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CHECK-LIST
OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
VOLUME I
LONDON : HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFOBD UNIVERSITY PRESS
CHECK-LIST
OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
VOLUME I
BY
JAMES LEE PETERS
ASSISTANT CURATOR OF BIRDS, MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
AT HARVARD COLLEGE
f3^U^ Qt^Cr-^^ M'^ '2.
CAMBRIDGE
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
1931
COPYRIGHT, 19S1
BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE
PRINTED AT THE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE, MASS., TJ. 8. A.
INTRODUCTION
It is now nearly thirty- two years since the first volume of
Sharpe's Handlist of the Genera and Species of Birds made
its appearance. The five volumes comprising that work have
long been the one and only standard catalogue available
to ornithologists, and it is a pity that Sharpe's work could
not have remained so, but the rapidity of the increase of orni-
thological knowledge has made it clear for a number of years
that a new work along the same, or perhaps shghtly more
elaborate, lines was needed.
The order of families and higher groups followed in this
work is essentially the same as that proposed by Wetmore
in the Proceedings XJ. S. National Museum, 76, Art. 24, 1930,
pp. 1-8. The arrangement of the subfamilies and the sequence
of genera and species have been compiled from many sources
and from personal examination of material. The much-
mooted question of generic limits is largely a matter of indi-
vidual preference. In the recognition of genera I have en-
deavored to adhere to the doctrine that 'Hhe genus should
be used for expressing relationships," and that minor struc-
tural differences should be considered as of specific value
only, or at the most merely of subgeneric worth.
The fact that a species or subspecies is included does not
necessarily mean that I am in a position to vouch for its
validity; nor when a name is relegated to synonymy does it
mean that the form is unrecognizable (unless, of course, the
name is a direct synonym) . In a work such as this which con-
tains a large amount of compilation, it is clearly impossible to
be critical throughout and it is absolutely necessary to refer
freely to the opinions of sound ornithologists. Where a con-
flict of opinion exists I have tried to follow my own best
judgment. In recognizing representative forms as subspecies,
even where physical intergradation does not occur, or where
VI INTRODUCTION
intergradation by individual variation is not complete, I
think my own views are entirely in harmony with those of
most progressive ornithologists.
In giving the ranges I have endeavored to outline con-
cisely the normal range of each bird, and whether or not it is
migratory; specific instances of casual or accidental occur-
rence are considered to be outside the scope of a list of this
character.
For each genus I have endeavored to give one or more
references to recently published revisionary work, geographic
lists, or to works where the principal synonymy of the genus
may be found. In large genera there may be several such
references, while in a small genus one or two suffice. In short,
these references may be regarded as the basis on which the
treatment of the genus and species rests.
It must be clearly understood by all users of this work
that it does not include a complete principal synonymy.
Synonyms, both generic, specific and subspecific, are given
only for genera, species and subspecies described since the
publication of the first volume of Sharpe's Handlist. In many
cases where the Handlist recognized as valid a form since rele-
gated to synonymy, that fact is stated in a footnote. Syno-
nyms not to be found in any of the volumes of the Catalogue of
Birds of the British Museum are cited in full. References also
in full are given for each genus and species recognized. In the
large majority of cases such references have been personally
verified.
Within each genus the species have been arranged in phylo-
genetic sequence as nearly as can be determined; subspecies
are arranged geographically from North to South and from
West to East.
Fossil birds are regarded as being outside the scope of this
Check-list, which deals with recent birds only. To maintain
the continuity of the classification as far as possible, the fossil
orders and famihes have been included in their properplace,
but printed in Gothic type. It has been necessary to draw a
INTRODUCTION Vll
line somewhere between fossil and recent birds, and for this
purpose any bird is considered as belonging among the fossils
if it is not known from at least a fragment of the skin and
feathers. Recent species now known to be extinct are indica-
ted by a dagger (f).
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature has been
followed except in the application of Article 28. Where two
names are of the same date, and it has been or can be proven
that one of them is actually the prior name, even if only a
matter of line anteriority on the same page, then I have
used the prior name, regardless of the action of some "first
reviser."
No names have been included that have been published
since December 31, 1930. The manuscript was sent to the
printer late in January, 1931, and it has seemed best to close
it to birds described after January first. One or two of my
friends have given me advance information of new birds in
manuscript, suggesting that the names be published as
nomina nuda in this list in advance of their descriptions.
This practice was very common seventy-five or a hundred
years ago and led to much confusion in later years. It should
not be attempted as late as 1931.
In the preparation of this volume I have received aid and
encouragement from numerous friends. First and foremost
it gives me great pleasure to acknowledge a debt of gratitude
to Outram Bangs, an outstanding figure in Ornithology for
over thirty years, whose kindly help and wise counsel have
helped me over many a difficult group.
Thomas Barbour, Director of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, has long encouraged me in the belief that this Check-
list could be printed under the auspices of the University.
Proofs have been read in whole or in part by Mr. H.
B. Conover, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, Dr. C. E. Hellmayr,
Dr. Ernst Mayr, Dr. Robert Cushman Murphy, Dr. C. W.
Richmond, Dr. Alexander Wetmore and Mr. J. T. Zimmer.
Miss Eleanor K. Sweet, Librarian at the Museum of Com-
VIU INTRODUCTION
parative Zoology, has also carefully read the proofs and de-
tected many inconsistencies in citation of titles of both books
and serials. To Dr. Roberto Dabbene was submitted the
manuscript covering the Rheas and the Argentine species of
Tinamiformes. Mr. W. B. Alexander read over the part of
the manuscript dealing with the Pelicaniformes and made
numerous valuable suggestions; Dr. Erwin Stresemann per-
formed the same service for the genus Accipiter; Mr. J. H.
Fleming, Dr. Einar Lonnberg, Mr. W. L. Sclater, and Dr. B.
Stegmann have helped me with specific inquiries. To Mr.
Thomas E. Penard of Arlington, Massachusetts, I am in-
debted for access to his private library containing several
rarities not otherwise available in the vicinity of Cambridge.
I am also indebted to the authorities of the American Mu-
seum of Natural History, Academy of Natural Sciences, and
the United States National Museum for the privilege of ex-
amining material in their respective institutions. I should be
most remiss in my acknowledgments if I did not express my
appreciation of the devotion of Mrs. R. E. Bowen, Secretary
to the Bird Department at the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, who painstakingly typed the entire manuscript and
performed much other tedious clerical work in connection
with the undertaking.
J. L. P.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
1 June, 1931
CONTENTS
SUBCLASS ARCHAEORNITHES 3
Order Archaeopterygiformes 3
Family Archaeopterygidae 3
SUBCLASS NEORNITHES 3
SUPERORDER OdONTOGNATHAE 3
Order Hesperornithiformes 3
Family Hesperornithidae 3
Baptornithidae 3
Enaliornithidae 3
Order Ichthyornithiformes 3
Family Ichthyornithidae 3
SuPERORDER PaLAEOGNATHAE 3
Order Struthioniformes 3
Family Struthionidae 3
Genus Struthio Linne 3
. Order Rheiformes 4
Family Rheidae 4
Genus Rhea Brisson 4
Pterocnemia G. R. Gray 5
Order Casuariiformes 5
Family Casuariidae 5
Genus Casuarius Linne 5
Family Dromiceiidae 9
Genus Dromiceius Vieillot 9
Family Dromornithidae 1
Order Dinornithiformes 1
Family Dinornithidae 1
Order Aepyornithiformes 1
Family Aepyornithidae 1
Order Apterygiformes 1
Family Apterygidae 1
Genus Apteryx Shaw 1
Order Tinamiformes 12
Family Tinamidae 12
Genus Tinamus Latham 12
Nothocercus Bonaparte 14
Crypturellus Brabourne and Chuhb 15
Rhynchotus Spix 23
Nothoprocta Sclater and Salvin 24
Nothura Wagler 26
CONTENTS
Taoniscus Gloger 28
Eudromia Geoffroy 28
Tinamotis Vigors 29
SUPERORDEB NeOGNATHAE 29
Order Sphenisciformes 29
Family Spheniscidae 29
Genus Aptenody tes J. F. Miller . 29
Pygoscelis Wagler 30
Eudyptes Vieillot 31
Megadyptes Milne-Edwards 32
Eudyptula Bonaparte 32
Spheniscus Brisson 33
Family Cladornithidae 34
Order Gaviiformes 34
Family Gaviidae 34
Genus Gavia J. R. Forster 34
Order Colymbiformes 35
Family Coljnubidae 35
Genus Poliocephalus Selby 35
Subgenus Tachybaptus Reichenbach 35
Poliocephalus Selby 37
Genus Colymbus Linne 38
Aechmophorus Coues 40
Centropelma Sclater and Salvin 40
Podilymbus Lesson 41
Order Procellariiformes 41
Family Diomedeidae 41
Genus Diomedea Linne 41
Phoebetria Reichenbach 45
Family Procellariidae 46
Subfamily Fulmarinae 46
Genus Macronectes Richmond 46
Daption Stephens 47
Fulmarus Stephens 47
Halobsena Bonaparte 47
Pachyptila Illiger 48
Subfamily Pufiininae 51
Genus Priocella Hombron and Jacquinot 51
Thalassoica Reichenbach 51
Adamastor Bonaparte 51
Procellaria Linne 52
Puffinus Brisson 53
Subgenus Ardenna Reichenbach 53
Thyellodroma Stejneger 55
Puffinus Brisson 56
CONTENTS XI
Genus Pterodroma Bonaparte 60
Pagodroma Bonaparte 67
Bulweria Bonaparte 67
Family Hydrobatidae 68
Genus Oceanites Keyserling and Blasius 68
Pelagodroma Reichenbach 69
Fregetta Bonaparte 69
Nesof regatta Mathews 71
Garrodia Forbes 71
Hydrobates Boie 72
Oceanodroma Reichenbach 72
Subgenus Cymochorea Coues 72
Oceanodroma Reichenbach 74
Genus Halocyptena Coues 75
Family Pelecanoididae 75
Genus Pelecanoides Lacepede 75
Order Pelecaniformes 77
Suborder Phaethontes 77
Family Phaethontidae 77
Genus Phaethon Linne 77
Suborder Pelecani 79
Superfamily Pelecanoidea 79
Family Pelecanidae 79
Genus Pelecanus Linne 79
Subgenus Pelecanus Linne 80
Cyrtopelicanus Reichenbach 80
Leptopelicanus Reichenbach 81
Family Cyphornithidae 82
Superfamily Suloidea 82
Family Pelagornithidae 82
Sulidae 82
Genus Morus Vieillot 82
Sula Brisson 83
Family Phalacrocoracidae 85
Genus Phalacrocorax Brisson 85
Halietor Heine 93
Nannopterum Sharpe 94
Family Anhingidae 94
Genus Anhinga Brisson 94
Suborder Fregatae 95
Family Fregatidae 95
Genus Fregata Lacepede 95
Suborder Odontoptertges 97
Family Odontopterygidae 97
XU CONTENTS
Order Ciconiiformes 97
Suborder Ardbae 97
Family Ardeidae 97
Subfamily Ardeinae 97
Genus Ardea Linne 97
Subgenus Ardea Linne 98
Pyrrherodia Finsch and Hartlaub . . . 101
Genus Notophoyx Sharpe 102
PUherodius Bonaparte 102
Butoxides Blyth 102
Erythocnus Sharpe 107
Florida Baird 107
Ardeola Boie 107
Bubulcus Bonaparte 108
Melanophoyx Sharpe 109
Dichromanassa Ridgway 109
Casmerodius Gloger 109
Egretta T. Forster 110
Subgenus Egretta T. Forster 110
Hemigarzetta Mathews Ill
Genus Demigretta Blyth Ill
Mesophoyx Sharpe 112
Leucophoyx Sharpe 113
Hydranassa Baird 113
Agamia Reichenbach 114
Syrigma Ridgway 114
Nycticorax T. Forster 114
Calherodius Bonaparte 116
Oroanassa Peters 116
Nyctanassa Stejneger 116
Gorsachius Bonaparte 117
Zonerodius Salvadori 118
Tigriornis Sharpe 118
Tigrisoma Swainson 118
Heterocnus Sharpe 119
Subfamily Botaurinae 120
Genus Zebrilus Bonaparte 120
Ixobrychus Billberg 120
Dupetor Heine and Reichenow 123
Botaurus Stephens 124
Family Cochleariidae 125
Genus Cochlearius Brisson 125
Suborder Bal^enicipites 125
Family Balsenicipitidae 125
Genus Balseniceps Gould 125
CONTENTS XUl
Suborder Ciconiae 126
Superfamily Scopoidea 126
Family Scopidae 126
Genus Scopus Brisson 126
Superfamily Ciconioidea 126
Family Ciconiidae 126
Subfamily Mycteriinae 126
Genus Mycteria Linne 126
Ibis Lacepede 126
Subfamily Ciconiinae 127
Genus Anastomus Bonnaterre 127
Sphenorhjoichus Lichtenstein 128
Dissoura Cabanis 128
Ciconia Brisson 129
Euxenura Ridgway 129
Xenorhynchus Bonaparte 129
Ephippiorhynchus Bonaparte 130
Jabiru Hellmayr 130
Leptoptilos Lesson 130
Superfamily Threskiornithoidea 131
Family Threskiornithidae 131
Subfamily Threskiornithinae 131
Genus Threskiornis G. R. Gray 131 •
Carphibis Reichenbach 132
Pseudibis Hodgson 132
Thaumatibis Elliot 132
Geronticus Wagler 133
Nipponia Reichenbach 133
Lampribis Elliot 133
Hagedashia Bonaparte 134
Bostrychia Reichenbach 135
Harpiprion Wagler 135
Theristicus Wagler 135
Cercibis Wagler 136
Mesembrinibis Peters 136
Phimosus Wagler 137
Guara Reichenbach 137
Plegadis Kaup 138
Lophotibis Reichenbach 138'
Subfamily Plataleinae 139
Genus Platalea Linn6 139
Platibis Bonaparte 140
Ajaia Reichenbach 140
Suborder Phoenicopteri 140
Family Phoenicopteridae 140
XIV CONTENTS
Genus Phoenicopterus Linne 140
Phoeniconaias G. R. Gray 141
Phoenicoparrus Bonaparte 141
Order Anseriformes 142
Suborder Anhimae 142
Family Anhimidae 142
Genus Anhima Brisson 142
Chauna Illiger 142
Suborder Anseres 143
Family Anatidae 143
Subfamily Cygninae 143
Genus Cygnus Bechstein 143
Chenopis Wagler 143
Subfamily Plectropterinae 144
Genus Anseranas Lesson 144
Plectropterus Stephens 144
Subfamily Cereopsinae 145
Genus Cereopsis Latham 145
Subfamily Anserinae 145
Genus Chen Bote 145
Anser Brisson 146
Eulabeia Reichenhach 148
Cygnopsis J. F. Brandt 148
Philacte Bannister 149
Branta Scopoli . 149
Nesochen Salvadori 151
Chloephaga Eyton 151
Cyanochen Bonaparte 152
Chenonetta Brandt 152
Subfamily Dendrocygninae 152
Genus Dendrocygna Swainson 152
Subfamily Anatinae 154
Genus Alopochen Stejneger 154
Neochen Oberholser 154
Sarkidiornis Eyton 155
Cairina Fleming 155
Asarcornis Salvadori 155
Coscoroba Reichenhach 155
Casarca Bonaparte 156
Stictonetta Reichenhach 156
Tadorna Fleming 157
Pseudotadorna Kuroda 157
Nesonetta G. R. Gray 158
Anas Linne 158
Mareca Stephens 167
Chaulelasmus Bonaparte 168
CONTENTS XV
Spatula Boie 169
Malacorhynchus Swainson 170
Rhodonessa Reichenbach 170
Aix Boie 170
Dendronessa Swainson 171
Cheniscus Eyton 171
Nettapus Brandt 172
Pteronetta Salvadori 172
Heteronetta Salvadori 172
Subfamily Nyrocinae 173
Genus Netta Kai(.p 173
Metopiana Bonaparte 173
Nyroca Fleming 173
Tachyeres Owen 176
Bucephala Baird 177
Clangula Leach 178
Histrionicus Lesson 178
Somateria Leach 179
Subgenus Eider Jarocki 179
Somateria Leach 180
Genus Arctonetta G. R. Gray 180
Oidemia Fleming 180
Melanitta Boie 181
Subgenus Melanitta Boie 181
Pelionetta Kaup 182
Genus Camptorhynchus Bonaparte 182
Polysticta Eyton 182
Hymenolaimus G. R. Gray 183
Salvadorina Rothschild and Hartert 183
Subfamily Oxyurinae 183
Genus Thalassornis Eyton 183
Nomonx Ridgway 183
Oxyura Bonaparte 184
Biziura Stephens 185
Subfamily Merginae 185
Genus Mergellus Selby 185
Lophodytes Reichenbach 185
Mergus Linne 186
Subfamily Merganettinae 188
Genus Merganetta Gould 188
Order Falconiformes 189
Suborder Cathartae 189
Family Cathartidae 189
Genus Vultur Linne 189
Sarcoramphus Dumeril 189
Coragyps Geoffroy 190
XVI CONTENTS
Cathartes Illiger 190
Gymnogyps Lesson 191
Family Teratomithidae 192
Suborder Falcones 192
Superfamily Sagittarioidea 192
Family Sagittariidae 192
Genus Sagittarius Hermann 192
Superfamily Falconoidea 192
Family Accipitridae 192
Subfamily Elaninae 192
Genus Elanus Savigny 192
Chelictinia Lesson 193
Machaerhamphus Westerman 194
Subfamily Perninae 194
Genus Elanoides Vieillot 194
Aviceda Swainson 195
Henicopernis G. R. Gray 198
Pernis Cuvier 198
Odontriorchis Kawp 199
Chondrohierax Lesson 200
Subfamily Milvinae 200
Genus Harpagus Vigors 200
Ictinia Vieillot 201
Rostrhamus Lesson 201
Helicolestes Bangs and Penard 202
Milvus Lacepede 202
Lophoictinia Kaup 204
Hamirostra Brown 204
Haliastur >Se% 204
Subfamily Accipitrinae 205
Genus Accipiter Brisson 205
Erythrotriorchis Sharpe 225
Melierax G. R. Gray 225
Heterospizias Sharpe 226
Urotriorchis Sharpe 227
Subfamily Buteoninae . 227
Genus Geranoaetus Kaup 227
Buteo Lacepede 228
Parabuteo Ridgway 240
Asturina Vieillot 240
Leucopternis Kaup 241
Kaupifalco Bonaparte ; . . 243
Butastur Hodgson 243
Hypomorphnus Cabanis 244
Buteogallus Lesson 244
Busarellus Lafresnaye 245
CONTENTS XVll
Harpyhaliaetus Lafresnaye 245
Unibitomis /. Verreaux 246
Morphnus Dumont 246
Harpia Vieillot 246
Pithecophaga Ogilvie-Grant 247
Harpyopsis Salvadori 247
Oroaetus Ridgway 247
Spizastur G. R. Gray 247
Spizaetus Vieillot 248
Lophaetus Kaup 250
Cassinaetus W. L. Sclater 250
Stephanoaetus W. L. Sclater 251
Polemaetus Heine 251
Hieraaetus Kaup 251
Aquila Brisson 253
Uroaetus Kaup 256
Ictinaetus Blyth 256
Haliseetus Savigny 257
Ichthyophaga Lesson 259
Subfamily Aegypiinae 259
Genus Sarcogyps Lesson 259
Torgos Kaup 260
Aegypius Savigny 260
Trigonoceps Lesson 260
Gyps Savigny 261
Pseudogyps Sharpe 262
Necrosyrtes Gloger 262
Neophron Savigny 263
Gypohierax Ruppell 263
Gypaetus Storr 263
Subfamily Circinae 264
Genus Circus Lacepede 264
Geranospiza Kaup 268
Gymnogenys Lesson 268
Subfamily Circaetinae 269
Genus Terathopius Lesson 269
Circaetus Vieillot 269
Spilornis G. R. Gray 270
Dryotriorchis Shelley 274
Eutriorchis Sharpe 274
Subfamily Pandioninae 275
Genus Pandion Savigny 275
Family Falconidae 276
Subfamily Herpetotherinae 276
Genus Herpetotheres Vieillot 276
Micrastur G. R. Gray 276
XVIU CONTENTS
Subfamily Polyborinae 278
Genus Daptrius Vieillot 278
Milvago Spix 279
Phalcoboenus d'Orbigny 279
Polyborus Vieillot 280
Subfamily Polihieracinae 281
Genus Spizapteryx Kaup 281
Gampsonyx Vigors 281
Polihierax Kaup 282
Microhierax Sharpe 282
Neohierax Swann 283
Subfamily Falconinae 284
Genus Falco Linne 284
Subgenus Hierofalco Cuvier 284
Notofalco Mathews 287
Nesierax Oberholser 287
Rhjoichodon Nitzsch 287
Falco Linne 291
Rhynchofalco Ridgway 294
Tinnunculus Vieillot 294
Dissodectes P. L. Sclater 297
Cerchneis Boie 298
Genus leracidea Gould 305
New name proposed in Volume I
Falco sparverius eidos nom. nov 305
Index - 307
CHECK-LIST
OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Class AVES
Subclass ^rcfjaeornitfiesJ
Order larcfjaeopterpgiformesi
Family J^rcfjaeopterpQibae
Subclass NEORNITHES
SuPERORDER (X^boHtognatfiae
Order |^es^perornitf)iforme£f
Family l^esfperomittibae
Family ^iaptomitfji^ae
Family ^naliomitfjibae
Order 3cf)ttl|>ornitf)ifonne£f
Family Scfjtfjpomitfjitrae
SuPERORDER PALAEOGNATHAE
Order STRUTHIONIFORMES
Family STRUTHIONIDAE
Genus STRUTHIO Linne
Struthio Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 155. Type, by subsequent
designation, Struthio camelus Linne. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840,
p. 63.)
cf. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 5-13.
Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 39, 1919, p. 81-83.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 1-2.
Struthio camelus camelus Linne
Struthio Camelus Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 155. (S5Tia,
Arabia, Lybia, Africa. Restricted type locality, North Africa, Roths-
child, supra p. 83; further restricted to Sennar, Stresemann, Orn.
Monatsb., 34, 1926, p. 139.)
North Africa, south of the Atlas Mountains to the Egyptian Sudan and
the Danikil Coast.
Struthio camelus spatzi Stresemann
Struthio camelus spatzi Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 34, 1926, p. 138.
(Rio de Oro.)
Rio de Oro, western Africa.
4 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Struthio camelus syriacus Rothschild
Struthio camelus syriacus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Om. CL, 39, 1919, p. 83.
(Syrian Desert.)
Syrian and Arabian Deserts.
Struthio camelus molybdophanes Reichenow
Struthio molybdophanes Reichenow, Mitt. Om. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 202.
(Somaliland.)
Somaliland and Gallaland, south to the Tana River.
Struthio camelus massaicus Neumann
Struthio massaicus Neumann, Journ. f . Orn., 46, 1898, p. 243. (Ukamba,
Kenya Colony.)
Eastern parts of Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory.
Struthio camelus australis Gurney
Struthio australis Gurney, Ibis, 1868, p. 253. (South Africa.)
South Africa, south of the Cunene and Zambesi Rivers.
Order RHEIFORMES
Family RHEIDAE
Genus RHEA Brisson
Rhea Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 46; 5, 1760, p. 8. Type, by monotypy,
Struthio americanus Linn^.
cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 81-84.
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 23-27.
Rhea americana americana (Linn6)
Struthio americanus Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 155. (South
America = Sergipe and Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, ex Marcgrave.)
Northern and eastern Brazil.
Rhea americana intermedia Rothschild and Chubb
Rhea americana intermedia Rothschild and Chubb, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914,
p. 223. (Barra San Juan, Colonia, Uruguay.)
Southern Brazil and Uruguay.
Rhea americana albescens Lynch Arribalzaga and Holmberg
Rhea albescens Lynch Arribalzaga and Holmberg, El Naturalista Ar-
gentina, 1, 1878, p. 101. (Carhue, Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
Rhea roihschildi Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8),
8, 1911, p. 273. (Los Yngleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
ORDER CASUARIIFORMES 5
Argentina from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean and south to the Rio
Negro.
Genus PTEROCNEMIA G. R. Gray
Pterocnemia G. R. Gray, Hand List Bds. Brit. Mus., 3, 1871, p. 2. Type,
by monotypy, Rhea darwinii Gould = Rhea pennata d'Orbigny.
cf. Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 33, 1913, p. 79-81.
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 27.
Pterocnemia pennata garleppi Chubb
Pterocnemia tarapacensis garleppi Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 33, 1913,
p. 79. (Esperanza, 4000 met., Bolivia.)
Highlands of extreme southeastern Peru, Bolivia and northwestern
Argentina.
Pterocnemia pennata tarapacensis Chubb
Pterocnemia tarapacensis Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 33, 1913, p. 79.
(Canchosa, Tarapacd., Chile.)
Northern Chile (Tarapacd).
-Pterocnemia pennata pennata (d'Orbigny)
Rhea pennata d'Orbigny, Voy. Am. Merid., 2, 1834, Itin. p. 67, note.
(Patagonia.)
Argentina from the Rio Negro to the Straits of Magellan.
Order CASUARIIFORMES
Family CASUARIIDAE
Genus CASUARIUS Brisson^
Casuarius Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 46; 5, p. 10. Type, by tautonymy,
Casuarius Brisson = Struthio casuarius Linn6.
cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 34-37.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 2-7.
Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 29, 1912, p. 49-52.
Rothschild, Trans Linn. Soc. London, 15, 1900, p. 109-148, pl. 22-41.
Casuarius casuarius casuarius (Linn^)
Struthio Casuarius Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 155. (Asia,
Sumatra, Molucca, Banda; correct type locality, Ceram. Cf. Roths-
child, supra, p. 115.)
Ceram.
^ For the final arrangement of the members of this genus I am indebted
to Dr. Ernst Mayr.
6 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Casuarius casuarius altijugus P. L. Sclater
Casuarius altijugus P. L. Sclater, Nature, 17, 1878, p. 375. (Wandam-
men, Dutch New Guinea.)
Casuarius casuarius bistriatus van Oort, Notes Leyden Mus., 29, 1907,
p. 205, pi. 8. (North coast of Dutch New Guinea.)
Geelvink Bay district, Dutch New Guinea.
Casuarius casuarius lateralis Rothschild
Casuarius casuarius lateralis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 46, 1925,
p. 30. (North coast of northeast New Guinea.)
Northern coast of New Guinea. (Gaza River region.)
-Casuarius casuarius sclaterii Salvadori
Casuarius sclaterii Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, 1878, p. 422.
(Coast opposite Cornwallis Island, southeast New Guinea.)
Coast of southern New Guinea from Princess Marianne Straits to Milne
Bay.
Casuarius casuarius beccarii P. L. Sclater
Casuarius beccarii P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875, p. 87,
fs. 1, 2. (Wokan Island, Aru Islands.)
Wokan Island, Aru Islands.
Casuarius casuarius violicoUis Rothschild
Casuarius casuarius violicoUis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 8, 1899,
p. 27. (Trangan Island? Aru Islands.)
Trangan Island, Aru Islands.
Casuarius casuarius johnsonii F. Mueller
Casuarius johnsonii F. Mueller, Australian, Dec. 15, 1866. (Gourie
Creek, Queensland.)
Casuarius casuarius hamiltoni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915, p. 124.
(Cairns, North Queensland.)
North Queensland.
Casuarius bicarunculatus tricarunculatus Beccari
Casuarius tricarunculatus Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1876,
p. 717. (Warbusi, northwest New Guinea.)
Casuarius salvadorii Oustalet, Bull. Assoc. Sci. de France, 1879, no. 539,
p. 350. (Warbusi,)
Geelvink Bay district, Dutch New Guinea.
ORDER CASUARIIFORMES 7
Casuarius bicaninculatus intensus Rothschild
Casuarius casuarius intensus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 8, 1898,
p. 21. (Unknown.)
Southwestern New Guinea.
Casuarius bicarunculatus bicarunculatus P. L. Sclater
Casuarius bicarunculatus P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860,
p. 211. (No locality given.)
Wammer and Kobroor Islands, in the Aru Islands.
Casuarius bicarunculatus intermedius Rothschild
Casuarius bicarunculatus intermedius Rothschild, BuU. Brit. Orn. CI.,
49, 1928, p. 10. (No type locality.)
"Probably the two larger islands between Kobroor and Trangan, Aru
Islands."
Casuarius bicarunculatus chimaera Rothschild
Casuarius casuarius chimaera Rothschild, BuU. Brit. Orn. CL, 14, 1904,
p. 39. (Unknown.)
Range unknown.
Casuarius bennetti papuanus Schlegel
Casuarius papuamis Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., 4, 1871, p. 54,
(Andai, Berau Peninsula.)
Casuarius edwardsi Oustalet, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878, p. 389,
pi. 21. (Dorey.)
Casuarius rogersi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 48, 1928, p. 87. (No
type locality.)
Geelvink Bay region. New Guinea.
Casuarius bennetti goodfellowi Rothschild
Casuarius papuanus goodfellowi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 35,
1914, p. 7. (Jobi Island.)
Jobi Island.
Casuarius bennetti claudii Ogilvie-Grant
Casuarius claudii Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 29, 1911, p. 25.
(Iwaka River; 4000-5000 feet.)
Snow Mountains, New Guinea.
Casuarius bennetti hecki Rothschild
Casuarius picticollis hecki Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 8, 1899, p. 49.
(German New Guinea.)
8 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Casuariusfoesteri Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 33, 1913, p. 66. (Two
days inland from northwest end of Huon Gulf; 1000 met.)
Casuarius keysseri Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 29, 1912, p. 50.
(Rawlinson Mountains, German New Guinea.)
Saru waged Region of northeastern New Guinea.
Casuarius bennetti picticoUis P. L. Sclater
Casuarius pidicolUs P. L. Sclater, Rep. Brit. Assoc, 1874, p. 138. (Dis-
covery Bay, southeastern New Guinea.)
Lowlands of southeastern New Guinea.
Casuarius bennetti loriae Rothschild
Casuarius loriae Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 513. (British New
Guinea, type from Aroa River.)
Aroa River Region of southeastern New Guinea.
Casuarius bennetti bennetti Gould
Casuarius Bennetti Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857, p. 269, Aves,
pi. 129. (New Britain.)
Casuarius bennetti maculatus Rothschild, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15,
1900, p. 148. (Habitat unknown.)
New Britain.
Casuarius bennetti roseigularis Rothschild
Casuarius roseigularis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 15, 1905, p. 32.
("Habitat unknown.")
Range unknown.
Casuarius unappendiculatus philipi Rothschild
Casuarius philipi Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 418. ("Probably
eastern German New Guinea.")
Range unknown.
Casuarius unappendiculatus mitratus Rothschild
Casuarius unappendiculatus mitratus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 14,
1904, p. 38. (Habitat unknown.)
Casuarius uniappendiculatus multicolor Le Souef , Emu, 29, 1930, p. 242,
pl. 39. (Based on a captive bird believed to have been taken in the
Bainings District, 30 miles west of Rabaul, New Britain.) ^
New Britain(?).
Casuarius unappendiculatus doggetti Rothschild
Casuarius doggetti Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 14, 1904, p. 39. (No
locality.)
Range unknown.
» Kinghorn, Emu, 30, 1930, p. 48-50.
ORDER CASUARIIFORMES 9
Casuarius unappendiculatus unappendiculatus Blyth
Casuarius unappendiculatus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 29, 1860,
p. 112. (No locality.)
Island of Salawatti (and Misol?).
Casuarius unappendiculatus occipitalis Salvadori
Casuarius occipitalis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 718,
note. (Jobi.)
Island of Jobi.
Casuarius unappendiculatus rothschildi Matschie
Casuarius rothschildi Matschie, Journ. f. Orn., 49, 1901, p. 268.
(No type locality = Berau Peninsula. Ex f. of C. unappendic-
ulatus Rothschild, not Blyth, in Trans. Linn. Soc. London.)
Berau Peninsula, western New Guinea.
Casuarius unappendiculatus aurantiacus Rothschild
Casuarius unappendiculatus aurantiacus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. 01.,
8, 1899, p. 50. (German New Guinea.)
Northeastern New Guinea.
Casuarius unappendiculatus rufotinctus Rothschild
Casuarius unappendiculatus rufotinctus Rothschild, Trans. Zool. Soc.
London, 15, 1900, p. 137. (Unknown.)
Casuarius unappendiculatus suffusus Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 14,
1904, p. 39. (Unknown.)
Northern coast of New Guinea from Humboldt Bay westward.
Casuarius hagenbecki Rothschild
Casuarius hagenbecki Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 14, 1904, p. 40.
(No locahty.)
Range unknown.
Casuarius jamrachi Rothschild
Casuarius jamrachi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 14, 1904, p. 40.
(No locality.)
Range unknown.
Family DROMICEIIDAE
Genus DROMICEIUS Vieillot
Dromiceius Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 54. Type, by monotypy, Casuarius
novaehollandice Latham.
Peronista Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 107. Type, by original
designation, Dromaius peroni Rothschild = Casuarius diemenianus
Jennings.
10 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
c/. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 42.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1912, p. 1-26.
Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 175-176.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 1-2.
Dromiceius n. hoUandiae woodwardi Mathews
Dromiceius novaehollandiae woodwardi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912,
p. 175. (Strelly River, Northwest Australia.)
Northwest and midwest Australia, Northern Territory, northern
Queensland(?).
Dromiceius n. hollandiae n. hoUandiae (Latham)
Casuarius N. Hollandice Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 665. (New Hol-
land = Sydney, New South Wales.)
Central and southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and
southern Australia.
Dromiceius n. hollandiae rothschildi Mathews
Dromiceius novaehollandiae rothschildi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912,
p. 175. (Gracefield, Southwest Austraha.)
Southwestern Australia,
t Dromiceius n. hollandiae diemenensis (Le Souef)
Dromaeus diemenensis Le Souef, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 21, 1907, p. 13.
(Tasmania.)
Dromiceius novcehollandice gunni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 4, 1922,
p. 175. (New name for diemenensis.)
Tasmania (formerly, now extinct) .
t Dromiceius diemenianus ^ (Jennings)
Casuarius diemenianus Jennings, Ornithologia, 1828, p. 382. (Kangaroo
Island.)
Dromaius peroni Rothschild, Extinct Bds., 1907, p. 235, pi. 40. (Kan-
garoo Island.)
Dromaius parvulus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, p. 19, pi. 3. (Kan-
garoo Island.)
Kangaroo Island, Australia (formerly, now extinct).
1 Dromaeus minor Spencer, Vict, Nat,, 23, 1906, p. 140, (King Island,
Bass Strait,) Based on bones only.
Dromaeus bassi Legge, Emu, 6, 1907, p. 119. (King Island.) Based on bones
only.
Dromiceius spenceri Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 176, note. (New
name for the Emu figured as Dromaeus minor in Bds. Austr., 1, 1910, pi. 4.
Cited as a synonym of D. diemenianus in Syst, Av, Australas,, 1927!!)
ORDER APTERYGIFORMES 11
Family Bromornitf)i1iae
Order JBinomitijifomtejf
Family Bmomitfjibae
Order ^(Spj>ornitJ)iformes{
Family ^€pj>omitf)ibae
Order APTERYGIFORMES
Family APTERYGIDAE
Genus APTERYX Shaw
Apteryx Shaw, Nat. Miscell., 24, 1813, pi. 1057, 1058. Type, by mono-
typy, Apteryx australis Shaw.
Stidapteryx Iredale and Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 46, 1926, p. 76.
Type, by original designation, Apteryx owenii Gould.
cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927, p. 31-32.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 7-8.
Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 204-206.
Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 55-62.
Apteryx australis mantelli Bartlett
Apteryx Mantelli Bartlett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1850 (1851), p. 275.
(North Island.)
New Zealand: North Island.
Apteryx australis australis Shaw
Apteryx australis Shaw, Nat. Miscell., 24, 1813, pi. 1057. (New Zealand.
Type from Dusky Sound, South Island.)
New Zealand: South Island.
Apteryx australis lawryi Rothschild ^
Apteryx lawryi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 1, 1893, p. 61. (Stewart
Island.)
New Zealand: Stewart Island.
Apteryx owenii Gould
Apteryx Owenii Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847, p. 93. (New Zea-
land.)
New Zealand: South Island (formerly on North Island?).
> This is a recognizable race, fide J. H. Fleming in litt.
12 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Apteryx haastii Potts
Apteryz Haastii Potts, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 4, 1872, p. 204.
(Okarita, South Island.)
New Zealand, West coast ranges of South Island.
Order TINAMIFORMES
Family TINAMIDAE
Genus TINAMUS Latham
Tinamus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 633. Type, by subsequent desig-
nation, Tinamus brasiliensis Latham = Tetrao major Gmelin (Gray,
List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 63).
cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 12, 1913,
p. 577-589.
Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 1-2.
Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 187-189.
Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, no. 8, 1929, p. 150-152.
Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 8.
Tinamus tao tao Temminck
Tinamus tao Tenuninck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 569, 749. (State of
Pard.)
Northern and central Brazil east to the Rio Tapaj6z.
Tinamus tao septentrionalis Brabourne and Chubb
Tinamus tao septentrionalis Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., (8), 12, 1913, p. 578. (Plains of Cumand, Venezuela.)
Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana.
Tinamus tao kleei (Tschudi)
Crypturus kleei Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, Bd. 1, 1843, p. 387. (Rio
Chanchamayo and Chunchotambo.)
Eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador? (exact limits not known).
Tinamus tao weddelli Bonaparte
Tinamus weddelli Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856,
p. 881, 954. (La Paz, BoUvia.)
Northern Bolivia. (Perhaps not different from kleei.)
Tinamus solitarius (Vieillot)
Cryptura solitaria Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 34, 1819, p. 105.
(Paraguay.)
Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; Misiones.
ORDER TINAMIFORMES 13
Tinamus major robustus Sclater and Salvin
Tinamus robustus Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., 1868, p. 87, pi. 44.
(Choctum, Guatemala.)
Southeastern Mexico south in the Caribbean lowlands to Honduras and
in the highlands to northern Nicaragua.
Tinamus major fuscipennis Salvadori
Tinamus fuscipennis Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 500.
(Escondido River and San Rafael,^ Nicaragua.)
Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua southward through eastern Central
America to the Canal Zone.
•Tinamus major castaneiceps Salvadori
Tinamus castaneiceps Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 507,
pi. 6. (Volcan de Chiriqui.)
Southwestern Costa Rica and Pacific slope of Panama to Darien.
Tinamus major saturatus Griscom
Tinamus major saturatus Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, no. 8,
1929, p. 150. (Cana, 2200 feet, eastern Panama.)
Extreme eastern Panama and northern Colombia.
-Tinamus major latifrons Salvadori
Tinamus latifrons Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 506.
(Balzar Mountains, Ecuador.)
Tinamus robustus inexpectatus Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist., (8), 12, 1913, p. 578. (Salidero, northern Ecuador.)
Western Colombia (Barbacoas) to western Ecuador (Balzar) ."
Tinamus major zuliensis Osgood and Conover
Tinamus zuliensis Osgood and Conover, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ.
Zool. Ser., 12, 1922, p. 24. (Rio CogoUo, District of Perija, Venezuela.)
Semiarid districts of eastern Colombia and western Venezuela.
-Tinamus major major (Gmelin)
Tetrao major Gmehn, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 767. (Cayenne and
Guiana.)
Trachypelmus subcristatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reise Brit. Guiana,
3, 1848, p. 749.
The Guianas and northern Brazil.
' Since San Rafael is within the range of robustus I hereby restrict the type
locality oi fiiscipennis to the Rio Escondido.
' Cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 65, 1927, p. 145.
14 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Tinamus serratus nificeps Sclater and Salvin
Tinamus ruficeps Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873,
p. 162. (Western Ecuador, Panama, Chiriqui; type from Rio Napo,
Ecuador, ^de Salvin, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 507.)
Northern (?) Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru.
Tinamus serratus peruvianus Bonaparte
Tinamus peruvianus Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856,
p. 573, note. (No type locaUty given = Peru.)
Province of Huanuco, eastern Peru.^
Tinamus serratus serratus (Spix)
Pezus serratus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 61, pi. 76. (Rio Negro,
Brazil.)
Tinamus major Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 502, (Not
Tetrao major Gmelin.)
Southern Venezuela (Upper Caura Valley), western Brazil (valleys of
the Rio Negro, Madeira and Guapor^ Rivers).
Tinamus guttatus Pelzeln
Tinamus guttatus Pelzeln, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, 1863, p. 1126.
(Brazil. Borba, fixed as type locality by Hellmayr, Nov. ZooL, 14,
1907, p. 409.)
Eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru to the mouth of the Amazon* and
south to northeastern Bolivia.
Genus NOTHOCERCUS Bonaparte
Nothocercus Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 881.
Type, by subsequent designation, Tinamus Julius Bonaparte (Salva-
dori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 509.)
cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 2.
Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 18, 1921, p. 1-3.
Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 9.
Nothocercus nigrocapillus (G. R. Gray)
Tinamus nigrocapillus (sic) G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus,, Gallinae,
1867, p. 98. (Chile, error, = Central Bolivia.)
Mountains of central Bolivia.
Nothocercus fuscipennis Chapman
Nothocercus fuscipennis Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 18, 1921, p, 1.
(Andes west of Popayan, 10,340 feet, Colombia.)
Western Andes of Colombia.
1 Cf. Hellmayr, Abb. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 22, 1906, p. 719.
2 Cf. Hellmayr, Abh, K, Bay, Akad, Wiss., 26, Abth. 2, 1912, p. 82.
ORDER TINAMIFORMES 15
Nothocercus julius julius (Bonaparte)
Tinamus julius Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, 1854,
p. 663, note. (Colombia.)
Nothocercus julius salvadorii Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 33, 1914, p. 95.
(Ecuador.)
Humid temperate zone of the Central and Eastern Andes of Colombia;
northern Ecuador (Mts. Pichincha and Ambato).
Nothocercus julius venezuelensis Cory
Nothocercus julius venezuelensis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn.
Ser., 1, 1913, p. 283. (Paramo de Tama, western Venezuela.)
Known only by one specimen from the type locality.
Nothocercus bonapartei frantzii (Lawrence)
Tinamus frantzii Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, 1869, p. 140.
(Cervantes, Costa Rica.)
Highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama.
Nothocercus bonapartei bonapartei (G. R. Gray)
Tinamus Bonapartei G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Galhnae, 1867,
p. 97. (Valley of Aragua, Venezuela.)
Subtropical zone in mountains of eastern Colombia and western Vene-
zuela.
Nothocercus bonapartei intercedens Salvador!
Nothocercus intercedens Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 513.
(Frontino, Colombia.)
Mountains of western Colombia.^
Nothocercus bonapartei plumbeiceps Lonnberg and Rendahl
Nothocercus plumbeiceps Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, no. 25,
1922, p. 13. (Baeza, road to Napo, 5500 feet, Ecuador.)
Subtropical zone in mountains of eastern Ecuador.
Genus CRYPTURELLUS Beabourne and Chubb
Crypturellus Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14,
1914, p. 322. Type, by original designation, "C. tataupa Temm."
( = Tinamus tataupa Temminck.)
Microcrypturus Chubb, BuU. Brit. Orn. CI., 38, 1917, p. 30. New name
for Crypturellus on grounds of preoccupation by Crypturella Silvestri.
Crypturornis Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, 1922, p. 74. New
name for Crypturus auct. not lUiger. Type, by original designation,
Tetrao cinereus Gmelin.
1 Cf. Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911, p. 1208.
16 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914,
p. 319-322. (Key to forms.)
Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 3.
Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 191-193.
Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 147-150.
Helhnayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 475-478.
Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, 1922, p. 73-76. (Nomencl. and
list of forms.)
Peters, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI., 10, 1929, p. 113-114.
Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 9. (Crypturus.)
Crypturellus cinereus (Gmelin)
Tetrao cinereus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 768. (Cayenne.)
The Guianas to eastern Peru, Rio Punis (Cachoeira), Rio Madeira
(Humaythd) to the mouth of the Amazon.
Crypturellus berlepschi berlepschi (Rothschild)
Crypturus berlepschi RothschUd, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 7, 1897, p. 5.
(Cachabe, 500 feet, northern Ecuador.)
Pacific slope from northwestern Colombia to northwestern Ecuador.
Crypturellus berlepschi fumosus (Chapman)
Crypturus macconnelli fumosus Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 332,
1928, p. 1. (Junction of Rios Napo and Curaray.)
Amazonian Ecuador (Rios Napo, Curaray and Suno) and Amazonian
Peru (Rio Orosa).
Crypturellus berlepschi macconnelli (Brabourne and Chubb)
Crypturus macconnelli Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(8), 14, 1914, p. 320. (Bonasica, British Guiana.)
British and Dutch Guiana.
Cr3rpturellus castaneus (P. L. Sclater)
Tinamus castaneus P. L. Sclater, Proc, Zool. Soc. London, 1857, p. 277.
(Colombia, based on a "Bogota Skin.")
Eastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador.
Crypturellus obsoletus cerviniventris (Sclater and Salvin)
Crypturus cerviniventris Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1873, p. 512. (Venezuela.)
Venezuela: La Valencia and La Azulita (known only from two speci-
mens).^
1 Cf. Osgood and Conover, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser., 12, 1922,
p. 25.
ORDER TINAMIFORMES 17
Crypturellus obsoletus chirimotanus (Stolzmann)
Cryphirus obsoletus chirimotanus Stolzmann, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon.
Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p. 198. (Chirimoto, Huayabamba Valley, north-
eastern Peru.)
Northeastern Peru: Huayabamba Valley.
Crypturellus obsoletus ochraceiventris (Stolzmann)
Crypturus obsoletus ochraceiventris Stolzmann, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon.
Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p. 199. (La Gloria, Chanchamayo Valley, central
Peru.)
Central Peru: Chanchamayo and Vitoc Valleys.
Crypturellus obsoletus punensis (Chubb)
Crypturus obsoletus punensis Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 38, 1917, p. 30.
(Oroya, Puno, Peru.)
Southern Peru and western Bolivia.
— Cr3rpturellus obsoletus griseiventris (Salvadori)
Crypturus griseiventris Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 514
(in key), p. 521. (Santarem, Brazil.)
State of Pard: Santarem.
Crypturellus obsoletus obsoletus (Temminck)
Tinamus obsoletus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 588, 751. (Brazil
and Paraguay.)
Brazil from States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes south to Rio
Grande do Sul; Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Misiones).
^Crypturellus soui meserythrus (P. L. Sclater)
Tinamus meserythrus P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 392.
(Play a Vicente, Oaxaca, Mexico.)
Southern Mexico to Honduras.
Crypturellus soui modestus (Cabanis)
Crypturus modestus Cabanis, Journ. f. Cm., 17, 1869, p. 212. (Costa
Rica.)
Nicaragua, Costa Rica and western Panama.
■ Crypturellus soui panamensis (Carriker)
Crypturus soui panamensis Carriker, Ann. Carn. Mus., 6, 1910, p. 379.
(Loma del Leon, Canal Zone.)
Panama: Canal Zone to Darien; Pearl Islands.
18 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Crypturellus soui caucse (Chapman)
Crypturus soui caucoe Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, 1912,
p. 141. (San Antonio, 6600 feet, Colombia.)
Western Colombia: Cauca and Magdalena Valleys.
Crypturellus soui harterti (Brabourne and Chubb)
Crypturus soui harterti Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(8), 14, 1914, p. 32L (Vaqueria, northern Ecuador.)
Northwestern Colombia to western Ecuador.
Crypturellus soui caquetae (Chapman)
Crypturus soui caquetoe Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915,
p. 635. (Florencia, 675 feet, Colombia.)
Southeastern Colombia, south and east of the Guaviare River.
Crypturellus soui nigriceps (Chapman)
Crypturus soui nigriceps Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 96, 1923, p. 1.
(tFpper Rio Suno, eastern Ecuador.)
Eastern Ecuador.
Crypturellus soui mustelinus (Bangs)
Crypturus soui mustelinus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905,
p. 151. (Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia.)
Santa Marta region of northeastern Colombia.
Crjrpturellus soui soui (Hermann)
Tinamus soui Hermann, Table Affinit. Anim., 1783, p. 165. (Cayenne.)
From the eastern base of the Andes (north of the Guaviare River), east
through Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil at least to the mouth
of the Amazon.
Crypturellus soui andrei (Brabourne and Chubb)
Crypturus soui andrei Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 321. (Trinidad.)
Trinidad.
Crypturellus soui hoffmannsi (Brabourne and Chubb)
Crypturus soui hoffmannsi Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 321. (Humaythd, Rio Madeira, Brazil.)
Middle Rio Madeira (left bank).
Crypturellus soui albigularis (Brabourne and Chubb)
Crypturus soui albigularis Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 320. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.)
Eastern Brazil from Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro.
ORDER TINAMIFORMES 19
— - Cr3rpturellus undulatus adspersus (Temminck)
Tinamus adspersus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 585, 751.
(State of Para, Brazil.)
British Guiana (Rupununi River ^) and northern Brazil from the valley
of the Rio Branco and lower Rio Madeira to the Rio Tapajoz.
— ~ Crypturellus undulatus yapura (Spix)
Pezus yapura Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 62, pi. 78. (Yapura and
Solimoes.)
Eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador and adjacent parts of Brazil (Rio So-
limoes).
Crypturellus undulatus confusus (Brabourne and Chubb)
Crypturus undulatus confusus Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 321. (Humaytha, Rio Madeira, Brazil.)
Brazil, from the left bank of Rio Madeira to the Rio Punis.
Crypturellus undulatus vermiculatus (Temminck)
Tinamus vermiculatus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 62, 1825, pi. 369.
(Brazil.)
Eastern BrazU from Maranhao and Piauhy to western Minas Geraes
and northern Sao Paulo.
Crypturellus undulatus undulatus (Temminck)
Tinamus undulatus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 582, 751. (Para-
guay.)
Nothocercus scolopax Bonaparte, Tabl. Parall. Ord. GalUnaces (extr.)
1856, p. 12, 18, no. 335. (Santa Cruz, Bolivia.)
Tinamus radiatus Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867, p. 100.
(Bolivia.)
Eastern BoHvia, Matto Grosso and Paraguay.
— Crypturellus boucardi boucardi (P. L. Sclater)
Tinamus boucardi P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 391.
(Oaxaca, type from Teotalcingo.)
Southern Mexico, south in the highlands to northern Nicaragua.
— Cr3rpturellus boucardi costaricensis (Dwight and Griscom)
Crypturus boucardi costaricensis Dwight and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit.,
no. 142, 1924, p. 1. (Miravalles, 1500 feet, Costa Rica.)
Caribbean lowlands of Honduras and Nicaragua; northern Costa Rica
(both slopes).
^ Crypturus simplex Salvador! appears to be a sjraonym.
20 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Crypturellus kerriae (Chapman)
Crypturus kerrice Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 636.
(Baudo, Choco, Colombia.)
Known only from the type.
Crypturellus atrocapillus (Tschudi)
Crypturus atro-capillus Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Bd. 1, 1844, p. 307.
(Peru, no definite locality.)
Range not definitely known.
Crypturellus garleppi garleppi (Berlepsch)
Crypturus garleppi Berlepsch, Journ. f. Orn., 40, 1892, p. 454. (Santa
Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.)
Bolivia in Department of Santa Cruz.
Crypturellus garleppi aflBnis (Chubb)
Crypturus garleppi a finis Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 8. (Rio Blanco, Bolivia.)
Bolivia in Department of Cochabamba (probably the same as g. gar-
leppi).
Crypturellus rubripes (Taczanowski)
Crypturus rubripes Taczanowski, Orn. P^rou, 3, 1886, p. 303. (Lechugal,
Peru.)
Status and range not definitely known.
Crypturellus variegatus variegatus (Gmelin)
Tetrao variegatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 768. (Guiana.)
Tinamus bimaculatus, G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867,
p. 101. (South America.) ^
Southeastern Colombia (La Morelia); southern Venezuela (Caura,
River); the Guianas; Rio Negro; right bank of the Rio Madeira (Calama,
Borba) ; east to the Rio Capim and Bahia?
Crypturellus variegatus salvini (Salvadori)
Crypturus salvini Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 517 (in
key), p. 537. (Sarayacu, Ecuador.)
Eastern Ecuador.
Crypturellus brevirostris (Pelzeln)
Tinamus brevirostris Pelzeln, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, 1863,
p. 1128. (Brazil.)
Cayenne and Western Brazil: Rio Negro, Rio Solimoes.
1 Braboume and Chubb, supra, p. 320, have set up this name without, how-
ever, assigning a range to the bird.
ORDER TINAMIFORMES 21
Crypturellus bartletti bartletti (Sclater and Salvin)
Crypturus bartletti Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873.
p. 311. (Santa Cruz, eastern Peru.)
Crypturus bartletti caroli Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 320 (in key), p. 321. (Rio Madeira, Brazil.) = 9
Eastern Peru from the Rio Ucayali east to the left bank of the Rio
Madeira.
— Crypturellus cinnamomeus occidentalis (Salvadori)
Crypturus occidentalis Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 516
(in key), p. 546. (San Bias, Nayarit, Mexico.)
State of Nayarit, Mexico.
Crypturellus cinnamomeus mexicanus (Salvadori)
Crypturus mexicanus Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 516
(in key), p. 545. (Monte Verde [Tamaulipas] Mexico.)
Southern parts of the State of Tamaulipas.
— - Crypturellus cinnamomeus inomatus (Nelson)
Cryptxirus inomatus Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 253. (Metlaltoyuca,
Puebla, Mexico.)
Tropical forests of northern Vera Cruz and adjacent parts of Puebla.
— -Crypturellus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus (Lesson)
Tinamus (nothura) cinnamomeus Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 210. (La
Union, Central America, = San Salvador.)
Southern Vera Cruz and Oaxaca south on the Pacific slope to Nicaragua.
Crypturellus cinnamomeus goldmani (Nelson)
Crypturus sallcei goldmani Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, 1901,
p. 169. (Chichen Itza, Yucatan.)
Yucatan Peninsula.
— Crypturellus cinnamomeus praepes (Bangs and Peters)
Crypturornis cinnamomeus praepes Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 67, no. 15, 1927, p. 472. (Bolson, Costa Rica.)
Northwestern Costa Rica.
Crypturellus ciimamomeus idoneus (Todd)
Crypturus idoneus Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, 1919, p. 117.
(Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia.)
Santa Marta region of Colombia, east to the Rio CogoUo in western
Venezuela.
22 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Crypturellus cinnamomeus spencei (Brabourne and Chubb)
Crypturus cinnamomeus spencei Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist., (8), 14, 1914, p. 320 (in key), p. 322. (Venezuela.)
Crypturus cinnamomeus spencei Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 38, 1917,
p. 29. (Caracas, Venezuela. Described as a new subspecies ! !)
Northern Venezuela.
Crypturellus columbianus (Salvadori)
Crypturus columbianus Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 517
(in key), p. 545. (Neche, Antioquia, Colombia.)
Northern Colombia.
-Ciypturellus transfasciatus (Sclater and Salvin)
Crypturus transfasciatus Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zo5l. Soc. London,
1878, p. 141, pi. 13. (Santa Rosa, Ecuador.)
Arid western Ecuador and Peru from Chone to Paletillas.
Crypturellus noctivagus dissimilis (Salvadori)
Crypturus dissimilis Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 516
(in key), p. 541. (Quonga, British Guiana.)
Eastern Venezuela and British Guiana south to northern Brazil (Obidos) .
- Crypturellus noctivagus noctivagus (Wied)
Tinamus noctivagus Wied, Reise Bras., 1, 1820, p. 160, note. (Eastern
Brazil, type from Muribecca, Espirito Santo.)
Eastern Brazil from Piauhy to Rio Grande do Sul.
Crypturellus erythropus (Pelzeln)
Tinamus erythropus Pelzeln, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, 1863,
p. 1127. (BrazU.)
Northern Brazil from the Rio Negro and the Rio Branco south to the
Amazon and east to Obidos.
Crypturellus strigulosus strigulosus (Temminck)
Tinamus strigulosus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 594, 752. (State
of Pard, Brazil.)
Brazil from the Rio Madeira and the Amazon south to the Guaporl and
Ciudad do Matto Grosso, east to the Rio Ourem.
Crypturellus strigulosus hellmayri (Brabourne and Chubb)
Crypturus hellmayri Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(8), 14, 1914, p. 320 (in key), p. 322. (Humaythd, Rio Madeira,
BrazU.)
Unique, perhaps not separable from strigulosus. (Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool.,
34, 1937, p. 33.)
ORDER TINAMIFORMES 23
Crjrpturellus casiquiare (Chapman)
Crypturornis casiquiare Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 380, 1929, p. 3.
(Right bank of Rio Casiquiare at its junction with Rio Guainia,
Venezuela.)
Known only from the type locality.
Crypturellus parvirostris (Wagler)
Crypturus parvirostris Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Crypturus, no. 13.
(Brazil.)
Brazil south of the Amazon from the Madeira to Pernambuco and south
to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay and Sao Paulo.
Crjrpturellus tataupa inops Bangs and Noble
Crypturellus tataupa inops Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 445.
(Perico, northwestern Peru.)
Northwestern Peru.
Crypturellus tataupa peruviana (Cory)
Crypturus tataupa peruviana Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Orn. Ser.,
1, 1915, p. 293. (San Ramon, 2900 feet, west-central Peru.)
Peru, in Department of Junin.
Crypturellus tataupa tataupa (Temminck)
Tinamus tataupa Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 590, 752. (Brazil
and Paraguay.)
Brazil from Piauhy, Ceard, and Pernambuco to Matto Grosso; eastern
BoUvia; Paraguay; northern Argentina from Tucumdn to Misiones.
Genus RHYNCHOTUS Spix
Rhynchotus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 60, pi. 76c. Type, by monotypy,
Rhynchotus fasciatus Spix = Tinamus rufescens Temminck.
cf. Helhnayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 479-
480.
Laubmann, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsche Gran Chaco-Exped., 1930, p. 77-
80.
Wetmore, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 1921, p. 434-435.
Rhynchotus rufescens catingae Reiser
Rhynchotus riifescens catingae Reiser, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-
Naturw. Kl., 42, 1905, p. 324. (Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy, Brazil,
type from Palmeirinhas.)
Brazil from the Rio Madeira to the States of Piauhy and MaranhSo.
24 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Rhynchotus rufescens rufescens (Temminck)
Tinamus rufescens Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 552, 747. (Para-
guay, rare in Brazil. Sao Paulo suggested as type locality by Hell-
mayr, supra, p. 479, note.)
Rhynchotus rufescens alleni Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 38, 1917, p. 30.
(Chapada, Matto Grosso.)
Eastern Bolivia, Matto Grosso, Minas Geraes east to Bahia and south to
Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (Misiones) and Uruguay.
Rhynchotus rufescens pallescens Kothe
Rhynchotus pallescens Kothe, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907, p. 164. (Torn-
quist, Buenos Aires, Argentina.)
Rhynchotus arcanus ^ Wetmore, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 1921, p. 434.
(Parand,, Province of Entre Rios, Argentina.)
Argentina from the Fomosan Chaco and Entre Rios south to Cordoba
and southern Buenos Aires.
Rhynchotus rufescens maculicoUis G. R. Gray
Rhynchotus maculicoUis G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867,
p. 102. (Bolivia.)
Western and southern Bolivia to western Argentina (Tucumdn).
Genus NOTHOPROCTA Sclater and Salvin
Nothoprocta Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 153,
156. Type, by original designation, Crypturus perdicarius KittUtz.
of. Berlepsch, Proc. Fifth Int. Zool. Congr., 1902, p. 548-549.
Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 5-6.
Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 11.
Nothoprocta taczanowskii Sclater and Salvin
Nothoprocta taczanowskii Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1874, pi. 84. (Maraynioc, central Peru.)
Central and southern Peru.
Nothoprocta kalinowskii Berlepsch and Stolzmann
Nothoprocta kalinowskii Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 11, 1901, p. 192.
(Licamachay, 15,000 ft.)
Central Peru.
1 Laubmann sinks arcanus as a synonym of pallescens, but Dabbene (in
litt.) believes that it may be provisionally placed as a subspecies, intermediate
between rufescens and pallescens.
ORDER TINAMIFORMES 25
Nothoprocta ornata omata (G. R. Gray)
Rhynchotus ornatus G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867,
p. 102. (Bolivia.)
Southeastern Peru and Bolivia.
Nothoprocta omata rostrata Berlepsch
Nothoprocta ornata rostrata Berlepsch, Ornis, 14, 1907, p. 371. (Cumbre
de Malamala, 3300 met., Tucumdn.)
Western Argentina in Provinces of Jujuy and Tucuman.
Nothoprocta cinerascens (Burmeister)
Nothura cinerascens Burmeister, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 259. (Tucu-
man.)
Western Argentina in Pro'V'inces of Salta, Tucuman, Santiago del
Estero, La Rioja, Cordoba and Mendoza.
Nothoprocta branickii Taczanowski
Nothoprocta hranickii Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874,
p. 563. (Junin, Peru.)
Central Peru.
— Nothoprocta curvirostris Sclater and Salvin
Nothoprocta curvirostris Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop.,
1873, p. 163. (Calacali and Puellaro, Ecuador.)
Paramo of Ecuador and northern Peru.
Nothoprocta oustaleti Berlepsch and Stolzmarm
Nothoprocta oustaleti Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 11, 1901, p. 191.
(Cora Cora, 11,500 ft., Province of Ayacucho, Peru.)
Western Peru. ^ £, ^^
Nothoprocta fulvescens Berlepsch
Nothoprocta fulvescens Berlepsch, Proc. Fifth Int. Zool. Congr., 1902,
p. 548. (Urcos, 3500 met., Cuzco, Peru.)
Southeastern Peru.
A^
Nothoprocta pentlandii ambigua Cory
Nothoprocta ambigua Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Orn. Ser., 1,
1915, p. 293. (Hacienda Llagueda, northeast of Otusco, Peru.)
Nothoprocta pentlandii simonsi Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn CI., 38, 1917,
p. 30. (San Pablo, Cajamarca, 1500 met., central-north Peru.)
Southern Ecuador to northern Peru. (Temperate Zone.)
26 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Nothoprocta pentlandii pentlandii (G. R. Gray)
Rhynchotus Pentlandii G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867,
p. 103. (Andes of Bolivia.)
Highlands of Bolivia south to northwestern Argentina. (Temperate
Zone.)
Nothoprocta perdicaria perdicaria (Kittlitz)
Crypturus perdicarius Kittlitz, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb.
(sav. 6tT.), 1, 1830, p. "192" [ = 193], pi. 12. (Valparaiso, ChUe.) Cf.
Chrostowski, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 1, 1921, p. 18.
Nothoprocta coquimhica Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 551
(in key), p. 554, pi. 15. (Coquimbo, Chile.) Cf. Conover, Auk, 41,
192J^, p. 334.
Northern and central Chile; Easter Island (introduced).
Nothoprocta perdicaria sanborni Conover
Nothoprocta perdicaria sanborni Conover, Auk, 41, 1924, p. 334. (Mafil,
Valdivia, Chile.)
Southern Chile from Curico south to Puerto Montt.
Genus NOTHURA Wagler
Nothura Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Nothura. Type, by subsequent desig-
nation, Tinamus horaquira Spix (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 63.)
cf. Helhnayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 22, 1906, p. 705-708.
Laubmann, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Gran Chaco-Exped., 1930,
p. 72-76.
Sharpe, HandUst, 1, 1899, p. 11.
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 33-39.
Nothura maculosa peruviana Berlepsch and Stolzmann
Nothura maculosa peruviana Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, 1906,
p. 101. (Santa Ana, central Peru.)
Central Peru.
Nothura maculosa agassizii Bangs
Nothura agassizii Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, 1910, p. 107. (Moho,
Lake Titicaca, Peru.)
Highlands of southeastern Peru and western Bolivia.
Nothura maculosa boliviana Salvadori
Nothura boliviana Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 558 (in
key), p. 561. (Bolivia.)
Southern Bolivia; Argentine and Paraguayan Chaco (west of the Para-
guay and Parand Rivers) .
ORDER TINAMIFORMES 27
— Nothmra maculosa maculosa (Temminck)
Tinamus maculosus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 557, 748.
(Paraguay.)
Paraguay; southern Brazil in States of Sao Paulo and Parand; north-
eastern Argentina (Misiones),
Nothura maculosa savannarum Wetmore
Nothura maculosa savannarum Wetmore, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11,
1921, p. 435. (San Vicente, Department of Rocha, Uruguay.)
Brazil in State of Rio Grande do Sul; eastern Uruguay.
^ Nothura maculosa nigroguttata Salvadori
^Nothura nigroguttata Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 558 (in
key), p. 650. (Central Pampas, Argentina. Type from Choele Choel
Rio Negro Territory.)
Argentina from Cordoba, Santa F^ and at least southern Corrientes
south to the Rio Negro; western Uruguay.
Nothura boraquira (Spix)
Tinamus boraquira Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 63, pi. 79. ("In campis
petrosis districtus adamantini.")
Northeastern Brazil from Ceard. and Piauhy south to Bahia; also Depart-
ment of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.^
Nothura darwinii darwinii G. R. Gray
Nothura Darwinii G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., Gallinae, 1867,
p. 104. (Bahia Blanca, Argentina.)
Eastern Argentina from southern Buenos Aires province to Chubut.
Nothura darwinii salvadori! Hartert
Nothura salvadorii Hartert, Nov. Zool., 16, 1909, p. 266. (Arenal, Salta,
Argentina.)
Nothura darwini mendozensis Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 38, 1917, p. 31.
(Mendoza, Argentina.)
Western Argentina, limits not known, but probably south to the Rio
Negro and east to Cordoba.
Nothura minor (Spix)
Tinamus minor Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 65, pi. 82. (Tejuco [ = Dia-
mantina, Minas Geraes] Brazil.)
Southern Brazil from central Minas Geraes to southern Sao Paulo.
» Cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 478.
28 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus TAONISCUS Gloger
Taoniscus Gloger, Hand- u. Hilfsb. Naturg., 1842, (1841), p. 404.
Type, by monotypy, Tinamus pavoninus Gloger = Tinamus nanus
Temminck.
cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 7.
Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 11.
Taoniscus nanus (Temminck)
Tinamus nanus Temminck, Pig. et Gall., 3, 1815, p. 600, 753. (Para-
guay.)
Paraguay; Brazil in States of Minas Geraes, Sao Paulo and Parand.
Genus EUDROMIA ^ Geoffroy
Eudromia Geoffroy, Mag. Zool., 1832, cl. 2, text to pi. 1. Type, by
monotypy, Eudromia elegans d'Orbigny and Geoffroy.
cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 7.
Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 12.
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 28-33.
Eudromia elegans intermedius (Dabbene and Lillo)
Calopezus intermedius Dabbene and Lillo, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires,
24, 1913, p. 192, pi. 12. (Colalao del Valle, Tucumdn.)
Andean valleys of western Tucumdn and La Rioja, Argentina.
Eudromia elegans formosa (Lillo)
Calopezus formosus Lillo, Rev. de Litr. y Sci. Santiago, 1905, p. 39.
(Type from between Las Cejas and Isca lacu, Tucumdn.)
Plains of eastern Tucumdn and northwestern Santiago del Estero,
Argentina.
Eudromia elegans albida (Wetmore)
Calopezus elegans albidus Wetmore, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 1921,
p. 437. (San Juan, Argentina.)
Plains of San Juan, Argentina.
Eudromia elegans morenoi (Chubb)
Calopezus elegans morenoi Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 38, 1917, p. 31.
(Neuquen "West Patagonia.")
Argentina from northern Mendoza eastward to San Luis and central
Pampa, south probably to the upper Rio Negro and the Limay.
1 Under the International Code, Eudromia is not preoccupied by Eudromias
Boie 1832 and must take precedence over Calodromas Sclater and Salvin (not
preoccupied by Calodromus Guerin 1832) and Calopezus Ridgway 1884.
ORDER SPHENISCIFORMES 29
Eudromia elegans elegans d'Orbigny and Geoffroy
Eudromia elegans d'Orbigny and Geoffroy, Mag. Zool., 1832, cl. 2, pi. 1
and text (mouth of the Rio Negro). Cf. Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool, 65, no. 9, 1923, p. 2S7.
Southern Argentina from southwestern Buenos Aires province westward
to range of morenoi, southward to Santa Cruz.
Genus TINAMOTIS Vigoks
Tinamotis Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836, p. 79. Type, by mono-
typy, Tinamotis pentlandi Vigors.
cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 8.
Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 12.
Tinamotis pentlandi Vigors
Tinamotis Pentlandi Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836, p. 79.
C'Andes.")
Mountains of central Peru south to highlands of western Argentina,
above 12,000 ft. (Jujuy, Los Andes, Tucumdn and San Juan.)
- Tinamotis ingoufi Oustalet
Tinamotis Ingoufi Oustalet, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., (7), 9, 1890, p. 18.
(Vicinity of Santa Cruz.)
Southern Argentina in Territory of Santa Cruz. Casual in western Rio
Negro.
SuPERORDER NEOGNATHAE
Order SPHENISCIFORMES
Family SPHENISCIDAE
Genus APTENODYTES J. F. Miller
Aptenodytes J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1778, pi. 23. Type, by mono-
typy, Aptenodytes patagonica Miller.
cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 7.
Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 63-66.
- Aptenodytes patagonica patagonica J. F. Miller
Aptenodytes patagonica J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1778, pi. 23. (No
locality = South Georgia, ^e Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 274.)
Breeds on Staten Island and South Georgia, wandering to Tierra del
Fuego and the Falkland Islands.
so CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Aptenodytes patagonica halli Mathews
Aptenodytes patagonica halli Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 272.
(Macquarie Island.)
Breeds on Macquarie, Kerguelen, Crozet and Marion Islands, wandering
north to Tasmania and New Zealand.
Aptenodytes forsteri G. R. Gray
Aptenodytes forsteri G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844,
p. 315. (Antarctica, lat. 64° 77' S.)
Breeds on the shores of Antarctica; wanders north to the South Orkneys.
Genus PYGOSCELIS Wagler
Pygoscelis Wagler, Isis, 1832, p. 281. Type, by monotypy, Aptenodytes
papua Forster.
c/. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 226-228.
Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 5, 8.
Mathews, Bds. Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, etc., 1928, p. 76-87.
Pygoscelis papua papua (Forster)
Aptenodytes papua Forster, Comment. Getting., 3, 1781, p. 140, pi. 3.
(Falkland Islands.)
Breeds on the Falkland Islands, South Orkneys, South Georgia, South
Shetlands and small Antarctic islands.
Pygoscelis papua taeniata (Peale)
Aptenodytes tceniata Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 264. (Macquarie
Island.)
Breeds on Macquarie, Heard, Kerguelen and Marion Islands.
Pygoscelis adeliae (Hombron and Jacquinot)
Catarrhactes adeliae Hombron and Jacquinot, Ann. Sci. Nat. ZooL, (2),
16, 1841, p. 3^0. (Adelie Land.)
Breeds on shores of Antarctica, South Orkneys and South Shetlands.
Pygoscelis antarctica (Forster)
Aptenodytes antarctica Forster, Comment. Getting., 3, 1781, p. 141, pi. 4.
(South Shetlands.)
Breeds on the South Orkneys, South Shetlands and islands off the
Antarctic continent. In winter north to the Falkland Islands and South
Georgia.
ORDER SPHENISCIFORMES 31
Genus EUDYPTES Vieillot
Eudyptes Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 67, 70. Type, by subsequent desig-
nation, Catarrhades chrysocome auct. = Aptenodytes crestata J. F.
Miller.
cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 221-225.
Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 6, 8.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 10-11.
Eud3rptes pachjnrhynchus G. R. Gray
Evdyptes pachyrhynchus G. R. Gray, Voy., 'Erebus' and 'Terror,'
Birds, 1845, p. 17. (Waikowaiti, South Island, New Zealand.)
Breeds on the coasts of New Zealand, and at Stewart and Snares Islands.
In winter to southern Australia, Tasmania and Chatham Islands.
Eudyptes sclateri Buller
Eudyptes sclateri Buller, Bds. New Zealand, ed. 2, 2, 1888, p. 289. (Auck-
land Islands.)
Breeds on Auckland Islands.
Eudyptes crestatus crestatus (J. F. Miller)
Aptenodytes crestata J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1784, pi. 49. (Falkland
Islands.) ^
Eudyptes cristata mosleyi Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1,
1921, p. 11, in text. (Inaccessible Island.)
Breeds on Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island and the Falkland Islands.
In winter on the Argentine coast north to Buenos Aires.
Eudyptes crestatus filholi Hutton
Eudyptes filholi Hutton, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3, 1878,
p. 334. (Campbell Island.)
Eudyptes cristata inter jectus Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1,
1921, p. 11. (Kerguelen Island.)
Breeds on Campbell Island, Antipodes Island, St. Paul Island, Kergue-
len, Crozet, Prince Edward and Marion Islands.
Eudyptes schlegeli Finsch
Eudyptes schlegeli Finsch, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 8, 1876, p. 204.
(Macquarie Island.)
Breeds on Macquarie Island, ranges north to New Zealand and Tas-
mania.
' For change of specific name from chrysocome to crestata see Mathews and
Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec, 4, 1921, p. 145-147.
32 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Eudyptes chrysolophus (Brandt)
Catarhades chrysolophus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb.,
2, 1837, p. 315. (Falkland Islands.)
Breeds on South Georgia, South Orkneys, South Shetlands, Prince
Edward Island, Marion Island, Heard Island and Kerguelen.
Genus MEGADYPTES Milne-Edwabds
Megadyptes Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., (6), 9, 1880, art. 9,
p. 56. Type, by monotypy, Catarrhactes antipodes Hombron and
Jacquinot.
cf. Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 67-69.
Megadyptes antipodes (Hombron and Jacquinot)
Catarrhactes antipodes Hombron and Jacquinot, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool.,
(2), 16, 1841, p. 320. (Auckland Islands.)
Breeds on the Otago Peninsula of South Island, Stewart, Auckland and
Campbell Islands.
Genus EUDYPTULA Bonaparte
Eudyptula Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 775.
Type, by monotypy, Aptenodytes minor Forster.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1912, p. 280-286.
Eudyptula minor novgehoUandiae (Stephens)
Spheniscus novoehollandice Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 1,
1826, p. 68. (Port Jackson, New South Wales.)
Eudyptula minor woodwardi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 199.
(Sandy Hook Island off West Australia.) cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool, 35,
1929, p. 43.
Coast of Australia from southwestern Australia to southern Queens-
land; Tasmania.
Eudyptula minor minoi (J. R. Forster)
Aptenodytes minor J. R. Forster, Comment. Getting., 3, 1781, p. 147.
(Dusky Sound, South Island, New Zealand.)
Breeds on New Zealand, Stewart Island and Chatham Islands.
Eudyptula minor iredalei Mathews
Eudyptula minor iredalei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 286, pi. 67.
(Chatham Island; error, is not from Chatham Islands.) cf. Hartert,
Nov. Zool, 34, 1928, p. 922-2S0.
Validity extremely doubtful, range not known.
ORDER SPHENISCIFORMES 33
Eudyptula albosignata Finsch
Eudyptula albosignata Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874, p. 207.
(Akaroa, South Island, New Zealand.)
Breeds on Banks Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand.
Genus SPHENISCUS Bkisson
Spheniscus Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 52; 6, p. 96. Type, by monotypy,
'^Manchot" et "Manchot tachete" = Diomedea demersa Linne.
cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 228-231.
Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 7-9.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 14-15.
Spheniscus demersus (Linne)
Diomedea demersa Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 138. (Cape of
Good Hope.)
Breeds on islands off the west coast of South Africa; occurs north to
Angola and Natal.
Spheniscus humboldti Meyen
Spheniscus Humboldti Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 16,
suppl., 1834, p. 110, pi. 21. (Peru.)
West coast of South America from Lobos de Tierra Island, Peru, to
Tierra del Fuego. Breeds on islands off the coast southward to central
Chile.
Spheniscus magellanicus (J. R. Forster)
Aptenodytes magellanims J. R. Forster, Comment. Gotting., 3, 1781,
p. 143, pi. 5. (Straits of Magellan.)
Breeds on Tierra del Fuego, Staten Island and Falkland Islands; coast of
Chile to Mocha Island. Occurs on both coasts of South America north to
Talcahuano, Chile on the west and to Sao Paulo on the east,
Spheniscus mendiculus Sundevall
Sphe7iiscus mendiculus Sundevall, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 126,
129. (Galapagos Islands.)
Galapagos Archipelago.
Note : I am unable to allocate properly the two following, doubtless
synonyms of the Chilean members of Spheniscus:
Spheniscus modestus Phihppi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 171.
(Chile.)
Spheniscus flavipes, Ibid., op. cit., p. 172 (Chile).
34 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Family Clabomitfjltiae
Order GAVIIFORMES
Family GAVIIDAE
Genus GAVIA J. R. Forster
Gavia J. R. Forster, Enchirid. Hist. Nat., 1788, p. 38. Type, by subse-
quent designation, Colymbus imher Gunnerus = Colymbus immer
Brunnich (Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 24, 1908, p. 35.)
c/. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1456-1463.
Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 115-116. (Colymbus.)
Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan)
Colymbus Stellatus Pontoppidan, Danske Atl., 1, 1763, p. 621. (Den-
mark.)
Practically circumpolar. Breeds from Arctic coasts and islands of
Europe, Asia and North America south to Sweden, northern Russia,
Kamchatka, Aleutian Islands, coast of British Columbia, Manitoba, New
Brunswick and Newfoundland; Greenland; Iceland. Winters chiefly
coastwise and on large lakes, to the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian
Seas, South China, northern Lower California and Florida.
Gavia arctica arctica (Linne)
Colymbus arcticus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 135. (Europe and
North America, restricted type locality, Sweden, ex first citation from
Fn. Svec.)
Breeds in northern Europe from Scotland to northern Russia south to
northeastern Germany and in Russia to about lat. 55°.
Gavia arctica suschkini (Sarudny)
Urinator arcticus suschkini Sarudny, Orn. Mitt., 3, 1912, p. 111. (Rus-
sian Turkestan.)
Kirghiz Steppe and west Siberia to the Yenessei.
Gavia arctica viridigularis Dwight
Gavia viridigularis Dwight, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 198. (Gichega, northeastern
Siberia.)
Northeastern Siberia probably from the Lena Delta to Kamchatka and
Sakhalin; western Alaska.
Gavia arctica pacifica (Lawrence)
Colymbus pacificus Lawrence, in Baird's Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R.
Pac, 9, 1858, p. 889. (San Diego, California and Puget Sound.)
Breeds on the Arctic coasts of North America from Point Barrow to
Southhampton Island, south to the Alaska Peninsula, Lake Athabasca
ORDER COLYMBIFORMES 35
and York Factory. Winters on the Pacific coast of North America from
Puget Sound to Lower California.
Gavia immer immer (Briinnich)
Colymbus Immer Briinnich, Orn. Boreal., 1764, p. 38. (Faroes).
Breeds in northern North America from the Arctic coasts to the north-
ern United States; Greenland, Iceland and apparently on Jan Mayen.
Winters from about its southern breeding limit to Lower California, Gulf of
Mexico, Florida, the British Isles and coasts of the North Sea, occasionally
to the Mediterranean, Madeira and the Azores.
Gavia immer elasson Bishop
Gavia immer elasson Bishop, Auk, 38, 1921, p. 367. (Carpenter Lake,
RoUette Co., North Dakota.)
Probably the breeding form in the Dakotas and perhaps adjacent states
and Canadian provinces. Winter range not definitely established.
-Gavia adamsii (G. R. Gray)
Colymbus adamsii G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 167.
(Alaska.)
Breeds on the Arctic coasts of eastern Siberia, and North America east to
the Mackenzie Delta. Winters irregularly from Norway to southern
Alaska.
Order COLYMBIFORMES
Family COLYMBIDAE
Genus POLIOCEPHALUS Selbt
Poliocephalus Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Av., 1840, p. 47. Type, by
monotypy and tautonymy, Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine and Selby.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1455-56.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 104r-105.
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^Ethiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 4. -
Subgenus TACHYBAPTUS Reichenbach
Tachyhaptus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iii. Type,
by monotypy, Colymbus minor GmeHn = Colymbus ruficollis Pallas.
Poliocephalus ruficollis ruficollis (Pallas)
Colymbus ruficollis Pallas, Vroeg's Cat. Coll. 1764, Adumbr., p. 6 (Hol-
land) .
Europe south to the Mediterranean and east to the Urals; northwestern
Africa.
36 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Poliocephalus ruficollis poggei (Reichenow)
Colymbus nigricans poggei Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 50, 1902, p. 125.
(Province of Chihli, China.)
Eastern China from Chihli to southeastern Yunnan; Hainan.
Poliocephalus ruficollis japonicus (Hartert)
Podiceps ruficollis japonicus Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1455.
(Tokio.)
Korea, Quelpart Island; Japan.
Poliocephalus ruficollis kunikyonis Kuroda
Poliocephalus ruficollis kunikyonis Kuroda, Ibis, 1927, p. 722. (Minami-
Daitojima, Borodino Islands, Okinawa group. Middle Riu Kiu Is-
lands.)
Confined to the type locality.
Poliocephalus ruficollis iraquensis (Ticehurst)
Podiceps ruficollis iraquensis Ticehurst, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 44, 1923,
p. 28. (Ishandarieyeh, Euphrates.)
Marshes of Iraq, Mesopotamia.
Poliocephalus ruficollis philippensis (Bonnaterre)
Colymbus Philippensis Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyc. M^th., 1, 1790 (1791),
p. 58. (Fresh waters of the Philippines.)
Formosa, Borneo, Philippines.
Poliocephalus ruficollis vulcanorum (Rensch)
Podiceps ruficollis vulcanorum Rensch, Journ. f. Orn., Hartert Festschr.,
1929, p. 205, note. (Crater Lake Segare Anak, 2000 met., Lombok.)
Timor, Flores, Lombok, Java.
Poliocephalus ruficollis tricolor (G. R. Gray)
Podiceps {Sylheocyclus) tricolor G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1860 (1861), p. 366. (Ternate.)
Celebes, the Moluccas; New Guinea; Bismarck archipelago and the
Solomon Islands.
Poliocephalus ruficollis novaehoUandiae (Stephens)
Podiceps novaehoUandiae Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 1, 1826,
p. 18. (New South Wales.)
Podiceps fluviatilis parryi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 197.
(Parry's Creek, northwest Australia.)
Podiceps fluviatilis carterae Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 197.
(Broome Hill, southwest Australia.)
Southern New Guinea; Australia; Tasmania; Rennell Island; New Heb-
rides, New Caledonia.
ORDER COLYMBIFORMES 37
Poliocephalus ruficoUis capensis (Salvador!)
Podiceps capensis Salvador!, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2) 1, 1884, p. 252.
(Shea.)
Africa from the Gold Coast to Abyssinia and south to the Cape of Good
Hope; Comoro Islands; Madagascar.
Poliocephalus pelzelnii (Hartlaub)
Podiceps pelzelnii Hartlaub, Orn. Madagascar, 1861, p. 83. (Mada-
gascar.)
Madagascar.
Poliocephalus dominicus brachypterus (Chapman)
Colymbus dominicus brachypterus Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
12, 1899, p. 256. (Lomita Ranch, Texas.)
Southern Lower California and southeastern Texas to western Panama.
Poliocephalus dominicus dominicus (Linne)
Colymbus dominicus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 223. (Santo
Domingo.)
Greater Antilles.
Poliocephalus dominicus brachyrhynchus (Chapman)
Colymbus dominicus brachyrhynchus Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 12, 1899, p. 255. (Matto Grosso.)
Tropical South America.
Subgenus POLIOCEPHALUS Selby
Poliocephalus rufopectus G. R. Gray
Podiceps (Poliocephalus) rufopectus G. R. Gray, in Dieffenbach's Trav.
New Zealand, 2, 1843, p. 198. (North Island, New Zealand.)
New Zealand.
Poliocephalus poliocephalus cloatesi (Mathews)
Podiceps poliocephalus cloatesi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 197.
(Point Cloates, midwest Australia.)
Midwest and northwest Australia.
- Poliocephalus poliocephalus poliocephalus (Jardine and Selby)
Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine and Selby, 111. Orn., 1, 1827, p. 13. (New
South Wales.)
Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia; Tasmania.
38 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus COLYMBUS Linne
Colymbus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 135. Type, by subsequent
designation, Colymbus cristatus Linne (Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Water Bds. No. Am., 2, 1884, p. 425.)
cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 27.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1444-1456.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 103-105.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 3-4.
Colymbus rolland (Quoy and Gaimard)
Podiceps rolland Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. 'Uranie/ 1824, p. 133, pi. 36.
(FalMand Islands.)
Falkland Islands.
Colymbus chilensis (Lesson)
Podiceps chilensis Lesson, Man. d'Orn., 2, 1828, p. 358. (Concepcion
Bay, ChUe.)
Southern Peru and Bolivia south through Chile, Argentina and Uruguax
to the Straits of Magellan.
Colymbus occipitalis juninensis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann)
Podiceps calliparcBUS juninensis Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ibis, 1894,
p. 112, in text. (Lake Junin, Peru.)
Highlands of Peru and Bolivia.
Colymbus occipitalis occipitalis (Garnot)
Podiceps occipitalis Garnot, Ann. Sci. Nat., 7, 1826, p. 50. (Falkland
Islands.) Cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 46.
Highlands of northwestern Argentina south to Tierra del Fuego and the
Falkland Islands.
Colymbus taczanowskii (Berlepsch and Stolzmann)
Podiceps taczanowskii Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ibis, 1894, p. 109, pi. 4.
(Lake Junin, Peru.)
Lake Junin, Peru.
Colymbus auritus Linn6
Colymbus auritus Linn4, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 135. (Sweden.)
Podiceps auritus var. korejevi Zarudny and Loudon, Orn. Monatsb., 10,
1902, p. 186. (Gouvernment of Orenberg, Semiretschie region; eastern
Persia in winter.)
Breeds in Iceland, Norway, Russia (south of lat. 65° 30') east to the
lower Amur; south to Scotland (locally), Denmark, Orenberg and Astra-
kan (southern limits of breeding in Asia not determined) ; in North America
ORDER COLYMBIFORMES 39
from the lower Yukon, northern Mackenzie and southwestern Ungava,
south to the northern tier of states. Winters to the Mediterranean, eastern
China, southern California, the Gulf Coast and Florida.
Colymbus nigricoUis nigricollis (C. L. Brehm)
Podiceps nigricollis C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., 1831,
p. 963. (Germany.)
Breeds in Europe and Asia from Denmark and the eastern Lake Prov-
inces of Russia to the Amur region, south to southern Russia, Transcau-
casia and Asia Minor.
Colymbus nigricollis gurneyi (Roberts)
Proctopus nigricollis gurneyi Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 6, 1919, p. 118.
(Lamberts Bay, South Africa.) Cf. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 42,
1922, p. 116.
Africa from southern Angola to Ethiopia and south to Cape Province.
Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Heermann)
Podiceps Californicus Heermann, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854,
p. 179. (California.)
Breeds from central British Columbia, Great Slave Lake and Manitoba
south to southern California, northern Arizona and northern Iowa.
Winters from central California to Lower California and Guatemala.
Col3rmbus cristatus cristatus Linne
Colymbus cristatus Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 135. (Sweden.)
Breeds in southern Sweden, Finland to eastern Siberia and China, south
to the Mediterranean, Morocco, Algeria, Eg5^t, Turkestan, Kashmir,
northern India and Japan. In winter migrates from the northern part of its
breeding area south to the Mediterranean, Persian Gulf and Burma.
Colymbus cristatus infuscatus (Salvadori)
Podiceps infuscatus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2), 1, 1884,
p. 251. (Lago Kilole, southern Abyssinia.)
Africa, south of the Sahara.
- Colymbus cristatus christian! (Mathews)
Podiceps cristatus christiani Mathews, Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 267, pi. 26.
(Victoria.)
Australia, Tasmania.
Colymbus cristatus australis (Gould)
Podiceps Australis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844, p. 135. (Aus-
tralia and Van Diemen's Land, error = New Zealand.) Cf. Mathews,
Bds. Austr., 1, 1911, p. 268-269.
New Zealand.
40 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Colymbus grisegena grisegena Boddaert
Colymbus grisegena Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 55. (No lo-
cality, based on Daubenton, pi. 931 = France. Designated by
Hartert, 1912.)
Podiceps griseigena schi0leri Hortling, Orn. Fenn., 6, 1929, p. 14. (Fin-
land.)
Breeds from Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula south to the mouth
of the Dniester and to Transcaucasia; west Siberia to Turgai, south to
Armenia and the Oxus delta. Winters south to the Mediterranean, north-
ern Africa and Persia.
Colymbus grisegena holboUii (Reinhardt)
Podiceps HolboUii Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren. Kjoben-
havn, 1853, p. 76. (Nenortalik, Julianehaab District, Greenland.)
Breeds in eastern Asia from Kamchatka to Ussuriland and in North
America from the lower Yukon, northern Mackenzie and northern Ungava
south to northern Washington and southwestern Minnesota. Winters to
China and Japan, southern California, the Ohio Valley and North Carolina.
Genus AECHMOPHORUS Coues
Aechmophorus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 229. Type,
by original designation, Podiceps occidentalis Lawrence.
Aechmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence)
Podiceps occidentalis Lawrence, in Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R.
Pac, 9, 1858, p. 894. (Fort Steilacoom, Washington.)
Breeds from British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan and southern
Manitoba south to northern California, Utah and northern North Dakota.
Winters from southern British Columbia south through California to
central Mexico.
Aechmophorus major (Boddaert)
Colymbus major Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 24. (Cayenne:
probably an error.)
Northern Peru, Rio Negro and Amazonia south to the Straits of Ma-
gellan.
Genus CENTROPELMA Sclater and Salvin
Centropelma Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., 1869, p. 189. Type, by
monotypy, Podiceps micropterus Gould.
Centropelma micropterum (Gould)
Podiceps micropterus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 220.
(Lake Titicaca.)
Lake Titicaca, Bolivia.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 41
Genus PODILYMBUS Lesson
Podilymbus Lesson, Traite d'Orn.,livr. 8, 1831, p. 595. Type, by mono-
typy, Podiceps carolinensis Latham = Colymbus podiceps Linne.
Podilymbus podiceps podiceps (Linne)
Colymbus Podiceps Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 136. (Caro-
lina.)
Breeds from British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, Quebec and New
Brunswick south locally to Central America. Winters from the southern
half of its breeding range south to Cuba and Panama.
Podilymbus podiceps antillarum Bangs
Podilymbus podiceps antillarum Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI., 4,
1913, p. 89. (Bueycito, Oriente, Cuba.)
Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe^).
-Podilymbus podiceps antarcticus (Lesson)
Podiceps antarcticus Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 209. (Valparaiso,
Chile.)
The greater part of South America from Colombia and Venezuela to
Chile and southern Argentina. ^
Podilymbus gigas Griscom
Podilyjnbus gigas Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 379, 1929, p. 5. (Pana-
jachel, 5300 ft., north shore of Lake Atitlan, Guatemala.)
Confined to Lake Atitlan, Guatemala.
