fide Ali, 1953, Birds Travancore
Cochin, p. 35].

Western India, in Western Ghats from Goa northward to

the Satpura Range; Saurashtra.

_ Pomatorhinus horsfieldii obscurus Hume

Pomatorhinus Obscurus Hume, 1872, Stray Feathers 1,
p. 7— Mount Abu, Sirohi, Rajasthan.
Northwestern India, in Rajasthan (Aravalli Range).

Pomatorhinus horsfieldii maderaspatensis Whistler

Pomatorhinus horsfieldii maderaspatensis Whistler, 1936,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, p. 699 — Kurum-
bapatti, Salem District, Madras.

Eastern Ghats of India from the Salem District north-

ward into Andhra.

1 According to Whistler (loc. cit.), the rufescent melanurus is re-
stricted to the low-country wet zone of southwestern Ceylon, while the
olivaceous holdsworthi occupies the rest of the island. Ripley (1946,
Spolia Zeylanica, 24, pp. 223-224) suggests rather that ‘an erythristic
rufous strain of mutants ... appears at random, throughout areas of
densest population of this species.” Material examined by me casts
grave doubt on the subspecific validity of holdsworthi.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 201

POMATORHINUS SCHISTICEPS!
— Pomatorhinus schisticeps leucogaster Gould

Pomatorhinus leucogaster Gould, 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 5, p. 187 — ‘“‘the Himalaya Mountains”; re-
stricted to Simla, apud Ripley, 1961, Synops. Birds In-
dia Pakistan, p. 349.

Pomatorhinus pinwilli Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus., 7, p. 418 — northwestern Himalayas.

Himalayas from Himachal Pradesh eastward into north-

western Uttar Pradesh.

~~ Pomatorhinus schisticeps schisticeps Hodgson —~

[Pomatorhinus] Schisticeps Hodgson, 1886, Asiat. Res.,
19, p. 181 — Nepal.

P[omatorhinus]. assamensis Blyth (ex McClelland MS),
1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 451 — Assam;
restricted to Khasi Hills, by Ripley, 1961, Synops. Birds
India Pakistan, p. 349.

Himalayas from western Nepal eastward into Bhutan;
hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra (Khasi Hills,
Mikir Hills, Barail Range) ; northwestern Burma (Upper
Chindwin District).

Pomatorhinus schisticeps salimalii Ripley
Pomatorhinus montanus sdlimalii Ripley, 1948, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 61, p. 101 — Tezu, Mishmi Hills, As-
sam.
Northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills).

Pomatorhinus schisticeps cryptanthus Hartert
Pomatorhinus schisticeps cryptanthus Hartert, 1915, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 85 — Margherita, Lakhimpur
District, Assam.
Northeastern Assam (Lakhimpur District) ; northeastern
Burma (?).
Pomatorhinus schisticeps mearsi Ogilvie-Grant
Pomatorhinus mearsi Ogilvie-Grant, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 15, p. 39 — Taungdwin Chaung [lat. 22° 52’ N.,
long. 94° 20’ E.], Upper Burma.
1 Some authors consider P. schisticeps, and even P. montanus, con-

specific with P. horsfieldii, but I prefer to treat the first two, possibly
all three, as comprising a superspecies.

272 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Hill tracts of western Burma from Lower Chindwin Dis-
trict southward to the Arakan Yomas.

—~ Pomatorhinus schisticeps ripponi Harington

Pomatorhinus ripponi Harington, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 27, p. 9 — Shan States; type specimen from Py-
aunggaung [lat 23°00’ N., long. 96° 28’ E.], Upper
Burma, fide Kinnear, in epistola.

From Northern Shan State southward, through eastern

portion of Southern Shan State, to northernmost Thailand
and adjacent portion of northwestern Laos.

~~ Pomatorhinus schisticeps nuchalis Ramsay

P[omatorhinus]. nuchalis Ramsay (ex Tweeddale MS),
1877 (Oct.), Ibis, p. 465 — Karen Hills, Upper Burma.

Pomatorhinus nuchalis Tweeddale, 1877 (Dec.), Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 20, p. 535 — “Thayetmyo, the
Yoma and Karen hills, and Karen-nee’’; types from the
Karen Hills, fide Ramsay, 1881, Orn. Works Arthur,
Ninth Marquis Tweeddale, p. 669.

Western portion of Southern Shan State and Karenni

State of Upper Burma.

Pomatorhinus schisticeps difficilis Deignan

Pomatorhinus schisticeps difficilis Deignan, 1956, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 69, p. 208 — Doi Luang Chiang
Dao [lat. 19° 25’ N., long: 98° 55’ E.], Thailand:

Mountains of northwestern Thailand from type locality

southward into northern Tak Province; Tenasserim (Am-
herst District).

Pomatorhinus schisticeps olivaceus Blyth ne)

P[omatorhinus]. olivaceus Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 16, p. 451 — Ye, Amherst District, Tenasserim.

Pomatorhinus olivaceus siamensis Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 38, p. 9—Sathani Map Ammarit [lat.
10° 50’ N., long. 99° 20’ E.], Thailand.

Lowlands of Tenasserim from Amherst District south-
ward into Mergui District; evergreen forest of southwest-
ern and peninsular Thailand from southern Tak Province
southward to Isthmus of Kra.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 2738

Pomatorhinus schisticeps fastidiosus Hartert
Pomatorhinus schisticeps fastidiosus Hartert, 1916, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 81 — Ban Khok Khan [lat. 7° 34’
N., long. 99° 38’ E.], Thailand.
Malay Peninsula from southernmost Tenasserim and
Isthmus of Kra southward to Siamese province of Trang.

Pomatorhinus schisticeps humilis Delacour
Pomatorhinus schisticeps humilis Delacour, 1932, Oiseau
Rev. Frane. Orn., nouv. sér., 2, p. 424 — Thateng [lat.
Ip? 317 N., lone. 106° 22, 1, Laos.

Eastern portion of northern plateau of Thailand (Nan
Province) and provinces of eastern plateau bordering the
Mekong; southern Laos and adjacent portion of central
Annam.

_—Pomatorhinus schisticeps annamensis Robinson and Kloss ~

Pomatorhinus olivaceus annamensis Robinson and Kloss,
1919, Ibis, p. 577 — Dran [lat. 11° 49’ N., long. 108° 38’
E.], Annam.

Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau) and northeastern

Cochin China.

Pomatorhinus schisticeps klossi Baker

Pomatorhinus nuchalis klossi Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 38, p. 9 — Ban Khlong Manao [= Ban Huang Som
(lat. 11°50’ N., Jong. 102° 50° EB.) and “Ban Sam
Khok,” error = Ban Si Racha (lat. 13°10’ N., long.
100° 55’ E.)], Thailand.

Southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia.

POMATORHINUS MONTANUS
Pomatorhinus montanus occidentalis Robinson and Kloss
Pomatorhinus montanus occidentalis Robinson and Kloss,
1923, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 11, p. 54 — Gin-
ting Bidei, Selangor.
Malay Peninsula from northern Perak southward to Jo-
hore; Sumatra.

__Pomatorhinus montanus montanus Horsfield

Pomatorhinus montanus Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn.
Soc. London, 13, p. 165 — Java; Gunong Merbabu [lat.
7° 29’ S., long. 110° 30’ E.] and Gunong Prahu [lat.

214 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

7°12’ S., long. 109° 54’ E.] mentioned by Horsfield,
1824, Zool. Res. Java).
Western and central Java.

Pomatorhinus montanus ottolanderi Robinson
Pomatorhinus montanus ottolanderi Robinson, 1918,
Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 7, p. 285 — Sodong
Gerok, Ijen Mountains, near Banyuwangi [lat. 8° 12’
Sr One 11AS 23h lec davia:
Eastern Java and Bali.

Pomatorhinus montanus bornensis Cabanis
P[omatorhinus]. bornensis Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein, 1
(1850), p. 84 — Borneo.
Borneo.

POMATORHINUS RUFICOLLIS

“ Pomatorhinus ruficollis ruficollis Hodgson
[Pomatorhinus] Ruficollis Hodgson, 1836, Asiat. Res.,
19, p. 182 — Nepal.
Western and central Nepal.

~ Pomatorhinus ruficollis godwini Kinnear

Pomatorhinus ruficollis godwini Kinnear, 1944, in Lud-
low, Ibis, p. 79 —Chungkar, 6,500 ft., Trashigong-
Diwangiri Road, southeastern Bhutan.

Himalayas from eastern Nepal (east of the Arun Kosi)

eastward, through Sikkim, Bhutan, and southeastern Tibet,
into Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

—~ Pomatorhinus ruficollis bakeri Harington

Pomatorhinus ruficollis bakeri Harington, 1914, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 23, p. 336 — Shillong, Khasi
Hills, Assam.

Pomatorhinus ruficollis recter Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 4— Blue Mountain, Lushai
Hills, Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and of

western Burma (Upper Chindwin, Chin Hills).

~Pomatorhinus ruficollis similis Rothschild

Pomatorhinus ruficollis similis Rothschild, 1926, Novit.
Zool., 33, p. 261— Hills round Tengyueh [= Teng-
chung], western Yunnan.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 215

Northeastern Burma (south to Myitkyina District) and
northwestern Yunnan.

? Pomatorhinus ruficollis bhamoensis Mayr
Pomatorhinus ruficollis bhamoensis Mayr, 1941, Ibis, p.
67 — Sinlumkaba, Bhamo District, Kachin State, Up-
per Burma.
Known only from type locality; doubtfully distinct from
albipectus.

ip
Pomatorhinus ruficollis albipectus La Touche
Pomatorhinus ruficollis albipectus La Touche, 19238, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 173 —Szemao, southwestern
Yunnan.
Southwestern Yunnan and northern portion of northern
Laos.

Pomatorhinus ruficollis beaulieui Delacour and Greenway
Pomatorhinus schisticeps beauliewi Delacour and Green-
way, 1940, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., nouv. sér., 10, p.
63 — Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19’ N., long. 103° 22’
E.], Laos.
Northern Laos (except area occupied by albipectus) .

— Pomatorhinus ruficollis laurentei La Touche
Pomatorhinus ruficollis laurentei La Touche, 1921, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 16— Kopaotsun, near Kun-
ming, Yunnan.
Known only from type locality.

—.Pomatorhinus ruficollis reconditus Bangs and Phillips

Pomatorhinus ruficollis reconditus Bangs and Phillips,
1914, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 58, p. 286 — Mengtsz,
southeastern Yunnan.

Pomatorhinus ruficollis saturatus Delacour, 1927, Bull.
BritvOrn Club, 47. p) 4159 = Tam Dao flat. 212 27 (N.,
long. 105° 40’ E.], Tongking.

Southeastern Yunnan, Tongking, and northernmost An-

nam.

—_. Pomatorhinus ruficollis stridulus Swinhoe
Pomatorhinus stridulus Swinhoe, 1861, Ibis, p. 265 —
Pehling Hills near Foochow, Fukien.

276 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pomatorhinus styani Seebohm, 1884, Ibis, p. 263 — Lu-
shan, near Kiukiang, Kiangsi.

Hills of southeastern China in provinces of Kwangtung,
Fukien, and Kiangssi.
Pomatorhinus ruficollis intermedius Cheng

Pomatorhinus ruficollis intermedius T. H. Cheng, 1962,
Acta Zool. Sinica, 14, pp. 210, 217 — Yuanling, Hunan.

Southwestern Hupeh, Hunan (except extreme northern
portion), Kwangsi, and Kweichow (?).

— Pomatorhinus ruficollis eidos Bangs

Pomatorhinus ruficollis eidos Bangs, 1980, Occ. Papers
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 293 — Omei Shan, Szech-
wan.

Pomatorhinus rujicollis usheri Hall, 1954, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 74, p. 483 — Chuan Chi Mine, near Pei Pei [lat.

29° 47’ N., long. 106° 25’ E.], Szechwan.
Southern Szechwan.

_-Pomatorhinus ruficollis musicus Swinhoe
Pomatorrhinus (sic) musicus Swinhoe, 1859, Journ.
North China Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 1, p. 228 — For-
mosa.
Formosa.

)
—~Pomatorhinus ruficollis nigrostellatus Swinhoe

Pomatorhinus nigrostellatus Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 250
— Central Hainan.
Hainan.

POMATORHINUS OCHRACEICEPS

Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps stenorhynchus Godwin-Austen | und
Pomatorhinus

stenorhynchus Godwin-Austen, 1877, |
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 46, pt. 2, p. 48 — “fon Man-

bum Tila, on Tenga Pani River, near Saddya at 800
ft.,”’ Assam.

Northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills) and northern Burma
(Upper Chindwin District and Kachin State).

Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps austeni Hume

Pomatorhinus austeni Hume, 1881, Stray Feathers, 10, p.
152 — eastern Manipur.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 217

Hill tracts of eastern Assam from Naga Hills southward
to Barail Range and Manipur.

~ Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps ochraceiceps Walden

Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps Walden, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, 12, p. 487 — Karen Hills, Upper Burma.

Southern Shan and Karenni States, Burma; mountains

of northern Thailand and Amherst District of Tenasserim

(Mulayit Taung) ; Tongking and eastern portion of north-
ern Laos (?).

Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps alius Riley

Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps alius Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 53, p. 47—Dran [lat. 11° 49’ N.,
long. 108° 38’ E.], Annam.

Northwestern portion of eastern plateau of Thailand,

southern Laos, and southern Annam.

POMATORHINUS FERRUGINOSUS
_— Pomatorhinus ferruginosus ferruginosus Blyth

P[omatorhinus]. ferruginosus Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 597 — Darjeeling, West Bengal, and
Arakan; inferentially restricted to Darjeeling, by
Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 452.

P[omatorhinus]. rubiginosus “nobis, XIV., 597” Blyth,
1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 542 — Darjee-
ling, West Bengal. Lapsus.

Along Himalayas from eastern Nepal eastward to eastern

Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

Pomatorhinus ferruginosus formosus Koelz

Pomatorhinus ferruginosus formosus Koelz, 1952, Journ.
Zool. Soc. India, 4, p. 39 — Tura Mountain, Garo Hills,
Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra and Mani-
pur.

--Pomatorhinus ferruginosus phayrei Blyth
P[omatorhinus]. Phayrei Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 16, p. 452 — Arakan.

Hill tracts of southwestern Burma (Chin Hills and Ara-
kan Yomas).

278 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pomatorhinus ferruginosus stanfordi Ticehurst
Pomatorhinus ferruginosus stanfordi Ticehurst, 1935,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 55, p. 178 — Sadon-Sima Road,
east of Myitkyina, Kachin State, Upper Burma.
Northeastern Burma (Kachin State).

Pomatorhinus ferruginosus albogularis Blyth

P[omatorhinus]. albogularis Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 24, p. 274 — Mulayit Taung, Amherst Dis-
trict, Tenasserim.

Pomatorhinus Marize Walden, 1875, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 4, 15, p. 403 — Hills near Toungoo, Pegu, Lower
Burma.

Eastern Burma from Northern Shan State southward to

Karenni; northwestern Thailand and Amherst District of
Tenasserim.

____Pomatorhinus ferruginosus orientalis Delacour
Pomatorhinus ferruginosus orientalis Delacour, 1927,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 159 — Tam Dao [lat. 21° 27’
N., long. 105° 40’ E.], Tongking.
Tongking and eastern portion of northern Laos.

GENUS GARRITORNIS IREDALE

Garritornis Iredale, 1956, Birds New Guinea, 2, p. 79.

Type, by original designation, Pomatorhinus isidoret
Lesson.

GARRITORNIS ISIDOREI
Garritornis isidorei calidus (Rothschild)
Pomatorhinus isidori calidus Rothschild, 1931, Novit.
Zool., 36, p. 266 — Siriwo River, 45 miles above mouth,
south of Geelvink Bay, New Guinea.

Northern New Guinea from head of Geelvink Bay east-
ward to Astrolabe Bay.

—Garritornis isidorei isidorei (Lesson)

Pomatorhinus Isidorei Lesson, 1827, Dict. Sci. Nat. (éd.
Levrault), 50, p. 37 — Dorei Harbor [= Manokwari],
northwestern New Guinea.

Misol and all New Guinea (except area occupied by cali-
dus).

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 279

GENUS POMATOSTOMUS CABANIS

Pomatostomus Cabanis, 1851, in Cabanis and Heine, Mus.
Hein., 1 (1850), p. 83. Type, by subsequent designation
(G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds., p. 45),
Pomatorhinus temporalis Vigors and Horsfield.

Morganornis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rece., 1, p.
112. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Po-
matorhinus superciliosus Vigors and Horsfield.

POMATOSTOMUS TEMPORALIS

Pomatostomus temporalis tregellasi (Mathews)
Pomatorhinus temporalis tregellasi Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 834 — Victoria; restricted to Frankston, by
Mathews, 1922, Birds Austr., 9 (1921-1922), p. 255.
Southeastern South Australia, Victoria, and southeastern
New South Wales.

Pomatostomus temporalis trivirgatus (Temminck)
Pomatorhinus trivirgatus Temminck, 1827, Pl. col., livr.
75, pl. 443 — interior of New Holland [= Blue Moun-
tains, New South Wales, fide Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 334].
Coastal region of New South Wales (except area occupied
by tregellasi) and southern Queensland.

__ Pomatostomus temporalis temporalis (Vigors and Horsfield)
[Pomatorhinus] Temporalis Vigors and Horsfield, 1827,
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15 (1826), p. 330 — Shoal-
water Bay, Queensland.
Coastal region of central Queensland.

? Pomatostomus temporalis cornwalli (Mathews)
Pomatorhinus temporalis cornwalli Mathews, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 83835 — Cairns, northern Queensland.
Coastal region of northern Queensland from Cairns north-
ward to extremity of Cape York; doubtfully distinct from
temporalis.

— Pomatostomus temporalis strepitans (Mayr and Rand)

Pomatorhinus temporalis strepitans Mayr and Rand,
1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 814, p. 6 — Dogwa, Ori-
omo River, Western Division, Territory of Papua.

280 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Lowland savannas of southern New Guinea from Oriomo
River westward to Princess Marianne Straits.

Pomatostomus temporalis intermedius (Mathews)

Pomatorhinus temporalis intermedius Mathews, 1912,
Novit. Zool., 18, p. 335 — Alexandra Station, Northern
Territory.

Pomatostomus innominatus Mathews, 1924, Birds Austr.,
Suppl. Vol., Suppl. no. 3, p. 223 — Point Torment, West
Kimberley, West Australia. “New name for the bird
figured in my Birds of Australia, Vol. IX., pl. 482 (top
figure), and described on p. 255 (pt. VI., Feb. 15th,
E922 ee?

Arid scrub of interior of Australia from Queensland and

northern South Australia northwestward, through North-
ern Territory, to Kimberley Division of Western Australia.

Pomatostomus temporalis mountfordae Deignan

Pomatostomus temporalis mountfordae Deignan, 1950,
Emu, 50, p. 19 — Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory
(in Gulf of Carpentaria).

Known only from type locality.

Pomatostomus temporalis browni Deignan
Pomatostomus temporalis browni Deignan, 1950, Emu,
50, p. 20 — Cape Arnhem Peninsula, Northern Terri-
tory.
Known only from type locality.

)
~ Pomatostomus temporalis rubeculus (Gould) / e.
Pomatorhinus rubeculus Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 144 — “North-west coast of Australia” [=
Port Essington, Northern Territory].
Mainland of Northern Territory (except areas occupied
by mountfordae and intermedius).

Pomatostomus temporalis bamba (Mathews)

Pomatorhinus temporalis bamba Mathews, 1912, Austral
Avian Rec., 1, p. 483 — Melville Island, Northern Ter-
ritory.

Known only from type locality.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 281

—Pomatostomus temporalis nigrescens (Mathews)
Pomatorhinus temporalis nigrescens Mathews, 1912, No-
vit. Zool., 18, p. 335 — Strelley River, Western Austra-
lia.
Western Australia from Pilbara Goldfield southward to
the Wooramel River, the upper Murchison (Mileura, Kara-
lundi) and Wiluna.

POMATOSTOMUS SUPERCILIOSUS

Pomatostomus superciliosus gilgandra (Mathews)
Pomatorhinus superciliosus gilgandra Mathews, 1912, No-
vit. Zool., 18, p. 336 — New South Wales; type locality
restricted to Gilgandra (ca. 210 miles northwest of Syd-
ney), by Mathews, 1922, Birds Austr., 9 (1921-1922),
p. 265.
Mallee and arid scrub of interior of New South Wales,
Victoria, and South Australia (including Eyre Peninsula).

Pomatostomus superciliosus superciliosus (Vigors and Hors-

field)

[Pomatorhinus] Superciliosus Vigors and Horsfield, 1827,
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15 (1826), p. 380 — south
coast of Australia; here further restricted to Yorke
Peninsula, South Australia.

Southeastern South Australia (Yorke and Fleurieu Penin-
sulas) and possibly Victoria (except area occupied by
gilgandra).

Pomatostomus superciliosus ashbyi Mathews
Pomatostomus superciliosus ashbyi Mathews, 1911, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 27, p. 87 — southern West Australia;
restricted to Broome Hill, by Mathews, 1922, Birds
Austr., 9 (1921-1922), p. 265.
Southwestern West Australia (mainly inland), north to
the Tropic of Capricorn.

? Pomatostomus superciliosus gwendolenae (Mathews)

Pomatorhinus superciliosus gwendolenae Mathews, 1912,
Novit. Zool., 18, p. 336 — Carnarvon, West Australia.
West Australia (valley of the Gascoyne).

282 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

POMATOSTOMUS RUFICEPS

_ Pomatostomus ruficeps (Hartlaub)

P[omatorhinus]. ruficeps Hartlaub, 1852, Ree Mag. Zool.
[Paris], ser. 2,-4, p.. 316 — “Adelaide,” South Aus-
tralia.

Pomatostomus ruficeps bebba Mathews, 1916, Austral
Avian Rec., 3, p. 60 — southern Queensland.

Pomatostomus ruficeps parsonsi Mathews, 1918, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 48 — Pungonda, South Australia.

Mallee and arid scrub of southwestern Queensland, west-

ern New South Wales, northwestern Victoria, and north-
eastern South Australia.

GENUS XIPHIRHYNCHUS BLytTH

Xiphirhynchus Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
11, p. 175. Type, by monotypy, Xiphirhynchus super-
ciliaris Blyth.

Xiphorhamphus Blyth, 1843, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
12, p. 947. New name for Xiphirhynchus Blyth, con-
sidered preoccupied by Xiphorhynchus Swainson, 1827.

XIPHIRHYNCHUS SUPERCILIARIS

- Xiphirhynchus superciliaris superciliaris Blyth -

X [iphirhynchus]. superciliaris Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 11, p. 176 — Darjeeling, Bengal.

Easternmost Nepal, Darjeeling District of West Bengal,
Sikkim, and Bhutan.

Xiphirhynchus superciliaris intextus Ripley

Xiphirhynchus superciliaris intextus Ripley, 1948, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 105— Dreyi, Mishmi
Hills, Assam.

Xiphorhamphus superciliaris arquatellus Koelz, 1954,
Contrib. Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 4— Blue
Mountain, Lushai Hills, Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam south and east of the Brahmaputra.

1 Mathews (1918, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 49), asserting that
Hartlaub’s type specimen came not from Adelaide, but from the in-
terior, has altered the type locality to Broken Hill, New South Wales.
A specimen in the U. S. National Museum, collected in 1918, was taken
at Morgan, South Australia, only 85 miles northeast of Adelaide.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 283

Xiphirhynchus superciliaris forresti Rothschild

Xiphirhynchus superciliaris forresti Rothschild, 1926, No-
vit. Zool., 33, p. 262 — Shweli-Salween Divide, north-
western Yunnan.

Mountains of northeastern Burma and northwestern
Yunnan.

_— Xiphirhynchus superciliaris rothschildi Delacour and Ja-
bouille

Xiphirhynchus superciliaris rothschildi Delacour and Ja-
bouille, 1980, Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 11, p. 613 —
Loquiho, Fan Si Pan [lat. 22°17’ N., long. 104° 47’
E.], 2,500 m., Tongking.

Known only from type locality.

GENUS JABOUILLEIA DELACOUR

Jabouilleia Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p.
160. Type, by original designation, Rimator danjoui
Robinson and Kloss.

JABOUILLEIA DANJOUI

Jabouilleia danjoui parvirostris Delacour

Jabouilleia danjoui parvirostris Delacour, 1927, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 160 — Bana, near the Col des
Nuages [lat. 16° 11’ N., long. 108° 08’ E.], Annam.

Known only from type locality.

Jabouilleia danjoui danjoui (Robinson and Kloss)

Rimator danjoui Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, p. 579
— Lang Bian Peaks [ca. lat. 12° 02’ N., long. 108° 26’
E.], Annam.

Known only from type locality.

GENUS RIMATOR BLYTH

Rimator Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p.
154. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Ri-
mator malacoptilus Blyth.

284 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

RIMATOR MALACOPTILUS
Rimator malacoptilus malacoptilus Blyth
R[imator]. malacoptilus Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 16, p. 155 — Darjeeling, Bengal.
Rimator malacoptilus amadoni Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.

Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 5 — Maoflang, Khasi Hills,
Assam.

Himalayas from Sikkim to eastern Assam; hill tracts of
Assam south of the Brahmaputra and northeastern Burma.

_—Rimator malacoptilus pasquieri Delacour and Jabouille

Rimator pasquiert Delacour and Jabouille, 1930, Oiseau
Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 401 — Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° 17’
N., long. 104° 47’ E.], 2,500 m., Tongking.

Known only from type locality.

Rimator malacoptilus albostriatus Salvadori

Rimator albo-striatus Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 14, p. 224 — Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24’ S.,
long. 100° 20’ E.], Sumatra.

Highlands of western Sumatra.

GENUS PTILOCICHLA SHARPE

Ptilocichla Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2,

1, p. 882. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Ptilocichla falcata Sharpe.

PTILOCICHLA LEUCOGRAMMICA
Ptilocichla leucogrammica (Bonaparte)

[Cacopitta] leucogrammica ‘‘Temm. Mus. Lugd.” Bona-
parte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 257 — Borneo; type speci-
men from Pontianak [lat. 0° 02’ S., long. 109° 22’ E.],

fide Biittikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 72.
Borneo.

PTILOCICHLA MINDANENSIS
Ptilocichla mindanensis minuta Bourns and Worcester
Ptilocichla minuta Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Pa-
pers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 24 — Samar, Phil-

ippine Islands; type specimens from Catbalogan.
Leyte and Samar, Philippine Islands.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 285

Ptilocichla mindanensis fortichi Rand and Rabor
Ptilocichla mindanensis fortichi Rand and Rabor, 1957,
Fieldiana Zool. [Chicago], 42, p. 13 — Cantaub, Sierra
Bullones, Bohol, Philippine Islands.
Bohol, Philippine Islands.

Ptilocichla mindanensis mindanensis (Blasius)

Ptilopyga mindanensis Blasius, 1890 (Apr. 15), Braun-
schweigische Anzeigen, no. 87, p. 877; idem, 1890
(Oct.), Journ. f. Orn., 38, p. 146 — Mindanao, Philip-
pine Islands; type from Davao, fide Hartert, 1920, No-
vit. Zool., 27, p. 482.

Ptilocichla (?) mindanensis Steere, 1890 (July 14), List
Birds Mammals Steere Exped., p. 18 — Mindanao,
Philippine Islands; type from Ayala, fide Hachisuka,
1935, Birds Philippine Islands, pt. 4, p. 405.

Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

_ Ptilocichla mindanensis basilanica Steere
Ptiocichla [sic] (?) Basilanica Steere, 1890 (July 14),
List Birds Mammals Steere Exped., p. 18 — Basilan,
Philippine Islands.
Basilan, Philippine Islands.

PTILOCICHLA FALCATA |

_— Ptilocichla falcata Sharpe f

Ptilocichla falcata Sharpe, 1877, Trans. ouitet Soc. Lon-
don, ser. 2, 1, p. 332, pl. 50, fig. 83 Puerto Princesa,
Palawan.

Palawan and Balabac, Philippine Islands.

GENUS KENOPIA GRAY

Kenopia “Bl. 1855”’ G. R. Gray, 1869 (subgenus of Mala-
copteron Eyton), Handl. Gen. Spec. Birds Brit. Mus.,
pt. 1, p. 317. Type, by subsequent designation (Sal-
vadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5, p. 223), T?-
malia striata Blyth.

KENOPIA STRIATA

— Kenopia striata (Blyth)

T [imalia]. striata Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
11, p. “783” [= 793] — “Singapore.”

286 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Malay Peninsula from southern Thailand (Krabi Prov-
ince) southward to Johore; eastern Sumatra; Borneo.

GENUS NAPOTHERA GRAY

Napothera ‘“‘Boie (1835)” G. R. Gray, 1842, App. List.
Gen. Birds, p. 8. Type, by original designation and
monotypy, Myiothera epilepidota Temminck.

Turdinus Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p.
382. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Mala-
copteron macrodactylum Strickland.

Cacopitta Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 257. Type,
by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen.
Subgen. Birds, p. 41), Myiothera loricata S. Miiller =
Turdinus marmoratus Ramsay.

Hadropezus Sundevall, 1872, Tentamen, pt. 1, p. 11. New
name for Turdinus Blyth.

Turdinulus Hume, 1878, in Hume and Davison, Stray
Feathers, 6, pp. 284, 235. Type, by original designation
and monotypy, Pnoepyga roberti Godwin-Austen and
Walden.

Gypsophila Oates, 1883, Handb. Birds Brit. Burmah, 1,
p. 61. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Turdinus crispifrons Blyth.

Corythocichla Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, pp.
507 (in key), 592. Type, by subsequent designation
(Anonymous, 1883, Ibis, p. 573), Turdinus brevicau-
datus Blyth.

Lanioturdinus Biittikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 17,
pp. 67 (in key), 72. Type, by original designation and
monotypy, Corythocichla crassa Sharpe.

Curzonia Skinner, 1905, List Birds Brit. India (St. Mary
Cray, Kent), pp. [1], 6. New name for Gypsophila
Oates, considered preoccupied by Gypsophila Linnaeus,
1756, in Botany.

Cursonia “Skinner, 1898” = Baker, 1922, Fauna Brit.
India, Birds, ed. 2,1, p. 248. Lapsus.

Turdinus “Hume” Baker (ex Hume MS) 1930, Fauna
Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 48. Lapsus for Turdinulus
Hume.

cf. Voous, 1949, Limosa, 22, pp. 347-352 (species of Tur-
dinus, sensu stricto).

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 287

NAPOTHERA RUFIPECTUS
— Napothera rufipectus (Salvadori)

Turdinus rufipectus Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Ge-
nova, 14, p. 224— Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24’ S.,
long. 100° 20’ E.], Sumatra.

Highlands of western Sumatra.

NAPOTHERA ATRIGULARIS
~Napothera atrigularis (Bonaparte)
C[acopitta]. atrigularis Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1,

p. 257 — Borneo.
Borneo.

NAPOTHERA MACRODACTYLA
—.Napothera macrodactyla macrodactyla (Strickland)

Malacopteron macrodactylum Strickland, 1844, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., 13, p. 417 — Malacca.

Turdinus macrodactylus bakeri Hachisuka, 1926, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 54 — Sathani Lam Phura [lat.
7° 40’ N., long. 99° 35’ E.], Thailand. Not Turdinulus
epilepidotus bakeri Harington, 1913 = Napothera epile-
pidota bakeri (Harington).

Malay Peninsula from Isthmus of Kra southward to
Johore.

Napothera macrodactyla beauforti (Voous)

Turdinus macrodactylus beauforti Voous, 1949, Limosa,

22, p. 848 — Sungai Tasik, Langkat, northeastern Su-
matra.

Northeastern Sumatra.

Napothera macrodactyla lepidopleura (Bonaparte)

[Cacopitta] lepidopleura Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1,
p. 257 — Java.
Java.

NAPOTHERA MARMORATA

Napothera marmorata grandior (Voous)

Turdinus marmoratus grandior Voous, 1949, Limosa, 22,

p. 851 — Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang boundary,
Malaya.

288 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Highlands of central Malaya (Selangor-Pahang bound-
ary).

Napothera marmorata marmorata (Ramsay)

Myjiothera loricata S. Miiller, 1836, Tijdschr. Natuur.
Gesch. Phys., 2 (1835), p. 348, pl. “‘V. fig. 5” [= IX,
fig. 5] — Sumatra. Not M[yiothera]. loricata Lichten-
stein, 1823.

Turdinus marmoratus Ramsay, 1880, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 15 — Padang Highlands, western Sumatra.

Highlands of western Sumatra.

NAPOTHERA CRISPIFRONS

— Napothera crispifrons annamensis (Delacour and Jabouille)

Corythocichla annamensis Delacour and Jabouille, 1928,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 181 — Phuqui, northern
Annam. .
Cursonia crispifrons saxatilis Bangs and Van Tyne, 1930,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 18, p. 3 — Bac

Tan Trai, northwestern Tongking.
Northern Laos, western Tongking, and northern Annam

(restricted to calcareous formations).

Napothera crispifrons calcicola Deignan
Napothera crispifrons calcicola Deignan, 1939, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci., 29, p. 177 — Sathani Hin Lap
[lat. 14° 40’ N., long. 101° 10’ E.], Thailand.
Known only from type locality.

— Napothera crispifrons crispifrons (Blyth)
Turdinus crispifrons Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 24, p. 269 — Tenasserim; type from Mulayit Taung,
fide Sclater, 1892, Ibis, p. 76.
Calcareous formations of northern Thailand (Phrae Prov-
ince), central Tenasserim, and southwestern Thailand (Kan-
chanaburi Province).

NAPOTHERA BREVICAUDATA

Napothera brevicaudata striata (Walden)
Turdinus striatus Walden, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 4, 7, p. 241 — near Cherrapunji, Khasi Hills, As-
sam.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 289

Napothera brevicaudata naphaea Koelz, 1954, Contrib.
Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 5— Sangua, Lushai
Hills, Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra), Mani-

pur, and southwestern Burma.

~~ ? Napothera brevicaudata venningi (Harington)

Turdinulus brevicaudatus venningi Harington, 1913, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 33, p. 44 — Southern Shan State, Up-
per Burma.

Western Yunnan; northeastern Burma from southern
portion of Kachin State southward, through Northern and
Southern Shan States, to Karenni State; doubtfully dis-
tinct from brevicaudata.

Napothera brevicaudata brevicaudata (Blyth)

T [urdinus]. brevicaudatus Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 24, p. 272 — mountainous interior of the Te-
nasserim provinces; type from Mulayit Taung, Am-
herst District, fide Sclater, 1892, Ibis, p. 76.

Northern Thailand, on the west southward to Amherst

District of Tenasserim.

~ Napothera brevicaudata stevensi (Kinnear)

Turdinulus brevicaudatus stevensi Kinnear, 1925, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 74 —= Ngai Tio flat. 22°40’ N..,
long. 103° 47’ E.], Tongking.

Corythocichla brevicaudata obscura Delacour, 1927, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47,p..16h— Tam Dao [ilat. 21° 277 N..
long. 105° 40’ E.], Tongking.

Eastern portion of northern Laos, Tongking, and north-

ern Annam.

_— Napothera brevicaudata proxima Delacour

Napothera brevicaudata proxima Delacour, 1930, Oiseau
Rev. Frane. Orn., 11, p. 654 — Bana, between the Col
des Nuages and Tourane, central Annam.

Central Annam and southern Laos.

Napothera brevicaudata rufiventer (Delacour)
Corythocichla brevicaudata rufiventer Delacour, 1927,
Bull, Brit. Orn. Club, 47; -p. 162— Jiring, flat. 11° 31’
N., long. 108° 01’ E.], Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

290 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Napothera brevicaudata griseigularis (Delacour and Ja-
bouille)

Corythocichla griseigularis Delacour and Jabouille, 1928,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 181— Le Boc Kor [lat.
10° 37 N., Jong. 104° 03” Ei; Cambodia:

Corythocichla brevicaudata cognata Riley, 1933, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 46, p. 156 — Khao Sa Bap [lat.
12°to0 oN. one. 102° 415" Ele Phaland:

Southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia.

Napothera brevicaudata leucosticta (Sharpe)

Corythocichla leucosticta Sharpe, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 488 — Larut Range [ca. lat. 4° 48’ N., long.
100° 45’ E.], Perak.

Corythocichla brevicaudata herberti Baker, 1917, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 10 — Sathani Thung Song [lat.
8° 10’ N., long. 99° 40’ E.], Thailand.

Malay Peninsula from Siamese province of Nakhon Si

Thammarat southward to Negri Sembilan; Pulau Tioman.

NAPOTHERA CRASSA

_.... Napothera crassa (Sharpe)
Corythocichla crassa Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 391 — Kina
Balu, North Borneo.
Highlands of North Borneo.

NAPOTHERA RABORI

Napothera rabori Rand
Napothera rabori Rand, 1960, Fieldiana Zool. [Chicago],
39, p. 377 — Tabbug, Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte, Luzon,
Philippine Islands.
Northern Luzon (Ilocos Norte and Cagayan Provinces),
Philippine Islands.

NAPOTHERA EPILEPIDOTA
Napothera epilepidota guttaticollis (Ogilvie-Grant)
Turdinulus guttaticollis Ogilvie-Grant, 1895, Ibis, p. 432

— Miri Hills, Assam.
Hill tracts of Assam north of the Brahmaputra.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 291

—Napothera epilepidota roberti (Godwin-Austen and Walden)

Pnoepyga robertt Godwin-Austen and Walden, 1875, Ibis,
p. 252 — Chakha, Manipur.

Corythocichla squamata Baker, 1901, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc., 13, p. 408, pl. H — Hangmai Peak, Cachar,
Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra; north-

western Burma.

— ? Napothera epilepidota bakeri (Harington)

Turdinulus epilepidotus bakeri Harington, 1913, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 33, p. 44— Na Noi, Southern Shan
State, Upper Burma.

Southern Shan and Karenni States of Burma; doubt-

fully distinct from davisoni.

Napothera epilepidota davisoni (Ogilvie-Grant)

Turdinulus davisoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 25, p. 97 — Thaungya Sakan and Mulayit Taung,
Amherst District, Tenasserim.

Northern Thailand, on the west southward to Amherst

District of Tenasserim.

Napothera epilepidota amyae (Kinnear)

Turdinulus epilepidotus amyx Kinnear, 1925, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 45, p. 73 — Bao Ha [lat. 22° 10’ N., long.
104° 21’ E.], Tongking.

Turdinulus epilepidotus laotianus Delacour, 1926, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 17— Chiang Khwang [lat.
19° 19° Ni, lone, 103° 227. ]), Laos:

Eastern portion of northern Laos, northern Annam, and

Tongking.

Napothera epilepidota delacouri Yen
Napothera epilepidota Delacouri Yen, 1934, Oiseau Rev.
Franc. Orn., nouv. sér., 4, p. 32 — Yao Shan, Kwangsi.
Known only from type locality.

Napothera epilepidota hainana (Hartert)

Turdinulus robertt hainanus Hartert, 1910, Novit. Zool.,
17, p. 280 — Mount Wuchi, Hainan.
Hainan.

292, CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Napothera epilepidota clara (Robinson and Kloss)
Turdinulus epilepidotus clarus Robinson and Kloss, 1919,
Ibis, p. 582 — Dalat [lat. 11° 55’ N., long. 108° 26’ E],
Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

Napothera epilepidota granti (Richmond)

Turdinulus granti Richmond, 1900, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
22, p. 320 — Khao Soi Dao [lat. 7° 20’ N., long. 99° 50’
E.], Thailand.

Turdinulus humei Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 564
—Gunong Tahan [lat. 4° 38’ N., long. 102° 14’ E.],
Pahang.

Malay Peninsula from Siamese province of Nakhon Si

Thammarat southward to Johore.

Napothera epilepidota diluta (Robinson and Kloss)

Turdinulus epilepidotus dilutus Robinson and Kloss, 1916,
Journ. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., no. 73, p. 276
— Sungei Kumbang [lat. 1° 48’ S., long. 101° 20’ E.],
Sumatra.

Napothera exsul lucilleae de Schauensee and Ripley, 1940,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 91 (1939), p. 352,
pl. 21, lower fig. — Meluwak, near Gunong Leuser,
Acheh, Sumatra.!

Highlands of western Sumatra (except area occupied by

mendent) .

? Napothera epilepidota mendeni Neumann

Napothera epilepidota mendeni Neumann, 1937, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 57, p. 152—Gunong Dempu [lat.
4°01" S., lone. 103° 07’ E.]; Sumatra.

Highlands of southwestern Sumatra; doubtfully distinct

from epilepidota.

1 The authors, reporting this form as virtually sympatric with
diluta in the Acheh district, divide the populations here treated as
races of epilepidota between two species: N. epilepidota, with diluta,
mendeni, and epilepidota, and N. exsul, with all the rest. I am unable
to appreciate the characters believed by them to have specific value,
and since lucilleae was separated from the very distinct exsul of
Borneo rather than from the sympatric diluta, I must consider it a
mere variant of diluta.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 293

— Napothera epilepidota epilepidota (Temminck) »— fk
Myiothera epilepidota Temminck, 1827, Pl. col., livr. 74,
pl. 448, fig. 2— Java and Sumatra; restricted to Java,
by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 565.
Highlands of western and central Java.

__-Napothera epilepidota exsul (Sharpe)
. Turdinulus exsul Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 479 — Kina Balu,
North Borneo.
Highlands of northern Borneo.

GENUS PNOEPYGA HODGSON

Microura Gould, 1837, Icones Avium, pt. 1, pl. [5]. Type,
by original designation and monotypy, Microwra squa-
mata Gould. Nomen oblitum.!

Pnoepyga Hodgson, 1844, in J. E. Gray, Zool. Misc., no. 3,
p. 82. Type, by subsequent designation (Zimmer and
Vaurie, 1954, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 74, p. 41), Tesia
albiventer Hodgson.

PNOEPYGA ALBIVENTER

~ Pnoepyga albiventer pallidior Kinnear /. wy ;

Pnoepyga albiventer pallidior Kinnear, 1924, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 45, p. 10 — Dharmsala, Kangra, East Pun-
jab.

Himalayas from East Punjab eastward to western Nepal.

__. Pnoepyga albiventer albiventer (Hodgson)

[Tesia] Albiventer Hodgson, 1837 (Feb.), Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 6, p. 102 — Nepal; restricted to eastern
Nepal by Rand and Fleming, 1957, Fieldiana Zool.
[Chicago], 41, p. 124; further restricted to Ilam Dis-
trict by Ripley, 1961, Synopsis Birds India Pakistan,
Dp. ool.

Microura squamata Gould, 1887 (Aug.), Icones Avium,
pt. 1, pl. [5] — “Himalaya Mountains” and Nepal.

Pnoepyga mutica Thayer and Bangs, 1912, Mem. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 40, p. 172, pl. 4, fig. 1 —- Wa Shan, south-
western Szechwan.

1 This name has been placed on the Official Index of Rejected Names
(Opinion 695).

294 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pnoepyga squamata magnirostris Rothschild, 1925, Novit.
Zool., 32, p. 297 — Shweli Valley, northwestern Yun-
nan.

Pnoepyga albiventer vegeta Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 11— Kohima, Naga Hills,
Assam.

Himalayas from central Nepal eastward, through Bhutan,
Assam (both north and south of the Brahmaputra), north-
ern Burma, northwestern Yunnan, and southeastern Hsi-
kang, to southwestern Szechwan; northwestern Tongking.

PNOEPYGA PUSILLA

~Pnoepyga pusilla pusilla Hodgson

[Pnoepyga] pusillus [sic] Hodgson, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 25 — Nepal.

Pnepyga pusilla tonkinensis Delacour and Jabouille, 1930,
Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 11, p. 404— Chapa [lat.
22° 20’ N., long. 108° 50’ E.], Tongking.

Pnepyga pusilla pygmxa Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India, 4, p. 40 — Karong, Manipur.

Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Bhutan, Assam
(both north and south of the Brahmaputra), northern Bur-
ma, northwestern Yunnan, and southeastern Hsikang, to
southwestern Szechwan, southward in western Burma to
the Chin Hills and in eastern Burma, through the Shan
States, to Karenni; northwestern Thailand and Amherst
District of Tenasserim (Mulayit Taung); northern Laos
and Tongking; southeastern Yunnan, Kwangsi, and Fukien.

Pnoepyga pusilla formosana Ingram

Pnoépyga formosana Ingram, 1909, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
23, p. 97 — Arisan, central Formosa.

Highlands of Formosa.

~—Pnoepyga pusilla annamensis Robinson and Kloss -
Pnoepyga pusilla annamensis Robinson and Kloss, 1919,
Ibis, p. 591 — Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau); population of
southern Laos (Boloven Plateau) may be referable here.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 295

Pnoepyga pusilla harterti Robinson and Kloss
Pnoepyga pusilla... harterti Robinson and Kloss, 1918,
Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., 8, p. 205 — Gu-
nong Ijau, Larut Range, Perak.
Highlands of Malay Peninsula from Siamese province of
Nakhon Si Thammarat southward to southern Selangor and
northern Pahang.

~—— Pnoepyga pusilla lepida Salvadori
Pnoepyga lepida Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
14, p. 227 — Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24’ S., long.
100° 20’ E.], Sumatra.
Highlands of western Sumatra.

—Pnoepyga pusilla rufa Sharpe / i

Pnoepyga rufa Sharpe, 1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6
(1881), pp. 802 (in key), 304— Mount Gedeh lat.
G47" S., lone: 106° 59” El), Java.

Highlands of Java.

~—~Pnoepyga pusilla everetti Rothschild
Pnoepyga everetti Rothschild, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 168
— southern Flores.
Highlands of Flores.

Pnoepyga pusilla timorensis Mayr
Pnoepyga pusilla timorensis Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 83, pp. 185 (in annotated list), 157 — Mount
Mutis, Timor.
Highlands of Timor.

GENUS SPELAEORNIS DAVID AND OUSTALET

Spiloptera Jerdon (ex Blyth MS), 1862 (subgenus of
Troglodytes Vieillot), Birds India, 1, p. 492. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Troglodytes punc-
tatus Blyth. Not Spiloptera Zetterstedt, 1860, Diptera.

Spelxornis David and Oustalet, 1877, Oiseaux Chine, p.
228. Type, by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1882,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6 (1881), p. 264), Pnoepyga
troglodytoides J. Verreaux.

Urocichla Sharpe, 1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6 (1881),

296 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

pp. 181 (in key), 263. Type, by monotypy, Pnoepyga
longicaudata Moore.

Elachura Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, pp. 328
(in key), 339. Type, by original designation and mono-
typy, Troglodytes punctatus Blyth. New name for Spi-
loptera “Blyth” Jerdon, preoccupied.

cf. Ripley, 1950, Auk, 67, pp. 390-391.
Ripley, 1954, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 20, pp. [1]-4.

SPELAEORNIS CAUDATUS

Spelaeornis (caudatus) caudatus (Blyth)
T [esta]. caudata Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
14, p. 588 — Darjeeling, West Bengal.
Sikkim and West Bengal (Darjeeling District) ; eastern
Bhutan.

Spelaeornis (caudatus?) badeigularis Ripley
Spelaeornis badeigularis Ripley, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 61, p. 103 — Dreyi, Mishmi Hills, north-
eastern Assam.
Known only from type locality.

SPELAEORNIS TROGLODYTOIDES

Spelaeornis troglodytoides sherriffi Kinnear

Spelxornis souliei sherriffi Kinnear, 1934, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 54, p. 107— Donga La, between Lingste and
Trashi Yangtsi, eastern Bhutan.

Eastern Bhutan.

Spelaeornis troglodytoides souliei Oustalet
Spelxornis Souliei Oustalet, 1898, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, 4, p. 257 — Tzeku, northwestern Yunnan.
Northeastern Burma and northwestern Yunnan (west of
the Mekong).

Spelaeornis troglodytoides rocki Riley
Spelaeornis rocki Riley, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 42, p. 214— mountains of Ho-fu-ping, Mekong
Valley, northwestern Yunnan.
Northwestern Yunnan (east of the Mekong).

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 297

Spelaeornis troglodytoides troglodytoides (Verreaux)
Pnoepyga troglodytoides J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 34; idem, 1871, ibid., 7,
p. 30 — “les montagnes du Thibet chinois’’; type from
Muping [= Paohing, Hsikang, fide Verreaux, 1871].
Hsikang (Kangting and Paohing) and northwestern
Szechwan (Wenchwan).

Spelaeornis troglodytoides halsueti (David)
Pnoepyga? Halsueti David, 1875, L’Institut, nouv. sér.,
3, p. 76 — Shensi; type from Chinling Mountains.
Shensi (Chinling Mountains).

SPELAEORNIS FORMOSUS

—Spelaeornis formosus (Walden)

T [roglodytes]. punctatus Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 14, p. 589 — Darjeeling, West Bengal. Not Tro-
glodytes punctatus C. L. Brehm, 18238, nor Troglodites
[sic] punctatus Boie, 1822.

T [roglodytes]. formosus Walden, 1874, Ibis, p. 91. New
name for Troglodytes punctatus Blyth, preoccupied.

Elachura laurentei La Touche, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
43, p. 172 — Mahuangpu, southeastern Yunnan.

Sikkim and West Bengal (Darjeeling District) ; Bhutan,

Assam north of the Brahmaputra (Dafla Hills) ; western
Burma (Mount Victoria) ; southeastern Yunnan; northwest-
ern Fukien.

SPELAEORNIS CHOCOLATINUS

_Spelaeornis chocolatinus chocolatinus (Godwin-Austen and

Walden)

Pnoepyga chocolatina Godwin-Austen and Walden, 1875,
Ibis, p. 252 — Kedimai, Manipur.

Elachura haplonota Baker, 1892, Ibis, p. 62, pl. 2, fig. 1 —
Hangrum Peak, North Cachar Hills, Assam.

Elachura immaculata Baker, 1893, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc., 7 (1892), pl. opp. p. 319 — North Cachar,
Assam. Lapsus.

Spelaeornis chocolatinus nagaensis Ripley, 1951, Postilla,
Yale Univ., no. 6, p. 4 — Mount Japvo, Naga Hills, As-
sam.

298 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra (North
Cachar and Naga Hills) and Manipur.

——Spelaeornis chocolatinus oatesi (Rippon)
Urocichla oatesi Rippon, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 14,
p. 88 — Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper
Burma.
Known only from type locality.

Spelaeornis chocolatinus reptatus (Bingham)

Urocichla reptata Bingham, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
13, p. 55 — Loi Pang Nao [lat. 21° 20’ N., long. 100° 20’
E.], Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.

Urocichla kauriensis Harington, 1908, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 8, 2, p. 246 — Watan, Bhamo District, Kachin
State, Upper Burma.

Urocichla sinlumensis Harington, 1908, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 8, 2, p. 246 — Sinlumkaba [lat. 24° 15’ N.,
long. 97° 31’ E.], Kachin State, Upper Burma.

Northeastern Burma from southern portion of Kachin

State southward to eastern portion of Southern Shan State;
southwestern Yunnan (west of the Mekong).

Spelaeornis chocolatinus kinneari Delacour and Jabouille ‘

Speleornis [sic] longicaudatus kinneari Delacour and Ja-
bouille, 1930, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 4038 —
Chapa [lat. 22° 20’ N., long. 103° 50’ E.], Tongking.

Northwestern Tongking.

SPELAEORNIS LONGICAUDATUS

__ Spelaeornis longicaudatus (Moore)

Pnoépyga longicaudata Moore, 1854, in Horsfield and
Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. East India Co., 1, p. 898 —
“Afghanistan,” error; corrected to northern India, by
Moore, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 22 (1854),
p. 74, and restricted to Khasi Hills, Assam, by Sharpe,
1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6 (1881), p. 263.

Hill tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and

Manipur.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 299

GENUS SPHENOCICHLA GODWIN-AUSTEN AND WALDEN

Sphenocichla Godwin-Austen and Walden, 1875, Ibis, p
250. Type, by monotypy, Sphenocichla roberti Godwin-
Austen and Walden.

SPHENOCICHLA HUMEI

___Sphenocichla humei humei (Mandelli)

Heterorhynchus Humei Mandelli, 1873, Stray eatCee: 1,
p. 415 — Sikkim.
Himalayas from Sikkim eastward into Assam (north of
the Brahmaputra).

Sphenocichla humei roberti Godwin-Austen and Walden
Sphenocichla roberti Godwin-Austen and Walden, 1875,
Ibis, p. 251 — North Cachar and Manipur Hills.
Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra and north-
ern Burma.

GENUS NEOMIXIS SHARPE

Eroessa Hartlaub, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 218.
Type, by monotypy, EHroessa tenella Hartlaub. Not
Eroessa Doubleday, 1847, Lepidoptera.

Damia... “Pollen, in litteris” Schlegel, 1867, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, (1866), p. 422. Type, by monotypy, Damia
pusilla “Pollen” Schlegel. Not Damia Lacordaire, 1848,
Coleoptera.

Neomixis Sharpe, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 195.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Neomizis
striatigula Sharpe.

Dauria “Pollen” Oberholser, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, p. 211. Lapsus.

Hartertula Stresemann, 1925, Orn. Monatsb., 33, p. 186.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Neomizis
flavoviridis Hartert.

NEOMIXIS TENELLA

— Neomixis tenella tenella (Hartlaub)
Eroessa tenella Hartlaub, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 219, text figs. — Madagascar; inferentially restricted
to northeastern Madagascar, by Milne Edwards and

300 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Grandidier, 1882, Histoire Physique, Naturelle Poli-
tique Madagascar, 12 (1879), p. 322.

Damia pusilla “Pollen, in litteris” Schlegel, 1867, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, (1866), p. 422. In synonymy with
Eroessa tenella Hartlaub.

Northern Savanna, northern portion of the Western

Savanna, and northern portion of the Humid East district,
Madagascar.

Neomixis tenella decaryi Delacour
Neomixis tenella decaryi Delacour, 1931, Oiseau Rev.
Franc. Orn., nouv. sér., 1, p. 482 — Tsiandro, Anka-
vandra, Ankoja, and Tsiroanomandidy, west-central
Madagascar; restricted to Tsiandro, by Salomonsen,
1934, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 14, p. 63.
Southern portion of the Western Savanna, Madagascar.

Neomixis tenella orientalis Delacour
Neomixis tenella orientalis Delacour, 19381, Oiseau Rev.
France. Orn., nouv. sér., 1, p. 482 — Fanovana, east-
central Madagascar.
Central and southern portions of the Humid East district,
Madagascar.

Neomixis tenella debilis Delacour
Neomixis tenella debilis Delacour, 1931, Oiseau Rev.
France. Orn., nouv. sér., 1, p. 482 — Tabiky, southwest-
ern Madagascar.
Arid plains of southwestern Madagascar.

NEOMIXIS VIRIDIS

Neomixis viridis delacouri Salomonsen
Neomixis viridis delacouri Salomonsen, 1934, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 14, p. 63 — Maroantsetra, north-
eastern Madagascar.
Northern portion of the Humid East district, Madagascar.

Neomixis viridis viridis (Sharpe)
Eroessa viridis Sharpe, 18838, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, pp.
* 151 (in key), 152 — Ankafana forest, Madagascar.
Southern portion of the Humid East district, Madagascar.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 301

NEOMIXIS STRIATIGULA

Neomixis striatigula sclateri Delacour
Neomixis striatigula sclateri Delacour, 1931, Oiseau Rev.
Franc. Orn., nouv. sér., 1, p. 480 — Fanovana, eastern
Madagascar.
Northern and central portions of the Humid East district,
Madagascar.

Neomixis striatigula striatigula Sharpe

Neomixis striatigula Sharpe, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 195, pl. 19 — Fianarantsoa, southeastern Mada-
gascar.

Eroessa tenella, var. major Grandidier, 1882, in Milne
Edwards and Grandidier, Histoire Physique, Naturelle
Politique Madagascar, 12 (1879), p. 323, pls. 113 A
and 118 B — Fianarantsoa, southeastern Madagascar.

Southern portion of the Humid East district, Madagascar.

Neomixis striatigula pallidior Salomonsen
Neomixis striatigula pallidior Salomonsen, 1934, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 14, p. 65 — Ampotaka, south-
western Madagascar.
Arid plains of southwestern Madagascar.

NEOMIXIS FLAVOVIRIDIS

— Neomixis flavoviridis Hartert
Neomixis flavoviridis Hartert, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
45, p. 35 — Analamazastra, Madagascar.
Central and southern portions of the Humid East district,
from Vondrozo to Sianaka, Madagascar.

GENUS STACHYRIS HopGson

Stachyris Hodgson, 1844, in Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 13, p. 379, footnote. Type, by original designation
and monotypy, Stachyris nigriceps Blyth.

Strachyris J. E. Gray, 1846, Cat. Mamm. Birds Nepal
Thibet, pp. 74, 153. Lapsus.

Stachyrhis Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. Zool. Index Univ.
Nomen emendatum.

Cyanoderma Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5,

302 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

p. 213. Type, by original designation, Timalia erythrop-
tera Blyth.

Dasycrotapha Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 114, pl. 9. Type, by original designation and mono-
typy, Dasycrotapha speciosa Tweeddale.

Dasycrotopha Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, pp.
506 (in key), 574. Lapsus.

Stachyridopsis “Sharpe” Oates, 1883, Handb. Birds Brit.
Burmah, 1, p. 52. Type, by subsequent designation
(Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 597), Sta-
chyris pyrrhops Blyth.

Thringorhina Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1,
p. 155. Type, by original designation, Turdinus gut-
tatus Blyth.

Stachyrhidopsis Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1,
p. 164. Nomen emendatum.

Zosterornis Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3,
p. 50. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Zos-
terornis whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant.

Sterrhoptilus Oberholser, 1918, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., 8, p. 394. Type, by original designation, Mixornis
(?) capitalis Tweeddale.

Nigravis Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 10;
idem, 1921, zbid., 41, p. 110. Type, by monotypy, Ni-
gravis herberti Baker.

Borisia Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philippine Is., pt. 4, pp.
398 (in key), 416. Type, by original designation, Zos-
terornis dennistount Ogilvie-Grant.

STACHYRIS RODOLPHEI

Stachyris rodolphei Deignan
Stachyris rodolphei Deignan, 1939, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.
Publ., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 110 — Doi Luang Chiang Dao
[lat. 19° 25’ N., long. 98° 55’ E.], Thailand.
Known only from type locality.

STACHYRIS RUFIFRONS

—~ Stachyris rufifrons pallescens (Ticehurst)
Stachyridopsis rufifrons pallescens Ticehurst, 1932, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 53, p. 18 — Gamon Chaung, Sandoway
District, Arakan.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 303

Hill tracts of southwestern Burma (Chin Hills and the
Arakan Yoma).

Stachyris rufifrons rufifrons Hume

Stachyris rufifrons Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 479
— western slopes of the Pegu Hills, Lower Burma.
Southeastern Burma from Shan States southward,
through Karenni, into Tenasserim; western Thailand (Chi-
ang Mai and Kanchanaburi Provinces).

Stachyris rufifrons obscura (Baker)

Stachyridopsis rufifrons obscura Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 38, p. 10 — Khlong Bang Lai, a stream near
Sathani Map Ammarit [lat. 10° 50’ N., long. 99° 20’
E.], Thailand.

Mergui District, Tenasserim (?); central portion of pe-

ninsular Thailand (Chumphon and Surat Thani Provinces).

Stachyris rufifrons poliogaster Hume
Stachyris poliogaster Hume, 1880, Stray Feathers, 9, p.
116 — Gunong Pulai [lat. 1° 36’ N., long. 103° 33’ E.],
Johore.
Western portion of Malaya from southern Perak south-
ward to Johore; Sumatra.

? Stachyris rufifrons sarawacensis (Chasen)

Cyanoderma rufifrons sarawacensis Chasen, 1939, Treu-
bia, 17, p. 205 — Mount Poi, western Sarawak.
Borneo; doubtfully distinct from poliogaster.

STACHYRIS AMBIGUA
Stachyris ambigua ambigua (Harington)
Stachyrhidopsis rufifrons ambigua Harington, 1915,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 23, pp. 628 (in key),
631 — Gunjong, Barail Range, Assam.
Himalayas from Sikkim eastward, through Bhutan, into
hill tracts of Assam, both north and south of the Brah-
maputra.

Stachyris ambigua planicola Mayr

Stachyris ruficeps planicola Mayr, 1941, in Stanford and
Mayr, Ibis, p. 70—Shingaw [lat. 25° 39’ N., long.
97° 53’ E.], Upper Burma.

Northeastern Burma (Kachin State).

304 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—Stachyris ambigua adjuncta Deignan
Stachyris rufifrons adjuncta Deignan, 1939, Field Mus.
Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 110 — Phong Saly
flat. 21° 42’ N.; lone: 102°\07' E.1) Laos:
Northern Thailand and northwestern portion of the east-
ern plateau of Thailand; northern Laos and northwestern
Tongking.

Stachyris ambigua insuspecta Deignan
Stachyris rufifrons insuspecta Deignan, 1939, Field Mus.
Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 111 — Thateng [lat.
15° 31’ N., long. 106° 22’ E.], Laos.
Southern Laos (Boloven Plateau).

STACHYRIS RUFICEPS

~ Stachyris ruficeps ruficeps Blyth
Stachyris ruficeps Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
16, p. 452 — Darjeeling, West Bengal.
Along Himalayas from Sikkim eastward, through Bhu-
tan, into Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

Stachyris ruficeps rufipectus Koelz
Stachyris ruficeps rufipectus Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 6— Kohima, Naga Hills,
Assam.
Hill tracts of northeastern Assam from the Mishmis
southward to Manipur; northwestern Burma (Upper Chind-
win District).

_—Stachyris ruficeps bhamoensis (Harington)
Stachyridopsis bhamoensis Harington, 1908, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 2, p. 245 — Sinlumkaba [lat. 24° 15’
N., long. 97° 31’ E.], Upper Burma.
Northeastern Burma (Kachin and Northern Shan States)
and northwestern Yunnan.

