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CHECK-LIST
OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

VOLUME XV

CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS
OF THE WORLD

A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters

Edited by
ERNST MAYR and JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR.

VOLUME XV
By
Dean Amadon Emmet R. Blake

James C. Greenway, Jr. Ernst Mayr Reginald E. Moreau

Charles Vaurie

CAMBRIDGE . MASSACHUSETTS
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
1962

BIANCO LUNOS BOGTRYKKERI A/S
COPENHAGEN . DENMARK

INTRODUCTION

Perhaps it should go without saying that this will not be
the last volume of this series, even though it is numbered
volume 15, and lists the last eleven families of the Basel
sequence (vide Mayr and Greenway, 1956, Breviora, no. 58)
of the perching birds.

Kight volumes of the series have been published previously.
The first 7 volumes contain the Non-Passeres. The latest
(volume 9 of 1960) contains a listing of birds comprising the
first thirteen families of the order of perching birds. Even
though the editors had a manuscript for volume number 8 in
hand in 1960, they decided not to print it in that year, but
rather to bring the volume out later because of the consider-
able amount of new, basic work now going forward on the
large and complicated family of Tyrant Flycatchers. The
editors beg indulgence of librarians and others who may find
a lack of conformity in the issuance of the volumes of the
series confusing.

No important changes of style or format will be found in
the book. The authors and editors have attempted to solve
the vexing problem of the application of English names by
employing those used in the following publications — and in
these only: American Ornithologists’ Union’s Checklist of
North American Birds, Fifth edition (1957); Peterson, Mount-
fort, and Hollum’s Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and
Europe (1954); Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union’s Of-
ficial Checklist of the Birds of Australia (1926); The Ornitho-
logical Society of New Zealand’s Checklist of New Zealand
Birds (1953); and Vincent’s Check List of the Birds of South
Africa (1952).

An equally troublesome problem is the application of the
newer political names given almost every day to geographical
areas heretofore well known by accustomed names to geogra-
phers and ornithologists alike. We may hope that a satisfactory
compromise (for example, “Congo region’’) has been attained.

vi INTRODUCTION

The accounts of the 11 families of song birds in this volume
were prepared by six authors to whom the editors are deeply
indebted for their unselfish contribution to the eventual
completion of this work.

The Estrildidae, now no longer considered closely related to
the Ploceidae, as well as the Viduinae, will be included in
Volume 14.

Preparation and printing of this volume were supported by
grant number G-3124 of the National Science Foundation, to
which body we give heartfelt thanks.

Manuscript for this volume was completed on December 31,
1960. Only minor modifications were made after this date.

Dr. Finn Salomonsen has the sincere thanks of everyone
connected with this project for his well-directed efforts to-
wards its completion.

We are especially indebted to Dr. Raymond A. Paynter, Jr.
who kindly agreed to take over a large part of the editorial
and proof-reading duties.

Ernst Mayr
January 10, 1961. JAMES C. GREENWAY, Jr.

CONTENTS

ORDER PASSERIFORMES . 3

SUBORDER OSCINES. 3
Family Ploceidae, Weaverkinda —_ Regaiitd E. Morea anid

James C. Greenway, Jr. ‘ 3

Subfamily Bubalornithinae 3

Genus Bubalornis A. Smith . 3

Dinemellia Reichenbach . 4

Subfamily Passerinae . : 5

Genus Plocepasser A. Smith . 5

Histurgops Reichenow. 6

Pseudonigrita Reichenow 7

Philetairus A. Smith . 7

Passer Brisson. ANEY Me se sey a Ses oe 8

Petronia peas. Uo ss 6 we Aes gow we eee. 22

Montifringilla Brehm. 2. 2 Ge ws ree ss 28

Sporopipes Cabanis. . saais el 2. » i» 2 6 29

Subfamily Ploceinae . . . rete Seamiined ayes Von cede ee

Genus Amblyospiza Siaenall. Slew naeal (aba sn ah a Oud

Neospiza Salvador. 265 sae 5 sw ow os 82

IPIGEEHS ACIMMET Go. <<) cement a Yah) soa es oe OS

Malimibus, Viserlot oo. . a carlos ee lda wis es 6 OF

Queleaweschenbach. .. 5) fences coe eels Ol

Koudia Reichenbach. « 23s sie nte ss as « (62

Kuplectes Swainson <2 sss a se we OE

Anomalospiza Shelley. . ... cy GhUbR Raster cde ae

Family Sturnidae, Starlings by Dean Ageadon Shey ced se ou

Sobianily Sturninae: 7, ..<« vole\y ce ee ww se eee! a ED

CenusPAploniniGOUlniG) Secteeis G. sedis Gh < Bie 15

Poooptera Bonaparte: 2.020. 6. 8 we es 686

Grafisia Bates... . Apia Oe oan | sali nee Seed

Onychognathus Harilaub Ayeeiey & Gate 6. sng. On

Lamprotornis Temmnek 2.4: 2 . « « & . OT

Cingiyricincius Lesson... sleleis «5 «soe. 698

Speculipastor Revchenow ..........- Q99

Neogichla, Sharpessa soa sta es 2. 99

NDEOO Mess TAGs, Noo oitels « «so « + L200

Cosmopsarus Reichenow. .....'*..... 101

vill

CONTENTS

Saroglossa Hodgson.
Creatophora Lesson.
Necropsar Slater .
Fregilupus Lesson .
Sturnus Linnaeus
Leucopsar Stresemann
Acridotheres Vievllot .
Ampeliceps Blyth. .
Mino Lesson.

Basilornis Bonaparte ;
Streptocitta Bonaparte .
Sarcops Walden .
Gracula Linnaeus
Enodes Temminck .
Scissirostrum Lafresnaye

Subfamily Buphaginae . :
Genus Buphagus Brisson .

Family Oriolidae, Orioles by James C. Greaney, he

Genus Oriolus Linnaeus.

Family Dicruridae, Drongos by Charles Vane :

Sphecotheres Vievllot .

Genus Chaetorhynchus Meyer .

Family Callaeidae, New Zealand Wattlobicds by ingen anne
eae . dbz

Dicrurus Vievllot .

Genus Callaeas Forster .

Family Grallinidae, Australian Mud Nest ‘Baldor: i Ernst
Mayr .

Creadion Vieillot .
Heteralocha Cabanis .

Subfamily Geniinmnac
Genus Grallina Vievllot .
Subfamily Corcoracinae .
Genus Coreorax Lesson .

Family Artamidae, Wood-Swallows by rau Mave :

Struthidea Gould.

Genus Artamus Vvevllot .

Family Cracticidae, Australian Busenpebicds bi wee Awe
. 166

Genus Cracticus Vetllot .

Family Ptilonorhynchidae, Bowerbirds = Emnist Mayr.

Gymnorhina Gray .
Strepera Lesson .

Genus Ailuroedus Cabanis.

Scenopoeetes Coues.
Archboldia Rand.

. 102
. 103
. 103
. 103
. 104
» ae
. 12
te
. 115
. 116
ya
5 Nyy
as
. 120
. 120

121

. Wi
ae

122
136
137

= dae

138
157

. 158

158

> ae
. 159

159

. 260
. 160

160

. 160

161
166

. 168
« 170
2 Le
s ie
» Live
ie Wy

CONTENTS

Amblyornis Elliot
Prionodura De Vis.
Sericulus Swainson .
Ptilonorhynchus Kuhl
Chlamydera Gould . Sas ;
Family Paradisaeidae, Birds of Paradise by Beast Maye.
Subfamily Cnemophilinae . ASSO se a a
Genus Loria Salvadori
Loboparadisea Rothisthild:.
Cnemophilus De Vis .
Subfamily Paradisaeinae :
Genus Macgregoria De Vis .
Lycocorax Bonaparte .
Manucodia Boddaert .
Phonygammus Lesson and Gan not .
Ptiloris Swainson
Semioptera Gray.
Seleucidis Lesson.
Paradigalla Lesson .
Drepanornis Sclater. .
Epimachus Cuvier .
Astrapia Vvevllot .
Lophorina V7eillot .
Parotia Vzedllot
Pteridophora Meyer
Cicinnurus Vievllot .
Diphyllodes Lesson.
Paradisaea Linnaeus .
Family Corvidae, Crows and Jays by Binniet, R. Blake and
Charles Vaurie. :
Genus Platylophus Suminaon
Platysmurus Reichenbach .
Gymnorhinus Wied.
Cyanocitta Strickland.
Aphelocoma Cabanis .
Cyanolyca Cabanis .
Cissolopha Bonaparte .
Cyanocorax Bove.
Psilorhinus Riippell
Calocitta Gray.
Garrulus Brisson.
Perisoreus Bonaparte .
Urocissa Cabanis.
Cissa Boze.

ix

176
177

W772

178
179
181
181
181
182
182
183
183
184
184
185
187
188
189
189
189
190
191
193
194
196
197
198
199

. 204
. 205
. 205
. 206
. 206
. 210
> 216
- 219
. 220
. 226
. 228
. 228
. 235
. 240
. 242

INDEX

CONTENTS

Cyanopica Bonaparte .
Dendrocitta Gould .
Crypsirina Vvevllot .
Temnurus Lesson. .
Pica Brisson. . :
Zavattariornis Moltoni .
Podoces Fischer .

Pseudopodoces Zarudny and Loudon .

Nucifraga Brisson .
Pyrrhocorax Tunstall.
Ptilostomus Swainson. .
Corvus Linnaeus.

. 244
. 246
. 249
. 250
. 250
. 254
. 254
. 255
. 256
. 258
. 260
. 261
. 287

CHECK-LIST
OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

VOLUME XV

OrDER PASSERIFORMES

SUBORDER OSCINES
Famity PLOCEIDAE’”’

REGINALD E. Moreau (Africa, Indian Ocean)’

JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR.
(Palearctic, after Vaurie, 1959; India, after Salim Ali, MS)

ef. Chapin, 1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 37, pp. 243-280

(review).

Sushkin, 1927, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 57, pp. 1-32 (review).

Delacour and Jabouille, 1940, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn., 10,
pp. 213 (Indo-China).

Deignan, 1945, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 186, pp. 560-564 (Thailand).

Bannerman, 1949, Birds Trop. West Africa, 7, pp. 1-216.

Vincent, 1952, Check List Birds South Africa, pp. 103-108.

Smythies, 1953, Birds Burma, ed. 2, pp. 222-228.

Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75B, pp. 282-451
(Congo region).

Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1955, Birds Eastern and North
Eastern Africa, 2, pp. 824-1054.

White and Moreau, 1958, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 78, pp. 140-145;
157-163 (miscellaneous notes on non—Ploceine Ploceidae).

Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 556-591.

Moreau, 1959, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 79, pp. 117-124; 159-163
(miscellaneous notes on Ploceinae).

Moreau, 1960, Ibis, 102, pp. 298-321; 443-471 (review).

SUBFAMILY BUBALORNITHINAE
GENus BUBALORNIS Smirx

Bubalornis A.Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa, p. 51.
Type, by monotypy, Bb. niger A. Smith.

BUBALORNIS ALBIROSTRIS
Buffalo Weaver

Bubalornis albirostris albirostris (Vieillot)
Coccothraustes albirostris Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 13, p.535 — Africa. Restricted to Senegal by
Hartert, 1907, Novit. Zool., 14, p. 485.

1 MS read by Chapin, Delacour, Vincent and Stresemann.

2 For Estrildidae and Viduinae, see Vol. 14.

3 Genera and species were listed alphabetically in the original manuscript,
for the reasons given in Ibis, 102, pp. 467-468. An attempt to place them in
a sequence consistent with the available knowledge of their relationship was
made by the editors with special assistance by J. P. Chapin.

+ CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Textor senegalensis Shelley, 1896, Birds Africa, 1, p. 34 — Gambia.
Senegal to the Sudan from Kordofan and Kassala southwards;
northern Uganda; N.W. Kenya; Ethiopia north of about lat. 10° N.

Bubalornis albirostris intermedius (Cabanis)
Textor intermedius Cabanis, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., p. 413 — Kisuani,
Usambara [NE. Tanganyika Territory]; see Cabanis, 1869,
in von der Decken, Reise Ost Afr., p. 32.
Textor scioanus Salvadori, 1884, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 21, p.
195 — Daimbi, Shoa.
Textor albirostris nyansae Neumann, 1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53,
p. 335 — Kwa Kitoto, Kavirondo.
Ethiopia south of about lat. 10° N.; the Somalilands; eastern and
southern Kenya; Tanganyika (except southeast of a line drawn
from about Mwanza to the head of Lake Nyasa).

Bubalornis albirostris niger Smith
Bubalornis niger A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa, p. 52
— Kurrichane.

Southern Angola; northern South West Africa; Bechuanaland;
southern and eastern Northern Rhodesia; western and extreme
southeastern Southern Rhodesia; Transvaal: eastern border of
southern Mozambique.

GENUS DINEMELLIA REICHENBACH

Dinemellia Reichenbach, 1863, Singvogel, p. 88. Type, by mono-
typy, Textor leucocephalus Riippell = Textor dinemelli Riippell.

DINEMELLIA DINEMELLI

Dinemellia dinemelli dinemelli (Riippell)
Textor dinemelli Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers., p. 72, pl. 30 — Shoa
(ex Horsfield MS).1
Dinemellia dinemelli ruspolii Salvadori, 1894, Mem. Accad.
Torino, ser. 2, 44, p. 558 — ““Banan (?)”’.
Southeastern Sudan; southern Ethiopia; the Somalilands; dry

northern and eastern Kenya Colony, intergrading in southern
Kenya and NE. Tanganyika with D. d. béhmi.

Dinemellia dinemelli bOhmi (Reichenow)

Textor b6hmi Reichenow, 1885, Journ. f. Orn., 33, p. 372 — north-
western Tanganyika Territory (implied). Type in Berlin Museum
from Kakoma.

Tanganyika, in dry areas from Kenya border to near head of

Lake Nyasa; Congo region at southern end of Lake Tanganyika.

1 See Richmond, 1907, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 53, p. 596.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 5

SuspraMILy PASSERINAE
Genus PLOCEPASSER Smtr
Plocepasser A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Cent. Africa, p. 51. Type,

by monotypy, P. mahali A. Smith.

Fullerellus Oberholser, 1945, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus., 4, p. 112.
Type, by original designation, Plocepasser donaldsoni Sharpe.

PLOCEPASSER MAHALI
White-browed Sparrow-Weaver

PJocepasser mahali melanorhynchus Bonaparte
Plocepasser melanorhynchus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 444 — Shoa; ex Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers., p. 78 (nomen
nudum).
Sudan south of about lat. 6° N.; northern and extreme western
Uganda; southern Ethiopia west of the Rift; Kenya excluding
coastal strip.

Plocepasser mahali propinquatus Shelley

Plocepasser propinquatus Shelley, 1887, Ibis, p. 6 — “Somali”
[Bandera, Juba River, according to Mackworth-Praed and
Grant, 1955, Birds Eastern and North Eastern Africa, 2,
p. 864].

Plocepasser melanorhynchus erlangert Reichenow, 1907, Journ. f.
Orn., 55, p.4 — Kismayu.

Southern Somaliland.

Plocepasser mahali pectoralis (Peters)

Philagrus pectoralis Peters, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., 16, p. 133 —
Inhambane.

Tanganyika coastal zone south of about the Central Railway;
Nyasaland south of lat. 14°8.; central Mozambique; Northern
Rhodesia in Eastern Province to Luangwa Valley and up Zambesi
Valley to Sesheke; Southern Rhodesia (except southwest); northern
Bechuanaland.

Plocepasser mahali ansorgei Hartert
Plocepasser mahali ansorgei Hartert, 1907, Novit. Zool., 14, p.
487 — Wawayella, Benguella, [Angola].
Southern Angola, intergrading with stentor in extreme northern
South West Africa.
Plocepasser mahali stentor Clancey
Plocepasser mahali stentor Clancey, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit., 5,
p. 17 — Kenhardt, northwestern Cape Province, South Africa.

South West Africa; northwestern Cape Province; Bechuanaland ;
southwestern Southern Rhodesia; western Transvaal. (Intergrading
southeastwards with P.m. mahali.)

CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

6
Plocepasser mahali mahali Smith

Plocepasser mahali A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa,

p. 51 — between the Orange River and the Tropic, restricted

to Modder River, near junction with the Riet River, Orange

Free State by Clancey, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit., 5, p. 48.

Western Orange Free State; north central Cape Province.
PLOCEPASSER SUPERCILIOSUS

Plocepasser superciliosus (Cretzschmar)
Ploceus superciliosus Cretzschmar, 1827, in Riippell’s Atlas Vog.,

p. 24 — Kordofan.
Plocepasser superciliosus brunnescens Grote, 1922, Journ. f. Orn.,

70, p. 399 — Bosum, Cameroons.
Plocepasser superciliosus bannermani Grant and Mackworth-
Praed, 1943, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 64, p.18—Gomit River,
Big Abbai, 60 miles south of Lake Tana, northern Abyssinia.
Senegal to Eritrea; Sudan; Ethiopia; northwestern Uganda;
Congo region on western shore of Lake Albert; northwestern Kenya.

PLOCEPASSER DONALDSONI

Plocepasser donaldsoni Sharpe
Plocepasser donaldsoni Sharpe, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5,
p. 14— eastern Africa near Lasamis, Kenya Colony ([lat.

1° 40’ N., long. 37° 48’ E.], according to Sclater, 1930, Syst.

Av. Aethiop., p. 718.
Between lat. 0° 30’ N. and lat. 4° 30’ N. and from Lake Rudolf to
about long. 38° E. (Chanler’s Falls), i.e. part of northern Kenya
and just over the frontier of Ethiopia.
PLOCEPASSER RUFOSCAPULATUS
Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Weaver
Plocepasser rufoscapulatus Biittikofer
Plocepasser rufoscapulatus Bittikofer, 1888, Notes Leyden Mus.,
10, p. 238, pl. 9 — Kasinga River, South Angola.
Southern Angola; southeastern Congo region; northwestern
Bechuanaland ; Northern Rhodesia except west (Barotseland); part

of northern Nyasaland (Mzimba).
Genus HISTURGOPS ReEIcHENow

Histurgops Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 67. Type, by
original designation, Histurgops ruficauda Reichenow.

HISTURGOPS RUFICAUDA

Histurgops ruficauda Reichenow
Histurgops ruficauda Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 67

— Wembaere [Tanganyika, about lat. 5° S., long. 34° E.].

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 7

Tanganyika Territory; southeast of Lake Victoria between about
Mwanza, Musoma, Mbulu, and Wembere.

Genus PSEUDONIGRITA ReEIcHENOW
Pseudonigrita Reichenow, 1903, Journ. f. Orn., 51, p. 149. Type,
by original designation, Nigrita arnaudi Bonaparte.

Whitellus Oberholser, 1945, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus., 4, p. 113.
Type, by original designation, Nigrita cabanisi Fischer and
Reichenow.

PSEUDONIGRITA ARNAUDI

Pseudonigrita arnaudi (Bonaparte)
Nigrita arnaudi Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 444 —
White Nile.
Pseudonigrita arnaudi kapitensis Mearns, 1910, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 56 (14), p.5 —Juja Farm, Kapiti Plains, Kenya.
Southwestern Sudan; dry areas of Uganda and Kenya; extreme
northern Tanganyika between Lake Natron and Kilimanjaro.

Pseudonigrita arnaudi dorsalis (Reichenow)

Nigrita dorsalis Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 71 —
Wembaere Steppe [Tanganyika, about lat. 5° S., long. 34° E.].

Nigrita emini Reichenow, 1891, Journ .f. Orn., 39, p. 158 —
Muhalala [about 20 miles west of Dodoma, Tanganyika].

Tanganyika between Lake Victoria and the central railway line
(Tabora—Dodoma).

Pseudonigrita arnaudi australoabyssinicus Benson

Pseudonigrita arnaudi australoabyssinicus Benson, 1942, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 63, p. 19 — Yavello, south Abyssinia.

Extreme southern Ethiopia.

PSEUDONIGRITA CABANISI

Pseudonigrita cabanisi (Fischer and Reichenow)
Nigrita cabanisi Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32,
p. 54 — plains by Pare Mts., [Tanganyika Territory].
Philetairus cabanisi enchorus Oberholser, 1904, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 27, p. 683 — Dabulli, West Somaliland.
Central and southern Ethiopia; dry eastern Kenya and north-
eastern Tanganyika.

GreNus PHILETAIRUS Smiru

Philetairus A. Smith, 1837, Charlesworth’s Mag. Nat. Hist., 1,
p. 536. Type, by original designation, Hwuplectes lepidus Swain-
son = Loxia socia Latham.

2

8 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PHILETAIRUS SOCIUS
Sociable Weaver
Philetairus socius geminus Grote
Philetairus socius geminus Grote, 1922, Journ. f. Orn., 70, p. 45
— Okaukwejo [northern South West Africa].
South West Africa north of about lat. 19° S.

Philetairus socius socius (Latham)

Loxia socia Latham, 1790, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 381 — inland of Cape
of Good Hope. Restricted to Warmbad, South West Africa, by
Macdonald, 1957, Contr. Orn. W. South Africa, p. 156.

South West Africa south of about lat. 20° S.

Philetairus socius lepidus Smith

Philetairus lepidus A. Smith, 1837, Charlesworth’s Mag. Nat. Hist.,
1, p. 536 — districts round Latakoo, i. e. Kuruman, northern
Cape Province.

Part of northern Cape Province, southern Bechuanaland Pro-

tectorate, western Transvaal, and adjacent parts of Orange Free
State.

Philetairus socius eremnus Clancey

Philetairus socius eremnus Clancey, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit.,
5, p. 48 — Kransfontein, north of Prieska, northern Cape
Province, South Africa.

Southern Asbestos Mountains and near Prieska, northern Cape
Province.

Genus PASSER Brisson

Passer Brisson, 1760, Orn., 1, p. 36. Type, by subsequent de-
signation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 46), Fringilla
domestica Linnaeus.

Auripasser Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 519. Type,
by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen.
Birds, p. 77), Fringilla luteus Lichtenstein.

Sorella Hartlaub, 1880, Journ. f. Orn., 28, p. 210. Type, by mono-
typy, Sorella eminibey Hartlaub.

Caffropasser Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 261. Type,
by monotypy, Loxia melanura Miiller.

PASSER AMMODENDRI

Passer ammodendri korejewi Zarudny and Harms
Passer ammodendri korejewi Zarudny and Harms, 1902, Orn.
Monatsb., 10, p. 53 — “eastern part of Transcaspia between
the foothills of the Paropamisus and the Amu Darya’.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 9

Eastern Transcaspia (or Turkmenian Kara Kum) from the Amu
Darya south to the mountains on the borders of Iran and Af-
ghanistan.

Passer ammodendri ammodendri Gould
Passer ammodendri Gould, 1872, Birds of Asia, pt. 24, pl. 15 —
“Turkestan” [Djulek, above Kzyl Orda, on the Syr Darya,
according to Hartert, 1904, V6g. pal. Fauna, p. 158].
Russian Turkestan, along the middle and lower Syr Darya, Ili
River Valley, region of the Issyk Kul, and Manas River Valley in
Dzungaria.

Passer ammodendri stoliczkae Hume
Passer Stoliczkae Hume, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2, p. 516 —
“about four miles east of Kashgar’’.

Deserts and subdeserts of China along the Tarim River and
foothills of the Tian Shan and Astin Tagh, in Sinkiang and Inner
Mongolia eastward, south of the Gobi Desert, to Ordos at about
long. 112° E.

Passer ammodendri timidus Sharpe
Passer timidus Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 12, p. 339 —
Gobi Desert.

Southern Outer Mongolia. Range not well understood.

PASSER DOMESTICUS
House Sparrow

Passer domesticus domesticus (Linnaeus)

Fringilla domestica Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 183 —
Sweden.

Passer domesticus semiretschiensis Zarudny and Kudashev, 1916,
Nasha Okhota, p.37— Verny, Djarkent, and Przhevalsk,
Russian Turkestan.

Passer domesticus balearoibericus von Jordans, 1923, Falco, 19,
Sonderheft, p. 4 — Valldemosa, Mallorca.

Passer domesticus baicalicus Keve, 1943, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
math.-naturwiss., 80, p. 20 — Kultuk, southern Lake Baikal.

Europe from Lapland southward through Britain, France, and
Spain and eastward (except in Italy and the Near East) through
the Balkans, Russia, and Siberia, south of a line from the lower
Ob and Vilyui Rivers (about lat. 65° N.) to the Lena and Udskoe
Gulf, and north of a line from the Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash, northern
Mongolia, and northern Manchuria (about lat. 48° N.) to the mouth
of the Amur. Hybridizes with hispaniolensis in Greece, Turkey,

2o*

10 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Aegean Islands.! Introduced in North, Central, and South America,
Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, Falkland Islands, Hawaiian Islands,
South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand and associated islands.

Passer domesticus italiae (Vieillot)?
Fringilla Italiae Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
12, p. 199 — Italy.
Passer italiae schiebeli Rokitansky, 1934, Falco, 30, p. 7 — Canea,
Crete.
Extreme southeastern France (Maritime Alps), Corsica, Italy,
Sicily and Crete.

Passer domesticus tingitanus Loche
[Passer domesticus| A. Tingitanus Loche, 1867, Expl. Sci. Algérie,
Ois., p. 132 — Algeria.
Passer domesticus ahasver Kleinschmidt, 1904, Orn. Monatsb.,
p. 7 — Marrakech. [= hybrid domesticus tingitanus x hispaniolen-
Sis].
Northwestern Africa in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya south
in oases of the Sahara desert. Hybridizes freely with hispaniolensis
in parts of the range.

Passer domesticus biblicus Hartert®

Passer domestica biblicus Hartert, 1904, Vo6g. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 149
—fSueme, Palestine.

Passer domesticus persicus Zarudny and Kudashev, 1916, Nasha
Okhota, p. 37 — Arabistan, southwestern Iran.

From Cyprus, Asia Minor, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, the Sinai
Peninsula, and northern Arabia, northward (west of the range of
hyrcanus) to the Caucasus, and through central (Hamadan) and
southern Iran, eastward to southern Afghanistan (where it inter-
grades with indicus).

Passer domesticus niloticus Nicoll and Bonhote

Passer domesticus niloticus Nicoll and Bonhote, 1909, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 23, p. 101 — El Faiyum, Egypt.

Passer domesticus halfae Meinertzhagen, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
41, p. 67 — Wadi Halfa, northern Sudan.

1 For accounts of hybridization see Meise, 1936, Journ. f. Orn., 84, pp.
631-672; Niethammer, 1948, Journ. f. Orn., 91, pp. 195-197 (Greece, Turkey
where predominantly domesticus, Aegean islands), and Vaurie, 1949, Amer,
Mus. Novit., no. 1406, pp. 9-22, and ¢.c., 1956, pp. 1-7 (Africa, Near East.
etc.).

2 This subspecies appears to be a hybrid population (domesticus x hispa-
niolensis). Morphological characters are those of domesticus in the northern
part of the range but approach those of hispaniolensis in the south.

° For P. d. tauricus and P. d. colchicus see p. 283.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 11

Egypt, from the Mediterranean coast southward, along the Suez
Canal and the Nile Valley to the vicinity of Wadi Halfa (range of
rufidorsalis) and Berbera, British Somaliland, where probably in-
troduced.

Passer domesticus rufidorsalis Brehm

Plasser] rufidorsalis C. L. Brehm, 1855, Naumannia, p. 277 —
northeast Africa; restricted to Khartoum, Sudan, by Vaurie,
1959.

Passer arboreus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 510 —
Sennar, not Passer arboreus T. Forster, 1827.

Nile Valley in the Sudan from the vicinity of Wadi Halfa (range

of niloticus) southward to the Blue Nile in Sennar and vicinity of
Renk (about lat. 2° 30’ N.). Introduced on Comoro Islands.

Passer domesticus indicus Jardine and Selby

Passer indicus Jardine and Selby, 1835, Ill. Orn., 3, pl. 118 —
India, restricted to Bangalore by Kinnear, 1925, Ibis, p. 751.

Pyrgita nigricollis Burton, 1838, Cat. Birds Mus. Fort Pitt,
Chatham, p. 23 — South India.

Passer confucius Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 37, p. 915 — China; errore = Rangoon.

Passer enigmaticus Zarudny, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, pp. 130—
131 — Hurmuk and Kamschar, Persian Baluchistan. Specimens
based on intersexes, vide Mayr, 1949, Ibis, 91, pp. 304-306.

Passer domesticus soror Ripley, 1946, Spolia Zeylanica, 24, p. 241,
Nikawella State Farm, Rattota, Matale District, Ceylon.

From Arabia (except in the eastern region occupied by hufufae)
and southern Afghanistan (where intergrades with biblicus) east-
ward through the foothills of the Himalayas to East Pakistan and
plains of Burma, and southward throughout India and Ceylon.
Introduced in South Africa, Zanzibar, Comoro Islands, and Mas-
carene Islands.

?Passer domesticus hufufae Ticehurst and Cheesman!

Passer domesticus hufufae Ticehurst and Cheesman, 1924, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 45, p. 19 — Hufuf town, Hasa Province, eastern
Arabia.

Chalk-sandstone regions of eastern Arabia from Hasa to Muscat.

Passer domesticus hyrcanus Zarudny and Kudashev
Passer domesticus hyrcanus Zarudny and Kudashev, 1916, Nasha

1 According to Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds of Arabia, p. 103, this form
cannot be separated from indicus.

12 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Okhota, p. 38 — Astrabad, Gilan, and Mazanderan, northern
Tran.

Southwestern and southern regions bordering the Caspian Sea
from Talyeh and northern Iran eastward to Gurgan (= Astrabad).

Passer domesticus bactrianus Zarudny and Kudashev
Passer domesticus bactrianus Zarudny and Kudashev, 1916,
Nasha Okhota, p. 37 — Merv, Tashkent; type from Tashkent
(Meinertzhagen, 1938, Ibis, p. 507).
?Passer griseigularis Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 12,
p- 313 (note) — Kandahar.

From the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea, and north of the
Syr Darya, eastward to the Kirgiz Range and the Terskei Ala
Tau (south of Issyk Kul [Lake]), and southward to central Af-
ghanistan (range of biblicus) and northern Baluchistan. Migrates
to the plains of northwestern India. Northern Sudan, where said ,
to have been introduced.

Passer domesticus parkini Whistler
Passer domesticus parkini Whistler, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41,
p. 13 — Srinagar, Kashmere.

Himalayas from 5,000 to 15,000 feet (above the range of indicus)
from Kashmir eastward to N epal, wandering ieee southward
to the northern plains in winter.

PASSER HISPANIOLENSIS
Spanish Sparrow

Passer hispaniolensis hispaniolensis (Temminck)
Fringilla hispaniolensis Temminck, 1820, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 1,
p. 353 — Algeciras, southern Spain.
Passer hispaniolensis arrigonti Tschusi, 1903, Orn. Jahrb., p. 7 —
La Maddalena, Sardinia.
Passer hispaniolensis canariensis Tschusi, 1915, Orn. Jahrb.,
(1914), p. 54 — Oliva, Fuerteventura, Canaries.

Spain and neighboring regions of Portugal; Canary Islands; Cape
Verde Islands; Sardinia; North Africa from Morocco to Cyrenaica;
Balkan Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asia Minor, where it probably
intergrades with transcaspicus. Hybridizes in many areas with
P. domesticus (q. v.).

Passer hispaniolensis transcaspicus Tschusi

Passer hispaniolensis transcaspicus Tschusi, 1902, Orn. Monatsb.,
10, p. 96 — Jelotan [= Iolotan, near Merv], Transcaspia, fide
Tschusi, 1903, Orn. Jahrb., p. 10.

1 Unidentifiable as to subspecies, fide Vaurie, 1949.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 13

Passer hispaniolensis terekius Buturlin, 1929, Syst. notes birds
northern Caucasus, p. 41 — Malaia Areshevka, Kizlyar district,
Terek Delta, northern Caucasus.

North of the Caucasus Mountains in the Terek Valley; Trans-
caucasia southward throughout Ivan and eastward from the Caspian
Sea to the Tian Shan and the Tarim basin (about long. 84° E.) in
Sinkiang, and southward to Afghanistan. Winters in the Nile
Valley, eastern Arabia, southern Iran and Iraq, southern Af-
ghanistan and northern plains of India. Probably intergrades with
hispaniolensis in Asia Minor.

PASSER PYRRHONOTUS

Passer pyrrhonotus Blyth

Passer pyrrhonotus Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13,
p- 946 — Bahawalpur, Sind.

Locally distributed in the plains and along rivers in extreme
southeastern Iran, and probably Baluchistan, and West Pakistan
along the Sutledge, Jhelum, and Indus Rivers from the region of
Gurdaspur in the Punjab southward to the delta.

PASSER CASTANOPTERUS

Passer castanopterus fulgens Friedmann

Passer castanopterus fulgens Friedmann, 1931, Occ. Papers Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 428 — Indunumara Mts., Kenya Colony.

Ethiopia on the Kenya border; Kenya south to Lokitaung and
Marsabit.

Passer castanopterus castanopterus Blyth

Passer castanopterus Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24,
p. 302 — Somaliland.

British Somaliland and northern Somalia.

PASSER RUTILANS

Passer rutilans cinnamomeus (Gould)

Pyrgita cinnamomea Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1835,
p. 185 — “‘apud montes Himalayenses’’ [restricted to NW.
Himalayas by Ticehurst, 1927, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.,
32, p. 347].

Passer rutilans debilis Hartert, 1904, Vog. Pal. Fauna, 1, p. 162
— Sind-Tal in Kashmir.

Passer rutilans schaeferi Stresemann, 1939, Orn. Monatsb., 47,
p. 176 — Siid-Tibet; Shigatse.

14 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Breeds in northeastern Afghanistan and Chitral eastward on the
southern slopes of the Himalayas, from 3,000 to 11,000 feet, to
Assam, north of the Brahmaputra; also southeastern Tibet; descend-
ing to the lower foothills and adjacent plains in winter.

Passer rutilans intensior Rothschild

Passer rutilans intensior Rothschild, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
43, p. 11 — Mekong Valley.

Passer rutilans yunnanensis La Touche, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
43, p. 120 — Lotukow, SE. Yunnan.

Passer rutilans lisarum Stresemann, 1940, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin,
24, p. 72 — Mt. Victoria.

Passer rutilans annectans Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc. India, 4,
p. 154 — Mawryngkneng, Khasi Hills.

Breeds in China from central and eastern Sikang south to southern
Yunnan, northwestern Tonkin and the Tranning Plateau in Laos,
and in Burma south to the Chin Hills, Mt. Victoria, and the Karen
Hills, and westward to the hills of Assam, south of the Brahmaputra
to Manipur.

Passer rutilans rutilans (Temminck)
Fringilla rutilans Temminck, 1835, Pl. Col., livr. 99, pl. 588,
fig. 2 — Japan.
Passer rutilans kikuchii Kuroda, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45,
p. 16 — Horisha, Nanto district, central Formosa.
Passer rutilans ignoratus Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 61, p. 16 — Mount Omei, Szechwan.

Breeds in China from southern Kansu, Shensi, and Szechwan
southward to Kwangsi and Kwangtung, and eastward, south of the
Yangtze Kiang, to northern Chekiang and Fukien; Formosa; and
in Korea, southern Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and Honshu.

PASSER FLAVEOLUS

Passer flaveolus Blyth
Passer flaveolus Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 946
— Arakan.
From the Chin Hills of northern Burma eastward, throughout
Thailand, to southern Laos, and southward to Karreni, Peninsular
Thailand, Cambodia, and Cochin-China.

PASSER MOABITICUS

Passer moabiticus moabiticus Tristram
Passer moabiticus Tristram, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 169
— Palestine

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 15

Passer mesopotamicus Zarudny, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., p. 108 —
Mochammera [= Khurramshahr, Khuzistan], southwestern
Iran.

A discontinuous and localized range along the lower valley of
the Jordan River and shores of the Dead Sea, and in Iraq along
the lower Tigris from just below Baghdad to the mouth of the
Karun River in southwestern Iran.

Passer moabiticus yatii Sharpe
Passer yatii Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 12, p. 322 —
Dedadi, western Afghanistan [Seistan].

Extreme eastern Iran [Seistan] and western Afghanistan.

PASSER IAGOENSIS
Great Sparrow

Passer iagoensis cordofanicus Heuglin
Passer cordofanicus Heuglin, 1871, Orn. Nordost. Afr., Nachtr.,
p. 141 — Kordofan (ex Passer motitensis, Heuglin, ibid., p. 634).
Northwestern Sudan in Kordofan and Darfur.

Passer iagoensis shelleyi Sharpe

Passer shelleyi Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 256 — Lado [southern
Sudan].