Order PROCELLARIIFORMES
Family DIOMEDEIDAE
Genus DIOMEDEA Linne
Diomedea Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 132. Type, by subsequent
designation, Diomedea exulans Linn6 (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840,
p. 78.)
Nealbatrus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 274. Type, by original
designation, Diomedea chlororhynchos Gmelin.
Diomedella Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 275. Type, by original
designation, Diomedea cauta Gmelin.
1 CJ. Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, 9, 1927, p. 273-274.
^ Cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 65, 1926, p. 181.
42 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Rhothonia Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 37, 1917, p. 861. Type,
by original designation, Diomedea (Rhothonia) sanfordi Murphy =
Diomedea epomophora Lesson.
cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 13-22.
Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1926, p. 332-341.
Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped. 1910, Zool., 4, no. 5, 1930,
p. 162-180.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 129-130.
Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 419, 1930, p. 1-7.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 15-16.
■Diomedea exulans Linn^
Diomedea exulans Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 132. (Cape of
Good Hope.)
Diomedea chionoptera Salvin, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 440 (in
key), p. 443. (Kerguelen Island.)
Diomedea exulans rohui Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915, p. 125.
(Sydney, New South Wales.)
Diomedea exulans westralis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 39, 1918, p. 23.
(Albany, West Australia.)
Diomedea chionoptera alexanderi Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1926, p. 338.
(South Atlantic, lat. 38° 30' S., long. 56° W.)
Diomedea dabbenena Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 50, 1929, p. 11. (New
name for Diomedea alexanderi Dabbene not Thalassogeron alexanderi
Mathews.)
Breeds at Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island, South Georgia, Marion
Island, Prince Edward Island, the Crozets, Kerguelen, Auckland Islands
and Antipodes Island. Ranging over the southern oceans between lat.
30° and 60° south.
Diomedea epomophora Lesson
Diomedcea epomophora Lesson, Ann. Sci. Nat. 6, 1825, p. 95. (No type
locality given in original description, = Campbell Island.)
Diomedea (Rhothonia) sanfordi Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 37,
1917, p. 861. (Off Corral, ChHe.)
Diomedea exulans rothschildi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 246, pi.
95. (Australian Seas.)
Diomedea epomophora mccormicki Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 261.
(Enderby Island.)
Breeds on Campbell Island and on Enderby Island of the Auckland
Group.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 43
Diomedea irrorata Salvin
Diomedea irrorata Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 430. (Callao
Bay, Peru.)
Breeds on Hood Island, Galapagos, ranging to the coast of Peru.
Diomedea albatms Pallas
Diomedea albatrus Pallas, Spic. Zool., 1, fasc. 5, 1769, p. 28. (Off Kam-
chatka.)
North Pacific, breeding on Wake Island and the Bonin Islands.
Diomedea nigripes Audubon
Diomedea nigripes Audubon, Orn. Biog., 5, 1839, p. 327. (Pacific Ocean,
lat. 30° 44' N., long. 146° W.)
Phoebastria nigripes reischekia Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 51, 1930,
p. 29. (New Zealand.)
North Pacific, breeding on islands northwest of Hawaii; Marshall
Islands.
— — Diomedea immutabilis Rothschild
Diomedea immutabilis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 1, 1893, p. 48.
(Laysan Island.)
Central North Pacific: breeds on Laysan and Midway Islands, San
Geronimo and Guadalupe Islands.
Diomedea melanophris melanophris Temminck
Diomedea melanophris Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 77, 1828, pi. 456 and
text. (Cape of Good Hope.)
Thalassarche melanophris impavida Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 267,
pi. 96. (Tasmania.)
Thalassarche melanophris belcheri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 271.
(Kerguelen.)
Southern oceans between the Tropic of Capricorn and lat. 60° S.
Breeds on South Georgia, the Falkland Islands, Kerguelen, Auckland
Islands and Campbell Island.
Diomedea melanophris richmondi (Mathews)
Thalassarche melanophris richmondi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912,
p. 272. (West coast of South America.)
Off west coast of South America. Breeding on Ildefonso Island, Chile.
(Doubtful form.)
44 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Diomedea buUeri Rothschild
Diomedea bulleri Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 1, 1893, p. 58. (New
Zealand.)
Diomedea platei Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 6, 1898, p. 190. (Cavancha,
Chile.)
South Pacific. Breeds on Snares Island.
Diomedea cauta cauta Gould
Diomedea cauta Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 177.
(Bass Strait.)
Diomedella cauta rohui Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 55. (Syd-
ney, New South Wales.)
Diomedella cauta wallaca Mathews, loc. cit., 3, 1918, p. 160, new name
for rohui.
South Pacific and AustraUan Seas. Breeds on Albatross Island, Bass
Strait.
Diomedea cauta salvini (Rothschild)
Thalassogeron salvini Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 1, 1893, p. 58.
(New Zealand.)
Thalassogeron layardi Salvin, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 449 (in
key), p. 450. (Cape Seas.)
South Indian Ocean and South Pacific. Breeds on Bounty Island.
Diomedea cauta eremita (Murphy)
Thalassarche cauta eremita Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 419, 1930,
p. 4. (P5a-amid Rock off Pitt Island, Chatham Islands.)
Breeds on Pyramid Rock, Chatham Islands.
Diomedea desolationis (Salvadori)
Thalassogeron desolationis Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Torino, 26, 1911,
no. 638, p. 2. (Desolation Island.)
Affinities not known. ^
- Diomedea chlororhynchos Gmelin
Diomedea chlororhynchos Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 568.
("Cape of Good Hope and southern oceans outside the tropics.")
Thalassogeron ezimius G. E. Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., 9, 1895, p. 440,
pi. 8. (Gough Island.)
Thalassogeron carteri Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 14, 1903, p. 6.
(Point Cloates, northwestern Australia.)
Diomedea bassi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 206. (Southeast
Australian Seas.)
1 Cf. Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 419, 1930, p. 6.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 45
Breeds on islands in the Tristan da Cunha group, Gough Island, the
Crozet Islands and St. Paul Island and ranges over the South Atlantic,
Indian Ocean and Australian Seas. ^
Diomedea chrysostoma Forster
Diomedea chrysostoma Forster, Mem. Math. Phys. Paris, 10, 1785, p. 571,
pi. 14. (Vicinity of the Antarctic Circle and in the Pacific Ocean.)
Thalassogeron chrysostoma alexanderi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916,
p. 55. (West Australia.)
Thalassogeron chrysostoma harterti Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 280.
(Kerguelen Island.)
Diomedea culminata maiheiosi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 29, 1912,
p. 70. (Campbell Island?)
Breeds on South Georgia, Kerguelen, Marion Island, the Crozets, Camp-
bell Island and Diego Ramirez Islands, Cape Horn, and ranges over the
southern oceans .^
Genus PHOEBETRIA Reichenbach
Phoebetria Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. v. Type, by
original designation, Diomedea fuliginosa Gmelin = Diomedea palpe-
brata Forster.
of. Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1926, p. 319-323.
Hartert, Nov. ZooL, 33, 1926, p. 344.
Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped. 1910, ZooL, 4, no. 5, 1930,
p. 180-184.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 133.
Nichols and Murphy, Auk, 31, 1914, p. 526-533.
Phoebetria fusca fusca (Hilsenberg)
Diomedea fusca Hilsenberg, Froriep's Notiz., 3, 1822, col. 74. (Mozam-
bique Channel.)
Breeds on Inaccessible, Gough and Tristan da Cunha Islands, wanders
in the South Atlantic and western Indian Oceans.
Phoebetria fusca campbelli Mathews
Phoebetria fusca campbelli Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 304. (Aus-
tralian Seas.)
Breeding range not known. Very doubtfully distinct from typical form.
Phoebetria palpebrata palpebrata (Forster)
Diomedea palpebrata Forster, Mem. Math. Phys. Paris, 10, 1785, p. 571,
pi. 15. C'47° S. lat. to 71° 10' " = 64° S., 38° E. fide Mathews.)
^ Cf. Hartert, Nov. ZooL, 33, 1926, p. 345-346.
* Ibid., p. 344-345.
46 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Phoebetria palpebrata huttoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 297.
(New Zealand Seas,)
Phoebetria -palpebrata antardica Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 302.
(South Georgia.)
Phoebetria palpebrata murphyi Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr.,
1921, p. 50, in text (South Georgia) new name for antardica.
Breeds on South Georgia, subantarctic islands of New Zealand and on
Kerguelen. Ranges over the southern oceans north to lat. 33° S.
Phoebetria palpebrata auduboni Nichols and Murphy
Phoebetria palpebrata auduboni Nichols and Murphy, Auk, 31, 1914,
p. 531. (Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon.)
Breeding range unknown; occurs on west coast of America.
Family PROCELLARIIDAE
Subfamily FULMARINAE
Genus MACRONECTES Richmond
Macronedes Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, p. 76. New
name for Ossifraga Hombron and Jacquinot (not Wood). Type, by
monotypy, Procellaria gigantea Gmelin.
cf. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 4, 1909, p. 261-264.
Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped. 1910, ZooL, 4, no. 5,
1930, p. 147-159.
Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin)
Procellaria gigantea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 563. (Type
locality restricted to Staten Island, Mathews, infra, p. 186.)
Macronectes giganteus forsteri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 189.
(Valparaiso Bay, Chile.)
Macronectes giganteus solanderi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 187.
(Falkland Islands.)
Macronectes giganteus halli Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 187. (Ker-
guelen.)
Macronectes giganteus wilsoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 189.
(Ross Sea.)
Macronedes giganteus dovei Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 54.
(Sydney, New South Wales.)
Breeds on Graham Land, South Shetlands, South Orkneys, South Geor-
gia, Falkland Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island, Kerguelen,
Prince Edward Island, Marion Island, Heard Island, Crozet Islands, An-
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 47
tipodes Island, Snares Island, Campbell Island, and Macquarie Island(?).
Ranges throughout the southern oceans and into the tropics on the coast
of Peru.
Genus DAPTION Stephens
Daption Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. ZooL, 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 239. Type,
by original designation, Procellaria capensis Linne.
cf. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 4, 1909, p. 276-280.
Daption capensis (Linne)
Procellaria capensis Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 132. (Cape of
Good Hope.)
Daption capense australis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1913, p. 187.
(New Zealand.)
Breeds on South Georgia, South Orkneys, South Shetlands, Graham
Land, and Kerguelen Island, ranging over the southern oceans.
Genus FULMARUS Stephens
Fulmarus Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. ZooL, 13, pt. 1, 1826, p. 233. Type,
by subsequent designation, Procellaria glacialis Linne. (Gray, List
Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 129.)
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1436-1438.
Witherby and others, Pract. Handb. Brit. Bds., 2, 1922, p. 443-446.
-Fulmarus glacialis glacialis (Linne)
Procellaria glacialis Linn^, Faun. Suec, ed. 2, 1761, p. 51. (Within the
Arctic Circle.)
Breeds from northern Greenland to Cumberland Sound, coasts of
Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Faroes, British Isles, Spitzbergen, Franz
Josef Land, and Novaya Zemlya. Winters in the North Atlantic south to
about lat. 43°.
Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii Cassin
Fulmarus Rodgersii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 326.
(Indian Ocean, error = North Pacific.)
Breeds on Wrangel and Herald Islands, islands in Bering Sea, Com-
mander Islands, coasts of Kamchatka, and Kurile Islands; in winter in the
North Pacific from the Aleutian Islands south to Japan and northern
Lower California.
Genus HALOBiENA Bonapaete
Halobcena Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 768.
Type, by monotypy, Procellaria ccerulea Gmelin. (The other in-
cluded species, H. typica, is a nomen nudum at that point.)
48 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Halobsena caerulea (Gmelin)
Procellaria caerulea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 560. (Southern
Ocean.)
Haloboena ccerulea victorice Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 54.
(Victoria.)
Halobaena murphyi W. S. Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, 1917,
p. 146. (Stromness Bay, South Georgia.)
Breeds at Kerguelen and Falkland Islands and ranges throughout the
southern oceans.
Genus PACHYPTILA Illiger
Pachyptila Illiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 274. Type, by subsequent desig-
nation, Procellaria forsteri Latham (Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types
Av., 1840, p. 49).
Heteroprion Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 222. Type, by original
designation , -iyeteroprion belcher i Mathews.
Fulmariprion Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 215. Type, by original
designation, Pseudoprion turtur crassirostris Mathews.
cf. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 4, 1909, p. 285-296; pt. 5, 1910, p. 297-
298.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 355-356.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 199-233.
Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1, 1921, p. 41-44.
Pachyptila forsteri forsteri ^ (Latham)
Procellaria Forsteri Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 827 (New Zealand).
Breeds at Chatham Islands, Foveaux Straits and Dusky Sound, New
Zealand.
Pachyptila forsteri gouldi^ (Mathews)
Prion vittatus gouldi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 203 (in key),
p. 211. (Bass Strait, Victoria.)
Bass Strait. Breeding place not known.
Pachyptila forsteri missus (Mathews)
Prion vittatus missus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 203 (in key),
p. 212, pi. 92. (Perth, southwestern Australia.)
Coasts of southwestern Australia. Breeding place not known.
1 Procellaria vittata Gmelin 1789 is preoccupied by Procellaria vittata
G. Forster, Voy. Round World, 1, 1777, p. 91 and p. 98, note.
2 Dr. Murphy considers most of the subspecies of Pachyptila to be indis-
tinguishable.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 49
Pachyptila forsteri macgillivrayi (Mathews)
Prion vittata macgillivrayi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 211. (St.
Paul Island, Indian Ocean.)
Breeds at St. Paul Island.
Pachyptila forsteri salvini (Mathews)
Prion vittatus salvini Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 212. ("Crozets,
Marion Island, etc.")
Breeds at Marion Island and the Crozets.
Pachyptila forsteri keyteli (Mathews)
Prion vittata keyteli Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 210. (Tristan da
Cunha.)
Breeds on Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island and South Georgia.^
Pachyptila desolata desolata (Gmelin)
Procellaria desolata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 562. (Desola-
tion Island = Kerguelen Island.)
Breeds at Kerguelen Island.
Pachyptila desolata mattingleyi (Mathews)
Heteroprion desolatus mattingleyi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 223
(in key), p. 226. (Geelong, Victoria.)
Heteroprion desolatus macquariensis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912,
p. 227. (Macquarie Island.)
Breeds at Macquarie Island (?).2
Pachyptila desolata peringueyi (Mathews)
Heteroprion desolatus peringueyi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 230.
(Pondoland coast. South Africa.)
Cape Seas. Breeding place not known.
Pachyptila desolata alexanderi (Mathews and Iredale)
Heteroprion desolatus alexanderi Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr.,
1, 1921, p. 42. (Cottsloe Beach, West Australia.)
Coast of southwestern Australia. Breeding place not known.
Pachyptila desolata altera (Mathews)
Heteroprion desolatus alter Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 231.
(Auckland Islands.)
Breeds on Auckland Islands.
1 Cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1923, p. 134.
2 Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 356.
50 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pachyptila desolata banksi A. Smith
Pachyptila hanksi A. Smith, Ills. Zool. So. Air., Aves, 1840, pi. 55. (Cape
Seas.)
Breeds on South Georgia and the South Orkneys. Ranges north to the
Cape of Good Hope.
Pachyptila belcheri (Mathews)
Heteroprion belcheri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 215 and text figs.,
p. 224. (Geelong, Victoria.)
Probably breeding on subantarctic islands, ranging northward to the
waters adjacent to Australia and New Zealand, the east coast of South
America to Montevideo; the Falkland Islands.
Pachyptila turtur turtur (Kuhl)
Procellaria tnrtur Kuhl, Beitr. Zool., 1820, p. 143. (Bass Strait.)
Pseudoprion turtur huttoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 220.
(Chatham Islands.)
Pseudoprion turtur nova Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 55. (Syd-
ney, New South Wales.)
Breeds on islands in Bass Strait and on the Chatham Islands. Ranges
over seas of Australia and New Zealand.
Pachyptila turtur eatoni (Mathews)
Pseudoprion turtur eatoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 220. (Ker-
guelen Island.)
Breeds at Kerguelen.
Pachyptila turtur crassirostris (Mathews)
Pseudoprion turtur crassirostris Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p, 221.
(Bounty Island.)
Breeds on Bounty Island and Antipodes Island.
Pachyptila turtur fallai Oliver
Pachyptila turtur fallai Oliver, New Zealand Bds.^ 1930, p. 114. (Otago,
South Island, New Zealand.)
New Zealand: known only from three specimens, aU from South Island.
?Pachyptila turtur solanderi (Mathews)
Pseudoprion turtur solanderi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 220.
(West coast of South America.)
Status and breeding place not determined.
?Pachyptila turtur brevirostris (Gould)
Prion brevirostris Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 88, pi. 93.
(Madeira!)
Status and breeding place not determined.
order procellariiformes 51
Subfamily PUFFININAE
Genus PRIOCELLA Hombkon and Jacquinot
Priocella Hombron and Jacquinot, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 18,
1844, p. 357. Type, by monotypy, Priocella garnotii Hombron and
Jacquinot = Fulmarus antardicus Stephens,
c/. Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1923, p. 142-145.
Priocella antarctica (Stephens)
Fulmarus antardicus Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 1, 1826,
p. 236. ("Antarctic ocean pretty far to the South.")
Priocella antarctica addenda Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915, p. 125.
(New Zealand Seas.)
Known breeding stations are on Adelie Land, at Cape Roquemaurel and
Louis Phihp Land. Ranges north in the Pacific to New Zealand and Peru
(once to Oregon) and in the Atlantic to lat. 35° S., casually to Cape St.
Roque and St. Helena Island.
Genus THALASSOICA Reichenbach
Thalassoica Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iv. Type, by
original designation, Procellaria antarctica GmeUn.
cf. Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped., 1910, Zool., 4, no. 5, 1930,
p. 132-134.
Thalassoica antarctica (Gmelin)
Procellaria antarctica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 565. (Ant-
arctic Circle between 31°-61°.)
Breeding on the Antarctic continent, ranging north to 50° S. lat.
Genus ADAMASTOR Bonaparte
Adamastor Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 594.
Type, by original designation, Procellaria hcesitata Forster = Procel-
laria cinerea GmeUn.
cj. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 119-124.
Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec, 4, 1920, p. 111.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 115-116.
Adamastor cinereus (Gmelin)
Procellaria cinerea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 563. (Within the
Antarctic Circle = New Zealand Seas, lat. 48° S., designated as type
locaUty by Mathews, 1912, p. 123.)
Procellaria pallipes Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 123. (New Zea-
land, ex Solander ms.)
52 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Priofinus cinereihs dydimus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 54.
(New Zealand.)
Breeding on Gough Island, Kerguelen, Macquarie Island and Antipodes
Island, ranging over the southern oceans between 30° and 55° S. and on the
west coast of South America to Peru.
Genus PROCELLARIA Linne
Procellaria Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 131. Type, by subse-
quent designation, Procellaria cequinoctialis Linne (Gray, List Gen.
and Subgen. Bds., 1840, p. 78).
cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 3, 1923, p. 5-7.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 354-355.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 106-124 (part, excl. P. cinerea).
Procellaria aequinoctialis aequinoctialis Linn^
Procellaria cequinoctialis Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 132. (Cape
of Good Hope.) ^
Procellaria cequinoctialis mixta Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 111.
(Eastern Cape Seas. Type from the South Atlantic 300 miles north of
Capetown.)
Procellaria cequinoctialis brahournei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912,
p. 113. (West coast of South America.)
Breeds on the Falklands, South Georgia, Crozets and Kerguelen, ranging
north over the southern oceans to 30° S. lat. to the west coast of Peru,
casually to southeast Brazil, Angola and Mozambique.
Procellaria aequinoctialis steadi Mathews
Procellaria aequinoctialis steadi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 112.
(Antipodes Island and Auckland Islands. Type from Antipodes
Island.)
Breeds on Antipodes Island and Auckland Islands.
Procellaria conspicillata Gould
Procellaria conspicillata Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844,
p. 362. (Very abundant in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.)
Procellaria perspicillata Mathews, Bds. Austr., suppl. no. 2, 1923, p. iv.
(Nomen nudum.)
Status and breeding range not known.
Procellaria parkinsoni G. R. Gray
Procellaria parkinsoni G. R. Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 245. (New Zealand.)
Breeding on North Island, New Zealand; ranges over the South Pacific
from Australia to the Galapagos.
1 Dabbene. loc. cit. p. 5, substitutes South Georgia.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 53
Genus PUFFINUS Brisson
Puffinus Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 56; 6, p. 130. Type, by tautonymy,
Puffinus [puffinus] Brisson = Procellaria puffinus Briinnich.
Calonedris Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 590, 592, Type, by
original designation, Procellaria leucomelas Temminck.
Hemipuffinus Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 20. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Puffinus carneipes Gould.
Neonedris Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 12. Type, by original
designation, Puffinus brevicaudus Gould.
Alphapuffinus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 110. Type, by
original designation, Puffinus assimilis Gould.
Reinholdia Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 107. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Puffinus reinholdi Mathews.
Cinathisma Hull, Emu, 15, 1916, p. 205. Type, by monotypy, Cina-
thisma cyanoleuca Hull = Reinholdia reinholdi byroni Mathews.
Microzalias Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 597. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Puffinus nativitatis Streets.
cf. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 2, 1908, p. 72-152.
pt. 3, 1908, p. 153-154.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 347-353.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1419-1429.
Loomis, Proc Cal. Acad. Sci., 2, pt. 2, no. 12, 1918, p. 59-62; 109-149.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 45-105.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 110-115.
Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 582-604.
Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 276, 1927, p. 1-15; no. 419, 1930,
p. 7-14.
Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 50, 1924, p. 240-251.
Oberholser, Auk, 34, 1917, p. 471-475.
Subgenus ARDENNA Reichenbach
Ardenna Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iv. Type, by
original designation, Puffinus maior Faber = Puffinus gravis O'Reilly.
Puffinus leucomelas (Temminck)
Procellaria leucomelas Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 99, 1835, pi. 587. (Seas
of Japan and Nagasaki Bay.)
Breeds at the Bonin and Pescadores Islands. Range extends from coasts
of Korea and Japan to the Malay Archipelago and New Guinea; occasion-
ally to Ceylon.
54 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
PuflSnus diomedea diomedea (Scopoli)
Procellaria diomedea Scopoli, Annus I, Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 74. (No
locality given; Mediterranean Sea generally accepted, but cf. Hartert,
Vog. pal. Fauna Nachtr. 1, 1923, p. 77.)
The Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltar to Syria and Egypt; the Adriatic
and the Bosphorus. Breeds on islands in the Mediterranean.
Puffinus diomedea borealis Cory
Pufinus borealis Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI., 6, 1881, p. 84. (Off Chatham
Island, Mass.)
Puffinus Jcuhli fortunatus Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 35, 1915,
p. 120. (Isla Graciosa, Canary Islands.)
North Atlantic Ocean. Breeds on the Azores, the Madeiras, Salvage
Islands and the Canaries.
PuflBmus diomedea edwardsii Oustalet
Puffinus Edwardsii Oustalet, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (6), 16, art. 5, 1883,
p. 1. (Branco, Cape Verde Islands.)
Puffinus mariae B. Alexander, Ibis, 1898, p. 92. (Brava, Cape Verde
Islands.)
Breeds on the Cape Verde Islands.
Pufl&nus diomedea flavirostris (Gould)
Procellaria flavirostris Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 365.
(Off Cape of Good Hope in lat. 36° 39' S., long. 10° 3' E.)
Western Indian Ocean. Breeds on Kerguelen Island.
Puffinus creatopus Coues
Puffinus creatopus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 131.
(San Nicolas Island, California.)
Eastern Pacific Ocean. Breeds on Masatierra Island, migrating north to
the coasts of California, Washington, and Alaska.
Puffinus cameipes Gould
Puffinus cameipes Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 365.
(Small islands off Cape Leeuwin, West Australia.)
Puffinus cameipes carbonarius Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 90.
(Three Kuigs Island, New Zealand ex Solander ms.)
Puffinus cameipes zealanicus Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 46, 1926,
p. 76. (New name for carbonarius.)
Puffinus cameipes neozealanicus Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 46,
1926, p. 93. (New name for zealanicus.)
Puffinus cameipes hakodate Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 90. (Seas
of Japan.)
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 55
Puffinus carneipes hullianus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 90.
(Norfolk Island = Lord Howe Island.)
Breeds on islands off southwestern Australia, North Island, New Zea-
land and at Lord Howe Island. Ranges east to Juan Fernandez and north
to Japan and coasts of California.
PuflSnus gravis (O'Reilly)
Procellaria Gravis O'Reilly, Voy. Greenl. Adj. Seas, 1818, p. 140, pi. 12,
f. 1. (Cape Farewell and Staten Hook to Newfoundland.)
Breeds on Tristan da Cunha. Ranges over the South Atlantic and on
migration in the North Atlantic to the Grand Banks, British Isles and
Arctic Circle.
Subgenus THYELLODROMA Stejneger
Thyellodroma Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, 1888, p. 93. Type, by
original designation, Puffi,nus sphenurus Gould = Puffi,nus chlororhyn-
chus Lesson.
Puffinus pacificus pacificus (Gmelin)
Procellaria pacifica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 560. (Pacific
Ocean. Type locality restricted to Kermadec Islands. Mathews,
Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 80.)
Puffinus chlororhynchus iredali (sic) Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 27,
1910, p. 40. (Sunday Island, Kermadec group.)
Breeds on the Kermadec Islands.
Pufltous pacificus chlororhynchus Lesson
Puffinus chlororhynchus Lesson, Traite d' Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 613. (No
locality. Type from Shark's Bay, West Australia.)
Puffinus pacificus hamiltoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 82. (The
Cousin, Seychelles.)
Puffinus pacificus alleni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 83. (San
Benedicto Island, Revilla Gigedos.)
Puffinus pacificus royanus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 85. (Bondi
Beach, near Sydney, New South Wales.)
Breeds on the Seychelles, west and east coasts of Australia, Lord Howe
and Norfolk Islands; Revilla Gigedo group (San Benedicto Island) and
many other islands in the Pacific. Ranges throughout the warmer parts of
the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Puffinus pacificus cuneatus Salvin
Puffinus cuneatus Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 353. (Krusenstern Island.)
Puffinus pacificus laysani Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 83. (Laysan
Island.)
56 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WOELD
Puffinus pacificus whitneyi Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 45, 1925, p. 106.
(Kandavu, Fiji Islands.)
(Puffinus knudseni Stejneger is also a sjmonym).
Breeds on Krusenstern Island, Laysan, French Frigate, Bonin Islands,
the Vulcan group, Pescadores, Hawaiian Islands (Oahu and Kauai.)
Puflfinus buUeri Salvin
Puffinus bulleri Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 354. (New Zealand.)
Breeds on islets off North Island, New Zealand. Ranges east to the west
coast of South America and north to California.
Subgenus PUFFINUS Brisson
PuflBnus griseus (Gmelin)
Procellaria grisea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 564. (Southern
Hemisphere between 35° and 50° = New Zealand.) Cf. Mathews, 1912,
p. 95.
Neonedris griseus pescadoresi Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 602.
(Pescadores Island.)
Neonedris griseus missus Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 602.
(Kurile Islands.)
Neonedris griseus nutcheri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 54.
(Bondi Beach, near Sydney, New South Wales.)
Breeds on South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand; Chatham,
Auckland and Snares Islands; Andes of northern Chile, islands off southern
Chile and the Falkland Islands. Ranges across the southern Pacific from
New South Wales to Juan Fernandez and migrates into the North Pacific
and North Atlantic to Kamchatka, Alaska, Labrador, Greenland and the
Faroes.
Puflanus tenuirostris tenuirostris (Temminck)
Procellaria tenuirostris Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 99, 1835, text to pi. 587.
(Seas north of Japan and shores of Korea.)
Puffinus brevicaudus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 28, 1847, pi. 56. (Islands of
Bass Strait.)
Puffinus intermedius Hull, Emu, 11, 1911, p. 98. (Cabbage Tree Island,
Port Stephens, New South Wales.)
Neonedris tenuirostris grantianus Hull, Emu, 15, 1916, p. 206. (Ulla-
duUa, New South Wales.)
Neonedris tenuirostris hulli Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 36, 1916,
p. 82. (Barrier Reef, Queensland.)
Breeds in Tasmania, islands of Bass Strait, southeastern AustraUa and
Bounty Islands. Ranges east to the Tuamotu Islands and north to eastern
Siberia and Bering Sea.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 57
Puflfinus heinrothi Reichenow
Puffinus heinrothi Reichenow, Journ. f . Orn., 67, 1919, p. 225. (Blanche
Bay, New Britain.)
Known only from New Britain, where it probably breeds.
PufRnus nativitatis Streets
Puffinus (Nectris) nativitatis Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1877, no. 7,
p. 29. (Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean.)
Tropical Pacific. Breeds at Laysan, Wake and Christmas Islands, and
in the Phoenix, Marquesas, Tuamotu and Austral Archipelagos.
Puflanus puffinus pufl&nus (Brunnich)
Procellaria pufinus Brunnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, p. 29. (Faroes and Nor-
way.)
Puffinus puffinus bermudce Nichols and Mowbray, Auk, 33, 1916, p. 195.
(Gurnet Head Rock, Bermuda.) Cf. Dwight, Auk, 44, 1927, p. 243.
Eastern North Atlantic. Breeds in Iceland, the Faroes, British Isles,
coast of Brittany, Azores, Madeira, the Salvages and Bermuda.
Puffinus puffinus yelkouan (Acerbi)
Procellaria Yelkouan Acerbi, Bibl. Ital., 47, 1827, p. 297. (The Bos-
phorus, opposite Bujukdere.)
Eastern Mediterranean. Breeds on islands in the Aegean Sea.
Puffinus puffinus mauretanicus Lowe
Puffinus puffinus mauretanicus Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 41, 1921, p. 140.
(Algiers.)
Western Mediterranean. Breeding probably on the Balearic Islands and
coasts of Corsica and Sardinia.
Puffinus reinholdi reinholdi ^ Mathews ~ 5 **^' *'
Puffinus reinholdi reinholdi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 47 (in
key), p. 74, pi. 74. (New Zealand.)
Puffinus reinholdi melanotis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 36, 1916,
p. 89. (Kaipara Beach, North Island, New Zealand.)
Puffinus reinholdi huttoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 47 (in key),
p. 77. (Snares Island.)
New Zealand Seas. Breeds on both islands of New Zealand and on
Snares Island.
* Sometimes called gavia (Procellaria gavia Forst., Descr. Anim., ed. Licht.,
1844, p. 148) but c/. Hartert, Nov. ZooL, 33, 1926, p. 347.
58 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Puffinus reinholdi byroni (Mathews)
Reinholdia reinholdi byroni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1913, p. 187.
(Byron Bay, New South Wales.)
Cinathisma cyanoleuca Hull, Emu, 15, 1916, p. 205. (Open sea between
UlladuUa and on Brush Island, New South Wales.)
Coast of New South Wales. Breeding place unknown.
Puffinus reinholdi montaguei (Mathews)
Reinholdia reinholdi montaguei Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 5, 1922, p. 2.
(New Caledonia.)
New Caledonia and New Hebrides.
Pufltous opisthomelas Coues
Puffinus opisthomelas Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 139.
(Cape San Lucas, Lower California.)
Breeds on west coast of Lower California, San Benito, Natividad and
Guadalupe Islands, ranging north to the coast of British Columbia.
PuflSnus auricularis C. H. Townsend
Puffinus auricularis C. H. Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13, 1890,
p. 133. (Clarion Island, Lower Cahfornia.)
Breeds on the Revilla Gigedo Islands. Occurs in the eastern Pacific
from Cape San Lucas to Clipperton Island.
fPuflfinus newelli Henshaw
Puffinus newelli Henshaw, Auk, 17, 1900, p. 246. (Waihee Valley,
Ulani = Maui Island, Hawaiian Islands.)
Extinct. Formerly bred on Lanai and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands.
Puflinus assimilis assimilis Gould
Puffinus assimilis Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, app., p. 7. (New
South Wales = Norfolk Island.)
Puffinus assimilis howensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915, p. 125.
(Lord Howe Island.)
Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands.
PuflSnus assimilis kermadecensis Murphy
Puffinus assimilis kermadecensis Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 276,
1927, p. 3. (Herald Island, Kermadec group.)
Kermadec Islands.
Puffinus assimilis kempi Mathews
Puffinus assimilis kempi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 69. (Chatham
Islands.)
Breeding on Chatham Islands; Bounty Island(?)
ORDER PROCELLRIIAFORMES 59
Puffinus assimilis tunneyi Mathews
Puffinus assimilis tunneyi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 47 (in key),
p. 71. (Boxer Island, Southwest AustraUa.)
Coast of southwestern Australia. Breeds at Houtman's Abrolhos and
in the Recherche Archipelago.
PuflSnus assimilis munda (Salvin)
Nedris munda Salvin, in Rowley's Orn. Misc., 1, 1876, p. 236. (Lat. 48°
27' S.; long. 93° W. of London.)
Known only from specimens taken in lat. 48° 30' in the South Pacific.
Puffinus assimilis elegans Giglioli and Salvadori
Puffinus elegans Giglioli and Salvadori, Ibis, 1869, p. 68. (South Atlantic
Ocean, lat. 43° 54' S.; long. 9° 20' E.)
Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island.
Puffinus assimilis baroli (Bonaparte)
Procellaria baroli Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1857, p. 204. (Mediter-
ranean, Desertas near Madeira, Canary Islands. Restricted to Deser-
tas, Bannermann, Ibis, 1914, p. 477.)
Puffinus godmani AUen, Auk, 25, 1908, p. 339. (Madeira.)
Puffinus obscurus atlanticus Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI.,
27, 1911, p. 43. (Porto Santo, near Madeira.)
Madeira, Salvages and Canary Islands.
Puflfinus Iherminieri Iherminieri Lesson
Puffinus (sic) Lherminieri Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 102. ("Ad ripas
Antillarum.")
Breeds on Bermuda, the Bahamas, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles (St.
Martins, Saba, St. Eustatius, Guadeloupe, Barbados).
Puffinus Iherminieri boydi Mathews
Pufflnus Iherminieri boydi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 70. (Cape
Verde Islands.)
Cape Verde Islands.
Pufl5nus Iherminieri subalaris Ridgway
Puffinus subalaris Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19, 1897, p. 650.
(Dalrymple Rock, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago.)
Pufinus Iherminieri becki Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 70. (Cul-
pepper Island, Galapagos Archipelago.)
Breeds in the Galapagos Archipelago.
60 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
PuflSnus Iherminieri polynesiae Murphy
Puffinus Iherminieri polynesioe Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 276, 1927,
p. 8. (Tahiti, Society Islands.)
Society, Tuamotu, Marquesas and Samoan Islands.
PuflSnus Iherminieri dichrous Finsch and Hartlaub
Puffinus dichrous Finsch and Hartlaub, Faun. Centr. Polyn., 1867,
p. 244. (McKean Island, Phoenix group.) Puffinus minor Hartlaub
is a synonym.
Western Pacific from the Phoenix to the Pelew groups.
Puflinus Iherminieri gunax Mathews
Puffinus Iherminieri nugax Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 72, (Off
Townsville, Queensland, ex Solander ms.)
Puffinus Iherminieri gunax Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 50, 1930, p. 55.
New name for Puffinus nugax Mathews, not Procellaria nugax Bona-
parte. (Melapav Islet, Banks group. New Hebrides.)
Probably breeding on the Banks group of the New Hebrides. Ranges to
the east coast of Australia (?).
Puflinus Iherminieri bannermani Mathews and Iredale
Puffinus bannermani Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 594. (North
Iwojima, Bonin Islands.)
Bonin Islands.
Puffinus Iherminieri bailloni (Bonaparte)
Procellaria nugax a. bailloni Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1857, p, 205.
(Mauritius.)
Seychelles and Reunion; Mauritius (?).
Puffinus persicus Hume
Puffinus Persicus Hume, Str. Feath., 1, 1873, p. 5. (At sea between
Guadar and Muscat.)
Arabian Sea and coasts of Persia and northwestern India. Breeding
place not known.
Genus PTERODROMA Bonaparte
Pterodroma Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 768.
Type, by subsequent designation, Procellaria macroptera A. Smith
(Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 137).
Oestrelatella Bianchi, Faun, dela Russ., Aves, 1, pt. 2, 1913, p. 521, 719.
Type, by original designation, (Estrelata hypoleuca Salvin.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 61
c/. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 3, 1908, p. 176-232.
pt. 4, 1909, p. 233-253.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 347.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1429-1435.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 129-173.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 117-123. (Pterodroma,
Aestrelata, Cookilaria.)
Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 370, 1929, p. 1-17.
Pterodroma macroptera macroptera (A. Smith)
Procellaria macroptera A. Smith, Ills. Zool. So. Afr., pt. 2, 1840, pi. 52.
(Cape Seas.)
Breeds on Tristan da Cunha, the Crozets, Kerguelen Island.
Pterodroma macroptera albani Mathews
Pterodroma macroptera albani Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 30.
(Rabbit Island, West Australia.)
Breeds on south coast of western Australia (fide Alexander).
Pterdroma macroptera gouldi (Hutton)
^strelata gouldi Hutton, Ibis, 1869, p. 351. (New Zealand Seas.)
Breeds on North Island, New Zealand.
Pterodroma aterrima (Bonaparte)
Procellaria aterrima Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1857, p. 191. (Reunion.)
Mascarene Islands.
Pterodroma lessonii lessonii (Garnot)
Procellaria Lessonii Garnot, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., 7, 1826, p. 54, pi. 4.
("Dans les parages du Cap Horn et de la mer Pacifique par 52° de
lat. sept. [ = austr.] et 85° de longit." "Falkland Islands Seas" sub-
stituted by Mathews, List. Bds. Austr., 1913, p. 37. Why?)
Breeds on Kerguelen Island, ranges over the southern oceans from
Antarctica to lat. 35° S.
Pterodroma lessonii australis (Mathews)
Aestrelata lessonii australis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 54.
(Sydney, New South Wales.)
Breeds on Bounty, Auckland and Antipodes Islands.
-Pterodroma hasitata (Kuhl)
Procellaria hasitata Kuhl, Beitr. Zool., 1820, Abth. 1, p. 142. (ex
Forster.)
Formerly bred on Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles; present breeding colony
not known but almost certainly in mountains of Hispaniola. Ranges off
coasts of Florida and eastern Brazil.
62 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
fPterodroma caribbaea Carte
Pterodroma caribboca Carte, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866, p. 93, pi. 10.
(Blue Mountains, Jamaica.) ^
Formerly bred on the Island of Jamaica. Now extinct.
tPterodroma cahow (Nichols and Mowbray)
Mstrelata cahow Nichols and Mowbray, Auk, 33, 1916, p. 194. (South-
east side of Castle Island, Bermuda.)
Formerly bred on Bermuda. Now extinct.
— ^Pterodroma incerta (Schlegel)
Procellaria incerta Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 6, Procell., 1863, p. 9.
("Mersaustrales.")
Breeds on Tristan da Cunha, ranging over the South Atlantic and
southern Indian Oceans.
Pterodroma rostrata rostrata (Peale)
Procellaria rostrata Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 296. (Moun-
tains about 6000 feet on Tahiti, Society Islands.)
Breeds on the Society and Marquesas Islands.
Pterodroma rostrata trouessarti Brasil
Pterodroma rostrata Trouessarti Brasil, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris,
23, 1917, p. 432. (New Caledonia.)
Breeds on New Caledonia.
Pterodroma becki Murphy
Pterodroma becki Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 322, 1928, p. 1. (Lat.
3° S., long. 155° E.)
Unique.^
Pterodroma alba (Gmelin) »
Procellaria alba Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 565. (Turtle and
Christmas Islands.)
Breeds in the tropical Pacific on Christmas Island, the Phoenix, Mar-
quesas, Tonga and Tuamotu Islands(?).
1 Procellaria jamaicensis Bancroft, Zool. Journ., 5, 1829, p. 81. (Summit of
Blue Mountain Peak, Jamaica) is an absolute nomen nudum.
2 Dr. Murphy writes me that a second specimen was collected May 18,
1928, northwest of Rendova Island.
3 Loomis, Auk, 37, 1920, p. 88-91, considers this the same as Procellaria par-
virostris Peale.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 63
-Pterodroma inexpectata (J. R. Forster)
Procellaria inexpectata J. R. Forster, Descr. Anim., ed. Licht., 1844,
p. 204. (Antarctic Ocean.)
Procellaria lugens Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 159. (Antarctic
Ocean to southern Tierra del Fuego, ex Solander ms.)
Pterodroma inexpectata thompsoni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915,
p. 125. (East Austraha.)
Breeds on New Zealand (South Island), Chatham Islands, Bounty
Island. Ranges north to Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, accidental in
Livingston Co., N. Y. (type of Aestrelata scalaris Brewster).
Pterodroma solandri^ (Gould)
Procellaria Solandri Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844, p. 57. (Bass
Strait.)
Oestrelata montana Hull, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 35, 1911,
p. 785. (Lord Howe Island.)
Breeds on Lord Howe Island, Tuamotu and Austral Islands. Ranges
over the South Pacific from eastern Australia to Ducie Island.
Pterodroma brevirostris (Lesson)
Procellaria brevirostris Lesson, Traits d' Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 611. (No
type locality.)
Breeds on Tristan da Cunha and Kerguelen. Ranges over the South
Atlantic and southern Indian Oceans.
Pterodroma heraldica heraldica (Salvin)
Mstrelata heraldica Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 357. (Chesterfield Islands.)
Breeds on Chesterfield Islands, Tonga, Marquesas and Tuamotu Islands.
Pterodroma heraldica paschae Lonnberg
Pterodroma {jEstrelata) heraldica paschae Lonnberg, in Skottsberg's Nat.
Hist. Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands, 3, pt. 1, 1920 (1921), p. 23.
(Easter Island.)
Breeding on Easter Island.
• Pterodroma phillipii (G. R. Gray)
f. Procellaria melanopus GmeUn, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 562. (North
America.)
Procellaria phillipii G. R. Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 246. (Norfolk Island.)
Procellaria neglecta Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 6, Procell., 1863, p. 10.
(Kermadec and Sunday Islands.)
^ Replaces melanopus Gmelin.
64 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pterodroma neglecta quintali Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 68.
(Lord Howe Island.)
Breeds on the Kermadecs, Lord Howe, Austral and Tuamotu Islands;
Juan Fernandez. Ranges over the Pacific from the Kermadecs to Mexico.^
Pterodroma anninjoniana (Giglioli and Salvador!)
Aestrelata Arminjoniana Giglioli and Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat.,
11, 1868, p. 452. (South Trinidad Island.)
(Estrelata wilsoni Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 12, 1902, p. 49. (South
Trinidad Island.)
Estrelata chionophara Murphy, Auk, 31, 1914, p. 13, pi. 2. (Trinidad
Islet.)
Breeds on South Trinidad Island.
Pterodroma wortheni (Rothschild)
Oestrelata wortheni Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 12, 1902, p. 62.
(Pacific Ocean, lat. 3° S., long. 118° 45' W.)
Range and status not determined.
Pterodroma magentae (Giglioli and Salvadori)
Aestrelata Magentae Giglioli and Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 11,
1868, p. 451. (Pacific Ocean, lat. 39° 38' S., long. 125° 58' W.)
Unique.
Pterodroma oliveri (Mathews and Iredale)
Estrelata oliveri Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 113.
(Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands.)
Kermadec Islands. (Unique.)
Pterodroma mollis mollis (Gould)
Procellaria mollis Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 363.
(South Atlantic Ocean.)
Pterodroma dubius Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 44, 1924, p. 70. (New
name for bird figured and described in Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912,
p. 157, pi. 86, Australia?.)
Breeds on Tristan da Cunha, Gough, Kerguelen and St. Paul Islands.
Pterodroma mollis feae (Salvadori)
Oestrelata feae Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2), 20, 1899, p. 305.
(San Nicolas Island, Cape Verdes.)
Breeds on Madeira and the Cape Verdes.
1 Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zoo!., 34, 1928, p. 129-131.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 65
-Pterodroma phaeopygia phaeopygia (Salvin)
CEstrelata phceopygia Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 9, 1876, p. 507,
pi. 88, f. 1. (Chatham Island, Galapagos.)
Breeds on the Galapagos Archipelago.
Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis (Ridgway)
CEstrelata sandwichensis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway 's
Water Bds. No. Am., 2, 1884, p. 395, in text. (Hawaiian Islands.)
Pterodroma externa externa (Salvin)
CEstrelata externa Salvin, Ibis, 1875, p. 373. (Islands of Masafuera and
Juan Fernandez.)
Breeds on the Juan Fernandez group.
• Pterodroma externa cervicalis (Salvin)
CEstrelata cervicalis Salvin, Ibis, 1891, p. 192. (Kermadec Islands.)
Breeds on the Kermadec Islands.
Pterodroma cookii cookii (G. R. Gray)
Procellaria Cookii G. R. Gray, in Dieffenbach's Travels in New Zea-
land, 2, 1843, p. 199. (New Zealand.)
Breeding at Hen and Chickens Islands, New Zealand.
Pterodroma cookii axillaris (Salvin)
CEstrelata axillaris Salvin, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 1, 1893, p. 33. (Chatham
Islands.)
Breeds on Chatham Islands.
Pterodroma cookii nigripennis (Rothschild)
CEstrelata nigripennis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 1, 1893, p. 57.
(Kermadec Islands.)
Breeds on the Kermadec and Austral Islands.
Pterodroma cookii orientalis Murphy
Pterodroma cookii orientalis Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 370, 1929,
p. 5. (200 miles west of Callao, Peru.)
Occurs off the west coast of South America between lat. 12° and 34° S.
Breeding place not known.
Pterodroma cookii defilippiana (Giglioli and Salvadori)
Mstrelata defilippiana Giglioli and Salvadori, Ibis, 1869, p. 63. (Off
northern Chile.)
Breeds on Masatierra and Santa Clara Islands of the Juan Fernandez
group.
66 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera (Gould)
Procellaria leucoptera Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 364.
(Cabbage Tree Island, Port Stephens, New South Wales.)
Cookilaria cookii hyroni Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 36, 1916, p. 48.
(Byron Bay, error = Port Stephens.)
Breeding on Cabbage Tree Island, New South Wales.
Pterodroma leucoptera masafuerae Lonnberg
Pterodroma cookii masafuerae Lonnberg, in Skottsberg's Nat. Hist.
Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands, 3, pt. 1, 1921, p. 14. (Masa-
iuera Island.)
Breeds on Masafuera Island.
Pterodroma leucoptera hypoleuca (Salvin)
(Estrelata hypoleuca Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 359. (Krusenstern Island,
North Pacific Ocean = Krusenstern Reef?)
Breeding on the Bonin and western Hawaiian Islands.
Pterodroma leucoptera brevipes (Peale)
Procellaria brevipes Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 297, 337. (Lat.
68° S., long. 95° W.)
Breeds on New Hebrides and in the Fijis. Ranges east to the Galapagos
Islands.
Pterodroma leucoptera longirostris (Stejneger)
JEstrelata longirostris Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus,, 16, 1893, p. 618.
(Province of Mutzu, Hondo, Japan.)
North Pacific. Breeding place unknown.
The following "species" based on Solander's descriptions have not been
satisfactorily identified with any known Petrels and are purely hypothet-
ical.
Pterodroma atrata (Mathews)
Procellaria atrata Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 163. (Lat. 25° 21' S.,
long. 129° W., ex Solander ms.)
Pterodroma sordida (Mathews)
Procellaria sordida Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 162. (Lat. 25° 21'
S., long. 129° E. and lat. 39° 49' S., long. 111° 30' W., ex Solander ms.)
Pterodroma agilis (Mathews)
Procellaria agilis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 152. (Lat. 36° 49' S.,
long. 111° 30' W., ex Solander ms.)
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 67
Pterodroma siliga Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 47, 1926, p. 40. (New
name for P. agilis Mathews, not Gray ^ in synonymy of Fulmarus
(Astrelata) Philippii, no description, a simple nomen nudum, the re-
naming not called for.)
Pterodroma velificans (Mathews)
Procellaria velificans Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 161. (Lat. 44"
35' S., long. 109° 2' W. of London, and lat. 36° 49' S., long. 111°
30' W., ex Solander ms.)
Genus PAGODROMA Bonaparte
Pagodroma Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 768.
Type, by monotypy, Procellaria nivea Forster.
of. Hartert, Nov. ZooL, 33, 1926, p. 354.
Lowe and Kinnear, Brit. Antarct. Exped., 1910, ZooL, 4, no. 5, 1930,
p. 142-147.
Pagodroma nivea (Forster)
Procellaria nivea Forster, Voy. Round World, 1, 1777, p. 96, 98. (Lat.
52° S., long. 20° E.)
Pagodroma nivea (novegeorgica) von der Steinen, Internat. Polarforsch.
Deutsche Exp., 2, 1890, p. 250. (South Georgia.)
Pagodroma confusa Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 177, left-hand
f. (Cape Adare.)
Pagodroma nivea falklandica Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 46, 1926,
p. 76. ("New name for P. n. novegeorgica Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2,
1912, p. 177, preoccupied as synon3an of nivea Forster.")
Pagodroma nivea pealei Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 49, 1928, p. 19.
(New name for Procellaria Candida Peale = Procellaria nivea Forster.)
Pagodroma nivea alba Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 49, 1928, p. 52.
(New name for "the bird described in Birds of Norfolk and Lord Howe
Island, 1928, p. 103, pi. 39.")
Breeds on South Georgia, South Orkneys, South Shetlands, probably at
Cape Adare and at other places on the shores of Antarctica. Ranges north
to lat. 50° S.
Genus BULWERIA Bonaparte
Bulweria Bonaparte, Nuov. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, 8, 1842 (1843),
p. 426. Type, by monotypy, Procellaria bulwerii Jardine and Selby.
cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 42-43.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1435-1436.
1 Handlist Gen. Bds., pt. 3, 1871, p. 106.
68 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Bulweria bulwerii (Jardine and Selby)
Procellaria bulwerii Jardine and Selby, 111. Orn., 2, 1828, pi. 65. (Ma-
deira.)
Bulweria hulweri pacifica Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 607.
(Iwojima, Bonin Islands.)
Breeding on islands off the coast of China; the Bonin Islands, Vulcan
Islands, the western Hawaiians and Marquesas Islands in the Pacific
Ocean; Madeira, the Salvages, Canary and Cape Verde Islands in the
Atlantic.
Bulweria macgillivrayi (G. R. Gray)
Thalassidro7na (Bulweria) Macgillivrayi G. R. Gray, Cat. Bds. Trop.
Ids. Pacific Ocean, 1859 (= I860?), p. 56. (Ngau, Fiji Islands.)
Unique.
Family HYDROBATIDAE
Genus OCEANITES Keyserling and Blasius
Oceanites Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbelth. Eur., 1, 1840, p. xciii,
131, 238. Type, by subsequent designation, Procellaria wilsonii Bo-
naparte = Procellaria oceanica Kuhl. (Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1841,
p. 99.)
cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 2, 1922, p. 243.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 11-14.
Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 38, 1918, p. 117-146.
Oceanites oceanicus oceanicus (Kuhl)
Procellaria oceanica Kuhl, Beitr. Zool., 1820, Abth. 1, p. 136, pi. 10, f. 1.
(No type locaUty. South Georgia designated by Murphy, Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 38, 1918, p. 128.)
Breeds on South Shetlands, South Orkneys, South Georgia, wintering in
the North Atlantic to Labrador, the Grand Banks and British Isles.^
?Oceanites oceanicus exasperatus Mathews
Oceanites oceanicus exasperatus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 11,
pi. 68. (New Zealand Seas.)
Breeds on Antarctica. Ranges north to India, Australia and New Cale-
donia.
Oceanites gracilis gracilis (Elliot)
Thalassidroma gracilis Elliot, Ibis, 1859, p. 391. (West coast of [South]
America.)
Breeding grounds not known.
1 Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 86 gives: "0. o. chilensis" as "breeding on
islets off Cape Horn." I am unable to find out when, where or by whom the
alleged subspecies was named. It is not citable from Alexander, since the name
is a nomen nudum at that point.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 69
Oceanites gracilis galapagoensis Lowe
Oceanites gracilis galapagoensis Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 41, 1921,
p. 140. (Charles Island, Galapagos Archipelago.)
Breeds on the Galapagos.
Genus PELAGODROMA Reichenbach
Pelagodroma Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iv. Type, by
original designation, Procellaria marina Latham.
cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 91-92.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 353.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 19-30.
Murphy, BuU. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 50, 1924, p. 233-235.
Pelagodroma marina marina (Latham)
Procellaria marina Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 826. (Southern
oceans = off the mouth of the Rio La Plata, lat. 35° S. - lat. 37° S.
fide Murphy, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 50, 1924, p. 233.)
Breeds on Tristan da Cunha and Nightingale Islands.
Pelagodroma marina hypoleuca (Webb, Berthelot and Moquin-Tandon)
Thalassidroma hypoleuca Webb, Berthelot and Moquin-Tandon, Orn.
Canarienne, 1841, p. 45. (Tenerife, Canary Islands.)
Breeds on the Salvages, Canary and Cape Verde Islands.
Pelagodroma marina maoriana Mathews
Pelagodroma marina maoriana Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 24.
(Type from Chatham Islands.)
Procellaria passerina Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 24. (Kermadec
Islands, ex Solander ms.)
Breeds in New Zealand (North Island), Auckland, Chatham and Ker-
madec Islands.
Pelagodroma marina dulciae Mathews
Pelagodroma marina dulcice Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 21.
(Breaksea Island, Southwest Australia.)
Pelagodroma marina howei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 26. (Mud
Island, Victoria.)
Breeds on the coasts of western and southern Australia.
Genus FREGETTA Bonaparte
Fregetta Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 41, 1855, p. 1113.
Type, by original designation, Thalassidroma leucogaster Gould.
Fregettornis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 31. Type, by original
designation, Procellaria grallaria VieiUot.
70 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
c/. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 356-357.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 31-36.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 108-110. (Fregetta,
Pealea, Cjonodroma.)
Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 124, 1924, p. 7-11.
Fregetta grallaria grallaria (Vieillot)
Procellaria grallaria Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., 25, 1817, p. 418.
(New South Wales, error "Juan Fernandez" designated as type lo-
caHty by Mathews, supra, 1927, p. 109.)
Breeds on Masatierra Island, Juan Fernandez group.
Fregetta grallaria titan Murphy
Fregetta grallaria titan Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 322, 1928, p. 4.
(Rapa Island, Austral group, South Pacific.)
Rapa Island and adjacent waters.
Fregetta grallaria insularis (Mathews)
Fregettornis insularis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915, p. 124. (Lord
Howe Island.)
Fregettornis alisteri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915, p. 124, (Lord
Howe Island.)
Fregettornis innominatus Mathews, Austr. Av, Rec, 2, 1915, p. 124.
(Lord Howe Island.)
Breeds on Lord Howe Island.
Fregetta royana (Mathews)
Fregettornis royanus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 86. (Lord
Howe Island.) Probably a melanism of insularis for which it would
then be an earlier name.
?Fregetta lineata (Peale)
Thalassidroma lineata Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 293. (Upolu,
Samoa.) ^
Fregetta tropica tropica (Gould)
Thalassidroma tropica Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844,
p. 366. (Atlantic Ocean in lat. 33° N., long. 18° 6' W.)
Breeds on Tristan da Cunha.
Fregetta tropica melanogaster (Gould)
Thalassidroma melanogaster Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844,
p. 367. (Southern Indian Ocean.)
Fregetta tropica australis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 86. (New
Zealand.)
1 Dr. Murphy tells me that lineata is only a phase of some species of Fregetta.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 71
Breeds on Kerguelen and the Crozets; said to breed also on the South
Shetlands, South Orkneys, South Georgia, the Falkland Islands, St. Paul
and Amsterdam Islands.
?Fregetta tubulata Mathews
Fregetta tubulata Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 42. (Near the coasts
of Australia, ex Gould Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, 1844, p. 367-
368.) 1
Genus NESOFREGETTA Mathews
Nesofregetta Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 31. Type, by original
designation, Fregetta mcestissima Salvin.
cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 108.
Murphy, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 124, 1924, p. 11-13.
Nesofregetta albigularis (Finsch)
Procellaria albigularis Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 722.
(Kandavu, Fiji Islands.)
Wregetta Amphitrite Jardine, M6m. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, 6,
1858 (1859), p. 172. (Marquesas Islands.)
Breeds on Christmas Island, the Phoenix, Marquesas and Fiji Islands;
New Hebrides.
Nesofregetta moestissima (Salvin)
Fregetta mcestissima Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 130.
(Samoan Islands.)
Unique.
Genus GARRODIA Fokbes
Garrodia Forbes, Coll. Sci. Papers of Garrod, 1881, p. 521, note. Type,
by original designation and monotypy, Thalassidroma nereis Gould.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 15-18.
— Garrodia nereis (Gould)
Thalassidroma Nereis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841),
p. 178. (Bass Strait, Australia.)
Procellaria saltatrix Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 16. (Lat. 42°
34' S., long. 185° W. = off Kaukoura, New Zealand, ex Solander ms.)
Procellaria longipes Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 17. (Off New Zea-
land, ex Solander ms.)
Oceanites nereis chubbi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 18. (Falkland
Islands.)
1 This "species" appears to have been based on a specimen of an already
known form of Fregetta in which the nasal tubes have become distorted.
72 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Oceanites nereis couesi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 18. (Kergue-
len.)
Breeds on New Zealand, Chatham, Bounty and Auckland Islands, South
Georgia, the Falkland Islands, and Kerguelen.
Genus HYDROBATES Boie
Hydrobates Boie, Isis, 1822, col. 562. Type, by subsequent designation,
Procellaria pelagica Linn6 (Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Water Bds.
No. Am., 2, 1884, p. 403).
cf. Witherby and others, Pract. Handb. Brit. Bds., 2, 1924, p. 409-412.
Hydrobates pelagicus (Linne)
Procellaria pelagica Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 131. (Restricted
type locality; coast of Sweden.)
Eastern North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, breeding on Ice-
land, the coast of Norway, small islands off the British Isles and west coast
of France and islands in the western Mediterranean. Ranges to the Red
Sea and coasts of tropical western Africa.
Genus OCEANODROMA Reichenbach
Oceanodroma Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iv. Type,
by original designation, Procellaria furcata Gmelin.
Bannermania Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 578. Type, by mono-
typy, Thalassidroma hornbyi Gray.
Pacificodroma Bianchi, Faun, de la Russ., Ois., 1, pt. 2, 1913, p. 516,
559. Type, by original designation, Thalassidroma monorhis Swinhoe.
cf. Alexander, Bds. Ocean, 1928, p. 79-81, 83-85, 87, 90.
Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 1, 1907, p. 8-40.
Oberholser, Auk, 34, 1917, p. 465-467.
Subgenus CYMOCHOREA Coues
Cymochorea Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 75. Type, by
original designation, Procellaria leucorhoa Vieillot.
Oceanodroma tethys tethys (Bonaparte)
Thalassidroma Tethys Bonaparte, Journ. f. Orn., 1, 1853, p. 47. (Gala-
pagos Islands.)
Breeds on the Galapagos Islands.
Oceanodroma tethys kelsalli (Lowe)
Thalassidroma tethys kelsalli Lowe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 46, 1925, p. 6.
(Ancon, Peru.)
Breeds on islands off the coast of Peru.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 73
Oceanodroma castro castro (Harcourt)
Thalassidroma castro Harcourt, Sketch of Madeira, 1851, p. 123. (De-
sertas Islets, Madeira.)
Breeds on Madeira, the Salvages, Azores, Cape Verdes and St. Helena.
Oceanodroma castro cryptoleucura (Ridgway)
Cymochorea cryptoleucura Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, 1882,
p. 337. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands.)
Breeds on the Hawaiian Islands.
Oceanodroma castro bangsi Nichols
Oceanodroma castro bangsi Nichols, Auk, 31, 1914, p. 389. (Lat. 1° N.,
long. 93° W.)
Breeds on the Galapagos Islands and probably Cocos Island.
Oceanodroma leucorhoa beali Emerson
Oceanodroma beali Emerson, Condor, 8, 1906, p. 54. (Sitka Bay, Alaska.)
Oceanodroma beldingi Emerson, Condor, 8, 1906, p. 54. (Netarts Bay,
coast of Oregon.)
Breeds from southeastern Alaska to the coast of Oregon.
Oceanodroma leucorhoa kaedingi Anthony
Oceanodroma kaedingi Anthony, Auk, 15, 1898, p. 37. (At sea near
Guadalupe Island, Lower California.)
Breeds on Guadalupe Island, Lower California; occurs off Lower Cali-
fornia south to Clarion and Socorro Islands.
Oceanodroma leucorhoa leucorhoa (Vieillot)
Procellaria leucorhoa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 25, 1817, p. 422.
(Maritime parts of Picardy.)
Breeds on Kurile, Commander and Aleutian Islands, coasts of Alaska,
Maine, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, So. Greenland, Iceland, Faroes and
British Isles. South in winter across the Equator.
Oceanodroma macrodactyla W. E. Bryant
Oceanodroma leucorhoa macrodactyla W. E. Bryant, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci.,
2, 1887, p. 450. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.)
Formerly bred on Guadalupe Island. Now probably extinct.
Oceanodroma markhami markhami (Salvin)
Cymochorea markhami Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1883, p. 430.
(Coast of Peru. Lat. 19° 40' S., long. 75° W.)
Occurs off coast of Peru and Chile; breeding ground not known.
74 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Oceanodroma markhami tristrami Salvin
Oceanodroma tristrami Salvin, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 347 (in
key), p. 354. (Sendai Bay, Japan.)
Japan, Laysan Island, Midway Island.
Oceanodroma owstoni (Mathews and Iredale)
Cymochorea owstoni Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1915, p. 581. (Okinose,
Sagami Sea.) ^
Oceanodroma melania melania (Bonaparte)
Procellaria melania Bonaparte, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38, 1854,
p. 662. (Coast of California.)
Breeds on islands off the coast of Lower Cahfornia (San Benito Island
and Los Coronados).
Oceanodroma melania matsudariae Kuroda
Oceanodroma melania matsudariae Kuroda, Ibis, 1922, p. 311. (Sagami
Bay, Japan.)
Breeding place unknown.
Oceanodroma monorhis monorhis (Swinhoe)
Thalassidroma monorhis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1867, p. 386. (Near Amoy,
China.)
Breeds on islands off Formosa, ranges north to Japan and south to Singa-
pore.
Oceanodroma monorhis socorroensis C. H. Townsend
Oceanodroma socorroensis C. H. Townsend, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13,
1890, p. 134. (Socorro Island, Lower California.)
Oceanodroma monorhis chapmani Berlepsch, Auk, 23, 1906, p. 185. (San
Benito Island.)
Breeds on islands off Lower California and west coast of Mexico; ranges
north to California and south to the Galapagos.
Oceanodroma homochroa (Coues)
Cymochorea homochroa Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 77.
(Farallon Islands, California.)
Breeds on the Farallon Islands, San Miguel and Santa Clara Islands,
California.
Subgenus OCEANODROMA
Oceanodroma hornbyi (G. R. Gray)
Thalassidroma Hornbyi G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1853
(1854), p. 62. (Northwest coast of America.)
1 This species may eventually prove to be the same as tristrami and will re-
place it if tristrami turns out to be unidentifiable.
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES 75
Procellaria (Oceanites) collaris R. A. Philippi, Verb. Deutsch. wiss. Ver.
Santiago, 3, pt. 1, 1895, p. 11 and plate. (Tableland east of Taltal,
CbUe.)
Breeds in tbe Cbilean Andes and occurs in tbe warm-water areas of tbe
tropical and subtropical south Pacific adjacent to the coast of South
America.
Oceanodroma furcata (Gmelin)
Procellaria furcata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 561. (Icy seas
between America and Asia.)
Breeds on Kurile, Commander and Aleutian Islands and islands off
coast of southern Alaska, Washington and northern California.
Genus HALOCYPTENA Coues
Halocyptena Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 78. Type, by
original designation, Halocyptena microsoma Coues.
of. Godman, Monogr. Petrels, pt. 1, 1907, p. 6-7.
Halocyptena microsoma Coues
Halocyptena microsoma Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 79.
(San Jos6 del Cabo, Lower California.)
Breeds on San Benito Island, Lower California; occurs on Pacific coast of
America from Lower California to Ecuador.
Family PELECANOIDIDAE
Genus PELECANOIDES LacepJide
Pelecanoides Lac^pede, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 13. Type, by monotypy,
Procellaria urinatrix Gmelin.
Porthmornis (subgen.) Murphy and Harper, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
44, 1921, p. 502, f. 2, b., p. 503 (in key), p. 513. Type, by monotypy,
Puffinuria garnotii magellani Mathews.
Pelagodyptes (subgen.) Murphy and Harper, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
44, 1921, p. 502, f . 2, c, p. 503 (in key), p. 519. Type, by monotypy,
Pelecanoides georgicus Murphy and Harper.
cf. Murphy and Harper, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 44, 1921, p. 495-554.
Pelecanoides garnotii (Lesson)
Puffinuria Garnotii Lesson, Man. d'Orn., 2, 1828, p. 394, (Coast of Peru
between Isla San Gallan and Lima.)
Puffinuria garnotii lessoni Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 239. (Coast
of Chile.)
West coast of South America from Lobos de Tierra Island, Peru to Val-
paraiso, Chile.
76 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pelecanoides magellani (Mathews)
Puffinuria garnolii magellani Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 239.
(Straits of Magellan.)
Pacific coast of South America from Trinidad channel south to Cape
Horn; Atlantic coast from Puerto Deseado south to Cape Horn.
Pelecanoides georgica Murphy and Harper
Pelecanoides georgica Murphy and Harper, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
35, 1916, p. 66. (Cumberland Bay, South Georgia.)
South Georgia; Macquarie Island.
Pelecanoides urinatrix urinatrix (Gn^elin)
Procellaria urinatrix Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 560. (Queen
Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand.)
Pelecanoides urinatrix belcheri Math. Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 84.
(Australian Seas = Victoria, ex Mathews, List Bds. Austr., 1913,
p. 41.)
Coasts of southeastern Australia; Tasmania; New Zealand.
Pelecanoides urinatrix chathamensis Murphy and Harper
Pelecanoides urinatrix chathamensis Murphy and Harper, Bull. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 65. (Chatham Islands.)
Chatham and Auckland Islands, Snares Island, Bounty Island(?), An-
tipodes Island (?)
Pelecanoides urinatrix berard (Gaimard)
Procellaria Berard Gaimard, Bull. G6n. et Univ. Ann. et Nouv. Sci., 3,
1823, p. 53. (Near the Falkland Islands.)
Breeds on the Falkland Islands; occurs off the Argentine coast from
Buenos Aires province S. to lat. 50°.
Pelecanoides urinatrix dacunhae NicoU
Pelecanoides dacunhce NicoU, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 16, 1906, p. 103.
(Tristan da Cunha.)
Breeds on Tristan da Cunha and Gough Islands.
Pelecanoides urinatrix coppingeri Mathews
Pelecanoides urinatrix coppingeri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 2, 1912, p. 238.
(Straits of Magellan. Type from Cockle Cove, Pilot Island, Trinidad
Channel, Chile.)
Breeding range not known, probably restricted to the vicinity of the type
locality.
ORDER PELECANIFORMES 77
Pelecanoides exsul Salvin
Pelecanoides exsul Salvin, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 25, 1896, p. 437 (in
key), p. 438. (Kerguelen Island, fixed by Murphy and Harper, loc.
ciL, p. 544.)
Crozet, Kerguelen and Auckland Islands.
Order PELECANIFORMES
Suborder PHAETHONTES
Family PHAETHONTIDAE
Genus PHAETHON Linne
Phaethon Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 134. Type, by subsequent
designation, Phaethon cethereus Linn^ (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840,
p. 80.)
Scoeophcethon ^ (sic) Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 56. Type, by
original designation, Phaethon rubricauda westralis Mathews (new
name for Phoenicurus Bonaparte, not Forster).
Leptophoethon ^ (sic) Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 56. Tjrpe, by
original designation, Phaethon Upturns dorotheoe Mathews (new name
for Lepturus Reichenbach, not Brisson).
cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 275-276.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 233-235.
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^thiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 17-18.
Phaethon aethereus aethereus Linn^
Phaethon cethereus Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 134. (Ascension
Island.)
Breeds on Ascension Island, Fernando Noronha and St. Helena Island.
Phaethon aethereus mesonauta Peters
Phaethon cethereus mesonauta Peters, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,
5, 1930, p. 261. (Swan Key, Almirante Bay, Panama.)
Breeds on islands off the west coast of Mexico; the Galapagos Archi-
pelago (Daphne Island) ; in Almirante Bay, Panama; off the coast of Vene-
zuela; locally in the Lesser Antilles; the Cape Verde Islands.
Phaethon aethereus limatus Peters
Phaethon cethereus limatus Peters, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5,
1930, p. 261. (Tower Island, Galapagos Islands.)
Breeds on Tower Island, Galapagos Archipelago.
^ Originally proposed as new generic name, not as a substitute.
78 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Phaethon aethereus indicus Hume
Phaeton indicus Hume, Str. Feath., 4, 1876, p. 481, 483. (Mekran
coast.)
Northern Indian Ocean — said to breed on islands in the Persian Gulf;
Dahlak Islands.
Phaethon rubricauda rubricauda Boddaert
Phaeton rubricauda Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 57. (Mauri-
tius.)
Tropical western Indian Ocean, breeding on Mauritius.
Phaethon rubricauda westralis Mathews
Phcethon (sic) rubricauda westralis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912,
p. 88. (West Australia, type from Houtman's Abrolhos.)
Breeding on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and islands off the north-
west coast of Australia.
Phaethon rubricauda roseotincta (Mathews)
ScoBophaethon rubricauda roseotincta Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 46,
1926, p. 60, new name for:
Phaethon rubricauda eruhescens Rothschild, Avif . Laysan, pt. 3, 1900,
p. 296. (Kermadec Islands) preoccupied by Phaeton erubescens Gray,
List. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1844, pt. 3, p. 182 in synonymy of P. phoenicu-
ros Gmelin.
Phaethon novaehollandiae Auct. recent., not Brandt. Cf. Hartert, supra.
Kermadec, Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands.
Phaethon rubricauda melanorhynchos Gmelin
Phaeton melanorhynchos GmeUn, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 582.
(Turtle and Palmerston Islands.)
Palmerston, Society and Turtle Islands.
Phaethon rubricauda rothschildi (Mathews)
Scceophcethon rubricauda rothschildi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 303.
(Laysan and Niihau.)
Scceophcethon rubricauda brevirostris Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915,
p. 303. (Bonin Islands, type from North Noojima.)
Benin and Hawaiian Islands.
Phaethon lepturus lepturus Daudin
Phaeton lepturus Daudin, Buffon Hist. Nat., ed. Didot, Quadr., 14,
1802, p. 319. (Mauritius.)
Indian Ocean, breeding in the Mascarene, Seychelles and Andaman
Islands.
ORDER PELECANIFORMES 79
Phaethon lepturus fulvus Brandt
Phaethon fulvus Brandt, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. P^tersb., (6), 5, 1840,
p. 269. (No type locality.)
Christmas Island,^ Indian Ocean.
Phaethon lepturus dorotheae Mathews
Phcethon lepturus dorotheae Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 7.
(Queensland.)
Breeds on islands in the southwestern Pacific.
Phaethon lepturus catesbyi Brandt
Phaethon catesbyi Brandt, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., (6), 5»
1840, p. 270. (Restricted type locality, Bermuda, Mathews, Auk, 32,
1915, p. 196.)
Breeds on Bermuda, Bahamas and locally in the Greater and Lesser
Antilles.
Phaethon lepturus ascensionis (Mathews)
Leptophcethon lepturus ascensionis Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 311.
(Ascension Island.)
Breeds on Ascension and Fernando Noronha Islands; Ilha das Cabres,
Gulf of Guinea.
Suborder PELECANI
SuPERFAMiLY PELECANOIDEA
Family PELECANIDAE
Genus PELECANUS Linne
Pelecanus Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 132. Type, by subsequent
designation, Pelecanus onocrotalus Linn^ (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840,
p. 80).
Metapelecanus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 206. Type, by
original designation, Pelecanus roseus Gmelin.
Neopelecanus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 206. Type, by
monotjTpy, Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin.
cf. Dubois, in Wytsman's Gen. Av., pt. 7, 1907, p. 1-4, 1 pi.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1402-1405.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 235-236.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 23.
» Cf. Grant, BuU. Brit. Orn. CI., 7, 1897, p. 23-34.
80 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Subgenus PELECANUS Linne
/ Pelecanus onocrotalus Linn^
Pelecanus Onocrotalus Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 132. (Africa,
Asia.)
Lakes and larger rivers of southeastern Europe east to northern India,
south to Senegal, the White Nile and Nyasaland.
/" Pelecanus roseus Gmelin
Pelecanus roseus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 570. (Manila,
P.I.)
Eastern (and central?) Asia; White Nile and coasts of South Africa;
Greater Sunda and Philippine Islands in winter.
7 Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin
Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 571. (West
Africa.)
Africa south of lat. 16° N.; southern Arabia; Madagascar.
/ Pelecanus philippensis Gmelin
Pelecanus philippensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 571. (Philip-
pine Islands.)
Coasts of India and Ceylon, Burma, Malay Peninsula and southern
China; Hainan, Java, Luzon and Mindanao.
"Y" Pelecanus crispus Bruch
Pelecanus crispus Bruch, Isis, 1832, col. 1109. (Dalmatia.)
Southeastern Europe, Sea of Azov, Caspian Sea, northern Syria, Persian
Gulf east to southeast Mongolia and China; winters south to Egypt,
northern India and southern China.
-y Pelecanus conspicillatus conspicillatus Temminck
Pelecanus conspicillatus Temminck PI. Col., livr. 47, 1824, pi. 276.
(Australia = New South Wales.)
Eastern Australia; accidental in New Zealand.
?Pelecanus conspicillatus westralis Mathews
Pelecanus conspicillatus westralis Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 244.
(Perth, West Australia.)
Tenimber Islands, New Guinea, northern and western Australia.
Subgenus CYRTOPELICANUS Reichenbach
Cyrtopelicanus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) p. vii. Type,'
by original designation, Pelecanus trachyrhynchus Latham = Pele-
canus erythrorhynchos Gmelin.
-/-
ORDER PELECANIFORMES 81
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 571.
(North America = Hudson Bay and New York, ex Latham, Syn., 3, 2,
p. 586, no. 8.)
Breeds from central British Columbia and Great Slave Lake to central
Manitoba, south to southern California and southern Texas. Winters
locally from California to Florida and southward to Panama.
Subgenus LEPTOPELICANUS Reichenbach
Leptopelicanus Reichenbach Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) p. vii. Type,
by original designation, Pelecanus fuscus Gmelin = P. occidentalis
Liane.
Pelecanus occidentalis occidentalis Linn^
Pelecanus occidentalis Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 215. (Ja-
maica, from first citation.)
Pelecanus relictus G. H. Thayer, The Sentry, Kingstown, St. Vincent,
W. I., Jan. 9, 1925. (Kingstown Harbor, St. Vincent.)
Greater and Lesser Antilles, breeding locally.
Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis Gmelin
Pelecanus carolinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. , 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 571 . (Charles-
ton Harbor, South Carolina.)
Pelecanus albicollis Maynard, Am. Sportsm., 3, 1874, p. 379. (Cedar
Keys, Florida.)
Breeds locally along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of southern United
States from North Carolina to Texas (perhaps further south).
Pelecanus occidentalis californicus Ridgway
Pelecanus (Juscus?) californicus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridg-
way, Water Bds. No. Am., 2, 1884, p. 143. (La Paz, Lower Cali-
fornia.)
Pacific coast of America from southern British Columbia south to
Ecuador and the Galapagos Archipelago.
Pelecanus occidentalis thagus Molina
Pelecanus Thagus Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chih, 1782, p. 240. (Chile.)
Pelecanus Landbecki F. Philippi, Bol. Mus. Nac. Santiago, Chile, 1, 1909,
p. 63.
Coasts of Peru and Chile south to central Chile and casually further.
82 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Family CppfjotnitJjibae
SUPERFAMILY SULOIDEA
Family ^elagomitljitiae
Family SULIDAE
Genus MORUS Vieillot
Morus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 63. Type, by monotypy, "Fou de
Bassan" Buff on = Pelecanus bassanus Linne.
Sulita Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915, p. 123. Type, by original
designation, Pelecanus bassanus Linne (new name for Morus Vieillot
on grounds of preoccupation by Morum Bolten).
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1405-1407.
Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1921, p. 76-77.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 20.
Morus bassanus (Linn6)
Pelecanus Bassanus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 133. (Scot-
land; America = Bass Rock; Scotland.)
Breeds locally on the British Isles, islands off Iceland and in North
America in islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and off Newfoundland. In
winter south to northern Africa, eastern Atlantic islands and the Gulf of
Mexico.
Morus capensis (Lichtenstein)
Dysporus capensis Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 86. (Cape of
Good Hope.)
Breeds on islands off the coasts of South Africa from Hollams Bird
Island to Algoa Bay.
Morus serrator serrator (G. R. Gray)
Pelecanus serrator G. R. Gray, in Dieffenbach, Travels in New Zealand,
2, 1843, p. 200. (Substitute name for Sula australis Gould, not
Stephens. Tasmania.)
Sula serrator dyotti Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 63. (Tas-
mania.)
Breeds on islands in Bass Strait and off Tasmania, occurring off the
coasts of Australia south of Fremantle and Brisbane.
--/ Morus serrator rex (Mathews and Iredale)
Sulita serrator rex Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr,, 1921, p. 77.
(New Zealand.)
Breeds on North Island, New Zealand.
ORDER PELECANIFORMES 83
Genus SULA Brisson
Sula, Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 60; 6, 1760, p. 494. Type, by tautonymy,
"Sula" = Sula leucogaster Boddaert.
Hemisula Mathews, Austral Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 55. Type, by original
designation, Sula leucogaster rogersi Mathews.
Parasula Mathews, Austral Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 55. Type, by original
designation, Sula dadylatra hedouti Mathews.
cj. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. S. A., 1912, p. 60.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 199-235.
Mathews and Iredale, Man. Bds. Austr., 1921, p. 71-75.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 230-232. {Sula, Piscatrix,
Parasula.)
Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 35, 1915, p. 41-45.
Sclater, Syst. Av., iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 18-19.
Sula nebouxii Milne-Edwards
Sula Nebouxii Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., (6), 13, art. 4, 1882,
p. 37, pi. 14. (Pacific coast of America.)
Breeds on islands off the coasts of Mexico, Ecuador, northern Peru and
in the Galapagos Islands.
Sula variegata (Tschudi)
Dysporus variegatus Tschudi, Fauna Per., Orn., 1845, p. 313. (Islands
off the coast of Peru.)
Breeds on islands off the coast of Peru and ranging south to Chiloe
Island, Chile.
Sula abbotti Ridgway
Sula abbotti Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 599. (Assump-
tion Island.)
Tropical Indian Ocean, breeding at Assumption and Christmas Islands.
-—/- Sula dactylatra dactylatra Lesson
Sula dactylatra Lesson, Traits d'Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 601. (Ascension
Island.) 1
Breeds locally in the West Indies and at Ascension Island.
■ — ^Sula dactylatra calif ornica Rothschild
Sula dactylatra californica Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 35, 1915,
p. 43. (San Benedicto Island, Revilla Gigedos group.)
Breeds on islands off the west coast of Mexico.
1 Sula dactylatra Lesson, Voy. 'Coquille, ' 1, 1829, p. 494 (Ascension Island)
is a nomen nudum.
84 CHECK-UST OF BIRDS OF THE WOULD
-J- Sula dactylatra granti Rothschild
S>ula granti Rothschild. Bull. Brit. Om. CI., 13, 1902, p. 7. (Galapagos
Islands, type from Culpepper Island.)
Breeds on the Galapagos Islands.
--/- Sula dactylatra personata Gould
Sida personata Gould. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1S46, p. 21. (North and
northeast coasts of Austraha = Raine Island, North Queensland.)
Breeds on islands of the central and western tropical Pacific Ocean and
off northeastern Austraha.
Sxila dactylatra bedouti Mathews
Sula dactylatra hedouti Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1913, p. 189.
(Bedout Island, southwest Austraha.)
Christmas Island, Indian Ocean to the Sunda Islands, and northern
Australia, (^'ery doubtfully distinct from personata.)
Sula dactylatra melanops Heughn
Snla melanops Heughn, Ibis, 1859, p. 351, pi. 10, f. 2 and 3. (Burda-
Rebschi, Somah coast.)
Western Indian Ocean (Assumption, Seychelles and Mascarene Islands) ;
the Red Sea and East African coasts from Lindi to Somaliland.
-y
Sula sula websteri Rothschild
Sula wehsteri Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 7, 1898, p. 52. (Clarion
Island, Re-villa Gigedos group.)
Breeds on the Galapagos Islands.
-/ Sula sula sula (Linne)
Pelecanus Sula^UmiQ, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 218. (Ascension
Island, designated by Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 216.)
Piscatrix sula autumnalu Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 22,
1919, p. 186 and plate. (South Trmidad Island.)
Breeds locally in the West Indies and on Ascension and South Trinidad
Islands.
—^ Sula sula rubripes Gould
SuJa rtibripes Gould, Sjm. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, app., p. 7. (New
South Wales = Raine Island, northern Queensland, fide Mathews.)
Islands of the Indian and tropical western and central Pacific Oceans.
-J- Sula leucogaster leucogaster (Boddaert)
Pekcanus Leucogaster Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 57, no. 973.
(Cayenne.)
1 Pelecanus piscator Linne, 1758, p. 134 is in my opinion indeterminable.
ORDER PELECANIFORMES 85
Breeds on Florida Keys (formerly), islands off the Caribbean coast of
Central America, the West Indies and the tropical Atlantic.
— /- Sula leucogaster brewsteri Goss
Sula breu-steri Goss, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 242. (San Pedro Martir Island,
GuK of California.)
Sula nesiotes HeUer and Snodgrass, Condor, 3, 1901, p. 75. (CUpperton
Island.)
Eastern Pacific from Lower California to CUpperton Island, breeding on
islands off the coast throughout its range.
—J— Sula leucogaster etesiaca Thayer and Bangs
Sida etesiaca Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, no. 5, 1905,
p. 92. (Gorgona Island.)
Islands off the Pacific coast of Central America and Colombia (Pearl
Islands, Cocos, Saboga and Gorgonilla Islands) and probably also the
Galapagos Islands.
-J— Sula leucogaster plotus Forster
Pelecamis Plotus Forster, Descr. Anim., ed. Licht., 18-14, p. 278. (Near
New Caledonia.)
Western and central tropical Pacific to northeastern Australia.
Sula leucogaster rogersi Mathews
Suia leucogaster rogersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1913, p. 189.
(Bedout Island, West AustraHa.)
Java to northern Australia. (Probably the same as plotus.)
Family PHALACROCORACIDAE
Genus PHALACROCORAX Brissox
Phalacrocorax Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 60. Type, by tautonjmy, Pha-
lacrocorax = Pelecanus carbo Linne.
Mesocarbo !Mathews and Iredale, Ibis. 1913, p. 415. T\'pe, by original
designation, Carbo sulcirostris Brandt.
Pseudocarbo Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 205. T}-pe, by
original designation, Pelecanus capensis Sparrman.
Anacarbo Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8. 1922, p. 205. Type, by original
designation, Gracidu-s neglectm Wahlberg.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1386-1399.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 161-192.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927. p. 224-229.
Murphy, BuU. Am. :Mus. Xat. Hist.. 25, 1916, p. 31-48.
OUver, Xew Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 174-201.
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^thiop., pt. 1, 1924. p. 20-21.
-/-
86 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Phalacrocorax auritus cincinatus (Brandt)
Carbo cincinatus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. P^tersb., 3, 1837,
col. 55. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.)
Breeds on the Pacific coast of North America from the Alaska Peninsula
and Kadiak Island south to Washington. In winter south to California.
Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus Ridgway
Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 2,
1884, p. 94. (Pacific coast of the United States from California to
Cape St. Lucas = FaraUon Islands, California.)
Western United States from Oregon, Nevada and Utah to southern
Lower California and Arizona; ReviUa Gigedo Islands.
Phalacrocorax auritus auritus (Lesson)
Carbo auritus Lesson, Traite d' Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 605. (New Zea-
land, error = North America.)
Breeds from central Saskatchewan, northern Ontario and Newfoundland
south to northern Utah, middle Mississippi valley and eastern Maine.
Winters from Virginia to the Gulf Coast.
Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus (Audubon)
Carbo floridanus Audubon, Bds. Am. (folio ed.) 3, 1835, pi. 252. (Florida
Keys.)
Breeds in North Carolina, Florida, Louisiana, the Bahamas and the Isle
of Pines. Winters throughout its breeding range, except in the Carolinas.
-~/ Phalacrocorax olivaceus mexicanus (Brandt)
Carbo mexicanus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. P^tersb., 3, 1837,
col. 56. (Mexico.)
Northwestern Mexico to Louisiana and south to northern Nicaragua;
the Bahamas, Cuba and the Isle of Pines.
■—; Phalacrocorax olivaceus olivaceus ^ (Humboldt)
Pelecanus olivaceus Humboldt, in Humboldt and Bonpland, "Rec.
d'Observ. Zool. et d'Anat. Comp., " 1805, p. 6. (Banks of the Magda-
lena River, lat. 8° 55' N., Colombia.)
Coasts, lakes and rivers of Central and South America from Nicaragua to
Tierra del Fuego.
— y Phalacrocorax sulcirostris sulcirostris (Brandt)
Carbo sulcirostris Brandt, Bull. Sci. Imp. Acad. Sci. St. P^tersb., 3, 1837,
col. 56. (Terrae australes = New South Wales?)
Eastern, southern and southwestern Australia.
1 Olim vigua. Cf. Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 39, 1926, p. 142.
ORDER PELECANIFORMES 87
Phalacrocorax sulcirostris territori (Mathews)
Mesocarbo ater territori Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 176. (Hermit
BQll, Northern Territory.)
Southern Borneo through the Moluccas to New Guinea, Kei and Aru
Islands to Northwest Austraha and Northern Territory.
Phalacrocorax sulcirostris purpuragula (Peale)
Carbo purpuragula Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 269. (Manua
Bay, New Zealand.)
New Zealand, known only from the Bay of Islands.
Phalacrocorax carbo carbo Linn6
Pelecanus Carbo Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 133. ("Europe."
Restricted to the "rock-nesting form of North Atlantic Ocean,"
Hartert, antea, p. 1387.)
Breeds in North America from Labrador to Nova Scotia; Greenland;
Iceland; in Europe on the Faroes and the Norwegian coast to the Kola
Peninsula; British Isles. Generally resident in winter, south occasionally to
Long Island, Lake Ontario and eastern Atlantic islands.
7*-~ Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis ^ (Shaw)
Pelecanus sinensis Shaw, Nat. Misc., 13, 1801, pi. 529, text. (China.)
Phalacrocorax carbo indicus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 171.
(India.)
Central and southern Europe east to China and India.
-; Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae Kuroda
Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae Kuroda, Tori, 4, 1925, 348 and col. pi. of
head. (Haneda, Province of Shimosa, Japan.)
Breeds in Japan and probably also Saghalin, the Kuriles, Quelpart
Island and Korea.
'7— Phalacrocorax carbo maroccanus Hartert
Phalacrocorax carbo maroccanus Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 16, 1906,
p. 110. (Shorf Elbaz, west coast of Morocco.)
West coast of Morocco from Cape Blanco to Mogador.
Phalacrocorax carbo lugubris Riippell
Phalacrocorax lugubris Riippell, Syst. Uebers. Vog. N. 0. Air., 1845,
p. 134, pi. 50. (Abyssinia.)
Northeastern Africa south to the central African lakes.
^ Carbo svhcormoranus Brehm is a synonym, cf. Ticehurst, Ibis, 1923, p.
459; Stresemann, Abh. u. bericht Mus. Dresden, 16, no. 2, 1923, p. 65; Bangs
and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Z06I., 68, no. 7, 1928, p. 326.
88 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus (Lichtenstein)
H aliens lucidus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 86. (Cape of Good
Hope.)
The Cape Verde Islands and coasts of Africa from Senegal on the west
and the Tana River on the east south to Cape Province.
Phalacrocorax carbo novsehoUandiae Stephens
Phalacrocorax Novce Hollandice Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. ZooL, 13, pt. 1,
1826, p. 93. (New South Wales.)
Carbo carbo westralis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 33. (Swan
River, Southwest Australia.)
Phalacrocorax carbo gracemeri Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 167.
(Gracemere, Queensland.)
Australia and Tasmania.
Phalacrocorax carbo steadi (Mathews and Iredale)
Carbo carbo steadi Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 411. (New Zea-
land.)
New Zealand.
'"/'Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Stephens
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. ZooL, 13, pt. 1, 1826,
p. 91. (Bengal.)
India, Ceylon, Assam and Burma.
Phalacrocorax capensis (Sparrman)
Pelecanus capensis Sparrman, Mus. Carls., fasc. 3, 1788, no. 61 and pi.
(False Bay, Cape of Good Hope.)
Coasts of South Africa north to the Congo and Natal.
Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes
Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes, Bull. Liverp.
Mus., 2, 1899, p. 3. (Socotra.)
Socotra Island, coasts of the Gulf of Aden and islands in the Persian
Gulf.
Phalacrocorax neglectus (Wahlberg)
Graculus neglectus Wahlberg, (Efv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., Stockholm, 12,
1855, p. 214. (Islands off the coast of southwest Africa.)
Coasts of South Africa from Namaqualand to Simon's Bay.
— f Phalacrocorax capillatus (Temminck and Schlegel)
Carbo capillatus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold's Faun. Jap. Aves.,
1850, pi. 83. (Japan.)
Japan, Korea, Quelpart Island.
ORDER PELECANIFORMES 89
—f^ Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt)
Carho penicillatus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., 3,
1837, col. 55. (Type locality not given.)
Pacific coast of North America from Vancouver Island to Cape San
Lucas.
-A Phalacrocorax aristotelis aristotelis ^ (Linne)
Pelecanus aristotelis Linne, Fn. Svec, 1761, p. [xxiii], based on no. 146.
(Sweden.)
Coasts of Iceland and Norway to the Murman coast, the Faroes, rocky
coasts of the British Isles, Channel Islands and the west coast of France,
Portugal and Spain.
—/■' Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii (Payraudeau)
Carbo Desmarestii Payraudeau, Ann. Sci. Nat., 8, 1826, p. 464. (Coasts
of Sardinia, etc.)
Islands and rocky coasts of the Mediterranean from the Balearic Islands
to Greece; the Adriatic Sea; uncommon in northern Africa.
Phalacrocorax aristotelis riggenbachi Hartert
Phalacrocorax graculus riggenbachi Hartert, Nov. Zool., 30, 1923, p. 132.
(Cape Blanco north, west coast of Morocco.)
West coast of Morocco from Mogador to Cape Blanco north.
-~v~. Phalacrocorax pelagicus pelagicus Pallas
Phalacrocorax pelagicus Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 303.
(East Kamchatka and the Aleutian Islands.)
Breeds on Chuckchee Peninsula, Kamchatka, the Commander, Kurile
and Aleutian Islands, coasts and islands of northwestern North America
from Norton Sound to central-south Alaska. South in winter to Japan and
China on the west and to Puget Sound on the east.