“Stachyris ruficeps davidi (Oustalet)
Stachyridiopsis [sic] Davidi Oustalet, 1899, Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Paris, 5, p. 119 — western Szechwan.
S[tachyridopsis]. sinensis Ogilvie-Grant and La Touche,
1907, Ibis, p. 184 — China; here restricted to Fukien.
Stachyridopsis ruficeps bangsi La Touche, 19238, Bull.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 305

Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 32 — Milati, southeastern Yun-
nan.

Along Yangtze Valley from Szechwan eastward to Anh-
wei, thence southward and westward through coastal prov-
inces to southeastern Yunnan; Tongking, northern Annam,
and eastern portion of northern Laos.

~ Stachyris ruficeps praecognita Swinhoe
Stachyrhis [sic] precognitus [sic] Swinhoe, 1866, Ibis,
p. 310 — Formosa.
Formosa.

Stachyris ruficeps goodsoni (Rothschild)
Stachyridopsis ruficeps goodsoni Rothschild, 1930, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 8 — Mount Wuchi, Hainan.
Hainan.

_— Stachyris ruficeps pagana (Riley)
Stachyridopsis ruficeps paganus Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 53, p. 132 —Fimnom [lat. 11° 47’
N., long. 108° 24’ E.], Annam.
Southern Annam.

STACHYRIS PYRRHOPS

_—.Stachyris pyrrhops Blyth

St[achyris]. pyrrhops Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 13, p. 379 — Nepal.

Stachyris pyrrhops ochrops Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 6— Kotla, Kangra, East
Punjab.

Himalayas from West Pakistan (Rawalpindi District)

eastward to central Nepal.

STACHYRIS CHRYSAEA

~Stachyris chrysaea chrysaea Blyth
St[achyris]. chrysxa Blyth, 1844, Journ. Aniae Soc. Ben-
gal, 13, p. 879 — Nepal.
Stachyris chrysaea chrysocoma Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 5 — Karong, Manipur.
Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Sikkim, Bhu-
tan, Assam (both north and south of the Brahmaputra, ex-

306 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

cept area occupied by binghami), and northern Burma,
to western Yunnan (west of the Salween).

~~ Stachyris chrysaea binghami Rippon

Stachyris binghami Rippon, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
14, p. 84 — Mount Victoria [lat. 21° 15’ N., long. 93° 55’
E.], Upper Burma.

Stachyris chrysaea crocina Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Re-
gional Explor., no. 1, p. 6 — Sangau, Lushai Hills, As-
sam.

Southeastern Assam (Lushai Hills) and southwestern

Burma (Chin Hills and Arakan Yoma).

Stachyris chrysaea aurata de Schauensee
Stachyris chrysaea aurata de Schauensee, 1938, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 90, p. 29 — Doi Pha Hom
Pok [lat. 20° 05’ N., long. 99° 10’ E.], Thailand.
Southern Shan State (east of the Salween), northern-
most Thailand, northern Laos, northern half of Annam, and
Tongking.

Stachyris chrysaea assimilis (Walden)

S[trachyrhis]. assmilis [sic] Walden, 1875, in Blyth,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 43, extra no., p. 116 — Ka-
renni State, Upper Burma.

Southern Shan State (west of the Salween) southward,

through Karenni and hills of northwestern Thailand, to cen-
tral Tenasserim.

—— Stachyris chrysaea chrysops Richmond

Stachyris chrysops Richmond, 1902, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 15, p. 157 — Khao Nam Pliu [lat. 7° 35’
N., long. 99° 50’ E.], Thailand.
Hills of Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim and
Isthmus of Kra southward to southern Selangor and Pa-
hang.

___ Stachyris chrysaea frigida (Hartlaub)

H{eleia]. frigida “Mill.” Hartlaub, 1865, Journ. f. Orn.,
13, p. 27 — Sumatra.

Stachyris bocagei Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Ge-
nova, 14, p. 223 — Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24’ S.,
long. 100° 20’ E.], Sumatra.

Highlands of western Sumatra.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 307

STACHYRIS PLATENI
Stachyris plateni pygmaea (Ogilvie-Grant)

Mixornis plateni “Blas.’”’ Bourns and Worcester, 1894,
Occ. Papers Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 58 —Sa-
mar, Philippine Islands. Not Mixornis plateni Blasius,
1890.

Zosterornis pygmeus Ogilvie-Grant, 1896, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 6, p. 18 — Samar, Philippine Islands.

Samar and Leyte, Philippine Islands.

__ Stachyris plateni plateni (Blasius)
Mixornis Plateni Blasius, 1890 (Apr. 15), Braunschwei-
gische Anzeigen, no. 87, p. 877; idem, 1890 (Oct.), Journ.
f. Orn., 38, p. 147 — Mindanao, Philippine Islands; type
from near Davao, fide Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philip-
pine Is., pt. 4, p. 420.
Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

STACHYRIS CAPITALIS
Stachyris (capitalis ?) dennistouni (Ogilvie-Grant)
Zosterornis dennistouni Ogilvie-Grant, 1895, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 5, p. 2— Cape Engano, northeastern Luzon,
Philippine Islands.
Northeastern Luzon (Cagayan and Isabela Provinces),
Philippine Islands.

Stachyris capitalis affinis (McGregor)

Zosterornis affinis McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci.,
2, p. 292 — Lamao, Bataan Province, Luzon, Philippine
Islands.

Southern Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Stachyris capitalis nigrocapitata (Steere)

Mixornis nigrocapitatus Steere, 1890, List Birds Mam-
mals Steere Exped., p. 17 — Samar and Leyte, Philip-
pine Islands.

Samar and northern Leyte, Philippine Islands.

Stachyris capitalis boholensis Rand and Rabor
Stachyris nigrocapitata boholensis Rand and Rabor, 1957,
Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 42, p. 14 — Cantaub, Sierra
Bullones, Bohol, Philippine Islands.
Bohol, Philippine Islands.

308 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Stachyris capitalis capitalis (Tweeddale)
Mixornis (?) capitalis Tweeddale, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, 20, p. 535 — Dinagat, Philippine Islands.
Panaon, Dinagat, Mindanao, and Basilan, Philippine Is-
lands.
STACHYRIS SPECIOSA

Stachyris speciosa (Tweeddale)

Dasycrotapha speciosa Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 114, pl. 9 — Valencia, Negros, Philippine
Islands.

Lowlands of Negros, Philippine Islands.

STACHYRIS WHITEHEADI

Stachyris whiteheadi (Ogilvie-Grant)

Zosterornis whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 3, p. 50 — mountains of northern Luzon,
Philippine Islands.

Highlands of northern Luzon, and (subspecies ?) extreme

southern Luzon, Philippine Islands.

STACHYRIS STRIATA
Stachyris striata (Ogilvie-Grant)
Zosterornis striatus Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 4, p. ii— Isabela Province, Luzon, Philippine

Islands.
Highlands of northern Luzon, Philippine Islands.

STACHYRIS NIGRORUM!

-Stachyris nigrorum Rand and Rabor

Stachyris nigrorum Rand and Rabor, 1952, Nat. Hist.
Misc. [Chicago], no. 100, p. [1] — Cuernos de Negros,
Negros Oriental Province, Negros, Philippine Islands.

Highlands of Negros, Philippine Islands.

STACHYRIS HYPOGRAMMICA

Stachyris hypogrammica Salomonsen
Stachyris hypogrammica Salomonsen, 1961, Dansk Orn.

1 Stachyris nigrorum and striata comprise a superspecies.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 309

For. Tidsskr., 55, p. 219— Mount Mataling, Manta-
lingajan Range, Palawan, Philippine Islands.
Highlands of Palawan, Philippine Islands.

STACHYRIS GRAMMICEPS

Stachyris grammiceps (Temminck)

Myiothera grammiceps Temminck, 1827, Pl. col., livr. 74,
pl. 448, fig. 3 — Java.

T[imalia]. grammicephala Bonaparte (ex Kuhl MS),
1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 217 — Java.

Western Java.

STACHYRIS HERBERTI

Stachyris herberti (Baker)

Nigravis herberti Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
41, p. 10 — “Ban Sao, Siam,” error [= Ban Lak Sao
Gat; 18° 11’ N:, long: 104° 58” E.), aos].

Known only from type locality.

STACHYRIS NIGRICEPS
_Stachyris nigriceps nigriceps Blyth
St[achyris]. nigriceps Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 378 — Nepal.
Himalayas from central Nepal, through Sikkim and Bhu-
tan, to Assam (Abor Hills).

Stachyris nigriceps coei Ripley
Stachyris nigriceps coei Ripley, 1952, Postilla, Yale Univ.,
no. 14, p. [2] — Dreyi, Mishmi Hills, Assam.
Eastern Assam (Mishmi Hills).

Stachyris nigriceps coltarti Harington
Stachyris nigriceps coltarti Harington, 1913, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 33, p. 61 — Margherita, eastern Assam.
Eastern Assam (Naga Hills) and northern Burma.

Stachyris nigriceps spadix Ripley
Stachyris nigriceps spadix Ripley, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 68, p. 89 — Laisung, Cachar, Assam.
Stachyris nigriceps ravida Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.

310 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 5— Sangau, Lushai Hills,
Assam.
Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra and of
southern Burma (except Shan State) south and east to
northern Tenasserim; northwestern Thailand.

Stachyris nigriceps yunnanensis La Touche
Stachyris nigriceps yunnanensis La Touche, 1921, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 18— Hokow [lat. 23° 15’ N.;
long. 103° 39’ E.], Yunnan.
Eastern Burma (Shan State); eastern portion of north-
ern plateau of Thailand; northern Laos; northern Annam;
western Tongking; southwestern Yunnan.

Stachyris nigriceps rileyi Chasen

Stachyris nigriceps dilutus [sic] Robinson and Kloss,
1919, Ibis, p. 584 — Dran [lat. 11° 49’ N., long. 108° 38’
E.], Annam. Not Stachyris poliocephala diluta Robin-
son and Kloss, 1918.

Stachyris nigriceps rileyi Chasen, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 56, p. 115. New name for Stachyris nigriceps
diluta Robinson and Kloss, preoccupied.

Southern half of Annam.

Stachyris nigriceps dipora Oberholser
Stachyris nigriceps dipora Oberholser, 1922, Smiths.
Mise. Coll., 74 (2), p. 7 — Khao Soi Dao [lat. 7° 20’ N.,
long. 99° 50’ E.], Thailand.
Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui Dis-
trict) and Isthmus of Kra southward to Siamese province
of Trang.

~Stachyris nigriceps davisoni Sharpe
Stachyris davisoni Sharpe, 1892, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
1, p. 7— Gunong Tahan, Pahang.
Malay Peninsula from Siamese province of Pattani south-
ward to Negri Sembilan.

— Stachyris nigriceps larvata (Bonaparte) ””*

Tlimalia]. larvata “Mill. Mus. Lugd.” Bonaparte, 1850,
Consp. Av., 1, p. 217 — Sumatra.

Sumatra and Lingga Archipelago.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 311

? Stachyris nigriceps tionis Robinson and Kloss
Stachyris nigriceps tionis Robinson and Kloss, 1927,
Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., 13, p. 211—
Juara Bay, Pulau Tioman, Johore-Pahang Archipelago.
Pulau Tioman; doubtfully distinct from larvata.

Stachyris nigriceps natunensis Hartert
Stachyris natunensis Hartert, 1894, Novit. Zool., 1, p. 470
— Pulau Bunguran, North Natuna Islands.
North Natuna Islands.

—Stachyris nigriceps hartleyi Chasen
Stachyris nigriceps hartleyi Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles
Mus., no. 10, p. 48 — Mount Poi, Sarawak.
Highlands of western Sarawak (Mounts Poi and Penris-
sen).

_-—Stachyris nigriceps borneensis Sharpe

Stachyris borneensis Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 449 — Kina
Balu, North Borneo.

Stachyris larvata vermiculata Harrisson and Hartley,
1934, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 54, p. 153 — Mount Dulit,
Sarawak.

Borneo (except area occupied by hartley).

STACHYRIS POLIOCEPHALA
——Stachyris poliocephala (Temminck)

Timalia poliocephala Temminck, 1836, Pl. col., livr. 100,
pl. 5938, fig. 2—-Sumatra and Borneo; restricted to
Benkulen [lat. 3° 47’ S., long. 102° 15’ E.], Sumatra,
by Kloss, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 348.

Stachyris poliocephala diluta Robinson and Kloss, 1918,
Ibis, p. 587 — Taiping, Perak.

Stachyris poliocephala pulla Kloss, 1931, Treubia, 13, p.
348 — Tuntungan, Deli District, northeastern Sumatra.

Malay Peninsula southward from Isthmus of Kra; Su-

matra; Borneo.

STACHYRIS STRIOLATA
Stachyris striolata swinhoei Rothschild

Stachyris guttata swinhoei Rothschild, 1903, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 14, p. 8 — Mount Wuchi, Hainan.
Hainan.

312 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Stachyris striolata tonkinensis Kinnear

Thringorhina guttata diluta Kinnear, 1924, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 45, p. 11 — Thai Nien [lat. 22° 23’ N., long.
104° 06’ E.], Tongking. Not Stachyris poliocephala
diluta Robinson and Kloss, 1918, nor Stachyris nigri-
ceps diluta Robinson and Kloss, 1919.

Thringorhina guttata sinensis Stresemann, 1929, Orn.
Monatsb., 37, p. 141 — Yao Shan, Kwangsi. Not Sta-
chyridopsis sinensis Ogilvie-Grant and La Touche, 1907
= Stachyris ruficeps davidi (Oustalet).

Stachyris guttata tonkinensis Kinnear, 1938, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 58, p. 82. New name for Thringorhina gut-
tata diluta Kinnear, preoccupied.

Kwangsi, eastern Tongking, and northern Annam.

—_Stachyris striolata helenae Delacour and Greenway —

Stachyris striolata helene Delacour and Greenway, 1939,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 1830 — Ban Nam Khuang
[lat. 20° 24’ N., long. 100° 14’ E.], Laos.

Northern Laos and eastern portion of northern plateau

of Thailand (Nan Province).

Stachyris striolata guttata (Blyth)

Turdinus guttatus “Tickell’ Blyth, 1859, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 28, p. 414— Tenasserim; type from
“Woods near Theethoungplee. 3000 ft.,”’ Amherst Dis-
trict, fide Tickell, 1860, zbid., 28, no. 5 (1859), p. 450.

Central Tenasserim and adjacent areas of western Thai-

land (Tak Province).

Stachyris striolata nigrescentior Deignan
Stachyris striolata nigrescentior Deignan, 1947, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci., 37, p. 104 — Khao Nok Ra [lat.
7° 25’ N., long. 99° 55’ E.], Thailand.
Peninsular Thailand from Isthmus of Kra southward to
Trang Province.

Stachyris striolata umbrosa (Kloss)

Thringorhina striolata umbrosa Kloss, 1921, Journ. Fed-
erated Malay States Mus., 10, p. 212 — Bandar Bahru,
Upper Deli District, northeastern Sumatra.

Northeastern Sumatra.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 313

— Stachyris striolata striolata (Miiller)
Timalia strialata [sic] S. Miiller, 1885, Tijdschr. Natuur.
| ANS / Gesch. Phys., 2, p. 345 — Sumatra; restricted to Pa-
¥ dang Residencies, by Kloss, 1921, Journ. Federated
Malay States Mus., 10, p. 218.
Highlands of western Sumatra.

STACHYRIS OGLEI!
——— Stachyris oglei (Godwin-Austen)

Actinura Oglei Godwin-Austen, 1877, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 46, p. 42 — near Sadiya, Assam.
Eastern Assam.

STACHYRIS MACULATA

— Stachyris maculata maculata (Temminck)
Timalia maculata Temminck, 1836, Pl. col., livr. 100, pl.
593, fig. 1 — Borneo and Sumatra; restricted to Borneo,
by Robinson and Kloss, 1918, Ibis, p. 588.
Malay Peninsula from southern Thailand (Krabi Prov-
ince) southward to Johore; Riouw Archipelago; Sumatra;
Borneo.

Stachyris maculata banjakensis Richmond

Stachyris banjakensis Richmond, 1902, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 15, p. 190 — Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Is-
lands.

Known only from type locality.

Stachyris maculata hypopyrrha Oberholser

Stachyris maculata hypopyrrha Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 9 — Pulau Pini, Batu Islands.
Pulau Pini and Pulau Tanah Masa, Batu Islands.

STACHYRIS LEUCOTIS _
_—Stachyris leucotis leucotis (Strickland) <¢

Timalia leucotis Strickland, 1848, in Jardine, Contr. Orn.,
p. 63, pl. 12 — Malacca.
Lowland forests of Malay Peninsula from Siamese prov-
ince of Trang southward to Johore.

1 Stachyris oglei and striolata comprise a superspecies.

314 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Stachyris leucotis sumatrensis Chasen
Stachyris leucotis sumatrensis Chasen, 1939, Treubia, 17,

p. 184 — between Lesten [lat. 4° 12’ N., long. 97° 40’
E.] and Pendeng [lat. 4° 08’ N., long. 97°36’ E.],
Sumatra.

Known only from type locality.

Stachyris leucotis obscurata Mayr

Stachyris leucotis goodsoni Hartert, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 36, p. 7—-Gunong Mulu [lat. 4° 04’ N., long.
114° 57’ E.], Sarawak. Not Stachyridopsis ruficeps
goodsoni Rothschild, 1903 = Stachyris ruficeps goodsont
(Rothschild).

Stachyris leucotis obscurata Mayr, 1942, Auk, 59, p. 117.

New name for Stachyris leucotis goodsont Hartert, pre-
occupied.
Borneo.

STACHYRIS NIGRICOLLIS
Stachyris nigricollis (Temminck)

Timalia nigricollis Temminck, 1836, Pl. col., livr. 100, pl.
594, fig. 2 — Borneo.

Malay Peninsula from southern Thailand (Nakhon Si
Thamarat Province) southward to Johore; eastern Suma-
tra; Borneo.

STACHYRIS THORACICA
Stachyris thoracica thoracica (Temminck)

Pitta thoracica Temminck, 1821, Pl. col., livr. 18, pl. 76
— Java; here restricted to Mount Salak [lat. 6° 42’ S.,
long. 106° 44’ E.].

Southern Sumatra; western and central Java.

Stachyris thoracica orientalis Robinson

Stachyris orientalis Robinson, 1918, Journ. Federated

Malay States, 7, p. 286 — Sodong Gerok, near Banyu-
wangi [lat. 8° 12’ S., long. 114° 23’ E.], Java.
Eastern Java.

STACHYRIS ERYTHROPTERA
Stachyris erythroptera erythroptera (Blyth)

T[imalia]. erythroptera Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 11, p. 794 — Singapore.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 315

Cyanoderma erythropterum sordida [sic] Baker, 1917,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 10 — Khlong Wang Hip, a
stream near Sathani Thung Song [lat. 8° 10’ N., long.
99° 40’ E.], and Sathani Map Ammarit [lat. 10° 50’ N.,
long. 99° 20’ E.], Thailand.

Cyanoderma erythroptera [sic] neocara [sic] Oberholser,
1932, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 159, pp: 6 (in list), 66 —
Pulau Bunguran, Northern Natuna Islands.

Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui Dis-

trict) and Isthmus of Kra southward to Singapore; North
Natuna Islands.

Stachyris erythroptera pyrrhophaea (Hartlaub)

Timalia pyrrhophea Hartlaub, 1844, Rev. Zool. [Paris],
7, p. 402 — Malacca and Sumatra; inferentially re-
stricted to Sumatra, by Robinson and Kloss, 1920,
Journ. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., no. 81, p. 106.

Cyanoderma erythropterum pellum Oberholser, 1912,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60 (7), p. 9— Pulau Tanah Masa,
Batu Islands.

Cyanoderma erythroptera [sic] eripella [sic] Oberholser,
1922, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 7— Upper Sungei
Siak [probably at ca. lat. 0° 46’ N., long. 101° 46’ E.],
Sumatra.

Cyanoderma erythroptera [sic] apega [sic] Oberholser,
1922, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 8— Tanjong Te-
dong, Bangka.

Sumatra; Batu Islands; Bangka; Billiton; birds from

Pulau Tioman may be provisionally referred to this race.

Stachyris erythroptera fulviventris (Richmond)

Cyanoderma fulviventris Richmond, 1903, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 26, p. 507 — Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Islands.
Known only from type locality.

~—Stachyris erythroptera bicolor (Blyth)

T[imalia]. bicolor Blyth, 1865, Ibis, p. 46—no prove-
nience, but Labuan inferentially suggested as type lo-
cality by Collin and Hartert, 1927 (vide infra).

Cyanoderma labuanensis [sic] Collin and Hartert, 1927,
Novit. Zool., 34, p. 51. New name for T[imalia]. bicolor

316 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Blyth, erroneously considered preoccupied by “Tim-
[alie]. bicolor’? Lafresnaye, 18385 (French vernacular).
Northern and eastern Borneo; Banggai.

Stachyris erythroptera rufa (Chasen and Kloss)
Cyanoderma erythroptera [sic] rufa [sic] Chasen and
Kloss, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 47 — Sampit
[lat. 2° 32’ S., long. 112° 59’ E.], Borneo.
Southwestern Borneo.

STACHYRIS MELANOTHORAX a

—Stachyris melanothorax melanothorax (Temminck)
Myjiothera melanothorax Temminck, 1823, Pl. col., livr.
31, pl. 185, fig. 2— Java; inferentially restricted to
Mount Gedeh [lat. 6° 47’ S., long. 106° 59’ E.], by
Stresemann, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p. 148.
Mount Gedeh and Mount Pangerango, western Java.

Stachyris melanothorax albigula (Stresemann)
Cyanoderma melanothorax albigula Stresemann, 19380,
Orn. Monatsb., 38, p. 148 — Mount Papandayan [lat.
7°-20°5., lone. 1077-447 Bl ,. Java:
Known only from type locality.

mn"

‘Stachyris melanothorax mendeni (Neumann) ¢

Cyanoderma melanothorax mendeni Neumann, 1935, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 55, p. 186 — Indramayu [lat. 6° 20’ S.,
long. 108° 19’ E.], Java.

Known only from type locality.

Stachyris melanothorax intermedia (Robinson)

Stachyridopsis melanothorax intermedia Robinson, 1918,
Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., 7, p. 236 — So-
dong Gerok, near Banyuwangi [lat. 8°12’ S., long.
14° 237 Hl daa.

Ijen Mountains, eastern Java.

Stachyris melanothorax baliensis (Hartert)

Cyanoderma melanothorax baliensis Hartert, 1915, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 2 — Bali.
Lowlands of Bali.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 317

GENUS DUMETIA BLYTH

Dumetia Blyth, 1849, Cat. Birds Mus. Asiat. Soc., p. 140.
Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855,
Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 45), Timalia hyperythra
Franklin.

DUMETIA HYPERYTHRA

~ Dumetia hyperythra hyperythra (Franklin)

Timalia hyperythra Franklin, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool.
Soc. London, pt. 1 (1830-31), p. 118 — Ganges between
Calcutta and Benares.

Southwestern Nepal; northern and central India from

Uttar Pradesh southward, through Vindhya Pradesh and
western Madhya Pradesh, to southern Hyderabad.

—_Dumetia hyperythra albogularis (Blyth)
M[alacocercus]. (?) albogularis Blyth, 1847, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 453 — southern India.
Dumetia albigularis abuensis Harington, 1915, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 23, p. 429 — Mount Abu, Ara-
valli Range, Rajasthan, India.

India from southern Rajasthan (Aravalli Range) south-
ward along Western Ghats to Kerala (where approaches
phillipsi) , and thence northeastward through Eastern Ghats
to the lower Kistna (where approaches hyperythra).

_—Dumetia hyperythra phillipsi Whistler

Dumetia hyperythra phillipsi Whistler, 1941, Ibis, p. 319
— Kumbalgamna, Ceylon.
Ceylon.

GENUS RHOPOCICHLA OATES

Rhopocichla Oates, 1889, Fauna British India, 1, pp. 131
(in key), 159. Type, by original designation, Brachyp-
teryx atriceps Jerdon.

RHOPOCICHLA ATRICEPS

Rhopocichla atriceps atriceps (Jerdon)

B[rachypteryx]. atriceps Jerdon, 1839, Madras Journ.
Lit. Sci., 10, p. 250 — Trichur, Wadakkancheri, Coo-

318 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

noor, and the Wynaad, southwestern India; restricted
to the Wynaad, by Whistler, 1935, in Ali and Whistler,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, p. 82.
Western Ghats of India from the Belgaum District of
Bombay southward to Nilgiri Hills.

Rhopocichla atriceps bourdilloni (Hume)
Alcippe Bourdilloni Hume, 1876, Stray Feathers, 4, p.
485 — Mynall, Kerala, southwestern India.
Hill tracts of Kerala.

}
Rhopocichla atriceps siccata Whistler y
Rhopocichla atriceps siccatus [sic] Whistler, 1941, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 62, p. 38 — Kalawewa, North Central
Province, Ceylon.
Low-country dry zone of northern and eastern Ceylon
and the central hills.

_Rhopocichla atriceps nigrifrons (Blyth)

Alcippe nigrifrons Blyth, 1849, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
18, p. 815 — Ceylon; restricted to Uragaha, Southern
Province, by Whistler, 1941, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 62,
p. 88.

Low-country wet zone of southwestern Ceylon.

GENUS MACRONOUS JARDINE AND SELBY

Macronous' Jardine and Selby, 1835, Ilustr. Orn., text to
pl. 150. Type, by monotypy, Macronous ptilosus Jardine
and Selby.

Mixornis Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11, p.
794, footnote. Type, by original designation, Timalia
chloris Blyth = Macronous gularis rubicapillus (Tick-
ell).

Minodoria Hachisuka, 1934, Tori, 8, p. 220. Type, by
original designation, Macronus striaticeps Sharpe.

cf. Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 159, pp. 68-73
(races of gularis, sub nom. Mizxornis).

Delacour, 1936, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., nouv. sér., 6,

1 Spelling used by first revisor (Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-

gal, 11, p. 795). However, the plate is lettered Macronus and the edi-
tors would prefer to maintain this more frequently used spelling.—Eds.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 319

pp. 1-27 (races of gularis and flavicollis, sub nom.
Mixornis).

Rand and Rabor, 1960, Fieldiana: Zool. [Chicago], 35,
pp. 429-430 (races of striaticens).

MACRONOUS FLAVICOLLIS

—Macronous flavicollis flavicollis (Bonaparte)
[Mixornis] flavicollis “Mill. Mus. Lugd.’ Bonaparte,
1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 217 — Java.
Java.

Macronous flavicollis prillwitzi (Hartert)
Mixornis prillwitzi Hartert, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
12, p. 832 — Pulau Kangean.
Kangean.

MACRONOUS GULARIS

—— Macronous gularis rubicapillus (Tickell)

M [otacilla]. Rubicapilla Tickell, 1833, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 2, p. 576 — “‘jungles of Borabhim and Dholb-
him” [= Manbhum and Singhbhum Districts, Bihar].

Macronus gularis mayri Koelz, 1951, Journ. Zool. Soe.
India, 3, p. 27 — Sukna, Darjeeling, West Bengal.

Macronus gularis assamicus Koelz, 1951, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India, 3, p. 27 — Tura, Garo Hills, Assam.

Lowlands of India from eastern Nepal and eastern Mad-

hya Pradesh, eastward through Bengal and Assam, to bor-
der of Burma.

—- Macronous gularis ticehursti (Stresemann)

Mixornis gularis ticehursti Stresemann, 1940, in Strese-
mann and Heinrich, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24, pp. 153
(in list), 200 — Dudaw Taung [lat. 21° 05’ N., long.
94°19" F.); Burma.
Western Burma from Upper Chindwin District southward
into Arakan.

_~Macronous gularis sulphureus (Rippon)
Stachyridopsis sulphurea Rippon, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 11, p. 11 — Nammehet [lat. 20° 26’ N., long. 97°
28’ E.], Southern Shan State.
Mixornis gularis minor Gyldenstolpe, 1916, Kongl. Svensk

320 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Vet.-Akad. Handl., 56, p. 60—Sathani Pha Kho
[lat. 18° 15’ N., long. 99° 55’ E.], Thailand.

Eastern Burma from Kachin State, southward through
Shan States (excepting Kengtung) and Karenni, to south-
central Tenasserim; northern plateau of Thailand (except
areas occupied by lutescens) and western provinces south-
ward to Kanchanaburi.

Macronous gularis lutescens (Delacour)

Mixornis rubricapilla lutescens Delacour, 1926, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 18 — Bao Ha [lat. 22° 10'N.,
long. 104° 21’ E.], Tongking.

Southeastern Yunnan; Tongking; northern Annam; the
whole of Laos; Southern Shan State (Kengtung) ; northern
Thailand (provinces of the Mekong drainage); eastern
Thailand (provinces bordering the Mekong from Loei to
Ubon).

Macronous gularis kinneari (Delacour and Jabouille)
Mixornis kinneari Delacour and Jabouille, 1924, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 45, p. 33 — Hai Lang [lat. 16° 42’ N., long.
107° 16’ E.], Annam.
Central Annam.

Macronous gularis versuricola (Oberholser)

Mixornis gularis versuricola Oberholser, 1922, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 5 — Da Ban [lat. 12° 38’ N., long.
109° 06’ E.], Annam.

Southern Annam, northern Cochin China, and eastern

Cambodia.

Macronous gularis saraburiensis Deignan
Macronus gularis saraburiensis Deignan, 1956, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 69, p. 209 — Sathani Hin Lap [lat.
14° 40’ N., long. 101° 10’ E.], Thailand.
Western Cambodia and southwestern portion of eastern
plateau of Thailand.

Macronous gularis connectens (Kloss)

Mixornis rubricapilla connecteus [sic] Kloss, 1918, Ibis,
p. 207 — “‘about Lat. 10° N. [Malay Peninsula].”
Mixornis gularis deignani de Schauensee, 1946, Proc.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE BY All

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 98, p. 67 — Khao Luang
[lat. 10° 40’ N., long. 99° 35’ E.], Thailand.

Coastal region along Gulf of Siam from Cambodia to

Isthmus of Kra; southern Tenasserim (Mergui District).

Macronous gularis inveteratus (Oberholser)

Mizxornis gularis inveterata Oberholser, 1922, Smiths.
Mise. Coll. 74 (2) p. 5— Ko Kut flat: 11° 407 _N., long.
102° 35° B.i),, Thavland.

Islets off coasts of southeastern Thailand and Cambodia.

Macronous gularis condorensis (Robinson)

Mixornis rubricapilla condorensis Robinson, 1920, Journ.
Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 4, p. 88 — Pulau Kondor, off the
mouths of the Mekong.

Pulau Kondor.

Macronous gularis archipelagicus (Oberholser)

Mixornis gularis archipelagica Oberholser, 1922, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 4— Domel Island, Mergui Ar-
chipelago, off southern Tenasserim.

Mergui Archipelago.

Macronous gularis chersonesophilus (Oberholser)

Mixornis gularis chersonesophila Oberholser, 1922.
Smiths. Mise. Coll., 74 (2), p. 3—Trang Province,
Thailand.

Malay Peninsula from vicinity of Isthmus of Kra south-

ward to Perak and Trengganu.

— Macronous gularis gularis (Horsfield) ~.
Timalia gularis Horsfield, 1822, Zool. Res. in Java, no. 3,
pl. and text — Sumatra.
Mizxornis pileata zaptera Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 60 (7), p. 9— Pulau Tanah Masa, Batu Islands.
Mixornis pileata zarhabdota Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Mise. Coll., 60 (7), p. 9— Pulau Tuangku, Banyak
Islands.
Malaya (except areas occupied by chersonesophilus) ;
Riouw and Lingga Archipelagos; Sumatra; Banyak and
Batu Islands.

322 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Macronous gularis zopherus (Oberholser)

Mizxornis pileata zophera Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 98, pp. 5 (in list), 49 — Pulau Telaga, Anam-
ba Islands.

Anamba Islands.

Macronous gularis zaperissus (Oberholser)

Mixornis rubicapilla zaperissa Oberholser, 1932, Bull.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 159, pp. 6 (in list), 68 — Pulau Lin-
gung [= Pulau Lagong, North Natuna Islands].

Pulau Laut, Pulau Batang, and Pulau Lagong, North

Natuna Islands.

Macronous gularis everetti (Hartert)
Mixornis everetti Hartert, 1894, Novit. Zool., 1, p. 472 —
Pulau Bunguran, North Natuna Islands.
Pulau Bunguran, North Natuna Islands.

Macronous gularis ruficoma (Oberholser)
Mixornis bornensis ruficoma Oberholser, 1922, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 6 — Tanjong Tedong, Bangka.
Bangka and Billiton.

4 ° ° é +
—Macronous gularis javanicus (Cabanis)

Myiothera gularis “Horsf.” Temminck, 1827, Pl. col.,
livr. 74, pl. 442, fig. 1, and text — Java and Sumatra;
the figure and description apply to the form of Java.
Not Timalia gularis Horsfield, 1822 = Macronous gularis
gularis (Horsfield).

Mixornis javanica Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1 (1850),
p. 77, footnote. New name for Myiothera gularis “Hors-
field’? Temminck, misapplied.

Western and central Java.

? Macronous gularis pontius (Oberholser)

Mizxornis bornensis pontia Oberholser, 1922, Smiths. Misc.
Coll, 74 (2), p. 6—Pulau Laut, off southeastern
Borneo.

Known only from type specimen; doubtfully distinct from

bornensis.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 323

__—Macronous gularis bornensis (Bonaparte)

M[ixornis]. bornensis Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p.
217 — Borneo; type from Banjermasin, fide Pucheran,
1853, Voyage au Pole Sud, Zool., 3, p. 91.

T[imalia]. similis “Temm.” Blyth, 1865, Ibis, p. 47 —
Sumatra, error; the description applies to the form of
Borneo.

Borneo, except area occupied by montanus.

— Macronous gularis montanus (Sharpe)
Mixornis montana Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 448 — Kina Balu,
North Borneo.
Northeastern Borneo.

——. Macronous gularis cagayanensis (Guillemard)

Mixornis cagayanensis Guillemard, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 419, pl. 25 — Cagayan Sulu, Sulu Sea.
Cagayan Sulu.

Macronous gularis argenteus (Chasen and Kloss)

Mixornis gularis argentea Chasen and Kloss, 1930, Bull.
Raffles Mus., no. 4, p. 82 — Pulau Malawali, off north-
ern Borneo.

Islets off northern Borneo (Pulau Malawali and Pulau

Bangegai).

—Macronous gularis woodi (Sharpe)

Mixornis Woodi Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
ser. 2, 1, p. 331 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan.
Pulau Balabac and Palawan.

MACRONOUS KELLEYI!
Macronous kelleyi (Delacour)

Mixornis kelleyi Delacour, 19382, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn.,

nouv. sér., 2, p. 425 — Pakse [lat. 15° 08’ N., long. 105°
48’ E.], Laos.

1 This puzzling bird, considered by Delacour (antea, pp. 21-23) a
geographical representative of M. flavicollis, would be treated by me
as merely a color variant of M. gularis that appears more or less fre-
quently in populations of lutescens, kinneari, and versuricola, were it
not for the fact that the type series of 15 fresh-plumaged specimens
were found sympatric with M. g. lutescens. In the circumstances, M.
kelleyi must be given specific rank.

324 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Eastern Thailand (?); southern Laos (Pakse) ; central
Annam (Khesanh and Bana) ; southern Annam (Dakto and
Kontoum).

MACRONOUS STRIATICEPS

Macronous striaticeps cumingi (Hachisuka)

Minodoria striaticeps cumingi Hachisuka, 1934, Tori, 8,
p. 221 — “Manila,” Philippine Islands, error; corrected
to Samar, by Rand and Rabor, 1960, Fieldiana: Zool.
[Chicago], 35, p. 429.

Samar, Leyte, and Dinagat (?), Philippine Islands.

Macronous striaticeps boholensis Hachisuka
Macronus striaticeps boholensis Hachisuka, 1930, Suppl.
Publ. Orn. Soc. Japan, no. 14, p. 193 — Tagbilaran,
Bohol, Philippine Islands.
Bohol, Philippine Islands.

Macronous striaticeps mearnsi Deignan

Macronous mindanensis montanus Mearns, 1905, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 18, p. 4— Todaya, Mount Apo,
Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Not Mixornis montana
Sharpe, 1887 = Macronous gularis montanus (Sharpe).

Macronus striaticeps mearnsi Deignan, 1951, Bull. Raffles
Mus., no. 23 (1950), p. 128. New name for Macronous
mindanensis montanus Mearns, preoccupied.

Mindanao (highlands), Philippine Islands.

Macronous striaticeps mindanensis Steere
Macronus Mindanensis Steere, 1890, List Birds Mammals
Steere Exped., p. 17 — Mindanao, Philippine Islands;
type from Ayala, fide Hachisuka, 19385, Birds Philip-
pine Is., pt. 4, p. 407.
Mindanao (lowlands), Philippine Islands.

Macronous striaticeps striaticeps Sharpe
Macronus striaticeps Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don, ser. 2, 1, p. 331 — Malamaui Islet, off Basilan,
Philippine Islands.
Basilan and Malamaui, Philippine Islands.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 325

Macronous striaticeps kettlewelli Guillemard
Macronus kettlewelli Guillemard, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 262, pl. 18, fig. 2— Lukatlapas, Jolé, Sulu
Archipelago, Philippine Islands.
Sulu Archipelago (Jol6, Tawi Tawi, Bongao Islet), Phil-
ippine Islands.

MACRONOUS PTILOSUS

__— Macronous ptilosus ptilosus Jardine and Selby

Macronous ptilosus Jardine and Selby, 1835, Illustr. Orn.,
pl. 150 —‘“‘... a collection... said to be brought from
the islands of Java and Sumatra”; type locality infer-
entially restricted to “the Malay Peninsula and Suma-
tra,” by Hartert, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 36, p. 36,
and inferentially further restricted to Malacca, by
Chasen, 1935, Handlist Malaysian Birds, p. 227.

Malay Peninsula from Siamese province of Surat Thani

southward to Johore.

| Q— Macronous ptilosus trichorrhos (Temminck)
Timalia trichorrhos Temminck, 18386, Pl. col., livr. 100,

yal pl. 594, fig. 1 — Sumatra and Borneo; restricted to “‘the
lowlands of Sumatra,” by Hartert, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 36, p. 36.

Macronus tilosus batuensis Riley, 1937, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 50, p. 61— Pulau Tanah Bala, Batu Is-
lands.

Sumatra and the Batu Islands (Pulau Tanah Bala).

Macronous ptilosus sordidus Chasen

Macronus ptilosus minor Riley, 1937 (Apr. 21), Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 50, p. 62—Klabat Bay, Bangka.
Not Mixornis gularis minor Gyldenstolpe, 1916 = Ma-
cronous gularis sulphureus (Rippon).

Macronus ptilosus sordidus Chasen, 1937 (Dec.), Treubia,
16, pp. 207 (in list) , 228 — Billiton.

Bangka and Billiton.

_-Macronous ptilosus reclusus Hartert

Macronus ptilosus reclusus Hartert, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 36, p. 36 — Kina Balu, North Borneo.
Borneo.

326 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENUS MICROMACRONUS AMADON

Micromacronus Amadon, 1962, Condor, 64, p. 3. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Micromacronus ley-
tensis Amadon.

MICROMACRONUS LEYTENSIS

Micromacronus leytensis Amadon
Micromacronus leytensis Amadon, 1962, Condor, 64, p. 3
— Dagami, 1,500 ft., Barrio of Patok, eastern shoulder
of Mount Lobu, Leyte.
Known only from type locality.

GENUS TIMALIA HOoRSFIELD

Timalia Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13,
p. 150. Type, by monotypy, Timalia pileata Horsfield.

cf. Deignan, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 75, pp. 128-130.

TIMALIA PILEATA

——Timalia pileata bengalensis Godwin-Austen

T[imalia]. Bengalensis Godwin-Austen, 1872 (June 25),
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 41, p. 143 — India; type
from Khasi Hills, Assam, fide Kinnear, 1924, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 45, p. 9.

Timalia Jerdoni Walden, 1872 (July), Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, 10, p. 61 — Khasi Hills, Assam.

Timalia pileata arundicola Koelz, 1953, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India, 4, p. [153] — Karong, Manipur.

Submontane tracts and plains along Himalayas from Ne-
pal eastward through Assam to northwestern Burma (Up-
per Chindwin District), and southeastward through East
Bengal to northern Arakan.

Timalia pileata smithi Deignan
Timalia pileata smithi Deignan, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 75, p. 129— Chiang Saen Kao [= King Chiang
Saen (lat. 20° 15’ N., long. 100° 05’ E.)], Thailand.
Kachin and Shan States, Burma; southern Yunnan, south-
ern Kweichow, and Kwangsi; Tongking; northern Annam;
northern Laos; northern Thailand.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE BAF |

_~ Timalia pileata intermedia Kinnear |
Timalia pileata intermedia Kinnear, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 45, p. 9— Pegu Division, Lower Burma. New
name for Timalia pileata jerdoni “Walden” = Baker,
1922. Fauna Brit. India, Birds; ed: 2, 1, p: 22%, not
Timalia Jerdoni Walden, 1872.
Central and southern Burma southward to central Tenas-
serim (Amherst District) and southwestern Thailand (Kan-
chanaburi Province).

Timalia pileata patriciae Deignan
Timalia pileata patriciae Deignan, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 75, p. 129 — Ban Khlong Khlung [lat. 16° 10’ N.,
long. 99° 45’ E.], Thailand.
Western portion of central plains of Thailand from Kam-
phaeng Phet Province southward to Prachuap Khiri Khan.

—Timalia pileata dictator Kinnear
Timalia pileata dictator Kinnear, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 50, p. 55 — Dran [lat. 11° 49’ N., long. 108° 38’ E.],
Annam.
Eastern and southeastern Thailand; southern Laos; Cam-
bodia; southern Annam; Cochin China.

-Timalia pileata pileata Horsfield
Timalia pileata Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
13, p. 151 — Java.
Java.

GENUS CHRYSOMMA BLYTH

Chrysomma Blyth, 18438, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12,
p. 181. Type, by original designation, Timalia hypoleuca
Franklin.

Pyctoris “Hodgson” Blyth, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
13, p. 116. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Timalia hypoleuca Franklin.

Pyctornis Moore, 1857, Proc. Zoc:. Soc. London, p. 94.
Nomen emendatum.

Erythrops ‘“Hodgs. MSS.” = Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus., 7, p. 510. In synonymy with Pyctoris Hodgson,
i.e., Blyth. Not Hrythrops Rafinesque, 1820, Pisces, nor
Erythrops Sars, 1869, Crustacea.

328 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

CHRYSOMMA SINENSE

Chrysomma sinense nasale (Legge)
Pyctorhis nasalis Legge, 1879, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5,
3, p. 169 — Ceylon.
Ceylon.

—Chrysomma sinense hypoleucum (Franklin)

Timalia hypoleuca Franklin, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 1, p. 118 — Ganges between Calcutta and
Benares; restricted to the United Provinces [= Uttar
Pradesh], by Ticehurst, 1922, Ibis, p. 548.

Chrysomma sinensis [sic] nagaensis [sic] Koelz, 1954,
Contrib. Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 4— Karong,
Manipur.

Chrysomma sinensis [sic] saurashtrensis [sic] Koelz,
1954, Contrib. Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 4—
Sasan, Saurashtra.

Eastern West Pakistan and greater part of India south
of Himalayas, southward to Nilgiri Hills and southeastward,
through East Pakistan and Assam (south of the Brahma-
putra), to western Burma.

Chrysomma sinense saturatius (Ticehurst)
Pyctorhis sinensis saturatior Ticehurst, 1922, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 42, p. 57 — Bhutan Duars.
Himalayas from the Duars of Sikkim eastward into Assam
(north of the Brahmaputra).

_—Chrysomma sinense sinense (Gmelin)

[Parus] sinensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 1012
— China; restricted to Kwangtung, by Stresemann and
Heinrich, 1940, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24, p. 205.

Pyctorhis sinensis major La Touche, 1925, Birds Eastern
China, 1, p. 72 — Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and Yunnan;
lectotype from Mengtsz, Yunnan, fide Bangs, 1930, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 305.

The greater part of Burma (except area occupied by hypo-
leucum) , southward to central Tenasserim; Thailand (north-
ern plateau and western portion of central plains); Laos,
Annam, and Tongking; Yunnan, Kwangsi, and Kwangtung.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 329

GENUS MOUPINIA DAVID AND OUSTALET

Moupinia David and Oustalet, 1877, Oiseaux de la Chine,
p. 219. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Alcippe poecilotis J. Verreaux.

MOUPINIA ALTIROSTRIS

Moupinia altirostris scindica (Harington)

Pyctorhis altirostris scindicus [sic] Harington, 1916,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 23, p. 424 — Sukkur,
West Pakistan; type from Mangrani, between Sukkur
and Shikarpur, fide Ticehurst, 1922, Ibis, p. 548.

Known only from unique type.

_—Moupinia altirostris griseigularis (Hume)
Pyctorhis griseigularis Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5,
p. 116 — Bhutan Duars.

Grasslands at base of Himalayas from Bhutan Duars east-
ward to eastern Assam; grassy plains of Assam south of the
Brahmaputra (Cachar and Sylhet Districts) ; northeastern
Burma (Kachin State).

Moupinia altirostris altirostris (Jerdon)

Chrysomma altirostre Jerdon, 1862, Ibis, p. 22 — “Islands
on the Burrampootra river, in Upper Burmah”; type
from an island in the Irrawaddy off Thayetmyo, fide
Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 518.

Grasslands that formerly covered the Irrawaddy-Sittang

plains of south-central Burma; not reported since 1941 and
now probably extinct.

MOUPINIA POECILOTIS

_— Moupinia poecilotis (Verreaux)

Alcippe pecilotis J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 35; adem, 1871, zbid., 7, p. 37;
idem, 1872, ibid., 8, pl. 2, fig. 4— “les montagnes du
Thibet chinois”; types from Muping [= Paohing, Hsi-
kang, fide Verreaux, 1871].

Pyctorhis gracilis Styan, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8,
p. 26 — Lungan [= Pingwu], northwestern Szechwan.

Moupinia poecilotis sordidior Rothschild, 1921, Novit.
Zool., 28, p. 36 — Likiang Range, northwestern Yunnan.

330 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Northwestern Szechwan, southeastern Hsikang, and
northwestern Yunnan.

GENUS CHAMAEA GAMBEL

Chamzxa Gambel, 1847, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
3, p. 154. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Parus fasciatus Gambel.

ef. Erickson, 1938, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 42, pp.
247-334 (biology).
Bowers, 1960, Condor, 62, pp. 91-120 (geographic vari-
ation).
CHAMAEA FASCIATA

Chamaea fasciata phaea Osgood

Chamexa fasciata phea Osgood, 1899, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 13, p. 42— Newport, Lincoln County,
Oregon.

Humid coastal belt of Oregon from the Columbia River

southward to California border.

— Chamaea fasciata rufula Ridgway

Chameza fasciata rufula Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 16, p. 109 — Nicasio, Marin County, Cali-
fornia.

Humid coastal belt of California from Oregon border

southward to Marin County.

_ Chamaea fasciata intermedia Grinnell

Chamea fasciata intermedia Grinnell, 1900, Condor, 2,
p. 86 — Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, California.
Interior and southern areas of the San Francisco Bay
region of California (eastern Sonoma and western Napa
counties and from San Francisco southward to southern
Santa Cruz County).

_—Chamaea fasciata fasciata (Gambel)

Parus fasciatus Gambel, 1845, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 2, p. 265 — California; restricted to Monterey,
Monterey County, by Grinnell, 1982, Univ. California
Publ: Zool:; 38, p. 291;

Coastal area of California from Monterey County south-

ward to central San Luis Obispo County.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 301

Chamaea fasciata henshawi Ridgway
Chamaea fasciata henshawi Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 5, p. 18 — interior districts of California,
including the western slope of the Sierra Nevada; infer-
entially restricted to Walker Basin, Kern County, by
Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, p. 691.
Southwestern Oregon (eastern Josephine and western
Jackson counties); interior of northern and central Cali-
fornia; coastal area of southern California from Santa Bar-
bara County southeastward to Mexican horder.

Chamaea fasciata canicauda Grinnell and Swarth
Chamea fasciata canicauda Grinnell and Swarth, 1926,
Univ. California Publ. Zool., 30, p. 169 — La Grulla,
Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California.
Northwestern Baja California from the international
boundary southward to lat. 30° N.

GENUS TURDOIDES CRETZSCHMAR

Turdoides Cretzschmar, 1827, in Riippell’s Atlas, V6g.,
hft. 4, p. 6, pl. 4. Type, by monotypy, Turdoides leuco-
cephalus Cretzschmar.

Cratopus Jardine, 1831 (Feb.), Edinburgh Journ. Nat.
Geogr. Sci., 3, p. 97. Type, by monotypy, Cratopus bi-
color Jardine. Not Cratopus Schénherr, 1826, Coleop-
tera.

Argya Lesson, 1831 (Feb.), Traité Orn. livr. 6, p. 402.
Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855,
Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 44), “Ixzos squammiceps,
Riipp.” = Malurus squamiceps Cretzschmar.

Crateropus Swainson, 1831 (Aug.), Zool. Ill., ser. 2, 2,
no. 17, pl. 80. Type, by monotypy, Crateropus rein-
wardtit Swainson.

Malacocircus Swainson, 18338, Zool. Ill., ser. 2, 3, no. 28,
pl. 127. Type, by monotypy, Malacocircus striatus
Swainson.

Malacocercus Strickland, 1841, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7,
p. 27. Nomen emendatum.

Ischyropodus Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 55.
No species; generic details only. Type, by subsequent

332 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen.
Birds, p. 44.), Cratopus jardinew A. Smith.

Acanthoptila Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24,
p. 478, footnote. Type, by original designation and
monotypy, Timalia nipalensis Hodgson.

Aethocichla Sharpe, 1876, in Layard, Birds South Africa,
new ed., pt. 3, p. 215. Type, by monotypy, Crateropus
gymnogenys Hartlaub.

cf. Vaurie, 1953, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1642, pp. 1-8
(caudatus and altirostris).

TURDOIDES NIPALENSIS
— Turdoides nipalensis (Hodgson) i
Timalia nipalensis Hodgson, 1836, Asiat. Res., 19, p. 182
— Nepal.
Western and central Nepal.

TURDOIDES ALTIROSTRIS
Turdoides altirostris (Hartert)

Crateropus caudatus altirostris Hartert, 1909, Vog. pal.
Fauna, 5, p. 623, fig. 122b — Fao, southeastern Iraq
at the mouth of the Shatt al Arab.

Reed beds of the lower Tigris-Euphrates Valley in south-

eastern Iraq and southwestern Iran.

TURDOIDES CAUDATUS
Turdoides caudatus salvadorii (De Filippi)

Crateropus Salvadorii De Filippi, 1865, Note di un Viag-
gio in Persia, 1, p. 346 — Shiraz, Fars, Iran; the type
is labelled “Armadi, Karman,” fide Blanford, 1876,
Eastern Persia, etc., 2, p. 204, footnote.

Argya caudatus [sic] therese Meinertzhagen, 1930, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 50, p. 55 — Baghdad, Iraq.

Southeastern Iraq and southwestern Iran (Luristan,

Fars).

Turdoides caudatus huttoni (Blyth)
Malacocercus Huttoni Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 16, p. 476 — Kandahar, southeastern Afghanistan.
Eastern Iran (Baluchistan, Seistan), southern Afghan-
istan, and southern West Pakistan.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 333

- Turdoides caudatus eclipes (Hume)
Chatorhea eclipes Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 337
— Peshawar, northern West Pakistan.
Northern West Pakistan from vicinity of Fort Sandeman
northeastward to Kashmir border.

Turdoides caudatus caudatus (Dumont)
Cossyphus caudatus Dumont, 1823, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd.
Levrault, 29, p. 268 — India.

Megalurus isabellinus Swainson, 1838, Animals in Menag-

eries, pt. 3, p. 291 — India.

Indian Peninsula from foothills of Himalayas southward
to Kerala, westward to East Punjab, Rajasthan, and south-
eastern West Pakistan, and eastward to West Bengal; Lac-
cadive Islands; Rameswaram Island.

TURDOIDES EARLEI
_— Turdoides earlei sonivius (Koelz)
Argya earlet sonivia Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Regional
Explor., no. 1, p. 3 — Khinjar Lake, Sind.
West Pakistan (the Rann of Kutch and valley of the
Indus from its mouths to West Punjab).

_— Turdoides earlei earlei (Blyth)
M[alacocercus]. Earlei Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 13, p. 369 — near Calcutta, West Bengal.
Grasslands of northern India below the Himalayas from
western Nepal eastward to eastern Assam, and southeast-
ward through Assam to Kachin State of Burma, plains of
central and southern Burma, and Arakan.

TURDOIDES GULARIS
—Turdoides gularis (Blyth) 2
Chatarrhzxa gularis Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 24, p. 478 — Pegu Division, Lower Burma.
Plains of central and southern Burma (chiefly in dry
zone).

1 Deignan (1946, Auk, 63, pp. 382-383) erroneously attributed this
name to the Indian subspecies of Megalurus palustris Horsfield, at the
same time restricting its type locality to Assam. Because Turdoides
caudatus does not occur in Assam, this action can have no possible
validity.

334 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

TURDOIDES LONGIROSTRIS
—Turdoides longirostris (Moore)

Pyctorhis longirostris “Hodgson” = Moore, 1854, in Hors-
field and Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. East India Co., 1,
p. 408 — Nepal.

Malacocercus (Layardia) rubiginosus Godwin-Austen,
1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 47 — Manipur. Not
Crateropus rubiginosus Riippell, 1845.

Argya longirostris arcana Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Re-
gional Explor., no. 1, p. 3 — Karong, Manipur.

Grasslands at foot of Himalayas from Nepal eastward to

eastern Assam; grassy plateaus of hill tracts of Assam south
of the Brahmaputra; northern Arakan.

TURDOIDES MALCOLMI

Turdoides malcolmi (Sykes)

Timalia Malcolmi Sykes, 1832, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 2, p. 88 —the Deccan [= Poona, Bombay,
fide Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc., 35, p. 740].

Interior of peninsular India from East Punjab eastward

to eastern Uttar Pradesh and southward to Mysore.

TURDOIDES SQUAMICEPS
——— Turdoides squamiceps squamiceps (Cretzschmar)
Malurus squamiceps Cretzschmar, 1827, in Riippell, Atlas,
Vog., p. 19, pl. 12 — Aqaba, Transjordania.
Arabian Peninsula from the Dead Sea depression south-
ward, along the Red Sea coast, to southwestern Saudi
Arabia.

Turdoides squamiceps yemensis (Neumann)

Argya squamiceps yemensis Neumann, 1904, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 12, p. 29 — between Sheikh Othman and Lahej,
Aden Protectorate.

Yemen and the Aden Protectorate.

Turdoides squamiceps muscatensis de Schauensee and Ripley
Turdoides squamiceps muscatensis de Schauensee and
Ripley, 1958, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 105,
p. 85 — As Sib, near Muscat, Oman.
Arabian coast of the Gulf of Oman.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 335

TURDOIDES FULVUS
Turdoides fulvus maroccanus Lynes
Turdoides (Crateropus) fulvus maroccanus Lynes, 1925,
Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, 13, p. 49 — Taroudant,
southwestern Morocco.
Southwestern Morocco (valley of the Oued Sous).

? Turdoides fulvus billypayni (Meinertzhagen)

Argya fulva billypayni Meinertzhagen, 1939, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 59, p. 69—Ksar es Souk, southeastern
Morocco.

Known only from type locality; doubtfully separable from

fulvus.

— Turdoides fulvus fulvus (Desfontaines)
Turdus fulvus Desfontaines, 1789, Hist. Acad. Roy. Sci.,
(1787), p. 498, pl. 11 — Gafsa, Tunisia.
Northern Algeria, Tunisia, and northwestern Libya (ex-
cept coastal areas).

Turdoides fulvus buchanani (Hartert)

Crateropus fulvus buchanani Hartert, 1921, Novit. Zool.,
28, p. 115— Mount Baguezan, Air Mountains, Niger
Territory.

Air Massif of the central Sahara.

— Turdoides fulvus acaciae (Lichtenstein) ia

S[phenura]. Acaciae Lichtenstein, 1828, Verz. Doubl.,
p. 40 — Nubia.
Valley of the Nile from southern Egypt (First Cataract)
southward to the central Sudan, and eastward to Red Sea
coasts of the Sudan and Ethiopia.

TURDOIDES AYLMERI
Turdoides aylmeri aylmeri (Shelley)
Argya aylmeri Shelley, 1885, Ibis, p. 404, pl. 11, fig. 1 —
British Somaliland.
British and Italian Somalilands and southeastern Ethiopia.

Turdoides aylmeri boranensis (Benson)
Argya aylmeri boranensis Benson, 1947, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 68, p. 10—ten miles south of Yavello [lat.
4° 57’ N., long. 38° 12’ K.], Ethiopia.

336 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

South-central Ethiopia from the Arusi region southward
to the Boran (Borama).

Turdoides aylmeri kenianus (Jackson)

Argya keniana Jackson, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 27,
p. 7—Emberre, east of Embu [lat. 0° 31’S., long.
37° 26’ E.], Kenya.

Central Kenya.

Turdoides aylmeri loveridgei (Hartert)

Argya aylmeri loveridgei Hartert, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 43, p. 118 — Kampi-ya-Bibi, near Samburu Sta-
tion, Mombasa District, Kenya.

Southeastern Kenya (Tsavo) and northeastern Tangan-

yika (Moshi).

Turdoides aylmeri mentalis (Reichenow)
Argya mentalis Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 75
— Soboro, Tanganyika.
North-central Tanganyika.

TURDOIDES RUBIGINOSUS

Turdoides rubiginosus bowdleri Deignan, nom. nov.

Argya sharpii Ogilvie-Grant and Reid, 1901, Ibis, p. 662
—Shibeli River [ca. lat. 7° 12’N., long. 42°11’ E.],
southeastern Ethiopia. Not Crateropus sharpei Reich-
enow, 1891.

Southeastern Ethiopia, from Diredawa southward to bor-

der of Italian Somaliland.

Turdoides rubiginosus rubiginosus (Riippell)

Crateropus rubiginosus Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers. Vog.
Nord-ost.-Afr., p. 47, pl. 19 — Shoa, Ethiopia.

[Argya, Malacocercus] Rufula Heuglin, 1871, Orn. Nord-
ost.-Afr., Nachtr., Index, p. 318. New name for Argya
rufescens (Heuglin), 1869, ibid., 1, p. 389 = Crateropus
rufescens Heuglin, 1856.

Central and southwestern Ethiopia, southern Sudan

(Equatoria), eastern Uganda, and western Kenya.

-Turdoides rubiginosus heuglini (Sharpe)

Argya heuglini Sharpe, 18838, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7,
p. 391 — “Zanzibar,” error, and Mombasa, Kenya.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 337

Argya saturata Sharpe, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 488 — “Zanzibar,” error.
Coastal region of eastern Africa from Italian Somaliland
(Juba region) southward, through eastern Kenya, to north-
eastern Tanganyika.

-Turdoides rubiginosus schnitzeri Deignan, nom. nov.

Argya rubiginosa emini Reichenow, 1907, Orn. Monatsb.,
15, p. 830 — Scamuye, Unyamwezi region, northwestern
Tanganyika. Not Crateropus plebeius emini Neumann,
1904.

Northwestern Tanganyika.

TURDOIDES SUBRUFUS

~ Turdoides subrufus subrufus (Jerdon) |
T [himalia]. subrufa Jerdon, 1839, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci.,
10, p. 259 — The Wynaad, near Manantoddy, Madras.
Western Ghats of India from vicinity of Mahabaleshwar
southward to northern Kerala (Malabar), and thence east-
ward through Madras to the Nilgiri and Shevaroy Hills.

Turdoides subrufus hyperythrus (Sharpe)
Argya hyperythra Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7,
p. 390 — Madras; type locality restricted to Palghat,
by Ripley, 1953, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 17, p. 4.
Southwestern Madras and Kerala (except area occupied
by subrufus).

TURDOIDES STRIATUS

— Turdoides striatus rufescens (Blyth)

M [alacocercus]. rufescens Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 16, p. 453 — Ceylon.
Humid forests of Ceylon.

Turdoides striatus malabaricus (Jerdon)

Malacocircus malabaricus Jerdon, 1845, Illus. Indian Or-
nith., pt. 2, text to pl. 19— Forests of Malabar [=
Travancore-Cochin (Kerala), fide Whistler, 1935, in Ali
and Whistler, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, p. 72].

Southwestern India from Kerala northward to Goa.

338 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

-Turdoides striatus somervillei (Sykes)

Timalia Somervillei Sykes, 1832, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 2, p. 88 — ghats of the Deccan.
M [alacocircus]. Sykesii Jerdon, 1868, Birds India, 2, pt. 1,
p. 63 — Bombay.
Western coast of India (Bombay State) from Goa north-
ward to Surat Dangs.

Turdoides striatus sindianus (Ticehurst)

Crateropus terricolor sindianus Ticehurst, 1920, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 156 — Karachi, West Pakistan.
West Pakistan (valley of the Indus from its mouths to
vicinity of Peshawar) and northwestern India (East Pun-
jab, western Uttar Pradesh, and less arid regions of
Rajasthan).

—~ Turdoides striatus striatus (Dumont)

Cossyphus striatus Dumont, 1823 (Dec. 27), Dict. Sci.
Nat., éd. Levrault, 29, p. 268 — Bengal.

Malacocircus striata [sic] Swainson, 1833, Zool. Ill., ser.
2, 3, pl. 127 — “Ceylon,” error; type from Bengal.

M{alacocercus]. terricolor “Hodgson” =Blyth, 1844,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 367— Nepal, ex
Hodgson.