Sudan south of about lat.6° N.; northern Uganda; extreme
southern Ethiopia; extreme western British Somaliland.

Passer iagoensis hemileucus Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes

Passer hemileucus Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes, 1900, Bull. Liver-
pool Mus., 2, p. 3 — Abd el Kuri Island.

Ab, el Kuri Island, between Cape Guardafui and Socotra.

Passer iagoensis insularis Sclater and Hartlaub

Passer insularis Sclater and Hartlaub, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 169 — Socotra.

Socotra.

Passer iagoensis rufocinctus Finsch and Reichenow
Passer rufocinctus Finsch and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn.,
32, p. 55 — Lake Naivasha [Kenya].
Kenya, round the eastern highlands; Tanganyika in the adjacent
extreme north.

Passer iagoensis motitensis Smith

Passer motitensis A. Smith, 1848, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Aves, pl. 114
— 60 miles south of Orange River; restricted to near Hopetown,

16 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

northern Cape Province by Macdonald (1957, Contr. Orn.
W. South Africa, p. 157).

South West Africa through Bechuanaland and Transvaal to
Swaziland; extreme southwestern Southern Rhodesia. Apparently
not now known from south of the Orange River, whence came the

type.

Passer iagoensis iagoensis (Gould)

Pyrgita Iagoensis Gould, 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837,
p. 77 —Sao Tiago, Cape Verde Islands.

Passer brancoensis Oustalet, 1883, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., (6), 16,
art. 5, p. 2 — Branco, Cape Verde Islands.

Cape Verde Islands.

Passer iagoensis benguellensis Lynes
Passer iagoensis benguellensis Lynes, 1926, Ibis, p. 380 — Huxe,
Benguella.
Southern Angola.

PASSER MELANURUS
Mossie

Passer melanurus vicinus Clancey
Passer melanurus vicinus Clancey, 1958, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 78,
p- 59 — Bethlehem, eastern Orange Free State.

Southern Transvaal, western Swaziland, eastern Orange Free
State, Basutoland, extreme eastern Cape Province.

Passer melanurus melanurus (Miiller)

Loxia melanura P. L. 8. Miller, 1776, Syst. Nat., Suppl., p. 153
— Cape of Good Hope; restricted to Cape Town by Macdonald
(1957, Contr. Orn. W. South Africa, p. 157).

Fringilla arcuata Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 2, p. 912 — Cape of
Good Hope.

Cape Province (except Little Namaqualand and extreme east);

Western Orange Free State.

Passer melanurus damarensis Reichenow

Passer arcuatus damarensis Reichenow, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10,
p. 77 — Damaraland. Type in Berlin Museum from Brakwater,
12 miles north of Windhuk.!
Southwestern Angola; South West Africa; extreme northwestern
Cape Province (Little Namaqualand); Bechuanaland; western
Transvaal.

1 Teste E. Stresemann in litt.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 17

PASSER GRISEUS
Grey-headed Sparrow

Passer griseus swainsonii (Riippell)

Pyrgita swainsonii Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel, p. 94,
pl. 33 — Abyssinia.

Passer griseus neumanni Zedlitz, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 180
— eastern sandy coastal strip [of Eritrea and northern Abyssi-
nia], Salamona, Eritrea.

Passer griseus abyssinicus Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
21, p. 70 — Ghadi-Saati, Mareb R., Eritrea.

Passer griseus eritrea Zedlitz, 1911, Journ. f. Orn., 59, p. 33 —
Tacazzé, Eritrea.

Eastern and southern Ethiopia, intergrading southwards with

gongonensis.

Passer griseus gongonensis (Oustalet)

Pseudostruthus gongonensis Oustalet, 1890, Naturaliste, p. 274 —
Gongoni, near Mombasa.

Passer griseus turkanae Granvik, 1934, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 25,
p- 150 — Lotonok, Turkana, northwestern Kenya.

Passer griseus jubaensis Benson, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 63,
p. 18 — Mandera, Juba River.

Passer griseus tertale Benson, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 63, p. 17
— 30 miles west of Yavello, south Abyssinia.

Extreme southern Ethiopia, Kenya, extreme northeastern
Tanganyika.

Passer griseus suahelicus Reichenow

Passer griseus suahelicus Reichenow, 1904, Vég. Africa, 3, p. 231
— Bussissi [Mwanza district, Tanganyika Territory].

Central Tanganyika from Mwanza to Rukwa and Iringa.

Passer griseus luangwae Benson
Passer diffusus luangwae Benson, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 76,
p- 40 — Mupamadzi River, Luangwa Valley, Northern Rho-
desia.
Luangwa Valley between lat. 11° 45’S. and lat. 12° 37’S.,
Northern Rhodesia.

Passer griseus mosambicus Van Someren
Passer griseus mosambicus Van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 114— Lumbo, Portuguese East Africa.
Eastern Tanganyika and off-lying islands; Mozambique; inter-
grading through Nyasaland with P. g. diffusus.

18 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Passer griseus griseus (Vieillot)

Fringilla grisea Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
12, p.198— United States [error = Senegal (Lafresnaye,
1839, Rev. Zool., p. 95)].

Passer occidentalis Shelley, 1883, Ibis (5) 1, p. 548 — West Africa
(Lokoja, S. Nigeria, according to Lynes, 1926, Ibis, p. 383).

Passer diffusus thierryi Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 190
— Mangu, Togo.

Passer diffusus ugandae Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 231 —
Uganda (Manjonga).

Passer nikersoni Madarasz, 1911, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, 9,
p. 341 — Chor-em-Dul, Sennar district, Sudan.

Passer albiventris Madarasz, 1911, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, 9,
p. 342 — Sudan.

Passer griseus kleinschmidti Grote, 1922, Journ. f. Orn., 70, p. 483
— Ngaundere, [French] Cameroons.

Senegal to Ethiopia (where it intergrades with swainsonit), south

to the Congo, Angola, Uganda, extreme western Kenya (Kavirondo),
western Tanganyika, and most of Northern Rhodesia.

?Passer griseus laeneni Niethammer
Passer griseus laeneni Niethammer, 1955, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 6,
p- 75 — Bol, east bank of Lake Chad.
East side of Lake Chad to Ennedi and Air.

Passer griseus diffusus (Smith)

Pyrgita diffusa A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Cent. Africa, p. 50
— between the Orange River and the tropic; restricted to
“near Kuruman” by Macdonald and Hall (1957, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 23, p. 35).

Passer griseus georgicus Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Africa, 3, p. 231
— Damaraland (Otjimbingue).

Passer griseus zedlitzi Gyldenstolpe, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p- 32 — near Benguella town.

Passer diffusus stygiceps Clancey, 1953, Durban Mus. Novit., 4,
p- 116 — Umzinyati Falls, Inanda, near Durban, Natal.

Coastal Angola; northern South West Africa; Bechuanaland;

Southern Rhodesia; Transvaall; Orange Free State; Natal.t

PASSER SIMPLEX

Passer simplex zarudnyi Pleske
Passer simplex Zarudnyi Pleske, 1896, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci.,
St. Pétersbourg, 1, p. 32 — Transcaspia.

1 P.g. georgicus, P.g. diffusus, and P. g. stygiceps relate to parts of a color
cline (Clancey, 1959, Ostrich, 30, pp. 39-40).

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 19

Eastern Iran in Kuhistan-Kirman, and eastern Transcaspia be-
tween the oases of Merv and Chardzhou.

Passer simplex simplex (Lichtenstein)

Fringilla simplex Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 24 — Am-

bukol on the Nile, Sudan.

In the southern Sahara, from the region of Timbuctu eastward
to the Air, Tibesti, and Ennedi Massifs. In Sudan recorded many
years ago from several localities as far south and east as Sennar,
but no recent records.

Passer simplex saharae Erlanger

Passer simplex saharae Erlanger, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47, p. 472
— Tunisian Sahara [= Jebel Dekanis (feste Hilgert, 1908, Kat.
Coll. Erlanger, p. 80)].

Western Sahara south to Ahaggar.

PASSER MONTANUS
Tree Sparrow

Passer montanus montanus (Linnaeus)

Fringilla montana Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 183
— “in Europa’’; restricted to Bagnacavallo, Ravenna, Italy,
by Clancey (1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 68, p. 135).

Passer montanus volgensis Ognev, 1913, Mess. Orn., p. 41 — Volga
Delta.

Passer montanus dybowskii Domaniewski, 1915, Compt. Rend.
Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 8, p. 562, 566 — Ussuri Valley and Korea;
restricted to lat. 48° N. on the Ussuri by Vaurie, 1956, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1814, p. 12.

Passer montanus ciscaucasicus Buturlin, 1929, Syst. notes birds
northern Caucasus, p. 40 — near Vladikavkaz, northern Cau-
casus.

Passer montanus stegmanni Dementiev, 1933 (June 2), Alauda,
p. 110 — Yakutsk.

Passer montanus boetticheri Stachanov, 1933 (after June 2),
Kocsag, 6, p. 31 — Namsky Ulus [= Namtsy], 120 kms. be-
low Yakutsk on the Lena.

Passer montanus hispaniae von Jordans, 1933, Anz. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 2, p. 253 — Oropesa, Castellon, eastern Spain.

Passer catellatus Kleinschmidt, 1935, Falco-Skizzen, no. 2 —
England; the type is from Sussex, according to Clancey (1948,
loc) cit.);

Passer montanus margaretae Johansen, 1944, Journ. f. Orn., 92,
p. 65 — ex Zaleski MS, western Siberia.

20 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Throughout western Europe and the British Isles from the Arctic
Ocean to the Mediterranean, and from tundra regions of northern
Siberia (at about lat. 65° N. to 72° N.) southward to Turkey and
the Caucasus and steppe regions north and east of the Caspian Sea,
eastward in steppe and foothills of the northern Altai and Sayan
mountains through northeastern Mongolia (north of about lat.
47° N.) and northern Manchuria to the Sea of Okhotsk, at about
lat. 60° N., and southward to central Korea. In winter moves south
to Mediterranean islands and to the southern parts of the breeding
range elsewhere. Migrations and winter ranges not well known.
Introduced in Australia (northern Victoria and southern New
South Wales) and in North America (Missouri and Illinois).

Passer montanus transcaucasicus Buturlin

Passer montanus transcaucasicus Buturlin, 1906, Ibis, p. 423 —
Akhalzykh, Transcaucasia.

From the Caucasus Mountains southward to northern Iran and
eastward, south of the Caspian Sea, to about lat. 54° E.

Passer montanus zaissanensis Poliakov

Passer montanus zaissanensis Poliakov, 1911, Mess. Orn., p. 150
— Kara Irtysh in Zaisan Nor region.

From the southern ranges of the Altai Mountains of Siberia
south to the Tarbagatai Range and eastward in northern Mongolia
to the Khangai Mountains. An intermediate (montanus x dilutus)
subspecies.

Passer montanus dilutus Richmond

Passer montanus dilutus Richmond, 1895, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
18, p. 575 — Kashgar, Eastern Turkestan.

Passer montanus Brisson var. pallidus Zarudny, 1904, ““Oiseaux
Perse Orientale”’, Zapiski Imp. Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 36, no. 2
(1903), p. 262 — eastern Iran [= eastern Khorasan (fide Vaurie,

t..¢.)|.

Passer montanus iubilaeus Reichenow, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55,
p. 470 — “‘Caucasus to Tsingtao”’; the type locality is Tsingtao,
Shantung, according to Hartert and Steinbacher (1932, Vog.
pal. Fauna, Erganzungsb., p. 84).

Passer montanus obscuratus Jacobi, 1923, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden,
16, no. 1, p. 32 — “Central China, Hupeh and Szechwan” [=
between Wanhsien and Ichang (Vaurie, ¢. c.)].

Passer montanus bokotoensis Yamashina, 1933, Tori, 8, p. 1 —
Mako, Bokoto [= Hoko Island, Pescadores].

Passer montanus gobiensis Stachanov, 1933, Oiseau Rev. Frang.
Orn., p. 790 — “Chouy-ho, Gobi du Sud” [= Shui River,
Ningsia].

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 21

Passer montanus pallidissimus Stachanov, 1933, Oiseau Rev.
Fang. Orn., p. 789 — “‘Harma Bouroung’’, eastern Zaidam,
northern Tsinghai.

Passer montanus tokunagai Kuroda and Yamashina, 1935, Rep.
First Sci. Exp. Manchoukuo, sect. 5, div. 2, pt. 3, pp. 55, 87,
pl. 24 — Chihfeng, Jehol, southern Manchuria.

Passer montanus shansiensis Yamashina and Kiyosu, 1943, Bull.
Bio-geogr. Soc. Japan, 13, p. 39 — Shansi.

From the Turkmenian Kara Kum region, east of the Cas-
pian Sea, and eastern Iran, eastward to northern West Pakistan, and
thence northeastward through southern Sinkiang, Mongolia (south
of about lat. 47° N. and north of about lat. 39° N.), northwestern
Manchuria, and southward through China to southern Kansu and
western Szechwan (at about long. 104° E.), Kwangsi and Kwangtung.
Introduced in the Pescadores Islands.

Passer montanus tibetanus Baker

Passer montanus tibetanus Baker, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45,
p- 92 — Khumbajong, Tibet.

Passer montanus kansuensis Stresemann, 1932, Orn. Monatsb.,
40, p. 55 — “Heitsuitse, northern Kansu”’ [= above Sining on
the Sining River, northeastern Tsinghai (fide Vaurie, f. c.)].

Passer montanus maximus Schafer, 1938, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 89, p. 385 — Jyekundo, southern Tsinghai.
Northwestern China, from Tsinghai and Sikang east to northern
Kansu and southward to Tibet, and the Himalayas in northern
Nepal, Bhutan, and Assam, from 6,000 to 14,500 ft.

Passer montanus saturatus Stejneger

Passer saturatus Stejneger, 1885, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 19
— Riu Kius [= Okinawa, according to Phillips (1947, Auk,
64, p. 126)].

Passer montana taivanensis Hartert, 1904, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 161
— Taihoku, Formosa.

Passer montanus orientalis Clark, 1910, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 38,
p. 69 — Hakodate [Hokkaido] and Fusan [Korea]; restricted
to Fusan, by Deignan (1952, Condor, 54, p. 171).

Passer montanus kaibatoi Munsterhjelm, 1916, Nyt Mag. Natur-
vidensk., 54, p. 171 — Kaiba Island, southern Sakhalin.

Passer montana rikuzenica Kumagai, 1928, in Kumagai and
Momiyama, Annot. Orn. Orient., 1, p. 272 — Wakayanagi,
Hondo.

Passer montanus sititoi Momiyama, 1940, Kagaku no nogyo, 20,
p- 5 — Seven Islands of Izu.

22 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Sakhalin Island and southern Kurile Islands southward through-
out the Japanese Islands and southern Korea, Quelpart and
Tsushima; the Seven Islands of Izu, Riu Kius, Borodinos, and
Formosa.

Passer montanus malaccensis Dubois
Passer montanus malaccensis Dubois, 1885, Fauna Ill. Vert. Belg.
Ois., 1, p. 572 — Malacca.
?Passer montanus hepaticus Ripley, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
61, p. 106 — Tezu, Mishmi Hills, NW. Assam.

Himalayas below 6,000 ft. from Nepal eastward to Burma, Thai-
land, Indo-China; southern Yunnan, Hainan Island, and south
through Malaya to Sumatra, the Rhio Archipelago, Java, and Bali.
Introduced on Luzon and Cebu, Philippines; Lombok; south
Celebes; Ambon.

PASSER LUTEUS

Passer luteus euchlorus (Bonaparte)
Auripasser euchlorus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 519 — “Abyssinia, Arabia’. Type from Kunfuda, Arabia.
Southwest Arabia; British Somaliland (several collected Zeyla).

Passer luteus luteus (Lichtenstein)

Fringilla luteus Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 24 — Don-
gola, Sudan.

Auripasser lutea tilemsiensis Bates, 1932, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 53,
p. 72 — Taberréshat [= Tabrichat, northeast of Bourem],
French Sudan.

Northern Nigeria and adjacent French territory, including Tibesti,

east to Darfur and the eastern Sudan north of about lat. 18° N.;
Ethiopia on the coastal plain.

PASSER EMINIBEY

Passer eminibey (Hartlaub)

Sorella eminibey Hartlaub, 1880, Journ. f. Orn., 28, p. 211, 325
— Lado.
Sorella eminibey guasso van Someren, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
43, p. 38 — Archer’s Post, northern Kenya.
Sudan, probably excepting northeast; dry areas of Uganda,
Kenya, southern Ethiopia; central Tanganyika south to the central
railway line.

GENus PETRONIA Kauvp

Petronia Kaup, 1829, Skizz. Entw. Nat. Syst., 1, p. 158. Type,
by tautonymy, Fringilla petronia Linnaeus.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 23

Gymnoris J. E. Gray, 1831, Zool. Misc., p. 84. Type, by monotypy,
Gymnoris flavirostris J. E. Gray = Fringilla flavicollis Franklin.+
Carpospiza Miller, 1854, Descr. Ois. Afr., 3, pl. 10. Type, by
monotypy, C.longipennis Miller = Petronia brachydactyla Bo-
naparte.
cf. Vaurie, 1949, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1406, pp. 1-9 (western
Asia).
PETRONIA BRACHYDACTYLA

Petronia brachydactyla Bonaparte
Petronia brachydactyla Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p- 513 — “Arabia, Abyssinia’”’; type from Kunfuda, western
Arabia.
Carpospiza brachydactyla psammochroa Reichenow, 1916, Orn.
Monatsb., 24, p. 155 — Kusha, Sarhad, Persian Baluchistan.
From Armenia, Syria, and Palestine eastward to southern Turk-
menian Kara Kum and eastern Iran, south to Persian Baluchistan.
Winters in the southern part of the breeding range and to Arabia,
wandering sometimes to northeastern Africa, along the Nile and
to Eritrea and Ethiopia.

PETRONIA XANTHOCOLLIS

Petronia xanthocollis pallida (Neumann)
Gymnoris pyrgita pallida Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
21, p. 70 — Shendi, White Nile.

French Sudan (Damergu), east to the White Nile, probably north
of about lat. 10° N.

Petronia xanthocollis pyrgita (Heuglin)

Xanthodina pyrgita Heuglin, 1862, Journ. f. Orn., 10, p. 30 —
Bogos Mts., slopes of the Barca Valley.

Gymnoris pyrgita massaica Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
21, p. 70 — Escarpment Station, Kikuyu, Kenya.

Gymnoris pyrgita reichenowi Zedlitz, 1916, Journ. f. Orn., 64,
p. 42 — Afgoi, Somalia.

Gymnoris pyrgita kakamariae Stoneham, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
5, p. 76 — northern Karamoja.

Gymnoris pyrgita dankali Thesiger and Meynell, 1935, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 55, p. 122 — Adau, Danakil.

Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somaliland, Somalia, NE. Uganda, Kenya,
NE. Tanganyika.
Petronia xanthocollis transfuga (Hartert)
Gymnoris flavicollis transfuga Hartert, 1904, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
p. 145 — Bahu Kalat, Baluchistan.

1 Grote, 1928, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 1, p. 128.
3

24 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Gymnoris xanthocollis occidentalis Koelz, 1948, Auk, 65, p. 445
— Abulhassan, near Sar-i-Dasht, Baktiari, southwestern Iran.

Southern Iraq from the region of Baghdad southward, and east-
ward to Baluchistan and West Pakistan from North West Frontier
Province southward. Intergrades with xanthocollis along the Indian
border.

Petronia xanthocollis xanthocollis (Burton)

Fringilla xanthocollis Burton, 1838, Cat. Coll. Mamm. Birds Mus.
Fort Pitt, Chatham, p. 23 (new name for Fringilla flavicollis
Franklin, 1831) — Ganges between Calcutta and Benares. Not
Fringilla flavicollis Gmelin, 1789 = Spiza americana (Gmelin)
1789.

Gymnorhis xanthosterna Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 512 — Bengal.

India from Saurashtra (formerly Kathiawar) and northwestern
Bombay along the eastern borders of the Great Indian Desert north-
eastward to the foothills of the Himalayas, below 4,000 feet,
eastward to Nepal and Bihar and southward throughout the
peninsula, straggling sometimes to Ceylon.

PETRONIA PETRONIA
Rock Sparrow

?Petronia petronia madeirensis Erlanger
Petronia petronia madeirensis Erlanger, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47,
p. 482, pl. 13, fig. 4 — Madeira.
Madeira and western Canary Islands. Doubtfully distinct from
petronia.

Petronia petronia petronia (Linnaeus)

Fringilla Petronia Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 322 —
Northern Italy.

Petr[onia] macrorhynchos C. L. Brehm, 1855, Der vollstandige
Vogelfang, p. 97 — Greece.

Petronia petronia Hellmayri Arrigoni, 1902, Avicula, 6, p. 104 —
Cagliari and Alghero, Sardinia.

Petronia petronia balearica von Jordans, 1923, Falco, 19, Sonderh.,
p. 4 — Mallorca.

From central and southern France southward through Spain and
Portugal, Mediterranean Islands and Morocco, and eastward
through Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, and countries bordering the
Adriatic, to Greece and western Asia Minor. Formerly southern
Germany.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 25

Petronia petronia barbara Erlanger

Petronia petronia barbara Erlanger, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47,
p. 481, pl. 13, fig. 2— Kasserine, Tunisia.

North Africa in Algeria, Tunisia, and northern Tripolitania.

Petronia petronia puteicola Festa
Petronia stulta puteicola Festa, 1894, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp.
Torino, 9, no. 174, p.3— ““Madaba, east of the Jordan,

Palestine” [= Madeba, Jordan].

Arid regions of the Near East from southwestern Syria to southern
Palestine.

Petronia petronia exigua (Hellmayr)
Passer petronius exiguus Hellmayr, 1902, Orn. Jahrb., p. 128 —
Rostov on the Don.
Eastern Turkey and northern Caucasus Mountains, and regions
about the southern end of the Caspian Sea. Moves south to Iran
and Iraq in winter. A poorly marked subspecies.

Petronia petronia intermedia Hartert

Petronia petronia intermedia Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 1,
p. 324 — Gilgit.

[Petronia petronia| kirhizica Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist., 38, p. 16 — Khanga-bala, northeast of the Caspian
Sea, Kirghiz Steppes.

Petronia petronia hirmsi Keve, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 68,
p. 1380 — “‘Tebbes” [= Tabas, eastern Iran].

In steppe country and foothills of the mountains from north of
the Caspian and Aral Seas southward to Iran, from the Zagros
mountains eastward to Turkestan, northern Afghanistan, the
Pamir Mountains and the Tian Shan Ranges to about long. 90° E.
(Bogdo Ola Range) in Sinkiang.

Petronia petronia brevirostris Taczanowski

Petronia brevirostris Taczanowski, 1874, Journ. f. Orn., 22, p. 323
— Argun River [at Staryi Tsuruchaitui, eastern Transbaicalia].

Petronia petronia tibetana Jacobi, 1923, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden,
16, no. 1, p. 31 — Tschuwo, and Kansego, between Kansego
and Tschango [= Kantse and Chuai, northern Sikang at about
lat. 32° N. by long. 100° E.].

[Petronia petronia] urgensis Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., 38, p. 18 — Urga [= Ulan Bator], northern Mongolia.

[Petronia petronia| mongolica Sushkin, 1925, ibid., p. 19 — Altain-
nuru [= Mongolian Altai, south of Khobdo], northwestern
Mongolia.

38°

26 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Petronia petronia jyekundensis Schifer, 1938, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, 89 (1937), p. 386 —Jyekundo [= Yushul,
southern Tsinghai, but error for “Camp 144” [near Dzogchen
Gomba, northern Sikang], see Schafer (1939, ibid., 90, p. 255).
Eastern Siberia and China, from the southern foothills of the
Altai (about lat. 50° N., long. 90° E.) east to the Transbaical region,
and southward through Mongolia to northern Sikang, and thence
northeastward through northern Kansu and Tsinghai to northern
Hopeh.

F PETRONIA SUPERCILIARIS

Yellow-throated Sparrow

Petronia superciliaris (Blyth)

Gymnorhis [sic] superciliaris Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
14, p. 553 — South Africa. Restricted to Cape Town by Grant
and Clancey, 1953, Ostrich, 24, p. 128.

Xanthodira flavigula Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad.
Forh., 7, p. 98 — Upper Caffraria. Type in Stockholm Museum
from Saltpannen, Limpopo, Transvaal.

Petronia superciliaris bororensis Roberts, 1912, Journ. 8. African
Orn. Un., 8, p. 46 — Boror, Portuguese East Africa.

Petronia superciliaris oraria Grote, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p. 57
— Magogoni [inland from Dar-es-Salaam].

Angola, Congo region (south of about lat. 2°S. on the west;
lat. 4° S. on the east) and Tanganyika (south of lat. 5° S.), through
Bechuanaland, the Rhodesias, Nyasaland, and Mozambique to the
Cape.

P PETRONIA DENTATA

Petronia dentata (Sundevall)

Xanthodira dentata Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh.,
7, p.127— NE. Afrika. (Type in Stockholm Museum from
Ronga [= Abu Saad] on the Blue Nile, Sudan’).

Petronia dentata buchanani Hartert, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28, p. 134
— Zinder.

Senegal to Sudan (south of about lat. 14° N.) and western Eritrea;
southwest Arabia (near Hodeida and north of Aden).

GENUS MONTIFRINGILLA Brenmu

Montifringilla Brehm, 1828, Isis von Oken, col. 1277. Type, by
subsequent designation, Montifringilla nivalis Brehm = Frin-
gilla nivalis Linnaeus (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 46).

ef. Stegmann, 1932, Journ. f. Orn., 80, pp. 99-105 (M. nivalis and

M.adamsi).

Vaurie, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1814, pp. 24-27 (M. ni-
valis).

Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 587-591.

1 Teste H. Rendahl, in litt.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 27

MONTIFRINGILLA NIVALIS
Snow Finch

Montifringilla nivalis nivalis (Linnaeus)

Fringilla nivalis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 321 —
Switzerland.

Mountains of western Europe in the Pyrenees and Alps of
France, Switzerland, southern Germany, northern Italy, and the
Appennines, and mountains from Yugoslavia to northern Greece.
Moves to lower altitudes in winter.

Montifringilla nivalis alpicola (Pallas)

Passer alpicola Pallas, 1811, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, p. 20 —
Caucasus.

Montifringilla alpicola groum-grzimaili Zarudny and Loudon,
1904, Orn. Jahrb., p. 215 — Bei Shan [= mountain near and
south of Hami, eastern Tian Shan, Sinkiang].

Montifringilla alpicola gaddi Zarudny and Loudon, 1904, ibid.,
p- 216 — Kuh i Dinar and Kuh i Sere, Luristan, southwestern
Iran.

Montifringilla alpicola prosvirowr Zarudny, 1917, Izvest. Turkest.
Otd. Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 13, p. 101 — Pamirs.

Montifringilla nivalis tianshanica Keve, 1943, Anz. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, math.-naturwiss., 80, p. 20 — Naryn, Tian Shan.

Middle East in the Caucasus Mountains and mountains of Trans-
caucasus south to the Elburz Mountains and the Zagros Mountains
of Luristan in western Iran; northern Afghanistan northward to
Kirghiz and the Tian Shan Ranges east to long. 84° E. (eastern
extent of range not well known), and southeastward, south of the
deserts, in the Altai and Khangai Ranges to about long. 104° E.
in central Mongolia.

Montifringilla nivalis kwenlunensis Bianchi
M{ontifringilla| alpicola kwenlunensis Bianchi, 1908, Ann. Mus.
Zool. Acad. Sci., St. Pétersbourg, 12 (1907), p. 573 — western
Kun Lun [= “Tokhtakhon” = Takhqoram, south of Qarghaliq

on the north side of the Raskam Range].

Western China, in the Kun Lun and Astin Tagh ranges of
southern Sinkiang, eastward to about long. 89° E., but extent not
well known.

Montifringilla nivalis henrici (Oustalet)

Eurhinospiza Henrici Oustalet, 1891, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., ser.
7, 12, p. 293, pl. 11 — “plateaux du Tibet” = Ditchi [Diti]
east of the Tengri Nor, according to Oustalet (1894 or 1895,
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), ser. 3, 6, p. 25).

Western China in the mountains of northern Tsinghai southward

through Tibet.

28 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

MONTIFRINGILLA ADAMSI

Montifringilla adamsi xerophila Stegmann

Montifringilla adamsi xerophila Stegmann, 1932, Journ. f. Orn.,
80, p. 102 — Humboldt Range, Northern Nan Shan, northern
Tsinghai.

Northwestern China in the Astin Tagh and Nan Shan ranges,

north of the range of the following subspecies.

Montifringilla adamsi adamsi Adams

Montifringilla Adamsi Adams, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 482 — Ladak.

Tibet and northern slopes of the Himalayas, above 12,000 feet,
from Ladak eastward to central Sikiang and Sikkim, and north-
eastward in eastern T'singhai to mountains east of Koko Nor.

MONTIFRINGILLA TACZANOWSKII

Montifringilla taczanowskii Przewalski

Montifringilla taczanowskii Przewalski, 1876, Mongol. Strana
Tangut, 2, p. 81, pl. 11, fig. 1 — Tetunga and Kuku Nor Steppe.

Tibet eastward to northern Sikang, the Nan Shan Range and
regions about Koko Nor in northern Tsinghai. Wanders south to
the Himalayas in winter.

MONTIFRINGILLA DAVIDIANA

Montifringilla davidiana potanini (Sushkin)
[ Pyrgilauda davidana (sic) | potanini Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist., 38, p. 20 — Khara-djamaty, basin of Kobdo.

From the Altai Mountains of Siberia eastward through the Altai
and northern ranges of Mongolia and southeastern Transbaicalia.

Montifringilla davidiana davidiana (Verreaux)

Pyrgilauda davidiana Verreaux, 1871, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist.
Nat. (Paris), 6 (1870), bull., p. 40 — “Mountains of Chinese
Tibet’’; the type is from ‘‘the plains of Mongolia in the Ourato”
[= Suiyuan, Inner Mongolia], according to Verreaux (1872,
ibid., 7 (1871), bull., p. 63).

From southeastern Outer Mongolia southward through Ningsia

and Kansu to northeastern Tsinghai south and east of Koko Nor.

MONTIFRINGILLA RUFICOLLIS

Montifringilla ruficollis isabellina (Stegmann)

Pyrgilauda ruficollis isabellina Stegmann, 1932, Journ. f. Orn.,
80, p. 103 — “‘between the Chiman Tagh and Zaidam Range”
[about lat. 38° N. by long. 90°-91° E., on the border of Sin-
kiang and northwestern Tsinghai].

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 29

Northwestern China from the Astin Tagh Mountains, at about
long. 86° E. in Sinkiang, eastward through northern Tsinghai to
the Humboldt Range in the Nan Shan Ranges.

Montifringilla ruficollis ruficollis Blanford
Montifringilla ruficollis Blanford, 1871, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
p- 277 — Kangra Lama Pass, N. Sikkim.

China from northern Tsinghai from the southern ranges of the
Nan Shan southward through Tibet; wanders sometimes to the
Himalayas in Sikkim (above 14,000 feet).

MONTIFRINGILLA BLANFORDI

Montifringilla blanfordi barbata (Przewalski)
Pyrgilauda barbata Przewalski, 1877 (Feb.), Zapiski Imp. Akad.
Nauk, 55, p. 90 — Koko Nor and northern Tibet; restricted
to the Koko Nor by Stegmann (1932, Journ. f. Orn., 80,
p. 104).
Northern China, from regions east of the Zaidam marshes and
south of Koko Nor, eastward to the Nan Shan Range.

Montifringilla blanfordi ventorum (Stegmann)

Pyrgilauda blanfordi ventorum Stegmann, 1932, Journ. f. Orn.,
80, p. 104 — “Valley of the winds, between the Chiman Tagh
and Zaidam Range”’ [= about lat. 38° N. by long. 90°-91° E.].

Northwestern China from the Astin Tagh Range, at about long.
86° E. in Sinkiang, eastward to regions just west of the Zaidam
marshes.

Montifringilla blanfordi blanfordi Hume

Montifringilla Blanfordi Hume, 1876, Stray Feathers, 4, p. 487
— borders of Tibet to the north of native Sikkim.

China, from about lat. 36° N. in Tsinghai, southward through
Tibet to the Himalayas from eastern Kashmir, Ladak, and north-
eastern Punjab to northern Sikkim (above 15,000 feet).

MONTIFRINGILLA THERESAE

Montifringilla theresae Meinertzhagen

Montifringilla theresae Meinertzhagen, 1937, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
58, p. 10 — Shibar Pass, northern Afghanistan.

Afghanistan in the mountains northwest of Kabul; southeastern
Transcaspia in winter.

Genus SPOROPIPES CaBanis

Sporopipes Cabanis, 1847, Arch. f. Naturg., 13 (1), p. 332. Type,
by original designation, Fringilla lepidoptera Lichtenstein =
Estrelda squamifrons A. Smith.

30 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

SPOROPIPES SQUAMIFRONS
Scaly Weaver

Sporopipes squamifrons (Smith)

Estrelda squamifrons A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa,
p. 49 — South Africa; restricted to Kuruman, northern Cape
Province by Clancey (1957, Durban Mus. Novit., 5, p. 50 (ef.
Ostrich, 1959, 30, p. 116; Vincent, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
55, p. 98 notwithstanding)).

Sporopipes squamifrons damarensis Reichenow, 1905, Vég. Afr.,
3, p. 838 — South West Africa. Type, in Berlin Museum, from
Rehoboth, South West Africa.

Sporopipes squamifrons fuligescens Clancey, 1957, Durban Mus.
Novit., 5, p. 49 — Glen, Modder River, north of Bloemfontein,
Orange Free State.

South West Africa, Bechuanaland, north central Cape Province,

western Southern Rhodesia, western Transvaal, western Orange
Free State.

SPOROPIPES FRONTALIS

Sporopipes frontalis frontalis (Daudin)
Loxia frontalis Daudin, 1802, Traité Orn., 2, p. 445 — Senegal.
Sporopipes frontalis abyssinicus Mearns, 1910, Smiths. Mise. Coll.,
56 (14), p. 7 — Abyssinia.
Sporopipes frontalis pallidior Hartert, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28,
p. 136 — Zinder [French Niger Territory].
Senegal to Eritrea.

Sporopipes frontalis emini Neumann
Sporopipes frontalis emini Neumann, 1900, Journ. f. Orn., 48,
p. 283 — Ugogo.
Sporopipes cinerascens Madarasz, 1918, Ann. Mus. Hungarici, 13,
p. 395 — Ruvana Steppes [Mwanza District].
Sporopipes frontalis loitanus van Someren, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 40, p. 54 — Loita.
Sudan south of about lat. 6° N.; northeastern Uganda; dry parts
of Kenya and of Tanganyika south to about the central railway.

SuBraMILy PLOCEINAE
Genus AMBLYOSPIZA SuUNDEVALL
Amblyospiza’ Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh., p.
98. Type, by original designation, Pyrrhula albifrons Vigors.
cf. Friedmann, 1960, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 223, pp. 18; 112 (natural
history).

1 * Amblyospitza’”’ is thought to be a misprint.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE ol

AMBLYOSPIZA ALBIFRONS
Thick-billed Weaver

Amblyospiza albifrons capitalba (Bonaparte)

Coryphegnathus capitalba Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p- 451 — Ashanti.

Sierra Leone eastwards, perhaps intergrading with saturata in
western Nigeria.

Amblyospiza albifrons saturata Sharpe
Amblyospiza saturata Sharpe, 1908, Ibis, p. 353 — Bitye, River
Ja, Cameroons.

Eastern Nigeria and Cameroons south to Portuguese Congo;
Congo region north of the Equator.

Amblyospiza albifrons melanota (Heuglin)

Coryphegnatus melanotus Heuglin, 1863, Journ. f. Orn., 11, p. 21
— country of Kitsch negroes, Bahr el Abiad | = Shambe district
of White Nile] (Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis,
p. 436).

Amblyospiza aethiopica Neumann, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10,
p- 9 — Uaja, Malo, near Omo River, southwest Abyssinia.

Extreme southern Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; northwestern
Kenya; extreme eastern Congo region north of the Equator.

Amblyospiza albifrons montana van Someren

Amblyospiza albifrons montana van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 122 — Fort Hall, Kenya.

Interior of Kenya and Tanganyika; Ruanda-Urundi and eastern
border of the Congo region; Nyasaland; the Rhodesias.

Amblyospiza albifrons unicolor (Fischer and Reichenow)

Pyrenestes unicolor Fischer and Reichenow, 1878, Orn. Centralbl.,
1, p. 88 — Zanzibar (see Journ. f. Orn., 1878, p. 264).