— ^-Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens Audubon
Phalacrocorax resplendens Audubon, Bds. Am. (folio ed.), 4, 1838, pi. 412,
left hand f. 1. (Cape Disappointment, Washington.)
Pacific coast of North America from Washington to Cape San Lucas and
Mazatlan.
fPhalacrocorax perspicillatus Pallas
Phalacrocorax perspicillatus Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, 1811, p. 305.
(Bering Island.)
Bering Island. Extinct since 1852, five specimens in existence.
1 Olim graculus; for change of name of. Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av.
Rec, 6, 1923, p. 48.
90 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
— i-- Phalacrocorax urile (Gmelin)
Pelecanus Urile Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 575. (Kamchatka.)
Kamchatka!! seacoast, Kuriles, Commai!der Islands, islands in Bering
Sea, PribUov and Aleutian Islands.
I Phalacrocorax magellanicus (Gmelin)
Pelecanus magellanicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 576.^
(Tierra del Fuego and Staten Island.)
Coasts of southern South America from Chiloe Island on the west to
Santa Cruz on the east; Falkland Islands.
Phalacrocorax bougainvillii (Lesson)
Carbo Bougainvillii Lesson, Voy. 'Thetis et de L'Esp^rance,' 2, 1837,
p. 331. (Valparaiso, Chile.)
West coast of South America from Punta Parinas, Peru to Corral, Chile.
Phalacrocorax featherstoni Buller
Phalacrocorax featherstoni Buller, Ibis, 1873, p. 90. (Chatham Islands.)
Chatham Islands.
Phalacrocorax varius varius (Gmelin)
Pelecanus varius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 576. (Queen
Charlotte Sound, New Zealand.)
New Zealand.
Phalacrocorax varius perthi (Mathews)
Carbo varius perthi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 88. (Perth,
West Australia.)
Hypoleucus varius whitei Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 187. (Lake
Albert, South Australia.)
Southern Australia; Tasmania?
/ Phalacrocorax fuscescens (Vieillot)
Hydrocorax fuscescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 86.
("Australasie.")
Carbo gouldi tunneyi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 88. (South-
western Australia.)
Southern Australia and Tasmania.
1 Carbo ater Lesson is based on a young bird of this species, probably taken
on the Falkland Islands. The type locality "Shark Bay, West Australia"
is erroneous. Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Paris (2), 1, 1929, p. 64.
ORDER PELECANIFORMES 91
Phalacrocorax carunculatus carunculatus (Gmelin)
Pelecanus carunculatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 576. (Queen
Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand and Staten Island, ex
Latham.)
Marlborough Sounds District, South Island, New Zealand.
Phalacrocorax carunculatus chalconotus (G. R. Gray)
Graculus chalconotus^ G. R. Gray, Voy. 'Erebus' and 'Terror,' Birds,
1845, p. 20, pi. 21. (Otago, South Island, New Zealand.)
Southern part of South Island (Otago) ; Stewart Island, New Zealand.
'~~ Phalacrocorax carunculatus onslowi Forbes
Phalacrocorax onslowi Forbes, Ibis, 1893, p. 533. (Chatham Islands.)
Chatham Islands.
Phalacrocorax carunculatus ranfurlyi Ogilvie-Grant
Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 11, 1901,
p. 66. (Bounty Islands.)
Bounty Islands.
Phalacrocorax carunculatus colensoi Buller
Phalacrocorax colensoi Buller, Bds. New Zealand, ed. 2, 2, 1888, p. 161.
(Auckland Islands.)
Auckland Islands.
Phalacrocorax carunculatus campbelli (Filhol)
Urile campbelli Filhol, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 2, 1878, p. 132. (Camp-
bell Island.)
Campbell Island.
Phalacrocorax verrucosus (Cabanis)
Halieus (Hypoleucus) verrucosus Cabanis, Journ. f . Orn., 23, 1875, p. 450.
(Kerguelen.)
Kerguelen.
J- Phalacrocorax gaimardi (Lesson)
Pelecanus Gaimardi "Garnot" Lesson, Man. d'Orn., 2, June, 1828,
p. 373. (Callao Bay, Peru.)
Phalacrocorax cirriger King, Zool. Journ., 4, July 1828, p. 103. (Straits
of Magellan.)
Coasts of Peru and Chile south to the Straits of Magellan and east
coast of Patagonia.
^ Phalacrocorax huttoni Buller, 1888 and P. stewarti Og.-Grant, 1899 are
synonyms.
92 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Phalacrocorax punctatus punctatus (Sparrman)
Pelicanus (sic) punctatus Sparrman, Mus. Carls., fasc. 1, 1786, no. 10 and
pi. (Queen Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand.)
Sticticarbo punctatus sassi Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 50, 1929, p. 19.
(North Island, New Zealand.)
North and South Islands, New Zealand.
Phalacrocorax punctatus oliveri Mathews
Sticticarbo steadi Oliver, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 61, 1930, p. 139.
(Otago, South Island, New Zealand.)
Phalacrocorax oliveri Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 51, 1930, p. 18.
(New name for Sticticarbo steadi Oliver, not Carbo carbo steadi
Mathews and Iredale.)
Stewart Island; occasional at Otago, South Island, New Zealand.
Phalacrocorax atriceps atriceps King
Phalacrocorax atriceps King, Zool. Journ., 4, 1828, p. 102. (Straits of
Magellan.)
Coasts of southern South America from Corral, Chile (west) and Rio
Santa Cruz (east) to Tierra del Fuego; South Shetlands.
Phalacrocorax atriceps traversi Rothschild
Phalacrocorax traversi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 8, 1898, p. 21.
(Macquarie Island.)
Macquarie Island.
'/ Phalacrocorax albiventer albiventer (Jjesson)
Carbo albiventer Lesson, Traits d'Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 604. (Falkland
Islands.)
Coast of Patagonia from Puerto San JuUan southward; Tierra del
Fuego; Fallcland Islands.
Phalacrocorax (albiventer) georgianus Lonnberg
Phalacrocorax atriceps georgianus Lonnberg, Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad.
Handl., 40, no. 5, 1906, p. 69. (South Georgia.)
South Georgia.
Phalacrocorax albiventer vanhofifeni Reichenow
Phalacrocorax vanhoffeni Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 46.
(Crozet Island.)
Crozets.
ORDER PELECANIFORMES 93
Genus HALIETOR Heine
Halietor Heine, Journ. f . Orn., 8, 1860, p. 202. Type, by original desig-
nation, Pelecanus pygmeus Pallas.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, p. 1396-1398.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 228.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 21.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 280-281.
—/- Halietor melanoleucos melanoleucos (Vieillot)
Hydrocorax melanoleucos Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 88.
(" Australasie," restricted type locality, New South Wales fide
Mathews.)
Southern Australia and Tasmania.
~y^ Halietor melanoleucos melvillensis (Mathews)
Carbo melanoleucus melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 74.
(Melville Island.)
Lesser Sunda Islands, New Guinea, Moluccas, Pelew Islands, Solomon
Islands, Santa Cruz group, northern Australia.
~^ Halietor melanoleucos brevirostris (Gould)
Phalacrocorax brevirostris Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 26.
(No locality given = New Zealand.)
New Zealand.
— -/- Halietor africanus africanus (Gmelin)
Pelecanus africanus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 577. (Africa.)
Phalacrocorax africanus menegauxi Millet-Horsin, Rev. Fran. d'Orn., 7,
1921, p. 177. (Togo.)
Coasts and inland waters of Africa from Gambia and Upper Egypt to
Cape Province.
— f Halietor africanus pictilis (Bangs)
Phalacrocorax africanus pictilis Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, no.
14, 1918, p. 500. (Miandrivazo, Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
Halietor niger (Vieillot)
Hydrocorax niger Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 8, 1817, p. 88. (East
Indies = Bengal.)
India, Ceylon, Indo-Burmese countries, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra,
Java and Borneo.
94 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
'"/ Halietor pygmeus (Pallas)
Pelecanus pygmeus Pallas, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reich, 2, 1773,
p. 712, pi. G. (Caspian Sea.)
Hungary, the Balkan States, Black and Caspian Seas, Transcaspia,
Palestine, Persia and Afganistan; Algeria.
Genus NANNOPTERUM Sharpe
Nannopterum Sharpe, Handlist of Birds, 1, 1899, p. 235. Type, by
monotypy, Phalacrocorax harrisi Rothschild.
"' 7 Wannopterum harrisi (Rothschild)
Phalacrocorax harrisi Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 7, 1898, p. 52.
(Narborough Island, Galapagos Islands.)
Narborough and Albemarle Islands, Galapagos Archipelago.
Family ANHINGIDAE
Genus ANHINGA Brisson
Anhinga Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 60; 6, 1760, p. 476. Type, by tau-
tonymy and monotypy, Anhinga [anhinga] Brisson = Plotus anhinga
Linne.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1399-1401.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 193-198.
Stuart Baker, Faun. Brit. Ind. ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 282-283.
Anhinga rufa chantrei (Oustalet)
Plotus Chantrei Oustalet, Ann. Sci. Nat., ZooL, (6), 13, 1882, art. 7, p. 7,
8. (Lake of Antioch.)
Lake of Antioch and marshes of the lower Tigris and Euphrates.
v Anhinga rufa rufa (Daudin)
Plotus rufus Daudin, Buffon Hist. Nat., ed. Didot, Quadr., 14, 1802,
p. 319. (Senegal.)
Senegal and Suakim, south to the Cape of Good Hope.
'\ Anhinga rufa vulsini Bangs
Anhinga vulsini Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, 1918, no. 14, p. 501.
(Maevetanana, Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
I Anhinga melanogaster Pennant
Anhinga melanogaster Pennant, Indian Zool., 1769, p. 13, pi. 12. (Ceylon
and Java.)
Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, Borneo, Java, Philippines and Celebes.
ORDER PELECANIFORMES 95
Anhinga novaehoUandiae (Gould)
Plotiis Novae Hollandiae Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847, p. 34.
(Rivers of the whole of the southern coast of Australia.)
Plotus novae-hollandiae derbyi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 74.
(Derby, Northwest Australia.)
New Guinea, Australia. Accidental in New Zealand.
Anhinga anhinga (Linn^)
Plotus anhinga Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 218. (Brazil.)
United States from Texas, southern Illinois and North Carolina south
through tropical Mexico and Central America, Cuba, Isle of Pines, tropical
South America, to southern Brazil and northern Argentina.
Suborder FREGATAE
Family FREGATIDAE
Genus FREGATA LacepJide
Fregata Lac^pede, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 15. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion, Pelecanus aquila Linne. (Daudin, Hist. Nat. Buffon, ed. Didot,
Quadr., 14, 1802, p. 317.)
Parvifregata Mathews, Bds. Austr., suppl., 1, 1920, p. 64. Type, by
original designation, Attagen ariel G. R. Gray.
cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 274-275.
Lowe, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 299-313.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 236-290.
Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 117-121.
RothschUd, Nov. Zool., 22, 1915, p. 145-146.
Fregata aquila Linn^
Pelecanm Aquilus Linn4, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 133. (Ascension
Island.)
Ascension Island.
Fregata andrewsi Mathews
Fregata andrewsi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 120. (Christmas
Island, Indian Ocean.)
Christmas, Cocos Keeling and Anamba Islands and off the coasts of
Sarawak, Celebes and India.
Fregata magnificens magnificens Mathews
Fregata minor magnificens Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 120.
(Barrington, Indefatigable and Albemarle Islands, Galapagos. Type
from Barrington Island.)
Breeds on the Galapagos Islands and Pearl Islands, ranging over the
tropical eastern Pacific.
96 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Fregata magnificens rothschildi Mathews
Fregata minor rothschildi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, p. 280. (Aruba,
Dutch West Indies.)
Southern Florida, West Indies, Caribbean coast of Mexico and Central
America, coast and islands of northern South America.
Fregata magnificens lowei Bannerman
Fregata magnificens lowei Bannerman, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 48, 1927,
p. 12. (Boa Vista, Cape Verde Islands.)
Cape Verde Islands and the Gambian coast.
Fregata minor aldabrensis Mathews
Fregata minor aldabrensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 199.
(Aldabra Island.)
Western Indian Ocean, breeding on the Seychelles and on Aldabra.
Fregata minor minor (Gmelin)
Pelecanus minor Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 572. (No type
locality. Fixed as eastern half of the Indian Ocean by Rothschild,
antea, p. 145 and further restricted to Christmas Island, Indian Ocean,
by Lowe, antea, p. 306.)
Fregata minor listeri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 119. (Christ-
mas Island, Indian Ocean.)
Eastern Indian Ocean. Breeds on Christmas Island and Paracels Reef
in the China Sea,
Fregata minor peninsulae Mathews
Fregata minor peninsulae Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 44, 1923, p. 15.
(North Queensland.)
Fregata minor mathewsi Lowe, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 309. (Raine
Island, North Queensland.)
Caroline (?) and Marshall (?) Islands south to New Guinea and Queens-
land.
Fregata minor palmerstoni Gmelin
Pelecanus Palmerstoni ^ Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 573. (Pal-
merston Island, Pacific Ocean.)
Laysan Island and Hawaiian Islands, south to New Zealand.
Fregata minor ridgwayi Mathews
Fregata minor ridgwayi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 120. (Cul-
pepper and Wenman Islands, Galapagos. Type from Culpepper
Island.)
Galapagos Islands.
^ Fregata strumosa Hartert is a synonym.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 97
Fregata minor nicoUi Mathews
Fregata minor nicolli Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 118. (South
Trinidad Island.)
Fregata minor januaria Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 22,
1919, p. 186. (Littoral of Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Santos.)
South Trinidad Island, Atlantic Ocean.
Fregata ariel iredalei Mathews
Fregata ariel iredalei Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 121. (Al-
dabra Island.)
Western Indian Ocean, breeding on Aldabra.
Fregata ariel ariel (G. R. Gray)
Atagen (sic) Ariel G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1845, col. pi. [185]. (Raine
Island fixed as type locality by Mathews, 1914, p. 121.)
Fregata ariel tunnyi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 121. (Bedout
Island, Northwest Australia.)
China Coast and Philippines to the Moluccas, Admiralty and Fiji
Islands to tropical Australia. Breeds on islands off northern Australia and
New Caledonia and in the South Pacific.
Fregata ariel trinitatis Ribeiro
Fregata ariel trinitatis Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 22, 1919,
p. 192. (South Trinidad Island.)
Fregata ariel wilsoni Lowe, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 311. (South Trini-
dad Island.)
South Trinidad Island.
Suborder 0tKmtQpttxpqti
Family (^tiontopterpsilrae
Order CICONIIFORMES
Suborder ARDEAE
Family ARDEIDAE
Subfamily ARDEINAE
Genus ARDEA Linne
Ardea Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 141. Type, by subsequent
designation, Ardea cinerea Linne (Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 60).
Myola Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1913, p. 195. Type, by original
designation, Ardea pacifica Latham.
98 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Ajrardea Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 203. Type, by original
designation, Ardea melanocephala Vigors and Children.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1229-1235.
Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43, 1912, p. 531-559.
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^thiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 23-24.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 336-344.
Subgenus ARDEA Linnie
~/ Ardea sumatrana sumatrana Raffles
Ardea Sumatrana Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 2, 1822,
p. 325. (Sumatra.)
Burma and the Malay Peninsula to Borneo, the Philippines, the Sunda
Islands, Moluccas and New Guinea.
Ardea sumatrana mathewsae Mathews
Ardea sumatrana mathewsoe Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 230.
(Cooktown, Queensland.)
Ardea sumatrana gilberti Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 230. (Derby,
Northwest Australia.)
Northern Australia.
Ardea imperialis Stuart Baker
Ardea imperialis Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 49, 1928, p. 40. (New
name for Ardea insignis Hume (Sikkim Terai, Bhutan Doars, etc.), ex
Hodgson, nomen nudum not available.
Sikkim to Arakan.
-/
-/
Ardea goliath Cretzschmar
Ardea goliath Cretzschmar, in Riippell's Atlas, 1826, Vogel, p. 39, pi. 26.
(White Nile, Bahhar Abiad.)
Africa from Senegal and the Egyptian Sudan to Cape Province; not in-
frequent in India.
Ardea humbloti Milne-Edwards and Grandidier
Ardea humbloti Milne-Edwards and Grandidier, Hist. Nat. Madagascar,
Ois., 1, 1885, p. 546. (Eastern Madagascar.)
East coast of Madagascar; Aldabra Island (?).
Ardea melanocephala Vigors and Children
Ardea melanocephala Anon. [= Vigors and Children] in Denham and
Clapperton's Travels, 2, 1826, app. p. xxi, 201. (Lake Chad?)
Africa from Gambia and the Sudan to Cape Province; Madagascar.
ORDKR CICONIIFORMES 99
'/' Ardea cinerea cinerea Linn^
Ardea cinerea Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 143. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden. C/. Hartert, antea, p. 1229.)
Breeds in the greater part of Europe and Asia to western China; scat-
tered localities in Africa; the Canary Islands. Winters in the Mediter-
ranean countries and in Africa. Casual in northwest India. Accidental in
Iceland and Greenland.
"T'^Ardea cinerea jouyi Clark
Ardea cinerea jouyi Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p. 468. (Seoul,
Korea.)
East Siberia, eastern China, Japan, Formosa and Hainan.^
/ Ardea cinerea firasa Hartert
Ardea cinerea firasa ^ Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 38, 1917, p. 6. (Mada-
gascar. Type from the Antinosy Country.)
Aldabra, Madagascar and probably the Comoros.
/~Ardea herodias fannini Chapman
Ardea herodias fannini Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14, 1901,
p. 87. (Skidegate, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands.)
Permanent resident of the Pacific coast region from southern Alaska
south to Washington.
"7 Ardea herodias hyperonca Oberholser
Ardea herodias hyperonca Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43, 1912,
p. 550. (Baird, Shasta Co., California.)
Permanent resident of the Pacific coast region of Oregon and California.
''Ardea herodias treganzai Court
Ardea herodias treganzai Court, Auk, 25, 1908, p. 291. (Egg Island,
Great Salt Lake, Utah.)
Breeds in western United States west of the Cascades and Sierras east to
the Great Plains; northwestern Mexico. Winters from Arizona to Texas
and south into northwestern Mexico.
' Ardea herodias herodias Linn^
Ardea Herodias Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 143. (America =
Hudson Bay, ex Edwards.)
1 The Gray Herons breeding from Mesopotamia to western China are
slightly paler than the European specimens, but are nearer to such examples
than to the pale bird of extreme eastern Asia. Gould's leucophaea is available for
this poorly differentiated intermediate form which in my opinion is not worth
recognizing by name.
^ For reason for adopting this name over Ardea johannae Gmelin, of. Hartert,
Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 272.
100 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds from Alberta east to the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Magdalen
Islands) southeast through eastern North and South Dlakota, central
Iowa, northern Illinois, southern Indiana, eastern Kentucky and Tennessee
to southeastern South Carolina. Winters from southern United States
south to Panama.
Ardea herodias wardi Ridgway
Ardea wardi Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI., 7, 1882, p. 5. (Oyster
[ = Estero] ^ Bay, Florida.)
Breeds from eastern Kansas and eastern Texas east to the middle
Mississippi Valley in southern Illinois and southwestern Indiana, east to
southeastern South Carolina, south to the Gulf of Mexico and Florida.
Winters in the southern part of its range.
Ardea herodias oligista Oberholser
Ardea herodias oligista Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43, 1912,
p. 553. (San Clemente Island, California.)
Resident on the Santa Barbara Islands, California.
Ardea herodias sanctilucae Thayer and Bangs
Ardea herodias sancti-lucce Thayer and Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI.,
4, 1912, p. 83. (Espiritu Santo Island, Lower California.)
Resident on the coasts and islands of Lower California from lat. 27*
southward.
Ardea herodias lessonii Wagler
Ardea Lessonii Wagler, Isis, 1831, col. 531. (Mexico, restricted to the
Valley of Mexico, Oberholser, antea, p. 556.)
North-central and southern Mexico from Chihuahua to Campeche.
Ardea herodias adoxa Oberholser
Ardea herodias adoxa Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43, 1912, p. 544.
(Island of Curagao.)
Said to breed on Inagua Island (Bahamas), Cuba, Isle of Pines and
Jamaica. Migrant to other West Indian islands.
Ardea herodias cognata Bangs
Ardea herodias cognata Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI., 3, 1903, p. 100.
(Indefatigable Island, Galapagos.)
Permanent resident on the Galapagos Islands.
Ardea occidentalis occidentalis Audubon
Ardea occidentalis Audubon, Bds. Am., folio ed., 3, 1835, pi. 281. (Keys
near Key West, Florida.)
Breeds in the coastal swamps of extreme southern Florida and on the
Florida Keys.
1 Cf. Holt, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 266-267.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 101
~7 Ardea occidentalis repens Bangs and Zappey
Ardea repens Bangs and Zappey, Am. Nat., 39, 1905, p. 186. (Cienaga,
Isle of Pines.)
Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica.
(Some form of Ardea occidentalis occurs in Yucatan).
-7^ Ardea cocci Linn^
Ardea Cocoi Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 237. (Cayenne.)
The greater part of South America, south to Chubut, Argentina. Occa-
sional on the Falkland Islands.
""/ Ardea pacifica Latham
Ardea pacifica Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. 45. (New South
Wales.) "
Notophoyx pacifica alexandrae Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 231.
(Alexandra, Northern Territory.)
Australia and Tasmania.
Subgenus PYRRHERODIA Finsch and Hartlaub
Pyrrherodia Finsch and Hartlaub, Vog. Ost-Afr., 1870, p. 676. Type,
by monotypy, Ardea purpurea Linn6.
"T Ardea purpurea purpurea Linn6
Ardea purpurea Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 236. ("In Ori-
ente.")
Breeds in middle (rarely) and southern Europe east to Persia; Africa.
European birds winter in Africa.
—/ Ardea purpurea madagascariensis van Oort
Ardea purpurea madagascariensis van Oort, Notes Leyden Mus., 32,
1910, p. 83. (Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
Ardea purpurea manilensis Meyen
Ardea purpurea var manilensis Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.
Carol., 16, suppl., 1834, p. 102. (Philippines.)
Breeding in India, Ceylon, Burma, China south of the Yangtze and Riu
Kiu Islands south to the Philippines, Greater Sunda Islands and Celebes.
Ardea purpurea ussuriana (Shulpin)
Phoyx purpurea ussuriana Shulpin, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. URSS.,
28, 1928, p. 399. (Mouth of the Lefu River, Chanka Lake, Ussuri-
land.)
Breeds in southern Ussuriland; winter range not known.
-\
102 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus NOTOPHOYX Sharps
Notophoyx Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Gl., 5, 1895, p. 13. Type, by original
designation, Ardea novoehollandice Latham.
Tonophoyx Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1913, p. 195. Type, by original
designation, Notophoyx flavirostris Sharpe = Ardea picata Gould.
cf. Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1913, p. 195.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 196-198.
7 Notophoyx novaehollandiae (Latham)
Ardea novce Hollandice Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 701. (New South
Wales.)
Notophoyx novaehollandiae parryi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 231.
(Parry's Creek, Northwest Australia.)
Lesser Sunda Islands from Lombok eastward; Celebes, Timor, New
Caledonia, Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand,
Notophoyx picata (Gould)
Ardea (Herodias) picata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 62.
(Port Essington, Northern Territory.)
Ardea aruensis G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 188. (Aru
Islands.)
Tonophoyx aruensis normani Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915, p. 126.
(Normanton, Queensland.)
Celebes, Timorlaut, southern Moluccas, New Guinea, Aru Islands and
Northern Australia.
Genus PILHERODroS Bonaparte
Pilherodius Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 139. Type, by mono-
typy, Ardea alba var. /3 Gmelin = Ardea pileata Boddaert.
cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 174-175.
T Pilherodius pileatus (Boddaert)
Ardea pileata Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (Cayenne, ex
PI. enlum., no. 907.)
Eastern Panama to eastern Peru and Brazil south to Santa Catharina.
Genus BUTORIDES Bltth
Butorides Blyth, Cat. Bds. Mus. As. Soc 1849, (1852), p. 281. Type, by
monotypy, Ardea javanica Horsfield.
Tohurides Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1913, p. 195. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Butorides rogersi Mathews.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1249-1251.
Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912, p. 529-577.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 103
~f- Butorides virescens anthonyi (Mearns)
Ardea virescens anthonyi Mearns, Auk, 12, 1895, p. 257. (Seven Wells,
Salton River, northern Lower California.)
Butorides virescens eremonomus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42,
1912, p. 546. (San Diego, Chihuahua.)
Arid regions of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
In winter south to Lower California and western Mexico.
/ Butorides virescens frazari (Brewster)
Ardea virescens frazari Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 83. (La Paz, Lower
California.)
Southern Lower California.
"7 Butorides virescens virescens (Linne)
Ardea virescens Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 144. (America.
Restricted to the coast of South Carolina by Oberholser, op. cit.,
p. 534.)
Butorides saturatus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1888, p. 577.
(Swan Island, Caribbean Sea.)
Breeds in eastern North America from northeastern South Dakota,
central Minnesota, southern Ontario and central Nova Scotia south to
eastern Mexico and Florida. Winters in the southeastern United States
and through Mexico and Central America to Panama.
~~^ Butorides virescens bahamensis (Brewster)
Ardea bahamensis Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, p. 83. (Watlings Island,
Bahamas.)
Bahama Islands.
Butorides virescens maculatus (Boddaert)
Cancroma maculata Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (Marti-
nique, ex PI. enlum., no. 912.)
Ardea brunescens (sic) "Gundlach" Lembeye, Av. Cuba, 1850, p. 84,
pi. 12. (Cuba.)
Butorides virescens cubanus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912,
p. 557. (Palmarito, Oriente, Cuba.)
Butorides virescens christophorensis Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
42, 1912, p. 561. (St. Kitts, West Indies.)
Butorides virescens dominicanus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42,
1912, p. 562. (Roseau, Dominica.)
Butorides virescens lucianus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912,
p. 565. (Castries, St. Lucia.)
104 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Butorides nirescens harbadensis Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42,
1912, p. 567. (Joe's River, Barbados.)
Butorides virescens grenadensis Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42,
1912, p. 568. (Grenada.)
Butorides virescens tohagensis Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912,
p. 571. (Tobago.)
Butorides virescens hypernotius Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42,
1912, p. 549. (Rio Indio, Canal Zone.)
Ranges throughout the West Indies and the east coast of Central
America from southern Guatemala to the Canal Zone.
Butorides virescens mesatus Oberholser
Butorides virescens mesatus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42, 1912,
p. 548. (Managua, Nicaragua.)
Western Nicaragua (probably not different from maculatus).
-V Butorides virescens margaritophilus Oberholser
Butorides virescens margaritophilus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
42, 1912, p. 553. (San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands.)
Pearl Islands in the Bay of Panama.
Butorides virescens curacensis Oberholser
Butorides virescens curacensis Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 42,
1912, p. 573. (St. Patrick, Curagao.)
Curagao (perhaps Aruba and Bonaire).
\ Butorides sundevalli Reichenow
Ardea {Butorides) Sundevalli Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 25, 1877, p. 253.
(Galapagos Islands.)
Galapagos Archipelago.
~~^ Butorides striatus patens Griscom
Butorides striatus patens Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, no. 8,
1929, p. 156. (Near Panama City, Panama.)
Canal Zone.
"V Butorides striatus striatus (Linn^)
Ardea striata Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 238. (Surinam.)
Tropical America from eastern Panama to southern Brazil.
Butorides striatus robinsoni Richmond
Butorides robinsoni Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, 1896, p. 655.
(Margarita Island.)
Confined to Margarita Island off coast of Venezuela. Probably not dif-
ferent from s. striatus.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 105
^ Butorides striatus cyanurus Vieillot
Ardea cyanura Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 421, (Para-
guay.)
Southern Brazil (?), Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina south
to the provinces of Tucuman and Buenos Aires.
Butorides striatus brevipes (Ehrenberg)
Ardea, Nycticorax, brevipes Ehrenberg, in Hemprich and Ehrenberg's
Symb. Phys. Aves, 1, 1833, fol. m, note 2. ("Ripas Nili et ad maris
rubri littoris.")
Somaliland and coasts of the Red Sea.
— \ Butorides striatus atricapillus (Afzelius)
Ardea atricapilla Afzelius, Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Nya Handl. Stockholm,
25, 1804 (1805), p. 264. (Sierra Leone.)
Tropical Africa.
\ Butorides striatus rutenbergi (Hartlaub)
Ardea rutenbergi Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880, p. 39. (Mo-
hambo, northern Madagascar.)
The Comoro Islands, Madagascar, Rodriguez and Reunion.
Butorides striatus degens Hartert
Butorides striatum degens Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1251.
(Praslin Island, Seychelles.)
Seychelles.
Butorides striatus crawfordi Nicoll
Butorides crawfordi Nicoll, Bull. Brit. Orn. Gl., 16, 1906, p. 105. (As-
sumption Island.)
Assumption and Aldabra Islands.
Butorides striatus albolimbatus Reichenow
Butorides albolimbatus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 8, 1900, p. 140.
(Diego Garcia.)
Diego Garcia Island, Indian Ocean.
~\ Butorides striatus albidulus Bangs
Butorides albididus Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 93. (Sua-
diva Atoll, Maldive Islands.)
Maldive Islands. (Very close to, if not identical with, albolimbatus.)
~~— r Butorides striatus spodiogaster Sharpe
Butorides spodiogaster Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 3, 1894, p. 17. (Anda-
mans and Nicobars.)
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
106 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
^ Butorides striatus amurensis Schrenck
Ardea {Butorides) virescens var amurensis Schrenck, Reise Amur Lande,
1, pt. 2, 1860, p. 441. (Amurland.)
Butorides striatus actophilus Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, no. 7,
1912, p. 1. (North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands.)
Butorides striatus icasopterus Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, no. 7,
1912, p. 1. (Simalur Island, Barussan Islands.)
Breeds in Ussuriland, lower Amur River, Korea, Japan, northeastern
China and Bonin Islands. In winter to Formosa, the Philippines, Sunda
Islands and Celebes.
Butorides striatus connectens Stresemann
Butorides striatus connectens Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 38, 1930, p. 48.
(Yao-shan, Kwangsi.)
Southern China from the Yangtse River south to northern Siam and
French Indo-China. (Poorly characterized form, hardly worth recognition
by name.)
Butorides striatus javanicus (Horsfield)
Ardea Javanica Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 190.
( [Western] Java.)
Butorides striatus carcinophilus Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 14,
1924, p. 294. (Casiguran, Luzon, PhiUppines.)
Butorides striatus carcinophonus Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.,
14, 1924, p. 294. (Pulo Alanga, eastern Borneo.)
Butorides striatus sipora Chasen and Kloss, Ibis, 1926, p. 277. (Sipora,
Barussan Islands.)
India and Ceylon, Malay Peninsula and southern Indo-Chinese coun-
tries, Philippines, Sunda Islands and Celebes.
Butorides striatus moluccarum Hartert
Butorides striatus moluccarum Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1251.
(Burn.)
Burn, Ceram, and Amboina; Obi (?).
Butorides striatus macrorhynchus (Gould)
Ardetta macrorhyncha Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 34, 1848, pi. 66. (East coast
of Australia = Gosford, New South Wales, apud Mathews.)
Butorides javanica littleri Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 233. (Cook-
town, North Queensland.)
New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Aru and Kei Islands, eastern Australia
(Queensland and New South Wales) .
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 107
Butorides striatus stagnatilis (Gould)
Ardetta stagnatilis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847 (1848), p. 221.
(Port Essington, Northern Territory.)
Northwest Australia and Northern Territory.
Butorides striatus patruelis (Peale)
Ardea patruelis Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 216. (Tahiti.)
Tahiti and probably other South Sea islands.
Butorides rogersi Mathews
Butorides rogersi Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. 01., 27, 1911, p. 101.
("N. W. Australia," type from Onslow, midwest Australia.)
Midwest Australia? (It is highly probable that this so-called species
will eventually prove to be nothing more than a color-phase oi B. s. stagna-
tilis.)
Genus ERYTHOCNUS Shakpe
Erythocnus Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 3, 1894, p. 39. Type, by original
designation, Ardea rufiventris Sundevall.
cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. ^thiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 29.
Erythocnus rufiventris (Sundevall)
Ardea rufiventris Sundevall, (Efv. K. Vet.-Akad. Stockholm, for 1850,
1851, p. 110. ("Caffraria." Type from Mooi River, near Potchef-
stroom, Transvaal.)
South Africa from Natal and eastern Cape Province north to southern
Angola, the Zambesi, and Victoria Nyanza.
Genus FLORIDA Baird
Florida Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac, 9, 1858, p. xxi, xlv,
659, 671. Type, by monotypy, Ardea ccerulea Linne.
cf. Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, 9, pt. 3, 1927,
p. 293-295.
Florida caerulea (Linne)
Ardea ccerulea Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 143. (North America
= Carolina, ex Catesby.)
South Atlantic and Gulf States, tropical Mexico, Central America, the
West Indies and South America to Peru on the west and Buenos Aires
Province, Argentina, on the east.
Genus ARDEOLA Boie
Ardeola Boie, Isis, 1822, col. 559. Type, by monotypy, Ardea ralloides
ScopoU.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1245-1249.
108 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
/ Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli)
Ardea ralloides Scopoli, Annus 1, Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 88. ("In Carnio-
lica" = Krain.)
Breeds in the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula, lower Danube and
southern Russia to Persia and Transcaspia; Africa from Algeria to Cape
Colony; Madagascar. Straggles after breeding north to the British Isles
and Germany and to the eastern Atlantic islands. Migratory in Europe.
/ Ardeola idae (Hartlaub)
Ardea Idae Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 167. (East coast of
Madagascar.)
Madagascar, occasionally to East Africa.
/ Ardeola grayii (Sykes)
Ardea Grayii Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 158.
(Dukhun.)
From the Persian Gulf east to Burma, south to India, Ceylon, the Lacca-
dives, Andamans, Nicobars and the Malay Peninsula.
' Ardeola bacchus (Bonaparte)
Buphus hacchus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 127. (Malay Penin-
sula.)
China from Kansu and the Tsin-ling Mountains south to the Malay
Peninsula, Hainan and Borneo.
"I Ardeola speciosa (Horsfield)
Ardea speciosa Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 189.
(Java.)
Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, Java, Sumbawa.
Genus BUBULCUS Bonapaete
Buhulcus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 124. Type, by tautonymy,
Ardea ibis Linn6 = Ardea bubulcus Audouin.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1243-1245.
Bubulcus ibis ibis (Linne)
Ardea Ibis Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 144. (Egypt.)
Iberian Peninsula; western Asia from the Caspian Sea to Persia; south-
west Arabia, west, northeast and north tropical Africa, Madagascar, the
Comoro Islands, Aldabra, Mauritius and Seychelles.
^^ Bubulcus ibis coromandus (Boddaert)
Cancroma Coromanda Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (Coro-
mandel, ex Daubenton, pi. 910.)
OKDER CICONIIFORMES 109
India, Ceylon and Burma, southern China (western Szechuan to Fokien)^
Korea, southern Japan, Formosa, Hainan, Philippines, Sunda Islands,
Celebes, Ceram and Buru.
Genus MELANOPHOYX Sharpe
Melanophoyx Sharpe, BuU. Brit. Orn. CI., 3, 1894, p. 38. Type, by
original designation, Ardea calceolata DuBus = Ardea ardesiaca
Wagler.
cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. ^thiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 26.
— y^~ Melanophoyx ardesiaca (Wagler)
Ardea ardesiaca Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Ardea, no. 20. (Senegambia.)
Tropical Africa from Senegal and the upper White Nile south to Trans-
vaal and Natal.
Melanophoyx vinaceigula Sharpe
Melanophoyx vinaceigula, Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 5, 1895, p. 13.
(Potchefstroom, Transvaal.)
Transvaal (known only from tjqje) .
Genus DICHROMANASSA Ridgway
Dichromanassa Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4, 1878,
p. 224, 246. Type, by original designation, Ardea rufa Boddaert
= Ardea rufescens Gmelin.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 106-109.
Dichromanassa rufescens rufescens (Gmelin)
Ardea rufescens Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 628. (Louisiana.)
Dichromanassa rufescens dickeyi van Rossem, Condor, 28, 1926, p. 246.
(San Luis Island, Gulf of California.)
Lower California, coasts of Mexico, the Gulf States, Bahama Islands,
Cuba, Jamaica and Hispaniola.
Dichromanassa rufescens colorata Griscom
Dichromanassa rufescens colorata Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 235,
1926, p. 9. (Culebra Key, Ascension Bay, eastern Quintana Roo.)
Yucatan Peninsula (?) and nearby islands.
Genus CASMERODIUS Gloger
Casmerodius Gloger, Hand-und Hilfsb. Naturg., 1842 (1841), p. 412.
Type, by subsequent designation, Ardea egretta Gmelin (Salvador!
Orn. Pap. deUe Mol., 3, 1882, p. 349).
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1236-1239. (Egretta, part.)
Oberholser, Auk, 36, 1919, p. 557-558.
110 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
'"/ Casmerodius albus albus (Linne)
Ardea alba Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 144. (Europe.)
Breeds in southeastern Europe, western and northern Asia to southeast
Siberia, northern China and northern Japan. Winters in northern Africa,
India, and southern China.
y Casmerodius albus modestus (J. E. Gray)
Ardea modesta J. E. Gray, Zool. Misc., 1831, p. 19. (India.)
Egretta alba negleda Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 230. (Parry's
Creek, northwestern Austraha.)
India, east to southern and central China, central and southern Japan,
south and east to Australia.
Casmerodius albus maorianus (Iredale and Mathews)
Herodias alba maoriana Iredale and Mathews, Ibis, 1913, p. 404. (New
Zealand.)
Breeds in the Okarito district. South Island. Straggler elsewhere in New
Zealand.
V
Casmerodius albus melanorhynchos (Wagler)
Ardea Melanorhynchos Wagler, Syst. Av., Addit., 1827. (Senegambia.)
Africa from Senegal and the Egyptian Sudan south to Cape Province;
Madagascar.
/ Casmerodius albus egretta (Gmelin)
Ardea Egretta Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 629. (Santo Do-
mingo, Falkland Islands, South America to Louisiana.)
Southern United States, Mexico, the Greater Antilles, Central America
and South America to Patagonia (for detailed range c/. Cooke, Bull. 45,
U. S. Biol. Surv., 1913, p. 40-44).
Genus EGRETTA T. Forster
Egretta T. Forster, Synopt. Cat. Brit. Bds., 1817, p. 59. Type, by mono-
typy, Ardea garzetta Linne.
cj. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1239-1241 (Egretta, part).
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 194-195. (Egretta,
Hemigarzetta.)
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 26.
Subgenus EGRETTA T. Forster
~f- Egretta garzetta garzetta (Linne)
Ardea Garzetta Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 237. ("Oriente," ex
Brisson.)
Southern Europe, southern and central Asia east to China, Japan and
Hainan; Africa and Madagascar.
V-
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 111
Egretta garzetta nigripes (Temminck)
Ardea nigripes Temminck, Man. d'Orn., ed. 2, 4, 1840, p. 376. ("L'Ar-
chipel des Indes" = Sunda Islands.)
Sunda Islands, Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea.
Egretta garzetta immaculata (Gould)
Herodias immactdaia Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 25, 1846, pi. 58. ("North-
ern portion of Australia" = Port Essington ^^de Mathews.)
Egretta garzetta kempi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 56. (North-
Queensland.)
Australia.
T Egretta dimorpha Hartert
Egretta dimorpha Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. 01., 35, 1914, p. 14. (West
[ = southeast coast of] Madagascar.)
Madagascar and Aldabra.
Subgenus HEMIGARZETTA Mathews
Hemigarzetta Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1914, p. 448. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Herodias eulophotes Swinhoe.
Egretta eulophotes (Swinhoe)
Herodias eulophotes Swinhoe, Ibis, 1860, p. 64. (Amoy, China.)
Southern and central China, Formosa, Celebes.
Genus DEMIGRETTA Blyth
Demigretta Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 15, 1846, p. 372. Type, by
monotypy, Demigretta concolor Blyth = Ardea sacra GmeHn.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1241-1243.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 198-199.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 26-27.
Stuart Baker, Faun. Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 351-353.
Demigretta (gularis?) gularis (Bosc)
Ardea gularis Bosc, Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1, 1792, p. 4, pi. 2.
(Senegal R.)
West Africa from Senegal to Gaboon.
Demigretta (gularis?) schistacea (Hemprich and Ehrenberg)
Ardea, Lepterodas, schistacea Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys.
Aves, 1833 [p. 12], pi. 6. (Red Sea.)
Coasts of the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden.
112 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Demigretta asha (Sykes)
Ardea Asha Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 157.
(Dukhun.)
West coast of the Indian Ocean from the Persian Gulf to Sind, south to
Ceylon and the Laccadives.
I Demigretta sacra (Gmelin)
Ardea sacra Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 640. (Tahiti.)
Demigretta sacra cooktowni Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 232.
(Cooktown, Queensland.)
Demigretta sacra tormenti Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 232.
(Northwest Australia; type said to be from Point Torment.)
Demigretta sacra buchanani Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 85.
(Buchanan Island, Northern Territory.)
Demigretta matook carteri Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 40, 1920, p. 75.
(Cape Leeuwin, southwestern Australia.)
Coasts of Burma and the Malay Peninsula, the Andamans and Nico-
bars; South China, southern Korea, Riu Kiu Islands, PhiUppines, Sunda
Islands, Moluccas, Celebes, New Guinea, South Pacific Islands, northern
Australia, New Zealand.
Genus MESOPHOYX Shaepe
Mesophoyx Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 3, 1894, p. 38. Type, by original
designation, Ardea intermedia Wagler.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1239. (Egretta, part.)
""t Mesophoyx intermedia brachyrhyncha (Brehm)
Herodias brachyrhynchus Brehm, Journ. f. Orn., 2, 1854, p. 80. (Blue
Nile.)
Africa from Kordofan and the Egyptian Sudan south to Cape Province.
/ Mesophoyx intermedia intermedia (Wagler)
Ardea intermedia Wagler, Isis, 1829, p. 659. (Java.)
Peninsular India and Ceylon east to China and Japan, south to the
Greater Sunda Islands and the Philippines.
"^Mesophoyx intermedia plumifera (Gould)
Herodias plumiferus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847 (1848),
p. 221. (New South Wales.)
Mesophoyx intermedia territori, Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915,
p. 126. (Northern Territory.)
Buru, Ceram, New Guinea, Australia.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 113
Genus LEUCOPHOYX Sharpe
Leucophoyx Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 3, 1894, p. 39. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Ardea candidissima Gmelin = Ardea
(hula Molina,
cf. Bailey, Auk, 45, 1928, p. 430-440.
~f Leucophoyx thula brewsteri (Thayer and Bangs)
Egretta candidissima brewsteri Thayer and Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool.
CI., 4, 1909, p. 40. (San Jos^ Island, Lower California.)
United States west of the Rockies from Great Salt Lake southward;
Lower California.
~~l Leucophoyx thula thula (Molina)
Ardea Thula Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 235. (Chile.)
Southeastern United States (formerly to southern Illinois and Cape
May, New Jersey). Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South
America to Chile and northern Argentina.
Genus HYDRANASSA Baird
Hydranassa Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pacific, 9, 1858, p. 660.
Type, by original designation, Ardea ludoviciana Wilson = Egretta
ruficollis Gosse.
cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 50.
\ Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis (Gosse)
Egretta ruficollis Gosse, Bds. Jamaica, 1847, p. 338. (Burnt Savanna
River, Jamaica.)
Hydranassa tricolor occidentalis Huey, Trans. San Diego Nat. Hist. Soc,
5, no. 7, 1927, p. 83. (Scammon Lagoon, Lower California.)
Breeds from the Gulf States and North Carolina to the Greater Antilles
and Central America; Bahama Islands, central Lower California and the
Pacific coast of Mexico to northwestern Ecuador and Venezuela (Aruba
Island).
~~Y~ Hydranassa tricolor tricolor (P. L. S. Miiller)
Ardea tricolor P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 111.
(America = Cayenne, ex Buffon.)
Dutch and French Guiana to northeastern Brazil.
Hydranassa tricolor rufimentum Hellmayr
Hydranassa tricolor rufimentum Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 50.
(Caroni Swamp, Trinidad.)
Island of Trinidad.
114 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus AGAMIA Reichenbach
Agamia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xvi. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Agamia pida Reichenbach =
Ardea agami Gmelin.
cj. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 168-169.
/ Agamia agami (Gmelin)
Ardea Agami Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 629. (Cayenne.)
States of Vera Cruz and Chiapas, Mexico, south to Peru and Brazil.
(Matto Grosso.)
Genus SYRIGMA Ridgway
Syrigma Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4, 1878,
p. 224, 247. Type, by original designation, Ardea sibilatrix Temminck.
cf. Laubmann, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsche Gran Chaco-Exped., 1930, p. 66.
"/ Syrigma sibilatrix (Temminck)
Ardea sibilatrix Temminck, PL Col., livr. 46, 1824, pi. 271. (Brazil and
Paraguay.)
Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and adjacent parts of Argentina.
Genus NYCTICORAX T. Forster
Nycticorax T. Forster, Synopt. Cat. Brit. Bds., 1817, p. 59. Type, by
tautonymy and monotypy, Nycticorax infaustus Forster = Ardea
nycticorax Linne.
cf. Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 117, 1921, p. 51-54.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1251-1254.
Peters, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 39, 1930, p. 263-275.
• Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax (Linn^)
Ardea Nycticorax Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 142. (Southern
Europe.)
Holland and Germany east to Japan, south to Africa, India and the
Sunda Islands.
~i Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli (Gmelin)
Ardea Hoactli Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 630. ("In Novae
Hispaniae lacubus" = Valley of Mexico.)
Breeds from northern Oregon, southern Wyoming, southern Manitoba,
northern Quebec and Nova Scotia south through Central America, north-
ern and eastern South America to eastern Argentina; Hawaiian Islands.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 115
'"Nycticorax nycticorax cyanocephalus (Molina)
Ardea cyanocephala Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. ChUi, 1782, p. 235. (Chile.)
Nycticorax cyanocephalus falklandicus Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 35,
1914, p. 15. (Falkland Islands.)
South America from the highlands of southern Peru south through Chile
and western Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.
~7^ Nycticorax caledonicus manillensis Vigors
Nycticorax Manillensis Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1831,
p. 98. (ManUa, P. I.)
Nycticorax caledonicus major Hachisuka, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 46, 1926,
p. 103. (Zamboanga, Mindanao, P. I.)
Philippine Islands and northern Borneo.
Nycticorax caledonicus minahassae Meyer and Wiglesworth
Nycticorax minahassae Meyer and Wiglesworth, Journ. f . Orn., 42, 1894,
p. 115. (Kema, northern Celebes.)
Celebes.^
/ Nycticorax caledonicus pelewensis Mathews
Nycticorax caledonicus pelewensis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 46, 1926,
p. 60. (Pelew Islands.)
Pelew Islands.
Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris Vigors
Nycticorax crassirostris Vigors, Voy. 'Blossom,' Zool., 1839, p. 27.
(Bonin Islands.)
Bonin Islands.
/Nycticorax caledonicus mandibularis Ogilvie-Grant
Nycticorax mandibularis Ogilvie-Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888,
p. 203. (Aola, Guadalcanar Island, Solomon Islands.)
Solomon Islands.
Nycticorax caledonicus caledonicus (Gmelin)
Ardea caledonica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 626. (New Cale-
donia.)
New Caledonia.
1 Nycticorax caledonicus hilli Mathews
Nycticorax caledonicus hilli Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 233.
(Parry's Creek, northwestern Australia.)
Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia.
1 Cf. Riley Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 64, art. 16, 1924, p. 30-31.
-/
I
116 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Nycticorax caledonicus cancrivorus Neumann
Nycticorax caledonicus cancrivorus Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 38, 1930,
p. 18. (Uatom Island.)
Bismarck Archipelago.
Genus CALHERODIUS Bonapaete
Calherodius Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 139. Type, by mono-
typy, Ardea cucullata Lichtenstein = Ardea leuconotus Wagler.
Caloardea Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 11, 1926, p. 219. Type, by
original designation, Ardea leuconotus Wagler.
of. Peters, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 39, 1930, p. 275-276.
Calherodius leuconotus (Wagler)
Ardea Leuconotus Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Ardea, no. 33. (Senegambia.)
Senegal and Egyptian Sudan south to the Transvaal and Natal.
Genus OROANASSA Peters
Oroanassa Peters, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 39, 1930, p. 276. Type,
by original designation, Nycticorax magnificus Ogilvie-Grant.
cf. Peters, loc. cit., p. 276-277.
Oroanassa magnifica (Ogilvie-Grant)
Nycticorax magnificus Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1899, p. 586. (Five-finger
Mountain, Hainan.)
Mountains of the island of Hainan and of central Fukien, China.
Genus NYCTANASSA Stejnegeb
Nyctanassa Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887, p. 295 (note).
Type, by original designation, Ardea violacea Linne.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 131-134.
Nyctanassa violacea violacea (Linn6) >
Ardea violacea Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 143. (North America
= Carolina, ex Catesby.)
Breeds from eastern Kansas, southern Illinois and Indiana and South
Carolina south through eastern Mexico, eastern Central America and the
West Indies. Winters in the southern part of its range.
Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti Huey
Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti Huey, Condor, 29, 1927, p. 167, and fig.
(Scammon Lagoon, Lower California.)
Pacific coast of Lower California south to Salvador.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 117
Nyctanassa violacea cayennensis (Gmelin)
Ardea cayennensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 626. (Cayenne.) ^
South America from Colombia south to Peru and southern Brazil.
/ Nyctanassa violacea pauper (Sclater and Salvin)
Nycticorax pauper Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870,
p. 327. (Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago.)
The Galapagos Islands.
Genus GORSACHIUS Bonapakte
Gorsachius Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 138. Type, by monotypy,
Nycticorax goisagi Temminck.
cf. Hachisuka, Ibis, 1926, p. 585-592.
Kinnear and Robinson, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 47, 1927, p. 130.
/~Gorsachius goisagi (Temminck)
Nycticorax goisagi Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 98, 1835, pi. 582. (Japan.)
Eastern China, Japan, Riu Kiu Islands, Formosa and the Philippines
(Luzon and Mindanao).
"^Gorsachius melanolophus melanolophus (Raffles)
Ardea melanolopha Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1822, p. 326.
(Western Sumatra.)
Tropical and subtropical India, Ceylon, southern China, Formosa, Indo-
China, Borneo, Sumatra and Java.
Gorsachius melanolophus minor Hachisuka
Gorsachius melanolophus minor Hachisuka, Ibis, 1926, p. 592. (Katchel
Island, Nicobar Islands.)
Nicobar Islands.
Gorsachius melanolophus kutteri (Cabanis)
Butio Kutteri Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 29, 1881, p. 425. (Philippines.)
Gorsachius melanolophus hlythi Hachisuka, Ibis, 1926, p. 591. (Philip-
pines.)
Philippine Islands.
Gorsachius melanolophus rufolineatus Hachisuka
Gorsachius melanolophus rufolineatus Hachisuka, Ibis, 1926, p. 591.
(Iwahig, Palawan.)
Palawan.
» Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, 1918, p. 31.
118 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus ZONERODIUS Salvadori
Zonerodius Salvadori, Ann, Mus. Civ. Geneva, 18, 1882, p. 336. Type,
by monotypy, Ardea heliosylus Lesson.
cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 203.
~ / Zonerodius heliosylus Lesson
Ardea Heliosyla Lesson, Voy. 'Coquille,' Zool., 1, livr. 7, 1828, pi. 44;
livr. 16, 1830, p. 722. (New Guinea.)
Salawatti, New Guinea and Aru Islands.
Genus TIGRIORNIS Sharpe
Tigriornis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 5, 1895, p. 14. Type, by original
designation and monotj^y, Tigrisoma leucolopha Jardine.
cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 29.
/ Tigriornis leucolopha (Jardine)
Tigrisoma leucolopha Jardine, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 17, 1846, p. 86.
(Either Old Calabar or Bonny Rivers.)
West Africa from Sierra Leone south to the lower Congo and east to
northeastern Belgian Congo.
Genus TIGRISOMA Swainson
Tigrisoma Swainson, Zool. Journ., 3, 1828, p. 362. Type, by original
designation, Ardea tigrina Gmelin = Ardea lineata Boddaert.
Tigribaphe Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 20, 1912, p. 61. Type, by mono-
typy, Tigribaphe leucolaema Reichenow ^ = Tigrisoma salmoni Sclater
and Salvin.
cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 208.
HeUmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser., 12, no. 18, 1929,
p. 488-489.
Stolzmann, Ann. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 5, 1926, p. 203-206 (plum-
ages of salmoni).
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 58-60.
"^ Tigrisoma lineatum lineatum (Boddaert)
Ardea lineata Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 52. (Cayenne, ex
Daubenton, PI. enlum. no. 860.)
Tigrisoma excellens Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1888, p. 595.
(Segovia River, Honduras.) '
^ Sclater, Syst. Av. ^thiop. pt. 1, 1924, p. 30, note, states that Tigribaphe
leucolaema Reichenow is founded on a Tigrisoma from South America and not
on an African bird as claimed by Reichenow in the original description (see
postea).
2 Cf. Todd, Ann. Cam. Mus., 14, 1922, p. 137.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 119
Eastern Central America from the Segovia River south to Panama,
northwestern South America to Ecuador east to the Guianas and upper
Amazonia.
^-y^ Tigrisoma lineatum marmoratuin (Vieillot)
Ardea marmorata Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 415.
(Paraguay.)
Tigriosoma (sic) bahioe Sharpe, BuU. Brit. Orn. CI., 5, 1895, p. 14. (Ba-
hia, BrazU = immature.)
Brazilian Highlands, Paraguay and northern Argentina.
Tigrisoma (lineatum?) fasciatum (Such)
Ardea Fasciata Such, Zool. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 117. (Brazil.)
Range not determined.
Tigrisoma (lineatum?) bolivianum (Lonnberg)
Heterocnus bolivianus Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 462. (Tatarenda, Bolivian
Chaco.)
Bohvian Chaco south to Corrientes, Argentina.
(Perhaps not different irom. fasciatum) .
~/" Tigrisoma salmoni salmoni Sclater and Salvin
Tigrisoma salmoni Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875,
p. 38, f. 2. (Cauca River, Colombia.)
Tigribaphe leucolaema Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 20, 1912, p. 61.
(Ukerewe Island, Lake Victoria. Error = northwestern South
America.)
Tropical Colombia and Ecuador.
Tigrisoma salmoni brevirostre Stolzmann
Tigrisoma salmoni brevirostre Stolzmann, Ann. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 5,
1926, p. 206. (Valley of Marcapata, southeastern Peru.)
Southeastern Peru. (This proposed subspecies requires confirmation.)
Genus HETEROCNUS Sharpe
Heterocnus Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 5, 1895, p. 14. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Tigrisoma cabanisi Heine.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 198-200.
/ Heterocnus cabanisi (Heine)
Tigrisoma Cabanisi Heine, Journ. f. Orn., 7, 1859, p. 407. (Mexico.)
Mexico from southern Sonora and southern TamauUpas to eastern
Panama.
120 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Subfamily BOTAURINAE
Genus ZEBRILUS Bonaparte
Zebrilus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 138. Type, by monotypy,
Ardea undulata Gmelin.
cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 172-173.
~ ' Zebrilus undulatus (Gmelin)
Ardea undulata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 637. (Cayenne.)
The Guianas to Central Brazil.
\Ardea pumila Boddaert, 1783, the earliest name for this species, is pre-
occupied by Ardea pumila Lepechin, 1770.]
Genus IXOBRYCHUS Billberg
Ixobrychus Billberg, Syn. Faun. Scand., 1, pt. 2, 1828, p. 166. Type, by
subsequent designation, Ardea minuta Linne. (Stone, Auk, 24, 1907,
p. 192.)
cf. Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 52.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1256-1261.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 202-203 (Ixobrychus),
p. 204 (Nannocnus).
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^Ethiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 30.
Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, 1919, p. 173-175.
^ Ixobrychus minutus minutus (Linn^)
Ardea minuta Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 240. (Switzerland.)
Central and southern Europe to western Siberia and Transcaspia, Asia
Minor and Palestine to Kashmir and northwestern India; northern Africa.
Winters in Africa to Cape Colony.
Ixobrychus minutus payesii (Hartlaub)
Ardea Payesii Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 6, 1858, p. 42. (Casamanse
River, Senegal.)
Africa from Senegal and the Sudan south to Cape Province; southwestern
Arabia.
/ Ixobrychus minutus podiceps (Bonaparte)
Ardeola (Ardea) podiceps Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 134. (Mad-
agascar.)
Madagascar.
Ixobrychus minutus dubius Mathews
Ixobrychus minutus dubius Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 234.
(Southwest Australia, type from Herdman's Lake.)
Southwest Australia.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 121
Ixobrychus minutus alisteri Mathews
Ixobrychus minutus alisteri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1913, p. 188.
(New name for Ardea pusilla Vieillot, not Miiller. New South Wales.)
Ixobrychus minutus queenslandicus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914,
p. 89. (Kedron Brook, South Queensland.)
Ixobrychus minutus victoria Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1915, p. 24.
(Geelong, Victoria.)
Eastern Australia from Queensland to Victoria. (Perhaps not different
from dubius.)
Ixobrychus minutus novaezelandiae (Potts)
Ardeola Novce Zelandice Potts, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 3, 1871, p. 99.
(Westland, South Island, New Zealand.)
New Zealand.
«~ Ixobrychus sinensis sinensis (Gmelin)
Ardea Sinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 642. (China.)
Northeastern China south to India, Ceylon, Burma and the Malay
Peninsula, Moluccas and New Britain. (The validity of the various sub-
species is questionable. Cf. Hartert, loc. cit., p. 1260.)
\ Ixobrychus sinensis luteolus (Stejneger)
Ardetta luteola Stejneger, Proc U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1887, p. 290, in text.
(Wakayama, Kii, Hondo, Japan.)
Japan.
"^ Ixobrychus sinensis astrologus Wetmore
Ixobrychus sinensis astrologus Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 31, 1918,
p. 83. (Paete, Laguna, Luzon.)
Philippine Islands.
Ixobrychus sinensis lepidus (Horsfield)
Ardea lepida Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 190.
(Java.)
Sumatra? Java.
I Ixobrychus sinensis bryani (Seale)
Ardetta bryani Seale, Occ Pap. Bishop Mus., 1, no. 3, 1901, p. 27.
(Guam.)
Guam.
\ Ixobrychus sinensis moorei Wetmore
Ixobrychus sinensis inoorei Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, 1919,
p. 173. (Uala, Truk group. Middle Carolines.)
Unique.
122 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
-4
Ixobrychus involucris (Vieillot)
Ardm involucris Vieillot, Tabl. Encyc. M^th., 3, 1823, p. 1127.
(Paraguay.)
Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, south to northern Patagonia.
Isolated in the Santa Marta district of Colombia.
Ixobrychus exilis hesperis Dickey and van Rossem
Ixobrychus exilis hesperis Dickey and van Rossem, Bull. Sou. Cal. Acad.
Sci., 23, 1924, p. 11. (Buena Vista Lake, Kern County, California.)
Breeds in western North America from southern Oregon to southern
California. In winter south to Lower California (and Central America?).
/ Ixobrychus exilis exilis (Gmelin)
Ardea exilis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 645. (Jamaica.)
Breeds in central and eastern North America from southern Saskatche-
wan and Nova Scotia south to the West Indies and southern Mexico.
Winters from Georgia southward to Brazil.
Ixobrychus exilis puUus van Rossem
Ixobrychus exilis pullv^s van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.,
6, 1930, p. 227. (Tobari Bay, Sonora, Mexico.)
Coastal mangrove swamps of the Arid Tropical Zone of southern Sonora,
Mexico, from Kino Bay, south at least to Tobari Bay.
1...
' Ixobrychus exilis bogotensis Chapman
Ixobrychus exilis bogotensis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33,
1914, p. 171. (Suba Marshes, Bogota, Colombia.)
Savanna of Bogota, Colombia.
Ixobrychus exilis erythromelas (Vieillot)
Ardea erythromelas Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 422.
(Paraguay.)
Trinidad and the Guianas south to Paraguay.
Ixobrychus eurhythmus (Swinhoe)
Ardetta eurhythma Swinhoe, Ibis, 1873, p. 74, pi. 2. (Amoy, Shanghai.)
Breeds from southern Transbaikalia to Ussuri and south to middle
China and the Japanese Islands to Hondo. Winters from southern China
to Cochin China and the Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sunda Islands and
Celebes.
Ixobrychus cinnamomeus (Gmelin)
Ardea cinnamomea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 643. (China.)
China from Manchuria to Hainan; Riu Kiu Islands; Formosa; India and
Ceylon, Andamans and Nicobars, Philippines, Sunda Islands and Celebes.
-/
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 123
Ixobrychus stunnii (Wagler) ^
Ardea Sturmii Wagler, Syst. Av. 1827, Ardea, sp. 37. (Senegambia.)
Africa from Senegal and Kordofan south to Cape Province.
Genus DUPETOR Heine and Reichenow
Dupetor Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein., 1890, p. 308.
Type, by monotypy, Ardea flavicollis Latham.
cf. Hartert, Nov. ZooL, 33, 1926, p. 174.
Hellmayr, Avif. Timor, 1914, p. 108.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 205-206. (Dupetor and
Erythrophoyx.)
"/ Dupetor flavicollis flavicollis (Latham)
Ardea flavicollis Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 701. (India.)
Central and southern China south to the Indian Peninsula and Ceylon,
Malay Peninsula, Cochin China, Greater Sunda Islands and Celebes.
Dupetor flavicollis australis (Lesson)
Ardea australis Lesson, Traits d'Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 572. ("du Voyage
de Peron " = Timor.)
Timor.
Dupetor flavicollis nesophilus (Sharpe)
Ardeirallus nesophilus Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 3, 1894, p. 32. (Dtike
of York Island.)
New Britain, Duke of York Island and New Ireland.
Dupetor flavicollis woodfordi (Ogilvie-Grant)
Ardeiralla woodfordi Ogilvie-Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, p. 202.
(Aloa, Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.)
Solomon Islands.
-~i
Dupetor flavicollis gouldi (Bonaparte)
Ardetta goiddi Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 132. (New South
Wales.)
Ardetta melaena Salvadori, Atti R. Acad. Sci. Torino, 13, 1878, p. 1187.
(Halmahera.)
Ardeirallus prcetermissus Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 3, 1893, p. 4.
(Ceram and Buru). For many years known as Erythrophoyx praeter-
missa (Sharpe).
I I do not believe that the characters on which Ardeiralla Bonaparte are
based are of generic value. If such slight structural variations are stressed to
the extent of generic separation, then Nannocnus and Ardeiralla must both be
maintained and a genus created, for exilis.
124 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Ardeiralla flavicollis olivei Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 234,
(Johnston River, North Queensland.)
Ardeiralla flavicollis disneyi Mathews, op. cit. (Parry's Creek, Northwest
Austraha).
Ardeiralla flavicollis melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912,
p. 74. (Melville Island.)
Moluccas, New Guinea, Aru and Kei Islands; Australia.
Genus BOTAURUS Stephens
Botaurus Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool., 11, pt. 2, 1819, p. 592. Type, by
subsequent designation, Ardea stellaris Linn6. (Gray, List. Gen. Bds.,
1840, p. 66.)
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1261-1264.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 206-207.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 364.
"T Botaurus stellaris stellaris (Linn^)
Ardea stellaris Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 144. (Europe, re-
stricted tj^je locality, Sweden.)
Botaurus stellaris orientalis Buturlin, Nascha Okhota, 1908, Heft 9-11.
(Inkou, Manchuria and Olekminsk, Siberia.)
Breeds in the greater part of the temperate Palaearctic region. Winters
from the Mediterranean countries to northeastern Belgian Congo, Ethio-
pia and Arabia.
Botaurus stellaris capensis (Schlegel)
Ardea stellaris capensis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 5, 1863, Ardeae, p. 48.
(South Africa.)
South Africa from Lake Ngami to Natal and Cape Province.
""^ Botaurus poiciloptilus (Wagler)
Ardea poiciloptila Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Ardea, sp. 28, note. (New
South Wales.)
Botaurus poiciloptilus westralensis Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 235.
(Sharks Bay, West Australia.)
Botaurus poiciloptilus maorianus Iredale and Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn.
CI., 46, 1926, p. 76. (New name for Botaurus rmlanotus Gray, 1843,
not Botaurus melanotos Brehm, 1842. New Zealand.)
Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.
"• Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu)
Ardea lentiginosa Montagu, Suppl. Orn. Diet., 1813, text and plate.
(Piddletown, Dorsetshire, England.)
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 125
Breeds from central British Columbia east to southern Ungava, south
to southern California, the Ohio Valley and Delaware Bay. Winters from
the southern part of its breeding range south to Guatemala, occasionally to
Panama and Cuba.
~f-' Botaurus pinnatus (Wagler)
Ardea pinnata Wagler, Isis, 1829, col. 662. (State of Bahia, Brazil.)
South America from Colombia to the Guianas and to southeastern BrazU.
Family COCHLEARIIDAE
Genus COCHLEARIUS Brisson
Cochlearius Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 48; 5, 1760, p. 506. Type, by
tautonymy, [Cochlearins] cochlearius Brisson = Cancroma cochlearia
Linn6.
cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 172-173.
Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 235, 1926, p. 10-11.
'^Cochlearius cochlearius zeledoni (Ridgway)
Cancroma zeledoni Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885, p. 93.
(Mazatlan, Mexico.)
Mexico, from Sinaloa and Vera Cruz south to northern Costa Rica.
Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis Griscom
Cochlearius zeledoni panamensis Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 235,
1926, p. 11. (Corozal, Canal Zone.)
Southern Costa Rica and Panama.
'/ Cochlearius cochlearius cochlearius (Linn^)
Cancroma Cochlearia Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 233. (Guiana.)
Northern South America to Peru and southern Brazil; Island of Trini-
dad.
Suborder BAL^NipiPITES
Family BAL^NICIPITIDAE
Genus BAL^NICEPS Gould
Balceniceps Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 (1852), p. 1. Type,
by original designation, Balceniceps rex Gould.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 86-89.
-y- Balseniceps rex Gould
Balceniceps Rex Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 (1852), p. 2, pi. 35.
(Upper White Nile.)
Bahr-el-Ghazal and White Nile south to the Katanga district and
Uganda.
126 check-list of birds of the world
Suborder CICONIAE
SUPERFAMILY SCOPOIDEA
Family SCOPIDAE
Genus SCOPUS Bkisson
Scopus Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 48; 5, 1760, p. 503. Type, by mono-
typy, Scopus = Scopus umbretta Gmelin.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 89-93.
Scopus umbretta umbretta Gmelin
Scopus Umbretta Gmelin,. Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 618. (Senegal.)
West Africa from Senegal to Nigeria.
^ Scopus umbretta bannermani C. H. B. Grant
Scopus umbretta bannermani C. H. B. Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 35,
1914, p. 27. (Mt. Leganisho, 6600 feet, British East Africa.)
The entire Ethiopian region, including southwestern Arabia and Mada-
gascar, except that section occupied by S. u. umbretta.
SUPERFAMILY CICONIOIDEA
Family CICONIIDAE
Subfamily MYCTERIINAE
Genus MYCTERIA Linne
Mycteria Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 140. Type, by monotj^y,
Mycteria americana Linne.
cf. HeUmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 22, 1906, p. 711.
' Mycteria americana Linne
Mycteria americana Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10., 1, 1758, p. 140. ("America
cahdiore," = Brazil, from first citation.)
Breeds along the coast from Texas to Florida north to South Carolina;
Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, South America to Peru and
Argentina (to Cordoba and Buenos Aires).
Genus IBIS LACEPfeDE
Ibis Lacepede, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 18. Type, by tautonymy, Ibis candi-
dus Daudin = Tantalus ibis Linne.
Dipluravis Strand, Soc. Ent. Stuttgart, 25, no. 4, 1910, p. 14. Substitute
name for Diplura Jerdon, not Koch.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 127
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 107-110.
Ridgway, Auk, 30, 1913, p. 95.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 331-332; 8,
1930, p. 558.
Ibis ibis (Linne)
Tantalus Ibis Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 241. (Egypt.)
Africa from Senegambia to the Sudan and south to Cape Province;
Madagascar.
' Ibis leucocephalus (Pennant)
Tantalus leucocephalus Pennant, Indian ZoQl., 1769, p. 11, pi. 10. (Cey-
lon.)
India, Ceylon, Burma, Indo-China and southwestern China.
» Ibis cinereus (Raffles)
Tantalus cinereus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1822, p. 327.
(Sumatra.)
Malay Peninsula to Cambodia, Sumatra and Java.^
Subfamily CICONIINAE
Genus ANASTOMUS Bonnaterre
Anastomv^ Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyc. M^th., Orn., 1, 1791, p. xciii. Type,
by subsequent designation, Ardea oscitans Boddaert (Gray, List Gen.
Bds., ed. 2, 1841, p. 87).
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 102-103.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 333-334; 8,
1930, p. 559.
' Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert)
Ardea oscitans Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 55. (Pondicherry, ex
Daubenton, pi. 932.)
India, Ceylon, Assam, Burma, Siam and Cochin China.
"^"Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligenis Temminck
Anastomus lamelligerus Temminck, PI. Col., livr., 40, 1823, pi. 236.
(Senegal.)
East Africa from Senegal and the Sudan to the Zambesi River.
Anastomus lamelligerus madagascariensis Milne-Edwards
Anastomus madagascariensis Milne-Edwards, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 91, 1880, p. 1037. (Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
^ Delacour, Ibis, 1929, p. 208-209, reinstates Tantalus lacteus Temminck as
a valid species occurring in the same region as cinereus.
128 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus SPHENORHYNCHUS Lichtenstein
Sphenorhynchus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 76. Type, by
monotypy, Ciconia dbdimii Lichtenstein.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 99-102.
' r Sphenorhynchus abdimii (Lichtenstein)
Ciconia Abdimii Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 76. (Dongola,
Sudan.)
Drier parts of Africa from Dongola and Ethiopia to Angola and the
Transvaal.
Genus DISSOURA Cabanis
Dissoura Cabanis, Preuss. Staats-Anz., 1850, Beil., p. 1484. Type, by-
subsequent designation, Ardea episcopus Boddaert. (Sharpe, Cat.
Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 294.)
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 97-99.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 324, 325; 8,
1930, p. 557.
-A' Dissoura episcopus microscelis (G. R. Gray)
Ciconia microscelis G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1848, [p. 561] pi. CLI.
(No type locaHty = Africa, apud Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901,
p. 348.)
Africa from Senegambia and the Sudan south to Cape Province.
Dissoura episcopus episcopus (Boddaert)
Ardea Episcopus Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 54. (Coromandel
Coast, ex Daubenton, pi. 906.)
India, Ceylon, and Burma.
— \ Dissoura episcopus neglecta Finsch
Dissoura neglecta Finsch, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 94. (Celebes, Java,
Sumbawa, Lombok, and the Philippines.)
Malay Peninsula, Siam, Indo-China, Sunda Islands, Celebes and the
Phihppines.
Dissotira episcopus stonni (Blasius)
Melanopelargus episcopus stormi Blasius, Mitt. Naturh. Mus. Liibeck,
(2), Heft 10-11, 1896, p. 120. (Pontianak, West Borneo.)
Dissoura mortoni Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 13, 1902, p. 26. (Lamang,
Sandakan cf ; Mengalong River, Sarawak 9 .) Figured Ibis, 1903, pi. 5.
Borneo.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 129
Genus CICONIA Brisson
Ciconia Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 48; 5, 1760, p. 361. Type, by tau-
tonymy, Ciconia = Ardea Ciconia Linne.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1213-1216.
Ciconia ciconia ciconia (Linne)
Ardea Ciconia Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 142. (Europe, Asia,
Africa; restricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in the greater part of Europe north to latitude 60°; Morocco,
Algeria, Tunis. Winters in Africa south to Cape Province.
Ciconia ciconia asiatica Severtzov
Ciconia alba asiatica Severtzov, Bull. Imp. Soc. Friends Xat. Sci. Anthr.
and Ethnogr. Moscow, 8, pt. 2, 1873, p. 145. (Turkestan.)
Breeds in Buchara, Turkestan and Yarkand. Winters in India.
Ciconia ciconia boyciana Swinhoe
Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 513.
(Yokohama.)
Breeds from Lower Ussuri and the Amur Rivers to Korea and Japan.
Ciconia nigra (Linn^)
Ardea nigra Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 142. (Northern Europe;
restricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in southern Sweden, Denmark, Germany, east through Russia
and Asia to northern China. Winters in Africa south of Senegambia and
the Sudan; India.
Genus EUXENURA Ridgway
Euxenura Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4, 1878, p. 249.
Type, by monotypy, Ardea maguari Gmehn = Ardea galeata Molina.''
cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 61.
Euxenura galeata (Molina)
Ardea Galeata MoUna, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 235. (Chilet)
South America from the Guianas to Chile and southern Argentina.
Genus XENORHYNCHUS Bonaparte
Xenorhynchnis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 106. Tj-pe, by sub-
sequent designation, Mycteria australis Shaw. (Salvadori, Orn. Pap.,
pt. 3, 1882, p. 377.)
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1914, p. 407-411.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 326-327.
130 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
-V Xenorhynchus asiaticus asiaticus (Latham)
Myderia asiatica Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 670. (India.)
India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Siam and Cochin China.
Xenorhynchus asiaticus australis (Shaw)
Myderia Australis Shaw, Trans. Linn. Soe. London, 5, 1800, p. 33. (New
South Wales.)
Xenorhynchus asiaticus rogersi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 229.
(Northwest Australia, type from Fitzroy River.)
New Guinea, islands in Torres Strait, northern and eastern AustraUa.
Genus EPHIPPIORHYNCHUS Bonaparte
Ephippiorhynchus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 106. Type, by
monotypy, Mycteria senegalensis Shaw.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 103-105.
~\ Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis (Shaw)
Mycteria Senegalensis Shaw, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 5, 1800, p. 35,
pi. 3. (No type locality = Senegal.)
Africa from Senegal and the Sudan south to the Orange River.
Genus JABIRU Hellmayr
Jahiru Helhnayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 22, 1906, p. 711. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Ciconia myderia Lichtenstein.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 314-315.
Jabiru mycteria (Lichtenstein)
Ciconia mycteria Lichtenstein, Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. BerUn, Phys. Kl.,
1816-1817 (1819), p. 163. (Brazil, ex Marcgrave.)
Southern Mexico, Central America and South America to Argentina
(northeastern Cordoba.)
\
Genus LEPTOPTILOS Lesson
Leptoptilos Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 583. Type, by subse-
quent designation, Ardea dubia GmeUn. (Gray, List. Gen. Bds.,
1840, p. 67.)
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 105-107.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 327-330.
^"/"Leptoptilos dubius (Gmelin)
Ardea dubia Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 624. (India.)
India, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Indo-Chinese countries, Sumatra,
Java and Borneo.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 131
A"Leptoptilos crumenifems (Lesson)
Ciconia crumenifera Lesson, Traits d'Orn., livr. 8, 1831, p. 585. (Sene-
gal.)
Senegal and the Sudan south to the Orange River.
Leptoptilos javanicus (Horsfield)
Ciconia Javanica Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 188.
(Java.)
Central and southern India, Ceylon, Burmese Provinces, southern
China, Hainan, Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo.
SuPERFAMiLY THRESKIORNITHOIDEA .
Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Subfamily THRESKIORNITHINAE
Genus THRESKIORNIS G. R. Gray
Threskiornis G. R. Gray, App. to List Gen. Bds., 1842, p. 13. Type, by
original designation, Tantalus cethiopicus Latham.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1225-1228.
Mathews, Auk, 30, 1913, p. 95.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 189.
/ Threskiornis aethiopica aethiopica (Latham)
Tantalus cethiopicus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 706. (" Aethiopia" =
Egypt?)
Africa south of the Sahara, southern Arabia to the Persian Gulf. For-
merly in Egypt.
Threskiornis aethiopica abbotti (Ridgway)
Ibis abbotti Ridgway, Descr. New Bds. Ids. of Aldabra and Assumption
northwestof Madagascar, Aug. 16, 1893. (Aldabra Island.) [Advance
sheet from Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, Oct. 25, 1893, p. 599.]
Island of Aldabra.
/Threskiornis aethiopica bernieri (Bonaparte)
Ibis bernieri Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 151, note. (Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
/Threskiornis melanocephala (Latham)
Tantalus melanocephalus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 709. (India.)
India, Ceylon and Burma to China and Japan.
132 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
/
Threskiornis molucca molucca (Cuvier)
Ibis molucca Cuvier, Regne Anim., 6d. nouv., 1, 1829, p. 520, note.
(Moluccas.)
Babber, Ceram, Salawatti, Waigiu, Kei Islands, New Guinea.
"^ Threskiornis molucca strictipennis (Gould)
Ibis strictipennis Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, April 1, 1838, app. p. 7.
(Australia). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837 (= May 1838), p. 106.
Ibis molucca alligator Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 227. (South
Alligator River, Northern Territory.)
Australia.
Genus CARPHIBIS Reichenbach
Carphibis Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xiv. Type, by
original designation. Ibis spinicollis Jameson.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1914, p. 386-391.
^ Carphibis spinicollis (Jameson)
Ibis spinicollis Jameson, Edinb. New Philos, Journ., 19, 1835, p. 213.
(Murray River, New South Wales.)
Carphibis spinicollis fitzroi (sic) Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 228.
(Fitzroy River, northwest AustraUa.)
Australia and Tasmania.
Genus PSEUDIBIS Hodgson
Pseudibis Hodgson, in Gray's Zool. Misc., 1844, p. 86. Type, by mono-
typy. Ibis papillosa Temminck.
cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 315-318.
'"» Pseudibis papillosa (Temminck)
Ibis papillosa Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 51, 1824, pi. 304. (India and
Ceylon.)
Northern India south to Mysore.
-~l Pseudibis davisoni (Hume)
Geronticus Davisoni Hume, Str. Feath., 3, 1875, p. 300. (Pakchan
Estuary, Tenasserim.)
Eastern Upper Burma to Pegu, Tenasserim, Cochin China and Siam.
Genus THAUMATIBIS Elliot
Thaumatibis Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 483, 489. Type, by
original designation. Ibis gigantea Oustalet.
cf. Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, 1921, p. 73-74.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 133
"Thamnatibis gigantea (Oustalet)
Ibis gigantea Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom., Paris (7), 1, 1877, p. 25. (Me-
kong River, Cambodia). (Figured Ibis, 1911, pi. 1.)
Cochin China, Cambodia, Peninsular Siam.
Genus GERONTICUS Wagler
Geronticus Wagler, Isis, 1835, col. 1232. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion, Tantalus calvus Boddaert. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 67.)
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1222-1224. {Comatibis eremita.)
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, pt. 2, 1901, p. 323-324.
'Geronticus eremita (Linne)
Upupa Eremita Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 118. (Switzerland.)
Now found only locally in northern Africa and east to Mesopotamia;
coasts of the Red Sea; Ethiopia; Blue Nile. Formerly in southern Europe
north to the upper Rhine Valley, Switzerland and Hungary.
Geronticus calvus (Boddaert)
Tantalus Calvus Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 52. (Cape of
Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 867.)
Mountainous districts of southern Africa.
Genus NIPPONIA Reichenbach
Nipponia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xiv. Tj^^e, by
monotypy. Ibis temminckii Reichenbach = Ibis nippon Temminck.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1224-1225.
Nipponia nippon (Temminck)
Ibis nippon Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 93, 1835, pl. 551. (Japan.)
Breeds in Ussuriland, Korea, Japan (south to Hondo), northern China
south to southern Kansu, Tsinling Mountains and Kiauchou. Migratory
only in northern part of its range.
Genus LAMPRIBIS Elliot
Lampribis Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 483 (in key), p. 507.
Type, by monotypy, Ibis olivacea DuBus.
Oreoibis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, 1912, p. 235. Type,
by original designation, Oreoibis akleyorum Chapman.
cf. Bannerman, Nov. Zool., 35, 1929, p. 78-81.
Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 117-123.
Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 84, 1923, p. 1-7.
-i
-7
134 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Lampribis olivacea olivacea (DuBus)
Ibis olivacea DuBus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belg., 4, 1838, p. 105 and pi.
(Upper Guinea, accepted as type locality by Chapin, loc. cit.)
Lampribis splendida Salvador!, Ibis, 1903, p. 185. (Liberia.)
Sierra Leone and Liberia.
Lampribis olivacea cupreipennis (Reichenow)
Theristicus cupreipennis Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 134.
(Cameroon.)
Southern Cameroon and western Congo.
Lampribis olivacea rothschildi Bannerman
Lampribis rothschildi Bannerman, BuU. Brit. Orn. CI., 40, 1919, p. 6.
(Infante d'Henrique, Principe Island.)
Princes Island, Gulf of Guinea.
Lampribis olivacea bocagei Chapin
Lampribis bocagei Chapin, Am. Mus, Novit., no. 84, 1923, p. 5, f. 2A,
3A. (Rio de Sao Thom6, Sao Thome Island.)
Island of Sao Thom6, Gulf of Guinea.
Lampribis olivacea akleyorum (Chapman)
Oreoibis akleyorum Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, 1912, p. 235,
pi. 23, 24. (South slope of Mt. Kenya, 9000 feet.)
Southern slopes of Mt. Kenya, Kenya Colony. (Mt. Elgon and Aber-
dare Mountains?)
Lampribis rara Rothschild, Hartert and Kleinschmidt
Lampribis rara Rothschild, Hartert and Kleinschmidt, Nov. Zool., 4,
1897, p. 377. (Denkera, Gold Coast, ex. Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1877, pi. 51.)
Liberia to Angola and east across the Belgian Congo to Avakubi and
Bomakandi.
Genus HAGEDASHIA Bonaparte
Hagedashia Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 152. Type, by "virtual
tautonymy," Tantalus hagedash Latham.
cf. Neumann, Ornis, 13, 1909, p. 190-196.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 36. App. 1930, p. 836.
Hagedashia hagedash brevirostris (Reichenow)
Theristicus brevirostris Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 147.
(Al^n, southern Cameroon.)
Hagedashia hagedash guineensis Neumann, Ornis, 13, 1909, p. 194.
(Ogruga, Ammambara Creek, Nigeria.)
West Africa from Gambia to the Congo; Fernando Po.
ORDER CICONITFORMES 135
/ Hagedashia hagedash nilotica Neumann
Hagedashia hagedash nilotica Neumann, Ornis, 13, 1909, p. 193. (Kimo,
northwest of Adis Ababa, Etliiopia.)
The White Nile to central Ethiopia and Shoa, south to Uganda.
~~^ Hagedashia hagedash erlangeri Neumann
Hagedashia hagedash erlangeri Neumann, Ornis, 13, 1909, p. 193. (Dogge,
southern Somaliland.)
East Africa from southern Somaliland south to Nyasaland and the
Zambesi.
" ^ Hagedashia hagedash hagedash (Latham)
Tantalus Hagedash Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 709. (Cape of Good
Hope.)
Africa south of the Zambesi.
Genus BOSTRYCHIA Reichenbach
Bostrychia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. sdv. Type, by
monotypy, Ihis carunculata Riippell.
cf. Reichenow, Vog. Air., 1, pt. 2, 1901, p. 325. (Theristicus caruncula-
tus.)
-A
Bostrychia carunculata (Riippell)
Ibis carunculata Riippell, Neue Wirb., Vog., 1837, p. 49, pi. 19. (Taranta
Mountains, Ethiopia.)
Ethiopian Highlands from Senaf^ to Shoa.
Genus HARPIPRION Wagler ^
Harpiprion Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1232. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion. Ibis plumbeus Temminck = Ibis caerulescens Vieillot. (Gray,
List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 67.)
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 24. (Molybdophanes.)
f Harpiprion caerulescens (Vieillot)
Ibis coerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 16, 1817, p. 18. (Para-
guay.)
Central Brazil south to Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.
Genus THERISTICUS Wagler
Theristicus Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1231. Type, by monotypy, Tantalus
melanopis Gmehn.
cf. Salvadori, Ibis, 1900, p. 501-517.
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 64-65.
^ Replaces Molybdophanes Reichenbach.
136 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
"T Theristicus caudatus (Boddaert)
Scolopax caudatus Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 57. (Cayenne,
ex Daubenton, pi. 976.)
Theristicus columbianus Finsch, Notes Leyden Mus., 21, 1899, p. 23.
("Colombia.")
Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and
northern Argentina.
■ / Theristicus branickii Berlepsch and Stolzmann
Theristicus branickii Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ibis, 1894, p. 404. (Lake
Junin, Peru.)
High Temperate Regions of Ecuador, Peru and northern BoUvia.
/ Theristicus melanopis (Gmelin)
Tantalus melanopis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 653. ("In
insula Novi Anni.")
Chile and southern Argentina from the Rio Negro to Tierra del Fuego.
Genus CERCIBIS Wagler
Cercibis Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1232. Type, by monotypy, Ibis oxycercus
Spix.
of. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 28-29.
"/ Cercibis oxycerca (Spix)
Ibis oxycercus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 69, pi. 87.
("Province of Pard,.")
Orinoco region east to Surinam, south to southeastern Colombia and the
Rio Negro region of Brazil.
Genus MESEMBRINIBIS Peters ^
Mesembrinibis Peters, Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, 1930, p. 256.
Type, by original designation, Tantalus cayennensis GmeUn.
of. Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, 1915, p. 532-533.
—7 Mesembrinibis cayennensis (Gmelin)
Tantalus cayennensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 652. (Cay-
enne.)
Panama and the greater part of tropical South America to Paraguay and
northeastern Argentina.
1 Replaces Harpiprion Wagler.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 137
\
\
Genus PHIMOSUS Wagler
Phimosus Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1233. Type, by monotypy, Ibis nudi-
frons Spix.
cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., 22, 1906, p. 710.
Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 485.
' Phimosus infuscatus berlepschi Hellmayr
Phimosus berlepschi Hellmayr, Verb. ZoQl.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903,
p. 247. (Orinoco River region.)
Northern South America from the mouth of the Magdalena River to
Surinam.
Phimosus infuscatus nudifrons (Spix)
Ibis nudifrons Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 69, pi. 86. ("Ad litora lacum
S. Francisci.")
BrazU south of the Amazon from Matto Grosso east to Piauhy and south
to Sao Paulo.
I Phimosus infuscatus infuscatus (Lichtenstein)
Ibis infuscata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 75. ("Brazil" =
Paraguay, ex Azara.)
Phimosus azarae Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 123.
(Paraguay.)
Paraguay, northeastern Argentina and Uruguay.
Genus GUARA Reichenbach
Guara Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat. 1852 (1853), p. xiv. Type, by
original designation, Scolopax rubra Linne.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 39-42.
/Guara alba (Linn6)
Scolopax alba Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 145. (Carohna.)
Guara alba longirostris Bailey, Bull. Bailey Mus. and Libr. Nat. Hist.,
no. 4, 1930, [p. 1] (no type specimen or type locality designated).
Breeds from Lower California, Central Mexico, the Gulf coast, Florida
and South Carolina to the West Indies and northern South America.
Winters from Central Mexico, the Gulf coast and Florida southward.
"f Guara rubra (Linn6)
Scolopax rubra Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 145. (Bahamas.)
Tropical South America; casual in the West Indies and Central America.
138 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus PLEGADIS Kaup
Plegadis Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch., 1829, p. 82. Type, by mono-
typy, Tantalus falcinellus Linn6.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1220-1222.
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 29-38.
' Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus (Linn6)
Tantalus Falcinellus Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1766, p. 241. (Austria,
Italy.)
Breeds from southern France, Serbia, Rumania and southern Russia to
the Mediterranean region, eastward through Persia, Turkestan, Afghani-
stan and tropical Asia. Also Africa and Madagascar. In North America
locally in Mexico and along the Gulf coast, Florida, Cuba and Hispaniola.
Casual north of its breeding range in northern Europe and northeastern
North America.
Plegadis falcinellus peregrinus (Bonaparte)
Ibis peregrina Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 2, 1855, p. 159. (Java and
Celebes.)
Plegadis falcinellus rogersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 56.
(Parry's Creek, northwest Austraha.)
Philippines, Celebes, East Indies from Java to Australia.
Plegadis (falcinellus?) guarauna (Linne)
Scolopax Guarauna Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 242, (Brazil.)
Breeds in North America from Oregon and Utah to southern Mexico and
in South America from Peru and Brazil to Argentina (Mendoza and
Buenos Aires Provinces). North American birds winter in southern part of
breeding range; South American north of Santiago, Chile and Cape San
Antonio, Argentina.
Plegadis ridgwayi (Allen)
Falcinellus Ridgwayi Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, 1876, p. 355.
(Lake Titicaca.)
Highlands of Peru and Bolivia.
Genus LOPHOTIBIS Reichenbach
Lophotibis, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xiv. Type, by
original designation, Tantalus cristatus Boddaert.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 27-28.
""J Lophotibis cristata cristata (Boddaert)
Tantalus cristatus Boddaert, Table PI. enlum. , 1783, p. 51 . (Madagascar,
ex Daubenton, pi. 841.)
Eastern Madagascar.
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 139
Lophotibis cristata urschi Lavauden
Lophotibis cristata urschi Lavauden, Alauda (1), 1, 1929, p. 233. (Anka-
rafantsika and 100 km. southeast of Majunga, western Madagascar.)
Western Madagascar.
Subfamily PLATALEINAE
Genus PLATALEA Linne
Platalea Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 139. Type, by subsequent
designation, Platalea leucorodia Linn6. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840,
p. 67.)
of. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1217-1220.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1914, p. 398-402.
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 330-332.
z' Platalea leucorodia leucorodia Linne
Platalea Leucorodia Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 139. (Europe.)
Breeds locally in Holland, southern Spain, Balkan countries, Rumania
and southern Russia to Transcaucasia and Asia Minor. Winters in Africa.
• Platalea leucorodia major Temminck and Schlegel
Platalea major Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Faun., Jap., Aves,
1849, p. 119, pi. 75. (Japan.)
Central Asia from China, southern Transbaikalia, Ussuriland and
Japan south to Syria, Egypt, India and Formosa. Migratory in northern
part of its range.
Platalea leucorodia archeri Neumann
Platalea leucorodia archeri Neumann, Joum. f. Om., 76, 1928, p. 783.
(Dahlak Island, Red Sea.)
Coasts of the Red Sea and Somaliland; White Nile.
/ Platalea minor Temminck and Schlegel
Platalea minor Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Faim. Jap., Aves,
1849, p. 120, pi. 76. (Japan.)
Korea, southern Japan to southern China, Hainan, Formosa and oc-
casionally to the Phihppines.
y Platalea alba Scopoli
Platalea alba Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., 2, 1786, p. 92. (Luzon,
ex Sonnerat. Error = Cape of Good Hope.)
Africa from Gambia and the Egyptian Sudan south to Cape Province;
Madagascar.
140 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
^ Platalea regia Gould ,
Platalea regia Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, App. p. 7. (East
coast of New South Wales.)
Platalea regia stalkeri Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 229. (Alexan-
dra, Northern Territory.)
Austraha; occasional in New Guinea,* Celebes, Timor, the Moluccas and
New Zealand.