M [alacocercus]. bengalensis Blyth, 1849, Cat. Birds Mus.
Asiat. Soc., p. 140 — Bengal, ex Edwards. Name based
on “Edwards, pl. 184, badly coloured.”

Foot of the Himalayas from western Uttar Pradesh east-
ward to eastern Assam (valley of the Brahmaputra), south-
ward to northern Madhya Pradesh, southeastern Bihar, and
the mouths of the Ganges, and thence southward along coast
to the mouths of the Godavari.

Turdoides striatus orientalis (Jerdon)

M[alacocircus]. orientalis Jerdon, 1845, Illus. Indian
Ornith., pt. 2, text to pl. 19 — Eastern Ghats of India;
restricted to Horsleykonda, west of Nellore, Andhra,
by Ripley, 1958, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 35, p. 9.

All of central and southern India, except areas occupied

by striatus, somervillei, and malabaricus.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 339

TURDOIDES AFFINIS
. Turdoides affinis affinis (Jerdon) — + |

[Turdus] griseus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 824
— Coromandel Coast of India. Not Turdus griseus Bod-
daert, 1783.

M [alacocircus]. affinis Jerdon, 1845, Illus. Indian Ornith.,
pt. 2, text to pl. 19 — Travancore [= Kerala].

[Malacocircus] Elliotti Jerdon, 1845, Illus. Indian Ornith.,
pt. 2, text to pl. 19 — Kanara; here restricted to Man-
galore, South Kanara District, Madras.

Turdoides polioplocamus Oberholser, 1920, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 33, p. 84. New name for Turdus griseus
Gmelin, preoccupied.

The more arid lowlands of southern India from South
Kanara on the west, southern Hyderabad, and the lower
Godavari Valley on the east southward to Cape Comorin;
Rameswaram Island (where intergrades with taprobanus).

— Turdoides affinis taprobanus Ripley
Turdoides affinis taprobanus Ripley, 1958, Postilla, Yale
Univ., no. 36, p. 10 — Alawna, Ceylon.
Ceylon.
TURDOIDES MELANOPS
Turdoides melanops vepres Meinertzhagen

Turdoides melanops vepres Meinertzhagen, 1936, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 57, p. 69 — Nanyuki [lat. 0° 02’N.,
long. 37° 06’ E.], Kenya.

Known only from type locality.

_Turdoides melanops clamosus (van Someren)

Crateropus melanops clamosus van Someren, 1920, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 95 — Naivasha [lat. 0° 44’S.,
long. 36° 26’ E.], Kenya.

Kenya (Great Rift Valley).

—— Turdoides melanops sharpei (Reichenow)
Crateropus sharpei Reichenow, 1891, Journ. f. Orn., 39,

p. 482—Kakoma [lat. 5°50’S., long. 32° 29’ E.],
Tanganyika.

1 Replaces Crateropus striatus (Swainson) of Sharpe’s Hand-list,
not applicable, and Turdoides striatus striatus (Dumont) of Fauna
Brit. India, ed. 2, 7, p. 86, neither applicable nor available.

340 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Crateropus grisescens Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb.,
16, p. 47 — Nyawatura [lat. 1° 02’S., long. 30° 52’ E.],
Tanganyika.

Western Kenya, southern Uganda, Ruanda-Urundi, and

northwestern Tanganyika.

Turdoides melanops melanops (Hartlaub)
Crateropus melanops Hartlaub, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 3 (1866), p. 485, pl. 837 — Damaraland.
Southwestern Angola, northern South West Africa
(northern Damaraland), and the Bechuanaland Protec-
torate (northwestern Ngamiland).

TURDOIDES TENEBROSUS

Turdoides tenebrosus (Hartlaub)

Crateropus tenebrosus Hartlaub, 1883, Journ. f. Orn., 31,
p. 425—Kudurma [lat. 4° 45’N., long. 29° 35’ E.],
Sudan.

Crateropus tenebrosus claudei Bannerman, 1919, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 39, p. 99 — Poko [lat. 3° 09’ N., long.
26° 53’ E.], Belgian Congo.

Northeastern Congo, southern Sudan, and southwestern

Ethiopia.

TURDOIDES REINWARDTII

Turdoides reinwardtii reinwardtii (Swainson)

Crateropus Reinwardii [sic] Swainson, 1831, Zool. IIl., ser.
2, 2, no. 17, pl. 80 — “Indian Islands,” error; type lo-
cality corrected to Senegal, by Swainson, 18387, Birds
W. Africa, 1, p. 276.

Western Africa from Senegal southward through Portu-

guese and French Guinea to Sierra Leone.

Turdoides reinwardtii stictilaemus (Alexander)

Crateropus stictilema [sic] Alexander, 1901, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 12, p. 10 — Ghana.

Crateropus reinwardti houyi Neumann, 1915, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 23, p. 74 — Goré [lat. 7° 55’ N., long. 16° 42’ E.],
Ubangi-Shari.

Western Africa from Ghana eastward, through Nigeria

and the Cameroons, to western Ubangi-Shari.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 341

TURDOIDES PLEBEJUS
Turdoides plebejus platycircus (Swainson)

Crateropus platycircus Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Africa,
1, p. 274 — western Africa; type commonly assumed to
have come from Gambia.

Crateropus plebejus permistus Neumann, 1906, Orn.
Monatsb., 14, p. 146 — Senegal.

Western Africa from Senegal southeastward to Ivory

Coast.

? Turdoides plebejus togoensis (Neumann)
Crateropus platycercus [sic] togoensis Neumann, 1904,
Journ. f. Orn., 52, p. 551 — Kete Krachi, Togo, Ghana.
Western Africa from Ghana eastward to western Nigeria;
doubtfully distinct from platycircus. ;

Turdoides plebejus uamensis (Reichenow)

Crateropus plebeius [sic] gularis Reichenow, 1910, Orn.
Monatsb., 18, p. 7—Mba f[lat. 7°00'N., long.
11° 50’ E.], British Cameroons. Not Chatarrhexa gularis
Blyth, 1855.

Crateropus uamensis Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn., 69,
p. 48 — Bozum [lat. 6° 18’ N., long. 16° 22’ E.], Ubangi-
Shari.

Crateropus plebeius [sic] elbertt Reichenow, 1921, Journ.
f. Orn., 69, p. 461 — Uam district, Ubangi-Shari.

Grasslands of the Cameroons and western Ubangi-Shari.

Turdoides plebejus plebejus (Cretzschmar)

Ixos plebejus Cretzschmar, 1828, in Riippell, Atlas Vog.,
p. 35, pl. 23 — Kordofan Province, Sudan.

Crateropus cordofanicus Butler, 1905, Ibis, p. 330, pl. 7
— Jebel Melbis, Kordofan, Sudan.

Crateropus plebejus anomalus Hartert, 1921, Novit. Zool.,
28, p. 116 — Farniso, near Kano [lat. 12° 00’ N., long.
8° 31’ E.], Nigeria.

Interior of Africa from northern Nigeria eastward,

through southern Chad, to the central Sudan Morderey) >

Turdoides plebejus leucocephalus Cretzschmar
Turdoides leucocephala [sic] Cretzschmar, 1827, in Ris
pell, Atlas Vég., p. 6, pl. 4 — Sennar [= Blue Nile Prov-
ince, Sudan].

342 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Crateropus leucocephalus abyssinicus Neumann, 1904,
Journ. f. Orn., 52, p. 550—northern and central
Ethiopia.

Eastern Sudan (east of the Nile from Khartoum south-

ward to Fung) and eastward through northern Ethiopia
to Red Sea coast.

2 —-Turdoides plebejus cinereus (Heuglin)

Crateropus cinereus Heuglin, 1856, Sitzungsb. K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., 19, p. 282 — banks
of the White Nile south of lat. 6° N.

Crateropus buxtont Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 445 — Turkwel
District, Kenya.

Crateropus jardinet hypobrunneus Reichenow, 1915,
Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 129 — Amadi [lat. 3° 38’ N., long.
26° 46’ E.], Belgian Congo.

Interior of Africa from eastern Ubangi-Shari eastward,
through the southern Sudan, to southwestern Ethiopia, and
southward to the northeastern Congo, Uganda, and western
Kenya.

TURDOIDES JARDINEII

Turdoides jardineii hypostictus (Cabanis and Reichenow)
Crateropus hypostictus Cabanis and Reichenow, 1877,
Journ. f. Orn., 25, pp. 25, 103 — Loango Coast.
Southward from Cabinda, southern Moyen Congo, and
Kasai District of the Congo to Benguella Province, Angola.

-Turdoides jardineii tanganjicae (Reichenow)

Crateropus Tanganjicae Reichenow, 1886, Journ. f. Orn.,
34, p. 115, pl. 3, fig. 1— Mpala [lat. 6° 45’S., long.
29° 31’ E.], Belgian Congo.

Crateropus carruthersit Ogilvie-Grant, 1907, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 19, p. 106 — Upper Congo; type from Niem-
bo [lat. 4°:30’S., long. 28° 15’ H.], Congo:

Southeastern Congo from northern end of Lake Tangan-

yika (where intergrades with emini) southward to south-
ern Katanga Province (where intergrades with kirkii);
northwestern Northern Rhodesia.

~—~Turdoides jardineii emini (Neumann)

Crateropus plebeius emini Neumann, 1904, Journ. f. Orn.,
52, p. 549 — Wala River, Tabora District, Tanganyika.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 343

Uganda, Ruandi-Urundi, and Tanganyika (Tabora and
Mkalama areas).

_— Turdoides jardineii kikuyuensis (Neumann)

Crateropus plebeius kikuyuensis Neumann, 1906, Orn.
Monatsb., 14, p. 7 — Escarpment [lat. 1° 01’S., long.
36° 36’ E.], Kenya.

Crateropus reichenowt Madarasz, 1910, Arch. f. Zool., 1,
p. 177 — Ngare-Dobash [= Mara River, Kenya or Tan-
ganyika].

Southwestern Kenya and adjacent areas of northern

Tanganyika.

___ Turdoides jardineii kirkii (Sharpe)

Crateropus kirkii Sharpe, 1876, in Layard, Birds South
Africa, new ed., pt. 3, p. 2138 — near rivers in the Zam-
besi country; type from Mazaro, on the Zambesi, ca.
75 miles above mouth of the Shire.

Coastal region of eastern Africa from Kenya (Lamu)

southward to central Mozambique, and inland through the
Zambesi drainage to Nyasaland and the eastern Rhodesias.

Turdoides jardineii tamalakanei de Schauensee

Crateropus affinis Bocage, 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 486 — Leullengues, Mossamedes, southwestern An-
gola. Not Malacocircus affinis Jerdon, 1845.

Turdoides jardinei tamalakanei de Schauensee, 1982, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 83, p. 469 — Maun [lat.
19° 55’ S., long. 28° 30’ E.], Bechuanaland.

Southwestern Northern Rhodesia, western Southern

Rhodesia, northern Bechuanaland, and southern Angola.

_-Turdoides jardineii jardineii (Smith)

Cratopus Jardineitti A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr.
Africa, p. 45—banks of rivers beyond Kurrichane,
northwestern Transvaal.

Western Transvaal and neighboring districts of Bechuana-

land.

Turdoides jardineii natalensis Roberts

Turdoides jardinei natalensis Roberts, 1982, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus., 15, p. 29 — Weenen, Natal.
? Turdoides jardineiti convergens Clancey, 1958, Durban

344 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Mus. Novit., 5, p. 128 — Manhica, Sul do Save, southern
Mozambique.
Southeastern Southern Rhodesia, southern Mozambique,
eastern Transvaal, Swaziland, and Natal.

TURDOIDES SQUAMULATUS
Turdoides squamulatus jubaensis van Someren
Turdoides squamulata [sic] jwbaensis van Someren, 1931,
Journ. East Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 37 (1930),
p. 196 — Serenli [lat. 2° 30’ N., long. 42° 07’ E.], Italian
Somaliland.
Southern Italian Somaliland (valley of the Juba from
Ethiopian border southward to Serenli).

-Turdoides squamulatus squamulatus (Shelley)
Crateropus squamulatus Shelley, 1884, Ibis, p. 45 — Mom-
basa [lat. 4° 04’S., long. 39° 41’ E.], Kenya.
Coastal area of Kenya from Lamu southward to Tan-
ganyika border.

TURDOIDES LEUCOPYGIUS
Turdoides leucopygius leucopygius (Riippell)
Ixos leucopygius Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelth., Vogel,
p. 82, pl. 30, fig. 1— central forest region along the

coast of Abyssinia.
Coastal region of Ethiopia from Massaua to Adigrat.

Turdoides leucopygius limbatus (Riippell)
Crateropus limbatus Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers. Vég.
Nord-ost.-Afr., p. 48 — Ali Amba, Shoa, Ethiopia.
Northwestern Ethiopia from valley of the Anseba south-
ward to Shoa.

—_— Turdoides leucopygius smithii (Sharpe)
Crateropus smithii Sharpe, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 4,
p. 41 — “Somaliland” ; type from Sheik Hussein, Arusi,
Ethiopia, fide Sclater, 1980, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 354.
Southeastern Ethiopia and western British Somaliland.

~ Turdoides leucopygius lacuum (Neumann)
Crateropus smithi lacuum Neumann, 19038, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 14, p. 15— Alelu, north of Lake Abassi [lat.

7° 04° N., long. 38° 2774.) Hthiopia.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 345

Turdoides leucopygia [sic] clarkei Macdonald, 1939, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 60, p. 10 — ““Gummaro,” an estate and
stream a few miles west of the British Consulate at
Goré [lat. 8° 05’ N., long. 35° 30’ E.], Ethiopia.

Southwestern Ethiopia (except area occupied by omoen-

sis).

_— Turdoides leucopygius omoensis (Neumann)
Crateropus smithi omoensis Neumann, 1903, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 14, p. 15— Senti River (southern affluent
to the Omo), between Uba and Gofa, southwestern
Ethiopia.

Southwestern Ethiopia from the lower Omo valley east-
ward to Abaya Lakes and Boran region; southeastern Sudan
(Boma Hills).

__ Turdoides leucopygius ater Friedmann “ he Bio
Turdoides melanops ater Friedmann, 1927, Proc. New
England Zool. Club, 10, p. 11—Kamaniola [lat.
2° 46’S., long. 29° 00’ E.], Belgian Congo.
Ruanda-Urundi, the southeastern Congo, northeastern
Northern Rhodesia (southward to the Muchinga Escarp-
ment), and southwestern Tanganyika.

__ Turdoides leucopygius hartlaubii (Bocage)

Crateropus Hartlaubii Barboza du Bocage, 1868, Tourn.
Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 2, p. 48 — Biballa, Mossa-
medes, Angola.

Western Northern Rhodesia, northern Bechuanaland, and

southern Angola.

TURDOIDES HINDEI

Turdoides hindei (Sharpe)
Crateropus hindei Sharpe, 1900, Bull. Brit Orn. Club, 11,
p. 29 — Athi River, Kenya.
Known only from eastern foothills of east Kenya high-
lands.

TURDOIDES HYPOLEUCUS

—Turdoides hypoleucus hypoleucus (Cabanis)

Crateropus hypoleucus Cabanis, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26,
p. 205 — Kitui [lat. 1° 22’S., long. 38° 01’ E.], Kenya.

346 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Known only from a restricted area of central Kenya south-
ward from Mount Kenya (Athi River system).

Turdoides hypoleucus rufuensis (Neumann)

Crateropus hypoleucus rufuensis Neumann, 1906, Orn.
Monatsb., 14, p. 148 — Useguha region, northeastern
Tanganyika.

Turdoides hypoleuca [sic] kilosa Vincent, 1935, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 55, p. 176 — Kibedya, Kilosa [lat. 6° 49’ S.,
long. 37° 02’ E.], Tanganyika.

Northeastern Tanganyika.

TURDOIDES BICOLOR

- Turdoides bicolor (Jardine)
Cratopus bicolor Jardine, 1831, Edinburgh Journ. Nat.
Geogr. Sci., 3, p. 97, pl. 3 — South Africa.
South West Arrica (Damaraland; Namaqualand), Bechu-
analand (Kalahari Desert), and western Transvaal.

TURDOIDES GYMNOGENYS

Turdoides gymnogenys gymnogenys (Hartlaub)
Crateropus gymnogenys Hartlaub, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 86 — Benguella Province, Angola.
Southwestern Angola.

Turdoides gymnogenys kaokensis (Roberts)
Aethocichla gymnogenys kaokensis Roberts, 1937, Ostrich,
8, p. 100 — Huab River, Kaokoveld, South West Africa.
Aethocichla gymnogenys tsumebensis Roberts, 1937, Os-
trich, 8, p. 101— Tsumeb, northeastern South West
Africa.
Northern South West Africa.

GENUS BABAX DAVID

Babax David, 1875, Journ. trois. Voy. Expl. Chine, 1, p.
181. Type, by monotypy, Pterorhinus lanceolatus J.
Verreaux.

Kaznakowia Bianchi, 1906, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci., St.
Pétersbourg, ser. 5, 23 (1905), p. 45. Type, by original
designation, Kaznakowia koslowi Bianchi.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 347

BABAX LANCEOLATUS
___ Babax lanceolatus lanceolatus (Verreaux)

Pterorhinus lanceolatus J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 36; idem, 1871, zbid., 7,
p. 40, pl. 2, fig. 2 — “les montagnes du Thibet chinois” ;
type specimen from Muping [= Paohing], Hsikang, fide
Oustalet, 1893, zbid., sér. 3, 5, p. 198.

Babax Bonvaloti Oustalet, 1892, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., sér.
7, 12 (1891), p. 273 — “So,” error; corrected to Tara
[ca. lat. 80° 18’ N., long. 98° 30’ E.], Hsikang, by Ousta-
let, 1893, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], sér. 3, 5,
De Loo:

Babax yunnanensis Rippon, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
15, p. 96—hills east of Tengyueh [= Tengchung],
Yunnan.

Southern Shensi; southern Kansu; western Szechwan;

eastern half of Hsikang; northwestern Yunnan; northeast-
ern Burma (Kachin and Northern Shan States).

_—— Babax lanceolatus woodi Finn

Babaz woodi Finn, 1902, in Wood and Finn, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 71, p. 125, pl. 7 — Mount Victoria, South-
ern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.

Babax victorizs Rippon, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 15,
p. 97 — Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper
Burma.

Babax lanceolatus oribata [sic] Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 3 — Blue Mountain, Lushai
Hills, Assam.

Southeastern Assam (Lushai Hills) and western Burma

(Chin Hills).

Babax lanceolatus latouchei Stresemann

Babax lanceolatus latouchei Stresemann, 1929, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 37, p. 140 — Yao Shan, Kwangsi.
Hupeh; Fukien; Kwangsi.

BABAX WADDELLI
Babax waddelli waddelli Dresser

Babax waddelli Dresser, 1905 (June), Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 54, pl. 4— near the Chaksam Ferry [lat.
29° 15’ N., long. 90° 32’ E.], Tsangpo Valley, Tibet.

348 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southeastern Tibet (Lhasa, Loti, Chushul Dzong, Chak-
sam).

? Babax waddelli lumsdeni Kinnear

Babax lanceolatus lumsdeni Kinnear, 1938, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 58, p. 76—Le La [lat. 28° 25’ N., long.
92° 57’ E.], Tibet-Hsikang Boundary.

Known only from type locality; doubtfully distinct from

waddelli.

Babax waddelli jomo Vaurie

Babax waddelli jomo Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1753, p. 5 — below Tsechen, about four miles south
of Gyangtse, southeastern Tibet.

Southeastern Tibet (vicinity of Gyangtse).

BABAX KOSLOWI

Babax koslowi (Bianchi)

Kaznakowia koslowi Bianchi, 1906, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.
St. Pétersbourg, ser. 5, 23 (1905), p. 45 — Bar Chu and
Dzer Chu, tributaries of the Mekong near Chamdo,
Hsikang.

Valley of the Mekong in southern Tsinghai and northern

Hsikang.

GENUS GARRULAX LESSON

Garrulax Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., livr. 8, p. 647. Type,
by subsequent designation (Ripley, 1961, Synopsis
Birds India Pakistan, p. 380), Garrulax rufifrons Les-
son.

Ianthocincla Gould, 1835, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 3,
p. 47. Type, by original designation, Cinclosoma ocel-
latum Vigors.

Garrulaxis “Less.” Lafresnaye, 1838, Essai d’une nouvelle
maniere de grouper les genres et les espéces de |’Ordre
des Passereaux, p. 25. Nomen emendatum.

Xanthocincla Jerdon, 1839, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 10,
p. 255. Nomen emendatum.

Trochalopteron Blyth, 1843, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12,
p. 952, footnote. Type, by subsequent designation
(Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 30),
Trochalopteron subunicolor Blyth.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 349

Trochalopterum Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. Zool. Index Univ.
Nomen emendatum.

Pterocyclus G. R. Gray, 1846, Gen. Birds, 1, p. [226], pl.
57. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855,
Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 45), Cinclosoma erythro-
cephalum Vigors. .

Grammatoptila Reichenbach, 1850, Avium Syst. Nat., pl.
85. No species; generic details only. Type, by subsequent
designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds,
p. 45), Garrulus striatus Vigors.

Leucodioptron “Schiff.” Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend.
Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, pp. 54, 55. Type, by original desig-
nation and monotypy, Turdus canorus Linnaeus.

Leucodiophron “Schiff. 1853” G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen.
Subgen. Birds, p. 45. Type, by monotypy, Turdus sinen-
sis Linnaeus, 1766 = Turdus canorus L., 1758.

Pterorhinus Swinhoe, 1868, Ibis, p. 60. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Pterorhinus davidi Swinhoe.

Leucodiopterum Swinhoe, 1868, Ibis, p. 61. Nomen emen-
datum.

Kittasoma “Bl. 1855” G. R. Gray, 1869, Hand-list Gen.
Spec. Birds, pt. 1, p. 284. In synonymy with Gramma-
toptila Reichenbach.

Stactocichla Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 449.
Type, by monotypy, Garrulax merulinus Blyth.

Melanocichla Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 451.
Type, by monotypy, Timalia lugubris S. Miiller.

Rhinocichla Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 452.
Type, by subsequent designation (Anonymous, 1883,
Ibis, p. 573), Timalia mitrata S. Miiller.

Dryonastes Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 454.
Type, by subsequent designation (Anonymous, 1883,
Ibis, p. 573) LIanthocincla ruficollis Jardine and Selby.

Allocotops Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 389. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Allocotops calvus Sharpe.

GARRULAX CINEREIFRONS

=<

—— Garrulax cinereifrons Blyth ¥ uv

Garrulax cinereifrons “Kelaart” Blyth, 1851, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 20, p. 176 — Ceylon.
Wet zone of southwestern Ceylon.

350 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GARRULAX PALLIATUS

~Garrulax palliatus palliatus (Bonaparte)
[Janthocincla] palliata “Miill.”” Bonaparte, 1850, Consp.
Av., 1, p. 371 —Sumatra.
Highlands of western Sumatra.

Garrulax palliatus schistochlamys Sharpe
Garrulax schistochlamys Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 479 — Kina
Balu, North Borneo.
Highlands of northern Borneo.

GARRULAX RUFIFRONS

Garrulax rufifrons rufifrons Lesson
Garrulax rufifrons Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., livr. 8, p.
648 — Java; here restricted to Mount Salak [lat.
6° 42)'S., long. 106° 44” E.].
Mountains of western Java.

Garrulax rufifrons slamatensis Siebers
Garrulax rufifrons slamatensis Siebers, 1929, Treubia, 11,
p. 150 — Kaligua, Mount Selamat [lat. 7° 13’S., long.
109° 05’ E.], Java.
Known only from type locality.

GARRULAX PERSPICILLATUS

—— Garrulax perspicillatus (Gmelin)

[Turdus] perspicillatus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2,
p. 880 — China; restricted to Amoy, Fukien, by Mein-
ertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 516.

Dryonastes perspicillatus shensiensis Riley, 1911, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 24, p. 43 — fifteen miles south
of Sian-fu, Shensi.

Dryonastes tsinlingensis Reichenow, 1917, Journ. f. Orn.,
65, p. 391 — Chin Ling Mountains, Shensi.

Dryonastes perspicillatus annamensis Delacour, 1927,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 157 — Hue [lat. 16° 29’ N.,
long. 107° 34’ E.], Annam. Not Stactocichla merulina
annamensis Robinson and Kloss, 1919 = Garrulax meru-
linus annamensis (Robinson and Kloss).

Valley of the Yangtze from Szechwan eastward to Kiang-

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 301

su, and southward through coastal provinces to Kwangsi;
eastern Tongking and northern half of Annam.

GARRULAX ALBOGULARIS

_———Garrulax albogularis whistleri Baker
Garrulax albogularis whistleri Baker, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 42, p. 29 — Simla, Himachal Pradesh.
Himalayas from northern West Pakistan southeastward
to northwestern Uttar Pradesh.

Garrulax albogularis albogularis (Gould)
Tanthocincela albogularis Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 3, p. 187 — Nepal.

Himalayas from western Nepal eastward to eastern
Bhutan.

Garrulax albogularis eous Riley
Garrulax albogularis eous Riley, 1980 (June 5), Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 43, p. 79— Fuchuan Shan,
Mekong-Salween Divide, northwestern Yunnan.
Garrulax albogularis laetus Riley, 19380 (July 18), Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 43, p. 134 — Mount Omei, south-
western Szechwan.
Southwestern Szechwan, southeastern Hsikang, Yunnan,
and northwestern Tongking.
_— Garrulax albogularis ruficeps Gould = ik zi
Garrulax ruficeps Gould, 18638, Proc. Zool. Soc. Wieoadont
p. 281 — Formosa.
Formosa.

GARRULAX LEUCOLOPHUS

—~Garrulax leucolophus leucolophus (Hardwicke)

Corvus leucolophus Hardwicke, 1815, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 11, p. 207, pl. 15 — mountains above Hardwar,
Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh.

Himalayas from Himachal Pradesh eastward, through

Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and Assam (north of the Brahma-
putra), to Mishmi Hills.

352 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

— Garrulax leucolophus patkaicus Reichenow
G[arrulax]. patkaicus Reichenow, 1913, Journ. f. Orn.,
61, p. 557 — Patkai Range, northwestern Burma.
Garrulax leucolophus hardwicki Ticehurst, 1926, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 46, p. 118 — Naga Hills, Assam.
Assam (south of the Brahmaputra), northern Burma, and
western Yunnan; in Burma southward to Arakan and
Northern Shan State.
— Garrulax leucolophus belangeri Lesson Y To",
Garrulax Belangeri Lesson, 1832, in Bélanger, Voyage aux
Indes-Orientales, Zool., pt. 4, p. 258, Atlas, Oiseaux,
pl. 4 — Pegu Division, Lower Burma.

Southern Burma (except areas occupied by patkaicus and
diardi) southward to central Tenasserim; southwestern
Thailand (valley of the Mae Klong).

__Garrulax leucolophus diardi (Lesson)

Turdus Diardi Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., livr. 6, p. 408
— Cochinchina.

[Garrulax] leucogaster Walden, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, (1866), p. 549 — “some part of Siam’; type
specimen from Cambodia, fide Macdonald, 1946, in de
Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 98,
p. 61.

Garrulax leucolophus peninsulae de Schauensee, 1946,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 98, p. 60 — near
Khao Luang [lat. 11° 40’ N., long. 99° 35’ E.], Thai-
land. Not Trochalopterum peninsulze Sharpe, 1887 =
Garrulax erythrocephalus peninsulae (Sharpe).

Garrulax leucolophus peninsularis de Schauensee, 1946,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 98, p. 122. New
name for Garrulax leucolophus peninsulae de Schauen-
see, preoccupied. Not Melanocichla peninsularis Sharpe,
1888 = Garrulax lugubris lugubris (S. Miller).

Southern Shan State, Burma (east of the Salween); all

Thailand (except area occupied by belangeri) southward
to peninsular province of Prachuap Khiri Khan; south-
eastern Yunnan; Tongking; Laos; Annam; Cochin China;
Cambodia.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 353

___ Garrulax leucolophus bicolor Hartlaub

G[arrulax]. bicolor “Mill.” Hartlaub, 1844, Syst. Verz.
Naturh. Samml. Ges. Mus. (Bremen), Abth. 1, p. 44,
footnote — western Sumatra.

Garrulaxz leucolophus obscurus Junge, 1948, Zool. Meded.
Leiden, 29, p. 324 — Balek [lat. 4° 42’ N., long. 96° 44’
E.], Sumatra. Not Garrulax merulinus obscurus Dela-
cour and Jabouille, 1930.

Highlands of western Sumatra.

GARRULAX MONILEGER

_— Garrulax monileger monileger (Hodgson)
Cinc[losoma]. Monilegera [sic] Hodgson, 18386, Asiat.
Res., 19, p. 147 — Nepal.

Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Bhutan and
Assam (both north and south of the Brahmaputra, except
area occupied by badius), to northeastern Burma, south-
ward in Burma to Arakan and Northern Shan State.

Garrulax monileger badius Ripley

Garrulazx moniliger badius Ripley, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 61, p. 102 — Tezu, Mishmi Hills, Assam.
Northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills).

_—Garrulax monileger stuarti de Schauensee

Garrulax moniliger bakeri de Schauensee, 1935, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 87, p. 409-— Nong Ho,
a pond near Muang Chiang Mai [lat. 18° 45’ N., long.
99° 00’ E.], Thailand. Not Trochalopteron pheeniceum
bakert Hartert, 1909=Garrulax phoeniceus bakeri
(Hartert).

Garrulax moniliger stuarti de Schauensee, 1955, Auk,
72, p. 92. New name for Garrulax moniliger bakeri
de Schauensee, preoccupied.

Southeastern Burma from Southern Shan State (except
area occupied by schauenseei) southward through Ka-
renni State to northern Tenasserim; northwestern Thailand
southward to northern Tak Province.

Garrulax monileger fuscatus Baker

Garrulax moniliger fuscata [sic] Baker, 1918, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 38, p. 64 — Tavoy District, Tenasserim.

3854 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Central Tenasserim (Amherst and Tavoy Districts) and
southwestern Thailand from southern Tak Province to Pra-
chuap Khiri Khan.

Garrulax monileger mouhoti Sharpe

Garrulax mouhoti Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7,
pp. 434 (in key), 444 — Cambodia.

Garrulax moniliger leucotis Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 38, p. 8 — Ban Kabin Buri [lat. 14° 00’ N., long.
101° 45° E.1, Thailand.

Southeastern Thailand, Cambodia, Cochin China, and

southern Annam.

Garrulax monileger pasquieri Delacour and Jabouille
Garrulax moniliger pasquieri Delacour and Jabouille,
1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 32 — Khesanh,
Quangtri Province, Annam.
Central Annam (Thuatien and Quangtri Provinces) .

-Garrulax monileger schauenseei Delacour and Greenway
Garrulax moniliger schauenseei Delacour and Greenway,
1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 59, p. 132 — Chiang
Khwang [lat. 19° 19’ N., long. 103° 22’ E.], Laos.
Eastern Southern Shan State of Burma, eastern northern
plateau of Thailand, and northern Laos.

Garrulax monileger tonkinensis Delacour
Garrulax moniliger tonkinensis Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 47, p. 158 — Bae Kan lat. 22°08 Ne lone
105° 50’ E., Tongking.
Northern Annam (Vinh and Thanhoa Provinces), Tong-
king, and Kwangsi.

—— Garrulax monileger melli Stresemann
Garrulax moniliger melli Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f.
Orn., 71, p. 364 — Man-tsi-shan, Kwangtung.
Hill tracts of southeastern China from Kwangtung north-
ward to Anhwei.

—~ Garrulax monileger schmackeri Hartlaub
Garrulax Schmackeri Hartlaub, 1898, Abh. Nat. Ver.
Bremen, 14 (1897), p. 349, pl. 4 — Hainan.
Hainan.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE Ya )5)

GARRULAX PECTORALIS
_—Garrulax pectoralis pectoralis (Gould)
Ianthocincla pectoralis Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 3, p. 186 — Nepal.
Nepal.

____ Garrulax pectoralis melanotis Blyth

G[arrulax]. melanotis Blyth, 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 12, p. 949 — Arakan.

Glarrulax]. McClellandii Blyth, 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 12, p. 949— Assam. Based on Janthocincla
pectoralis “Gould” McClelland, 1840, in Horsfield, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, pt. 7 (1839), p. 160, not Zanthocincla
pectoralis Gould, 1836.

GLarrulax]. uropygialis “Caban.” Bonaparte, 1850, Consp.
Av., 1, p. 8371 — Assam.

Garrulax waddelli Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 3, p. 29 — Rangit River, Sikkim.

Himalayas from Darjeeling District and Sikkim eastward,
through Bhutan, Assam (both north and south of the
Brahmaputra), and northern Burma, to western Yunnan,
in Burma southward to Arakan and Northern Shan State.

__— Garrulax pectoralis subfusus Kinnear

Garrulax pectoralis meridionalis Robinson and Kloss,
1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 11 — Hat Sanuk [ca.
lat. 11° 47’ N., long. 99° 38’ E.], Thailand. Not Trocha-
lopterum meridionale Blanford, 1880 = Garrulax
cacchinans meridionalis (Blanford).

Garrulax pectoralis subfusa (sic) Kinnear, 1924, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 1038 — Mitan, Amherst, Tenas-
serim.

Garrulax pectoralis subsuffusa (sic) Kinnear, 1924, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 28. Lapsus for subfusus.

Garrulax pectoralis confusa (sic) Baker, 1930, Fauna
Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 28. Lapsus for subfusus.

Southeastern Burma from Southern Shan State south-

ward to central Tenasserim; western Thailand from Chiang
Rai Province southward to Prachuap Khiri Khan; north-
western Laos.

356 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

_—Garrulax pectoralis robini Delacour
Garrulax pectoralis robini Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 47, p. 157 — Tam Dao [lat. 21° 27’ N., long. 105°
40’ E.], Tongking.
Tongking and adjacent northern Laos.

___Garrulax pectoralis picticollis Swinhoe
Garrulax picticollis Swinhoe, 1872, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 554 — Chekiang.
Hill tracts of southeastern China from Kwangtung north-
ward to Anhwei.

Garrulax pectoralis semitorquatus Ogilvie-Grant
Garrulax semitorquata (sic) Ogilvie-Grant, 1900, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 10, p. 49 — Five-Finger Mountains,
Hainan.
Hainan.

GARRULAX LUGUBRIS

— Garrulax lugubris lugubris (Miiller)

Timalia lugubris S. Miiller, 1835, Tijdschr. Natuur.
Gesch. Phys., 2, p. 344, pl. “5, fig. 2” [=pl. 9, fig. 2] —
Sumatra.

Melanocichla peninsularis Sharpe, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 274 — Gunong Batu Puteh, Perak.

Highlands of Malaya from northern Perak southward to

southern Selangor and highlands of western Sumatra.

~~Garrulax lugubris calvus (Sharpe)
Allocotops calvus Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 389 — Kina Balu,
North Borneo.
Highlands of northeastern Borneo.

GARRULAX STRIATUS

~ Garrulax striatus striatus (Vigors)
Garrulus striatus Vigors, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 1, p. 7 — Himalayas; restricted to Naini
Tal, Kumaun, Uttar Pradesh, by Baker, 1920, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 245.
Himalayas from northern East Punjab eastward to
Kumaun.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 357

__ Garrulax striatus vibex Ripley

Garrulax striatus vibex Ripley, 1950, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 63, p. 103 — Godavari, Central Valley,
Nepal.

Himalayas of western and central Nepal.

— Garrulax striatus sikkimensis (Ticehurst)
Grammatoptila striata sikkimensis Ticehurst, 1924, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 104 — Sikkim.
Himalayas from eastern Nepal eastward to eastern
Bhutan.

___Garrulax striatus cranbrooki (Kinnear)

Grammatoptila austeni Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India,
Birds, 1, p. 104 — Dafla and Naga Hills, Assam. Not
Trochalopteron Austeni Godwin-Austen, 1870 = Gar-
rulax austent austent (Godwin-Austen).

Grammatoptila striata cranbrooki Kinnear, 19382, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 53, p. 79 — Adung Valley [at lat. 28°
10’ N., long. 97° 40’ E.], Burma.

Garrulax striatus brahmaputra Hachisuka, 19538, Auk,
70, p. 92. New name for Grammatoptila austeni Oates,
preoccupied.

Central Bhutan eastward, through hill tracts of Assam,

to northeastern Burma (Kachin State) and western Burma
(Chin Hills).

GARRULAX STREPITANS

__— Garrulax strepitans strepitans Blyth

Garrulax strepitans “Tickell’’ Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 24, p. 268 — ‘‘the mountainous interior of
the Tenasserim provinces.”

Northwestern Laos, eastern Southern Shan State of Bur-
ma (Kengtung), western Thailand from Chiang Rai Prov-
ince southward to Kanchanaburi, and central Tenasserim
(Amherst District).

Garrulax strepitans ferrarius Riley
Garrulax ferrarius Riley, 1930, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 43, p. 190 — Khao Kuap [lat. 12° 25’ N., long. 102°
50’ E.], Thailand.
Southeastern Thailand.

358 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GARRULAX MILLETI

Garrulax milleti Robinson and Kloss

Garrulax milleti Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, p. 574,
pl. 12— Dalat [lat. 11°55’ N., long. 108° 26’ E.],
Annam.

Southern half of Annam.

GARRULAX MAESI

Garrulax maesi grahami (Riley)
Dryonastes grahami Riley, 1922, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 35, p. 59 — Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, Szechwan.
Southwestern Szechwan, southeastern Hsikang, and north-
eastern Yunnan.

Garrulax maesi maesi (Oustalet)

Dryonastes Maesi Oustalet, 1890, Bull. Soc. Zool. France,
15, p. 155 — Tongking; restricted to the Tam Dao
Mountains [ca. lat. 21° 30’ N., long. 105° 34’ E.], by
Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 88.

Mountains of Kwangsi and Tongking.

Garrulax maesi varennei (Delacour)

Dryonastes varennei Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 47, p. 15 — Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19’ N., long.
103-7227 Hele dsaos,

Northeastern and central Laos (Chiang Khwang and

Thakkek Provinces).

Garrulax maesi castanotis (Ogilvie-Grant)
Dryonastes castanotis Ogilvie-Grant, 1899, Ibis, p. 584 —
Five-finger Mountains, Hainan.
Hainan.

GARRULAX CHINENSIS

___ Garrulax chinensis nuchalis Godwin-Austen
Garrulax nuchalis Godwin-Austen, 1876, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, 18, p. 411 — Lhota, Naga Hills, Assam.
Lower hills of northeastern Assam (south and east of the
Brahmaputra) and of northern Burma (southeastward to
Myitkyina District).

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 359

Garrulax chinensis lochmius Deignan
Garrulax chinensis lochmius Deignan, 1941, Zoologica
[New York], 26, p. 241 — King Chiang Saen [lat. 20°
15’ N., long. 100° 05’ E.], Thailand.

Southeastern Burma from Northern Shan State south-
ward to northern Tenasserim; northern Thailand and north-
western portion of eastern plateau; western portion of
northern Laos; southwestern Yunnan.

_— Garrulax chinensis propinquus (Salvadori)

Dryonastes propinquus Salvadori, 1915, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, ser. 3, 6 (1914), p. 6— near Thagata, south-
west of Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, Tenasserim.

Central Tenasserim (Amherst and Tavoy Districts) and

southwestern Thailand (Kanchanaburi and Rat Buri Prov-
inces).

— Garrulax chinensis germaini (Oustalet)
Dryonastes Germaini Oustalet, 1890, Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, 15, p. 157 — Lower Cochinchina.
Cochin China and southernmost Annam (Phantiet and
Phanrang Provinces).

__- Garrulax chinensis chinensis (Scopoli) —

Lanius (chinensis) Scopoli, 1786, Del. Flor. Fauna In-
subr., fasc. 2, p. 86 — China, ex Sonnerat; restricted to
Canton, by Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 514.

Cr[ateropus]. leucogenys Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 11, p. 180 — “Upper Bengal,” error; corrected
to China, by Blyth, 1843, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12,
De O40:

Garrulax chinensis, var. lugens Oustalet, 1879, Bull. Soc.
Philom. [Paris], sér. 7, 3, p. 216 — Laos; here restricted
to Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19’ N., long. 103° 22’ E.].

Dryonastes chinensis lowei La Touche, 1922, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 42, p. 52 — Hokow, southeastern Yunnan.

Northern half of Annam, eastern portion of northern

Laos, Tongking, southeastern Yunnan, southern Kwangsi,
and southwestern half of Kwangtung.

360 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—_Garraulax chinensis monachus Swinhoe
Garrulax monachus Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 248 —
Hainan.
Hainan.

GARRULAX VASSALI

___ Garrulax vassali (Ogilvie-Grant)

Dryonastes vassali Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 19, p. 13 — Bali Region [= Nhatrang Province],
southern Annam.

Southern Laos (Saravane Province) and southern half of

Annam.

GARRULAX GALBANUS

—— Garrulax galbanus galbanus Godwin-Austen

Garrulax galbanus Godwin-Austen, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soe.
London, p. 44, pl. 10 — Manipur.

Garrulax galbanus galbanatus Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 2— Blue Mountain, Lushai
Hills, Assam.

Southeastern Assam (Manipur and Lushai Hills) and

western Burma (Chin Hills).

Garrulax galbanus courtoisi Menegaux
Garrulax Courtoisi Menegaux, 19238, Bull. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Paris, 29, p. 287 — Wuyuan, northeastern Kiangsi.
Known only from type locality.

GARRULAX DELESSERTI,

~ Garrulax delesserti delesserti (Jerdon) )
C[rateropus]. Delesserti Jerdon, 1839, Madras Journ. Lit.
Sci., 10, p. 256 — Kotagiri, Nilgiri Hills.
Hill tracts of southwestern India from Travancore north-
ward to North Kanara.

/

Garrulax delesserti gularis (McClelland)

Ianthocincla gularis McClelland, 1840 (March), in Hors-
field, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1839), p. 159 — Assam;
restricted to Cachar, apud Baker, 1920, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 240; Sadiya suggested by Kin-
near, 1937, in Ludlow and Kinnear, Ibis, p. 30.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 361

Turdus (s.-g. Crateropus) griseiceps Delessert, 1840
(April), Rev. Zool. [Paris], 3, p. 101 — Bhutan.

Garrulax gularis auratus Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 47, p. 15 — Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19’ N., long.
103° 22) W.1; Laos:

Garrulax gularis gratior Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Re-
gional Explor., no. 1, p. 2 — Sangau, Lushai Hills, As-
sam.

Bhutan; hill tracts of Assam, both north and south of the

Brahmaputra; northern Burma; northern Laos.

GARRULAX VARIEGATUS

_— Garrulax variegatus similis (Hume)

Trochalopteron simile Hume, 1871, Ibis, p. 408 — no lo-
cality; type from Naoshera, Mirpur, Kashmir, fide
Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 360.

Himalayas from northernmost West Pakistan southeast-

ward to western Kashmir.

_— Garrulax variegatus variegatus (Vigors)

Cinclosoma variegatum Vigors, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool.
Soe. London, pt. 1, p. 56 — Himalayas; inferentially
restricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Hume, 1878,
Stray Feathers, 7, p. 457.

Himalayas from Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh,

southeastward into Nepal.

GARRULAX DAVIDI

? Garrulax davidi chinganicus (Meise)

Ianthocincla davidi chinganica Meise, 1934, Abh. Ber.
Mus. Dresden, 18, p. 41 — Arun River near Buchedu,
Khingan Range, northern Manchuria.

Khingan Range from Heilungkiang to Jehol; doubtfully

distinct from davidi.

_—Garrulax davidi davidi (Swinhoe)
Pterorhinus davidi Swinhoe, 1868, Ibis, p. 61 — Peking,
Hopeh.
Janthocincla davidi funebris Stresemann, 1927, Orn.
Monatsb., 35, p. 184 — Lanhuku, Tatung Range, north-
eastern Tsinghai.

362 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Northern China from Hopeh westward through southern
Inner Mongolia and Kansu to eastern Tsinghai.

? Garrulax davidi experrectus (Bangs and Peters) 3 ¢ a ly

Ianthocincla davidi experrecta Bangs and Peters, 1928,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 389 — Liyuanku, north-
ern slopes of Richthofen Range, northern Kansu.

Northern slopes of Richthofen Range; doubtfully distinct

from davidi.

Garrulax davidi concolor (Stresemann)

Janthocincla davidi concolor Stresemann, 1928, Journ. f.
Orn., 71, p. 865 — Sungpan, northwesern Szechwan.
Known only from type locality.

GARRULAX SUKATSCHEWI

_—— Garrulax sukatschewi (Berezowski and Bianchi)

TrochalopteronSukatschewi Berezowski and Bianchi, 1891,
Aves expeditionis Potanini per provinciam Gan-su et
confinia 1884-1887, p. 59, pl. 1, fig. 1 — Hsiku and Min-
chow districts, southern Kansu.

Southern Kansu.

GARRULAX CINERACEUS

—Garrulax cineraceus cineraceus (Godwin-Austen)

Trochalopteron cineraceum Godwin-Austen, 1874, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 45, pl. 11 — no locality; type from
Thobal Valley, Manipur, fide Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds
Brit. Mus., 7, p. 336.

Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra and west-

ern Burma (Chin Hills).

— Garrulax cineraceus strenuus Deignan

Trochalopteron Styani Oustalet, 1901, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist. Nat. [Paris], sér. 4, 3, p. 276 — Tatsienlu [Kang-
ting], “Szechwan,” and Tzeku, Yunnan; restricted to
Tzeku, by Berlioz, 1930, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn., 11,
p. 20. Not Trochalopteron Styani Oustalet, 1898 = Gar-
rulax cineraceus cinereiceps (Styan), 1887.

Garrulax cineraceus strenuus Deignan, 1957, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 70, p. 190 — Tsehchung Mountains,
Mekong Valley, northwestern Yunnan.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 363

Eastern Northern Shan State Burma, western Yunnan,
and southeastern Hsikang.

_— Garrulax cineraceus cinereiceps (Styan)

Trochalopteron cinereiceps Styan, 1887, Ibis, p. 167, pl.
6 — “Yunnan”; type specimen agrees with birds of the
Yangtze Valley, fide Sims, 1957, in Deignan, Proce. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 70, p. 190.

Trochalopteron Styani Oustalet, 1898, Bull. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Paris, 4, p. 226. New name for Trochalopteron
cinereiceps Styan.

Trochalopterum ningpoense David and Oustalet, 1890,
Naturaliste, sér. 2, 4, p. 187 — Ningpo, Chekiang.

Valley of the Yangtze from western Szechwan to Anhwei,

and southward through coastal provinces from Chekiang to
Kwangtung.

GARRULAX RUFOGULARIS

Garrulax rufogularis occidentalis (Hartert)

TIanthocincla rufogularis occidentalis Hartert, 1909, Vog.
pal. Fauna, p. 685 — Dehra Dun, northwestern Uttar
Pradesh.

Himalayas from northern West Pakistan eastward to

northwestern Uttar Pradesh.

_.Garrulax rufogularis grosvenori Ripley
Garrulax rufogularis grosvenori Ripley, 1950, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 63, p. 104 — Rekcha, Dailekh District,
western Nepal.
Western Nepal.

_ Garrulax rufogularis rufogularis (Gould)

Ianthocincla rufogularis Gould, 18385, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 3, p. 48 — Himalayas; restricted to Sik-
kim, by Baker, 1920, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.,
27, p. 241.

Cinc[losoma]. Rufimenta [sic] Hodgson, 1836, Asiat. Res.,
19, p. 148 — Nepal; restricted to Kathmandu, by Rip-
ley, 1950, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 63, p. 104.

Himalayas from central Nepal eastward, through Bhutan,

into Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

364 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Garrulax rufogularis assamensis (Hartert)

Ianthocincla rufogularis assamensis Hartert, 1909, Vog.
pal. Fauna, p. 685 — Margherita, northeastern Assam.
Northeastern Assam.

Garrulax rufogularis rufitinctus (Koelz)

Ianthocincla rufogularis rufitincta Koelz, 1952, Journ.
Zool. Soc. India, 4, p. 37— Pynursla, Khasi Hills,
Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra (Khasi
Hills).

Garrulax rufogularis rufiberbis (Koelz)

Ianthocincla rufogularis rufiberbis Koelz, 1954, Contrib. -
Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 8 — between Langyang
and Htawgaw, Kachin State, Upper Burma.

Northern Burma.

. Garrulax rufogularis intensior Delacour and Jabouille

Garrulax rufogularis intensior Delacour and Jabouille,
1930, Oiseau Rev. Frane. Orn., 11, p. 398 — Chapa [lat.
22° 20’ N., long. 108° 50’ E.], Tongking.

Known only from type locality.

GARRULAX LUNULATUS

Garrulax lunulatus lunulatus (Verreaux) |
Janthocincla lunulata J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 36, pl. 3, fig. 2; idem,
1871, ibid., 7, p. 41— “les montagnes du Thibet chi-
nois’”; type from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux,
lisyfalle
Southern Kansu, southern Shensi, and Szechwan.

__ Garrulax lunulatus bieti (Oustalet)

Ianthocincla Bieti Oustalet, 1897, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, 3, p. 168 — Tzeku, northwestern Yunnan.
Southeastern Hsikang and northwestern Yunnan.

GARRULAX MAXIMUS

Garrulax maximus (Verreaux)

Pterorhinus maximus J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch.
Mus, Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 36, pl. 3, fig. 1; 2dem,

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 365

1871, ibid., 7, p. 38 — “les montagnes du Thibet chi-
nois”’; types from Muping [= Paohing], Hsikang, fide
Verreaux, 1871.

Janthocincla maxima khamensis Serebrovski, 1927, Dok-
lady Akad. Nauk. S.S.S.R., A, no. 20, p. 826 — River
Bar-chu, basin of the Upper Mekong, Hsikang.

Southern Kansu, northwestern Szechwan, southeastern

Hsikang, and northwestern Yunnan; southeastern Tibet
(Pome district).

GARRULAX OCELLATUS

Garrulax ocellatus zriseicauda Koelz
Garrulax ocellatus griseicauda Koelz, 1950, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1452, p. 7—- Wan, Garhwal, Uttar Pradesh.
Himalayas from northwestern Uttar Pradesh into western
Nepal.

-Garrulax ocellatus ocellatus (Vigors)

Cinclosoma ocellatum Vigors, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool.
Soe. London, pt. 1, p. 55 — Himalayas; restricted to
Darjeeling, West Bengal, by Baker, 1922, Fauna Brit.
India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, p. 156.

Himalayas from central Nepal eastward to Bhutan; south-

ern Tibet.

Garrulax ocellatus maculipectus Hachisuka

Ianthocincla ocellata similis Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool.,
28, p. 834 — Shweli-Salween Divide, Yunnan. Not Tvro-
chalopteron simile Hume, 1871 = Garrulax variegatus
similis (Hume).

Garrulax ocellatus maculipectus Hachisuka, 1953, Auk,
70, p. 92. New name for Janthocincla ocellata similis,
preoccupied.

Northeastern Burma and northwestern Yunnan.

_ Garrulax ocellatus artemisiae (David)
Cinclosoma Artemisiz David, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 4, 7, p. 256 — Muping [= Paohing], Hsikang.
Southwestern Szechwan and adjacent portion of Hsikang.

366 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GARRULAX CAERULATUS
Garrulax caerulatus caerulatus (Hodgson)
Cinc[losoma]. Cerulatus (sic) Hodgson, 1836, Asiat.
Res., 19, p. 147 — Nepal.

Himalayas from central Nepal eastward, through Bhutan,
into Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

Garrulax caerulatus subcaerulatus Hume
Garrulax subcxrulatus Hume, 1878, Stray Feathers, 7,
p. 140 — near Shillong, Khasi Hills, Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmputra (Khasi
Hills).

Garrulax caerulatus livingstoni Ripley

Garrulax caerulatus livingstoni Ripley, 1952, Journ. Bom-
bay Nat. Hist. Soc., 50, p. 497— Mount Japvo, Naga
Hills, Assam.

Dryonastes caerulatus biswasi Koelz, 1953, Journ. Zool.
Soc. India, 4, p. 153 — Kohima, Naga Hills, Assam.

Hill tracts of eastern Assam (Naga Hills and Manipur)

and adjacent northwestern Burma.

Garrulax caerulatus kaurensis (Rippon)

Dryonastes kaurensis Rippon, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
12, p. 138 — “Kauri-Kachin tract, to the east of Bhamo,
and bordering on the south of the Tapeng River,’ Ka-
chin State, Burma.

Known only from type locality.

Garrulax caerulatus latifrons (Rothschild)
Ianthocincla caerulata latifrons Rothschild, 1926, Novit.
Zool., 33, p. 266 — Shweli-Salween Divide, Yunnan.
Northeastern Burma (Myitkyina District) and adjacent
portion of western Yunnan.

— Garrulax caerulatus ricinus (Riley)

Dryonastes berthemyi ricinus Riley, 1930, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 43, p. 80— Ndamucho, south of Lutien
[lat. 27° 12’ N., long. 99° 28’ E.], Yunnan.

Known only from type locality.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 367

~Garrulax caerulatus berthemyi (Oustalet)

Ianthocincla Berthemyi Oustalet, 1876, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, sér. 6, 13, p. 92 — western Fukien.

Mountains of northwestern Fukien.

— Garrulax caerulatus poecilorhynchus Gould

Garrulax peecilorhyncha (sic) Gould, 1863, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, p. 281 — Formosa.

Formosa.

GARRULAX MITRATUS

Garrulax mitratus major (Robinson and Kloss)

Rhinocichla mitrata major Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 40, p. 16 — Gunong Ijau, Perak.

Highlands of Malaya from northern Perak southward to
southern Selangor and Pahang.

—— Garrulax mitratus mitratus (Miiller)
Timalia mitrata S. Miiller, 1835, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch.
Phys., 2, p. 345, pl. “5, fig. 3” [= pl. 9, fig. 3] — Sumatra.
Highlands of western Sumatra.

___-Garrulax mitratus damnatus (Harrisson and Hartley)

Rhinocichla mitrata damnata Harrisson and Hartley,
1934, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 54, p. 154 — Mount Dulit,
Sarawak.

Mountains of eastern Sarawak (Mount Dulit, Mount Deri-
an, and Kelabit Plateau).

— Garrulax mitratus griswoldi (Peters) ~

Rhinocichla mitrata griswoldi Peters, 1940, “Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 87, p. 204 — Mount Tibang, Borneo.

Highlands of central Borneo (Schwaner and Miller
Ranges).

_-Garrulax mitratus treacheri (Sharpe)

Ianthocincla treacheri Sharpe, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 248, pl. 23 — Kina Balu, Borneo.

Known only from type locality.

368 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GARRULAX RUFICOLLIS
_———~ Garrulax ruficollis (Jardine and Selby)
Ianthocincla ruficollis Jardine and Selby, 1838, Ill. Orn.,
new ser. no. 4, pl. 21 and text — Himalayas.
Himalayas from eastern Nepal eastward, through Assam
(both north and south of the Brahmaputra), to northeastern
Burma.
GARRULAX MERULINUS,
Garrulax merulinus merulinus Blyth
Garrulax merulinus Blyth, 1851, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 20, p. 521 — Cherrapunji, Khasi Hills, Assam.
Stactocichla merulina toxostomina Koelz, 1952, Journ.
Zool. Soc. India, 4, p. 38 — Karong, Manipur.
Stactocichla merulina minima Koelz, 1953, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 3 — Tasubum, Upper Chind-
win, Burma.
Hill tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) east-
ward, through northern Burma, into western Yunnan (west
of the Salween).

? Garrulax merulinus laoensis de Schauensee
Garrulax (Stactocichla) merulinus laoensis de Schauen-
see, 1938, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 90, p. 27
— Doi Pha Hom Pok [lat. 20° 05’ N., long. 99° 10’ E.],
Thailand.
Known only from type locality; perhaps not different
from merulinus.

Garrulax merulinus obscurus Delacour and Jabouille

Garrulax merulinus obscurus Delacour and Jabouille,
1930, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 399 — Chapa [lat.
22° 20’ N., long. 108° 50’ E.], Tongking.

Garrulax merulinus taweishanicus T. H. Cheng, 1960, in
T. H. Cheng and P. L. Cheng, Acta Zool. Sinica, 12, pp.
264, 276 — Ta-wei Shan, southeastern Yunnan.

Southeastern Yunnan, northwestern Tongking, and east-

ern northern Laos.

___ Garrulax merulinus annamensis (Robinson and Kloss)
Stactocichla merulina annamensis Robinson and Kloss,
1919, Ibis, p. 577 — Dran [lat. 11° 49’ N., long. 108°
38’ E.], Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 369

GARRULAX CANORUS

__— Garrulax canorus canorus (Linnaeus)

[Turdus] Canorus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1,
p. 169 — Bengal and China; type locality restricted to
Amoy, Fukien, by Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 512.

Trochalopterum canorum yunnanensis (sic) La Touche,
1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 52 — Hokow, south-
eastern Yunnan. Not Trochalopterum yunnanense Rip-
pon, 1906 = Garrulax elliotu (J. Verreaux).

Trochalopterum canorum namtiense La Touche, 1923, Ibis,
p. 817. New name for Trochalopterum canorum yun-
nanense La Touche, preoccupied.

Trochalopteron touchena (sic) Mathews, 1934, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 55, p. 24. New name for Trochalopterum
canorum yunnanense La Touche, preoccupied.

Yangtze Valley from Szechwan to Kiangsu, thence south-

ward and westward through coastal provinces of China to
southeastern Yunnan; Tongking, northern Annam, and east-
ern northern Laos.

Garrulax canorus owstoni (Rothschild)

Trochalopteron canorum owstoni Rothschild, 1903, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 14, p. 8 — Mount Wuchi, Hainan.

Hainan.

~Garrulax canorus taewanus Swinhoe

Garrulax Taewanus Swinhoe, 1859, Journ. North-China
Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 1, p. 228 — Formosa.

Formosa.
GARRULAX SANNIO

Garrulax sannio albosuperciliaris Godwin-Austen
Garrulax albo-superciliaris Godwin-Austen, 1874, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 45 — near Kaibi, Manipur.

Hill tracts of eastern Assam (Naga Hills and Manipur).

Garrulax sannio comis Deignan
Garrulax sannio comis Deignan, 1952, Postilla, Yale Univ.,
no. 11, p. 8 — Likiang Plain, Yunnan.

Northeastern Burma from Kachin State southward to
Southern Shan State; southeastern Hsikang; Yunnan;

370 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

northern Laos; northernmost Annam; Tongking (west of
the Black River-Red River divide).

-=-- Garrulax sannio sannio Swinhoe
Garrulax sannio Swinhoe, 1867, Ibis, p. 403 — Interior
of Fukien.
Tongking (except area occupied by comis); Kwangsi;
Kwangtung; Fukien; Kiangsi; northeastern Hunan.

Garrulax sannio oblectans Deignan
Garrulax sannio oblectans Deignan, 1952, Postilla, Yale
Univ., no. 11, p. 3 — near Ipin, Szechwan.
Southwestern Hupeh, northern Kweichow, and Szechwan.

GARRULAX CACHINNANS

Garrulax cachinnans jerdoni Blyth
Garrulax (?) Jerdoni Blyth, 1851, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 20, p. 522 — southern India; type from Balasore
Peak, ‘a high hill at the edge of the Ghats separating
Malabar from the Wynaad,” fide Jerdon, 1863, Birds
India, 2, p. 50.
Known only from type locality and near-by Brahmagiri
Hills in Coorg.

—— Garrulax cachinnans cachinnans Jerdon ~ ©: ‘7

C[rateropus]. cachinnaus (sic) Jerdon, 1839, Madras
Journ, Lit. Sci., 10; p. 255, pl. 7 — Nileiri Hills:

Crat[eropus|. Delessertii Lafresnaye, 1840, Rev. Zool.
[Paris], 3, p. 65 —Nilgiri Plateau. Not Crateropus
delesserti Jerdon, 1839 = Garrulax delesserti delesserti
(Jerdon).

2? Trochalopterum cinnamomeum Davison, 1886, Ibis, p.
204 — unknown locality.

Nilgiri Hills, southern India.

__— Garrulax cachinnans fairbanki (Blanford)
Trochalopteron Fairbanki Blanford, 1869, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 38, p. 175, pl. 17a — Palni Hills, southern
India.
Palni and Anaimalai Hills and the High Range of Kerala
southward to, but not including, the Achankovil Gap, south-
ern India.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 371

Garrulax cachinnans meridionalis (Blanford)

Trochalopterum meridionale Blanford, 1880, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 49, p. 142 — southern Kerala; type speci-
men from the Tirunelveli boundary, fide Sharpe, 1883,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 375.

Hill tracts of southern Kerala southward from the Achan-

kovil Gap.
GARRULAX LINEATUS
Garrulax lineatus bilkevitchi (Zarudny)

Trochalopteron (Janthocincla) lineatum bilkevitcht Za-
rudny, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 188 — mountains
near Kulyab, southeastern Tadzhikistan.

Ianthocincla lineatum [sic] ziaratensis Ticehurst, 1920,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 41, p. 55 — Ziarat (42 miles ENE.
of Quetta), West Pakistan.

Tadzhikistan, eastern Afghanistan, and northwestern

West Pakistan.

— Garrulax lineatus gilgit (Hartert)
Tanthocincla lineatum [sic] gilgit Hartert, 1909, Vog. pal.
Fauna, p. 686 — Gilgit, northwestern Kashmir.
Northeastern West Pakistan.

——Garrulax lineatus lineatus (Vigors)

Cinclosoma lineatum Vigors, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool.
Soc. London, pt. 1, p. 56— Himalayas; restricted to
“N.W. Himalayas,” by Hume, 1875, Stray Feathers, 3,
p. 396, and further restricted to “the district Simla-
Almora,” by Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471.

Ianthocincla lineatum [sic] grisescentior Hartert, 1909,
Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 686 — Simla, Himachal Pradesh.

Himalayas from central Kashmir southeastward to north-

western Uttar Pradesh.