Coastal Kenya and Tanganyika and the off-lying islands.

Amblyospiza albifrons tandae Bannerman

Amblyospiza albifrons tandae Bannerman, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 1836 — N’Dalla Tando [= Vila Salazar], Northern
Angola.

Northern Angola.

Amblyospiza albifrons kasaica Schouteden

Amblyospiza albifrons kasaica Schouteden, 1953, Rev. Zool. Bot.
Africa, 48, p. 241 — Kasansa [Lomami district, Congo].
Congo region lat. 4° to 8°S.; long. 22° to 26° E.

32 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Amblyospiza albifrons maxima Roberts
Amblyospiza albifrons maxima Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 32 — Kasane, Chobe River [northeast corner of
Bechuanaland Protectorate].
Extreme northern Bechuanaland and Caprivi Strip.

Amblyospiza albifrons woltersi Clancey
Amblyospiza albifrons woltersi Clancey, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
76, p. 90 — Manhica, Sul do Save, Portuguese East Africa.
Southern Mozambique.

Amblyospiza albifrons albifrons (Vigors)
Pyrrhula albifrons Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 92
— Algoa Bay.
Union of South Africa. Birds from part of southeastern Congo
region are indistinguishable.

GrENus NEOSPIZA Satvapori

Neospiza Salvadori, 1903, Mem. Accad. Torino, ser. 2, 53 p. 26.
Type, by monotypy, Amblyospiza concolor Bocage.

Bolbospiza Reichenow, 1914, Die Vogel, 2, p.416. New name for
‘“‘“Nesospiza’”’ (sic!) Salvadori.

NEOSPIZA CONCOLOR
Neospiza concolor (Bocage)
Amblyospiza concolor Barboza du Bocage, 1888, Jorn. Sci. Math.
Phys. Nat. Lisboa, p. 299 — Angolares, Sao Tomé.
Sao Tomé Island, Gulf of Guinea, where apparently not found
since the original collecting.

GENUS PLOCEUS Cuvier

Ploceus Cuvier, 1817, Régne Anim., 1, p. 383. Type, by subsequent
designation, Loxia philippina Linnaeus (Gray, 1840, List Gen.
Birds, p. 42).

Textor Temminck, 1827, Pl. Col., livr. 75, pl. 446 (text). Type, by
monotypy, Oriolus cucullatus Miller; see Oberholser (1921,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 34, p. 78).

Symplectes Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 279. Type, by
monotypy, S. chrysocomus Swainson = Ploceus bicolor Vieillot.

Hyphantornis Gray, 1844, Gen. Birds, 2, p. [(1)] of Ploceinae.
Type, by subsequent designation, Ploceus grandis Vieillot =
Hyphantornis grandis Gray (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen.
Birds, p. 70).

Nelicurvius Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1 (1850), p. 439.
Type, by monotypy, Loxia pensilis Gmelin = Parvus [sic]
nelicourvt Scopoli.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 30

Sitagra Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 79. Type, by mono-
typy, Fringilla luteola Lichtenstein.

Hyphanturgus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Heine, 1, p. 182. Type, by
original designation, Ploceus ocularius [sic] Smith.

Sycobrotus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Heine, 1, p. 182. Type, by original
designation, Sycobrotus bicolor Heine = Ploceus bicolor Vieillot.

Ploceolus Reichenbach, 1863, Singvégel, p. 77, no type designated.
Type here designated as Fringilla luteola Lichtenstein.

Oriolinus Reichenbach, 1863, Handb. Orn., p. 84. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, Ploceus subaureus Smith (Sharpe, 1890,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 437).

Xanthophilus Reichenbach, 1863, Singvogel, p. 84. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, Ploceus aureiflavus [sic] Smith (Sharpe,
1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 437).

Ploceélla Oates, 1873, in Hume, Nests Eggs Indian Birds, p. 443.
Type, by original designation, Ploceus javanensis Lesson =
Loxia hypoxantha Sparrman.

Sharpia Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat.
Lisboa, 6, p. 258. Type, by original designation, Sharpia
angolensis Barboza du Bocage, ibid. (Preoccupied by Sharpia
Tourniet, 1873, Compt. Rend. Ent. Belge, 16, p. 137).

Icteropsis Pelzeln, 1881, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 21, p. 149.
Type, by original designation, Icteropsis crocata Pelzeln (nec
Hartlaub) = Sitagra pelzelni Hartlaub.

Cinnamopteryx Reichenow, 1886, Zool. Jahrb., 1, p. 126. Type,
by subsequent designation, Ploceus castaneofuscus Lesson
(Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 471).

Melanopteryx Reichenow, 1886, Zool. Jahrb., 1, p. 125. Type, by
monotypy, Ploceus nigerrimus Vieillot.

Heterhyphantes Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 414.
Type, by subsequent designation, Ploceus melanogaster (Shelley,
1896, Birds Africa, 1, p. 37).

Melanhyphantes Sharpe, 1890, in Jameson, Story of the Rear
Column, p. 404. Type, by monotypy, Malimbus nigricollis
Vieillot.

Othyphantes Shelley, 1896, Birds Africa, 1, p.37. Type, by
original designation, Sycobrotus reichenowi Fischer.

Pachyphantes Shelley, 1896, Birds Africa, 1, p. 36. Type, by
original designation, Hyphantornis swperciliosus Shelley.

Hypermegethes Reichenow, 1903, Journ. f. Orn., 51, p. 149. Type,
by original designation, P. grandis = Hyphantornis grandis
G. R. Gray.

Phormoplectes Reichenow, 1903, Journ. f. Orn., 51, p. 149. Type,
by original designation, Sycobrotus insignis Sharpe.

34 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Notiospiza Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 64. Type,
by original designation, Sharpia angolensis Barboza du Bocage.

Plesiositagra Iredale and Bannerman, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
41, p. 129. Type, by original designation, Hyphantornis spekei
Heuglin.

Euploceus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 271 (sub-
genus). Type, by original designation, Oriolus capensis Linnaeus.

Microplectes Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,8, p: 270. Type,
by original designation, Ploceus velatus Vieillot. (Quoted by
Roberts, 1924, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 10, p.192, and sub-
sequently as Muicroploceus.)

Xanthoplectes Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 270.
Type, by original designation, Hyphantornis xanthopterus
Finsch and Hartlaub.

Rhinoploceus Gyldenstolpe, 1924, Kongl. Svensk Vet.-Akad.
Handl., 1 (3), p. 36. Type, by original designation, Malimbus
flavipes Chapin.

Thomasophantes Sclater, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, p. 16. Type,
by original designation, Sycobius st. thomae Hartlaub.

Melanoploceus Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1946, Ibis, 88, p. 228.
Type, by original designation, Hyphantornis tricolor Hartlaub.

Xanthoploceus Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1946, Ibis, 88, p.228.
Type, by original designation, Hyphantornis bertrandi Shelley.

Bensonhyphantes Roberts, 1947, Ostrich, 18, p. 82. Type, by
original designation, Symplectes olivaceiceps Reichenow.

Eremiphantes Roberts, 1947, Ostrich, 18, p. 78 (subgenus). Type,
by original designation, Ploceus trothae Reichenow.

Eremiplectes Roberts, 1947, Ostrich, 18, p. 74 (subgenus). Type,
by original designation, Cinnamopterix (sic) [= Ploceus] trothae
Reichenow.

Saka Roberts, 1947, Ostrich, 18, p. 83. Type, by original desig-
nation, Ploceus sakalava Hartlaub.

Oriolinops Roberts, 1947, Ostrich, 18, p. 73. Type, by original
designation, Hyphantornis xanthops Hartlaub.

Sitagroides Roberts, 1947, Ostrich, 18, p. 81. Type, by original
designation, Sitagra aliena Sharpe.

PLOCEUS! BAGLAFECHT?

Ploceus baglafecht baglafecht (Daudin)

Loxia baglafecht Daudin, 1802, in Buffon, Hist. Nat., éd. Lacépéde,
Quad., 14, p. 245 — Abyssinia, ex ibid., Oiseau Rev. Frang.
Orn,.,6, p.A9I.

1 Moreau (1960, Ibis, 102, p. 468) recognizes 9 species groups and 8 un-
attached species. The species groups are: baglafecht, cucullatus, hypoxanthus, in-
signis, luteolus, manyar, nelicourvt, nigricollis, and tricolor.

2 To the baglafecht species group belong also bannermani, batesi, nigrimen-
tum, and bertrandi (Moreau, ibid., p. 452).

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 35

Othyphantes lovati Shelley, 1905, Birds Africa, 4, p. 457 — Le-
kamte [western Abyssinia].
Othyphantes edmundi Madarasz, 1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 161
— Addis Ababa.
Mountains on southern border of Sudan, in Eritrea, and in
Ethiopia, intergrading southward through northern Kenya with
P. b. reichenowi.

Ploceus baglafecht reichenowi (Fischer)
Sycobrotus reichenowi Fischer, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 180 —
Arusha [Tanganyika Territory].
Othyphantes fricki Mearns, 1913, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 61 (14),
p. 1 — Aletta, Sidamo, southern Abyssinia.
Othyphantes reichenowi nigrotemporalis Granvik, 1922, Orn.
Monatsb., 30, p. 40 — Mt. Elgon.

Kenya highlands to Marsabit, intergrading northwards through
southern Ethiopia with 6. baglafecht; northern Tanganyika (Kili-
manjaro to Usambara).

Ploceus baglafecht stuhlmanni (Reichenow)

Symplectes stuhlmanni Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 29
— Central Africa— type in Berlin Museum from Bukoba,
teste Stresemann, in litt.

Extreme eastern Congo region (long. 1° N. to 8°S.); southern
Uganda; Ruanda-Urundi; extreme western Tanganyika south to
Kungwe Mountain.

Ploceus baglafecht sharpii (Shelley)

Othyphantes sharpii Shelley, 1890, Ibis, p. 557 — ‘“‘Nyasaland’’,
corrected to “‘south-western Tanganyika Territory” by Grant
and Mackworth-Praed (1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 65, p. 11).

Ploceus stuhlmanni var. uhehensis Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Afr., 3,
p. 40 — Uhehe [southwestern Tanganyika].

Southwest Tanganyika (mountain forests in Ufipa and Iringa),
perhaps intergrading through Njombe with nyikae.

Ploceus baglafecht nyikae Benson

Ploceus baglafecht nyikae Benson, 1938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 58,
p. 112 — Nyika Plateau, northern Nyasaland.

Nyika Plateau (Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland).

Ploceus baglafecht neumanni (Bannerman)

Othyphantes baglafecht neumanni Bannerman, 1923, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 43, p. 165 — Banso Mts., N. of Kumbo, 6,000 ft.
[Cameroons].

Bamenda-Banso highlands, northeast of Mt. Cameroon.

36 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ploceus baglafecht eremobius (Hartlaub)

Symplectes eremobius Hartlaub, 1887, Zool. Jahrb., 2, p. 320 —
Chor Mabrué [southeastern Sudan, lat.4°33’N.; long.29°11’E.].

Ploceus (Othyphantes) baglafecht alexandri W.L.Sclater, 1925, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, p.15— Gudima near Vankerchovenville,
NE. Belgian Congo.

Southeastern Sudan and northeastern Congo (east of about lat.
26° E. and north of long. 1° N.), intergrading eastwards with P. b.
stuhlmannt.

Ploceus baglafecht emini (Hartlaub)

Sycobrotus emini Hartlaub, 1882, Orn. Centralbl., 7, p. 92 —
Agaru [east of Nimule, northwestern Uganda, cf. Journ. f.
Orn., 30, p. 322, 1882].

Sycobrotus zaphiroi Ogilvie-Grant, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13,
p. 22 — Abu Beker, Harar [eastern Abyssinia].

Othyphantes kovacsi Madarasz, 1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 28 —
Gidabo, Abyssinia.

Othyphantes emini budongoensis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 123 — Busindi, near Budongo, Uganda.

A strip on both sides of the Sudan-Uganda border, intergrading
southward into Uganda with P. baglafecht stuhlmanni; part of
eastern Ethiopia, Harrar-Arussi.

PLOCEUS BANNERMANI

Ploceus bannermani Chapin

Ploceus bannermani Chapin, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 570,
p. 17 — Djang district, 4,500 ft., Cameroons.

Manenguba and Banso highlands, British Cameroons.

PLOCEUS BATESI

Ploceus batesi (Sharpe)

Othyphantes batesi Sharpe, 1908, Ibis, p. 348 — River Ja [Came-
roons].

Southern Cameroons.

PLOCEUS NIGRIMENTUM

Ploceus nigrimentum Reichenow
Ploceus nigrimentus Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 39 —
Galanga, Benguella.

Hyphantornis reichenowii Barboza du Bocage. 1893, Jorn. Sci.
Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 3, p. 153 — Galanga. Preoccupied by
Hyphantornis reichenowi Fischer, 1887.

Angola (Benguela); Batéké plateau, north of Brazzaville.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE Si

PLOCEUS BERTRANDI

Ploceus bertrandi (Shelley)
Hyphantornis bertrandi Shelley, 1893, Ibis, p. 23 — Zomba.
Hyphantornis nyasae Shelley, 1894, Ibis, p. 20 — Zomba.

Ploceus fiilleborni Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 99 —
Rupira SP EaES: head of Lake Nyasa, lat. 9° 31’ ae long.
34° 16’ E.].

Tanganyika Territory, from about Morogoro and Mpwapwa on
the central railway, to Lake Nyasa; Nyasaland; Mozambique, near
Lake Nyasa.

PLOCEUS PELZELNI
Ploceus pelzelni pelzelni (Hartlaub)

Sitagra pelzelni Hartlaub, 1887, Zool. Jahrb., 2, p. 343 — Magungo
[Uganda, near north end of Lake Albert].

Ploceus pelzelni tuta Bangs and Phillips, 1925, Occ. Papers Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 177 — Busissi, Tanganyika [near Mwanza].

Uganda; Kenya and Tanganyika in neighborhood of Lake Vic-
toria; Ruanda and eastern Congo to about lat. 3°S.
Ploceus pelzelni monachus (Sharpe)

Sitagra monacha Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 426
— type in British Museum from Fantee [Ghana].

Ghana to Congo region (except extreme north and east) and
northern Angola; northeastern Northern Rhodesia.

PLOCEUS SUBPERSONATUS

Ploceus subpersonatus (Cabanis)

Hyphantornis subpersonata Cabanis, 1876, Journ. f. Orn., 24,
p- 92 — Chinchoxo [Portuguese Congo].

Southern Gaboon to mouth of Congo.

PLOCEUS LUTEOLUS!

Ploceus luteolus luteolus (Lichtenstein)
Fringilla luteola Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 23 — Senegal.

Senegal to Eritrea and Ethiopia; Cameroons (north of about lat.
8° N.); northeastern Congo to lat. 1° S. (where intergrading with
kavirondensis).

Ploceus luteolus kavirondensis (van Someren)

Sitagra luteola kavirondensis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 123 — Soronko River [Uganda, western foot of Mt.
Elgon].

Uganda; western Kenya; extreme northwestern Tanganyika.

1 To the luteolus species group belong also pelzelni and subpersonatus (Ibis,
102, p. 453, 1960).

38 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PLOCEUS OCULARIS!
Spectacled Weaver

Ploceus ocularis crocatus (Hartlaub)
Hyphantornis crocata Hartlaub, 1881, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, 7,
p. 100 — Magungo [Uganda, near north end of Lake Albert].
Ploceus ocularius abayensis Neumann, 1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53,
p. 339 — Gigiro, Gudji, east of Lake Abaya [Abyssinia].
Ploceus ocularius camerunensis Neunzig, 1927, Anz. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 1, p. 104 — Akonolinga River, Cameroons.
Cameroons to southern Sudan and southern Ethiopia; western
Kenya; Tanganyika north of about lat. 3° S.; eastern and southern
Congo region; Angola; Northern Rhodesia west of the Muchinga
escarpment; and perhaps extreme southwestern Tanganyika.

Ploceus ocularis suahelicus Neumann
Ploceus ocularius suahelicus Neumann, 1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53,
p. 339 — Lewa [Usambara, Tanganyika].

Kenya from Rift eastwards; Tanganyika; Nyasaland; Northern
Rhodesia east of the Muchinga; Mozambique, intergrading through
Southern Rhodesia and southern Mozambique with nominate
ocularis.

Ploceus ocularis ocularis Smith

Ploceus ocularis A. Smith, 1839, Ill. Zool. S. Afr. Aves, pl. 30 —
South Africa, especially south-east coast. Restricted to Durban,
Natal, by Clancey, 1952, Ann. Natal Mus., 12 (2), p. 270.

Northeastern Transvaal; Natal; Eastern Cape Province.

PLOCEUS NIGRICOLLIS?:3

Ploceus nigricollis brachypterus Swainson
Ploceus brachypterus Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Africa, 1, p. 168
—no type locality. (Said by Bannerman, 1949, Birds Trop.
W. Africa, 7, p. 104, to be Senegal.)
Ploceus ocularius po Hartert, 1907, Novit. Zool., 14, p. 498 —
Fishtown, Fernando Po.
Senegal to Cameroons, where intergrading with nominate nigri-
collis; Fernando Po.

1 The widespread error of transcribing this name as ocularius has been
pointed out by Macdonald and Grant, 1953, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 22,
pp. 197-208.

2 Ploceus anachlorus Reichenow, 1912, is a P. nigricollisx P. brachypterus
hybrid; see Stresemann and Neunzig, 1924, Journ. f. Orn., 72, p. 583.

3 P. melanogaster and ocularis also belong to the nigricollis species group
(Ibis, 102, p. 453, 1960).

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 39

Ploceus nigricollis nigricollis (Vieillot)
Malimbus nigricollis Vieillot, 1805, Ois. Chant., p. 74 — Malimbe
[Portuguese Congo].

Heterhyphantes nigricollis vacillans van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 123 — Budongo [western Uganda].

Cameroons to extreme southern Sudan, Uganda and western
Kenya, south to northern Angola, southern Congo region, and north-
western Tanganyika.

Ploceus nigricollis melanoxanthus (Cabanis)

Hyphanturgus melanoxanthus Cabanis, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26,
pp. 205, 232 — Mombasa.

Ploceus melanoxanthus malensis Neumann, 1904, Orn. Monatsb..,
p. 162 — Bassra, Maleland [north of Lake Rudolf].

Southern Ethiopia; southern Somalia; eastern Kenya; north-
eastern Tanganyika to the central railway.

PLOCEUS ALIENUS

Ploceus alienus (Sharpe)
Sitagra aliena Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, p. 21 —
Ruwenzori.
Ploceus schubotzi Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 161 —
Mt. Karisimbi [Kivu].
Mountains on western border of Uganda and eastern Congo re-
gion south to about lat. 6°S.

PLOCEUS MELANOGASTER

Ploceus melanogaster melanogaster Shelley
Ploceus melanogaster Shelley, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
126 — Cameroon Mt., 8,000 ft.
Heterhyphantes melanolaema Salvadori, 1903, Mem. Accad. Torino,
ser. 2, 53, p. 113 — Fernando Po.
Mountains of extreme eastern Nigeria and Cameroons; Fer-
nando Po.

Ploceus melanogaster stephanophorus (Sharpe)

Heterhyphantes stephanophorus Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 117 — Mau
[western Kenya highlands].

Mountains on southern border of Sudan; mountains of eastern
Congo region to lat. 4° S. (but not Ruwenzori or Kivu volcanos);
southwestern Uganda; Kenya highlands west of Rift (apparently
only northern half).

4

40 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PLOCEUS CAPENSIS
Cape Weaver

Ploceus capensis temporalis (Bocage)

Hyphantornis temporalis Barboza du Bocage, 1880, Jorn. Sci.
Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 7, p. 244 — Caconda [Angola].

Southern Angola and adjacent part of Northern Rhodesia.

Ploceus capensis olivaceus (Hahn)

Icterus olivaceus Hahn, 1822, Vog. aus Asien, 6, pl. 4—
‘Louisiana’ [error]. Windvogelberg, E.Cape Province, lat.
32° 17'S., long. 27° 7’ E., according to P.L.Sclater (1866,
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 21).

Eastern Cape Province; Natal; Orange Free State; Transvaal.

Ploceus capensis capensis (Linnaeus)

Oriolus capensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 163 —
Cape of Good Hope.

Western Cape Province.

PLOCEUS SUBAUREUS
Golden Weaver

Ploceus subaureus aureoflavus Smith

Ploceus aureoflavus A. Smith, 1839, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Aves, pl. 30
— “Western Africa” [error]. Type in British Museum, probably
from Zanzibar, cf. Shelley (1905, Birds Africa, 4 (2), p. 478).

Ploceus holoxanthus Hartlaub, 1891, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, 12,
p. 22 — Mtoni [near Bagamoyo, eastern Tanganyika].

Ploceus aureoflavus pallidiceps Vincent, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
53, p. 147 — Mocuba, Quelimane Province, Portuguese East
Africa.

Ploceus aureoflavus reicherti Meise, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42, p. 16
—Mbamba Bay [Tanganyika shore of Lake Nyasa].

Eastern Kenya south of Malindi and the foot of Mt. Kenya;
eastern Tanganyika; Zanzibar; Nyasaland; Mozambique.

Ploceus subaureus tongensis (Roberts)

Hyphantornis (Oriolinus) subaureus tongensis Roberts, 1931, Ann.
Transvaal Mus., 14, p. 244 — Sordwana Bay, Zululand.

Southern Mozambique and Zululand.

Ploceus subaureus subaureus Smith
Ploceus subaureus A. Smith, 1839, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Aves, pl. 30
— Algoa Bay.
Eastern Cape Province and Natal.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 4]

PLOCEUS XANTHOPS
Larger Golden Weaver

Ploceus xanthops (Hartlaub)

Hyphantornis xanthops Hartlaub, 1862, Ibis, p. 342 — Angola.
Restricted to “Lower Cuanza River’ by Hall (1960, Bull.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), 6, p. 447).

Hyphantornis camburni Sharpe, 1890, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10,
p- 35 — Mt. Kenya.

Hyphantornis jamesoni Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13,
p. 447 — Umvuli River [Southern Rhodesia].

Hyphantornis (Oriolinus) xanthops maunensis Roberts, 1932, Ann.
Transvaal Mus., 15, p. 32 — Maun, Ngamiland.

Congo region, Uganda and Kenya, south to Angola, northern
Bechuanaland, Transvaal and Mozambique.

PLOCEUS AURANTIUS

Ploceus aurantius aurantius (Vieillot)

Malimbus aurantius Vieillot, 1805, Ois. Chant., p. 73 — Malimbe,
Portuguese Congo.

Liberia to Cameroons (lat. 3°-5° N.), south to Portuguese Congo;
Congo region to lat. 6°S.

Ploceus aurantius rex Neumann

Ploceus aurantius rex Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23,
p. 12 — Entebbe.

Neighborhood of Lake Victoria in Uganda and northwestern
Tanganyika.

PLOCEUS HEUGLINI

Ploceus heuglini Reichenow

Ploceus heuglini Reichenow, 1886, Zool. Jahrb., 1, p. 147 — Bahr
el Ghazal.

Ploceus heuglini neglectus Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
21, p. 58 — Gassam, Senegal.

Hyphantornis heuglini sukensis van Someren, 1922, Novit. Zool.,
29, p. 142 — Kerio River [northwestern Kenya].

Senegal to western Sudan, south to Cameroons (about lat. 8° N.),
extreme northeastern Congo region, and northwestern Kenya.

PLOCEUS BOJERI

Ploceus bojeri (Cabanis)

Hyphantornis bojeri Cabanis, 1869, von der Decken’s Reise, 3,
p- 32 — Mombasa.

4*

42 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Xanthophilus bojeri alleni Mearns, 1911, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 56
(20), p. 6 — Miru River, near Mt. Kenya.

Southern Somalia; Kenya inland to base of Mt. Kenya and
Taveta.

PLOCEUS CASTANEICEPS
Ploceus castaneiceps (Sharpe)

Hyphantornis castaneiceps Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
13, p. 448 — Taveta.

Ploceus schillingsi Reichenow, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10, p. 15 —
Rufu River [= Pangani River, northern Tanganyika Ter-
ritory ].

Extreme southeastern Kenya, inland to Taveta; northeastern
Tanganyika.

PLOCEUS PRINCEPS

Ploceus princeps (Bonaparte)

Symplectes princeps Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 439 — Principe Island.

Principe Island, Gulf of Guinea.

PLOCEUS XANTHOPTERUS
Brown-throated Golden Weaver

Ploceus xanthopterus xanthopterus (Finsch and Hartlaub)

Hyphantornis xanthopterus Finsch and Hartlaub, 1870, Vog.
Ost.-Afr., p.399—Shire Valley. (Type in British Museum
from ‘‘Lower Shire Valley’’.)

Nyasaland and Mozambique.

Ploceus xanthopterus marleyi (Roberts)

Hyphantornis (Oriolinus) xanthopterus marleyi Roberts, 1929,
Ann. Transvaal Mus., 13, p. 74 — Umzungazi River, St. Lucia
Lake District, Zululand.

Coastal areas of extreme southern Mozambique, Zululand, and
Natal south to about Durban.

Ploceus xanthopterus castaneigula (Cabanis)

Hyphantornis castaneigula Cabanis, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32,
p. 240 — Zambesi (Diamond Fields). Restricted to Impalera,
northeastern Bechuanaland by Grant and Mackworth-Praed
(1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 68, p. 60).

Northern Bechuanaland, Caprivi Strip, and southwestern North-
ern Rhodesia.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 43

PLOCEUS CASTANOPS

Ploceus castanops Shelley

Ploceus castanops Shelley, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 35
— lado. Type in British Museum from Wadelai [Uganda,
close to Sudan border].

Uganda; Ruanda and extreme eastern Congo region from Kivu
northwards; extreme northwestern Tanganyika (Bukoba).

PLOCEUS GALBULA
Ploceus galbula Riippell

Ploceus galbula Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelt., Vog., p. 92, pl. 32
(2) — Modat valley, Eritrea.

Ploceus flavissimus Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55, p. 595 —
Soullouké, Shoa.

Ploceus galbula arabs Neunzig, 1925, Orn. Monatsb., 33, p. 93 —
El-Hota near Aden.

Sudan east of the White Nile; Ethiopia; British Somaliland;
southwestern Arabia from north of Mecca to the western Hadramaut.

PLOCEUS TAENIOPTERUS
Ploceus taeniopterus taeniopterus Reichenbach
Ploceus taeniopterus Reichenbach, 1863, Singvoégel, p. 78 — Sudan.

Sudan east of Darfur and south of about lat. 14° N.; extreme
northeastern Congo region; northern Uganda; extreme southern
Ethiopia.

Ploceus taeniopterus furensis Lynes

Ploceus taeniopterus furensis Lynes, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p. 94 — Zalingei, Darfur.

Darfur.
PLOCEUS INTERMEDIUS

Lesser Masked Weaver
Ploceus intermedius beattyi Traylor

Ploceus intermedius beattyi Traylor, 1959, Nat. Hist. Mise.
(Chicago), no. 169, p. 1 — Luanda, Angola.

Arid coastal zone of Angola from Luanda to Benguela.

Ploceus intermedius cabanisii (Peters)
Hyphantornis cabanisii Peters, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., 16, p. 133 —
Inhambane [Mozambique].
Ploceus liibberti Reichenow, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10, p. 77 —
Damaraland.
Tanganyika, southeastern Congo region, south of about lat. 8° S.,
and perhaps extreme southwestern Angola, south to northern South
West Africa, Bechuanaland, Transvaal, and Zululand.

44 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ploceus intermedius intermedius Riippell

Ploceus intermedius Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers., pp. 71, 76 —
Shoa.

Hyphantornis intermedius kisumui van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 122 — Kisumu.

Hyphantornis intermedius littoralis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 123 — Changamwe [near Mombasa].

Southern Ethiopia and neighboring part of Sudan; Somaliland;
Kenya; Uganda; Ruanda and neighboring part of Congo region;
Tanganyika.

PLOCEUS VELATUS
Masked Weaver

Ploceus velatus vitellinus (Lichtenstein)

Fringilla vitellina Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 23 —
Senegambia.

Senegal to the Sudan and thence south to the north end of Lake
Albert.

Ploceus velatus uluensis (Neumann)

Hyphantornis vitellinus uluensis Neumann, 1900, Journ. f. Orn.,
48, p. 282 — Ulu Mts., Mackakos district [southeastern Kenya].

Hyphantornis lineolatus Shelley, 1905, Birds Africa, 4, p. 446 —
“Somali”. Type from Sheikh Hussein [Ethiopia, near border
of British Somaliland] in British Museum.

Southeastern Sudan and southern Ethiopia, south through the
Somalilands, Uganda, and Kenya to the northern half of Tanganyika.

Ploceus velatus upembae (Verheyen)

Textor velatus upembae Verheyen, 1953, Expl. Parc Nat. Upemba,
Mission G. F. Witte, 19, p. 612 — Mabwe [Congo].

Lake Upemba (Congo region about lat. 8° S., long. 26° E.).

Ploceus velatus katangae (Verheyen)
Sitagra velatus katangae Verheyen, 1947, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Belge, 23 (10), p. 3 — Musosa, Belgian Congo.
Extreme southeastern Congo region; Northern Rhodesia north
of about lat. 12°S. and west of about long. 31° E.

Ploceus velatus reichardi Reichenow

Ploceus reichardi Reichenow, 1886, Zool. Jahrb., 1, p. 150 —
Karema [east shore of Lake Tanganyika].

Southwestern Tanganyika, Karema to Rukwa.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 45

Ploceus velatus velatus Vieillot

Ploceus velatus Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Nat. Hist., nouv. éd.,
34, p. 132— Namaqualand (probably about Goodhouse or
Pella on the Orange River according to Macdonald, 1957,
Contr. Orn. W. South Africa, p. 161).

Oriolus arundinarius Burchell, 1822, Travels, 1, p. 464 — Klaar-
water, West Griqualand.

Ploceus tahatali A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Cent. Africa, p. 50
— “‘between the Orange River and the tropic’. Restricted by
Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1955, Birds Eastern and North
Eastern Africa, 2, p. 900, to ‘““Marico River, Western Trans-
vaal’’.

Ploceus auricapillus Swainson, 1837, Anim. Menag., p. 346 —
South Africa.

Ploceus mariquensis A.Smith, 1845, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Aves,
p- 103 — “Northward of Kurrichaine’’.

Hyphantornis shelleyi Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13,
p. 464 — type in British Museum from Tete, Zambesi River,
Mozambique.

Ploceus finschi Reichenow, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 23 —
Mossamedes.

’Ploceus velatus inustus Clancey, 1959, Durban Mus. Novit., 5,
p. 173 — Lokenburg, Calvinia, western Cape Province.

’Ploceus velatus caurinus Clancey, 1959, Durban Mus. Novit., 5,
p. 177 — Okahandja, Damaraland, South West Africa.

Southern Angola; the Rhodesias; Nyasaland; Mozambique;

western Transvaal; Bechuanaland: South West Africa; north-
western Cape Province.

Ploceus velatus nigrifrons (Cabanis)

Hyphantornis nigrifrons Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 182 —
“Kaffernland’” = Eastern Cape Province, according to
McLachlan and Liversidge (1957, in Roberts, Birds S. Africa,
p. 433).

Union of South Africa except northwestern Cape and part of

Transvaal.

PLOCEUS SPEKEI
Ploceus spekei (Heuglin)

Hyphantornis spekei Heuglin, 1861, in Petermann’s Geog. Mitt.,
1861, p.24— Somaliland = H. baglafecht Blyth nec Vieillot
1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24, p. 301). Type locality re-
stricted to “northern Italian Somaliland” by Grant and Mack-
worth-Praed (1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 64, p. 67).

Southern Ethiopia; Somaliland; Somalia; Kenya; northeastern
Tanganyika.

46 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PLOCEUS SPEKEOIDES

Ploceus spekeoides Grant and Mackworth-Praed
Ploceus spekeoides Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1947, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 68, p. 7 — Ngariam, Teso, Uganda.
Uganda north of about lat. 1° 30’ N.

PLOCEUS CUCULLATUS!
Spotted-backed Weaver

Ploceus cucullatus cucullatus (Miller)
Oriolus cucullatus Miiller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 87 —
Senegal.
Senegal east to the bend of the Ubangi; Fernando Po; Sao
Tomé (probably this subspecies; introduced); Haiti (introduced).

Ploceus cucullatus collaris Vieillot

Ploceus collaris Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
34, p. 129 — Senegal [error] and Angola.

Gaboon; Congo west of long. 18° E.; northern Angola.

Ploceus cucullatus bohndorffi Reichenow

Ploceus bohndorffi Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 214 —
Stanley Falls.

Hyphantornis feminina Ogilvie-Grant, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
21, p.15—west of Entebbe, 3,500 to 3,700 ft., to south-
eastern Ruwenzori, 3,400 ft. Type, in British Museum, from
southeastern Ruwenzori, 3,400 ft.

Congo region north of about lat. 4°S.; Sudan; extreme north-

western Tanganyika; Uganda, intergrading eastwards with abys-
simicus.

Ploceus cucullatus abyssinicus (Gmelin)
Loxia abyssinica Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 860 — Abys-
sinia. Restricted to ‘‘North Abyssinia’? by Grant and Mack-
worth-Praed (1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 64, p. 67).

Ethiopia.

Ploceus cucullatus frobenii Reichenow
Ploceus cucullatus frobenit Reichenow, 1923, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Hamburg, 40, p.64— Lupungu, Lomami district, Belgian
Congo.
Southern Congo; about lat. 4° to 8°S.; long. 18° to 26° E.

1 To the cucullatus species group belong also aurantius, badius, bojeri,
castaneiceps, castanops, dicrocephalus, galbula, grandis, heuglini, intermedius,
jacksoni, melanocephalus, nigerrimus, princeps, rubiginosus, spekei, spekeotdes,
subaureus, taeniopterus, velatus, xanthops, and xanthopterus (Ibis, 102, p. 454,
1960).

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 47

Ploceus cucullatus graueri Hartert

Ploceus grauert Hartert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, p. 21 —
Usumbura, north end of Lake Tanganyika.

Ruanda-Urundi and contiguous parts of Tanganyika.

Ploceus cucullatus nigriceps (Layard)

Hyphantornis nigriceps Layard, 1867, Birds S. Africa, p. 180 —
“Kuruman’’, error for Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (Grant
and Mackworth-Praed, 1957, Ostrich, 28, p. 175).

Ploceus cucullatus paroptus Clancey, 1959, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
79, p. 41 — Sokoke, coastal Kenya.

Southern Somalia; eastern Kenya; eastern Tanganyika; Mafia
Island and neighboring islets; Nyasaland; the Rhodesias; south-
eastern Congo region; Mozambique. Intergrading with spilonotus in
the neighborhood of the Mozambique—Southern Rhodesia border.

Ploceus cucullatus spilonotus Vigors
Ploceus spilonotus Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 92
— Algoa Bay.
Ploceus spilonotus dilutescens Clancey, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
76, p. 89 — Palmeira, north of Manhica, Sul do Save, southern
Mozambique.

Transvaal; southern Mozambique; eastern Transvaal; Natal;
eastern Cape Province; introduced in Mauritius and Réunion.

PLOCEUS GRANDIS

Ploceus grandis (Gray)

Hyphantornis grandis G. R. Gray, 1844, Gen. Birds, 2, p. [1] of
Ploceinae = Ploceus collaris Fraser nec Vieillot (1842, Proce.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 142) — Sao Tomé.

Sao Tomé Island.

PLOCEUS NIGERRIMUS

Ploceus nigerrimus castaneo-fuscus Lesson
Ploceus castaneo-fuscus Lesson, 1840, Rev. Zool., p. 99 — Casa-
manse.
Liberia (perhaps Senegal) to Eastern Nigeria, where it inter-
grades with nominate nigerrimus.

Ploceus nigerrimus nigerrimus Vieillot
Ploceus nigerrimus Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 34, p. 130 — “Kingdom of Congo”’.
Eastern Nigeria south to northern Angola and east to extreme
southern Sudan; western Kenya; extreme western Tanganyika;
Congo region except southeast.

48 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PLOCEUS WEYNSI

Ploceus weynsi (Dubois)

Melanopteryx weynsi Dubois, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 69 —
Bumba, Upper Congo.

Congo region from the Equator northwards; extreme north-
western Tanganyika (Bukoba); southern Uganda.

PLOCEUS GOLANDI

Ploceus golandi (Clarke)

Heterhyphantes golandi Clarke, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, p.
32 — Mombasa.

Kenya (coastal forests).

PLOCEUS DICROCEPHALUS

Ploceus dicrocephalus (Salvadori)
Hyphantornis dicrocephala Salvadori, 1896, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
16 (2), p. 45 — Somali.