Genus PLATIBIS Bonaparte
Platibis Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 40, 1855, p. 724.
Type, by monotypy, Platalea flavipes Gould.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 3, 1914, p. 403-406.
H
"~r
Platibis flavipes (Gould)
Platalea flavipes Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, App. p. 7. (New
South Wales.)
Platalea flavipes whitei Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 229. (Alexan-
dra, Northern Territory.)
Austraha.
Genus AJAIA Reichenbach
Ajaia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xvi. Type, by orig-
inal designation Ajaia rosea Reichenbach = Platalea ajaja Linn6.
cf. Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 26, 1898, p. 52-55.
Ajaia ajaja (Linn6)
Platalea Ajaja Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 140. ("in America
australi" = Jamaica from first citation.)
Breeds in the southern United States (Gulf States and Florida), Baha-
mas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica(?), Central Mexico south to Argentina
(Cordoba and Buenos Aires) and Chile.
Suborder PHOENICOPTERI
Family PHOENICOPTERIDAE
Genus PHOENICOPTERUS Linne
Phoenicopterus Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 139. Type, by
monotypy, Phoenicopterus ruber Linn6.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1266-1268.
Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 9-10.
1 Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 191, sets up Platalea inter-
media Ogilvie-Grant (Ibis, 1889, p. 52, pi. 1, Port Moresby), for the birds from
New Guinea, but gives no reasons for so doing.
V
H
ORDER CICONIIFORMES 141
Phoenicopterus antiquorum Temminck
Phcenicopterus antiquorum Temminck, Man. d'Orn., 2, 1820, p. 587.
(Europe and Africa.)
Breeds locally in the Caspian Sea region, the Kirghiz Steppes, Trans-
caspia, Transcaucasia, West Siberia (Turgai), about the Persian Gulf,
Ceylon(?), northwestern India, Cape Verde Islands and South Africa.
Formerly in southern Spain, southern France, Tunis and Lower Egypt.
Phoenicopterus ruber Linn6
Phoenicopterus ruber Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 139. ("Africa,
America, rarius in Europa." Restricted type locality. West Indies.)
Atlantic coast of subtropical and tropical America, breeding locally in
the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Yucatan and Guiana; formerly on the
Florida Keys; Galapagos Islands.
' Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina
Phoenicopterus Chilensis MoUna, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 242.
(Chile.)
Temperate South America from Peru on the west and Uruguay on the
east to Tierra del Fuego.
Genus PHOENICONAIAS G. R. Gray
Phoeniconaias G. R. Gray, Ibis, 1869, p. 440, 442. Type, by monotypy,
Phoenicopterus minor Geoffroy.
of. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 350.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 375-376.
' i Phoeniconaias minor (Geoffroy)
Phoenicopterus minor Geoffroy, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom., 1, pt. 2, 1798,
p. 98 and pi. (No type locaUty given = Senegal.)
Southern and eastern Africa, (possibly Senegal) ; Madagascar and north-
western India.
Genus PHCENICOPARRUS Bonaparte
Phcenicoparrus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856,
p. 992. Type, by original designation, Phoenicopterus andinus Philippi.
c/. Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 21-22.
' Phcenicoparrus andinus (R. A. Phihppi)
Phoenicopterus andinus R. A. Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 1854, p. 337.
(Desert of Atacama, northern Chile. )
Chilean Andes and Andes of northwestern Argentina (Catamarca).
142 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Phcenicoparrus jamesi (Sclater)
Phoenicopterus jamesi Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1886, p. 399,
pi. 36, p. 400, f. 3. (Andes of Province of Tarapaca, Chile.)
Andes of southern Peru, northern Chile and extreme northwestern
Argentina.
Order ANSERIFORMES
Suborder ANHIMAE
Family ANHIMIDAE
Genus ANHIMA Brisson
Anhima Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 48; 5, 1760, p. 518. Type, by tau-
tonymy, Anhima [anhima] = Palamedea cornuta Linn6.
cf. HeUmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. ser., 12, 1929, p. 498.
Anhima cornuta (Linne)
Palamedea cornuta Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 232. (Brazil.)
The greater part of northern tropical South America.
Genus CHAUNA Illiger
Chauna Illiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 253. Type, by monotypy, Parra
chavaria Linn6.
cj. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 67-69.
Chauna torquata (Oken)
Chaja torquata Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., 3, pt. 2, 1816, p. 639. ("In Para-
guay, um Plata.")
Chauna salvadorii Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So. Am., 1912, p. 53,
new name for Palamedea cristata Swainson, not Linn6.
Paraguay, southern Brazil, northern and eastern Argentina and Uru-
guay.
Chauna chavaria (Linne)
Parra Chavaria Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 260. (Carthagena.)
Northern Colombia and northern Venezuela.
order anseriformes 143
Suborder ANSERES
Family ANATIDAE
Subfamily CYGNINAE
Genus CYGNUS Bechstein
Cygnus Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb., pt. 2, 1803, p. 404, note. Type, by
monotypy, Anas olor Gmelin.
Clangocycnus Oberholser, Emu, 8, 1908, p. 3. Type, by monotypy,
Cygnus buccinator Richardson.
Euolor, Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1917, p. 117. Type, by
original designation, Anas olor Gmelin.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, 1270-1276.
Oberholser, Emu, 8, 1908, p. 1-9.
Schi0ler, Danmarks Fugle, 1, 1925, p. 383-410.
Cygnus cygnus cygnus (Linne)
Anas Cygnus Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 122, (Restricted type
locality, Sweden.)
Breeds from northern Scandinavia eastward through Finland and
northern Russia and in northern Asia from Kolymsk and Anadyr to
Kamchatka and the Commander Islands south to Ussuri; south in winter
to the British Isles, central Asia, China and Japan, sometimes to the
Mediterranean.
Cygnus cygnus islandicus C. L. Brehm
Cygnus Islandicus C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., 1831,
p. 832, (Iceland.)
Southern Greenland (formerly) and Iceland.
Cygnus bewickii bewickii Yarrell
Cygnus Bewickii Yarrell, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 16, 1830, p, 453,
(England.)
Breeds in northern Russia from the Kanin peninsula and northern
Siberia east to the Lena Delta; south in winter to the British Isles, north-
ern Europe, Caspian Sea and central Asia.
Cygnus bewickii jankowskii Alpheraky
Cygnus bewicki jankowskii Alpheraky, Priroda i Okhota, Sept., 1904,
p. 10. (Ussuriland.) In Russian: cf. Buturlin, Ibis, 1907, p, 651,
Breeds from delta of the Lena to the delta of the Kolyma; south to China
and Japan in winter.
144 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Cygnus columbianus (Ord)
Anas Columbianus Ord, in Guthrie, Geog., 2nd Am. ed., 2, 1815, p. 319,
(The Dalles, Oregon, ex Lewis and Clark Exp., 2, p. 192.)
Breeds in North America chiefly north of the Arctic Circle from Alaska
to Hudson Bay, north to about lat. 79°; St. Lawrence Island. Winters
principally along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts from southern Alaska to
California and from Chesapeake Bay to Currituck Sound.
Cygnus buccinator Richardson
Cygnus buccinator Richardson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.
Am., 2, 1831 (1832), p. 464. (Hudson Bay.)
Now breeds from British Columbia to the west shore of Hudson Bay and
locally to Wyoming; in winter south to southern California and Texas and
casually further east.
Cygnus olor (Gmelin)
Anas Olor Gmehn, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 502. (Restricted type
locality, Russia; cf. Oberholser, antea, p. 9.)
Now breeds in southern Scandinavia, Denmark, east Russia, central
and southern Russia, lower Danube valley, Asia Minor and Persia east
through Turkestan to Mongolia; in winter to northern Africa, Black Sea,
northwestern India and Korea.
Cygnus melancoriphus (Molina)
Anas Melancoripha Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 234. (Chile.)
Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Falkland
Islands.
Genus CHENOPIS Wagler
Chenopis Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1234. Type, by monotypy, Ch. atrata
= Anas atrata Latham.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1914, p. 10-22.
Oberholser, Emu, 8, 1908, p. 9-11.
Chenopis atrata (Latham)
Anas atrata Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 834. (Lakes of Australia.)
Chenopis atrata roberti Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 446. (West
Australia.)
Austraha (except north central) and Tasmania.
Subfamily PLECTROPTERINAE
Genus ANSERANAS Lesson
Anseranas Lesson, Man. d'Orn., 2, 1828, p. 418. Type, by monotypy,
Anas melanoleuca Latham = Anas semipalmata Latham.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1914, p. 23-33.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 145
Anseranas semipalmata (Latham)
Anas semipalmata Latham, Trans. Limi. Soc. London, 4, 1798, p. 103.
(Hawkesbury River, New South Wales.)
Anseranas semipalmata hamiltoni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912,
p. 85. (Northwest AustraHa. Type from Parry's Creek.)
Southern New Guinea and AustraUa.
Genus PLECTROPTERUS Stephens
Pledropterus Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 12, pt. 2, 1824, p. 6. Type,
by subsequent designation, Anas gambensis Linn^. (Eyton, Monogr.
Anat., 1838, p. 10.)
cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 49-56.
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^Ethiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 45.
Plectropterus gambensis gambensis (Linne)
Anas gambensis Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 195. (Gambia.)
Africa from Gambia, Kordof an and the White Nile south to the Zambesi.
Plectropterus gambensis niger P. L. Sclater
Plectropterus niger P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 47.
(Type a cage bird said to have come from Zanzibar.)
Africa south of the Zambesi.
Subfamily CEREOPSINAE
Genus CEREOPSIS Latham
Cereopsis Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. Ixvii. Type, by monotypy,
Cereopsis n. hollandice Latham.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1914, p. 44-52.
Cereopsis n. hollandiae Latham
Cereopsis N. Hollandice Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. Ixvii. (New
South Wales = Islands of Bass Straits, apud Mathews.)
Cereopsis novaehollandiae georgi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 446.
(Twin-Peak Island, southwest AustraUa.)
Islands off south and southwest AustraUa and in Bass Straits.
Subfamily ANSERINAE
Genus CHEN Boie
Chen, Boie, Isis von Oken, 10, 1822, col. 563. Type, by monotypy, Anser
hyperboreus PaUas.
cf. Bent, BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 130, 1925, p. 164-188.
Kennard, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 9, 1927, p. 85-93.
146 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Chen cserulescens (Linne)
Anas ccerulescens Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (Hudson
Bay.)
Breeds on southwestern part of Baffin Island. Winters chiefly on coast
of Louisiana. Casual elsewhere,
Chen hyperborea (Pallas)
Anser hyperboreus Pallas, Spic. Zool., fasc. 6, 1769, p. 31. (Northeastern
Siberia.)
Breeds in North America east to Melville Peninsula and Southampton
Island (east shore of Hudson Bay?), also on the Arctic Islands just north.
Almost certainly breeds in northeastern Siberia and perhaps further west.
In winter south on the coast of Asia to Japan and most of temperate North
America but uncommon east of the Mississippi. Occasional in Europe.
Chen atlantica Kennard
Chen atlantica Kennard, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI., 9, 1927, p. 93. (Prin-
cess Anne Club, Back Bay, Princess Anne County, Virginia.)
Breeds on coasts of northern Greenland and eastern EUesmere Land,
Devon Island (?), Bylot Island(?). In winter on the Atlantic seaboard from
Chesapeake Bay to North Carolina.
Chen rossii (Cassin)
Anser Rossii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 73. (Great
Slave Lake.)
Breeding range unknown, possibly on Arctic coast or islands of North
America east of Kent Peninsula. Winters in the interior valleys of Cali-
fornia.
Genus ANSER Brisson
Anser Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 58. Type, by tautonymy, Anser domesti-
cus = Anas anser Linn6.
Melanonyx Buturlin: Psovaia i Rusheinaia Okhota, 1901, p. 22.
cf. Alpheraky, Geese Europe and Asia, 1905, p. 24-132.
Bent, BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 130, 1925, p. 188-204.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1278-1288.
Pleske, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, 1928, p. 313-319.
Anser anser (Linn6)
Anas Anser Linn6, Syst, Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (Restricted type
locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in Iceland; Europe north of a line from Friesland to the lower
Danube, Macedonia, southern Russia, northern and central Asia to
Ussuriland and Kamchatka. In winter south to the Mediterranean, north-
western Africa, northwestern India and China.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 147
' Anser albifrons albifrons (Scopoli)
Branta albifrons Scopoli, Annus I, Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 69. (Northern
Italy?.)
Breeds in Iceland, Finmark, Novaya Zemlj'-a, Kanin Peninsula, Kol-
guev Island, Arctic coast of Siberia to Bering Straits, New Siberian Islands
and Arctic America from Yukon delta to Anderson River; western Green-
land between 66° and 72° N. In winter to both shores of the Mediter-
ranean, Black and Caspian Seas, northern India, China and Japan; west-
ern North America south to Jalisco and the GuLf coast.
Anser albifrons gambelli Hartlaub
Anser Gambelli Hartlaub, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1852, p. 7. (Texas and
southern United States.)
Breeding range unknown, probably somewhere east of the Mackenzie
Delta. Winters in the Sacramento VaUey, California.^
Anser erythropus (Linn6)
Anas erythropus Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (Restricted
type locality. North Sweden. Lonnberg, Ibis, 1913, p. 401-402.)
Anser rhodorhynchus Buturlin, Psovaia i Rusheinaia Okhota, 1901, p. 19.
(Northern Asia.)
Breeds on the alpine mountains from Russian Lapland to the Kolyma
and perhaps to the Chuckchi Peninsula. Winters south to southern Eu-
rope, Egypt, Turkestan, northwest India, China and Japan.
Anser fabalis fabalis (Latham)
Anas Fabalis Latham, Gen. Syn. Suppl., 1, 1787, p. 297. (Great
Britain.)
Anser (Melanonyx) carneirostris Buturhn, Psovaia i Rusheinaia Okhota,
1901, p. 28, 44. (Novaya Zemlya.)
Anser oatesi Rickett, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 11, 1901, p. 46. (Foochow,
Fokien, China — based on fragments of a single example.)
Breeds from the Kanin Peninsula(?), and mouth of the Pechora, Kolguev
Island, Novaya Zemlya, Vaigatch and Yalmal Peninsula to the lower
Yenessei between lat. 69°-71° N. In winter south to the Mediterranean,
Black and Caspian Seas, Turkestan. Casual as far as China.
Anser fabalis sibiricus * (Alpheraky)
Melanonyx arvensis sibiricus Alpheraky, Geese Europe and Asia, 1905,
p. 104, pi. 10, 23. (East Siberia.)
Breeds along the Arctic coast of Siberia from the Taimyr Peninsula to
the Chuckclii Peninsula. In winter to China and Japan.
1 Swarth and Bryant, Univ. Calif. Publ. ZooL, 17, 1917, p. 209-222. Kuroda,
Condor, 31, 1929, p. 173-180.
* = Anser middendorffi, (part) of Sharpe.
148 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Anser f abalis serrirostris Swinhoe
Anser segetum var. serrirostris Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871,
p. 417. (Near Amoy, China.)
IMelanonyx segetum anadyrensis ButurHn, Nascha Ochota, Heft 11,
1908, p. 21-28. (Anadyr.)
"f Anser fahalis curtus Lonnberg, Fauna och Flora, 1923, p. 277. (Shansi,
China.)
Nests at the mouth of the Yenessei and in the northern part of Gouvern-
ment of Yakutsk (lower Lena, Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma Rivers) to the
Chuckchi Peninsula. In winter to China and Japan.
Anser neglectus Sushkin
Anser neglectus Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 5, 1896, p. 6. (No type
locality = Gouvernment of Ufa, east Russia, ex Ibis, 1897, p. 5-8.)
Believed to breed on Novaya Zemlya and Kolguev Island. Apparently
migrates through the Gouvernment of Ufa and winters in Hungary.
Anser brachyrhynchus Baillon
Anser Brachyrhynchus Baillon, Mem. Soc. R. Abbeville, 1833, p. 74.
(Abbeville on the lower Somme, France.)
Breeds in Iceland, Spitzbergen and possibly Franz Josef Land and the
Kola Peninsula. Winters in northwestern Europe.
Genus EULABEIA Reichenbach
Eulabeia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) p. ix. Type, by orig-
inal designation. Anas indica Latham.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1288-1289. (Sub nom. Anser
indicus.)
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 4, 1929, p. 405-407.
Eulabeia indica (Latham)
Anas indica Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 839. (India in winter, and
Tibet.)
Breeds on the lakes of high central Asia from the Tian-Shans (and Ala-
tau) to Ladakh and Kokonor. Winters from Sind to Assam and northern
Burma.
Genus CYGNOPSIS J. F. Brandt
Cygnopsis J. F. Brandt, Descr. et Icon. Anim. Ross. Nov. Aves, fasc. 1,
1836, p. 5. Type, by subsequent designation. Anas cygnoid [es] Linn6.
(Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 73.)
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1276-1277.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 149
Cygnopsis cygnoid (Linne)
Anas Cygnoid Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 122. (Asia.)
Siberia from the Tobol and the Ob to Kamchatka, the Commander and
Kurile Islands south to the Altai, Lake Baikal and Ussuri. Winters in
China.
Genus PHILACTE Bannister
Philade Bannister, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 131. Type, by
monotypy, Anas canagica Sewastianov.
cf. Bent, BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 130, 1925, p. 263-269.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1289-1290. (Sub nom. Anser
canagicus.)
- Philacte canagica (Sewastianov)
Anas Canagica Sewastianov, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. St. P^tersb., 13,
1802, p. 349, pi. 10. (Kanaga Island, Aleutian Islands.)
Breeds on the northeast coast of Siberia, northwest coast of Alaska and
on St. Lawrence Island. Winters chiefly in the Aleutian Islands.
Genus BRANTA Scopoli
Branta ScopoU, Annus I, Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 67. Ty^e, by subsequent
designation. Anas bernicla Linn^. (Bannister, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
PhUa., 1870, p. 131.)
cf. Bent, BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 130, 1925, p. 204-263.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1292-1299.
Schiller, Danmarks Fugle, 1, 1925, p. 497-523.
Branta bernicla bernicla (Linn^)
Anas Bernicla Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (Northern
Europe = Sweden.)
Breeds in northern Europe and Asia from Novaya Zemlya to the Taimyr
Peninsula; Franz Joseph Land; Kolguev Island. Winters on the coasts of
northwestern Europe.
Branta bernicla hrota (0. F. Miiller)
Anas Hrota 0. F. Miiller, Zool. Dan. Prodr., 1776, p. 14. (Iceland.)
Breeds in Arctic America from long. 100° W. (110° W.?) south tolat.
74° N., on both western and eastern coasts of Greenland south to 70° N.,
and on Spitzbergen. Winters chiefly on the Atlantic coast of the United
States from New Jersey to North CaroUna, also on the coasts of north-
western Europe.
_Branta bernicla nigricans (Lawrence)
Anser nigricans Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 4, 1846, p. 171,
pi. 12. (Egg Harbor, New Jersey.)
150 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds on the Arctic coasts of Siberia from the Taimyr Peninsula and
New Siberian Islands eastward; Arctic America on the mainland east to
Coronation GuK and on the islands east to long. 110° W. (100° W.?).
In winter on western shores of the Pacific south to Japan and northern
China and on the east from Vancouver Island to Lower California.
Branta leucopsis (Bechstein)
Anas leiicopsis Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb., Th. 2, 1803, p. 424. (Ger-
many.)
Breeds in northeastern Greenland and in Spitzbergen. In winter to the
British Isles and the coasts of the North and Baltic Seas.
Branta canadensis canadensis (Linn6)
Anas canadensis Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (Canada.)
Breeds in North America south of the Barren Grounds. Upper Yukon,
Mackenzie (Fort Anderson), Labrador (Okak) south to northeastern Cali-
fornia, northern Utah, northern Colorado, South Dakota, James Bay, Gulf
of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland. Winters chiefly in the United States.
Branta canadensis hutchinsii (Richardson)
Anser Hutchinsii Richardson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-
Am., 2, 1831 (1832), p. 470. (MelviUe Peninsula.)
Breeds in northeastern Siberia and on the Commander and Kurile
Islands; Barren Grounds of North America from northern Alaska east to
southern Baffin Land, Southampton Island and west shore of Hudson Bay
(ChurchiU), north to Victoria Land and Boothia Peninsula. Winters south
to Japan and in the western United States.
Branta canadensis occidentalis (Baird)
Bernicla occidentalis Baird, Report Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac, 9, 1858,
p. 766. (Port Townsend, Washington.)
Resident from Prince William Sound, Alaska, to the Queen Charlotte
Islands.
Branta canadensis minima Ridgway
Branta minima Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885, p. 22. (Pacific
coast of North America = St. Michaels, Alaska.)
Breeds on the Bering Sea coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.
Winters west of the Rocky Mountains from southern British Columbia to
San Diego County, California.
Branta ruficollis (Pallas)
Anser ruficollis Pallas, Spic. ZooL, fasc. 6, 1769, p. 21, pi. 4. (Lower Ob,
southern Russia.)
Breeds on the Siberian Tundra from the Ob to the Khatanga. Winters in
the southern part of the Caspian Sea and in the Aral Sea.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 151
Genus NESOCHEN Salvadori
Nesochen, Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 81 (in key) p. 126.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Anser sandvicensis
Vigors.
cf. Wilson and Evans, Aves Hawaiienses, pt. 4, 1893 [= p. 187-189 and
pi.].
-Nesochen sandvicensis (Vigors)
Anser sandvicensis Vigors, List Anim. Garden Zool. Soc, ed. 3, 1833, p. 4.
(Hawaiian Islands.)
Hawaiian Islands. Now nearly extinct in the wild state.
Genus CHLOEPHAGA Eyton
Chloephaga Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 13. Type, by original desig-
nation, Anas magellanica Gmelin = Anas leucoptera Gmelin.
cf. Blaauw, Ibis, 1920, p. 497-498.
Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 75.
Wetmore, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 24, 1926, p. 415.
Chloephaga melanoptera (Eyton)
Anser melanopterus Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 93. (Lake Titicaca.)
Western South America from the highlands of Peru and Bolivia to the
Straits of Magellan.
Chloephaga leucoptera (Gmelin)
Anas leucoptera Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 505. (Falkland
Islands.)
Southern Chile, southern Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Islands.
Chloephaga dispar (Philippi and Landbeck)
Bernicla dispar Philippi and Landbeck, An. Univ. Chile, 21, 1862, p. 431.
(Chile.)
Pacific slope of the Chilean cordiUera to the Straits of Magellan.
■ Chloephaga poliocephala Sclater
Chloephaga poliocephala Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857, p. 128.
(ex pi. 165 in Gray, Gen. Bds.)
Southern Chile, southern Argentina and Tierra del Fuego.
-Chloephaga rubidiceps Sclater
Chloephaga rubidiceps Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 387,
pi. 173. (Falkland Islands.)
Falkland Islands; occasional in southern Argentina.
152 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
— '-- Chloephaga hybrida hybrida (Molina)
Anas Hybrida Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 24L (Chiloe
Island.)
Chile from Chiloe southward, southern Argentina, Tierra del Fuego.
Chloephaga hybrida malvinarum Phillips
Chloephaga hybrida malvinarum Phillips, Auk, 33, 1916, p. 423. (Port
Stephens, West Falkland, Falkland Islands.)
Falkland Islands.
Genus CYANOCHEN Bonaparte
Cyanochen Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 648.
Type, by monotypy, Bernicla cyanoptera Riippell.
^ cf. Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1900, p. 138-139.
Cyanochen cyanopterus (Riippell)
Bernicla cyanoptera Riippell, Syst. Uebers., 1845, p. 129, pi. 47. (Shoa.)
Highlands of Ethiopia and Shoa.
Genus CHENONETTA Brandt
Chenonetta Brandt, Descr. Icon. Anim. Ross. Nov. Aves, fasc. 1, 1836,
p. 5. Type, by monotypy, Anser lophotus Brandt = Anas jubata
Latham.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1914, p. 51-59.
— Chenonetta jubata (Latham)
Anas jubata Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl., 1801, p. Ixix. (New South Wales.)
Chenonetta jubata alexanderi Mathews, Austral. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 56.
(Northwest Australia.)
Australia and Tasmania.
Subfamily DENDROCYGNINAE
Genus DENDROCYGNA Swainson
Dendrocygna Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, 1837, p. 365. Type, by subse-
quent designation, Anas arcuata Horsfield.
(Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 28.)
Ctenanas Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915, p. 90. (New name for
Leptotarsis Eyton [type, by monotypy, Leptotarsis eytoni Eyton] on
grounds of preoccupation by Leptotarsus Guerin.)
cf. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 115-182.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 153
• Dendrocygna viduata (Linne)
Anas viduata Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 205. (Carthagena.
Colombia.)
Tropical South America south to the Argentine Chaco, Paraguay and
Uruguay. Africa south of the Sahara to southern Angola and the Umlazi
River; Madagascar; Comoro Islands.
Dendrocygna bicolor helva Wetmore and Peters
Dendrocygna bicolor helva Wetmore and Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
35, 1922, p. 42. (Unlucky Lake, San Diego County, California.)
Breeds locally from southern California east to southeastern Texas and
south to Lake Chapala and the Valley of Mexico. In winter south to Gue-
rrero and Tabasco.
Dendrocygna bicolor bicolor (Vieillot)
Anas bicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 136. (Paraguay.)
Northern tropical South America from Colombia to the Guianas; Trini-
dad; Brazil from Bahia southwest to Tucuman thence southeast to Buenos
Aires Province. East Africa from Kordofan and Sennar to Natal; Mada-
gascar; India and Ceylon; Bengal to Pegu.
Dendrocygna arcuata (Horsfield)
Anas arcuata Horsfield, Zool. Res. Java, pt. 8, 1824, pi. [64.] (Java.)
Dendrocygna javanica peroni Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 86.
(Northwest AustraUa.)
Philippines, Borneo, Java, Bali, Sumba, Celebes, Timor, Moluccas, east-
ern New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji Islands.
Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield)
Anas Javanica Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 199.
(Java.)
India from Sind eastward to the coast of southern China, south over the
Indian Peninsula, Ceylon, Nicobar Islands, Malay Peninsula, Siam and
Cochin China; Riu Kiu Islands, southwestern half of Borneo; Sumatra;
Java.
Dendrocygna autumnalis autumnalis (Linne)
Anas autumnalis Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 127. (America.)
Sinaloa, Nuevo Leon and southeastern Texas south to the Canal Zone.
Dendrocygna autumnalis discolor Sclater and Salvin
Dendrocygna discolor Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873,
p. 161. (Venezuela, Guiana and Brazil.)
Eastern Panama and tropical South America to Guayaquil on the west,
east over Amazonia and the Guianas to southern Brazil (Sao Paulo);
northern Argentina? Trinidad, and occasional in some of the southern
Lesser Antilles.
154 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Dendrocygna arborea (Linn^)
Anas arborea Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 128. (America =
Jamaica.)
Bahama Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, northern Lesser
Antilles.
Dendrocygna guttata Schlegel
Dendrocygna guttulata Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 36.
(Buru, Ceram and Celebes) nomen nudum.
Dendrocygna guttata Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 6, 1866, Anseres, p. 85.
(Celebes.)
Basilan and Mindanao, Celebes, Moluccas, Buru, Ceram, Amboina,
Tenimber, Aru and Kei Islands, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago.
(Gunantambu Island.)
Dendrocygna eytoni (Eyton)
Leptotarsis Eytoni Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 111. (Northwest
Australia.)
Dendrocygna eytoni munna Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 86.
([Northwest] AustraUa.)
Australia and Tasmania.
Subfamily ANATINAE
Genus ALOPOCHEN Stejneger
Alopochen Stejneger, Standard Nat. Hist., 4, 1885, p. 141. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, Anas cegyptiaca Linn6. (Oberholser, Journ.
Wash. Acad. Sci., 8, 1918, p. 572.)
cj. Philhps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 187-199.
Alopochen aegyptiaca (Linn6)
Anas cegyptiaca Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 197. (Egypt.)
Africa south of the Sahara, also the entire Nile Valley; southern Pales-
tine. Numerous instances of casual occurrence in Europe.
Genus NEOCHEN Oberholser
Neochen Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 8, 1918, p. 571. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Anser jubatus Spix.
cf. Philhps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 200-203.
Neochen jubata (Spix)
Anser jubatus Spix, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 84, pi. 108. ("Ad ripam fl.
Solimoens in insula Praya das Ongas.")
Basins of the Orinoco and the Amazon and their affluents.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 155
Genus SARKIDIORNIS Etton
Sarkidiomis 'Eytou, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 20. Type, by original
designation, Anser melanotos Pennant.
cf. Phillips, Xat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 68-79.
■Sarkidiomis melanota (Pennant)
Anser melanotos Pennant, Indian Zool., 1769, p. 12, pi. 11. (Ceylon.)
Africa from Gambia and the Sudan south to Cape Colony; Madagascar;
India and Ceylon, Burma, Tenasserim, Siam and southeastern China.
• Sarkidiomis caninculata (Lichtenstein)
Anas carmiculata Lichtenstein, Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Phys. KI.,
1816-17 (1819) p. 176. (Brazil, ex Marcgrave.)
Eastern tropical South America from Venezuela south to northern
Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil (Sao Paulo).
Genus CAIRINA Flemng
Cairina Fleming, Philos. Zool., 2, 1822, p. 260. Type, by monotypy,
Anas moschata Linne.
cf. Philhps, Xat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 57-67.
■Cairina moschata (Linne)
Arwzsmosc/iotoLinne, Syst. Nat.,ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. ("India." Brazil
substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 131.)
Mexico (iSIazatlan and central Tamaulipas) south through Central
America and South America to the coast of Peru on the west and to La
Plata estuary in the east; casual to the Rio Negro, Argentina.
Genus ASARCORNIS Salvadori
Asarcornis, Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 46 (in key),
p. 59. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Anas scutulata
S. MiiUer.
cf. Philhps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 80-84.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., Bds., 6, 1929, p. 387-389.
Asarcornis scutulata (S. MiiUer)
Anas scutulata S. Mliller, Verh. Nat. Ges. Ned. Land-en Volkenk., 1842,
p. 159 (Java.)
Assam south through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Java.
Genus COSCOROBA Reichenbach
Coscoroba Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) p. x. Type, by
original designation and tautonymy, Anser candidus Vieillot = An,as
coscoroba Molina.
cf. Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 42-44.
156 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Coscoroba coscoroba (Molina)
Anas Coscoroba Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 234. (Chile.)
Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Falkland Islands.
Genus CASARCA Bonaparte
Casarca Bonaparte, Comp. List Bds. Europe and North America, 1838,
p. 56. Type, by monotypy and tautonjmay Anas rutila Pallas = Anas
casarca Linne = Anas ferruginea Pallas.
of. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 230-264.
Casarca ferruginea (Pallas)
Anas ferruginea Pallas, in Vroeg's Cat. 1764, Adumbr., p. 5. (No type
locality given = Tartary.)
Breeds chiefly from southeastern Europe and western Mediterranean
lands north and east across Asia to Transbaikalia, and the upper Amur,
south to Persia, the Himalayas and southwestern China. Winters in the
southern half of its breeding range and to the Nile Valley; India and south-
ern China.
Casarca cana (Gmelin)
Anas cana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 510. (Cape of Good
Hope.)
Cape Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal.
Casarca tadornoides (Jardine and Selby)
Anas tadornoides Jardine and Selby, 111. Cm., 2, 1828, pi. 62 and text.
(New South Wales.)
Casarca tadornoides westralis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 118.
(Southwest Australia, type from Augusta.)
West and South Austraha, Victoria and Tasmania.
Casarca variegata (Gmelin)
Anas variegata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 505. (New Zealand
= Dusky Sound, ex Latham.)
New Zealand.
Genus STICTONETTA Reichenbach
Stictonetta Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853) p. ix. Type, by
original designation. Anas ncevosa Gould,
c/. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 92-93.
Stictonetta ngevosa (Gould)
Anas ncBvosa Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 177. (West
Australia.)
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 157
Stidonetta ncevosa lesueuri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 87.
(New South Wales.)
Stidonetta hranda Mathews, Bds. Austr., 4, 1915, pi. 215. (New South
Wales.)
West Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
Genus TADORNA Fleming
Tadorna Fleming, Philos. ZooL, 2, 1822, p. 260. Type, by tautonymy,
Anas tadorna Linn^.
c/. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1301-1303.
Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 204-227.
•Tadorna tadorna (Linne)
Anas Tadorna Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 122. (Coasts of
Europe = Sweden.)
Breeds on the coasts of Norway and southern Sweden, British Isles,
coast of France, east to Esthonia; locally about the shores of the Mediter-
ranean, Black and Caspian Seas and eastward on the saline lakes of central
Asia to East Siberia, Mongoha and Tibet. Winters from the southern part
of its breeding range to northern Africa, Arabia, India, South China and
Japan.
Tadorna radjah radjah (Lesson)
Anas radjah "Lesson and Garnot," Lesson, Man. d'Orn., 2, 1828, p. 417.
(Buru.)
Moluccas, Ceram, Buru, Waigiu, Salawatti, New Guinea and the Aru
Islands.
Tadorna radjah rufitergum Hartert
Tadorna radjah rufitergum Hartert, Nov. ZooL, 12, 1905, p. 205. (South
AUigator River, Northern Territory.)
Tadorna radjah flindersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 86.
(Cooktown, Queensland.)
Northern and eastern tropical Australia.
Genus PSEUDOTADORNA Kuroda
Pseudotadorna Kuroda, Tori, 1, 1917, p. 1. Type, by monotypy, Pseudo-
tadorna cristata Kuroda.
cf. PhilUps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 228-229.
Pseudotadorna cristata Kuroda
Pseudotadorna cristata Kuroda, Tori, 1, 1917, p. 1, f. 1. (Naktung
River, near Fusan, Korea.)
158 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pseudotadorna cornuta "Kuroda," Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920,
p. 1305. (Substitute name for P. cristata.)
Known only from three (to 1930) specimens, two from Korea and one
from near Vladivostok. Possibly a hybrid.
Genus NESONETTA G. R. Gkay
Nesonetta G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1844, p. 627. Type, by original
designation, Nesonetta aucklandica G. R. Gray.
cf. PhilHps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 89-91.
Nesonetta aucklandica G. R. Gray
Nesonetta aucklandica G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 3, 1844, p. 627, pi. 169, f. 4
(head). (Auckland Islands.)
Auckland Islands.
Genus ANAS Linne
Anas Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 122. T3T)e, by subsequent
designation, Anas boschas Linne = Anas platyrhynchos Linne. (Les-
son, Man. d'Orn., 2, 1828, p. 417.)
Lophonetta Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, 1914, p. 100. Type, by
original designation. Anas cristata Gmelin.
Horizonetta Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 119. Type,
by original designation, Anas laysanensis Rothschild.
Afranas Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 204. Type, by original
designation. Anas undulata Dubois.
Melananas Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 204. Type, by orig-
inal designation. Anas sparsa Eyton.
Micronetta Roberts, Ann. Trgjisv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 204. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Anas punctata Burchell.
Notonetta Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 204. Type, by orig-
inal designation. Anas capensis Gmelin.
Sihirionetta Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1929, p. 11 (sub-
genus). Type, by original designation, Anas formosa Georgi.
Amazonetta Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1929, p. 12. Type, by
original designation. Anas braziliensis Gmelin.
Speculanas Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1929, p. 14. Type, by
original designation. Anas specularis King.
cj. Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 126, 1923, p. 34-75; 98-130; 144-158.
(Anas, Eunetta, Nettion, Querquedula, Dafila, Poecilonetta.)
Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, 1929, p. 10-15.^
1 I believe it best to follow the treatment of this genus as constituted by
Hartert and by Phillips. The only other alternative is to break it up into a large
number of genera and subgenera, each one monotypic. It does seem, however,
that the "Widgeons" constitute a small, well-defined group, so I maintain
Mareca, and for similar reasons Chaulelasmus, is also kept distinct.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 159
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1306-1328. (Except strepera,
penelope and americana.)
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 214-218. (Except
Mareca and Nesonetta.)
Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 2, 1923, p. 3-409. (Except penelope,
americana, sibilatrix, strepera, and couesi.)
Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 3-9.
Schiller, Damnarks Fugle, 1, 1925, p. 269-349. (Nettion, Dafila,
Anas, Querquedula.)
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^thiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 41-43.
"Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Linne
Anas platyrhynchos Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 125. (Europe,
restricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in Europe and Asia from the Arctic Circle south to the Mediter-
ranean Sea, Asia Minor, northern Persia, Turkestan, Tibet, Central China,
Korea and northern Japan; also Iceland ( = A. p. subboschas Brehm, if the
race is valid) and the Azores. In North America from northern Alaska and
the Mackenzie Delta to the west shore of Hudson Bay (Fort Churchill),
south to northern Lower California, southern New Mexico, eastern Kansas,
central Missouri, southern Ohio and the upper James River in Virginia.
Winters from southern half of its breeding range to northern Africa, Nile
Valley, Persian Gulf, India, Burma, southern China, Japan, southern
Mexico and Florida. Many casual records.
Anas platyrhynchos conboschas C. L. Brehm
Anas conboschas C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., 1831,
p. 865. (Greenland.)
Breeds on the coasts of Greenland, on the west, north to Upernavik and
on the east, north to Angmagsalik.
Anas wyvilliana Sclater
Anas wyvilliana Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878, p. 350. (Ha-
waiian Islands.)
Hawaiian Islands. Accidental at Mazatlan, Mexico {Anas aberti Ridg-
way).
-Anas oustaleti Salvadori
Anas oustaleti Salvadori, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 4, 1894, p. 1. (Marianne
Islands.)
Islands of Guam, Saipan and Tinian, Marianne Group.
-Anas laysanensis Rothschild
Anas laysanensis Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 1, 1892, p. 17. (Lay-
san Island.)
Laysan Island. (14 birds left in 1923.)
160 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Anas poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha Swinhoe
Anas zonorhyncha Swinhoe, Ibis, 1866, p. 394. (Ningpo, China.)
Eastern Asia from Dauria, the Amur River, southern Sakhahn and the
Kurile Islands south to southern China and Formosa.
Anas poecilorhyncha haringtoni (Gates)
Polionetta haringtoni Gates, Jo urn. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 17, 1907,
p. 558. (Shan States.)
Burma, Shan States, Yunnan.
Anas poecilorhyncha poecilorhyncha J. R. Forster
Anas poecilorhyncha J. R. Forster, Zool. Indica, 1781, p. 23, pi. 13, f. 1.
(Ceylon.)
The whole of India to western Assam; Ceylon.
Anas superciliosa pelewensis Hartlaub and Finsch
Anas superciliosa var. pelewensis Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1872, p. 108. (Pelew Islands.)
Pelew Islands, northern New Guinea, Solomon, Fiji, Samoan and Tonga
Islands and Tahiti.
Anas superciliiosa percna Riley
Anas superciliosa percna Riley, Proc, Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, 1919, p. 93.
(Koelawi, Celebes.)
Celebes. (This is probably the form found in western Sumatra, Java,
Lesser Sunda Islands and Buru.)
Anas superciliosa rogersi Mathews
Anas superciliosa rogersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 33.
(Augusta, southwest Australia.)
Australia and Tasmania.
Anas superciliosa superciliosa Gmelin
Anas superciliosa Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 537. (New Zea-
land.)
New Zealand.
Anas luzonica Fraser
Anas Luzonica Fraser, Proc, Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 113. (Island of
Luzon.)
Philippine Islands.
Anas melleri Sclater
Anas melleri Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864 (1865), p. 487, pi. 34.
(Madagascar.)
Madagascar; Mauritius (introduced).
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 161
■— - Anas fulvigula fulvigula Ridgway
Anas obscura yar. fulvigula Ridgway, Am. Nat., 8, 1874, p. 111. (St.
John's River, Florida.)
Gulf coast of Florida (possibly Alabama), and north on the east coast of
Florida to the St. John's River.
- — Anas fulvigula maculosa Sennett
Anas maculosa Sennett, Auk, 6, 1889, p. 263. (Nueces Bay, Texas.)
Gulf coast of the United States from Texas to Mississippi.
*--^" Anas diazi diazi Ridgway
Anas diazi Ridgway, Auk, 3, 1886, p. 332. (San Ysidoro, Puebla,
Mexico.)
Highlands of Central Mexico.
— — Anas diazi novimexicana Huber
Anas novimexicana Huber, Auk, 37, 1920, p. 273. (Rio Grande, west of
Las Cruces, Dona Ana Co., New Mexico.)
Southwestern United States in the upper Rio Grande Valley.
' — -- Anas rubripes rubripes Brewster
Anas obscura rubripes Brewster, Auk, 19, 1902, p. 184. (New Hampshire
shore of Lake Umbagog.)
Breeds from the west shore of Hudson Bay (Fort Churchill?) to southern
James Bay and Lake Superior; eastward limits not known. Winters south
to the Gulf of Mexico and on the entire Atlantic coast to Florida.
— — Anas rubripes tristis Brewster
Anas rubripes tristis Brewster, Auk, 26, 1909, p. 176. (New name for
Anas obscura Gmehn [not Pontoppidan] New York, ex Latham.)
Breeds chiefly along the Atlantic coast from Labrador to North Caro-
lina; westward limits not known. In winter from Nova Scotia to Florida
and on the Gulf coast.
Anas undulata ruppelli Blyth
Anas Ruppelli Blji;h, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 24, 1856, p. 265. (Cen-
tral Africa = inner northeast Africa.)
Upper Blue Nile and Ethiopian Lake region.
— Anas undulata undulata DuBois
Anas undulata DuBois, Orn. Gall., 1, 1837, p. 119, pi. 77. (Cape of Good
Hope.)
Africa from Angola, Uganda and Kenya Colony southward.
162 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Anas sparsa leucostigma Riippell
A7ias leucostigma Riippell, Syst. Uebers. Vog. N.-O. Afr., 1845, p. 130,
138, pi. 48. (Abyssinia.)
Eastern Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and western Ethiopia south through
eastern Congo, Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory, southern limit
not known.
Anas sparsa sparsa Eyton
Anas sparsa Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 142. (South Africa.)
South Africa, northern Limits not known.
Anas chlorotis G. R. Gray
Anas chlorotis G. R. Gray, Voy. 'Erebus' and 'Terror,' Bds., 1845, p. 15,
pi. 20. (New Zealand.)
New Zealand and Chatham Island.
Anas cyanoptera cyanoptera Vieillot
Anas cyanoptera Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 104. (La
Plata River and Buenos Aires.)
Breeds in North America from southern British Columbia and the cen-
tral valleys of the Pacific states to the western edge of the Great Plains,
south to northern Lower California and central Mexico. Winters in
Mexico and Central America. Breeds also in South America from Argen-
tina and Chile southward, and in the Falkland Islands. Occurs regularly
and perhaps breeds in Colombia and Ecuador.
Anas cyanoptera orinomus (Oberholser)
Qnerquedula orinomus Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, 1906, p. 93.
(Puna, Lake Titicaca, Peru.)
Andean plateau of Peru and Bolivia.
Anas discors Linn6
Anas discors Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 205. (North America
= Virginia or Carolina.)
Querquedida discors albinucha Kennard, Auk, 36, 1919, p. 459. (Grand
Chenier, Cameron Parish, Louisiana.)
Breeds in North America east of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada from
Great Slave Lake and Lake Winnipeg (rarely to the Gulf of St. Lawrence
and northern New England) south to Nevada, New Mexico and Louisiana.
Winters south over Mexico, Central America and the West Indies to north-
ern South America (Peru on the west and Cayenne on the northeast).
Anas querquedula Linne
Anas Querquedida Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Europe,
restricted type locality, Sweden.)
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 163
Breeds in southeastern England, southern Sweden, Finland and north-
ern Russia east across Asia (south of lat. 60° N.) to Kamchatka; south to
France, Italy, Black and Caspian Seas, Turkestan, Tibet(?) , Manchuria and
northern Japan (Hokkaido). Winters from the Mediterranean to West
Africa (Nigeria), upper Egypt and Kenya Colony; southern Arabia, India,
Indo-Chinese countries, Sunda Islands, Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas
and New Guinea.
Anas castanea (Eyton)
Mareca castanea Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 119, pi. [19]. (New
South Wales.)
Virago castanea alexanderi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 56,
(Southwest Austraha.)
Australia (absent from the north coast and the interior) ; Tasmania,
Anas gibberifrons gibberifrons S. Miiller
Anas (Mareca) gibberifrons S. Miiller, Verb. nat. ges. Ned., Land-en
Volkenk., 1842, p. 159, note. (Celebes.)
Java, Celebes, Lesser Sunda Islands, Aru and Kei Islands, New Guinea,
Rennell Island, New Caledonia.
Anas gibberifrons mathewsi Phillips
Anas gibberifrons mathewsi PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 2, 1923, p. 266,
new name to replace
Nettion castaneum rogersi Mathews (not Anas superciliosa rogersi
Mathews), Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 86. (Northwest Australia, type
said to be from Parry's Creek.)
Australia (except Melville and Cape York Peninsulas) ; Tasmania.
Anas gibberifrons gracilis Buller
Anas gracilis Buller, Ibis, 1869, p. 41. (Manawatu, North Island, New
Zealand.)
New Zealand.
Anas albogularis albogularis (Hume)
Mareca albogularis Hume, Str. Feath., 1, 1873, p. 303. (Andaman
Islands.)
Southern Andaman Islands.
?Anas albogularis leucopareus (Fleming)
Polionetta albigularis leucopareus Fleming, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24,
1911, p. 215. (North Reef Island, Andamans.)
North Reef Island and possibly Middle Andaman, Andaman Islands.
164 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Anas bernieri (Hartlaub)
Querquedula Bernieri "J. Verr." Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 173.
(Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
Anas capensis Gmelin
Anas capensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 527. (Cape of Good
Hope.)
Africa from the Cunene, Bechuanaland, African lakes, Uganda and
southern Ethiopia southward. Apparently absent from southeastern
Africa. Recorded from Lake Chad and Senegambia.
Anas punctata Burchell
Anas punctata Burchell, Travels, 1, 1822, p. 283, note. (Zak River,
Cape Province.)
Africa from southern Angola, Uganda and Shoa to Cape Province;
Madagascar.
Anas crecca crecca Linne
Anas Crecca Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in Europe and Asia north to lat. 70°, south to the Mediter-
ranean Sea, the Caucasus, Transcaspia, Turkestan, Dzungaria, MongoUa,
northeastern China, Manchuria and Hoklcaido; Aleutian Islands; Iceland.
Winters in Iceland and western Europe and from the southern part of its
breeding range to northern Africa, Nile Valley, Somaliland, Persia, India
and Ceylon, Assam, southern China and the Philippines. Many instances
of casual occurrence elsewhere.
Anas crecca carolinensis Gmelin
Anas carolinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 533. (Carolina to
Hudson Bay.)
Breeds from northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Great Slave Lake
and Fort Churchill south to California, northern New Mexico and Iowa
(formerly), east to Manitoba and Minnesota, locally and rarely to the Gulf
of St. Lawrence. Winters in the southern United States, Mexico, northern
Central America and the West Indies.
Anas formosa Georgi
Anasformosa Georgi, Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich, 1, 1775, p. 168. (Lake
Bailcal.)
Breeds in eastern Siberia from the middle Lena River east to the Kolyma
delta and Anadyr, south to Lake Baikal (?) Amurland, northern Sakhalin
and northern Kamchatka. Winters in China, Japan and Formosa.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 165
■ Anas falcata Georgi
Anas falcata Georgi, Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich, 1, 1775, p. 167. (Asi-
atic Russia.)
Breeds in northern Asia south of the Arctic Circle from the upper Yenesei
to Kamchatka, south to northern Mongoha(?), the Amur and Ussuriland.
Winters in Japan, Korea, eastern and southern China to upper Burma.
— — Anas leucophrys Vieillot
Anas leucophrys Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 156. (Para-
guay.)
Southern Bolivia, Paraguay, southwestern (Matto Grosso) and southern
(Rio Grande do Sul) Brazil, northeastern Argentina and Uruguay.
— ~ Anas brasiliensis Gmelin
Anas brasiliensis Gmehn, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 517. (Brazil.)
Eastern South America from the Orinoco, western Brazil, eastern Boli-
via, Paraguay, northern Argentina and Uruguay to the Atlantic Ocean.
"Anas specularioides alticola Men^gaux
Anas cristata alticola Menegaux, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (10), 1, 1909,
p. 224. (Lake Poopo, Bohvia.)
Highlands of Peru and BoHvia.
Anas specularioides specularioides King
Anas specularioides King, Zool. Journ., 4, 1828, p. 98. (Straits of
Magellan.) ^
Mountains of Chile, southern and western Argentina, Tierra del Fuego
and Falkland Islands.
— — Anas specularis King
Anas specularis King, Zool. Journ., 4, 1828, p. 98. (Straits of Magellan.)
Andes of Chile and Argentina from lat. 40° S. to the Straits of Magellan.
— '- Anas versicolor puna Tschudi
Anas Puna Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Band 1, 1844, p. 315. (Peru.)
Highlands of Peru, Bolivia and northern Chile (above 12,000 feet).
-~— Anas versicolor versicolor Vieillot
Anas versicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 109. (Para-
guay.)
Chile, southern Bolivia, Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul south to Tierra
del Fuego; Falkland Islands.
^ Anas cristata Gmelin, the earliest name for this species, is preoccupied by
Anas cristata J. B. Fischer, Vers. Nat. Livland, 1778, p. 81.
166 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
— — Anas andium (Sclater and Salvin)
Querquedula andium Sclater and Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873,
p. 162. (High Ecuador between Rio Bamba and Mocha.)
High Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and western Venezuela.
— Anas flavircstris oxyptera Meyen
Anas oxyptera Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 16, suppl.,
1834, p. 121, pi. 26. (Southern Peru.)
Andean region of central and southern Peru, western Bolivia, northern
Chile and northern Argentina (Jujuy and Salta).
■~— - Anas flavircstris flavircstris Vieillot
Anas flavirostris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 107. (Bue-
nos Aires.)
Southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and central Chile south to
Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.
- ■ - Anas eatcni eatcni (Sharpe)
Querquedula eatoni Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 328. (Kerguelen Island.)
Kerguelen Island.
Anas eatcni drygalskii Reichenow
Anas drygalskii Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 12, 1904, p. 47. (Crozet
Islands.)
Crozet Islands.
- — Anas gecrgica Gmelin
Anas georgica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 516. ("Georgia
austraU America.")
Island of South Georgia.
»—- Anas spinicauda Vieillot
Anas spinicauda Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 135.
(Buenos Aires.)
Southern South America from the highlands of Peru and plateau of
Bohvia to southern Brazil and south to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.
Anas acuta acuta Linne
Anas acuta Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Europe, restricted
type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in Iceland and in northern Europe and Asia south to the northern
British Isles, Germany, southern Russia, Transcaspia, Turkestan, Altai,
Transbaikaha, the Amur, Kamchatka and Commander Islands (?). Winters
south to northern Africa, the Nile Valley, Shoa, Persian Gulf, India, Cey-
lon, Burma, Siam, southern China and Formosa.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 167
Anas acuta tzitzihoa Vieillot
Anas tzitzihoa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 163. (Mexico,
ex Hernandez.)
Breeds from Arctic coast of northwestern North America east to Hudson
Bay, south to southern California, northern Colorado and central Iowa.
Winters from southern British Columbia, Mississippi Valley and Chesa-
peake Bay to Panama and the West Indies; Hawaiian Islands.
Anas angustirostris Menetries
Anas angustirostris Menetries, Cat. Rais. Obj. Zool. Caucase, 1832, p. 58.
(Lenkoran.)
Breeds in southern Spain, northern Africa, Cyprus, Syria, southern Cas-
pian Sea, Persia and Baluchistan. Winters chiefly in northwestern India.
Anas bahamensis bahamensis Linne
Anas bahamensis Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (Bahama
Islands, ex Catesby.)
Bahama Islands, Greater and northern Lesser Antilles, the Guianas and
northern Brazil.
Anas bahamensis rubrirostris Vieillot
Anas rubrirostris VieUlot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 108. (Bue-
nos Aires.)
Southern BrazU, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern and eastern Argentina.
Occurs in Peru, Bolivia and Chile but status not known.
Anas galapagensis (Ridgway)
Poecilonetta galapagensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, 1889,
p. 115. (Charles Island, Galapagos.)
Galapagos Islands.
Anas erythrorhyncha Gmelin
Anas erythrorhyncha Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 517. (Cape of
Good Hope.)
Africa from BengueUa, the upper Zambesi, Lake Tanganyika, Uganda,
and southern Ethiopia to Cape Colony; Madagascar.
Genus MARECA Stephens
Mareca Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 12, pt. 2, 1824, p. 130. Type, by
subsequent designation, Mareca fistularis Stephens = Anas penelope
Linn^. (Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 33.)
cf. Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 126, 1923, p. 86-98.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1321-1323.
PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 2, 1923, p. 167-210.
168 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Mareca penelope (Linne)
Anas Penelope Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in Iceland and in northern Europe and Asia north to lat. 71° N.,
south regularly to lat. 60° N., and more rarely to 45° or 42°, Winters on
the coasts of Britain and southward to northern Africa, the Nile Valley,
Ethiopia, Persian Gulf, India, Tenasserim, southern China, Hainan and
Japan. Regularly in autumn and winter on the Atlantic coast of North
America from New England to the Carolinas. Numerous instances of
casual occurrence elsewhere.
Mareca americana (Gmelin)
Anas americana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 526. (Louisiana
and New York.)
North America from the Yukon and Mackenzie Basins, mainly east of the
Rockies, to Great Bear and Great Slave Lakes to Lake Winnipeg, south to
eastern Oregon, northern Colorado, southern Wisconsin and Indiana.
Winters from the coast of British Columbia, Mississippi Valley, and Atlantic
coast from Long Island southward to Costa Rica and West Indies.
Mareca sibilatrix (Poeppig)
Anas sibilatrix Poeppig, Froriep's Notizen, 25, 1829, col. 10. (Chile.)
Southern South America from Chile to southern Brazil (Rio Grande do
Sul) and south to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands. Occurs in the north-
ern part of its range only in winter.
Genus CHAULELASMUS Bonaparte
Chaulelasmus Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 56. Type,
by monotypy. Anas strepera Linn^.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1230-1231.
Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 2, 1923, p. 138-158.
Chaulelasmus streperus (Linn6)
Anas strepera Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 125. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in Iceland, southeastern England and across Europe and Asia
(south of lat. 60° N.) to Kamchatka; south to Holland, Germany, central
Russia, Caspian Sea, Seistan, Altai(?) and Transbaikalia. In North America
from southern British Columbia, central Alberta and northern Saskatche-
wan south to southern California, Colorado, Nebraska and Wisconsin.
Winters from southern Europe, Asia Minor, the Himalayas, middle China
and Japan to northern Africa, Ethiopia, India, Assam and southern China
and from southern British Columbia, Arizona, the Mississippi Valley and
North Carolina south to Lower California, southern Mexico and Florida.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 169
fChaulelasmus couesi Streets
Chaulelasmus couesi Streets, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CI., 1, 1876, p. 46. (Wash-
ington Island, Fanning Group.)
Washington and New York Islands, Fanning Group. Now extinct.
Cf. Wetmore, Condor, 27, 1925, p. 36.
Genus SPATULA Boie
Spatula Boie, Isis von Oken, 1822, col. 564. Type, by monotypy, Anas
clypeata Linn^.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1328-1331.
Philhps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 10-41.
Spatula clypeata (Linne)
Anas clypeata Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (Coasts of
Europe, restricted type locahty, southern Sweden.)
Spatula clypeata Indiana Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1913, p. 194.
(India.)
Breeds in the British Isles eastward through Europe and Asia to the
Kolyma delta, usually about to the Arctic Circle, and south to France,
Turkey, the Black Sea, Transcaspia, Turkestan, northern Mongolia(?),
Transbaikalia, Amur, Ussuri and Kamchatka(?). In North America from
Kotzebue Sound to the lower Mackenzie and southeastward to Lakes
Athabaska and Winnipeg; south to central California, northern New
Mexico, Kansas and Indiana. Winters in Europe and Asia from the south-
ern border of its breeding range to northern and eastern Africa, Persian
Gulf, India, Ceylon, Burma, southern China and Japan; in North America
on the Pacific coast from Puget Sound; inland in the lower Mississippi
Valley and on the Atlantic coast from Chesapeake Bay southward regu-
larly to Honduras; the Hawaiian Islands. Many instances of casual occur-
rence.
Spatula platalea (Vieillot)
Anas platalea Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 157. (Para-
guay.)
Southern South America from Peru and Bolivia to southern Brazil and
south to the Straits of Magellan; migratory in northern and southern parts
of its range.
Spatula capensis (Eyton)
Rhynchaspis capensis Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 135. (No type
locality given = Cape of Good Hope.)
South Africa north to Angola and the Transvaal.
170 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
■Spatula rhynchotis rhynchotis (Latham)
Anas Rhynchotis Latham, Ind. Orn., SuppL, 1801, p. Ixx. (New South
Wales.)
Spatula rhynchotis dydimus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 56.
(Southwest Australia.)
Southern and eastern Australia and Tasmania.
Spatula rhynchotis variegata Gould
Spatula variegata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 95. (New
Zealand.)
New Zealand.
Genus MALACORHYNCHUS Swainson
Malacorhynchus Swainson, Journ. Roy. Inst. Gr. Brit., 2, pt. 4, 1831,
p. 18. Type, by monotypy. Anas membranacea Latham.
cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 42-45.
Malacorhynchus membranaceus (Latham)
Anas membranacea Latham, Ind. Orn., SuppL, 1801, p. Ixix. (New South
Wales.)
Malacorhynchus membranaceus assimilis, Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1,
1912, p. 86. (Fitzroy River, Northwest AustraUa.)
Australia and Tasmania.
Genus RHODONESSA Reichenbach
Rhodonessa Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. ix. Type, by
original designation. Anas caryophyllacea Latham.
cf. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 90-93.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 390-391.
Rhodonessa caryophyllacea (Latham)
Anas caryophyllacea Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 866. (India.)
Local in northeastern India and eastern India south to Madras.
Genus AIX Boie
Aix Boie, Isis, 21, 1828, p. 329. Type, by subsequent designation. Anas
sponsa Linn^. (Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 35.)
cf. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 46-72.
Aix sponsa (Linn6)
Anas Sponsa Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 128. (North America
= Carohna.)
Breeds in western North America from British Columbia to California
and from Lake Winnipeg to southern Nova Scotia, south to Texas, Florida
and Cuba. Winters in the southern half of its breeding area.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 171
Genus DENDRONESSA Swainson
Dendronessa Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am. Bds., 1831 (1832), p. 497. Type,
by original designation, Anas galericulata Linne.
cf. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 73-84.
Dendronessa galericulata (Linne)
Anas galericulata Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 128. (China.)
Aix galericulata brunnescens Clark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, 1914,
p. 87. (Kiusiu, Japan.)
Breeds in eastern Asia from the Amur and Ussuri south through Korea,
eastern China and the Japanese Islands to Formosa. Winters in the part
of its range below lat. 40° N.
Genus CHENISCUS Etton
Cheniscus Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 15. Tj^pe, by original designa-
tion. Anas coromandeliana Gmelin.
cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 209-210.
PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 98-111.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 6, 1929, p. 392-394.
Cheniscus coromandelianus coromandelianus (Gmelin)
Anas coromandeliana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 522. (Coro-
mandel, India.)
India, Ceylon and Burma east to southern China (Yangtse River), south
to the Malay Peninsula, Indo-Chinese countries; northern Luzon, Borneo,
Sumatra, Java and Banka; casual in northern Celebes.
Cheniscus coromandelianus albipennis (Gould)
Nettapus albipennis Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 6, 1842, text to pi. 5. (East-
ern AustraUa = Moreton Bay, Queensland, fide Mathews.)
Cheniscus coromandelianus mackayi Mathews, Austr. Av. Pee., 3, 1916,
p. 56. (Mackay, Queensland.)
Eastern Australia.
Cheniscus pulchellus (Gould)
Nettapus pulchellus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 6, 1842, pi. 4. (Port Essing-
ton, Northern Territory.)
Cheniscus pulchellus rogersi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1916, p. 56.
(Parry's Creek, Northwest Australia.)
Ceram, Buru, southern New Guinea, northern Austraha.
172 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus NETTAPUS Brandt
Nettapus Brandt, Descr. Icon. Anim. Ross. Nov., Aves, fasc. 1, 1836, p. 5.
Type, by monotypy. Anas madagascariensis Gmelin = Anas aurita
Boddaert.
cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 94-97.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 45.
Nettapus auritus (Boddaert)
Anas aurita Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 48. (Madagascar, ex
Daubenton, pi. 770.)
Africa from Gambia and Bahr el Ghazal through Kenya Colony south
to Cape Province; Madagascar.
Genus PTERONETTA Salvadori
Pteronetta Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 46 (in key), p. 63.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Querquedula hartlaubii
Cassin.
cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 1, 1922, p. 85-89.
Sclater, Syst. Av. .Ethiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 44.
Pteronetta hartlaubii (Cassin)
Querquedula Hartlaubii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 175.
(Camma River, Gaboon.)
Pteronetta hartlaubi albifrons Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 21, 1908,
p. 42. (Ituri Forest, Upper Congo.)
Liberia to the Congo, upper Uele and Ituri districts and the African
lake region.
Genus HETERONETTA Salvadori
Heteronetta Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milano, 8, 1865, p. 374.
Type, by original designation and monotypy. Anas melanocephala
Vieillot (not Gmelin) = Anas atricapilla Merrem.
cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 94-96.
Heteronetta atricapilla (Merrem)
Anas atricapilla Merrem, in Ersch and Gruber's Encyc, sect. 1, 35, 1841,
p. 26. (Buenos Aires.)
Central Chile east to Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul, south in Argen-
tina to provinces of Mendoza, San Juan and Buenos Aires.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 173
Subfamily NYROCINAE
Genus NETTA Kaup
Netta Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 102. Type, by
monotypy, Anas ntfina Pallas.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1333-1335.
PhUlips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 101-113.
Netta rufina (Pallas)
Anas rufina Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, 2, 1773, p. 713. (Caspian Sea
and lakes of Tartarian Desert.)
Breeds chiefly from the lower Danube through southern Russia east
across the Kirghiz Steppes to west Siberia, south to northern Syria, Persia
and Yarkand. Winters largely in India, Burma and the Shan States but
there are many records for Europe, North Africa and eastern Asia.
Genus METOPIANA Bonaparte
Metopiana Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, 1856, p. 649.
Type, by monotypy. Anas peposaca Vieillot.
cf. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 114-120.
Metopiana peposaca (Vieillot)
Anas peposaca Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 132. (Para-
guay and Buenos Aires.)
Central Chile south to Chiloe Island, east across Argentina to Paraguay,
Uruguay and southward to Rio Negro Territory.
Genus NYROCA Fleming
Nyroca Fleming, Philos. Zool., 2, 1822, p. 260. Type, by tautonymy,
Anas nyroca Giildenstadt.
Perissonetta Oberholser, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 1920, p. 110. Type, by
original designation and monotypy. Anas collaris Donovan.
cf. Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 126, 1923, p. 175-230.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1335-1344.
Mathews, Syst. Av. AustralaS., pt. 1, 1927, p. 220-222. (Excl. Erisma-
tura, p. 221.)
PhilUps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 121-286.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 40.
Sharpe, Handlist, 1, 1899, p. 222-223. (Aythya, Aristonetta, Fuli-
gula.)
Nyroca valisineria (Wilson)
Anas valisineria Wilson, Am. Orn., 8, 1814, p. 103, pi. 70, f. 5. (Eastern
United States.)
174 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds from Great Slave Lake and upper Mackenzie Valley south to
eastern Oregon, northern Utah, northern New Mexico and southwestern
Nebraska, east to central Manitoba and South Dakota. Winters from
southern British Columbia, Colorado, southern Illinois and Chesapeake
Bay to central Mexico, coasts of the Gulf States and Florida.
Nyroca ferina (Linne)
Anasferina Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Europe, restricted
type locality, Sweden.)
Nyroca ferina ferinoides Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 32, 1920, p. 243
(Japanese text), p. 245 (English text). (Haneda, near Tokio, Japan.)
Breeds in the British Isles, southern Scandinavia and from eastern
Russia through west Siberia (mainly south of lat. 60°) to Lake Baikal;
south to Holland, Germany, the Balkan States, Black Sea, Kirghiz Steppes
and Yarkand. Winters in its west European breeding range and south to
northern Africa, Nile VaUey, Persian Gulf, India, Burma and southern
China. Numerous records of casual occurrence in Europe and eastern Asia.
Nyroca americana (Eyton)
Fuligula americana Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 155. (North
America.)
Breeds in western North America from southern British Columbia,
Lake Athabasca, central Saskatchewan and western Manitoba south to
southern California, Utah, South Dakota and Wisconsin. Winters chiefly
in the United States and south to Lower California and the Valle de Mexico.
Nyroca coUaris (Donovan)
Anas collaris Donovan, Brit. Bds., 6, 1809, pi. 147 and text. (Lincoln-
shire, England, from specimen found in Leadenhall Market, London.)
Breeds in North America chiefly from Lake Athabaska and northern
Alberta and Saskatchewan southeastward to Manitoba and thence south
to North Dakota and Wisconsin. Breeds also in southern British Columbia,
Oregon, northern California and Nebraska. Winters in southern United
States (chiefly Gulf Coast and Florida) south to Guatemala, the Bahamas
and the Greater Antilles.
Nyroca fuligula (Linne)
Anas fuligula Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 128. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in Iceland, the British Isles and the greater part of Europe and
Asia north to lat. 70° and south to central Europe, the Balkan States,
Kirghiz Steppes, Lake Baikal, the Amur River, Sakhahn and the Com-
mander Islands. Winters in the southern half of its European breeding
range and from Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Kashmir, central China, Korea
and Japan south to northern Africa, the Nile Valley, Persian Gulf, India,
Arakan, south China and the Philippines. Many casual records in Africa
and the East Indies.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 175
Nyroca nyroca (Giildenstadt)
Anas nyroca Giildenstadt, Nov. Comm. Sci. PetropoL, 14, 1769, p. 403.
(" — regionibus Tanaicensibus inter gradum 54:°-55° . . .")
Anas rufa Mathews and Iredale, Austr. Av. Rec, 4, 1921, p. 153. {Ex
Linne, Fn. Svec, ed. 2, 1761, p. 47, no. 134.)
Breeds in southern Europe to Rumania, Poland and west Siberia to the
Ob Valley, south to northern Africa (Morocco and Algeria) , Persia, Turke-
stan, Kashmir, the Pamirs and southern Tibet. Winters in the Mediter-
ranean region, Nile Valley, Persian Gulf, Arakan and Burma.
Njnroca innotata Salvadori
Nyroca innotata Salvadori, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 4, 1894, p. ii. (Betsileo,
Madagascar.)
Northern and eastern Madagascar.
Nyroca baeri (Radde)
Anas (Fuligula) Baeri Radde, Reisen Sud. von Ost-Sibirien, 2, 1863,
p. 376, pi. 15. (Southeast Siberia.)
Breeds from Transbaikalia to the lower Ussuri and the Amur; Kam-
chatka(?). Winters in China, Korea and Japan, upper Assam and Burma.
■ Nyroca australis Eyton
Nyroca australis Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 160. (Australia = New
South Wales.)
Nyroca nyroca dampieri Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 87. (Fitz-
roy River, Northwest Australia.)
Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand; casual in New Guinea (Arfak),
Celebes, New Hebrides and New Caledonia.
-Nyroca erythrophthalma (Wied)
Anas erythrophthalma Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil, 4, 1832, p. 929.
(Lagoa do Brago, Villa Belmonte, southern Brazil.)
Nyroca hrunnea Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 161, pi. [23]. (Southern
Africa.)
Fuligula nationi Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877,
p. 522. (Lima, Peru.) i
Western South America from northwestern Venezuela to southern Peru;
Africa from Angola on the west and Shoa on the east to Cape Province.
■ Njnroca novseseelandise (GmeHn)
Anas novce Seelandice Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 541. (Dusky
Sound, South Island, New Zealand.)
New Zealand (both islands), Auckland Island, Chatham Islands.
1 But of. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus, Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 234.
176 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Nyroca marila marila (Linne)
Anas Marila Linn^, Fn. Svec, ed. 2, 1761, p. 39. (Lapland.)
Breeds in Iceland, Orkneys, Hebrides, Scandinavian Peninsula, Russia
and Siberia, mainly north of lat. 60°; eastern limits not defined. Winters
on the coasts of western Europe, eastern Mediterranean, the Black Sea,
Syria, Persian Gulf and northwestern India.
Nyroca marila mariloides (Vigors)
FuUgula Mariloides Vigors, Zool. Beechey's Voy. 'Blossom,' 1839, p. 31.
(No type locality = Bering Sea.)
Breeds on Bering Island, probably also Kamchatka, In winter to the
coasts of China, Korea and Japan.
Nyroca marila nearctica (Stejneger)
Aythya marila nearctica Stejneger, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 29, 1885,
p. 161. (North America.)
Breeds from the Aleutian Islands and the Bering Sea coast of Alaska
north to the Arctic coasts of Alaska and Canada, east to the west shore of
Hudson Bay (rarely further east), south to central British Columbia (east
of the Cascades), central Alberta, central Saskatchewan and southern
Manitoba (formerly to Iowa and Minnesota). Winters chiefly on the sea
coasts of North America, from the Aleutian Islands on the west and
from Maine on the east, south to northern Lower California and the West
Indies.
Nyroca aflinis (Eyton)
FuUgula affinis Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 157. (North America.)
Breeds from the middle Mackenzie Valley and Lake Athabaska to west-
ern Ontario and south (east of the Cascades) to Oregon, Utah and Ne-
braska; formerly to northern Illinois. Winters chiefly from the southern
United States south to Panama and the West Indies.
Genus TACHYERES Owen
Tachyeres Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 9, 1875, p. 254. Type, by
monotypy. Anas brachyptera Latham.
cf. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 287-297.
Tachyeres brachyptera (Latham)
Anas brachyptera Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 834. (Falkland Islands.)
Coasts of southern South America from Valdivia on the west and Puerto
Deseado on the east, south to Tierra del Fuego; also on some of the Andean
Lakes; Falkland Islands.^
1 The question as to whether there are one or two species of "Steamer
Ducks" is still an open one.
RiiUUiJ- f^^'^ctls ^^"^ QuH '^r (\ticrU X^TUrrcL. Act
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 177
Genus BUCEPHALA Baird
Bucephala Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac, 9, 1858, p. L, 788, 795.
Type, by original designation, Anas albeola Linne.
cf. Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 130, 1925, p. 21-24.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1345-1350.
PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 287-333.
Bucephala clangula clangula (Linne)
Anas Clangula Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 125. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds from the Scandinavian Peninsula across Europe and Asia north
to the limit of trees; south to Germany, central Russia, the southern border
of the coniferous forest of Siberia, to Kamchatka and Sakhalin Island. Also
in Montenegro and the Dobrudja. Winters from the British Isles, southern
Scandinavia and southern limit of breeding range in Europe and Asia to the
Mediterranean, Persian Gulf, northern India, Burma, southern China and
Japan.
Bucephala clangula americana (Bonaparte)
Clangula Americana Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 58.
(America, restricted type locality, eastern United States.)
Breeds in North America from the Umit of heavy timber in central
Alaska, southern Mackenzie, Hudson Bay and northeastern Labrador
south to central British Columbia and the northern tier of states. New
Brunswick and Newfoundland. Winters on the Pacific coast from the
Aleutian Islands to California and on the Atlantic from Maine to South
Carolina. Also on open lakes and rivers from the northern boundary of the
United States south irregularly to the mouth of the Mississippi.
Bucephala islandica (Gmelin)
Anas islandica GmeUn, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 541. (Iceland.)
Breeds in the mountains of northwestern North America from south-cen-
tral Alaska to southwestern Colorado; in Labrador; in southwestern Green-
land, and in Iceland. Winters on the Pacific coast from southern Alaska to
San Francisco Bay; on the Atlantic from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Long
Island. Non-migratory in Greenland and Iceland.
Bucephala albeola (Linn6)
Anas Albeola Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. (America =
Newfoundland, ex Edwards.)
Breeds from central Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Great Slave Lake,
southwestern shores of Hudson Bay and western Ontario south through
central British Columbia to northern Montana; south also to Alberta and
Manitoba. Winters mainly in the United States and on the Pacific coast to
the Aleutian and Commander Islands.
178 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus CLANGULA Leach
Clangula Leach, in Ross, Voy. Disc, 1819, App., p. xlviii. T3^e, by
monotypy, Anas glacialis Linne = Anas hyemalis Linne.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1351-1354.
Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 347-366.
Clangula hyemalis (Linne)
Anas hyemalis Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 126. (Arctic Europe
and America, restricted type locality, northern Sweden.)
Breeds in Iceland, Spitzbergen, Novaya Zemlya and Arctic coasts and
islands of Europe and Asia to Bering Strait; Commander Islands; Aleutian
Islands, islands in Bering Sea, coasts of Alaska, Arctic coasts and islands
north of North America to lat. 83°; coasts of Greenland. Winters in
ice free waters south to the shores and larger lakes of central Europe,
Caspian Sea, the Pacific coast of Asia to Japan and of North America to
California; the Great Lakes; Atlantic coast of North America from the
Gulf of St. Lawrence to North CaroUna; southern Greenland.
Genus HISTRIONICUS Lesson
Histrionicus Lesson, Man. d'Orn., 2, 1828, p. 415. Type, by original
designation. Anas histrionica Linn6.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1360-1363.
Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 3, 1925, p. 367-383.
Histrionicus histrionicus histrionicus (Linn6)
Anas histrionica Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 127. (America,
restricted type locality, Newfoundland, ex Edwards.)
Breeds in northern Labrador (probably); coasts of Greenland north to
lat. 77° on the west and to lat. 70° on the east; Iceland. Chiefly permanent
resident, but some winter from Newfoundland to Long Island; casual in
western Europe.
Histrionicus histrionicus pacificus W. S. Brooks
Histrionicus histrionicus pacificus W. S. Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 59, 1915, p. 393. (Cape Shipunski, Kamchatka.)
Breeds in eastern Siberia from the Lena River (S. of lat. 65°) and Lake
Baikal to Anadyr, Kamchatka, Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands. In North
America it breeds on the coast and islands of southern Alaska and south in
the mountains to central California and Colorado. Winters from the Com-
mander Islands to Japan and from the Pribilov and Aleutian Islands to
California.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 179
Genus SOMATERIA Leach
Somateria Leach, in Ross, Voy. Disc. 2, 1819, p. 154, App., p. xlviii.
Type, by monotypy, Anas spectabilis Linne.^
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1366-1373.
Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 80-129.
Subgenus EIDER Jarocki
Eider Jarocki, Spis Ptakow Gab. Zool. Warsz. Univ., 1819, p. 62. Type,
by monotypy. Anas mollissima Linn4.
Somateria mollissima v-nigra G. R. Gray
Somateria V-nigra G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 (1856), p.
212, pi. 107. (Kotzebue Sound.)
Breeds on the Arctic coasts and islands of northeastern Asia from the
Ajon (or Alon) Islands to Bering Strait, Copper Island, Commander and
Aleutian Islands and coasts of North America from Kadiak Island to Vic-
toria Island and Coronation Gulf. Winters chiefly in the Aleutian Islands.
Somateria mollissima borealis (C. L. Brehm)
Platypus borealis C. L. Brelim, Lehrb. Naturg. Eur. Vog., 2, 1824, p. 813.
(Coasts of Baffin Bay and Davis Strait and west coast of Greenland,
etc.)
Breeds on the Arctic coasts and islands of North America from long. 100°
W., north to Ellesmere Island, south to northern Hudson Bay, east to
Baffin Island, Labrador south to Hamilton Inlet and west coast of Green-
land to 82° N. Winters from the open waters of Greenland south to Maine.
Somateria mollissima dresseri Sharpe
Somateria Dresseri Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 8, 1871, p. 51,
f. 2. (North America.)
Breeds on both coasts of Hudson and James Bay and from Labrador
south of Hamilton Inlet to Penobscot Bay. Winters from Ne\\^oundland
to Nantucket Shoals.
Somateria mollissima mollissima (Linn6)
Anas 7nollissima Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 124. ("Europa
boreali pelagica," restricted tj^pe locality, Island of Gottland.)
Somateria mollissima britannica Millais, Brit. Diving Ducks, 2, 1913,
p. 2. (British Isles.)
Breeds on the coasts of southeastern Greenland(?), Iceland, Jan Mayen,
Scotland, Scandinavia and east to the Kara Sea and Novaya Zemlya. Par-
tially resident, but some winter on the North Sea and west coast of France.
1 Of the two included species, one is listed only in the vernacular, the other
has a valid binomial name and may be accepted as a monotypic type.
180 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Somateria moUissima faeroeensis C. L. Brehm
Somateria Faeroeensis C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl.,
1831, p. 893. (Faroes.)
Faroes; resident.
Subgenus SOMATERIA Leach
Somateria spectabilis (Linn€)
Anas spectabilis Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (Canada,
Sweden.)
Breeds on Spitzbergen and on the Arctic coasts and islands of Europe
and Asia from Kolguev and Novaya Zemlya to Anadyr, thence south to
Kamchatka and the Commander Islands; St. Lawrence and St. Matthew
Islands; Arctic coasts and islands of North America north to lat. 76°,
east to northern Labrador; Grinnell Land, Grant Land, both coasts of
Greenland south to lat. 62°. Winters from Hmits of open water to Iceland,
Scandinavia, British Isles, the Kuriles and on the Atlantic coast of North
America to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland; rarely further.
Genus ARCTONETTA Gray
Arctonetta Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 (1856), p. 212. Type, by
monotypy, Fuligula fischeri Brandt.
cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 73-79.
Arctonetta fischeri (Brandt)
Fuligula (Lampronetta) Fischeri Brandt, Fuligulam Fischeri Novam
Avium Speciem, 1847, p. 18, pi. 1. (St. Michael, Alaska.)
Breeds on the New Siberian Islands and on the Arctic coast of Siberia
from the Yana River to Bering Strait and on the Alaskan coasts from
Kuskokwim River to Barter Island. Winters in the Aleutian Islands.
Genus OIDEMIA Fleming
Oidemia Fleming, Philos. Zool., 2, 1822, p. 260. Type, by subsequent
designation. Anas nigra Linne. (Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 74.)
cf. PhUlips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 3-25.
Oidemia nigra nigra (Linne)
Anas nigra Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. (Lapland, Eng-
land.)
Breeds in Iceland, Ireland, Scotland and northern Europe and Asia from
Norway east to the Taimyr Peninsula; also on Waigatch and Novaya
Zemlya. Winters chiefly on the coasts of western Europe, the Mediter-
ranean, Black and Caspian Seas.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 181
Oidemia nigra americana Swainson
Oidemia Americana Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna
Bor.-Am., 2, 1831 (1832), p. 450. (Hudson Bay.)
Breeds in northeastern Asia, the Aleutian Islands and western Alaska;
may possibly breed sporadically across northern North America to New-
foundland. Winters from its southern limit of breeding south on the Pacific
coast of Asia to Japan and China, and in North America from Aleutian
Islands to California, on the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic coast from
Newfoundland to North Carolina.
Genus MELANITTA Boie
Melanitta Boie, Isis von Oken, 1822, col. 564. Type, by subsequent
designation, Anasfusca Linne. (Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 52.)
PhcBonetta Stone, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 198. Type, by original designation,
Anas fusca Linne.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1354-1358.
Miller, Auk, 33, 1916, p. 279-281.
Miller, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 243, 1926, p. 1-5.
PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 26-56.
'Melanitta fusca fusca (Linne)
Anasfusca Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 123. ("Oceano Euro-
paeo," restricted type locality, coast of Sweden.)
Breeds from Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea east to the Yenissei. Win-
ters on the coasts of western Europe, the Mediterranean, Black and Cas-
pian Seas.
-Melanitta fusca stejnegeri (Ridgway)
Oidemia stejnegeri Ridgway, Man. No. Am. Bds., 1887, p. 112. (Kam-
chatka to Japan.)
Breeds in eastern Asia from the Altai and Minusinsk to Anadyr, Kam-
chatka and the Commander Islands. Winters on the coast of eastern Asia
from the Commander Islands to Japan and China.
-Melanitta fusca dixoni (W. S. Brooks)
Oedemia deglandi dixoni W. S. Brooks, Bull. Mus., Comp. Zool., 59,
1915, p. 393. (Griffin Point, Arctic Alaska.)
Probably breeds in western Alaska, eastern limits not known. Winters
on the Pacific coast of North America from Unalaska to California.
Melanitta fusca deglandi (Bonaparte)
Oedemia deglandi Bonaparte, Rev. Crit. Orn. Eur., 1850, p. 108. (North
America.)
182 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds from the Mackenzie Delta (and upper Yukon?) to northern Brit-
ish Columbia, North Dakota and Manitoba eastward to James Bay
(casually to Labrador?) . Winters on the Great Lakes and on the Atlantic
coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland to North Carolina.
Subgenus PELIONETTA Kaup
Pelionetta Kaup, Skizz. Ent.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 107. Type,
by monotypy. Anas perspicillata Linn^.
Melanitta perspicillata (Linne)
Anas perspicillata Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 125. (Hudson
Bay, ex Edwards.)
Breeds in northern North America from the Yukon and Mackenzie
Deltas to Lake Athabaska and eastward to Hudson and James Bays; be-
lieved also to breed in northeastern Siberia and in Labrador. Winters from
Alaska to California; on the Great Lakes; and from Nova Scotia to South
Carolina.
Genus CAMPTORHYNCHUS Bonaparte
Camptorhynchus "Eyton" Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 58.
Type, by monotypy. Anas labradoria Gmelin.
cf. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 57-63.
tCamptorhynchus labradorius (Gmelin)
Anas labradoria Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 537. (Arctic
America, Connecticut and Labrador.)
Extinct. Believed to have bred formerly in Labrador. Wintered from
Grand Manan to Chesapeake Bay(?) but chiefly off Long Island, N. Y.
Genus POLYSTICTA Eyton
Polystida Eyton, Cat. Brit. Bds., 1836, p. 58. Type, by monotypy. Anas
stelleri PaUas.
cf. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 64-72.
Polysticta stelleri (Pallas)
Anas stelleri Pallas, Spic. Zool., fasc. 6, 1769, p. 35, pi. 5. (Kamchatka.)
Breeds on the Arctic coast of Siberia from the Taimyr Peninsula to
Bering Strait and on the coasts of Alaska from Barter Island to Unimak
Island. Winters on the open waters of northern Finland and Norway;
Kamchatka, Commander and Kurile Islands, Aleutian Islands and Kenai
Peninsula, Alaska.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES . 183
Genus HYMENOLAIMUS G. R. Gray
Hymenolaimus G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 11, 1843, p. 370.
Type, by monotypy, Anas malacorhynchos Gmelin.
cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 205-210.
Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos (Gmelin)
Anas malacorhynchos Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 526. (Dusky
Sound, South Island, New Zealand.)
Mountain streams of New Zealand.
Genus SALVADORINA Rothschild and Hartert
Salvadorina Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. ZooL, 1, 1894, p. 683. Type,
by monotypy, Salvadorina waigiuensis Rothschild and Hartert.
cf. PhUhps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 203-204.
" Salvadorina waigiuensis Rothschild and Hartert
Salvadorina waigiuensis Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 1, 1894,
p. 683 (Waigiu.)
Island of Waigiu and mountain streams of New Guinea.
Subfamily OXYURINAE
Genus THALASSORNIS Eyton
Thalassornis Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 70. Type, by original
designation, Thalassornis leuconotus Eyton.
cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 135-142.
Thalassornis leuconotus leuconotus Eyton
Thalassornis leuconotus Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 168. (Cape of
Good Hope.)
Africa from eastern Cameroon and southern Ethiopia south to Cape
Colony.
-Thalassornis leuconotus insularis Richmond
Thalassornis insidaris Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19, 1897, p. 679.
(Sakales River, eastern Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
Genus NOMONYX Ridgway
Nomonyx Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880, p. 15. Type, by
original designation, Anas dominica Linne.
cf. PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 143-150.
184 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Nomonyx dominicus (Linne)
Anas dominica Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 201. (South America
= Santo Domingo, from Brissonian reference.)
Greater AntUles and South America to Chile (Concepcion), northern
Argentina (Tucumdn) and eastern Argentina (Buenos Aires Province).
Occasional in Mexico, Central America and the Lesser Antilles.
Genus OXYURA Bonaparte
Oxyura Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 2, 1828, p. 390.
Type, by monotypy. Anas ruhidus Wilson.
cf. Phillips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 151-190.
Oxyura leucocephala (ScopoU)
Anas leucocephala Scopoli, Annus I, Hist.-Nat., 1769, p. 65. (No type
locality given, but probably from northern Italy.)
Breeds in the western half of the Mediterranean region, mouths of the
Danube, southern Russia and thence east to Turkestan. Irregular migrant
south to lower Egypt, Palestine, Mesopotamia and northern India.
Oxyura jamaicensis rubida (Wilson)
Anas ruhidus Wilson, Am. Orn., 8, 1814, p. 128, 130, pi. 71, fs. 5, 6. (Dela-
ware River.)
Breeds in North America from central British Columbia, Great Slave
Lake and Lake Winnipeg south to northern Lower California, Arizona, New
Mexico, Nebraska, Iowa and Wisconsin; casually east to Massachusetts
and south to Central America. Winters on the Pacific coast of California
and from the southern limit of breeding range to Mexico and the Gulf
States; on the Atlantic coast from New York to Florida.
Oxyura jamaicensis jamaicensis (Gmelin)
Anas jamaicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 519. (Jamaica.)
Erismatura alleni Danforth, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 558. (Cartagena Lagoon,
Porto Rico.)
Resident in the West Indies ^ (Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, the Grena-
dines) .
Oxyura maccoa (Eyton)
Erismatura maccoa Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 169. (Indian Isles =
South Africa.)
Eastern Africa from southern Ethiopia to Cape Province.
1 Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, (New York Acad.
Sci.) 9, pt. 3, 1927, p. 314-317.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 185
Oxyura f erruginea (Eyton)
Erismatura ferruginea Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 170. (Chile.)
Andean lakes of Peru and Bolivia.
Oxyura vittata (R. A. Philippi)
Erismatura vittata R. A. Philippi, Arch. f. Naturg., 26, Band 1, 1860,
p. 26. (ChUe.)
Southern South America from northern Chile to Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil and to Chubut, Argentina.
Oxyura australis Gould
Oxyura Australis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1836, p. 85. (Swan
River, West Austraha.)
Oxyura australis victoricB Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 87. (Vic-
toria.)
Southern Australia and Tasmania.
Genus BIZIURA Stephens
Biziura Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., 12, pt. 2, 1824, p. 221, Type, by
monotypy, Biziura novaehollandiae Stephens = Anas lobata Shaw.
cf. PhilHps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 191-198.
Biziura lobata (Shaw)
Anas lobata Shaw, Nat. Misc., 8, 1796, pi. 255. (New South Wales = King
George Sound, West Austraha, fide Mathews, 1927.)
Biziura lobata westralis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 87. (West
Australia. Type said to be from Herdsman's Lake, southwest Aus-
tralia.)
Biziura lobata menziesi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1914, p. 90. (New
South Wales.)
Southern Australia and Tasmania.
Subfamily MERGINAE
Genus MERGELLUS Selbt
Mergellus Selby, Cat. Gen. and Subgen. Types Bds., 1840, p. 47. Type,
by monotypy, Mergus albellus Linne.
cf. Philhps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 229-240.
•Mergellus albellus (Linne)
Mergus Albellus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 129. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Mediterranean Sea near Smyrna.)
186 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds from extreme northeastern Scandinavia across northern Russia
and Siberia south to the lower Volga, Turkestan and the Amur. Winters
on the coasts and lakes of Europe south to the Mediterranean; in Asia
south to Persia, northern India, southern China and Japan.
Genus LOPHODYTES Reichenbach
Lophodytes Reichenbach, Syst. Av. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. ix. Type, by
original designation, Mergus cucullatus Linne.
cf. PhUhps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 241-255.
Lophodytes cucullatus (Linne)
Mergus cucullatus Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 129. (America =
Virginia and Carolina.)
Breeds locally throughout the wooded regions of North America from
British Columbia, central Alberta and Saskatchewan to Hudson and James
Bays, thence southeastward to northern Maine, south to Oregon, Wyom-
ing, Nebraska, Louisiana and Florida. Winters chiefly in the Pacific
States, the region about Lake Michigan, the Gulf States and the Atlantic
States from New York southward.
Genus MERGUS Linne
Mergus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 129. Type, by subsequent
designation, Mergus castor Linn6 = Mergus serrator Linn6. (Eyton,
Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 76.)
Prionochilus Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 8. Type,
by monotypy, Prionochilus braziliensis Bertoni = Mergus octosetaceus
Vieillot.
Promergus Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 410. Type, by original
designation, Mergus australis Hombron and Jacquinot.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1920, p. 1375-1381.
PhiUips, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 256-302.
Mergus merganser merganser Linne
Mergus Merganser Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 129. (Europe,
restricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds in Iceland, Scotland, Scandinavia and across Russia and Siberia
(north about to the Arctic Circle) to Kamchatka, the Kurile and Com-
mander Islands; south to Denmark, southern Germany, Poland and cen-
tral Russia, also in Switzerland and Rumania; southern limits in Asia not
defined. Winters on coasts and rivers of Europe, south to the Mediter-
ranean; Black and Caspian Seas; southern Asia to Mesopotamia, northern
India, Assam, southern China and Japan.
ORDER ANSERIFORMES 187
Mergus merganser orientalis Gould
Mergus Orientalis Gould, Proc. Zool. See. London, 1845, p. 1. (Amoy,
China.)
Breeds from Turkestan and the Altai east to western Kansu, south to
Afghanistan and the Himalayas. Winters southward and eastward to
Assam and Japan respectively, occurring together with the typical form.
Mergus merganser americanus Cassin
Mergus americanus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, 1852, p, 187.
(North America.)
Breeds from southeastern Alaska, Great Slave Lake, Churchill River,
James Bay, Gasp6 Peninsula and Newfoundland south to the northern
tier of the United States; in the mountains south to California, New Mexico
and formerly to Pennsylvania. Winters west of the Rocky Mountains
from Vancouver to California; the Great Lakes, Mississippi Valley to the
Gulf of Mexico and on the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to
North Carolina.
Mergus squamatus Gould
Mergus squamatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 184. (China.)
Recorded in summer from Copper Island and on the lower Amur River.
Winters in China from western Szechuan to central Fukien and south to
western Yunnan.
Mergus serrator Linn6
Mergus Serrator Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 129. (Europe,
restricted type locality, Sweden.)
Mergus serrator major Schi0ler, Dansk. Orn. Tidskr., 19, 1925, p. 115.