Garrulax lineatus setafer (Hodgson)
Cinc[losoma]. setafer Hodgson, 18386, Asiat. Res., 19, p.
148 — Nepal.
Nepal, Sikkim, and Darjeeling District of West Bengal.

Garrulax lineatus imbricatus Blyth
G[arrulax]. imbricatus Blyth, 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 12, p. 951 — Bhutan.
Bhutan and southeastern Tibet.

372 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GARRULAX VIRGATUS
— Garrulax virgatus (Godwin-Austen) =< ©»
Trochalopteron virgatum Godwin-Austen, 1874, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 46 — Razami, Naga Hills, Assam.
Trochalopteron virgatum querulum Koelz, 1952, Journ.
Zool. Soc. India, 4, p. 8388— Hmuntha, Lushai Hills,
Assam.
Hill tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and
southwestern Burma (Chin Hills).

hy

GARRULAX AUSTENI : oe
Garrulax austeni austeni (Godwin-Austen) / 27 \ <7 “/
Trochalopteron Austeni “Jerdon’” Godwin-Austen, 1870,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 39, pt. 2, p. 105 — Hengdang
Peak, principal trigonometrical station of observation
at head of the Jhiri River, Barail Range, Assam.
Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra.

~Garrulax austeni victoriae (Rippon)

Ianthocinela victorize Rippon, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
16, p. 47 — Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper
Burma.

Garrulax austeni exvictorix Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p.
509. New name for Janthocincla victoriae Rippon, when
considered congeneric with Babax victoriae Rippon,
1905.

Known only from type locality.

GARRULAX SQUAMATUS
Garrulax squamatus (Gould)

Ianthocincla squamata Gould, 1835, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 3, p. 48 — Himalayas; restricted to Sikkim, by
Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27 (1920),
p. 2438.

Trochalopteron squamatum subsquamatum Koelz, 1952,
Journ. Zool. Soc. India, 4, p. 38 — Pynursla, Khasi
Hills, Assam.

Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Sikkim, Bhutan,
Assam, and northern Burma, to western Yunnan (west of
the Salween), and southeastward through Assam to south-
western Burma (Chin Hills) ; reported from northwestern
Tongking (Chapa).

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 373

GARRULAX SUBUNICOLOR

~—Garrulax subunicolor subunicolor (Blyth)
Tr [ochalopteron]. subunicolor Blyth, 18438, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 952, footnote — Nepal.
Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Sikkim and
Bhutan, to eastern Assam (Mishmi Hills).

~Garrulax subunicolor griseatus (Rothschild)
Ianthocincla subunicolor griseata Rothschild, 1921, Novit.
Zool., 28, p. 883 — Shweli-Salween Divide, Yunnan.
Northeastern Burma (Kachin State) and northwestern
Yunnan.

_— Garrulax subunicolor fooksi Delacour and Jabouille
Garrulax subunicolor fooksi Delacour and Jabouille, 1930,
Oiseau Rev. Frane. Orn., 11, p. 899 — Chapa [lat. 22°
20’ N., long. 103° 50’ E.], Tongking.
Mountains of northwestern Tongking.

GARRULAX ELLIOTII

—_~Garrulax elliotii prjevalskii (Menzbier)
Trochalopteron prjevalskii Menzbier, 1887, Ibis, p. 300 —
Kansu.
Ianthocincla elliotii perbona Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 340 — Liyuanku, northern
slopes of Richthofen Range, northern Kansu.
Kansu and eastern Tsinghai.

~Garrulax elliotii elliotii (Verreaux)

Trochalopteron elliotii J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 36; idem, 1871, zbid., 7,
p. 44 — “les montagnes du Thibet chinois’”’; types from
western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871.

Trochalopteron Bonvaloti Oustalet, 1892, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Zool., sér. 7, 12 (1891), p. 275 — “Tioungeu,” Tibet,
error; corrected to Chatu, near Lamda [lat. 31° 11’ N.,
long. 96° 59’ E.], Hsikang, by Oustalet, 1893, Nouv.
Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], sér. 3, 5, p. 194.

Trochalopterum yunnanense Rippon, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 19, p. 32 — Yangtze River, western Yunnan.

374 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ianthocincla elliotti honoripeta Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. xliv, footnote 1. New name for Trochalop-
teron Bonvaloti Oustalet, 1892, when considered con-
generic with Babax Bonvaloti Oustalet.

Garrulax elliotii exyunnanensis Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis,
p. 510. New name for Trochalopterum yunnanense Rip-
pon, 1906, when considered congeneric with Babax
yunnanensis Rippon.

Southern Shensi, western Hupeh, Szechwan, eastern

Hsikang, and northwestern Yunnan.

GARRULAX HENRICL
Garrulax henrici (Oustalet)

eet, Henrici Oustalet, 1892, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Zool., sér. 7, 12 (1891), p. 274— “So,” Tibet, error;
types from One and Sutu, Hsikang, fide Oustalet, 1893,
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], sér. 3, 5, p. 196.

Garrulax tibetanus Dresser, 1905 (Jan. 24), Abstr. Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, no. 18, p. 2— Tibet; idem, 1905
(June), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 54, pl. 5, fig. 2 —
near the Chaksam Ferry [lat. 29° 15’ N., long. 90° 32’
E.], Tsangpo Valley, Tibet.

Southeastern Tibet and southwestern Hsikang.

GARRULAX AFFINIS
Garrulax affinis affinis Blyth

GLarrulax]. affinis Blyth (ex Hodgson MS), 1848, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 950 — Nepal; restricted to
East Nepal, by Rand, 1953, Nat. Hist. Misc. [Chicago],
no. 116, p. 2, and corrected to Central Nepal, by Rand
and Fleming, 1956, Fieldiana Zool. [Chicago], 39, p. 3.

Garrulax affinis flemingi Rand, 1953, Nat. Hist. Misc.
[Chicago], no. 116, p. 2—Lete [ca. lat. 28° 40’ N.,
long. 83° 40’ W.], Nepal.

Western and central Nepal.

— Garrulax affinis bethelae Rand and Fleming

Garrulaxz affinis bethelae Rand and Fleming, 1956, Fieldi-
ana Zool. [Chicago], 39, p. 2— Thangii [= Thangu],
14,000 ft., Sikkim.

Himalayas from eastern Nepal to eastern Bhutan.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 375

—~ Garrulax affinis oustaleti (Hartert)
Ianthocincla affinis oustaleti Hartert, 1909, Vogel pal.
Fauna, p. 633 — Tzeku, Yunnan.
Southwestern Hsikang, northeastern Assam (Mishmi
Hills), northeastern Burma (Kachin State), and northwest-
ern Yunnan (valleys of the Salween and Mekong).

Garrulax affinis muliensis Rand
Garrulax affinis muliensis Rand, 1953, Nat. Hist. Misc.
[Chicago], no. 116, p. 5— Muli [ca. lat. 28° 15’ N.,
long. 100° 50’ E.], Hsikang.
Northwestern Yunnan (valley of the Yangtze) and south-
eastern Hsikang.

—~+Garrulax affinis blythii (Verreaux)
Trochalopteron Blythii J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 87; idem, 1871, ibid., 7,
p. 45 — “les montagnes du Thibet chinois’”’; types from
western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871.1
Mountains of southwestern Szechwan and of adjacent
portion of Hsikang (except area occupied by muliensis).

Garrulax affinis saturatus Delacour and Jabouille
Garrulax affinis saturatus Delacour and Jabouille, 1930,
Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 11, p. 400 — Fan Si Pan [lat.
22° 17’ N., long. 104° 47’ E.], Tongking.
Known only from type locality.

Garrulax affinis morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
Trochalopterum morrisonianum Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 16, p. 120 — Mount Morrison, Formosa.
Highlands of Formosa.

GARRULAX ERYTHROCEPHALUS
_— Garrulax erythrocephalus erythrocephalus (Vigors)
Cinclosoma erythrocephalum Vigors, 1832, Proc. Comm.
Zool. Soc. London, pt. 1 (1831), p. 171 — Himalayas;

1 Rand, 1953, has restricted the type locality to the vicinity of
Muping [= Paohing], Hsikang, but Verreaux, 1871, says that “M. A.
David, qui l’a découverte pour la premiére fois dans la Chine occi-
dentale, nous apprend qu’elle est aussi représentée . . . plus loin a
Vouest, dans les montagnes boisées du Moupin et du Kokonoor.” The
type must, accordingly, have come from within the confines of present-
day Szechwan.

376 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

restricted to “the district Simla-Almora,” by Ticehurst
and Whistler, 1924, Ibis, p. 471, and further restricted
to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Vaurie, 1953, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 73, p. 78.
Himalayas from Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh
southeastward to Kumaun District of Uttar Pradesh.

—Garrulax erythrocephalus kali Vaurie
Garrulax erythrocephalus kali Vaurie, 19538, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 78, p. 78 — Lete, Kali River valley, west-
central Nepal.
Western and central Nepal.

Garrulax erythrocephalus nigrimentum (Oates)

Trochalopterum nigrimentum Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit.
India, Birds, 1, pp. 88 (in key), 91, fig. 27 — “The Hi-
malayas from Nepal to the Daphla hills in Assam”;
inferentially restricted to Sikkim, by Kinnear, 1937,
in Ludlow and Kinnear, Ibis, p. 32.

Sikkim and Bhutan.

Garrulax erythrocephalus imprudens Ripley
Garrulax erythrocephalus imprudens Ripley, 1948, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 102 — Tidding Saddle,
above Dreyi, Mishmi Hills, Assam.
Hill tracts of Assam north and east of the Brahmaputra.

_— Garrulax erythrocephalus chrysopterus (Gould) |
Ianthocincla chrysoptera Gould, 18385, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 3, p. 48 — Himalayas; type characteristic
of population of Khasi Hills, Assam, fide Oates, 1889,
Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, p. 90.
G[arrulax]. ruficapillus Blyth, 1851, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 20, p. 521 — Cherrapunji, Khasi Hills, Assam.
Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra (Khasi
Hills). ;

~ ? Garrulax erythrocephalus godwini (Harington)
Trochalopterum erythrocephalum godwini Harington,
1914, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 33, p. 92 — Hengdan Peak,
Barail Range, Assam.
Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra (Barail
Range) ; doubtfully distinct from erythrolaema.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE SY

_—Garrulax erythrocephalus erythrolaema (Hume)

Trochalopterum erythrolema Hume, 1881, Stray Feathers,
10, p. 158 — near Machi, eastern Manipur.

Trochalopterum holerythrops Rippon, 1904, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 14, p. 88 — Mount Victoria [lat. 21° 15’ N.,
long. 98° 55’ E.], Upper Burma.

Hill tracts of eastern Manipur and southwestern Burma

(Chin Hills and the Arakan Yomas).

Garrulax erythrocephalus woodi (Baker)

Trichalopterum (sic) erathrolema (sic) woodi Baker,
1914 (Nov. 4), Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 35, p. 17 — Loi
Song [lat. 23° 51’ N., long. 97° 49’ E.], Upper Burma.

Trochalopterum erythrocephalum woodi Harington, 1914
(Nov. 20), Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 23, p. 317 —
Loi Song, Upper Burma.

Ianthocincla forresti Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28, p.
35 — Shweli-Salween Divide, Yunnan.

Northeastern Burma (Kachin and Northern Shan States)

and adjacent portion of Yunnan (west of the Salween).

—Garrulax erythrocephalus connectens (Delacour)

Trochalopterum erythrocephalum connectans (sic) Dela-
cour, 1929, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 49, p. 58 — Phu Ke,
near Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19’ N., long. 108° 22’ E.],
Laos.

Garrulax erythrocephalus hendeei Bangs and Van Tyne,
1930, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 18, p. 8 —
Chapa [lat. 22° 20’ N., long. 108° 50’ E.], Tongking.

Mountains of northwestern Tongking and of eastern

northern Laos.

Garrulax erythrocephalus subconnectens Deignan
Garrulax erythrocephalus subconnectens Deignan, 1938,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 51, p. 90 — Doi Phu Kha
fat. 19205’ Nz, lone: 101° 05’ EH... Thailand.
Known only from type locality; specimens from eastern
portion of Southern Shan State of Kengtung should perhaps
be referred here.

Garrulax erythrocephalus schistaceus Deignan
Garrulax erythrocephalus schistaceus Deignan, 1988,

Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 51, p. 89 — Doi Luang
Chiang Dao [lat. 19° 25’ N., long. 98° 55’ E.], Thailand.

378 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Garrulax erythrocephalus shanus de Schauensee, 1946,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 98, p. 110 — Kiu
Loi, ca. 20 miles west of Kengtung, Southern Shan
State, Upper Burma.

Western portion of Southern Shan State of Kengtung

and high mountains of northern portion of northwestern
Thailand (Doi Pha Hom Pok, Doi Luang Chiang Dao).

—— Garrulax erythrocephalus melanostigma Blyth
G[arrulax]. melanostigma Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 24, p. 268 — Mulayit Taung [lat. 16°11’ N.,
long. 98° 32’ E.], Lower Burma.

Southern Shan State of Burma (west of the Salween),
high mountains of northwestern Thailand (except those oc-
cupied by schistaceus), and Amherst District of Tenasserim
(Mulayit Taung).

Garrulax erythrocephalus ramsayi (Ogilvie-Grant)
Trochalopterum ramsayi Ogilvie-Grant, 1904, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 14, p. 92 — Karenni State, Upper Burma.
Karenni State of Burma and Tavoy District of Tenas-
serim (Nwalabo Taung).

__-Garrulax erythrocephalus peninsulae (Sharpe)
Trochalopterum peninsule Sharpe, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 436, pl. 37 — Larut Range, Perak.
High mountains of peninsular Thailand (Nakhon Si
Thammarat Province) and of Malaya from northern Perak
southward to southern Selangor and Pahang.

GARRULAX YERSINI!

~~Garrulax yersini (Robinson and Kloss)

Trochalopteron yersini Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, p.
575 — Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

GARRULAX FORMOSUS

Garrulax formosus formosus (Verreaux)

Trochalopteron formosum J. Verreaux, 1869, Nouv. Arch.
Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 5, p. 35; idem, 1871, «bid., 7,

1 Garrulax erythrocephalus and G. yersini comprise a superspecies.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 379

p. 48, pl. 2, fig. 1 — “‘le Thibet oriental” ; type specimens

from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux, 1871.
Trochalopterum milnii omeiensis (sic) Shaw, 1932, Bull.

Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 3, p. 220 — Omei-shan, Szechwan.
Southwestern Szechwan and northeastern Yunnan.

__— Garrulax formosus greenwayi Delacour and Jabouille We
Garrulax formosus greenwayi Delacour and Jabouille,
1930, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 398 — Fan Si Pan
flat 22° 17’ N.,. long; 104° 47" E.), Tongking:
Known only from type locality.

GARRULAX MILNEI

__— Garrulax milnei sharpei (Rippon)

Trochalopterum sharpei Rippon, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 12, p. 138 — “‘Kauri-Kachin tract, to the east of
Bhamo, and bordering on the south of the Tapeng
River,” Kachin State, Burma.

Ianthocincla lustrabila (sic) Bangs and Phillips, 1914,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 58, p. 285 — Loukouchai, south-
eastern Yunnan.

Trochalopterum milnei indochinensis Delacour, 1927, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 158 — Tam Dao [lat. 21° 27’ N.,
long. 105° 40’ E.], Tongking.

Kachin State of Burma southward, through the Shan
States, to northwestern Thailand; Yunnan; Tongking and
eastern portion of northern Laos. Po

aot tS | we] ae
—Garrulax milnei vitryi Delacour Pp j\oa

Garrulax milni vitryi Delacour, 1932, Oiseau Rev. Franc.
Orn., nouv. sér., 2, p. 424— Phu Kong-Ntul [ca. lat.
15> 23° IN: longs 106°)25" E., Laos:

Southern Laos (Boloven Plateau).

Garrulax milnei sinianus (Stresemann)
Trochalopteron milnei sinianum Stresemann, 1930, Orn.
Monatsb., 38, p. 47 — Ku-chan, Yao Shan, Kwangsi.
Known only from type locality.

__ Garrulax milnei milnei (David)
Trochalopteron Milnei David, 1874, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.,
sér. 5, 19, art. 9, p. 4 — western Fukien.
Mountains of northwestern Fukien.

380 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENUS LIOCICHLA SWINHOE

Liocichla Swinhoe, 1877, Ibis, p. 478. Type, by monotypy,
Liocichla steertti Swinhoe.

cf. Delacour, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 53, pp. 85-88.

LIOCICHLA PHOENICEA
~ Liocichla phoenicea phoenicea (Gould) %
Ianthocincla pheenicea Gould, 1837, Icones Avium, pt. 1,
pl. [8] — Himalayas; inferentially restricted to Nepal,
apud Ripley, 1961, Synops. Birds India Pakistan, p.
396.

Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Sikkim and

Bhutan, to eastern Assam (Mishmi Hills).

_____Liocichla phoenicea bakeri (Hartert)

Trochalopteron pheeniceum bakeri Hartert, 1908, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 23, p. 10 — Laisung, North Cachar,
Assam.

Trochalopteron phoeniceum khasium Koelz, 1952, Journ.
Zool. Soc. London, 4, p. 88 — Laitlyngkot, Khasi Hills,
Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and

northwestern Burma.

— Liocichla phoenicea ripponi (Oates)

Trochalopterum ripponi Oates, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
11, p. 10 — Shan States, Upper Burma; type from Fort
Stedman, Southern Shan State, fide Berlioz, 19380,
Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 11, p. 98.

Eastern Burma from Kachin State southward to Southern
Shan State (west of the Salween) and Karenni State; north-
western Thailand.

—Liocichla phoenicea wellsi (La Touche) ! oy’

Trochalopterum pheniceum wellsi La Touche, 1921, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 15 — Mengtsz [lat. 23° 23’ N.,
long. 103° 27’ E.], Yunnan.

Southern Yunnan; northern Laos; Tongking.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 381

LIOCICHLA STEERII
~ Liocichla (steerii) omeiensis Riley «
Liocichla omeiensis Riley, 1926, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 39, p. 57 — Mount Omei, Szechwan.
Known only from type locality.

— Liocichla (steerii) steerii Swinhoe
Liocichla steeriit Swinhoe, 1877, Ibis, p. 474, pl. 14 —
mountains of southern Formosa.
Highlands of Formosa.

GENUS LEIOTHRIX SWAINSON

Leiothrix Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson,
Fauna Bor.-Am., 2 (1831), pp. 233, 490. Type, by
original designation, Parus furcatus Temminck = Syl-
via lutea Scopoli.

Mesia Hodgson, 1887, India Review, 2 (1838), pp. 34, 88.
Type, by monotypy, Mesia argentauris Hodgson.

LEIOTHRIX ARGENTAURIS
— Leiothrix argentauris argentauris (Hodgson)
[Mesia] Mesia Argentauris Hodgson, 1837, India Review,
2, p. 88 — Nepal.
Himalayas from Garhwal eastward, through Nepal, Sik-
kim, and Bhutan, into Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

Leiothrix argentauris aureigularis (Koelz)

Mesia argentauris aureigularis Koelz, 19538, Journ. Zool.
Soc. India, 4, p. 153— Tura Mountain, Garo Hills,
Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra and south-

western Burma (Chin Hills).

__~—Leiothrix argentauris vernayi (Mayr and Greenway)

Mesia argentauris vernayi Mayr and Greenway, 1938,
Proc. New England Zool. Club, 17, p. 3— Hai Bum,
Patkai Hills, northwestern Burma.

Leiothrix argentauris gertrudis Ripley, 1948, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 61, p. 103 — Dening, Mishmi Hills,
Assam.

Northeastern Assam, northern Burma, and western Yun-

nan (west of the Salween).

382 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

——Leiothrix argentauris galbana (Mayr and Greenway)

Mesia argentauris galbana Mayr and Greenway, 1938,
Proc. New England Zool. Club, 17, p. 3 — Doi Ang Ka
[lat. 18° 35’ N., long. 98° 30’ E.], Thailand.

Shan and Karenni States, eastern Burma; hills of north-

ern Thailand, on the west southward to the Amherst District
of Tenasserim.

Leiothrix argentauris ricketti (La Touche)

Mesia argentauris ricketti La Touche, 19238, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 43, p. 1738 — Szemao, southern Yunnan.
Mesia argentauris rubrogularis Kinnear, 1925, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 45, p. 75 — Ngai Tio [lat. 22° 40’ N., long.
103° 47’ E.], Tongking.
Southeastern Yunnan, Tongking, northern Laos, and
northern Annam.

Leiothrix argentauris cunhaci (Robinson and Kloss)

Mesia argentauris cunhaci Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis,
p. 591 — Dalat [lat. 11°55’ N., long. 108° 26’ Ha;
Annam.

Southern Laos (Boloven Plateau) and southern Annam.

Leiothrix argentauris tahanensis (Yen)

Mesia argentauris tahanensis “Robinson” Yen, 1934, Sci-
ence Journal [College of Science, Sun Yatsen Univer-
sity, Canton] 6, pp. 378 (in key), 379 — Gunong Tahan
[lat. 4° 38’ N., long. 102° 14’ E.], Pahang.?

Mountains of Malay Peninsula from Siamese province

of Nakhon Si Thammarat southward to southern Selangor
and Pahang.

Leiothrix argentauris rookmakeri (Junge)

Mesia argentauris rookmakeri Junge, 1948, Zool. Meded.
Leiden, 29, p. 8325 — Pang Mok, north of Lake Taken-
gon, Acheh district, northwestern Sumatra.

Known only from type locality.

1 This name is sometimes cited from October, 1934, p. 63. Since it
appears on the sixty-third page of Yen’s paper, one may surmise that
separately paged reprints were distributed two months prior to pub-
lication of this number of the Science Journal.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 383

Leiothrix argentauris laurinae Salvadori
Leiothrix lawrinae Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Geno-
va, 14, p. 231 — Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24’ S., long.
LOO? 20’ H.], Sumatra:
Highlands of western Sumatra (except area occupied by
rookmakeri).
LEIOTHRIX LUTEA
Leiothrix lutea kumaiensis Whistler
Leiothrix lutea kumaiensis Whistler, 1943, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 63, p. 62 — Dehra Dun, northwestern Uttar
Pradesh.
Himalayas from East Punjab eastward to northwestern
Uttar Pradesh.

—— Leiothrix lutea calipyga (Hodgson)
[Mesia] Bahila Calipyga Hodgson, 1837, India Review,
2, p. 88 — Nepal.
Himalayas from western Nepal eastward, through Sik-
kim and Bhutan, to eastern Assam.

? Leiothrix lutea luteola Koelz
Liothrix [sic] lutea luteola Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India, 4, p. 39 — Mawryngkneng, Khasi Hills, Assam.
Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra and south-
western Burma (Chin Hills and Arakan Yomas) ; doubtfully
distinct from calipyga.

/ _-— Leiothrix lutea yunnanensis Rothschild
Leiothrix luteus [sic] yunnanensis Rothschild, 1921, No-
vit. Zool., 28, p. 836 — Shweli-Salween Divide, western
Yunnan.
Northeastern Burma, northwestern Yunnan, and south-
eastern Hsikang.

_—— Leiothrix lutea kwangtungensis Stresemann
Leiothriz lutea kwangtungensis Stresemann, 1923, Journ.
f. Orn., 71, p. 864 — Siuhang, Kwangtung.
Southeastern Yunnan, northeastern Tongking, Kwangsi,
and Kwangtung.

_— Leiothrix lutea lutea (Scopoli)
Sylvia (lutea) Scopoli, 1786, Del. Flor. Fauna. Insubr.,
fasc. 2, p. 96—China, ex Sonnerat; restricted to

384 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

mountains of Anhwei, by Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f.
Orn., 71, p. 364.
Hill tracts of Fukien and Chekiang and valley of the Yang-
tze from Anhwei westward to Szechwan.

? Leiothrix (lutea?) astleyi Delacour

Liothrix [sic] astleyi Delacour, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 41, p. 115 — “China.”’
Known only from aviary specimens; range and systematic
status uncertain.

GENUS CUTIA HoDGSON

Cutia Hodgson, 1837, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 5 (1836),
p. 772. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Cutia nipalensis Hodgson.

CUTIA NIPALENSIS

— Cutia nipalensis nipalensis Hodgson

[Cutia] Nipalensis Hodgson, 1837, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 5 (1836), p. 774 — Nepal.

Cutia nipalensis nagaensis Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Re-
gional Explor., no. 1, p. 9 — Kohima, Naga Hills, As-
sam.

Himalayas from Nepal eastward to eastern Assam, both

north and south of the Brahmaputra; western Burma (Chin
Hills).

Cutia nipalensis melanchima Deignan
Cutia nipalensis melanchima Deignan, 1947, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 37, p. 105—Khao Pha Cho [lat.
19° 00’ N., long. 99° 25’ E..], Thailand.
Eastern Burma from Kachin State southward through
Shan States to Karenni; northwestern Thailand; northern
Laos; northwestern Tongking.

Cutia nipalensis cervinicrissa Sharpe
Cutia cervinicrissa Sharpe, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 276 — Gunong Batu Puteh, Perak.
Highlands of Malaya from southern Perak to southern
Selangor.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 385

——Cutia nipalensis legalleni Robinson and Kloss
Cutia nipalensis legalleni Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis,
p. 588 — Lang Bian Peaks [ca. lat. 12° 02’ N., long.
108° 26’ E.], Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

GENUS PTERUTHIUS SWAINSON

Pteruthius Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson,
Fauna Bor.-Am., 2 (1831), p. 491. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Lanius erythropterus Gould,
1.e., Vigors = Pteruthius flaviscapis validirostris Koelz.

Allotrius Temminck, 1835, PI. col., livr. 99, pl. 589. Type,
by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen.
Subgen. Birds, p. 54), Allotrius aenobarbus Temminck.

Ptererythrius vel Pterythrius Strickland, 1841, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 29. Nomina emendata.

Aenopogon “‘Agass.” Fitzinger, 1863 (subgenus of ‘“Ptery-
thrius Cab.,” 1.e., Pteruthius Swainson), Sitzungsb.
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., 46, p. 196.
Type, by monotypy, Allotrius aenobarbus Temminck.

Hilarocichla Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, p.
243. Type, by monotypy, Pteruthius rufiventer Blyth.

PTERUTHIUS RUFIVENTER

-Pteruthius rufiventer rufiventer Blyth
Pt[eruthius]. rufiventer Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 11, p. 188 — no locality ; Darjeeling, West Ben-
gal, apud Baker.
Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Bhutan, Assam,
and northern Burma, into Yunnan.

Pteruthius rufiventer delacouri Mayr
Pteruthius rufiventer delacouri Mayr, 1941, in Stanford
and Mayr, Ibis, p. 96 — Loquiho, Fan Si Pan [lat. 22°
17’ N., long. 104° 47’ E.], Tongking.
Known only from type locality.

PTERUTHIUS FLAVISCAPIS

— Pteruthius flaviscapis validirostris Koelz
Lanius erythropterus Vigors, 18381, Proc. Comm, Zool.

386 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Soc. London, pt. 1 (1880-1831), p. 22 — Himalayas;
restricted to Murree, Rawalpindi, West Pakistan, by
Baker, 1922, Fauna British India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, p.
331. Not Lanius erythropterus Shaw, 1809.

Pteruthius erythropterus validirostris Koelz, 1951, Journ.
Zool. Soc. India, 3, p. 28 — Kohima, Naga Hills, Assam.

Pteruthius erythropterus nocrecus Koelz, 1952, Journ.
Zool. Soc. India, 4, p. 40 — Tura Mountain, Garo Hills,
Assam.

Pteruthius erythropterus glauconotus Koelz, 1954, Con-
trib. Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 9 — Sangau, Lu-
shai Hills, Assam.

Pteruthius validirostris ripleyi Biswas, 1960, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 80, p. 106. New name for Lanius erythrop-
terus Vigors, preoccupied.

Himalayas from northern West Pakistan eastward,
through Nepal and Bhutan, to eastern Assam, and south-
eastward through Assam to hill tracts of northwestern Bur-
ma (southward to Chin Hills).

~-Pteruthius flaviscapis ricketti Ogilvie-Grant
Pterythius [sic] ricketti Ogilvie-Grant, 1904, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 14, p. 92 — Fukien and southern Yunnan.
Pteruthius erythropterus yunnanensis Ticehurst, 1937,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 57, p. 147 — Shweli-Salween
Divide, western Yunnan.

Northeastern Burma and northwestern Yunnan; south-
western Szechwan; Fukien; Kwangsi, southeastern Yun-
nan, Tongking, northern Annam, northern Laos, and eastern
portion of northern Thailand.

—— Pteruthius flaviscapis annamensis Robinson and Kloss”
Pterythius [sic] xralatus annamensis Robinson and Kloss,
1919, Ibis, p. 589 — Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

Pteruthius flaviscapis aeralatus Blyth

Pteruthius xralatus ‘“Tickell”’ Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 24, p. 267 — mountainous interior of the
Tenasserim provinces, Lower Burma.

Shan and Karenni States of eastern Burma and hills of

northwestern Thailand southward to Amherst District of

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 387

Tenasserim; specimens from mountains of western Cam-
bodia have been referred here.

Pteruthius flaviscapis schauenseei Deignan
Pteruthius erythropterus schauenseet Deignan, 1946,
Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 36, p. 428 — Khao Lu-
ang [lat. 8° 30’ N., long. 99° 45’ E.], Thailand.
Mountains of Siamese portion of Malay Peninsula, south
of Isthmus of Kra.

__ Pteruthius flaviscapis cameranoi Salvadori

Pteruthius cameranoi Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 14, p. 232 — Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24’ S.,
long. 100° 20’ E.], Sumatra.

Pteruthius flaviscapis leuser Chasen, 1939, Treubia, 17, p.
205— Mount Leuser, Acheh district, northwestern
Sumatra.

Highlands of Malaya from southern Perak southward to

southern Selangor; highlands of western Sumatra.

— Pteruthius flaviscapis flaviscapis (Temminck)
Allotrius flaviscapis Temminck, 18385, Pl. col., livr. 99, pl.
589, fig. 1 — Java and Sumatra; restricted to Java.
Highlands of Java.

_—— Pteruthius flaviscapis robinsoni Chasen and Kloss

Pteruthius flaviscapis robinsoni Chasen and Kloss, 1931,
Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 5, p. 86— Kina Balu, North
Borneo.

Highlands of northern Borneo.

PTERUTHIUS XANTHOCHLORUS
—Pteruthius xanthochlorus occidentalis Harington
Pterythius [sic] xanthochloris [sic] occidentalis Haring-
ton, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 33, p. 82 — Dehra Dun,

northwestern Uttar Pradesh.
Himalayas from East Punjab eastward to western Nepal.

— Pteruthius xanthochlorus xanthochlorus Gray
Pteruthius xanthochlorus [“Hodgs.”] J. E. Gray, 1846,
Cat. Mamm. and Birds Nepal Thibet, p. 155 — Nepal.
Himalayas from central Nepal eastward, through Sikkim
and Bhutan, into Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

388 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

——Pteruthius xanthochlorus hybridus Harington
Pterythius [sic] pallidus hybrida [sic] Harington, 1918,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 33, p. 52— Mount Victoria,
Southern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.
Assam (Lushai and Naga Hills) ; Burma (Chin Hills).

— Pteruthius xanthochlorus pallidus (David)

Allotrius xanthochloris [sic] Hodgs., var. pallidus David,
1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. [Paris], 7, p. 14 —
“Kokonoor” = northwestern Szechwan.

Allotrius sophiwx J. Verreaux, 1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist. Nat. [Paris], 7, p. 64— “Kokonoor” = north-
western Szechwan.

Pteruthius «xanthochloris [sic] obscurus Stresemann,
1925, Orn. Monatsb., 33, p. 59 — Fukien.

Northeastern Burma; southeastern Hiskang; western

Szechwan; northwestern and southeastern Yunnan; north-
western Fukien.

PTERUTHIUS MELANOTIS

“S Pteruthius melanotis melanotis Hodgson
Pt[eruthius]. melanotis Hodgson, 1847, in Blyth, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 448 —the Terai, at base of
southeastern Himalayas; type from Nepal, fide Gadow,
1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 118.
Pteruthius melanotis melanops Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool.
Soe. India, 4, p. 40 — Kohima, Naga Hills, Assam.
Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Bhutan, Assam
(both north and south of the Brahmaputra), and northern
Burma, to northwestern Yunnan, in eastern Burma south-
ward, through Shan States, to Karenni; southeastern Yun-
nan, northwestern Tongking, northern Annam, Laos, and
eastern portion of northern plateau of Thailand.

Pteruthius melanotis tahanensis Hartert
Pteruthius tahanensis Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p.
576 — Gunong Tahan [lat. 4° 38’ N., long. 102° 14’ E.],
Pahang.
‘Highlands of Malaya from southern Perak southward to
southern Selangor and northern Pahang.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 389

PTERUTHIUS AENOBARBUS

Pteruthius aenobarbus aenobarbulus Koelz
Pteruthius aenobarbus aenobarbulus Koelz, 1954, Contrib.
Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 9 — Nokrek, Garo Hills,
Assam.
Known only from unique type.

_— Pteruthius aenobarbus intermedius (Hume)

Allotrius intermedius Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, pp.
112, 115—central Tenasserim hills; type specimen
from Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, fide Hume,
1878, in Hume and Davison, ibid., 6, p. 370.

Pterythius [sic] xnobarbus laotianus Delacour, 1927,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 162— Chiang Khwang
Mat. 19°19" N. lone. 103°°227 1, aos:

Eastern Burma from Kachin State southward to Southern
Shan and Karenni States; hills of northwestern Thailand
southward to Amherst District of Tenasserim; Laos and
northwestern Tongking.

Pteruthius aenobarbus yaoshanensis Stresemann
Pteruthius aenobarbus yaoshanensis Stresemann, 1929,
Orn. Monatsb., 37, p. 140 — Yao Shan, Kwangsi.
Known only from type locality.

Pteruthius aenobarbus indochinensis Delacour
Pterythius [sic] «enobarbus indochinensis Delacour, 1927,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 163 — Jirinh [lat. 11° 31’
N., long. 108° 01’ E.], Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

__ Pteruthius aenobarbus aenobarbus (Temminck)
Allotrius enobarbus Temminck, 1835, Pl. col., livr. 99,
pl. 589, fig. 2 — Java.
Highlands of western Java.

GENUS GAMPSORHYNCHUS BLYTH

Gampsorhynchus Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
13, p. 370. Type, by monotypy, Gampsorhynchus rufulus
Blyth.

390 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GAMPSORHYNCHUS RUFULUS

Gampsorhynchus rufulus rufulus Blyth

Glampsorhynchus]. rufulus Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiats
Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 371 — Darjeeling, West Bengal;
types from Arakan, Lower Burma, fide Finn, 1901, List
Birds Indian Mus., pt. 1, pp. 53-54.

Gampsorhynchus rufulus ahomensis Koelz, 1954, Contrib.
Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 4 — Nichuguard, Naga
Hills, Assam.

Lower hills from Sikkim eastward, through Bhutan and

Assam, to northeastern Burma, and southeastward through
Assam to southwestern Burma.

_—-Gampsorhynchus rufulus torquatus Hume

Gampsorhynchus torquatus Hume, 1874, Proc. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, no. 5, p. 107 —no locality ; type specimen from
“the banks of the Younzaleen below the Pine forests
in the Salween district,’”’ Tenasserim, fide Hume, 1874,
Stray Feathers, 2, p. 446.

Gampsorhynchus rufulus lucie Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 47, p. 16 — Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19’ N.,
long. 103° 22’ E.], Laos.

Southeastern Burma from Karenni State southward to
central Tenasserim; southwestern Thailand (Kanchanaburi
Province) ; northern Thailand (except Chiang Rai Prov-
ince) and northwestern portion of eastern plateau of Thai-
land; Tongking, central and southern Laos, southern An-
nam, and northern Cochin China.

_.Gampsorhynchus rufulus saturatior Sharpe
Gampsorhynchus saturatior Sharpe, 1888, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, p. 273 — Gunong Batu Puteh, Perak.
Highlands of Malaya from southern Perak southward to
southern Selangor.

GENUS ACTINODURA GOULD

Actinodura Gould, 1886 (May), Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 4, p. 17. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Actinodura egertoni Gould.

Sibia Hodgson, 18386 (post June), Asiat. Res., 19, p. 145.
Type, by monotypy, Cinclosoma ? nipalense Hodgson.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 391

Ixops “Hodgson” Blyth, 1843, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
12, p. 948. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Cinclosoma ? nipalense Hodgson.

Leiocincla Blyth, 1848, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p.
958. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Leio-
cincla plumosa Blyth = Actinodura egertont Gould.

Actinura Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. Zool. Index Univ., p. 7.
Nomen emendatum

ACTINODURA EGERTONI

____ Actinodura egertoni egertoni Gould
Actinodura Egertoni Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 4, p. 18 — Nepal.
Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Sikkim and
Bhutan, into Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

Actinodura egertoni lewisi Ripley
Actinodura egertoni lewisi Ripley, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 61, p. 105 — Dreyi, Mishmi Hills, Assam.
Northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills).

____ Actinodura egertoni khasiana (Godwin-Austen)

Al[ctinura]. khasiana Godwin-Austen, 1876, Asiat. Me
Bengal, 45, p. 76 — Khasi Hills, Assam.

Actinodura egertoni montivaga Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 7— Kohima, Naga Hills,
Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra.

_— Actinodura egertoni ripponi Ogilvie-Grant and La Touche
Actinodura ripponi Ogilvie-Grant and La Touche, 1907,
Ibis, p. 186 — Mount Victoria [lat. 21° 15’ N., long. 93°
55’ E.], Upper Burma.
Hill tracts of southwestern Burma (Chin Hills and Ara-
kan Yoma); birds from northern half of Burma referred
here need reconsideration.

ACTINODURA RAMSAYI

——Actinodura ramsayi yunnanensis Bangs and Phillips

Actinodura ramsayi yunnanensis Bangs and Phillips,
1914, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 58, p. 288 — Loukouchai,
southeastern Yunnan.

392 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Actinodura ramsayi minor Kinnear, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 45, p. 74 — Ngai Tio [lat. 22° 40’ N., long. 103°
47’ E.], Tongking.

Actinodura ramsayi kinneari Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 47, p. 162 — Tam Dao [lat. 21° 27’ N., long.
105° 38’ E.], Tongking.

Mountains of southeastern Yunnan and Tongking.

Actinodura ramsayi radcliffei Harington
Actinodura radcliffei Harington, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 27, p. 9 — “Ruby Mines District” [= Katha Dis-
trict, Sagaing Division, Upper Burma].
Northern Shan State, eastern portion of Southern Shan
State (?), and northern Laos.

— ~Actinodura ramsayi ramsayi (Walden)

Actinura Ramsayi Walden, 1875, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 4, 15, p. 402 — Karenni State, Upper Burma; type
from Kyebogyi [lat. 19° 21’ N., long. 97° 14’ E.], fide
Ramsay, 1881, Orn. Works Arthur, Ninth Marquis
Tweeddale, p. 415, footnote.

Western portion of Southern Shan State and Karenni

State of Burma; northwestern Thailand.

ACTINODURA NIPALENSIS

~ Actinodura nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgson) Ne
Cinclosoma ? Nipalensis Hodgson, 1836, Asiat. Res., 19, p.
145 — Nepal; restricted to Kathmandu Valley, by Rip-
ley, 1950, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 63, p. 104.
Western and central Nepal.

=

~Actinodura nipalensis vinctura Ripley ay
Actinodura nipalensis vinctura Ripley, 1950, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 63, p. 104 — Mangalbare, Dhankuta
District, eastern Nepal.
Eastern Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan.

ACTINODURA WALDENI

Actinodura waldeni daflaensis (Godwin-Austen)

Actinura daflaensis Godwin-Austen, 1875, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, 16, p. 340 — Dafla Hills, Assam.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 393

Hill tracts of Assam north of the Brahmaputra (Miri and
Dafla Hills).

_— Actinodura waldeni waldeni Godwin-Austen
Actinodura waldeni Godwin-Austen, 1874, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, p. 46, pl. 12 — Mount Japvo, Naga Hills,
Assam.
Hill tracts of southeastern Assam (Naga Hills and Mani-
pur); northwestern Burma.

_—Actinodura waldeni poliotis (Rippon)
Ixops poliotis Rippon, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 15,
p. 97 — Mount Victoria [lat. 21° 15’ N., long. 93° 55’
E.], Upper Burma.
Known only from type locality.

Actinodura waldeni saturatior (Rothschild)
Ixops poliotis saturatior Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28,
p. 88 — Shweli-Salween Divide, western Yunnan.
Actinodura nipalensis wardi Kinnear, 1932, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 53, p. 79 — Adung Valley [lat. 28° 10’ E.,
long. 97° 40’ E.], Upper Burma.
Northeastern Burma (Kachin State) and northwestern
Yunnan.

ACTINODURA SOULIEI

Actinodura souliei souliei Oustalet
Actinodura Souliei Oustalet, 1897, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, 3, p. 164 — Tzeku, northwestern Yunnan.
Northwestern Yunnan.

_. Actinodura souliei griseinucha Delacour and Jabouille
Actinodura souliet griseinucha Delacour and Jabouille,
1930, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 403 — Fan Si Pan
[lat. 22° 17’ N., long. 104° 47’ E.], Tongking.
Northwestern Tongking.

ACTINODURA MORRISONIANA

ap

___ Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant Z
Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 16, p. 119 — Mount Morrison, Formosa.
Highlands of Formosa.

394 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENUS MINLA HoDGSON

Minla Hodgson, 1837 (Apr.), India Review, 2, p. 32. Type,
by original designation, Minla ignotincta Hodgson.

Siva Hodgson, 1837 (May), India Review, 2, p. 88. (Sub-
genus of Mesia Hodgson.) Type, by subsequent desig-
nation (G. R. Gray, 1841, List. Gen. Birds, ed. 2, p. 45),
Mesia (Siva) cyanouroptera Hodgson.

MINLA CYANOUROPTERA

__- Minla cyanouroptera cyanouroptera (Hodgson)

Siva Cyanouroptera Hodgson, 1838, India Review, 2
(1837), p. 88 — Nepal.

Leiothrix lepida McClelland, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 7, p. 162 — Assam.

Siva cyanouroptera thalia Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Re-
gional Explor., no. 1, p. 8— Maoflang, Khasi Hills,
Assam.

Siva cyanouroptera rama Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Re-
gional Explor., no. 1, p. 8—near Nokrek, Garo Hills,
Assam.

Himalayas from northwestern Uttar Pradesh, through

Nepal and Sikkim, to Bhutan and hill tracts of eastern As-
sam (both north and south of the Brahmaputra).

Minla cyanouroptera aglae (Deignan)

Siva cyanouroptera aglaé Deignan, 1942, Notulae Naturae
[Philadelphia], no. 100, p. 1 — Mount Victoria, South-
ern Chin Hills, Upper Burma.

Hill tracts of southeastern Assam and western Burma.

Minla cyanouroptera sordida (Hume)

Siva sordida Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 104—
Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° 11’ N., long. 98° 32’ E.], Tenas-
serim.

Siva cyanuroptera oatesi Harington, 19138, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 33, p. 62 — Byingye Taung [lat. 20° 01’ N., long.
96° 26’ E.], Upper Burma.

Southern Shan State (west of the Salween), Karenni,

northwestern Thailand, and central Tenasserim (Mulayit
Taung).

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 395

— Minla cyanouroptera wingatei (Ogilvie-Grant)

Siva wingatei Ogilvie-Grant, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
10, p. 88 — near Kunming, Yunnan.

Siva cyanouroptera yaoshanica Hachisuka, 1941, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 54, p. 50 — ‘Most probably
Yaoshan, N. E. of Nanning,” Kwangsi.

Northeastern Burma (Kachin and Northern Shan States
and Southern Shan State east of the Salween), northeastern
portion of northern plateau of Thailand, northern Laos,
northern Annam, Tongking, Kwangsi, and the whole of
Yunnan.

Minla cyanouroptera croizati Deignan
Minla cyanouroptera croizati Deignan, 1958, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 71, p. 162 — Ipin [Suifu], Szechwan.
Known only from type locality.

Minla cyanouroptera rufodorsalis (Engelbach)

Siva cyanouroptera rufodorsalis Engelbach, 1946, Oiseau
Rev. Franc. Orn., nouv. sér., 16, p. 61 — mountains of
the Cardomoms, southwestern Cambodia.

Mountains of southeastern Thailand (?) and southwestern

Cambodia.

- Minla cyanouroptera orientalis (Robinson and Kloss) ;
Siva sordida orientalis Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, p.
587 — Lang Bian Peaks [ca. lat. 12° 02’ N., long. 108°
26’ E.], Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

Minla cyanouroptera sordidior (Sharpe)
Siva sordidior Sharpe, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
276 — Batang Padang Mountains, Perak.
Mountains of peninsular Thailand (Surat Thani and
Nakhon Si Thammarat Provinces) and highlands of Malaya
from northern Perak to southern Selangor.

MINLA STRIGULA
__Minla strigula simlaensis (Meinertzhagen)

Siva strigula simlaensis Meinertzhagen, 1926, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 46, p. 128 — Simla, Himachal Pradesh.
Himalayas from East Punjab eastward to western Nepal.

396 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Minla strigula strigula (Hodgson)
[Mesia] Siva Strigula Hodgson, 1837, India Review, 2,
p. 89 — Nepal.
Himalayas from central Nepal eastward, through Bhu-
tan and Assam (north of the Brahmaputra), as far as the
Abor Hills.

? Minla strigula cinereigenae (Ripley)

Siva strigula cinereigenae Ripley, 1952, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 50, p. 500 — Mount Japvo, Barail Hills,
Assam.

Known only from type locality; doubtfully distinct from

yunnanensis.

|
/

Minla strigula yunnanensis (Rothschild)
Siva strigula yunnanensis Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool.,
28, p. 40 — Likiang Range, northwestern Yunnan.
Siva strigula victoris Meinertzhagen, 1926, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 46, p. 128 — Mount Victoria, Southern Chin
Hills, Upper Burma.
Hill tracts of eastern Assam and western Burma east-
ward, through northern Burma and Yunnan, to northwest-
ern Tongking and eastern portion of northern Laos.

_____Minla strigula castanicauda (Hume)
Siva castanicauda Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 100
— Mulayit Taung [lat. 16°11’ N., long. 98° 32’ E.],
Tenasserim.
Hills of Karenni, northern Tenasserim, and northwestern
Thailand.

Minla strigula malayana (Hartert)
Siva strigula malayana Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p.
567 — Gunong Tahan, Pahang.
Siva strigula omissa Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28,
p. 40 — Gunong Kerbau, Perak.
Highlands of Malaya from northern Perak southward to
southern Selangor and Pahang.

MINLA IGNOTINCTA
_-Minla ignotincta ignotincta Hodgson

Minla Ignotincta Hodgson, 1837, India Review, 2, p. 32
— Nepal.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 397

Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Assam and
northern Burma, to northwestern Yunnan, and southward
through hill tracts of Assam and Burma to Chin Hills and
Karenni.

—Minla ignotincta mariae La Touche
Minla ignotincta marise La Touche, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 42, p. 30 — Milati, southeastern Yunnan.
Southeastern Yunnan and northwestern Tongking.

Minla ignotincta sini Stresemann
Minla ignotincta sini Stresemann, 1929, Journ. f. Orn.,
77, pp. 325 (in list), 333 — Yao Shan, Kwangsi.
Known only from type locality.

—— Minla ignotincta jerdoni Verreaux =~

Minla jerdoni J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 38; idem, 1871, zbid., 7, p. 52; idem,
STZ. t0id.; 8, Dl. Z, fig. 1 — “‘les montagnes du Thibet
chinois’”’; type from Chengtu, Szechwan, fide Verreaux,
1871.

Southwestern Szechwan.

GENUS ALCIPPE BLYTH

Alcippe Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, pp.
370, 384. Type, by original designation, Thimalia poioi-
cephala Jerdon.

Scheniparus Anonymous = Hume, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2
p. 449. Type, by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1883,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 606), Minla rufogularis
Mandelli.

Fulvetta David and Oustalet, 1877, Oiseaux Chine, p. 220.
Type, by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1883, Cat.
Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 628), Siva cinereiceps J. Ver-
reaux.

Sittiparus Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, pp.
131 (in key), 171. Type, by original designation, Minla
cinerea Blyth. Not Sittiparus Selys-Longchamps, 1884,
Aves.

Lioparus Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, pp. 131
(in key), 174. Type, by original designation, Lioparus
chrysaeus Oates = Proparus chrysotis Blyth.

398 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pseudominla Oates, 1894, Ibis, p. 480. New name for Sitti-
parus Oates, preoccupied.

Semiparus Hellmayr, 1901, Journ. f. Orn., 49, p. 171. New
name for Sittiparus Oates, preoccupied.

Proparoides Bianchi, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 12, p. 55.
New name for Sittiparus Oates, preoccupied.

Alcippornis Oberholser, 1922, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 74 (2),
p. 1. New name for “Alcippe Auct. nec Blyth’; type,
by original designation, Alcippe cinerea Blyth, nec
Eyton = Hyloterpe brunneicauda Salvadori = Alcippe
brunneicauda brunneicauda (Salvadori).

Pseudoalcippe Bannerman, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44,
p. 26. Type, by original designation, Turdinus atriceps
Sharpe.

ALCIPPE CHRYSOTIS

_-Alcippe chrysotis chrysotis (Blyth)

Pr[oparus]. chrysotis “Hodgson” Blyth, 1845, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13 (1844), p. 938 —no locality =
Nepal, ex Hodgson.

Lioparus chrysxus Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds,
1, p. 174 — “Nepal and Sikhim; the Daphla and Eastern
Naga hills; Manipur.” Based upon P[roparus]. ?
chrysxeus Hodgson, 1844, a nomen nudum.

Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Sikkim and

Bhutan, to eastern Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

Alcippe chrysotis albilineata (Koelz)
Lioparus chrysotis albilineatus Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 7 — Karong, Manipur.
Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra.

——— Alcippe chrysotis forresti (Rothschild)
Fulvetta chrysotis forresti Rothschild, 1926, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 46, p. 64 — Shweli-Salween Divide, Yunnan.
Northeastern Burma and northwestern Yunnan.

~~ Alcippe chrysotis amoena (Mayr)

Fulvetta chrysotis amena Mayr, 1941, in Stanford and
Mayr, Ibis, p. 81 — Fan Si Pan [lat. 22° 17’ N., long.
104° 47’ E.], Tongking.

Northwestern Tongking.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 399

— Alcippe chrysotis swinhoii (Verreaux)

Proparus swinhouw J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 38; idem, 1871, ibid., 7, p. 51;
idem, 1872, ibid., 8, pl. 2, fig. 2— “les montagnes du
Thibet chinois”’; types from western Szechwan and
Muping [= Paohing], fide Verreaux, 1871.

Southeastern Hsikang and southwestern Szechwan.

ALCIPPE VARIEGATICEPS

Alcippe variegaticeps Yen
Alcippe variegaticeps Yen, 1932, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, sér. 2, 4, p. 383 — Yaoshan, Kwangsi.
Known only from type locality.

ALCIPPE CINEREA

_—. Alcippe cinerea (Blyth)

Minla cinerea Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16,
p. 449 — Darjeeling, West Bengal.

Alcippe Delacouri Yen, 1935, Science Journ. [College of
Science, Sun Yatsen Univer. Canton], 6, p. 706. New
name for Minla cinerea Blyth, considered preoccupied
by “‘Alcippe cinerea’ Blyth, 1844.

Himalayas from Nepal through Assam, both north and
south of the Brahmaputra; northeastern Burma; northern
Laos.

ALCIPPE CASTANECEPS

_—Alcippe castaneceps castaneceps (Hodgson)

[Minla] Castaneceps Hodgson, 1837, India Review, 2, p.
33 — Nepal.

Minla brunneicauda Sharpe, 18838, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7,
pp. 606 (in key), 609 — Khasi Hills, Assam. Not Hylo-
terpe brunneicauda Salvadori, 1879 = Alcippe brunnei-
cauda brunneicauda (Salvadori).

Pseudominla castaneiceps garoensis Koelz, 1951, Journ.
Zool. Soc. India, 3, p. 29 — Tura Mountain, Garo Hills,
Assam.

Alcippe castaneceps wagstaffer Wynne, 1954, North West-
ern Naturalist [Arbroath, Scotland], new ser., 2, pp.
297, 306. New name for Minla brunneicauda Sharpe,
preoccupied, with insufficient indication.

400 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Alcippe castaneceps wagstaffei Wynne, 1955, North West-
ern Naturalist [Arbroath, Scotland], new ser., 3, p. 120.
New name for Minla brunneicauda Sharpe, preoccu-
pied.

Himalayas from Nepal eastward to northwestern Yunnan
(west of the Salween), southward through hill tracts of
Assam to Chin Hills of western Burma, and through hills
of eastern Burma to northwestern Thailand and central
Tenasserim.

_ Alcippe castaneceps exul Delacour
Alcippe castaneiceps exul Delacour, 1932, Oiseau Rev.
Franc. Orn., nouv. sér., 2, p. 427— Phu Kong-Ntul
[ca. lat. 15° 23’ N., long. 106° 25’ E.], Laos.
Eastern portion of northern plateau of Thailand, the
whole of Laos, and northwestern Tongking.

Alcippe castaneceps soror (Sharpe)
Minla soror Sharpe, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 489,
pl. 38, fig. 1 — Larut Range, Perak.
Highlands of Malaya from northern Perak southward to
southern Selangor and Pahang.

——Alcippe castaneceps klossi Delacour and Jabouille

Pseudominla atriceps Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, p.
583 — Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam. Not Tur-
dinus atriceps Sharpe, 1902 = Alcippe atriceps (Sharpe).

Alcippe castaneiceps klossi Delacour and Jabouille, 1931,
Oiseaux Indochine Franc., 3, p. 308. New name for
Pseudominla atriceps Robinson and Kloss, considered
preoccupied by Alcippe atriceps (Jerdon), 1844, a
secondary homonym created by Blyth, ex Brachypteryx
atriceps Jerdon, 1839.

Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

ALCIPPE VINIPECTUS

Alcippe vinipectus kangrae (Ticehurst and Whistler)
Fulvetta vinipecta [sic] kangre Ticehurst and Whistler,
1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 71 — Palampur, East
Punjab.
Himalayas from northern East Punjab eastward to north-
western Uttar Pradesh.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 401

Alcippe vinipectus vinipectus (Hodgson)
[Mesia] Siva Vinipectus Hodgson, 1837, India Review, 2,
p. 89 — Nepal.
Nepal, except area occupied by chumbiensis.

__— Alcippe vinipectus chumbiensis (Kinnear)
Fulvetta vinipectus chumbiensis Kinnear, 1939, Ibis, p.
751 — Yatung, Chumbi Valley, southeastern Tibet.
Easternmost Nepal, Sikkim, Chumbi Valley of Tibet, and
Bhutan.

Alcippe vinipectus austeni (Ogilvie-Grant)
Proparus austeni Ogilvie-Grant, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 5, p. iii — Manipur and the Naga Hills, Assam.
Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra.

~— Alcippe vinipectus ripponi (Harington)
Proparus ripponi Harington, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
33, p. 59— Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills,
Burma.
Known only from highest peaks of Chin Hills.

Alcippe vinipectus perstriata (Mayr)
Fulvetta vinipectus perstriata Mayr, 1941, Ibis, p. 79 —
Chawngmawhka, Burma-Yunnan border.
Kachin State of Burma and adjacent regions of Yunnan
eastward to the Salween.

Alcippe vinipectus valentinae Delacour and Jabouille
Alcippe vinipectus valentinae Delacour and Jabouille,
1930, Oiseau Rev. France. Orn., 11, p. 401 — Fan Si Pan
[lat. 22° 17’ N., long. 104° 47’ E.], Tongking.
Known only from type locality.

— Alcippe vinipectus bieti Oustalet
Alcippe (Proparus) Bieti Oustalet, 1891, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Zool., sér. 7, 12, p. 284, pl. 9, fig. 2 — Tatsienlu [= Kang-
ting, Hsikang].
Northwestern Yunnan (except area occupied by perstri-
ata) and southeastern Hsikang.

402 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

ALCIPPE STRIATICOLLIS

~~Alcippe striaticollis (Verreaux)
Siva striaticollis J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 38: idem, 1871, 2bid., 7, ps 50
— “les montagnes du Thibet chinois”’; type from
Muping [= Paohing], fide Verreaux, 1871.
Southwestern Kansu, northwestern Szechwan, and south-
eastern Hsikang.

ALCIPPE RUFICAPILLA ©

~ Alcippe ruficapilla ruficapilla (Verreaux) -

Siva ruficapilla J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 373; 1dem, 1871, bid., 7, p. 49; wdem:
1872, ibid., 8, pl. 5, fig. 2— “les ontagnes du Thibet
chinois” ; types from western Szechwan, fide Verreaux,
1871.

Southern Shensi and Szechwan.

Alcippe ruficapilla sordidior (Rippon)
Proparus sordidior Rippon, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
13, p. 60 — Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Talifu, Yunnan.
Northwestern Yunnan.

Alcippe ruficapilla danisi Delacour and Greenway / (CY,
Alcippe (Fulvetta) ruficapilla danisi Delacour and Green-
way, 1941, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 18, p. 47 —
Phu Kobo [lat. 19° 16’ N., long. 103° 25’ E.], Laos.
Southeastern Yunnan, northwestern Tongking (?), and
eastern portion of northern Laos.

ALCIPPE CINEREICEPS

Alcippe cinereiceps ludlowi (Kinnear)
Fulvetta ludlowi Kinnear, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 55,
p. 184 — Sakden, eastern Bhutan.
Eastern Bhutan and southeastern Tibet.

. Aleippe cinereiceps manipurensis (Ogilvie-Grant)
Proparus manipurensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 16, p. 123 — Owenkulno Peak, Manipur.
Proparus striaticollis yunnanensis Rothschild, 1922, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 11 — Mekong-Salween Divide,

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 403

northwestern Yunnan. Not Alcippe fratercula yunnan-
ensis Harington, 1913.
Fulvetta insperata Riley, 1930, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 43, p. 123 — Ndamucho, south of Lutien [lat. 27°
127 N.,. lone. 99°28” E.], Yunnan.
Fulvetta ruficapilla menghwaensis Chong, 1937, Sinensis,
8, p. 381 — Siaotsun, near Menghwa, western Yunnan.
Hill tracts of eastern Assam (Naga and Manipur Hills)
and western Burma (Chin Hills) ; northeastern Burma and
northwestern Yunnan.

—-a

_— Alcippe cinereiceps tonkinensis Delacour and Jabouille
Alcippe ruficapillus (sic) tonkinensis Delacour and Ja-
bouille, 1930, Oiseau Rev. Franc. Orn., 11, p. 402 — Fan
1 Pan |ilat. 22° 17’ N., lone. 104° 47’ Ex], 2,800 metres,
Tongking.
Southeastern Yunnan (?), northwestern Tongking, and
eastern portion of northern Laos.

Alcippe cinereiceps guttaticollis (La Touche)
Proparus guttaticollis La Touche, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 6, p. 50 — Kuatun, Fukien.
Highlands of Fukien and northern Kwangtung.

__Alecippe cinereiceps formosana (Ogilvie-Grant)

Proparus formosanus Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 16, p. 120 — Mount Morrison, Formosa.
Highlands of Formosa.

_Alcippe cinereiceps fucata (Styan)

Proparus fucatus Styan, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 8, p.
26; idem, 1899, Ibis, p. 306, pl. 4, fig. 1— Ichang,
Hupeh.

Alcippe cinereiceps Berliozi Yen, 1932, Bull. Mus. Nat.
Hist. Paris, sér. 2, 4, p. 381 — Ching-tung-shan, south-
ern Hunan.

Hupeh and Hunan.

Alcippe cinereiceps cinereiceps (Verreaux)

Siva cinereiceps J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
mist. Nat. [Paris||,'6, p: 07; idem, 1871, 7btd., 7, p. 48;
idem, 1872, ibid., 8, pl. 5, fig. 3 — “les montagnes du

404 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Thibet chinois’; type from Muping [= Paohing], fide
Verreaux, 1871.
Western Hupeh, Szechwan, and southeastern Hsikang.

~ Alcippe cinereiceps fessa (Bangs and Peters)

Fulvetta cinereiceps fessa Bangs and Peters, 1928, ‘Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 342 — near Choni, southwest-
ern Kansu.

Southwestern Kansu.

ALCIPPE RUFOGULARIS

Alcippe rufogularis rufogularis (Mandelli)
Minla Rufogularis Mandelli, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p.
416 — Bhutan Duars.
Himalayas from Bhutan Duars eastward through Assam
(north of the Brahmaputra) to the Abor Hills.

Alcippe rufogularis collaris Walden

Alcippe collaris Walden, 1874, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
4, 14, p. 156 — Sadiya, northeastern Assam.
Hill tracts of eastern Assam (from the Mishmis south-
ward to Manipur) and of East Pakistan.

Alcippe rufogularis major (Baker)

Scheniparus rufigularis major Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 41, p. 11— Ban Pak Mat [lat. 18° 52’ N.,
long. 101° 51’ E.J, Laos.

Northeastern Burma (Kachin State), Northern and
Southern Shan States (?), northern and central Laos (val-
ley of the Mekong), and adjacent areas of northern and east-
ern Thailand.

- Alcippe rufogularis stevensi (Kinnear)

Scheniparus rufogularis stevensi Kinnear, 1924, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 45, p. 10'— Bao Ha) [ilat.- 22-3107 Ne
long. 104° 21’ E.], Tongking.

Scheniparus rufogularis blanchardi Delacour and Ja-
bouille, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 182 — Phuqui,
northern Annam.

Northwestern Tongking, eastern portion of northern

Laos, and northern Annam.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 405

Alcippe rufogularis kelleyi (Bangs and Van Tyne)
Schoeniparus rufogularis kelleyi Bangs and Van Tyne,
1930, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 18, p. 4 —
Phuoc Mon, Quangtri Province, Annam.
Central Annam.