Ploceus orphnocephalus Erlanger, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 23
— Duma Duma, “‘Siid Somaliland, Flussgebiet des Dama und
Jubba”’.

Southeast Ethiopia; southern Somalia; northeast Kenya.

PLOCEUS MELANOCEPHALUS

Ploceus melanocephalus melanocephalus (Linnaeus)

Loxia melanocephala Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 175
— Guinea.

Senegal to Portuguese Guinea and probably farther east, even
to Lake Chad.

Ploceus melanocephalus capitalis (Latham)

Tanagra capitalis Latham, 1790, Ind. Orn., 1, p.432—no
locality. Type locality fixed as ‘“‘the lower Niger River, southern
Nigeria” by Grant and Mackworth-Praed (1944, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 64, p. 68).

Nigeria to Oubangi-Chari; Sao Tomé (perhaps introduced).

Ploceus melanocephalus duboisi Hartlaub

Ploceus duboisi Hartlaub, 1886, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belge, 4,
p. 144 — Mpala [west shore of Lake Tanganyika].

Ploceus melanocephalus usumburae Neumann, 1920, Journ. f.
Orn., 68, p.82— Usumbura [Urundi, north end of Lake
Tanganyika].

Northern and southeastern Congo region, intergrading in Urundi

with fischeri; extreme north of Northern Rhodesia.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 49

Ploceus melanocephalus dimidiatus (Antinori and Salvadori)
Hyphantornis dimidiata Antinori and Salvadori, 1873, Atti. R.
Acead. Sci. Torino, 8, p. 360 — Kassala.

Kassala area of the Sudan.

Ploceus melanocephalus fischeri Reichenow
Ploceus fischeri Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 69 —
Kagehi [near Mwanza, Tanganyika].
Uganda; Kenya and Tanganyika on the shores of Lake Victoria.

PLOCEUS JACKSONI

Ploceus jacksoni Shelley

Ploceus jacksoni Shelley, 1888, Ibis, p. 293 — Kilimanjaro (ibid.
p. 290).

Ploceus jacksoni jucundus Friedmann, 1931, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 44, p. 117 — Nyanza, northeast shore of Lake
Tanganyika, Urundi.

Sudan, on Uganda border; Uganda; Kenya in west and at

Taveta; Tanganyika south to about Kigoma and Iringa, but not
in coastal zone.

PLOCEUS BADIUS

Ploceus badius badius (Cassin)

Hyphantornis badius Cassin, 1850, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 5, p. 57 — “‘Fazogloa; Eastern Africa” (presumed to
be Fazogli, Sudan).

Eastern Sudan.

Ploceus badius axillaris (Heuglin)

Hyphantornis axillaris Heuglin, 1867, Journ. f. Orn., 15, p. 381
— Kidj-Neger = Shambe district of White Nile (Sclater and
Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 436).

Southern Sudan.

PLOCEUS RUBIGINOSUS
Chestnut Weaver

Ploceus rubiginosus rubiginosus Riippell
Ploceus rubiginosus Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel, pp. 93,
100 — Abyssinia.
Ethiopia, except eastern Eritrea; extreme southeastern Sudan;
the Somalilands; northeastern Uganda; Kenya; north-central Tan-
ganyika.

50 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ploceus rubiginosus trothae Reichenow

Ploceus trothae Reichenow, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 147 —
Windhuk, 8.W. Africa.

Ploceus rubiginosus cinnamominus Hartert, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 21, p. 11, Kimukua, Mossamedes, South Angola.

Southwestern Angola and northern half of South West Africa.

PLOCEUS AUREONUCHA

Ploceus aureonucha Sassi

Ploceus aureonucha Sassi, 1920, Orn. Monatsb., 28, p. 81 —
Mawambi, Belgian Congo.

Northeastern Congo forest region.

PLOCEUS TRICOLOR!

Ploceus tricolor tricolor (Hartlaub)

Hyphantornis tricolor Hartlaub, 1854, Journ. f. Orn., 2, p. 110 —
Sierra Leone.

Hyphantornis fusco-castanea Barboza du Bocage, 1880, Jorn. Sci.
Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 29, p. 58 — Loemma River [Portu-
guese Congo].

Sierra Leone to Cameroons and northern Angola.

Ploceus tricolor interscapularis Reichenow

Ploceus interscapularis Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 29
— Bundeko [Ituri, N.E. Congo].

Ploceus rufoniger Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 29 —
Kinjawanga, Semliki Valley.

Cinnamomopteryx mpangae Ogilvie-Grant, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 21, p. 15 — Mpanga Forest, Uganda.

Congo region north of lat. 6° S.; Uganda to Kairrondo.

PLOCEUS ALBINUCHA

Ploceus albinucha albinucha (Bocage)

Sycobius albinucha Barboza du Bocage, 1876, Jorn. Sci. Math.
Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 5, p. 247 — Quanza, Angola [error for West
Africa].

Sierra Leone to Ghana.

Ploceus albinucha maxwelli (Alexander)

Melanopteryx maxwelli Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13,
p. 54 — Moka, Fernando Po.

Fernando Po.
1 P.albinucha belongs to this species group (Ibis, 102, p. 453, 1960).

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 51

Ploceus albinucha holomelas Sassi

Ploceus (Melanopteryx) holomelas Sassi, 1920, Orn. Monatsb., 28,
p. 81 — Mawambi [Ituri, northeastern Congo].

Eastern Nigeria to Gaboon, northeastern Congo region, and
contiguous part of Uganda (Bwamba).

PLOCEUS NELICOURVI

Ploceus nelicourvi (Scopoli)

Parvus (sic) nelicourvt Scopoli, 1786, Del. Flor. Faun. Insurb., fasc.
2, p. 96 — Madagascar, ex Sonnerat, pl. 112.

Madagascar, in forests of east and north.

PLOCEUS SAKALAVA!

Ploceus sakalava sakalava Hartlaub

Ploceus sakalava Hartlaub, 1861, Beitr. Faun. Madag., p. 54 —
Madagascar.

Dry forests and bushy plains of northern and northeastern
Madagascar.

Ploceus sakalava minor (Delacour and Berlioz)

Foudia sakalava minor Delacour and Berlioz, 1931, Oiseau Rev.
Frang. Orn., 1, p. 4 — Befandriana, southwest Madagascar.

Dry forests and plains of western, and sub-deserts of southwestern,
Madagascar.

PLOCEUS HYPOXANTHUS?

Ploceus hypoxanthus hymenaicus Deignan

Ploceus hypoxanthus hymenaicus Deignan,? 1947, Auk, 64, p. 305
— Nong (Bung) Boraphet, central Siam, lat. 15° 43’ N., long.
100° 14’ E.

Burma south of about lat. 22° N.; Thailand; Cambodia; Cochin-

China.

Ploceus hypoxanthus hypoxanthus (Sparrman)
Loxia hypoxantha Sparrman, 1788, Mus. Carls., fase., 3, p. 71 —
Sumatra.
Loxia javanensis Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., 1, p. 446 — Java.
Sumatra and Java.

1 Belongs to the nelicourvi species group (Ibis, 102, p. 452, 1960).

2 Forms with superciliosus the hypoxanthus species group (Ibis, 102, p. 453,
1960).

3 Ploceus chryseus Hume, 1878, Stray Feathers, 6, p.399 (Burma) is a
nomen nudum, Deignan, ibid.

52 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PLOCEUS SUPERCILIOSUS

Ploceus superciliosus (Shelley)

Hyphantornis superciliosus! Shelley, 1873, Ibis, p. 140 — West
Africa.

Ploceus pachyrhynchus Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 29
— Central Africa, Kerevia [Semliki Valley].

Pachyphantes superciliosus omoensis Neumann, 1905, Journ. f.
Orn., 53, p. 342 — Omo River between Malo and Kosha.

Sierra Leone to southern Ethiopia, south to northern Angola,
southern Congo, and northwestern Tanganyika (Bukoba).

PLOCEUS BENGHALENSIS

Ploceus benghalensis (Linnaeus)

Loxia benghalensis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 305
— Bengal.

Pakistan and northern India, from North West Frontier Province,
eastern Punjab, and Sind to Assam and Manipur.

PLOCEUS MANYAR?

Ploceus manyar flaviceps (Lesson)
Loxia flaviceps Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 435 — Pondichéry.
Euplectes striatus Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11,
p. 873 — Western India.
West Pakistan; India (intergrading in the east with P. m. pe-
guensis), south to Hyderabad and Kerala; Ceylon.

Ploceus manyar peguensis Baker

Ploceus manyar peguensis Baker, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45,
p. 58 — Pegu [Burma].

Assam and East Pakistan, intergrading with P.m. flaviceps in
Bihar and West Bengal; Burma except in the south.

Ploceus manyar williamsoni Hall
Ploceus manyar williamsoni Hall, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 77,
p. 46 — Samkok, central Siam.
Thailand; Annam; perhaps also Cochin-China and Yunnan.
1 This name is not preoccupied by Ploceus superciliosus Cretzschmar, 1826,
because, at the time Shelley proposed his name, the bird named by Cretzschmar

was universally regarded as a Plocepasser not a Ploceus, cf. Grant and Mack-
worth-Praed (1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 77, p. 49).

2 P. benghalensis and philippinus belong to the manyar species group (Ibis,
102, p. 453, 1960).

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 53

Ploceus manyar manyar (Horsfield)

Fringilla manyar Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13,
p. 160 — Java.

Java, Bali, Bawean.

PLOCEUS PHILIPPINUS
Ploceus philippinus philippinus (Linnaeus)
Loxia philippina Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 1, p. 305 —
Philippines. Error for Ceylon (Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9,
p. 577).

Ploceus baya Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 488 —
India.

Ploceus atrigula Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 491
—ex Hodgson MS.

Ploceus philippinus sardarpateli Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India, 4, p. 43 — Ratnapur, Saurashtra.
West Pakistan; India except the southwestern coastal strip;
Ceylon.
Ploceus philippinus travancoreensis Ali and Whistler

Ploceus philippinus travancoreensis Ali and Whistler, 1936, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, p. 504 — Kottayam (Backwaters).

Travancore and Cochin (Kerala State), north along the west
coast at least to the neighborhood of Goa (lat. 15° 30’S.).
Ploceus philippinus burmanicus Ticehurst

Ploceus infortunatus burmanicus Ticehurst, 1932, Bull. Brit. Orn.

Cl., 52, p. 105 — Akyab.

West Bengal, Duars, East Pakistan, Assam, Burma. Intergrading
with nominate philippinus in West Bengal.
Ploceus philippinus infortunatus Hartert

Ploceus passerinus infortunatus Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9,
p. 577 — Sungei Lebeh [Kelantan, Malaya].

Malay Peninsula; Tenasserim (southern Burma); Annam;
Cochin-China; Sumatra and Nias.
Ploceus philippensis angelorum Deignan

Ploceus philippensis angelorum Deignan, 1956, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 69, p. 211 — Bangkok, Thailand.

Plains of central Thailand.

PLOCEUS MEGARHYNCHUS
Ploceus megarhynchus Hume!
Ploceus megarhynchus Hume, 1869, Ibis, p. 356 — “the Terai”
(Kaladingee, Kumaon Terai; Baker, 1926, Fauna, Brit. India,
Birds; 2 ed.,.3; -p.69).

1 For P.m. salimalii see p. 283.

54 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ploceus rutledgii Finn, 1900, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal., 1899, p. 78
—no type locality.

Base of Himalayas from Kumaon to Assam.

PLOCEUS BICOLOR
Forest Weaver

Ploceus bicolor tephronotus (Reichenow)

Symplectes tephronotus Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 184
— Buea, 1,200-1,900 m. [Cameroon Mt.].

Sycobrotus poensis Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, p. 38
— Bakaki, 4,000 ft., Fernando Po.

Symplectes amaurocephalus analogus Todd, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 45, p. 221 — Jele, Cameroons.

Cameroons and extreme east of Eastern Nigeria; Fernando Po.

Ploceus bicolor amaurocephalus (Cabanis)

Sycobrotus amaurocephalus Cabanis, 1880, Journ. f. Orn., 28, p.
349 — no locality. (Malange, Angola, according to Shelley,
1905, Birds Africa, 4, p. 370).

Northern Angola.

Ploceus bicolor mentalis (Hartlaub)
Symplectes mentalis Hartlaub, 1891, Journ. f. Orn., 39, p. 314 —
Buguera [highland west of Lake Albert].
Sycobrotus nandensis Jackson, 1899, Ibis, p. 615 — Nandi, 6,000
ft. [western Kenya].
Sudan on border of Uganda (Imatong Hills); Congo region in ex-
treme east, south to about lat. 5° S.; Uganda; western Kenya.

Ploceus bicolor kigomaensis (Grant and Mackworth-Praed)
Symplectes bicolor kigomaensis Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1956,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 76, p. 33 — Kazinga, near Kigoma, Tan-
ganyika Territory.
Congo region, south of about lat. 5° S.; Northern Rhodesia, east
of about long. 24° E. and north of about lat. 12°S.; extreme
western Tanganyika Territory.

Ploceus bicolor kersteni (Finsch and Hartlaub)

Sycobrotus kerstent Finsch and Hartlaub, 1870, Vo6g. Ost.-Afr.,
p. 404 — Zanzibar.
Italian Somaliland (extreme south); Zanzibar Island; Kenya,
coastal belt; eastern Tanganyika Territory, on coast south to
Rufiji River and inland to Usambara, Kilosa, Mahenge, and Njombe.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 55

Ploceus bicolor stictifrons (Fischer and Reichenow)

Symplectes stictifrons Fischer and Reichenow, 1885, Journ. f. Orn.,
33, p. 373 — Lindi [Tanganyika Territory].

Ploceus quilimanensis Reichenow, 1917, Journ. f. Orn., 65, p. 392
— Quilimane [Mozambique].

Ploceus epipolius Reichenow, 1917, Journ. f. Orn., 65, p. 392 —
Kilwa (Tanganyika Territory).

Tanganyika Territory coast from Kilwa southwards ; Mozambique;
Nyasaland south of lat. 14° S.; eastern edge of Southern Rhodesia.

Ploceus bicolor lebomboensis (Roberts)

Sycobrotus bicolor lebomboensis Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 18, p. 220 — Ingwavuma, NE. Zululand.

North Zululand (interior) and neighboring part of Mozambique.

Ploceus bicolor sclateri (Roberts)

Sycobrotus bicolor sclateri Roberts, 1931, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
14, p. 244 — Mkusi River, east of Ubombo, Zululand.

North Zululand (coastal) and neighboring part of Mozambique.

Ploceus bicolor bicolor Vieillot

Ploceus bicolor Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,

34, p. 127 — Senegal [error] = South Africa (Hartert, 1907,
Novit. Zool., 14, p. 501).

Ploceus gregalis Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 23 — “Terr.
Caffror.”’.

Ploceus pondoensis Reichenow, 1917, Journ. f. Orn., 65, p. 392
— St. John’s, Pondoland.

Zululand; Natal; eastern edge of Transvaal; eastern Cape Pro-
vince.

PLOCEUS FLAVIPES
Ploceus flavipes (Chapin)

Malimbus flavipes Chapin, 1916, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35,
p. 27 — Avakubi.

Northeastern Congo region, where known only from Avakubi
eastwards, between the Equator and lat. 2° N.

PLOCEUS PREUSSI
Ploceus preussi (Reichenow)

Symplectes preussi Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 442 —
Victoria, Cameroons.

Symplectes auricomus Sjostedt, 1895, Kongl. Svensk Vet.-Akad.
Handl., 27, p. 86 — Bonge, Mt. Cameroon.
5

56 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Sycobrotus herberti Alexander, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. 88
—Uele River (at Pompari; Bannerman, 1949, Birds Trop.
W. Afr... °7,..p.41).

Ploceus preussi congoensis Neunzig, 1927, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern,
1, p. 105 — Makaia-Ntete in Mayombe.

Lowland forests of western Africa from Sierra Leone south to
Cameroons and east along the edge of the Upper Congo forest
(Uele River).

PLOCEUS DORSOMACULATUS

Ploceus dorsomaculatus (Reichenow)

Symplectes dorsomaculatus Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1,
p. 177 — Jaunde, Cameroons.

Cameroons; both sides of the Congo, about lat. 2° 45'S. to 2° 30’
N.; long. 29° to 30° E.

PLOCEUS OLIVACEICEPS

Ploceus olivaceiceps nicolli Sclater

Ploceus (Symplectes) nicolli W. L. Sclater, 1931, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 52, p. 26 — Amani, East Usambara Mts., NE. Tanganyika.

East and West Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika.

Ploceus olivaceiceps olivaceiceps (Reichenow)

Symplectes olivaceiceps Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 7
—Songea, near the source of the Rovuma.

Southern Tanganyika east of Lake Nyasa; Mozambique south to
Zambesi; Nyasaland south of about lat. 11°S.

PLOCEUS INSIGNIS!
Ploceus insignis insignis (Sharpe)

Sycobrotus insignis Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 117 — Mt. Elgon.

Sycobrotus croconotus Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 185
— Buea, 1,100 m. [Mt. Cameroon].

Symplectes castanicapillus Sjostedt, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 43
— Mann’s Spring, 7,000 ft. [Mt. Cameroon].

Ploceus insignis frater Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23,
p. 12 — 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward.

Ploceus insignis ornatus Granvik, 1922, Orn. Monatsb., 30, p. 40
— Kiambu, near Nairobi.

Phormoplectes insignis okuensis Bannerman, 1943, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 63, p. 64— Oku, west of Kumbo, 7,000 ft., Cameroons
highlands.

1 Forms with preussi, dorsomaculatus, angolensis, and st. thomae the insignis
species group (Ibis, 102, p. 452, 1960).

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 57

Cameroons; northern Angola (Gabela); extreme eastern Congo
region from west of Lake Albert to northwest of Lake Tanganyika;
extreme southern Sudan (Imatong and Dongatona Mountains);
Uganda (Ankole) ; extreme western Tanganyika (Kungwe Mountain) ;
Kenya, in highlands east and west of Rift and also on Marsabit
Mountain.

Ploceus insignis unicus Stresemann

Ploceus insignis unicus Stresemann, 1948, Ibis, 90, p. 335 —
Fernando Po.

Fernando Po.

PLOCEUS ANGOLENSIS
Bar-winged Weaver

Ploceus angolensis (Bocage)

Sharpia angolensis Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math.
Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 6, p. 258 — Caconda [Angola].

Angola; southeastern Congo and Northern Rhodesia near their
common border; northern South West Africa.

PLOCEUS ST. THOMAE

Ploceus st. thomae (Hartlaub)

Sycobius st.thomae Hartlaub, 1848, Rev. Zool., p. 109 — Sao
Tomé Island.

Sao Tomé Island.

GENUS MALIMBUS VIEILLoT

Malimbus Vieillot, 1805, Ois. Chant., p. 71. Type, by monotypy,
Malimbus cristatus Vieillot = Tanagra malimbica Daudin.
Anaplectes Reichenbach, 1863, Singvégel, p. 86. Type, by sub-
sequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13,
p- 411), Ploceus melanotis Lafresnaye, 1840, (nec Swainson,

1838) = Ploceus leuconotus Miiller.

cf. Moreau, 1958, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africa, 57, pp. 241-255 (review).

MALIMBUS CORONATUS

Malimbus coronatus Sharpe
Malimbus coronatus Sharpe, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. 18
— River Ja, Cameroons.
Malimbus gracilirostris Reichenow, 1909, Journ. f. Orn., 57, p. 108
— Avakubi [NE. Congo region].

Cameroons and Spanish Guinea between about lat. 2° and 3° N.
and east to long. 15° E.; Congo region east of long. 22° E. and be-
tween lat. 4° N. and lat. 4°S.

5*

58 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

MALIMBUS CASSINI

Malimbus cassini (Elliot)
Sycobius cassini Elliot, 1859, Ibis, p. 392 — Gaboon.
Southern Cameroons; Gaboon; Congo region to about 4° 30’S.

MALIMBUS SCUTATUS

Malimbus scutatus scutatus (Cassin)

S[y]cobius scutatus Cassin, 1849, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, 4, p. 157 — “‘Western Africa’”’; by inference Sierra Leone.

Sierra Leone to Ghana and perhaps Dahomey.

Malimbus scutatus scutopartitus Reichenow

Malimbus scutopartitus Reichenow, 1894, Journ. f. Orn., 42,
p. 38 — Victoria [Cameroons].

Southern Nigeria, from Lagos eastwards and north at least to
Ibadan, and just entering Cameroons about Douala.

MALIMBUS RACHELIAE

Malimbus racheliae (Cassin)
Sycobius racheliae Cassin, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, p. 36 — River Muni [Spanish Guinea].
Eastern Nigeria (Calabar) to western Cameroons and south to
aout lat. 1° 30'S. in Gabon. Not recorded east of about long.
12° E.

MALIMBUS IBADANENSIS

Malimbus ibadanensis Elgood

Malimbus ibadanensis Elgood, 1958, Ibis, 100, p. 622 — Ibadan,
Eastern Nigeria.

Known only from the type locality.

MALIMBUS NITENS

Malimbus nitens (Gray)
Ploceus nitens J. E. Gray, 1831, Zool. Misc., 1, p.7— Sierra
Leone (cf. Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 481).
Malimbus nitens microrhynchus Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb.,
p. 161 — Lenda [River, Ituri District, NE. Congo region].
Malimbus nitens moreaui White, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 77,
p. 29 — Efulen, Cameroons.
Portuguese Guinea to Gabon and the Congo region, south to
about lat. 4° S.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 59

MALIMBUS RUBRICOLLIS

Malimbus rubricollis bartletti Sharpe
Malimbus bariletti Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 479
— Wasa Province [Ghana].
Sierra Leone to Ghana.

Malimbus rubricollis nigeriae Bannerman
Malimbus rubricollis nigeriae Bannerman, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 77 — Iju, near Lagos, Nigeria.
Dahomey and Western Nigeria.

Malimbus rubricollis rubricollis (Swainson)

Ploceus rubricollis Swainson, 1838, Anim. Menag., p. 306 — Ma-
limba, Portuguese Congo (ex Vieillot, Ois. Chant., pl. 43).

Sycobius nuchalis Elliot, 1859, Ibis, p. 393 — Gabon.

Malimbus rubricollis centralis Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb..,
1, p. 30 — Ndussuma [Ituri district, northeast Congo].

Eastern Nigeria to extreme southern Sudan, southern Uganda
and extreme western Kenya; south in Congo region as far as about
lat. 4° 30’ S.

Malimbus rubricollis rufovelatus (Fraser)

Euplectes rufovelatus Fraser, 1842, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 142 — Fernando Po.

Fernando Po.

Malimbus rubricollis praedi Bannerman
Malimbus rubricollis praedi Bannerman, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 78 — Ndalla Tando (= Vila Salazar), Angola.

Northern Angola.

MALIMBUS ERYTHROGASTER

Malimbus erythrogaster Reichenow
Malimbus erythrogaster Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 205
— Jaunde, Kamerun.
Malimbus fagani Ogilvie-Grant, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21,
p. 15 — Fort Beni, 3,000 ft., Semliki Valley.
Eastern Nigeria and Cameroons (between lat. 4° and 2° N.) to
long. 13° E., and Congo region (east of long. 21° E.) between lat.
4°N. and lat. 4°S.

MALIMBUS MALIMBICUS

Malimbus malimbicus nigrifrons (Hartlaub)

Sycobius nigrifrons Hartlaub, 1855, Journ. f. Orn., 3, p. 356 —
Rio Bontry [error for Boutry], Ghana.

60 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Malimbus malimbicus melanobrephos Hartert, 1907, Novit. Zool.
14, p. 491 — Gold Coast.

Sierra Leone to western Nigeria.

Malimbus malimbicus malimbicus (Daudin)

Tanagra malimbica Daudin, 1802, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1,
p. 151 — Malimbe [Portuguese Congo].

Sycobius rubriceps Reichenow, 1876, Journ. f. Orn., 24, p. 209
— Cameroons.

Malimbus malimbicus crassirostris Hartert, 1919, Novit. Zool.,
26, p. 140 — Budongo Forest, Unyoro [Uganda].

Malimbus malimbicus granti Bannerman, 1943, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 64, p. 6 — Ndala Tando, northern Angola.

Cameroons to northern Angola; Congo region north of lat.
4° 30’ S.; western Uganda.

MALIMBUS RUBRICEPS

Malimbus rubriceps leuconotus (Miiller)

Ploceus leuconotus Miiller, 1851, Naumannia, 1 (4), p. 28 —
Abyssinia.

Ploceus melanotis Lafresnaye, 1840, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 20 —
interior of Senegal. (Preoccupied by Ploceuws melanotis Swainson,
1838.)

Anaplectes blundelli Ogilvie-Grant, 1900, Ibis, p. 132 — Beni
Schongul, Abyssinia.

Senegal to Somaliland, south (except in the range of jubaensis)

to Angola, southern Congo region and southern Tanganyika, where
intergrades with M. r. rubriceps.

Malimbus rubriceps jubaensis (van Someren)
Anaplectes jubaensis van Someren, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl, 40,
p- 94 — southwest of Juba River [i. e. northeastern Kenya].
Southern Somalia and extreme northeastern Kenya.

Malimbus rubriceps rubriceps (Sundevall)

Ploceus (Hyphanthornis) [sic] rubriceps Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K.
Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, p.97— Upper Caffraria, near the
Tropic. Restricted to Mohapoani, Witfontein Mts., western
Transvaal, by Gyldenstolpe (1934, Ibis, p. 292).

Calyphantria erythrogenys Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ.
f. Orn., 32, p. 181 — Maurui [Tanga Provence, Tanganyika].

Ploceus gurneyi Shelley, 1887, Ibis, p. 17 — Caconda [Angola].

Anaplectes rufigena Shelley, 1900, Birds Africa, 2, p. 341 — Chuta
(Chiuta; ibid., 4 (2), p. 340), Nyasa-Tanganyika Plateau.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 61

Anaplectes melanotis microptera Grote, 1938, Orn. Monatsb., 46,
p. 8 — Mbusini (Useguha).

Southern Angola; northern Bechuanaland; extreme southeastern
Congo region; the Rhodesias; Nyasaland; coastal Tanganyika south
of about the central railway; Mozambique; Transvaal except in the
south.

Genus QUELEA REICHENBACH

Quelea Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 76, fig. 5. Type, by
tautonymy, Emberiza quelea Linnaeus.

QUELEA CARDINALIS
Cardinal Quelea

Quelea cardinalis cardinalis (Hartlaub)
mipleniiee cardinalis Hartlaub, 1880, Journ. f. Orn., 28, p. 325
— Lado.
Quelea cardinalis pallida Friedmann, 1931, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 44, p. 119 — Indunamara Mts., Kenya Colony.
Southeastern Sudan; southern Ethiopia; Uganda; northwestern
Kenya; Ruanda-Urundi; extreme northeastern Congo region ; north-
western Tanganyika.

Quelea cardinalis rhodesiae Grant and Mackworth-Praed
Quelea cardinalis rhodesiae Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1944,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 64, p. 65 — near Molilo’s, Petauke, eastern
Luangwa District, northeastern Northern Rhodesia.
Tanganyika (and perhaps southeastern Kenya); Northern Rho-
desia (Luangwa Valley).

QUELEA ERYTHROPS

Quelea erythrops (Hartlaub)
Ploceus erythrops Hartlaub, 1848, Rev. Zool., pl. 109 — Sao
Tomé.

Senegal to Ethiopia; south to Angola on the west and Pondoland
in the southeast, but absent from most of Kenya and from the
forested part of the Congo. Islands of Fernando Po, Sao Tomé,
and Principe.

QUELEA QUELEA
Red-billed Quelea

Quelea quelea quelea (Linnaeus)
Emberiza quelea Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 177 —
“TIndia’’. Senegal, ex Brisson (see Linnaeus, 1776, Syst. Nat.,
ed. 12, 1, p. 310).
Ploceus russi Finsch, 1877, Gefied. Welt, p. 307 — West Africa.

Senegal to Oubangi-Chari.

62 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Quelea quelea aethiopica (Sundevall)

Ploceus aethiopicus Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad.
Forh., 7, p. 126 — Sennar.

Hyphantica aethiopica var. intermedia Reichenow, 1886, Journ. f.
Orn., 14, p. 393 — Barawa [= Brava, southern Somalia].

Quelea sanguinirostris centralis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 122 — Lake Edward.

Northwest Sudan to Somaliland, south to Uganda and Kenya;
thence intergrading southwards, through Tanganyika and the
eastern Congo region, with lathamiv.

Quelea quelea lathamii (Smith)

Loxia lathamii A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Cent. Afr., p. 51 —
near Kurrichaine.

Quelea quelea spoliator Clancey, 1960, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 80,
p. 67 — Near Bergville, Natal.

Angola, southeast Congo region, and Northern Rhodesia south-
wards throughout southern Africa.

Genus FOUDIA REIcHENBACH

Foudia Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 79. Type, by sub-
sequent designation (Gray, 1855, Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 70),
Loxia madagascariensis Linnaeus.

Calyphantria Heine, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 144. Type, by
original designation, Loria madagascariensis Linnaeus.

Nesacanthis Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 483. Type,
by original designation, Foudia eminentissima Bonaparte.

Neshyphantes Shelley, 1896, Birds Africa, 1, p. 36. Type, by
original designation, Foudia flavicans A. Newton.

cf. Moreau, 1960, Journ. f. Orn., 101, pp. 29-49 (review).

FOUDIA MADAGASCARIENSIS

Foudia madagascariensis (Linnaeus)

Loxia madagascariensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1,
p. 300 — Madagascar.

Madagascar. Also Comoro Islands, Amirantes, Seychelles, Mauri-
tius, Réunion, St. Helena, and perhaps Diego Garcia, to all of which
presumably introduced.

FOUDIA EMINENTISSIMA

Foudia eminentissima aldabrana Ridgway

Foudia aldabrana Ridgway, 1893, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 16,
p. 598 — Aldabra Island.

Aldabra Island.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 63

Foudia eminentissima consobrina Milne-Edwards and Oustalet

Foudia consobrina Milne-Edwards and Oustalet, 1885, Compt.
Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 101, p. 222 — Angasiza [= Grand Co-
moro].

Grand Comoro Island.

Foudia eminentissima anjuanensis (Milne-Edwards and
Oustalet)

Ploceus (Foudia) anjuanensis Milne-Edwards and Oustalet, 1888,
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 10 (2), p. 271 — Anjouan,
Comoro Islands.

Anjouan, Comoro Islands.

Foudia eminentissima eminentissima Bonaparte

Foudia eminentissimus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 446 — “Zanzibar”, error for Mohéli Island, fide Benson
(1960, Ibis, 103 b, p. 101).

Mohéli Island, Comoro group.

Foudia eminentissima algondae (Schlegel)

Ploceus algondae Schlegel, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 423
— Mayotte.

Mayotte Island, Comoro group.

Foudia eminentissima omissa Rothschild

Foudia omissa Rothschild, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, p. 26
— Tamatave, Madagascar.

Forests of eastern Madagascar.

FOUDIA RUBRA

Foudia rubra (Gmelin)

Emberiza rubra Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 877 — Isle de
France [= Mauritius].

Mauritius.

?FOUDIA BRUANTE

?Foudia bruante (Miller)
Fringilla bruante Miller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 164 —
Bourbon [= Réunion]; (based on Buffon).

Emberiza fusco-fulvua Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. enlum., p. 20 —
Bourbon.

Réunion Island; existence doubtful. If it did exist once it does
no longer.

64 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

FOUDIA SECHELLARUM

Foudia sechellarum Newton
Foudia sechellarum E. Newton, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 8346 — Marianne Island.

Seychelles, now surviving only on Frigate, Cousin, and Cousine
Islands.

FOUDIA FLAVICANS

Foudia flavicans Newton
Foudia flavicans Newton, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 47 —
Rodriguez Island.
Rodriguez Island.

Genus EUPLECTES Swatnson

Kuplectes Swainson, 1829, Zool. Ill. (2) 1, text to pl. 37. Type, by
original designation, Loxia orix Linnaeus.

Pyromelana Bonaparte, 1831, Giorn. Arcad. Sci. Lett. Arti, Rome,
52, p. 206. Type, by original designation, Loxia orix Linnaeus.

Coliuspasser Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel, p. 98. Type,
by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, List. Gen. Subgen.
Birds, p. 71), Coliuspasser flaviscapulatus Riippell = Fringilla
macrocerca Lichtenstein.

Hyperanthus Gistel, 1848, Naturg. Thierr. hGheren Schul., p. ix.
Substitute name for Hwplectes Swainson.

Urobrachya Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 447. Type,
by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, List Gen. Subgen.
Birds, p. 7), Vidua axillaris Smith.

Taha Reichenbach, 1863, Singvégel, p. 73. Type, by tautonymy,
Euplectes taha Smith.

Penthetriopsis Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 220.
Type, by subsequent designation (Shelley, 1896, Birds Africa,
1, p. 23), Loxia macroura Gmelin.

Drepanoplectes Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 246. Type, by monotypy,
Drepanoplectes jacksoni Sharpe.

Brachycope Reichenow, 1900, Journ. f. Orn., 48, p. 249. Type,
by monotypy, Brachycope anomala Reichenow.

Diatropura Oberholser, 1900, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
1899, p. 215. Type, by original designation, Emberiza progne
Boddaert.

Niobella Boetticher and Wolters, 1939, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn.,
9, p.579. Type, by original designation, Fringilla ardens
Boddaert.

Boetticherella Wolters, 1943, Zool. Anz., 143, p. 183. Type, by
original designation, Huplectes diadematus Fischer and Reichenow.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 65

Groteiplectes Wolters, 1943, Zool. Anz., 143, p. 183. Type, by
original designation, Huplectes gierowii Cabanis.

Paraplectes Wolters, 1943, Zool. Anz., 143, p. 184. Type, by
original designation, Loxia aurea Gmelin.

Phlogoplectes Wolters, 1943, Zool. Anz., 143, p. 184. Type, by
original designation, Hwuplectes hordeaceus Linnaeus.

Tachyplectes Wolters, 1943, Zool. Anz., 143, p. 185. Type, by
original designation, Vidua albonotata Cassin.
ef. Delacour and Edmond-Blanc, 1933, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn.,
3, pp. 519-562 (revision).
Moreau, 1960, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 80, pp. 89-92 (H. capensis).

EUPLECTES ANOMALUS

Euplectes anomalus (Reichenow)

Ploceus anomalus Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 214 —
Stanley Falls.

Southeastern Cameroons; Congo region west of about long.
27° E. and north of lat. 6°S.

EUPLECTES AFER
Golden Bishop

Euplectes afer afer (Gmelin)

Lozxia afra Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 857 — Africa
(Senegal; Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1944, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 65, p. 10).

Senegal to Darfur, south to Congo west of long. 27° E.

Euplectes afer ladoensis Reichenow

Euplectes ladoensis Reichenow, 1885, Journ. f. Orn., 33, p. 218
— Lado.

Sudan south of about lat. 10° N. and near Nile; extreme north-
eastern Congo region; Uganda; part of northern Kenya; northern
Tanganyika.

Euplectes afer strictus Hartlaub
Ewplectes strictus Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., p. 129 —
Simen, Abyssinia.

Pyromelana taha intercedens Erlanger, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11,
p. 23 — Djille, Arussi Gallaland.

Abyssinian highlands.

?Euplectes afer niassensis Meise

Euplectes afer niassensis Meise, 1937, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 22,
p. 150 — Mitimone, Rovuma River.

Status uncertain; described on a single female, not now available.

66 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Euplectes afer taha Smith

Euplectes taha A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Cent. Africa, p. 50 —
north and east of Kurrichaine.

Southern Angola, Rhodesias, Nyasaland, and southern Mozam-
bique, south to South West Africa and eastern Cape Province.

EUPLECTES DIADEMATUS

Euplectes diadematus Fischer and Reichenow

Euplectes diadematus Fischer and Reichenow, 1878, Orn. Cen-
tralbl., 3, p. 88 — Malindi [Kenya coast].

Lower Juba River and eastern Kenya; just entering northeastern
Tanganyika.

EUPLECTES GIEROWII

Euplectes gierowii gierowii Cabanis

Euplectes gierowit Cabanis, 1880, Journ. f. Orn., 28, p. 106 —
interior of southwestern Africa (Malange [northern Angola],
in Reichenow (1904, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 118)).

Northern Angola; lower Congo at about long. 14° 30’ E.

Euplectes gierowii friederichseni Fischer and Reichenow

Euplectes friederichseni Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f.
Orn., 32, p. 54 — Nguruman [southern Kenya border, about
lat. 2°S., long. 36° E.].

Southwestern Kenya and the center of northern Tanganyika.