(West Greenland.^)
Breeds in Iceland, northern British Isles, Scandinavia, northern Russia
and Siberia (north to the mouths of the large rivers) east to Kamchatka;
south to Denmark, northern Germany, the lower Volga, Kirghiz Steppes,
central Siberia, Transbaikalia, the Amur and Sakhalin; islands in Bering
Sea. In North America from Alaska, the Mackenzie Delta, Great Slave
Lake, Fort Churchill, central Labrador thence north to southern Baffin
Island, south to the northern tier of the United States. Coasts of Greenland
north to Upernavik on the west and Scoresby Sound on the east. Winters
on the coasts and rivers of Europe south to the Mediterranean; in Asia to
Syria, Sinai Peninsula, Persian Gulf and on the coasts of China and Japan
south to Formosa. In North America winters chiefly on the Pacific coast
of the United States, the Mississippi Valley, Gulf Coast and the Atlantic
seaboard from New Brunswick to Florida; southern Greenland.
^ While this is quite possibly a valid race, it has not been currently recognized,
and until it has been confirmed and its distribution worked out it is better to
regard major as a synonym.
188 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Mergus octosetaceus Vieillot
Mergus octosetaceus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 222.
(Brazil.)
Prionochilus braziliensis '^ Bertoni, An. Cient. Paraguayos, (1), no. 1,
1901, p. 8. (Alto Parana, lat. 27° S.)
Southern Brazil in the States of Goyaz, Sao Paulo, Santa Catharina and
Parand and also in Parana River drainage in eastern Paraguay and north-
eastern Argentina (Misiones).
Mergus australis Hombron and Jacquinot.
Mergus australis Hombron and Jacquinot, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., (2), 16,
1841, p. 320. (Auckland Islands.)
Auckland Islands.
Subfamily MERGANETTINAE
Genus MERGANETTA Gould
Merganetta Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1841 (1842), p. 95. Type, by
monotypy, Merganetta armata Gould.
cf. Dabbene, Hornero, 4, 1927, p. 34-38.
PhilUps, Nat. Hist. Ducks, 4, 1926, p. 211-223.
Merganetta annata colombiana Des Murs
Merganetta Colombiana Des Murs, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 179. (No type
locality given = Colombia by inference.)
Andes of Venezuela, Colombia and northern Ecuador.
Merganetta armata leucogenis (Tschudi)
Anas leucogenis Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 9, Band 1, 1843, p. 390.
(Andes of Peru.)
Andes of central and southern Ecuador and of Peru (except the range
occupied by turneri.)
Merganetta armata turneri Sclater and Salvin
Merganetta turneri Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869
(1870), p. 600. (Tinta, Peru.)
Known only from Tinta, the Cuzcan Andes and Rio Victor (Dept. of
Arequipa) Peru.
Merganetta armata garleppi Berlepsch
Merganetta garleppi Berlepsch, Orn. Monatsb., 2, 1894, p. 110. (Cocotal,
Bolivia.)
Mountains of Bolivia.
1 This specific name was introduced independently by Bertoni, though
Vieillot had renamed his octosetaceus as hrasilianus in 1825; a name later
"emended" to brasiliensis by G. R. Gray.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 189
Merganetta armata berlepschi Hartert
Merganetta berlepschi Hartert, Nov. Zool., 16, 1909, p. 244. (Near Tucu-
man, 1800 met.)
Mountains of northwestern Argentina (in States of Salta and Tucumdn).
Merganetta armata armata Gould
Merganetta armata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1841 (1842), p. 95.
(Andes of Chile, lat. 34°-35°.)
Andes of central ChUe and adjoining parts of western Argentina north to
Mendoza, southern limit not known.
Merganetta armata fraenata Salvadori
Merganetta frcenata Salvadori, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 27, 1895, p. 457 (in
key), p. 458, pi. 5, f. 1. (Central Chile.)
Andes of central Chile south of the range of armata. Exact Umits not
known.
Order FALCONIFORMES
Suborder CATHARTAE
Family CATHARTIDAE
Genus VULTUR Linne
Vultur Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 86. Type, by subsequent
designation, Vultur gryphus Linn^. (Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 24, 1907, p. ll.)i
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 2-4.
Vultur gryphus Linne
Vultur Gryphus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 83. (Chile.)
Andes of western Venezuela and Colombia, south in the mountains to
the Straits of Magellan; occurs also in Patagonia south of the Rio Negro.
Genus SARCORAMPHUS Dumeril
Sarcoramphus Dumeril, Zoologie Analytique, 1806, p. 32. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, Vultur papa Linne. (Vigors, Zool. Journ., 2,
1825, p. 381, note, and p. 384.)
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 5-6.
1 In Science (N. S., 24, 1906, p. 775-776) J. A. Allen showed that the type of
Vultur Linne should be V. gryphus, but also showed how that species might be
the type of Sarcoramphus and Gryphus; the first valid designation appears to
be that given above.
190 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
-4- Sarcoramphus papa (Linne)
Vultur Papa Linne, Syst, Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 86. ("India occiden-
talis" = Surinam, designated by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,
p. 289.)
Tropical Mexico south through Central and South America to northern
Argentina.
Genus CORAGYPS Geoffegy
Coragyps Geoffroy, in Le Maout, Hist. Nat. Ois., 1853, p. 66. Type, by
raonotypy, Vultur urubu Vieillot = Vultur atratus Bechstein.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 7-10.
Coragyps atratus atratus (Bechstein)
Vultur atratus Bechstein, Latham, Allg. Uebers., Vogel, 1, 1793, Anh.,
p. 655. (Florida, ex Bartram.)
North America from Kansas, Illinois, Indiana and Maryland to the Gulf
States and south through Mexico and Central America to Panama.
—-4-' Coragyps atratus foetens (Lichtenstein)
Cathartesfoetens Lichtenstein, Verz. ausgest. Saug. und Vog., 1818, p. 30.
(Paraguay.)
South America; south to Chiloe Island on the west and to about lat. 40°
on the east.
Genus CATHARTES Illiger
Cathartes Illiger, Prodromus, 1811, p. 236. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion, Vultur aura Linn^. (Vigors, Zo5l. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 384.)
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 11-18.
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 88-90.
-- \ Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied
Cathartes septentrionalis Wied, Reise Nord-Am., 1, 1839, p. 162. (Near
New Harmony, Indiana.)
North America from southern British Columbia, southwestern Ontario
and the lower Hudson Valley (west side) south to Lower California and the
tableland of Mexico.
—\- Cathartes aura aura (Linn^)
Vultur Aura Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 86. ("America caU-
diore." Vera Cruz, Mexico, substituted by Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 18, 1905, p. 124.)
Cathartes aura insularis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 3. (Cozumel
Island.)
Central(?) Mexico to Panama; the Bahamas, Cuba and Jamaica. Intro-
duced into southwestern Porto Rico.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 191
— ■' / Cathartes aura nificollis Spix
Cathartes mficollis Spix, Av. Bras., 1, 1824, p. 2. (Interior of Bahia and
Piauhy.)
Venezuela, the Guianas and Brazil south to Paraguay (northern Argen-
tina and Uruguay?)
■ — 7^~ Cathartes aura j Ota (Molina)
Vtiltur Jota Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. ChUi, 1782, p. 265. (Chile, re-
stricted to Concepcion by Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 4.)
Cathartes aura meridionalis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 3. (Co-
lombia.)
Wathartes occipitalis Stolzmann, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., 4,
1925, p. 319. (Huambo, 3700 feet, northeastern Peru.)
Western South America from Colombia to northern Chile and western
Argentina.
"^T" Cathartes aura falklandica (Sharpe)
Catharista falklandica Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 11, 1873,
p. 133. (Falkland Islands. Type from Berkeley Sound.)
Coasts of Chile from Concepcion to the Straits of Magellan; Falkland
Islands.
Cathartes urubitinga Pelzeln
Cathartes Urubitinga "Natterer," Pelzeln, Sitzungsb. K. Akad, Wiss.
Wien, 44, 1861, p. 7. (Southern and central Brazil.)
Northeastern Venezuela, the Guianas and Brazil south to northern
Argentina and Uruguay.
Genus GYMNOGYPS Lesson
Gymnogyps Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant (2), 6, 1842, p. 1037. Type,
by monotypy, Vultur californianus Shaw.
of. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 19-21.
— j^— Gymnogyps californianus (Shaw)
Vultur californianus Shaw, Nat. Misc., 9, 1797, p. [1], pi. 301. (Coast
of California.)
Western North America from the coast ranges of south central California
to northern Lower California. Formerly north to the Columbia River.
Family WttsAotnitt^i'tiUt
192 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Suborder FALCONES
SuPERFAMiLY SAGITTARIOIDEA
Family SAGITTARIIDAE
Genus SAGITTARIUS Hermann
Sagittarius Hermann, Table Affin. Anim., 1783, p. 136, 235. Type, by
monotypy, Sagittarius of Vosmaer = Falco serpentarius MUler.
cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 46.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 63-65.
Sagittarius serpentarius (J. F. Miller)
Falco serpentarius J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1779, pi. 28. (Cape of Good
Hope.)
Senegambia and the Egyptian Sudan south to Cape Province.
SuPERFAMiLY FALCONOIDEA
Family ACCIPITRIDAE ^
Subfamily ELANINAE
Genus ELANUS Savigny
Elanus Savigny, Descr. figypte, 1, 1809, p. 69, 97. Type, by monotypy,
Elanus caesius Savigny = Falco caeruleus Desfontaines.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1184-1185.
MacGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 234-235.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 197-210.
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 97-98.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 125-127.
-| ' Elanus caeruleus caeruleus (Desfontaines)
Falco caeruleus Desfontaines, Hist. (Mem.) Acad. Paris, 1787 (1789),
p. 503, pi. 15. (Algiers.)
All of Africa from Algeria and Egypt to Cape Province; Madagascar;
occasional in southern Europe.
^ For remarks on the systematic position of many genera and species of
hawks; tentative arrangement of the two families; characters separating the
Accipitridae from the Falconidae and a classification of the Falconidae:
cf. Sushkin, Zool. Anz., 22, 1899, p. 500-518.
Sushkin, Zool. Anz., 23, 1900, p. 269-277; 522-528.
Sushkin, Nouv. M^m. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Moscou, 26, pt, 4, 1905, p. 1-
247, 4 pi.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 193
Elanus caeruleus vociferus (Latham)
Falco vociferus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 46. (India = Coromandel
Coast, ex Sonnerat, apud Hartert.)
India south of the Himalayas, east to southern Yunnan, south to Ceylon,
northern Tenasserim and Indo-China.
Elanus caeruleus hypoleucus Gould
Elanus hypoleucus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 127. (Near
Macassar, Celebes.)
Philippines, Greater Sunda Islands, Celebes; Sula Islands.
— / Elanus notatus Gould
Elanus notatus Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 4, 1838, app., p. 1. (New
South Wales.)
Elanus axillaris parryi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 251. (Parry's
Creek, northwest AustraUa.)
Australia.
'*~^ Elanus leucurus majusculus Bangs and Penard
Elanus leucurus majusculus Bangs and Penard, Proc. New Eng. Zool.
CI., 7, 1920, p. 46. (San Rafael, California.)
Breeds locally in the United States from California to South Carolina
south to northern Lower California, Texas and Florida. Winters south to
Guatemala and British Honduras.
— -• Elanus leucurus leucurus (Vieillot)
Milvus leucurus VieiUot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 20, 1818, p. 563.
[ Wrongly printed as 556.] (Paraguay.)
South America from Venezuela to central Chile, Argentina (Cordoba,
Buenos Aires) and Uruguay.
— y Elanus scriptus Gould
Elanus scriptus Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 9, 1842, pi. [24.] (South Australia
= Cooper's Creek, according to Mathews.)
Elanus scriptus victorianus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1917, p. 70.
(Victoria. New name for the bird figured as Elanus scriptus, Bds.
Austr., 5, pi. 250.)
Interior of Australia.
Genus CHELICTINIA Lesson
Chelictinia Lesson, ficho du Monde Savant, 10, 1843, col. 63. Type, by
monotypy, Elanoides riocourii Vieillot.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 224-227.
194 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
s»«,.. Chelictinia riocourii (Vieillot)
Elanoides riocourii Vieillot, Gal. Ois., 1, 1822, accipitres, p. 43, pi. 16.
(Senegal.)
Northern Africa from Senegal and Nigeria to the White Nile and Shoa.
Genus MACHAERHAMPHUS Westbrman
Machaerhamphus Westerman, Bijdr. tot de Dierk., 1, 1848, p. 29, pi. 12.
Type, by monotypy, Machaerhamphus alcinus Westerman.
cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds., ed. 2, 5, 1928, p. 169-170.
Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 233-235.
Machaerhamphus alcinus alcinus Westerman
Machaerhamphus alcinus Westerman, Bijdr. tot de Dierk., 1, 1848, p. 29,
pi. 12. (Malacca.)
Southern Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula; Malay Archipelago to
New Guinea.
•~-l Machaerhamphus alcinus anderssoni (Gurney)
Stringonyz anderssoni Gurney, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865 (1866),
p. 618. (Otjimbinque, Damaraland.)
Liberia, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and Somaliland southward to Damara-
land; Madagascar.
Subfamily PERNINAE
Genus ELANOIDES Vieillot
Elanoides Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 24, 1818, p. 101. Type, by
monotypy, Milan de la CaroUne = Falco forficatus Linne.
cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 237.
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 95-97.
"" I Elanoides forficatus forficatus (Linn6)
Falco forficatus Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (CaroUna, ex
Catesby.)
Breeds locally from northern Minnesota, southern Indiana and South
Carolina to eastern Mexico. Winters south of the United States; area not
known.
- — I Elanoides forficatus yetapa (Vieillot)
Milvus yetapa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 20, 1818, p. 564. (Para-
guay ex Azara.) [cf. also Tabl. Encyc. M6th., 3, 1823, p. 1205.]
Central America south to Bolivia, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina
and southern Brazil.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 195
Genus AVICEDA Swainson
Avkeda Swainson, Classif. Bds., 1, 1836, p. 300 (diagnosis; no included
species). Type, by subsequent designation, Aviceda cuculoides Swain-
son, op. cit., 2, 1837, p. 214.
Nesobaza Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 213. Type, by original
designation, Pernis madagascariensis A. Smith.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 220-222.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 211-220. (Subnom. Lophastur.)
McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 236-238.
RUey, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 64, art. 16, 1924, p. 41.
Stresemann, Nov. ZooL, 20, 1913, p. 305-308.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds., ed. 2, 5, 1928, p. 170-176; op. cit.,
7, 1930, p. 427. {Subnom. Baza.)
Aviceda cuculoides cuculoides Swainson
Aviceda cuculoides Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, 1837, p. 214. (Generic
characters and fig. of head). Id. Bds. W. Afr., 1, 1837, p. 104, pi. 1.
(Description, no type locality = West Africa.)
Baza emini Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 42, 1894, p. 163, note. (S. W. of
Albert Nyanza, lat. 1° N., long. 28°-30° E.)
Baza cuculoides batesi Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 107. (River Ja,
Cameroon.)
Forests of western and central Africa from Gambia to the Ituri district
and the Niam Niam country, south to Gaboon.
Aviceda cuculoides verreauxii Lafresnaye
Aviceda Verreauxii Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 130. (Durban,
Natal.)
East Africa from Mombasa south to Nyasaland, Rhodesia, Natal and the
south coastland of Cape Province at Knysna.
Aviceda madagascariensis (A. Smith)
Pernis Madagascariensis A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834,
p. 285. (Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
Aviceda jerdoni jerdoni (Blyth)
Pernis Jerdoni Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 11, 1842, p. 464.
(No type locality = Malacca.)
Sikkim to eastern Assam south to Burma, Malay Peninsula and Siam;
Sumatra.
Aviceda jerdoni ceylonensis (Legge)
Baza ceylonensis Legge, Str. Feath., 4, 1876, p. 247. (Near Kandy,
Ceylon.)
Travancore and Ceylon.
196 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Aviceda jerdoni bomeensis (Sharpe)
Baza borneensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1S93, p. 557. {Ex Briiggemann, Abh. nat.
Ver. Bremen, 5, 1876, p. 47, nomen nudwn, Pontianate, Borneo.)
Borneo.
Aviceda jerdoni magnirostris (Kaup)
Hyptiofnts magnirostris ''G. Gray'' Kaup, Isis, 1S47. col. 343. {Ex Gray,
List Bds. Brit. Mus., 1S44, p. 19, notnen nudum, Philippine Islands =
Luzon, fide Sharpe, Ibis, 1893, p. 555.)
Luzon and Mindanao, PhiHppine Islands.
Aviceda jerdoni leucopias (Sharpe)
Baza leucopias Sharpe, Ibis, ISSS, p. 195. (Palawan.)
Romblon, Samar and Palawan, PhiHppine Islands.
Aviceda jerdoni celebensis (SchlegeD
Baza celebensis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Rev. Ois. de Proie, 1873, p. 135.
(Celebes and Sula Islands.)
Celebes and Sula Islands.
Aviceda subcristata timorlaoensis (A. B. Meyer)
Baza ti7norlaoejisis A. B. Meyer. Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 4, 1892-
1893 (1893), no. 3, p. 5. ' (Timorlaut.)
Islands from Lombok east to Timorlaut including, probably, Djampea,
Bonerate and Kahdupa.
Aviceda subcristata pallida (Stresemann)
Baza s-ubcristata pallida Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913, p. 305 (in key),
p. 306. (Tual, Kei Islands.)
South-East and Kei Islands.
— ^ Aviceda subcristata rufa (Schlegel)
Baza rufa Schlegel, Yog. Xed. Ind., Valkvog., 1866, p. 41, 78, pi. 27, f. 4;
pi. 28, f. 1-3. (Hahnahera, Morotai, Batjan, Temate, Tidore.)
Xorthem Moluccas.
Aviceda subcristata stresemanni (Siebers)
Baza stresemanni Siebers, Treubia, 7, 1930, Suppl. p. 243. (Xal'Besi,
Bum.)
Bum.
■ --I Aviceda subcristata reinwardtii (Miiller and Schlegel)
Falco {Lophotcs) Reinwardtii Miiller and Schlegel, Yerh. Xed. Overz.
Bezitt. Zool. Aves., 1843, p. 35, f . 2. (Celebes, Borneo, error = Ceram,
substituted by Berlepsch, Abh. Senckb. Xat. Ges., 34, 1911, p. 81.)
Southern Moluccas (Ceram, Amboina); Misol, Salawatti, Waigiu,
Xew Guinea.
ORDER FALCOXIFORMES 197
-4- ?Aviceda subcristata stenozona (G. R. Graj-)
Baza stenozana G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 169. (Am
Islands.)
Am Islands. (Doubtfully distinct from reinwardiii.)
Aviceda subcristata megala (Stresemann)
Baza subcristata megala Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 20, 191.3, p. .305 (in key),
p. 307. (Fergusson Island.)
Fergusson and probably other islands in the D'Entrecasteaux Group.
Aviceda subcristata bismarckii (Sharpe)
Baza birmarcJcii Sharpe, in Gould, Bds. New Guinea, pt. 25, 1888, text
to plate labelled Baza gumeyi. (Xew Britain and New Ireland. Type
from New Britain figured as Baza gumeyi.)
Bismarck Archipelago (New Hanover, Xew Ireland, New Britain) .
""' Aviceda subcristata gumeyi (Ramsay)
Baza Gumeyi Ramsay, Joum. Linn. .Soc. London, 16, 1882, p. 130.
(L'gi Island, Solomon Islands.)
Solomon Islands.
Aviceda subcristata queenslandica (Mathews)
Baza s^ubcristata queenslandica Mathews, Xov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 251.
(Mackay, Queensland.)
LophaMur s^ubcriMatus kempi Mathews, Bds. Aiistr., 5, 1916, p. 220.
(SkuH Creek, Cape York.)
Northwest Australia to northern Queensland.
"—/-" Aviceda subcristata subcristata (Gould)
Lepidogenys s^ibcriMatus Gould, Sjti. Bds. Austr., pt. 3, 1S3S, pi. [46]
and text. (New South Wales.)
Southern Queensland and New South Wales.
— 1^ — Aviceda leuphotes leuphotes (Dumont)
Falco leuphotes Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat., 16, 1820, p. 217. (Pondi-
cherrj'.)
Nepal, Terai, Sikkim and eastern Bengal to eastern Assam (north of the
Brahmapootra) ; Travancore, Ce5ion.
1 — Aviceda leuphotes bxirmana (W. L. Sclater)
Baza lophotes burmana W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Om. CL, 41, 1920,
p. 31. (Malewoon, Patchan Estuan,', Tenasserim.)
Baza lophotes melli Stresemann, Joum. f. Om., 71, 1923, p. 525. (Tso-
gok-wahn, Kwangtung.)
Assam (south of the Brahmapootra) east to Indo-China and south to
northern Malaj' Peninsula and Siam; moimtains of Kwangtung.
198 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus HENICOPERNIS G. R. Gray
Henicopernis G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 153. Type,
by monotypy, Astur longicauda Lesson = Falco longicauda Garnot.
cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 126-127.
■^1 Henicopernis longicauda longicauda (Garnot)
Falco longicauda Garnot, Voy. 'Coquille', livr. 7, 1828, pi. 10; livr. 12,
1829, p. 588. (Dorey, Dutch New Guinea.)
Waigiu, Salawatti, Mysol, Misori, New Guinea, Aru Islands.
Henicopernis longicauda infuscata Gurney
Henicopernis infuscata Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 128. (Blanche Bay, New
Britain.)
New Britain.
Genus PERNIS Cuvier
Pernis Cuvier, Regne Animal, 1, 1817 (1816), p. 322. Type, by monotypy,
Falco apivorus Linn6.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1181-1184.
McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 235-236.
Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, 1923, p. 94-95.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 165-169.
»— ^ Pernis apivorus apivorus (Linn^)
Falco apivorus Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 91. (Europe =
Sweden apud Hartert.)
Breeds in Europe from Norway, Sweden and Lapland south to Spain,
northern Italy and Greece, east to western Siberia. Winters in Africa south
to Natal.
,^L..,. Pernis apivorus orientalis Taczanowski
Pernis apivorus orientalis Taczanowski, Fauna Orn. Sib.-Orient., pt. 1,
1891, p. 50 (in M^m Acad. Imp. Sci. St.P^tersb., (7), 39. Eastern
Siberia.)
Pernis apivorus japonicus Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 37, 1925, p. 223
(Japanese text), p. 225 (English text). (Province of Shinano, Hondo,
Japan.)
Breeds in southern Siberia from southwestern Altai to the Amur region;
also the mountains of Hondo ; probably in Manchuria and northern China.
South in winter to northern India, Burma and southern China.
I Pernis apivorus ruficollis Lesson
Pernis ruficollis Lesson, Traits d'Orn., livr. 1, 1830, p. 77. ("Patrie in-
connue" = Bengal.)
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 199
India from the Punjab to Ceylon; Bengal and Assam (probably south-
western Yunnan) east to Tonkin and Laos.
f Pernis apivorus ptilorhyncus (Temminck)
Falco ptilorhyncus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 8, 1821, pi. 44. (Java and
Sumatra.)
Malay Peninsula, peninsular Siam; Java, Sumatra and Borneo.
-j — Pernis apivorus celebensis Walden
Pernis celebensis Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 8, 1872, p. 111.
(Celebes.)
Pernis celebensis steerei Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 40, 1919, p. 41.
(San Antonio, Negros, Philippines.)
Philippine Islands and Celebes.
Genus ODONTRIORCHIS Kaup
Odontriorchis Kaup, Classif. Saug. und Vog., 1844, p. 124. Type, by
monotypy, cayennensis — Falco cayennensis Gmelin, p. 269. (Not of
p. 263) = Falco palliatus Temminck.
Micraetus Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), 1901, p. 156. Type, by
monotypy, Micraetus holmbergianus Bertoni = Falco palliatus Tem-
minck.
cf. Helbnayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 456-457.
[ Odontriorchis palliatus (Temminck)
Falco palliatus "P. Max." Temminck, PI. Col., Uvr. 23, 1822, pi. 204.
(Brazil and Guiana = Rio Peruhype, southern Bahia, accepted by
Hellmayr as type locality.)
Micraetus Holmbergianus Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), 1901, p. 156.
(Banks of the Alto Parang, lat. 25° 47' S., Paraguay.)
Odontriorchis palliatus guianensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 159.
(Near Paramaribo, Surinam.)
Odontriorchis palliatus mexicanus Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 159.
(Tampico, Mexico.)
Tropical Mexico south through Central and South America (including
Island of Trinidad) to BoUvia and southeastern Brazil.
Odontriorchis forbesi Swann
Odontriorchis jorbesi Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 159. (Pernam-
buco, Brazil.)
Unique.^
1 Hellmayr, loc. cit., casts doubt upon the validity of this species, but W. L.
Sclater in lilt., informs me that he does not believe th&i forhesi can possibly be
identical with palliatus.
200 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus CHONDROHIERAX Lesson
Chondrohierax Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, (2), 7, 184.3, col. 61.
Type, by monotypy, Daedalion erythrofrons Lesson = Falco uncinatus
Daudin.
cf. Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 267-269.
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 101-103.
i Chondrohierax megarhynchus (Des Murs)
Regerhinus Cymindis Megarhynchus "Kaup," Des Murs in Castelnau,
Voyage, 1, 1855, Ois., p. 9, pi. 1. (Sarayacu, Ecuador?).
Andes of Venezuela; eastern Ecuador; eastern Peru; Bolivia.^
• \ Chondrohierax uncinatus (Temminck)
Falco uncinatus "Illiger" Temminck, PL Col., hvr. 18, 1822, pi. 103, 104,
115. ("Vicinity of Rio to the north of Brazil and all of Guiana.")
Tropical Mexico, through Central and South America to northern Ar-
gentina; Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles.
*-^ Chondrohierax wilsonii (Cassin)
Cymindis Wilsonii Cassin, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., n. s., 1, 1847,
p. 21, pi. 7. (Near Gibara, Cuba.)
Island of Cuba.
Subfamily MILVINAE
Genus HARPAGUS Vigors
Harpagus Vigors, Zool. Journ., 1, 1824, p. 338. Type, by subsequent
designation, Falco bidentatus Latham. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840,
p. 4.)
cf. Carriker, Ann. Carn. Mus., 6, 1910, p. 469.
Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 272-274.
— -i Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus Lawrence
Harpagus fasciatus Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, p. 429.
(Guatemala.)
Southern Mexico to Panama.
~~V Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus (Latham)
Falco bidentatus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 38. (Cayenne.)
Colombia to the Guianas, south to Peru, eastern Bolivia, Matto Grosso
and northern Maranhao.
1 The birds recorded as Chondrohierax megarhynchus by Dabbene (Hornero,
3, 1926, p. 391-394) from Tucumdn appear to belong to uncinatus.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 201
/ Harpagus diodon (Temminck)
Falco diodon Temminck, PL col., livr. 34, 1823, pi. 198. (Brazil = Rio
Peruhype, near Villa Vigosa, southern Bahia.^)
Gampsonyx ranivorus Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), 1901, p. 165.
(Alto Parana, lat. 25° 40', Paraguay.)
Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul.
Genus ICTINIA Vieillot
Ictinia Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 24. Type, by monotj^Dy, Milan-Cres-
serelle Vieillot = Falco plumbevs Gmelin.
cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr .-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 103-105.
"*— |- Ictinia misisippiensis (Wilson)
Falco misisippiensis Wilson, Am. Orn., 3, 1811, p. 80, pi. 25, f. 1. (Below
Natchez, Mississippi.)
Breeds (formerly at least) from northeastern Kansas, southern Indiana
and South Carolina to Texas and Florida. Winters in Florida and southern
Texas, occasionally south to Guatemala.
—— + Ictinia plumb ea (Gmelin)
Falco plumbeus Gmehn, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 283. (Cayenne, ex
Latham.)
Ictinia plumbea vagans Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 25,
1921, p. 5. (Pena Blanca, Nicaragua.)
Tropical Central and South America from southern Mexico to Bolivia,
northern Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil.
Genus ROSTRHAMUS Lesson
Rostrhamus Lesson, Traits d'Orn., U\t. 1, 1830, p. 55. Type, by mono-
typy, Rostrhamus niger Lesson = Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot.
Cymindes "Spix" Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, 1922, p. 79.
Type, by monotypy, Cymindis leucopygus Spix = Herpetotheres socia-
bilis Vieillot.
cf. Wetmore, BuU. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 106-107.
~-f-" Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Ridgway
Rostrhamus sociabilis var. plumbeus RidgM'ay, in Baird, Brewer and
Ridgway, Hist. No. Am. Bds., 3, 1874, p. 208 (in key), p. 209. (Ever-
glades of Florida.)
Breeds locally in tropical Florida, Cuba, Isle of Pines, eastern Mexico to
Costa Rica.
1 Naumburg, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, 1930, p. 112.
202 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
--^' Rostrhamus sociabilis sociabilis (Vieillot)
Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 18, 1817, p. 318.
(Corrientes and Rio de la Plata.)
Rostrihamus (sic) tenuirostris Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), 1901,
p. 171. (Puerto Bertoni, Alto Parand, lat. 25° 40', Paraguay.)
Eastern Panama over South America to northern (Tucumdn) and east-
ern (Buenos Aires) Argentina and Uruguay.
Genus HELICOLESTES Bangs and Penard
Helicolestes Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 62, 1918, p. 38.
Type, by original designation, Falco hamatus "IlHger" = Temminck.
cf. Hellmayr, Abh. K. Bay. Akad. Wiss., Kl. 2, 23, 1906, p. 569.
T Helicolestes hamatus (Temminck)
Falco hamatm "Illiger" Temminck, PI. col., livr. 11, 1821, pi. 61.
(Brazil.)
Northern South America from Surinam to eastern Peru and the lower
Amazon.
Genus MILVUS Lacepede
Milvus Lacepede, Table Ois., 1799, p. 4. Type, by tautonjTiiy, Falco
milvus Linn6.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1166-1175.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 170-180.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 120-125.
— ^' Milvus milvus milvus (Linne)
Falco Milvus Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Europe, Asia,
Africa, restricted type locality, Sweden.)
Milvus milvus harterti B^de, M^m. Soc. Sci. Nat. Morocco, no. 16, 1926
(= May, 1927), p. 36. (Ain-Leuh, Middle Atlas, Morocco.)
Breeds in England (locally), Scandinavia north to lat. 61°, east to
Russia, south to northwestern Africa, Asia Minor and Palestine; Canary
Islands. Migratory in the northern part of its range, but not crossing the
Sahara.
Milvus milvus fasciicauda Hartert
Milvus milvus fasciicauda Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 33, 1914, p. 89.
(Santo Antao, Cape Verde Islands.)
Cape Verde Islands.
— \ Milvus migrans migrans (Boddaert)
Falco migrans Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 28. (Restricted type
locality, France, apud Hartert, ex Daubenton, pi. 472.)
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 203
Milvus korschun reichenowi Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 5, 1897, p. 192.
(Sidi Ali-ben-Aoun, southern Tunis.)
Milvus korschun rufivevter, Buturlin, Nascha Okhota, 1908. (Transcau-
casia and Transcaspia.)
Breeds from Spain, southern France, Germany and Finland south to
northwestern Africa, southeastern Europe, Asia Minor, Kirghiz Steppes,
and northeastern Baluchistan. Winters in northern Africa.^
■— I Milvus migrans aegyptius (GmeHn)
Falco oegy-ptius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 261. (Egypt.)
Egypt.
— j Milvus migrans parasitus (Daudin)
Falco parasitus Daudin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 150. (South Africa,
ex LevaiUant.)
Africa south of the Sahara (including Ethiopia); Madagascar and the
Comoro Islands.
"^ Milvus migrans arabicus Swann
Milvus migrans arabicus Swann, Synop. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 153.
(Lahy, southern Arabia.)
Southern Arabia and Somaliland.
—'I Milvus migrans govinda Sykes
Milvus Govinda Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 81.
(Deccan.)
All of India, Burma and Ceylon, rarely to the Malay Peninsula.
—I- Milvus migrans affinis Gould
Milvus affinis Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 3, 1838, pi. [47, f. 1] and text.
(Australia = New South Wales, ^de Mathews, antea, p. 171.)
Milvus korschun napieri Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 249. (Napier
Broome Bay, northwest Australia.)
Lesser Sunda Islands, Timor, Celebes, New Guinea, Bismarck Archi-
pelago, Australia.
""°~V^ Milvus lineatus lineatus (J. E. Gray)
Halicetus lineatus J. E. Grav, in Hardwicke, 111. Ind. Zool., 1, pt. 8, 1831,
p. 1, pi. 18. (China.)
Milvus melanotis ferghanensis Buturlin, Nascha Okhota, 1908.
(Ferghana.)
Breeds in western Siberia from about lat. 58° N. east to Transbaikalia
and Japan, south to Transcaspia, Turkestan, the Himalayas and northern
1 Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 58, says, "of doubtful occurrence
in the Etliiopian region, ..."
204 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
China. Winters south to northern India, Burma and Indo-China and
Hainan.
Milvus lineatus formosanus Kuroda
Milvus lineatus formosam<s Kuroda, Dobuts. Zasshi, 32, 1920, p. 243,
(Japanese text), p. 245 (English text), (Gyochi, Nanto District, Central
Formosa.)
BeUeved to be resident on Formosa.
Genus LOPHOICTINIA Kaup
Lophoictinia Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 113. Type, by monot5T)y, Milvus
isurus Gould.
cf. Mathews, Eds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 181-186.
.. Y^.-^ Lophoictinia isura (Gould)
Milvus isurus Gould, Syn. Eds. Austr., pt. 3, 1838, pi. [47, f . 2] and text.
(Austraha = New South Wales, fide Mathews antea, p. 182.)
Milvus isura westraliensis Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 250. (Perth,
Southwest Austraha.)
Austraha.
Genus HAMIROSTRA Erown
Hamirostra Erown, 111. Gen. Eds., pt. 8, 1846, p. 12. Type, by monotypy,
Hamirostra montana Erown = Buteo melanosternon Gould.
cf. Mathews, Eds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 187-196.
'-^ Hamirostra melanosternon (Gould)
Buteo melanosternon Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 162.
(Interior of New South Wales.)
Gypoidinia melanosterna decepta Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 250.
(Parry's Creek, Northwest Australia.)
Interior of Australia.
Genus HALIASTUR Selby
Haliastur Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Aves, 1840, p. 2 (note), p. 3.
Type, by original designation, Hal. pondicerianus = Falco indus Eod-
daert.
Idiniastur Mathews, Eds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 146. Type, by original
designation, Milvus sphenurus Vieillot. (Originally proposed as a sub-
genus.)
cj. Hartert, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 364, 1929, p. 2.
Mathews, Eds. Austr., 5, 1915-1916, p. 145-169.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas, 1, 1927, p. 255-256.
Stuart Eaker, Fauna Erit. Ind., ed. 2, Eds., 5, 1928, p. 118-120.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 205
Haliastur Indus Indus (Boddaert)
Falco Indus Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 25. (Pondicherry, ex
Daubenton, pi. 416 and Buffon, 1, p. 490.)
India and Burma east to southern China, south to Ceylon, Tenasserim,
northern Siani and central Annam.
Haliastur Indus intermedius Blyth
Haliastur intermedius Bl3i;h, Ibis, 1865, p. 28. (Java.)
Malay Peninsula, southern Siam and southern Annam southward;
PhiHppines, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, east to Celebes ^ and the Lesser Sunda
Islands.
Haliastur indus girrenera (Vieillot)
Haliaetvs girrenera Vieillot, Gal. Ois., 1, 1822, p. 31, pi. 10. (India, Ben-
gal, Pondicherry, Coromandel and Malabar, also New Holland accord-
ing to Latham. Restricted type locality, New South Wales [the plate
represents the AustraUan form]).
Haliastur indite subleucosternus Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 249.
(Derby, northwest AustraUa.)
The Moluccas, New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago, Solomon Islands,
Austraha.^
Haliastur sphenurus sphenurus (Vieillot)
Milvus sphenurus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 20, 1818, p. 564.
(Australia = New South Wales.)
Haliastur sphenurus territori Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 88.
(Northern Territory; type said to be from Mary River.)
New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Australia and Tasmania.
Haliastur sphenurus johannae Brasil
Haliastiir sphenurus johannae Brasil, Rev. Frany. d' Orn., 4, 7 Jan. 1916,
p. 201. (New Caledonia.)
Haliastur sphenurus sarasini Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 29 Feb. 1916,
p. 169. (New Caledonia.)
New Caledonia.
Subfamily ACCIPITRINAE
Genus ACCIPITER^ Brisson
Accipiter Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 28, 310. Type, by tautonjony, Ac-
cipiter Brisson = Falco nisus Linne.
^ Haliastui ambiguus Briiggemann is a synonym of intermedius; Haliacetus
leucosternus Gould, one of girrenera.
2 I entirely agree with Hartert and Stresemann in uniting Astur with Ac-
cipiter. There is no line which can be drawn between the two groups. Foot
206 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Paraspizias Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 74. Type, by original
designation, Sparvius cirrhocephalus Vieillot.
Aerospiza Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 208. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Falco tachiro Daudin.
Neonisus Roberts, Arm. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 208. Type, by original
designation, Accipiter melanoleucus A. Smith.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1145-1163.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 267-270.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 35-83.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 238-248.
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^thiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 67-71.
Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 435-437; 442-446.
Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 73, 1925, p. 319-323.
Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 6-7.
Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 34, 1926, p. 73-76.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 156-164.
Stuart Baker, op. cit, 7, 1930, p. 421-425.
Sushkin, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 39, 1928, p. 1-32.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 3, 1925, p. 176-196.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 4, 1925, p. 197-276.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 5, 1926, p. 277-337.
--J^- Accipiter gentilis gentilis (Linne)
Falco gentilis, Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Dalecarlian
Alps, Sweden.)
Scandinavian Peninsula, Latvia and western Russia (Provs. of Vitebsk
and Minsk).
—Hh Accipiter gentilis gallinarum (C. L. Brehm)
Astur gallinarum C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., 1831,
p. 83. (Coniferous Forests of Germany.)
Western and central Europe east to Russia (Provs. of Grodno and
Poltava).
--4 Accipiter gentilis arrigonii (Kleinschmidt)
Astur gentilis arrigonii Kleinschmidt, Om. Monatsb., 9, 1903, p. 152.
(Sardinia.)
Corsica and Sardinia.
structure, the chief character which has been used to differentiate the two
genera, shows every possible variation between the "Asturs" with the shorter
middle toe and the "Accipiters" in which the middle toe is very long and
slender.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 207
Accipiter gentilis marginatus (Filler and Mitterspacher)
Falco marginatus Filler and Mitterspacher, Iter per Foseg. Sclavon.,
1783, p. 28. (Vukovar, Slavonia.)
Astur gentilis balcanicus Lonnberg, Journ. f. Orn., 73, 1925, p. 105.
(Southeastern Europe.)
Western half of Jugo-Slavia and northern Albania.
—f— Accipiter gentilis moscoviae (Sushkin)
Astur gentilis moscoviae Sushkin, Froe. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 39, 1928,
p. 8. (Dist. of Mikhailov, Frov. of Riazan, central Russia.)
Central and part of northwestern European Russia from Leningrad and
Lake Onega south to Kharkov and Voronezh, east to Kazan and Simbirsk.
-^ Accipiter gentilis buteoides (Menzbier)
Astur palumbarius buteoides Menzbier, Orn. Geogr. Eur. Russl. (in,
Mem. Sci. Univers. Imp. Moscou Hist. Nat.) 1882, p. 439. (Near
Vladimir, central Russia.)
Astur gentilis poecilopterus Lonnberg, Fauna och Flora, 1922, p. 228.
(Lodma and North Dvina, Frov. Arkhangelsk, Russia.) (Also de-
scribed as a new subspecies in Ibis, 1923, p. 215, northern Russia.)
Northeastern Russia and western Siberia from the lower Dvina (possibly
Kola Feninsula and Ufa) east probably to the Yenessei.
—y- Accipiter gentilis caucasicus Kleinschmidt
Accipiter Palumbarius caucasicus Kleinschmidt, Berajah, 1923, p. 5;
pi. 9, f. 5; pi. 12, f. 5. (Caucasus.)
Crimean Feninsula, Caucasus, Transcaucasia and probably also north-
western Fersia.
— /- Accipiter gentilis albidus (Menzbier)
Astur palumbarius albidus Menzbier, Orn. Geogr. Eur. Russl. (in, M^m.
Sci. Univers. Imp. Moscou, Hist. Nat.) 1882, p. 438. (East Siberia,
Amurland and Kamchatka, ex FaUas, Schrenck.)
Astur caesius ButurUn, Fsovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, 1907, no. 7.
Also described under the same name in Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 80.
(Sredue-Kolymsk, east Siberia.)
Northeast Siberia east of the Yana River; Kamchatka. Southern limits
of range not known.
-j^ Accipiter gentilis schvedowi (Menzbier)
Astur palumbarius Schvedowi Menzbier, Orn. Geogr., Eur. Russl. (in,
Mem. Sci. Univers. Imp. Moscou, Hist. Nat.) 1882, p. 439. (Trans-
baikaUa.)
Central Asia from Barnaul and Krasnoyarsk to Yakutsk and the Aldan
River, south to the Tian Shan and Altai Mountains and the Amur River.
■208 CHECK-LIST OF BIEDS OF THE WORLD
- — i Accipiter gentilis khamensis (Bianchi)
Astur palumbarim khainemis Bianchi. Bull. Brit. Om. CI., 16, 1906,
p. 70. (Kham, southeastern Tibet, type from Lun-tok-ndo, north of
Chando, headwaters of the Mekong, according to Sushkin supra.)
Southeast-Central Asia, in southwestern Kansu, southeastern Tibet,
Szetchuan. perhaps northern Yunnan.
y/ Accipiter gentilis fujiyamae (^Swann and Hartert)
Astur geniilis fvjiyama Swann and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Om. CI., 43, 1923,
p. 170. (Sagam i-no-kuni. Japan.)
Japan and Sakhalin.
— / Accipiter gentilis atricapillus (Wilson)
Fak-o atrkapiUu^ Wilson, Am. Om., 6, 1812, p. SO, pi. 52, f. 3. (Near
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.)
Xorthwestem Alaska to northern Ungava, south to Michigan. ]Maine
and Xew Brunswick. South in the mountains to Xew Mexico and Pennsyl-
vania. Irregularly in winter south to northern Mexico, Texas, Missouri
and Virginia.
-y- Accipiter gentilis striatxilus (Ridgway)
Astur atricupillus var. striatulus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. Xo. Am. Bds., 3. 1S74. p. 23S. 2.39! 240. (Colorado, ''Fort Benton
on the Missouri," "Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound.")
Breeds in the Boreal Zone of the Pacific coast region from Cook Inlet to
California. Arizona, Xew Mexico and Chihuahua.
Accipiter henstii (Schlegel)
Astur henstii Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1873, Rev. Ois. de Proie, p. 62.
(Morondava, southwestern Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
Accipiter meyerianus (Sharpe)
Astur Meyerianus Sharpe, Joum. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1878, p. 458.
(Ansus, Island of Jobi.)
Astur planes Reichenow, Joum. f. Om.. 58. 1910, p. 412. (Island of
Vuatom, off the north coast of Xew Britain. Error, type is from the
Gazelle Peninsula, Xew Britain.) = imm. 9
Accipiter planes manehi Stresemann, Om. !Monatsb., 30, 1922, p. 110.
(lUo-Illo, Ceram) = imm. f
Ceram, Ceramlaut, Gilolo, Jobi, Xew Britain, Solomon Islands.
Accipiter biirgersi (Reichenow)
Astur biirgersi Reichenow, Om. Monatsb., 22, Feb. 1914, p. 29. (Ma-
anderberg. Sepik Piiver region, Xew Guinea) = ad.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 209
Accipiter (Astur) eudiabolus Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Om. CI.,
35, Nov. 1914, p. 8. (Babooni, 3000 feet, British New Guinea) = ad.
melanistic.
Mountains of eastern New Guinea.
" I -Accipiter melanoleucus temminckii (Hartlaub)
Astur Temminckii Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 353. (Rio
Bountry, Gold Coast.)
West coast of Africa from Cape Yerde south to Gaboon.
— /^ Accipiter melanoleucus melanoleucus A. Smith
Accipiter melanoleucus A. Smith, So. Air. Quart. Joum. (1), 1830, p. 229.
(Ba\iaans River, Cape Proxdnce.)
Eastern Africa from Ethiopia to Cape Pro\ince.
—y/ Accipiter tachiro macrocelides (Hartlaub)
Astur macrocelides "Te mm ." Hartlaub, Joum. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 354*
(Gold Coast.)
Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria.
Accipiter tachiro unduliventer (Riippell)
Falco {Astur) undvliventer Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vog., 1836, p. 40,
pi. 18, f. 1. (Simien, Ethiopia.)
Ethiopia and Shoa.
Accipiter tachiro sparsimfasciatus (Reichenow)
Astur sparsimfasciatus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 3, 1895, p. 97. (Zan-
zibar.)
Astur tachiro nyansae Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 10, 1902, p. 138. (^'ic-
toria Nyanza.)
Astur tachiro acelefus Oberholser, Proc. T. S. Nat. Mus., 28, 1905, p. 829.
(Taveta, Kenya Colony.)
Astur tachiro orienticola Oberholser, Ann. Carn. Mus., 3, 1906, p. 495.
(Mombasa, Kenya Colony.)
Astur tachiro tenebrosi.is Lonnberg, Ark. f. Zool., 11, no. 5, 1917, p. 2.
(Londiani, Kem-a Colon}'.)
Astiir tachiro benguelleiisis Swann, Sra. List. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 34.
(Kabisombo, River Quilengo, Benguella.)
Uganda and Kenya Colon}' to Angola and Mashonaland.
Accipiter tachiro tachiro (Daudin)
Falco tachiro Daudin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 90. (Antiniquoi County
= Knysna, Cape Pro^^nce.)
Eastern Transvaal and Natal to Cape Province.
210 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
j Accipiter tachiro toussenelii (J. and E. Verreaux)
Nisus Toussenelii J. and E. Verreaux, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 101.
(Gaboon.)
Cameroon to Gaboon.
'-^- Accipiter tachiro canescens (Chapin)
Astur toussenellii (sic) canescens Chapin, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 7, 1921,
p. 1. (Medje, northern Ituri district, Belgian Congo.)
Forested regions of the Belgian Congo.
Accipiter tachiro lopezi (Alexander)
Astur lopezi Alexander, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 13, 1903, p. 49. (Moka,
Fernando Po.)
Island of Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea.
/ Accipiter castanilius Bonaparte
Accipiter castanilius Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1853, p. 578.
(South America. Error = Gaboon.)
Accipiter beniensis Lonnberg, Ark. f . Zool., 10, no. 24, 1917, p. 13. (Beni,
eastern Congo.)
Cameroon to Portuguese Congo, east to the Ituri district of the Belgian
Congo.
"»-/ Accipiter trinotatus Bonaparte
Accipiter trinotatus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 33. (Celebes.)
Spilospizias trinotatus haesitandus Hartert, Nov. Zool., 3, 1896, p. 162.
(Southern Celebes. Type from Tasoso, Bonthain Peak, 6000 feet.)
Celebes.
i
Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov)
Astur brevipes Severtzov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 23, no. 3, 1850,
p. 234, pi. 1-3. (Gouvernment Voronesh.) (Owing to an error in
pagination of pt. 3, pp. 241-352 were numbered 173-284, conse-
quently there are two p. 234's. The reference cited applies to the first
p. 234.)
Astur graecus Madard,sz, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 65. (Greece.)
Breeds from southern Russia to Jugo-Slavia, Greece, Asia Minor and the
Caucasus. Winters in Syria and from the southern shores of the Caspian
Sea to southwestern Persia.
— /- Accipiter badius sphenurus Rtippell
Falco (Nisus) sphenurus Rlippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vog., 1836, p. 42.
(Dahlak Island, Red Sea.)
Astur riggenbachi Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 21, 1908, p. 69. (Gas-
sam, east of Thies, Senegal.)
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 211
Astur sphenurus obscurior Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 64, 1916, p. 161.
(Bossum, Uam River, northeastern Cameroon.)
Senegal, Gold Coast and southern Nigeria east to Eritrea and south-
western Arabia, south to Cameroon, Uganda and Kenya Colony.
— ^ Accipiter badius polyzonoides A. Smith
Accipiter polyzonoides A. Smith, lU. Zool. S. Afr. Aves, 1838, pi. 11.
(South Africa north of lat. 26° S. = Mafeking, Transvaal.)
Africa from Tanganyika Territory, northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland
south to the Orange River.
— /- Accipiter badius chorassanicus (Heptner and Stachanov)
Astur badius chorassanicus Heptner and Stachanov, Journ. f. Orn., 78,
1930, p. 514. (Machtum-Kala, 13 km. west of Askhabad, Trans-
caspia.)
Transcaspia and northern Persia; Baluchistan(?).
"~~/ Accipiter badius cenchroides (Severtzov)
Astur cenchroides Severtzov, Bull. Imp. Soc. Friends Nat. Sci. Anthr. and
Ethnogr. Moscou, 8, pt. 2, 1873, p. 113. (Aulje-ata and Chimkent,
Russian Turkestan; restricted to the lower Syr-Darja by Heptner
and Stachanov.)
Breeds in the Syr-Darja Valley, western Tian-Shan and Ferghana.
Winters in Sind and the Punjab.
~-^! — Accipiter badius dussumieri (Temminck)
Falco dussumieri Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 52, 1824, text to pi. 308
(adult), pi. 336 (immature). (India, type from Bengal.)
India from Kashmir to Sikkim and Bengal, south to Travancore.
ccipiter badius badius (Gmelin)
Falco badius Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 280. (Ceylon.)
Astur insularis Madardsz, Orn. Monatsb., 18, 1910, p. 65. (Ceylon.)
Travancore and Ceylon.
Accipiter badius poliopsis (Hume)
Micronisus poliopsis Hume, Str. Feath., 2, 1874, p. 325. (Northern
Pegu.)
Southern Assam to Tenasserim.
■ { — A ccipiter badius klossi Swann ^
Astur badius klossi Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 4, 1925, p. 217.
(Daban, southern Annam.)
^ Regarded as indistinguishable from poliopsis by Stuart Baker.
212 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Southern China from the Burma border (and Shan States?) east to
Kwangsi and Hainan, south to the northern Malay Peninsula, Siam and
Cambodia.
Accipiter butleri butleri (Gurney)
Astur hutleri Gurney, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 7, 1898, p. 27. (Car Nicobar
Island.)
Car Nicobar, Nicobar Islands.
Accipiter butleri obsoletus (Richmond)
Astur obsoletus Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 306.
(Katchal Island.)
Katchal Island, South Nicobar Islands.
--/ Accipiter soloensis (Horsfield)
Falco Soloensis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 137.
(Java.)
Breeds from northern China and Korea south to Kwangtung and For-
mosa(?). In winter to the Malay Peninsula and the East Indies to Waigiu.
Accipiter novaehoUandise sumbaensis (A. B. Meyer)
Urospizias sumbaensis A. B. Meyer, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 4, pt. 3,
1893, p. 7. (Sumba Island.)
Sumba Island.
\/ Accipiter novaehoUandiae sylvestris Wallace
Accipiter sylvestris Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863 (1864), p. 487.
(Flores Island.)
Islands of Flores, Sumbawa, Pantar and Alor.
Accipiter novaehollandiae polionotus (Salvadori)
Urospizias polionotus Salvadori, Mem. Accad. Torino (2), 40, 1890,
p. 147. (Timorlaut.)
Islands of Banda, Babber, Dammer and Timorlaut.
Accipiter novaehollandiae albiventris (Salvadori)
Urospizias albiventris Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 982.
(Great Kei Island and Kei Bandan.)
Kei Islands.
Accipiter novaehollandiae obiensis (Hartert)
Astur griseogularis obiensis Hartert, Nov. Zool., 10, 1903, p. 3. (Obi
Major.)
Island of Obi Major.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 213
~-f '"• Accipiter novaehollandiae griseogularis (G. R. Gray)
Astur griseogularis G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 343.
(Batchian, Gilolo and Ternate.)
Islands of Tidore, Ternate, Halmahera, Batjan and Gebe.
Accipiter novaehollandiae mortyi Hartert
Accipiter fasciatus mortiji Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 269. (Morty
Island.)
Island of Morotai (or Morty).
— I Accipiter novaehollandiae hiogaster (S. Mtiller)
Falco hiogaster S. Miiller, Verb. nat. ges. Nederl. Land-en Volkenk.,
1841, p. 110, note. (Amboina.)
Islands of Ceram and Amboina.
Accipiter novaehollandiae pallidiceps (Salvador!)
Urospizias pallidiceps Salvador!, Ib!s, 1879, p. 474, (Buru.)
Island of Buru.
— j-w Accipiter novaehollandiae leucosomus (Sharpe)
Astur novcehollandice leucosomus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874,
p. 94 (in key), p. 119. ("New Guinea and adjacent islands" ex
Schlegel, Vog. Ned. Ind., 1866, p. 19, 58, pi. 11, f. 3.)
Islands of Salawatti, Job! and Mafor;New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux
Islands and Louisiade Archipelago; Wa!giu(?) Aru Islands(?)
Accipiter novaehollandiae misoriensis (Salvador!)
Urospizias misoriensis Salvador!, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 904.
(Korido, Misori Island.)
Island of Misori.
'? Accipiter novaehollandiae dampieri (Gurney)
Urospizias dampieri Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 453. (New Britain.)
Bismarck Archipelago.
Accipiter novaehollandiae rooki Rothschild and Hartert
Accipiter hiogaster rooki Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914,
p. 288. (Rook Island.)
Rook Island (between New Guinea and New Britain).
— I' Accipiter novaehollandiae bougainvillei (Rothschild and Hartert)
Astur etorques bougainvillei Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 12,
1905, p. 250. (Bougainville Island.)
Bougainville and Fauro Islands.
214 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Accipiter novaehollandise rufoschistaceus (Rothschild and Hartert)
Astur rufoschistaceus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 590.
(Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.)
Ysabel, Choiseul and Treasury Islands.
Accipiter novsehollandiae pulchellus (Ramsay)
Astur pulchellus Ramsay, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, 16, 1881, p. 131.
(Cape Pitt, Solomon Islands, ex Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 4,
pt. 1, 1879, p. 66.)
Guadalcanar and Florida Islands.
Accipiter novaehoUandiaB rubianae (Rothschild and Hartert)
Astur etorques rubianae Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905,
p. 250. (Solomon Islands, type from Gizo.)
Islands of New Georgia, Rendova, Gizo and Vella Lavella.
Accipiter novaehoUandiae cooktowni (Mathews)
Astur clarus cooktowni Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 245. (Cook-
town, north Queensland.)
Ast^lr novaehoUandiae alboides Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 246.
(Parry's Creek, northwest Australia.)
Astur clarus robustus Zietz, South Austr. Orn., 1, 1914, p. 13. (MelviUe
Island.)
Northern Australia.
«»^ Accipiter novaehollandias novaehollandiaB (Gmelin)
Falco novce-Hollandice Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 264. (New
South Wales ex Latham = Tasmania fide Mathews.)
Southern Australia and Tasmania.^
Accipiter eichhomi eichhorni Hartert
Accipiter eichhorni Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 36. (Feni Island,
east of South New Ireland.)
Known only from Feni Island.
Accipiter eichhorni imitator Hartert
Accipiter eichhorni imitator Hartert, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 37. (Choi-
seul Island.)
Choiseul Island, northern Solomon Islands.
/ Accipiter poliocephalus G. R. Gray
Accipiter poliocephalus G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 170.
(Aru Islands.)
Mysol, Salawatti, Waigiu, Jobi, Fergusson and St. Aignan; Aru Islands.
^ Sparverius cinereus Vieillot and Astur rail Vigors and Horsfield are both
synonyms.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 215
Accipiter haplochrous Sclater
Accipiter haplochrous Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 275, pi. 8. (Nu Island, off
New Caledonia.)
New Caledonia.
Accipiter henicogrammus (G. R. Gray)
Astur henicogrammus G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 343.
(East Gilolo.)
Islands of Morotai (or Morty), Batjan and Halmahera (or Gilolo).
Accipiter fasciatus natalis (Lister)
Urospizias natalis Lister, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888 (1889), p. 523.
(Christmas Island.)
Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.
Accipiter fasciatus wallacii (Sharpe)
Astur wallacii Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 95 (in key),
p. 128, pi. 5. (col. f. of adult). (Lombok, ad. d', Buru, yg. 9.)
Islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sermata, Moa, Letti, Kalao,
Djampea, Kalidupa, Tomia; Tukang Besi Islands.
Accipiter fasciatus tjendanae Stresemann
Accipiter fasciatus tjendanae Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 73, 1925, p. 323,
note 1. (Waingapo, Sumba.)
Island of Sumba.
—f~ Accipiter fasciatus hellmayri Stresemann
Accipiter fasciatus hellmayri Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 70, 1922, p. 129,
note 2. (Timor). New name for Falco torquatus Temminck not Pon-
toppidan.
Islands of Timor, Semao, Alor and Savu.
Accipiter fasciatus buruensis Stresemann
Accipiter torquatus huruensis Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914, p. 381.
(Fakal, 1050 m., Buru.)
Island of Buru.
""' Accipiter fasciatus polycryptus Rothschild and Hartert
Accipiter fasciatus polycryptus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 22,
1915, p. 53. (Sogeri dist., 2000-3500 feet, Owen Stanley Mountains,
New Guinea.)
New Guinea.
-) Accipiter fasciatus didimus (Mathews)
Astur fasciatus didimus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 33. (Mel-
ville Island.)
Northwest Australia, Northern Territory, Melville Island.
£16 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Accipiter fasciatus cruentus (Gould)
Astur cruentus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842 (1843), p. 113.
(York dist.. West Australia.)
West and South Australia.
"^t Accipiter fasciatus fasciatus (Vigors and Horsfield)
Astur Fasciatus Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15,
1827, p. 181. (New South Wales.)
Astur fasciatus mackayi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 246. (Mac-
kay, Queensland.)
Eastern Australia; Norfolk Island (?).
y Accipiter fasciatus vigilax (Wetmore)
Astur approximans insularis F. Sarasin, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1, livr.
1, 1913, p. 8. (New Caledonia.)
Astur fasciatus vigilax Wetmore, Condor, 28, 1926, p. 46. (New name for
Astur f. insularis Sarasin not Astur badius insularis Madardsz.)
New Caledonia.
Accipiter fasciatus rufitorques (Peale)
Aster rufitorques Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 68 (Fiji Islands.)
Fiji Islands.
"^ Accipiter francesii brutus (Schlegel)
Nisus brutus Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3, 1866, p. 80. (Mayotte
Island.)
Mayotte Island, Comoro Group.
-'"/ Accipiter francesii pusillus (Gurney)
Scelospizias pusillus Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. 358. (Joanna Island, ex Ibis,
1864, pi. 7.)
Islands of Joanna (or Anjuan) and Grand Comoro, Comoro Group.
-/- Accipiter francesii francesii ^ A. Smith
Accipiter Francesii A. Smith, So. Afr. Quart. Journ. (2), 1834, p. 280.
(Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
^- f Accipiter trivirgatus rufitinctus (Horsfield)
Spizaetus rufitinctus Horsfield, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 153.
(Banks of the Brahmaputra, Assam.)
Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Yunnan and Formosa south to Burma and
Indo-Chinese countries.
1 Nisuoides morelii Pollen is a synonym. Cf. Bangs and Peters, Auk, 43,
1926, p. 369-370.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 217
Accipiter trivirgatus trivirgatus (Temminck)
Falco trivirgatus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 51, 1824, pi. 303. (Sumatra.)
Hill districts of southern India and Ceylon, Tenasserim, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo and the Philippines (?).
Accipiter griseiceps (Schlegel)
Astur griseiceps Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Astures, p. 23. (Atep
and Gorontalo, north Celebes.)
Celebes.
Accipiter bicolor fidens Bangs and Noble
Accipiter bicolor fidens Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 444. (Buena
Vista, Vera Cruz, Mexico.)
Southeastern Mexico.
Accipiter bicolor bicolor (Vieillot)
Sparvius bicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 325.
(Cayenne.)
Yucatan through Central America to Colombia, the Guianas and
Amazonia.
Accipiter bicolor schistochlamys Hellmayr
Accipiter bicolor schistochlamys Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 16, 1906,
p. 82. (Nanegal, western Ecuador.)
Western Ecuador.
Accipiter bicolor pileatus (Temminck)
Falco pileatus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 35, 1823, pi. 205. (Brazil =
Ilha Cachoeirinha, Rio Belmonte, Bahia, fide Hellmayr, Field Mus.
Publ. Zool. Ser., 12, 1929, p. 458.)
Brazil from Maranhao, Ceard, and Bahia south to Rio Grande do Sul,
Paraguay and northern Argentina.
Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte)
Falco cooperii Bonaparte, Am. Orn., 2, 1828, p. 1, pi. 10, f. 1. (Near
Bordentown, N. J.)
Breeds from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, central Que-
bec and Nova Scotia south over the United States to northern Mexico.
Winters from the northern United States to Costa Rica.
Accipiter gundlachi Lawrence
Accipiter Gundlachi Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1860,
p. 252. (Hanabana, Cuba.)
Cuba (of doubtful status; now probably extinct).
218 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Accipiter pectoralis (Bonaparte)
Falco pectoralis Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. ZooL, 1850, p. 490. (Brazil.)
Range not exactly known but probably from the Guianas to south-
eastern Brazil and west to Ecuador.
^ Accipiter chilensis R. A. Philippi and Landbeck
Accipiter chilensis R. A. Philippi and Landbeck, Arch. f. Naturg., 30,
Band 1, 1864, p. 43. (Chile.)
Chile and western Argentina south to the Straits of Magellan.
/
Accipiter guttifer Hellmayr
Accipiter guttifer Hellmayr, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 13, 1917, p. 200.
(Bolivia). New name for Sparvius guttatus auct not Sparvius guttatus
Vieillot, which is Accipiter pileatus Temminck.
Southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina.
—4^ Accipiter superciliosus exitiosus Bangs and Penard
Accipiter superciliosus exitiosus Bangs and Penard, Proc. New Eng.
Zool. CI., 7, 1920, p. 45. (Carillo, Costa Rica.^
Costa Rica south to northern and western Colombia.
Accipiter superciliosus superciliosus (Linne)
Falco superciliosus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 128. (Surinam.)
Venezuela and the Guianas south to Sao Paulo, Brazil.
-f- Accipiter albogularis G. R. Gray
Accipiter albogularis G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 5, 1870,
p. 327. (Recherche Bay, San Cristoval.)
Astur sharpei Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (6), 12, 1877, p. 25.
(Marianne Islands. Error = specimen of albogularis with wrong local-
ity, fide Stresemann, in litt.)
Solomon Islands.
Accipiter luteoschistaceus Rothschild and Hartert
Accipiter luteoschistaceus Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI.,
46, 1926, p. 53. (Talasea, New Britain.)
New Britain.
Accipiter melanochlamys melanochlamys (Salvador!)
Urospizias melanochlamys Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875,
p. 905. (Mt. Arfak, New Guinea.)
Berau Peninsula, northwestern New Guinea.
1 Cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, 1930, p. 187-188.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 219
Accipiter melanochlamys schistacinus (Rothschild and Hartert)
Astur melanochlamys schistacinus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 20,
1903, p. 482. (Mt. GoHath, eastern central Dutch Papua.)
tp^^!^^ M*- Goliath and Angabunga River, New Guinea.
— «/ Accipiter collaris Sclater
■f^'j^.r Accipiter collaris Sclater, Ibis, 1860, p. 148, pi. 6. ("Interior of New
t-^^', Grenada" = Bogota,, Colombia.)
Known only from a few specimens from Colombia (Bogota collections)
and the Andes of Merida, Venezuela.
Accipiter poliogaster (Temminck)
Falco poliogaster "Natterer" Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 45, 1824, pi. 264.
(Brazil.)
Exact distribution not worked out; recorded from Colombia, British
Guiana, Paraguay, southern Brazil (Sao Paulo) and northeastern Argen-
tina (Misiones).
^4— Accipiter nisus nisus (Linn6)
Falco Nisus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 92. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden.)
Accipiter nisus galliae Kleinschmidt, Falco, 13, 1917, p. 24 (pp. 17-24
duplicated) (France).
Breeds from limit of trees in northern Europe east to Russia and south
to the Mediterranean. Winters south to northern Africa.
^ Accipiter nisus hibemicus Swann
Accipiter nisus hibemicus Swann, BuU. Brit. Orn. CI., 44, 1924, p. 79.
(Hillsborough, County Down, Ireland.)
Resident in the wooded districts of the British Isles.
— /- Accipiter nisus punicus Erlanger
Accipiter nisus punicus Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 5, 1897, p. 187. (Ain-
bou-Dries, Tunis.)
Iberian Peninsula (?), Morocco, Algeria and Tunis.
y^ Accipiter nisus granti Sharpe
Accipiter Granti Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 5, 1890, p. 485.
(Madeira.)
Madeira.
— f — Accipiter nisus teneriffae Laubmann
Accipiter nisus teneriffae Laubmann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 11, 1912,
p. 164. (Vilaflor, Tenerife.)
Canary Islands.
220 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
<--*/ Accipiter nisus wolterstorffi Kleinschmidt
Accipiter wolterstorffi, Kleinschmidt, Orn. Monatsb., 9, 1901, p. 168.
(Lanusei, Sardinia.)
Corsica and Sardinia.
Accipiter nisus peregrinoides Kleinschmidt
Accipiter nisus peregrinoides Kleinschmidt, in Grote, Aus der Orn. Lit.
Russlands, no. 3, 1921, p. 56. (Rossitten, east Prussia.)
Probably the breeding race of Russia and western Siberia. Winter
range not worked out, but has been taken in Hungary at that season.
«-^^ Accipiter nisus nisosimilis (Tickell)
Falco Nisosimilis Tickell, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 2, 1833, p. 571.
(Marcha, Borabhum, India.)
Breeds in northern and central Asia from Turkestan to the Sea of
Okhotsk, Japan, northern China and eastern China south to the Yangtse.
Winters to India, Burma and southern China.
Accipiter nisus pallens Stejneger
Accipiter pallens Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893, p. 625.
(Province of Hitachi, Japan.)
Doubtful form, believed to be the breeding race in Kamchatka. In
winter to Japan.
— T^ Accipiter nisus melaschistos Hume
Accipiter Melaschistos (sic) Hume, Rough Notes, March, 1869, p. 128.
(Interior of the Himalayas.)
Accipiter melanoschistus Hume, Ibis, July, 1869, p. 356. (Simla.)
Accipiter nisus lodygini Bianchi, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 16, 1906, p. 69.
(Kham, southeastern Tibet; figured Aves Exped., P. K. Koslowi,
1907, pi. 3, f. 2.)
Breeds from Kashmir east to the Minshan Range, south to the Hima-
layas and Upper Burma.
— ^Accipiter rufiventris perspicillaris (Rlippell)
Falco (Astur) perspicillaris Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vog., 1836, p. 41,
pi. 18, f. 2. (Gondar, Abyssinia.)
Ethiopia and Shoa.
—f Accipiter rufiventris rufiventris A. Smith
Accipiter rufiventris A. Smith, So. Air. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 231.
(Baviaan's River.)
South Africa north to Katanga.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 221
— y- Accipiter madagascariensis A. Smith
Accipiter Madagascariensis " Verreaux" A. Smith, So. Afr. Quart. Journ.,
(2), 1834, p. 282. (Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
—f~ Accipiter striatus velox (Wilson)
Falco velox Wilson, Am. Orn., 5, 1812, p. 116, pi. 45, f. 1. (Banks of the
Schuylkill River near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.)
Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie eastward to
central Quebec and Newfoundland, south to Lower California and northern
Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast and northern Florida. Winters from British
Columbia and the northern border of the United States south to Costa
Rica.
""-^ Accipiter striatus fringilloides Vigors
Accipiter fringillmdes Vigors, Zool. Journ., 3, 1827, p. 434. (Near Havana,
Cuba.)
Island of Cuba.
— / Accipiter striatus striatus Vieillot
Accipiter striatus Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., 1, 1807, p. 42, pi. 14. (Haiti.)
Mountains of Hispaniola.
Accipiter striatus venator Wetmore
Accipiter striatus venator Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, 1914,
p. 119. (Maricao, Puerto Rico.)
Mountains of western Puerto Rico.
"»-~4«- Accipiter erythronemius chionogaster Kaup
Nisus (seu Accipiter) chionogaster Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851,
p. 41. (Coban, Guatemala.)
Recorded only from Guatemala and Nicaragua.
— ^ Accipiter erythronemius salvini (Ridgway)
Nisus salvini Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 2, 1876,
p. 121. (M^rida, Venezuela.)
Accipiter chionogaster venezuelensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 58.
(Escorial, Merida, Venezuela.)
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia and Andes of Merida, Vene-
zuela.
— "/- Accipiter erythronemius ventralis Sclater
Accipiter ventralis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866, p. 303. (In-
terior of Colombia.)
Andes of western Colombia, Ecuador and Peru to northwestern Bolivia.*
1 Accipiter ventralis nigroplumbeus Lawrence is the dark phase of v. ventralis,
Cf. Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark, f. Zool., 14, no. 25, 1922, p. 34.
222 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
^Accipiter erythronemius erythronemius Kaup
Nisus vel Accipiter erythronemius "G. Gray," Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850,
p. 64. (Bolivia.)
Eastern Bolivia to Bahia south to Rio Grande do Sul, Entre Rios and
Tucumdn.
Accipiter minullus zenkeri Reichenow
Accipiter zenkeri Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 2, 1894, p. 125. (Jaunde,
Cameroon.)
Accipiter sharpei Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 564. (Gaboon?) not
Astur sharpei Oustalet which is Accipiter albogularis sharpei (Oustalet) .
Accipiter batesi Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 13, 1903, p. 50. (Efulen,
Cameroon.)
West Africa from Cameroon to Benguella.
*-^>' Accipiter minullus erythropus (Hartlaub)
Nisus erythropus "Temm." Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 354.
(Rio Bountry, Gold Coast.)
West Africa from Gambia to Togoland.^
Accipiter minullus intermedius Erlanger
Accipiter minullus intermedius Erlanger, Journ. f . Orn., 52, 1904, p. 173.
(Abela, Ethiopia.)
Africa from the Egyptian Sudan and Ethiopia to Uganda.
Accipiter minullus sassii Stresemann
Accipiter minullus sassii Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 109.
(Beni, Belgian Congo.)
Eastern Belgian Congo.
•'■"'"/ Accipiter minullus tropicalis Reichenow
Accipiter mimdlvs tropicalis Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 46, 1898, p. 139.
(East Africa.)
Eastern Kenya Colony south to the Zambesi.
- 7 Accipiter minullus minullus (Daudin)
Falco minullus Daudin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 88. (Gamtoos River,
Cape Province.)
Africa south of the Zambesi.
— T Accipiter virgatus affinis Hodgson
Accipiter affinis Hodgson, Bengal Sporting Mag., n. s., 8, 1836, p. 179.
(Nepal.)
' Nisus hartlaubi Hartlaub and Accipiter bilttikoferi Sharpe are synonyms.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 223
Breeds from the western Himalayas to western China, Yunnan and south
to Assam and hills of northern Burma. Winters over the greater part of
northern India, southern China (including Hainan and Formosa) and
Indo-China.
Accipiter virgatus besra Jerdon
Accipiter Besra Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 10, 1839, p. 84. (Soonda
Jungles, South India.)
Southern India and Ceylon.
— }r Accipiter virgatus virgatus (Temminck)
Falco virgatus ''Reinw." Temminck, PL Col., Hvr. 19, 1822, pi. 109.
(Java.)
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
-, -j . Accipiter virgatus confusus Hartert
Accipiter virgatus confusus Hartert, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 209. (La-
guna de Bai, Luzon.)
Accipiter manillensis auct. not Meyen.
Philippine Islands: (Luzon, Guimaras, Leyte, Mindanao, Mindoro,
Negros) .
•f — Accipiter virgatus gularis (Temminck and Schlegel)
Astur (Nisus) gularis Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna Jap.,
Aves, 1845, p. 5, pi. 2. (Japan.)
Breeds in northern China and Japan. In winter south to the Philippines
and the Malay Archipelago.
Accipiter virgatus stevensoni Gurney
Accipiter stevensoni Gurney, Ibis, 1863, p. 447, pi. 9. (Pekin and Macao,
China.)
Breeds in Manchuria to northern China. In winter to Burma, Indo-
China and the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. (Doubtfully distinct
from gularis) .
^^ Accipiter virgatus nisoides Blyth
Accipiter nisoides Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 16, 1847, p. 727.
(Malacca.)
Southern China from Fohkien to Burma, the Andamans and the Malay
States.
l/^ Accipiter virgatus rhodogaster (Schlegel)
Nisus virgatus rhodogaster Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Astures,
p. 32. (Gorontalo, northern Celebes.)
Celebes and Banggai.
224 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
T — Accipiter virgatus sulaensis (Schlegel)
^i8U8 sulaensis Schlegel, Vog. Ned. Ind., Valkv., 1866, p. 26, 64, pi. 16,
fs. 3, 4. (Sula Besi.)
Sula Islands.
Accipiter cirrhocephalus papuanus (Rothschild and Hartert)
Astur cirrhocephalus papuanus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. ZooL, 20,
1913, p. 482. (Snow Mountains, New Guinea.)
New Guinea.
— y- Accipiter cirrhocephalus cirrhocephalus (Vieillot)
Sparvius cirrhocephalus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 329.
(New South Wales.)
Accipiter cirrocephalus hoesitataM.a,thews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3, 1917, p. 128.
(Cape York, Queensland.)
Accipiter cirrhocephalus quaesitandus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915,
p. 81. (Cape York, Queensland.)
Eastern Australia.
Accipiter cirrhocephalus broomei Mathews
Accipiter cirrhocephalus broomei Mathews, Nov. ZooL, 18, 1912, p. 247.
(Broome Hill, southwest Australia.)
Northern Territory and western Australia.
Accipiter brachyurus (Ramsay)
Astur brachyurus Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 4, 1879,
p. 465. ("Thirty miles inland" = New Britain.)
New Britain.
Accipiter erythrauchen erythrauchen G. R. Gray
Accipiter erythrauchen G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 344.
(East Gilolo.i)
Northern Moluccas (Halmahera, Batjan, Obi)
Accipiter erythrauchen ceramensis (Schlegel)
Nisus cirrhocephalus ceramensis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862,
Astures, p. 39. (Ceram.)
Southern Moluccas (Ceram and Buru).
«- / Accipiter ovampensis Gurney
Accipiter ovampensis Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. 367, pi. 6. (Okavango River,
Ovampoland.)
' Accipiier rubricollis Wallace is a synonym. Cf. Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 21,
1914, p. 72.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 225
Accipiter hilgerti Erlanger, Journ. f . Orn., 52, 1904, p. 171, pi. 6. (Daroli
River, Arussi-Gallaland.)
Africa from the Gold Coast to Uganda and southern Ethiopia south to
southwest Africa and eastern Transvaal.
Genus ERYTHROTRIORCHIS Sharpb
Erythrotriorchis Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875, p. 337. Type,
by monotypy, Falco radiatus Latham.
cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 249-250.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 5, 1926, p. 339-341.
""T^ Erythrotriorchis radiatus (Latham)
Falco radiatus Latham, Lid. Orn., Suppl., 2, 1801, p. xii. (New South
Wales.)
Erythrotriorchis rufotibia Campbell, Emu, 10, 1911, p. 249. (Napier
Broome Bay, northwest AustraUa) .
Erythrotriorchis radiatus katherine (sic) Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3,
1916, p. 57. (Katherine River, Northern Territory.)
Erythrotriorchis radiatus queenslandicus Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 3,
1917, p. 128. (Cedar Bay, Queensland.)
Northern and eastern Australia.
— ^ Erythrotriorchis doriae (Salvadori and d' Albertis)
Megatriorchis doriae Salvadori and d'Albertis, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
7, 1875, p. 805. (Yule Island, New Guinea.)
New Guinea.
Genus MELIERAX G. R. Gray
Melierax G. R. Gray, List. Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 5. Type, by original
designation, Fako musicus Daudin.
cf. Friedmann, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 41, 1928, p. 93-96.
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^Ethiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 71-72.
— y.— Melierax musicus musicus (Daudin)
Falco musicus Daudin, Traits d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 116. (Cape Province,
ex Levaillant.)
Western portion of South Africa north to Matabeleland and Damara-
land.
— ^ Melierax musicus poliopterus Cabanis
Melierax poliopterusCabanis, in von derDecken, Reise, 3, Abthl. 1, 1869,
p. 40. (Umba River, East Africa.)
East Africa from Somaliland to Irangi, Tanganyika Territory.
226 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
-/' Melierax metabates metabates Heuglin
Melierax metabates Heuglin, Ibis, 1861, p. 72. (White Nile between 6°
and 7° N. lat.)
Western Morocco and northern Nigeria through the southern Egyptian
Sudan to Ethiopia; south on the east to Tanganyika Territory.
Melierax metabates neumanni Hartert
Melierax canorus neumanni Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1165.
(Arbub, near Merau, Dongola Province, Sudan.)
The Sahara from Lake Chad to Kordofan and the Red Sea Province of
the Egyptian Sudan.
*/ Melierax metabates mechowi Cabanis
Melierax Mechowi Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 30, 1882, p. 229. (Angola:
type from Melandje.)
Southern Angola to northern Damaraland, east to Nyasaland and
Mashonaland.
r
Melierax metabates ignoscens Friedmann
Melierax metabates ignoscens Friedmann, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 41,
1928, p. 94. (Shekh Othman, Aden Protectorate, Arabia.)
Southwestern Arabia.
^•^ Melierax gabar (Daudin)
Falco gabar Daudin, Traits d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 87. (Interior of South
Africa, ex Levaillant.)
Africa from Senegambia, Sudan, Ethiopia and southwestern Arabia to
Cape Province.
Genus HETEROSPIZIAS Sharpe
Heterospizias Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 158 (in key),
p. 160. Type, by monotypy, Falco meridionalis Latham.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 5, 1926, p. 342-344.
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 113-115.
— 7 Heterospizias meridionalis meridionalis (Latham)
Falco meridionalis Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 36. (Cayenne.)
Eastern Panama and tropical South America south to Bolivia, the Para-
guayan Chaco and Rio Grande do Sul.
/ Heterospizias meridionalis australis Swann
Heterospizias meridionalis australis ^ Swann, Auk, 38, 1921, p. 359.
(Laguna de Malima, Tucumdn.)
Northern Argentina south to Tucumdn and Buenos Aires.
1 Circus rufulus Vieillot may prove to be an earlier name. Cf. Wetmore,
supra, p. 114,
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 227
Genus UROTRIORCHIS Sharpe
Urotriorchis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 46 (in key), p. 83.
Type, by monotypy, Astur macrourus Hartlaub.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 294-297.
Urotriorchis macrourus macrourus (Hartlaub)
Astur macrourus "Temm." Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 3, 1855, p. 353.
(Dabocrom, Gold Coast.)
Gold Coast Colony.
■—y^ Urotriorchis macrourus batesi Swann
Urotriorchis macrourus batesi Swann, Syn. List. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 29.
(Bitye, River Ja, Cameroon.)
Cameroon and Portuguese Congo east to the Aruwhimi and Ituri dis-
tricts of the Belgian Congo.
Subfamily BUTEONINAE
Genus GERANOAETUS Kaup
Geranoaetus Kaup, Class. Saugeth. und Vog., 1844, p. 122. Type, by
monotypy, Falco aguia Temminck = Spizaetus melanoleucus VietUot,
cf. Swann, Mongr. Bds. Prey, pt. 5, 1926, p. 345-348.
— X-- Geranoaetus melanoleucus meridensis Swann
Geranoaetus melanoleucus meridensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922,
p. 68. (Nevada, 3000 met., Merida, Venezuela.)
Andes of M6rida, Venezuela; perhaps also mountains of Colombia and
Ecuador.
/ Geranoaetus melanoleucus melanoleucus (Vieillot)
Spizaetus melanoleucus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 32, 1819, p. 57.
(Paraguay.)
Paraguay and southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) south to eastern
Argentina and Uruguay.
Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis Swann
Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 67.
(VaUe del Lago Blanco, Chubut, Argentina.)
Northwestern Argentina south to the Straits of Magellan; probably also
from Peru and central Chile southward.
228 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus BUTEO ^ LacepJide
Buteo Lacepede, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 4. Type, by tautonymy, Falco
buteo Linne.
Potamolegus Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos, (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 158.
Type, Potamolegus superciliaris magniplumis Bertoni. (Here desig-
nated for the first time.)
Praedo Kleinschmidt, Falco, 13, 1917, p. 10. Type, by original designa-
tion, Mausebussard = Falco buteo Linne (not Praedo Nelson).
Percnohierax Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 2. Type,
by original designation, Falco leucorrhous Quoy and Gaimard.
Coryornis Ridgway, Auk, 42, 1925, p. 585. Type, by original designa-
tion, Rupornis ridgwayi Cory.
cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 227-230.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1114-1131; 3, 1922, p. 2202-2205.
Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI., 11, 1929, p. 43-48.
Portenko, BuU. Acad. Sci. URSS, CI. Sci. Phys.-Math., 1929, p. 623-
652; 707-716.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 66-67.
Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 73, 1925, p. 295-319.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 5, 1926, p. 349-364.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 6, 1926, p. 365-396.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 7, 1928, p. 397-428.
Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius Gurney
Buteo hypospodius ^ Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 73, pi. 3. (Medellin, Colom-
bia.)
Southwestern United States (Lower Rio Grande Valley) south through
Mexico and Central America to northwestern South America (Colombian
Andes and Andes of M^rida, Venezuela).
Buteo albicaudatus colonus Berlepsch
Buteo albicaudatus colonus Berlepsch, Journ. f. Orn., 40, 1892, p. 91.
(Island of Curagao.)
Tachytriorchis albicaudatus exiguus Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 34, 1915, p. 637. (Barrigon, head of Rio Meta, Colombia.)
Colombia, east of the Andes, to Surinam; also Islands of Aruba, Bonaire,
Curagao and Trinidad.
^ Includes Rupornis. I do not believe that Rupornis is generically separable
from Buteo. Magnirostris appears to have its nearest affinities with Buteo
platypterus; ridgwayi is undoubtedly not distantly related to Bvteo lineatus
while leucorrhous probably is not far removed from Buteo brachyurus.
2 Replaces B. a. sennetti Allen; cf. Stresemann supra, p. 317-319.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 229
Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus Vieillot
Buteo albicaudatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 4, 1816, p. 477.
(South America = Rio de Janeiro apud Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15,
1908, p. 291.)
Northwestern Argentina, southern Brazil and Uruguay south to the Rio
Negro.
Buteo poecilochrous Gurney
Buteo poecilochrous Gurney, Ibis, 1879, p. 176. (Yauayacu, Ecuador.)
Buteo melanosternus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 104.
(Cuzco, Peru). Not Buteo melanosternon Gould, which is Hamirostra
melanosternon (Gould.)
Buteo erythronotus simonsi Swann, Sjm. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 85. (Chal-
lapata, Bolivia.)
Andes of northern Ecuador to northern Chile and northwestern Argen-
tina.^
Buteo polyosoma peruviensis Swann
Buteo erythronotus peruviensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 85.
(Eten, Dept. of Lambayeque, northwestern Peru.)
Coast region of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru.
Buteo polyosoma polyosoma (Quoy and Gaimard)
Falco polyosoma Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. 'Uranie', Zool., pt. 1, 1824,
p. 92, pi. 14. (Falkland Islands.)
Buteo melanostethus R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 166.
(Prov. of Santiago, Chile.) Figured, An. Mus. Nac. Chile, entr. 15,
sect. 1, Zool., 1902, pi. 2.
Buteo poecilogaster R. A. Phihppi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 166,
167. (Chile.) Figured An. Mus. Nac. Chile, entr. 15, sect. 1, Zool.,
1902, pi. 3.
^Buteo macrorhyncus R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1 , 1899, p. 166,
168. (Prov. of Valdivia, Chile.) Figured, An. Mus. Nac. Chile, entr.
15, sect. 1, Zool., 1902, pi. 4.^
Andes of Ecuador and Peru south through western Bolivia; Chile, Ar-
gentina (east to Tucumdn and Cordoba and from Buenos Aires Province
south to Tierra del Fuego); Falkland Islands.^
1 Cf. Stresemann antea, p. 316 and also Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
65, 1926, p. 229-230.
2 I cannot imagine what Buteo albigula Philippi (Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 2,
1899, p. 170) can possibly be.
3 Swann in his Monograph of the Birds of Prey (pt. 8, 1928, p. 398) identifies
Buteo ventralis Gould as a race of Buteo jamaicensis. I cannot agree to this;
there seems to be no reason for not regarding it as a plumage variation of the
polymorphic Buteo polyosoma (Quoy and Gaimard).
230 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Buteo polyosoma exsul Salvin
Buteo exsul Salvin, Ibis, 1875, p. 37L (Mas-a-fuera Island.)
Juan Fernandez Islands.
Buteo rufinus rufinus (Cretzschmar)
Falco rufinus Cretzschmar, in Riippell, Atlas, Vogel, 1829, p. 40, pi. 27.
(Upper Nubia, Schendi and Sennar and Ethiopia.)
Buteo ferox raddei Loudon, Proc. Fifth Int. Orn. Congr., 1912, p. 355
and pi. (Talysch-Kumbaschinsk, Caspian Sea.)
Breeds from southern Russia, Kirghiz Steppes, Turkestan and western
Mongolia south to Greece, Asia Minor and the western Himalayas. Win-
ters chiefly in Africa from northern Sudan to the valleys of the White and
Blue Nile, and in northwestern India.
Buteo rufinus cirtensis (Levaillant jun.)
Falco cirtensis Levaillant jun. Expl. Algerie, 1850, pi. 3. (No type
locality given = Algeria.)
Northern Africa from Morocco to Tunis and south of the Atlas to the
western Sahara.
Buteo rufofuscus augur Riippell
Falco (Buteo) Augur, Riippell, Neue Wirbelth., Vog., 1836, p. 38, pi. 16.
(Ethiopia.)
Ethiopia to southern Rhodesia.
Buteo rufofuscus archeri W. L. Sclater
Buteo jakal archeri W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 39, 1918, p. 17.
(Waghar, Somaliland.)
British Somaliland.
Buteo rufofuscus rufofuscus (J. R. Forster)
Falco rufofuscus J. R. Forster, Levaillant, Naturg. Afr. Vog., 1798, p. 59,
p. 16. (South Africa.)
Africa, south of the Limpopo.
Buteo auguralis Salvadori
Buteo auguralis Salvadori, Atti Soc. Ital. Milano, 8, 1865, p. 377. (Abys-
sinia and Gebel Aidun, Lybian Desert.)
Gold Coast east to the Egyptian Sudan and southern Ethiopia, south to
Angola.
Buteo hemilasius Temminck and Schlegel
Buteo hemilasius Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna Jap., Aves,
1844, p. 18, pi. 7 (1845). (Japan.)
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 231
Breeds from Lake Baikal to Ussuri and the Amur south to Tibet and
MongoUa, probably also in northern China. Winters south to India,
Burma and central China.
Buteo regalis (G. R. Gray)
Archibuteo regalis G. R. Gray, Gen. Bds., 1, 1844, col. pi. 6. (Real del
Monte, Mexico ex G. R. Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., 1844, p. 19,
nomen nudum.)
Breeds from southern Washington, southwestern Saskatchewan and
southern Manitoba to southern California, Utah, Colorado and Kansas.
Winters south to Lower California and northern Mexico.
Buteo jamaicensis alascensis Grinnell
Buteo horealis alascensis Grinnell, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 5, 1911, p. 211.
(Glacier Bay, Alaska.)
Southeastern Alaska from Yakutat Bay to the Queen Charlotte Islands,
British Columbia.
Buteo jamaicensis borealis (Graelin)
Falco borealis Gmehn, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 266. (Carolina.)
Buteo calurus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1855, p. 281. (Fort
Webster, New Mexico.)
Middle Yukon and central western Mackenzie, Manitoba, central
Quebec and Newfoundland south throughout Lower California, Mexico
and to the Gulf coast and Georgia. Winters somewhat south of its north-
ern breeding limit. Replaced by the following race in the northern half of
the Great Plains.
.Buteo jamaicensis kriderii Hoopes
Buteo borealis var. kriderii Hoopes, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873,
p. 238, pi. 5. (Winnebago Co., Iowa.)
Breeds in the Great Plains region of the United States from Wyoming to
Minnesota and south to Nebraska and Missouri. Winters south to Texas
and the Gulf Coast.
Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Bangs
Buteo borealis umbrinus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI., 2, 1901, p. 68.
(Myakka, Manatee Co., Florida.)
Florida Peninsula, Cuba, Isle of Pines. Bahama Islands?
Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis (Gmelin)
Falco jamaicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 266. (Jamaica,
ex Latham.)
Buteo tropicalis Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, 1909, p. 357.
(San Lorenzo, Dominican Republic.)
Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; (birds from the
Leeward Islands, Lesser Antilles, may be of this race).
232 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Buteo jamaicensis fumosus Nelson
Buteo horealis fumosus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 7.
(Maria Madre Island.)
Tres Marias Islands.
Buteo jamaicensis socorroensis Nelson
Buteo horealis socorroensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880,
p. 220. (Socorro Island, nomen nudum! ex Lawrence Proc. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 14, 1871, p. 301, but there not described!)
Buteo horealis socorroensis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 7,
in text. (Socorro Island.)
Socorro Island, off the west coast of Mexico.
Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Ridgway
Buteo horealis, var. costaricensis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. No. Am. Bds., 3, 1874, p. 285, note. (Costa Rica.)
Highlands of southern Mexico to western Panama.
Buteo harlani (Audubon)
Falco Harlani Audubon, Bds. Am., folio ed., 1, 1830, pi. 86. (Near St.
Francis ville. La.)
Breeds in southeastern Alaska, southwestern Yukon and northern Brit-
ish Columbia. In migration southeastward to the Upper Mississippi
Valley, wintering in the Lower Mississippi Valley.
Buteo galapagoensis (Gould)
Polyborus galapagoensis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 9.
(Galapagos Islands.)
Galapagos Islands.
Buteo albonotatus albonotatus Kaup
Buteo alhonotatus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 329. {Ex Gray, List Bds.
Brit. Mus., 1, 1844, p. 17, where nomen nudum, based on specimen
from Mexico.)
Breeds from southern Arizona, New Mexico, southwestern Texas and
Lower California through Mexico, occurring in migration in Central
America south to Panama.
Buteo albonotatus abbreviatus Cabanis
Buteo ahhreviatus Cabanis, in Schomburgh, Reise Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848,
p. 739. (Upper Pomeroon River, British Guiana.)
Resident in the Pearl Islands and in northern South America east to
Surinam. Doubtfully distinct from the typical race.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 233
— r^ Buteo lineatus elegans Cassin
Buteo elegans Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1855, p. 281. (Cali-
fornia and New Mexico.)
Southern British Columbia south to northern Lower California and
northwestern Mexico.
-f
Buteo lineatus lineatus (Gmelin)
Falco lineatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 268. (Long Island,
New York.)
Breeds from central Manitoba, southern Quebec and Nova Scotia south
probably to Missouri, Tennessee and North Carolina; western limit is
approximately the eastern border of the Great Plains. Winters through the
southern half (or more) of its breeding range south to the Gulf and South
Atlantic States.