Alcippe rufogularis khmerensis (de Schauensee)
Schoeniparus rufogularis khmerensis de Schauensee,
1938, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 90, p. 27 —
Krat [= Ban Bang Phra (lat. 12° 15’ N., long. 102° 30’
E.)], Thailand.
Southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia.

ALCIPPE BRUNNEA

Alcippe brunnea mandellii (Godwin-Austen)
Minla Mandellii Godwin-Austen, 1876, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, 17, p. 33 — Naga Hills, Assam.
Schoeniparus dubius certus Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India, 4, p. 39 — Shillong Peak, Khasi Hills, Assam.
Hill tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and
western Burma (Chin Hills).

. Alcippe brunnea intermedia (Rippon)
Scheniparus intermedius Rippon, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 11, p. 11 — Loi Mai [lat. 20° 25’ N., long. 97° 26’
E.], Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.
Kachin and Shan States of Burma and adjacent regions
of Yunnan eastward to the Salween.

Alcippe brunnea dubia (Hume)

Proparus dubius Anonymous = Hume, 1874, Stray Feath-
ers, 2, p. 447 — “outskirts of the Pine forests above the
Salween,” Salween District, Tenasserim, Lower Burma.

Hills of Karenni State and Tenasserim southward to Am-

herst District.

——Alcippe brunnea genestieri Oustalet
Alcippe Genestieri Oustalet, 1897, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, 3, p. 210 — Tzeku, northwestern Yunnan.
Scheniparus variegatus Styan, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 8, p. 26; idem, 1899, Ibis, p. 306, pl. 4, fig. 2 —
Suiyang, Kweichow.

406 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southeastern Hsikang, Yunnan (except areas occupied by
intermedia), western Kweichow, northwestern Tongking,
and eastern portion of northern Laos.

Alcippe brunnea superciliaris (David)
Ixulus superciliaris David, 1874, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., sér.
5,19, art. 9, p. 4 — Fukien.
Hills of southeastern China from Kwangtung, northward
through Fukien and Kiangsi, to Anhwei.

Alcippe brunnea brunnea Gould
Alcippe brunnea Gould, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
280 — Formosa.
Alcippe obscurior Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 16, p. 121 — Mount Morrison, Formosa.
Formosa.

Alcippe brunnea arguta (Hartert)
Proparus brunnea (sic) argutus Hartert, 1910, Novit.
Zool., 17, p. 231 — Mount Wuchi, Hainan.
Hainan.

Alcippe brunnea olivacea Styan
Alcippe olivacea Styan, 1896, Ibis, p. 312 — Ichang,
Hupeh.
Schoeniparus brunneus weigoldi Stresemann, 1928, Journ.
f. Orn., 71, p. 3866—mountains near Kwanhsien,
Szechwan.
Western Hupeh and Szechwan (except northwestern
highlands).
ALCIPPE BRUNNEICAUDA

_ Alcippe brunneicauda brunneicauda (Salvadori)

Hyloterpe brunneicauda Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 14, p. 210 — “Ayer Manchor,” a waterfall at 10
kilometres from Padang Panjang [lat. 0° 29’ S., long.
100° 22’ E.] on the road to the Padang Highlands,
Sumatra.

Alcippe cinerea hypocneca Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 60 (7), p. 8— Pulau Pini, Batu Islands.

Alcippornis brunneicauda epipolia Oberholser, 1932, Bull.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 159, p. 63 — Pulau Bunguran, North
Natuna Islands.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 407

Malay Peninsula from Siamese provinces of Nakhon Si
Thammart and Krabi southward to Johore; Sumatra; Batu
and North Natuna Islands; northwestern Borneo (limits of
range uncertain).

Alcippe brunneicauda eriphaea (Oberholser)

Alcippornis brunneicauda eriphaea Oberholser, 1922,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 74 (2), p. 2— Gunong Liang Ku-
bung [ca. lat. 0° 39’ N., long. 113° 17’ E.], Borneo.

Borneo (except area occupied by brunneicauda).

ALCIPPE POIOICEPHALA

_.Alcippe poioicephala poioicephala (Jerdon)
Thimalia poioicephala Jerdon, 1844, Madras Journ. Lit.
Sci., 13, p. 169 — Coonoor Ghat, Nilgiri Hills.
Alcippe pheocephala Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
7, pp. 618 (in key), 622. Nomen emendatum.
Western Ghats of India from Kerala northward to South
Kanara, Coorg, and southern Mysore; Palni Hills.

Alcippe poioicephala brucei Hume
Alcippe phxocephala brucei Hume, 1870, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 39, p. 122— Mahabaleshwar, Satara
North, Bombay.
Peninsular India (except area occupied by poioicephala)
southward of a line drawn from the Surat Dangs to north-
ern Orissa.

— Alcippe poioicephala fusca Godwin-Austen
Alcippe fusca Godwin-Austen, 1876, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 45, p. 197 — Naga Hills, Assam.
Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and northwestern
Burma.

— Alcippe poioicephala phayrei Blyth
Alcippe Phayrei Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
14, p. 601 — Arakan.
Southwestern Burma (Chin Hills and Arakan).

—. Alcippe poioicephala haringtoniae Hartert
Alcippe haringtoniz Hartert, 1909, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
25, p. 10 — Bhamo [lat. 24° 15’ N., long. 97° 14’ E.],

408 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Upper Burma.
Northeastern Burma (Myitkyina District) southward
through Shan States to northwestern Thailand. 5).

_ Alcippe poioicephala alearis (Bangs and Van Tyne) ae
Alcippornis poiocephala alearis Bangs and Van Tyne,
1930, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 18, p. 4 —
Muang Mun [lat. 21° 42’ N., long. 103° 21’ E.], Tong-
king.
Eastern portion of northern plateau of Thailand and
northwestern portion of eastern plateau; northern Laos,
northwestern Tongking, and northern Annam.

~~ Alcippe poioicephala karenni Robinson and Kloss <2.

Alcippe magnirostris Walden, 1875, in Blyth, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 43, extra no., p. 115 — Karenni State, Up-
per Burma. Not Alcippe magnirostris Moore, 1854.

Alcippe pheocephala karenni Robinson and Kloss, 1928,
Journ. and Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, new ser., 18, p. 563.
New name for Alcippe magnirostris Walden, preoc-
cupied.

Alcippe poioicephala blythi Collin and Hartert, 1927,
Novit. Zool., 34, p. 50. New name for Alcippe magniros-
tris Walden, preoccupied.

Southeastern Burma from Karenni State southward to
central Tenasserim; southwestern Thailand from southern
Tak Province southward to Prachuap Khiri Khan Province.
Alcippe poioicephala davisoni Harington

Alcippe pheocephala davisoni Harington, 1915, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 23, pp. 447 (in key), 453 —
“Tavoy, Mergui and to the south . . .”; here restricted
to Mergui District, Tenasserim.

Mergui Archipelago; Malay Peninsula from southern

Tenasserim and Isthmus of Kra southward to Siamese
Province of Trang.

ALCIPPE PYRRHOPTERA
Alcippe pyrrhoptera (Bonaparte)

N [apothera]. pyrrhoptera “Boie, Mus. Lugd.” Bonaparte,
1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 358 — Java.

A[leippe]. solitaria Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1 (1850),
p. 87 — “Sumatra,” error = Java.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 409

A[lcippe]. dumetoria Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1 (1850),

p. 88 — Java.
Mixornis erythronota Reichenow, 1895, Journ. f. Orn., 43,
p. 356 — Java.

Western and central Java.

ALCIPPE PERACENSIS

—~Alcippe peracensis grotei Delacour

Alcippe nipalensis major Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 47, p. 18 — Col des Nuages [lat. 16° 11’ N., long.
108° 08’ E.], Annam. Not Scheniparus rufigularis ma-
jor Baker, 1920 = Alcippe rufogularis major (Baker).

Alcippe nipalensis grotei Delacour, 1936, Orn. Monatsb.,
44, p. 24. New name for Alcippe nipalensis major, pre-
occupied.

Northern and central Annam and adjacent regions of

southern Laos.

___— Alcippe peracensis annamensis Robinson and Kloss

Alcippe nepalensis annamensis Robinson and Kloss, 1919,
Ibis, p. 582 — Dalat [lat. 11° 55’ N., long. 108° 26’ E.],
Annam.

Southern Laos (Boloven Plateau), southern Annam, and

adjacent regions of Cochin China.

Alcippe peracensis eremita Riley

Alcippe nipalensis eremita Riley, 1936, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 49, p. 25 — Khao Saming [lat. 12° 21’N.,
long. 102° 27’ E.], Thailand.

Southeastern Thailand.

—Alcippe peracensis peracensis Sharpe U
Alcippe peracensis Sharpe, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 489 — Larut Range, Perak.
Highlands of Malaya from northern Perak southward to
southern Selangor and Pahang.

ALCIPPE MORRISONIA

— Alcippe morrisonia yunnanensis Harington

Alcippe fratercula yunnanensis Harington, 19138, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 33, p. 63 — Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Tali-
fu, Yunnan.

410 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southeastern Hsikang, northwestern Yunnan, and north-
eastern Burma (Kachin State).

_-Alcippe morrisonia fraterculus Rippon
Alcippe fratercula (sic) Rippon, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 11, p. 11 — Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.
Alcippe nipalensis laotianus Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 47, p. 19 — Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19’ N.,
long. 103° 22’ K.], Laos.
Southwestern Yunnan; southeastern Burma from North-
ern Shan State southward, through Karenni, to central
Tenasserim; northern Thailand; northern Laos.

___-Alcippe morrisonia schaefferi La Touche
Alcippe nipalensis schaefferi La Touche, 19238, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 43, p. 81 — Milati, southeastern Yunnan.
Southeastern Yunnan, Tongking, and northern Annam.

Alcippe morrisonia rufescentior (Hartert)
Proparus nipalensis rufescentior Hartert, 1910, Novit.
Zool., 17, p. 231 — Mount Wuchi, Hainan.
Hainan.

——Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia Swinhoe
Alcippe morrisonia Swinhoe, 1868, Ibis, p. 296 — Formosa.
Alcippe morrisoniana Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
7, p. 621. Nomen emendatum.
Formosa.

Alcippe morrisonia hueti David
Alcippe Hueti David, 1874, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., sér. 5,
19, art. 9, p. 4 — Fukien.
Hill tracts of southeastern China from Kwangtung north-
ward to Anhwei.

____Alcippe morrisonia davidi Styan

Alcippe cinerea David, 1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat.
[Paris], 7, p. 14— western Szechwan. Not Minla ci-
nerea Blyth, 1847 = Alcippe cinerea (Blyth).

Alcippe davidi Styan, 1896, Ibis, p. 310. New name for
Alcippe cinerea David, considered preoccupied by “‘Al-
cippe cinerea” Blyth, 1844.

Western Hupeh and Szechwan.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 411

ALCIPPE NIPALENSIS
~ Alcippe nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgson)
[Mesia] Siva Nipalensis Hodgson, 1837, India Review, 2
(1838), p. 89 — Nepal.
Alcippe nipalensis turensis Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India, 4, p. 39 — Tura Mountain, Garo Hills, Assam.
Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Sikkim and
Bhutan, into eastern Assam north of the Brahmaputra
(Abor Hills), and to Garo Hills south of the river.

_ Alcippe nipalensis commoda Ripley 4

Alcippe nipalensis commoda Ripley, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 61, p. 104 — Dening, Mishmi Hills, Assam.
Alcippe nipalensis khasiensis Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 6— Cherrapunji, Khasi
Hills, Assam.
Assam, both south and east of the Brahmaputra (except
areas occupied by nipalensis), and northern Burma.

—Alcippe nipalensis stanfordi Ticehurst

Alcippe nepalensis stanfordi Ticehurst, 1930, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 50, p. 84 — Taungup-Prome Cart Road, Ara-
kan Yoma, southwestern Burma.

Hill tracts of southwestern Burma (Chin Hills, Arakan
Yoma) ; possibly also hills of southeastern Assam and East
Pakistan.

ALCIPPE ABYSSINICA
_—Alcippe abyssinica monachus (Reichenow)

Turdinus monachus Reichenow, 1892 (Feb. 19), Sitzungsb.
Allg. Deutschen Orn. Ges. Berlin, p. 4— Buea [lat.
4° 10’N., long. 9° 12’ E.], British Cameroons.

Turdinus monachus Reichenow, 1892 (Apr.), Journ. f.
Orn., 40, pp. 193, 220 — Buea, British Cameroons.

Known only from Mount Cameroon, British Cameroons.

Alcippe abyssinica claudi (Alexander)
Lioptilus claudei [sic] Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn.

Club, 13, p. 34 — Mount Santa Isabel, 10,800 ft., Fer-
nando Po.!

1 The spelling of the specific name was corrected and an additional
type specimen (from Bakaki) was designated by Alexander, 1903,
Ibis, p. 382.

412 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Island of Fernando Po.

Alcippe abyssinica ansorgei (Rothschild)

Lioptilus abyssinicus ansorget Rothschild, 1918, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 38, p. 78— Mucuio [lat. 13° 28’S., long.
14° 44’ E.], Angola.

Bailundu highlands of west-central Angola, the southeast-

ern Congo, and western Tanganyika.

Alcippe abyssinica stierlingi (Reichenow)

Turdinus stierlingi Reichenow, 1898, Orn. Monatsb., 6,
p. 82 — Iringa [lat. 7° 47’ S., long. 35° 42’ E.], Tangan-
yika.

Alcippe stictigula Shelley, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13,
p. 61 — Mwenembe, Nyasaland.

Lioptilus stierlingi uluguru Hartert, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 42, p. 50 — Uluguru Mountains, Tanganyika.

Highlands of northern Nyasaland and southwestern and

central Tanganyika.

- Alcippe abyssinica abyssinica (Riippell)

Drymophila abyssinica Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelt., Vo-
gel, 13, p. 108, pl. 40, fig. 2—— Simen Mountains, Begem-
dir Province, northern Ethiopia.

Alcippe kilimensis Shelley, 1889, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 864 — Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanganyika.

Alcippe abyssinica micra Grote, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36,
p. 77 — Mlalo [lat. 4° 34’ S., long. 38° 19’ E.], Tangan-
yika.

Pseudoalcippe abyssinicus [sic] chyulu van Someren, 1939,
Journ. East Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 59 —
Chyulu Hills, Camp 3 of Coryndon Museum Expedition,
Kenya.

Highlands of northeastern Tanganyika, western Kenya,

and western Ethiopia.

ALCIPPE ATRICEPS

—Alcippe atriceps (Sharpe)

Turdinus atriceps Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 13,
p. 10 — Ruwenzori Mountains, Uganda.

Pseudoalcippe atriceps kivuensis Schouteden, 1937, Rev.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 413

Zool. Bot. Africa, 30, p. 165 — Kivu Volcanoes, Belgian
Congo-Ruanda boundary.
British Cameroons (Banso and Genderu Mountains) ;
highlands of the northeastern Congo, western Uganda, and
Ruanda-Urundi.

GENUS LIOPTILUS BONAPARTE

Lioptilus “Caban. 1850” = Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen.
Av., 1 (1850), p. 332. Type, by monotypy, Turdus nigri-
capillus Vieillot.

Lioptilornis Oberholser, 1921, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 34, p. 186. New name for Lioptilus Cabanis, 7.e.,
Bonaparte, considered preoccupied by Leioptila Blyth.

Kupeornis Serle, 1949, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 69, p. 50.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Kupeornis
gilberti Serle.

LIOPTILUS NIGRICAPILLUS
— Lioptilus nigricapillus (Vieillot)

Turdus nigri capillus [sic] Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict.
Hist. Nat., nouv. éd., 20, p. 256 — the south of Africa;
restricted to the forests of Bruintjes Hoogte, near Som-
erset East, Cape Province, ex Levaillant.

Forested areas of eastern Cape Province, Natal, and

northern Transvaal (Zoutpansberg).

LIOPTILUS GILBERTI
Lioptilus gilberti (Serle)

Kupeornis gilberti Serle, 1949, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 69,
p. 50 — Kupé Mountain [lat. 4° 50’ N., long. 9° 40’ E.],
British Cameroons.

Known only from type locality.

LIOPTILUS RUFOCINCTUS

Lioptilus rufocinctus Rothschild
Lioptilus rufocinctus Rothschild, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 23, p. 6 — Rugege Forest, southwestern Ruanda.
Ruanda and the eastern Congo from valley of the Ruzizi
southward to Lake Tanganyika (north of Albertville).

414 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

LIOPTILUS CHAPINI
Lioptilus chapini chapini (Schouteden)

Kupeornis chapini Schouteden, 1949, Rev. Zool. Bot. Af-
rica., 42, p. 344— Mongbwalu [lat. 1°57’ N., long.
30° 02’ E.], Belgian Congo.

Forests of the northeastern Congo from Lake Albert

southward to Lake Edward.

Lioptilus chapini nyombensis Prigogine
Lioptilus chapini nyombensis Prigogine, 1960, Rev. Zool.
Bot. Africa., 61, p. 16 — Butokolo [lat. 2° 42’S., long.
28° 16’ E.], Belgian Congo.
Known only from type locality.

GENUS PAROPHASMA REICHENOW

Parophasma Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, 743. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Parisoma galiniert
Guérin-Méneville.

PAROPHASMA GALINIERT

— Parophasma galinieri (Guérin-Méneville) /

Parisoma Galinieri Guérin-Méneville, 1843, Rev. Zool.
[Paris], 6, p. 162 — Ethiopia.

Parisoma frontalis Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers. Vog.
Nord-ost.-Afr., pp. 48, 59 — Shoa, Ethiopia.

Crateropus melodus von Heuglin, 1862, Journ. f. Orn., 10,
p. 299 — Semien and Wogara, Ethiopia.

Highlands of central and southern Ethiopia.

GENUS PHYLLANTHUS LESSON

Phyllanthus Lesson, 1844, Echo du Monde Savant, 11, col.
1165. Type, by monotypy, Phyllanthus capucinus Lesson
= Crateropus atripennis Swainson.

PHYLLANTHUS ATRIPENNIS

— Phyllanthus atripennis atripennis (Swainson)

Crateropus atripennis Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Africa,
1, p. 278 — western Africa; restricted to Senegal, apud
Sclater.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 415

Phyllanthus Capucinus Lesson, 1844, Echo du Monde
Savant, 11, col. 1165 — “Asia,” error; here corrected
to Senegal.

G[larrulax]. poliocephalus Blyth, 1865, Ibis, p. 46 —no
locality; Senegal here designated.

Forests of western Africa from Senegal southeastward

to Liberia.

_ Phyllanthus atripennis rubiginosus (Blyth)

Garrulax rubiginosus Blyth, 1865, Ibis, p. 46 — no locality;
West Africa designated by Blyth, 1870, Ibis, p. 171;
here restricted to Accra, Ghana.

Crateropus haynesi Sharpe, 1871, Ibis, p. 415 — Accra,
Ghana.

Forests of western Africa from Ivory Coast eastward to

southern Nigeria.

Phyllanthus atripennis bohndorffi (Sharpe)

Crateropus Bohndorffi Sharpe, 1884, Journ. Linn. Soc.
London, Zool., 17, p. 422 — Sassa [lat. 5° 05’ N., long.
25° 30’ E.], Belgian Congo.

Phyllanthus czarnikowi Ogilvie-Grant, 1907, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 19, p. 40 — Mawambi [lat. 1° 03’ N., long.
28° 36’ E.], Belgian Congo.

Forests of the northeastern Congo.

GENUS CROCIAS TEMMINCK

Laniellus Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson,
Fauna Bor.-Am., 2 (1831), pp. 125 (footnote), 127, 481.
No valid species; generic details only. Type, by subse-
quent designation (Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
8, pp. 228 [in key], 230), Laniellus leucogrammicus
Gadow. Not Laniellus Blyth, 1833.

Crocias Temminck, 1836, Pl. col., livr. 100, pl. 592. Type,
by monotypy, Crocias guttatus Temminck = Lanius al-
bonotatus Lesson.

CROCIAS LANGBIANIS

__Crocias langbianis Gyldenstolpe
Crocias langbianis Gyldenstolpe, 1939, Ark. f. Zool., 31B,
Dp, 2 —— Dalat flat. 11° 55’ N-; long: 108° 26’ E:], Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

416 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

CROCIAS ALBONOTATUS
_—Crocias albonotatus (Lesson) ~< g

Lanius albonotatus Lesson, 1832, in Bélanger, Voyage aux
Indes-Orientales, Zool., pt. 4, p. 249 — Java.

Crocias guttatus Temminck, 1836, Pl. col., livr. 100, pl.
592 — Java.

Laniellus leucogrammicus Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus., 8, p. 230 — Java.

Highlands of western and central Java.

GENUS HETEROPHASIA BLYTH

Heterophasia Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11,
p. 186. Type, by monotypy, Heterophasia cuculopsis
Blyth = Sibia picaoides Hodgson.

Leioptila Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 449.
Type, by monotypy, Leioptila annectens Blyth.

Malacias Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1 (1850), p. 118.
Type, by monotypy, Cinclosoma capistratum Vigors.

cf. Kinnear, 1939, Ibis, pp. 751-752 (races of capistrata).

HETEROPHASIA ANNECTENS
— Heterophasia annectens annectens (Blyth)
L{[eioptila]. annectans [sic] Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 450 — Darjeeling, West Bengal.

Himalayas from Sikkim eastward, through Bhutan and
Assam (both north and south of the Brahmaputra), to hill
tracts of northern and western Burma; western Yunnan
(west of the Salween).

Heterophasia annectens mixta Deignan
Heterophasia annectens mixta Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 61, p. 15 -— Doi Pha Hom Pok [lat.
20° 05’ N., long. 99° 10’ E.], Thailand.
Southern Shan State (east of the Salween), northernmost
Thailand (Doi Pha Hom Pok), northern Laos, and north-
western Tongking.

_—Heterophasia annectens saturata (Walden)
L{[eioptila]. saturata Walden, 1875, in Ramsay, Ibis, p.
352, footnote — Karenni State, Upper Burma. Chestnut-
backed phase!

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 417

Leioptila Davisoni Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 110
= Mulayit Taune. [ilat; 16° 11” N.,. long. 982 32’ B.],
Tenasserim. Black-backed phase!

Southern Shan State (west of the Salween), Karenni

State, and hills of northwestern Thailand southward to
Amherst District of Tenasserim.

Heterophasia annectens eximia (Riley)

Leioptila annectens eximia Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 53, p. 48— Forests of Cam-ly [= Dalat
(lat. 11° 55’ N., long. 108° 26’ E.)], Annam.

Known only from type locality.

HETEROPHASIA CAPISTRATA

___~Heterophasia capistrata capistrata (Vigors)

Cinclosoma capistratum Vigors, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool.
Soc. London, pt. 1 (1830-1831), p. 56 — Himalayas;
restricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Ripley, 1961,
Synop. Birds India Pakistan, p. 416.

M[alacias]. capistrata [sic] pallida [sic] Hartert, 1891,
Kat. Mus. Senckenb., p. 21, footnote 47 — northwestern
India; restricted to Simla, by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bom-
bay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 460.

Himalayas from northern West Pakistan eastward to

Garhwal.

_— Heterophasia capistrata nigriceps (Hodgson)
[Sibia] Nigriceps Hodgson, 1839, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 8, p. 38 — Nepal; restricted to central Nepal, by
Ripley, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 49, p. 399.
Himalayas from Kumaun eastward to central Nepal.

__—.Heterophasia capistrata bayleyi (Kinnear)
Leioptila capistrata bayleyi Kinnear, 1939, Ibis, p. 752 —
Taktoo, near Sakden, eastern Bhutan.
Himalayas from eastern Nepal eastward, through Sikkim
and Bhutan, into Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

HETEROPHASIA GRACILIS

_— Heterophasia gracilis (McClelland)
Hypsipetes gracilis McClelland, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 7, p. 159 — Assam; restricted to the Naga Hills,

418 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

by Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1,
Dads

Leioptila gracilis dorsalis Stresemann, 1940, in Strese-
mann and Heinrich, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24, pp. 153
(in list), 217 — Mount Victoria [lat. 21° 15’ N., long.
93° 55’ E.], Upper Burma.

Leioptila gracilis ardosiaca Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Re-
gional Explor., no. 1, p. 7— Maoflang, Khasi Hills,
Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and

western Burma (Chin Hills); northeastern Burma and
western Yunnan (west of the Salween).

HETEROPHASIA MELANOLEUCA

—~Heterophasia melanoleuca desgodinsi (Oustalet)

Sibia Desgodinsi Oustalet, 1877, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
sér. 7, 1, p. 140 — Yer-ka-lo, on the Mekong at ca. lat.
29° 03’ 30” N., Hsikang.

Heterophasia capistrata tecta Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 61, p. 15 — Nguluko, near Likiang,
northwestern Yunnan.

Northeastern Burma, northwestern Yunnan, southeastern

Hsikang, and southwestern Szechwan.

Heterophasia melanoleuca tonkinensis (Yen) ~ s.
Leioptila Desgodinsi tonkinensis Yen, 1934, Science Journ.
(College of Science, Sun Yatsen Univer., Canton), 6,
Dp. o24 — Pan si Pan [lat. 22°17’ N., jong, 1042 474i
Tongking.
Northwestern Tongking.

Heterophasia melanoleuca engelbachi (Delacour)

Leioptila desgodinsi engelbachi Delacour, 19380, Oiseau
Rev. France. Orn., 11, p. 658 — Phu-king-toul, Boloven
Plateau, southern Laos.

Southern Laos (Boloven Plateau).

_ Heterophasia melanoleuca robinsoni (Rothschild)

Lioptila robinsoni Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28, p. 38
— Dalat [lat. 11° 55’ N., long. 108° 26’ E.], Annam.

Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 419

——- Heterophasia melanoleuca melanoleuca (Blyth)

Sibia melanoleuca “‘Tickell” Blyth, 1859, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 28, p. 413 — Tenasserim; type from Mulayit
Taung [lat. 16° 11’ N., long. 98° 32’ E.], fide Tickell,
1859, ibid., 28, p. 451.

Leioptila melanoleuca radcliffei Baker, 1922, Fauna Brit.
India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, pp. 296 (in key), 300 —“N. E.
Central Burma ... and... Taunghoo.”’

Leioptila melanoleuca laeta de Schauensee, 1929, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 81, p. 470 — Doi Suthep
[lat. 18° 50’ N., long. 98° 55’ E.], Thailand.

Shan States (except area occupied by castanoptera)

southward, through hills of northwestern Thailand, to Am-
herst District of Tenasserim.

Heterophasia melanoleuca castanoptera (Salvadori)

Malacias castanopterus Salvadori, 1889, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, ser. 2, 7, pp. 363, 411 — Karenni State, Upper
Burma.

Southern Shan State (west of the Salween) and Karenni
State.

HETEROPHASIA AURICULARIS
___ Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
Kittacincla auricularis Swinhoe, 1864, Ibis, p. 361 —
Formosa.
Highlands of Formosa.

HETEROPHASIA PULCHELLA
— Heterophasia pulchella (Godwin-Austen)

Sibia pulchella Godwin-Austen, 1874, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, 13, p. 160 — Barail Range, Assam.

Lioptila pulchella coeruleotincta Rothschild, 1921, Novit.
Zool., 28, p. 38—Shweli-Salween Divide, western
Yunnan.

Leioptila pulchella nigroaurita Kinnear, 1944, in Ludlow,
Ibis, 86, p. 88 — Lhalung, Pachakshiri district, south-
eastern Tibet.

Southeastern Tibet; hill tracts of Assam, both north and

south of the Brahmaputra; northeastern Burma; western
Yunnan (west of the Salween).

420 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

HETEROPHASIA PICAOIDES

_— Heterophasia picaoides picacides (Hodgson)
[Sibia] Pieaoides [sic] Hodgson, 1839, Journ. Asiat. ‘Sou.
Bengal, 8, p. 38 — Nepal.
Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Sikkim, Bhutan,
and Assam (north of the Brahmaputra), to northeastern
Burma.

Heterophasia picaoides cana (Riley)

Sibia picaoides cana Riley, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-

- ington, 42, p. 166 — Doi Ang Ka [lat. 18° 35’ N., long.
98° 30’ E.], Thailand.

Heterophasia picaoides burmanica Ticehurst, 1934, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club., 55, p. 19—Ta-ok Plateau [lat.
16° 20’ N., long. 98° 28’ E.], Tenasserim.

Northern Shan State southward, through Karenni and
northern Thailand, to Amherst District of Tenasserim;
northern Laos, northern Annam, and northwestern Tong-
king.

Heterophasia picaoides wrayi (Ogilvie-Grant)

Sibia wrayi Ogilvie-Grant, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 25,
p. 98 — mountains of central portion of Malay Penin-
sula.

Highlands of Malaya from northern Perak southward to

southern Selangor and northern Pahang.

_ Heterophasia picaoides simillima Salvadori
Heterophasia simillima Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 14, p. 282 — Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24’ S.,
long. 100° 20’ E.], Sumatra.
Highlands of western Sumatra.

GENUS YUHINA HopcGson

Yuhina Hodgson, 1886, Asiat. Res., 19, p. 165, pl. 9, fig.
Type, by original designation, Yuhina gularis Hodgson.

Ixulus Hodgson, 1844, in J. E. Gray, Zool. Misc., no. 3,
p. 82. Type, by monotypy, Yuhina? flavicollis Hodgson.

Erpornis Hodgson, 1844, in Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 13, p. 379, footnote. Type, by original designation
and monotypy, Erpornis zantholeuca Blyth.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 421

Herpornis Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. Zool. Index Univ.,
p. 516. Nomen emendatum.

Staphida “Swinhoe” Gould, 1871 (March), Birds Asia, 4,
pt. 23, pl. 8. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R.
Gray, 1871, Hand-list Gen. Spec. Birds, pt. 3, p. 1738),
Siva torqueola Swinhoe.

Staphida Swinhoe, 1871 (Oct.), Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 873. Type, by subsequent designation (Baker, 1930,
Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 68.), Siva torqueola
Swinhoe. (Subgenus of Jxuluws Hodgson.)

Staphidea Blyth, 1875, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 44, extra
no., p. 110. Lapsus.

Staphidia Anonymous, 1878, Ibis, p. 198. Lapsus.

YUHINA CASTANICEPS

—~Yuhina castaniceps rufigenis (Hume)
Ixulus rufigenis Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 108 —
Himalayas.
Darjeeling District of West Bengal and Sikkim.

— Yuhina castaniceps plumbeiceps (Godwin-Austen)

Staphida plumbeiceps Godwin-Austen, 1877, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 20, p. 519 — near Sadiya and Brahma-
khand, northeastern Assam.

Staphidia castaneiceps conjuncta Mayr, 1941, Ibis, p. 86
— Chipwi-Laukkaung Road, Myitkyina District, Kachin
State, Upper Burma.

Hill tracts of Assam (north and east of the Brahmaputra),

northern Burma, and western Yunnan (west of the Sal-
ween).

-Yuhina castaniceps castaniceps (Moore) G

Ixulus castaniceps Moore, 1854, in Horsfield and Moore,
Cat. Birds Mus. East India Co., 1, p. 411 — “Afghanis-
tan,” error; corrected to Khasi Hills, Assam, by Sharpe,
1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 616.

Hill tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and

southwestern Burma (Chin Hills and Arakan Yomas).

__Yuhina castaniceps striata (Blyth) 2

,

Ixulus striatus Blyth, 1859, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 28,
p. 4138 — mountainous interior of the Tenasserim prov-

422 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

inces, Lower Burma; type from “Near Teethoungplee,
3,000 feet,’”’ Amherst District, fide Tickell, 1859, ibid.,

p. 452.
Southern Shan and Karenni States of eastern Burma;
northwestern Thailand and Amherst District of Tenasserim.

_— Yuhina castaniceps torqueola (Swinhoe)
Siva torqueola Swinhoe, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
4, 5, p. 174 — Tingchow Mountains, Fukien.
Eastern portion of northern plateau of Thailand, northern
Laos, northern half of Annam, Tongking, Kwangsi, Kwang-
tung, and Fukien.

~~ Yuhina castaniceps everetti (Sharpe)
Staphidia everetti Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 447 — Kina Balu,
North Borneo.
Highlands of northern Borneo.

YUHINA BAKERI
— Yuhina bakeri Rothschild

Siva occipitalis Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13
(1844), p. 937 — Darjeeling, West Bengal. Not Yuhina
occipitalis Hodgson, 1836.

Yuhina bakeri Rothschild, 1926, Novit. Zool., 33, p. 276.
New name for Siva occipitalis Blyth = Yuhina occipitalis
(Blyth), preoccupied.

Yuhina occipitalis atrovinacea Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 8 — Laikul, Cachar, Assam.

Himalayas from Garhwal eastward to northeastern Bur-

ma and southward through hill tracts of Assam to Manipur
and Tripura.
YUHINA FLAVICOLLIS y
— Yuhina flavicollis albicollis (Ticehurst and Whistler)

Izulus flavicollis albicollis Ticehurst and Whistler, 1924,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 44, p. 71— Dharmsala, Kangra,
East Punjab.

Himalayas from northern East Punjab eastward into

western Nepal.

~~ Yuhina flavicollis flavicollis Hodgson
Yuhina? Flavicollis Hodgson, 1836, Asiat. Res., 19, p. 167

— Nepal; restricted to central Nepal, by Ripley, 1961,
Synops. Birds India Pakistan, p. 408.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 423

Himalyas from central Nepal eastward, through Bhutan,
to eastern Assam (Abor Hills).

_- Yuhina flavicollis rouxi (Oustalet)

Ixulus Rouxi Oustalet, 1896, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris,
2, p. 186 — banks of the Lisiang-kiang, or Black River,
Yunnan.

Iculus flavicollis harterti Harington, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 33, p. 62 — Sinlum, near Bhamo, Kachin State,
Burma.

Izulus flavicollus baileyi Baker, 1914, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 35, p. 17 — Mishmi Hills, Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra and of
northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills), northern half of Bur-
ma, Yunnan, northwestern Tongking, and adjacent portion
of northern Laos.

_-Yuhina flavicollis constantiae Ripley
Yuhina flavicollis constantiae Ripley, 19538, Oiseau Rev.
Franc. Orn., 23, p. 91 — Phu Kobo [lat. 19° 16’ N., long.
108° 25’ E.], Laos.
Mountains of northern Laos (Chiang Khwang Province).

Yuhina flavicollis rogersi Deignan
Yuhina flavicollis rogersi Deignan, 1937, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 50, p. 217 — Doi Phu Kha [lat. 19° 05’ N.,

long. 101° 05’ E.], Thailand.

Known only from type locality.

Yuhina flavicollis clarki (Oates)

Izulus clarki Oates, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 3, p. 41;
idem, 1894, Ibis, p. 481, pl. 18, fig. 1 — Byin Gye Taung
[lat. 20° 01’ N., long. 96° 26’ E.], Upper Burma.

Mountains of Southern Shan and Karenni States of

Burma.

Yuhina flavicollis humilis (Hume)

Izulus humilis Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 106 —
Mulayit Taung [lat. 16° 11’ N., long. 98° 32’ E.], Tenas-
serim.

Known only from type locality.

424 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

YUHINA GULARIS
Yuhina gularis vivax Koelz

Yuhina gularis vivax Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Regional
Explor., no. 1, p. 8— above Luni, Tehri, northwestern
Uttar Pradesh.

Garhwal and Kumaun.

Yuhina gularis gularis Hodgson
Yuhina Gularis Hodgson, 1836, Asiat. Res., 19, p. 166 —
Nepal.
Yuhina yangpiensis Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
13, p. 12 — Yangpi, western Yunnan.
Yuhina gularis griseotincta Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool.,
28, p. 42 — Shweli-Salween Divide, western Yunnan.
Yuhina gularis sordidior Kinnear, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 45, p. 74 — Ngai Tio, Loakay Province, Tongking.
Himalayas from Nepal eastward through Assam and Bur-
ma to northwestern Yunnan (except area occupied by omei-
ensis), southward through Assam to Chin Hills of western
Burma and to Northern Shan State; northwestern Tongking.

Yuhina gularis omeiensis Riley

Yuhina gularis omeiensis Riley, 1980, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 43, p. 134— Mount Omei, Szechwan.
Northwestern Yunnan (Likiang Range), southwestern
Szechwan, and southeastern Hsikang.

YUHINA DIADEMATA
Yuhina diademata Verreaux

Yuhina diademata J. Verreaux, 1869, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist. Nat. [Paris], 5, p. 35; idem, 1871, ibid., 7, p. 53;
idem, 1872, ibid., 8, pl. 3, fig. 8 — “le Thibet oriental” ;
types from Muping [= Paohing], fide Verreaux, 1871.

Yuhina ampelina Rippon, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 11,
p. 12— Warar Bum, 30 miles east of Bhamo, Kachin
State, Upper Burma.

Yuhina diademata obscura Delacour and Jabouille, 1930,
Oiseau Rev. Frane. Orn., 11, p. 403 — Fan Si Pan [lat.
22° 17’ N., long. 104° 47’ E.], Tongking.

Yuhina diademata Delacouri Yen, 1934, Science Journ.
[College of Science, Sun Yatsen Univ., Canton], 6, pp.

SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE 425

358 (in key), 362.1 New name for Yuhina diademata
obscura Delacour and Jabouille, considered preoccupied
by Yuhina occipitalis obscura (lapsus for obscurior)
Rothschild, 1921.

Northeastern Burma (Kachin State), southeastern Hsi-
kang, southwestern Szechwan, Yunnan, and northwestern
Tongking.

YUHINA OCCIPITALIS

— Yuhina occipitalis occipitalis Hodgson
Yuhina Occipitales (sic) Hodgson, 1836, aint Res.,
p. 166 — Nepal.
Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Sikkim, Bhutan,
and southeastern Tibet, into northern Assam (Dafla Hills).

—— Yuhina occipitalis obscurior Rothschild
Yuhina occipitalis obscurior Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool.,
28, p. 42 — Likiang Range, Yunnan.
Northeastern Burma (Kachin State) and northwestern
Yunnan.

YUHINA BRUNNEICEPS

—Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 16, p. 121 — Mount Morrison, Formosa.
Highlands of Formosa.

YUHINA NIGRIMENTA

——Yuhina nigrimenta nigrimenta Blyth
Y [uhina]. nigrimenta Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 14, p. 562 — Nepal, ex Hodgson.
Yuhina nigrimentum titania Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 9 — Karong, Manipur.
Himalayas from Garhwal eastward to eastern Assam,
both north and south of the Brahmaputra.

Yuhina nigrimenta intermedia Rothschild

Yuhina nigrimentum intermedia Rothschild, 1922, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 11— Mekong-Salween Divide,
Yunnan.

1 This name is sometimes cited from October 1934, p. 46; see foot-
note, p. 382.

426 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Yuhina nigrimentum quarta Riley, 1930, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 43, p. 134 — Tseo-jia-keo, Szechwan.
Northeastern Burma, southeastern Hsikang, southwestern
Szechwan, Yunnan, northwestern Tongking, northern An-
nam, and eastern portion of northern Laos; southern An-
nam (?).

_— Yuhina nigrimenta pallida La Touche

Yuhina pallida La Touche, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 6,
p. 50 — Kuatun, Fukien.

Highlands of Fukien.

YUHINA ZANTHOLEUCA
——Yuhina zantholeuca zantholeuca (Blyth)
Erplornis]. zantholeuca Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 13, p. 380 — Nepal.

Himalayas eastward through Assam, both north and south
of the Brahmaputra, and northern Burma to northwestern
Yunnan (east of the Salween) ; southward through Burma
to Tavoy District of Tenasserim; western Thailand south-
ward to Prachuap Khiri Khan Province.

~Yuhina zantholeuca tyrannula (Swinhoe)
Herpornis tyrannulus Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 347, pl. 10
— central Hainan.

Eastern portion of northern plateau of Thailand and
northwestern portion of eastern plateau; northern Laos,
northern Annam, Tongking, and southeastern Yunnan;
Hainan.

. Yuhina zantholeuca griseiloris (Stresemann)
Herpornis «xantholeuca griseiloris Stresemann, 1923,

Journ. f. Orn., 71, p. 364 — Siuhang, Kwangtung.
Kwangtung and Fukien; Formosa.

Yuhina zantholeuca sordida (Robinson and Kloss)

Herpornis xantholeuca sordida Robinson and Kloss, 1919,
Ibis, p. 588 — Da Ban [lat. 12° 38’ N., long. 109° 06’ E.],
Annam.

Southern Annam, Cochin China, eastern Cambodia, south-

thern Laos, and easternmost portion of eastern plateau of
Thailand (Ubon Province).

GENERA SEDIS INCERTAE 427

Yuhina zantholeuca canescens (Delacour and Jabouille)

Erpornis xantholeuca canescens Delacour and Jabouille,
1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 48, p. 1832 — Le Boc Kor
[lat. 10° 37’ N., long. 104° 03’ E.], Cambodia.

Western Cambodia, southeastern Thailand, and the south-

western portion of eastern plateau of Thailand.

Yuhina zantholeuca interposita (Hartert)

Herpornis xantholeuca interposita Hartert, 1917, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 38, p. 20 — Temengor [lat. 5° 19’ N.,
long. 101° 24’ E.], Perak.

Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui Dis-

trict) and Isthmus of Kra southward to Johore.

Yuhina zantholeuca saani (Chasen)

Erpornis zantholeuca sadéini Chasen, 1939, Treubia, 17,
p. 206 — near Pendeng [lat. 4° 08’ N., long. 97° 36’ E.],
Sumatra.

Northwestern Sumatra.

____Yuhina zantholeuca brunnescens (Sharpe)

Herpornis brunnescens Sharpe, 1876, Ibis, p. 41 — Sara-
wak.

Borneo.

GENERA SEDIS INCERTAE!
HERBERT G. DEIGNAN

GENUS MALIA SCHLEGEL

Malia Schlegel, 1880, Notes Leyden Mus., 2, p. 165. Type,
by monotypy, Malia grata Schlegel.

MALIA GRATA

Malia grata recondita Meyer and Wiglesworth

Malia recondita A. B. Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1894, Abh.
Ber. Dresden, 5, p. 1— mountains between Menado

1 MS read by J. Delacour, B. P. Hall, K. C. Parkes, A. L, Rand,
and S. D. Ripley.

428 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

[lat. 1° 80’ N., long. 124° 50’ E.] and Mongondok [lat.
0° 48’ N., long. 124° 11’ E.], Celebes.
Mountains of the northern peninsula, Celebes.

~——Malia grata stresemanni Meise
Malia grata stresemanni Meise, 1931, Orn. Monatsb., 39,
p. 47 — Rano Rano [lat. 1° 30’ S., long. 120° 19’ E.],
Celebes.
Central Celebes and the southeastern peninsula.

Malia grata grata Schlegel
Malia grata Schlegel, 1880, Notes/Leyden Mus., 2, p. 165
— Makassar District, Celebes.
Mount Lombobatang, southwestern peninsula, Celebes.

GENUS MYZORNIS BLYTH

Myzornis ‘““Hodgson” Blyth, 1843, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 12, p. 984. Type, by original designation and mono-
typy, Myzornis pyrrhoura Blyth.

MYZORNIS PYRRHOURA
———= Myzornis pyrrhoura Blyth
Myzornis pyrrhoura Blyth (Hodgson MS), 1848, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 984 — Nepal.
Himalayas from Nepal eastward, through Sikkim, to
Bhutan and southeastern Tibet; northeastern Burma and
northwestern Yunnan.

GENUS HORIZORHINUS OBERHOLSER

Cuphopterus Hartlaub, 1866 (Oct.), in Dohrn, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, p. 326, pl. 34. Type, by monotypy, Cu-
phopterus dohrni Hartlaub. Not Cuphopterus Morawitz,
1866 (Jan.), Hymenoptera.

Cuphornis! Giebel, 1872, Thesaurus Ornithologiae, 1, p.
839. Type, by monotypy, Cuphopterus dohrni Hartlaub.
Nomen oblitum.

Horizorhinus Oberholser, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, p. 216. New name for Cuphopterus Hart-
laub, preoccupied.

1 The author would prefer to follow strict priority and employ this
generic name. Eds,

GENERA SEDIS INCERTAE 429

HORIZORHINUS DOHRNI

—Horizorhinus dohrni (Hartlaub)

Cuphopterus dohrni Hartlaub, 1866, in Dohrn, iene Zool.
Soc. London, p. 326, pl. 34 — Principe Island, Gulf of
Guinea.

Principe Island.

GENUS OXYLABES SHARPE

Oxylabes Sharpe, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 386,
fig. 1. Type, by original designation and monotypy, ?
Ellisia madagascariensis Hartlaub = Motacilla madagas-
cariensis Gmelin.

Nesobates Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 54, p. 54.
New name for Oxylabes Sharpe, considered preoccupied
by Oxylabis Foerster, 1856, Hymenoptera.

OXYLABES MADAGASCARIENSIS

—~ Oxylabes madagascariensis (Gmelin)

[Motacilla] madagascariensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1,
pt. 2, p. 952 — Madagascar; restricted to East Mada-
gascar, by Salomonsen, 1934, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
10, 14, p. 68.

Forests of the humid eastern district, Madagascar.

GENUS MYSTACORNIS SHARPE

Mystacornis Sharpe, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 392,
fig. 2. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Bernieria crossleyi Grandidier.

MYSTACORNIS CROSSLEYI

——— Mystacornis crossleyi (Grandidier)

Bernieria Crossleyi Grandidier, 1870, Rev. Mag. Zool.
[Paris], sér. 2, 22, p. 50 — Madagascar; inferentially
restricted to Lake Alaotra, apud Salomonsen, 1934, Ann.
Mag Nat. Hist. ser. 10, 14. p.-73.

Forests of the humid eastern district, Madagascar.

430 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

SUBFAMILY PANURINAE! 2
HERBERT G. DEIGNAN

GENUS PANURUS KocH

Panurus Koch, 1816, Syst. baier. Zool., 1, p. 201, pl. 5, B,
fig. 43. Type, by monotypy, Parus biarmicus Linnaeus.

PANURUS BIARMICUS

Panurus biarmicus biarmicus (Linnaeus)

[Parus] biarmicus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1,
p. 190 — Europe; restricted to Holstein, by Hartert,
1907, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 403.

Panurus biarmicus occidentalis Tschusi, 1904, Orn. Jahrb.,
15, p. 228 — Venetia.

England (Norfolk) ; southern Europe from the Nether-
lands (formerly from Mecklenburg and Holstein) southward
and eastward to eastern Spain, southern France, Italy, and
Greece.

~ Panurus biarmicus russicus (Brehm)

Mystacinus Russicus C. L. Brehm, 1831, Handb. Naturg.
Vog. Deutschl., p. 472 — Russia.

Panurus biarmicus alexandrovi Zarudny and Bilkevich,
1916, Mess. Orn., 7, p. 241 — Atrek River, Potemkin
Peninsula, Bender-i-gyaz, and mouth of the Gyurgen
River, southeastern shores of the Caspian Sea.

Panurus biarmicus turkestanicus Zarudny and Bilkevich,
1916, Mess. Orn., 7, p. 241 — Turkestan; provisional
name for the paler bird of Turkestan, in the event that
alexandrovi proved inseparable from russicus.

Eastward and southeastward from southern Poland and
Hungary, through southern Russia, Turkey, Iran, and
Turkestan, to Tsinghai and Inner Mongolia; eastern Man-
churia.

1 Acceptance of Panurinae, rather than the almost universally used
name Paradoxornithinae, would seem to be in conflict with the pro-
visions of Article 23(d) (ii) of the Int. Code of Zool. Nomen.—Kds.

2 MS read by J. Delacour, K. C. Parkes, A. L. Rand, and S. D.
Ripley.

SUBFAMILY PANURINAE 431

GENUS CONOSTOMA HopGson

Conostoma Hodgson, 1841 or 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 10, p. 856. Type, by original designation and
monotypy, Conostoma oemodium Hodgson.

ef. Vaurie, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1669, pp. 10-11.

CONOSTOMA OEMODIUM

—— Conostoma oemodium Hodgson

Conostama (sic) OEmodius (sic) Hodgson, 1841 or 1842,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 10, p. 857, pl. — northern
Nepal.

Conostoma aemodium bambuseti Stresemann, 1923, Journ.
f. Orn., 71, p. 366 — Wa-shan, near Fulin, Hsikang.

Conostoma oemodium graminicola Deignan, 1950, Zoologi-

ca [New York], 35, p. 127 — Ndamucho, south of Lutien
Hate. 27> 127 N., long. 99° 237 He), Yunnan.

Higher Himalayas from Garhwal eastward, through
Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, southeastern Tibet, northern Assam,
and southern Hsikang, to southwestern Szechwan, north-
western Yunnan, and northeastern Burma.

GENUS PARADOXORNIS GouLD

Paradoxornis Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 17.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Paradox-
ornis flavirostris Gould.

Suthora Hodgson, 1837 (Apr.), India Review, 2, p. 32.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Suthora
nipalensis Hodgson. (Subgenus of Parus Linnaeus.)

Bathyrynchus McClelland, 1837 (Oct.), Quart. Journ.
Calcutta Med. Phys. Soc., [1], no. 4, p. 5381. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Bathyrynchus
brevirostris McClelland.

Bathyrynchus McClelland, 1837 (Nov.), India Review, 2,
p. 518. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Bathyrynchus brevirostris McClelland.

Chleuasicus Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14,
p. 578. Type, by monotypy, Chleuasicus ruficeps Blyth.

Anacrites Gistl, 1848, Naturg. Thierr., p. x. New name
for Paradoxornis ‘‘(! Gould. Isis 1838. 174.)”’.

432 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cholornis J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat.
[Paris], 6, p. 35. Type, by monotypy, Cholornis para-
doxus J. Verreaux.

Calamornis Gould, 1874, Birds Asia, 3, pt. 26, pl. 73.
Type, by monotypy, Paradoxornis heudei David. (Sub-
genus of Paradoxornis Gould.)

Sceorhynchus Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1,
p. 68. Type, by original designation, Paradoxornis rufi-
ceps Blyth. Not Scaeorhynchus E. B. Wilson, 1881,
Pantopoda.

Psittiparus Hellmayr, 1903, Das Tierreich, Lief. 18, p. 163.
New name for Scaeorhynchus Oates, preoccupied.

Neosuthora Hellmayr, 1911, in Wytsman, Genera Avium,
pt. 18, p. 74. Type, by original designation, Suthora
davidiana Slater.

Neosuthora Harington, 1914, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc., 23, pp. 54, 61. Type, by original designation and
monotypy, Suthora davidiana Slater.

PARADOXORNIS PARADOXUS
_~ Paradoxornis paradoxus (Verreaux)

Cholornis paradoxa J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist: Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 35; zdem, 1871, tbids, 7,.po4,
pl. 1, fig. 1 — “les montagnes du Thibet chinois’’; type
specimens from Muping [= Paohing], Hsikang, fide
Verreaux, 1871.

Western Hsikang (Paohing), northwestern Szechwan,

southern Kansu, and southern Shensi.

PARADOXORNIS UNICOLOR
Paradoxornis unicolor (Hodgson)

H{[eteromorpha]. unicolor Hodgson, 1848, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 12, p. 448 — northern Nepal.

Suthora unicolor canaster Thayer and Bangs, 1912, Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 40, p. 171— Wa-shan, near Fulin,
Hsikang.

Paradoxornis unicolor saturatior Rothschild, 1921, Novit.
Zool., 28, p. 54 — Shweli-Salween Divide, Yunnan.

Higher regions of Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan, through

southeastern Tibet and southern Hsikang, to southwestern
Szechwan, northwestern Yunnan, and northeastern Burma.

SUBFAMILY PANURINAE 433

PARADOXORNIS FLAVIROSTRIS
—Paradoxornis flavirostris Gould

Paradoxornis flavirostris Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 17 — probably Nepal.

Bathyrynchus brevirostris McClelland, 1837 (Oct.), Quart,
Journ. Calcutta Med. Phys. Soc., [1], p. 531, pl. 1, fig. 2
— Upper Assam.

Bathyrynchus brevirostris McClelland, 1837 (Nov.), In-
dia Review, 2, pp. 509 (in list), 518, pl., fig. 1 — Upper
Assam.

Himalayas from Nepal eastward to northeastern Assam ;

hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra and Chin
Hills of western Burma (Mount Victoria).

PARADOXORNIS GUTTATICOLLIS
_—— Paradoxornis guttaticollis David

Paradoxornis guttaticollis David, 1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist. Nat. [Paris], 7, pp. 8 (in list), 14 — “Setchuan-
Moupin”; type specimen from western Szechwan, fide
David, 1877, in David and Oustalet, Oiseaux Chine, p.
204,

Paradoxornis austeni Gould, 1874, Birds Asia, 3, pt. 26,
pl. 73 — near Kuchai, Naga Hills, and Shillong, Khasi
Hills, Assam.

Hill tracts of Assam south and east of the Brahmaputra;
eastern Burma from Kachin State southward, through Shan
States, to Karenni and northernmost Thailand; northwest-
ern Yunnan and western Szechwan; southeastern Yunnan,
Tongking, and northern Laos; Kwangtung and Fukien.

PARADOXORNIS CONSPICILLATUS

_—~ Paradoxornis conspicillatus conspicillatus (David)
[Suthora] conspicillata David, 1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist. Nat. [Paris], 7, pp. 9, 14 — easternmost Kokonor.
Easternmost Tsinghai; northwestern Szechwan; southern
Kansu; southwestern Shensi.

Paradoxornis conspicillatus rocki (Bangs and Peters)
Suthora conspicillata rocki Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 345 — Hsien-tien-tsze, Hupeh.
Hupeh.

434 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PARADOXORNIS RICKETTI

——Paradoxornis ricketti Rothschild
Paradoxornis webbiana ricketti Rothschild, 1922, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 11— Yangtze Valley, northwest-
ern Yunnan.
Northwestern Yunnan. Hybrids between this form and P.
w. brunneus are reported from the Tali district.1

PARADOXORNIS WEBBIANUS

Paradoxornis webbianus mantschuricus (Taczanowski)
Suthora webbiana mantschurica Taczanowski, 1885, Bull.
Soc. Zool. France, 10, p. 470 — Alamanovka, Ussuri-
land.
Eastern Manchuria (Sungari basin) and adjacent area
of Ussuriland.

Paradoxornis webbianus fulvicauda (Campbell) +¢0- °

Suthora fulvicauda Campbell, 1892, Ibis, p. 2837 — Chemul-
po, Korea.

Suthora longicauda Campbell, 1892, Ibis, p. 237 —ca.
thirty miles east of Seoul, Korea.

Suthora webbiana rosea La Touche, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 43, p. 100 — Shanhaihuan, northeastern Hopeh.
Suthora webbiana pekinensis La Touche, 1923, Bull. Brit.

Orn. Club, 43, p. 100 — Peking, Hopeh.
Northeastern China (Hopeh) and southern half of Korea.

——Paradoxornis webbianus webbianus (Gould)
Suthora Webbiana Gould, 1852, Birds Asia, pt. 4, pl. 72 —
Shanghai, Kiangsu.
Coastal regions of southern Kiangsu and northern
Chekiang.

___ Paradoxornis webbianus suffusus (Swinhoe) ¢
Suthora suffusa Swinhoe, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. ionden
p. 372 — “mountainous sides of the gorges on the up-

per Yangtsze.”
Suthora webbiana fohkienensis La Touche, 1928, Bull.

1 Suthora styani Rippon, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn: Club, 13, p. 54 —
Tali Valley, Western Yunnan.

SUBFAMILY PANURINAE 435

Brit. Orn. Club, 43, p. 101— Kuatun, northwestern
Fukien.

Shensi (Tsinling Mountains) ; valley of the Yangtze from
western Szechwan to Kiangsu and Chekiang (except areas
occupied by webbianus), and thence southward through
coastal provinces to Kwangtung. Hybrids between this form
and P. a. alphonsianus are reported from western Szechwan
(Kwanhsien).

_— Paradoxornis webbianus bulomachus (Swinhoe)
Suthora bulomachus Swinhoe, 1866, Ibis, p. 300, pl. 9 —
Formosa.
Highlands of Formosa.

—— Paradoxornis webbianus elisabethae (La Touche)

Suthora alphonsiana elisabethe La Touche, 1922, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 52 — Loukouchai, southeastern
Yunnan.

Paradoxornis webbianus intermedius Delacour and Ja-
bouille, 1930, Oiseau Rev. Frane. Orn., 11, p. 395 —
Chapa, Tongking.

Southeastern Yunnan and northwestern Tongking.

—Paradoxornis webbianus brunneus (Anderson)
Suthora brunnea Anderson, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 211 — Momien, western Yunnan.

Northwestern Yunnan and northeastern Burma (Kachin
and Northern Shan States).

PARADOXORNIS ALPHONSIANUS

— Paradoxornis alphonsianus alphonsianus (Verreaux)

Suthora Alphonsiana J. Verreaux, 1870, Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist. Nat. [Paris], 6, p. 35; idem, 1872, zbid., 8, pl. 3,
fig. 2 — “les montagnes du Thibet chinois”; type from
Chengtu, Szechwan, fide Yen, 1934, Journ. f. Orn.,
82, p. 383.

Paradoxornis alphonsiana stresemanni Yen, 1934, Journ.
f. Orn., 82, p. 383 — To-pung-shan, Kweichow.

Eastern Hsikang (Kangting), southwestern Szechwan

(Kwanhsien to Ipin), and Kweichow.

436 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

——~Paradoxornis alphonsianus yunnanensis (La Touche) uk
Suthora webbiana yunnanensis La Touche, 1921, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 42, p. 31 — Kopaotsun, southeastern
Yunnan.
Southeastern Yunnan and northwestern Tongking.

PARADOXORNIS ZAPPEYI

~Paradoxornis zappeyi (Thayer and Bangs)

Suthora zappeyi Thayer and Bangs, 1912, Mem. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 40, p. 171, pl. 4, fig. 2— Wa-shan, near
Fulin, Hsikang.

Known only from type locality.

—_——

PARADOXORNIS PRZEWALSKII

Paradoxornis przewalskii (Berezowski and Bianchi)

Suthora Przewalskti Berezowski and Bianchi, 1891, Aves
expeditionis Potanini per provinciam Gan-su et con-
finia 1884-1887, p. 67, pl. 2, fig. 1 — Hsiku and Minchow
districts, southern Kansu.

Southern Kansu.

PARADOXORNIS FULVIFRONS

——Paradoxornis fulvifrons fulvifrons (Hodgson)

T[emnoris]. fulvifrons Hodgson, 1845 (Aug.), Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, pt. 18, p. 31 — Nepal.

S[uthora]. fulvifrons “Hodgson” Blyth, 1845 (post
Sept.), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 579 — Nepal.

Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan.

Paradoxornis fulvifrons chayulensis (Kinnear)

Suthora fulvifrons chayulensis Kinnear, 1940, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 60, p. 56 — Lung, Chayul Valley, southeast-
ern Tibet.

Southeastern Tibet.

Paradoxornis fulvifrons albifacies (Mayr and Birckhead)
Suthora fulvifrons albifacies Mayr and Birckhead, 1937,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 966, p. 15 — Likiang Range,
Yunnan.
Northwestern Yunnan and southeastern Hsikang.

SUBFAMILY PANURINAE 437

__— Paradoxornis fulvifrons cyanophrys (David)

Sutora (sic) cyanophrys David, 1874, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Zool., sér. 5, 19, art. 9, p. 3 — southwestern Shensi.

Northwestern Szechwan, southern Kansu (?), and south-
western Shensi.

PARADOXORNIS NIPALENSIS
Paradoxornis nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgson)

[Parus] Suthora Nipalensis Hodgson, 1837, India Review,
2 (1838), p. 32 — central and northern regions of Ne-
pal; restricted to Kathmandu Valley, by Ripley, 1961,
Synops. Birds, India Pakistan, p. 370.

Central Nepal.

-Paradoxornis nipalensis humii (Sharpe)
Suthora humii Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, pp.
486 (in key), 487 — Nepal and Sikkim.
Eastern Nepal, Sikkim, and western Bhutan.

Paradoxornis nipalensis crocotius Kinnear

Suthora poliotis intermedia Kinnear, 1944, in Ludlow,
Ibis, pp. 69, 70 — Yonpu La, near Trashigong, eastern
Bhutan. Not Paradoxornis webbianus intermedius Dela-
cour and Jabouille, 1930.

Paradoxornis poliotis crocotius Kinnear, 1954, Ibis, p. 484.
New name for Suthora poliotis intermedia Kinnear,
preoccupied.

Southeastern Tibet (7,000 feet) and eastern Bhutan
(8,000-8,500 feet).

Paradoxornis nipalensis poliotis (Blyth)

Suthora poliotis Blyth, 1851, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
20, p. 522 — Cherrapunji, Khasi Hills, Assam.
Suthora munipurensis Godwin-Austen and Walden, 1875,
Ibis, p. 250 — near Karakhul, Manipur.
Suthora daflaensis Godwin-Austen, 1876, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, 17, p. 82 — Dafla Hills, Assam.
Eastern Bhutan (4,000 feet) ; hill tracts of Assam, both
north and south of the Brahmaputra (except area occupied
by patriciae) ; northeastern Burma; northwestern Yunnan.

438 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Paradoxornis nipalensis patriciae (Koelz)

Suthora poliotis patriciae Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Re-
gional Explor., no. 1, p. 2— Blue Mountain, Lushai
Hills, Assam.

Southeastern Assam (Lushai Hills).

—~Paradoxornis nipalensis ripponi (Sharpe)
Suthora ripponi Sharpe, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 15,
p. 96 — Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills, Upper
Burma.
Known only from type locality.

Paradoxornis nipalensis feae (Salvadori)
Suthora Feae Salvadori, 1889, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 2, 7, p. 363 — Karen Hills, Upper Burma.
Hills of southeastern Burma (Karenni State) and north-
western Thailand.