Euplectes gierowii ansorgei (Hartert)

Pyromelana ansorgei Hartert, 1899, in Ansorge’s “Under African
Sun’’, p. 344 — Masindi [western Uganda].

Penthetria hartlaubi Cabanis, 1883, Journ. f. Orn., 31, p. 218 —
Lado. Preoccupied by Penthetria hartlaubi Barboza du Bocage,
1878, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 24, p. 259.

Pyromelana xanthochlamys Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13,
p-. 10 — Hoima [western Uganda].
Coliuspasser dubiosus Neumann, 1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53, p. 348
—Gelo River [S. Ethiopia].
Southern Sudan; southern Ethiopia; Uganda; extreme eastern
Congo north of Kivu.

EUPLECTES NIGROVENTRIS

Euplectes nigroventris Cassin

Euplectes nigroventris Cassin, 1848, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 4, p. 66 — Zanzibar.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 67

Pyromelana nigroventris rufigula van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 122 — N’zin River [misprint for Nziu], Ukamba
[Kenya].

Coastal East Africa from about Lamu (Kenya) to lat. 17°S. in

Mozambique, inland to a line from Teita to Mpwapwa:; islands of
Zanzibar and Kwale.

EUPLECTES HORDEACEUS
Red-crowned Bishop

Euplectes hordeaceus hordeaceus (Linnaeus)

Loxia hordeacea Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 173 —
“In Indiis’, error for Senegal (Gyldenstolpe, 1924, Kongl.
Svensk Vet.-Akad. Handl., (3) 1, (3), p. 44).

Euplectes flammiceps Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Africa, 1, p. 186
— Senegal (cf. Lénnberg, 1918, Ark. f. Zool., 12, pp. 1-5).

Pyromelana flammiceps sylvatica Neumann, 1905, Journ. f. Orn.,
p. 345 — Jaunde, Cameroons.

Pyromelana flammiceps changamwensis Mearns, 1913, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 61 (11), p. 5 — Changamwe, Mombasa.

Pyromelana hordeacea adamauae Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 78,
p. 114 — Satche, Adamawa.

Senegal to Darfur, south through the Congo region to Angola;
thence east to Southern Rhodesia and north through Northern
Rhodesia and Tanganyika to coastal Kenya; islands of Sao Tomé,
Zanzibar, and Pemba.

Euplectes hordeaceus craspedopterus (Bonaparte)
Ploceus craspedopterus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 446 — Abyssinia.
Pyromelana flammiceps rothschildi Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn.,
55, p. 596 — Lake Abaya [Ethiopia].
Southern Sudan; southwestern Ethiopia; Uganda; northwestern
Kenya.

EUPLECTES ORIX
Red Bishop

Euplectes orix franciscanus (Isert)

Loxia franciscana Isert, 1789, Schrift. Ges. Nat. Freund. Berlin,
19, p. 332 — Accra.

Senegal to Sudan, south to northern Cameroons; extreme eastern
Congo region, northern Uganda, and northwestern Kenya.

Euplectes orix pusillus (Hartert)

Pyromelana franciscana pusilla Hartert, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
11, p. 71 — Lake Stephanie.

68 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Euplectes zavattarii Moltoni, 1943, Missione Biologica Sagan-
Omo (Rome), 7 (1), p. 191 — Gondaraba [southern Ethiopia].

Southern and eastern Ethiopia; British Somaliland; Somalia.

Euplectes orix nigrifrons (Bohm)

Pyromelana nigrifrons Bohm, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 177 —
Karema [eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika].

Pyromelana wertheri Reichenow, 1897, Orn. Monatsb., 5, p. 160
— Wembere Steppe.

Pyromelana marwitzi Reichenow, 1906, Orn. Monatsb., 14, p. 171
— Mkalama.

Pyromelana leuconota Reichenow, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17, p. 72
— Ishangi on Lake Kivu.

Eastern Congo region; Uganda; Kenya; Tanganyika; Nyasaland;
Mozambique, in south of which intergrading with £. o. oriz.
Euplectes orix orix (Linnaeus)
Emberiza orix Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 177 — in-
terior of Africa (Angola, ex Edwards, 1751, Nat. Hist. Birds,
4, pl. 178).

Euplectes sundevalli Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 446 — Caffraria.

Southern Angola; South West Africa; Bechuanaland; north-
western Cape Province (Gordonia); Northern Rhodesia (in north
of which intergrading with nigrofrons) ; Southern Rhodesia; northern
and eastern Transvaal; southern Mozambique; Zululand and Natal.

Euplectes orix turgidus Clancey

Euplectes orix turgidus Clancey, 1958, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 78,
p. 97 — Citrusdal, southwestern Cape Province.

Cape Province, except northwest; Orange Free State; Basutoland;
southern Transvaal, intergrading northwards with nominate oriz.

EUPLECTES AUREUS

Euplectes aureus (Gmelin)

Loxia aurea Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 846 — Benguela
(ex Brown, 1776, Nouv. Illustr. Zool., pl. 25).

Coastal Angola; Sao Tomé Island.

EUPLECTES CAPENSIS
Yellow-rumped Bishop
Euplectes capensis phoenicomerus Gray
Euplectes phoenicomerus G. R. Gray, 1862, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(3) 10, p.44— Cameroon Mt., 7,000 ft.
Bamenda highlands, Cameroon Mountain, 4,000 ft. upwards,
and northeast corner of eastern Nigeria.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 69

Euplectes capensis xanthomelas Riippell

Euplectes xanthomelas Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel, p.
94— Temben and Simen, Abyssinia. (Erroneously reprodu-
ced as Pyromelana xanthomelaena by Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds
Brit. Mus., 13, p. 239).

Ethiopia.

Euplectes capensis crassirostris (Ogilvie-Grant)

Pyromelana crassirostris Ogilvie-Grant, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
21, p. 14—north end of Ruwenzori.

Euplectes sabinjo Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 161 —
Sabinjo [Kivu Volcanos].

Xanthomelana xanthomelas zambesiensis Roberts, 1922, Ann.
Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 266 — Vila Pereira, Boror.

Euplectes capensis litoris Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 78, p. 114
— Morogoro.

Euplectes capensis kilimensis Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 78,
p- 115 — Moshi.

Euplectes xanthomelas transvaalensis Roberts, 1936, Ostrich, 7,
p. 111 — Woodbush.

Kenya to eastern Congo region and Transvaal high veld.

Euplectes capensis angolensis Neunzig

Euplectes capensis angolensis Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 78,
p- 115 — Angola; herewith restricted to Malange.

Angola, northern and central highlands.

Euplectes capensis approximans (Cabanis)

Orynx approximans Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 177 — South
Africa (restricted to ‘“Kaffernland”’, by Reichenow, 1904, Vog.
Afr. 3, p. 127).

Transvaal low veld south to Cape Province except southwest.

Euplectes capensis capensis (Linnaeus)
Loxia capensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 306 —
Cape of Good Hope.

Xanthomelana capensis knysnae Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 8, p. 266 — Knysna.
Cape Town, north to about Berg River and east of Knysna.

Euplectes capensis macrorhynchus Roberts

Euplectes capensis macrorhynchus Roberts, 1919, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 6, p. 117 — Klaver, Olifants River, Cape Province.

Northwestern Cape Province.

70 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

EUPLECTES AXILLARIS

Euplectes axillaris bocagei (Sharpe)

Urobrachya bocagei Sharpe, 1871, Cat. African Birds, p. 63 —
Angola. Type in British Museum from Huilla, southern Angola.

Urobrachia [sic] mechowi Cabanis, 1881, Orn. Centralbl., 6, p. 183
— Angola. (Malange, see Reichenow, 1904, Voég. Afr., 3, p. 133).

Urobrachya axillaris camerunensis Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 78,
p. 118 — Djutitsa, northern Cameroons.

Euplectes axillaris batesi Delacour, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 53,
p. 181 — River Niger, between Tillabery and Ansongo [at
about lat. 15° N., long. 1° E.].

Upper Niger (near Mopti and near Ansongo); Cameroons; most

of Angola; Congo region south of lat. 6° S.; western and northeast-
ern (Bangweulu to Mweru) Northern Rhodesia.

Euplectes axillaris quanzae (Hartert)
Urobrachya phoenicea quanzae Hartert, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
13, p. 56 — Barraca on Quanza River [6 miles east of Luanda].

Lower Quanza, Angola.

Euplectes axillaris traversii (Salvadori)
Urobrachia traversii Salvadori, 1888, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 26,
p. 287 — Sulta, Shoa.
Northern and central Ethiopia.

Euplectes axillaris phoeniceus (Heuglin)
Coliuspasser phoeniceus Heuglin, 1862, Journ. f. Orn., 10, p. 304
— Sobat River.
Urobrachya media Sharpe, 1902, Ibis, p. 118 — West Ankole.
Urobrachya axillaris neumanni Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 78,
p. 118 — Umbugwe.
Eastern Sudan; southern Ethiopia; Uganda; extreme western
Kenya; western Tanganyika; entering Northern Rhodesia at Aber-
corn.

Euplectes axillaris zanzibaricus (Shelley)

Urobrachya zanzibarica Shelley, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 586 — ‘‘Lamo, Melinda, Pangani, Usambara mountains’.
Type in British Museum from Malindi, coast of Kenya.

Urobrachya hildebrandti Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13,
p. 225 — Lake Bombo near Mombasa.

i a nigronotata Sharpe, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, p. 7
— Witu.

Southern Somalia; coastal Kenya and Tanganyika; Mafia Island.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 71

Euplectes axillaris axillaris (Smith)

Vidua axillaris A. Smith, 1838, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Aves., p. 17 —
“between seven and eight hundred miles to the eastward of
Cape Town’’.

Northern Rhodesia in Kafue basin, Nyasaland, extreme eastern
Southern Rhodesia (Mt. Selinda), Mozambique, and eastern Trans-
vaal south to eastern Cape Province.

EUPLECTES MACROURUS

Euplectes macrourus macrocercus (Lichtenstein)
Fringilla macrocerca Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 24 —
“Nubia’’.
Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. Individuals with macrocercus
coloring appear sporadically in Uganda and western Kenya.

Euplectes macrourus macrourus (Gmelin)
Loxia macroura Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 845 — Whidah
[= Dahomey].
Fringilla flavoptera Vieillot, 1805, Ois. Chant., pl. 41 — no locality
(cf. Hartert, 1915, Novit. Zool., 22, p. 262, who implies re-
striction of the type locality to Angola).

Penthetria soror Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 70 —
Kawanga [Kavirondo].

Coliuspasser macroura camerunensis Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz.,
68, p. 116 — Mbambi, Cameroons.

Coliuspasser macroura pallida Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 68,
p- 116 — Kaujong, Cameroons.

Senegal east to southern Sudan and south to Angola, the Rho-
desias, Nyasaland, and Mozambique, but not the neighborhood of
Lake Tanganyika.

Euplectes macrourus conradsi (Berger)

Coliuspasser macrourus conradsi Berger, 1908, Journ. f. Orn., 56,
p. 487 — Ukerewe Island.

Ukerewe Island in Lake Victoria.

Euplectes macrourus intermedius (Neunzig)
Coliuspasser macroura intermedia Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 68,
p. 116 — Qua Seroma [east shore of Lake Tanganyika].
Western Tanganyika and the southwestern shore of Lake Tanga-
nyika.
EUPLECTES HARTLAUBI
Euplectes hartlaubi humeralis (Sharpe)

Penthetriopsis humeralis Sharpe, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11,
6

72 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

p. 57 — “Mt. Elgon’’, but type in British Museum labeled
Nandi.

Cameroons highlands; Congo region west of long. 19° E.; Uganda;
western Kenya.

Euplectes hartlaubi hartlaubi (Bocage)

Penthetria hartlaubi Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math.
Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 6, p. 259 — Caconda.

Angola; Congo region south of lat. 8° S.; Northern Rhodesia.

Euplectes hartlaubi psammocromius (Reichenow)

Penthetria psammocromia Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8,
p. 39 — Tandala, Ukinga.

Southwestern Tanganyika; Nyika Plateau (Northern Rhodesia
and Nyasaland).

8

EUPLECTES ALBONOTATUS

Euplectes albonotatus eques (Hartlaub)
Vidua eques Hartlaub, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 106
— Kazeh [= Tabora].
Coliuspasser albonotatus abyssinicus Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz.,
78, p. 117 — Adis-Adaba [sic].
Sudan; southern Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Congo region near
Lake Albert; Tanganyika.

Euplectes albonotatus sassii Neunzig
Euplectes albonotatus sassii Neunzig, 1928, Zool. Anz., 78, p. 117
— Baraka, northwest shore of Lake Tanganyika.
Ruanda-Urundi and northwest of Lake Tanganyika.

Euplectes albonotatus asymmetrurus (Reichenow)

Penthetria asymmetrura Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f.Orn., 40,
p. 126 — ‘‘Africae occidentalis regio australis’. Type in Berlin
Museum from Chinchoxo, Portuguese Congo (Stresemann, in
litt.).

Gabon to Angola and extreme northern South West Africa;

Congo region west of about long. 16° E.

Euplectes albonotatus albonotatus (Cassin)

Vidua albonotata Cassin, 1848, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
4, p. 65 — Port Natal [= Durban].
Southern Tanganyika; southeastern Congo region; the Rho-
desias; Nyasaland; Mozambique; northeastern Bechuanaland;
Transvaal; Natal.

FAMILY PLOCEIDAE 73

EUPLECTES ARDENS

Euplectes ardens concolor (Cassin)

Vidua concolor Cassin, 1848, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
4, p. 66 — Africa. (Sierra Leone, according to Barboza du
Bocage, 1881, Orn. Angola, 2, p. 343).1

Sierra Leone (and perhaps Senegal), south to Angola and east
to southwestern Sudan and Uganda. Individuals of concolor type
appear to the southeast of this range as far as Mozambique.

Euplectes ardens laticauda (Lichtenstein)

Fringilla laticauda Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 24 —
Nubia.

Highlands of southeastern Sudan (Boma Hills), Eritrea (south
of lat. 15° N.), and Ethiopia.

Euplectes ardens suahelicus (van Someren)

Penthetria laticauda suahelica van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 121 — Nairobi River.

Kenya Highlands and northeastern Tanganyika (Crater High-
lands to Kilimanjaro).

Euplectes ardens ardens (Boddaert)

Fringilla ardens Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. enlum., p. 39 — “Cape
of Good Hope’’, ex pl. 647.

Coliuspasser ardens var. tropica Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Afr., 3,
p. 135 — East Africa north of the Zambesi. Type in Berlin
from Karema, Tanganyika (Stresemann, in litt.).

Penthetria ardens teitensis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
41, p. 122 — Bura Hills [northeast of Kilmanjaro].

Uganda; extreme southeastern Kenya; southern Congo region;

Angola; most of Tanganyika; and thence south through eastern
Africa to eastern Cape Province.

EUPLECTES PROGNE

Euplectes progne delamerei (Shelley)

Coliuspasser delamerei Shelley, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, p. 73.
— North Kenya. Type in British Museum from Ngare Mossor,
north of Mt. Kenya.

Eastern Kenya highlands between about 6,000 and 9,000 ft. from

the northern and western slopes of Mt. Kenya to the Rift Valley.

Euplectes progne delacouri Wolters
Euplectes progne delacouri Wolters, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 73,
p. 32 — [Bihé, Angola].

1 The restriction of the type locality to Senegal by Grant and Mackworth-
Praed (1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 65, p.11) is rejected.
6*

74 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Diatropura progne ansorgei Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
23, p. 45 — Bulu-bulu, Bihé, Angola. (Preoccupied by Huplectes
gierowit ansorger (Hartert)).

Angola; Congo region south of lat. 4° S.

Euplectes progne progne (Boddaert)

Emberiza progne Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. enlum., p. 39 — Cape
of Good Hope, ex pl. 653.

Northern Rhodesia in southwest and around Lake Bangweulu,
south through eastern Africa to eastern Cape Province.

EUPLECTES JACKSONI

Euplectes jacksoni (Sharpe)
Drepanoplectes jacksoni Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 246 — Kikuyu.
Central Kenya highlands at 5,000 to 9,000 ft., Nandi to Machakos;
Loliondo and Crater Highlands in northern Tanganyika.

GENuS ANOMALOSPIZA SHELLEY

Anomalospiza Shelley, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, p. 30. Type,
by original designation, Crithagra rendalli Tristram = Crithagra
imberbis Cabanis.

Heliospiza Gunning, 1907, Journ. 8. African Orn. Un., 3, p. 209.
Type, by original description, Heliospiza noomeae Gunning =
Anomalospiza imberbis Cabanis.

ef. Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75 B, pp. 407-410

(Congo region).
ANOMALOSPIZA IMBERBIS
Cuckoo-Weaver

Anomalospiza imberbis (Cabanis)

Crithagra imberbis Cabanis, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., 16, p. 412 —
‘Rast Africa’? = Mombasa, cf. Grant and Mackworth-Praed,
1945, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 66, p. 9.

Crithagra rendalli Tristram, 1895, Ibis, p. 130 — Barberton,
Transvaal.

Heliospiza noomeae Gunning, 1907, Journ. 8. African Orn. Un.,
3, p. 209 — Rustenburg.

Anomalospiza macmillani Bannerman, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
29, p. 37 — Jimma, SW. Abyssinia.

Anomalospiza butleri Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis,
p. 460 — Kajo Kaji.

Anomalospiza imberbis tibatiensis Bannerman, 1923, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 43, p. 143 — near Tibati, Cameroons, 2,850 ft.

Anomalospiza imberbis nyasae Benson, 1938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
58, p. 112 — Dowa, 4,000 ft., central Nyasaland.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 75

Anomalospiza imberbis makandakunae White, 1946, Ibis, 88,
p- 219 — Balovale [western Northern Rhodesia].

Sierra Leone to Ethiopia south to Transvaal; Zanzibar and
Pemba Islands.

Famity STURNIDAE’’

Dean Amadon
ef. Amadon, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1803, pp. 1-41 (review).

SUBFAMILY STURNINAE
Genus APLONIS Goutp**

Aplonis Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 73. Type, by
subsequent designation, Aplonis fusca Gould (Gray, 1840, List
Gen. Birds, p. 30).

Lamprocorax Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
37, p. 830. Type, by original designation, Lamprotornis fulvi-
pennis Pucheran = Lamprocorax grandis Salvadori.

Macruropsar Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 1, 12,
p. 345. Type, by original designation, Lamprotornis major Ro-
senberg, error for Lamprotornis magnus Schlegel.

Kittlitzia Hartert, 1891, Kat. Vog. Mus. Senckenberg., p. 75, note.
Type, by monotypy, Lamprothornis corvina Kittlitz.

Metallopsar Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 60. Type,
by original designation, Calornis purpurascens Gray = Lam-
protornis metallicus Temminck.

Rhinopsar Danis, 1938, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 10,
p. 46. Type, by monotypy, Rhinopsar brunneicapillus Danis.
cf. Mayr, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1166, pp. 1-6 (Polynesia).
Ripley, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 94, pp. 405-406 (4.
panayensis).

1 The following genera have been assigned, at least tentatively, to the
Sturnidae by some modern writers, but I regard them as better placed with
the groups indicated: Falculea (Vangidae), Hypocolius (?Bombycillidae),
Picathartes (?subfamily of Muscicapidae, allied to Timaliinae), P2tyriasis
(?subfamily of Prionopidae), Zavattariornis (Corvidae).

2 MS read by H. G. Deignan.

3 According to Mathews (Ibis, 1942, p. 342) this name, spelled Aplornis,
was first proposed in the “‘Analyst”’ for Oct. 1, 1836 [not seen], by an anony-
mous reviewer of Gould’s forthcoming description. Even if this citation must
stand, the spelling Aplonis may be retained on the ground that Aplornis
was a slip of the pen for Aplonis. Gould used the latter spelling in all his
publications. He treated the genus as feminine and I have followed this usage.

4 Turdus australis Sparrmann, listed as Aplonis australis (Sparrmann) in
Sharpe’s ““Hand-list” (1909, 5, p. 526), is now considered to apply to a New
Zealand flycatcher, Petroica (Miro) australis (Sparrmann).

76 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Deignan, 1954, Sarawak Mus. Journ., 6, pp. 129-132 (A. minor).

Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, p. 36 (forms of Bis-
marcks and Solomons).

APLONIS ZELANDICA
Aplonis zelandica rufipennis Layard

Aplonis rufipennis Layard, 1881, Ibis, p. 542 — Vate [= Efate
Island], New Hebrides; (possibly in error for some other island
in the New Hebrides, as the species has not been otherwise
recorded from Efate).

Central and northern New Hebrides, from Paama and Lopevi
northward, and the Banks Islands (Bligh and Gaua).

Aplonis zelandica maxwellii Forbes

Aplonis maxwellii Forbes, 1900, Bull. Liverpool Mus., 2, p. 116
—Santa Cruz Island.

Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Islands.

Aplonis zelandica zelandica (Quoy and Gaimard)

Lamprotornis zelandicus Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, Voy. Astrolabe,
Zool., 1, p. 190 — Tasman Bay, New Zealand, error = Vani-
koro Island.

Vanikoro, Santa Cruz Islands.

APLONIS SANTOVESTRIS

Aplonis santovestris Harrisson and Marshall

Aplonis santovestris Harrisson and Marshall, 1937, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 57, p. 148 — Mt. Watiamasan, Espiritu Santo.

Kspiritu Santo, New Hebrides (not examined).

APLONIS PELZELNI
Aplonis pelzelni Finsch

Aplonis pelzelni Finsch, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1875),
p. 644 — Ponapé.
Ponapé, Caroline Islands.

APLONIS ATRIFUSCA
Aplonis atrifusca (Peale)

Lamprotornis atrifusca Peale, 1848, U.S. Exploring Exped., ed.
1, 8, p. 109 — Samoan Islands [= Upolu].

Samoa: Sawaii, Upolu, Tutuila, Manua Islands.

FAMILY STURNIDAE da

APLONIS CORVINA

Aplonis corvina (Kittlitz)

Lamprothornis corvina Kittlitz, 1833, Kupfert. Naturg. Vog., 2,
p- 12, pl. 15, fig. 3 — Ualan = Kusaie.
Kusaie, Caroline Islands (not examined). Extinct; two specimens
known.

APLONIS MAVORNATA

Aplonis mavornata Buller

Aplonis mavornata Buller, 1887, Birds New Zealand, ed. 2, (1888),
1, p.25 — No locality = ? Raiatea.

Aplonis inornata Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 135
(emendation of A plonis mavornata Buller). Not Calornis inornata
Salvadori, 1880.

Raiatea (Ulietea), Society Islands (not examined). Extinct, the
origin of the one known specimen (in Brit. Mus.) is not beyond
question.

APLONIS CINERASCENS

Aplonis cinerascens Hartlaub and Finsch

Aplonis cinerascens Hartlaub and Finsch, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soe.
London, p. 29 — Rarotonga.

Rarotonga, Cook Islands.

APLONIS TABUENSIS

Aplonis tabuensis pachyrhamphus Mayr

Aplonis tabuensis pachyrhamphus Mayr, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1166, p. 5 — Lomlom.

Reef Islands (Lomlom), Swallow Islands (Nepani, Matema), and
Santa Cruz Islands (Tinakula).

Aplonis tabuensis tucopiae Mayr
Aplonis tabuensis tucopiae Mayr, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1166, p. 5 — Tucopia.
Tucopia, Santa Cruz Islands.

Aplonis tabuensis rotumae Mayr

Aplonis tabuensis rotumae Mayr, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1166, p. 4 — Rotuma.

Rotuma Island, central Polynesia.

Aplonis tabuensis vitiensis Layard

Aplonis vitiensis Layard, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 502
— Viti Levu, Fiji Islands.

Fiji Islands (except Ono-ilau and the Turtle Islands).

78 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Aplonis tabuensis manuae Mayr

Aplonis tabuensis manuae Mayr, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1166, p. 1 — Tau.

Manua Group (Tau, Ofu, Olosinga), Samoan Islands.

Aplonis tabuensis tabuensis Gmelin)

Lanius tabuensis Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 306 —
Friendly Islands [= Tonga Islands].

Tonga Islands; also Turtle and Ono-ilau Islands in the Lau
Archipelago, Fiji.

Aplonis tabuensis fortunae Layard
A plonis fortunae Layard, 1876, Ibis, p. 147 — Fortuna [= Futuna].
Futuna, Alofa, and Uea Islands, Horne Islands, central Polynesia.

Aplonis tabuensis tenebrosa Mayr

Aplonis tabuensis tenebrosus Mayr, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1166, p. 3 — Boscawen.

Keppel and Boscawen Islands, central Polynesia.

Aplonis tabuensis nesiotes Mayr

Aplonis tabuensis nesiotes Mayr, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1166, p. 3 — Niuafou.

Niuafou, or Tin Can Island, central Polynesia.

Aplonis tabuensis brunnescens Sharpe

Aplonis brunnescens Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13,
p. 132 — Savage Island [= Niue Island].

Niue Island, central Polynesia.

Aplonis tabuensis tutuilae Mayr
Aplonis tabuensis tutuilae Mayr, 1942, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1166, p. 2 — Tutuila.

Tutuila, Samoan Islands.

Aplonis tabuensis brevirostris (Peale)
Lamprotornis brevirostris Peale, 1848, U.S. Exploring Exped., ed.
1, 8, p. 111 — Samoan Islands [= Upolu].
Upolu and Savaii, Samoan Islands.

APLONIS STRIATA

Aplonis (striata) striata (Gmelin)
Coracias striata Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 381 — New
Caledonia.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 79

Lanius pacificus Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 306, ex
Latham (see Stresemann, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 83).

New Caledonia.

Aplonis (striata) atronitens Gray

Aplonis atronitens Gray, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 164 —
Loyalty Islands.

Aplonis atronitens minor Sarasin, 1913, Vog. Neu-Caledoniens,
p. 49 — Lifu and Uvea. (Not Lamprotornis minor Bonaparte,
1851.)

Loyalty Islands (Uvea, Lifu, Maré).

APLONIS FUSCA

Aplonis fusca fusca Gould

Aplonis fusca Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 73 —
Murrumbidgee River, Australia [error for Norfolk Island].

Norfolk Island.

Aplonis fusca hulliana Mathews

Aplonis fuscus hullianus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 451
— Lord Howe Island.

Lord Howe Island.

APLONIS OPACA

Aplonis opaca kurodai Momiyama
Aplonis kittlitzi kurodai Momiyama, 1920, Tori, 2 (9), p. 1 —
Yap, Carolines.

Aplonis opacus anga Momiyama, 1922, Birds Micronesia, p. 6 —
Ruk, Carolines.

Aplonis opacus guami Momiyama, 1922, Birds Micronesia, p. 9
— Guam, Marianas.

Aplonis opacus harterti Momiyama, 1922, Birds Micronesia, p. 10
— Saipan, Marianas.

Aplornis [sic] opaca oriti Taka-Tsukasa and Yamashina, 1931,
Dobuts. Zasshi, 43, p. 458 — Coror, Palau.

Aplornis [sic] opaca aenea Taka-Tsukasa and Yamashina, 1931,
Dobuts. Zasshi, 43, p. 487 — Pagan, Marianas.

Palau, Marianas, and Caroline Islands (except Ponapé and
Kusaie).

Aplonis opaca ponapensis Taka-Tsukasa and Yamashina

Aplonis opaca ponapensis Taka-Tsukasa and Yamashina, 1931,
Tori, 7, p. 109 — Natto, Ponapé.

Ponapé, Caroline Islands.

80 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Aplonis opaca opaca (Kittlitz)
Lamproth. [ornis| opaca Kittlitz, 1833, Kupfert. Naturg. Vog., 2,
p- ll, pl. 15, fig. 2 — Kusaie.

Calornis Kittlitzi Finsch and Hartlaub, 1867, Beitr. Faun. Central-
polynesiens, Orn., p. 109 — Ualan [= Kusaie].

Kusaie, Caroline Islands.

APLONIS CANTOROIDES

Aplonis cantoroides (Gray)

Calornis cantoroides G. R. Gray, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1861), p. 431 — Mysol.

New Guinea and outlying islands including the Arus; Bismarck
Archipelago (apparently absent from the Ninigo Group and possibly
from some others); Solomon Islands (apparently absent from some
of the outlying islets, such as Ontong Java and Nissan, but present
on others, including Rennell).

APLONIS CRASSA

Aplonis crassa (Sclater)

Calornis crassa P. L. Sclater, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 56
— Larat.

Timor-laut (Tenimber) Islands. (Sometimes treated as a race of
A. cantoroides.)

APLONIS FEADENSIS

Aplonis feadensis heureka Meise

Aplonis cantoroides heureka Meise, 1929, Orn. Monatsb., 37, p. 111
— Mal, Ninigo Islands.

Ninigo (Echiquier) Islands, Matty Island, and Hermit Islands,
Bismarck Archipelago.

Aplonis feadensis feadensis (Ramsay)

Calornis (Aplonis) feadensis Ramsay, 1882, Journ. Linn. Soc.
London, Zool., 16 (1883), p. 129 — Fead.

Calornis cantoroides longipennis Neumann, 1917, Orn. Monatsb.,
25, p. 155 — Nissan.

Fead (Abgarris) and Nissan Islands, Solomon Islands.

APLONIS INSULARIS

Aplonis insularis Mayr

Aplonis insularis Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 486, p. 19
— Rennell.

Rennell, Solomon Islands. (Possibly a race of A. feadensis.)

FAMILY STURNIDAE 81

APLONIS DICHROA

Aplonis dichroa (Tristram)

Sturnoides minor Ramsay, 1882, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South
Wales, 6, p. 726 — San Cristobal. Not Lamprotornis (= Aplonis)
minor Bonaparte, 1851.

Calornis dichroa Tristram, 1895, Ibis, p. 376. New name for
Sturnoides minor Ramsay, preoccupied.

San Cristobal, Solomon Islands. (A representative of A. grandis.)

APLONIS GRANDIS

Aplonis grandis malaitae Mayr

Aplonis grandis malaitae Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 504,
p. 22 — Malaita.

Malaita, Solomon Islands.

Aplonis grandis macrura Mayr
Aplonis grandis macrura Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 504,
p- 21 — Guadalcanar [= Guadalcanal].
Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands.

Aplonis grandis grandis (Salvadori)

Lamprocorax grandis Salvadori, 1881, Agg. Orn. Papuasia Mol.,
2, p. 460 — Ysabel Island.

Solomon Islands (except San Cristobal, Guadalcanal, and Malaita).

APLONIS MYSOLENSIS!

Aplonis mysolensis mysolensis (Gray)
Calornis mysolensis G. R. Gray, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1861, p. 431 — Misol.
Islands off western New Guinea (Misol, Gebe, Waigeu, Salawati,
Batanta, and some smaller ones).

Aplonis mysolensis forsteni Mayr

Lamprotornis obscura “‘Forsten”’ = Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av.,
1 (1850), p. 417 — Gilolo [= Halmahera]. Not Lamprotornis
obscura De Bus, 1839.

[Aplonis mysolensis| forstent Mayr, 1934, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin,
20, p. 334. New name for Lamprotornis obscura Bonaparte,
preoccupied.

Moluccas: Obi, Batjan, Halmahera, Ternate, Morotai, Buru,

Seram, Ambon, Haruku, Saparua.

1 Replaces (in part) Calornis obscura (Bonaparte) of Sharpe’s ““Hand-
list’’.

82 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Aplonis mysolensis sulaensis (Sharpe)

Calornis sulaensis Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 149
— Sula.

Sula Islands.

Aplonis mysolensis persimilis Neumann

Aplonis mysolensis persimilis Neumann, 1941, Zool. Meded.
Leiden, 23, p. 113 — Peleng.

Peling and Banggai Islands. The species, and possibly this race,
occurs on the eastern peninsula of Celebes (whence no material
examined).

APLONIS MAGNA
Aplonis magna magna (Schlegel)
Lamprotornis magnus ““von Rosenberg’ = Schlegel, 1871, Ned.
Tijdsch. Dierk., 4 (1873), p. 18 —Soék, Misori.
Biak (Misori) Island, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea.

Aplonis magna brevicauda (van Oort)

Macruropsar magnus brevicauda van Oort, 1908, Notes Leyden
Mus., 30, p. 70 — Mefoor.

Numfor (Mefoor) Island, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea.

APLONIS MINOR

Aplonis minor minor (Bonaparte)

L{amprotornis| minor Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 417 — Timor.

Calornis kuehni Hartert, 1904, Novit. Zool., 11, p. 220 — Romah.

Lesser Sunda Islands; Southwest Islands (Romah, Moa, Wetter) ;
islands in Flores Sea (Djampea, Kalaotoa, Kaju Adi, Tukangbesi
group); and islands off south coast of Celebes (Salajar, Muna,
Buton, and smaller ones). Also Bali and Java, where perhaps only
a migrant.

Aplonis minor montosa (Riley)

Lamprocorax montosa Riley, 1921, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
34, p. 57 — Rano Lindoe, Celebes.

Celebes, north to about lat. 1° 20'S.

Aplonis minor todayensis (Mearns)
Lamprocorax todayensis Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 18, p. 88 — Todaya, 4,000 feet, Mt. Apo.
Mount Apo, Mindanao, Philippines.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 83

APLONIS PANAYENSIS
Aplonis panayensis affinis (Blyth)
Calornis affinis “A. Hay” = Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 15, p. 36 — Tipperah, etc. = [Tipperah, Bengal].
Eastern India (Bengal, Assam), western Burma (Arakan), and
southern Indo-China.

Aplonis panayensis strigata (Horsfield)

Turdus strigatus Horsfield, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13
(1821), p. 148 — Java.

Turdus chalybeus Horsfield, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13
(1821), p. 148 — Java.

Lamprocorax panayensis halictypus Oberholser, 1926, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci., 16, p.516— Talibon Island, Trang,
Thailand.

Tenasserim, peninsular Thailand southward from the Isthmus of
Kra, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, western Borneo, Billiton,
and adjacent islets.

Aplonis (? panayensis) eustathis (Oberholser)

Lamprocorax panayensis eustathis Oberholser, 1926, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 16, p. 516 — Kota Bangon, eastern Borneo.

Eastern Borneo.

Aplonis panayensis heterochlora (Oberholser)

Lamprocorax panayensis heterochlorus Oberholser, 1917, Bull.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 98, p.57— Mobur, Anamba Islands.

Lamprocorax panayensis richmondi Oberholser, 1919, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 55, p. 272 — Taya Island.

Anamba Islands and Natuna Islands, South China Sea, and Taya
Island, Berhala Strait, eastern Sumatra.

Aplonis panayensis tytleri (Hume)

Calornis Tytleri Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 480 — An-
damans.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Aplonis panayensis altirostris (Salvadori)
Calornis altirostris Salvadori, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser.
2, 4, p. 553 — Nias.
Lamprocorax chalybeus rhadinorhamphus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 60, p. 17 — Simalur.

Lamprocorax panayensis nesodramus Oberholser, 1926, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci., 16, p. 516 — Pulo Babi.

West Sumatran islands of Simalur, Nias, and Babi.

84 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Aplonis panayensis leptorrhyncha Stresemann
Aplonis panayensis leptorrhynchus Stresemann, 1913, Novit. Zool.,
20, p. 377 — Pini.
Pini, Batu Group, West Sumatran Islands.

Aplonis panayensis pachistorhina (Oberholser)

Lamprocorax chalybeus pachistorhinus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 60, p. 17 — South Pagi.

Tello, Tana Massa, and Tana Bola (Batu Group), and Siberut,
Sipora, and South Pagi (Mentawi Group), West Sumatran Islands.

Aplonis panayensis enganensis (Salvadori)
Calornis enganensis Salvadori, 1892, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser.
2, 12, p. 137 — Engano.
Enggano, West Sumatran Islands.

Aplonis panayensis gusti Stresemann

Aplonis panayensis gusti Stresemann, 1913, Novit. Zool., 20,
p. 375 — Danau Bratan, Bali.

Bali.

Aplonis panayensis alipodis (Oberholser)

Lamprocorax panayensis alipodis Oberholser, 1926, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 16, p.516— -Pulo Pandigang, eastern
Borneo.

Aplonis panayensis suggrandis Bangs and Peters, 1927, Occ.
Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 241 — Maratua.

Maratua Islands, eastern Borneo.

Aplonis panayensis sanghirensis (Salvadori)

Calornis sanghirensis Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 1, 9, p. 60 — Sanghir.

Sanghir and Talaut Islands. Specimens from the islands between
Sanghir and northern Celebes are intermediate between this form
and panayensis.

Aplonis panayensis panayensis (Scopoli)
(Muscicapa panayensis) Scopoli, 1783, Del. Flor. Fauna Insubr.,
fasc. 2, p. 96 — [Philippines].
Calornis neglecta! Walden, 1874, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 8,
p. 79 — Celebes.