~— 4- Buteo lineatus texanus Bishop
Buteo lineatus texanus Bishop, Auk, 29, 1912, p. 232. (Corpus Christi,
Texas.)
Coastal Plain region of southeastern Texas and the adjacent parts of
Tamaulipas.
— f- Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway
Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, 1885, p. 514.
(Tampa, Florida.)
Resident in the Gulf and South Atlantic States from eastern Texas to
South Carolina, south to Miami, Florida.
'-«—>. Buteo lineatus extimus Bangs
Buteo lineatus extimus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI., 7, 1920, p. 35.
(Cape Florida.)
Extreme southern Florida Peninsula and the Florida Keys.
\ Buteo ridgwayi (Cory)
Rwpornis ridgxoayi Cory, Quart. Journ. Boston Zool. Soc, 2, 1883, p. 46.
(Santo Domingo = Lower Yuma Valley, Dominican Republic.)
Island of Hispaniola.
Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte
Buteo Swainsoni Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 3. {Ex
Audubon pi. 372 = near the Columbia River.)
IButeo (Asturina?) aethiops R. A. Phihppi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1,
1899, p. 167, 168. (Central Provinces of Chile.) Figured An. Mus.
Nac. Chile, entr. 15, sect. 1, Zool., 1902, pi. 8.
?Buteo pictus R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 167, 169.
(Province of Valdivia, Chile.) Figured An. Mus. Nac. Chile, entr. 15,
sect. 1, Zool., 1902, pi. 9.
234 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds from southern British Columbia, western Alaska, northwestern
Mackenzie and Manitoba south to southern California and southeastern
Arizona. In migration through Central America and western South
America to its winter range in Chile.
Buteo solitarius Peale
Buteo solitarius Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 62. (Island of
Hawaii.)
Confined to the Island of Hawaii.
Buteo buteo buteo (Linne)
Falco Buteo Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 90. (Europe, restricted
type locality, Savoy, List Brit. Bds., ed. 2, 1915, p. 139.)
Europe south of lat. 66° from northern part of British Isles, Sweden
and Poland south to Spain, Italy, western part of the Balkan Peninsula
and the Carpathian Mountains.
Buteo buteo rothschildi Swann
Buteo buteo rothschildi Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1919, p. 43. (Terceira,
Azores.)
Azores.
Buteo buteo harterti Swann
Buteo buteo harterti Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1919, p. 43. (Madeira.)
Madeira.
Buteo buteo insularum Floericke
Buteo insularum Floericke, Mitt. Reichsb. Vogelk. und Vogelsch., 3,
1903, p. 64. (Grand Canaria.)
Buteo buteo lanzaroteae Polatzek, Orn. Jahrb., 19, 1908, p. 113. (Lan-
zarote.)
Canary Islands.
Buteo buteo bannermani Swann
Buteo buteo bannermani Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1919, p. 44. (Near
Mindello Bay, St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands.)
Cape Verde Islands.
Buteo buteo arrigonii Picchi
Buteo buteo Arrigonii Picchi, Avicula, 7, 1903, p. 40. (Sardinia.)
Corsica and Sardinia.
Buteo oreophilus Hartert and Neumann
Buteo oreophilus Hartert and Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 22, 1914, p. 31.
(Koritscha, 2800 m., southern Abyssinia.)
Mountains of northeastern and central Africa.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 235
Buteo brachypterus Hartlaub
Buteo brachypterus "y. Pelz." Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn., 8, 1860, p. 11.
(Madagascar, probably from Tamatave.)
Madagascar.
• Buteo vulpinus intermedius Menzbier
Buteo vulpinus intermedius Menzbier, Orn. Turkestan, 1888, p. 197.
(Russia.)
Breeds from eastern Sweden, Finland, the White Sea south through
western and central Russia to Rumania and Bulgaria. Winters in eastern
Africa(?)
"Buteo vulpinus menetriesi Bogdanov
Buteo menetriesi Bogdanov, Ois. Caucasus, in Arb. Naturf . Ges. Kazan, 8,
1879, heft 4, p. 45. (Caucasus.)
Caucasus and northern Persia.
Buteo vulpinus vulpinus (Gloger)
Falco vulpinus "Licht." Gloger, Das Abandern der Vogel, 1833, p. 141.
(Africa.)
Breeds from the Urals and southeastern Russia east to the Kentai
Mountains and Turkestan. Winters in eastern Africa, Arabia and western
India.
Buteo burmanicus burmanicus Hume
- Faclo (sic) buteo japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna
Jap., Aves, 1844, p. 16, 1845, pi. 6, 6b (the plates are lettered Buteo
vulgaris japonicus.) (Japan) not Falco tinnuculus japonicus id, op. cit.,
p. 2.
Buteo burmanicus Hume, Str. Feath., 3, 1875, p. 30, in text. (Thayet-
myo, Upper Pegu.)
Buteo japonicus saturatus Portenko, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS., CI. Sci.
Phys.-Math., 1929, p. 644. (Ju-tschou, Kham, southeastern Tibet.^
1 This form of Buteo burmanicvs described from western China and south-
eastern Tibet may well be a valid form, but the name saturatus is invalidated if
Asturina saturata Sclater and Salvin is placed in the genus Buteo as has been
done in this Check-List.
In the same paper, Portenko divides the different subspecies of the palaearctic
Buteos each into a number of color varieties, employing a quadrinomial form of
terminology to designate them, i. e., Buteo japonicus japonicus Temminck f.
pallidipectus. In such cases it is quite evident that no nomenclatorial value is
to be attached to the fourth term, nevertheless the practice of designating
color varieties in this way may lead to serious complications and should be
avoided.
236 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds in Asia from eastern Turkestan and the Upper Yenessei north to
Dauria and Lake Baikal, east to Ussuriland, south to the Himalayas,
Manchuria, Korea and Japan. Winters south to India, Burma and south
China.
-Buteo burmanicus toyoshimai Momiyama
Buteo japonicus toyoshimai Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, 1927,
p. 73 (Japanese text), 98 (English text), (Okimura, Coffin Island,
Bonin Islands.)
Bonin Islands.
Buteo lagopus lagopus (Pontoppidan)
Falco Lagopus Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, 1763, p. 616. (Denmark.)
Breeds on the tundras of northern Scandinavia and northern Russia. In
winter south to the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Balkan Peninsula.
Buteo lagopus pallidus (Menzbier)
Archibuteo pallidus Menzbier, Orn. Turkestan, 1, 1888, p. 163. (Siberia,
Turkestan, Kamchatka, Ussuri. Types from Bugun River and Ver-
noy, Turkestan.)
Breeds in northern Siberia from the Ob to the Kolyma, south to Lake
Baikal. Winters south to Transcaspia, Turkestan, northern China and
northern Japan.
Buteo lagopus s.-johannis (Gmelin)
Falco S. Johannis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 273. (Hudson
Strait and Newfoundland.)
Breeds in Arctic America from the Aleutian Islands and northwestern
Alaska to Ungava, south to central British Columbia, southern Ungava
and Newfoundland. Winters from the northern United States to Cali-
fornia, Texas and North Carolina.
Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot)
Sparvius Platypterus Vieillot, Tabl. Encyc. M^th., 3, 1823, p. 1273.
(Pennsylvania = Schuylkill River, ex Wilson.)
Buteo platypterus iowensis B. H. Bailey, Auk, 34, 1917, p. 73. (Eagle
Lake, Hancock Co., Iowa.)
Breeds from central Alberta, Ontario, southern Quebec and Cape Breton
Island south to Texas, the Gulf States and Florida, west to the eastern edge
of the Great Plains. Winters from southern Illinois and New Jersey to
northern Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Amazonian Peru.
Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns
Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns, Wils. Bull., 18 (n. s.), 1911, p. 148.
(Cuba.)
Islands of Cuba, Isle of Pines and probably Puerto Rico.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 237
— Buteo platypterus insulicola Riley
Buteo platypterus insulicola Riley, Auk, 25, 1908, p. 273. (Antigua,
British West Indies.)
Island of Antigua.
■~ Buteo platypterus rivieri Verrill
Buteo (latissimus) rivieri Verrill, Descriptions of three new species of
birds from Dominica B. W. I., no date [= 24 Oct. 1905], not paged.
(Dominica.)
Lesser Antilles from Dominica to St. Lucia.
"" Buteo platypterus antillarum Clark
Buteo antillarum Clark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 21 Feb. 1905, p. 62.
(Chateaubelair, St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.)
Lesser Antilles on the islands of St. Vincent, Grenada and the larger
Grenadines.
Buteo magnirostris griseocauda (Ridgway)
Rupornis magnirostris var. griseocauda Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., 16, 1873-1874 ( = Dec. 1873), p. 87 (in key), p. 88. (Mexico.)
Eastern and southern Mexico from central Tamaulipas south to Oaxaca
and probably to Tabasco and Chiapas.
f^ Buteo magnirostris conspectus (Peters)
Rupornis magnirostris conspecta Peters, Auk, 30, 1913, p. 370. (San
Ignacio, Yucatan.)
Yucatan Peninsula to extreme northern British Honduras.
~ Buteo magnirostris gracilis (Ridgway)
Rupornis gracilis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885, p. 94. (Co-
zumel Island.)
Islands of Cozumel, Meco, Holbox and probably Mugeres, off the coast
of Yucatan.
' - Buteo magnirostris direptor (Peters and Griscom)
Rupornis magnirostris direptor Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl.
Zool. CL, 11, 1929, p. 46. (Finca El Cipres, near Mazatenango, Pacific
slope of Guatemala.)
Guatemala (except probably extreme northeastern), south to Salvador
and east to southwestern British Honduras.
-\ Buteo magnirostris argutus (Peters and Griscom)
Rupornis magnirostris arguta Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool.
CL, 11, 1929, p. 46. (Ahnirante, Panama.)
Central America, from eastern Honduras south on the Caribbean slope
to western Panama and from the Honduras-Nicaragua boundary south on
the Pacific slope to northwestern Costa Rica.
238 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
-X- Buteo magnirostris ruficauda (Sclater and Salvin)
Asturina ruficauda Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869,
p. 133. (Cordoba, Jalapa, Mexico City, Omoa, Guatemala, Veragua,
David. The specimen figured in Exotic Orn., June 1, 1869, came either
from Veragua or the line of the Panama R. R. Since the latter is not
included in the list of original localities, the former may be taken as
the type locality.)
Pacific slope of Central America from the head of the Gulf of Nicoya to
the Rio Tuyra, eastern Panama.
H. i Buteo magnirostris alius (Peters and Griscom)
Rupornis magnirostris alia Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool.
CI., 11, 1929, p. 48. (El Rey, Pearl Islands.)
Confined to El Rey (or San Miguel Island), Pearl Islands, Bay of Pan-
ama.
/ Buteo magnirostris insidiatrix (Bangs and Penard)
Rupornis magnirostris insidiatrix Bangs and Penard, BuU. Mus. Comp,
Zool., 52, 1918, p. 36. (Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia.)
Caribbean slope of eastern Panama to northern and western Venezuela.
- j Buteo magnirostris ecuadoriensis (Swann)
Rupornis magnirostris ecuadoriensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., ed. 2, 1922,
p. 91. ("Vaqueroi" = Vaqueria(?) Ecuador.)
Western Colombia and western Ecuador.
— j Buteo magnirostris occiduus (Bangs)
Rupornis magnirostris occidua Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911,
p. 187. (Rio Tambopata, eastern Peru.)
Rupornis magnirostris zamorce Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 31, 1922,
p. 3. (Sabanilla, 5700 feet. Rio Zamora, Province of Loja, Ecuador.)
Southeastern Ecuador and Peru east of the Andes, eastward possibly to
the Rio Madeira.
«X Buteo magnirostris magnirostris (Gmelin)
Falco magnirostris Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 282. (Cayenne,
ex Daubenton PI. enlum., no. 464.)
Eastern Venezuela, the Guianas and northern Brazil.
*-4-- Buteo magnirostris nattereri (Sclater and Salvin)
Asturina nattereri Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869,
p. 132. (Vicinity of Bahia.)
Northeastern Brazil from Maranhao and Ceara to Bahia (perhaps to Rio
de Janeiro and northern Sao Paulo.)
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 239
I*—"- Buteo magnirostris magniplumis (Bertoni)
Potamolegus superciliaris magniplumis Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos
(1), no. 1, 1901, p. 159. (Rio Mondaih, Paraguay.)
Southern Brazil from Minas Geraes and Sao Paulo (perhaps further
north) south to Rio Grande do Sul, northeastern Argentina and eastern
Paraguay.
Buteo magnirostris superciliaris (Vieillot)
Sparvius superciliaris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 328.
(Paraguay.)
Potamolegus superciliaris var. furvicollis Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos
(1), no. 1, 1901, p. 161. (Asuncion, Paraguay.)
Paraguayan and Argentine Chaco.
1 Buteo magnirostris gixlaris (Schlegel)
Asturina gularis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Asturinae, p. 4.
(Buenos Aires.)
Uruguay and eastern Argentina in Provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Rios
and Buenos Aires.
*4^- Buteo magnirostris saturatus (Sclater and Salvin)
Asturina saturata Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876,
p. 357. (Apolo and Tilotilo, BoUvia.)
Southern Bolivia south through northwestern Argentina to Tucuman.
— f Buteo leucorrhous (Quoy and Gaimard)
Falco Leucorrhous Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. de 1' 'Uranie', Zool., pt. 1,
1824, p. 91, pi. 13. (Brazil.)
Rupornis nigra Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 162.
(Alto Parang, lat. 25°-27° S., Paraguay.)
Northeastern Colombia to Venezuela, south to Ecuador and Peru, north-
western and northeastern Argentina and Paraguay.
Buteo brachyurus Vieillot
Buteo brachyurus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 4, 1816, p. 477. (No
type locality = Cayenne, substituted by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15,
1908, p. 291.
Elanus amauroleucus Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901,
p. 166. Banks of the Alto Parang, lat. 26° and 27° S., Paraguay.)
Buteo abbreviatus minimus Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1919, p. 51. ("Miri-
tiba, S. Brazil.")
Breeds in southern Florida, possibly in eastern Mexico and Central
America and locally in South America where it occurs south to Paraguay
and northeastern Argentina.
240 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus PARABUTEO Ridgway
Parabuteo Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. No. Am. Bds.,
3, 1874, p. 250. Type, by monotypy, Buteo harrisi Audubon,
cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Americana, 3, 1899, p. 56-57.
(Buteo harrisi.)
■i' Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Audubon)
t
Buteo harrisi Audubon, Bds. Am., folio ed., 4, 1837, pi. 392. (Between
Bayou Sara and Natchez, Mississippi.)
Southern United States from California to Mississippi south to western
Ecuador; Lower California.
I Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus (Temminck)
Falco unicinctus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 53, 1824, pi. 313. (Vicinity of
Rio Grande, near Boa Vista, Brazil.)
?Buteo ater R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899, p. 167, 168.
(Province of Valdivia, Chile.) Figured An. Mus. Nac. Chile, entr. 15,
sect. 1, Zool., 1902, pi. 5.
IButeo (Asturina) elegans R. A. Philippi, Arch. Naturg., 65, Bd. 1, 1899,
p. 167, 169. (Chile.) Figured An. Mus. Nac. Chile, entr. 15, sect. 1,
Zool., 1902, pi. 7. (Not Buteo elegans Cassin, 1855.)
South America (east of the Andes) from Venezuela and Surinam south to
Argentina (Provinces of Cordoba and Buenos Aires) ; northern (?) and cen-
tral Chile.
Genus ASTURINA Vieillot
Asturina Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 24. Type, by monotypy, Asturia
(sic) cinerea Vieillot = Falco nitidus Latham.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 432-436.
Asturina nitida plagiata Schlegel
Asturina plagiata Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Asturinae, p. 1,
note. (Vera Cruz, Mexico.)
Asturina plagiata maxima van Rossem, Condor, 32, 1930, p. 303. (San
Javier, Sonora, Mexico.)
Breeds from southern Arizona and the lower Rio Grande Valley south
through Mexico to northern Guatemala. Migratory in the northern part of
its range.
"■ Asturina nitida micrus Miller and Griscom
Asturina polionota Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 17, 1869, p. 208. (Costa
Rica). Not Asturina polionota Kaup, 1847.
Asturina plagiata micrus Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 25,
1921, p. 4. (Four miles northeast of Chinandega, Nicaragua.)
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 241
Asturina plagiata minor "Griscom" Swann, Sjti. Accip., ed. 2, 1922,
p. 90. (Pigres, Costa Rica.)
Central America on the Caribbean slope from British Honduras east to
Tela, Honduras; on the Pacific slope south to northwestern Costa Rica.
— -nr Asturina nitida costaricensis Swann
Asturina nitida costaricensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 90.
(Pozo del Rio Grande, Bornea [ = Boruca], Costa Rica.)
Southwestern Costa Rica south on the Pacific slope to the Canal Zone.
—4-- Asturina nitida nitida (Latham)
Falco nitidus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 41. (Cayenne.)
Tropical South America (including Trinidad) , from Panama east of the
Canal Zone to southern Brazil.
- - 1 Asturina nitida pallida Todd
Asturina nitida pallida Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 170.
(Rio Surutu, Bolivia.)
Tropical eastern Bolivia.
Genus LEUCOPTERNIS Kaup
Leucopternis Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 210. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion, Falco melanops Latham. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855,
p. 3.)
Morphnarchus Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 2. Tj^pe,
by original designation, Leucopternis princeps Sclater.
cj. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 463-474.
— k- Leucopternis albicoUis ghiesbreghti (DuBus)
Buieo ghiesbreghti DuBus, Esq. Orn., Hvr. 1, 1845, pi. 1. ("Hacienda
Mirador, several leagues from Vera Cruz," Mexico.)
Southern Mexico to Guatemala and British Honduras.
—J— Leucopternis albicoUis costaricensis W. L. Sclater
Leucopternis ghiesbreghti costaricensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
39, 1919, p. 76. (Carillo, Costa Rica.)
Honduras to eastern Panama.
— V Leucopternis albicoUis albicoUis (Latham)
Falco albicoUis Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 36. (Cayenne.)
Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas to Amazonian Ecuador, Peru and
eastern Brazil (Maranhao) .
242 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
""'"I Leucopternis albicoUis occidentalis Salvin
Leucopternis occidentalis Salvin, Ibis, 1876, p. 496. (Type believed to be
from Providence of Loja or Puna Island, Ecuador.)
Western Ecuador.
Leucopternis (albicoUis?) polionota Kaup
Asturina (Leucopternis) polionota Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 212. (Sao Paulo,
Brazil. Ex Gray, List Bds. Brit. Mus., 1844, p. 17, nomen nudum).
Southern Brazil and Paraguay.
— ■ I Leucopternis lacernulata (Temminck)
Falco lacernulatus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 74, 1827, pi. 437. (Brazil.)
Southeastern Brazil.
— I Leucopternis melanops (Latham)
Falco melanops Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 37. (Cayenne.)
The Guianas to northern Brazil and eastern Ecuador.
"^1 Leucopternis kuhli Bonaparte
Leucopternis Kuhli Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 19. (No type
locality = Para, Brazil, designated by Brabourne and Chubb, Bds. So.
Am., 1912, p. 69.)
Amazonian Peru and Brazil.
"-4 Leucopternis semiplumbea Lawrence
Leucopternis semiplumbeus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York,
7, 1861, p. 288. (Caribbean slope of the Isthmus of Panama along the
line of the railroad.)
Nicaragua to northwestern Ecuador.
I Leucopternis plumbea Salvin
Leucopternis plumbea Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 240, pi. 8. (Ecuador.)
Eastern Panama to western Ecuador.
■ — I Leucopternis schistacea (Sundevall)
Asturina schistacea Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, 1850 (1851),
p. 132, note. (Brazil.)
Eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru to northeastern Brazil.
■~i — Leucopternis princeps Sclater
Leucopternis princeps Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 429, pi.
24. (Costa Rica.)
Costa Rica, western Panama, Ecuador.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 243
Genus KAUPIFALCO Bonaparte
Kaupifalco Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), 6, 1854, p. 533. Type,
by monotypy, Falco monogrammicus Temminck.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 251-254.
— f— Kaupifalco monogrammicus monogrammicus (Temminck)
Falco monogrammicus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 53, 1824, pi. 314.
(Senegal.)
Africa south of the Sahara, from Senegal and the Egyptian Sudan to
Gaboon, Uganda, Kenya and Kilimanjaro.
— f-- Kaupifalco monogrammicus merid (Hartlaub)
Micronisus monogrammicus var. Merid. Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1860, p. 109. (Ambriz, Angola.)
Africa from Angola to coastlands of eastern Africa south to Natal and
southern Transvaal.
Genus BUTASTUR Hodgson
Butastur Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, 1843, p. 311. Type, by
original designation. Circus teesa Franklin.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1186-1188.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 104-108.
—y Butastur teesa (Franklin)
Circus Teesa Franklin, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1831 (1832),
p. 115. (Further India = Ganges-Nerbudda, apud Stuart Baker.)
Northwestern India to northern and western Burma south to Travancore
and Tenasserim.
• / Butastur indicus (Gmelin)
Falco indicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 264. (Java, ex La-
tham.)
Breeds in Ussuriland, Japan and eastern China. In winter to Burma,
Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula and Indo-Chinese countries, Philippines,
Borneo, Celebes, Moluccas and New Guinea.
Butastur liventer (Temminck)
Falco liventer (sic) Temminck, PI. Col, livr. 74, 1827, p. 438. (Celebes,
Sumatra, Java and India.)
Burma south to Tenasserim; Siam(?), Indo-China, Borneo, Java and
Celebes.
4 Butastur rufipennis (Sundevall)
Poliornis rufipennis Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, 1850 (1851),
p. 131. (Near Khartoum.)
Senegal east to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and south to the Ivory Coast
and the Pangani River.
244 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus HYPOMORPHNUS i Cabanis
Hypomorphnus Cabanis, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Bd. 1, 1844, p. 263. Type,
by original designation, Falco uruhitinga Linne.
cj. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 451-454.
— I Hypomorphnus urubitinga ridgwayi (Gurney)
Uruhitinga ridgwayi Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, 1884, p. 148. (Gua-
temala.)
Mexico (from states of Sonora and Tamaulipas) to Panama.
— ..j Hypomorphnus urubitinga urubitinga (Gmelin)
Falco Uruhitinga Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 265. (Brazil.)
Uruhitinga uruhitinga occidentalis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 97.
(Rio Bogota, western Ecuador.)
Tropical South America from Colombia eastward and south to Peru and
southern Brazil.
„„,| Hypomorphnus urubitinga azarae (Swann)
Urubitinga uruhitinga azarae Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930,
p. 453. (Gomez, Tucumd-n, Argentina.)
Paraguay and northern Argentina south to Tucuman and Santa F^.
Genus BUTEOGALLUS ^ Lesson
Buteogallus Lesson, Traite d' Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 83. Type, by mono-
typy, Buteogallus cathartoides Lesson = Falco cequinoctialis Gmelin.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 449-450. (Buteogallus),
p. 455-462 (Urubitinga, part.).
—I Buteogallus anthracinus anthracinus (Lichtenstein)
Falco anthracinus Lichtenstein, Preis.-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, p. 3.
(Mexico.)
Uruhitinga anthracina hangsi Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 98.
(San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.)
Southern Arizona and Texas (Rio Grande Valley) to Panama (Colom-
bia and Venezuela?).
^ Hypomorphnus must replace Urubitinga. Urubitinga was used in a vernac-
ular sense by the French ornithologists from Cuvier's time onward, but its use
was always in the vernacular and it was never validated as a generic name prior
to 1840. In that year G. R. Gray, in his List Gen. Bds., p. 2, cited Urubitinga
in a generic sense as a synonym of Morphnus Cuvier, rendering it untenable
from that date.
2 In my opinion the short-legged, short-tailed species with more slender bills
formerly associated with H^Jponlorphnus vrubitinga are not very closely related
to it. They are, however, not generically separable from Buteogallus, formerly
considered monotypic.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 245
— 4 Buteogallus anthracinus cancrivorus (Clark)
Uruhitinga anthracina cancrivora Clark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905,
p. 63. (Barrouallie, St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.)
St. Vincent (and possibly St. Lucia and Grenada), Lesser Antilles; Trini-
dad, north coast of Colombia and Venezuela(?)
Buteogallus gundlachii (Cabanis)
Hypomorphnus Gundlachii Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 2, 1854, Extra-H.
(1855), p. Ixxx. (Cuba.)
Cuba and the Isle of Pines.
— I Buteogallus subtilis (Thayer and Bangs)
Uruhitinga subtilis Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 46, 1905,
p. 94. (Gorgona Island, Colombia.)
Pacific slope from El Salvador south to Ecuador (Puna Island).
•^ Buteogallus aequinoctialis (Gmelin)
Falco cequinodialis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 265. (Cayenne.)
Swampy forests of the Atlantic coast of South America from the Orinoco
Delta to the Brazilian State of Parand.
Genus BUSARELLUS Lafresnaye
Busarellus Lafresnaye, in d' Orbigny, Diet. Univ. d'Hist. Nat., 2, 1842,
p. 785. Type, by original designation, "Le Buseray" LevaiUant =
Falco nigricollis Latham,
c/. Swann, Mongr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 246-248.
1-- Busarellus nigricollis nigricollis (Latham)
Falco nigricollis Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 35. (Cayenne.)
Busarellus nigricollis macropus Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 95.
(Tally Pan, Manatee River, British Honduras.)
Mexico (Sinaloa and Vera Cruz) south to Peru, BoUvia and Brazil.^
Busarellus nigricollis australis Swann
Busarellus nigricollis australis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 95.
(Morovi [ = Mocovi, Chaco] Argentina.)
Northern Argentina and Paraguay.
Genus HARPYHALI^TUS Lafresnaye
Harpyhalicetus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 173. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Harpyia coronata Vieillot.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 475-476.
1 Cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool., 32, 1925, p. 267.
246 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Harpyhaliaetus coronatus (Vieillot)
Harpyia coronata Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 14, 1817, p. 237.
(Paraguay, ex Azara.)
Bolivia, Paraguay and southern Brazil south to Chile and Argentina
(Rio Negro).
Genus URUBITORNIS J. Vekreaux
Uruhitornis J. Verreaux, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 145. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Circaetus solitarius Tschudi.
cj. Kothe, Orn. Monatsb., 20, 1912, p. 1-5.
Urubitornis solitaria (Tschudi)
Circaetus solitarius Tschudi, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Bd. 1, 1844, p. 264.
(Peru.)
Central America, south on the Pacific slope of South America to Chile.
Genus MORPHNUS Dumont
Morphnus Dumont, Diet. Sei. Nat., 1, 1816, Suppl., p. 88. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, Falco guianensis Daudin (Chubb, Bds. Brit.
Guiana, 1, 1916, p. 252).
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 479-481.
Morphnus guianensis (Daudin)
Falco guianensis Daudin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 78. (Cayenne.)
Tropical rain forest from Honduras to southern Brazil, Paraguay and
Amazonian Peru (?).
Morphnus taeniatus Gurney
Morphnus taeniatus Gurney, Ibis, 1879, p. 176, pi. 3. (Sarayaeu, Ecua-
dor.)
Known only from eastern Ecuador.
Genus HARPIA Vieillot
Harpia Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 24. Type, by monotypy, "Aigle de-
structeur" = Vultur harpy j a Linne.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 482-484.
Harpia harpyja (Linne)
Vultur Harpyja Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 86. (Mexico, ex
Hernandez.)
Mexico from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec south to Bolivia, southern
Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 247
Genus PITHECOPHAGA Ogilvie-Grant
Pithecophaga Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 6, 1896, p. 16. Type, by
monot3'-py, Pithecophaga jefferyi Ogilvie-Grant.
cf. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 226-227.
Pithecophaga jefferyi Ogilvie-Grant
Pithecophaga jefferyi Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 6, 1896, p. 17.
(Samar, Philippine Islands.)
PhiUppine Islands (Luzon, Mindanao, Samar, Leyte?)
Genus HARPYOPSIS Salvadori
Harpyopsis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875, p. 682. Type, by
monotypy, Harpyopsis novaeguineae Salvadori.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 8, 1930, p. 485.
Harpyopsis novaeguineae Salvadori
Harpyopsis novae guineae Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, 1875,.
p. 682. (Andai, Arfak Peninsula, New Guinea.)
New Guinea.
Genus OROAETUS Ridgway
Oroaetus Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 1. Type, by
original designation, Falco isidori Des Murs.
cf. Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 283-286.
Oroaetus isidori (Des Murs)
Falco Isidori Des Murs, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 175 bis. (Santa Fe de
Bogota.)
Colombia to western Venezuela and south through Ecuador to Bolivia.
Genus SPIZASTXJR G. R. Grat
Spizastur G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds. 1841, p. 3. Type, by original
designation, "S. atricapillus Cuv." = Falco atricapillus Temminck
(not Wilson) = Buteo melanoleucus VieiUot.
cf. Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr .-Americana, 3, 1901, p. 93-94.
Spizastur melanoleucus (Vieillot)
Buteo melanoleucus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 4, 1816, p. 482.
(Guiana.)
Mexico from Oaxaca and Vera Cruz to Surinam and south to Paraguay
and northeastern Argentina.
248 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus SPIZAETUS Vieillot
Spizaetus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 24. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion, Falco ornatus Daudin. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 2.)
Phceoaetus Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, no. 4, 1920, p. 2. Type, by
original designation, Falco limnaetus Horsfield (new name for Limnae-
tus Horsfield 1830, not Limncetus Bowdich, 1825).
Limnaetops Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 7, 1930, p. 408.
Type, by original designation, Limnaetops c. cirrhatus (Gmelin) =
Falco cirrhatus Gmelin.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1131-1133.
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr. -Americana, 3, 1901, p. 91-93.
Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 429-432.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 84-93.
Spizaetus ornatus (Daudin)
Falco ornatus Daudin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 77. (Cayenne.)
Spizaetus apirati Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 154.
(Mouth of the Rio Mondaih, Paraguay.)
Southern Mexico from Oaxaca and Vera Cruz south to Peru, Paraguay,
northern Argentina and southern Brazil.
Spizaetus devillei Dubois
Spizaetus devillei Dubois, Bull. Acad. Roy. de Belgique (2), 38, 1874, p.
129, pis. 1 and 2. (Baeza, Ecuador.)
Known only from eastern Ecuador, probably the same as ornatus.
Spizaetus tyrannus (Wied)
Falco tyrannus Wied, Reise Brasilien, 1, 1820, p. 360. (Quartel dos Arcos,
Rio Belmonte, Bahia, Brazil.)
Southern Mexico from Vera Cruz south to southeastern Brazil.
Spizaetus nipalensis orientalis Temminck and Schlegel
Spizaetos orientalis Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna Jap.,
Aves, 1844, p. 7; 1845, pi. 3. (Japan.)
Northern Japan in the mountains of Hokkaido and Hondo and (accord-
ing to Kuroda in Handlist of Japanese Birds) Shikoku, Korea, and perhaps
the island of Kiusiu.
Spizaetus nipalensis fokiensis W. L. Sclater
Spizaetus nipalensis fokiensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 40, Dec.
8, 1919, p. 37.1 (Fokien Province, China.)
1 This name is a nomen nudum in Swann, Synop. List Accip., pt. 2, Nov. 7,
1919, p. 72.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 249
Southern China in the hills of the provinces of Anwei, Fokien and
Kwangtung; south to Indo-Burmese countries and Tenasserim; island of
Hainan.
Spizaetus nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgson)
Nisaetus Nipalensis Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 5, 1836, p. 229,
pi. 7. (Nepal.)
Breeds at elevations between 2000 and 7000 feet in the Himalayas from
Kashmir to eastern Assam and the Lichiang Range, Yunnan. Wanders in
winter to the plains of India.
Spizaetus nipalensis kelaarti Legge
Spizaetus kelaarti Legge, Ibis, 1878, p. 202. (Ceylon.)
Hills of Mysore and Nilgiri Hills south to the Malabar Coast, Travan-
core and Ceylon.
Spizaetus nipalensis alboniger (Blyth)
Nisaetus alboniger Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 14, 1845, p. 173.
(Malacca.)
Mountains of southern Tenasserim to the Malay Peninsula and south-
western Siam; Sumatra, Borneo.
Spizaetus nipalensis bartelsi Stresemann
Spizaetus nipalensis bartelsi Stresemann, Journ. f . Orn., 72, 1924, p. 431.
(Melatti Mountains, western Java.)
Mountains of western Java.
Spizaetus nipalensis philippensis Gould
Spizaetus Philippensis Gould, Bds. Asia, pt. 15, 1863, in text to pi.
labelled Spizaetus alboniger (Philippines; Luzon, suggested as type
locality by Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 121. [Tj^dc in Norwich
Museum].)
Philippine Islands (Luzon, Lubang, Mindoro, Palawan, Masbate, Basi-
lan, Siquijor, Negros).
Spizaetus nipalensis lanceolatus Temminck and Schlegel
Spizaetos lanceolatus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna Jap.,
Aves, 1844, p. 7, in text. (Celebes.)
Celebes and Sula Besi.
Spizaetus cirrhatus limnaeetus (Horsfield)
Falco Limnceetus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 138.
(Java.)
Northern India from Garhwal to eastern Bengal and Assam, south to the
Malay Peninsula; Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippine Islands (Lubang,
Mindoro, Calamianes, Palawan, Mindanao).
250 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Spizaetus cirrhatus cirrhatus (Gmelin)
Falco cirrhatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 274. (India.)
Indian Peninsula (except Travancore) from Etawah and western Bengal
southward.
Spizaetus cirrhatus ceylanensis (Gmelin)
Falco ceylanensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 275. (Ceylon.)
South Travancore and Ceylon.
Spizaetus cirrhatus andamanensis Tytler
Spizaetus Andamanensis Tytler, Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1865, p. 112.
(Port Blair, South Andaman Island.)
Andaman Islands.
Spizaetus cirrhatus floris (Hartert)
Limnaetus limnaetus floris Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 46. (South
Flores.)
Lesser Sunda Islands (Flores, Wetta and Luang).
Spizaetus gurneyi (G. R. Gray)
Aquila {Heteropus?) gurneyi G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860,
p. 342, pi. 169. (Batchian, given as type locality in original descrip-
tion, but specimen from Waigiu is claimed as the type in Cat. Bds.
Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 274.)
Northern Moluccas (Morotai, Haknahera, Ternate, Batjan), Misol,
western New Guinea, Jobi Island, Aru Islands and Goodenough Island.
Waigiu? Salawatti?
Genus LOPHAETUS Kaup
Lophaetus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 165. Type, by monotypy, Falco occipi-
talis Daudin.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 248-251.
Lophaetus occipitalis (Daudin)
Falco occipitalis Daudin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 40. (Anteniquoi
Country = Knysna Dist., Cape Province, apud Sclater.)
Africa south of the Sahara from Senegal to western Ethiopia south to
Cape Province.
Genus CASSINAETUS W. L. Sclater
Cassinaetus W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 42, 1922, p. 76. Type, by
original designation, Limnaetus africanus Cassin.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 247-248.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 251
Cassinaetus africanus (Cassin)
Limnaetus africanus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 4.
(Ogabi River, Gaboon.)
Spizaetus batesi W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 39, 1919, p. 87.
(Bitye, Ja River, Cameroon.)
Togoland to Cameroon and Gaboon, eastward to the Welle (Uelle)
region.
Genus STEPHANOAETUS W. L. Sclater
Stephanoaetus W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 42, 1922, p. 75. Type,
by original designation, Falco coronatus Linne.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 245-247.
Stephanoaetus coronatus (Linne)
Falco coronatus Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 124. (Coast of
Guinea, ex Edwards, pi. 224.)
Africa from Portuguese Guinea and Uganda south to Angola and Cape
Province.
Genus POLEMAETUS Heine
Polemaetus Heine, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn.,
1890, p. 270. Type, by monotypy, Falco bellicosus Daudin.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 243-245.
Polemaetus bellicosus (Daudin)
Falco bellicosus Daudin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 38. (Great Namaqua-
land between 28° S. lat. and the Tropic.)
Africa south of the Sahara from Gambia and Ethiopia to Cape Province;
absent from Guinea and the Equatorial forest region.
Genus HIERAAETUS Kaup
Hieraaetus Kaup, Classif. Saugeth. u. Vog., 1844, p. 120. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Falco pennata Gmelin.
Anomalaetus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 208. Type, by
original designation, Spizaetus ayresi Gurney.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1109-1114.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 116-126.
Stresemann, Nov. Zool., 31, 1924, p. 214-216.
Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 432-435.
Hieraaetus fasciatus fasciatus (Vieillot)
Aquila fasciata Vieillot, Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, 2, pt. 2, 1822, p. 152.
(Montpellier, France.)
Southern Europe south to northern Africa and east to India and south-
ern China.
252 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
— — Hieraaetus fasciatus spUogaster (Bonaparte)
Spizaetus spilogaster "Dubus" Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1850,
p. 487. (Abyssinia.)
Hieraaetus fasciatus minor Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 185, pi. 10.
(Dambale, near Artu, northern SomalUand.)
Ethiopia and Somaliland south to Bechuanaland; also Angola and
Windhuk.
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin)
Falco pennatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 272. (No type
locality given.)
Breeds in the Iberian Peninsula, southern France, southeastern Europe
and southern Russia east to southern Transbaikalia, south to northern
Africa and India. Winters chiefly in India and northeastern Africa.
,« .. Hieraaetus kienerii kienerii (E. Geoff roy)
Astur Kienerii G. S. [= E. Geoffroy], Mag. ZooL, 1835, cl. 2, pi. 35.
(Himalayas.)
Eastern Himalayas from Nepal to eastern Assam and locally south to the
Malay Peninsula. Also southwestern India and Ceylon.
Hieraaetus kienerii formosus Stresemann
Hieraaetus kieneri formosus Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 108.
(Northern Celebes.)
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Celebes, Lesser Sunda Islands east
to Sumbawa.
Hieraaetus morphnoides weiskei (Reichenow)
Eutolmaetus weiskei Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 8, 1900, p. 185. (Astro-
labe Mountains, 3000 met.. New Guinea.)
Eastern New Guinea.
Hieraaetus morphnoides morphnoides (Gould)
Aquila morphnoides Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 161.
(Yarrundi, Upper Hunter River, New South Wales.)
Aquila morphnoides coongani Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 248.
(Coongan River, northwest Australia.)
Australia.
Hieraaetus ayresii (Gurney) ^ f..^^^^' ^
Spizaetus ayresii Gurney, Ibis, 1862, p. 149, pi. 4. (Natal.)
West Africa from Spanish Guinea, Togo and Cameroon to Portuguese
Congo; East Africa from Ethiopia through Uganda, Kenya Colony and
Tanganyika Territory to Mozambique.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 253
Genus AQUILA Beisson
Aquila Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 28, 419. Type, by tautonjTny, Aquila
Brisson = Falco chrysaetos Linne.
Micraetus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 208. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Aquila wahlbergi Sundevall. Not Micraetus Bertoni,
1901.
Afraetus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 10, 1924, p. 80. Substitute name
for Micraetus Roberts, preoccupied.
Psammoaetus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 10, 1924, p. 79. Type, by
original designation, Aq^lila nipalensis Hodgson.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914-1915, p. 1088-1109.
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^thiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 59-60.
Swann, BuU. Brit. Orn. CI., 45, 1925, p. 64-73.
Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos (Linne)
Falco Chrysaetos Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden ex Fn. Suec.)
Europe from Lapland and northern Russia east to western Siberia, south
to the Pyrenees, southern Russia, Caucasus and Asia Minor.
Aquila chrysaetos fulva (Linn6)
Falco fulvus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. (Europe = Eng-
land, ex Ray.)
Breeds in Scotland and on the inner and outer Hebrides; formerlj'^ in Ire-
land. Very doubtfully distinct from A. c. chrysaetos.
Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri Severtzov
Aquila fulva Hovieyeri Severtzov, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,
15, livr. 5, 1888, p. 184. (Balearic Islands and Algeria.)
Spain, Balearic Islands and mountains of northern Africa (Morocco,
Algeria, Tunisia).
Aquila chrysaetos daphanea Severtzov
Aquila daphanea Severtzov, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 15,
livr. 5, 1888, p. 190. (Russian Turkestan, Mongolia, Himalayas,
Transbaikalia and Ala-shan Mountains.)
Turkestan and eastern Persia to central Asia, south to the Himalayas.
Aquila chrysaetos obscurior Sushkin
Aquila chrysaetos obscurior Sushkin, Bds. of the Russian Altai, etc., 1925,
p. 59. (Ogudai, central Altai and basin of the Tchagan-burgasy, Sai-
lughem Range.)
Russian Altai east to Transbaikalia and northern Mongolia.
£54 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
PAquila chrysaetos kamtschatica Severtzov
Aquila fulva kamtschatica Severtzov, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mos-
cou, 15, livr. 5, 1888, p. 180. (Kamchatka.)
Kamchatka.
Aquila chrysaetos japonica Severtzov
Aquila fulva japonica Severtzov, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,
15, livr. 5, 1888, p. 182. (Japan.)
Japan and Korea, and probably northeastern China.
. Aquila chrysaetos canadensis (Linne)
Falco canadensis Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. (Canada =
Hudson Bay, ez Edwards.)
Northern Alaska to northern Ungava south to Lower California, central
Mexico, South Dakota and in the mountains of the eastern United States
south to North Carolina.
Aquila heliaca heliaca Savigny
Aquila heliaca Savigny, Descr. figypte, Ois., 1809, p. 82, pi. 12.
(Upper Egypt.)
Southern Europe from Hungary to southern Russia, thence eastward to
Lake Baikal; south to Greece, Cyprus, Asia Minor, northern India and
China. South in winter to the Sudan and Somaliland, India and south-
eastern China.
Aquila heliaca adalberti C. L. Brehm
Aquila Adalberti C. L. Brehm, Bericht 13, Vers. Deutsch. Orn. Ges.,
1860 (1861), p. 60-62. (Spain.)
Spain, and perhaps Algeria.
Aquila rapax belisarius (Levaillant jun.)
Falco Belisarius Levaillant jun., Expl. Sclent. Algerie, Ois., 1850, pi. 2.
(No type locality = Guelma, northeast Algeria.)
Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia.
Aquila rapax raptor A. E. Brehm
Aquila raptor A. E. Brehm, Naumannia, 1855, p. 13. (Blue and White
Nile.)
Aquila albipes A. Chapman, Savage Sudan, 1921, p. 110. (White Nile.)
From Kordofan east to Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somaliland and southwestern
Arabia.
Aquila rapax rapax (Temminck)
Falco rapax Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 76, 1828, pi. 455. (South Africa.)
Africa from Kenya Colony and Angola southward.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES ^55
Aquila rapax vindhiana Franklin
Aquila Vindhiana Franklin, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 114.
(Vindhya Hills, central India.)
Aquila murina Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 11, 1900, p. 8. (Darjeeling.)
India to eastern Bengal and Assam; north-central Burma.
Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cabanis
Aquila orientalis Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 2, 1854, p. 369, note. (Near
Sarepta, southeastern Russia.)
Psammoaetus nipalensis bradfieldi Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 12, 1928,
p. 301. (Damaraland.)
Breeds in southern Russia from the Don east across the Kirghiz Steppes
to southwestern Siberia, Amu Darja and Syr Darja. In winter through the
Crimea and Rumania to Mesopotamia and the Egyptian Sudan and Dama-
raland.
Aquila nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgson)
Circaetus nipalensis Hodgson, As. Res., 18, pt. 2, 1833, p. 13, pi. 1.
(Nepal.)
Breeds from the Altai to Mongolia and southeastern Siberia south to
northwestern India and the Himalayas. Winters to India and southern
China.
•Aquila clanga Pallas
Aquila Clanga Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1, 1811, p. 351. (Russia and
Siberia.)
Breeds in European Russia from lat. 60° N. south to the Balkan States;
east through Turkestan, southern Siberia and Transbaikalia to Amurland,
south to northwest India and northern China. Winters south to north-
eastern Africa, India and southern China.
Aquila pomarina pomarina C. L. Brehm
Aquila Pomarina C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., 1831,
p. 27. (Pomerania.)
Breeds in northern Germany, the Baltic Provinces south through Poland
to the Balkan States, east through Russia, thence to the Caucasus.^ Win-
ters from southeastern Rumania and Asia Minor to the Sudan and Kenya
Colony.
^ Aquila pomarina sinensis Wilder and Hubbard, Journ. Roy. As. Soc, No.
China Branch, 55, 1924, p. 206. (Chihli Province, northeastern China) is not
an Aquila; the description "tarsus feathered half-way down ..." automati-
cally throws it out of the genus. I suspect it may prove to be Buteo buteo
burmanicusH
^5Q CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Aquila pomarina hastata (Lesson)
Morphnus hastatus Lesson, in Belanger, Voy. Ind.-Orient., ZooL, 1834,
p. 217. (BengaL)
India and northern Burma.
Aquila verreauxii Lesson
Aquila Verreauxii Lesson, Cent. ZooL, 1830, p. 105, pi. 38. (Interior of
the Cape of Good Hope.)
Africa in the highlands of Ethiopia and Somaliland; mountains of south-
ern Africa.
Aquila wahlbergi Sundevall
Aquila Wahlbergi Sundevall, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, 1850, (1851),
p. 109. ("Caffraria superior!, prope 25° lat." Type from Mohapoani
Berg, Bechuanaland.)
Africa from Eritrea and Uganda on the east and Portuguese Guinea on
the west, south to Bechuanaland and the Transvaal.
Genus UROAETUS Kaup
Uroaetus Kaup, Classif. Saugeth. u. Vog., 1844, p. 121. Type, by orig-
inal designation, /wcosa = Aquila fucosa Temminck? = Vultur audax
Latham.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 94-115.
Uroaetus audax (Latham)
Vultur audax Latham, Ind. Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. ii. (New South
Wales.)
Aquila audax carteri Mathews, Nov. ZooL, 18, 1912, p. 247. (Grace-
field, west Australia.)
Australia and Tasmania.
Genus ICTINAETUS Bltth
Idinaetus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, 1843, p. 128. Type, by
monotypy, Idinaetus ovivorus Blyth = Aquila pernigra Hodgson.
cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds., ed. 2, 5, 1928, p. 82-84; 7, 1930,
p. 407-408.
Ictinaetus malayensis perniger (Hodgson)
Aquila Pernigra Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 5, 1836, p. 227.
(Nepal.)
Himalayas to eastern Assam, south to Ceylon, and occasionally to
Burma and the Malay Peninsula.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 257
Ictinaetus malayensis malayensis (Temminck)
Falco malayensis "Reinw." Temminck, PL Col., livr. 20, 1822, pi. 117.
(All the large islands of the Indian Archipelago, principally Java and
Sumatra; restricted to Java by Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 115.)
Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes and Sula Islands.
Genus HALI.ffiETUS Savigny
Halioeetus Savigny, Descr. figypte, Ois., 1809, p. 68, 85. Type, by
monotypy, Halioeetus nisus Savigny = Falco albicilla Linn^.
cf. Bangs, Auk, 15, 1898, p. 174-176.
Friedmann, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 66-69. (Sub nom.
Cuncuma.)
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1175-1181.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 131-144. {Sub nom. Cuncuma.)
Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 1, 1901, p. 604-607.
Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 64-65. {Sub nom. Cun-
cuma.)
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 108-113.
—•jh- Haliaeetus vocifer damans C. L. Brehm
Haliaetos damans C. L. Brehm, Journ. f. Orn., 1, 1853, p. 199, note.
(No definite locality: Shoa, designated by Friedmann, supra, p. 66.)
Senegal east to the Egyptian Sudan and Ethiopia, south to Gaboon and
the Ubangi River.
— ^ Haliasetus vocifer vocifer (Daudin)
Falco vocifer Daudin, Traits d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 65. (Keurboom River,
Cape Province, ex LeVaillant, pi. 4.)
Africa from Angola? Uganda, and Kenya Colony south to Cape Prov-
ince.
-4— Haliaeetus vociferoides Des Murs
Halicetus vociferoides Des Murs, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 175 bis. (Madagas-
car.)
Madagascar; Mauritius?
— V- HaliaBctus leucogaster (Gmelin)
Falco leucogaster Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 257. (Locality un-
known = New South Wales designated by Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18,
1912, p. 248.)
Halioeetus leucogaster pallidus Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 248.
(Derby, northwest Australia.)
Coasts of India, Ceylon, Burma and the Malay Peninsula and through
the entire Malay Archipelago to Australia, Tasmania and western Poly-
nesia.^
1 Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 254-255 recognizes Cuncuma I.
leucogaster southern Australia and Tasmania; C. I. pallida northern Australia,
258 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
,—4-- Haliseetus leucoryphus (Pallas)
Aquila leucorypha'P aWas, Reise Versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 1, 1771, p.
454. (Lower Ural River.)
Southern Russia through central Asia to Transbaikalia and south to the
Persian Gulf, northern India and northern Burma.
L_Haliaeetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis (Audubon)
Falco Washingtoniensis Audubon, Bds. Am. (fol. ed.), 1827, pi. 11.
(Henderson, Kentucky.)
HalioBtus leucocephalus alascanus C. H. Townsend, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 11, 1897, p. 145. (Unalaska, Aleutian Islands.)
Northwestern Alaska and northern Mackenzie to northern Ungava and
south to British Columbia and the northeastern United States.
- I Haliseetus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linne)
Falco leucocephalus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 124. (Carolina,
ex Catesby.)
Halioeetus floridana H. B. Bailey, Bailey Mus. and Libr. Nat. Hist., Bull,
no. 4, April 1 ( = March 20) 1930, p. [2] (Lower Florida Peninsula).
Approximately the southern half of the United States, south to northern
Lower California and northern Mexico.^
Haliseetus albicilla (Linne)
Falco Albicilla Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Restricted type
locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.)
Breeds in Greenland, Iceland, northern British Isles (formerly) northern
Europe and Asia east to Anadyr and Kamchatka south to the eastern
Mediterranean (formerly to Egypt and the Red Sea), Mesopotamia, Persia
and Japan. Casually or in winter to northern Africa, northwestern India,
southern China and the Aleutian Islands.
Haliseetus pelagicus (Pallas)
Aquila pelagica Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat., 1, 1811, p. 343 and pi.
(Islands between Kamchatka and America.)
IThalassaetus macrurus Menzbier, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 11, 1900, p. 4.
(Yakutsk, eastern Siberia.)
Moluccas and New Guinea and C. I. oceanica, Celebes. The last name was given
by Meyer and Wiglesworth to Temminek's pi. 49 of the PI. Col. Mathews
sets it up without telling how it differs, and also leaves the question of name for
the bird occupying the " extralimital " range of the species entirely up in the
air. I follow Stuart Baker, whose treatment seems to be entirely sound.
1 There is a steady decrease in the size of H. leucocephalus from north to
south throughout its range. Where the Hne between the two subspecies is
drawn is entirely a matter of opinion. Audubon's type of washingtoniensis had
a wing measurement of 32 inches; 4 inches longer than any Alaskan specimen
measured by me if measured the same way.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 259
Breeds in Kamchatka and probably also on Sakhalin Island. Occurs on
the Commander Islands; south in winter to the coasts of Amur and Ussuri
and northern Japan.
Haliaeetus niger Heude
Halioeetus niger Heude, NaturaUste, 1887, p. 95. (" Mer de Tartaric".)
Figured Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Marseilles, 19, 1924, pi. 8.
Genus ICTHYOPHAGA Lesson
Idhyophaga Lesson, ficho du Monde Savant (2), 7, 1843, col. 14. Type,
by monotypy, Idhyophaga javana Lesson = Falco ichthyoitus Hors-
field.
cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 114-118; 7,
1930, p. 414-415.
Icthyophaga ichthyaetus ichthyaetus (Horsfield)
Falco Ichthyaetus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 136.
(Java.)
India, Assam, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Greater Sunda
Islands and eastward to Celebes.
Icthyophaga ichthyaetus plumbeiceps Stuart Baker
Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus plumbeiceps Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI.,
47, 1927, p. 150. (Trincomalee, Ceylon.)
Ceylon.
Icthyophaga nana plumbea (Jerdon)
Polioaetus plumbeus "Hodgson," Jerdon, Ibis, 1871, p. 336. (North-
western Himalayas.^)
Lower Himalayas from Kumaon and Kashmir to eastern Assam and
Upper Burma.
Icthyophaga nana nana (Blyth)
Ichthyaetus nanus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 11, 1842, p. 202.
(Malay Peninsula.)
Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra.
Subfamily AEGYPIINAE
Genus SARCOGYPS Lesson
Sarcogyps Lesson, ficho du Monde Savant (2), 6, 1842, col. 1038. Type,
by monotypy, Vultur ponticerianus Latham = Vultur calvus Scopoli.
cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 8-10.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 50-52.
1 Stuart Baker gives Nepal in vol. 7 of Bds. of Brit. Ind.
260 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
.^. „ Sarcogyps calvus (Scopoli)
V^dtur calvus Scopoli, Del. Faun, et Flor. Insubr., 2, 1786, p. 85. (Pondi-
cherry, ex Sonnerat.)
India and Burma to the Malay Peninsula, Siam and Cochin China.
Genus TORGOS Kaup
Torgos Kaup, Isis, 21, 1828, col. 1144. Type, by monotypy, Vultur auri-
cularis Daudin = Vultur tracheliotus Forster.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 46-49.
Torgos tracheliotus nubicus (H. Smith)
Vultur Nubicus H. Smith, in Griffith, Anim. Kingd., 6 (= Aves, 1),
1829, p. 164. (Nubia.)
Algeria (formerly) ; Egypt to Kordofan, Ethiopia and Somaliland, south
to Kenya Colony.
■ — f — Torgos tracheliotus tracheliotus (J. R. Forster)
Vultur tracheliotus J. R. Forster, in Levaillant, Reise Afr., 3, 1791, p. 363,
pi. 12. (Cape Colony.)
Africa south of the Zambesi.
Genus AEGYPIUS Savigny
Aegypius Savigny, Descr. figypte, Ois., 1, 1809, p. 68, 73. Type, by
monotypy, Vultur niger Daudin = Vultur monachus Linne.
c/. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1208-1210.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 22-24.
— jA- Aegypius monachus (Linne)
Vultur Monachus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 122. (Arabia, ex
Edwards, pi. 290.)
Breeds locally in southern Europe from Portugal to the lower Danube,
the Caucasus and southern Urals to northeastern Tibet and eastern China,
south to northern Morocco, Asia Minor and the Himalayas.
Genus TRIGONOCEPS Lesson
Trigonoceps Lesson, ficho du Monde Savant (2), 6, 1842, col. 1038.
Type, by monotypy, Vultur occipitalis BurcheU.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 53-55.
~~~r"'Trigonoceps occipitalis (Burchell)
Vultur occipitalis Burchell, Travels, 2, 1824, p. 329, note. (Makkwari =
Matlowing River, Bechuanaland.)
Africa from Senegal to the Blue Nile, south to the Orange River and
Natal (absent from the equatorial forest region).
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 261
Genus GYPS Savigny
Gyps Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Ois. 1, 1809, p. 68, 71. Type, by mono-
typy. Gyps vulgaris Savigny = VuUur fulvus Hablizl.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1203-1208.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 10-18.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 25-39.
— 1^^ Gyps fulvus fulvus (Hablizl)
Vultur fulvus Hablizl, Neue Nord. Beytr., 4, 1783, p. 58. (Mountains of
Gilan, Persia.)
Gyps cinnamomeus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 15, 1907, p. 30. (Naryn,
southeast Turkestan.)
Mountains of southern Europe (also in Sardinia and Sicily), shores of the
Black Sea and north in eastern Russia to lat. 59°, east to Turkestan,
South to mountains of northern Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia and Persia.
Gyps fulvus fulvescens Hume
Gyps Fulvescens Hume, Rough Notes, 1, March, 1869, p. 15, 19. (Punjab).
Also Ibis, July, 1869, p. 365.
Afganistan and northern India to the lower Himalayas.
- /- Gyps (fulvus) coprotheres (J. R. Forster)
Vultur Coprotheres J. R. Forster, in Levaillant, Naturg, Afr. Vog., 1798,
p. 35, pi. 10. (South Africa.)
South Africa north to the Transvaal.
— -/-» Gyps himalayensis Hume
Gyps Himalayensis Hume, Rough Notes, 1869, p. 12, 15. (Himalayas
from Kabul to Bhutan.)
Mountains of Turkestan, Tibet, the Pamirs and the Himalayas to west-
ern China and western Assam.
-^-^ Gyps ruppellii ruppellii (A. E. Brehm)
Vultur Ruppellii A. E. Brehm, Naumannia, 2, 1852, p. 44. (Khartum.)
Senegambia and Nigeria to Egypt and the Sudan.
""f-^ Gyps ruppellii erlangeri Salvadori
Gyps erlangeri Salvadori, Bol. Mus. Zool. Torino, 23, 1908, p. 3. (Shoa.)
Highlands of Eritrea, eastern Ethiopia and Somaliland.
Gyps indicus indicus (Scopoli)
VuUur indicus Scopoli, Del. Faun, et Flor. Insubr., 2, 1786, p. 85. (India,
ex Sonnerat.)
Indian Peninsula.
262 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Gyps indicus jonesi Whistler
Gyps indicus jonesi Whistler, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 47, 1927, p. 74. (Mar-
gala Range, Rawal Pindi district.)
Northwestern India in low hill ranges (1500-2500 feet) between the Salt
Range and the Indus.
Gyps indicus nudiceps Stuart Baker
Gyps indicus nudiceps Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 47, 1927, p. 151.
(New name for Gyps tenuirostris Hume, Khatmandoo, Nepal.)
Lower Himalayas through Bengal, Assam and Burma to the Malay
Peninsula and Indo-Chinese countries.
Genus PSEUD O GYPS Sharpe
Pseudogyps Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11, 1873, p. 133.
Type, by subsequent designation, Vultur bengalensis Gmelin. (Sharpe,
Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 11.)
cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. ^thiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 48.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 1, 1924, p. 40-45.
-*4 Pseudogyps bengalensis (Gmelin)
Vultur bengalensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 245. (Bengal.)
Indian Peninsula east to southern Yunnan, south to Siam and Cochin
China, Malay Peninsula to Penang.
Pseudogyps africanus (Salvadori)
Gyps africanus Salvadori, Not. Stor. R. Accad. Torino, 1865, p. 133.
(Sennar.)
Pseudogyps africanus fullehorni Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 22.
(Lake Rukwa, Nyasaland.)
Pseudogyps africanus schillingsi Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903,
p. 22. (Mkomasi, German East Africa.)
Pseudogyps africanus zechi Erlanger, Orn. Monatsb., 11, 1903, p. 22.
(Kratschi, Togoland.)
West Africa, Sudan and Ethiopia to Angola, Nyasaland and Transvaal.
Genus NECROSYRTES Gloger
Necrosyrtes Gloger, Hand-u. Hilfsb. Naturg., 1842 (1841), p. 236. Type,
by monotypy, Cathartes monachus Temminck.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 60-62.
'■^' Necrosyrtes monachus monachus (Temminck)
Cathartes monachus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 38, 1823, pi. 222. (Senegal.)
West Africa from Senegambia to the Gold Coast.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 26S
— ^— Necrosyrtes monachus pileatus (Burchell)
Vultur pileatus Burchell, Travels, 2, 1824, p. 195, note. (Hopetown Dis-
trict, Cape Province.)
Bahr-el-Ghazal, White Nile and Somaliland south to the Orange River
and Natal.
Genus NEOPHRON Savigny
Neophron Savigny, Descr. figypte, Ois., 1, 1809, p. 68, 75 and 76. Type,,
by monotypy, Vultur percnopterus Linne.
c/. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1200-1202.
-■ / ■ Neophron percnopterus percnopterus (Linne)
Vultur Percnopterus (sic) Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 87.
(Egypt.)
Neophron percnopterus rubripersonatus Zarudny and Harms, Orn.
Monatsb., 10, 1902, p. 52. (Persian Baluchistan.^)
Southern Europe north to southern France, Bulcowina and southern
Russia, east to Turkestan, Afganistan and northwestern India; south to
Morocco, Egypt (and thence to South Africa) Arabia, Persia and Sind.
Canary and Cape Verde Islands.
Neophron percnopterus ginginianus (Latham)
Vultur ginginianus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 7. (Gingee, Coroman-
del, ex Sonnerat.)
Indian Peninsula from the eastern limit of p. percnopterus, the lower
Himalayas and Bengal southward; rare in Ceylon.
Gentjs GYPOHIERAX Ruppell
Gypohierax Ruppell, Neue Wirbelth., Vog., 1835, p. 46. Type, by orig-
inal designation, and monotypy, Falco angolensis Gmelin.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 270-273.
— f Gypohierax angolensis (Gmelin)
Falco angolensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 252. (Angola.)
West Africa from Gambia to Angola, east to Niam Niam country; oc-
casional in eastern Africa.
Genus GYPAETUS Storr
Gypaetus Storr, Alpenreise, 1784, p. 69. Type, by monotypy, Gypaetus
grandis Storr = Vultur aureus Habhzl.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1193-1199.
^ This form apparently based only on sight observations has never been
confirmed.
264 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
-^ Gypaetus barbatus aureus (Hablizl)
Vultur aureus Hablizl, Neue Nord. Beytr., 4, 1783, p. 64. (Province of
Gilan, northern Persia.)
Mountains of southeastern Europe (Pyrenees, formerly; Alps, Ap>-
penines), islands in the Mediterranean Sea, east to northern China and
south to southern Arabia and the Himalayas.
Gypaetus barbatus barbatus (Linne)
Vultur barbatus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 87. (Africa =
Santa Cruz, near Oran, ex Edwards, pi. 106.)
Northern Africa (mountains of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia).
•*— I Gypaetus barbatus meridionalis Keyserling and Blasius
' Gypaetos meidionalis (sic) Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbelth. Eur., 1840,
p. xxviii. (South Africa.)
Mountains of Ethiopia and of South Africa.
Subfamily CIRCINAE
Genus CIRCUS LacepJide
Circus Lac^pede, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 4. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion, Falco aeruginosus Linne. (Lesson, Man. d' Orn., 1, 1828, p. 105.)
Pseudocircus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 207. Type, by
original designation, Accipiter macrourus S. G. Gmelin.
Melanocircus Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 207. Type, by
original designation, Falco maurus Temminck.
cj. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1133-1145.
Mathews, Syst. Av. Australas., pt. 1, 1927, p. 236-238.
Sclater, Syst. Av. ^Ethiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 73-74.
Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn., 72, 1924, p. 262-269.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 102-124.
—-/ Circus cyaneus cyaneus (Linne)
Falco cyaneus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 126. (Europe, Africa
= vicinity of London, England, ex Edwards, pi. 225.)
Breeds in Europe north to the Arctic Circle (casually further) and in
Asia south of the tundra east probably to the Lena River; south to the
Pyrenees, Italy, Turkestan and Tibet. Winters in the region about the
Mediterranean, northeastern Africa, northern India, Burma, China,
Japan (?).
— -/ Circus cyaneus taissiae Buturlin
Circus taissiae Buturlin, Journ. f . Orn., 56, 1908, p. 283 and note. (North-
east Siberia.)
Circus cyaneus cernuus Thayer and Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI., 5,
1914, p. 32. (Nischny Kolymsk.)
ORDER FALCONIFORMES ^65
Breeds in northeastern Siberia, limits not known. Winter range not
known, possibly Japan.
I Circus cyaneus hudsonius (Linne)
Falco hudsonius Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 128. (Hudson Bay,
ex Edwards.)
Breeds in North America from northwestern Alaska, Mackenzie, north-
ern Manitoba, central Quebec and Newfoundland, south to northern Lower
California, southern Texas, Ohio and Virginia. Winters from southern
British Columbia, South Dakota, southern Michigan, southern New York
and southern New England, south through Central America (occasionally
to Colombia) and Cuba; casual in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.
' — / Circus macrourus (S. G. Gmelin)
Accipiter macrourus S. G. Gmehn, Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop., 15, 1770
(1771), p. 439, pi. 8, 9. (Voronezh, southern Russia.)
Breeds from the Baltic Sea provinces east to Tarbagatai and the Tian
Shans, south to Rumania, southern Russia and Ferghana. Winters in
Africa from the Sudan to Cape Province; India, Ceylon and Burma.
Circus assimilis quirundus Mathews
Circus assimilis quirundus Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 23. ("Ce-
lebes and the northern Islands.")
Circus assimilis celebensis Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 48.
(Minahasa, Celebes.)
Celebes.
?Circus assimilis rogersi Mathews
Circus assimilis rogersi Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 244. (Fitzroy
River, Northwest Australia.)
Northwest Australia, Northern Territory and northern Queensland.
—•f^ Circus assimilis assimilis Jardine and Selby
Circus assimilis Jardine and Selby, 111. Orn., 1, 1828, sig. H, pi. 51 and
text. (Near Sidney, New South Wales.)
Australia, south of the range of rogersi; Tasmania.
"T — Circus pygargus (Linne)
Falco Pygargus Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Europe =
England, ex Albin.)
Breeds in England and through northern Europe (south of lat. 57°) and
Asia to Turkestan, Altai and northwestern Mongolia; south to Spain,
northwestern Africa, Italy and Rumania. Winters from Palestine to South
Africa, India, Ceylon and Assam.
26Q CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WOELD
„_iL_.Circus melanoleucus (Pennant)
Falco melanoleucus Pennant, Indian ZooL, 1769, p. 2, pi. 2. (Ceylon.)
Breeds from Lake Baikal east to Ussuriland and south to Mongolia,
northern China and the Amur region. Winters in eastern India, Burma,
southern China; Indo-Chinese countries, Borneo and the Philippines.
-~/ Circus maurus (Temminck)
Falco maurus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 78, 1828, pi. 461. (Cape of Good
Hope.)
Natal and Cape Province.
—^-Circus cinereus Vieillot
Circus cinereus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 4, 1816, p. 454. (Para-
guay, ex Azara.)
South America from central Peru and eastern Bolivia (casually to
Ecuador and Colombia) south to the Straits of Magellan.
-— / Circus bufioni (Gmelin)
Falco Buffoni Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 277. (Cayenne.)
Eastern South America from Venezuela and British Guiana to the
Straits of Magellan; Chile; Trinidad.
/ Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus (Linn6)
Falco ceruginosus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 91. (Europe,
restricted type locality, Sweden.)
Breeds from southern Sweden and Denmark east to the Yenessei, south
to the Mediterranean, Turkestan and MongoUa. In winter to South
Africa, India, Malay Peninsula, southern China, Japan and the Philip-
pines.
Circus aeruginosus harterti Zedlitz
Circus aeruginosus harterti Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 62, 1914, p. 133.
(Mhoiwla, Morocco.)
Breeds in southern Spain (Provinces of Cadiz and Sevilla), Morocco and
northern Algeria; probably also in Tunisia and Egypt.
•— /-" Circus ranivorus aequatorialis Stresemann
Circus aeruginosus aequatorialis Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924,
p. 48. (Kiraragua, Kilimanjaro.)
East Africa from Uganda to Nyasaland.
Circus ranivorus ranivorus (Daudin)
Falco ranivorus Daudin, Traits d'Orn., 2, 1800, p. 170. (South Africa, ex
Levaillant = Cape Colony, apud Sclater, 1924, p. 74.)
South Africa, north to the Transvaal.
r
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 267
--~/ Circus spilonotus spilonotus Kaup
Circus spilo7iotus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 953. (Asia.)
Breeds from Turkestan to Transbaikalia, south to Tibet, Mongolia and
northern China. Winters to southern China, Formosa, Indo-Chinese coun-
tries and the PhHippines.
?Circus spilonotus spilothorax Salvadori and d'Albertis
Circus spilothorax Salvadori and d'Albertis, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7,
1875, p. 807. (Yule Island, New Guinea.)
Unique. Perhaps an aberrant, stray spilonotus.
~-Y Circus spilonotus maUlardi J. Verreaux
Circus Maillardi J. Verreaux, in Maillard, He Reunion, 1862, p. 160.
(Reunion Island.)
Reunion Island.
-~J Circus spilonotus macrosceles A. Newton
Circus macrosceles A. Newton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 180.
(Madagascar.)
Comoro Islands and Madagascar.
— J" Circus approximans approximans Peale
Circus approximans Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, 1848, p. 64. (Ma-
thuata, Venua Levu, Fiji Islands.)
Fiji Islands.
Circus approximans wolfi Gurney
Circus wolfi Gurney, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865 (1866), p. 823, pi. 44.
(New Caledonia.)
New Caledonia, (New Hebrides?).
- — -/ Circus approximans gouldi Bonaparte
Circus gouldi Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, p. 34. (Australia. Re-
stricted type locahty. New South Wales, apud Mathews.)
Circus approximans inexpectatus Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 245.
(Parry's Creek, northwest Australia.)
Circus approximans drummondi Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 419.
("New Zealand.")
Southeastern New Guinea, Australia (except western), Tasmania, New
Zealand.
Note. Sclater (Syst. Av. ^Ethiop., 1930, app., p. 840) sets up Circus Humbloti
Milne-Edwards and Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar, Oiseaux, 1, p. 747; 2, All. 1,
pi. 29A, 29B, f . 1, la, lb. 29C, f . 1, la 1885? ( = 1876-1879?) believing it to be a
distinct species generally overlooked. The description is based on a young
"/
268 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
bird; no color characters are given to distinguish it from young macrosceles but
the figures show the tips of the wings reaching to the tip of the tail. The meas-
urements given for the wing and tail of macrosceles and humbloti by Milne-
Edwards and Grandidier are approximately the same, however. It therefore
would appear that in the type of humbloti the tail had been shoved up into the
body of the skin.
Genus GERANOSPIZA Kaup
Geranospiza Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 183. Type, by original designation,
Falco gracilis Temminck.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 3, 1925, p. 154-159.
Geranospiza nigra livens Bangs and Penard
Geranospiza caerulescens livens Bangs and Penard, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 34, 1921, p. 89. (Alamos, southern Sonora.)
Northwestern Mexico (known only from a breeding pair from the type
locality) .
Geranospiza nigra nigra (Du Bus)
Ischnosceles niger Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., 14, pt. 2, 1847, p. 102.
(Mexico.)
Northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) south to Panama.
«-=/ Geranospiza nigra balzarensis W. L. Sclater
Geranospiza niger balzarensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 38, 1918,
p. 45. (Balzar Mountains, Province of Guayas, Ecuador.)
Eastern Panama and tropical South America west of the Andes to south-
western Ecuador and Puna Island.
— /•' Geranospiza caerulescens (Vieillot)
Sparvius caerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 318.
(South America: Cayenne, designated as type locality by Berlepsch
and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 114.)
Eastern Colombia, Venezuela and the Guianas to northern Brazil.
- "I Geranospiza gracilis (Temminck)
Falco gracilis Temminck, PL Col., livr. 16, 1821, pi. 91. (Eastern Brazil.)
Eastern Brazil (south of the Amazon) to the Bolivian Chaco, Paraguay
and northern Argentina.
Genus GYMNOGENYS Lesson
Gymnogenys Lesson, Traits d' Orn., livr. 1, 1830, p. 64. Type, by mono-
typy, Vultur radiatus Scopoli.
cf. Sclater, Syst. Av. ^Ethiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 74-75; pt. 2, 1930 (app.),
p. 840.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 269
—4 Gymnogenys radiatus (Scopoli)
Yuliur radiatus Scopoli, Del. Faun, et Flor. Insubr., 2, 1786, p. 85.
(Madagascar, ex Sonnerat.)
Madagascar.
— J- Gymnogenys typicus pectoralis (Sharpe)
Polyboroides pectoralis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 13, 1903, p. 50.
(Efulen, Cameroon.)
Gymnogenys typicus kempi Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 17. (Bo,
Sierra Leone.)
West Africa from Portuguese Guinea to Cameroon.
■+-- Gymnogenys typicus typicus (A. Smith)
Poloboroides (sic) typicus A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 107.
(Eastern Cape Province.)
Gymnogenys typicus graueri Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 17.
(Kisseyi, Lake Kivu.)
East and South Africa from the Egyptian Sudan to Cape Province.
Subfamily CIRCAETINAE
Genus TERATHOPIUS Lesson
Terathopius Lesson, Traite d' Orn., livr. 1, 1830, p. 46. Type, by mono-
typy, Falco ecaudatus "Shaw" = Falco ecaudatus Daudin.
of. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 264-267.
Friedmann, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 63-66.
f- Terathopius ecaudatus (Daudin)
Falco ecaudatus Daudin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 54. (Anteniquoi
Country = Knysna district. Cape Province, apud Sclater.)
Senegal, the Egyptian Sudan, and Ethiopia south to Cape Province.
Genus CIRCAETUS Vieillot
Circaetus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 23. Type, by monotypy, " Jean-le-
Blanc" Buff on = Falco gallicus Gmelin.
Smithaetus i Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 209. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Circaetus pectoralis A. Smith.
Melaneatus i Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 209. Type, by
original designation Circaetus cinereus VieiUot.
cf. Bannermann, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 256-262.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1188-1190.
Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb., 32, 1924, p. 165-166.
^ Originally proposed as a subgenus.
^70 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
-Circaetus gallicus gallicus (Gmelin)
Falco gallicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 259. (France.)
Breeds from central Europe east to Turkestan and Mongolia, south to
northern Africa, Persia, India and northern China. Migratory in the
northern part of its range. Winters chiefly in northeastern Africa.
Circaetus gallicus beaudouini Verreaux and Des Murs
Circaetus beaudouini Verreaux and Des Murs, Ibis, 1862, p. 212, pi. 7.
(Bissao, Portuguese Guinea.)
Senegal to Kordofan, south to eastern Cameroon.
-Circaetus gallicus pectoralis A. Smith
Circoeetus pectoralis A. Smith, S. Air. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 109.
(South Africa.)
Circaetus rufulus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 13, 1905, p. 179. (Songea,
Tanganyika Territory.)
White Nile and Ethiopia south through eastern Africa to Cape Province;
southwest Africa.
Circaetus cinereus Vieillot
Circaetus cinereus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 23, 1818, p. 445.
(Senegal.)
Plains region of upper Guinea east through the Sudan to Ethiopia, south
to Cape Province.
Circaetus fasciolatus Gurney
Circaetus fasciolatus Gurney, Ibis, 1861, p. 130. (Natal, ex Gray, List
Bds. Brit. Mus., 1848, p. 18, where a nomen nudum.)
Coastal region of Tanganyika Territory to Nyasaland and Natal.
Circaetus cinerascens J. W. Mtiller
Circaetus cinerascens J. W. Mtiller, Naumannia, Heft 4, 1851, p. 27.
(Sennar.)
Portuguese Guinea east to the Egyptian Sudan and Blue Nile, south to
northern Angola and the Zambesi River; absent from the Equatorial
Eorest.
Genus SPILORNIS G. R. Gray
Spilornis G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 3. Type, by original
designation, Falco bacha "Shaw" = Falco bassus J. R. Forster.
Haematornis Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1831 (March,
1832), p. 170. Not Haematornis Swainson, Feb., 1832. (Turdidae.)
€/. Chasen and Kloss, Ibis, 1926, p. 278-279.
McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 227-230.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 271
Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 40, 1919, p. 38-41.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 96-103; 7, 1930,
p. 410-411.
Spilornis cheela cheela (Latham)
Falco Cheela Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 14. (India = Lucknow,^e
W. L. Sclater supra.)
Northern India from Kashmir and Sind to eastern Assam, north of the
Brahmapootra.
Spilornis cheela albidus ^ (Temminck)
Falco albidus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 4, 1820, pi. 19. (Pondicherry.)
India south of the Himalayas (except Travancore).
—y" Spilornis cheela spilogaster (Blyth)
Haematornis spilogaster Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 21, 1852, p. 351.
(Ceylon.)
South Travancore and Ceylon.
— P- Spilornis cheela burmanicus Swann
Spilornis cheela burmanicus Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 81.
(Jobin, Thayetmyo, Burma.)
Assam (south of the Brahmapootra) to the Shan States and Tonkin,
south to northern Tenasserim.
Spilornis cheela davisoni Hume
Spilornis Davisoni Hume, Str. Feath., 1, 1873, p. 307. (Neighborhood
of Port Blair, South Andamans.)
Andaman Islands.
Spilornis cheela bassus (J. R. Forster)
Falco Bassus J. R. Forster, in Levaillant, Naturg. Afr. Vog., 1798,
p. 55, pi. 15. (Mountains of Great Namaqualand, error = Malacca or
Sumatra.)
Falco bacha Daudin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 43. (Mountains of Great
Namaqualand error = Malacca or Sumatra.)
Spilornis cheela malayensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 83. (Raub,
Pahang, Malay Peninsula.) ^
Southern Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.
1 The genus Spilornis is generally regarded as masculine.
^ The renaming of Falco bacha Daudin was uncalled for. Levaillant's plate
and description on which the name is based agree closely with the Spilornis
from the Malay Peninsula. Levaillant's account of the habits of "Le Bacha"
and the region it was supposed to inhabit undoubtedly refer to a Spizaetus or
one of the closely allied genera, but that is no reason for discarding a name
based exclusively on a recognizable plate. If names are thrown out simply be-
cause the type locality is erroneous, many more names among the early authors
would find their way into the discard.
272 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Spilornis cheela floweri Swann
Spilornis cheela floweri Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 81. (Tanka-
man and Chantaboon, Siam.)
Siam.
— I — Spilornis cheela ricketti W. L. Sclater
Spilornis cheela ricketti W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 40, 1919, p. 37.
(Yamakan, 1500 feet, Fokien, China.)
Northeastern Burma to southern Yunnan and southeastern China.
Spilornis cheela perplexus Swann
Spilornis cheela perplexus Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 135.
("Triomate Yayeyama, S. Loo Choo Is." = Yayeyama, Iriomote
Island, Riukiu Islands.)
Southern Riukiu Islands (Ishigaki and Iriomote).
Spilornis cheela hoya Swinhoe
Spilornis hoya Swinhoe, Ibis, 1866, p. 304. (Formosa.)
Island of Formosa.
Spilornis cheela rutherfordi Swinhoe
Spilornis rutherfordi Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 85. (Central Hainan.)
Island of Hainan.
^ / Spilornis cheela salvadorii Berlepsch
Spilornis salvadorii Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 2, 1895, p. 73. (Nias Island.)
Nias Island (off the southwestern coast of Sumatra).
- I Spilornis cheela bido (Horsfield)
Falco Bido Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 137. (Java.)
Java.
Spilornis cheela baweanus Oberholser
Spilornis bassus baweanus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 52, 1917,
p. 185. (Bawean Island, Java Sea.)
Bawean Island (between Java and Borneo.) Doubtfully distinct from
bido.
Spilornis cheela richmondi Swann
Spilornis cheela richmondi Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 135.
(Kendawangan River, southwest Borneo.)
Southwestern Borneo.
— "-f- Spilornis cheela pallidus Walden
Spilornis pallidus Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 363 in text. (Sarawak.)
Lowlands of Borneo from Sarawak to Sandakan.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 273
Spilomis cheela kinabaluensis W. L. Sclater
Spilornis cheela kinabaluensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 40,
1919, p. 37. (Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo.)
Mountains of northern Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu and Mt. Dulit).
— i — Spilomis cheela palawanensis W. L. Sclater
Spilornis cheela palawanensis W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 40, 1919,
p. 38. (Palawan.)
Southwestern Philippines (Islands of Busuanga, Calamianes, Palawan
and Balabac).
Spilornis minimus minimus Hume
Spilornis minimus Hume, Str. Feath., 1, 1873, p. 464. (Camorta, Nico-
bar Islands.)
Northern Nicobar Islands (Camorta, Trinkat, Nancoury and Katschall).
— f- Spilomis minimus klossi Richmond
Spilornis klossi Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 304.
(Pulo Kunyi, Great Nicobar Island.)
Southern Nicobar Islands; (known only from Great Nicobar).
Spilomis elgini elgini (Bljrth)
Haematornis elgini "Tytler" Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 32, 1863,
p. 87. (South Andaman Island.)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
— |- Spilomis elgini abbotti Richmond
Spilornis abbotti Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 26, 1903, p. 492.
(Simalur Island.)
Simalur Island (off northwest coast of Sumatra).
V Spilornis elgini sipora Chasen and Kloss
Spilornis elgini sipora Chasen and Kloss, Ibis, 1926, p. 278, pi. 3. (Sipora
Island.)
Sipora Island (off west coast of Sumatra).
Spilornis rufipectus raja Sharpe
Spilornis raja Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 1, 1893, p. 55. (Kuching,
Sarawak, Borneo.)
Sarawak region, Borneo.
- Spilomis rufipectus rufipectus Gould
Spilornis rufipectus Gould, Proc. Zo5l. Soc. London, 1857, p. 222. (Ma-
cassar.)
Celebes.
274 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
'^ Spiloniis rufipectus sulaensis (Schlegel)
Circaetus sulaensis Schlegel, Vog. Ned. Ind., Valkvog., 1866, p. 38. (Sula
Islands.)
Sula Islands.
— J— Spilornis holospilus holospilus (Vigors)
Buteo holospilus Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830 (1831),
p. 96. (Near Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands.)
Philippine Islands (except those occupied by the next race); Sulu
Archipelago.
^ Spilornis holospilus panayensis Steere
Spilornis Panayensis Steere, Bds. Mamm. Steere Exp., 1890, p. 7.
(Guimaras, Panay, Negros, Philippine Islands.)
West-central group of the Philippines (Tablas, Sibuyan, Panay, Gui-
maras, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor).
i/ Spilornis asturinus A. B. Meyer
Spilornis asturinus A. B. Meyer, Abh. Nat. Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1884,
p. 13. (Locality unknown.)
Known only from the unique type in the Dresden Museum.
Genus DRYOTRIORCHIS Shelley
Dryotriorchis Shelley, Ibis, 1874, p. 90. Type, by monotypy, Astur
spedabilis Schlegel.
cf. Bannerman, Bds. Trop. W. Afr., 1, 1930, p. 254-256.
— y^ Dryotriorchis spectabilis spectabilis (Schlegel)
Astur spectabilis Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., 1, 1863, p. 131, Vog. pi,
6. (St. George Elmina, Gold Coast.)
Liberia to southern Nigeria and northern Cameroon.
.-./.■ Dryotriorchis spectabilis batesi Sharpe
Dryotriorchis batesi Sharpe, Ibis, 1904, p. 601. (Efulen, Cameroon.)
Southern Cameroon south to Gaboon and east to the Aruwhimi River,
Belgian Congo.
Genus EUTRIORCHIS Sharpe
Eutriorchis Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875, p. 73. Type, by orig-
inal designation and monotypy, Eutriorchis astur Sharpe.
cj. Sclater, Syst. Av. iEthiop., pt. 1, 1924, p. 63.
-~-/~-' Eutriorchis astur Sharpe
Eutriorchis astur Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875, p. 73, pL 13.
(Southern Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 275
Subfamily PANDIONINAE
Genus PANDION Savigny
Pandion Savigny, Descr. figypte, Ois., 1, 1809, p. 69, 96. Type, by
monotypy, Pandion fluvialis Savigny = Falco halioetus Linne.
cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1914, p. 1190-1193.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 293-302.
'-'/ Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmelin)
Falco carolinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 263. (No locality
given = Carolina, ex references.)
Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, southern
Ungava and Newfoundland south to Lower California, western Mexico and
Gulf Coast of the United States. Winters from the southern United States
through Mexico, Central America and the West Indies to Peru, northern
Argentina and Paraguay.
~-f~~ Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi Maynard
Pandion Ridgweir (sic) Anonymous [ = C. J. Maynard] Am. Exch. and
Mart, 3, no. 3, Jan. 15, 1887. (Andros Island, Bahamas.)
Resident in the Bahama Islands and the coasts of Yucatan ^ and British
Honduras.
-I Pandion haliaetus haliaetus (Linn6)
Falco Halioetus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 91. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.)
Breeds in Europe and Asia from Scotland (formerly) and Lapland east
to Kamchatka and Japan, south to Spain, northern Africa, islands in the
Mediterranean, Greece, coasts of the Red Sea, southern Arabia, the Him-
alayas and southern China. In winter south to South Africa, India, the
Philippines and the Sunda Islands.
— -I Pandion haliaetus cristatus (Vieillot)
Buteo cristatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 4, 1816, p. 481. (New
South Wales = Tasmania, fide Mathews.)
Pandion haliaetus melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 34.
(Melville Island, Northern Territory.)
Java, Celebes, Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas, New Guinea, Bis-
marck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, Australia, Tasmania.
Pandion haliaetus microhaliaetus Brasil
Pandion haliaetus microhaliaetus Brasil, Rev. Frang. d' Orn., 4, 1916,
p. 201. (New Caledonia.)
New Caledonia.
1 Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 235, 1926, p. 13.
276 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Family FALCONIDAE
Subfamily HERPETOTHERINAE
Genus HERPETOTHERES Vieillot
Herpetotheres Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 18, 1817, p. 317. Type, by-
subsequent designation, Falco cachinnans Linne. (Gray, List Gen.
Bds., 1840, p. 3.)
cj. Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, 1919, p. 23-24.
Herpetotheres cachinnans chapmani Bangs and Penard
Herpetotheres cachinnans chapmani Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, 1918, p. 37. (Quintana Roo; type from Santa Lucia, Rio
Hondo.)
Southern Mexico from Nayarit and Vera Cruz south to the Canal Zone.
Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans (Linne)
Falco cachinnans Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 90. (South
America, ex Rolander. Type locality restricted to Surinam by Ber-
lepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 290.)
Herpetotheres cachinnans fulvescens Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 34, 1915, p. 638. (Alto Bonito, 1500 feet, west slope of western
Andes, Antioquia, Colombia.)
Eastern Panama from the Canal Zone; northern South America south to
southwestern Ecuador and northern BrazU north of the Amazon.
-Herpetotheres cachinnans maestus Bangs and Noble
Herpetotheres cachinnans maestus Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, 1918,
p. 444. (Bellavista, Peru.)
Northwestern Peru.
Herpetotheres cachinnans queribundus Bangs and Penard
Herpetotheres cachinnans queribundus Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 63, 1919, p. 23. (Pemambuco, Brazil.)
Eastern Ecuador; Brazil south of the Amazon through tropical Bolivia
south to the Argentine Chaco, Paraguay and southern Brazil.
Genus MICRASTUR G. R. Geat
Micrastur G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1841, p. 6. Type, by original
designation, Falco brachypterus Temminck = Sparvius semitorquatus
Vieillot.
Thrasyaccipiter M. and W. Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1,
1901, p. 164. Type, by monotypy, Thrasyaccipiter seminocturnus M.
and W. Bertoni = Sparvius ruficollis Vieillot.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 277
Clamosocircus Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 3, 1925, p. 145. Type, by
original designation, Sparvius gilvicollis VieiUot.
cf. Sclater, Ibis, 1918, p. 343-347.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 3, 1925, p. 140-153. (Clamosocircus
and Micrastur.)
' Micrastur semitorquatus ^ naso ^ (Lesson)
Carnifex naso Lesson, ficho du Monde Savant, (6), 2, 1842, col. 1085.
(Realejo, Nicaragua.)
Mexico from Sinaloa and Tamaulipas to northern Colombia and Vene-
zuela.
Micrastur semitorquatus semitorquatus (VieiUot)
Sparvius semi-tor quatusYieiHot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 322.
(Paraguay, ex Azara.)
Eastern Brazil to Paraguay and northern Argentina.
PMicrastur semitorquatus buckleyi Swann
Micrastur melanoleucus buckleyi Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1919, p. 15,
subst.' (Sarayacu, Ecuador.)
Amazonian Ecuador (perhaps not different from semitorquatus) .
Micrastur mirandollei (Schlegel)
Astur mirandollei Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, 1862, Astures, p. 27.
(Surinam.)
Southeastern Costa Rica to the Guianas, eastern Peru and northern
Brazil.
Micrastur ruficollis ruficoUis (Vieillot)
Sparvius ruficollis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 322.
(South America = Brazil, subst. by Swann, supra, p. 145.)
Thrasyaccipiter seminocturnus M. and W. Bertoni, An. Cien. Para-
guayos (1), no. 1, 1901, p. 164. (Forests of the Alto Parana.)
?Accipiter virgatus M. and W. Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), no. 1,
1901, p. 163. (Djaguarasapa, lat. 27° 30' S., Alto Parana, Paraguay)
not Falco virgatus Temminck, 1822 = Accipiter virgatus virgatus
(Temminck.)
Brazil from Matto Grosso and southern Piauhy south to Parand, Para-
guay and northern Argentina.
1 Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133. 1926, p. 99.
2 Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, 1930, p. 186.
3 Part 2 contained a sheet of addenda and corrigenda, ordering the can-
cellation of p. 15 and 16 of pt. 1 and included new pages to replace them;
M. m. buckleyi was described on the substituted 15th page.
278 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Micrastur ruficoUis zonothorax (Cabanis)
Climacocercus zonothorax Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 13, 1865, p. 406.
(Puerto Cabello, Venezuela.)
Santa Marta Mountains of Colombia, and mountains of northern Vene-
zuela.
Micrastur ruficollis gilvicollis (Vieillot)
Sparvius gilvicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 10, 1817, p. 323.
(No locality = Cayenne, substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17,
1910, p. 410.)
The Guianas and the Amazon Valley from the eastern Andes to Para.
Micrastur ruficollis guerilla Cassin
Micrastur guerilla Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 4, 1848, p. 87.
(Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.)
Southern Mexico to Guatemala.
- Micrastur ruficollis interstes Bangs
Micrastur interstes Bangs, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 289. (La Estrella de Car-
tago, Costa Rica.)
Costa Rica south to western Colombia and western Ecuador.
Micrastur plumbeus W. L. Sclater
Micrastur plumbeus W. L. Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 38, 1918, p. 44.
(Carondelet, Rio Bogota, Province of Esmereldas, Ecuador.) Fig.
Ibis, 1918, pi. 8.
Northwestern Ecuador. Doubtfully distinct from interstes.
Subfamily POLYBORINAE
Genus DAPTRIUS Vieillot
Daptrius Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 22, 68. Type, by monotypy, Dap-
trius ater Vieillot.
of. Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, 1931, p. 23-25.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 75-79. (Ibycter, part.)
Daptrius ater Vieillot
Daptrius ater Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 68. (Brazil.)
Tropical South America from eastern Ecuador and the lower Orinoco to
Amazonian Brazil and Maranhao.
Daptrius americanus guatemalensis (Swann)
Ibycter americanus guatemalensis Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1921, p. 14.
(Guatemala.)
Tropical Central America from Guatemala to the Canal Zone.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 279
Daptrius americanus americanus (Boddaert)
Falco americanus Boddaert, Table PI. enlum., 1783, p. 25. {Ex Dauben-
ton, pi. 417, no type locality = Cayenne, ex Buff on.)
Tropical South America from eastern Panama south to central Peru and
through Venezuela and the Guianas to southern Brazil.
Genus MILVAGO Spix
Milvago Spix, Av. Bras., 1, 1824, p. 12. Type, by monotypy, Milvago
ochrocephalus Spix = Polyborus chimachima Vieillot.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 88-93.
Milvago chimachima cordatus Bangs and Penard
Milvago chimachima cordata Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
62, 1918, p. 35. (San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.)
Panama and Colombia eastward to British Guiana.