Paradoxornis nipalensis beaulieui Ripley
Paradoxornis verreauxi beaulieut Ripley, 1953, Oiseau
Rev. France. Orn., 23, p. 90 — Phu Kobo [lat. 19° 16’
N., long. 103° 25’ E.], Laos.
Mountains of northern Laos (Chiang Khwang Province).

Paradoxornis nipalensis craddocki (Bingham)
Suthora craddocki Bingham, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
13, p. 54; idem, 19038, Ibis, p. 586, pl. 11, fig. 1 — Loi
Pangnao [lat. 21° 20’ N., long. 100° 20’ E.], Upper
Burma.
Known only from type locality and northwestern Tong-
king (Fan Si Pan).

— Paradoxornis nipalensis verreauxi (Sharpe) /

Suthora gularis J. Verreaux, 1869, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
Nat. [Paris], 5, p. 35; 7dem, 1872, <bid., 8, pl. 3, ngat
— “le Thibet oriental” ; type specimen from “Setchuan-
Moupin,” fide David, 1871, ibid., 7, p. 9.

Suthora verreauxi Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7,
pp. 486 (in key), 488. New name for Suthora gularis
J. Verreaux, considered preoccupied by Paradoxornis
gularis G. R. Gray, 1845.

Mountains of eastern Hsikang and southwestern Szech-

wan.

a

SUBFAMILY PANURINAE 439

-—— Paradoxornis nipalensis pallidus (La Touche) —~

Suthora gularis pallida La Touche, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 43, p. 20 — Kuatun, northwestern Fukien.

Mountains of northwestern Fukien.

Paradoxornis nipalensis morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
Suthora morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 16, p. 119 — Mount Morrison, Formosa.
Highlands of Formosa.

PARADOXORNIS DAVIDIANUS

_—.Paradoxornis davidianus davidianus (Slater) +
Suthora davidiana Slater, 1897, Ibis, p. 172, pl. 4, fig. 1 —
Kuatun, northwestern Fukien.
Highlands of Fukien.

Paradoxornis davidianus tonkinensis (Delacour)

Suthora davidiana tonkinensis Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 47, p. 167 — Bac Kan [lat. 22° 08’ N., long.
10550" Eh. ),. Toneking.

Known only from type locality.

__.Paradoxornis davidianus thompsoni (Bingham)

Suthora thompsoni Bingham, 19038, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,
13, p. 63; idem, 1903, Ibis, p. 586, pl. 11, fig. 2—“...
north-east of Kyatpyin village near the Paunglaung
stream,” Loilong, Southern Shan State, Upper Burma.

Eastern Burma (Southern Shan State), northwestern

Laos, and northwestern portion of eastern plateau of Thai-
land (Loei Province).

PARADOXORNIS ATROSUPERCILIARIS

Paradoxornis atrosuperciliaris oatesi (Sharpe)

Chi[ewasicus]. ruficeps Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 14, p. 578 — Darjeeling, West Bengal. Not
Paradoxornis ruficeps Blyth, 1842.

[Suthora] oatesi Sharpe, 1903, Hand-list Gen. Species
Birds, 4, p. 70. New name for Chlewasicus ruficeps
Blyth, considered preoccupied by Paradoxornis ruficeps
Blyth, 1842.

Darjeeling District of West Bengal and Sikkim.

440 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Paradoxornis atrosuperciliaris atrosuperciliaris (Godwin-

Austen)

Chleuasicus atrosuperciliaris Godwin-Austen, 1877 (May
12), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 46, p. 44 — Sadiya,
Assam.!

Chleuasicus ruficeps, Blyth, var. atrosuperciliaris Godwin-
Austen, 1877 (June), Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 147
— Sadiya, Assam.

Suthora ruficeps rufina Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc. In-
dia, 4, p. 37 — Laikul, North Cachar, Assam.

Assam (both north and south of the Brahmaputra),

northern Burma, western Yunnan, and northern Laos.

PARADOXORNIS RUFICEPS
— Paradoxornis ruficeps ruficeps Blyth
Paradoxornis ruficeps Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 11, p. 177 — Bhutan.
Himalayas from Nepal, through Bhutan, eastward to
eastern Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).

~ Paradoxornis ruficeps bakeri (Hartert)

Scaeorhynchus ruficeps bakeri Hartert, 1900, Novit. Zool.,
7, p. 548 — Hungrum, North Cachar, Assam.

Psittiparus ruficeps psithyrus Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 2— Sangau, Lushai Hills,
Assam.

Psittiparus ruficeps rufitinctus Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst.
Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 2— Cherrapunji, Khasi
Hills, Assam.

Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) ; northern and east-

ern Burma (excepting the Shan States ?), southward to the
Karenni State.

Paradoxornis ruficeps magnirostris (Delacour)

Psittiparus ruficeps magnirostris Delacour, 1927, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Club, 47, p. 166 — Tam Dao [lat: 21° 272N;
long. 105° 40’ E.], Tongking.

Highlands of central Tongking.

1 The complete diagnosis reads: “intermediate in size between
Paradoxornis ruficeps and Ch. ruficeps.”

SUBFAMILY PANURINAE 441

PARADOXORNIS GULARIS
—Paradoxornis gularis gularis Gray

Paradoxornis gularis “Horsf.” G. R. Gray, 1845, Gen.
Birds, 2, p. 889, pl. 94 — no locality; type from Bhutan,
fide Kinnear, 1937, in Ludlow and Kinnear, Ibis, pp.
27-28.

Himalayas from Sikkim, through Bhutan, eastward into

Assam, north of the Brahmaputra.

——Paradoxornis gularis transfluvialis (Hartert)

Sceorhynchus gularis transfluvialis Hartert, 1900, Novit.
Zool., 7, p. 548 — Guilang, North Cachar, Assam.

Psittiparus gularis schoeniparus Koelz, 1954, Contrib.
Inst. Regional Explor., no. 1, p. 2— Karong, Manipur.

Assam (south of the Brahmaputra); northern and east-

ern Burma (southward to the Karenni State) ; northwestern
Thailand.

Paradoxornis gularis laotianus (Delacour)

Psittiparus gularis laotianus Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 47, p. 19 — Chiang Khwang [lat. 19° 19’ N.,
long. 103° 22° E.]|, Laos.

Easternmost Burma (Kengtung); eastern portion of

northern plateau of Thailand; northern Laos; northwestern
Tongking.

—Paradoxornis gularis fokiensis (David)
Heteromorpha fokiensis David, 1874, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.,
sér. 5, 19, art. 9, p. 4 — Fukien.
Hill tracts of Fukien and Anhwei.

——Paradoxornis gularis hainanus (Rothschild)

Psittiparus gularis hainanus Rothschild, 19038, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Club, 14, p. 7 — Mount Wuchi, Hainan.
Hainan.

Paradoxornis gularis rasus (Stresemann)

Psittiparus gularis rasus Stresemann, 1940, in Strese-
mann and Heinrich, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24, pp. 153
(in list), 180 — Mount Victoria, Southern Chin Hills,
Upper Burma.

Western Burma (Chin Hills).

442 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Paradoxornis gularis margaritae (Delacour)

Psittiparus margarite Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 47, p. 167 — Jirinh [lat. 11° 31’ N., long. 108° 01
E.], Annam.

Highlands of southern Annam.

PARADOXORNIS HEUDEI

Paradoxornis heudei David
Paradoxornis Heudei David, 1872, Compt. Rend. Acad.
Sci. Paris, 74, p. 1449 — Kiangsu.
Kiangsu (restricted to reed beds bordering the Yangtze
from a few miles above Nanking to a short distance below
Chinkiang).

SUBFAMILY PICATHARTINAE!
HERBERT G. DEIGNAN

GENUS PICATHARTES LESSON

Picathartes Lesson, 1828, Man. Orn., 1, p. 374. Type,
by original designation and monotypy, Corvus gymno-
cephalus Temminck.

PICATHARTES GYMNOCEPHALUS

_— Picathartes gymnocephalus (Temminck)

Corvus gymnocephalus Temminck, 1825, Pl. col., livr. 55,
pl. 327 — locality unknown, but English possessions on
coast of Guinea suggested by Temminck.

Forests of western Africa from Sierra Leone eastward to

Togoland.

PICATHARTES OREAS

— Picathartes oreas Reichenow
Picathartes oreas Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p.
40 — British Cameroons; type alleged to come from
Victoria, flat. 42 007 Ne lone: 9° 120K):
Forests of southern British Cameroons and southwestern
French Cameroons.

1 MS read by J. Delacour, B. P. Hall, K. C. Parkes, A. L. Rand,
and S. D. Ripley.

SUBFAMILY POLIOPTILINAE 443

SUBFAMILY POLIOPTILINAE! 2: 2
RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR.

ef. Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, p. 3, pp. 710-
736 (Polioptila; North and Middle America).
, 1911, op. cit., pt. 5, pp. 84-90 (Ramphocaenus,
Microbates; North and Middle America).

Cory and Hellmayr, 1924, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ.,
Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 3, pp. 205-213 (Ramphocaenus,
Microbates; North and South America).

Hellmayr, 1934, op. cit., pt. 7, pp. 485-510 (Polioptila;
North and South America).

Pinto, 1938, Cat. Aves Brasil, pt. 1, Rev. Mus. Paulista,
22, pp. 491-498 (Ramphocaenus, Microbates).

, 1944, op. cit. (Publ. Dept. Zool., SAo Paulo),
pt. 2, pp. 382-386 (Polioptila).

Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc.
Nat., 12, no. 75, pp. 252-255 (Venezuela).

de Schauensee, 1951, Caldasia (Inst. Cienc. Nat. U.
Nac. Colombia), 5, no. 25, pp. 924-928 (Colombia).

Rand and Traylor, Jr., 1953, Auk, 70, pp. 334-337 (Sys-
tematic position of Ramphocaenus and Microbates).

Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1957, Pacific
Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith. Soc.), no. 33, pp.
201-205; 207-208 (Mexico).

GENUS MICROBATES ScLATER AND SALVIN?

Microbates Sclater and Salvin, 1873, Nomen. Av. Neotrop.,
p. 155. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Microbates torquatus Sclater and Salvin = Rhampho-
caenus collaris Pelzeln.

1 MS read by E. R. Blake, J. Bond, K. C. Parkes, H. Sick, and A.

Wetmore.

2 The three genera in this subfamily are presumably not closely
related to one another, with the possible exception of Microbates and
Ramphocaenus. Their proper taxonomic placement awaits further

study.

3 For Psilorhamphus, now placed in the Rhinocryptidae, see Ad-

denda, p. 456.

4 Possibly congeneric with Ramphocaenus Vieillot, 1819.

444 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

MICROBATES COLLARIS

Microbates collaris paraguensis Phelps
Microbates collaris paraguensis Phelps, 1946, Bol. Soc.
Venezolana Cienc. Nat., 10, p. 153 — Salto Maria Es-
puma, 300 m., Caio Espuma, Alto Rio Paragua, Bolivar,
Venezuela.
Southeastern Bolivar, Venezuela.

~ Microbates collaris collaris (Pelzeln)
Rhamphocaenus collaris Pelzeln, 1868, Orn. Brasil., 2, pp.
84, 157 — Barra do Rio Negro, Marabitanas, and Rio
Icanna, upper Rio Negro; restricted to Barra do Rio
Negro by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 156.
Southwestern Venezuela, southeastern Colombia, extreme
northwestern Brazil, and French Guiana.

-Microbates collaris perlatus Todd
Microbates collaris perlatus Todd, 1927, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 40, p. 161 — Tonantins, Rio Solimdées,
Brazil.
Left bank of the upper Rio Solimd6es, Brazil.

MICROBATES CINEREIVENTRIS

~Microbates cinereiventris semitorquatus (Lawrence)
Ramphocaenus semitorquatus Lawrence, 1862, Ann. Lyc.
Nat. Hist. New York, 7, p. 469 — line of Panama Rail-
road.
Caribbean lowlands from southern Nicaragua through
Costa Rica to western Panama.

~~ Microbates cinereiventris magdalenae Chapman
Microbates cinereiventris magdalenae Chapman, 1915,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, p. 642 — Malena, 1,000
ft., near Puerto Berrio, Magdalena Valley, Antioquia,
Colombia.
Caribbean coast of extreme eastern Panama and lowlands
of northern Colombia east to the Eastern Andes.

__Microbates cinereiventris cinereiventris (Sclater)

Ramphocaenus cinereiventris Sclater, 1855, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, 23, p. 76, pl. 87 — “Pasto,” Colombia;

SUBFAMILY POLIOPTILINAE 445

Buenaventura substituted by Cory and Hellmayr, 1924,
Op. Cit., Dp; 212:
Atrato Valley and entire Pacific coast of Colombia to
Guayas, southwestern Ecuador.

Microbates cinereiventris peruvianus Chapman
Microbates cinereiventris peruvianus Chapman, 1923,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 86, p. 5 — La Pampa, Rio Tava-
ra, tributary of Rio Inambari, northern Puno, Peru.
Tropical zone of southeastern Narino, Colombia; eastern
Ecuador; Junin and Puno, Peru.

GENUS RAMPHOCAENUS VIEILLOT

Ramphocaenus Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 29, p. 5. Type, by monotypy, Ramphocaenus mel-
anurus, Vieillot.

cf. Zimmer, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 917, pp. 11-16
(South American forms).
Eisenmann, 19538, Auk, 70, pp. 368-369 (nest).
Sick, 1954, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 5, pp. 179-190 (biology).
Skutch, 1960, Pacific Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith.
Soc.), no. 34, pp. 54-61 (life history).

RAMPHOCAENUS MELANURUS

— Ramphocaenus melanurus rufiventris (Bonaparte)

Scolopacinus rufiventris Bonaparte, 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 5 (18387), p. 119 — Guatemala.

Tropical southeastern Mexico, except Yucatan Peninsula,
from Veracruz and Oaxaca southward through Central
America, except northern Guatemala, to southwestern Cor-
doba, northern Colombia, and eastern Ecuador; apparently
absent in eastern Colombia.

~- Ramphocaenus melanurus ardeleo Van Tyne and Trautman
Ramphocaenus rufiventris ardeleo Van Tyne and Traut-
man, 1941, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no.
439, p. 9 — Chichén Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.
Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, in Campeche, Yucatan, and
Quintana Roo, and in Petén, Guatemala.

446 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ramphocaenus melanurus sanctaemarthae Sclater 5

Ramphocaenus sanctae[-|marthae Sclater, 1861, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 380 — Santa Marta, Colombia.
Caribbean coast from central Cordoba, northern Colombia,
east to western Zulia, northwestern Venezuela.

Ramphocaenus melanurus griseodorsalis Chapman
Rhamphocaenus rufiventris griseodorsalis Chapman, 1912,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, p. 145 — Miraflores,
6,800 ft., east of Palmira, west slope of Central Andes,
Valle, Colombia.
Western central Colombia from Antioquia south to Valle.

Ramphocaenus melanurus pallidus Todd

Ramphocaenus melanurus pallidus Todd, 19138, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 26, p. 172—El Hacha, Yaracuy,
Venezuela.

Zulia Valley, east of the Andes in northeastern Colombia,
through northern Venezuela from eastern Falcdén to
Miranda.

Ramphocaenus melanurus trinitatis Lesson

Ramphocaenus trinitatis Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool. [Paris],
2, p. 42 — Trinidad (possibly erroneous; vide Cory and
Hellmayr, 1924, op. cit., p. 206).

Trinidad, through tropical northeastern, central, and

western Venezuela to Meta, eastern Colombia.

Ramphocaenus melanurus duidae Zimmer

Ramphocaenus melanurus duidae Zimmer, 1937, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 917, p. 15 — Esmeralda, 325 ft., [near]
Mt. Duida, Venezuela.

Amazonas and most of Bolivar, southern Venezuela; east-
ern slopes of the Andes in northeastern Ecuador; presum-
ably in southwestern Colombia, but the species as yet un-
recorded there.

Ramphocaenus melanurus badius Zimmer
Ramphocaenus melanurus badius Zimmer, 1937, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 917, p. 11— mouth of Rio Cinipa,
Loreto, Peru.
Northeastern Peru, generally north of Rio Maranon, and
southeastern Ecuador.

SUBFAMILY POLIOPTILINAE 447

Ramphocaenus melanurus obscurus Zimmer

Ramphocaenus melanurus obscurus Zimmer, 1931, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 509, p. 2— Santa Rosa, upper Ucayali
(left bank), Loreto, Peru.

Known only from Santa Rosa on the western bank of the

upper Rio Ucayali, Loreto, and from Puerto Yessup, on the
upper Rio Pichis, Junin, Peru.

-Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum Hellmayr

Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum Hellmayr, 1907,
Novit. Zool., 14, p. 66 — Teffé, Rio Solimoées, Brazil.
Right bank of the upper Ucayali, Loreto, Peru and north-
western Brazil, south of the Amazon, east to the Rio Tapa-
jos.

Ramphocaenus melanurus sticturus Hellmayr

Ramphocaenus sticturus Hellmayr, 1902, Verh. Zool.-Bot.
Ges. Wien, 52, p. 97 — Villa Bella de Mato Grosso, up-
per Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Northwestern Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Ramphocaenus melanurus albiventris Sclater
Ramphocaenus albiventris Sclater, 1883, Ibis, p. 95 —
Surinam.
Easternmost Bolivar, Venezuela through British Guiana,
Surinam, and French Guiana and northeastern Brazil, prob-
ably south to the left bank of the Amazon.

Ramphocaenus melanurus austerus Zimmer
Ramphocaenus melanurus austerus Zimmer, 1937, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 917, p. 12 — Pedral, Baiao, right bank
of Rio Tocantins, Para, Brazil.
Eastern Para, south of Tocantins, and northern Maran-
hao, Brazil.

~Ramphocaenus melanurus melanurus Vieillot

Ramphocaenus melanurus Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist.
Nat., nouv. éd., 29, p. 6 — Brazil [= vicinity of Rio de
Janeiro].

Coastal region of northern and eastern Brazil from Per-

nambuco to Sao Paulo.

448 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENUS POLIOPTILA SCLATER

Polioptila Sclater, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 23, p. 11.
Type, by subsequent designation (Baird, 1864, Rev.
Amer. Birds, 1, p. 67), Motacilla caerulea Linnaeus.

ef. Zimmer, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1168, 7 pp.

(P. plumbea; P. guianensis).

Brodkorb, 1944, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 34, pp.
312-316 (P. albiloris).

Bent, 1949, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 196, pp. 344-383 (life
histories of P. caerulea and P. melanura).

Skutch, 1960, Pacific Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith.
Soc.), no. 34, pp. 43-53 (life history of P. plumbea).

POLIOPTILA CAERULEA
_ Polioptila caerulea caerulea (Linnaeus)

Motacilla caerulea Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1,
p. 337 — Pennsylvania [= Philadelphia, Pennsylvania].

Culicivora mexicana Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1
(1850), p. 816 — Mexico [= Ciudad Oaxaca; vide Strese-
mann, 1954, Condor, 56, p. 90].

Breeds from eastern Nebraska, central Minnesota, south-
ern Wisconsin, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, central
New York, and southern Massachusetts south to Gulf Coast
from southern Texas east to central Florida, and in the
Bahamas; casual visitor in coastal New England north to
Maine. Winters from central (Michoacan) and northeastern
(Nuevo Leon) Mexico, the Gulf states, and Virginia to Gua-
temala, the Yucatan Peninsula (probably), Cuba, and the
Bahamas.

Polioptila caerulea amoenissima Grinnell

Polioptila caerulea amoenissima Grinnell, 1926, Proc. Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 15, p. 494 — Pleasant Valley,
600 ft., Mariposa County, California.

Breeds from northern California, central Nevada, south-
ern Utah, and Colorado south to northernmost Baja Cali-
fornia, northern Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo
Leon. Winters from southern California, southern Nevada,
central Arizona, southern New Mexico, western Texas, Coa-
huila, Nuevo, Leén, and Tamaulipas south to central Baja

SUBFAMILY POLIOPTILINAE 449

California, Colima, Michoacan, Morelos, and Puebla; ? Yuca-
tan.
_Polioptila caerulea obscura Ridgway
Polioptila caerulea obscura Ridgway, 1883, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 5 (1882), p. 535 — San José del Cabo, Baja
California, Mexico.

Baja California from about lat. 28° N. south to the Cape
district.

?Polioptila caerulea gracilis van Rossem and Hachisuka
Polioptila caerulea gracilis van Rossem and Hachisuka,
1937, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50, p. 109 — Rancho
Santa Barbara, ca. 5,000 ft., 20 mi. NE. Guirocoba,
SE. Sonora, Mexico.
Breeds in foothills of southeastern Sonora; winters in
lowlands to west and on Isla San Esteban.

_Polioptila caerulea deppei van Rossem
Polioptila caerulea deppei van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 77, p. 402— Rio Lagartos, Yucatan,
Mexico.
Southeastern Mexico from San Luis Potosi and Guana-
juato through Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Veracruz, Tabasco,
and northern Chiapas to Yucatan Peninsula.

Polioptila caerulea cozumelae Griscom
Polioptila caerulea cozumelae Griscom, 1926, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 236, p. 10 — Isla Cozumel, Yucatan [= Quin-
tana Roo], Mexico.
Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico.

__Polioptila caerulea nelsoni Ridgway ‘
Polioptila nelsoni Ridgway, 1908, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 16, p. 109 — Ciudad Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Southwestern and southern Mexico in Guerrero, Oaxaca,
and central and southern Chiapas.

POLIOPTILA MELANURA

Polioptila melanura californica Brewster
Polioptila californica Brewster, 1881, Bull. Nuttall Orn.
Club, 6, p. 103 — Riverside, San Bernardino Co. [= Riv-
erside Co.], California.

450 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southwestern California from lower Santa Clara Valley
south to northwestern Baja California, west of Sierra San
Pedro Martir, to about lat. 30° N.

_ Polioptila melanura lucida van Rossem

Polioptila melanura lucida van Rossem, 1981, Condor, 33,
p. 36 — 10 miles north of Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico.
Deserts from southeastern California, southernmost Ne-
vada, and central Arizona southward in northeastern Baja
California to about lat. 31° N., and in Sonora, Chihuahua,
and northwestern Durango.

Polioptila melanura melanura Lawrence
Polioptila melanura Lawrence, 1857, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.
New York, 6, p. 168 — Texas [= Rio Grande Valley].
Central western Nevada through Rio Grande Valley, Tex-
as southward in Mexico to Durango (except northwest),
Jalisco, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi, and Tamaulipas.

_ Polioptila melanura pontilis van Rossem
Polioptila melanura pontilis van Rossem, 1931, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 44, p. 99—San Francisquito Bay,
Baja California, Mexico. New name for P. m. nelsoni
van Rossem, 1931, Condor, 33, p. 86; preoccupied.
Central Baja California, from about lat. 28° 26’ N. to
avoutlat: 202 IN.

Polioptila melanura margaritae Ridgway
Polioptila margaritae Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 50, pt. 3, p. 733 — [Santa] Margarita Island,
Baja California, Mexico.
Baja California from about lat. 27° N. southward and on
Islas Santa Margarita and Espiritu Santo.

Polioptila melanura curtata van Rossem

Polioptila melanura curtata van Rossem, 1932, Trans. San
Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 140 — Petrel Bay, east side
of Isla Tiburon, Sonora, Mexico.

Restricted to Isla Tiburoén, Sonora.

POLIOPTILA LEMBEYEI
_Polioptila lembeyei (Gundlach)

Culicivora lembeyet Gundlach, 1858, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.
New York, 6, p. 273 — eastern Cuba.

SUBFAMILY POLIOPTILINAE 451

Confined to eastern Cuba, in provinces of Oriente and
Camagiiey.
POLIOPTILA ALBILORIS

—Polioptila albiloris restricta Brewster
Polioptila nigriceps restricta Brewster, 1889, Auk, 6, p. 97
— Alamos, Sonora, Mexico.
Lowlands of Sonora and adjacent Chihuahua.

~Polioptila albiloris nigriceps Baird
Polioptila nigriceps Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 69
— Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Western Durango and Pacific coast from Sinaloa through
Nayarit and Jalisco to Colima.

Polioptila albiloris vanrossemi Brodkorb
Polioptila albiloris vanrossemi Brodkorb, 1944, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci., 34, p. 312 — Quiotepec, District
of Cuicatlan, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Pacific lowlands and interior of Michoacan, Puebla, Guer-
rero, Oaxaca and Chiapas.

I

Polioptila albiloris albiventris Lawrence
Polioptila albiventris Lawrence, 1885, Ann. New York
Acad. Sci., 3, p. 273 — Temax, Yucatan, Mexico.
Northernmost Yucatan; doubtful record from Isla Cozu-
mel, Quintana Roo.

~ Polioptila albiloris albiloris Sclater and Salvin
Polioptila albiloris Sclater and Salvin, 1860, Proc. Zool.
Soe. London, p. 298 — Motagua Valley, Zacapa, Guate-
mala.
Polioptila bairdi Ridgway, 1908, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 16, p. 110 — San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua.
Interior of Guatemala and Honduras, El Salvador, and
Pacific lowlands of Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica.

POLIOPTILA PLUMBEA!
Polioptila plumbea superciliaris Lawrence
Polioptila superciliaris Lawrence, 1861, Ann. Lyc. Nat.

1 The ranges and relationships of the South American populations
of Polioptila are poorly known. The arrangement of this list is ten-
tative.

452 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Hist. New York, 7, p. 304 — New Grenada, Isthmus of
Panama [= Atlantic slope, near Panama Railroad; fide
Lawrence, loc. cit., p. 322].
Polioptila superciliaris magna Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 16, p. 110 — Cartago, Costa Rica.
Quintana Roo and southern Campeche, Mexico through
Central America to Panama.

?Polioptila plumbea cinericia Wetmore
Polioptila plumbea cinericia Wetmore, 1957, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 134 (9), p. 80 —Isla Coiba, Panama.
Isla Coiba, off Pacific coast of Veraguas, Panama.

___ Polioptila plumbea bilineata (Bonaparte)
Culicivora bilineata Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1
(1850), p. 316 — Cartagena, Colombia.

From the west base of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of northern and west-
ern Colombia south through western Ecuador to the coast
and western slopes of the western Andes of western Peru,
south to department of Libertad.

Polioptila plumbea plumbiceps Lawrence
Polioptila plumbiceps Lawrence, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, 17, p. 837 — Venezuela; restricted to
Tucacas, Falcon, by Zimmer, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
nO. 1168; p.-d;

Northern Colombia, from eastern base of Sierra Nevada
de Santa Marta and the eastern side of the Eastern Andes
in Norte de Santander, through northern Venezuela to Su-
cre, and south to the Llanos de Guarico in Portuguesa and
Barinas.

~~ Polioptila plumbea anteocularis Hellmayr
Polioptila nigriceps anteocularis Hellmayr, 1900, Novit.
Zool., 7, p. 5387 — “Bogota,’”’ Colombia.
Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia.

Polioptila plumbea daguae Chapman
Polioptila livida daguae Chapman, 1915, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 34, p. 648 — Los Cisneros, Rio Dagua, Valle,
Colombia.

SUBFAMILY POLIOPTILINAE 453

Region of the Rio Dagua and the upper Rio Patia, Valle,
Colombia.
—Polioptila plumbea innotata Hellmayr
Polioptila buffoni innotata Hellmayr, 1901, Novit. Zool.,
8, p. 8359 — Forte de Sao Joaquim, upper Rio Branco,
Brazil.
From extreme eastern Colombia, along the Orinoco
through southern Venezuela, and south to British Guiana
and the Rio Branco region of extreme northern Brazil.

~ Polioptila plumbea plumbea (Gmelin)
Todus plumbeus Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, p. 444
— Surinam.

Surinam, French Guiana, and northern Brazil west to the
Rio Tapajoz and south to northern Maranhao.

— Polioptila plumbea maior! Hellmayr
P(olioptila) nigriceps maior Hellmayr, 1900, Novit. Zool.,
7, p. 588 — Sueccha [= Succha], 3,000 m., Huamachuco,
Libertad, Peru.
Northern Peru, in catchment basin of the upper Rio
Maranon and its tributaries, in departments of Piura, Lam-
bayeque, Cajamarca, and Libertad.

Polioptila plumbea parvirostris Sharpe
Polioptila parvirostris Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
10, pp. 441, 448 — Chamicuros, Rio Amazonas, Peru.
Eastern Peru on the upper Amazon and southern tribu-
taries (Huallaga; Ucayali) of the Maranon; range poorly
known.

_Polioptila plumbea atricapilla (Swainson)
Culicivora atricapilla Swainson, 1832, Zool. Ill., 2nd ser.,
2, pl. 57 —no locality; probably Bahia, Brazil (vide
Hellmayr, 1934, ibid., p. 495).
Northeastern Brazil from the interior of Maranhao
through Piaui, Ceara, Pernambuco, and Bahia.

1 P. p. “major” is an unjustified emendation.

454 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

POLIOPTILA LACTEA!

Polioptila lactea Sharpe
Polioptila lactea Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10,
p. 4538 — South America; Rio de Janeiro suggested by
Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser.,
35 pts 7, pe 4942
Southeastern Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro, Sio Paulo, and
Parana, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina,
in Misiones.

POLIOPTILA GUIANENSIS?

Polioptila guianensis facilis Zimmer
Polioptila guianensis facilis Zimmer, 1942, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1168, p. 6 — Solano, Rio Casiquiare, Ama-
zonas, Venezuela.
South-central Amazonas, Venezuela and adjacent north-
eastern Brazil, in region of upper Rio Negro.

Polioptila guianensis guianensis Todd
Pohoptila guianensis Todd, 1920, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 33, p. 72—Tamanoir, Mana River, French
Guiana.
British Guiana, Surinam, and French Guiana.

Polioptila guianensis paraensis Todd
Polhioptila paraensis Todd, 1937, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 25,
p. 255 — Benevides, Para, Brazil.
Para, Brazil; known only from the type locality, near
Belém, and from Caxiricatuba, on the Rio Tapajoz.

POLIOPTILA SCHISTACEIGULA

Polioptila schistaceigula Hartert
Polioptila schistaceigula Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 7, p. 30 — Cachabi [= Cachavi], 500 ft., Esmeral-
das, Ecuador.
Eastern Panama; Colombia on the Pacific coast and the
interior to the lower Cauca and middle Magdalena Valleys;
western Ecuador.

1 Possibly conspecific with P. plumbea.
2 Possibly conspecific with P. schistaceigula.

SUBFAMILY POLIOPTILINAE 455

POLIOPTILA DUMICOLA

_—-Polioptila dumicola berlepschi Hellmayr
Polioptila berlepschi Hellmayr, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p. 356
— Cuyaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Central Brazil, in states of Goiaz, western Minas Gerais,
Sao Paulo, and Mato Grosso (except southwest), and eastern
Bolivia.

——Polioptila dumicola dumicola (Vieillot)

Sylvia dumicola Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,

nouv. éd., 11, p. 170 — Paraguay.

Rio Grande do Sul and southwestern Mato Grosso, Brazil,
west to central and southern Bolivia, and southward through
Paraguay and Uruguay to states of La Rioja, Cordoba, and
Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Polioptila dumicola saturata Todd
Polioptila dumicola saturata Todd, 1946, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 59, p. 155 — Samaipata, Bolivia.
Highlands of Bolivia.

ADDENDA

FAMILY RHINOCRYPTIDAE (PART)
RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR.

The affinities of Psilorhamphus have long been obscure.
Cory and Hellmayr (1924, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool.
Ser., 13, pt. 3, p. 204) placed the genus with the Formicari-
idae. Peters (1951, Check-list, 7, p. 213) intended to place
it with the Sylviidae. Sick (1954, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 5, pp.
179-190) provisionally considered it to be one of the Formi-
cariidae, but later Plétnick (1958, Physis, 21, pp. 130-136)
presented convincing anatomical evidence that Psilorham-
phus is actually a representative of the Rhinocryptidae.

Wetmore (in litt.) suggests placing the genus near Scyta-
lopus.

GENUS PSILORHAMPHUS ScLATER

Psilorhamphus Sclater, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 23,
p. 90. New name for Leptorhynchus Ménétriés, 1835,
preoccupied by Leptorhynchus Clift, 1829. Type, by
monotypy, Leptorhynchus guttatus Ménétriés.

cf. Cory and Hellmayr, 1924, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ.,
Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8, pp. 204-205.
Pinto, 1988, Cat. Aves Brasil, pt. 1, Rev. Mus. Paulista,
22, pp. 490-491.
Partridge, 1954, Rev. Inst. Nac. Invest. Cienc. Nat., 3,
pp. 146-147 (Argentina).

PSILORHAMPHUS GUTTATUS
Psilorhamphus guttatus (Ménétriés)

Leptorhynchus guttatus Ménétriés, 1885, Mém. Acad.
Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, ser. 6, 3, pt. 2 (sci. nat.), p.
516, pl. 10, fig. 1 — “Cuyaba,” [? Minas Gerais,] Brazil.

Southeastern Brazil in Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro,

Sao Paulo, Parana, and ? Minas Gerais, and in Misiones,
northeastern Argentina.

INDEX

abbotti, Cyanecula, 44
abbotti, Erithacus, 44
abbotti, Erythropygia, 19
abbotti, Kittacincla, 70
abbotti, Malacocincla, 256
abbotti, Trichastoma, 255

abbreviatus, Pomatorhinus, 269

abditiva, Cataponera, 161
abuensis, Dumetia, 317
abyssinica, Alcippe, 411
abyssinica, Drymophila, 412
abyssinicus, Crateropus, 342
abyssinicus, Turdus, 182
acaciae, Sphenura, 335
acaciae, Turdoides, 335
Acanthoptila, 332

accentor, Catharus, 164
acholiensis, Erithacus, 34
acholiensis, Sheppardia, 34
achrustera, Merula, 226
achrusterus, Turdus, 226
acrum, Pellorneum, 243
Actinodura, 390

Actinura, 391

adamauae, Saxicola, 109
adamauae, Turdus, 179
adamsi, Copsychus, 67
Adelura, 74

adjacens, Drymodes, 29
adjuncta, Stachyris, 304
Aedon, 32

Aegithocichla, 145

aegra, Oenanthe, 130
aenigma, Elocincla, 254
aenobarbulus, Pteruthius, 389
aenobarbus, Allotrius, 389
aenobarbus, Pteruthius, 389
aenopennis, Catharus, 165
Aenopogon, 385
aequatorialis, Callene, 34
aequatorialis, Erithacus, 34
aeralatus, Pteruthius, 386
aethalea, Aethostoma, 252
aethiops, Myrmecocichla, 116
aethiops, Poecilodryas, 114
aethiops, Saxicola, 114
Aethocichla, 332
Aethostoma, 248

INDEX

affine, Malacopteron, 263
affine, Trichastoma, 263
affinis, Crateropus, 343
affinis, Garrulax, 374
affinis, Malacocircus, 339
affinis, Oreocincla, 157
affinis, Petrocincla, 139
affinis, Rhyacornis, 80
affinis, Stachyris, 307
affinis, Turdoides, 339
affinis, Xanthopygia, 80
affinis, Zosterornis, 307
africana, Lusciola, 41
africanus, Erithacus, 41
Afrocichla, 178
aglae, Minla, 394
aglae, Siva, 394
agnetae, Turdus, 189
Agrobates, 18
ahomensis, Gampsorhynchus,
390
airensis, Cercomela, 102
Ajax, 231
ajax, Cinclosoma, 234
ajax, Eupetes, 234
akahige, Erithacus, 38
akahige, Sylvia, 38
akeleyae, Alethe, 64
alare, Cinclosoma, 234
alaris, Cinclosoma, 234
alaschanica, Rutirilla, 74
alaschanicus, Phoenicurus, 74
albicans, Cercomela, 99
albicans, Saxicola, 99
albicapilla, Cossypha, 59
albicapillus, Turdus, 59
albiceps, Turdus, 193
albicollis, Ixulus, 422
albicollis, Turdus, 187, 222
albicollis, Yuhina, 422
albifacies, Paradoxornis, 436
albifacies, Suthora, 436
albifrons, Merula, 197
albifrons, Myrmecocichla, 118
albifrons, Saxicola, 118
albifrons, Turdus, 197
albigula, Cyanoderma, 316
albigula, Stachyris, 316

460

albigularis, Bessornis, 57
albigularis, Callene, 57
albigularis, Cossypha, 57
albilineata, Alcippe, 398
albilineatus, Lioparus, 398
albiloris, Polioptila, 451
albimentalis, Cossypha, 52
albipectus, Pomatorhinus, 275
albipectus, Trichastoma, 258
albipectus, Turdinus, 258
albipectus, Turdus
albipileata, Dromolaea, 130
albipileata, Oenanthe, 130
albiscapulata, Saxicola, 119
albiscapulata, Thamnolaea, 119
albiventer, Macrorthonyx, 229
albiventer, Pnoepyga, 293
albiventer, Tesia, 293
albiventer, Turdus, 215
albiventre, Pellorneum, 246
albiventris, Brachypteryx, 15
albiventris, Callene, 15
albiventris, Copsychus, 69
albiventris, Kittacincla, 69
albiventris, Mimocichla, 209
albiventris, Neornis, 246
albiventris, Polioptila, 451
albiventris, Ramphocaenus, 447
albiventris, Turdus, 209
albocaeruleus, Tarsiger, 48
albocinctus, Turdus, 187
albofasciata, Saxicola, 108
albogulare, Malacopteron, 265
albogularis, Dumetia, 317
albogularis, Garrulax, 351
albogularis, Geocichla, 148
albogularis, Ianthocincla, 351
albogularis, Malacocercus, 317
albogularis, Pomatorhinus, 278
albogularis, Setaria, 265
albogularis, Zoothera, 148
alboniger, Oenanthe, 129
alboniger, Saxicola, 129
albonotata, Pratincola, 114
albonotata, Saxicola, 114
albonotatus, Crocias, 416
albonotatus, Lanius, 416
albospecularis, Copsychus, 68
albospecularis, Turdus, 68
albostriatus, Rimator, 284
albosuperciliaris, Garrulax, 369
Alcippe, 397

INDEX

Alcippornis, 398

alearis, Alcippe, 408
alearis, Alcippornis, 408
Alethe, 61

alexandri, Alethe, 63
alexandrovi, Panurus, 430
alexandrovi, Phoenicurus, 76
algeriensis, Erithacus, 77
algira, Merula, 190

aliciae, Turdus, 171

alisteri, Cinclosoma, 234
alius, Pomatorhinus, 277
Allocotops, 349

Allotrius, 385

almae, Catharus, 171
almae, Hylocichla, 174
alpestris, Merula, 188
alpestris, Turdus, 188
alphonsiana, Suthora, 435
alphonsianus, Paradoxornis, 485
altaica, Cyanecula, 44
alterum, Trichastoma, 255
alticola, Catharus, 168
altiloquus, Turdus, 218
altirostre, Chrysomma, 329
altirostris, Crateropus, 332
altirostris, Moupinia, 329
altirostris, Turdoides, 332
amabile, Sialia, 85

amabile, Trichastoma, 255
amabilis, Eupetes, 236
amabilis, Malacocincla, 255
amabilis, Ptilorrhoa, 236
amabilis, Sialia, 85
ambigua, Stachyrhidopsis, 303
amadoni, Rimator, 284
amadoni, Turdus, 147
amaliae, Saxicola, 106
Amalocichla, 160

amami, Turdus, 157
amaurochalinus, Turdus, 216
amazonum, Ramphocaenus, 447
ambigua, Stachyris, 303
amicorum, Turdus, 188
amoena, Alcippe, 398
amoena, Fulvetta, 398
amoenissima, Polioptila, 448
amoenus, Copsychus, 67
amoenus, Turdus, 67
ampelina, Yuhina, 424
amyae, Napothera, 291
amy, Turdinulus, 291

INDEX 461

anabelae, Sialia, 84
Anacrites, 431

anadyrensis, Calliope, 41
andamanensis, Copsychus, 66
andamanensis, Geocichla, 148
andamanensis, Zoothera, 148
anderseni, Saxicola, 113
andromedae, Myiothera, 154
andromedae, Zoothera, 154
Androphobus, 229

angamea, Larvivora, 46
angolensis, Cercomela, 98
angolensis, Monticola, 137
angustirostris, Turdus, 156
ankaratrae, Saxicola, 111
annamense, Trichastoma, 249
annamensis, Alcippe, 409
annamensis, Corythocichla, 288
annamensis, Drymocataphus, 249
annamensis, Dryonastes, 350
annamensis, Garrulax, 368
annamensis, Napothera, 288
annamensis, Pnoepyga, 294
annamensis, Pomatorhinus, 273
annamensis, Pteruthius, 386
annamensis, Pterythius, 386
annamensis, Stactocichla, 368
-annectens, Heterophasia, 416
annectans, Leioptila, 416
anomala, Callene, 58
anomala, Cossypha, 57
anomalus, Crateropus, 341
ansorgei, Alcippe, 412
ansorgei, Cossypha, 58
ansorgei, Lioptilus, 412
ansorgei, Xenocopsychus, 58
ansorgii, Erythropygia, 21
anteocularis, Polioptila, 452
anthracinus, Turdus, 210
Anuropsis, 248

apega, Cyanoderma, 315
Aprunella, 3

aquilonalis, Planesticus, 218
aquilonalis, Turdus, 218
aralensis, Cyanecula, 43
arcana, Argya, 334
Arceuthornis, 177

archeri, Cossypha, 52
archimedes, Saxicola, 106
archipelagica, Mixornis, 321
archipelagicus, Macronous, 321
ardeleo, Ramphocaenus, 445

ardosiaca, Leioptila, 418
ardosiaceus, Turdus, 209
arduennus, Prunella, 11
argentauris, Leiothrix, 381
argentauris, Mesia, 381
argentea, Mixornis, 323
argentea, Saxicola, 124
argenteus, Macronous, 323
arguta, Alcippe, 406
argutus, Proparus, 406
Argya, 331

armandi, Pomatorhinus, 268
armenica, Saxicola, 107
armoricanus, Erithacus, 37
arnotti, Myrmecocichla, 117
arnotti, Saxicola, 118
arquata, Cichladusa, 61
arquatellus, Xiphorhamphus, 282
Arrenga, 140

arrhenii, Neocossyphus, 95
artemisiae, Cinclosoma, 365
artemisiae, Garrulax, 365
arthuri, Planesticus, 217
arthuri, Turdus, 217
arundicola, Timalia, 326
ashbyi, Pomatostomus, 281
assamense, Trichastoma, 248
assamensis, Drymocataphus, 248
assamensis, Garrulax, 364
assamensis, Ianthocincla, 364
assamensis, Pomatorhinus, 271
assamicus, Macronus, 319
assimilis, Stachyris, 306
assimilis, Turdus, 222
assmilis, Strachyrhis, 306
asthenia, Cercomela, 96
astleyi, Leiothrix, 384
astleyi, Liothrix, 384

ater, Copsychus, 67

ater, Turdoides, 345
aterrima, Merula, 190
aterrimus, Phoenicurus, 75
aterrimus, Turdus, 190
atlas, Erithacus, 37
atmorii, Saxicola, 131
atragularis, Accentor, 9
atrata, Pratincola, 113
atrata, Saxicola, 113
atrata, Zoothera, 159
atricapilla, Culicivora, 453
atricapilla, Polioptila, 453
atriceps, Alcippe, 412

462 INDEX

atriceps, Brachypteryx, 317
atriceps, Pseudominla, 400
atriceps, Rhopocichla, 317
atriceps, Turdinus, 412
atrigularis, Cacopitta, 287
atrigularis, Napothera, 287
atripennis, Crateropus, 414
atripennis, Phyllanthus, 414
atrogularis, Accentor, 9
atrogularis, Prunella, 9
atrogularis, Saxicola, 125
atrogularis, Turdus, 202
atro-sericea, Merula, 212
atrosericeus, Turdus, 212
atrosuperciliaris, Chleuasicus,
440
atrosuperciliaris, Paradoxornis,
439
atrotinctus, Turdus, 223
atrovinacea, Yuhina, 422
audacis, Geocichla, 147
audacis, Zoothera, 147
auduboni, Catharus, 174
auduboni, Turdus, 174
aurantiirostris, Catharus, 164
aurantiirostris, Turdus, 166
aurantius, Chaetops, 28
aurantius, Turdus, 208
aurata, Geocichla, 148
aurata, Stachyris, 306
aurata, Zoothera, 148
auratus, Garrulax, 361
aurea, Zoothera, 155
aureigularis, Leiothrix, 381
aureigularis, Mesia, 381
aureus, Turdus, 156
auricularis, Heterophasia, 419
auricularis, Kittacincla, 419
aurimacula, Turdus, 148
aurimacula, Zoothera, 148
auritus, Turdus, 206
aurorea, Motacilla, 79
auroreus, Phoenicurus, 78
aussae, Cercomela, 102
austeni, Alcippe, 401
austeni, Garrulax, 372
austeni, Grammatoptila, 357
austeni, Paradoxornis, 433
austeni, Pomatorhinus, 276
austeni, Proparus, 401
austeni, Trochalopteron, 372
austerus, Ramphocaenus, 447

australasianus, Turdus, 158
australis, Drymocataphus, 249
australis, Sialia, 85
australoabyssinicus, Turdus, 185
autochthones, Thamnolaea, 121
axillaris, Pratincola, 109
axillaris, Saxicola, 109
aylmeri, Argya, 335

aylmeri, Turdoides, 335
azorensis, Turdus, 189
azurea, Cochoa, 89

azurea, Sialia, 83

azureus, Turdus, 89

babaulti, Pellorneum, 245
babaulti, Seotocichla, 245
Babax, 346

bacatus, Enicurus, 88
badeigularis, Spelaeornis, 296
badia, Prunella, 7

badius, Garrulax, 353
badius, Ramphocaenus, 446
baileyi, Ixulus, 423

bairdi, Polioptila, 451
bairdi, Sialia, 84

bakeri, Garrulax, 353
bakeri, Liocichla, 380
bakeri, Napothera, 291
bakeri, Paradoxornis, 440
bakeri, Pomatorhinus, 274
bakeri, Scaeorhynchus, 440
bakeri, Trochalopteron, 380
bakeri, Turdinulus, 287, 291
bakeri, Turdinus, 287
bakeri, Yuhina, 422
baleanicus, Erithacus, 37
baliensis, Cyanoderma, 316
baliensis, Stachyris, 316
ballioni, Luscinia, 45
balticus, Turdus, 207
bamba, Pomatorhinus, 280
bamba, Pomatostomus, 280
bambarae, Thamnolaea, 120
bambuseti, Conostoma, 431
bambusicola, Turdus, 188
bangsi, Catharus, 165
bangsi, Sheppardia, 35
bangsi, Stachyridopsis, 304
bankana, Erythrocichla, 252
banjakensis, Stachyris, 313
baraka, Merula, 182
baraka, Turdus, 182

barakae, Trichastoma, 258
barakae, Turdinus, 258
barbaritoi, Catharus, 166
barbata, Cossypha, 26
barbata, Erythropygia, 26
barbouri, Copsychus, 72
barbouri, Kittacincla, 72
barlowi, Cercomela, 100
barlowi, Phoenicuroides, 100
barnesi, Oenanthe, 127
barnesi, Saxicola, 127
bartteloti, Cossypha, 56
barussana, Malacocincla, 253
barussanum, Trichastoma, 253
basilanica, Ptilocichla, 285
batesi, Callene, 52

batesi, Cossypha, 52

batesi, Geocichla, 153

batesi, Trichastoma, 258
batesi, Turdinus, 258

batesi, Zoothera, 153
bathoica, Catharus, 165
Bathyrynchus, 431
batuensis, Macronus, 325
baweana, Malacocincla, 256
baweanum, Trichastoma, 256
bayleyi, Heterophasia, 417
bayleyi, Leioptila, 417
beauforti, Napothera, 287
beauforti, Turdinus, 287
beaulieui, Paradoxornis, 438
beaulieui, Pomatorhinus, 275
bebba, Pomatostomus, 282
beccarii, Cochoa, 89

beccarii, Drymodes, 29
becki, Turdus, 197

behnkei, Monticola, 139
beicki, Luscinia, 41

beicki, Phoenicurus, 78
beicki, Prunella, 6

belcheri, Turdus, 154
belensis, Saxicola, 114
belousovi, Prunella, 11
bengalensis, Malacocercus, 338
bengalensis, Timalia, 326
benguellensis, Cercomela, 100
benguellensis, Erythropygia, 24
benguellensis, Karrucincla, 100
bensoni, Erithacus, 36
bensoni, Sheppardia, 36
berezowskii, Laiscopus, 5
berlepschi, Polioptila, 455

INDEX 463

berlepschi, Turdus, 224
berliozi, Alcippe, 403
berthemyi, Garrulax, 367
berthemyi, Ianthocincla, 367
Bessornis, 50

besuki, Aethostoma, 250
besuki, Trichastoma, 250
bethelae, Garrulax, 374
bewsheri, Turdus, 178
bhamoensis, Pomatorhinus, 275
bhamoensis, Stachyridopsis, 304
bhamoensis, Stachyris, 304
bianchii, Planesticus, 219
biarmicus, Panurus, 430
biarmicus, Parus, 430
bicknelli, Catharus, 171
bicknelli, Hylocichla, 171
bicolor, Brachypteryx, 252
bicolor, Chimarrhornis, 80
bicolor, Cratopus, 346
bicolor, Garrulax, 353
bicolor, Merula, 198

bicolor, Rhyacornis, 80
biolor, Saxicola, 112

bicolor, Stachyris, 315
bicolor, Timalia, 315
bicolor, Trichastoma, 252
bicolor, Turdoides, 346
biesenbachi, Turdus, 193
bieti, Alcippe, 401

bieti, Garrulax, 364

bieti, Ianthocincla, 364
bieti, Proparus, 401
bifasciata, Oenanthe, 122
bifasciata, Saxicola, 122
bilineata, Culicivora, 452
bilineata, Polioptila, 452
bilkevitchi, Garrulax, 371
bilkevitchi, Janthocincla, 371
bilkevitchi, Trochalopteron, 371
billypayni, Argya, 335
billypayni, Turdoides, 335
binghami, Stachyris, 306
birchalli, Catharus, 166
biswasi, Dryonastes, 366
bithynicus, Turdus, 207
blanchardi, Schoeniparus, 404
blanfordi, Accentor, 11
blighi, Arrenga, 140

blighi, Myiophoneus, 140
blythi, Alcippe, 408

blythii, Garrulax, 375

464

blythii, Trochalopteron, 375
bocagei, Cossypha, 50
bocagei, Peliocichla, 180
bocagei, Stachyris, 306
bocagei, Trichastoma, 259
bocagei, Turdinus, 259
bocagei, Turdus, 180
bochaiensis, Erithacus, 47
bochaiensis, Larvivora, 47
bohndorffi, Crateropus, 415
bohndorffi, Phyllanthus, 415
boholensis, Macronous, 324
boholensis, Stachyris, 307
bonapartei, Turdus, 207
bondi, Turdus, 218
bonvaloti, Babax, 347, 374
bonvaloti, Trochalopteron, 373
boranensis, Argya, 835
boranensis, Turdoides, 335
borbonensis, Saxicola, 111
borbonica, Motacilla, 111
borbonica, Pratincola, 111
borneensis, Enicurus, 88
borneensis, Eupetes, 238
borneensis, Enicurus, 88
borneensis, Myiophoneus, 141
borneensis, Stachyris, 311
bornensis, Macronous, 323
bornensis, Mixornis, 3238
bornensis, Pomatorhinus, 274
Borisia, 302

boscaweni, Oenanthe, 128
bottae, Campicola, 122
bottae, Oenanthe, 122
bougainvillei, Turdus, 196
boulboul, Lanius, 188
boulboul, Turdus, 188
bourdilloni, Alcippe, 318
bourdilloni, Merula, 192
bourdilloni, Rhopocichla, 318
bourdilloni, Turdus, 192
bowdleri, Turdoides, 336
Brachypteryx, 14
brahmaputra, Garrulax, 357
brevicauda, Amalocichla, 161
brevicauda, Cittacincla, 70
brevicauda, Drymoedus, 161
brevicaudata, Napothera, 288
brevicaudatus, Turdinus, 289
brevipes, Monticola, 1386
brevipes, Petrocincla, 136
brevirostris, Bathyrynchus, 4383

INDEX

brevirostris, Drymodes, 29
brevirostris, Pomatorhinus, 266
brodkorbi, Turdus, 190
brooksbanki, Oenanthe, 131
browni, Pomatostomus, 280
brucei, Alcippe, 407

brunnea, Alcippe, 405
brunnea, Ifrita, 240

brunnea, Larvivora, 46
brunnea, Suthora, 435
brunneicauda, Alcippe, 406
brunneicauda, Hyloterpe, 406
brunneicauda, Minla, 399
brunneiceps, Brachypteryx, 17
brunneiceps, Erythropygia, 20
brunneiceps, Yuhina, 425
brunneopygia, Drymodes, 29
brunnescens, Herpornis, 427
brunnescens, Yuhina, 427
brunneus, Erithacus, 46
brunneus, Paradoxornis, 4385
brunneus, Turdus, 218
buchanani, Crateropus, 335
buchanani, Myrmecocichla, 116
buchanani, Turdoides, 335
bucharensis, Phoenicurus, 77
buddae, Turdus, 191
buergersi, Ptilorrhoa, 237
buettikoferi, Trichastoma, 249
bulomachus, Paradoxornis, 435
bulomachus, Suthora, 435
bungurense, Malacopterum, 264
burchelli, Chaetops, 28
burgersi, Eupetes, 237
burmanica, Heterophasia, 420
burmanica, Saxicola, 112
buttikoferi, Malacocincla, 256
buttikoferi, Trichastoma, 249
buttikoferi, Trichostoma, 256
buturlini, Turdus, 201
buxtoni, Crateropus, 342

cabanisi, Turdus, 181
cabrerae, Turdus, 189
cachinnans, Garrulax, 370
cachinnaus, Crateropus, 370
Cacopitta, 286

cacozela, Merula, 210
cacozelus, Turdus, 210
caerulatus, Cinclosoma, 366
caerulatus, Garrulax, 366

caerulea, Gracula, 143
caerulea, Motacilla, 448
caerulea, Polioptila, 448
caeruleocephala, Phoenicura, 75
caeruleocephalus, Phoenicurus,
75
caerulescens, Eupetes, 236
caerulescens, Ptilorrhoa, 236
caeruleus, Myiophoneus, 142
caeruleus, Myophonus, 143
caesitergum, Phoenicurus, 77
caffra, Cossypha, 56
caffra, Motacilla, 57
caffra, Pratincola, 110
Caffrornis, 50
cagayanensis, Macronous, 323
cagayanensis, Mixornis, 323
Calamornis, 432
calcicola, Napothera, 288
calidus, Garritornis, 278
calidus, Pomatorhinus, 278
californica, Polioptila, 449
caligiformis, Luscinia, 40
calipyga, Bahila, 383
calipyga, Leiothrix, 383
calipyga, Mesia, 383
Callene, 81
calligyna, Brachypteryx, 15
calligyna, Heinrichia, 15
Calliope, 33
calliope, Erithacus, 41
calliope, Motacilla, 41
calliphthongus, Turdus, 222
calophonus, Myadestes, 90
calvus, Allocotops, 356
calvus, Garrulax, 356
cambaiensis, Saxicoloides, 133
cambaiensis, Sylvia, 133
cambodiana, Notodela, 82
cambodianum, Cinclidium, 82
cameranoi, Pteruthius, 387
cameronensis, Geocichla, 153
cameronensis, Zoothera, 153
Campicola, 121
campicolina, Oenanthe, 123
campicolina, Saxicola, 123
Campicoloides, 121
camtschatkensis, Turdus, 41
cana, Heterophasia, 420
cana, Sibia, 420
canaster, Suthora, 432
candelae, Myadestes, 92

INDEX 465

canescens, Erpornis, 427
canescens, Merula, 196
canescens, Turdus, 196
canescens, Yuhina, 427
canicapillum, Trichastoma, 250
canicapillus, Turdinus, 250
canicauda, Chamaea, 331
caniceps, Catharus, 167
canorus, Garrulax, 369
canorus, Turdus, 369
cantator, Catharus, 169
eantori, Alcippe, 263
capistrata, Heterophasia, 417
capistrata, Myiothera, 246
capistrata, Saxicola, 127
capistratoides, Goldana, 246
capistratoides, Pellorneum, 246
capistratum, Cinclosoma, 417
capistratum, Pellorneum, 246
capitalis, Mixornis, 308
capitalis, Stachyris, 307, 308
caprata, Motacilla, 113
caprata, Saxicola, 112
capucinus, Phyllanthus, 415
carbonarius, Turdus, 195
cardis, Turdus, 187
carolinae, Brachypteryx, 16
carruthersi, Alethe, 63
carruthersi, Crateropus, 342
casius, Planesticus, 221
casius, Turdus, 221

castanea, Alethe, 62
castanea, Merula, 200
castanea, Napothera, 62
castaneceps, Alcippe, 399
castaneceps, Minla, 399
castaneothorax, Cinclosoma, 233
castaneus, Myiophoneus, 141
castaneus, Turdinus, 254
castaneus, Turdus, 200
castanicauda, Minla, 396
castanicauda, Siva, 396
castaniceps, Ixulus, 421
castaniceps, Yuhina, 421
castanonota, Alethe, 63
castanonota, Ptilorrhoa, 237
castanonotus, Eupetes, 237
castanoptera, Heterophasia, 419
castanopterus, Malacias, 419
castanotis, Dryonastes, 358
castanotis, Garrulax, 358
castanotum, Cinclosoma, 232

466

Cataponera, 161

Catharus, 164

catherinae, Turdus, 205
caucae, Planesticus, 214
caucae, Turdus, 214
caucasica, Cyanosylvia, 44
caucasicus, Accentor, 4
caucasicus, Erithacus, 38
caucasicus, Turdus, 188
caudata, Tesia, 296
caudatus, Cossyphus, 333
caudatus, Spelaeornis, 296
caudatus, Turdoides, 332
caurinus, Planesticus, 227
caurinus, Turdus, 227
cautor, Turdus, 216
cavernicola, Thamnolaea, 119
cayennensis, Turdus, 224
cebuensis, Cittocinela, 73
cebuensis, Copsychus, 73
celaenops, Turdus, 199
celatus, Pomatorhinus, 268
celebense, Trichastoma, 254
celebensis, Merula, 195
celebensis, Turdus, 195
centralasiae, Monticola, 140
centralis, Eupetes, 235
centralis, Ptilorrhoa, 235
centralis, Turdus, 180
Cercomela, 96

Cercotrichas, 27

certus, Schoeniparus, 405
cervinicrissa, Cutia, 384
cerviniventris, Turdinus, 260
ceylonensis, Copsychus, 65
chaboti, Oenanthe, 116
chacoensis, Turdus, 214
Chaetops, 28
Chaimarrornis, 132
Chamaea, 330
Chamaetylas, 61
chamelum, Pellorneum, 242
chandleri, Orthonyx, 229
changaicus, Laiscopus, 5
changensis, Myophonus, 143
chapini, Cossypha, 51
chapini, Kupeornis, 414
chapini, Lioptilus, 414
chaseni, Enicurus, 87
chayulensis, Paradoxornis, 436
chayulensis, Suthora, 436
chersonesophila, Mixornis, 321

INDEX

chersonesophilus, Macronous, 321
chiguanco, Turdus, 209
chiguancoides, Turdus, 179
chinensis, Garrulax, 358
chinensis, Lanius, 359
chinganica, Ianthocincla, 361
chinganicus, Garrulax, 361
chirindensis, Tarsiger, 31
Chleuasicus, 431

chloris, Timalia, 318
chobiensis, Peliocichla, 184
chobiensis, Turdus, 184
chocolatina, Pnoepyga, 297
chocolatinus, Spelaeornis, 297
choiseuli, Turdus, 158
choiseuli, Zoothera, 158
choloensis, Alethe, 64
Cholornis, 432

chrysae, Lioparus, 398
chrysaea, Stachyris, 305
chrysaeus, Erithacus, 48
chrysaeus, Lioparus, 398
chrysaeus, Tarsiger, 48
chrysocoma, Stachyris, 305
chrysolaus, Turdus, 199
Chrysomma, 327

chrysops, Stachyris, 306
chrysoptera, Ianthocincla, 376
chrysopterus, Garrulax, 376
chrysopygia, Dromolaea, 123
chrysopygia, Oenanthe, 123
chrysotis, Alcippe, 398
chrysotis, Proparus, 398
chthonium, Pellorneum, 243
chubbi, Cichlopsis, 93
chubbi, Myadestes, 93
chuka, Geocichla, 152

chuka, Zoothera, 152
chumbiensis, Alcippe, 401
chumbiensis, Fulvetta, 401
chyulu, Geokichla, 152
chyulu, Pseudoalcippe, 412
chyulu, Zoothera, 152
chyuluensis, Turdus, 182
Cichladusa, 60
Cichlherminia, 162
Cichlopasser, 144

Cichlopsis, 89

Cinclidium, 81
cinclorhyncha, Petrocincla, 138
cinclorhynchus, Monticola, 137
Cinclosoma, 231