Northern and central Celebes and the Philippine Islands.

1 Possibly distinct from panayensis.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 85

APLONIS METALLICA

Aplonis metallica circumscripta (Meyer)

Calornis circumscripta Meyer, 1884, Sitzber. Abhandl. Nat. Ges.
Isis [Dresden], p. 49 — Timor-laut.

Timor-laut (Tenimber) Islands (Tenimber, Larat, Maru, and
doubtless others) and Damar Islands (Damar).

Aplonis metallica metallica (Temminck)

Lamprotornis metallicus Temminck, 1824, Pl. Col., pl. 266 —
Timor and Celebes [error = Ambon].

Calornis viridescens Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 181
— Aru Islands.

Calornis gularis Gray, 1861, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 431 —
Misol.

Calornis purpurascens Gray, 1870, Handl. Gen. Spec. Birds Brit.
Mus., pt. 2, p. 26— Cape York, North Queensland.

Calornis fusco-virescens Salvadori 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 1, 16, p. 194 —Sorong, New Guinea.

Lamprocorax metallicus sapphire Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18
(1911), p. 437 — Mt. Sapphire, Queensland.

Moluccas; Aru Islands; New Guinea and nearby islands (except
range of following races); coast of eastern Queensland, Australia,
south to Hinchinbrook and Dunk Islands, where migratory.

Aplonis metallica nitida (Gray)

Clalornis| nitida Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 181 —
New Ireland.

Bismarck Archipelago from Rambutyo Island, Admiralty Group,
eastward; Solomon Islands.

Aplonis metallica purpureiceps (Salvadori)

Calornis purpureiceps Salvadori, 1878, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino,
13, p. 535 — Admiralty Islands.

Manus and Los Negros Islands (and probably others), Admiralty
Group, Bismarck Archipelago.

Aplonis metallica inornata (Salvadori)

Calornis inornata Salvadori, 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser.
1, 16, p. 194 — Mysori [= Biak Island].
Biak and Numfor Islands, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea.

APLONIS MYSTACEA
Aplonis mystacea (Ogilvie-Grant)

Calornis mystacea Ogilvie-Grant, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29,
p. 28 — Parimau, Mimika River.

86 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

New Guinea at the head of Geelvink Bay and southern New
Guinea from the Mimika River to the upper Fly River.

APLONIS BRUNNEICAPILLA

Aplonis brunneicapilla (Danis)
Rhinopsar brunneicapillus Danis, 1938, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, 2nd ser., 10, p. 46 — Buin, Bougainville.

Solomon Islands: known from Bougainville, Guadalcanal, and
Rendova.

Genus POEOPTERA Bonaparte
Poeoptera Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend., 38, p. 381. Type, by
monotypy, Poeoptera lugubris Bonaparte.

Stilbopsar Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 31. Type, by
original designation, Stilbopsar stuhlmanni Reichenow.

ef. Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75 B, pp. 134-135
(P. lugubris).

POEOPTERA KENRICKI

Poeoptera kenricki bensoni (van Someren)

Stilbopsar kenricki bensoni van Someren, 1945, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
66, p. 11 — Meru, Mount Kenya.

Eastern slopes of Mt. Kenya above 6,000 feet.

Poeoptera kenricki kenricki Shelley

Paeoptera (sic) kenricki Shelley, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, p. 42
— Usambara Mountains, Tanganyika.

Northern Tanganyika, in the highlands of Kilimanjaro and
Usambara, and southern Kenya.

POEOPTERA STUHLMANNI

Poeoptera stuhlmanni (Reichenow)
Stilbopsar stuhlmanni Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 31
— Badjua, on plateau west of Lake Albert.
Extreme southern Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia (Kafa country),
western Kenya, eastern Congo region (Kivu), and Uganda south to
about lat. 4°S.

POEOPTERA LUGUBRIS

Poeoptera lugubris Bonaparte

Poeoptera lugubris Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend., 38, p. 381 —
No locality = Gabon, fide Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr.,
pee:

FAMILY STURNIDAE 87

Poeoptera lugubris major Neumann, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68,
p. 82 — Ituri Forest.

Sierra Leone, east to the eastern Congo and western Uganda,
south to northern Angola.

Genus GRAFISIA Bates

Grafisia Bates, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, p. 105. Type, by
original designation, Spreo torquatus Reichenow.

GRAFISIA TORQUATA
Grafisia torquata (Reichenow)

Spreo torquatus Reichenow, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17, p. 140 —
Banjo, northwestern Cameroons.

Stilbopsar leucothorax Chapin, 1916, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
35, p. 23 — Pawa, Mabudu country, northern Ituri District,
Belgian Congo.

Locally in the Cameroons, central French Equatorial Africa

(Ubangi-Shari), and the northern Congo.

Genus ONYCHOGNATHUS Harriaus

Onychognathus Hartlaub, 1849, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris), p. 494.
Type, by monotypy, Onychognathus fulgidus Hartlaub.

Pilorhinus Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 201. Type, by mono-
typy, Ptilonorhynchus albirostris Riippell.

Amydrus Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 201. Type, by sub-
sequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds, 13, p. 161),
Turdus morio Linnaeus.

Pyrrhocheira Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 53, fig. 15.
Type, by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds, 13,
p- 169), Coracias caffra Linnaeus = Sturnus nabouroup Daudin.!

Cinnamopterus Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend., 37, p. 830. Type,
by original designation, Lamprotornis tenuirostris Riippell.

Hagiopsar Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 168. Type,
by monotypy, Amydrus tristramii P. L. Sclater.

Galeopsar Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 241. Type, by monotypy, Ga-
leopsar salvadorii Sharpe.

cf. Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75 B, pp. 137-144

(Congo region).
ONYCHOGNATHUS WALLERI
Onychognathus walleri preussi Reichenow

Onychognathus preussi Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 184
— Buea, Cameroons.

Highlands of Fernando Po and the Cameroons.

1 Gray (1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 66) designated Turdus morio
Linnaeus as type, apparently in error.
7

88 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Onychognathus walleri elgonensis (Sharpe)
Amydrus elgonensis Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 242 — Mt. Elgon.

Highlands of extreme southern Sudan, Uganda, the eastern
Congo, and Kenya, west of the Rift Valley.

Onychognathus walleri walleri (Shelley)
Amydrus walleri Shelley, 1880, Ibis, p. 335 — Usambara Moun-
tains, Tanganyika.
Amydrus nyasae Shelley, 1898, Ibis, p. 557 — Nyasaland.

Amydrus walleri keniensis van Someren, 1931, Journ. East Africa
Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., no. 37, p. 197 — Meru Road, Kenya.

Highlands of Kenya, east of the Rift Valley, south through
Tanganyika to northern Nyasaland.

ONYCHOGNATHUS NABOUROUP!
Pale-winged Starling

Onychognathus nabouroup benguellensis (Neumann)

Amydrus nabouroup benguellensis Neumann, 1903, Orn. Monatsb.,
11, p. 184 — Benguella.

East-central, southeastern Angola, and northern Southwest
Africa (Kaokoveld).

Onychognathus nabouroup nabouroup (Daudin)

Sturnus nabouroup Daudin, 1800, Traité Orn., 2, p. 308 — Kamies
Mountains, Little Namaqualand.

Pyrrhocheira caffra intensetincta Reichenow, 1903, Vog. Afr., 2,
p. 697 — Port Elizabeth.

South West Africa (except Kaokoveld) and Bechuanaland, south
to the northern part of Cape Province.

ONYCHOGNATHUS MORIO
Redwing Starling

Onychognathus morio modicus Bates

Onychognathus morio modicus Bates, 1932, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
53, p. 7 — Kulikoro, French Sudan.

Extreme eastern Senegal and the Upper Niger region of French
West Africa.

Onychognathus morio neumanni (Alexander)

Amydrus neumanni Boyd Alexander, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
23, p. 41 — Petti, Northern Nigeria.

Northern Nigeria and northern Cameroons, east through central
French Equatorial Africa to the western Sudan (Darfur).

1 Replaces Pyrrhochira (sic) caffra of Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-list’’.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 89

Onychognathus morio riippellii (Verreaux)
Amydrus riippellii Verreaux, 1865, in Chenu’s Encycl. Hist. Nat.,
Ois., 5, p. 166 — Abyssinia.
Amydrus morio shelleyi Hartert, 1891, Kat. Vog. Mus. Sencken-
berg, p. 75 — East Africa = Ugogo, Tanganyika, fide W. L.
Sclater, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45, p. 5.

Amydrus montanus van Someren, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40,
p. 52 — Mt. Elgon.

Lamprotornis morio boettichert Wolters, 1952, Bonn. Zool. Beitr.,
3, p. 280. New name for Amydrus morio shelleyi Hartert, 1891,
not Spreo shelley Sharpe, 1890.1

Southern and eastern Sudan (north to about lat. 14° N.), Ethiopia,
and northern Somaliland south to Northern Rhodesia and northern
Mozambique.

Onychognathus morio morio (Linnaeus)
Turdus morio Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed.12, 1, p. 297 —
Cape of Good Hope.

Amydrus gracilirostris Neamann, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 183
— South Africa.

Southern Rhodesia, southern Nyasaland and perhaps southern
Mozambique, south to Cape Province.

ONYCHOGNATHUS BLYTHII

Onychognathus blythii (Hartlaub)

Amydrus blythii Hartlaub, 1859, Journ. f.Orn., 7, p. 32 —
Somaliland.

Amydrus creaghi Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes, 1903, Nat. Hist.
Socotra, p. 58 — Abd-el-Kuri Island.

Eritrea to western British Somaliland, chiefly coastal; Abd-el-
Kuri Island; Socotra.

ONYCHOGNATHUS FRATER

Onychognathus frater (Sclater and Hartlaub)

Amydrus frater P. L. Sclater and Hartlaub, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 171 — Socotra.

Socotra.

ONYCHOGNATHUS TRISTRAMII

Onychognathus tristramii (Sclater)
Amydrus Tristram P. L. Sclater, 1858, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(3), 2, p. 465 — Mar Saaba, Hebron Valley, Israel.

1 Wolters regards Onychognathus and Spreo as synonyms of Lamprotornis.
7*

90 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pilorhinus hadramauticus Lorenz and Hellmayr, 1901, Orn.
Monatsb., 9, p. 30 — Yeshbum, Aden, Arabia.

Locally from the Dead Sea Valley, Israel, south through western
Arabia to Yemen, Aden, and the western Hadramaut.

ONYCHOGNATHUS FULGIDUS

Onychognathus fulgidus fulgidus Hartlaub

Onychognathus fulgidus Hartlaub, 1849, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris),
p. 495 — Sao Tomé.

Sao Tomé Island, Gulf of Guinea.

Onychognathus fulgidus harterti Neumann

Onychognathus fulgidus hartertt Neumann, 1903, Orn. Monatsb.,
11, p. 183 — Fanti, Gold Coast.

Onychognathus fulgidus leoninus Neumann, 1920, Journ. f. Orn.,
68, p. 82 — Bo, Sierra Leone.

Upper Guinea from Sierra Leone to Nigeria.

Onychognathus fulgidus hartlaubii Gray

Onychognathus hartlaubii G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 291 — Fernando Po.

Amydrus Reichenowi Cabanis, 1874, Journ. f. Orn., 22, p. 232 —
West Africa. Type from Tobistadt, Duala, Cameroons, fide
Stresemann, in litt.

Fernando Po and from Nigeria south to northern Angola, east

to western Uganda.

ONYCHOGNATHUS TENUIROSTRIS

Onychognathus tenuirostris tenuirostris (Riippell)
Lamprotornis tenuirostris Riippell, 1836, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel,
p. 26 — Ethiopia.
Highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia; intergrading with the fol-
lowing race in Kenya.

Onychognathus tenuirostris theresae Meinertzhagen
Onychognathus tenuirostris theresae Meinertzhagen, 1937, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, p. 68 — Northern Aberdares, Kenya.
Onychognathus tenuirostris raymondi Meinertzhagen, 1937, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, p. 68 — Mt. Kenya.
Highlands of Kenya (where intergrading with nominate race),
eastern Congo region, Tanganyika, and northern Nyasaland; absent
from Mounts Elgon and Kilimanjaro.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 91

ONYCHOGNATHUS ALBIROSTRIS

Onychognathus albirostris (Riippell)
Ptilonorhynchus (Kitta) albirostris Riippell, 1836, Neue Wirbelt.,
Vogel, p. 22 — Ethiopia.
Highlands of Ethiopia.

ONYCHOGNATHUS SALVADORII

Onychognathus salvadorii (Sharpe)

Galeopsar salvadorit Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 241 — Turquel, Suk
country, northern Kenya.

Western Somaliland, central and southern Ethiopia, northern
Kenya.

Genus LAMPROTORNIS Temminck

Lamprotornis Temminck, 1820, Man. Orn., ed. 2, 1, p. lv. Type,
by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
13, p. 154), Turdus caudatus P. L. 8. Miiller.

Lamprocolius Sundevall, 1836, Kongl. Svensk Vet._Akad.Handl.,
(1835), p. 104. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855,
Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 66), Turdus nitens Linnaeus.

Coccycolius Oustalet, 1879, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (7), 3, p. 86
Type, by monotypy, Coccycolius iris Oustalet.

Chalcopsar Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 158. Type,
by original designation, Megalopterus australis Smith.

Heteropsar Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 185. Type,
by subsequent designation (Reichenow, 1903, Vog. Afrikas, 2,
p- 695), Lamprocolius acuticaudus Barboza du Bocage.

Notopholia Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 272. Type,
by original designation, Phoenicopterus melanogaster Swainson
= Lamprotornis corrusca Nordmann.

Hylopsar Boetticher, 1940, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 3, p. 89. Type,
by original designation, Lamprocolius purpureiceps J. and E.
Verreaux (subgenus).

Polytelopsar Boetticher, 1951, Zool. Anz., 147, p. 200. Type, by
original designation, T’urdus splendidus Vieillot (subgenus).
Porphyropsar Boetticher, 1951, Zool. Anz., 147, p. 200. Type, by
original designation, T’urdus purpureus P. L.S. Miiller (sub-

genus).

cf. Amadon, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 100, pp. 434-435

(L. splendidus; L. ornatus).
Clancey, and Holliday, 1951, Ostrich, 22, pp. 111-116 (races
of L. nitens).

92 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

LAMPROTORNIS IRIS
Lamprotornis iris (Oustalet)

Coccycolius iris Oustalet, 1879, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (7), 3,

p. 85 — Los Islands, Portuguese Guinea [=, probably, interior
of French Guinea].

Hinterlands of French Guinea, Sierra Leone, and the Ivory Coast.

LAMPROTORNIS CUPREOCAUDA
Lamprotornis cupreocauda (Hartlaub)

Lamprocolius cwpreocauda Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr.,
p- 119 — Sierra Leone, Aguapim, Gabon.

Sierra Leone, Liberia, and the Gold Coast.

LAMPROTORNIS PURPUREICEPS

Lamprotornis purpureiceps (J. and E. Verreaux)

Lamprocolius purpureiceps J. and E. Verreaux, 1851, Rev. Mag.
Zool., p. 418 — West Africa [= Gabon].

Southern Nigeria, south to the mouth of the Congo, east to Uganda.

LAMPROTORNIS CORRUSCUS!
Black-bellied Glossy Starling

Lamprotornis corruscus corruscus Nordmann

L\amprotornis] corrusca Nordmann, 1835, in Erman’s Reise Natur-
hist., Atlas, p.9— Southern Africa; type said to be from
Kaffirland.

Lamprocolius corruscus mandanus van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 124-— Manda, Kenya.

Lamprocolius curruscus (sic) jombent van Someren, 1931, Journ.
East Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 37, p. 197 — Jombeni,
northeast of Mt. Kenya.

From the Jombeni Hills, northeast of Mt. Kenya, to coastal

Kenya and south, chiefly along the coast to Knysna in eastern Cape
Colony; Zanzibar.

Lamprotornis corruscus vaughani (Bannerman)

Lamprocolius corruscus vaughani Bannerman, 1926, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 46, p. 126 — Pemba.

Pemba Island.

LAMPROTORNIS PURPUREUS
Lamprotornis purpureus purpureus (Miiller)

Turdus purpureus P.L.S. Miller, 1766, Natursyst., Suppl.,
p- 143 — Juida [= Dahomey, West Africa].

1 Lamprocolius melanogaster (Swainson), 1837, of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list” is
a synonym.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 93

Senegal and French Guinea east to northern Dahomey and ad-
jacent southern French West Africa.

Lamprotornis purpureus amethystinus (Heuglin)

L{amprocolius| amethystinus Heuglin, 1863, Journ. f. Orn., 11,
p. 21 — Bahr el Abiad [= Upper White Nile].

Northern and central Nigeria east to the central Sudan (Darfur,
Upper White Nile), northern Congo region, northern Uganda, and
western Kenya.

LAMPROTORNIS NITENS
Red-shouldered Glossy Starling

Lamprotornis nitens nitens (Linnaeus)

Turdus nitens Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 294 —
Angola.

Ogowe River, Gabon to southern Angola.

Lamprotornis nitens phoenicopterus Swainson
Lamprotornis phoenicopterus Swainson, 1838, Anim. Menag.,
p. 360 — South Africa [= Orange River, near Prieska].
Spreo bispecularis Strickland, 1852, Contr. Orn., p. 149 — Da-
maraland.

Lamprocolius decoratus Hartlaub, 1862, Ibis, p. 148 — Cape
Colony, restricted to Eastern Transvaal by Grant and Mack-
worth-Praed (1955, Ostrich, 26, p. 158).

South West Africa to the borders of Cape Province, east through
Bechuanaland and Southern Rhodesia to the Transvaal, and Natal
(except the Weenen District). Very close to L. n. nitens.

Lamprotornis nitens culminator (Clancey and Holliday)!

Lamprocolius nitens culminator Clancey and Holliday, 1951,
Ostrich, 22, p. 114 — Addo Bush, near Port Elizabeth, Cape
Province, South Africa.

Cape Province, east of the Gamtoos River, extending into the
Weenen district of Natal.

LAMPROTORNIS CHALCURUS

Lamprotornis chalcurus chalcurus Nordmann
Lamprotornis chalcura Nordmann, 1835, in Erman’s Reise Naturh.,
Atlas, p. 8 — Senegal.
Senegal to Nigeria.
1 Lamprotornis phoenicopterus Swainson and Lamprocolius decoratus Hart-

laub, either or both, may eventually be shown to apply to the race here
called culminator.

94 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Lamprotornis chalcurus emini (Neumann)

Lamprocolius chalcurus var. orientalis Hartlaub, 1881, Abh. Nat.
Ver. Bremen, p. 106 — Fatiko, northeast of Wadelai, Uganda.
Not Lamprocolius auratus orientalis Heuglin, 1869, Journ. f.
Ome U7, pad:

Lamprocolius chalcurus emini Neumann, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68,
p. 81. New name for Lamprocolius chalcurus orientalis Hartlaub,
preoccupied.

Lamprocolius sycobius elberti Neumann, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68,
p. 80 — Bakari, northern Cameroons.

Northern Cameroons, central French Equatorial Africa (Ubangi-

Shari), northern Congo region, southern Sudan, and northern

Uganda to the borders of Kenya (slopes of Mt. Elgon and the
Kavirondo district).

LAMPROTORNIS CHALYBAEUS
Blue-eared Glossy Starling

Lamprotornis chalybaeus hartlaubi (Neumann)

Lamprocolius chalybaeus hartlaubi Neumann, 1908, Orn. Monatsb.,
16, p. 64 — Senegal.

Lamprotornis chalybaeus amadoni Wolters, 1952, Bonn. Zool.
Beitr., 3, p. 280. New name for Lamprocolius chalybaeus
Las Neumann, 1908, not Onychognathus hartlaubii Gray,
1858.

Senegal and Gambia, east through southern French West Africa

and extreme northern Nigeria and Cameroons to the Lake Chad
area and the borders of the Sudan.

Lamprotornis chalybaeus chalybaeus Ehrenberg

Lamprotornis chalybaeus Ehrenberg, 1828, Symb. Phys., folio y,
pl. 10 — Ambukol, Dongola district, Sudan. (This locality is
somewhat north of the usual range of the species and the type,
an immature, was presumably a straggler from farther south.)

Central Sudan (Bahr el Ghazal and Darfur), east into Eritrea.

Lamprotornis chalybaeus cyaniventris Blyth

Lamprotornis cyaniventris Blyth, 1856, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
24 (1885), p. 255 — Ethiopia.

L{amprocolius| abyssinicus Hartlaub, 1859, Journ. f. Orn., 7,
p- 21 — Ethiopia.

Lamprocolius massaicus Neumann, 1900, Journ. f. Orn., 48, p. 280
— Guaso Masai, near the Mau Mountains, Kenya.

Ethiopia, Somaliland, Kenya, Uganda, and the Ruzizi Valley in

the eastern Congo region.

1 Wolters unites Onychognathus with Lamprotornis.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 95

Lamprotornis chalybaeus sycobius (Hartlaub)

Li{amprocolius| sycobius ““W. Peters’ = Hartlaub, 1859, Journ. f.
Orn., 7, p. 19 — Tete, Mozambique.

Lamprocolius sycobius pestis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 124 — Samburu, Kenya.
Borders of the Congo region and Tanganyika (Kagera River),
and extreme southern Kenya, south to Northern Rhodesia, Nyasa-
land, and Mozambique.

Lamprotornis chalybaeus nordmanni (Hartert and Neumann)

Lamprocolius sycobius nordmanni Hartert and Neumann, 1914,
Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 11 — Huilla, Mossamedes.

Southern Angola and northern South West Africa (Ovamboland)
east to the eastern Transvaal.

LAMPROTORNIS CHLOROPTERUS
Lesser Blue-eared Glossy Starling

Lamprotornis chloropterus chloropterus Swainson

Lamprotornis chloropterus Swainson, 1838, Anim. Menag., p. 359
— Western Africa.

Senegal east to central Sudan and northeastern Congo region.

Lamprotornis chloropterus cyanogenys (Sundevall)

Lamprocolius cyanogenys Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad.
Forh., 7, p. 127 — Sennar, Sudan.

Lamprocolius chloropterus schraderi Neumann, 1908, Orn. Monatsb.,
16, p. 65 — Ailet, northern Ethiopia.

East-central Sudan (Blue Nile district), east to Eritrea, south to
northern Uganda.

Lamprotornis chloropterus elisabeth (Stresemann)
Lamprocolius chloropterus elisabeth Stresemann, 1924, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 32, p. 173 — Msamvialager, South-Ufipa, Tanganyika.
Southern Uganda and southern Kenya, south to northern Mo-
zambique (Zambesi Valley), Northern Rhodesia, and Katanga Pro-
vince, Congo.

LAMPROTORNIS ACUTICAUDUS
Sharp-tailed Glossy Starling
Lamprotornis acuticaudus (Bocage)
Lamprocolius acuticaudus Barboza du Bocage, 1870, Jorn. Sci.
Math. phys. Nat. Lisboa, 2, p. 345 — Huilla, Caconda, Angola.
Lamprotornis acuticaudus katangae Dirickx, 1949, Rev. Zool. Bot.
Africa, 42, p. 302 — Funda Biabo, Katanga, Belgian Congo.

96 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Central Angola, south to northern South West Africa (Ovambo-
land), east to Northern Rhodesia and Katanga District, Congo, in-
cluding the shores of Lake Tanganyika.

LAMPROTORNIS SPLENDIDUS

Lamprotornis splendidus chrysonotis Swainson

Lamprotornis chrysonotis Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Africa, 1,
p. 143 — Western Africa.

Senegal to Sierra Leone.

Lamprotornis splendidus splendidus (Vieillot)

T[urdus] splendidus Vieillot, 1822, Tabl. Encye. Méth. Orn., 2
p. 653 — Malimbe, Portuguese Guinea.

Lamprocolius glaucovirens Elliot, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 4, 20, p. 169 — Gabon.
Principe Island; Nigeria south to northern Angola, east to the
southern Sudan, central Ethiopia and northern Tanganyika.

b

Lamprotornis splendidus lessoni (Pucheran)

Juida Lessoni Pucheran, 1859, Rev. Mag. Zool., (1858), p. 259 —
Fernando Po.

Lamprocolius chubbi Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13,
p-. 48 — Moka, Fernando Po.

Fernando Po Island.

Lamprotornis splendidus bailundensis (Neumann)

Lamprocolius splendidus bailundensis Neumann, 1920, Journ. f.
Orn., 68, p. 81 — N’gungo, Bailundu Land, Angola.

Central Angola, east to Northern Rhodesia, the southern Congo
region (Katanga), and possibly southern Tanganyika. Perhaps
partly migratory.

LAMPROTORNIS ORNATUS
Lamprotornis ornatus (Daudin)

Sturnus ornatus Daudin, 1800, Traité Orn., 2, p. 309 — Locality
unknown = Principe Island.

Lamprotornis ignita Nordmann, 1835, in Erman’s Reis., Atlas,
p. 7, pl. 3 — Senegal, error for Principe.

Principe Island, Gulf of Guinea.

LAMPROTORNIS AUSTRALIS
Greater Glossy Starling
Lamprotornis australis (Smith)!

Megalopterus australis A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa,
p. 52 — Country north of Kurrichane, South Africa.
1 For L.a.degener see p. 283.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 97

Southern Angola to central South West Africa (Damaraland),
east to the Transvaal and Swaziland.

LAMPROTORNIS MEVESII
Long-tailed Purple Starling
Lamprotornis mevesii chalceus Amadon

Lamprotornis mevesit chalceus Amadon, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1803, p. 30. New name for Lamprotornis purpureus Bar-
boza du Bocage, 1868, preoccupied.

Lamprotornis purpureus Barboza du Bocage, 1868, Jorn. Sci.
Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 1, p. 334 — Capangombe, Rio Chimba
Angola. Not L. purpureus Miiller, 1766.

Central Angola.

Lamprotornis mevesii mevesii (Wahlberg)
Juida Mevesii Wahlberg, 1856, Ofv. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 13,
p. 174 — Doughe [= Okavanga River], Bechuanaland.

Southern Angola to central South West Africa (Damaraland),
east to Bechuanaland, the Zambesi Valley, Southern Rhodesia and
southern Nyasaland.

LAMPROTORNIS PURPUROPTERUS
Lamprotornis purpuropterus aeneocephalus Heuglin

Lamprotornis aeneocephalus Heuglin, 1863, Journ. f.Orn., 6,
p-. 22 — Anseba River, northern Eritrea.

Kast-central Sudan to northern Ethiopia and northern Eritrea
(““Bogosland’’).

Lamprotornis purpuropterus purpuropterus Riippell
Lamprotornis purpuroptera Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers. Vog.
Nord-ost.-Afr., p. 64 — Shoa district, southwestern Ethiopia.

(Lamprotornis) porphyropterus Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1,
p- 200, note. (An emendation of Lamprotornis purpuroptera
Riippell.)

Lamprotornis viridipectus Salvadori, 1894, Mem. Accad. Torino,
p- 560 — Valle di Hento, Somaliland.

Southern Sudan to eastern Ethiopia (Ogaden country), south to
the eastern border of the Congo region, western Tanganyika (Ufipa
District), Uganda, and Kenya.

LAMPROTORNIS CAUDATUS
Lamprotornis caudatus (Miiller)

Turdus caudatus P. L. 8. Miller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 144
— Senegal.

Senegal, south to the northern Ivory Coast, east through northern
Nigeria and northern Cameroons to the central Sudan (Kordofan).

98 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

GENUS CINNYRICINCLUS LeEsson

Cinnyricinclus Lesson, 1840, Rev. Zool. [Paris], p. 272. Type, by
subsequent designation, T'urdus leucogaster Gmelin, 1789 =
Turdus leucogaster Boddaert, 1783 (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Sub-
gen. Birds).

Pholia Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 99. Type, by mono-
typy, Pholia hirundinea Reichenow = Pholidauges sharpit
Jackson.

Arizelopsar Oberholser, 1905, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 28, p. 887.
Type, by original designation, Pholidauges femoralis Richmond.

CINNYRICINCLUS FEMORALIS
Cinnyricinclus femoralis (Richmond)

Pholidauges femoralis Richmond, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 160 — 6,000
feet on Mt. Kilimanjaro.

Southern Kenya (highlands near Escarpment, Chyulu Hills, slopes
of Kilimanjaro), and northern Tanganyika (Kilimanjaro).

CINNYRICINCLUS SHARPII
Cinnyricinclus sharpii (Jackson)

Pholidauges sharp Jackson, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 22
— “Nandi, Kenya’’, but type from Eldama Ravine, fide Sclater
(1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 655).

Highlands of southern Sudan, southern Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda,
western Congo region, and Tanganyika.

CINNYRICINCLUS LEUCOGASTER
Violet Starling

Cinnyricinclus leucogaster leucogaster (Boddaert)

Turdus leucogaster Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. enlum., p. 39 — No
locality (Whidah, fide Gmelin, = Dahomey).

Savannahs from Senegal to Gabon, east to the Nile River Valley.

Cinnyricinclus leucogaster arabicus Grant and Mackworth-
Praed

Cinnyricinclus leucogaster arabicus Grant and Mackworth-Praed,
1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 63, p. 7 — Hajeilah, Yemen, southern
Arabia.

Southwestern Arabia, northeastern Sudan, ? Eritrea, northern

Ethiopia, Somaliland. (Perhaps not separable from the following
race.)

FAMILY STURNIDAE 99

Cinnyricinclus leucogaster friedmanni Bowen

Cinnyricinclus leucogaster friedmanni Bowen, 1930, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 82, p. 166— Near Gardula, southern
Ethiopia.

Southern Ethiopia.

Cinnyricinclus leucogaster verreauxi (Bocage)

Pholidauges Verreauxi Barboza du Bocage, 1870, in Finsch and
Hartlaub, Vogel Ost-Afr., p. 867 — Caconda, Angola.

Cinnyricinclus leucogaster lauragravae Bowen, 1930, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 82, p. 166 — Meru, Kenya.

Southern edge of the Congo-Gabon forest, east to Uganda and
Kenya, south to South West Africa, Natal, and the Orange Free
State. Migratory in the south.

GreNusS SPECULIPASTOR ReIcHENow

Speculipastor Reichenow, 1879, Orn. Centralbl., 4, p. 108. Type,
by original designation, Speculipastor bicolor Reichenow.

SPECULIPASTOR BICOLOR
Speculipastor bicolor Reichenow
Speculipastor bicolor Reichenow, 1879, Orn. Centralbl., 4, p. 108
— Kipini, Kenya.
S[preo] speculiferus Reichenow, 1914, Die Vogel. Handb. Syst.

Orn., 2, p. 356. New name for Speculipastor bicolor Reichenow,
1879, not Turdus [= Spreo] bicolor Gmelin, 1789.

[Spreo]| bicoloratus Amadon, 1943, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1247,
p. 5, note. New name for Speculipastor bicolor Reichenow, not
Turdus {|= Spreo] bicolor Gmelin, 1789.

Southern Ethiopia and Somaliland, south to northeastern Uganda
and the Tana River in Kenya.

GENUS NEOCICHLA SHarpPE

Neocichla Sharpe, 1876, in Layard’s Birds South Africa, new
edition, p. 215. Type, by original designation, Crateropus gut-
turalis Barboza du Bocage.

ef. Chapin, 1948, Auk, 65, pp. 289-291 (family placement).

NEOCICHLA GUTTURALIS
Neocichla gutturalis gutturalis (Bocage)

Crateropus gutturalis Barboza du Bocage, 1871, Jorn. Sci. Math.
Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 3, p. 272 — Huilla, Angola.

Neocichla Kelleni Bittikofer, 1888, Notes Leyden Mus., 10,
p. 229 — Umbella River, Angola.

Southern Angola and perhaps adjacent Northern Rhodesia.

100 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—Neocichla gutturalis angusta Friedmann
Neocichla gutturalis angustus Friedmann, 1930, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 20, p. 434 — Muhulala [= Muhalala], Kili-
matindi, Tanganyika.
Northern Rhodesia, northern Nyasaland, Tanganyika, and pos-
sibly southern Congo region (Katanga).

Genus SPREO Lesson

Spreo Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 407. Type, by subsequent
designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 40), Spreo bicolor
= Turdus bicolor Gmelin. (Proposed as subgenus.)

Poneropsar Oberholser, 1905, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 28, p. 888.
Type, by original designation, Spreo albicapillus Blyth.

Lamprospreo Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 272. Type,
by original designation, Lamprotornis superbus Riippell.

Painterius Oberholser, 1930, Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus., 1, p. 81.
Type, by original designation, Lamprotornis superbus Riippell.

Planagura Boetticher, 1936, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn., 6, p. 347.
Type, by original designation, Spreo albicapillus Blyth.

SPREO FISCHERI

Spreo fischeri (Reichenow)

Notauges Fischeri Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 54 —
Plains near Pare Mts., Moshi District, south of Kilimanjaro,

Tanganyika.
Southern Somaliland (Juba River), northern and eastern Kenya,
northern Tanganyika.

SPREO BICOLOR
Pied Starling

Spreo bicolor (Gmelin)
Turdus bicolor Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 835 — Cape of
Good Hope.
Bechuanaland and the Transvaal, south to the Cape.

SPREO ALBICAPILLUS

Spreo albicapillus Blyth
Spreo albicapillus Blyth, 1856, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24
(1855), p. 301 — Somaliland.
British Somaliland and southern Ethiopia.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 101

SPREO SUPERBUS

Spreo superbus (Riippell)
Lamprotornis swperbus Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers. Vog. Nord-
ost-Afr., p. 65 — Shoa, Ethiopia.
Southeastern Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and Somaliland, south
to Tanganyika.

SPREO PULCHER

Spreo pulcher pulcher (Miller)

Turdus pulcher P. L. 8. Miller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 139
— Senegal.

Spreo pulcher intermedius Zedlitz, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 9
— Giddar, Adamaua [= Adamawa region, northern Cameroons].

Senegal and the northern Gold Coast, east to northern Nigeria
and northern Cameroons.

Spreo pulcher rufiventris (Riippell)

Lamprotornis rufiventris Riippell, 1835, Neue Wirbelt., Vogel,
p- 27 — Northern Ethiopia.

Central French Equatorial Africa, northern and central Sudan,
northern Ethiopia, Eritrea.

SPREO HILDEBRANDTI

Spreo hildebrandti shelleyi Sharpe
Spreo shelleyi Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 190 —
Somaliland.

Extreme southeastern Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and southern
British Somaliland, south to eastern Kenya.

Spreo hildebrandti hildebrandti (Cabanis)
Notauges Hildebrandti Cabanis, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26, p. 233
— Ukamba, Kenya.
Spreo hildebrandti kelloggorum Neumann, 1944, Auk, 61, p. 288
— Benagi Hill, Zerengeti, Mwanza District, Tanganyika.
Southern Kenya (north to the Ukamba district) and northern
Tanganyika.

GENUS COSMOPSARUS ReEIcHENOW

Cosmopsarus Reichenow, 1879, Orn. Centralbl., 4, p. 108. Type,
by original designation, Closmopsarus]| regius Reichenow.

1 van Someren (1932, Novit. Zool., 37, p. 314) thinks that S. hildebrandti
and S. shelley: are distinct species, and states that they occur together in
Ukambani and Taita. Chapin, however, (MS) remarks that specimens (in
Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus.) from Lake Manka, Usambara are intermediate.

102 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

COSMOPSARUS REGIUS
Cosmopsarus regius regius Reichenow

Cosmopsarus regius Reichenow, 1879, Orn. Centralbl., 4, p. 108
— Massa, Tana River, Kenya.

Cosmopsarus regius donaldsoni van Someren, 1919, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 40, p. 52 — Mavsabit [= Marsabit], Kenya.

Southern Ethiopia and southern Somaliland, south to the Tana
River, Kenya.

Cosmopsarus regius magnificus van Someren

Cosmopsarus regius magnificus van Someren, 1924, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 44, p. 71 — Tsavo, Kenya.

Eastern Kenya, south of the Tana River, south to the Kiliman-
jaro region.
COSMOPSARUS UNICOLOR
Cosmopsarus unicolor Shelley

Cosmopsarus unicolor Shelley, 1881, Ibis, p. 116 — Ugogo,
Tanganyika.

Tanganyika and southernmost Kenya (Kilimanjaro).

GENUS SAROGLOSSA Hopecson
Saroglossa Hodgson, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 367.
Type, by original designation, Lamprotornis spilopterus Vigors.
Hartlaubius Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend., 37, p. 830. Type,

by original designation, T’urdus madagascariensis Gmelin =
Turdus auratus P. L. 8S. Miller.

cf. Marien, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 49, pp. 472-473
(S. spiloptera).
SAROGLOSSA AURATA
Saroglossa aurata (Miiller)

Turdus auratus P. L. 8. Miller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 140
— Madagascar.