Milvago chimachima paludivagus Penard
Milvago chimachima paludivaga Penard, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CI., 8,
1923, p. 36. (Paramaribo, Surinam.)
Surinam and probably Cayenne.
Milvago chimachima chimachima (Vieillot)
Polyborus chimachima Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 259.
(Paraguay, ex Azara.)
Northeastern Peru and eastern Brazil from the Amazon south to Para-
guay, the Argentine Chaco and Uruguay.
Milvago chimango chimango (Vieillot)
Polyborus chimango Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 5, 1816, p. 260.
(Rare in Paraguay, common on the Rio de la Plata, ex Azara.)
Southern South America from northern Chile, Paraguay and south-
eastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) south on the west to central Chile and on
the east to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.
Milvago chimango temucoensis W. L. Sclater
Milvago chimango temucoensis W. L. Sclater, Bidl. Brit. Orn. CL, 38,
1918, p. 43. (Palal, near Temuco, Chile.)
Southern Chile (Cautin Province and southward).
Genus PHALCOBCENUS D'Orbignt
Phalcoboenus d'Orbigny, Voy. Am. M^rid., livr. 2, 1834, Ois., pi. 2. Type,
by monotypy, Phalcoboenus montanus d'Orbigny = Aquila mega-
loptera Meyen.
cf. Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 44, 1931, p. 23-26.
Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 80-87. (Ibycter, part.)
280 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Phalcoboenus australis (Gmelin)
Falco australis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 259. (Staten
Island.)
Islands off Tierra del Fuego, Staten Island, the Falkland Islands.
Phalcoboenus albogularis Gould
Polyborus {Phalcoboenus) albogularis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1837, p. 9. (Santa Cruz, Argentina.)
Ibycter circumcindus Scott, Auk, 27, 1910, p. 152. (Chubut, territory of
Chubut, Argentina.)
Western and southern Argentina from the Sierra de Mendoza and north-
western Rio Negro to Santa Cruz.
Phalcoboenus megalopterus carunculatus Des Murs
Phalcobcenus carunculatus Des Murs, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1853, p. 154.
(Colombia.)
Paramo Zone of Colombia and Ecuador.
- Phalcoboenus megalopterus megalopterus (Meyen)
Aquila megaloptera Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol, 16,
Suppl. 1, 1834, p. 64, pi. 7. (Highest regions of the Cordillera of
ChUe.)
Puna Zone of northern Peru south to Chile, including the Puna of Salta
and Jujuy and the Sierra de Tucumdn, northwestern Argentina.
Genus POLYBORUS Vieillot
Polyborus Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 22. Type, by monotypy, "Cara-
cara" Buff on = Falco plancus J. F. Miller.
cf. Swann, Monogr. Bds. Prey, pt. 2, 1925, p. 67-74.
Polyborus plancus plancus (J. F. Miller)
Falco Plancus J. F. Miller, Icon. Anim., 1777, pi. 17. (Tierra del Fuego.)
Southern South America from Chile, northern Argentina, Paraguay and
Uruguay to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Islands.
Polyborus plancus brasiliensis (Gmelin)
Fake brasiliensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 262. (Brazil.)
South America from the Amazon south to northern Paraguay and
southern Brazil.
Polyborus cheriway cheriway (Jacquin)
Falco cheriway Jacquin, Beytr., 1784, p. 17, pi. 4. (Aruba and coast of
Venezuela.)
Eastern Panama? (Pearl Islands) and northwestern South America to
Peru on the west and eastward to the Guianas.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 281
Polyborus cheriway audubonii Cassin
Polyborus Audubonii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 2.
(Florida.)
North America from northern Lower California, Arizona, Texas and
Florida, south through Mexico and Central America to western Panama;
Cuba and the Isle of Pines.
Polyborus cheriway pallidas Nelson
Polyborus cheriway pallidus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898,
p. 8. (Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands.)
Tres Marias Islands off the west coast of Mexico.
-~— fPolyborus lutosus Ridgway
Polyborus Lutosus Ridgway, BuU. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 1,
1876, p. 459. (Guadalupe Island.)
Guadalupe Island off the west coast of Lower California. Now extinct.
Subfamily POLIHIERACINAE
Genus SPIZIAPTERYX Kaup
Spiziapteryx Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 (1852), p. 43. Type,
by monotypy, Harpagus circumcinctus Kaup.
cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 133, 1926, p. 100-101.
-— Spiziapteryx circumcinctus (Kaup)
Harpagus circumcirictus Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 (1852),
p. 43. ("Chili," error = Argentina.)
Argentina in Provinces of Salta, Catamarca, Tucum^n, Santiago del
Estero, Santa Fe (?), La Rioja, Mendoza, Cordoba and northern Pampa.
Genus GAMPSONYX Vigors
Gampsonyx Vigors, Zool. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 69. Tj^e, by monotypy,
Gampsonyx swainsonii Vigors.
cf. Miller and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 25, 1921, p. 13.
Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 163-164.
«~|- Gampsonyx swainsonii leons Chubb
Gampsonyx swainsonii leonce Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 39, 1918, p. 22.
(Leon, western Nicaragua.)
Gampsonyx swainsoni meridensis Swann, Syn. Accip., 1920, p. 104.
(Nevada, Merida, Venezuela.)
Western Nicaragua; Santa Marta region of Colombia east through Vene-
zuela to British Guiana (southern limits not known); Margarita Island.
282 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Gampsonyx swainsonii swainsonii Vigors
Gampsonyx Swainsonii Vigors, Zool. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 69. (Brazil =
"tableland 10 leagues in the interior of Bahia W. S. W. from the Bay
of St. Salvador.")
Eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru to Bahia, south to BoUvia, northern
Argentina (Salta and Tucumdn) and Paraguay.
Gampsonyx swainsonii magnus Chubb
Gampsonyx swainsonii magnus Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 39, 1918,
p. 22. (Amotape, Peru.)
Western Ecuador and western Peru.^
Genus POLIHIERAX Kaup
Polihierax Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 47. Type, by monotypy, Falco semi-
torquatus A. Smith.
cf. Friedmann, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, 1930, p. 99-102.
Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 62, 1914, p. 675-678.
Polihierax semitorquatus castanonotus (Heuglin)
Hypotriorchis castanonotus Heuglin, Ibis, 1860, p. 407. (Mere Belenia =
near Gondokoro, Upper White Nile.)
Polihierax semitorquatus homopterus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.
27, 1904, p. 738. (Goulf, i. e., Laga, western Somaliland.)
Poliohierax semitorquatus deckeni Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 62, 1914, p. 675-
(Southern Somaliland.)
Southern Ethiopia and Somaliland south to Kenya Colony.
Polihierax semitorquatus semitorquatus (A. Smith)
Falco simitorquata (sic) A. Smith, Rep. Exp. Expl. Cent. Air., 1836,
p. 44. (Near Old Latakoo, i. e., Kuruman, Bechuanaland.)
Eastern Africa from Tanganyika Territory south to Bechuanaland and
Basutoland.
Genus MICROHIERA.X Shakpe
Microhierax Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 350 (in key), p. 366.
Type, by original designation, Falco fringillarius Drapiez.
cf. McGregor, Man. Phil. Bds., pt. 1, 1909, p. 238-239.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 51-55.
^ The genus Gampsonyx is in need of revision with the aid of ample material
to determine the limits of the various races and what ones should be recog-
nized. The above arrangement is entirely provisional.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 283
Microhierax fringillarius (Drapiez)
Falco fringillarius Drapiez, Diet. Class, d' Hist. Nat., 6, 1824, p. 412, pi.
59. (Indes [= Sumatra]. Malacca suggested as type locality by
Swann, 1920.)
Southern Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Java and Suma-
tra; Borneo (except northeast portion).
• Microhierax cserulescens caerulescens (Linne) '
Falco ccerulescens Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. (Asia = Ben-
gal, ex Edwards, pi. 108.)
Northern India from the western Himalayas to Assam, south to the
United Provinces and Cachar.
Microhierax caerulescens burmanicus Swann
Microhierax caerulescens burmanicus Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920,
p. 116. (Thayetmyo, Burma.)
Burma and the Shan States (south to northern Tenasserim); Siam;
Annam.
Microhierax melanoleucos (Blyth)
lerax melanoleucos Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, 1843, p. 179.
(Assam.)
Assam; southeastern China; Tonkin.
Microhierax latifrons Sharpe
Microhierax latifrons Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 237, pi. 7. (Ldwas River and
Lumbidan, Borneo.)
Northwestern Borneo.
Microhierax erythrogonys erythrogonys (Vigors)
Hierax erythrogonys Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 96.
(Island of Luzon.)
Philippines (Islands of Luzon, Mindoro, Negros and Bohol.)
Microhierax erythrogonys meridionalis Ogilvie-Grant
Microhierax meridionalis Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1897, p. 220. (Zam-
boanga, Mindanao cf and Samar 9 •)
Philippines (Islands of Samar, Cebu, Mindanao).
Genus NEOHIERAX Swann
Neohierax Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 184. Type, by original
designation, Polihierax insignis Walden.
cf. Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Bds., 5, 1928, p. 55-57.
284 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Neohierax insignis insignis (Walden)
Polihierax insignis Walden, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871 (1872), p. 627.
(Tongoo, Upper Burma.)
Burma.
Neohierax insignis cinereiceps (Stuart Baker)
Polihierax insignis cinereiceps Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 47,
1927, p. 101. (Myawadi, Tenasserim.)
Myawadi and adjoining district of Tenasserim east to Laos, south to
French Indo-China and Siam.
Subfamily FALCONINAE
Genus FALCO Linne
Falco Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. Type, by subsequent
designation, Falco subbuteo Linne. (A. O. U. Committee, 1886.)
cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, 1915, p. 372-382.
Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 311-335.
Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 51, 1903, p. 289-301.
Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1042-1087.
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 22, 1915, p. 168-185.
Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 221-258.
Menzbier, Faune de la Russie, Aves, 6, livr. 1, 1916, p. 52-344.
Oliver, New Zealand Bds., 1930, p. 386-388.
Peters, Bull. Essex Co. Orn. CI., 1926 (1927), p. 20-24. (Author's
repr., p. 1-7.)
Rothschild, Nov. Zool., 33, 1926, p. 231-233.
Stegmann, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS, 1929, p. 585-598.
Stegmann, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. URSS, 1928 (1929), p. 143-158.
Stegmann, Journ. f. Orn., 1929, Hartert Festschr., p. 143-154.
Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 47, 1927, p. 102-107.
Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., Bds., ed. 2, 5, 1928, p. 31-67.
Subgenus HIEROFALCO Cuvier
Hierofalco Cuvier, Regne Anim., 1, 1817, (1816), p. 312. Type, by mon-
otypy, Falco candicans Gmelin.
Falco biarmicus erlangeri Kleinschmidt
Falco Hierofalco erlangeri Kleinschmidt, Aquila, 8, 1901, p. 33. (Tunis
and Tanger, northern Morocco. Type from Jebel Sidi Ali ben Aoun.)
Falco Hierofalco tschusii Kleinschmidt, Falco, 3, 1907, p. 103. (Tanger,
northern Morocco.)
Southern Spain and northwestern Africa to Tunis, chiefly south of the
Atlas Mountains to the southern escarpment of the Tademait Plateau.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 285
Falco biarmicus feldeggii Schlegel
Falco feldeggii Schlegel, Abh. Geb. Zool., Heft 3, 1843, p. 3, pi. 10, 11.
(Dalmatia.)
Southern Italy and the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula south to
Sicily and Greece.
Falco biarmicus tanypterus Schlegel
Falco tanypterus Schlegel, Krit. tJbers., 2, 1844, p. 11. (Nubia and
Abyssinia.)
Nubia, Egypt (south to Khartum), Palestine and Arabia.
Falco biarmicus abyssinicus Neumann
Fako biarmicus abyssinicus Neumarm, Joum. f. Orn., 52, 1904, p. 369.
(Shoa.)
Northern Africa from Nigeria, across the Egyptian Sudan to Eritrea,
Ethiopia and Aden, south to the East African lake region.
Falco biarmicus biarmicus Temminck
Falco biarmicus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 55, 1825, pi. 324. (Caffraria
and Cape of Good Hope.)
Africa from Angola and Kenya Colony southward.
Falco cherrug cherrug J. E. Gray
Falco cherrug J. E. Gray, in Hardwicke's 111. Ind. Zool., 2, 1834, pi. 25.
(India.)
Breeds in Hungary, middle and southern Russia and the Caucasus. In
winter to Egypt and northwestern India.
Falco cherrug saceroides (Bianchi)
Gennaia saceroides " Menzb. " Bianchi, Aves Exped. Kozlowi per Mongol
et Tibetium Or., 1907, p. 204. (Fu-ma-fu, southern Alashan.)
Breeds in the mountains of Turkestan, Semiretschie, Dzungaria and
southeastern Altai. Winter quarters not definitely known.
Falco cherrug progressus Stegmann
Falco cherrug progressus Stegmann, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Russ.,
1925, p. 64. (Between Urga and Kalgan, northern Mongolia.)
Breeds in southeastern Transbaikalia and northern Mongolia. Has been
taken in winter in the Alashan and eastern Nan-shan Mountains.
Falco cherrug milvipes Jerdon
Falco milvipes Jerdon, Ibis, 1871, p. 240. (Umballa, India.)
Breeds from the Pamirs and the Altai Mountains across to southeastern
MongoUa and south to the Nanshan and Alashan Mountains. Winter
birds from India and southern China are usually referred here.
286 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Falco mexicanus Schlegel
Falco mexicanus Schlegel, Abh. Geb. Zool., Heft 3, 1843, p. 15. (Mexico
= Monterey, apud Swann, Syn. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, p. 207.)
Southern British Columbia and southeastern Saskatchewan south to
Lower California and southern Mexico.
Falco jugger J. E. Gray
Falco Jugger J. E. Gray, in Hardwicke's 111. Ind. Zool., 2, 1834, pi. 26.
(India.)
Afghanistan, Baluchistan and all of India south of the Himalayas, east
to Assam.
Falco altaicus (Menzbier)
Hierofalco altaicus Menzbier, Orn. Turkestan, livr. 3, 1892, p. 272.
(Altai and Minussinsk.)
Hierofalco lorenzi Menzbier, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 11, 1900, p. 3. (Autumn
and winter in Provinces of Jenisseish and Tomsk.)
Breeds in the Sajan Mountains, the Altai, Tarbagatai, Russian and
Chinese Turkestan.^
Falco rusticolus candicans Gmelin
Falco candicans Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 275. (No locality
given = Greenland, substituted as type locality by Hartert, 1913,
p. 1064.)
Breeds on the coasts of Greenland and probably high Arctic America;
perhaps also Franz Josef Land and Spitzbergen. Wanders irregularly south
to the northern United States and northern Europe.
Falco rusticolus islandus Briinnich
Falco Islandus Briinnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, p. 2. (Iceland.)
Iceland.
Falco rusticolus rusticolus Linne
Falco rusticolus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 88. (Sweden.)
Breeds in northern Scandinavia, Lapland and northern Russia. Wan-
ders irregularly south to the British Isles and central Europe.
Falco rusticolus uralensis (Severzov and Menzbier)
Hierofalco uralensis Severzov and Menzbier, Orn. Geogr. Europ. Russl.,
1882, p. 288, pi. 3. (Ural Mountains.)
Falco rusticolus alascanus Swann, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 42, 1922, p. 67.
(Norton Bay [ = Sound] Alaska.)
Northern Siberia from western Siberia to Kamchatka, islands in Bering
Sea and Bering coast of Alaska.
1 Cf. Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 45, 1924, p. 18.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 287
Falco rusticolus obsoletus Gmelin
Falco obsoletus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 268. (Hudson
Strait, ex Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 208.)
Arctic North America from northern Alaska to Labrador. Wanders
irregularly in winter south to British Columbia and northern United States.
Subgenus NOTOFALCO Mathews
Netofalco Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 56. Type, by original
designation, Falco subniger G. R. Gray.
Falco subniger G. R. Gray
Falco subniger G. R. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 11, 1843, p. 371.
(Australia? = Victoria, ^de Mathews, List Bds. Austr., 1913, p. 112.)
Notofalco subniger minnie Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1915, p. 127.
(Minnie Downs, Queensland.)
Australia.
Subgenus NESIERAX Oberholser
Nesierax Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 203. New
name for Harpe Bonaparte (not Harpe Lacepede) and for Harpa
Sharpe (not Harpa Lamarck). Type, by original designation, Falco
novce-seelandice Gmelin.
Falco novaeseelandise Gmelin
Falco novce-Seelandice Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 268. (Queen
Charlotte Sound, South Island, New Zealand, ex Latham.)
Nesierax pottsi Mathews and Iredale, Ibis, 1913, p. 420. (Paroah Bay,
North Island, New Zealand.) ^
New Zealand (North and South Islands, Stewart Island).
Subgenus RHYNCHODON Nitzsch
Rhynchodon Nitzsch, Obs. Avium Art. Carot. Comm., 1829, p. 20. Type,
by subsequent designation, Falco peregrinus Tunstall (A. 0. U. Com-
mittee, 1886.
Eufalco Aclocque, Faune de France, 1, 1900, p. 113. Type, by subse-
quent designation, Falco communis Gmelin = Falco peregrinus Tun-
staU. (Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 53, 1917, p. 589.)
Archifalco Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, no. 11, 1927, p. 112. Type,
by original designation, Natiirliche Gruppe 1 of Hartert's Vog. pal.
Fauna, p. 1042 = Falco peregrinus Tunstall.
^ No case has yet been proven for the occurrence of two species of this sub-
genus side by side. The name given by Mathews and Iredale was given as a
new name to replace the three applied to the so-called smaller "species", all of
them preoccupied.
288 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Falco peregrinus peregrinus Tunstall
Falco Peregrinus Tunstall, Orn. Brit., 1771, p. 1. {Ex Pennant, Brit.
Zool., 1, p. 136 = Northamptonshire, England.)
Falco barbarus subsp. germanicus Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 51, 1903,
p. 294. (Heldra, near Treiffurt, Germany.)
Falco "peregrinus brittanicus Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 51, 1903, p. 296.
(Great Britain; based on seven specimens from Scotland, England and
the Isle of Man.)
Falco peregrinus rhenanus Kleinschmidt, Berajah, 1912, "Falco pere-
grinus," pi. 9.
Falco peregrinus scandinaviae Kleinschmidt, Berajah, 1918 (Dec. 1915),
pi. 33; p. 46 (1916). (Upland, Sweden.)
Breeds in Europe from northern Sweden and northern Russia east to the
Urals, south to the Pyrenees, the Alps, Italy, northern parts of the Balkan
Peninsula and Rumania. Wanders occasionally in winter to the Mediter-
ranean.
PFalco peregrinus riphaeus Buturlin
Falco peregrinus riphaeus Buturlin, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, 13,
1907, p. 99. (Southern Urals.)
Southern Ural Mountains.^ (Status not understood.)
Falco peregrinus calidus Latham
Falco calidus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, 1790, p. 41. (India.)
Falco peregrinus ussuriensis Buturlin, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, 13,
1907, p. 100. (Ussuriland and Japan.)
Falco peregrinus harterti Buturlin, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, 13,
1907, p. 100. (Lower Lena to Anadyr, common on the Kolyma.)
Falco Blancheti Lavauden, Rev. Fran?, d' Orn., 7, 1922, p. 212 and pi.
(Oued Hamdoun, near Sousse, and Sfax, Tunis.)
Breeds in northern Asia from western Siberia east to Anadyr and Kam-
chatka. In winter migrating to Japan, southeastern India, Sunda Islands,
the Moluccas, New Guinea and occasionally to northern Africa.^
1 Menzbier, supra, p. 59, cites this name in an array of "Faunistic Literature
relating to Russia" but does not dispose of it definitely in synonymy. Menz-
bier's method of handling subspecies is one all his own. He divides Falco p.
peregrinus into a number of "forms" including F. p. p. f. griseiventer, f. comi-
cum, f. abietinus, and f. brevirostris.
^ Hartert (supra) and Menzbier (supra) are entirely at variance in their
views on the forms of Peregrine Falcon in Asia. I have followed the former's
treatment, but the occurrence in China of certain anomalous specimens leads
to the belief his views are not entirely correct.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 289
■ Falco peregrinus brookei Sharpe
Falco Brookei Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 11, 1873, p. 21.
(Sardinia.)
Falco caucasicus Kleinschmidt, Falco, 3, 1907, p. 62. (Northeastern
Caucasus.)
Breeds in Spain and the northern peninsula of Morocco, Corsica, Sar-
dinia, southern Italy and eastward through the larger east Mediterranean
Islands, Greece and Asia Minor to the Caucasus.
' ——Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides Temminck
Falco 'pelegrinoides Temminck, PL Col., livr. 81, 1829, pi. 479. (Nubia =
Dongola.)
Breeds in the eastern Canary Islands, middle and southern Morocco,
Tunis, Egypt and Nubia, eastern limits unknown.
Falco peregrinus babylonicus P. L. Sclater
Falco babylonicus P. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 218, pi. 7. (Oudh, in India,
Babylonia and Abyssinia. Type from Oudh.)
Breeds in western and central Asia from Mesopotamia to the Gobi
Desert, south to Persia and Baluchistan. Winters in northwestern India.
Falco peregrinus arabicus Erlanger
Falco barbarus arabicus Erlanger, Journ. f. Orn., 51, 1903, p. 293. (La-
hadsch, near Aden.)
Southwestern Arabia, Eritrea and northern Somaliland.
— ^— Falco peregrinus peregrinator Sundevall
Falco peregrinator Sundevall, Physiogr. Sallskapets Tidskr., 1, pt. 2, 1837,
p. 177, pi. 4. (At sea in lat. 6° 20' N. between Ceylon and Sumatra, 70
Swedish mUes off the Nicobars.)
Resident throughout India and Burma from the Himalayan foothills to
Ceylon and southern Burma east to the lower Yangtze Valley in eastern
China.
Falco peregrinus fruitii Momiyama
Falco peregrinus fruitii Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, 1927, p. 71,
Eng. text, p. 97. (Isino-mura, Alessando Island, Volcano Islands.)
Volcano and probably also the Bonin Islands.
— >-- Falco peregrinus ernesti Sharpe
Falco ernesti Sharpe, Ibis, 1894, p. 545. (Mt. Dulit, northern Borneo.)
Resident in the Philippines, Greater Sunda Islands, Bali, New Guinea
and Woodlark Island. (Whether the Peregrines recorded from the Fiji
Islands, New Caledonia and New Hebrides belong to one or more unnamed
insular races, or are stragglers of ernesti or macropus or only wintering
calidus is not known.)
290 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Falco peregrinus macropus Swainson
Falco macropus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 341. (Tasmania.)
Falco peregrinus suhmelanogenys Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p.
33. (Southwest Australia. Type from Bokerup according to Mathews,
Syst. Av. Australas., 1, 1927, p. 263.)
Australia and Tasmania.
Falco peregrinus perconfusus Collin and Hartert
Falco peregrinus perconfusus CoUin and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 34, 1927,
p. 52, new name for Falco minor Schlegel, not Bekker, Borkhausen
and Lichthammer. (Mountains of the Cape of Good Hope.)
Africa from Gold Coast Colony and Sennar, south to Angola and Cape
Province.
-Falco peregrinus radama Hartlaub
Falco radama Hartlaub, Orn. Beitr. Faun. Madagascar, 1861, p. 17.
(Madagascar.)
Madagascar and the Comoro Islands.
- Falco peregrinus pealei Ridgway
Falco communis var. pealei Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, 1873, p. 201.
(Sitka, Alaska and Oregon.)
IFalco rudolfi Kleinschmidt, Falco, 5, 1909, p. 19. (Hakodadi, northern
Japan.)
Apparently the breeding form on islands in Bering Sea, the Aleutian
Islands and both shores of the North Pacific south to the KurUe Islands
on the west and to the Queen Charlotte Islands ^ on the east; migratory in
the northern parts of its range.
~ Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte
Falco Anatum Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 4. (Great
Egg Harbor, N. J., ex WUson, Am. Orn., 9, 1814, p. 120, pi. 76.)
Breeds from Norton Sound, Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Bafiin Island
and west-central Greenland south to Lower California, Texas, Kansas, In-
diana, Pennsylvania and Connecticut, in the mountains to South Carolina.
Winters from British Columbia, Colorado and southern New England to
the West Indies and South America.
Falco peregrinus cassini Sharpe
Falco Cassini Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 11, 1873, p. 221-
(Straits of Magellan and Chile.)
?Falco kreyenborgi Kleinschmidt, Falco, 35, 1929, p. 33. (Based on a cage
bird in the Zoo at Miinster, Germany, which was said to have come
from Punta Arenas, Chile.)
1 Brooks, Condor, 28, 1926, p. 77-79.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 291
Distribution not well understood, but breeds in southern South America
at least in Chile, and probably further north; Falkland Islands.
?Falco fasciinucha Reichenow and Neumann
Falco fasciinucha Reichenow and Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 3, 1895,
p. 114. (Teita, Kenya Colony.)
Status not determined; known only from the type and one other speci-
men.
- Falco deiroleucus Temminck
Falco deiroleucus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 59, 1825, pi. 348. (Isla Sao
Francisco, Santa Catharina, Brazil.)
Hypotriorchis melanogyne Bertoni, An. Cien. Paraguayos (1), 1901, p. 168.
(Puerto Bertoni, Alto Parand, lat. 25° 40', Paraguay.)
Locally distributed from southern Vera Cruz south to Peru, northwest-
ern Argentina, Paraguay and southern BrazU.
SuBGENtrs FALCO LiNNf;
Cuvieria Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p. 210. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Falco cuvieri A. Smith.
Falco albigularis albigularis Daudin
Falco albigularis Daudin, Traits d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 131. (Cayenne.)
Falco rufigularis petoensis Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 39, 1918, p. 22.
(Peto, Yucatan.)
Central and South America from western Mexico (Nayarit), south to
southern Brazil and eastern Argentina?
Falco albigtilaris pax Chubb
Falco rufigularis pax Chubb, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 39, 1918, p. 22. (Cha-
ruplaya, BoUvia.)
Bolivia south to western (Tucumd,n) and northern (Formosa) Argentina.
Probably also western Matto Grosso.
Falco subbuteo subbuteo Linn6
Falco Subbuteo Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 89. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden.)
Falco saturatus Buturlin, Journ. f . Orn., 56, 1908, p. 283. (Northeastern
Siberia.) Not Falco saturatus Blyth.
Hypotriorchis subbuteo jakutensis Buturlin, Nascha Ochota, 1910, p. 71.
(Chuckche, northeastern Siberia.) ^
Hypotriorchis subbuteo irkutensis Johansen, Orn. Jahrb., 25, 1914, p. 83.
(Irkutsk.) 1
1 Stegmann, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. URRS, 1928 (1929), p. 154-155.
^92 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Falco subbuteo ussuriensis Domaniewski, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Var-
sovie, 10, 1917, p. 260, 267. (Sidemi.) i Not Buturlin, 1907.
Hypotriorchis subbuteo distinguendus Portenko, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS.,
ser. 7, CI. Sci. Physico-Math., 1930, p. 302. (Bitjug River, Gouvern-
mont of Voronezh.)
Breeds from Scandinavia and northern Russia across Asia to eastern
Siberia and Kamchatka, south to the Mediterranean, southwestern Siberia,
Transbaikalia (and probably to northwestern China) and Manchuria. In
winter south to Africa, India and southeastern China.
Falco subbuteo jugurtha Hartert and Neumann
Falco subbuteo jugurtha Hartert and Neumann, Journ. f . Orn., 55, 1907,
p. 591. (Tanger, northwestern Morocco.)
Morocco, Algeria and Tunis.
Palco subbuteo centralasiae (Buturhn)
Hypotriorchis subbuteo centralasiae Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 2, 1911, p. 175,
new name for:
Falco subbuteo cyanescens Lonnberg, Ark. Zool., 6, no. 9, 1905, p. 6.
(Baimgol, Tianshan) not Falco cyanescens Vieillot.
Hypotriorchis subbuteo planicola, Portenko, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS.,
ser. 7, CI. Physico-Math., 1930, p. 308. (Yarkend Oasis, Kashgaria).
Turkestan south to northern Persia and the eastern Himalayas.
Falco subbuteo streichi Hartert and Neumann
Falco subbuteo streichi Hartert and Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 55, 1907,
p. 592. (Swatow, Kwang-tung, China.)
Tsinling Mountains south to the Shan States, Yunnan and southeastern
China.
Falco severus rufipedoides Hodgson
Falco Rufipedoides Anonymous = Hodgson, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist.,
4, 1844, p. 283. (Hills of India, restricted to Nepal by Baker, Bull.
Brit., Orn. CI., 47, 1927, p. 107.)
Northern India in the Himalayas from Kuman to western Assam north
of the Brahmapootra.
Falco severus severus Horsfield
Falco severus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, 1821, p. 135.
(Java.)
Assam and the Kachin Hills south to Siam and Cochin China; Sumatra,
Java and the Philippines.
1 Stegmann, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. URSS, 1928 (1929), p. 154-155.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 293
-Falco severus papuanus Meyer and Wiglesworth
Falco severus papuanus Meyer and Wiglesworth, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dres-
den, 4, 1892-1893, no. 3, (1893), p. 6. (Huon Gulf, New Guinea.)
Borneo, Celebes, Halmahera, Buru, Ceram, Salawatti, New Guinea,
New Britain, Solomon Islands.^
"Falco longipennis longipennis Swainson
Falco longipennis Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 341. (Tasmania.)
Falco lunulatus apsleyi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 1, 1912, p. 33. (Mel-
ville Island.)
Falco lunulatus murchisonianus Mathews, Nov. Zool. 18, 1912, p. 252.
(East Murchison, West Australia.)
Falco melanotus White and Mellor, Emu, 12, 1913, p. 164. (FHnders
Island, Bass Strait) not of Shaw, 1809.
Falco longipennis samueli Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 232. (New
name for Falco melanotus White and Mellor, "if the bird be separ-
able.")
Australia and Tasmania; in winter to Kei Islands, Ceram, Amboina and
Ternate.2
Falco longipennis hanieli Hellmayr
Falco longipennis hanieli Hellmayr, in Haniel's Zool. Timor, Lief. 1, 1914,
p. 100. (Bonleo, 1100 met., western Timor.)
Lesser Sunda Islands.
Falco cuvierii A. Smith
Falco Cuvierii A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 392. (Kei
River, Cape Province.)
Africa from the Gold Coast, Bahr el Ghazal and Shoa south to Cape
Province.
-Falco eleonorae Gene
Falco Eleonoroe Gene, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 105. (Sardinia.)
Eastern Canary Islands, coasts of northwestern Africa and rocky islands
in the Mediterranean Sea east to the Cyclades and Cyprus. Has been
taken in Somaliland, Reunion and Madagascar.
■Falco concolor Temminck
Falco concolor Temminck, PL Col., livr. 56, 1825, text (but not pi. 330).
(Senegal, Barbary Coast, Egypt, Arabia. Arabia suggested as type
locaUty by Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 135.)
Red Sea coasts and Somaliland south to Mozambique; Madagascar.
' The races and ranges of Falco severus require much revision.
2 Obviously Falco longipennis is badly in need of revision. Mathews in his
Bds. Austr. repudiates both murchisonianus and apsleyi, but reestablishes them
again in the Syst. Av. Australas., without a word of explanation.
294 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Falco hypoleucos Gould
Falco hypoleucos Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840 (1841), p. 162,
(West Australia; type taken 60 miles from Swan River, ^de Mathews.)
Falco hypoleucus ashhyi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, 2, 1913, p. 73. (South
Australia.)
Falco hypoleucus ashleyi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1915, p. 234.
(Lapsus (?), as synonym of Falco hypoleucos Gould.)
Australia.
Subgenus RHYNCHOFALCO Ridgway
Rhynchofalco Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 16, 1873, p. 46.
Type, by original designation, Falco femoralis Temminck = Falco
fuscocaerulescens Vieillot.
Falco fuscocaerulescens septentrionalis Todd
Falco fusco-coerulescens septentrionalis Todd, Proc, Biol. Soc. Wash., 29,
1916, p. 98. (Fort Huachuca, Arizona.)
Arizona, New Mexico and southern Texas south through Mexico to Gua-
temala(?) ^ and Yucatan (?) ^
Falco fuscocaerulescens fuscocaerulescens Vieillot
Falco fusco-coerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 11, 1817, p. 90.
(Paraguay.)
Greater part of South America from Colombia to Tierra del Fuego.
Falco fuscocaerulescens pichinchae Chapman
Falco fuscocoerulescens pichinchce Chapman, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 205,
1925, p. 1. (Crater of Pichincha, Ecuador.)
Andes of Ecuador southward into Peru (La Raya).
Subgenus TINNUNCULUS Vieillot
Tinnunculus Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., 1, 1807, p. 39. Type, by subsequent
designation, Fako columbarius Linne. (Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,
1, 1874, p. 374.)
?Falco columbarius subaesalon C. L. Brehm
Falco subaesalon C. L. Brehm, Ornis, 3, 1827, p. 9. (Iceland, migrating
to Germany in winter.)
Falco alfred-edmundi Kleinschmidt, Falco, 13, 1917, p. 9. (Iceland.)
Iceland. 2
^ Specimens from these countries not seen. A bird from British Honduras in
the M. C. Z. belongs to the smaller southern race. No other records from Cen-
tral America.
2 The Merlins of Iceland are said to be darker but the form requires con-
firmation.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 295
-Falco columbarius aesalon Tunstall
Falco Aesalon Tunstall, Orn. Brit., 1771, p. 1. (No type locality =
France, from Brissonian reference.)
Falco columbarius alaunicus Fediusin, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Lenin-
grad, 1927, p. 71. (New name to replace aesalon.)
Breeds on the Faroes, Ireland, Scotland, northern England, Scandinavia
and east to the Mezen River, south to the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Finland and
Minsk. In winter over southern Europe to northern Africa and north-
western India.
■ Falco columbarius regulus Pallas
Falco regulus Pallas, Reise Versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, 2, 1773, p. 707.
(Siberia.)
Breeds in eastern Europe and western Siberia to the Chatanga, south to
Moscow, Novgorod (southern Umits in western Siberia not known) , south-
western Gouvernment Irkutsk and northern Transbaikalia. In winter to
Transcaucasia and Turkestan, Asia Minor and Egypt.
Falco columbarius insignis (Clark)
j^salon regulus insignis Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p. 470.
(Fusan, Korea.)
Breeds in northern Siberia from the eastern edge of the range of regulus,
across Yakutsk to the Stanowoi Mountains. In winter to Turkestan, north-
ern India, southern China and Japan.
Falco columbarius pacificus (Stegmann)
Aesalon columbarius pacificus Stegmann, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS, CI. Sci.
Physico-math., 1929, p. 591. (Klippe Rasboinik, Sea of Ochotsk.)
Breeds in eastern Siberia, Sakhalin, Kamchatka? Winters to Japan and
eastern China.
Falco columbarius christiani-ludovici Kleinschmidt
Lithofalco aesalon pallidus Sushkin, BuU. Brit. Orn. CI., 11, 1900, p. 5.
(Western part of the Kirghiz Steppes), not Falco pallidus Schinz.
Falco christiani-ludovici Kleinschmidt, Falco, 13, 1917, p. 10. (New
name for Falco pallidus (Sushkin.)
Breeds on the Kirghiz Steppes from Orenburg to the Altai, north to
Omsk and Lake Tschany. Winters to the Caucasus, Turkestan and Tarim
Basin.
Falco columbarius lymani Bangs
Falco aesalon lymani Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 54, 1913, p. 465.
(Tchegan-Burgazi Pass, Altai Mountains.)
Breeds in the Tian-Shan Mountains, southern Russian Altai, Mongo-
lian Altai east to the Iche-Bogdo Massif and the Changai Mountains, north
296 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
to Lake Kossogol, the Obo Sarym Pass and southeastern Transbaikalia.
Winter specimens known from eastern Turkestan and Zaidam,
Falco columbarius suckleyi Ridgway
Fako columbarius var. suckleyi Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, 1873,
p. 20L (Shoalwater Bay and Fort Steilacoom, Washington.)
Breeds on Kodiak Island and probably other coastal islands of southern
Alaska and British Columbia. Occasional in winter south to San Francisco
Bay.
Falco columbarius bendirei Swann
Falco columbarius bendirei Swann, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 42, 1922, p. 66.
(Fort Walla Walla, Washington.)
Breeds from northwestern Alaska, Yukon and northwestern Mackenzie
to British Columbia, Alberta and northern Saskatchewan, south in the
mountains to northern California. In winter to California and New Mexico
south to Lower California and northern Mexico.
Falco columbarius columbarius Linn6
Falco columbarius Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 90. (America =
Carolina, ex Catesby.)
Breeds from the limit of trees in eastern Canada south to Newfound-
land, Nova Scotia, northern Maine, northern Michigan and southern Mani-
toba, west to the eastern border of the Great Plains. Winters from the
Gulf States to the West Indies and northwestern South America.
Falco columbarius richardsonii Ridgway
Falco Hypotriorchis richardsonii Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1870, p. 145. ("Interior of North America.") ^
Breeds in the Great Plains region of southern Alberta, southern Saskat-
chewan, northern Montana and northwestern North Dakota? In winter
south through Colorado and New Mexico to Texas and probably north-
western Mexico.
Falco chicquera chicquera Daudin
Falco chicquera Daubin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 121. (Bengal.)
Himalayas to southern India.
Falco chicquera ruficoUis Swainson
Falco ruficoUis Swainson, Bds. W. Afr., 1, 1837, p. 107, pi. 2. (Senegal.)
Africa from Gambia and the Sudan south to the Zambesi.
1 The three cotypes listed by Ridgway in the original description are as fol-
lows: adult cf , mouth of the Vermilion River near the Missouri; adult 9 , Ber-
thoud's Pass, Rocky Mountains, Colorado; Immature cf, Fort Rice [North]
Dakota.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 297
-Falco chicquera horsbrughi Gunning and Roberts
Falco horsbrughi Gunning and Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 3, 1911,.
p. 110. (Pretoria.)
Africa south of the Zambesi.
Subgenus DISSODECTES P. L. Sclater
Dissodectes P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 248. Type, by
subsequent designation, Falco dickinsoni P. L. Sclater. (Sharpe, Cat.
Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, 1874, p. 423.)
Falco ardosiaceus Vieillot
Fako Ardosiaceus Vieillot, Encyc. Meth., Orn., pt. 3, 1823, p. 1238.
(Senegal.)
Africa from Senegal, the Egyptian Sudan and Ethiopia south to Angola
and Lake Victoria.
Falco dickinsoni P. L. Sclater
Falco dickinsoni P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 248.
(Chibasa, Shire River, Nyasaland.)
Africa from Angola to southern Tanganyika Territory and Portuguese
East Africa.
Falco zoniventris Peters
Falco zoniventris Peters, Ber. Verh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for 1853 (1854) ^
p. 783. (St. Augustin Bay, Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
Subgenus ERYTHROPUS C. L. Brehm
Erythropus C. L. Brehm, Isis, 1828, col. 1270. Type, by monotypy,.
Falco erythropus Linne.
• Falco vespertinus Linne
Falco vespertinus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 129. (Ingria =
Province of St. Petersburg, fide Hartert, p. 1078.)
Falco vespertinus obscurus Tschusi, Orn. Jahrb., 15, 1904, p. 229. (Tomsk^
western Siberia) not Falco obscuru,s Gmelin.
Falco pyrrhogaster Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 23, Feb. 1915, p. 25.
(Bosum, eastern Cameroon.)
Erythropus vespertinus transriphaeus Buturlin, Orn. Mitt., 6, March,,
1915, p. 126. (New name for Falco obscurus Tschusi, not Gmelin.)
Breeds from eastern Sweden (probably) , Russia and western Siberia to
the Yenessei and south to Rumania, southern Russia and the lower Lena.
Winters in the Egyptian Sudan, Angola and Damaraland.
298 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Falco amurensis Radde
Falco vespertinus var. amurensis Radde, Reisen siid von O.-Sibir., 2,
1863, p. 102, pi. 1, f. 2a, 2b. (Amur.)
Breeds in Siberia east of Lake Baikal to Amurland south to Manchuria
and northern China to the Tsin-ling Mountains. Winters in eastern and
southern Africa from Kenya Colony to Cape Province.
Subgenus CERCHNEIS Boie
Cerchneis Boie, Isis, 19, 1826, col. 970. Type, by monotypy, Falco rwpi-
colus Daudin.
Megacerchneis Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 8, 1922, p. 210. Type, by
original designation, Falco rwpicoloides A. Smith.
Falco naumanni naumanni Fleischer
Falco naumanni Fleischer, in Laurop and Fischer's 'Sylvan' for 1817-
1818 (1818), p. 174. (Southern Germany.)
Cerchneis naumanni sarmaticus Domaniewski, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci.
Varsovie, 10, 1917, p. 1046. (Poland: tyipe from near Lublin.)
Breeds in southern Russia north to Orenberg; Asia Minor and the
Mediterranean countries and islands. Winters throughout Africa.
Falco naumanni pekinensis Swinhoe
Falco cenchris var. pekinensis Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870,
p. 442. (Near Peking, China.)
Cerchneis naumanni turkestanicus Zarudny, Orn. Mitt., 3, 1912, p. 114.
(Turkestan.)
Breeds from Turkestan eastward to Manchuria and northern China,
exact limits not known. Migrates to India and occasionally to north-
eastern Africa.
Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus Linne
Falco Tinnunculus Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 90. (Europe, re-
stricted type locality, Sweden, apud Hartert.)
Cerchneis perpallida Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 32, 1907, p. 470.
(Fusan, Korea.) ^
Tinnunculus minutus MUlet-Horsin, Rev. Frany. d' Orn., 2, 1912, p. 269.
(Medenine, Tunisia.)
IFalco Tinnunculus ultratinnunculus Kleinschmidt, Falco, 25, 1929,
p. 35. (Wladikaukas, northern Caucasus.)
^ The type of this bird which I have examined in the U. S. National Museum
is in fresh spring plumage; it is a male probably not quite fully adult and
slightly aberrant. Perpallida appears to be a direct synonym of t. tinnuvculus,
not an earlier name for dorriesi as Kuroda (Tori, 5, 1928, p. 27-28) thought.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 299
Breeds from Scandinavia and northern Russia south to the Mediter-
ranean and northern Africa, east to northern and western Siberia probably
to the Altai Mountains and the Yenessei River and south to northern
Persia. Migrates in winter from the northern parts of its range south to
Gold Coast, Tanganyika Territory, Arabia and northwestern India.
Falco tinnunculus dorriesi (Swann)
Cerchneis tinnuncula dorriesi Swann,^ Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 146.
(Sidemi and Amur River, East Siberia.)
Breeds in eastern Siberia probably from TransbaikaUa to the Amur
River and south to northern Manchuria; Korea (?). Winters probably to
India, eastern China and south to Formosa. Philippine records may be
referable here.
Falco tinnunculus japonensis Ticehurst
Falco tinnunculus japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna
Jap., Aves, 1844, p. 2, pi. 1 and IB. (Japan) not Falco japonicus
Gmelin.
Falco tinnunculus japonensis Ticehurst, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 50, 1929,
p. 10. (New name for the bird described by Temminck and Schlegel,
loc. cit.)
Breeds in Japan and apparently most of east-central Asia from Ladak
and Kashmir to northern China south to Tibet and Szechuan. In winter
to India, Burma and southern China.
Falco tinnunculus saturatus Blyth
Falco saturatus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 28, 1859, p. 277.
(Tenasserim.)
Breeds from Yunnan and the hills of eastern and central Burma to
Tenasserim.
Falco tinnunculus interstinctus Horsfield
Falco interstinctus Horsfield, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839 (1840),
p. 154. (Assam.)
Lower Himalayas between 2000 and 8000 feet east to Assam, Cachar,
Sylhet and Manipur.
Falco tinnunculus objurgatus (Stuart Baker)
Cerchneis tinnunculus objurgatus Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. CI., 47,
1927, p. 106. (Ootacamund, Nilgiris, southern India.)
Hill ranges of Mysore and southern India to Travancore and Ceylon.
1 Cf. Stegmann, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. URSS, 1928, p. 157-158.
300 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Falco tinnunculus canariensis (Koenig)
Cerchneis tinnunculus canariensis Koenig, Journ. f . Orn., 37, 1889, p. 263.
{Nomen nudum.)
Idem, 38, 1890, p. 285, 324, 473, pi. 1. (Canary Islands.) First descrip-
tion.
Madeira and the western Canary Islands.
Falco tinnunculus dacotiae Hartert
Falco tinnunculus dacotiae Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 2, 1913, p. 1086.
(Lanzarote, Canary Islands.)
Eastern Canary Islands.
Falco tinnunculus neglectus Schlegel
Falco neglectus Schlegel, Mas. Pays-Bas, Rev. Ois de Proie, Accip.,
1873, p. 43. (St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands.)
Cape Verde Islands.
Falco tinnunculus rupicolaeformis (C. L. Brehm)
Cerchneis rupicolaeformis C. L. Brehm, Vogelfang, 1855, p. 29. (Egypt
and Germany = Egypt by general assent.)
Egypt and Nubia, exact range not known.
Falco tinnunculus carlo (Hartert and Neumann)
Cerchneis tinnunculus carlo Hartert and Neumann, Journ. f. Orn., 55,
1907, p. 592. (Bissidimo, near Harrar, Ethiopia.)
Forested highlands of Africa from Nigeria, Ethiopia and Somaliland
south to Angola and central Tanganyika Territory.
Falco tinnunculus rupicolus Daudin
Falco rupicolus Daudin, Traite d' Orn., 2, 1800, p. 135. (Cape of Good
Hope and Kaffirland, ex Levaillant.)
Tinnunculus rupicolus rhodesi Finch-Davies, Ibis, 1920, p. 620. (Matopo
Hills, Rhodesia.)
South Africa throughout, north to southern Angola and Nyasaland.
Falco moluccensis moluccensis (Bonaparte)
Tinnunculus moluccensis "Schlegel" Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850,
p. 27. (Amboina, ex Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud., Zool.,
Atlas, Ois., pi. 1, f. 2.)
Falco moluccensis bernsteini Stresemann, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 1, 1919,
p. 8, new name for Tinnunculus moluccensis orientalis Meyer and
Wiglesworth, not Cerchneis orientalis Brehm. (Northern Moluccas.)
The Moluccas from Morotai to Buru and Ceram.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 301
Falco moluccensis occidentalis (Meyer and Wiglesworth)
Tinnunculus moluccensis occidentalis Meyer and Wiglesworth, Abh. Ber.
Mus. Dresden, 6, 1896, no. 2, p. 8 in text. (Celebes.)
Cerchneis moluccensis microbalia Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 54,
1917, p. 178. (Solombo Besar Island, Java Sea.)
Celebes, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands from Kangean to Wetter.
Falco moluccensis renschi Siebers
Falco moluccensis renschi Siebers, Treubia, 7, 1930, Suppl. p. 239.
(Laora, western Snmba.)
Sumba Island.
Falco cenchroides Vigors and Horsfield
Falco Cenchroides Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15,
1827, p. 183. (Australia = New South Wales.)
■ Cerchneis unicolor Milligan, Emu, 4, 1904, p. 2. (Yalgoo, West Australia.)
Cerchneis cenchroides milligani Mathews, Nov. Zool., 18, 1912, p. 253.
(Parry's Creek, Northwest Australia.) ^
Australia and Tasmania.
-Falco rupicoloides field! (Elliot)
Cerchneis fieldi Elliot, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1897,
p. 58. (Silo Plain and Toyo Plain, Somaliland.)
Somaliland.
Falco rupicoloides arthuri (Gurney)
Tinnunculus arthuri Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, 1884, p. 156, 158.
(Mombasa.)
Kenya Colony.
Falco rupicoloides rupicoloides A. Smith
Fako rupicoloides A. Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1), 1830, p. 238.
(Groene River, Little Namaqualand.)
Africa, south of the Zambesi.
Falco newtoni aldabranus Grote
Falco newtoni aldabranus Grote, Orn. Monatsb., 36, 1928, p. 78. (Alda-
bra Island.)
Aldabra (and the Comoro Islands?).
1 Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, p. 291, says, "with a good and fairly representa-
tive series now available I cannot recognize any subspecies. All the differences
seen seem to be only individual and every attempt to fix any subspecies defi-
nitely has failed." Nevertheless he recognized all three forms in the Syst. Av.
Australas., without a word of explanation.
302 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Falco newtoni newtoni (Gurney)
Tinnunculus newtoni Gurney, Ibis, 1863, p. 34, pi. 2. (Madagascar.)
Madagascar.
^ Falco punctatus Temminck
Falco -punctatus Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 8, 1821, pi. 45. (Mauritius.)
Mauritius.
Falco araea (Oberholser)
Cerchneis araea Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917, p. 76, new
name for Falco gracilis Lesson, not of Temminck. (Seychelle Islands.)
Seychelle Islands.
Falco alopex alopex (Heuglin)
Tinnunculus alopex Heuglin, Ibis, 1861, p. 69, pi. 3. (Gallabat, Egyp-
tian Sudan.)
Interior of Gold Coast Colony east to the Egyptian Sudan, Eritrea, and
Ethiopia.
Falco alopex eremica (Oberholser)
Cerchneis alopex eremica Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, 1917,
p. 76, new name for Cerchneis alopex deserticola Reichenow, not Falco
sparverius deserticola Mearns.
Cerchneis alopex deserticola Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 7, 1899, p. 190.
(Mangu, Togoland.)
Togoland.
Falco sparverius sparverius Linne
Falco sparverius Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 90. (America =
Carolina ex Catesby.)
Cerchneis sparveria guatemalensis Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 156.
(Capetillo and Huehuetenango, Guatemala.)
Breeds from the Upper Yukon, northwestern Mackenzie, southern Kee-
watin and Newfoundland south to northern California, Texas, northern
Alabama and North Carolina. Winters from British Columbia, Colorado,
Kansas, Ohio and southern New England south to eastern Panama.
' Falco sparverius paulus (Howe and King)
Cerchneis sparverius paulus Howe and King, Contr. N. Am. Orn., 1,
1902, p. 28. (Miami, Florida.)
Southern Alabama (probably also Mississippi) to South Carolina, south
over the Florida Peninsula.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 303
— — Falco sparverius phalaena (Lesson)
Tinnunculus phalcena Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, 12, 1845, coL
1087. (San Bias and Acapulco, Mexico.)
Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas south to
northern Lower California and northwestern Mexico.
— ~" Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns
Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns, Auk, 9, 1892, p. 267. (San Jos^,
Lower CaUfornia.)
Lower California from lat. 28° southward.
— Falco sparverius tropicalis (Griscom)
Cerchneis sparveria tropicalis Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 414, 1930,
p. 1. (Antigua, Guatemala.)
Guatemala; apparently confined to the Motagua Valley.
"*" — Falco sparverius sparveroides Vigors
Falco Sparveroides Vigors, Zool. Journ., 3, 1828, p. 436. (Cuba.)
Cuba and the Isle of Pines.
"■ — Falco sparverius dominicensis Gmelin
Falco dominicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 285. (His-
paniola.)
Hispaniola.
Falco sparverius loquaculus (Riley)
Cerchneis sparveria loquacula Riley, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47, 1904, p. 284.
(Isabel II, Vieques Island.)
Puerto Rico and adjacent islands east to the Anegada Passage.
— — Falco sparverius caribaearum Gmelin
Falco caribcearum Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 284. (No type
locahty = Lesser Antilles from references. Dominica suggested as
type locality by Swann, Syn. List Accip., 1920, p. 155.)
Lesser Antilles: common on the northern, rare on the southern islands.
— - Falco sparverius isabellinus Swainson
Falco isabellinus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 281. (British
Guiana.)
Coastal districts of northern South America from the Santa Marta
region of Colombia to Cayenne.
Falco sparverius brevipeimis (Berlepsch)
Tinnunculus sparverius brevipennis Berlepsch, Journ. f. Orn., 40, 1892,
p. 91. (Island of Curagao.)
Islands of Curagao, Aruba and Bonaire.
304 CHECK-LTST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Falco sparverius margaritensis (Cory)
Cerchneis sparverius margaritensis Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. PubL,
Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 297. (Margarita Island.)
Margarita Island.
Falco sparverius intennedius (Cory)
Cerchneis sparveria intermedia Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn.
Ser., 1, 1915, p. 325. (Villa vicencio, 1600 feet, base of eastern Andes,
Colombia.)
Eastern slope of the central Andes of Colombia, north to Antioquia, east
to the Venezuelan border and the llanos of eastern Colombia.
Falco sparverius ochraceus (Cory)
Cerchneis sparverius ochracea Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn.
Ser., 1, 1915, p. 298. (Colon, Tachira, Venezuela.)
Mountains of northern and western Venezuela.
Falco sparverius perplexus (Cory)
Cerchneis sparverius perplexa Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn.
Ser., 1, 1915, p. 327. (Lower Essequibo River, British Guiana.)
Known definitely only from the type locality.
Falco sparverius caucse (Chapman)
Cerchneis sparverius caucce Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34,
1915, p. 375. (La Manuelita, near Palmira, 3500 feet, Cauca Valley,
Colombia.)
Cauca Valley region of western Colombia.
- Falco sparverius aequatorialis Mearns
Falco sparverius cequatorialis Mearns, Auk, 9, 1892, p. 269. (Guayaquil,
Ecuador = error; the type undoubtedly came from the interior table-
land.) Cf. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 55, 1926, p. 2^1.
Cerchneis sparveria andina Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser.,
1, 1915, p. 323. (Quito, 9300 feet, Ecuador.)
Subtropical and Temperate Zones of Ecuador south to the Rio Chan-
chan.
Falco sparverius distinctus (Cory)
Cerchneis sparverius distincta Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn.
Ser., 1, 1915, p. 297. (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Brazil.)
Range and status not fixed.
ORDER FALCONIFORMES 305
" — ^Falco sparverius eidos nom. nov.
Tinnunculus sparverius var. australis, Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1870, p. 149, new name for Falco gracilis Swainson, not of Les-
son. (Bahia, Brazil.)
Falco (Cerchneis, Tinnunculus) australis Auct. not Falco australis Gme-
lin.i
Eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia and the greater part of Brazil south of the
Amazon.
Falco sparverius cearae (Cory)
Cerchneis sparveria cearoe Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1,
1915, p. 318, note. (Quixada, Ceard, Brazil.)
Unique (perhaps the same as eidos for which it would then be an earlier
name.)
!■— Ji'alco sparverius peruvianus (Cory)
Cerchneis sparverius peruviana Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn,
Ser., 1, 1915, p. 296. (Chachapoyas, Peru.)
Southwestern Ecuador and northern Peru south to Huanuco.
—-Falco sparverius cinnamominus Swainson
Falco cinnamominus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 281. (Chile.)
Chile, southern Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina south to
Tierra del Fuego.
Falco sparverius f ernandensis (Chapman)
Cerchneis sparverius f ernandensis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
34, 1915, p. 379. (Masatierra Island, off Chile.)
Juan Fernandez Islands.
Genus IERACIDEA Gould
leracidea Gould, Syn. Bds. Austr., pt. 3, 1838, pi. 43. Type, by mono-
typy, Falco berigora Vigors and Horsfield.
cf. Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 259-280.
leracidea berigora novaeguineae A. B. Meyer
Hieracidea novaeguineae A. B. Meyer, Journ. f. Orn., 42, 1894, p. 89.
(Southeastern New Guinea.)
Eastern New Guinea, Dampier Islands and Vulcan Island.
^ For review of the South American races of Falco sparverius, cf. Cory, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., 1, 1915, p. 311-335.
306 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
leracidea berigora melvillensis Mathews
leracidea berigora melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av, Rec, 1, 1912, p. 34.
(Melville Island.)
Northern Territory, Melville Island and northwest Australia.^
leracidea berigora kempi Mathews
leracidea berigora kempi Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 277. (Cape
York.)
Northern Queensland.
leracidea berigora occidentals Gould
leracidea occidentalis Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 16, 1844, p. 105 and pi.
(Western Australia = Perth, fide Mathews.)
Western Australia.
leracidea berigora centralia Mathews
leracidea berigora centralia Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 277.
(Finke River, central AustraHa.)
Central Australia.
leracidea berigora berigora (Vigors and Horsfield)
Falco Berigora Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, 1827,
p. 184. (Austraha = New South Wales.)
Coastal districts of eastern Australia.
leracidea berigora tasmanica Mathews
leracidea berigora tasmanica Mathews, Bds. Austr., 5, 1916, p. 276.
(Tasmania.)
Tasmania.
1 Most of the Australian "subspecies" of leracidea berigora appear to have
been founded on individual variants and color phases. In my opinion a revision
based on adequate material would reduce the number of recognizable sub-
species to about half (or less) of the number listed here.
INDEX
INDEX
abbotti, Ibis, 131
abbotti, Spilornis, 273
abbotti, Sula, 83
abbotti, Threskiornis, 131
abbreviatus, Buteo, 232
abdimii, Ciconia, 128
abdimii, Sphenorhynchus, 128
aberti. Anas, 159
abyssinicus, Falco, 285
Accipiter, 205
Accipitridae, 192
Accipitrinae, 205
aceletus, Astur, 209
actophilus, Butorides, 106
acuta. Anas, 166
adalberti, Aquila, 254
adamsii, Coiymbus, 35
adamsii, Gavia, 35
Adamastor, 51
addenda, Priocella, 51
adeliae, Catarrhactes, 30
adeliae, Pygoscelis, 30
adoxa, Ardea, 100
adspersus, Crypturellus, 19
adspersus, Tinamus, 19
Aechmophorus, 40
Aegypiinae, 259
Aegypius, 260
segyptiaca, Alopochen, 154
segyptiaca. Anas, 154
segyptius, Falco, 203
segyptius, Milvus, 203
Aepyornithidae, 11
aequatorialis. Circus, 266
sequatorialis, Falco, 304
sequinoctialis, Buteogallus, 245
sequinoctialis, Falco, 245
sequinoctialis, Procellaria, 52
Aerospiza, 206
aeruginosus. Circus, 266
aeruginosus, Falco, 266
sesalon, Falco, 295
ffithereus, Phaethon, 77
aethiopica, Threskiornis, 131
aethiopicus, Tantalus, 131
aethiops, Buteo, 233
afiinis, Accipiter, 222
affinis, Crypturellus, 20
affinis, Crypturus, 20
affinis, Fuligula, 176
affinis, Milvus, 203
affinis, Nyroca, 176
Afraetus, 253
Afranas, 158
Afrardea, 98
africanus, Cassinaetus, 251
africanus, Gyps, 262
africanus, Halietor, 93
africanus, Limnaetus, 251
africanus, Pelecanus, 93
africanus, Pseudogyps, 262
Agamia, 114
agami, Agamia, 114
agami, Ardea, 114
agassizii, Nothura, 26
agilis, Procellaria, 66
agilis, Pterodroma, 66
aguia, Falco, 227
Aix, 170
Ajaia, 140
aiaja,Ajaia, 140
ajaja, Platalea, 140
akleyorum, Lampribis, 134
akleyorum, Oreoibis, 134
alascanus, Falco, 286
alascanus, Halisetus, 258
alascensis, Buteo, 231
alaunicus, Falco, 295
alba, Ardea, 102
alba, Guara, 137
alba, Pagodroma, 67
alba, Platalea, 139
alba, Procellaria, 62
alba, Pterodroma, 62
alba, Scolopax, 137
albani, Pterodroma, 61
albatrus, Diomedea, 43
albeola, Anas, 177
albeola, Bucephala, 177
albellus, Mergellus, 185
albeUus, Mergus, 185
albescens, Rhea, 4
albicandatus, Buteo, 229
albicilla, Falco, 258
310
INDEX
albicilla, Haliaeetus, 258
albicollis, Falco, 241
albicollis, Leucopternis, 241
albicollis, Pelecanus, 81
albidulus, Butorides, 105
albidus, Accipiter, 207
albidus, Astur, 207
albidus, Calopezus, 28
albida, Eudromia, 28
albidus, Falco, 271
albidus, Spilornis, 271
albifrons, Anser, 147
albifrons, Branta, 147
albifrons, Pteronetta, 172
albigula, Buteo, 229
albigularis, Crypturellus, 18
albigularis, Crypturus, 18
albigularis, Falco, 291
albigularis, Nesofregetta, 71
albigularis, Procellaria, 71
albinucha, Querquedula, 162
albipennis, Cheniscus, 171
albipennis, Nettapus, 171
albipes, Aquila, 254
albiventer, Carbo, 92
albiventer, Phalacrocorax, 92
albiventris, Accipiter, 212
albiventris, Urospizias, 212
albociliatus, Phalacrocorax, 86
albogularis, Accipiter, 218 »
albogularis, Anas, 163
albogularis, Mareca, 163
albogularis, Phalcobcenus, 280
albogularis, Polyborus, 280
alboides, Astur, 214
albolimbatus, Butorides, 105
alboniger, Nisaetus, 249
alboniger, Spizaetus, 249
albonotatus, Buteo, 232
albosignata, Eudyptula, 33
albus, Ardea, 110
albus, Casmerodius, 110
alcinus, Machaerhamphus, 194
aldabranus, Falco, 301
aldabrensis, Fregata, 96
alexanderi, Chenonetta, 152
alexanderi, Diomedea, 42
alexanderi, Heteroprion, 49
alexanderi, Pachyptila, 49
alexanderi, Thalassogeron, 42, 45
alexanderi. Virago, 163
alexandrae, Notophoyx, 101
alfred-edmundi, Falco, 294
alius, Buteo, 238
alia, Rupornis, 238
alisteri, Fregettornis, 70
alisteri, Ixobrychus, 121
alleni, Buteo, 233
aUeni, Erismatura, 184
alleni, Puffinus, 55
alleni, Rhynchotus, 24
alligator. Ibis, 132
alopex, Falco, 302
alopex, Tinnunculus, 302
Alopochen, 154
Alphapuffinus, 53
altaicus, Falco, 286
altaicus, Hierfalco, 286
alter, Heterprion, 49
altera, Pachyptila, 49
alticola, Anas, 165
altijugus, Casuarius, 6
amauroleucus, Elanus, 239
Amazonetta, 158
ambigua, Nothoprocta, 25
ambiguus, Haliastur, 205
americana. Anas, 168
americana, Bucephala, 177
americana, Clangula, 177
americanus, Daptrius, 279
americanus, Falco, 279
americana, Fuligula, 174
americana, Mareca, 168
americanus, Mergus, 187
americana, Mycteria, 126
americana, Nyroca, 174
americana, Oidemia, 181
americana, Rhea, 4
americanus, Struthio, 4
amphitrite, Fregetta, 71
amurensis, Ardea, 106
amurensis, Butorides, 106
amurensis, Falco, 298
Anacarbo, 85
anadyrensis, Melanonyx, 148
Anas, 158
Anastomus, 127
Anatidae, 143
Anatinae, 154
anatum, Falco, 290
andamanensis, Spizaetus, 250
anderssoni, Machaerhamphus, 194
anderssoni, Stringonyx, 194
andina, Cerchneis, 304
INDEX
311
andinus, Phoenicoparrus, 141
andinus, Phcenicopterus, 141
andium, Anas, 166
andium, Querquedula, 166
andrei, Crypturellus, 18
andrei, Crypturus, 18
andrewsi, Fregata, 95
angolensis, Falco, 263
angolensis, Gypohierax, 263
angustirostris, Anas, 167
Anhima, 142
Anhimae, 142
Anhimidae, 142
Anhinga, 94
anhinga, Anhinga, 95
anhinga, Plotus, 95
Anhingidae, 94
Anomalaetus, 251
Anser, 146
anser. Anas, 146
anser, Anser, 146
Anseranas, 144
Anseres, 143
Anseriformes, 142
Anserinae, 145
antarctica, Aptenodytes, 30
antarctica, Phoebetria, 46
antarctica, Priocella, 51
antarctica, Procellaria, 51
antarctica, Thalassoica, 51
antarcticus, Fulmarus, 51
antarcticus, Podiceps, 41
antarcticus, Podilymbus, 41
antarctica, Pygoscelis, 30
anthonyi, Ardea, 103
anthonyi, Butorides, 103
anthracinus, Buteogallus, 244
anthracinus, Falco, 244
antillarum, Buteo, 237
antillarum, Podiljonbus, 41
antipodes, Catarrhactes, 32
antipodes, Megadyptes, 32
antiquorum, Phoenicopterus, 141
apirati, Spizaetus, 248
apivorus, Falco, 198
apivorus, Pernis, 198
approximans. Circus, 267
apsleyi, Falco, 293
Aptenodytes, 29
Apterygiformes, 11
Apterygidae, 11
Apteryx, 11
Aquila, 253
aquila, Fregata, 95
aquilus, Pelecanus, 95
arabicus, Falco, 289
arabicus, Milvus, 203
araea, Cerchneis, 302
araea, Falco, 302
arborea. Anas, 154
arborea, Dendrocygna, 154
arcanus, Rhjmchotus, 24
Archaeopterygidae, 3
Archaeopterygiformes, 3
Archaeornithes, 3
archeri, Buteo, 230
archeri, Platalea, 139
Archifalco, 287
arcticus, Colymbus, 34
arctica, Gavia, 34
arctonetta, 180
arcuata, Anas, 153
arcuata, Dendrocygna, 153
Ardea, 97, 98
Ardeae, 97
Ardeidae, 97
Ardeinae, 97
Ardeiralla, 123
Ardenna, 53
ardesiaca, Ardea, 109
ardesiaca, Melanophoyx, 109
Ardeola,' 107
ardosiaceus, Falco, 297
argutus, Buteo, 237
arguta, Rupornis, 237
ariel, Atagen, 97
ariel, Attagen, 95
ariel, Fregata, 97
Aristonetta, 173
aristotelis, Pelecanus, 89
aristotelis, Phalacrocorax, 89
armata, Merganetta, 189
arminjoniana, Aestrelata, 64
arminjoniana, Pterodroma, 64
arrigonii, Accipiter, 206
arrigonii, Astur, 206
arrigonii, Buteo, 234
arthuri, Falco, 301
arthuri, Tinnunculus, 301
aruensis, Ardea, 102
Asarcornis, 155
ascensionis, Leptophsethon, 79
ascensionis, Phaethon, 79
asha, Ardea, 112
312
INDEX
asha, Demigretta, 112
ashbyi, Falco, 294
ashleyi, Falco, 294
asiatica, Ciconia, 129
asiatica, Mycteria, 130
asiaticus, Xenorhynchus, 130
assimilis, Circus, 265
assimilis, Malacorhynchus, 170
assimilis, Puffinus, 58
astrologus, Ixobrychus, 121
Astur, 205
astur, Eutriorchis, 274
Asturina, 240
asturinus, Spilornis, 274
ater, Buteo, 240
ater, Carbo, 90
ater, Daptrius, 278
aterrima, Procellaria, 61
a,terrima, Pterodroma, 61
atrata, Anas, 144
atrata, Chenopis, 144
atratus, Coragyps, 190
atrata, Procellaria, 66
atrata, Pterodroma, 66
atratus, Vultur, 190
atricapillus, Accipiter, 208
atricapilla. Anas, 172
atricapilla, Ardea, 105
atricapillus, Butorides, 105
atricapillus, Falco, 208, 247
atricapilla, Heteronetta, 172
atricapillus, Spizastur, 247
atrocapillus, Crypturellus, 20
atrocapillus, Crypturus, 20
atriceps, Phalacrocorax, 92
atlantica, Chen, 146
atlanticus, Puffinus, 59
aucklandica, Nesonetta, 158
auduboni, Phoebetria, 46
audubonii, Polyborus, 281
audax, Uroaetus, 256
audax, Vultur, 256
augur, Buteo, 230
augur, Falco, 230
auguralis, Buteo, 230
aura, Cathartes, 190
aura, Vultur, 190
aurantiacus, Casuarius, 9
aureus, Gypaetus, 264
aureus, Vultur, 264
auricularis, Puffinus, 58
auricularis, Vultur, 260
aurita. Anas, 172
auritus, Carbo, 86
auritus, Colymbus, 38
auritus, Nettapus, 172
auritus, Phalacrocorax, 86
australis, Aestrelata, 61
australis, Apteryx, 11
australis, Ardea, 123
australis, Busarellus, 245
australis, Colymbus, 39
australis, Daption, 47
australis, Dupetor, 123
australis, Falco, 280, 305
australis, Fregetta, 70
australis, Geranoaetus, 227
australis, Heterospizias, 226
australis, Mergus, 188
australis, Mycteria, 129
australis, Nyroca, 175
australis, Oxyura, 185
australis, Phalcoboenus, 280
australis, Podiceps, 39
australis, Pterodroma, 61
australis, Struthio, 4
australis, Tinnunculus, 305
australis, Xenorhynchus, 130
autumnalis. Anas, 153
autumnalis, Dendrocygna, 153
autumnalis, Piscatrix, 84
Aviceda, 195
axillaris, (Estrelata, 65
axillaris, Pterodroma, 65
ayresii, Hieraaetus, 252
ayresii, Spizaetus, 252
Aythya, 173
azarae, Hypomorphnus, 244
azarae, Phimosus, 137
azarae, Urubitinga, 244
babylonicus, Falco, 289
bacchus, Ardeola, 108
bacchus, Buphus, 108
bacha, Falco, 271
badius, Accipiter, 211
badius, Falco, 211
baeri, Anas, 175
baeri, Nyroca, 175
bahamensis. Anas, 167
bahamensis, Ardea, 103
bahamensis, Butorides, 103
bahise, Tigriosoma, 119
bailloni, Procellaria, 60
INDEX
313
bailloni, Puffinus, 60
Balaeniceps, 125
Balsenicipites, 125
Balaenicipitidae, 125
balcanicus, Astur, 207
balzarensis, Geranospiza, 268
bancrofti, Nyctanassa, 116
bangsi, Oceanodroma, 73
bangsi, Urubitinga, 244
banksi, Pachyptila, 50
Bannermania, 72
bannermani, Buteo, 234
bannermani, Puffinus, 60
bannermani, Scopus, 126
Baptornithidae, 3
barbadensis, Butorides, 104
barbatus, Gypaetus, 264
barbatus, Vultur, 264
baroli, Procellaria, 59
baroli, Puffinus, 59
bartelsi, Spizaetus, 249
bartletti, Crypturellus, 21
bartletti, Crypturus, 21
bassanus, Morus, 82
bassanus, Pelecanus, 82
bassi, Diomedea, 44
bassi, Dromaeus, 10
bassus, Falco, 271
bassus, Spilornis, 271
batesi, Accipiter, 222
batesi. Baza, 195
batesi, Dryotriorchis, 274
batesi, Spizaetus, 251
batesi, Urotriorchis, 227
baweanus, Spilornis, 272
Baza, 195
beali, Oceanodroma, 73
beaudouini, Circaetus, 270
beccarii, Casuarius, 6
becki, Pterodroma, 62
becki, Puffinus, 59
bedouti, Sula, 84
belcheri, Heteroprion, 50
belcheri, Pachyptila, 50
belcheri, Pelecanoides, 76
belcheri, Thalassarche, 43
beldingi, Oceanodromia, 73
belisarius, Aquila, 254
belisarius, Falco, 254
bellicosus, Falco, 251
bellicosus, Polemaetus, 251
bendirei, Falco, 296
bengalensis, Pseudogyps, 262
bengalensis, Vultur, 262
benguellensis, Astur, 209
beniensis, Accipiter, 210
bennetti, Casuarius, 8
berard, Pelecanoides, 76
berard, Procellaria, 76
berigora, Falco, 306
berigora, leracidea, 306
berlepschi, Crypturellus, 16
berlepschi, Crypturus, 16
berlepschi, Merganetta, 189
berlepschi, Phimosus, 137
bermudse, Puffinus, 57
bernicla. Anas, 149
bernicla, Branta, 149
bernieri. Anas, 164
bernieri. Ibis, 131
bernieri, Querquedula, 164
bernieri, Threskiornis, 131
bernsteini, Falco, 300
besra, Accipiter, 223
bewickii, Cygnus, 143
biarmicus, Falco, 285
bicarunculatus, Casuarius, 7
bicolor, Accipiter, 217
bicolor. Anas, 153
bicolor, Dendrocygna, 153
bicolor, Sparvius, 217
bidentatus, Falco, 200
bidentatus, Harpagus, 200
bido, Falco, 272
bido, Spilornis, 272
bimaculatus, Tinamus, 20
bismarckii, Aviceda, 197
bismarckii. Baza, 197
bistriatus, Casuarius, 6
Biziura, 185
blancheti, Falco, 288
blythi, Gorsachius, 117
bocagei, Lampribis, 134
bogotensis, Ixobrychus, 122
bolivianus, Heterocnus, 119
boliviana, Nothura, 26
bolivianum, Tigrisoma, 119
bonapartei, Nothocercus, 15
bonapartei, Tinamus, 15
boraquira, Nothura, 27
boraquira, Tinamus, 27
borealis, Buteo, 231
borealis, Falco, 231
borealis, Platypus, 179
314
INDEX
borealis, Puffinus, 54
borealis, Somateria, 179
borneensis, Aviceda, 196
borneensis, Baza, 196
boschas, Anas, 158
Bostrychia, 135
Botaurinae, 120
Botaurus, 124
bougainvillei, Accipiter, 213
bougainvillei, Astur, 213
bougainvillii, Carbo, 90.
bougainvillii, Phalacrocorax, 90
boucardi, Crypturellus, 19
boucardi, Tinamus, 19
boyciana, Ciconia, 129
boydi, Puffinus, 59
brabournei, Procellaria, 52
brachyptera, Anas, 176
brachypterus, Buteo, 235
brachypterus, Colymbus, 37
brachypterus, Falco, 276
brachyptera, Tachyeres, 176
brachypterus, Poliocephalus, 37
brachyrhynchus, Anser, 148
brachjrrhynchus, Colymbus, 37
brachyrhynchus, Herodias, 112
brachyrhyncha, Mesophoyx, 112
brachyrhynchus, PoUocephalus, 37
brachyurus, Accipiter, 224
brachyurus, Astur, 224
brachyurus, Buteo, 239
bradfieldi, Psammoaetus, 255
branda, Stictonetta, 157
branickii, Nothoprocta, 25
branickii, Theristicus, 136
Branta, 149
brasiliensis, Anas, 165
brasiliensis, Falco, 280
brasiliensis, Polyborus, 280
brasiliensis, Tinamus, 12
braziliensis, Prionochilus, 188
brevicaudus, Puffinus, 56
brevipennis, Falco, 303
brevipennis, Tinnunculus, 303
brevipes, Accipiter, 210
brevipes, Ardea, 105
brevipes, Astur, 210
brevipes, Butorides, 105
brevipes, Procellaria, 66
brevipes, Pterodroma, 66
brevirostris, Crypturellus, 20
brevirostris, Hagedashia, 134
brevirostris, Halietor, 93
brevirostris, Pachyptila, 50
brevirostris, Phalacrocorax, 93
brevirostris. Prion, 50
brevirostris, Procellaria, 63
brevirostris, Scseophsethon, 78
brevirostris, Theristicus, 134
brevirostre, Tigrisoma, 119
brevirostris, Tihamus, 20
brewsteri, Egretta, 113
brewsteri, Leucophoyx, 113
brewsteri, Sula, 85
britannica, Somateria, 179
brittanicus, Falco, 288
brookei, Falco, 289
broomei, Accipiter, 224
brunescens, Ardea, 103
brunnescens, Aix, 171
brunnea, Nyroca, 175
brutus, Accipiter, 216
brutus, Nisus, 216
bryani, Ardetta, 121
bryani, Ixobrychus, 121
Bubulcus, 108
bubulcus, Ardea, 108
buccinator, Cygnus, 144
Bucephala, 177
buchanani, Demigretta, 112
buckleyi, Micrastur, 277
biirgersi, Accipiter, 208
biirgersi, Astur, 208
biittikoferi, Accipiter, 222
buffoni. Circus, 266
buffoni, Falco, 266
bulleri, Diomedea, 44
bulleri, Puffinus, 56
Bulweria, 67
bulwerii, Bulweria, 68
bulwerii, Procellaria, 68
burmana, Aviceda, 197
burmana. Baza, 197
burmanicus, Buteo, 235
burmanicus, Microhierax, 283
burmanicus, Spilornis, 271
buruensis, Accipiter, 215
Busarellus, 245
Butastur, 243
Buteo, 228
buteo, Buteo, 234
buteo, Falco, 234
Buteogallus, 244
buteoides, Accipiter, 207
INDEX
315
buteoides, Astur, 207
Buteoninae, 227
butleri, Accipiter, 212
butleri, Astur, 212
Butorides, 102
byroni, Cookilaria, 66
byroni, Puffinus, 58
byroni, Reinholdia, 58
cabanisi, Heterocnus, 119
cabanisi, Tigrisoma, 119
cachinnans, Falco, 276
cachinnans, Herpetotheres, 276
cserulea, Ardea, 107
caeruleus, Elanus, 192
caeruleus, Falco, 192
ca;rulea, Florida, 107
caerulea, Halobsna, 48
cterulea, Procellaria, 48
cserulescens. Anas, 146
CBerulescens, Chen, 146
cserulescens, Falco, 283
cairulescens, Geranospiza, 268
cserulescens, Harpiprion, 135
caerulescens. Ibis, 135
cserulescens, Microhierax, 283
caerulescens, Sparvius, 268
caesius, Astur, 207.
caesius, Elanus, 192
cahow, ^strelata, 62
cahow, Pterodroma, 62
Cairina, 155
calceolata, Ardea, 109
caledonica, Ardea, 115
caledonicus, Nycticorax, 115
Calherodius, 116
calidus, Falco, 288
californianus, Gymnogyps, 191
calif ornianus, Vultur, 191
californicus, Colymbus, 39
californicus, Pelecanus, 81
californicus, Podiceps, 39
californica, Sula, 83
Caloardea, 116
Calodromas, 28
Calodromus, 28
Calonectris, 53
Calopezus, 28
calurus, Buteo, 231
calvus, Geronticus, 133
calvus, Sarcogyps, 260
calvus, Tantalus, 133
calvus, Vultur, 260
camelus, Struthio, 3
campbelli, Phalacrocorax, 91
campbelli, Phoebetria, 45
campbelli, Urile, 91
Camptorhynchus, 182
cana, Anas, 156
cana, Casarca, 156
canadensis, Anas, 150
canadensis, Aquila, 254
canadensis, Branta, 150
canadensis, Falco, 254
canagica. Anas, 149
canagica, Philacte, 149
canariensis, Cerchneis, 300
canariensis, Falco, 300
cancrivorus, Buteogallus, 245
cancrivorus, Nycticorax, 116
cancrivora, Urubitinga, 245
candicans, Falco, 286
candidissima, Ardea, 113
candidus, Anser, 155
candidus, Ibis, 126
Candida, Procellaria, 67
canescens, Accipiter, 210
canescens, Astur, 210
capensis, Anas, 164
capensis, Ardea, 124
capensis, Botaurus, 124
capensis, Daption, 47
capensis, Dysporus, 82
capensis, Morus, 82
capensis, Pelecanus, 88
capensis, Phalacrocorax, 88
capensis, Podiceps, 37
capensis, Poliocephalus, 37
capensis, Procellaria, 47
capensis, Rhynchaspis, 169
capensis, Spatula, 169
capillatus, Carbo, 88
capillatus, Phalacrocorax, 88
caquetse. Crypt urellus, 18
caquetse, Crypturus, 18
carbo, Pelecanus, 87
carbo, Phalacrocorax, 87
carbonarius, Puffinus, 54
carcinophilus, Butorides, 106
carcinophonus, Butorides, 106
caribsearum, Falco, 303
caribbsea, Pterodroma, 62
carlo, Cerchneis, 300
carlo, Falco, 300
316
INDEX
carneipes, Puffinus, 54
carneirostris, Anser, 147
caroli, Crypturus, 21
carolinensis, Anas, 164
carolinensis, Falco, 275
carolinensis, Pandion, 275
carolinensis, Pelecanus, 81
Carphibis, 132
carterae, Podiceps, 36
carteri, Aquila, 256
carteri, Demigretta, 112
carteri, Thalassogeron, 44
carunculata, Anas, 155
carunculata, Bostrychia, 135
carunculata, Ibis, 135
carunculatus, Pelecanus, 91
carunculatus, Phalacrocorax, 91
carunculatus, Phalcoboenus, 280
carunculata, Sarkidiornis, 155
carunculatus, Theristicus, 135
caryophyllacea. Anas, 170
caryophyllacea, Rhodonessa, 170
Casarca, 156
casarca, Anas, 156
casiquiare, Crypturellus, 23
casiquiare, Crypturornis, 23
Casmerodius, 109
Cassinaetus, 250
cassini, Falco, 290
castanea, Anas, 163
castaneus, Crypturellus, 16
castanea, Mareca, 163
castaneus, Tinamus, 16
castaneiceps, Tinamus, 13
castanilius, Accipiter, 210
castanonotus, Hypotriorchis, 282
castanonotus, Polihierax, 282
castor, Mergus, 186
castro, Oceanodroma, 73
castro, Thalassidroma, 73
Casuariidae, 5
Casuariiformes, 5
Casuarius, 5
casuarius, Casuarius, 5
casuarius, Struthio, 5
catesbyi, Phaethon, 79
catingae, Rhynchotus, 23
Cathartae, 189
Cathartes, 190
Cathartidae, 189
cathartoides, Buteogallus, 244
caucse, Cerchneis, 304
caucse, Crypturellus, 18
caucse, Crypturus, 18
caucse, Falco, 304
caucasicus, Accipiter, 207
caucasicus, Falco, 289
caudatus, Scolopax, 136
caudatus, Theristicus, 136
cauta, Diomedea, 44
cayennensis, Ardea, 117
cayennensis, Falco, 199
cayennensis, Mesembrinibis, 136
cayennensis, Nyctanassa, 117
cayennensis, Tantalus, 136
cearse, Cerchneis, 305
cearae, Falco, 305
celebensis, Aviceda, 196
celebensis. Baza, 196
celebensis. Circus, 265
celebensis, Pernis, 199
cenchroides, Accipiter, 211
cenchroides, Astur, 211
cenchroides, Falco, 301
centralasiae, Falco, 292
centralasiae, Hypotriorchis, 292
centralia, leracidea, 306
Centropelma, 40
ceramensis, Accipiter, 224
ceramensis, Nisus, 224
Cerchneis, 298.