INDEX 467

cinerea, Alcippe, 399

cinerea, Erythropygia, 19

cinerea, Geocichla, 146

cinerea, Minla, 399

cinerea, Zoothera, 146

cineraceum, Trochalopteron, 362

cineraceus, Garrulax, 362

cinerascens, Merula, 184

cinerascens, Turdus, 184

cinereiceps, Alcippe, 402

cinereiceps, Drymocataphus, 251

cinereiceps, Garrulax, 363

cinereiceps, Siva, 403

cinereiceps, Trichastoma, 251

cinereiceps, Trochalopteron, 363

cinereiceps, Turdus, 200

cinereifrons, Garrulax, 349

cinereigenae, Minla, 396

cinereigenae, Siva, 396

cinereiventris, Microbates, 444

cinereiventris, Ramphocaenus,
444

cinereocapilla, Alcippe, 263

cinereocapillum, Malacopteron,
263

cinereum, Malacopteron, 264

cinereus, Crateropus, 342

cinereus, Erythropygia, 19

cinereus, Myadestes, 90

cinereus, Turdoides, 342

cinericia, Polioptila, 452

cinnamomeiventris, Thamnolaea,
119

cinnamomeiventris, Turdus, 120

cinnamomeum, Cinclosoma, 233

cinnamomeum, Pellorneum, 247

cinnamomeum, Trochalopterum,
370

cinnamomeus, Drymocataphus,
247

ciscaucasicus, Erithacus, 38

citrina, Zoothera, 147

citrinus, Turdus, 147

clamosus, Crateropus, 339

clamosus, Turdoides, 339

clanceyi, Saxicola, 110

clara, Napothera, 292

clarescens, Hylocichla, 172

clarkei, Turdoides, 345

clarkei, Turdus, 205

clarki, Ixulus, 423

clarki, Yuhina, 423

clarum, Cinclosoma, 232
clarus, Catharus, 165
clarus, Turdinulus, 292
clarus, Turdus, 210

claudei, Crateropus, 340
claudei, Lioptilus, 411
claudi, Alcippe, 411
cleaveri, Drymocataphus, 258
cleaveri, Trichastoma, 258
clericalis, Myrmecocichla, 118
clericalis, Pentholaea, 118
cnephosa, Merula, 223
cnephosus, Turdus, 223
coastae, Turdus, 184
coburni, Turdus, 204
Cochoa, 88

coei, Stachyris, 309
coelicolor, Grandala, 82
coeruleotincta, Lioptila, 419
cognata, Corythocichla, 290
cognata, Saxicola, 114
coibensis, Turdus, 223
colcloughi, Drymodes, 30
collaris, Alcippe, 404
collaris, Microbates, 444
collaris, Myrmecocichla, 117
collaris, Prunella, 3
collaris, Rhamphocaenus, 444
collaris, Sturnus, 3

collsi, Erythropygia, 24
colombianus, Turdus, 219
Colonocinela, 135

coloratus, Myadestes, 92
coloratus, Turdus, 224
coltarti, Stachyris, 309
comis, Garrulax, 369
commoda, Alcippe, 411
comorensis, Turdus, 178
compsonota, Geocichla, 61
concolor, Garrulax, 362
concolor, Janthocincla, 362
condorensis, Macronous, 321
condorensis, Mixornis, 321
confinis, Turdus, 227
confusa, Garrulax, 355
confusa, Luscinia, 45
confusus, Erithacus, 45
conjuncta, Staphidia, 421
connectans, Trochalopterum, 377
connectens, Aethostoma, 254
connectens, Garrulax, 377
connectens, Macronous, 320

468

connectens, Mixornis, 320
connectens, Trichastoma, 254
Conostoma, 431

conquisitus, Turdus, 206
conradi, Turdus, 210
conspicillata, Suthora, 433

conspicillatus, Paradoxornis, 433

constantiae, Yuhina, 423
contemptus, Turdus, 224
convergens, Turdoides, 343
Copsychus, 64

coracinus, Entomodestes, 94
coracinus, Myiadestes, 94
cordofanicus, Crateropus, 341
cornwalli, Pomatorhinus, 279
cornwalli, Pomatostomus, 279
coronata, Ifrita, 240
coronata, Thamnolaea, 121
coronata, Zeledonia, 18
coronatus, Enicurus, 85
corsa, Luscinia, 40

coryi, Mimocichla, 209

coryi, Turdus, 209
coryphaeus, Erythropygia, 19
coryphaeus, Sylvia, 19
Corythocichla, 286

Cossypha, 50

Cossyphicula, 50
Cossyphopsis, 178
costaricensis, Catharus, 165
courtoisi, Garrulax, 360
courtoisi, Turdus, 148
courtoisi, Zoothera, 148
cowensae, Pomatorhinus, 269
cozumelae, Polioptila, 449
craddocki, Paradoxornis, 438
craddocki, Suthora, 488
cranbrooki, Garrulax, 357

cranbrooki, Grammatoptila, 357

crassa, Corythocichla, 290
crassa, Napothera, 290
crassirostris, Myiophoneus, 148
Crateropus, 331

Cratopus, 331

crepitans, Muscicapa, 230
crepuscula, Cossypha, 58
crispifrons, Napothera, 288
crispifrons, Turdinus, 288
cristatum, Sphenostoma, 231
Crocias, 415

crocina, Stachyris, 306
crocotius, Paradoxornis, 437

INDEX

croizati, Minla, 395
crossleyi, Bernieria, 429
crosselyi, Mystacornis, 429
crossleyi, Turdus, 153
crossleyi, Zoothera, 153
crotopezus, Turdus, 224
cruralis, Brachypteryx, 16
cruralis, Calliope, 16
crymophila, Hylocichla, 175
crymophilus, Catharus, 175
cryptanthus, Pomatorhinus, 271
cryptoleuca, Myrmecocichla, 116
cryptopyrrha, Peliocichla, 179
cuculopsis, Heterophasia, 416
cumanensis, Planesticus, 211
cumanensis, Turdus, 211
cumingi, Macronous, 324
cumingi, Minodoria, 324
cummingi, Saxicola, 123
cuneata, Geocichla, 158
cuneata, Zoothera, 158
cunhaci, Leiothrix, 382
cunhaci, Mesia, 382
Cuphopterus, 428

Cuphornis, 428

currucoides, Motacilla, 85
currucoides, Sialia, 85
currucoides, Sylvia, 85
Cursonia, 286

curtata, Polioptila, 450
Curzonia, 286

Cutia, 384

cyane, Erithacus, 47

cyane, Motacilla, 47
Cyanecula, 33

cyanecula, Sylvia, 42
cyaneculus, Erithacus, 42
cyaneus, Turdus, 140
cyanocampter, Bessonornis, 56
cyanocampter, Cossypha, 56
Cyanoderma, 301

cyanophrys, Paradoxornis, 437
cyanophrys, Sutora, 437
Cyanosylvia, 32

cyanotus, Turdus, 147
cyanotus, Zoothera, 147
cyanouroptera, Minla, 394
cyanouroptera, Siva, 394
cyanurus, Erithacus, 47
cyanurus, Motacilla, 47
cyornithopsis, Callene, 34
cyornithopsis, Erithacus, 34

cypriaca, Oenanthe, 129
cypriaca, Saxicola, 129
ezarnikowi, Phyllanthus, 415

dacotiae, Pratincola, 105
dacotiae, Saxicola, 105
daflaensis, Actinodura, 392
daflaensis, Actinura, 392
daflaensis, Suthora, 437
daguae, Polioptila, 452
daguae, Turdus, 223
dahurica, Prunella, 8
dahuricus, Accentor, 8
damaensis, Phoenicurus, 98
damarensis, Erythropygia, 24
Damia, 299

damnata, Rhinocichla, 367
damnatus, Garrulax, 367
danisi, Alcippe, 402

danisi, Fulvetta, 402
danjoui, Jabouilleia, 283
danjoui, Rimator, 283
Dasycrotapha, 302
Dasycrotopha, 302

daulias, Luscinia, 46
dauma, Turdus, 156
dauma, Zoothera, 155
Dauria, 299

davidi, Alcippe, 410

davidi, Garrulax, 361
davidi, Luscinia, 46

davidi, Pterorhinus, 361
davidi, Stachyridiopsis, 304
davidi, Stachyris, 304
davidiana, Suthora, 439
davidianus, Paradoxornis, 489
davisoni, Alcippe, 408
davisoni, Leioptila, 417
davisoni, Napothera, 291
davisoni, Stachyris, 310
davisoni, Turdinulus, 291
davisoni, Turdulus, 149
davisoni, Zoothera, 149
debilis, Neomixis, 300
debilis, Turdus, 217
decarlei, Pomatorhinus, 268
decaryi, Neomixis, 300
deckeni, Turdus, 182
dedekeni, Pomatorhinus, 268
dedekensi, Pomatorhinus, 268
deichleri, Turdus, 206
deignani, Mixornis, 320

INDEX 469

deignani, Pellorneum, 244
delacouri, Alcippe, 399
delacouri, Napothera, 291
delacouri, Neomixis, 300
delacouri, Pteruthius, 385
delacouri, Saxicola, 108
delacouri, Yuhina, 424
delesserti, Crateropus, 360, 370
delesserti, Garrulax, 360
delessertii, Crateropus, 370
dendyi, Turdus, 158
deningeri, Turdus, 195
dennistouni, Stachyris, 307
dennistouni, Zosterornis, 307
deppei, Polioptila, 449
deserti, Oenanthe, 125
deserti, Saxicola, 125
deserticola, Aedon, 23
desfontainesi, Saxicola, 106
desgodinsi, Heterophasia, 418
desgodinsi, Sibia, 418
deuteronymus, Copsychus, 68
diademata, Alethe, 61
diademata, Yuhina, 424
diadematus, Bessonornis, 61
diadematus, Turdus, 61
diana, Cinclidium, 82

diana, Lanius, 82

diana, Notodela, 82

dichroa, Cossypha, 54
dichroa, Muscicapa, 54
dicrorhynchus, Myiophoneus, 143
dicrorhynchus, Myophonus, 143
dictator, Timalia, 327
differens, Merula, 216
differens, Turdus, 216
difficilis, Pomatorhinus, 272
dilloni, Pellorneum, 244
diluta, Napothera, 292
diluta, Stachyris, 311
diluta, Thringorhina, 312
dilutior, Malacocincla, 260
dilutius, Trichastoma, 260
dilutus, Stachyris, 310
dilutus, Turdinulus, 292
Diplootocus, 74

dipora, Stachyris, 310
discessa, Cyanecula, 43
disruptans, Turdus, 153
dissimilis, Turdus, 186
distans, Trichastoma, 259
distans, Turdinus, 259

470

distinectus, Turdus, 205
dixoni, Geocichla, 155
dixoni, Zoothera, 155

djamdjamensis, Pinarochroa, 103

docima, Anuropsis, 251
dodsoni, Cercomela, 98
dohertyi, Geocichla, 146
dohertyi, Zoothera, 146
dohrni, Cuphopterus, 429
dohrni, Horizorhinus, 429
domesticus, Erithacus, 75
dominicanus, Myadestes, 91

dominicensis, Cichlherminia, 163

dominicensis, Margarops, 163
donaldsoni, Cossypha, 54
dorsalis, Leioptila, 418
dorsalis, Orthonyx, 228
dovei, Cinclosoma, 232
drakensbergi, Caffrornis, 56
drakensbergi, Cossypha, 56
dresseri, Prunella, 8
driophila, Anuropsis, 251
dryas, Catharus, 169
dryas, Malacocichla, 169
Drymocataphus, 240
Drymochares, 14
Drymodes, 28

Drymodina, 28
drymodrama, Anuropsis, 251
Dryonastes, 349

dubia, Alcippe, 405

dubia, Cercomela, 101
dubia, Myrmecocichla, 101
dubius, Proparus, 405
duidae, Ramphocaenus, 446
duidae, Turdus, 213
dumasi, Geocichla, 145
dumasi, Zoothera, 145
Dumetia, 317

dumetoria, Alcippe, 409
dumicola, Polioptila, 455
dumicola, Sylvia, 455
dundasi, Cinclosoma, 233
dusruptans, Zoothera, 153
dwighti, Hylocichla, 175

earlei, Malacocercus, 333
earlei, Turdoides, 333
eclipes, Chatorhea, 333
eclipes, Turdoides, 333
ecuadoreanus, Catharus, 170
efatensis, Turdus, 197

INDEX

egertoni, Actinodura, 391
egregior, Cossypha, 53
eichhorni, Turdus, 158
eichhorni, Zoothera, 158
eidos, Pomatorhinus, 276
Elachura, 296

elbeli, Pellorneum, 244
elberti, Crateropus, 341
elgonensis, Merula, 182
elgonensis, Pogonocichla, 30
elgonensis, Tarsiger, 30
elgonensis, Turdinus, 257
elisabeth, Muscicapa, 91
elisabeth, Myadestes, 91
elisabethae, Paradoxornis, 435
elisabethae, Suthora, 435
elliotti, Malacocireus, 339
elliotii, Garrulax, 373
elliotii, Trochalopteron, 373
Elocincla, 248

eluta, Erythropygia, 20
Emarginata, 96

emini, Argya, 337

emini, Crateropus, 342
emini, Turdoides, 342
emmae, Pratincola, 109
engelbachi, Leioptila, 418
engelbachi, Heterophasia, 418
Enicurus, 85

enigma, Cercomela, 101
enigmatica, Prunella, 12
ensifera, Cercomela, 97
Entomodestes, 94

eous, Garrulax, 351
ephalus, Copsychus, 66
ephippialis, Turdus, 215
epilepidota, Myiothera, 293
epilepidota, Napothera, 290
epipolia, Alcippornis, 406
episcopus, Sialia, 83
erebus, Turdus, 195
eremita, Alcippe, 409
eremita, Mimocichla, 209
eremita, Nesocichla, 162
ericetorum, Turdus, 205
erimelas, Copsychus, 65
eripella, Cyanoderma, 315
eriphaea, Alcippe, 407
eriphaea, Alcippornis, 407
Erithacus, 32

eritora, Malacocincla, 256
erlangeri, Cercomela, 102

INDEX 471

erlangeri, Erythropygia, 25
erlangeri, Pinarochroa, 103
ernesti, Cercomela, 103
ernesti, Oenanthe, 130
ernesti, Pinarochroa, 103
Eroessa, 299
Erpornis, 420
erythrocephalum, Cinclosoma,
375
erythrocephalus, Garrulax, 375
Erythrocichla, 247
erythrocnemis, Pomatorhinus,
269
erythrogaster, Monticola, 138
erythrogaster, Phoenicurus, 79
erythrogaster, Turdus, 138
erythrogastra, Motacilla, 79
Erythrogenys, 266
erythrogenys, Pomatorhinus, 267
erythrogyna, Brachypteryx, 18
erythrolaema, Garrulax, 377
erythrolaema, Trochalopterum,
377
erythronota, Cossypha, 134
erythronota, Geocichla, 146
erythronota, Mixornis, 409
erythronota, Sylvia, 74
erythronota, Zoothera, 146
erythronotus, Phoenicurus, 74
erythronotus, Pseudocossyphus,
134
erythropleurus, Turdus, 192
Erythrops, 327
erythroptera, Stachyris, 314
erythroptera, Timalia, 314
erythropterus, Lanius, 385
erythropterus, Turdus, 27
Erythropygia, 18
erythropygia, Prunella, 5
erythropygius, Accentor, 5
erythrote, Malacopterum, 250
erythrote, Trichastoma, 250
erythrotis, Pomatorhinus, 267
erythrothorax, Cinclosoma, 233
erythrothorax, Erithacus, 34
erythrothorax, Stiphrornis, 34
erythrura, Saxicoloides, 133
erythrurus, Turdus, 133
euboria, Hylocichla, 173
eugenei, Myiophoneus, 142
eumesa, Kittacincla, 72
eumesus, Copsychus, 72

eunomus, Turdus, 202
Eupetes, 238

euronota, Cossypha, 55
euroum, Pellorneum, 245
eurydesmus, Tarsiger, 30
euterpe, Myophonus, 142
euxina, Prunella, 12
everetti, Geocichla, 149
everetti, Macronous, 322
everetti, Mixornis, 322
everetti, Pnoepyga, 295
everetti, Staphidia, 422
everetti, Yuhina, 422
everetti, Zoothera, 149
excubitor, Saxicola, 107
eximia, Heterophasia, 417
eximia, Leioptila, 417
exorientis, Oreocincla, 157
experrecta, Ianthocincla, 362
experrectus, Garrulax, 362
expetibilis, Turdus, 208
explorator, Monticola, 135
explorator, Turdus, 135
exsanguis, Anuropsis, 250
exsul, Napothera, 293
exsul, Turdinulus, 298
extimus, Turdus, 221
extrema, Malacocincela, 259
extremum, Trichastoma, 259
exul, Alcippe, 400
exvictoria, Garrulax, 372
exyunnanensis, Garrulax, 374

facilis, Polioptila, 454

fagani, Accentor, 9

fagani, Prunella, 9

fairbanki, Garrulax, 370
fairbanki, Trochalopteron, 370
falcata, Ptilocichla, 285
faleklandii, Turdus, 215
falkensteini, Cercomela, 97
falkensteini, Saxicola, 97
familiaris, Cercomela, 97
familiaris, Erythropygia, 23
familiaris, Saxicola, 98
familiaris, Sylvia, 23

fasciata, Chamaea, 330
fasciatus, Parus, 330
fastidiosus, Pomatorhinus, 273
faxoni, Catharus, 175

faxoni, Hylocichla, 175

feae, Merula, 201

A472

feae, Paradoxornis, 438
feae, Suthora, 438

feae, Turdus, 201

felix, Saxicola, 108
feriatum, Trichastoma, 251
feriatus, Anuropsis, 251
ferrarius, Garrulax, 357
ferrea, Saxicola, 115

ferrugilatus, Pomatorhinus, 267
ferruginosus, Pomatorhinus, 277

fervida, Prunella, 12
fervidus, Accentor, 12

fessa, Alcippe, 404

fessa, Fulvetta, 404
filchneri, Erithacus, 79
finoti, Irania, 73

finschi, Trichastoma, 254
finschii, Cassinia, 95
finschii, Oenanthe, 127
finschii, Saxicola, 127
finschii, Stizorhina, 95
fischeri, Turdus, 154
fischeri, Zoothera, 154
flavicollis, Macronous, 319
flavicollis, Mixornis, 319
flavicollis, Yuhina, 422
flavipes, Platycichla, 176
flavipes, Turdus, 177
flavirostris, Myiophoneus, 144
flavirostris, Paradoxornis, 433
flavirostris, Turdus, 144
flaviscapis, Allotrius, 387
flaviscapis, Pteruthius, 385
flavoviridis, Neomixis, 301
flavum, Malacopteron, 263
flemingi, Garrulax, 374
florentes, Grandala, 82

floris, Brachypteryx, 18
fohkienensis, Suthora, 434
fokiensis, Heteromorpha, 441
fokiensis, Paradoxornis, 441
fooksi, Garrulax, 3738
formaster, Heteroxenicus, 16

formicivora, Myrmecocichla, 116

formicivora, Oenanthe, 116
formosana, Alcippe, 403
formosana, Pnoepyga, 294
formosanus, Erithacus, 49
formosanus, Proparus, 403
formosanus, Tarsiger, 49

formosum, Trochalopteron, 378

formosus, Garrulax, 378

INDEX

formosus, Pomatorhinus, 277
formosus, Spelaeornis, 297
formosus, Troglodytes, 297
forresti, Alcippe, 398
forresti, Fulvetta, 398
forresti, Ianthocincla, 377
forresti, Xiphirhynchus, 283
fortichi, Ptilocichla, 285
fortis, Enicurus, 86

fortis, Microcichla, 86
francki, Saxicola, 113
frantzii, Catharus, 168
fraseri, Muscicapa, 94
fraseri, Stizorhina, 94
fraterculus, Alcippe, 410
frenata, Oenanthe, 123
frenata, Saxicola, 123
frenatus, Chaetops, 28
frenatus, Malurus, 28

friesi, Pomatorhinus, 266
frigida, Heleia, 306

frigida, Stachyris, 306
frontale, Cinclidium, 82
frontalis, Enicurus, 87
frontalis, Geocichla, 146
frontalis, Myrmecocichla, 119
frontalis, Parisoma, 414
frontalis, Phoenicura, 78
frontalis, Phoenicurus, 78
frontalis, Saxicola, 119
fruticola, Saxicola, 113
fucata, Alcippe, 403
fucatus, Proparus, 403
fuelleborni, Alethe, 62
fulicata, Motacilla, 133
fulicata, Saxicoloides, 133
fuliginosa, Catharus, 170
fuliginosa, Hylocichla, 170
fuliginosa, Phoenicura, 80
fuliginosus, Rhyacornis, 80
fulva, Sialia, 83

fulvescens, Accentor, 7
fulvescens, Catharus, 168
fulvescens, Prunella, 7
fulvescens, Trichastoma, 260
fulvescens, Turdirostris, 260
Fulvetta, 397

fulvicauda, Paradoxornis, 434
fulvicauda, Suthora, 434
fulvifrons, Paradoxornis, 436
fulvifrons, Suthora, 436
fulvifrons, Temnoris, 436

fulviventris, Cyanoderma, 315
fulviventris, Stachyris, 315
fulviventris, Turdus, 214
fulvum, Trichastoma, 249
fulvus, Drymocataphus, 249
fulvus, Turdoides, 335
fulvus, Turdus, 335
fumidus, Merula, 193
fumidus, Turdus, 193
fumigatus, Turdus, 218
fumosus, Catharus, 169
funebris, Janthocincla, 361
furcatus, Parus, 381
furensis, Cercomela, 103
fusca, Alcippe, 407
fusca, Brachypteryx, 14
fusca, Cercomela, 101
fusca, Prunella, 6
fusca, Saxicola, 101
fuscata, Garrulax, 353
fuscater, Catharus, 167
fuscater, Myioturdus, 167
fuscater, Turdus, 210
fuscatus, Garrulax, 353
fuscescens, Catharus, 170
fuscescens, Turdus, 170
fuscobrunneus, Planesticus, 212
fuscobrunneus, Turdus, 212
fuscocapillum, Pellorneum, 245
fuscocapillus, Drymocataphus,
245
fuscus, Brachypteryx, 14

gabela, Erithacus, 34
gabela, Muscicapa, 34
gabonensis, Erithacus, 35
gabonensis, Stiphrornis, 35
gabrielae, Saxicola, 106
gabunensis, Neocossyphus, 95
gaetkei, Erithacus, 42
galactotes, Erythropygia, 22
galactotes, Sylvia, 22
galbana, Leiothrix, 382
galbana, Mesia, 382
galbanatus, Garrulax, 360
galbanus, Garrulax, 360
galinieri, Parisoma, 414
galinieri, Parophasma, 414
galtoni, Cercomela, 98
galtoni, Erythropygia, 98
gambagae, Bessonornis, 98
gambagae, Cossypha, 98

INDEX 473

Gampsorhynchus, 389
garguensis, Cossypha, 53
garoensis, Pseudominla, 399
Garritornis, 278

Garrulax, 348

Garrulaxis, 348

geislerorum, Eupetes, 236
geislerorum, Ptilorrhoa, 236
genderuensis, Cercomela, 98
genderuensis, Cossypha, 59
genestieri, Alcippe, 405
genibarbis, Myadestes, 91
genibarbis, Myidestes, 92
Geocichla, 144

Geokichla, 144

geokichla, Brachypteryx, 15
Geomalia, 144

gerchneri, Turdus, 204
germaini, Dryonastes, 359
germaini, Garrulax, 359
gertrudis, Leiothrix, 381
Gervaisia, 65

gibraltariensis, Motacilla, 75
gibraltariensis, Phoenicurus, 75
gibsonhilli, Geokichla, 148
gibsonhilli, Zoothera, 148
giffardi, Cossypha, 59
gigantea, Melampitta, 239
gigantea, Mellopitta, 239
gigantodes, Turdus, 211
gigas, Turdus, 211

gilberti, Kupeornis, 413
gilberti, Lioptilus, 413
gilgandra, Pomatorhinus, 281
gilgandra, Pomatostomus, 281
gilgit, Garrulax, 371

gilgit, Ianthocincla, 371
glaucina, Pitta, 141
glaucinus, Myiophoneus, 141
glauconotus, Pteruthius, 386
gloriosa, Luscinia, 76
godwini, Garrulax, 376
godwini, Pomatorhinus, 274
godwini, Trochalopterum, 376
goldiei, Cinclosoma, 235
goldiei, Eupetes, 235

golzii, Luscinia, 41
goodfellowi, Brachypteryx, 17
goodfellowi, Turdus, 217
goodsoni, Stachyridopsis, 305
goodsoni, Stachyris, 305, 314
gordoni, Nesocichla, 162

474

gouldi, Merula, 200

gouldi, Turdus, 200

gouldii, Erythrogenys, 266
gracilirostris, Catharus, 164
gracilis, Heterophasia, 417
gracilis, Hypsipetes, 417
gracilis, Polioptila, 449
gracilis, Pyctorhis, 329
graecorum, Saxicola, 106
grahami, Dryonastes, 358
grahami, Garrulax, 358
graminicola, Conostoma, 431
Grammatoptila, 349
grammicephala, Timalia, 309
grammiceps, Myiothera, 309
grammiceps, Stachyris, 309
Grandala, 82

grandior, Napothera, 287
grandior, Turdinus, 287
grandis, Phoenicurus, 79
grandis, Ruticilla, 79
granti, Cossypha, 51
granti, Napothera, 292
granti, Neocossyphus, 96
granti, Pellorneum, 241
granti, Turdinulus, 292
grata, Malia, 427

grata, Sialia, 83

gratior, Garrulax, 361
graueri, Geocichla, 153
graueri, Turdus, 180
gravivox, Pomatorhinus, 269
grayi, Turdus, 220
graysoni, Merula, 225
graysoni, Turdus, 225
greenwayi, Garrulax, 379
greenwayi, Erythropygia, 26
grimwoodi, Cossypha, 52
griseata, Ianthocincla, 373
griseatus, Garrulax, 373
griseicauda, Garrulax, 365
griseiceps, Catharus, 165
griseiceps, Crateropus, 361
griseiceps, Oenanthe, 131
griseiceps, Oreocincla, 155
griseiceps, Saxicola, 131
griseiceps, Turdus, 361
griseiceps, Zoothera, 155

griseigularis, Corythocichla, 290

griseigularis, Moupinia, 329
griseigularis, Napothera, 290
griseigularis, Pyctorhis, 329

INDEX

griseiloris, Herpornis, 426
griseiloris, Yuhina, 426
griseinucha, Actinodura, 393
griseiventris, Eupetes, 238
griseodorsalis, Ramphocaenus,
446

griseotincta, Yuhina, 424
grisescens, Crateropus, 340

grisescens, Drymocataphus, 248

grisescens, Trichastoma, 248

grisescentior, Ianthocincla, 371

griseus, Turdus, 339
grisior, Turdus, 225
griswoldi, Garrulax, 367
griswoldi, Rhinocichla, 367
grosvenori, Garrulax, 363
grotei, Alcippe, 409
grotei, Bessonornis, 57
grotei, Luscinia, 43
guatemalae, Sialia, 84
guianensis, Polioptila, 454
gulare, Trichastoma, 260
gularis, Chatarrhaea, 333
gularis, Cichlopsis, 93
gularis, Crateropus, 341
gularis, Garrulax, 360
gularis, Ianthocincla, 360
gularis, Illadopsis, 260
gularis, Macronous, 319
gularis, Monticola, 137
gularis, Myadestes, 93
gularis, Myiothera, 322
gularis, Oroecetes, 137
gularis, Paradoxornis, 441
gularis, Suthora, 438
gularis, Timalia, 321
gularis, Turdoides, 333
gularis, Yuhina, 424
gunningi, Erithacus, 35
gunningi, Sheppardia, 36
gurneyi, Turdus, 152
gurneyli, Zoothera, 152
gurue, Alethe, 58

gurue, Cossypha, 58
guttata, Cichladusa, 60
guttata, Mucicapa, 154
guttata, Muscicapa, 173
guttata, Musicapa, 173
guttata, Stachyris, 312
guttata, Zoothera, 154
guttaticollis, Alcippe, 408
guttaticollis, Napothera, 290

INDEX 475

guttaticollis, Paradoxornis, 433
guttaticollis, Proparus, 408
guttaticollis, Turdinulus, 290
guttatus, Catharus, 178
guttatus, Crateropus, 60
guttatus, Crocias, 416

guttatus, Enicurus, 88
guttatus, Leptorhynchus, 456
guttatus, Psilorhamphus, 456
guttatus, Turdinus, 312
guttatus, Turdus, 154

guttifer, Pogonocichla, 30
guttifer, Tarsiger, 30
gutturalis, Cossypha, 73
gutturalis, Irania, 73
gutturalis, Oenanthe, 115
gutturalis, Saxicola, 115
gwendolenae, Pomatorhinus, 281
gwendolenae, Pomatostomus, 281
gymnocephalus, Corvus, 442
gymnocephalus, Picathartes, 442
gymnogenys, Crateropus, 346
gymnogenys, Turdoides, 346
Gypsophila, 286

haagneri, Cossypha, 54
hachisukae, Erithacus, 46
hades, Turdus, 199

hadii, Geokichla, 151

hadii, Zoothera, 151
Hadropezus, 286

hafizi, Erithacus, 41

hafizi, Luscinia, 41
hainana, Napothera, 291
hainanus, Paradoxornis, 441
hainanus, Pomatorhinus, 267
hainanus, Psittiparus, 441
hainanus, Turdinulus, 291
haliblectus, Copsychus, 65
hallae, Alethe, 63
halmaturina, Geocichla, 158
halophila, Oenanthe, 127
halophila, Saxicola, 127
halsueti, Pnoepyga, 297
halsueti, Spelaeornis, 297
hamertoni, Erythropygia, 24
hancii, Oreocincla, 157
hancii, Zoothera, 157
haplochrous, Turdus, 220
Haplocichla, 178

haplonota, Elachura, 297
haringtoni, Oreicola, 115

haringtoni, Pomatorhinus, 267
haringtoniae, Alcippe, 407
harterti, Brachypteryx, 16
harterti, Ixulus, 423
harterti, Malacocincla, 254
harterti, Myrmecocichla, 118
harterti, Pnoepyga, 295
harterti, Ptyrticus, 262
harterti, Trichastoma, 254
Hartertula, 299

hartlaubi, Erythropygia, 22
hartlaubii, Crateropus, 345
hartlaubii, Turdoides, 345
hartleyi, Stachyris, 311
hauxwelli, Turdus, 219
hawkeri, Saxicola, 123
haynesi, Crateropus, 415
hebridensis, Turdus, 205
hebridium, Erithacus, 36
hebridium, Prunella, 10
heinei, Oreocincla, 158
heinei, Zoothera, 158
heinrichi, Cataponera, 162
heinrichi, Cossypha, 59
heinrichi, Geomalia, 144
Heinrichia, 14

heinrothi, Turdus, 196
helenae, Stachyris, 312
helleri, Planesticus, 183
helleri, Pogonocichla, 31
helleri, Turdus, 183
hellmayri, Catharus, 167
hellmayri, Cercomela, 99
hellmayri, Saxicola, 99
hendeei, Garrulax, 377
henrici, Garrulax, 374
henrici, Trochalopteron, 374
henshawi, Chamaea, 331
herberti, Corythocichla, 290
herberti, Nigravis, 309
herberti, Stachyris, 309
herero, Bradornis, 27
herero, Namibornis, 27
Herpornis, 421
Hesperocichla, 145
hesperophila, Saxicola, 105
heterogyna, Kittacincla, 71
heterogynus, Copsychus, 68
Heterophasia, 416
Heteroxenicus, 14

heudei, Paradoxornis, 442
heuglini, Argya, 336

476

heuglini, Cossypha, 55
heuglini, Oenanthe, 1238
heuglini, Saxicola, 123
heuglini, Turdoides, 336
hibernans, Pratincola, 106
hibernans, Saxicola, 106
hibernicus, Prunella, 10
Hilarocichla, 385
hilarum, Pellorneum, 242
himalayana, Prunella, 5
himalayanus, Accentor, 5
hindei, Crateropus, 345
hindei, Turdoides, 345
hispaniae, Erithacus, 37
hispaniae, Turdus, 207
hispanica, Motacilla, 126
hispanica, Oenanthe, 126
hissarica, Prunella, 7
hodgsoni, Phoenicurus, 77
hodgsoni, Ruticilla, 77
Hodgsonius, 80
hoeschi, Cercomela, 98, 99
hoeschi, Oenanthe, 99
holdsworthi, Pomatorhinus, 270
holerythrops, Trochalopterum,
377
homochroa, Oenanthe, 125
homochroa, Saxicola, 125
honoripeta, Ianthocincla, 374
hoogerwerfi, Turdus, 192
Horizillas, 263
Horizorhinus, 428
horsfieldi, Oreocincla, 157
horsfieldi, Zoothera, 157
horsfieldii, Myiophoneus, 141
horsfieldii, Myophonus, 141
horsfieldii, Pomatorhinus, 270
hortulorum, Turdus, 186
houghtoni, Erithacus, 34
houghtoni, Sheppardia, 34
houyi, Crateropus, 340
hueti, Alcippe, 410
humei, Heterorhynchus, 299
humei, Sphenocichla, 299
humei, Turdinulus, 292
humeralis, Cossypha, 58
humeralis, Dessonornis, 58
humii, Paradoxornis, 437
humii, Suthora, 4387
humilis, Ixulus, 4238
humilis, Pomatorhinus, 273
humilis, Yuhina, 423

INDEX

huttoni, Accentor, 9

huttoni, Malacocercus, 332
huttoni, Prunella, 9

huttoni, Turdoides, 332
hybrida, Pterythius, 388
hybridus, Pteruthius, 388
hygroscopus, Turdus, 195
Hyloaedon, 50

Hylocichla, 175

hylophona, Cossypha, 53
hypernephela, Cercomela, 97
hyperythra, Argya, 337
hyperythra, Brachypteryx, 14
hyperythra, Dumetia, 317
hyperythra, Ianthia, 49
hyperythra, Timalia, 317
hyperythrus, Erithacus, 49
hyperythrus, Turdoides, 337
hypobrunneus, Crateropus, 342
hypocneca, Alcippe, 406
hypogrammica, Stachyris, 308
hypoleuca, Timalia, 328
hypoleucos, Orthorhinus, 266
hypoleucos, Pomatorhinus, 266
hypoleucum, Chrysomma, 328
hypoleucus, Crateropus, 345
hypoleucus, Turdoides, 345
hypoliza, Kittacincla, 71
hypopyrrha, Stachyris, 313
hypospodia, Cercomela, 104
hypospodia, Pinarochroa, 104
hypostictus, Crateropus, 342
hypostictus, Turdoides, 342
hyreanus, Erithacus, 38

Tanthia, 33

Ianthocincla, 348

iboense, Trichastoma, 260
iboensis, Turdinus, 260
ichangensis, Hodgsonius, 81
Icoturus, 33

icterorhynchus, Turdus, 180
Ifrita, 239

ignobilis, Turdus, 217
ignotincta, Minla, 396
ignotum, Pellorneum, 246
iliacus, Turdus, 204
Illadopsis, 247

imberbis, Pomatorhinus, 267
imbricata, Zoothera, 156
imbricatus, Garrulax, 371
imerina, Cossypha, 134

INDEX AT7

imerinus, Pseudocossyphus, 134
immaculata, Elachura, 297
immaculata, Prunella, 12
immaculatus, Accentor, 12
immaculatus, Enicurus, 86
immaculatus, Motacilla, 86
immaculatus, Turdus, 164
immansuetus, Myophonus, 1438
improbatum, Trichastoma, 255
imprudens, Garrulax, 376
incana, Hylocichla, 172
incerta, Amalocichla, 161
incerta, Saxicola, 105
incertus, Eupetes, 161
incognita, Phoenicurus, 77
incompta, Merula, 221
incomptus, Turdus, 221
indica, Kittacincla, 69
indica, Pratincola, 107
indica, Saxicola, 107
indica, Sylvia, 49
indicus, Copsychus, 69
indicus, Enicurus, 87
indicus, Erithacus, 49
indistinctum, Pellorneum, 244
indochinense, Malacopteron,
264
indochinensis, Horizillas, 264
indochinensis, Pteruthius, 389
indochinensis, Trochalopterum,
379
indrapurae, Turdus, 193
inexpectatus, Copsychus, 69
infuscata, Merula, 211
infuscatus, Turdus, 211
inglisi, Orthorhinus, 266
inglisi, Pomatorhinus, 266
innominatus, Pomatostomus, 280
innotata, Polioptila, 453
innotata, Zoothera, 147
innotota, Geocichla, 147
inornatus, Catharus, 166
insignis, Catharus, 166
insignis, Saxicola, 105
insperata, Fulvetta, 403
insperata, Zeledonia, 18
insulana, Cossypha, 50
insularis, Myadestes, 91
insularis, Myiophoneus, 142
insularis, Pratincola, 106
insularum, Pellorneum, 243
insularum, Turdus, 190

insuspecta, Stachyris, 304
intensa, Cossypha, 538
intensa, Pogonocichla, 31
intensior, Garrulax, 364
intercedens, Bessonornis, 54
intercedens, Cossypha, 54
interger, Oenanthe, 124
interioris, Monticola, 134
interioris, Pseudocossyphus, 134
intermedia, Alcippe, 405
intermedia, Bessornis, 55
intermedia, Chamaea, 330
intermedia, Cossypha, 55
intermedia, Drymodes, 29
intermedia, Merula, 190
intermedia, Saxicoloides, 133
intermedia, Stachyridopsis, 316
intermedia, Stachyris, 316
intermedia, Stizorhina, 95
intermedia, Suthora, 437
intermedia, Timalia, 327
intermedia, Yuhina, 425
intermedius, Allotrius, 389
intermedius, Paradoxornis, 435
intermedius, Pomatorhinus,
276, 280
intermedius, Pomatostomus, 280
intermedius, Pteruthius, 389
intermedius, Schoeniparus, 405
intermedius, Turdus, 190
interna, Erythropygia, 25
interposita, Herpornis, 427
interposita, Kittacincla, 70
interposita, Prunella, 10
interposita, Yuhina, 427
interpositus, Copsychus, 70
interpres, Turdus, 145
interpres, Zoothera, 145
intextus, Xiphirhynchus, 282
inveterata, Mixornis, 321
inveteratus, Macronous, 321
iodomera, Erythropygia, 20
iolaema, Cossypha, 56
Irania, 73
iranica, Agrobates, 23
isabellae, Cossypha, 52
isabellina, Oenanthe, 122
isabellina, Saxicola, 122
isabellinus, Megalurus, 333
Ischyropodus, 331
isidorei, Garritornis, 278
isidorei, Pomatorhinus, 278

478

iubilaea, Erythropygia, 20
Ixocossyphus, 177

Ixops, 391

Ixoreus, 144

Ixulus, 420

Jabouilleia, 283

jacksoni, Turdinus, 257
jamaicensis, Turdus, 222
jardineil, Cratopus, 343
jardineii, Turdoides, 342
javana, Kittacincla, 71
javanica, Mixornis, 322
javanicus, Macronous, 322
javanicus, Turdus, 193
javanus, Copsychus, 71
javensis, Copsychus, 67
jebelmarrae, Saxicola, 108
jerdoni, Accentor, 6
jerdoni, Garrulax, 370
jerdoni, Minla, 397
jerdoni, Oreicola, 114
jerdoni, Prunella, 6
jerdoni, Saxicola, 114
jerdoni, Timalia, 326
jewetti, Catharus, 174
johnsoni, Drymocataphus, 258
johnsoni, Trichastoma, 258
johnstoni, Merula, 182
johnstoni, Pogonocichla, 31
johnstoniae, Erithacus, 49
johnstoniae, Ianthia, 49
joiceyi, Turdus, 145
joiceyi, Zoothera, 145
jomo, Babax, 348

jonesi, Pellorneum, 241
jouyi, Turdus, 199
jubaensis, Turdoides, 344
jubilaeus, Turdus, 207
juensis, Planesticus, 214
juensis, Turdus, 214
juldussica, Prunella, 7
jungens, Erythropygia, 21

kabalii, Erythropygia, 21
kaboboensis, Alethe, 62
kaboboensis, Cossypha, 51
kali, Garrulax, 376
kalulongae, Turdinus, 263
kangrae, Alcippe, 400
kangrae, Fulvetta, 400
kaokensis, Aethocichla, 346

INDEX

kaokensis, Turdoides, 346
kaokoensis, Monticola, 136
karenni, Alcippe, 408
kargasi, Oenanthe, 122
karlykensis, Prunella, 7
Karrucincla, 96
kaschgariensis, Cyanosylvia, 44
katanglad, Turdus, 194
kaurensis, Dryonastes, 366
kaurensis, Garrulax, 366
kauriensis, Urocichla, 298
Kawabitakia, 80
Kaznakowla, 346

kelleri, Merula, 194

kelleri, Turdus, 194

kelleyi, Alcippe, 405
kelleyi, Macronous, 323
kelleyi, Mixornis, 323
kelleyi, Schoeniparus, 405
kemptoni, Turdus, 213
kenianus, Turdoides, 336
keniana, Argya, 336

kenia, Erythropygia, 22
keniensis, Geocichla, 151
keniensis, Pogonocichla, 31
Kenopia, 285

kessleri, Merula, 200
kessleri, Turdus, 200
kettlewelli, Macronus, 325
kettlewelli, Macronous, 325
keysseri, Turdus, 196
khamensis, Janthocincla, 365
khamensis, Prunella, 8
khasiana, Actinodura, 391
khasiana, Actinura, 391
khasiensis, Alcippe, 411
khasium, Trochalopteron, 380
khmerensis, Alcippe, 405
khmerensis, Schoeniparus, 405
kikuyuensis, Alethe, 64
kikuyuensis, Crateropus, 343
kikuyuensis, Turdoides, 343
kilimensis, Alcippe, 412
kilimensis, Geocichla, 151
kilimensis, Zoothera, 151
kilosa, Turdoides, 346
kimbutui, Cossypha, 52
kingi, Oenanthe, 123

kingi, Saxicola, 123
kinneari, Actinodura, 392
kinneari, Macronous, 320
kinneari, Mixornis, 320

INDEX 479

kinneari, Spelaeornis, 298
kinnisii, Merula, 192
kinnisii, Turdus, 192

kirkii, Crateropus, 343
kirkii, Turdoides, 3438
Kittacinela, 65

Kittasoma, 349

kivuensis, Cossypha, 56
kivuensis, Pseudoalcippe, 412
kivuensis, Turdinus, 257
kleinschmidti, Saxicola, 108
klossi, Pomatorhinus, 278
klossi, Alcippe, 400

klossii, Myiophoneus, 1438
kobayashii, Luscinia, 39
kobdensis, Cyanosylvia, 44
kobosensis, Cercomela, 101
kobosensis, Karrucincla, 101
komadori, Erithacus, 39
komadori, Sylvia, 9
kordofanensis, Thamnolaea, 121
koslowi, Accentor, 10
koslowi, Babax, 348
koslowi, Kaznakowia, 348
koslowi, Prunella, 10
késteri, Turdus, 186
kowaldi, Ifrita, 239
kowaldi, Todopsis, 239
kulambangrae, Turdus, 196
kumaiensis, Leiothrix, 383
kungwensis, Alethe, 64
kungwensis, Cossypha, 51
Kupeornis, 413

kurodai, Merula, 200
Kurodornis, 65
kwangtungensis, Leiothrix, 383
kwenlunensis, Laiscopus, 4

labuanensis, Cyanoderma, 315
lactea, Polioptila, 454
lacuum, Crateropus, 344
lacuum, Turdoides, 344

laeta, Leioptila, 419

laetus, Garrulax, 351
lamprogyna, Kittacincla, 70
lanaiensis, Phaeornis, 163
lanceolatus, Babax, 347
lanceolatus, Pterorhinus, 347
langbianensis, Brachypteryx, 16
langbianis, Crocias, 415
Laniellus, 415
Lanioturdinus, 286

laoensis, Garrulax, 368
laoensis, Stactocichla, 368
laotianus, Alcippe, 410
laotianus, Paradoxornis, 441
laotianus, Pomatorhinus, 266
laotianus, Psittiparus, 441
laotianus, Pterythius, 389
laotianus, Turdinulus, 291
larischi, Cossypha, 53
larochensis, Merula, 198
larvata, Stachyris, 310
larvata, Timalia, 310
Larvivora, 33
lateralis, Psophodes, 230
lateus, Turdus, 187
lathamii, Calliope, 33
latifrons, Garrulax, 366
latifrons, Ianthocincla, 366
latouchei, Babax, 347
latouchei, Monticola, 140
latouchei, Petrophila, 140
laurentei, Elachura, 297
laurentei, Heteroxenicus, 16
laurentei, Pomatorhinus, 275
laurinae, Leiothrix, 383
lavaudeni, Erithacus, 37
lawrencii, Cichlherminia, 162
lawrencii, Turdus, 218
layardi, Merula, 198
layardi, Saxicola, 100
layardi, Turdus, 198
lebombo, Pogonocichla, 32
legalleni, Cutia, 385
leggei, Copsychus, 69
leggei, Kittacincla, 69
Leiocincla, 391
Leioptila, 416
Leiothrix, 381
lembeyei, Culicivora, 450
lembeyei, Polioptila, 450
Leonardia, 261
Leonardina, 261
lepida, Leiothrix, 394
lepida, Pnoepyga, 295
lepidocephalum, Malacopterum,
264
lepidopleura, Cacopitta, 287
lepidopleura, Napothera, 287
Leptorrhynchus, 456
lereboulleti, Turdus, 177
leschenaulti, Enicurus, 87
leschenaulti, Turdus, 87

480

leucauchen, Turdus, 222
leucocapilla, Monticola, 136
leucocapilla, Petrocinela, 136
leucocephala, Phoenicura, 132
leucocephala, Turdoides, 341
leucocephalus, Chaimarrornis,
132
leucocephalus, Turdoides, 341
Leucodiophron, 349
Leucodiopterum, 349
Leucodioptron, 349
leucogaster, Pomatorhinus, 271
leucogaster, Psophodes, 230
leucogastra, Ptilocichla, 252
leucogastra, Setaria, 265
leucogenys, Cichlopsiy 94
leucogenys, Crateropus, 359
leucogenys, Myadestes, 93
leucogrammica, Cacopitta, 284
leucogrammica, Ptilocichla, 284
leucogrammicus, Laniellus, 416
leucolaema, Geocichla, 146
leucolaema, Myrmecocichla, 117
leucolaema, Zoothera, 146
leucolophus, Corvus, 351
leucolophus, Garrulax, 351
leucomela, Motacilla, 129
leucomelas, Turdus, 215
leucophrys, Brachypteryx, 15
leucophrys, Erythropygia, 19
leucophrys, Myiothera, 16
leucophrys, Sylvia, 22
leucops, Platycichla, 177
leucops, Turdus, 177
leucoptera, Erythropygia, 19
leucoptera, Phoenicura, 78
leucoptera, Salicaria, 19
leucoptera, Saxicoloides, 134
leucopterus, Micropus, 134
leucopterus, Phoenicurus, 78
leucopyga, Oenanthe, 130
leucopyga, Vitiflora, 130
leucopygius, Ixos, 344
leucopygius, Turdoides, 344
leucorhoa, Motacilla, 124
leucorhoa, Oenanthe, 124
leucosticta, Corythocichla, 290
leucosticta, Cossypha, 24
leucosticta, Erythropygia, 24
leucosticta, Napothera, 290
leucosticta, Ptilorrhoa, 235
leucostictus, Eupetes, 235

INDEX

leucotis, Entomodestes, 94
leucotis, Garrulax, 354
leucotis, Ptilogonys, 94
leucotis, Stachyris, 313
leucotis, Timalia, 313
leucura, Muscisylvia, 81
leucura, Oneanthe, 130 ~—
leucura, Pratincola, 112
leucura, Saxicola, 112
leucurum, Cinclidium, 81
leucurus, Turdus, 130
leuser, Pteruthius, 387
levaillanti, Myrmecocichla, 117
lewisi, Actinodura, 391
leytensis, Micromacronus, 326
lherminieri, Cichlherminia, 162
lherminieri, Turdus, 163
libanotica, Saxicola, 124
liberale, Trichastoma, 253
liberalis, Malacocincla, 253
libonyanus, Merula, 184
libonyanus, Turdus, 183
limbata, Myrmecocichla, 119
limbata, Pentholaea, 119
limbatus, Crateropus, 344
limbatus, Turdoides, 344
limpopoensis, Erythropygia, 21
lineatum, Cinclosoma, 371
lineatus, Garrulax, 371
Liocichla, 380

Lioparus, 397

Lioptilornis, 418

Lioptilus, 413

litsipsirupa, Merula, 185
litsipsirupa, Turdus, 185
livingstonii, Campicola, 132
livingstoni, Garrulax, 366
lochmius, Garrulax, 359
loeseri, Turdus, 192
longicauda, Melampitta, 239
longicauda, Suthora, 434
longicaudata, Pnoepyga, 298
longicaudatus, Spelaeornis, 298
longirostris, Monticola, 139
longirostris, Petrocincla, 139
longirostris, Pyctorhis, 334
longirostris, Turdoides, 334
longstaff, Malacocincla, 250
longstaffii, Trichastoma, 250
lopezi, Callene, 34

lopezi, Erithacus, 34

loriae, Eupetes, 236

loriae, Ptilorrhoa, 236
loricata, Myiothera, 288
loseri, Turdus, 192
loveridgei, Argya, 336
loveridgei, Turdoides, 336
lowei, Alethe, 63

lowei, Dryonastes, 359
lubberti, Saxicola, 98
lucens, Prunella, 10 ©
luciae, Gampsorhynchus, 390
lucida, Polioptila, 450
lucilleae, Napothera, 292
lucknowensis, Saxicoloides, 133
luctuosa, Saxicola, 115
ludlowi, Alcippe, 402
ludlowi, Fulvetta, 402
ludoviciae, Merula, 185
ludoviciae, Turdus, 185
lugens, Garrulax, 359
lugens, Oenanthe, 127
lugens, Saxicola, 128
lugentoides, Oenanthe, 128
lugentoides, Saxicola, 128
lugubris, Garrulax, 356
lugubris, Melampitta, 239
lugubris, Oenanthe, 128
lugubris, Saxicola, 128
lugubris, Timalia, 356
lumsdeni, Babax, 348
lunulata, Janthocincla, 364
lunulata, Turdus, 158
lunulata, Zoothera, 158
lunulatus, Garrulax, 364
luridus, Planesticus, 221
luridus, Turdus, 221
luristanicus, Erithacus, 43
Luscinia, 32

luscinia, Aedon, 32
luscinia, Erithacus, 40
luscinia, Motacilla, 40
luscinia, Sylvia, 32
luscinioides, Luscinia, 40
lusitanica, Prunella, 11
lustrabila, Ianthocincla, 379
lutea, Leiothrix, 383
lutea, Sylvia, 383

luteola, Leiothrix, 383
lutescens, Macronous, 320
lutescens, Mixornis, 320
luzoniensis, Copsychus, 72
luzoniensis, Turdus, 72
lygrus, Turdus, 222

INDEX 481

lynesi, Myrmecocichla, 116
lypura, Cercomela, 102
lypura, Sylvia, 102

mabirae, Erithacus, 35
mabirae, Stiphrornis, 35
mabbotti, Prunella, 11
macarthuri, Pogonocichla, 31
macclounii, Callene, 57
macclounii, Cossypha, 57
machiki, Geocichla, 157
machiki, Zoothera, 157
macmillani, Pentholaea, 118
macrocercus, Eupetes, 238
macrocerus, Eupetes, 238
macrodactyla, Napothera, 287
macrodactylum, Malacopteron,
287
Macronous, 318
macroptera, Brachypteryx, 252
macropterum, Trichastoma, 252
macrorhyncha, Oreocincla, 159
macrorhyncha, Pratincola, 105
macrorhyncha, Saxicola, 105
macrorhyncha, Zoothera, 159
Macrorthonyx, 228
macrourus, Eupetes, 238
macrourus, Turdus, 65
maculata, Malacocichla, 169
maculata, Stachyris, 313
maculata, Timalia, 313
maculatus, Catharus, 169
maculatus, Enicurus, 88
maculatus, Orthonyx, 229
maculipectus, Garrulax, 365
maculirostris, Turdus, 221
madagascariensis, Ellisia, 429
madagascariensis, Motacilla,
429
madagascariensis, Oxylabes, 429
maderaspatensis, Pomatorhinus,
270
madoci, Monticola, 140
maesi, Dryonastes, 358
maesi, Garrulax, 358
magdalenae, Microbates, 444
magellanicus, Turdus, 215
magna, Cyanecula, 43
magna, Petrophila, 140
magna, Philomela, 43
magna, Polioptila, 452
magnirostre, Malacopteron, 263

482 INDEX

magnirostris, Alcippe, 263, 408

magnirostris, Paradoxornis, 440

magnirostris, Pnoepyga, 294

magnirostris, Psittiparus, 440

magnirostris, Psophodes, 230

magnum, Malacopteron, 265

mahrattensis, Turdus, 191

maior, Erithacus, 36

maior, Polioptila, 453

major, Alcippe, 404

major, Brachypteryx, 15

major, Eroessa, 301

major, Garrulax, 367

major, Geocichla, 157

major, Philomela, 43

major, Phoenicura, 15

major, Polioptila, 453

major, Pyctorhis, 328

major, Rhinocichla, 367

major, Schoeniparus, 404

major, Turdus, 157

major, Zoothera, 157

makalaka, Erythropygia, 21

malabarica, Muscicapa, 69

malabaricus, Copsychus, 69

malabaricus, Malacocircus, 337

malabaricus, Turdoides, 337

malaccense, Trichastoma, 250

malaccensis, Brachypteryx, 250

Malacias, 416

Malacocercus, 331

Malacocincla, 247

Malacocircus, 331

Malacopteron, 262

Malacopterus, 262

malacoptilus, Rimator, 284

Malacornis, 262

malayana, Minla, 396

malayana, Siva, 396

malcolmi, Timalia, 334

malecolmi, Turdoides, 334

malekulae, Turdus, 197

Malia, 427

malindangensis, Brachypteryx,
aly

malindangensis, Merula, 194

malindangensis, Turdus, 194

malloperena, Kittacincla, 70

malloperenus, Copsychus, 70

malloreae, Turdus, 189

mandarinus, Turdus, 191

mandellii, Aleippe, 405

mandellii, Minla, 405
mandellii, Pellorneum, 241
manipurensis, Alcippe, 402
manipurensis, Proparus, 402
mantschurica, Suthora, 434
mantschuricus, Paradoxornis,
434
maranonicus, Turdus, 214
marchanti, Illadopsis, 258
marchanti, Trichastoma, 258
mareensis, Turdus, 198
margaretae, Pratincola, 104
margaretae, Turdus, 159
margaretae, Zoothera, 159
margaritae, Paradoxornis, 442
margaritae, Polioptila, 450
margaritae, Psittiparus, 442
margaritata, Pogonocichla, 32
marginata, Zoothera, 160
marginatum, Cinclosoma, 233
mariae, Minla, 397
mariae, Pomatorhinus, 278
marmorata, Napothera, 287
marmoratus, Turdinus, 288
maroccanus, Crateropus, 335
maroccanus, Turdoides, 335
masculus, Copsychus, 66
matinangensis, Geomalia, 144
maura, Muscicapa, 107
maura, Saxicola, 107
mauritanicus, Turdus, 190
mawensis, Cossypha, 56
maxima, Merula, 191
maximus, Garrulax, 364
maximus, Phoenicurus, 79
maximus, Pterorhinus, 364
maximus, Turdus, 191
mayonensis, Merula, 194
mayonensis, Turdus, 194
mayri, Cinclosoma, 232
mayri, Eupetes, 235
mayri, Macronus, 319
mayri, Ptilorrhoa, 235
mbuluensis, Bessonornis, 57
mbuluensis, Cossypha, 57
mecClellandii, Garrulax, 355
meclellandi, Pomatorhinus, 267
mearnsi, Macronous, 324
mearsi, Pomatorhinus, 271
megarhynchos, Erithacus, 40
megarhynchos, Luscinia, 40
megas, Turdus, 220

INDEX 483

meinertzhageni, Prunella, 11
melaena, Myrmecocichla, 119
melaena, Saxicola, 119
Melampitta, 239
melanchima, Cutia, 384
melanocephalum, Malacopterum,
263
Melanocichla, 349
melanoleuca, Heterophasia, 418
melanoleuca, Muscicapa, 126
melanoleuca, Oenanthe, 114, 126
melanoleuca, Rhodophila, 114
melanoleuca, Sibia, 419
melanonota, Bessornis, 59
melanopleura, Merula, 176
melanopleura, Platycichla, 176
melanops, Crateropus, 340
melanops, Myadestes, 92
melanops, Myiadestas, 92
melanops, Pteruthius, 388
melanops, Turdoides, 339
melanoptera, Cercotrichas, 27
melanoptera, Sphenura, 27
melanostigma, Garrulax, 378
melanothorax, Myiothera, 316
melanothorax, Stachyris, 316
melanotis, Garrulax, 355
melanotis, Pteruthius, 388
melanura, Cercomela, 101
melanura, Cittacincla, 71
melanura, Polioptila, 449
melanura, Saxicola, 101
melanurus, Arrenga, 141
melanurus, Copsychus, 71
melanurus, Myiophoneus, 141
melanurus, Pomatorhinus, 270
melanurus, Ramphocaenus, 445
melli, Garrulax, 354
melli, Turdus, 148
melli, Zoothera, 148
Mellopitta, 239
melodus, Crateropus, 414
melophilus, Erithacus, 36
melpomene, Catharus, 164
melpomene, Turdus, 164
menachensis, Turdus, 185
mendeni, Cyanoderma, 316
mendeni, Geokichla, 146
mendeni, Napothera, 292
mendeni, Stachyris, 316
mendeni, Turdus, 146

mendeni, Zoothera, 146
menghwaensis, Fulvetta, 403
mentalis, Argya, 336
mentalis, Catharus, 168
mentalis, Turdoides, 336
menzbieri, Prunella, 10
meridionale, Trochalopterum,
3871
meridionalis, Garrulax, 371
meriodionalis, Sialia, 84
Merula, 177
merula, Turdus, 189
merulinus, Garrulax, 368
merulinus, Turdus, 187
meruloides, Orpheus, 150
meruloides, Zoothera, 150
Mesia, 381
mesoleuca, Sylvia, 77
mexicana, Culicivora, 448
mexicana, Malacocychla, 168
mexicana, Sialia, 84
mexicanus, Catharus, 168
micra, Alcippe, 412
Microbates, 443
Microcichla, 85
Micromacronus, 326
microrhynchos, Erithacus, 36
microrhynchus, Turdus, 220
Microura, 293
migratorius, Turdus, 226
miharagokko, Turdus, 157
milanjensis, Turdus, 183
milleti, Garrulax, 358
milnei, Garrulax, 379
milnei, Trochalopteron, 379
Mimocichla, 177
mindanensis, Brachypteryx, 17
mindanensis, Copsychus, 68
mindanensis, Geocichla, 154
mindanensis, Macronous, 324
mindanensis, Ptilocichla, 284
mindanensis, Ptilopyga, 285
mindanensis, Turdus, 68
mindorensis, Turdus, 194
minima, Geokichla, 145
minima, Stactocichla, 368
minimus, Catharus, 171
minimus, Turdus, 171
Minla, 394
Minodoria, 318
minor, Actinodura, 392
minor, Aedon, 238

484 INDEX

minor, Cittacincla, 70
minor, Copsychus, 70
minor, Erythropygia, 23
minor, Macronus, 325
minor, Mixornis, 319
minor, Myrmecocichla, 117
minor, Pellorneum, 243
minor, Pomatorhinus, 268
minor, Turdinus, 253
minor, Turdus, 173

minus, Pellorneum, 243
minus, Trichastoma, 253
minuscula, Merula, 223
minuta, Ptilocichla, 284
minutus, Turdinus, 259
mirabilis, Catharus, 167
mirabilis, Copsychus, 70
mitrata, Timalia, 367
mitratus, Garrulax, 367
mixta, Heterophasia, 416
Mixornis, 318

mochae, Turdus, 215
modesta, Bessonornis, 99
modesta, Cercomela, 99
modularis, Motacilla, 11
modularis, Prunella, 10
Modulatrix, 60

moesta, Oenanthe, 131
moesta, Saxicola, 131
moheliensis, Turdus, 178
mollissima, Zoothera, 155
mollissimus, Turdus, 155
Mollitor, 235
moloneyanum, Trichastoma, 260
moloneyanus, Turdinus, 260
monacha, Oenanthe, 129
monacha, Saxicola, 129
monachus, Alcippe, 411
monachus, Garrulax, 360
monachus, Turdinus, 411
mongolica, Prunella, 8
monileger, Garrulax, 353
monilegera, Cinclosoma, 353
monnardi, Erithacus, 36
montana, Alethe, 63
montana, Brachypteryx, 16
montana, Mixornis, 323
montana, Prunella, 4
montana, Saxicola, 126
montanella, Motacilla, 7
montanella, Prunella, 7
montanus, Macronous, 3238, 324

montanus, Myadestes, 91
montanus, Myiadestes, 91
montanus, Pomatorhinus, 273
montanus, Sturnus, 4
montanus, Tarsiger, 31
Monticola, 135
monticola, Oenanthe, 130
monticola, Zoothera, 159
montivaga, Actinodura, 391
moori, Alethe, 261
moptana, Saxicola, 109
morgani, Cinclosoma, 232
Morganornis, 279
morrelli, Pellorneum, 246
morrisonia, Alcippe, 409, 410
morrisoniana, Actinodura, 393
morrisoniana, Suthora, 439
morrisonianum, Trochalopterum,
875
morrisonianus, Garrulax, 375
morrisonianus, Paradoxornis,
439
mouhoti, Garrulax, 354
moultoni, Malacopteron, 265
moultoni, Ophrydornis, 265
mountfordae, Pomatostomus,
280
Moupinia, 329
moussieri, Erythacus, 79
moussieri, Phoenicurus, 79
muliensis, Garrulax, 375
mulleri, Cichladusa, 61
multistriatus, Accentor, 7
munda, Erythropygia, 21
munda, Saxicoloides, 133
munda, Thamnobia, 21
munipurensis, Suthora, 437
munroi, Catharus, 173
mupinensis, Turdus, 206
muraria, Prunella, 6
murielae, Saxicola, 106
murinus, Turdus, 217
muscale, Cinclosoma, 234
muscatensis, Turdoides, 334
Muscicapidae, 13
Muscisylvia, 81
musicus, Copsychus, 66
musicus, Lanius, 66
musicus, Turdus, 204
musicus, Pomatorhinus, 276
mustelina, Hylocichla, 175
mustelinus, Turdus, 175