Madagascar.

SAROGLOSSA SPILOPTERA
Saroglossa spiloptera (Vigors)

Lamprotornis spilopterus Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 35 — Himalayas, restricted to Simla-Almora district by
Ticehurst and Whistler (1924, Ibis, p. 471).

Psaroglossa spiloptera assamensis Baker, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 45, p. 14 — Khasia Hills.

Foothills of the Himalayas from the Punjab to Nepal and Assam.

In winter reaches Burma, Thailand, and central India.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 103

GEeNus CREATOPHORA Lesson

Creatophora Lesson, 1847, Descr. Mamm. Ois., p. 308. Type, by
monotypy, Gracula carunculata Gmelin = Rallus cinereus
Meuschen.

Dilophus Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 34. Type, by monotypy,
Gracula carunculata Gmelin = Rallus cinereus Meuschen. Not
Dilophus Meigen, 1804.

Perissornis Oberholser, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
p. 216. New name for Dilophus Vieillot, 1816.

CREATOPHORA CINEREA

Creatophora cinerea (Meuschen)

Rallus cinereus Meuschen, 1787, Museum Geversianum sive index
rerum naturalium etc., p. 40, no. 17 — [Cape of Good Hope].

Gracula carunculata Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 399 — Cape
of Good Hope.

Southwestern Arabia; eastern Africa from the southern Sudan,
Eritrea, and Somaliland south and east to Angola, South West
Africa, and the Cape.

GENUS NECROPSAR S.LaTER

Necropsar H. H. Slater, 1879, Phil. Trans., 168, p. 427. Type, by
monotypy, Necropsar rodericanus Slater, 1879 (a fossil or sub-
fossil species).

Orphanopsar Hachisuka, 1953, The Dodo and Kindred Birds,
p. 204.

NECROPSAR LEGUATI

Necropsar leguati Forbes
Necropsar leguati Forbes, 1893, Bull. Liverpool Mus., 1, p. 34 —
Probably Islet of Met, south of Rhodriguez Island. (Locality
questionable).

Met Islet, off Rodriguez. Only known from the type specimen
(not examined). Possibly identical with N. rodericanus Slater, an
older name, in which case the range would include Rodriguez as
well as the islet of Met. Extinct.

GENUS FREGILUPUS LEsson

Fregilupus Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 323. Type, by mono-
typy, Upupa capensis Gmelin = Upuwpa varia Boddaert.
8

104 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

FREGILUPUS VARIUS

Fregilupus varius (Boddaert)
Upupa varia Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. enl., p. 43 — No locality
= Réunion Island.

Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. Extinct.

Genus STURNUS LinnaeEts

Sturnus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 167. Type, by
tautonomy, “Sturnus” = Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus.

Pastor Temminck, 1815, Man. Orn., 1, p. 82. Type, by mono-
typy, Turdus roseus Linnaeus.

Gracupica Lesson, 1831, Traité Orn., p. 401. Type, by mono-
typy Gracula melanoleuca Lesson = Gracula nigricollis Paykull.

Sturnia Lesson, 1837, Compl. Buffon, 9, p. 53. Type, by original
designation, Pastor elegans Lesson = Oriolus sinensis Gmelin.

Sturnopastor “‘Hodgson” = Blyth, 1843, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
12, p.97. Type, by monotypy, Sturnus contra Linnaeus.

Temenuchus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 204. Type, by sub-
sequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds,
p- 67), Turdus pagodarum Gmelin.

Sturnornis Legge, 1879, Birds Ceylon, p. 679. Type, by mono-
typy, Heterornis senex Bonaparte. (Proposed as subgenus.)
Poliopsar Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 476. Type, by original designation,

Sturnus sericeus Blyth.

Agropsar Oates, 1889, Fauna British India, Birds, ed. 1, 1, p. 530.
Type, by original designation, Agropsar sturninus Oates =
Gracula sturnina Pallas.

Spodiopsar Sharpe, 1889, Ibis, p. 580. New name for Poliopsar
Sharpe, 1888, not Poliopsar Cassin, 1867.

Graculipica Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 76.
(Emendation of Gracupica Lesson.)

ef. Marien, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 49, pp. 471-487
(Indian species).

Vaurie, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1694 (Palearctic species).

STURNUS SENEX

Sturnus senex (Bonaparte)

Heterornis senex Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 419 —
Bengal, error = Ceylon.

Ceylon.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 105

STURNUS MALABARICUS

Sturnus malabaricus blythii (Jerdon)

Pastor blythii Jerdon, 1844, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 13, p. 133
— Malabar.

Hills of southwestern India from southern Bombay to Mysore
and Travancore; more widespread in winter.

Sturnus malabaricus malabaricus (Gmelin)
Turdus malabaricus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 816 — Malabar.
Himalayan foothills in the United Provinces and Nepal south to

the Central Provinces, east to the Mishmi Hills, Assam, and Bengal.
More widespread in winter.

Sturnus malabaricus assamicus (Koelz)

Sturnia malabarica assamica Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
no. 1, p. 19 — Nichuguard, Naga Hills.

Northern and central Assam (Naga Hills, North Cachar, Khasi
Hills). Partly migratory (Lower Pegu, Burma).

Sturnus malabaricus nemoricola (Jerdon)

Sturnia nemoricola Jerdon, 1862, Ibis, p.22— Thayetmyo,
Burma.

Northern Burma and northwestern Yunnan, south to Tenasserim,
Thailand, and Indo-China. Migratory in the north; rare or absent
in the south as a breeder.

STURNUS ERYTHROPYGIUS

Sturnus erythropygius andamanensis (Tytler)

Temenuchus andamanensis Tytler, 1867, Ibis, p. 329 — An-
damans.

Andaman Islands.

Sturnus erythropygius erythropygius (Blyth)

Sturnia erythropygia Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p. 34 — Nicobar Islands.

Car Nicobar, Nicobar Islands.

Sturnus erythropygius katchalensis (Richmond)

Sturnia erythropygia katchalensis Richmond, 1902, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 25, p. 293 — Katchal.

Katchal Island, Nicobars.
8*

106 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

STURNUS PAGODARUM

Sturnus pagodarum (Gmelin)
Turdus pagodarum Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 816 — Malabar
and Coromandel.
[Maina] sylvestris Hodgson, 1837, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 5,
p. 771, nomen nudum. (Not Sturnus sylvestris Brehm, 1831.)

[Temenuchus pagodarum] sylvestris Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 73 — Lucknow. (Inadvertent validation of
the name Maina sylvestris Hodgson.)

Temenuchus pagodarum afghanorum Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 73 — Tagan, eastern Afghanistan.

Eastern Afghanistan, Nepal, India, Ceylon.

STURNUS SERICEUS

Sturnus sericeus Gmelin
Sturnus sericeus Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 805 — China.
Central and southern China from Szechwan, southern Shensi, and
southern Anhwei south. In winter to northern Indo-China.

STURNUS PHILIPPENSIS!

Sturnus philippensis (Forster)
Motacilla Philippensis Forster, 1781, Ind. Zool., p. 41 — Philip-
pines.
Southern Sakhalin and northern Japan (Hokkaido and northern
Honshu). Winters principally in the southern Riu Kius, Philip-
pines, and Borneo.

STURNUS STURNINUS

Sturnus sturninus (Pallas)
Gracula sturnina Pallas, 1776, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs,
3, p. 695 — Southern Dauria, between the Onon and Argun.

Southern Asiatic U.S.S.R. (Transbaicalia, Amur, Ussuriland),
Mongolia, Manchuria, northern Korea, and northern China (Kansu
to Shantung). Winters in southern China, Hainan, Indo-China,
southern Thailand, southern Burma, Malaya, Sumatra, Java, and
offlying islets.

STURNUS ROSEUS
Rose-colored Starling

Sturnus roseus (Linnaeus)

Turdus roseus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 170 —
Lapland and Switzerland.

1 Sturnia violacea (Boddaert), 1783, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list” is a synonym.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 107

From eastern Europe (Hungary) west across southern Russia to
southern Siberia (Kirghiz Steppes), Transcaspia, and Russian
Turkestan; south through the Near and Middle East to Lebanon
and Syria. Winters chiefly in India and Ceylon; of widespread
erratic occurrence outside normal range.

STURNUS VULGARIS
Common Starling

Sturnus vulgaris faroensis Feilden
S[turnus] faroensis Feilden, 1872, Zoologist, p. 3257 — Faroes.
Faroes.

Sturnus vulgaris zetlandicus Hartert
Sturnus vulgaris zetlandicus Hartert, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25, p. 329
—North Yell, Shetland Islands.
Shetland Islands and the Outer Hebrides.

Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Linnaeus

Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 167 —
Sweden.

Sturnus ruthenus Menzbier, 1891, Ornithogeogr. Eur. Russ., ed.
1, 2, p. 173 — European Russia. Restricted to Ufa by Grote
(1935, Falco, 31, p. 16).

Sturnus Sophiae Bianchi, 1896, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci.,
St. Pétersbourg, 1, p. 129 Twer and St. Petersburg.

Sturnus vulgaris granti Hartert, 1903, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 43
— Graciosa, Azores.

Sturnus vulgaris jitkowt Buturlin, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15, p. 206
— Eastern Russia from the Urals to the middle Volga = Prom-
zino, Govt. Simbirsk, fide Dementiev (1933, Oiseau Rev.
Frang. Orn., 3, p. 745).

Sturnus vulgaris graecus Tschusi, 1905, Orn. Jahrb., 16, p. 141
—Chiliadu, Thessalia, Greece.

Sturnus balcanicus Buturlin and Harms, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17,
p. 56 — Romania.

Sturnus vulgaris ferdinandi Boetticher, 1936, Mitt. K. Natur. Inst.
Sofia, 9, p. 49 — Samakow, Bulgaria.

Sturnus vulgaris britannicus Bullough, 1942, Phil. Trans. Roy.
Soc., ser. B, 231, p. 241 — British Isles [= North Deighton,
Yorkshire, fide Meinertzhagen (1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 68,
p. 19)].

British Isles, Azores, Europe east to the Urals except extreme

north, south to south-central France, northern Italy, and to about

108 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

lat. 48° N. in Russia; in winter south to North Africa and the
Middle East. Introduced in South Africa, Australia, New Zealand,
Oceania, North America.

Sturnus vulgaris tauricus Buturlin

Sturnus tauricus Buturlin, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15, p. 209 —
Crimea.

Sturnus vulgaris oppenheimi Neumann, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63,
p- 121 — Tel Halaf, Iraq.

Southeastern Poland, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and the area
northeast of the Black Sea, south to the Kuban region and central
and eastern Turkey. In winter to Cyprus, the Near East, Iraq, and
western Iran.

Sturnus vulgaris purpurascens Gould

Sturnus purpurascens Gould, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
219 — Erzurum, Armenia.

Western Transcaucasia, Russian and Turkish Armenia, south
perhaps to northern Iraq. In winter to southern Iraq, the Near
Kast, and Egypt.

Sturnus vulgaris caucasicus Lorenz

Sturnus caucasicus Lorenz, 1887, Beitr. Orn. Faun. Caucasus,
p. 9, pl. 5, fig. 1 — Kislovodsk, northern Caucasus.

Sturnus poltaratskyi satunini Buturlin, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15,
p. 207 — Kislovodsk, northern Caucasus.

Sturnus vulgaris heinrichi Stresemann, 1928 (April), Journ. f.
Orn., 76, p. 345 — Sardabrud, near Nau Shahr, Mazanderan.
Sturnus vulgaris persepolis Ticehurst, 1928 (June), Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 48, p. 117 — Baba Hazi, 19 miles southeast of Shiraz.

Region west and south of the Caspian Sea from the Volga Delta
south to southern Iran and perhaps eastern Iraq.

Sturnus vulgaris nobilior Hume

S[turnus] nobilior Hume, 1879, Stray Feathers, 8, p. 175 — Kan-
dahar, Afghanistan.

Transcaspia, northeastern Iran, Afghanistan. In winter to
southern Iran, Baluchistan, and northwestern India.

Sturnus vulgaris poltaratskyi Finsch
Stlurnus| poltaratskyi Finsch, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p-. 713 — Marka Kul, East Kazakhstan, western Altai region.
Sturnus dzungaricus Buturlin, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15, p. 208 —
Urungu, northern Dzungaria.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 109

Sturnus zaidamensis Buturlin, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15, p. 208 —
Zaidam and Sadschu on the north slope of the Nan-shan.
Middle Siberia, from the slopes of the Urals to Lake Baikal;
western Mongolia. Winters south to the area from eastern Iran to
eastern India.

Sturnus vulgaris porphyronotus Sharpe

Sturnus porphyronotus Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 438 — Afghanistan,
etc. [= Yarkand, fide Sharpe (1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13,
p. 38)].

Sturnus purpurascens dresseri Buturlin, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15,
p- 208 — Aksu, north of Chimkent, Kara Tau.

Sturnus purpurascens johansenit Buturlin, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15,
p. 209 — Buchara.

Sturnus tauricus harterti Buturlin, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15, p. 210
— Merw to Fergana.

Sturnus porphyronotus loudoni Buturlin, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15,
p- 211 — Eastern part of Russian Turkestan, etc.

Russian and Chinese Turkestan from the Syr Darja, Bukhara,
and the Pamirs, east to southern Dzungaria, the Tian Shans, and
the Tarim Basin. In winter to Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Nepal,
and northern India.

Sturnus vulgaris humii Brooks
’Sturnus indicus Hodgson, MS (British Museum); Gray, 1831,
Zoological Miscellany, p. 84, nomen nudum. (Not Sturnus in-
dicus Blyth, 1843, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 12, p. 97 — Calcutta
Market.)!
Turdus splendens ““Temminck’’ = Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av.,
1 (1850), p. 421. Not Sturnus splendens Daudin, 1800.
Sturnus nitens Hume, 1871, Ibis, p. 410 — Kashmir, etc. Not
Sturnus nitens Brehm, 1831, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutsch-
lands, p. 399.
Sturnus humii Brooks, 1876, Ibis, p. 500. New name for Sturnus
nitens Hume, preoccupied.
Western Himalayas from Kashmir to the northern United Pro-
vinces (Garhwal), and perhaps western Nepal. In winter to the
plains of northern India.

Sturnus vulgaris minor Hume
S[turnus| minor Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 207 — Sind
[= Larkhana, fide Sharpe (1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13,
p- 39)].
Sind, West Pakistan.

1 Blyth’s indicus, based on migrants, may be regarded as unidentifiable
to subspecies.

110 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

STURNUS UNICOLOR!
Mediterranean Starling

Sturnus unicolor Temminck
Sturnus unicolor Temminck, 1820, Man. Orn., ed. 2, 1, p. 133 —
Sardinia.
Sturnus vulgaris subunicolor Jordans, 1923, Arch. f. Naturg., A,
(3), 89, p. 80 — Sardinia.

Iberian Peninsula, eastern and southern Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily,
and North Africa from Morocco to Tunisia.

STURNUS CINERACEUS

Sturnus cineraceus Temminck

Sturnus cineraceus Temminck, 1835, Pl. Col., livr. 94, pl. 556 —

Japan.

Poliopsar colletti Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 477 — Locality unknown.

Southern Asiatic U.S.S.R. (southeastern Transbaicalia, middle
Amur, Ussuriland) south through eastern Mongolia and Manchuria
to northern China (Hopeh, Kansu, ? Shensi) and Korea; also
Sakhalin and the main Japanese islands. Winters in southern China,
Formosa, and Hainan.

STURNUS CONTRA

Sturnus contra contra Linnaeus

Sturnus contra Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 167 —
India, restricted to Calcutta by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 702.

Sturnopastor capensis dehrae Baker, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45,
p. 103 — Dehra Dun.

Plains of Nepal and northern India from United and Central
Provinces, south to Hyderabad, east to Assam.

?Sturnus contra sordidus Ripley

Sturnus contra sordidus Ripley, 1950, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 1,
p. 3 — Sadiya, northeastern Assam.

Northern Assam.

Sturnus contra superciliaris (Blyth)

Sturnopastor swperciliaris Blyth, 1863, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
32, p. 77 — Burma. Restricted to Rangoon by Stuart Baker
(1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 702).

Extreme eastern India (Manipur); Burma south to the Mergui

district.

1 Sometimes treated as a race of S. vulgaris, but see Vaurie, 1954, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1694, pp. 16-17.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 111

Sturnus contra floweri (Sharpe)

Sturnopastor flowert Sharpe, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, p. 17 —
Pachim [= Pachinburi (= Prachin Buri) and Tahkamen
(= Ban Prachantakhan), Prachin Buri Province, central Thai-
land]. (In error, restricted to Bangkok by Baker (1921, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 702).)

Southern Burma (? eastern Tenasserim), Thailand, western Indo-
China (Laos).
Sturnus contra jalla (Horsfield)

Pastor Jalla Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13 (1822),
p. 155 — Java.

Sumatra, Java, Bali.
STURNUS NIGRICOLLIS

Sturnus nigricollis (Paykull)

Gracula nigricollis Paykull, 1807, K.Svensk Vet.-Akad. Nya
Handl., 28, pp. 291-293, pl. 9 — Canton, China.

Southern China, Indo-China, Burma, and Thailand, south to the
base of the Malay Peninsula.
STURNUS BURMANNICUS

Sturnus burmannicus burmannicus (Jerdon)

Sturnia burmannica Jerdon, 1862, Ibis, p. 21 — Thayetmyo,
Upper Burma.

Poliopsar fuscogularis Salvadori, 1889, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 2, 7, p.364— Monti Carin, Karen Hills, northeast of
Tounghoo, Burma.

Burma, except Tenasserim.

Sturnus burmannicus leucocephalus (Giglioli and Salvadori)

Acridotheres leucocephalus Giglioli and Salvadori, 1870, Atti
R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 5, p. 273 — Thu-doc, Indo-China.

Sturnia incognita Hume, 1879, Stray Feathers, 8, p. 396 — Burma-
Siam frontier.
Poliopsar cambodianus Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 477 — Cambodia.
Poliopsar leucocephalus annamensis Wells, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 39, p. 77 — Nhatrang, Annam.
Southern Indo-China, southern and western Thailand, and
southern Tenasserim at Tavoy-Thailand boundary.

STURNUS MELANOPTERUS

Sturnus melanopterus melanopterus (Daudin)

Gracula melanoptera Daudin, 1800, Traité Orn., 2, p. 286 —
“Inde” [= Western Java].

Western Java.

112 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Sturnus melanopterus tricolor (Horsfield)

Pastor tricolor Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13
(1822), p. 155 — Java; restricted to eastern Java by Robinson
and Kloss (1924, Treubia, 5, p. 294).

Eastern Java.

Sturnus melanopterus tertius (Hartert)
Gracupica tertia Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 547 — Bali.
Bali and Lombok.

STURNUS SINENSIS

Sturnus sinensis (Gmelin)
Oriolus sinensis Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 394 — China.
Oriolus Buffonianus, Shaw, 1809, Gen. Zool., 7, pt. 2, p. 437 —
China.

Southern China from southeastern Yunnan to Fukien; northern
Indo-China; Formosa (breeding?); Hainan. Winters south through
the Indo-Chinese countries, occasionally reaching Singapore and, in
the west, Manipur.

Genus LEUCOPSAR StTRESEMANN

Leucopsar Stresemann, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, p. 4. Type,
by monotypy, Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann.

LEUCOPSAR ROTHSCHILDI

Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann
Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31,
p. 4— Bubunan, north coast of Bali.
Bali.
Genus ACRIDOTHERES VIEILLoT

Acridotheres Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 42. Type, by subsequent
designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 40), Paradisea
tristis Linnaeus.

Aethiopsar Oates, 1889, Fauna British India, Birds, ed. 1, 1,
p. 539. Type, by subsequent designation (Baker, 1930, Fauna
British India, Birds, ed. 2, 7, p. 216), Pastor fuscus Wagler.

ACRIDOTHERES TRISTIS

Acridotheres tristis tristis (Linnaeus)
Paradisea tristis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12,1, p. 167 —
“Philippines,” error for (probably) Pondichéry, fide Strese-
mann (1952, Ibis, 94, p. 515).

1 This name has been used by those who (unnecessarily) consider Oriolus
sinensis Gmelin to be preoccupied by Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 113

Afghanistan, Baluchistan, southern Russian Turkestan, India
(including Nepal), Andamans. Also, as a result of recent extensions
of range or of introductions, the Indo-Chinese countries generally
and Malaya. Widely introduced and established on tropical islands
in all oceans, and in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

Acridotheres tristis melanosternus Legge
Acridotheres melanosternus Legge, 1879, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
5, 3, p. 168 — Ceylon.
Ceylon.
ACRIDOTHERES GINGINIANUS
Acridotheres ginginianus (Latham)

Turdus ginginianus Latham, 1790, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 362 — India,
restricted to Nadia, Bengal by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 702).

Plains of northern India from the North West Frontier Province
and western Bombay to Bengal, Nepal, and western Assam.

ACRIDOTHERES FUSCUS

Acridotheres fuscus mahrattensis (Sykes)

Pastor Mahrattensis Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 95
— The Ghats [= near Poona, fide Whistler (1933, Journ. Bom-
bay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 590)].

Western and southern India.

Acridotheres fuscus fuscus (Wagler)

Pastor fuscus Wagler, 1827, Syst. Av., Pastor, sp. 6 — India, re-
stricted to eastern Bengal by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 702).

Acridotheres torquatus Davison, 1892, Ibis, p. 102 — Paulu
Tawer, Pahang River, Malaya.

Northern India and Nepal, to western Assam, eastern and southern
Burma, Malay Peninsula.

Acridotheres fuscus fumidus Ripley

Acridotheres cristatellus fumidus Ripley, 1950, Postilla, Yale
Univ., no. 1, p. 4 — Sadiya, northeastern Assam.

Northeastern Assam.

Acridotheres fuscus javanicus Cabanis
Acridotheres javanicus Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 205 —
Java.
Java.
1 Later invalid restrictions are to Nepal by Robinson and Kloss (1924,

Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5, p. 357); and to Sikkim by Whistler (1933,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 590).

114 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Acridotheres fuscus cinereus Bonaparte
Acridotheres cinereus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 420 — Celebes.
Southern peninsula of Celebes.

ACRIDOTHERES GRANDIS
Acridotheres grandis Moore

Acridotheres grandis Moore, 1858, Cat. Birds East India Co., 2,
p. 537 — Sumatra (error). Restricted, in error, to Tenasserim
by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 702);
and to Bangkok, Thailand, by Deignan (1945, Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 186, p. 526).

Aethiopsar fuscus infuscatus Baker, 1918, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 38,
p. 70 — Lower Chindwin.

Eastern India (Assam, Manipur), southern China (Yunnan,

Kwangsi), northern and central Burma, Thailand (except Penin-
sular Thailand), Indo-China.

ACRIDOTHERES ALBOCINCTUS

Acridotheres albocinctus Godwin-Austen and Walden
Acridotheres albocinctus Godwin-Austen and Walden, 1875, Ibis,
p. 251 — Manipur.

Extreme eastern India (Manipur, North Cachar), northern and
central Burma, northwestern Yunnan.

ACRIDOTHERES CRISTATELLUS

Acridotheres cristatellus cristatellus (Linnaeus)

Gracula cristatella Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 165 —
China.

Central and southern China from Yunnan and Shensi to the
Yangtse Valley; eastern Burma (Malipa, perhaps a straggler); also,
probably by introduction, on Luzon, Philippine Islands. Introduced
in the Vancouver area, Canada.

Acridotheres cristatellus formosanus (Hartert)

Aethiopsar cristatellus formosanus Hartert, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 31, p. 14 — Bankoro, central Formosa.
Formosa.

Acridotheres cristatellus brevipennis Hartert

Acridotheres cristatella brevipennis Hartert, 1910, Novit. Zool., 17,
p. 250 — Kiungchau, Hainan.

Hainan Island and Indo-China, south to Cochin-China.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 115

Genus AMPELICEPS BrytH

Ampeliceps Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11, p. 194.
Type, by monotypy, Ampeliceps coronatus Blyth.

AMPELICEPS CORONATUS

Ampeliceps coronatus Blyth

A[mpeliceps| coronatus Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
11, p. 194 — Tenasserim.

Eastern India (eastern Bengal, Assam), Burma (chiefly south-
eastern), Indo-China and Thailand, south to Trang Province.

GENus MINO Lesson
Mino Lesson, 1827, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol, (Bull. Univer. Sci. Indus.,
sec. 2), 10, p. 158. Type, by monotypy, Mino dumontii Lesson.

Melanopyrrhus Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend., 37, p. 831. Type,
by monotypy, Sericulus anais Lesson.

MINO ANAIS

Mino anais anais (Lesson)
Sericulus Anais Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool., p. 44 — Papuasia.

Salawati Island, and adjoining coast of western New Guinea
(Sorong district of the Vogelkop).

Mino anais orientalis (Schlegel)

Gracula anais orientalis Schlegel, 1871, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., 4
(1873), p. 52 — New Guinea [= Bondey, west coast Geelvink
Bay, opposite Ron Island, fide Mayr (1941, List New Guinea
Birds, p. 163)].

New Guinea from the Onin Peninsula, Geelvink Bay, and Japen

Island, east, in the northern part of the island, to Astrolabe Bay.

Mino anais robertsoni D’Albertis
Mino Robertsoni D’Albertis, 1877, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 10,
p. 12 — Fly River.
Southern New Guinea, west to the Mimika River.

MINO DUMONTII

Mino dumontii dumontii Lesson
Mino Dumontii Lesson, 1827, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol. (Bull. Univer.
Sci. Indus., sec. 2), 10, p. 159 — Dorey, New Guinea.
Mino dumonti violaceus Berlepsch, 1911, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.
sae 34 (1913), p. 62 — Konstantinhafen, Astrolabe Bay, New
uinea.

116 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Mino dumontii aruensis Stresemann, 1922, Journ. f. Orn., 70,
p. 405 — Terangan, Aru Islands.

New Guinea and off-lying islands of Salawati, Batanta, Waigeu,
and Japen; Aru Islands.

Mino dumontii kreffti Sclater

Gracula kreffti P. L. Sclater, 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 120
— Solomon Islands. Restricted to New Ireland by Mayr (Ibis,
1933, p. 551), but the original locality can stand.

Mino dumontii giliau Stresemann, 1922, Journ. f. Orn., 70, p. 406
— Ralum, Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain.

Mino dumontii sanfordi Hartert, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
364, p. 18 — Guadalcanar [= Guadalcanal], Solomon Islands.

Bismarck Archipelago (Rook, New Britain, New Hanover or
Lavongai, New Ireland, Tanga) and the main islands of the Solo-
mons, except, apparently, San Cristobal.

Genus BASILORNIS Bonaparte
Basilornis Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 420. Type,
by monotypy, Pastor corythaix Wagler.

Goodfellowia Hartert, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 11. Type,
by monotypy, Goodfellowia miranda Hartert.

BASILORNIS CELEBENSIS

Basilornis celebensis Gray
Basilornis celebensis Gray, 1861, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 184
— Celebes (Menado, Makassar).
Celebes.
BASILORNIS GALEATUS
Basilornis galeatus Meyer
Basilornis galeatus Meyer, 1894, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, (2),
p. 2— New Guinea, error = Banggai or Sula.
Banggai and Sula Islands.

BASILORNIS CORYTHAIX

Basilornis corythaix (Wagler)
Pastor Corythaix Wagler, 1827, Syst. Av., Pastor, sp. 4 — Java,
error = Seram.
Seram Island, Moluccas.

BASILORNIS MIRANDA

Basilornis miranda (Hartert)
Goodfellowia miranda Hartert, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14,
p. 11 — Mindanao.

Mindanao Island, Philippines.

FAMILY STURNIDAE LLY

GEeNusS STREPTOCITTA Bonaparte

Streptocitta Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 382. Type,
by monotypy, Corvus caledonicus Latham = Pica albicollis
Vieillot.

Charitornis Schlegel, 1866, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk., 3 (1865), p. 1.
Type, by monotypy, Charitornis albertinae Schlegel.

STREPTOCITTA ALBICOLLIS

Streptocitta albicollis torquata (Temminck)
Garrula torquata Temminck, 1828, Pl. Col., pl. 444 — New Cale-
donia, Celebes, Borneo [= northern Celebes].
Northern and eastern peninsulas of Celebes.

Streptocitta albicollis albicollis (Vieillot)

Pica albicollis Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
26, p. 128 — New Caledonia, error for Buton or Muna Island.

South-central and southeastern Celebes; also islands of Buton
and Muna.
STREPTOCITTA ALBERTINAE

Streptocitta albertinae (Schlegel)
Charitornis albertinae Schlegel, 1866, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk., 3
(1865), p. 1 — Sula Islands.
Sula Islands.
GEnus SARCOPS Wa.LpEN
Sarcops Walden, 1877, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 9, p. 205. Type,

by monotypy, Gracula calvus Linnaeus.

ef. Rand, 1951, Fieldiana: Zool. (Chicago), 31, pp. 589-591 (mor-
phological variation).

SARCOPS CALVUS

Sarcops calvus calvus (Linnaeus)
Gracula calva Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 164 —
Philippine Islands [= Luzon].
Sarcops calvus mindorensis Gilliard, 1949, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1429, p. 4 — Base of Mt. Dulangan, Mindoro.
Northern Philippines: Luzon, Polillo, Catanduanes, Mindoro.

Sarcops calvus melanotus Ogilvie-Grant
Sarcops melanotus Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16,
p. L100 — Davao, Mindanao.
Sarcops calvus similis Salomonsen, 1952, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk
naturh. Foren., 114, p. 361 — Balang-Bang, Tolong, Negros
Oriental Prov., Negros.

118 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Sarcops calvus samarensis Salomonsen, 1952, Vidensk. Medd.
Dansk naturh. Foren., 114, p. 361 — Oras, Samar.
Sarcops calvus minor Salomensen, 1952, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk
naturh. Foren., 114, p. 362 — Burungkot, Upi Monicipality,
Cotabato Prov., Mindanao.

Central and southeastern Philippines from Panay and Samar to
Basilan and Mindanao.

Sarcops calvus lowii Sharpe

Sarcops Lowi Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1879, 2nd
ser., Zool., 1, p. 344 — Sibutu, Sulu Islands.

Sulu Islands.

Genus GRACULA LINNAEUS

Gracula Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 108. Type, by
subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List. Gen. Birds, p. 39),
Gracula religiosa Linnaeus.

Eulabes Cuvier, 1817, Regne Anim., 1, p. 401. Type, by mono-
typy, Gracula religiosa Linnaeus.

cf. Ripley, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 94, pp. 402-405 (Suma-
tran islands).

Ripley, 1946, Spolia Zeylanica, 24, p. 227 (G. ptilogenys).
Marien, 1950, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 49, pp. 485-486
(G. religiosa, India, map).

GRACULA PTILOGENYS
Gracula ptilogenys Blyth.
Gracula ptilogenys Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p- 285 — Ceylon.
Ceylon. GRACULA RELIGIOSA
Gracula religiosa indica (Cuvier)

Eulabes indicus Cuvier, 1829, Réegne Anim., ed. 2, 1, p. 377 —
India.

Hills of southwestern India north to southern Bombay; lowlands
of Ceylon.

Gracula religiosa peninsularis Whistler

Gracula religiosa peninsularis Whistler, 1933, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 586 — Sambalpur, Orissa, India.

Hills of northeastern peninsular India.

Gracula religiosa intermedia Hay
Gracula intermedia A. Hay, 1844, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 8,
p. 157 — Northern India and Arrakan [= Cachar, fide Baker
(1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 698)].

Eulabes hainanus Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 352 — Hainan.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 119

Eulabes sinensis Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 353 — Hongkong (based

on a cagebird from southern China).

Foothills of the Himalayas from the United Provinces of India
eastward; Nepal; Burma; Indo-China; extreme south China
(Kiangsi, ? Kwangtung); Hainan; Thailand, south to the Isthmus
of Kra.

Gracula religiosa andamanensis (Beavan)
Eulabes andamanensis ““Tytler’’ = Beavan, 1867, Ibis, p. 331 —
Andamans.
Gracula halibrecta Oberholser, 1926, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., 16, p. 516 — Little Nicobar, Nicobar Islands.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Gracula religiosa religiosa Linnaeus
Gracula religiosa Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 108 —
Asia [= Java].
Corvus javanensis Osbeck, 1757, Dogb. Ostind. Resa, p. 102 —

Java. (This pre-Linnaean name was once in use, based ona
1771 translation of Osbeck’s book.)
Gracula enganensis Salvadori, 1892, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser.
2, 12, p. 137 — Engano Island.
Gracula javanensis miotera Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
60, p. 16 — Simalur Island.
Gracula javensis baweana Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
52, p. 195 — Bawean Island, Java Sea.
Gracula religiosa exceptio Neumann, 1941, Zool. Med. Rijksmus.
Nat. His. Leiden, 23, p. 113 — Gilimanoek, West Bali.
Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra south; Sumatra; West
Sumatran Islands of Simalur, Enggano, and Pulu Dua; Rhio
Archipelago; Banka; Billiton; Borneo; Natuna Islands; Karimata
Islands; Java; Bawean Island; Bali; Kangean Islands. Introduced
on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.

Gracula religiosa batuensis Finsch
Gracula batuensis Finsch, 1899, Notes Leyden Mus., 21, p. 14
— Pulu Tello, Batu Islands.
Gracula javana prasiocara Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
98, p. 55 — Pulo Piling, Anamba Islands.

Tello, Siberut, Sipora, and Pagi group, West Sumatran Islands.
The birds of the Anambas, Tambelans, and Tioman in the South
China Sea appear inseparable.

Gracula religiosa robusta Salvadori

Gracula robusta Salvadori, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2,
4 (1886), p. 554 — Nias Island.

)

120 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

tracula javanensis ophellochlora Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Mise.
Coll., 60, p. 17 — Pulo Tuanku, Banjak Islands.

West Sumatran Islands of Babi, Tuangku, Bangkaru, and Nias.

Gracula religiosa palawanensis (Sharpe)

Mainatus palawanensis Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13
p. 104 — Palawan.

Palawan and nearby small islands (Balabac, Calamianes).

’

Gracula religiosa venerata Bonaparte

Gracula venerata Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 422 — Sumbawa.

Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands.

Gracula religiosa mertensi Rensch

Gracula venerata mertensi Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36, p. 48
— Sita, Flores Island.

Flores, Pantar, and Alor in the Lesser Sunda Islands.

Genus ENODES TEemMInckK

Enodes Temminck, 1839, Pl. Col., 1, Tabl. Meth., p. 108. Type,
by monotypy, Lamprotornis erythrophris Temminck.

ENODES ERYTHROPHRIS

Enodes erythrophris erythrophris (Temminck)

Lamprotornis erythrophris Temminck, 1824, Pl. Col., 2, pl. 267 —
Menado, Celebes.

Northern peninsula of Celebes west at least to the Matinan
Mountains.

Enodes erythrophris centralis Riley

Enodes erythrophrys centralis Riley, 1920, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 33, p. 56 — Goenoeng Lehio.

North-central Celebes (mountains west of Palu-Tales and Lake
Posso), and also the southeastern peninsula.

Enodes erythrophris leptorhynchus Stresemann

Enodes erythrophrys leptorhynchus Stresemann, 1932, Orn.
Monatsb., 40, p. 106 — Latimodjong Mountains.

South-central Celebes (west slopes of Latimodjong Mountains
and the Takala Mountains).

GENUS SCISSIROSTRUM LAFRESNAYE

Scissirostrum Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool., p. 93. Type, by mono-
typy, Scissirostrum pagei Lafresnaye = Lanius dubius Latham.

FAMILY STURNIDAE 121

SCISSIROSTRUM DUBIUM

Scissirostrum dubium dubium (Latham)

Lanius dubius Latham, 1802, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xviii —
Locality unknown [= Celebes].

Celebes.

Scissirostrum dubium pelingense Neumann
Scissirostrum dubium pelingense Neumann, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 59, p. 47 — Peling.
Togian Islands and Peling Island, east of Celebes.

SusramMity BUPHAGINAE
Genus BUPHAGUS Brisson

Buphagus Brisson, 1760, Orn., 1, p. 32, 2, p. 486. Type, by mono-

typy, “Buphagus” Brisson = Buphaga africana Linnaeus.

Buphagoides Chapin, 1921, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 17, p. 4. Type,

by original designation, T'anagra erythrorhyncha Stanley. (Pro-
posed as a subgenus.)

cf. Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75 B, pp. 171-178

(Congo region).
BUPHAGUS AFRICANUS
Buphagus africanus africanus Linnaeus
Buphaga africana Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 154
— Senegal.
Buphagus africanus megarhynchus Grote, 1927, Orn. Monatsb., 35,
p. 12 — Kisenyi, Lake Kivu, Belgian Congo.