Cercibis, 136
Cereopsinae, 145
Cereopsis, 145
cernuus, Circus, 264
cervicalis, (Estrelata, 65
cervicalis, Pterodroma, 65
cerviniventris, Crypturellus, 16
cerviniventris, Crypturus, 16
ceylanensis, Falco, 250
ceylanensis, Spizaetus, 250
ceylonensis, Aviceda, 195
ceylonensis. Baza, 195
chalconotus, Graculus, 91
chalconotus, Phalacrocorax, 91
chantrei, Anhinga, 94
chantrei, Plotus, 94
chapmani, Herpetotheres, 276
chapmani, Oceanodroma, 74
chathamensis, Pelecanoides, 76
Chaulelasmus, 168
Chauna, 142
chavaria, Chauna, 142
chavaria, Parra, 142
INDEX
317
cheela, Falco, 271
cheela, Spilornis, 271
Chelictinia, 193
Chen, 145
Cheniscus, 171
Chenonetta, 152
Chenopis, 144
cheriway, Falco, 280
cheriway, Polyborus, 280
cherrug, Falco, 285
chicquera, Falco, 296
chilensis, Accipiter, 218
chilensis, Colymbus, 38
chilensis, Oceanites, 68
chilensis, Phoenicopterus, 141
chilensis, Podiceps, 38
chimachima, Milvago, 279
chimachima, Polyborus, 279
chimaera, Casuarius, 7
chimango, Milvago, 279
chimango, Polyborus, 279
chionogaster, Accipiter, 221
chionogaster, Nisus, 221
chionophara, ^Estrelata, 64
chionoptera, Diomedea, 42
chirimotanus, Crypturellus, 17
chirimotanus, Crypturus, 17
Chloephaga, 151
chlororhynchos, Diomedea, 44
chlororhynchus, Puffinus, 55
chlorotis. Anas, 162
Chondrohierax, 200
chorassanicus, Accipiter, 211
chorassanicus, Astur, 211
christian!, Colymbus, 39
christian!, Podiceps, 39
christiani-ludovici, Falco, 295
christophorensis, Butorides, 103
chrysaetos, Aquila, 253
chrysaetos, Falco, 253
chrysocome, Catarrhactes, 31
chrysolophus, Catarhactes, 32
chrysolophus, Eudyptes, 32
chrysostoma, Diomedea, 45
chubbi, Oceanites, 71
Ciconia, 129
ciconia, Ardea, 129
ciconia, Ciconia, 129
Ciconiae, 126
Ciconiidae, 126
Ciconiiformes, 97
Ciconiinae, 127
Ciconioidea, 126
Cinathisma, 53
cincinatus, Carbo, 86
cincinatus, Phalacrocorax, 86
cinerascens, Circaetus, 270
cinerascens, Nothoprocta, 25
cinerascens, Nothura, 25
cinereiceps, Neohierax, 284
cinereiceps, Polihierax, 284
cinereus, Adamastor, 51
cinerea, Ardea, 99
cinerea, Asturia, 240
cinereus, Circaetus, 270
cinereus. Circus, 266
cinereus, Crypturellus, 16
cinereus, Ibis, 127
cinerea, Procellaria, 51
cinereus, Sparverius, 214
cinereus, Tantalus, 127
cinereus, Tetrao, 16
cinnamomea, Ardea, 122
cinnamomeus, Crypturellus, 21
cinnamomeus, Gyps, 261
cinnamomeus, Ixobrychus, 122
cinnamomeus, Tinamus, 21
cinnamominus, Falco, 305
Circaetinae, 269
Circaetus, 269
Circinae, 264
circumcinctus, Harpagus, 281
circumcinctus, Ibycter, 280
circumcinctus, Spiziapteryx, 281
Circus, 264
cirrhatus, Falco, 250
cirrhatus, Limnaetops, 248
cirrhatus, Spizaetus, 250
cirrhocephalus, Accipiter, 224
cirrhocephalus, Sparvius, 224
cirriger, Phalacrocorax, 91
cirtensis, Buteo, 230
cirtensis, Falco, 230
Cladornithidae, 34
damans, Haliaetos, 257
damans, Haliseetus, 257
Clamosocircus, 277
clanga, Aquila, 255
Clangocycnus, 143
Clangula, 178
clangula. Anas, 177
clangula, Bucephala, 177
claudii, Casuarius, 7
cloatesi, Podiceps, 37
318
INDEX
cloatesi, Poliocephalus, 37
clypeata, Anas, 169
clypeata, Spatula, 169
cochlearia, Cancroma, 125
cochlearius, Cochlearius, 125
Cochlearius, 125
Cochleariidae, 125
cocoi, Ardea, 101
cognata, Ardea, 100
colensoi, Phalacrocorax, 91
collaris, Accipiter, 219
collaris, Anas, 174
collaris, Nyroca, 174
collaris, Procellaria, 75
colombiana, Merganetta, 188
colonus, Buteo, 228
colorata, Dichromanassa, 109
columbarius, Falco, 296
columbianus. Anas, 144
columbianus, Crypturellus, 22
columbianus, Crypturus, 22
columbianus, Cygnus, 144
columbianus, Theristicus, 136
Colymbidae, 35
Colymbiformes, 35
Colymbus, 38
communis, Falco, 287
conboschas. Anas, 159
concolor, Demigretta, 111
concolor, Falco, 293
confusus, Accipiter, 223
confusus, Crypturellus, 19
confusus, Crypturus, 19
confusa, Pagodroma, 67
connectens, Butorides, 106
conspectus, Buteo, 237
conspecta, Rupomis, 237
conspicillatus, Pelecanus, 80
conspicillata, Procellaria, 52
cookii, Procellaria, 65
cookii, Pterodroma, 65
cooktowni, Accipiter, 214
cooktowni, Astur, 214
cooktowni, Demigretta, 112
coongani, Aquila, 252
cooperii, Accipiter, 217
cooperii, Falco, 217
coppingeri, Pelecanoides, 76
coprotheres, Gyps, 261
coprotheres, Vultur, 261
coquimbica, Nothoprocta, 26
Coragyps, 190
cordatus, Milvago, 279
cornuta, Anhima, 142
cornuta, Palamedea, 142
cornuta, Pseudotadorna, 158
coromanda, Cancroma, 108
coromandeliana, Anas, 171
coromandelianus, Cheniscus, 171
coromandus, Bubulcus, 108
coronatus, Falco, 251
coronatus, Harpyhaliaetus, 246
coronata, Harpyia, 246
coronatus, Stephanoaetus, 251
Coryornis, 228
Coscoroba, 155
coscoroba. Anas, 156
coscoroba, Coscoroba, 156
costaricensis, Asturina, 241
costaricensis, Buteo, 232
costaricensis, Crypturellus, 19
costaricensis, Crypturus, 19
costaricensis, Leucopternis, 241
couesi, Chaulelasmus, 169
couesi, Oceanites, 72
crassirostris, Nycticorax, 115
crassirostris, Pachyptila, 50
crassirostris, Pseudoprion, 50
crawfordi, Butorides, 105
creatopus, Puffinus, 54
crecca. Anas, 164
crestata, Aptenodytes, 31
crestatus, Eudyptes, 31
crispus, Pelecanus, 80
cristata, Anas, 165
cristatus, Colsrmbus, 39
cristata, Lophotibis, 138
cristata, Palamedea, 142
cristatus, Pandion, 275
cristata, Pseudotadorna, 157
cristatus, Tantalus, 138
cruentus, Accipiter, 216
cruentus, Astur, 216
crumenifera, Ciconia, 131
crumeniferus, Leptoptilos, 131
cryptoleucura, Cymochorea, 73
cryptoleucura, Oceanodroma, 73
Crypturella, 15
Crypturellus, 15
Crypturornis, 15
Crypturus, 15
Ctenanas, 152
cubanensis, Buteo, 236
cubanus, Butorides, 103
INDEX
319
cucuUata, Ardea, 116
cucullatus, Lophodytes, 186
cucuUatus, Mergus, 186
cuculoides, Aviceda, 195
Cuncuma, 257
cuneatus, Pufl&nus, 55
cupreipennis, Lampribis, 134
cupreipennis, Theristicus, 134
curacensis, Butorides, 104
curtus, Anser, 148
Cuvieria, 291
cuvierii, Falco, 293
curvirostris, Nothoprocta, 25
cyanescens, Falco, 292
cyaneus, Circus, 264
cyaneus, Falco, 264
cyanocephala, Ardea, 115
cyanocephalus, Nycticorax, 115
Cyanochen, 152
cyanoleuca, Cinathisma, 58
cyanoptera, Anas, 162
cyanoptera, Bernicla, 152
cyanopterus, Cyanochen, 152
cyanura, Ardea, 105
cyanurus, Butorides, 105
Cygninae, 143
cygnoid, Anas, 149
cygnoid, Cygnopsis, 149
Cygnopsis, 148
Cygnus, 143
cygnus, Anas, 143
cygnus, Cygnus, 143
Cymochorea, 72
Cymodroma, 70
Cymindes, 201
Cyphornithidae, 82
Cyrtopelicanus, 80
dabbenena, Diomedea, 42
dacotiae, Falco, 300
Dafila, 158, 159
dactylatra, Sula, 83
dacunhse, Pelecanoides, 76
dampieri, Accipiter, 213
dampieri, Nyroca, 175
dampieri, Urospizias, 213
daphanea, Aquila, 253
Daption, 47
Daptrius, 278
darwinii, Nothura, 27
darwinii, Rhea, 5
davisoni, Geronticus, 132
davisoni, Pseudibis, 132
davisoni, Spilornis, 271
decepta, Gypoictinia, 204
deckeni, Poliohierax, 282
defilippiana, ^Estrelata, 65
defilippiana, Pterodroma, 65
degens, Butorides, 105
deglandi, Melanitta, 181
deglandi, Oedemia, 181
deiroleucus, Falco, 291
demersa, Diomedea, 33
demersus, Spheniscus, 33
Demigretta, 111
Dendrocygna, 152
Dendrocygninae, 152
Dendronessa, 171
derbyi, Plotus, 95
deserticola, Cerchneis, 302
deserticola, Falco, 302
desmarestii, Carbo, 89
desmarestii, Phalacrocorax, 89
desolata, Pachyptila, 49
desolata, Procellaria, 49
desolationis, Diomedea, 44
desolationis, Thalassogeron, 44
devillei, Spizaetus, 248
diazi, Anas, 161
Dichromanassa, 109
dichrous, Puffinus, 60
dickeyi, Dichromanassa, 109
dickinsoni, Falco, 297
didimus, Accipiter, 215
didimus, Astur, 215
diemenianus, Casuarius, 10
diemenianus, Dromiceius, 10
diemenensis, Dromaeus, 10
diemenensis, Dromiceius, 10
dimorpha, Egretta, 111
Dinornithidae, 11
Dinornithiformes, 11
diodon, Falco, 201
diodon, Harpagus, 201
Diomedea, 41
diomedea, Procellaria, 54
diomedea, Puffinus, 54
Diomedeidae, 41
Diomedella, 41
Diplura, 126
Dipluravis, 126
direptor, Buteo, 237
direptor, Rupornis, 237
discolor, Dendrocygna, 153
320
INDEX
discors, Anas, 162
disneyi, Ardeiralla, 124
dispar, Bernicla, 151
dispar, Chloephaga, 151
dissimilis, Crypturellus, 22
dissimilis, Crypturus, 22
Dissodectes, 297
Dissoura, 128
distincta, Cerchneis, 304
distinctus, Falco, 304
distinguendus, H3rpotriorchis, 292
dixoni, Oedemia, 181
dixoni, Melanitta, 181
dorriesi, Cerchneis, 299
don-iesi, Falco, 299
doggetti, Casuarius, 8
domesticus, Anser, 146
dominicanus, Butorides, 103
dominicensis, Falco, 303
dominica, Anas, 184
dominicus, Colymbus, 37
dominicus, Nomonyx, 184
dominicus, Poliocephalus, 37
doriae, Erythrotriorchis, 225
doriae, Megatriorchis, 225
dorothese, Phaethon, 79
dovei, Macronectes, 46
dresseri, Somateria, 179
Dromiceiidae, 9
Dromiceius, 9
Dromornithidae, 11
drummondi. Circus, 267
drygalskii, Anas, 166
Dryotriorchis, 274
dubia, Ardea, 130
dubius, Ixobrychus, 120
dubius, Leptoptilos, 130
dubius, Pterodroma, 64
dulcisD, Pelagodroma, 69
Dupetor, 123
dussumieri, Accipiter, 211
dussumieri, Falco, 211
dydimus, Priofinus, 52
dydimus. Spatula, 170
dyotti, Sula, 82
eatoni. Anas, 166
eatoni, Pachyptila, 50
eatoni, Pseudoprion, 50
eatoni, Querquedula, 166
ecaudatus, Falco, 269
ecaudatus, Terathopius, 269
ecuadoriensis, Buteo, 238
ecuadoriensis, Rupornis, 238
edwardsi, Casuarius, 7
edwardsii, Puffinus, 54
Egretta, 110
egretta, Ardea, 110
egretta, Casmerodius, 110
eichhorni, Accipiter, 214
Eider, 179
eidos, Falco, 305
Elaninae, 192
Elanoides, 194
Elanus, 192
elasson, Gavia, 35
elegans, Buteo, 233, 240
elegans, Eudromia, 29
elegans, Puffinus, 59
eleonoriB, Falco, 293
elgini, Haematornis, 273
elgini, Spilornis, 273
emini. Baza, 195
Enaliornithidae, 3
Ephippiorhynchus, 130
episcopus, Ardea, 128
episcopus, Dissoura, 128
epomophora, Diomedea, 42
eremica, Cerchneis, 302
eremica, Falco, 302
eremita, Comatibis, 133
eremita, Diomedea, 44
eremita, Geronticus, 133
eremita, Thalassarche, 44
eremita, Upupa, 133
eremonomus, Butorides, 103
erlangeri, Falco, 284
eriangeri. Gyps, 261
erlangeri, Hagedashia, 135
ernesti, Falco, 289
erubescens, Phaethon, 78
Er3rthocnus, 107
erythrauchen, Accipiter, 224
erythrofrons, Daedalion, 200
erythrogonys, Hierax, 283
erythrogonys, Microhierax, 283
erythromelas, Ardea, 122
erythromelas, Ixobrychus, 122
erythronemius, Accipiter, 222
erythronemius, Nisus, 222
erythrophthalma. Anas, 175
erythrophthalma, Nyroca, 175
Erythropus, 297
erythropus, Accipiter, 222
INDEX
321
erythropus, Anas, 147
erythropus, Anser, 147
erythropus, Crypturellus, 22
erythropus, Falco, 297
erythropus, Nisus, 222
erythropus, Tinamus, 22
erythrorhyncha, Anas, 167
erythrorhjmchos, Pelecanus, 80
Erythrotriorchis, 225
etesiaca, Sula, 85
eudiabolus, Accipiter, 209
Eudromia, 28
Eudromias, 28
Eudyptes, 31
Eudyptula, 32
Eufalco, 287
Eulabelia, 148
eulophotes, Egretta, 111
eulophotes, Herodias, 111
Eunetta, 158
Euolor, 143
eurhythma, Ardetta, 122
eurhythmus, Ixobrychus, 122
Eutriorchis, 274
Euxenura, 129
exasperatus, Oceanites, 68
excellens, Tigrisoma, 118
exiguus, Tachytriorchis, 228
exilis, Ardea, 122
exihs, Ixobrychus, 122
eximius, Thalassogeron, 44
exitiosus, Accipiter, 218
exsul, Buteo, 230
exsul Pelecanoides, 77
exulans, Diomedea, 42
eytoni, Dendrocygna, 154
eytoni, Leptotarsis, 154
externa, (Estrelata, 65
externa, Pterodroma, 65
extimus, Buteo, 233
fabalis. Anas, 147
fabalis, Anser, 147
faeroeensis, Somateria, 180
falcata. Anas, 165
falcinellus, Plegadis, 138
falcinellus, Tantalus, 138
Falco, 284, 291
Falcones, 192
Falconidae, 276
Falconiformes, 189
Falconinae, 284
Falconoidea, 192
falklandica, Catharista, 191
falklandica, Cathartes, 191
falklandicus, Nycticorax, 115
falklandica, Pagodroma, 67
fallai, Pach3rptila, 50
fannini, Ardea, 99
fasciatus, Accipiter, 216
fasciatus, Astur, 216
fasciata, Aquila, 251
fasciata, Ardea, 119
fasciatus, Harpagus, 200
fasciatus, Hieraaetus, 251
fasciatus, Rhynchotus, 23
fasciatum, Tigrisoma, 119
fasciicauda, Milvus, 202
fasciinucha, Falco, 291
fasciolatus, Circaetus, 270
feae, QEstrelata, 64
feae, Pterodroma, 64
featherstoni, Phalacrocorax, 90
feldeggii, Falco, 285
femoralis, Falco, 294
ferghanensis, Milvus, 203
ferina. Anas, 174
ferina, Nyroca, 174
ferinoides, Nyroca, 174
fernandensis, Cerchneis, 305
fernandensis, Falco, 305
ferruginea. Anas, 156
ferruginea, Casarca, 156
ferruginea, Erismatura, 185
ferruginea, Oxyura, 185
fidens, Accipiter, 217
fieldi, Cerchneis, 301
fieldi, Falco, 301
filholi, Eudyptes, 31
firasa, Ardea, 99
fischeri, Arctonetta, 180
fischeri, Fuligula, 180
fistularis, Mareca, 167
fitzroi, Carphibis, 132
flavicollis, Ardea, 123
flavicoUis, Dupetor, 123
flavipes, Platalea, 140
flavipes, Platibis, 140
flavipes, Spheniscus, 33
flavirostris. Anas, 166
flavirostris, Notophoyx, 102
flavirostris, Procellaria, 54
flavirostris, Pufiinus, 54
fiindersi, Tadorna, 157
322
INDEX
Florida, 107
floridanus, Carbo, 86
floridana, Haliaeetus, 257
floridanus, Phalacrocorax, 86
floris, Limnaetus, 250
floris, Spizaetus, 250
floweri, Spilornis, 272
fluvialis, Pandion, 275
foesteri, Casuarius, 8
foetens, Coragyps, 190
foetens, Cathartes, 190
fokiensis, Spizaetus, 248
forbesi, Odontriorchis, 199
forficatus, Elanoides, 194
forficatus, Faico, 194
formosa. Anas, 164
formosus, Calopezus, 28
formosa, Eudromia, 28
formosus, Hieraaetus, 252
formosanus, Milvus, 204
forsteri, Aptenodytes, 30
forsteri, Macronectes, 46
forsteri, Pachyptila, 48
forsteri, Procellaria, 48
fortunatus, Puffinus, 54
frasnata, Merganetta, 189
francesii, Accipiter, 216
frantzii, Nothocercus, 15
frantzii, Tinamus, 15
frazari, Ardea, 103
frazari, Butorides, 103
Fregata, 95
Fregatae, 95
Fregatidae, 95
Fregetta, 69
Fregettornis, 69
fringillarius, Falco, 283
fringiliarius, Microhierax, 283
fringilloides, Accipiter, 221
fruitii, Falco, 289
fucosa, Aquila, 256
fiillebornii, Pseudogyps, 262
fujiyamse, Astur, 208
fujiyamse, Accipiter, 208
fuliginosa, Diomedea, 45
Fuligula, 173
fuligula. Anas, 174
fuligula, Nyroca, 174
Fulmarinae, 46
Fulmariprion, 48
Fulmarus, 47
fulvescens. Gyps, 261
fulvescens, Herpetotheres, 276
fulvescens, Nothoprocta, 25
fulvigula. Anas, 161
fulva, Aquila, 253
fulvus, Falco, 253
fulvus. Gyps, 261
fulvus, Phaethon, 79
fulvus, Vultur, 261
fumosus, Buteo, 232
fiunosus, Crypturellus, 16
fumosus, Crypturus, 16
furcata, Oceanodroma, 75
furcata, Procellaria, 75
furvicollis, Potamolegus, 239
fusca. Anas, 181
fusca, Diomedea, 45
fusca, Melanitta, 181
fuscus, Pelecanus, 81
fusca, Phoebetria, 45
fuscescens, Hydrocorax, 90
fuscescens, Phalacrocorax, 90
fuscieoUis, Phalacrocorax, 88
fuscipennis, Nothocercus, 14
fuscipennis, Tinamus, 13
fuscocaerulescens, Falco, 294
gabar, Falco, 226
gabar, Melierax, 226
gaimardi, Pelecanus, 91
gaimardi, Phalacrocorax, 91
galapagensis. Anas, 167
galapagensis, Poecilonetta, 167
galapagoensis, Buteo, 232
galapagoensis, Oceanites, 69
galapagoensis, Polyborus, 232
galeata, Ardea, 129
galeata, Euxenura, 129
galericulata. Anas, 171
galericulata, Dendronessa, 171
galliae, Accipiter, 219
gallicus, Circaetus, 270
gallicus, Falco, 270
gallinarum, Accipiter, 206
gaUinarum, Astur, 206
gambelli, Anser, 147
gambensis. Anas, 145
gambensis, Plectropterus, 145
Gampsonyx, 281
garleppi, Crypturellus, 20
garleppi, Crypturus, 20
garleppi, Merganetta, 188
garleppi, Pterocnemia, 5
INDEX
323
garnotii, Pelecanoides, 75
garnotii, Priocella, 51
garnotii, Puffinuria, 75
Garrodia, 71
garzetta, Ardea, 110
garzetta, Egretta, 110
Gavia, 34
gavia, Procellaria, 57
Gaviidae, 34
Gaviiformes, 34
gentilis, Accipiter, 206
gentilis, Falco, 206
georgi, Cereopsis, 145
georgianus, Phalacrocorax, 92
georgica, Anas, 166
georgica, Pelecanoides, 76
georgicus, Pelecanoides, 75
Geranoaetus, 227
Geranospiza, 268
germanicus, Falco, 288
Geronticus, 133
ghiesbreghti, Buteo, 241
ghiesbreghti, Leucopternis, 241
gibberifrons, Anas, 163
gigantea, Ibis, 133
giganteus, Macronectes, 46
gigantea, Procellaria, 46
gigantea, Thaumatibis, 133
gigas, Podilymbus, 41
gilberti, Ardea, 98
gilvicollis, Micrastur, 278
gilvicollis, Sparvius, 278
ginginianus, Neophron, 263
ginginianus, Vultur, 263
girrenera, Haliaetus, 205
girrenera, Haliastur, 205
glacialis. Anas, 178
glacialis, Fulmarus, 47
glacialis, Procellaria, 47
godmani, Pufiinus, 59
goisagi, Gorsachius, 117
goisagi, Nycticorax, 117
goldmani, Crypturellus, 21
goldmani, Crypturus, 21
goliath, Ardea, 98
goodfellowi, Casuarius, 7
Gorsachius, 117
gouldi, Jilstrelata, 61
gouldi, Ardetta, 123
gouldi, Circus, 267
gouldi, Dupetor, 123
gouldi, Pachyptila, 48
gouldi, Prion, 48
gouldi, Pterodroma, 61
govinda, Milvus, 203
gracemeri, Phalacrocorax, 88
gracilis. Anas, 163
gracilis, Buteo, 237
gracilis, Falco, 268, 302, 305
gracilis, Geranospiza, 268
gracilis, Oceanites, 68
gracUis, Rupornis, 237
gracilis, Thalassidroma, 68
graculus, Phalacrocorax, 89
graecus, Astur, 210
grallaria, Fregetta, 70
grallaria, Procellaria, 70
grandis, Gypaetus, 263
granti, Accipiter, 219
granti, Sula, 84
grantianus, Neonectris, 56
graueri, Gymnogenys, 269
gravis, Procellaria, 55
gravis, Puffinus, 55
grayii, Ardea, 108
grayii, Ardeola, 108
grenadensis, Butorides, 104
grisea, Procellaria, 56
grisegena, Colymbus, 40
griseiceps, Accipiter, 217
griseiceps, Astur, 217
griseiventris, Crypturus, 17
griseiventris, Crypturellus, 17
griseus, Puffinus, 56
griseocauda, Buteo, 237
griseocauda, Rupornis, 237
griseogularis, Accipiter, 213
griseogularis, Astur, 213
gryphus, Vultur, 189
Guara, 137
guarauna, Plegadis, 138
guarauna, Scolopax, 138
guatemalensis, Cerchneis, 302
guatemalensis, Daptrius, 278
guatemalensis, Ibycter, 278
guerilla, Micrastur, 278
guianensis, Falco, 246
guianensis, Morphnus, 246
guianensis, Odontriorchis, 199
guineensis, Hagedashia, 134
gularis, Accipiter, 223
gularis, Ardea, 111
gularis, Astur, 223
gularis, Asturina, 239
SM
INDEX
gularis, Buteo, 239
gularis, Demigretta, 111
gunax, Puffinus, 60
gundlachi, Accipiter, 217
gimdlachii, Buteogallus, 245
gundlachii, Hypomorphnus, 245
gunni, Dromiceius, 10
gurneyi, Aquila, 250
gurneyi, Aviceda, 197
gurneyi, Baza, 197
gurneyi, Colymbus, 39
gurneyi, Proctopus, 39
gurneyi, Spizaetus, 250
guttata, Dendrocygna, 154
guttatus, Sparvius, 218
guttatus, Tinamus, 14
guttifer, Accipiter, 218
guttulata, Dendrocygna, 154
Gymnogenys, 268
Gymnogyps, 191
Gypaetus, 263
Gypohierax, 263
Gyps, 261
haastii, Apteryx, 12
Haematornis, 270
haesitandus, Spilospizias, 210
hsesitata, Accipiter, 224
hsesitata, Procellaria, 51
hagenbecki, Casuarius, 9
hagedash, Hagedashia, 135
hagedash, Tantalus, 135
Hagedashia, 134
hakodate, Puffinus, 54
Haliseetus, 257
haliaetus, Falco, 275
halisetus, Pandion, 275
Halietor, 93
Haliastur, 204
halli, Aptenodytes, 30
halli, Macronectes, 46
Halobsena, 47
Halocyptena, 75
hamatus, Falco, 202
hamatus, Helicolestes, 202
hamiltoni, Anseranas, 145
hamiltoni, Casuarius, 6
hamiltoni, Puffinus, 55
Hamirostra, 204
hanedae, Phalacrocarax, 87
hanieli, Falco, 293
haplochrous, Accipiter, 215
haringtoni. Anas, 160
haringtoni, Polionetta, 160
harlani, Buteo, 232
harlani, Falco, 232
Harpa, 287
Harpagus, 200
Harpe, 287
Harpia, 246
Harpiprion, 135
Harpyhalisetus, 245
harpy j a, Harpia, 246
harpyja, Vultur, 246
Harpyopsis, 247
harrisi, Buteo, 240
harrisi, Nannopterum, 94
harrisi, Parabuteo, 240
harrisi, Phalacrocorax, 94
harterti, Buteo, 234
harterti. Circus, 266
harterti, Crypturellus, 18
harterti, Crypturus, 18
harterti, Falco, 288
harterti, Milvus, 202
harterti, Thalassogeron, 45
hartlaubi, Nisus, 222
hartlaubii, Pteronetta, 172
hartlaubii, Querquedula, 172
hasitata, Procellaria, 61
hasitata, Pterodroma, 61
hastata, Aquila, 256
hastatus, Morphnus, 256
hecki, Casuarius, 7
heinrothi, Puffinus, 57
heliaca, Aquila, 254
Helicolestes, 202
heliosylus, Ardea, 118
heliosylus, Zonerodius, 118
hellmayri, Accipiter, 215
hellmayri, Crypturellus, 22
hellmayri, Crypturus, 22
helva, Dendrocygna, 153
Hemigarzetta, 111
hemilasius, Buteo, 230
Hemipuffinus, 53
Hemisula, 83
henicogrammus, Accipiter, 215
henicogrammus, Astur, 215
Henicopernis, 198
henstii, Accipiter, 208
henstii, Astur, 208
heraldica, ^Estrelata, 63
heraldica, Pterodroma, 63
INDEX
325
herodias, Ardea, 99
Herpetotheres, 276
Herpetotherinae, 276
hesperis, Ixobrychus, 122
Hesperornithidae, 3
Hesperornithiformes, 3
Heterocnus, 119
Heteronetta, 172
Heteroprion, 48
Heterospizias, 226
hibemicus, Accipiter, 219
Hieraaetus, 251
Hierofalco, 284
hilgerti, Accipiter, 225
Mlli, Nycticorax, 115
himalayensis, Gyps, 261
hiogaster, Accipiter, 213
hiogaster, Falco, 213
Histrionicus, 178
histrionica. Anas, 178
histrionicus, Histrionicus, 178
hoactli, Ardea, 114.
hoactli, Nycticorax, 114
hoffmannsi, Crypturellus, 18
hoffmannsi, Crypturus, 18
holboUii, Colymbus, 40
holbollii, Podiceps, 40
holmbergianus, Micraetus, 199
holospilus, Buteo, 274
holospilus, Spilornis, 274
homeyeri, Aquila, 253
homochroa, Cymochorea, 74
homochroa, Oceanodroma, 74
homopterus, Polihierax, 282
Horizonetta, 158
hornbyi, Oceanodroma, 74
hornbyi, Thalassidroma, 74
horsbrughi, Falco, 297
howei, Pelagodroma, 69
howensis, Puffinus, 58
hoya, Spilornis, 272
hrota. Anas, 149
hrota, Branta, 149
hudsonius, Circus, 265
hudsonius, Falco, 265
huUi, Neonectris, 56
hullianus, Puffinus, 55
humbloti, Ardea, 98
humbloti. Circus, 267
humboldti, Spheniscus, 33
hutchinsii, Anser, 150
hutchinsii, Branta, 160
huttoni, Phalacrocorax, 91
huttoni, Phoebetria, 46
huttoni, Pseudoprion, 50
huttoni, Puffinus, 57
hybrida, Anas, 152
hybrida, Chloephaga, 152
Hydranassa, 113
Hydrobates, 72
Hydrobatidae, 68
hyemalis. Anas, 178
hyemalis, Clangula, 178
Hymenolaimus, 183
hyperboreus, Anser, 146
hyperborea, Chen, 146
hyperonca, Ardea, 99
hypernotius, Butorides, 104
hypoleucus, Elanus, 193
hypoleucos, Falco, 294
hypoleuca, (Estrelata, 66
hypoleuca, Pelagodroma, 69
hypoleuca, Pterodroma, 66
hypoleuca, Thalassidroma, 69
Hypomorphnus, 244
hypospodius, Buteo, 228
Ibis, 126
ibis, Ardea, 108
ibis, Bubulcus, 108
ibis, Ibis, 127
ibis, Tantalus, 127
icasopterus, Butorides, 106
ichthysetus, Falco, 259
ichthysetus, Ichyophaga, 259
Ichthyornithidae, 3
Ichthyornithiformes, 3
Icthyophaga, 259
Ictinia, 201
Ictinaetus, 256
Ictiniastur, 204
idae, Ardea, 108
idae, Ardeola, 108
idoneus, Crypturellus, 21
idoneus, Crypturus, 21
leracidea, 305
ignoscens, Melierax, 226
imber, Colymbus, 34
imitator, Accipiter, 214
immaculata, Egretta, 111
immaculata, Herodias, 111
immer, Colymbus, 35
immer, Gavia, 35
immutabilis, Diomedea, 43
326
INDEX
impavida, Thalassarche, 43
imperialis, Ardea, 98
incerta, Procellaria, 62
incerta, Pterodroma, 62
Indiana, Spatula, 169
indica, Anas, 148
indicus, Butastur, 243
indica, Eulabeia, 148
indicus, Falco, 243
indicus, Gyps, 261
indicus, Phaethon, 78
indicus. Phaeton, 78
indicus, Phalacrocorax, 87
indicus, Vultur, 261
indus, Falco, 205
indus, Haliastur, 205
inexpectatus. Circus, 267
inexpectata, Procellaria, 63
inexpectata, Pterodroma, 63
inexpectatus, Tinamus, 13
infaustus, Nycticorax, 114
infuscatus, Colymbus, 39
infuscata, Henicopernis, 198
infuscata. Ibis, 137
infuscatus, Phimosus, 137
infuscatus, Podiceps, 39
ingoufi, Tinamotis, 29
innotata, Nyroca, 175
innominatus, Fregettomis, 70
inops, Crypturellus, 23
inornatus, Crypturellus, 21
inornatus, Crypturus, 21
insidiatrix, Buteo, 238
insidiatrix, Rupornis, 238
insignis, ^salon, 295
insignis, Ardea, 98
insignis, Falco, 295
insignis, Neohierax, 284
insignis, Polihierax, 284
insularis, Astur, 211, 216
insularum, Buteo, 234
insularis, Cathartes, 190
insularis, Fregetta, 70
insularis, Fregettornis, 70
insularis, Thalassornis, 183
insulicola, Buteo, 237
intensus, Casuarius, 7
intercedens, Nothocercus, 15
interjectus, Eudyptes, 31
intermedius, Accipiter, 222
intermedia, Ardea, 112
intermedius, Buteo, 235
intermedius, Calopezus, 28
intermedius, Casuarius, 7
intermedia, Cerchneis, 304
intermedius, Eudromia, 28
intermedius, Falco, 304
intermedius, Haliastur, 205
intermedia, Mesophoyx, 112
intermedia, Platalea, 140
intermedius, PufRnus, 56
intermedia, Rhea, 4
interstes, Micrastur, 278
interstinctus, Falco, 299
involucris, Ardea, 122
involucris, Ixobrychus, 122
iowensis, Buteo, 236
iraquensis, Podiceps, 36
iraquensis, Poliocephalus, 36
iredalei, Eudyptula, 32
iredalei, Fregata, 97
iredali, Puffinus, 55
irkutensis, Hypotriorchis, 291
irrorata, Diomedea, 43
isabeUinus, Falco, 303
isidori, Falco, 247
isidori, Oroaetus, 247
islandica, Anas, 177
islandica, Bucephala, 177
islandicus, Cygnus, 143
islandus, Falco, 286
isura, Lophoictinia, 204
isurus, Milvus, 204
Ixobrychus, 120
Jabiru, 130
jakutensis, Hypotriorchis, 291
jamaicensis, Anas, 184
jamaicensis, Buteo, 231
jamaicensis, Falco, 231
jamaicensis, Oxyura, 184
jamaicensis, Procellaria, 62
jamesi, Phoenicoparrus, 142
jamesi, Phoenicopterus, 142
jamrachi, Casuarius, 9
jankowskii, Cygnus, 143
januaria, Fregata, 97
japonensis, Falco, 299
japonica, Aquila, 254
japonicus, Buteo, 235
japonicus, Falco, 235, 299
japonicus, Pernis, 198
japonicus, Podiceps, 36
japonicus, Poliocephalus, 36
INDEX
327
javana, Icthyophaga, 259
javanica, Anas, 153
javanica, Ardea, 106
javanicus, Butorides, 106
javanica, Ciconia, 131
javanica, Dendrocygna, 153
javanicus, Leptoptilos, 131
jerdoni, Aviceda, 195
jerdoni, Pernis, 195
jefferyi, Pithecophaga, 247
johannae, Ardea, 99
johannae, Haliastur, 205
johnsonii, Casuarius, 6
jonesi, Gyps, 262
jota, Cathartes, 191
jota, Vultur, 191
jouyi, Ardea, 99
jubata, Anas, 152
jubatus, Anser, 154
jubata, Chenonetta, 152
jubata, Neochen, 154
jugger, Falco, 286
jugurtha, Falco, 292
Julius, Nothocercus, 15
Julius, Tinamus, 15
juninensis, Colymbus, 38
juninensis, Podiceps, 38
kaedingi, Oceanodroma, 73
kalinowskii, Nothoprocta, 24
kamtschatica, Aquila, 254
katherine, Erj^throtriorchis, 225
Kaupifalco, 243
kelaarti, Spizaetus, 249
kelsalli, Oceanodroma, 72
kelsalli, Thalassidroma, 72
kempi, Egretta, 111
kempi, Gymnogenys, 269
kempi, leracidea, 306
kempi, Lophastur, 197
kempi, Puffinus, 58
kermadecensis, Puffinus, 58
kerrise, Crypturellus, 20
kerrise, Crj^turus, 20
keysseri, Casuarius, 8
keyteli, Pachyptila, 49
keyteli. Prion, 49
khamensis, Accipiter, 208
khamensis, Astur, 208
kienerii, Astur, 252
kienerii, Hieraaetus, 252
kinabaluensis, Spilornis, 273
kleei, Crypturus, 12
kleei, Tinamus, 12
klossi, Accipiter, 211
klossi, Astur, 211
klossi, Spilornis, 273
knudseni, Puffinus, 56
korejevi, Podiceps, 38
kreyenborgi, Falco, 290
kriderii, Buteo, 231
kuhli, Leucopternis, 242
kunikyonis, Poliocephalus, 36
kutteri, Butio, 117
kutteri, Gorsachius, 117
labradoria. Anas, 182
labradorius, Camptorhynchus, 182
lacernulatus, Falco, 242
lacernulata, Leucopternis, 242
lacteus, Tantalus, 127
lagopus, Buteo, 236
lagopus, Falco, 236
lamelligerus, Anastomus, 127
Lampribis, 133
lanceolatus, Spizaetus, 249
landbecki, Pelecanus, 81
lanzaroteae, Buteo, 234
lateralis, Casuarius, 6
latifrons, Microhierax, 283
latifrons, Tinamus, 13
lawryi, Aptery^x, 11
layardi, Thalassogeron, 44
laysanensis. Anas, 159
laysani, Puffinus, 55
lentiginosa, Ardea, 124
lentiginosus, Botaurus, 124
leonse, Gampsonyx, 281
lepida, Ardea, 121
lepidus, Ixobrychus, 121
Leptopelicanus, 81
Leptophagthon, 77
Leptoptilos, 130
Leptotarsis, 152
Leptotarsus, 152
Lepturus, 77
lepturus, Phaethon, 78
lepturus. Phaeton, 78
lessonii, Ardea, 100
lessonii, Procellaria, 61
lessonii, Pterodroma, 61
lessoni, Puffinuria, 75
lesueuri, Stictonetta, 157
leucocephala. Anas, 184
328
INDEX
leucocephalus, Falco, 258
leucocephalus, Haliseetus, 258
leucocephalus, Ibis, 127
leucocephala, Oxyura, 184
leucocephalus, Tantalus, 127
leucogaster, Cuncuma, 257
leucogaster, Falco, 257
leucogaster, Haliseetus, 257
leucogaster, Pelecanus, 84
leucogaster, Sula, 84
leucogaster, Thalassidroma, 69
leucogenis, Anas, 188
leucogenis, Merganetta, 188
leucolaema, Tigribaphe, 119
leucolopha, Tigriornis, 118
leucolopha, Tigrisoma, 118
leucomelas, Procellaria, 53
leucomelas, Puffinus, 53
leuconotus, Ardea, 116
leuconotus, Calherodius, 116
leuconotus, Thalassornis, 183
leucopareus. Anas, 163
leucopareus, Polionetta, 163
leucophaea, Ardea, 99
Leucophoyx, 113
leucophrys. Anas, 165
leucopias, Aviceda, 196
leucopias, Baza, 196
leucopsis. Anas, 150
leucopsie, Branta, 150
leucoptera, Anas, 151
leucoptera, Chloephaga, 151
leucoptera, Procellaria, 66
leucoptera, Pterodroma, 66
Leucopternis, 241
leucopygus, Cymindis, 201
leucorrhous, Buteo, 239
leucorrhous, Falco, 239
leucorhoa, Oceanodroma, 73
leucorhoa, Procellaria, 73
leucorodia, Platalea, 139
leucorypha, Aquila, 258
leucoryphus, Haliseetus, 258
leucosomus, Accipiter, 213
leucosomus, Astur, 213
leucosternus, Haliaeetus, 205
leucostigma. Anas, 162
leucurus, Elanus, 193
leucurus, Milvus, 193
leuphotes, Aviceda, 197
leuphotes, Falco, 197
Iherminieri, Puffinus, 59
limatus, Phaethon, 77
Limnaetops, 248
Limnaetus, 248
Limnsetus, 248
limnseetus, Falco, 249
limnseetus, Spizaetus, 249
■ lineata, Ardea, 118
lineatus, Buteo, 233
lineatus, Falco, 233
lineata, Fregetta, 70
lineatus, Haliaetus, 203
lineatus, Milvus, 203
lineata, Thalassidroma, 70
lineatum, Tigrisoma, 118
listeri, Fregata, 96
littleri, Butorides, 106
livens, Geranospiza, 268
liventer, Butastur, 243
liventer, Falco, 243
lobata, Anas, 185
lobata, Biziura, 185
lodygini, Accipiter, 220
longicauda, Astur, 198
longicauda, Falco, 198
longicauda, Henicopernis, 198
longipennis, Falco, 293
longipes, Procellaria, 71
longirostris, iEstrelata, 66
longirostris, Guara, 137
longirostris, Pterodroma, 66
lopezi, Accipiter, 210
lopezi, Astur, 210
Lophaetus, 250
Lophastur, 195
Lophodytes, 186
Lophoictinia, 204
Lophonetta, 158
Lophotibis, 138
lophotus, Anser, 152
loquacula, Cerchneis, 303
loquaculus, Falco, 303
lorenzi, Hierofalco, 286
loriae, Casuarius, 8
lowei, Fregata, 96
lucianus, Butorides, 103
lucidus, Halieus, 88
lucidus, Phalacrocorax, 88
ludoviciana, Ardea, 113
lugens, Procellaria, 63
lugubris, Phalacrocorax, 87
luteola, Ardetta, 121
luteolus, Ixobrychus, 121
INDEX
329
luteoschistaceus, Accipiter, 218
lutosus, Polyborus, 281
luzonica, Anas, 160
lymani, Falco, 295
maccoa, Erismatura, 184
maccoa, Oxyura, 184
macconnelli, Crypturellus, 16
macconnelli, Crypturus, 16
macgillivrayi, Bulweria, 68
macgiUivrayi, Pachyptila, 49
macgillivrayi, Prion, 49
macgillivrayi, Thalassidroma, 68
Machaerhamphus, 194
mackayi, Astur, 216
mackayi, Cheniscus, 171
macquariensis, Heteroprion, 49
macrocelides, Accipiter, 209
macrocelides, Astur, 209
macrodactyla, Oceanodroma, 73
Macronectes, 46
macroptera, Procellaria, 61
macroptera, Pterodroma, 61
macropus, Busarellus, 245
macropus, Falco, 290
macrorhyncha, Ardetta, 106
macrorhynchus, Butorides, 106
macrorhyncus, Buteo, 229
macrosceles, Cifcus, 267
macrourus, Accipiter, 265
macrourus, Astur, 227
macrourus. Circus, 265
macrourus, Urotriorchis, 227
macrurus, Thalassaetus, 258
maculatus, Butorides, 103
maculata, Cancroma, 103
maculatus, Casuarius, 8
maculicollis, Rhynchotus, 24
maculosa. Anas, 161
maculosa, Nothura, 27
maculosus, Tinamus, 27
madagascariensis, Accipiter, 221
madagascariensis. Anas, 172
madagascariensis, Anastomus, 127
madagascariensis, Ardea, 101
madagascariensis, Aviceda, 195
madagascariensis, Pernis, 195
maestus, Herpetotheres, 276
magellani, Pelecanoides, 76
mageUani, Puffinuria, 76
magellanica. Anas, 151
magellanicus, Aptenodytes, 33
magellanicus, Pelecanus, 90
magellanicus, Phalacrocorax, 90
magellanicus, Spheniscus, 33
magentae, Aestrelata, 64
magentae, Pterodroma, 64
magnificens, Fregata, 95
magnificus, Nycticorax, 116
magnifica, Oroanassa, 116
magniplumis, Buteo, 239
magniplumis, Potamolegus, 239
magnirostris, Aviceda, 196
magnirostris, Buteo, 238
magnirostris, Falco, 238
magnirostris, Hyptiopus, 196
magnus, Gampsonyx, 282
maguari, Ardea, 129
maillardi. Circus, 267
maior, Puffinus, 53
major, Aechmophorus, 40
major, Colymbus, 40
major, Mergus, 187
major, Nycticorax, 115
major, Platalea, 139
major, Tetrao, 13
major, Tinamus, 13, 14
majusculus, Elanus, 193
Malacorhynchus, 170
malacorhynchos. Anas, 183
malacorhynchos, Hymenolaimus, 183
malayensis, Falco, 257
malayensis, Ictinaetus, 257
malayensis, Spilornis, 271
malvinarum, Chloephaga, 152
mandibularis, Nycticorax, 115
manehi, Accipiter, 208
maniUensis, Accipiter, 223
jaanilensis, Ardea, 101
manillensis, Nycticorax, 115
mantelli, Apteryx, 11
maorianus, Botaurus, 124
maorianus, Casmerodius, 110
maoriana, Herodias, 110
maoriana, Pelagodroma, 69
Mareca, 167
margaritensis, Cerchneis, 304
margaritensis, Falco, 304
margaritophilus, Butorides, 104
marginatus, Accipiter, 207
marginatus, Falco, 207
mariae, Puffinus, 54
marila, Anas, 176
marila, Nyroca, 176
330
INDEX
mariloides, Fuligula, 176
mariloides, Nyroca, 176
marina, Pelagodroma, 69
marina, Procellaria, 69
markhami, Cymochorea, 73
markhami, Oceanodroma, 73
marmorata, Ardea, 119
marmoratum, Tigrisoma, 119
maroccanus, Phalacrocorax, 87
masafuerae, Pterodroma, 66
massaicus, Struthio, 4
mathewsi, Anas, 163
mathewsse, Ardea, 98
mathewsi, Diomedea, 45
mathewsi, Fregata, 96
matsudariae, Oceanodroma, 74
mattingleyi, Heteroprion, 49
mattingleyi, Pachyptila, 49
mauretanicus, Puffinus, 57
maurus. Circus, 266
maurus, Falco, 266
maxima, Asturina, 240
mccormicki, Diomedea, 42
mechowi, Melierax, 226
Megacerchneis, 298
Megadyptes, 32
megala, Aviceda, 197
megala. Baza, 197
megaloptera, Aquila, 280
megalopterus, Phalcoboenus, 280
megarhynchus, Chondrohierax, 200
megarhynchus, Regerhinus, 200
melaena, Ardetta, 123
Melananas, 158
melancoripha. Anas, 144
melancoriphus, Cygnus, 144
Melaneatus, 269
melania, Oceanodroma, 74
melania, Procellaria, 74
Melanitta, 181
melanocephala, Anas, 172
melanocephala, Ardea, 98
melanocephalus, Tantalus, 131
melanocephala, Threskiornis, 131
melanochlamys, Accipiter, 218
melanochlamys, Urospizias, 218
Melanocircus, 264
melanogaster, Anhinga, 94
melanogaster, Fregetta, 70
mielanogaster, Thalassidroma, 70
melanogyne, Hypotriorchis, 291
melanoleucus, Accipiter, 209
melanoleuca, Anas, 144
melanoleucus, Buteo, 247
melanoleucus. Circus, 266
melanoleucus, Falco, 266
melanoleucus, Geranoaetus, 227
melanoleucos, Halietor, 93
melanoleucos, Hydrocorax, 93
melanoleucos, lerax, 283
melanoleucos, Microhierax, 283
melanoleucus, Spizaetus, 227
melanoleucus, Spizastur, 247
melanolopha, Ardea, 117
melanolophus, Gorsachius, 117
Melanonyx, 146
Melanophoyx, 109
melanophris, Diomedea, 43
melanopus, Procellaria, 63
melanopis, Tantalus, 136
melanopis, Theristicus, 136
melanops, Falco, 242
melanops, Leucopternis, 242
melanops, Sula, 84
melanopterus, Anser, 151
melanoptera, Chloephaga, 151
melanorhynchos, Ardea, 110
melanorhynchos, Casmerodius, 110
melanorhynchos, Phaethon, 78
melanorhynchos. Phaeton, 78
melanoschistus, Accipiter, 220
melanosternus, Buteo, 229
melanosternon, Buteo, 204
melanosternon, Hamirostra, 204, 229
melanostethus, Buteo, 229
melanotos, Anser, 155
melanotos, Botaurus, 124
melanotus, Botaurus, 124
melanotus, Falco, 293
melanotis, Puffinus, 57
melanota, Sarkidiornis, 155
melaschistos, Accipiter, 220
Melierax, 225
meUeri, Anas, 160
melli. Baza, 197
melvillensis, Ardeiralla, 124
melvillensis, Buteo, 275
melvillensis, Carbo, 93
melvillensis, Halietor, 93
melvillensis, leracidea, 306
membranacea, Anas, 170
membranaceus, Malacorhynchus, 170
mendiculus, Spheniscus, 33
mendozensis, Nothura, 27
INDEX
331
menegauxi, Phalacrocorax, 93
menetriesi, Buteo, 235
menziesi, Biziura, 185
Merganetta, 188
Merganettinae, 188
merganser, Mergus, 186
Mergellus, 185
Merginae, 185
Mergus, 186
meridensis, Gampsonyx, 281
meridensis, Geranosetus, 227
merid, Kaupifalco, 243
merid, Micronisus, 243
meridionalis, Cathartes, 191
meridionalis, Falco, 226
meridionalis, Gypaetus, 264
meridionalis, Heterospizias, 226
meridionalis, Microhierax, 283
mesatus, Butorides, 104
Mesembrinibis, 136
meserythrus, Cr5^turellus, 17
meserythrus, Tinamus, 17
Mesocarbo, 85
mesonauta, Phaethon, 77
Mesophoyx, 112
metabates, Melierax, 226
Metapelecanus, 79
Metopiana, 173
mexicanus, Carbo, 86
mexicanus, Crypturellus, 21
mexicanus, Crypturus, 21
mexicanus, Falco, 286
mexicanus, Odontriorchis, 199
mexicanus, Phalacrocorax, 86
meyerianus, Accipiter, 208
meyerianus, Astur, 208
Micraetus, 199
Micraetus, 253
Micrastur, 276
microbalia, Cerchneis, 301
Microcrypturus, 15
microhaliaetus, Pandion, 275
Microhierax, 282
Micronetta, 158
micropterum, Centropelma, 40
micropterus, Podiceps, 40
microscelis, Ciconia, 128
microscelis, Dissoura, 128
microsoma, Halocyptena, 75
Microzalias, 53
micrus, Asturina, 240
middendorffi, Anser, 147
migrans, Falco, 202
migrans, Milvus, 202
milligani, Cerchneis, 301
Milvago, 279
Milvinae, 200
milvipes, Falco, 285
MilvTis, 202
milvus, Falco, 202
milvus, Milvus, 202
minahassae, Nycticorax, 115
minima, Branta, 150
minimus, Buteo, 239
minimus, Spilornis, 273
minnie, Notofalco, 287
minor, Aptenodytes, 32
minor, Asturina, 241
minor, Dromaeus, 10
minor, Eudyptula, 32
minor, Falco, 290
minor, Fregata, 96
minor, Gorsachius, 117
minor, Hieraaetus, 252
minor, Nothiira, 27
minor, Pelecanus, 96
minor, Phoeniconaias, 141
minor, Phoenicopterus, 141
minor, Piatalea, 139
minor, Puffinus, 60
minor, Tinamus, 27
minuUus, Accipiter, 222
minuUus, Falco, 222
minuta, Ardea, 120
minutus, Ixobrychus, 120
minutus, Tinnunculus, 298
mirandollei, Astur, 277
mirandollei, Micrastur, 277
misisippiensis, Falco, 201
misisippiensis, Ictinia, 201
misoriensis, Accipiter, 213
misoriensis, Urospizias, 213
missus, Neonectris, 56
missus, Pachyptila, 48
missus. Prion, 48
mitratus, Casuarius, 8
mixta, ProceUaria, 52
modesta, Ardea, 110
modestus, Casmerodius, 110
modestus, Crypturellus, 17
modestus, Crypturus, 17
modestus, Spheniscus, 33
mcestissima, Fregetta, 71
moestissima, Nesofregetta, 71
332
INDEX
mollis, Procellaria, 64
mollis, Pterodroma, 64
moUissima, Anas, 179
mollissima, Somateria, 179
molucca. Ibis, 132
molucca, Threskiornis, 132
moluccarum, Butorides, 106
moluccensis, Falco, 300
moluccensis, Tinnunculus, 300
Molybdophanes, 135
molybdophanes, Struthio, 4
monachus, Aegypius, 260
monachus, Cathartes, 262
monachus, Necrosyrtes, 262
monachus, Vultur, 260
monogrammicus, Falco, 243
monogrammicus, Kaupifalco, 243
monorhis, Oceanodroma, 74
monorhis, Thalassidroma, 74
montaguei, Puffinus, 58
montaguei, Reinholdia, 58
montana, Hamirostra, 204
montana, Oestrelata, 63
montanus, Phalcoboenus, 279
moorei, Ixobrychus, 121
morelii, Nisuoides, 216
morenoi, Calopezus, 28
morenoi, Eudromia, 28
Morphnarchus, 241
morphnoides, Aquila, 252
morphnoides, Hieraaetus, 252
Morphnus, 244, 246
mortoni, Dissoura, 128
mortyi, Accipiter, 213
Morum, 82
Moras, 82
moschata, Anas, 155
moschata, Cairina, 155
moscoviae, Accipiter, 207
moscoviae, Astur, 207
mosleyi, Eudyptes, 31
multicolor, Casuarius, 8
munna, Dendrocygna, 154
munda, Nectris, 59
munda, Puffinus, 59
murchisonianus, Falco, 293
murina, Aquila, 255
murphyi, Halobaena, 48
murphyi, Phoebetria 46
musicus, Falco, 225
musicus, Melierax, 225
mustelinus, Crypturellus, 18
mustelinus, Crypturus, 18
Mycteria, 126
mycteria, Ciconia, 130
mycteria, Jabiru, 130
Mycteriinae, 126
Myola, 97
nsevosa, Anas, 156
naevosa, Stictonetta, 156
nanus, Ichthyaetus, 259
nana, Icthyophaga, 259
nanus, Taoniscus, 28
nanus, Tinamus, 28
Nannocnus, 123
Nannopterum, 94
napieri, Milvus, 203
naso, Carnifex, 277
naso, Micrastur, 277
natalis, Accipiter, 215
natalis, Urospizias, 215
nationi, Fuligula, 175
nativitatis, Puffinus, 57
nattereri, Asturina, 238
nattereri, Buteo, 238
naumanni, Falco, 298
Nealbatrus, 41
nearctica, Aythya, 176
nearctica, Nyroca, 176
nebouxii, Sula, 83
Necrosyrtes, 262
neglectus, Anser, 148
neglecta, Dissoura, 128
neglecta, Egretta, 110
neglectus, Falco, 300
neglectus, Graculus, 88
neglectus, Phalacrocorax, 88
neglecta, Procellaria, 63
Neochen, 154
Neognathae, 29
Neohierax, 283
Neonectris, 53
Neonisus, 206
Neopelecanus, 79
Neophron, 263
Neornithes, 3
neozealanicus, Puffinus, 54
nereis, Garrodia, 71
nereis, Thalassidroma, 71
Nesierax, 287
nesiotes, Sula, 85
Nesobaza, 195
Nesochen, 151
INDEX
333
Nesofregetta, 71
Nesonetta, 158
nesophilus, Ardeirallus, 123
nesophilus, Dupetor, 123
Netta, 173
Nettapus, 172
Nettion, 158, 159
neumanni, Melierax, 226
newelli, Puffinus, 58
newtoni, Falco, 302
newtoni, Tinnunculus, 302
n. hollandise, Casuarius, 10
n. hollandise, Cereopsis, 145
n. hollandise, Dromiceius, 10
nicoUi, Fregata, 97
nigra. Anas, ISO
nigra, Ardea, 129
nigra, Ciconia, 129
nigra, Geranospiza, 268
niger, Haliseetus, 259
niger, Halietor, 93
niger, Hydrocorax, 93
niger, Ischnosceles, 268
nigra, Oidemia, 180
niger, Plectropterus, 145
niger, Rostrhamus, 201
nigra, Rupornis, 239
niger, Vultur, 260
nigricans, Anser, 149
nigricans, Branta, 149
nigriceps, Crypturellus, 18
nigriceps, Crypturus, 18
nigricollis, Busarellus, 245
nigricollis, Colymbus, 39
nigricollis, Falco, 245
nigricollis, Podiceps, 39
nigripennis, (Estrelata, 65
nigripennis, Pterodroma, 65
nigripes, Ardea, 111
nigripes, Diomedea, 43
nigripes, Egretta, 111
nigrocapillus, Nothocercus, 14
nigrocapillus, Tinamus, 14
nigrogularis, Phalacrocorax, 88
nigroguttata, Nathura, 27
nigroplumbeus, Accipiter, 221
nilotica, Hagedashia, 135
nipalensis, Aquila, 255
nipalensis, Circaetus, 255
nipalensis, Nisaetus, 249
nipalensis, Spizaetus, 249
nippon. Ibis, 133
nippon, Nipponia, 133
Nipponia, 133
nisoides, Accipiter, 223
nisosimilis, Accipiter, 220
nisosimilis, Falco, 220
nisus, Accipiter, 219
nisus, Falco, 219
nisus, Haliseetus, 257
nitida, Asturina, 241
nitidus, Falco, 241
nivea, Pagodroma, 67
nivea, Procellaria, 67
noctivagus, Crypturellus, 22
noctivagus, Tinamus, 22
Nomonyx, 183
normani, Tonophoyx, 102
notatus, Elanus, 193
Nothocercus, 14
Nothoprocta, 24
Nothura, 26
Notofalco, 287
Notonetta, 158
Notophoyx, 102
nova, Pseudoprion, 50
novaeguineae, Harpyopsis, 247
novaeguineae, Hieracidea, 305
novaeguineae, leracidea, 305
novsehollandiaj, Accipiter, 214
novaehollandiae, Anhinga, 95
novaehollandiae, Ardea, 102
novaehollandiae, Biziura, 185
novsehollandiaj, Cereopsis, 145
novsehollandise, Eudyptula, 32
novsehollandise, Falco, 214
novsehollandise, Notophoyx, 102
novaehollandiae, Phaethon, 78
novsehollandise, Phalacrocorax, 88
novae hoUandiae, Plotus, 95
novaehollandiae, Podiceps, 36
novaehollandiae, Poliocephalus, 36
novsehollandise, Spheniscus, 32
novseseelandise. Anas, 175
novseseelandise, Falco, 287
novseseelandiae, Nyroca, 175
novse zelandise, Ardeola, 121
novsezelandise, Ixobrychus, 121
novegeorgica, Pagodroma, 67
novimexicana. Anas, 161
nubicus, Torgos, 260
nubicus, Vultur, 260
nudiceps. Gyps, 262
nudifrons, Ibis, 137
334
INDEX
nudifrons, Phimosus, 137
nugax, Procellaria, 60
nugax, Puffinus, 60
nutcheri, Neonectris, 56
nyansae, Astur, 209
Nyctanassa, 116
Nycticorax, 114
nycticorax, Ardea, 114
nycticorax, Nycticorax, 114
Nyroca, 173
nyroca, Anas, 175
nyroca, Nyroca, 175
Nyrocinae, 173
oatesi, Anser, 147
obiensis, Accipiter, 212
obiensis, Astur, 212
objurgatus, Cerchneis, 299
objurgatus, Falco, 299
obscura, Anas, 161
obscurus, Falco, 297
obscurior, Aquila, 253
obscurior, Astur, 211
obsoletus, Accipiter, 212
obsoletus, Astur, 212
obsoletus, Crypturellus, 17
obsoletus, Falco, 287
obsoletus, Tinamus, 17
occidentalis, Aechmophorus, 40
occidentalis, Ardea, 100
occidentalis, Bernicla, 150
occidentalis, Branta, 150
occidentalis, Crypturellus, 21
occidentalis, Crypturus, 21
occidentalis, Falco, 301
occidentalis, Hydranassa, 113
occidentalis, leracidea, 306
occidentalis, Leucopternis, 242
occidentalis, Pelecanus, 81
occidentalis, Podiceps, 40
occidentalis, Tinnunculus, 301
occidentalis, Urubitinga, 244
occiduus, Buteo, 238
occidua, Rupornis, 238
occipitalis, Casuarius, 9
occipitalis, Cathartes, 191
occipitalis, Colymbus, 38
occipitalis, Falco, 250
occipitalis, Lophaetus, 250
occipitalis, Podiceps, 38
occipitalis, Trigonoceps, 260
occipitalis, Vultur, 260
oceanica, Cuncuma, 258
oceanica, Oceanites, 68
oceanica, Procellaria, 68
Oceanites, 68
Oceanodroma, 72, 74
ochracea, Cerchneis, 304
ochraceus, Falco, 304
ochraceiventris, Crypturellus, 17
ochraceiventris, Crypturus, 17
ochrocephalus, Milvago, 279
octosetaceus, Mergus, 188
Odontognathae, 3
Odontopteryges, 97
Odontopterygidae, 97
Odontriorchis, 199
Oestrelatella, 60
Oidemia, 180
oligista, Ardea, 100
olivacea, Ibis, 134
olivacea, Lampribis, 134
olivaceus, Pelecanus, 86
olivaceus, Phalacrocorax, 86
olivei, Ardeiralla, 124
oliveri, vEstrelata, 64
oliveri, Phalacrocorax, 92
oliveri, Pterodroma, 64
olor, Anas, 144
olor, Cygnus, 144
onocrotalus, Pelecanus, 79, 80
onslowi, Phalacrocorax, 91
opisthomelas, Puffinus, 58
Oreoibis, 133
oreophilus, Buteo, 234
orientalis, Aquila, 255
orientalis, Botaurus, 124
orientalis, Cerchneis, 300
orientalis, Mergus, 187
orientalis, Pernis, 198
orientalis, Pterodroma, 65
orientalis, Spizaetus, 248
orientalis, Tinnunculus, 300
orienticola, Astur, 209
orinomus, Anas, 162
orinomus, Querquedula, 162
ornata, Nothoprocta, 25
ornatus, Falco, 248
ornatus, Rhynchotus, 25
ornatus, Spizaetus, 248
Oroaetus, 247
Oroanassa, 116
oscitans, Anastomus, 127
oscitans, Ardea, 127
INDEX
335
Ossifraga, 46
oustaleti, Anas, 159
oustaleti, Nothoprocta, 25
ovampensis, Accipiter, 224
ovivorus, Ictinaetus, 256
owenii, Apteryx, 11
owstoni, Cymochorea, 74
owstoni, Oceanodroma, 74
oxycerca, Cercibis, 136
oxycercus, Ibis, 136
oxyptera, Anas, 166
Oxyura, 184
Oxyurinae, 183
Paehyptila, 48
pachyrhynchus, Eudyptes, 31
Pacificodroma, 72
pacificus, Aesalon, 295
pacifica, Ardea, 101
pacifica, Bulweria, 68
pacificus, Colymbus, 34
pacificus, Falco, 295
pacifica, Gavia, 34
pacificus, Histrionicus, 178
pacifica, Procellaria, 55
pacificus, Puffinus, 55
Pagodroma, 67
Palaeognathae, 3
palawanensis, Spilornis, 273
pallens, Accipiter, 220
pallescens, Rhynchotus, 24
palliatus, Falco, 199
palliatus, Odontriorchis, 199
pallidiceps, Accipiter, 213
pallidiceps, Urospizias, 213
pallidus, Archibuteo, 236
pallida, Asturina, 241
pallida, Aviceda, 196
pallida, Baza, 196
pallidus, Buteo, 236
pallida, Cuncuma, 257
pallidus, Falco, 295
pallidus, Haliaeetus, 257
pallidus, Lithofalco, 295
pallidus, Polyborus, 281
pallidus, Spilornis, 272
paUipes, Procellaria, 51
palmerstoni, Fregata, 96
palmerstoni, Pelecanus, 96
palpebrata, Diomedea, 45
palpebrata, Phoebetria, 45
paludivagus, Milvago, 279
panamensis, Cochlearius, 125
panamensis, Crypturellus, 17
panamensis, Crypturus, 17
Pandion, 275
Pandioninae, 275
panayensis, Spilornis, 274
papa, Sarcoramphus, 190
papa, Vultur, 189
papillosa. Ibis, 132
papillosa, Pseudibis, 132
papua, Aptenodytes, 30
papua, Pygoscelis, 30
papuanus, Accipiter, 224
papuanus, Astur, 224
papuanus, Casuarius, 7
papuanus, Falco, 293
Parabuteo, 240
parasitus, Falco, 203
parasitus, Milvus, 203
Paraspizias, 206
Parasula, 83
parkinsoni, Procellaria, 52
parryi, Elanus, 193
parryi, Notophoyx, 102
parryi, Podiceps, 36
Parvifregata, 95
parvirostris, Crypturellus, 23
parvirostris, Crypturus, 23
parvirostris, Procellaria, 62
parvulus, Dromaius, 10
paschae, Pterodroma, 63
passerina, Procellaria, 69
patagonica, Aptenodytes, 29
patens, Butorides, 104
patruelis, Ardea, 107
patruelis, Butorides, 107
paulus, Cerchneis, 302
paulus, Falco, 302
pauper, Nyctanassa, 117
pauper, Nycticorax, 117
pavoninus, Tinamus, 28
pax, Falco, 291
payesii, Ardea, 120
payesii, Ixobrychus, 120
Pealea, 70
pealei, Falco, 290
pealei, Pagodroma, 67
pectoralis, Accipiter, 218
pectoralis, Circaetus, 270
pectoralis, Falco, 218
pectoralis, Gymnogenys, 269
pectoralis, Polyboroides, 269
336
INDEX
pekinensis, Falco, 298
peJagica, Aquila, 258
pelagica, Procellaria, 72
pelagicus, Halieeetus, 257
pelagicus, Hydrobates, 72
pelagicus, Phalacrocorax, 89
Pelagodroma, 69
Pelagornithidae, 82
Pelagodyptes, 75
Pelecani, 79
Pelecanidae, 79
Pelecaniformes, 77
Pelecanoidea, 79
Pelecanoides, 75
Pelecanoididae, 75
Pelecanus, 79, 80
pelegrinoides, Falco, 289
pelewensis, Anas, 160
pelewensis, Nycticorax, 115
Pelionetta, 182
pelzelnii, Podiceps, 37
pelzelnii, Poliocephalus, 37
penelope, Anas, 168
penelope, Mareca, 168
peninsulae, Fregata, 96
peninsularis, Falco, 303
penicillatus, Carbo, 89
penicillatus, Phalacrocorax, 89
pennatus, Falco, 252
pennatus, Hieraaetus, 252
pennata, Pterocnemia, 5
pennata, Rhea, 5
pentlandii, Nothoprocta, 26
pentlandii, Rhynchotus, 26
pentlandi, Tinamotis, 29
peposaca, Anas, 173
peposaca, Metopiana, 173
percna. Anas, 160
Percnohierax, 228
percnopterus, Neophron, 263
percnopterus, Vultur, 263
perconfusus, Falco, 290
perdicarius, Crypturus, 26
perdicaria, Nothoprocta, 26
peregrinator, Falco, 289
peregrinus, Falco, 288
peregrina. Ibis, 138
peregrinus, Plegadis, 138
peregrinoides, Accipiter, 220
percnopterus, Vultur, 263
peringueyi, Heteroprion, 49
peringueyi, Pachyptila, 49
Perissonetta, 173
perniger, Ictinaetus, 256
pernigra, Aquila, 256
Perninae, 194
Pernis, 198
peroni, Dendrocygna, 153
peroni, Dromaius, 10
Peronista, 9
perpallida, Cerchneis, 298
perplexa, Cerchneis, 304
perplexus, Falco, 304
perplexus, Spilornis, 272
persicus, Puffinus, 60
personata, Sula, 84
perspicillaris, Accipiter, 220
perspicillaris, Falco, 220
perspicillata. Anas, 182
perspicillata, Melanitta, 182
perspicillatus, Phalacrocorax, 89
perspicillata, Procellaria, 52
perthi, Carbo, 90
perthi, Phalacrocorax, 90
peruviana, Cerchneis, 305
peruviana, Crypturellus, 23
peruviana, Crypturus, 23
peruvianus, Falco, 305
peruviana, Nothura, 26
peruvianus, Tinamus, 14
peruviensis, Buteo, 229
pescadoresi, Neonectris, 56
petoensis, Falco, 291
Phseoaetus, 248
Phseonetta, 181
phseopygia, CEstrelata, 65
phseopygia, Pterodroma, 65
Phaethon, 77
Phaethontes, 77
Phaethontidae, 77
phalsena, Falco, 303
phalaena, Tinnunculus, 303
Phalcoboenus, 279
Phalacrocoracidae, 85
Phalacrocorax, 85
Philacte, 149
philipi, Casuarius, 8
philippensis, Colymbus, 36
philippensis, Pelecanus, 80
philippensis, Poliocephalus, 36
philippensis, Spizaetus, 249
phiJippii, Fulmarus, 67
phillipii, Procellaria, 63
phillipii, Pterodroma, 63
INDEX
337
Phimosus, 137
Phoebetria, 45
Phoeniconaias, 141
Phoenicoparrus, 141
Phoenicopteri, 140
Phoenicopteridae, 140
Phoenicopterus, 140
phoenicuros, Phaethon, 78
Phoenicurus, 77
picata, Agamia, 114
picata, Ardea, 102
picata, Notophoyx, 102
pichinchse, Falco, 294
pictus, Buteo, 233
picticollis, Casuarius, 8
pictilis, Halietor, 93
pictilis, Phalacrocorax, 93
pileatus, Accipiter, 217
pileata, Ardea, 102
pileatus, Falco, 217
pileatus, Necrosyrtes, 263
pileatus, Pilherodius, 102
pileatus, Vultur, 263
Pilherodius, 102
pinnata, Ardea, 125
pinnatus, Botaui'us, 125
piscator, Pelecanus, 84
Piscatrix, 83
Pithecophaga, 247
plagiata, Asturina, 240
plancus, Falco, 280
plancus, Polyborus, 280
planes, Astur, 208
planicola, Hypotriorchis, 292
Platalea, 139
platalea, Anas, 169
platalea. Spatula, 169
Plataleinae, '139
platei, Diomedea, 44
Platibis, 140
platypterus, Buteo, 236
platypterus, Sparvius, 236
platyrhynchos, Anas, 159
Plectropterinae, 144
Plectropterus, 145
'i^t^.: ^}^S^d''^' 138
«1M
plotus, Pelecanus, 85
plotus, Sula, 85
plumbeus, Falco, 201
plumbeus. Ibis, 135
plumbea, Icthyophaga, 259
pliunbea, Ictinia, 201
plumbea, Leucopternis, 242
plumbeus, Micrastur, 278
plumbeus, Polioaetus, 259
plumbeus, Rostrhamus, 201
plumbeiceps, Icthyophaga, 259
plumbeiceps, Nothocercus, 15
plumifera, Mesophoyx, 112
plumiferus, Herodias, 112
podiceps, Ardeola, 120
podiceps, Colymbus, 41
podiceps, Ixobrychus, 120
podiceps, Podilymbus, 41
Podil5rmbus, 41
poecilochrous, Buteo, 229
poecilogaster, Buteo, 229
Poecilonetta, 158
poecilopterus, Astur, 207
poecilorhyncha. Anas, 160
poggei, Colymbus, 36
poggei, Poliocephalus, 36
poiciloptila, Ardea, 124
poiciloptilus, Botaurus, 124
Polemaetus, 251
Polihieracinae, 281
Polihierax, 282
Poliocephalus, 35, 37
poliocephalus, Accipiter, 214
poliocephala, Chloephaga, 151
poliocephalus, Podiceps, 37
poliocephalus, Poliocephalus, 37
poliogaster, Accipiter, 219
poliogaster, Falco, 219
polionotus, Accipiter, 212
polionata, Asturina, 240, 242
polionota, Leucopternis, 242
polionotus, Urospizias, 212
poliopsis, Accipiter, 211
poliopsis, Micronisus, 211
poliopterus, Melierax, 225
Polyborinae, 278
Polyborus, 280
polycryptus, Accipiter, 215
polynesise, Puffinus, 60
polyosoma, Falco, 229
polyosoma, Buteo, 229
Polysticta, 182
polyzonoides, Accipiter, 211
pomarina, Aquila, 255
pondicerianus, Hal[iastur], 204
ponticerianus, Vultur, 259
Porthmornis, 75
Potamolegus, 228
338
INDEX
pottsi, Nesierax, 287
Praedo, 228
praepes, Crypturellus, 21
praepes, Crypturornis, 21
praetermissus, Ardeirallus, 123
praetermissa, Erythrophoyx, 123
princeps, Leucopternis, 242
Priocella, 51
Prionochilus, 186
Procellaria, 52
Procellariiformes, 41
Procellariidae, 46
progressus, Falco, 285
Promergus, 186
Psammoaetus, 253
Pseudibis, 132
Pseudocarbo, 85
Pseudocircus, 264
Pseudogyps, 262
Pseudotadorna, 157
Pterocnemia, 5
Pterodroma, 60
Pteronetta, 172
ptilorhyncus, Falco, 199
ptilorhyncus, Pernis, 199
Puffininae, 51
Puflfinus, 53, 56
puffinus, Procellaria, 57
puffinus, Puffinus, 57
pulchellus, Accipiter, 214
pulchellus, Astur, 214
pulchellus, Cheniscus, 171
pulcheUus, Nettapus, 171
puUus, Ixobrychus, 122
pumila, Ardea, 120
puna, Anas, 165
punctata. Anas, 164
punctatus, Falco, 302
punctatus, Pelicanus, 92
punctatus, Phalacrocorax, 92
punensis, Crypturellus, 17
punensis, Crypturus, 17
punicus, Accipiter, 219
purpuragula, Carbo, 87
purguragula, Phalacrocorax, 87
purpurea, Ardea, 101
pusillus, Accipiter, 216
pusilla, Ardea, 121
pusillus, Scelospizias, 216
pygargus. Circus, 265
pygargus, Falco, 265
pygmeus, Halietor, 94
pygmeus, Pelecanus, 94
Pygoscelis, 30
Pyrrherodia, 101
pyrrhogaster, Falco, 297
quaesitandus, Accipiter, 224
queenslandica, Aviceda, 197
queenslandica, Baza, 197
queenslandicus, Erythrotriorchis, 225
queenslandicus, Ixobrychus, 121
Querquedula, 158, 159
querquedula, Anas, 162
queribundus, Herpetotheres, 276
quintal!, Pterodroma, 64
quirundus, Circus, 265
radama, Falco, 290
raddei, Buteo, 230
radiatus, Erythrotriorchis, 225
radiatus, Falco, 225
radiatus, Gymnogenys, 269
radiatus, Tinamus, 19
radiatus, Vultur, 269
radjah, Anas, 157
radjah, Tadorna, 157
raii, Astur, 214
raja, Spilornis, 273
ralloides, Ardea, 108
ralloides, Ardeola, 108
ranfurlyi, Phalacrocorax, 91
ranivorus, Circus, 266
ranivorus, Falco, 266
ranivorus, Gampsonyx, 201
rapax, Aquila, 254
rapax, Falco, 254
raptor, Aquila, 254
rara, Lampribis, 134
regalis, Archibuteo, 231
regalis, Buteo, 231
regia, Platalea, 140
regulus, Falco, 295
reichenowi, Milvus, 203
Reinholdia, 53
reinholdi, Puffinus, 57
reinwardtii, Aviceda, 196
reinwardtii, Falco, 196
reischekia, Phcebastria, 43
relictus, Pelecanus, 81
renschi, Falco, 301
repens, Ardea, 101
resplendens, Phalacrocorax, 89
rex, Balseniceps, 125
INDEX
339
rex, Morus, 82
rex, Sulita, 82
Rhea, 4
Rheidae, 4
Rheiformes, 4
rhenanus, Faico, 288
rhodesi, Tinnunculus, 300
rhodogaster, Accipiter, 223
rhodogaster, Nisus, 223
Rhodonessa, 170
rhodorhynchus, Anser, 147
Rhothonia, 42
Rhynchodon, 287
Rhynchofalco, 294
rhynchotis, Anas, 170
rhynchotis. Spatula, 170
Rhynchotus, 23
richardsonii, Falco, 296
richmondi, Diomedea, 43
richmondi, Spilornis, 272
richmondi, Thalassarche, 43
ricketti, Spilornis, 272
ridgwayi, Buteo, 233
ridgwayi, Falcinellus, 138
ridgwayi, Fregata, 96
ridgwayi, Hyomorphnus, 244
ridgwayi, Pandion, 275
ridgwayi, Plegadis, 138
ridgwayi, Rupornis, 233
ridgwayi, Urubitinga, 244
riggenbachi, Astur, 210
riggenbachi, Phalacrocorax, 89
riocourii, Chelictinia, 194
riocourii, Elanoides, 194
riphaeus, Falco, 288
rivieri, Buteo, 237
roberti, Chenopis, 144
robinsoni, Butorides, 104
robustus, Astur, 214
robustus, Tinamus, 13
rodgersii, Fulmarus, 47
rogersi. Anas, 160, 163
rogersi, Butorides, 107
rogersi, Casuarius, 7
rogersi, Cheniscus, 171
rogersi. Circus, 265
rogersi, Nettion, 163
rogersi, Plegadis, 138
rogersi, Sula, 85
rogersi, Xenorhynchus, 130
rohui, Diomedea, 42
rohui, Diomedella, 44
rolland, Colymbus, 38
rolland, Podiceps, 38
rooki, Accipiter, 213
rosea, Ajaia, 140
roseus, Pelecanus, 80
roseigularis, Casuarius, 8
roseotincta, Phaethon, 78
roseotincta, Scseophaethon, 78
rossii, Anser, 146
rossii, Chen, 146
rostrata, Nothoprocta, 25
rostrata, Procellaria, 62
rostrata, Pterodroma, 62
Rostrhamus, 201
rothschildi, Buteo, 234
rothschildi, Casuarius, 9
rothschildi, Diomedea, 42
rothschildi, Dromiceius, 10
rothschildi, Fregata, 96
rothschildi, Lampribis, 134
rothschildi, Phaethon, 78
rothschildi, Rhea, 4
rothschildi, Scseophaethon, 78
royana, Fregetta, 70
royanus, Fregettornis, 70
royanus, Puffinus, 55
ruber, Phoenicopterus, 141
rubianae, Accipiter, 214
rubianae, Astur, 214
rubidiceps, chloephaga, 151
rubidus, Anas, 184
rubida, Oxyura, 184
rubra, Guara, 137
rubra, Scolopax, 137
rubricauda, Phaethon, 78
rubricauda, Phaeton, 78
rubricollis, Accipiter, 224
rubripersonatus. Neophron, 263
rubripes, Anas, 161
rubripes, Crypturellus, 20
rubripes, Crypturus, 20
rubripes, Sula, 84
rubrirostris. Anas, 167
rudolfi, Falco, 290
rufa. Anas, 175
rufa, Anhinga, 94
rufa, Ardea, 109
rufa, Aviceda, 196
rufa, Baza, 196
rufus, Plotus, 94 — 't^ p. 3^0
rufescens, Ardea, 109
rufescens, Dichromanassa, 109
340
INDEX
rufescens, Pelecanus, 80
rufescens, Rhynchotus, 24
rufescens, Tinamus, 24
ruficauda, Asturina, 238
ruficauda, Buteo, 238
ruficeps, Tinamus, 14
ruficollis, Anser, 150
ruficoUis, Branta, 150
ruficollis, Cathartes, 191
ruficollis, Colymbus, 35
ruficollis, Egretta, 113
ruficollis, Falco, 296
ruficollis, Hydranassa, 113
ruficollis, Micrastur, 277.
ruficollis, Pernis, 198
ruficollis, Poliocephalus, 35
ruficollis, Sparvius, 277
rufimentum, Hydranassa, 113
rufina, Anas, 173
rufinus, Buteo, 230
rufinus, Falco, 230
rufina, Netta, 173
rufipectus, Spilornis, 273
rufipedoides, Falco, 292
rufipennis, Butastur, 243
rufipennis, Poliornis, 243
rufitergum, Tadorna, 157
rufitinctus, Accipiter, 216
rufitinctus, Spizaetus, 216
rufitorques, Accipiter, 216
rufitorques, Aster, 216
rufiventris, Accipiter, 220
rufiventris, Ardea, 107
rufiventris, Erythocnus, 107
rufiventer, Milvus, 203
rufofuscus, Buteo, 230
rufofuscus, Falco, 230
rufolineatus, Gorsachius, 117
rufopectus, Podiceps, 37
rufopectus, Poliocephalus, 37
rufoschistaceus, Accipiter, 214
rufoschistaceus, Astur, 214
rufotibia, Erythrotriorchis, 225
rufotinctus, Casuarius, 9
rufulus, Circaetus, 270
rufulus, Circus, 226
rupicolaeformis, Cerchneis, 300
rupicolaeformis, Falco, 300
rupicoloides, Falco, 301
rupicolus, Falco, 300
Rupornis, 228
ruppelli, Anas, 161
ruppellii. Gyps, 261
ruppellii, Vultur, 261
rusticolus, Falco, 286
rutenbergi Ardea, 105
rutenbergi, Butorides, 105
rutherfordi, Spilornis, 272
rutila. Anas, 156
sacra, Ardea, 112
sacra, Demigretta, 112
saceroides, Falco, 285
saceroides, Gennaia, 285
Sagittariidae, 192
Sagittarioidea, 192
Sagittarius, 192
salmoni, Tigrisoma, 119
saltatrix, Procellaria, 71
salvadorii, Casuarius, 6
salvadorii, Chauna, 142
salvadcrii, Nothocercus, 15
salvadorii, Nothura, 27
salvadorii, Spilornis, 272
Salvadorina, 183
salvini, Accipiter, 221
salvini, Crypturellus, 20
salvini, Crypturus, 20
salvini, Diomedea, 44
salvini, Nisus, 221
salvini, Pachyptila, 49
salvini. Prion, 49
salvini, Thalassogeron, 44
samueli, Falco, 293
sanborni, Nothoprocta, 26
sanctilucse, Ardea, 100
sanfordi, Diomedea, 42
sandvicensis, Anser, 151
sandvicensis, Nesochen, 151
sandwichensis, OEstrelata, 65
sandwichensis, Pterodroma, 65
sarasini, Haliastur, 205
Sarcogyps, 259
Sarcoramphus, 189
Sarkidiornis, 155
sarmaticus, Cerchneis, 298
sassii, Accipiter, 222
sassi, Sticticarbo, 92
saturata, Asturina, 239
saturatus, Buteo, 235, 239
saturatus, Butorides, 103
saturatus, Falco, 291, 299
saturatus, Tinamus, 13
savannarum, Nothura, 27
INDEX
341
Scseophsethon, 77
scalaris, Aestrelata, 63
scandinaviae, Falco, 288
schillingsi, Pseudogyps, 262
schi0leri, Podiceps, 40
schistacea, Ardea, 111
schistacea, Asturina, 242
schistacea, Demigretta, 111
schistacea, Leucopternis, 242
schistacinus, Accipiter, 219
schistacinus, Astur, 219
schistochlamys, Accipiter, 217
schlegeli, Eudyptes, 31
schvedowi, Accipiter, 207
schvedowi, Astur, 207
scolopax, Nothocercus, 19
Scopidae, 126
Scopoidea, 126
Scopus, 126
sclateri, Eudyptes, 31
sclaterii, Casuarius, 6
scriptus, Elanus, 193
scutulata. Anas, 155
scutulata, Asarcornis, 155
seminocturnus, Thrasyaccipiter, 277
semipalmata, Anas, 145
semipalmata, Anseranas, 145
semiplumbea, Leucopternis, 242
semitorquatus, Falco, 282
semitorquatus, Micrastur, 277
semitorquatus, Sparvius, 277
semitorquatus, Polihierax, 282
senegalensis, Ephippiorhynchus, 130
senegalensis, Mycteria, 130
sennetti, Buteo, 228
septentrionalis, Cathartes, 190
septentrionalis, Falco, 294
septentrionalis, Tinamus, 12
serpentarius, Falco, 192
serpentarius, Sagittarius, 192
serrator, Mergus, 187
serrator, Morus, 82
serrator, Pelecanus, 82
serratus, Pezus, 14
serratus, Tinamus, 14
serrirostris, Anser, 148
severus, Falco, 292
sharpei, Accipiter, 222
sharpei, Astur, 218, 222
sibilatrix. Anas, 168
sibilatrix, Ardea, 114
sibilatrix, Mareca, 168
sibilatrix, Syrigma, 114
sibiricus, Anser, 147
sibiricus, Melanonyx, 147
Sibirionetta, 158
siliga, Pterodroma, 67
simitorquata, Falco, 282
simonsi, Buteo, 229
simonsi, Nothoprocta, 25
simplex, Crypturus, 19
sinensis, Aquila, 255
sinensis, Ardea, 121
sinensis, Ixobrychus, 121
sinensis, Phalacrocorax, 87
sinensis, Pelecanus, 87
sipora, Butorides, 106
sipora, Spilornis, 273
s.-johannis, Buteo, 236
s. johannis, Falco, 236
Smithaetus, 269
socorroensis, Buteo, 232
socorroensis, Oceanodroma, 74
sociabilis, Herpetotheres, 202
sociabilis, Rostrhamus, 202
solanderi, Macronectes, 46
solanderi, Pachyptila, 50
solanderi, Pseudoprion, 50
solandri, Procellaria, 63
solandri, Pterodroma, 63
solitarius, Buteo, 234
solitarius, Circaetus, 246
solitaria, Cryptura, 12
solitarius, Tinamus, 12
solitaria, Urubitornis, 246
soloensis, Accipiter, 212
soloensis, Falco, 212
Somateria, 179, 180
sordida, Procellaria, 66
sordida, Pterodroma, 66
soui, Crypturellus, 18
soui, Tinamus, 18
sparsa, Anas, 162
sparsimfasciatus, Accipiter, 209
sparsimfasciatus, Astur, 209
sparverius, Falco, 302
sparveroides, Falco, 303
Spatula, 169
spatzi, Struthio, 3
speciosa, Ardea, 108
speciosa, Ardeola, 108
spectabilis. Anas, 180
spectabilis, Astur, 274
spectabilis, Drytriorchis, 274
342
INDEX
spectabilis, Somateria, 180
Speculanas, 158
specularioides, Anas, 165
specularis, Anas, 165
spencei, Crypturellus, 22
spencei, Crypturus, 22
spenceri, Dromiceius, 10
Spheniscidae, 29
Sphenisciformes, 29
Spheniscus, 33
Sphenorhynchus, 128
sphenurus, Accipiter, 210
sphenurus, Falco, 210
sphenurus, Haliastur, 205
sphenurus, Milvus, 205
sphenurus, Puffinus, 55
spilogaster, Haematornis, 271
spilogaster, Hieraaetus, 252
spilogaster, Spilornis, 271
spilogaster, Spizaetus, 252
spilonotus. Circus, 267
Spilornis, 270
spilothorax, Circus, 267
spinicauda. Anas, 166
spinicollis, Carphibis, 132
Spizaetus, 248
Spizastur, 247
Spiziapteryx, 281
splendida, Lampribis, 134
spodiogaster, Butorides, 105
sponsa, Aix, 170
sponsa, Anas, 170
squamatus, Mergus, 187
stagnatilis, Ardetta, 107
stagnatilis, Butorides, 107
stalkeri, Platalea, 140
steadi, Carbo, 88, 92
steadi, Phalacrocorax, 88
steadi, Procellaria, 52
steadi, Sticticarbo, 92
steerei, Pernis, 199
stejnegeri, Melanitta, 181
stejnegeri, Oidemia, 181
stellaris, Ardea, 124
stellaris, Botaurus, 124
stellatus, Colymbus, 34
stellata, Gavia, 34
stelleri. Anas, 182
stelleri, Polysticta, 182
stenozona, Aviceda, 197
stenozona. Baza, 197
Stephanoaetus, 251
stevensoni, Accipiter, 223
stewarti, Phalacrocorax, 91
Stictapteryx, 11
Stictonetta, 156
stormi, Dissoura, 128
stormi, Melanopelargus, 128
streichi, Falco, 292
strepera. Anas, 168
streperus, Chaulelasmus, 168
stresemanni, Aviceda, 196
stresemanni. Baza, 196
striatus, Accipiter, 221
striata, Ardea, 104
striatus, Butorides, 104
striatulus, Accipiter, 208
striatulus, Astur, 208
strictipennis, Ibis, 132
strictipennis, Threskiornis, 132
strigulosus, Crypturellus, 22
strigulosus, Tinamus, 22
strumosa, Fregata, 96
Struthio, 3 ,
Struthionidae, 3
Struthioniformes, 3
sturmii, Ardea, 123
sturmii, Ixobrychus, 123
subaesalon, Falco, 294
subalaris, Puffinus, 59
subboschas. Anas, 159
subbuteo, Falco, 291
subcormoranus, Carbo, 87
subcristata, Aviceda, 197
subcristatus, Lepidogenys, 197
subcristatus, Trachypelmus, 13
subleucosternus, Haliastur, 205
submelanogenys, Falco, 290
subniger, Falco, 287
subtilis, Buteogallus, 245
subtilis, Urubitinga, 245
suckleyi, Falco, 296
suffusus, Casuarius, 9
Sula, 83
sula, Pelecanus, 84
sula, Sula, 84
sulaensis, Accipiter, 224
sulaensis, Circaetus, 274
sulaensis, Nisus, 224
sulaensis, Spilornis, 274
sulcirostris, Carbo, 86
sulcirostris, Phalacrocorax, 86
Sulidae, 82
Sulita, 82
INDEX
343
Suloidea, 82
sumatrana, Ardea, 98
sumbaensis, Accipiter, 212
sumbaensis, Urospizias, 212
sundevalli, Ardea, 104
sundevalli, Butorides, 104
superciliaris, Buteo, 239
superciliaris, Sparvius, 239
superciliosus, Accipiter, 218
superciliosa. Anas, 160
superciliosus, Falco, 218
suschkini, Gavia, 34
suschkini, Urinator, 34
swainsoni, Buteo, 233
swainsonii, Gampsonyx, 282
sylvestris, Accipiter, 212
syriacus, Struthio, 4
Syrigma, 114
tachiro, Accipiter, 209
tachiro, Falco, 209
Tachybaptus, 35 »
Tachyeres, 176
taczanowskii, Colymbus, 38
taczanowskii, Nothoprocta, 24
taczanowskii, Podiceps, 38
Tadorna, 157
tadorna, Anas, 157
tadorna, Tadorna, 157
tadornoides. Anas, 156
tadornoides, Casarca, 156
tseniata, Aptenodytes, 30
taeniatus, Morphnus, 246
tseniata, Pygoscelis, 30
taissiae. Circus, 264
tanypterus, Falco, 285
Taoniscus, 28
tao, Tinamus, 12
tarapacensis, Pterocnemia, 5
tasmanica, leracidea, 306
tataupa, Crypturellus, 23
tataupa, Tinamus, 23
teesa, Butastur, 243
teesa. Circus, 243
temminckii, Accipiter, 209
temminckii, Astur, 209
temminckii. Ibis, 133
temucoensis, Milvago, 279
tenebrosus, Astur, 209
teneriffae, Accipiter, 219
tenuirostris, Gyps, 262
tenuirostris, Puffinus, 56
tenuirostris, Rostrihamus, 202
Terathopius, 269
Teratornithidae, 192
territori, Haliastur, 205
territori, Mesocarbo, 87
territori, Mesophoyx, 112
territori, Phalacrocorax, 87
tethys, Oceanodroma, 72
tethys, Thalassidroma, 72
texanus, Buteo, 233
thagus, Pelecanus, 81
Thalassoica, 51
Thalassornis, 183
Thaumatibis, 132
Theristicus, 135
thompsoni, Pterodroma, 63
Thrasyaccipiter, 276
Threskiornis, 131
Threskiornithidae, 131
Threskiornithinae, 131
Threskiornithoidea, 131
thula, Ardea, 113
thula, Leucophoyx, 113
Thyellodroma, 55
Tigribaphe, 118
tigrina, Ardea, 118
Tigriornis, 118
Tigrisoma, 118
timorlaoensis, Aviceda, 196
timorlaoensis. Baza, 196
Tinamidae, 12
Tinamiformes, 12
Tinamotis, 29
Tinamus, 12
Tinnunculus, 294
tinnunculus, Falco, 298
titan, Fregetta, 70
tjendanae, Accipiter, 215
tobagensis, Butorides, 104
Toburides, 102
Tonophoyx, 102
Torgos, 260
tormenti, Demigretta, 112
torquata, Chaja, 142
torquata, Chauna, 142
torquatus, Falco, 215
toussenelii, Accipiter, 210
toussenelii, Nisus, 210
toyoshimai, Buteo, 236
tracheliotus, Torgos, 260
tracheliotus, Vultur, 260
trachyrhynchus, Pelecanus, 80
344
INDEX
transfasciatus, Crypturellus, 22
transfasciatus, Crypturus, 22
transriphaeus, Erythropus, 297
traversi, Phalacrocorax, 92
treganzai, Ardea, 99
tricarunculatus, Casuarius, 6
tricolor, Ardea, 113
tricolor, Hydranassa, 113
tricolor, Podiceps, 36
tricolor, Poliocephalus, 36
Trigonoceps, 260
trinitatis, Fregata, 97
trinotatus, Accipiter, 210
tristis, Anas, 161
tristrami, Oceanodroma, 74
trivirgatus, Accipiter, 217
trivirgatus, Falco, 217
tropica, Fregetta, 70
tropica, Thalassidroma, 70
tropicalis, Accipiter, 222
tropicalis, Buteo, 231
tropicalis, Cerchneis, 303
tropicalis, Falco, 303
trouessarti, Pterodroma, 62
tschusii, Falco, 284
tubulata, Fregetta, 71
tunneyi, Carbo, 90
tunneyi, Puffinus, 59
tunnyi, Fregata, 97
txirkestanicus, Cerchneis, 298
turneri, Merganetta, 188
turtur, Pachyptila, 50
turtur, Procellaria, 50
typicus, Gymnogenys, 269
typica, Halobaena, 47
typicus, Poloboroides, 269
tyrannus, Falco, 248
tyrannus, Spizaetus, 248
tzitzihoa, Anas, 167
Ultratinnunculus, Falco, 298
umbretta, Scopus, 126
umbrinus, Buteo, 231
unappendiculatus, Casuarius, 9
uncinatus, Chondrohierax, 200
uncinatus, Falco, 200
undulata. Anas, 161
undulata, Ardea, 120
undulatus, Crypturellus, 19
undulatus, Tinamus, 19
undulatus, Zebrilus, 120
unduliventer, Accipiter, 209
unduliventer, Falco, 209
unicinctus, Falco, 240
unicinctus, Parabuteo, 240
unicolor, Cerchneis, 301
uralensis, Falco, 286
uralensis, Hierofalco, 286
urile, Pelecanus, 90
urile, Phalacrocorax, 90
urinatrix, Pelecanoides, 76
urinatrix, Procellaria, 76
Uroaetus, 256
Urotriorchis, 227
urschi, Lophotibis, 139
Urubitinga, 244
urubitinga, Cathartes, 191
urubitinga, Falco, 244
urubitinga, Hypomorphnus, 244
Urubitornis, 246
urubu, Vultur, 190
ussuriana, Ardea, 101
ussuriana, Phoyx, 101
ussuriensis, Falco, 288, 292
vagans, Ictinia, 201
valisineria. Anas, 173
valisineria, Nyroca, 173
vanhoffeni, Phalacrocorax, 92
variegata. Anas, 156
variegata, Casarca, 156
variegatus, Crypturellus, 20
variegatus, Dysporus, 83
variegata. Spatula, 170
variegata, Sula, 83
variegatus, Tetrao, 20
varius, Pelecanus, 90
varius, Phalacrocorax, 90
velificans, Procellaria, 67
velificans, Pterodroma, 67
velox, Accipiter, 221
velox, Falco, 221
venator, Accipiter, 221
venezuelensis, Accipiter, 221
venezuelensis, Nothocercus, 15
ventralis, Accipiter, 221
ventralis, Buteo, 229
vermiculatus, Crypturellus, 19
vermiculatus, Tinamus, 19
verreauxii, Aquila, 256
verreauxii, Aviceda, 195
verrucosus, Halieus, 91
verrucosus, Phalacrocorax, 91
versicolor. Anas, 165
INDEX
345
vespertinus, Falco, 297
victoria, Ixobrychus, 121
victorise, Halobsena, 48
victorise, Oxjoira, 185
victorianus, Elanus, 193
viduata, Anas, 153
viduata, Dendrocygna, 153
vigilax, Accipiter, 216
vigilax, Astur, 216
vigua, Phalacrocorax, 86
vinaceigula, Melanophoyx, 109
vindhiana, Aquila, 255
violacea, Ardea, 116
violacea, Nyctanassa, 116
violicollis, Casuarius, 6
virescens, Ardea, 103
virescens, Butorides, 103
virgatus, Accipiter, 223, 277
virgatus, Falco, 223, 277
viridigularis, Gavia, 34
vittata, Erismatura, 185
vittata, Oxyura, 185
vittata, Procellaria, 48
v-nigra, Somateria, 179
vocifer, Falco, 257
vocifer, Haliseetus, 257
vociferoides, Haliseetus, 257
vociferus, Elanus, 193
vociferus, Falco, 193
vulcanorum, Podiceps, 36
vulcanorum, Poliocephalus, 36
vulgaris. Gyps, 261
vulpinus, Buteo, 235
vulpinus, Falco, 235
vulsini, Anhinga, 94
Vultur, 189
wahlbergi, Aquila, 256
waigiuensis, Salvadorina, 183
wallaca, Diomedella, 44
wallacii, Accipiter, 215
wallacii, Astur, 215
wardi, Ardea, 100
washingtoniensis, Falco, 258
washingtoniensis, Haliaeetus, 258
websteri, Sula, 84
weddelli, Tinamus, 12
weiskei, Eutolmaetus, 252
weiskei, Hieraaetus, 252
westralensis, Botaurus, 124
westraliensis, Milvus, 204
westralis, Biziura, 185
westralis, Carbo, 88
westralis, Casarca, 156
westralis, Diomedea, 42
westralis, Pelecanus, 80
westralis, Phaethon, 78
whitei, Hypoleucus, 90
whitei, Platalea, 140
whitneyi, Puffinus, 56
wilsoni, Fregata, 97
wilsonii, Chondrohierax, 200
wilsonii, Cymindis, 200
wilsoni, Macronectes, 46
wilsoni, Qilstrelata, 64
wilsonii, Procellaria, 68
wolfi. Circus, 267
wolterstorffi, Accipiter, 220
woodfordi, Ardeiralla, 123
woodfordi, Dupetor, 123
woodwardi, Dromiceius, 10
woodwardi, Eudyptula, 32
wortheni, Oestrelata, 64
wortheni, Pterodroma, 64
wyvilliana. Anas, 159
Xenorhynchus, 129
yapura, Crypturellus, 19
yapura, Pezus, 19
yelkouan, Procellaria, 57
yelkouan, Puffinus, 57
yetapa, Elanoides, 194
yetapa, Milvus, 194
zamorae, Rupornis, 238
zealanicus, Puffinus, 54
Zebrilus, 119 ■; '^
zechi, Pseudogyps, 262
zeledoni, Cancroma, 125
zeledoni, Cochlearius, 125
zenkeri, Accipiter, 222
Zonerodius, 118
zoniventris, Falco, 297
zonorhyncha, Anas, 160
zonothorax, Climacocercus, 278
zonothorax, Micrastur, 278
zuliensis, Tinamus, 13
3 2044 062 548 441
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