INDEX 485

mutica, Pnoepyga, 293
mwinilunga, Cossypha, 55
Myadestes, 89

myadestinus, Phaeornis, 163
Myiomela, 81

Myiophoneus, 140
Myophonus, 140
Myrmecocichla, 115
Mystacornis, 429

Myzornis, 428

nadiae, Prunella, 8

naevia, Zoothera, 150
naevius, Turdus, 150
nagaensis, Chrysomma, 328
nagaensis, Cutia, 384
nagaensis, Spelaeornis, 297
nagaensis, Turdinus, 246
namaquensis, Cercomela, 100
namaquensis, Cossypha, 57
namaquensis, Karrucincla, 100
Namibornis, 27

namiyei, Erithacus, 39
namiyei, Icoturus, 39
namnetum, Luscinia, 42
namtiense, Trochalopterum, 369
namuli, Alethe, 64

nangka, Heteroxenicus, 16
Nannotheta, 247
nanschanica, Prunella, 8
nanus, Catharus, 173

nanus, Turdus, 173

naphaea, Napothera, 289
Napothera, 286

nasalis, Pyctorhis, 328
nasale, Chrysomma, 328
natalensis, Cossypha, 53
natalensis, Turdoides, 343
nataliae, Turdus, 206
natalicus, Turdus, 154
natunensis, Stachyris, 311
naumanni, Turdus, 202

nea, Cinclosoma, 234
nebulosa, Cercomela, 100
nebularum, Saxicola, 109
neglectum, Cinclosoma, 231
neglectus, Turdus, 207
neilgherriensis, Oreocincla, 156
neilgherriensis, Zoothera, 156
nelsoni, Polioptila, 449
Nemura, 33

neocara, Cyanoderma, 315
Neocossyphus, 95

Neomixis, 299

Neosuthora, 432

neseri, Oenanthe, 132
nesiarchus, Copsychus, 66
nesiotes, Copsychus, 66
nesitis, Anuropsis, 250
Nesobates, 429

Nesocichla, 162

neumanni, Cercomela, 102
neumanni, Eupetes, 236
neumanni, Ptilorrhoa, 236
ni, Turdus, 202

niasense, Malacopteron, 264
niasensis, Malacornis, 264
niassae, Monticola, 137
niassae, Turdus, 184

niger, Copsychus, 67, 73
nigra, Cittocincla, 73

nigra, Kittacincla, 67

nigra, Myrmecocichla, 117
nigra, Merula, 177

nigra, Oenanthe, 117
Nigravis, 302

nigrescens, Pomatorhinus, 281
nigrescens, Pomatostomus, 281
nigrescens, Turdus, 210
nigrescentior, Stachyris, 312
nigricans, Prunella, 4
nigricapillus, Lioptilus, 413
nigricapillus, Turdus, 413
nigricauda, Cittacincla, 72
nigricauda, Copsychus, 72
nigricauda, Oenanthe, 131
nigriceps, Cossypha, 52
nigriceps, Drymodes, 29
nigriceps, Heterophasia, 417
nigriceps, Polioptila, 451
nigriceps, Sibia, 417
nigriceps, Stachyris, 309
nigriceps, Turdus, 212
nigricollis, Stachyris, 314
nigricollis, Timalia, 314
nigricrissa, Ptilorrhoa, 236
nigricrissus, Eupetes, 236
nigrideus, Turdus, 226
nigrifrons, Alcippe, 318
nigrifrons, Rhopocichla, 318
nigrilorum, Turdus, 180
nigrimenta, Yuhina, 425
nigrimentum, Garrulax, 376

486 INDEX

nigrimentum, Trochalopterum,
376
nigrirostris, Turdus, 218
nigroaurita, Leioptila, 419
nigrocapitata, Brachypteryx,
246
nigrocapitata, Stachyris, 307
nigrocapitatum, Pellorneum, 246
nigrocapitatus, Mixornis, 3807
nigrogularis, Psophodes, 230
nigropileus, Merula, 191
nigropileus, Turdus, 191
nigrorum, Stachyris, 308
nigrorum, Turdus, 194
nigrostellatus, Pomatorhinus,
276
nilgiriensis, Saxicola, 113
ningpoense, Trochalopterum, 363
nipalensis, Accentor, 5
nipalensis, Actinodura, 392
nipalensis, Alcippe, 411
nipalensis, Brachypteryx, 15
nipalensis, Cinclosoma, 392
nipalensis, Cutia, 384
nipalensis, Mesia, 411
nipalensis, Paradoxornis, 437
nipalensis, Parus, 437
nipalensis, Prunella, 5
nipalensis, Siva, 411
nipalensis, Suthora, 437
nipalensis, Timalia, 332
nipalensis, Turdoides, 332
nivea, Oenanthe, 125
nivea, Saxicola, 125
niveicapilla, Cossypha, 59
niveicapilla, Turdus, 59
niveiceps, Planesticus, 193
njombe, Alethe, 57
nocrecus, Pteruthius, 386
noskae, Pratincola, 104
notatum, Malacopteron, 264
Notiocichla, 135
Notodela, 64
novaeguineae, Orthonyx, 228
nuchalis, Garrulax, 358
nuchalis, Pomatorhinus, 272
nudigenis, Turdus, 221
nullarborensis, Cinclosoma, 234
nyasae, Pseudoalcippe, 257
nyctilampis, Drymocataphus,
246
nyctilampis, Pellorneum, 246

nyikae, Turdus, 183
nyombensis, Lioptilus, 414

oahensis, Phaeornis, 163
oatesi, Paradoxornis, 439
oatesi, Siva, 394

oatesi, Spelaeornis, 298
oatesi, Suthora, 439

oatesi, Urocichla, 298

oatleyi, Erythropygia, 26
oberholseri, Myadestes, 91
oberlaenderi, Geocichla, 152
oberlaenderi, Zoothera, 152
oblectans, Garrulax, 370
oblitus, Turdus, 223

obscura, Corythocichla, 289
obscura, Cyanecula, 45
obscura, Larvivora, 45
obscura, Merula, 181

obscura, Motacilla, 11
obscura, Muscicapa, 164
obscura, Polioptila, 449
obscura, Prunella, 11
obscura, Stachyridopsis, 303
obscura, Stachyris, 303
obscura, Tharrhaleus, 11
obscura, Yuhina, 424
obscurata, Stachyris, 314
obscurior, Alcippe, 406
obscurior, Malacocincla, 255
obscurior, Yuhina, 425
obscurius, Trichastoma, 255
obscurus, Erithacus, 45
obscurus, Garrulax, 353, 368
obscurus, Myadestes, 90
obscurus, Phaeornis, 163
obscurus, Pomatorhinus, 270
obscurus, Pteruthius, 388
obscurus, Ramphocaenus, 447
obscurus, Turdus, 201
obsoletus, Turdus, 219
occidentale, Sphenostoma, 231
occidentalis, Accentor, 10
occidentalis, Amalocichla, 160
occidentalis, Catharus, 168
occidentalis, Cossypha, 55
occidentalis, Cyanecula, 43
occidentalis, Eupetes, 236
occidentalis, Garrulax, 363
occidentalis, Ianthocincla, 363
occidentalis, Luscinia, 43
occidentalis, Myadestes, 90

INDEX 487

occidentalis, Panurus, 430
occidentalis, Pomatorhinus, 273
occidentalis, Prunella, 10
occidentalis, Pteruthius, 387
occidentalis, Sialia, 84
occipitalis, Siva, 422
occipitalis, Yuhina, 425
ocellatum, Cinclosoma, 365
ocellatus, Garrulax, 365
ochraceiceps, Pomatorhinus, 276
ochraceus, Drymocataphus, 249
ochrops, Stachyris, 305
ochroptila, Kittacincla, 71
ochroptilus, Copsychus, 71
ochruros, Motacilla, 75
ochruros, Phoenicurus, 75
ockendeni, Turdus, 211
ocularis, Accentor, 9

ocularis, Prunella, 9

odica, Thamnolaea, 120

odicus, Pomatorhinus, 268
oedica, Hylocichla, 172
oedicus, Catharus, 172
oemodium, Conostoma, 431
oemodius, Conostama, 431
Oenanthe, 121

oenanthe, Motacilla, 124
oenanthe, Oenanthe, 124

oglei, Actinura, 313

oglei, Stachyris, 313

oldeani, Turdus, 182
olimotiensis, Cercomela, 104
olimotiensis, Pinarochroa, 104
olivacea, Alcippe, 406
olivascens, Catharus, 168
olivascentior, Amalocichla, 161
olivaceofuscus, Turdus, 179
olivaceum, Malacopteron, 256
olivaceum, Pellorneum, 241
olivaceum, Trichastoma, 256
olivaceus, Corvus, 230
olivaceus, Drymocataphus, 249
olivaceus, Mixornis, 249
olivaceus, Pomatorhinus, 272
olivaceus, Psophodes, 230
olivaceus, Tarsiger, 31
olivaceus, Turdus, 179, 181
olivater, Turdus, 213

olivatra, Merula, 213

oliviae, Sylvia, 23

omeiensis, Liocichla, 381
omeiensis, Trochalopterum, 379

omeiensis, Yuhina, 424
omissa, Kittacincla, 71
omissa, Siva, 396

omissus, Copsychus, 71
omissus, Enicurus, 88
omoensis, Cercomela, 99
omoensis, Cossypha, 60
omoensis, Crateropus, 345
omoensis, Saxicola, 99
omoensis, Turdoides, 345
opertaneus, Catharus, 167
Ophrydornis, 263
opisthisa, Kittacincla, 71
opisthochra, Kittacincla, 71
opistholeuca, Saxicola, 127
opisthopela, Kittacincla, 71
opisthopelus, Copsychus, 71
oreas, Picathartes, 442
oreobates, Saxicola, 111
Oreocichla, 145
Oreocincla, 144

oreophila, Oenanthe, 126
oreophila, Saxicola, 126
orestes, Myrmecocichla, 117
oreum, Pellorneum, 244
oribata, Babax, 347

oriens, Erythropygia, 24
orientale, Cinclidium, 82
orientalis, Accentor, 11
orientalis, Callene, 82
orientalis, Malacocircus, 338
orientalis, Merula, 188
orientalis, Minla, 395
orientalis, Neomixis, 300
orientalis, Phoenicurus, 79
orientalis, Pogonocichla, 31
orientalis, Pomatorhinus, 278
orientalis, Pratincola, 110
orientalis, Siva, 395
orientalis, Stachyris, 314
orientalis, Tarsiger, 31
orientalis, Turdus, 188
orientalis, Turdoides, 338
orientis, Geocichla, 149
orientis, Zoothera, 149

orii, Turdus, 199
orinocensis, Turdus, 218
oromela, Hylocichla, 174
Orthonychinae, 228
Orthonyx, 228

otomitra, Geocichla, 152
otomitra, Zoothera, 152

488 INDEX

ottolanderi, Pomatorhinus, 274
oustaleti, Garrulax, 375
oustaleti, Ianthocincla, 375
ovamboensis, Erythropygia, 21
ovandensis, Catharus, 169
owstoni, Garrulax, 369
owstoni, Trochalopteron, 369
Oxylabes, 429

pachyrhyncha, Myrmecocichla,
118
pachyrhyncha, Pentholaea, 118
paena, Erythropygia, 24
pagana, Stachyris, 305
paganica, Aethostoma, 252
paganus, Stachyridopsis, 305
pagiensis, Copsychus, 67
pagiensis, Kittacincla, 71
palawanense, Malacopteron, 265
pallasii, Turdus, 1738
pallens, Myadestes, 93
pallescens, Stachyridopsis, 302
pallescens, Stachyris, 302
palliata, Janthocincla, 350
palliatus, Garrulax, 350
pallida, Erythropygia, 20
pallida, Malacias, 417
pallida, Psophodes, 230
pallida, Suthora, 439
pallida, Yuhina, 426
pallidigula, Pratincola, 109
pallidigula, Saxicola, 109
pallidogularis, Cyanecula, 43
pallidogularis, Erithacus, 43
pallidigularis, Neocossyphus, 96
pallidior, Cossypha, 55
pallidior, Erithacus, 48
pallidior, Neomixis, 301
pallidior, Pnoepyga, 293
pallidiora, Ianthia, 48
pallidum, Sphenostoma, 231
pallidus, Accentor, 8
pallidus, Allotrius, 388
pallidus, Drymodes, 29
pallidus, Paradoxornis, 439
pallidus, Pterythius, 388
pallidus, Ramphocaenus, 446
pallidus, Turdus, 200
palmeri, Phaeornis, 164
palustre, Pellorneum, 245
palustris, Megalurus, 333
pandoo, Monticola, 139

pandoo, Petrocincla, 139
Panurinae, 430

Panurus, 430

papuensis, Geocichla, 158
papuensis, Merula, 196
papuensis, Turdus, 196
papuensis, Zoothera, 158
Papuorthonyx, 228

par, Eupetes, 237

par, Ptilorrhoa, 237
paradoxa, Cholornis, 432
paradoxa, Ruticilla, 76
Paradoxornis, 431
Paradoxornithinae, 430
paradoxus, Paradoxornis, 432
paraensis, Polioptila, 454
paraguayensis, Merula, 225
paraguayensis, Turdus, 225
paraguensis, Microbates, 444
parambanus, Turdus, 219
paraquensis, Turdus, 213
parcolor, Turdus, 222
Parophasma, 414

parsonsi, Pomatostomus, 282
parva, Zoothera, 160
parvimaculata, Kittacincla, 73
parvimaculatus, Copsychus, 73
parvirostris, Jabouilleia, 283
parvirostris, Polioptila, 453
pasquieri, Garrulax, 354
pasquieri, Rimator, 284
patkaicus, Garrulax, 352
patriciae, Paradoxornis, 438
patriciae, Suthora, 438
patriciae, Timalia, 327
pauciguttatus, Turdus, 186
pectardens, Calliope, 46
pectardens, Erithacus, 46
pectorale, Pellorneum, 242
pectoralis, Calliope, 44
pectoralis, Erithacus, 44
pectoralis, Erythropygia, 22
pectoralis, Garrulax, 855
pectoralis, Ianthocincla, 355
pectoralis, Pellorneum, 242
pekinensis, Suthora, 4384
Peliocichla, 178

pelios, Turdus, 180
pellogyna, Kittacincla, 70
Pellorneum, 240

pellum, Cyanoderma, 315
pembertoni, Turdus, 215

INDEX 489

peninsulae, Garrulax, 378
peninsulae, Trochalopterum, 378
peninsularis, Garrulax, 352
peninsularis, Melanocichla, 356
Pentholaea, 115
peracensis, Alcippe, 409
perates, Phoenicurus, 78
perbona, Ianthocincla, 373
periculosa, Cossypha, 56
peripheris, Turdus, 184
perlatus, Microbates, 444
permistus, Crateropus, 341
permixtus, Turdus, 227
permutata, Erythropygia, 21
peronii, Turdus, 147
peronii, Zoothera, 147
persica, Aedon, 28
persica, Oenanthe, 128
persica, Saxicola, 128
personus, Planesticus, 218
personus, Turdus, 218
perspicillata, Cacopitta, 257
perspicillatum, Trichastoma,
257
perspicillatus, Garrulax, 350
perspicillatus, Turdus, 350
perstriata, Alcippe, 401
perstriata, Fulvetta, 401
peruvianus, Cichlopsis, 94
peruvianus, Microbates, 445
peruvianus, Myadestes, 94
Petrophila, 135
Petrornis, 1385
phaea, Chamaea, 330
phaenicuroides, Brachypterus,
80
phaenicuroides, Bradypterus, 81
phaenicuroides, Hodgsonius, 81
phaeocephala, Alcippe, 407
phaeopleurus, Catharus, 166
phaeopygoides, Turdus, 223
phaeopygus, Turdus, 224
Phaeornis, 163
phayrei, Alcippe, 407
phayrei, Pomatorhinus, 277
philippensis, Monticola, 139
philippensis, Turdus, 139
phillipsi, Dumetia, 317
phillipsi, Oenanthe, 125
phillipsi, Saxicola, 125
phillipsi, Turdus, 227
philomela, Sylvia, 43

philomelos, Turdus, 205
phoebei, Turdinus, 260
phoenicea, Ianthocincla, 380
phoenicea, Liocichla, 380
phoeniceum, Malacopteron, 264
Phoenicuroides, 96
phoenicuroides, Phoenicurus, 76
phoenicuroides, Ruticilla, 76
Phoenicurus, 74
phoenicurus, Motacilla, 76
phoenicuroides, Phoenicurus, 76
Phyllanthus, 414

plaggiae, Turdus, 151
piaggiae, Zoothera, 151
pica, Copsychus, 69

pica, Turdus, 69

picaoides, Heterophasia, 420
picata, Oenanthe, 127
picata, Saxicola, 127

picta, Brachypteryx, 15
picta, Heinrichia, 15
Picathartes, 442
Picathartinae, 442
picticollis, Garrulax, 356
pieaoides, Sibia, 420

pilaris, Turdus, 203

pileata, Motacilla, 182
pileata, Napothera, 265
pileata, Oenanthe, 132
pileata, Timalia, 326
pilettei, Geocichla, 154
pilettei, Zoothera, 154
Pinarochroa, 96
Pinarornis, 27

pinicola, Turdus, 150
pinicola, Zoothera, 150
pinwilli, Pomatorhinus, 271
placens, Turdus, 197
Planesticus, 177

planicola, Stachyris, 303
plateni, Mixornis, 307
plateni, Stachyris, 307
Platycichla, 176
platycircus, Crateropus, 341
platycircus, Turdoides, 341
plebeia, Erythropygia, 23
plebejus, Ixos, 341

plebejus, Turdoides, 341
plebejus, Turdus, 216
pleschanka, Motacilla, 129
pleschanka, Oenanthe, 129
pleskei, Ruticilla, 78

490

plumbea, Polioptila, 451
plumbeiceps, Myadestes, 92
plumbeiceps, Staphida, 421
plumbeiceps, Yuhina, 421
plumbeus, Todus, 453
plumbeus, Turdus, 208
plumbiceps, Polioptila, 452
plumosus, Pinarornis, 28
pluto, Copsychus, 67

pluto, Turdus, 61

Pnoepyga, 293

podobe, Cercotrichas, 27
podobe, Turdus, 27
poecilorhyncha, Garrulax, 367
poecilorhynchus, Garrulax, 367
poecilotis, Alcippe, 329
poecilotis, Moupinia, 329
poense, Trichastoma, 258
poensis, Callene, 50

poensis, Cossypha, 50, 96
poensis, Illadopsis, 258
poensis, Neocossyphus, 96
poensis, Turdus, 180
Pogonocichla, 380
poioicephala, Alcippe, 407
poioicephala, Thimalia, 407
poliocephala, Alethe, 63
poliocephala, Stachyris, 311
poliocephala, Timalia, 311
poliocephalus, Criniger, 63
poliocephalus, Garrulax, 415
poliocephalus, Trichophorus, 63
poliocephalus, Turdus, 192
poliogaster, Stachyris, 303
poliogene, Trichastoma, 251
poliogenis, Brachypteryx, 251
poliogyna, Brachypteryx, 17
polionota, Hylocichla, 174
polionota, Merula, 176
polionota, Platycichla, 176
polionotus, Catharus, 174
polioparea, Alethe, 259
poliophrys, Alethe, 62
polioplocamus, Turdoides, 339
polioptera, Cossypha, 51
Polioptila, 448

Polioptilinae, 443
poliothorax, Alethe, 261
poliothorax, Trichastoma, 261
poliotis, Actinodura, 393
poliotis, Ixops, 393

poliotis, Paradoxornis, 437

INDEX

poliotis, Suthora, 437

polius, Planesticus, 182
pollux, Cercomela, 101
pollux, Saxicola, 101
Pomatorhinus, 266
Pomatostomus, 279
pondoensis, Turdus, 182
pontia, Mixornis, 322
pontilis, Polioptila, 450
pontius, Macronous, 322
porotensis, Bessonornis, 57
portoricensis, Turdus, 209
practica, Ianthia, 48
praecognita, Stachyris, 305
praecognitus, Stachyris, 305
praepectoralis, Neocossyphus, 96
Pratincola, 104

precentor, Turdus, 207
pressa, Illadopsis, 60

pressa, Modulatrix, 60
pretoriae, Monticola, 136
prillwitzi, Macronous, 319
prillwitzi, Mixornis, 319
princei, Chamaetylas, 153
princei, Zoothera, 153
pritzbueri, Turdus, 197
prjevalskii, Garrulax, 373
prjevalskii, Trochalopteron, 373
problematicus, Copsychus, 67
procax, Nesocichla, 162
promiscua, Saxicola, 109
Proparoides, 398
propinquus, Dryonastes, 359
propinquus, Garrulax, 359
propinquus, Turdus, 227
prosthopellus, Copsychus, 66
protomomelas, Turdus, 186
proxima, Napothera, 289
Prunella, 3

Prunellidae, 3

przevalskii, Cyanosylvia, 44
przewalskii, Paradoxornis, 436
przewalskii, Pratincola, 107
przewalskii, Saxicola, 107
przewalskii, Suthora, 486
Psammocichla, 97
Pseudaedon, 33
Pseudoalcippe, 398
Pseudocossyphus, 134
pseudohodgsoni, Turdus, 208
Pseudominla, 398
Pseudopitta, 160

Pseudoturdus, 145
Psilorhamphus, 456
psithyrus, Psittiparus, 440
Psittiparus, 432
Psophocichla, 177
Psophodes, 229

ptaritepui, Turdus, 2138
Pterocyclus, 349
Ptererythrius, 385
Pterorhinus, 349
Pteruthius, 385
Pterythrius, 385
ptgymatura, Oenanthe, 133
Ptilocichla, 284

Ptilopyga, 248

Ptillorrhoa, 2385

Ptyrticus, 262

puguensis, Illadopsis, 259
pulchella, Heterophasia, 419
pulchella, Sibia, 419
pulcher, Eupetes, 237
pulchra, Ptilorrhoa, 287
pulla, Stachyris, 311
pumilus, Turdinus, 259
punctata, Cinclidia, 241
punctatum, Cinclosoma, 231
punctatum, Pellorneum, 241
punctatus, Troglodytes, 297
punctatus, Turdus, 231
purpurea, Cochoa, 89
purusensis, Turdus, 224
pusilla, Damia, 300

pusilla, Pnoepyga, 294
pusillum, Pellorneum, 247
pusillus, Drymocataphus, 247
pusillus, Pnoepyga, 294
puveli, Trichastoma, 261
puveli, Turdinus, 261

pycea, Myiothera, 253
Pyctoris, 327

Pyctornis, 327

pygmaea, Pnoepyga, 294
pygmaea, Stachyris, 307
pygmaeus, Zosterornis, 307
pyrrogenys, Myiothera, 250
pyrrogenys, Trichastoma, 250
pyrrhonota, Oenanthe, 1138
pyrrhonota, Saxicola, 113
pyrrhophaea, Stachyris, 315
pyrrhophaea, Timalia, 315
pyrrhops, Stachyris, 305
pyrrhoptera, Alcippe, 408

INDEX 491

pyrrhoptera, Callene, 257
pyrrhoptera, Napothera, 408
pyrrhopterum, Trichastoma, 257
pyrrhoura, Myzornis, 428
pyrropyga, Trichixos, 73
pyrropygus, Copsychus, 73

quadrivirgata, Erythropygia, 25
quadrivirgata, Thamnobia, 285
quarta, Yuhina, 426

querulum, Trochalopteron, 372
quindio, Turdus, 210

rabori, Napothera, 290
radcliffei, Actinodura, 392
radcliffei, Leioptila, 419
rafaelensis, Turdus, 216
raineyi, Geocichla, 152
ralloides, Myadestes, 92
ralloides, Myiadestes, 93
ralloides, Muscipeta, 938
rama, Siva, 394
Ramphocaenus, 445
ramsayi, Actinodura, 391
ramsayi, Actinura, 392
ramsayl, Garrulax, 378
ramsayi, Trochalopterum, 378
randi, Saxicola, 113

rasus, Paradoxornis, 441
rasus, Psittiparus, 441
ravida, Stachyris, 309
ravida, Mimocichla, 208
ravidus, Turdus, 208
reclusus, Macronous, 325
reclusus, Macronus, 325
recondita, Malia, 427
reconditus, Pomatorhinus, 275
recter, Pomatorhinus, 274
reevel, Turdus, 212
reichenowi, Crateropus, 343
reichenowi, Erythropygia, 25
reichenowi, Pentholaea, 119
reichenowi, Turdinus, 260
reinwardii, Crateropus, 340
reinwardtii, Turdoides, 340
reiseri, Turdus, 206
rennellianus, Turdus, 196
renominatus, Turdus, 222
reptata, Urocichla, 298
reptatus, Spelaeornis, 298
restricta, Polioptila, 451
retrusus, Myadestes, 91

492

Rhinocichla, 349
Rhinocryptidae, 456
rhipidura, Notodela, 81
rhodesiae, Pinarornis, 28
Rhodophila, 104
Rhopocichla, 317
Rhyacornis, 80

richardi, Cercomela, 98
ricinus, Dryonastes, 366
ricinus, Garrulax, 366
ricketti, Leiothrix, 382
ricketti, Mesia, 382
ricketti, Paradoxornis, 434
ricketti, Pteruthius, 386
Ridgwayia, 145
riggenbachi, Saxicola, 130
rileyi, Myophonus, 142
rileyi, Stachyris, 310
Rimator, 283

ripleyi, Pellorneum, 242
ripleyi, Pteruthius, 386
ripponi, Actinodura, 391
ripponi, Alcippe, 401
ripponi, Liocichla, 380
ripponi, Paradoxornis, 438
ripponi, Pomatorhinus, 272
ripponi, Proparus, 401
ripponi, Prunella, 5
ripponi, Suthora, 438
ripponi, Trochalopterum, 380
roberti, Callene, 50
roberti, Cossypha, 50
roberti, Napothera, 291
roberti, Pnoepyga, 291
roberti, Sphenocichla, 299
robini, Garrulax, 356
robinsoni, Enicurus, 88
robinsoni, Heterophasia, 418
robinsoni, Lioptila, 418
robinsoni, Myiophoneus, 141
robinsoni, Pteruthius, 387
robusta, Cyanecula, 42
robusta, Pratincola, 110
rocki, Paradoxornis, 433
rocki, Spelaeornis, 296
rocki, Suthora, 433
rodolphei, Stachyris, 302
roehli, Turdus, 183
rogersi, Yuhina, 423
rookmakeri, Leiothrix, 382
rookmakeri, Mesia, 382
roraimae, Turdus, 213

INDEX

rosea, Suthora, 434
rossorum, Pratincola, 112
rossorum, Saxicola, 112
rostrata, Melampitta, 239
rostrata, Mellopitta, 239
rostrata, Saxicola, 124
rostratum, Trichastoma, 252
rothschildi, Cochoa, 89
rothschildi, Xiphirhynchus, 283
rouxl, Ixulus, 423

rouxi, Yuhina, 423

rovumae, Erythropygia, 25
rowei, Geokichla, 151

rowei, Zoothera, 151
rubecula, Erithacus, 36
rubecula, Geocichla, 149
rubecula, Motacilla, 36
rubecula, Zoothera, 149
rubeculoides, Accentor, 6
rubeculoides, Prunella, 6
rubeculus, Pomatorhinus, 280
rubeculus, Pomatostomus, 280
rubetra, Motacilla, 104
rubetra, Saxicola, 104
rubicapilla, Motacilla, 319
rubicapillus, Macronous, 319
rubicola, Motacilla, 106
rubicola, Saxicola, 106
rubicunda, Cassinia, 95
rubicunda, Stizorhina, 95
rubicundus, Planesticus, 223
rubicundus, Turdus, 223
rubida, Prunella, 12

rubidus, Accentor, 12
rubiginosa, Trichastoma, 267
rubiginosus, Crateropus, 336
rubiginosus, Garrulax, 415
rubiginosus, Layardia, 334
rubiginosus, Malacocercus, 334
rubiginosus, Phyllanthus, 415
rubiginosus, Pomatorhinus, 277
rubiginosus, Turdoides, 336
rubripes, Turdus, 209
rubrocanus, Turdus, 200
rubrogularis, Mesia, 382
rudigeri, Turdus, 189
rudolfi, Cercomela, 103
rudolfi, Pinarochroa, 103
rufa, Cyanoderma, 316

rufa, Pnoepyga, 295

rufa, Stachyris, 316
rufescens, Argya, 336

rufescens, Crateropus, 336
rufescens, Malacocercus, 337
rufescens, Trichastoma, 259
rufescens, Turdirostris, 259
rufescens, Turdoides, 3387
rufescentior, Alcippe, 410
rufescentior, Cossypha, 50
rufescentior, Malacocincla, 256
rufescentior, Proparus, 410
rufiberbis, Garrulax, 364
rufiberbis, Ianthocincla, 364
ruficapilla, Alcippe, 402
ruficapilla, Siva, 402
ruficapillus, Enicurus, 86
ruficapillus, Garrulax, 376
ruficauda, Bradyornis, 61
ruficauda, Cichladusa, 61
ruficauda, Erythropygia, 21
ruficeps, Chleuasicus, 439
ruficeps, Erithacus, 45
ruficeps, Garrulax, 351
ruficeps, Larvivora, 45
ruficeps, Merula, 198
ruficeps, Paradoxornis, 440
ruficeps, Pellorneum, 241
ruficeps, Pomatorhinus, 282
ruficeps, Pomatostomus, 282
ruficeps, Stachyris, 304
ruficeps, Turdus, 198
ruficollis, Garrulax, 368
ruficollis, Ianthocincla, 368
ruficollis, Pomatorhinus, 274
ruficollis, Turdus, 202
ruficoma, Macronous, 322
ruficoma, Mixornis, 322
rufifrons, Garrulax, 350
rufifrons, Malacopteron, 264
rufifrons, Stachyris, 302
rufifrons, Trichostoma, 265
rufigenis, Ixulus, 421
rufigenis, Yuhina, 421
rufilata, Nemura, 48
rufilata, Prunella, 4
rufilatus, Accentor, 4
rufilatus, Erithacus, 48
rufimenta, Cinclosoma, 363
rufina, Suthora, 440
rufipectus, Napothera, 287
rufipectus, Stachyris, 304
rufipectus, Turdinus, 287
rufipenne, Trichastoma, 259

INDEX 493

rufipennis, Cichladusa, 61
rufipennis, Trichastoma, 259
rufitincta, Ianthocincla, 364
rufitinctus, Garrulax, 364
rufitinctus, Psittiparus, 440
rifitorques, Merula, 225
rufitorques, Turdus, 225
rufiventer, Corythocichla, 289
rufiventer, Napothera, 289
rufiventer, Pteruthius, 385
rufiventer, Thamnobia, 133
rufiventre, Trichastoma, 253
rufiventris, Malacocincla, 253
rufiventris, Monticola, 138
rufiventris, Oenanthe, 76
rufiventris, Petrocincla, 138
rufiventris, Phoenicurus, 76
rufiventris, Ramphocaenus, 445
rufiventris, Scolopacinus, 445
rufiventris, Turdinus, 260
rufiventris, Turdus, 214
rufocinctus, Lioptilus, 413
rufocinerea, Saxicola, 136
rufocinereus, Monticola, 136
rufodorsalis, Minla, 395
rufodorsalis, Siva, 395
rufofuscum, Aethostoma, 254
rufofuscum, Trichastoma, 254
rufogularis, Alcippe, 404
rufogularis, Garrulax, 363
rufogularis, Ianthocincla, 363
rufogularis, Minla, 404
rufopalliatus, Turdus, 225
rufuensis, Crateropus, 346
rufuensis, Turdoides, 346
rufula, Argya, 336

rufula, Chamaea, 330
rufula, Malacocercus, 336
rufulus, Gampsorhynchus, 390
rufus, Neocossyphus, 95
rufus, Pseudocossyphus, 95
ruinarum, Cercomela, 101
rupchandi, Saxicola, 112
rupestris, Monticola, 135
rupestris, Turdus, 135
russatus, Catharus, 165
russicus, Mystacinus, 430
russicus, Panurus, 430
rutha, Phaeornis, 163
ruwenzorii, Pogonocichla, 30
ruwenzorii, Tarsiger, 30

494 INDEX

saani, Erpornis, 427
saani, Yuhina, 427
saba, Malacopteron, 265
sachalinensis, Calliope, 41
salax, Pratincola, 109
salax, Saxicola, 109
salicicola, Catharus, 170
salicicola, Hylocichla, 170
salimalii, Pomatorhinus, 271
salina, Saxicola, 125
salvadorii, Crateropus, 332
salvadorii, Turdoides, 332
samamisica, Motacilla, 77
samamisicus, Phoenicurus, 77
samoensis, Turdus, 199
Samuela, 231
samueli, Cinclosoma, 233
samueli, Samuela, 233
sanctaeluciae, Cichlherminia, 163
sanctaeluciae, Margarops, 163
sanctaeluciae, Myadestes, 92
sanctaemartae, Catharus, 167
sanctaemartae, Planesticus, 218
sanctaemartae, Turdus, 213
sanctaemarthae, Ramphocaenus,
446
sandiae, Turdus, 216
sannio, Garrulax, 369
saraburiensis, Macronous, 320
sarawacensis, Cyanoderma, 303
sarawacensis, Stachyris, 303
sardus, Erithacus, 37
sarudnyi, Oenanthe, 128
saturata, Anuropsis, 251
saturata, Argya, 337
saturata, Brachypteryx, 18
saturata, Erythropygia, 21
saturata, Heterophasia, 416
saturata, Leioptila, 416
saturata, Peliocichla, 179
saturata, Polioptila, 455
saturata, Ptilorrhoa, 237
saturatior, Actinodura, 3938
saturatior, Cossypha, 54
saturatior, Cyanecula, 44
saturatior, Erithacus, 44
saturatior, Gampsorhynchus,
390
saturatior, Ixops, 393
saturatior, Paradoxornis, 432
saturatior, Pyctorhis, 328
saturatius, Chrysomma, 328

saturatum, Trichastoma, 251
saturatus, Eupetes, 237
saturatus, Garrulax, 375
saturatus, Pomatorhinus, 275
saturatus, Turdus, 179
saularis, Copsychus, 65
saularis, Gracula, 65
saurashtrensis, Chrysomma, 328
saxatilis, Cursonia, 288
saxatilis, Monticola, 137
saxatilis, Turdus, 137
Saxicola, 104

Saxicoloides, 132
Seaeorhynchus, 432
schaefferi, Alcippe, 410
schalowi, Oenanthe, 128
schalowi, Saxicola, 128
schalowiana, Ifrita, 240
schauenseei, Garrulax, 354
schauenseei, Pteruthius, 387
schioleri, Oenanthe, 124
schistacea, Geocichla, 145
schistacea, Mimocichla, 209
schistacea, Zoothera, 145
schistaceigula, Polioptila, 454
schistaceus, Enicurus, 87
schistaceus, Garrulax, 377
schistaceus, Motacilla, 87
schistaceus, Turdus, 209
schisticeps, Phoenicurus, 78
schisticeps, Pomatorhinus, 271
schisticeps, Ruticilla, 78
schistochlamys, Garrulax, 350
schlegelii, Cercomela, 100
schlegelii, Erithacus, 100
schlegelii, Turdus, 195
schmackeri, Garrulax, 354
schnitzeri, Turdoides, 337
schoana, Pinarochroa, 103
Schoeniparus, 397
schoeniparus, Psittiparus, 441
schoutedeni, Cossypha, 51
schuetti, Peliocichla, 184
scindica, Moupinia, 329
scindicus, Pyctorhis, 329
Sciocincla, 115

sclateri, Erythropygia, 21
sclateri, Monticola, 136
sclateri, Neomixis, 301
selateriana, Amalocichla, 160
scorteccii, Monticola, 138
scortillum, Pellorneum, 245

INDEX 495

scotocerca, Cercomela, 103 sialis, Motacilla, 83
scotocerea, Saxicola, 103 sialis, Sialia, 88
Scotocichla, 240 siamensis, Pomatorhinus, 272
scouleri, Enicurus, 86 Sibia, 390
serymgeouri, Psophodes, 2380 sibilans, Erithacus, 39
sechellarum, Copsychus, 68 sibilans, Eupetes, 235
seebohmi, Merula, 193 sibilans, Larvivora, 59
seebohmi, Oenanthe, 125 sibilans, Myadestes, 92
seebohmi, Saxicola, 125 sibilans, Ptilorrhoa, 235
seebohmi, Turdus, 193 sibilla, Motacilla, 111
semenowi, Ruticilla, 77 sibilla, Saxicola, 111
semicastanea, Monticola, 138 sibirica, Oenanthe, 122
semicastanea, Petrophila, 138 sibirica, Zoothera, 149
Semimerula, 177 sibiricus, Turdus, 149
Semiparus, 398 siccata, Rhopocichla, 318
semirufa, Cossypha, 54 siccatus, Rhopocichla, 318
semirufa, Petrocincla, 54 siensis, Enicurus, 87
semirufa, Saxicola, 121 signata, Cossypha, 26
semirufa, Sylvia, 75 signata, Erythropygia, 26
semirufa, Thamnolaea, 121 sikkimensis, Garrulax, 357
semirufus, Phoenicurus, 75 sikkimensis, Grammatoptila, 357
semitorquatus, Garrulax, 356 sillimani, Brachypteryx, 17
semitorquatus, Microbates, 444 simensis, Merula, 185
semitorquatus, Ramphocaenus, simensis, Turdus, 185

444 simile, Trochalopteron, 361
sennaarensis, Saxicola, 98 similis, Garrulax, 361
sepiaria, Brachypteryx, 253 similis, Ianthocincla, 365
sepiarium, Trichastoma, 253 similis, Pomatorhinus, 274
sequoiensis, Catharus, 174 similis, Timalia, 323
sequoiensis, Turdus, 174 simillima, Heterophasia, 420
serranus, Turdus, 211 simillimus, Turdus, 192
setafer, Cinclosoma, 371 simlaensis, Minla, 395
setafer, Garrulax, 371 simlaensis, Oreocincla, 155
Setaria, 262 simlaensis, Siva, 395
sgectatoris, Erithacus, 39 simplex, Brachypteryx, 15
Shama, 65 simplex, Heinrichia, 15
shanense, Pellorneum, 242 sinae, Phoenicurus, 78
shanus, Garrulax, 378 sindianus, Crateropus, 338
sharpei, Callene, 35 sindianus, Turdoides, 338
sharpei, Cossypha, 134 sinense, Chrysomma, 328
sharpei, Crateropus, 339 sinensis, Brachypteryx, 17
sharpei, Erithacus, 35 sinensis, Enicurus, 87
sharpei, Garrulax, 379 sinensis, Monticola, 138
sharpei, Pseudocossyphus, 134 sinensis, Parus, 328
sharpei, Trochalopterum, 379 sinensis, Stachyridopsis, 304
sharpei, Turdoides, 339 sinensis, Thringorhina, 312
sharpii, Argya, 336 sini, Minla, 397
shelleyi, Saxicola, 118 sinianum, Trochalopteron, 379
shensiensis, Dryonastes, 350 sinianus, Garrulax, 379
Sheppardia, 33 sinlumensis, Urocichla, 298
sherriffi, Spelaeornis, 296 sinuata, Cercomela, 97

Sialia, 83 sinuata, Luscinia, 97

496

sirense, Trichastoma, 256
sirensis, Malacocincla, 256
sirotensis, Prunella, 6
Sittiparus, 397

Siva, 394

sladeni, Turdus, 196
slamatensis, Garrulax, 350
slevini, Catharus, 174
slevini, Hylocichla, 174
smithi, Catharus, 169
smithi, Pellorneum, 245
smithi, Timalia, 326
smithi, Turdus, 181
smithii, Crateropus, 344
smithii, Turdoides, 344
socia, Oreocincla, 156
sokokensis, Callene, 35
sokokensis, Erithacus, 35
solitaria, Alcippe, 408
solitarius, Monticola, 138
solitarius, Myadestes, 91
solitarius, Turdus, 138
somalica, Saxicola, 129
somervillei, Timalia, 338
somervillei, Turdoides, 338
sonivia, Argya, 333
sonivius, Turdoides, 333
sophiae, Allotrius, 388
sordida, Anuropsis, 255
sordida, Cercomela, 103
sordida, Cyanoderma, 315
sordida, Herpornis, 426
sordida, Minla, 394
sordida, Saxicola, 103
sordida, Siva, 394
sordida, Yuhina, 426
sordidior, Alcippe, 402
sordidior, Minla, 395
sordidior, Moupinia, 329
sordidior, Proparus, 402
sordidior, Siva, 395
sordidior, Yuhina, 424
sordidum, Aethostoma, 255
sordidus, Anuropsis, 251
sordidus, Macronous, 325
soror, Alcippe, 400

soror, Erythropygia, 20
soror, Minla, 400

souliei, Actinodura, 393
souliei, Spelaeornis, 296
sowerbyi, Pomatorhinus, 269
sowerbyi, Turdus, 191

INDEX

spadix, Stachyris, 309
spaldingii, Orthonyx, 229
spatzi, Pratincola, 104
speciosa, Dasycrotapha, 308
speciosa, Stachyris, 308
spectatoris, Erithacus, 39
spectatrix, Cercomela, 103
Spelaeornis, 295
spencei, Turdus, 191
Sphenocichla, 299
Sphenostoma, 231
Spiloptera, 295
spiloptera, Oreocincla, 154
spiloptera, Zoothera, 154
spodiolaemus, Turdus, 224
squamata, Corythocichla, 291
squamata, Ianthocincla, 372
squamata, Microura, 2938
squamatus, Garrulax, 372
squamiceps, Malurus, 334
squamiceps, Turdoides, 334
squamulatus, Crateropus, 344
squamulatus, Turdoides, 344
Stachyrhis, 301
Stachyridopsis, 302
Stachyris, 301
Stactocichla, 349
stageri, Pellorneum, 242
stanfordi, Alcippe, 411
stanfordi, Pomatorhinus, 278
Staphida, 421
Staphidea, 421
Staphidia, 421
steerii, Liocichla, 381
stejnegeri, Pratincola, 108
stejnegeri, Saxicola, 108
stellata, Brachypteryx, 14
stellata, Muscicapa, 32
stellata, Pogonocichla, 30
stellatus, Brachypteryx, 14
stellatus, Drymochares, 14
stenorhynchus, Pomatorhinus,
276
sterlingi, Turdus, 195
Sterrhoptilus, 302
stevensi, Alcippe, 404
stevensi, Napothera, 289
stevensi, Schoeniparus, 404
stevensi, Turdinulus, 289
stictigula, Alcippe, 412
stictigula, Modulatrix, 60
stictigula, Turdinus, 60

stictilaema, Crateropus, 340
stictilaemus, Turdoides, 340
sticturus, Ramphocaenus, 447
stierlingi, Alcippe, 412
stierlingi, Geocichla, 186
stierlingi, Turdinus, 412
stierlingi, Turdus, 186
Stiphrornis, 33

Stizorhina, 94

stoehri, Myrmecocichla, 117
stoneae, Pomatorhinus, 269
stonei, Myiophoneus, 1438
stonei, Saxicola, 110
stormsi, Turdus, 181
Strachyris, 301

strenuiceps, Ptyrticus, 261
strenuipes, Trichastoma, 261
strenuipes, Turdinus, 261
strenuus, Garrulax, 362
strepitans, Garrulax, 357
strepitans, Pomatorhinus, 279
strepitans, Pomatostomus, 279
strepitans, Turdus, 178
Streptocichla, 178
stresemanni, Malia, 428
stresemanni, Paradoxornis, 435
stresemanni, Turdus, 193
strialata, Timalia, 313
striata, Kenopia, 285

striata, Malacocircus, 338
striata, Napothera, 288
striata, Stachyris, 308
striata, Timalia, 285

striata, Yuhina, 421
striaticeps, Macronous, 324
striaticollis, Alecippe, 402
striaticollis, Siva, 402
striatigula, Neomixis, 301
striatus, Cossyphus, 338
striatus, Crateropus, 339
striatus, Garrulax, 356
striatus, Garrulus, 356
striatus, Ixulus, 421
striatus, Turdinus, 288
striatus, Turdoides, 337, 339
striatus, Zosterornis, 308
stricklandii, Copsychus, 72
stridulus, Pomatorhinus, 275
strigula, Minla, 395

strigula, Siva, 396

striolata, Stachyris, 311
strophiata, Prunella, 6

INDEX 497

strophiatus, Accentor, 7
stuartbakeri, Saxicoloides, 1338
stuarti, Garrulax, 353
styani, Pomatorhinus, 276
styani, Suthora, 434
styani, Trochalopteron, 363
suavis, Copsychus, 72
subalaris, Merula, 212
subalaris, Turdus, 212
subalpina, Prunella, 4
subalpinus, Accentor, 4
subbicolor, Turdus, 187
subcaerulatus, Garrulax, 366
subconnectens, Garrulax, 377
subfusus, Garrulax, 355
sublateralis, Psophodes, 230
subochraceum, Pellorneum, 243
subobscura, Merula, 201
subpallida, Hylocichla, 171
subpallidus, Catharus, 171
subpallidus, Turdus, 201
subrufa, Thimalia, 337
subrufescens, Cossypha, 55
subrufipennis, Thamnolaea, 120
subrufus, Erithacus, 39
subrufus, Eupetes, 238
subrufus, Icoturus, 39
subrufus, Turdoides, 337
subsquamatum, Trochalopteron,
372
subsuffusa, Garrulax, 355
subunicolor, Garrulax, 373
subunicolor, Trochalopteron, 373
sudanensis, Myrmecocichla, 116
suffusa, Suthora, 434
suffusus, Paradoxornis, 434
sukatschewi, Garrulax, 362
sukatschewi, Trochalopteron,
362
sulphurea, Stachyridopsis, 319
sulphureus, Macronous, 319
sumatrana, Notodela, 82
sumatranum, Cinclidium, 82
sumatranus, Enicurus, 86
sumatranus, Henicurus, 86
sumatrensis, Stachyris, 314
superbus, Erithacus, 37
superciliaris, Alcippe, 406
superciliaris, Cittocincla, 73
superciliaris, Copsychus, 73
superciliaris, Drymodes, 29
superciliaris, Ixulus, 406

498 INDEX

superciliaris, Polioptila, 451
superciliaris, Xiphirhynchus,
282
superciliosus, Pomatorhinus, 281
superciliosus, Pomatostomus,
281
sushkini, Prunella, 9
Suthora, 431
svecica, Motacilla, 42
svecicus, Erithacus, 42
swainsoni, Catharus, 172
swainsoni, Turdus, 172
swalesi, Haplocichla, 225
swalesi, Turdus, 225
swinhoei, Pomatorhinus, 269
swinhoei, Stachyris, 311
swinhoii, Alcippe, 399
swinhoii, Proparus, 399
swistun, Pseudaedon, 39
swynnertoni, Erythracus, 32
swynnertoni, Pogonocichla, 32
swynnertoni, Turdus, 181
Swynnertonia, 30
syenitica, Saxicola, 130
syenitica, Oenanthe, 130
sykesii, Malacocircus, 338
sylvestris, Turdus, 182
syriaca, Curruca, 22
syriaca, Erythropygia, 22
syriacus, Turdus, 190

taewanus, Garrulax, 369
tahanensis, Leiothrix, 382
tahanensis, Mesia, 382
tahanensis, Pteruthius, 388
taivanensis, Monticola, 140
taiwan, Erithacus, 49
talaseae, Turdus, 159
talaseae, Zoothera, 159
talifuensis, Accentor, 5
tamalakanei, Turdoides, 343
tamaulipensis, Merula, 220
tamaulipensis, Turdus, 220
tanami, Sphenostoma, 231
tanensis, Erithacus, 39
tanganjicae, Crateropus, 342
tanganjicae, Geocichla, 151
tanganjicae, Turdinus, 257
tanganjicae, Turdoides, 342
taprobanus, Turdoides, 339
tardinata, Malacocincla, 253
tardinatum, Trichastoma, 253

Tarsiger, 33

tataricus, Erithacus, 38
tauricus, Turdus, 207
tauridae, Luscinia, 40
taweishanicus, Garrulax, 368
tecta, Heterophasia, 418
tectes, Muscicapa, 111

tectes, Saxicola, 111
temminckii, Myiophoneus, 142
temminckii, Orthonyx, 228
tempesti, Turdus, 199
temporalis, Pomatorhinus, 279
temporalis, Pomatostomus, 279
tenebricola, Zoothera, 159
tenebriformis, Monticola, 135
tenebrosa, Cataponera, 161
tenebrosa, Zoothera, 160
tenebrosus, Crateropus, 340
tenebrosus, Turdoides, 340
tenella, Eroessa, 299

tenella, Neomixis, 299
tenella, Prunella, 10
tennenti, Cossypha, 53
tenuirostris, Chaimarrornis, 80
tenuis, Petrophila, 136
tephrinus, Turdus, 184
tephronotus, Turdus, 185
tephrops, Turdinus, 254
terrestris, Turdus, 160
terrestris, Zoothera, 160
terricolor, Malacocercus, 338
tertius, Turdus, 203
tessmanni, Cossypha, 52
tessmanni, Phoenicurus, 98
tessmanni, Turdus, 179
thalia, Siva, 394
Thamnolaea, 119

theresae, Argya, 332
theresae, Oenanthe, 131
theresae, Saxicola, 106
theresae, Turdus, 207
tholloni, Myrmecocichla, 116
tholloni, Saxicola, 116
thomassoni, Merula, 194
thomassoni, Turdus, 194
thompsoni, Paradoxornis, 439
thompsoni, Suthora, 439
thoracica, Pitta, 314
thoracica, Stachyris, 314
Thringorhina, 302
tianshanica, Cyanosylvia, 44
tibetana, Prunella, 5, 9

INDEX 499

tibetanus, Accentor, 5, 9
tibetanus, Garrulax, 374
tibetanus, Myiophoneus, 142
ticehursti, Macronous, 319
ticehursti, Mixornis, 319
ticehursti, Turdus, 189
tickelli, Orthorhinus, 266
tickelli, Pellornium, 249
tickelli, Pomatorhinus, 266
tickelli, Trichastoma, 248
Timalia, 326

Timaliinae, 240

timorensis, Pnoepyga, 295
tionis, Stachyris, 311

titania, Yuhina, 425
todmordeni, Samuela, 233
togianense, Trichastoma, 255
togianensis, Malacocincla, 255
togoensis, Crateropus, 341
togoensis, Turdoides, 341
tongensis, Erythropygia, 26
tongensis, Tychaedon, 26
tonkinensis, Alcippe, 403
tonkinensis, Garrulax, 354
tonkinensis, Heterophasia, 418
tonkinensis, Leioptila, 418
tonkinensis, Paradoxornis, 439
tonkinensis, Pnoepyga, 294
tonkinensis, Pomatorhinus, 266
tonkinensis, Stachyris, 312
tonkinensis, Suthora, 439
toratugumi, Turdus, 157
toratugumi, Zoothera, 157
torquata, Motacilla, 110
torquata, Saxicola, 106
torquatus, Gampsorhynchus, 390
torquatus, Microbates, 443
torquatus, Turdus, 188
torqueola, Siva, 422

torqueola, Yuhina, 422
touchena, Trochalopteron, 369
townsendi, Myadestes, 89
townsendi, Ptiliogony’s, 89
toxostomina, Stactocichla, 368
tractrac, Cercomela, 99
tractrac, Motacilla, 100
transcaspica, Aedon, 23
transcaspicus, Monticola, 139
transcaspius, Turdus, 208
transcaucasia, Philomela, 41
transfluvialis, Paradoxornis, 441

transfluvialis, Scaeorhynchus,
441
transvaalensis, Afrocichla, 181
transvaalensis, Pogonocichla, 31
transvaalensis, Tarsiger, 31
transvaalensis, Turdus, 181
travancoreensis, Pomatorhinus,
270
treacheri, Garrulax, 367
treacheri, Ianthocincla, 367
tregellasi, Pomatorhinus, 279
tregellasi, Pomatostomus, 279
Trichastoma, 247
Trichixos, 65
trichorrhos, Macronous, 325
trichorrhos, Timalia, 325
Trichostoma, 247
tricolor, Copsychus, 70
tricolor, Turdus, 70
trinitatis, Ramphocaenus, 446
tristis, Merula, 222
trivirgatus, Pomatorhinus, 279
trivirgatus, Pomatostomus, 279
Trochalopteron, 348
Trochalopterum, 349
troglodytoides, Pnoepyga, 297
troglodytoides, Spelaeornis, 296
tropicalis, Turdus, 184
tsaratananae, Saxicola, 111
tschebaiewi, Calliope, 45
tschebaiewi, Erithacus, 45
tschusii, Prunella, 4
tsinlingensis, Dryonastes, 350
tsumebensis, Aethocichla, 346
turcestanicus, Myiophoneus, 142
Turdinae, 13
Turdinulus, 286
Turdinus, 286
turdinus, Ptyrticus, 262
Turdoides, 331
turdoides, Cataponera, 161
Turdus, 177
turensis, Alcippe, 411
turipavae, Zoothera, 159
turkana, Cercomela, 103
turkestanicus, Monticola, 137
turkestanicus, Panurus, 430
turkestanicus, Phoenicurus 77
turuchanensis, Turdus, 203
Tychaedon, 19
tyrannula, Yuhina, 426
tyrannulus, Herpornis, 426

500

uamensis, Crateropus, 341
uamensis, Turdoides, 341
ubendeensis, Turdus, 180
ubonense, Pellorneum, 244
uellensis, alethe, 63

ufipae, Alethe, 64

ugandae, Trichastoma, 260
ugandae, Turdinus, 260
ukambensis, Erythropygia, 20
ultima, Cercomela, 102
ultrapilaris, Turdus, 203
uluguru, Lioptilus, 412
uluguru, Turdus, 183
umbratile, Aethostoma, 252
umbratile, Trichostoma, 252
umbratilis, Brachypteryx, 252
umbratilis, Rhinomyias, 252
umbrinus, Turdus, 220
umbrosa, Stachyris, 312
umbrosa, Thringorhina, 312
unicolor, Heteromorpha, 432
unicolor, Myadestes, 93
unicolor, Paradoxornis, 432
unicolor, Turdus, 187
upembae, Ptyrticus, 262
uralensis, Turdus, 207
Urocichla, 295

uropygialis, Eupetes, 237
uropygialis, Garrulax, 355
uropygialis, Ptilorrhoa, 237
usambarae, Alethe, 62
usambarae, Erithacus, 35
usambarae, Geocichla, 152
usambarae, Sheppardia, 35
usambarae, Thamnolaea, 120
usheri, Pomatorhinus, 276
ussuriensis, Tarsiger, 47
ustulatus, Catharus, 171
ustulatus, Turdus, 172

vaccinia, Hylocichla, 173
valens, Erithacus, 38
valentinae, Alcippe, 401
validirostris, Pteruthius, 386
vanderbilti, Malacocincla, 257
vanderbilti, Trichastoma, 257
vanikorensis, Turdus, 197
vanrossemi, Polioptila, 451
vansomereni, Erythropygia, 20
vanuensis, Merula, 198
varennei, Dryonastes, 358
varennei, Garrulax, 358

INDEX

variegata, Saxicola, 107
variegaticeps, Alcippe, 399
variegatum, Cinclosoma, 361
variegatus, Garrulax, 361
variegatus, Parus, 107
variegatus, Schoeniparus, 405
varius, Turdus, 144, 155
vassali, Dryonastes, 360
vassali, Garrulax, 360
vauriei, Oenanthe, 128
vegeta, Pnoepyga, 294
velatus, Enicurus, 86
venezuelensis, Merula, 176
venezuelensis, Myadestes, 93
venezuelensis, Platycichla, 176
venningi, Napothera, 289
venningi, Turdinulus, 289
vepres, Turdoides, 339
veraepacis, Myadestes, 93
vermiculata, Stachyris, 311
vernayi, Leiothrix, 381
vernayi, Mesia, 381
verrauxi, Turdus, 183
verreauxi, Paradoxornis, 438
verreauxi, Suthora, 438
verrillorum, Mimocichla, 209
versteegi, Turdus, 195
versuricola, Macronous, 320
versuricola, Mixornis, 320
vibex, Garrulax, 357
Vibrissosylvia, 33

vicinus, Drymocataphus, 247
victoriae, Babax, 347, 372
victoriae, Drymodes, 29
victoriae, Garrulax, 372
victoriae, Ianthocincla, 372
victoriae, Pellorneum, 243
victoriae, Siva, 396
victoriana, Orthonyx, 228
vinctura, Actinodura, 392
vinipectus, Alcippe, 400
vinipectus, Mesia, 401
vinipectus, Siva, 401
vinitincta, Merula, 198
vinitinctus, Turdus, 198
virago, Oenanthe, 125
virgatum, Trochalopteron, 372
virgatus, Garrulax, 372
viridis, Androphilus, 229
viridis, Androphobus, 229
viridis, Cochoa, 89

viridis, Eroessa, 300

viridis, Neomixis, 300
viscivorus, Turdus, 206
vitellinus, Tarsiger, 48
vitiensis, Merula, 199
vitiensis, Turdus, 198
vitryi, Garrulax, 379
vittata, Saxicola, 129
vivax, Yuhina, 424
vividum, Pellorneum, 244
vocale, Pellorneum, 242
vociferans, Turdus, 50
voeltzkowi, Saxicola, 111
volgae, Erithacus, 43
voousi, Malacocincla, 256
vulpina, Erythropygia, 20
vulpina, Stizorhina, 95

waddelli, Babax, 347
waddelli, Garrulax, 355
wagstaffei, Alcippe, 399
wahgiensis, Saxicola, 114
waldeni, Actinodura, 392
wardi, Actinodura, 393
wardlii, Turdus, 146

wardii, Zoothera, 146
webbiana, Suthora, 434
webbianus, Paradoxornis, 434
weigoldi, Luscinia, 42
weigoldi, Schoeniparus, 406
wellsi, Liocichla, 380

wellsi, Trochalopterum, 380
whistleri, Erithacus, 48
whistleri, Garrulax, 351
whistleri, Tarsiger, 48
whiteheadi, Erythrocichla, 252
whiteheadi, Merula, 193
whiteheadi, Oreocincla, 155
whiteheadi, Stachyris, 308
whiteheadi, Turdus, 193
whiteheadi, Zoothera, 155
whiteheadi, Zosterornis, 308
whitneyi, Turdus, 197
whymperi, Laiscopus, 4
whymperi, Prunella, 4
wickhami, Erithacus, 47
wickhami, Larvivora, 47
williami, Turdus, 181
williamsi, Geokichla, 151
williamsi, Zoothera, 151
williamsoni, Malacocincla, 255
williamsoni, Trichastoma, 255
wilsoni, Erythropygia, 26:

INDEX

wilsoni, Tychaedon, 26
wilsonii, Turdus, 172
wingatei, Minla, 395
wingatei, Siva, 395
witherbyi, Erithacus, 37
witmeri, Aethostoma, 252
woodi, Babax, 347

woodi, Garrulax, 377
woodi, Leonardia, 262
woodi, Leonardina, 262
woodi, Macronous, 323
woodi, Mixornis, 323
woodi, Trichalopterum, 377
woodi, Trochalopterum, 377
woosnami, Alethe, 62
wrayi, Brachypteryx, 16
wrayi, Heterophasia, 420
wrayli, Sibia, 420

wulsini, Turdus, 191

xanthochlorus, Pteruthius, 387
Xanthocincla, 348
xanthogaster, Erithacus, 35
Xanthogaster, Stiphrornis, 35
xanthoprymna, Oenanthe, 123
xanthoprymna, Saxicola, 123
xanthopus, Turdus, 198
xanthorhynchus, Turdus, 179
xanthoscelus, Platycichla, 176
xanthoscelus, Turdus, 176
xanthothorax, Erithacus, 38
Xenocopsychus, 50
xerophilus, Phoenicurus, 76
Xiphirhynchus, 282
Xiphorhamphus, 282
Xiphorhynchus, 282

yakushimensis, Merula, 200
yangpiensis, Yuhina, 424
yaoschanensis, Turdus, 189
yaoshanensis, Pteruthius, 389
yaoshanica, Siva, 395
yemensis, Argya, 334
yemensis, Turdoides, 334
yersini, Garrulax, 378
yersini, Trochalopteron, 378
Yuhina, 420
yunnanense, Trochalopterum,
369, 373, 374
yunnanensis, Actinodura, 391
yunnanensis, Alcippe, 403, 409
yunnanensis, Babax, 347, 374

501

502 INDEX

yunnanensis, Erithacus, 49 zantholeuca, Yuhina, 426
yunnanensis, Minla, 396 zaperissa, Mixornis, 322
yunnanensis, Paradoxornis, 436 zaperissus, Macronous, 822
yunnanensis, Pratincola, 108 zaphotina, Kittacincla, 72
yunnanensis, Proparus, 402 zappeyi, Paradoxornis, 436

yunnanensis, Pteruthius, 386
yunnanensis, Siva, 396
yunnanensis, Stachyris, 310
yunnanensis, Suthora, 436
yunnanensis, Tarsiger, 49
yunnanensis, Trochalopterum,

zappeyi, Suthora, 436
zaptera, Mixornis, 321
zarhabdota, Mixornis, 321
zarudnyi, Turdus, 203
Zeledonia, 18

369 ziaratensis, Ianthocincla, 371
Zoothera, 144
zacnecus, Copsychus, 66 zophera, Mixornis, 322
zambesiana, Erythropygia, 20 zopherus, Macronous, 322

zantholeuca, Erpornis, 426 Zosterornis, 302

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