Senegal east to Ethiopia and south to Natal and the Orange
River (except forest regions and the range of the following race).
Buphagus africanus langi Chapin

Buphagus langi Chapin, 1921, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 17, p. 4 —

Zambi, Lower Congo River, Belgian Congo.

Lower Congo River, Congo region, extending into adjacent
French Equatorial Africa (Middle Congo, probably Gabon), and
probably to the coast of northern Angola.

BUPHAGUS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS
Buphagus erythrorhynchus (Stanley) ’
Tanagra erythrorhyncha Anonymous = Stanley, 1814, in Salt’s
Travels Abyssinia, app. 4, p. 59 — Ethiopia.
Buphagus erythrorhynchus caffer Grote, 1927, Orn. Monatsb., 35,
p. 13 — Selala [= Palala River, Zoutpansberg, Transvaal].
Southeastern Sudan, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, south to Bechuana-
land and Natal.
1 For B. e. scotinus see p. 283.
g*

122 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Famity ORIOLIDAE’
James C. Greenway, Jr.

cf. Hartert, 1903, Vo6g. pal. Fauna, 1, pp. 51-54.

Meinertzhagen, 1923, Ibis, pp. 52-96 (Oriolus).

Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, 3, pp. 4-15.

Hartert and Steinbacher, 1932, Vog. pal. Fauna, Erganzungsb.,
p. 35.

Stresemann, 1938, Temminckia, 3, p. 134 (northeastern Borneo).

Bannerman, 1939, Birds Trop. West Africa, 5, pp. 450-465.

Delacour and Jabouille, 1940, Ois. Rev. Frang. Orn., 10, pp.
216—217 (Indo-China).

Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, pp. 18-20 (Celebes).

Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 83, pp. 137; 143; 164
(O. forsteni; O. viridifuscus; O. finschi).

Ripley, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 94, pp. 378-379 (islands
off Sumatra).

Deignan, 1945, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 186, pp. 296-299 (northern
Thailand).

Delacour and Mayr, 1946, Birds Philippines, pp. 252-255; 282.

Gilliard, 1950, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 94, pp. 502-503
(O. isabellae; O. albiloris).

Delacour, 1951, Ois. Rev. Frang. Orn., 21, pp. 118-119 (Indo-
China).

Rand, 1951, Fieldiana: Zool. (Chicago), 31, pp. 591-595
(Philippine forms of O. chinensis).

Vincent, 1952, Check List Birds South Africa, pp. 95-96.

Smythies, 1953, Birds Burma, ed. 2, pp. 210-213.

Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75 B, pp. 115-127
(Congo region).

Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1955, Birds Eastern and North
Eastern Africa, 2, pp. 660-670.

Keast, 1956, Proc. R. Zool. Soc. New South Wales, (1954-55),
pp. 19-25 (Australia).

Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 116-119.

Genus ORIOLUS Linnaevs’

Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 160. Type, by
virtual tautonomy, Oriolus galbula Linnaeus = Coracias oriolus
Linnaeus, 1758.

1 MS read by J. P. Chapin, H. G. Deignan and H. Friedmann.

2 Validation under the Plenary Powers of the generic name Oriolus Lin-
naeus, 1766, by the suppression of older homonym published by Brisson,
1760. Direction 21, Inter. Comm. Zool. Nomen., 1, See. C (C. 12): 161; 178,
1955.

FAMILY ORIOLIDAE 123

Mimeta Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
25, p. 326. Type, by subsequent designation, Gracula viridis
Latham = Coracias sagittata Latham.

Broderipornis Mathews, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 50, p. 61. Type,
by original designation, Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus.

ORIOLUS SZALAYI

Oriolus szalayi (Madarasz)

Mimeta szalayi Madarasz, 1900, Termés. Fiizet., 24, pp. 76; 80
— Finschhafen, Huon Gulf, northeastern New Guinea.

Mimeta granti Mathews, 1916, Ibis, p. 297, new name for O. striatus
Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., 1, p. 195 (pl.
9, fig. 2) — Dorey, northwest New Guinea (not O. striatus Her-
mann, 1783).

Oriolus szalayi substriatus Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Novit.
Zool., 38, p. 142 — Waigeu.

New Guinea and off-lying islands of Misol, Salwatti, Batanta,
and Waigeu.

ORIOLUS PHAEOCHROMUS
Oriolus phaeochromus Gray

Oriolus phaeochromus Gray, 1860 (1861?), Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 351 — East Gilolo.

Halmahera.
ORIOLUS FORSTENI

Oriolus forsteni (Bonaparte)

Mimeta forstent Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 346 —
Ceram.

Seram.
ORIOLUS BOUROENSIS
Oriolus bouroensis bouroensis (Quoy and Gaimard)

Philedon bouroensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, Voy. Astrolabe,
Zool., 1, p. 192 — Bourou.

Buru.

Oriolus bouroensis decipiens (Sclater)

Mimeta decipiens Sclater, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 199
— Larat.

Tenimber Islands.

ORIOLUS VIRIDIFUSCUS
Oriolus viridifuscus finschi Hartert

Oriolus finschi Hartert, 1904, Novit. Zool., 11, p. 219 — Wetter
Island.

Wetar Island.

124 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Oriolus viridifuscus viridifuscus (Heine)
Mimeta viridifusca Heine, 1859, Journ. f. Orn., 7, p. 405 — Timor.
Timor.
ORIOLUS SAGITTATUS
Olive-backed Oriole

Oriolus sagittatus magnirostris van Oort
Oriolus sagittata magnirostris van Oort, 1910, Notes Leyden Mus.,
32, p. 82 — Merauke, southern New Guinea.

Drier lowlands of southern New Guinea, from the Oriomo River
to the Merauke District, and Cape York, northern Queensland.

Oriolus sagittatus affinis Gould

Oriolus affinis Gould, 1848, Birds Australia, Introd., pt. 36,
p- liii— Port Essington, Northern Australia.

Oriolus sagittatus blaauwi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 435
— Napier Broome Bay, NW. Australia.

North West Australia, west to Derby, and Northern Territory,
east to Leichhardt and Norman Rivers, head of Gulf of Carpentaria.

Oriolus sagittatus sagittatus (Latham)

Coracias sagittata Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxvi —
Nova Wallia Australi [= Sydney, fide Mathews].

Oriolus sagittatus subaffinis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 485 — Cooktown, Queensland.

Australia, in Queensland (except Cape York), New South Wales,
Victoria, and coastal South Australia to Adelaide.

ORIOLUS FLAVOCINCTUS
Yellow Oriole

Oriolus flavocinctus migrator Hartert

Oriolus flavocinctus migrator Hartert, 1904, Novit. Zool., 11,
p. 218 — Letti Id.

Leti, Moa, and Roma Islands.

Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus (Vigors)
Mimetes flavocinctus Vigors, in King, 1826, Surv. Intertrop.
Coasts Australia, 2 (1827), p. 419 — Northern Territory.
Oriolus flavocinctus parryi Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec.,
1, p. 52 — Parry’s Creek, NW. Australia.
Oriolus flavocinctus madaraszi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 485 — Cooktown, Queensland.
Northern Australia from the eastern Kimberley district and
Northern Territory in the west to Queensland (except the wettest
parts).

FAMILY ORIOLIDAE 125

Oriolus flavocinctus miilleri (Bonaparte)

Mimeta miilleri Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 346 — “N. Guinea” [= Dourga R. = Princess Marianne
Strait (Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 184)].

Oriolus flavocinctus kingi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 435
— Cairns, Queensland.

Aru Islands; drier lowland forests of southern New Guinea from
the Wassi Kussa River to Princess Marianne Straits; the most
humid parts of Queensland in the Cairns district.

ORIOLUS XANTHONOTUS

Oriolus xanthonotus xanthonotus Horsfield

Oriolus Xanthonotus Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
13, p. 152 — Java.

Malay Peninsula north to extreme southern Tenasserim ; Sumatra;
Banka; Java; southern and western Borneo.

Oriolus xanthonotus consobrinus Ramsay

Oriolus consobrinus Ramsay, 1880, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879,
p. 709 — Sandakan district.

Northern, central, and eastern Borneo, and off-lying islands.

Oriolus xanthonotus mentawi Chasen and Kloss

Oriolus xanthonotus mentawi Chasen and Kloss, 1926, Ibis, p. 295
— Siberut Island.

Mentawei Islands (off western Sumatra): Siberut, Sipora, Pagi.

Oriolus xanthonotus cinereogenys Bourns and Worcester

Oriolus cinereogenys Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers
Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 16 — Tawi Tawi and Bongao,
Sulu Islands.

Oriolus poliogenys Sharpe, 1894, Zool. Record, 31, p.41 (new
name for O. cinereogenys).

Tawi Tawi and Bongao, Sulu Islands.

Oriolus xanthonotus persuasus Bangs

Oriolus xanthonotus persuasus Bangs, 1922, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
65, p. 83 — Puerto Princessa, Palawan.

Oriolus xanthonotus palawanus Hachisuka, 1941, Tori, 11
(51-52), p. 89 — Puerto Princessa, Palawan.

Palawan and Calamianes, Philippine Islands.

Oriolus xanthonotus basilanicus Ogilvie-Grant
Oriolus basilanicus Ogilvie-Grant, 1896, Ibis, p. 532 — Basilan.
Basilan, and perhaps western Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

126 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Oriolus xanthonotus samarensis Steere

Oriolus Samarensis Steere, 1890, List Birds Mamm. Steere Exp.,
p. 17 — Samar.

Samar, Leyte, and eastern Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

Oriolus xanthonotus steerii Sharpe

Oriolus steerii Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 213, pl.
10 — Negros and Basilan, restricted to Negros by Grant (1896,
Ibis, p. 532).

Oriolus nigrostriatus Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers
Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, p. 16 — Negros and Masbate.

Masbate and Negros, Philippine Islands.

Oriolus xanthonotus assimilis Tweeddale
Oriolus assimilis Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1877,
p. 760, pl. 76 — Cebu.
Cebu.

ORIOLUS ALBILORIS

Oriolus albiloris Ogilvie-Grant

Oriolus albiloris Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, p. 49
— “Mountains of northern Luzon” [= Sablan, Benguet Pro-
vince, northern Luzon].

Mountains of Ilocos Norte, Benguet, and Bataan, Luzon, Philip-
pine Islands.

ORIOLUS ISABELLAE

Oriolus isabellae Ogilvie-Grant

Oriolus isabellae Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, p. 2
— ‘Mountains of northern Luzon” [= Isabela Province,
northern Luzon].

Mountains of Isabela and Bataan, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

ORIOLUS ORIOLUS
Golden Oriole

Oriolus oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus)

Coracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 107 —
“in Europa, Asia’’ [= Sweden].

Oriolus oriolus caucasicus Zarudny, 1918, Izvest. Turkest. Otd.
Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 14, p.140 — Gilan, Masanderan,
Asterabad.

Oriolus oriolus sibiricus Johansen, 1944, Journ. f. Orn., 92, p. 29
— Osnatschennaja, Krasnojarsk Dist., Siberia.

Europe and western Siberia, south of lat. 63° N. in Sweden and

Finland, and lat. 60° N. in western Siberia, eastward to the Yenisei

FAMILY ORIOLIDAE 127

River at about lat. 59° N., southward through Europe to the Med-
iterranean and the Black Sea, and in Asia, from Turkey, the Cau-
casus, and central Iran, eastward to Fergana, Lake Zaisan, the
Altai, and western Sayan mountains in Siberia. Has bred sporadically
in Britain, Madeira, northwestern Africa, Sicily, the Cyclades (not
Greece), and isolated localities in central Siberia. Migrates to
eastern and southern Africa and northwestern India.

Oriolus oriolus kundoo Sykes

Oriolus Kundoo Sykes, 1832, Proc. Comm. Sci. Corres. Zool. Soc.
London, 2, p. 87 — Dukhun [= Deccan, India].

Oriolus Yarkandensis Scully, 1876, Stray Feathers, 4, p. 92 —
Yarkand, East Turkestan.

Oriolus kundoo turkestanica Zarudny and Kudaschev, 1918,
Izvest. Turkest. Otd. Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 14, p. 126 —
Turkestan city.

Oriolus oriolus baltistanicus Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-

ington, 52, p. 72 — Dagoni, Baltistan.

Western Siberia, from the deltas and valleys of the Syr Daria
and Amu Daria eastward along the Chu and Ilya Rivers, Tian
Shan and Altai ranges, and south, in the southern Pamirs, eastern
and southern Afghanistan, mountains of Baluchistan, Kashmir,
western and central Himalayas, and the Indian Peninsula, south
to Mysore. There is a downward movement from higher elevations
and a partial movement southward in the winter.

ORIOLUS AURATUS

Oriolus auratus auratus Vieillot

Oriolus auratus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
18, p. 194 — “‘Africa’’, restricted to Gold Coast by Meinertz-
hagen (Ibis, 1923, p. 61).

Africa, in drier forests north of the equatorial rain forests of the
Congo region, from Senegal eastward in Nigeria, Gabon, and French
Equatorial Africa to central Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and Uganda
(Mt. Elgon). A northward movement in the Sudan has been noted
in the rainy season.

Oriolus auratus notatus Peters

Oriolus notatus Peters, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., 16, p. 132 — Tete,
Zambesi River.

Africa, from Damaraland north to northern Angola and eastward
in the southern Congo (Katanga, Kasai and Kivu), Tanganyika
and islands off its coast, Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia,
Nyasaland, and Mozambique south to the Zambesi River. A north-
ward movement to Kenya, southern Uganda, and coastal islands
has been observed in the dry season.

128 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

ORIOLUS CHINENSIS
Oriolus chinensis tenuirostris Blyth
Oriolus tenuirostris Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p. 48, 370 — central India.

Breeds in the foothills of the Himalayas from eastern Nepal
through Assam and Bhutan to western Yunnan south at least to
central Burma (Maymyo), and perhaps to Tenasserim where re-
sident. Probably Laos (Tranninh), where there are intergrades with

diffusus. Winters in the northern plains of India, northern Thailand,
and southern Burma.

Oriolus chinensis invisus Riley
Oriolus chinensis invisus Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
53, p. 79 — Dran, southern Annam.
Southern Annam.

Oriolus chinensis diffusus Sharpe

Oriolus diffusus Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 197 —
India. (To replace O. Indicus Brisson, 1760; unidentifiable.)

Oriolus Indicus ‘Brisson’, Jerdon, 1845, Illus. Indian Orn., sig.
c, pl. 15; not Brisson, 1760 = Daudin, 1802.

Oriolus indicus ochroxanthus Oberholser, 1925, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 38, p. 5 — near Seoul, Korea.

Oriolus chinensis swinhoii Momiyama and Isii, 1928, Annot. Orn.
Orient, 1, p. 156 — Formosa.

Eastern Asia (local in parts of range), throughout China from
western and northern Sechuan, Chili north to Manchuria, Ussuri-
land, and Amurland; eastern Transbaicalia; and south to Kwangsi,
southern Yunnan, northern Tonkin and northern Laos; Formosa
and Hainan. Migrates to the southern part of its breeding range
and to India, Ceylon, southern Burma, Malaya, and Cambodia.

Oriolus chinensis andamanensis Beavan

Oriolus andamanensis “Tytler” = Beavan, 1867, Ibis, p. 326 —
Andaman Islands.

Andaman Islands.

Oriolus chinensis macrourus Blyth

Oriolus macrourus Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p. 46, 370 — Nicobar Islands.

Oriolus maculatus eustictus Oberholser, 1926, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 39, p. 31 — Car Nicobar Island.

Nicobar Islands.

FAMILY ORIOLIDAE 129

Oriolus chinensis chinensis Linnaeus
Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 160 —
‘“China’”’ in error = Manila; see Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1923,
p. 72; Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, 94, p. 508.

Oriolus chinensis palawanensis Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 616 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan.

Oriolus chinensis yamamurae Kuroda, 1927, Tori, 5, p. 257 —
Basilan.

Oriolus chinensis fugaensis Gilliard, 1949, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 62, p. 156 — Fuga Island, northern Luzon.

Oriolus chinensis sorsogonensis Gilliard, 1949, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 62, p. 157 — Sorsogon, southern Luzon.

Luzon, Mindoro, Calamianes, and, intergrading with suluensis,
on islands in the Sibuyan Sea (Samar, Leyte, Negros, Mindanao,
and Basilan).

Oriolus chinensis suluensis Sharpe

Oriolus suluensis Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 205
— “Sibutu” [= Tawi Tawi].
Sulu Islands.

Oriolus chinensis melanisticus Meyer and Wiglesworth

Oriolus melanisticus Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1894, Journ. f. Orn.,
42, p. 247 — Kabruang and Salibabu, Talaut Islands.

Talaut Islands.

Oriolus chinensis sangirensis Meyer and Wiglesworth

Oriolus formosus sangirensis Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1898, Birds
Celebes, 2, p. 591 — Great Sangi Island.

Sangi (Sangir or Sangihe) Archipelago: Great Sangi and Tabukan.

Oriolus chinensis formosus Cabanis
Oriolus formosus Cabanis, 1872, Journ. f. Orn., 20, p. 392 —
“Siao”’ [= Siau].

Sangi (Sangir or Sangihe) Archipelago: Siau, Tahulandang,
Ruang, Biaro.

Oriolus chinensis frontalis Wallace

Oriolus frontalis Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862,
p. 340, pl. 40 — Sula Islands.

Oriolus chinensis stresemanni Neumann, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
59, p. 93 — Peleng, Celebes.

Taliabu, Sula Islands, and Peling.

130 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Oriolus chinensis saani Jany

Oriolus chinensis saani Jany, 1955, Journ. f. Orn., 96, p. 103 —
forest of Gunung Pasir, Majau Island, Moluccas.

Gunung Pasir, Majau Island, Moluccas.

Oriolus chinensis mundus Richmond

Oriolus mundus Richmond, 1903, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26,
p. 517 — Simalur Island.

Simalur Island.

Oriolus chinensis sipora Chasen and Kloss

Oriolus chinensis sipora Chasen and Kloss, 1926, Ibis, p. 294 —
Sipora Island.

Sipora Island.

Oriolus chinensis richmondi Oberholser

Oriolus maculatus richmondi Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 60 (7), p. 16— North Pagi Island.

Oriolus chinensis siberu Chasen and Kloss, 1926, Ibis, p. 294 —
Siberut Island.
Siberut and the Pagi Islands.

Oriolus chinensis insularis Vorderman
Oriolus insularis Vorderman, 1893, Nat. Tijds. Nederl. Ind., 52,
p. 200 — Kangean Island.
Kangean Islands: Sapudi and Raas.

Oriolus chinensis broderipii Bonaparte

Oriolus Broderipii Bonaparte, 1852, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1850, p. 279, pl. 18 — Sumbawa.

Lombok, Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores, and Alor Islands.

Oriolus chinensis lampochryseus Oberholser

Oriolus maculatus lampochryseus Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 54, p. 186 — Solombo Besar Island, Java Sea.

Solombo Besar (Masalembo) and Arends (Keramian) Islands,
Java Sea.

Oriolus chinensis oscillans Hartert
Oriolus broderipi oscillans Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 32
— Binongka, Tukang Besi.
Tukang Besi Islands, southeast of Celebes.

FAMILY ORIOLIDAE 131

Oriolus chinensis boneratensis Meyer and Wiglesworth

Oriolus boneratensis Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1896, Abh. Ber.
Mus. Dresden, 6 (1), p. 16 — Bonerate.

Islands of Bonerate, Djampea and Kalao, Flores Sea.

Oriolus chinensis maculatus Vieillot
Oriolus maculatus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 17, p. 194 — Java.
Oriolus chinensis edgari Chasen, 1939, Treubia, 17 (3), p. 205 —
Singapore Island.
Singapore Island, Sumatra, Billiton, Banka, Nias, Java, Bali,
and Borneo.

Oriolus chinensis celebensis (Walden)

Broderipus celebensis Walden, 1872, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 8
(2), (1874), p. 112 — Celebes [= Gorontalo].

Northern Celebes south to the vicinity of Lalolei in southeast
where intergrades with macassariensis.

Oriolus chinensis macassariensis Hartert

Oriolus chinensis macassariensis Hartert, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 45, p.90— Makassar and Indrulaman, South Celebes.
New name for O. celebensis meridionalis Hartert, 1896; not
O. meridionalis Brehm, 1845.

Broderipus chinensis rileyi Mathews, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
45, p. 114. New name for O. celebensis meridionalis Hartert,
1896.

Southern Celebes (Lombasang, Makasar).

ORIOLUS CHLOROCEPHALUS

Oriolus chlorocephalus amani Benson
Oriolus chlorocephalus amani Benson, 1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
67, p.26— Amani (1,600 ft.), Usambara Mountains, Tan-
ganyika.
From the Usambara Mountains in northeastern Tanganyika
south to the Rondo Plateau in southeastern Tanganyika.

Oriolus chlorocephalus chlorocephalus Shelley

Oriolus chlorocephalus Shelley, 1896, Ibis, p. 183, pl. 4— Mt.
Chiradzulu, Nyasaland.

Nyasaland, in Chikala and Soche Mountains, and Chiperone
Mountain of Mozambique.

132 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

ORIOLUS CRASSIROSTRIS
Oriolus crassirostris Hartlaub

Oriolus crassirostris Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr., p. 266
— Sao Thome.

Sao Tomé, Gulf of Guinea.

ORIOLUS BRACHYRHYNCHUS
Oriolus brachyrhynchus brachyrhynchus Swainson
Oriolus brachyrhynchus Swainson, 1837 in Jardine Nat. Lib., Orn.,
8, Birds West Africa, 2, p. 35 — Sierra Leone.

West Africa, from Sierra Leone and Guinea through Liberia,
Ivory Coast, Gold Coast (Ghana), and Togoland.

Oriolus brachyrhynchus laetior Sharpe
Oriolus laetior Sharpe, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, p. 17 —
Gabon.

Africa, from southern Nigeria, the Cameroons and Gabon south-
ward to the lower Congo and the Kasai (Luluabourg), and eastward
through the Congo to southern Uganda and extreme western Kenya
(Kakamega).

ORIOLUS MONACHA

Oriolus monacha monacha (Gmelin)
Turdus monacha Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 824 — Abys-
sinia.
Eritrea and Ethiopia south to the vicinity of Lake Tana; inter-
srades with meneliki southward to the vicinity of Addis Ababa.

Oriolus monacha meneliki Blundell and Lovat
Oriolus meneliki Blundell and Lovat, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
10, p. 19 — Burka, Abyssinia [30 miles west of Harar].
Oriolus monachus permistus Neumann, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12,
p. 145 — Gadat in Gofa.
Southern Ethiopia from the Bako District and Lake Abaya to
the vicinity of Harar.

ORIOLUS LARVATUS
Black-headed Oriole
Oriolus larvatus percivali Ogilvie-Grant
Oriolus percivali Ogilvie-Grant, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14,
p. 18 — Kikuyu.

Mountain forests of western Congo above Lake Kivu and Lake
Edward and the vicinity of Mpanga in extreme western Uganda;
highlands west of the Ruzizi River; Kungwe highlands of the
eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika; Mount Kenya; Mount Elgon
in Kenya.

FAMILY ORIOLIDAE 133

Oriolus larvatus rolleti Salvadori

Oriolus Rolleti Salvadori, 1864, Atti Soc. Italiana. Sci. Nat. Milano,
7, Riun. Biella, p. 161 — White Nile between lat. 4° and 5° N.

Oriolus larvatus angolensis Neumann, 1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53,
p. 236 — Malange, Angola.

Oriolus monacha kikuyensis van Someren, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29,
p. 127 — Nairobi.

Oriolus larvatus reichenowi Zedlitz, 1916, Journ. f. Orn., p.1, 4
— Afgoi, southern Somaliland.

Africa, from dry forests of Angola eastward to Northern and
Southern Rhodesia, southern Bechuanaland, Transvaal, and Mo-
zambique, and northward in southern and eastern Congo region,
Tanganyika, Kenya, and Uganda to southern Sudan (about lat.
7° N.), southern Ethiopia, and Somalia.

Oriolus larvatus larvatus Lichtenstein
Oriolus larvatus Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 20 — “Terr.
Caffror.”’ [= Cape Province].
Southern Africa, in Cape Province, Natal, and Zululand.

ORIOLUS NIGRIPENNIS

Oriolus nigripennis alleni Amadon
Oriolus nigripennis allent Amadon, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 100, p. 436 — Bangah, Liberia.
West Africa, from Sierra Leone and Liberia east to Nigeria.

Oriolus nigripennis nigripennis J. and E. Verreaux

Oriolus (Barruffius) nigripennis J. and E. Verreaux, 1855, Journ.
f. Orn., p. 105 — Gabon River.

Oriolus nigrvpennis var. leucostictus Reichenow, 1911, Deutsch.
Zentral-Africa-Exped., 3 (8), p. 317 — Beni, Eastern Belgian
Congo.

Africa, in the Cameroons; Fernando Po; northern Congo (Uele
Dist.); Lotti Forest in southeastern Sudan; Semliki Forest and
Bwamba region of western Uganda, south to northwestern Angola,
central Kasai, and probably forests of Manyema in the Congo.

ORIOLUS XANTHORNUS

Oriolus xanthornus xanthornus (Linnaeus)
Coracias Xanthornus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 108
— “America” [= Bengal].
Oriolus luteolus thaiacous Hartert, 1918, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38,
p. 63 — Koh-Lak, southwestern Siam.
India, in foothills of the Himalayas and plains of the Ganges
from Kathiawar (Saurashtra) eastward to Burma, Thailand, ex-

134 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

treme northern Malaya (Langkawi Islands), Laos, southern half of
Annam, Cambodia, and Cochin-China; northeastern Sumatra. Re-
corded from southern Yunnan (Chengchiang) in summer.

?Oriolus xanthornus madaraspatanus Franklin

Oriolus madaraspatanus Franklin, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1830-1831, p. 118 — Ganges between Calcutta and Benares;
restricted to Jubbalpore by Whistler and Kinnear (1933, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 585).

Indian peninsula south of Kathiawar (Saurashtra) and the plains
of the Ganges; Andaman Islands.

Oriolus xanthornus ceylonensis Bonaparte

Oriolus ceylonensis Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 347 — Ceylon.

Ceylon.

Oriolus xanthornus tanakae Kuroda

Oriolus xanthornus tanakae Kuroda, 1925, Tori, 4 (19), p. 3 —
Tawao, North Borneo.

Coasts and small off-lying islands of northeastern Borneo.

ORIOLUS HOSII

Oriolus hosii Sharpe

Oriolus hosii Sharpe, 1892, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, p.4— Mt.
Dulit, Sarawak, northern Borneo.

Known only from Mount Dulit, Mount Derian, Mount Murud
Kechil, and Usun Apau Plateau, Dutch Borneo, above 3,000 feet.

ORIOLUS CRUENTUS

Oriolus cruentus malayanus Robinson and Kloss

Oriolus cruentus malayanus Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Journ.
Fed. Malay States Mus., 11 (1923-1924), p. 56 — Semangko
Pass, Selangor-Pahang boundary.

Malay Peninsula from northern Perak south to southern Selangor,
above 3,000 feet.

Oriolus cruentus consanguineus (Ramsay)

Analcipus consanguineus Ramsay, 1881, Ibis, p. 33, pl. 1—
Sumatra.

Sumatra.

Oriolus cruentus cruentus (Wagler)
Leptopteryx cruenta Wagler, 1827, Syst. Av., Addit., Leptopteryzx,
spec. 9 — Java.
Java.

FAMILY ORIOLIDAE 135

Oriolus cruentus vulneratus Sharpe

Oriolus vulneratus Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 437 — Mt. Kinabalu,
northern Borneo.

Mountains of northern Borneo, from Kinabalu to the Tama
Abo range and Mount Mulu.

ORIOLUS TRAILLII

Oriolus traillii traillii (Vigors)

Pastor Traillii Vigors, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-
1831, p. 175 —no type locality; restricted to Darjeeling by
Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Soc. Nat. Hist., 27, p. 698).

Himalayas from the Kulu Valley and headwaters of the Sutlej

eastward in mountain forests to Burma (south to the Pegu Yomas
and Karen Hills), northern Thailand, Shan States, northwestern
Yunnan (Yangtze-Mekong divide; Lichiang mountains, 13,000 ft.),
Tonkin, Laos, and northern Annam. Moves irregularly to lower
altitudes in winter.

Oriolus traillii robinsoni Delacour

Oriolus traillii robinsoni Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,
p- 168 — Djiring, southern Annam.

Indo-China, in southern Laos (Boloven Plateau), and southern
Annam from Langbian to Pleiku.

Oriolus traillii nigellicauda (Swinhoe)

Psaropholus ardens var. nigellicauda Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 342,
pl. 13 — Hainan Island.

Hainan. Has been found in winter in Tonkin (Backan), Laos
(Xieng Khouang), and northern Annam (Baongai, Phuqui, Hoi
Xuan).

Oriolus traillii ardens (Swinhoe)
Psarolophus ardens Swinhoe, 1862, Ibis, p. 363, pl. 18 — Formosa.
Formosa.

ORIOLUS MELLIANUS

Oriolus mellianus Stresemann

Oriolus traillii mellianus Stresemann, 1922, Orn. Monatsb., 30,
p. 64 — “‘Drachenkopf”’, Kwangtung [about lat. 25° N., long.
ia iee Dele

China, in mountains of northern Kwangtung and in Kwangsi

(Yaoshan range); and Szechuan (Ma Pien). Has been found in
winter in southeastern Thailand (Kao Sabab, 2,000 ft.) and Cam-
bodia (Bokor).

10

136 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus SPHECOTHERES VIesILiLor

Sphecotheres Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 42. Type, by monotypy,
Sphecotheres viridis Vieillot.

SPHECOTHERES VIEILLOTI
Southern Figbird

Sphecotheres vieilloti vieilloti Vigors and Horsfield
Sphecotheres Vierlloti Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn.
Soc. London, 15, p. 215 — Keppel Bay [near Rockhampton],
Queensland.
Sphecotheres canicollis Swainson, 1837, Anim. Menag., p. 320 —
Australia [= New South Wales].
Forests of eastern Australia, from south of the neighborhood of
Townsville (lat. 19° 16S.) southward to the vicinity of Sydney.

Sphecotheres vieilloti salvadorii Sharpe

Sphecotheres salvadorii Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3,
p. 224, pl. 12— near Port Moresby, New Guinea.

’*Sphecotheres stalkeri Ingram, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, p. 100
— Mt. Elliot [near Townsville], Queensland.!

Sphecotheres maxillaris boweri Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian
Rec., 3, p. 63 — Cairns, Queensland.

Forests of southern New Guinea from Port Moresby east to Rigo

and northeastern Australia from Cape York south to the vicinity
of Townsville (lat. 19° 16’S.).

SPHECOTHERES FLAVIVENTRIS
Yellow Figbird

Sphecotheres flaviventris flaviventris Gould
Sphecotheres flaviventris Gould, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1849, p. 111 — Cape York.
Sphecotheres flaviventris audoni Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 486 — Cairns, northern Queensland.
Sphecotheres flaviventris ashbyi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 436 — Alligator River, Northern Territory.

Northern and northeastern Australia, in coastal river valleys
and rain forests, from the vicinity of the Alligator River, Melville
Island, coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, and Cape York south to
Rockingham Bay and the neighborhood of Townsville.

1 Known from two specimens only. Provenance questioned by Mathews
(1918, Austral Avian Rec., 3, p. 141). Possibly a hybrid of viedlloti and
flaviventris.

FAMILY DICRURIDAE 137

Sphecotheres flaviventris cucullatus (Rosenberg)

Picnorhamphus cucullatus Rosenberg, 1867, Nat. Tijds. Nederl.
Ind., 29, p. 143 — Key Islands.

Kei Islands, Arafura Sea.

SPHECOTHERES VIRIDIS

Sphecotheres viridis Vieillot
Sphecotera (sic) viridis Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 68 — “‘Austral-
asia” [= Kopang, Timor].
Timor.

SPHECOTHERES HYPOLEUCUS!

Sphecotheres hypoleucus Finsch

Sphecotheres hypoleucus Finsch, 1898, Notes Leyden Mus., 20,
p. 129 — Wetter Island.

Wetar Island, Banda Sea.

Famity DICRURIDAE*
Charles Vaurie
ef. Vaurie, 1949, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 93, pp. 199-342
(revision of family).

Vaurie, 1958, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1869, pp. 4—7 (notes on
Palearctic forms).

Genus CHAETORHYNCHUS Meyer

Chaetorhynchus Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien
math.-naturwiss. K]., 69 (1), p.493. Type, by monotypy,
Chaetorhynchus papuensis Meyer.

CHAETORHYNCHUS PAPUENSIS

Chaetorhynchus papuensis Meyer
Chaetorhynchus papuensis Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien. math.-naturwiss. Cl., 69, (1), p. 493 — Arfak Mountains.
Monarcha divaga De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 374 — Boirave, southeast
New Guinea.

Mountains of all new Guinea (Tamrau, Arfak, Wandammen, Wey-
land, Nassau, Orange, Mamberamo, Sepik, and Saruwaged Moun-
tains and mountains of southeastern New Guinea and Yule Island.).
Ranging between 700 and 1,400 meters.

1S. flaviventris, viridis, and hypoleucus form a superspecies.

2 MS read by H.G. Deignan and S. D. Ripley.

10*

138 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus DICRURUS Vtet.or

Dicrurus Vieillot, 1816 (April 14), Analyse, p. 41. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, Corvus balicassius Linnaeus (G. R. Gray,
1841, List Gen. Birds, ed. 2, p. 47).

Edolius Cuvier, 1816 (Dec. 7), Régne Anim., 1, p. 350. Type, by
subsequent designation, Lanius forficatus Linnaeus (G. R.
Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 58).

Chibia Hodgson, 1836, India Rev., 1, p. 324. Type, by subsequent
designation, Hdolius barbatus J. EH. Gray = Corvus hottentottus
Linnaeus (G. R. Gray, 1841, List Gen. Birds, ed. 2, p. 47).

Bhringa Hodgson, 1836, India Rev., 1, p. 325. Type, by original
designation and monotypy, Bhringa tectirostris Hodgson.

Bhuchanga Hodgson, 1836, India Rev., 1, p. 326. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, Bhuchanga albirictus Hodgson (Sharpe,
1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 245).

Chaptia Hodgson 1836, India Rev., 1, p. 326. Type, by monotypy,
Chaptia muscipetoides Hodgson = Dicrurus aeneus Vieillot.
Dissemurus Gloger, 1841, Hand- und Hilfsb. Naturg., p. 347.

Type, by monotypy, Cuculus paradiseus Linnaeus.

Dicranostreptus Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 88, fig. 12.
Figure of generic details, no species included. Type, by subse-
quent designation, Hdolius megarhynchus Quoy and Gaimard
(G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 58).

Dissemuroides Hume, 1872, Stray Feathers, 1 (1), p. 408. Type,
by original designation, Dissemuroides dicruriformis Hume.

Dicruropsis Salvadori, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 88. Type,
by subsequent designation, Dicrurus megalornis G. R. Gray
(Salvadori, 1881, Agg. Orn. Papuasia Mol., 2, p. 173).

Dissemurulus Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, p. 322.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Dicrurus lopho-
rinus Vieillot.

Dicrachibia Hachisuka, 1928, Tori, 5 (25), p. 23 of English section.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Chibia menaget
Bourns and Worcester.

DICRURUS LUDWIGII
Square-tailed Drongo
Dicrurus ludwigii sharpei Oustalet
Dicrurus sharpei Oustalet, 1879, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat.
[Paris], p. 97 — Upper Ogowé River, Gabon.
Dicrurus elgonensis Van Someren, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40,
p. 95 — Lerundo (near Kaimosi), western Kenya.

West Africa from Senegal to northern Angola, through the Congo
(with the probable exception of the southeast), to southern Sudan
and western Kenya.

FAMILY DICRURIDAE 139

Dicrurus ludwigii ludwigii (Smith)

Edolius ludwigii A. Smith, 1834, South African Quart. Journ.,

ser. 2, p. 144 — Port Natal (Durban).

Dicrurus miinzneri Reichenow, 1915, Orn. Monatsb., 23, p. 91 —

Sanji, Mahenge district, Tanganyika.

East Africa from the Juba River in southern Italian Somaliland
south through coastal districts of Kenya, Tanganyika, Mozambique,
Natal, and eastern Cape Province, westward to Benguela in southern
Angola. Inland to western Tanganyika, southeastern Congo, Nyasa-
land, and the eastern parts of the Rhodesias and of the Transvaal.

DICRURUS ATRIPENNIS

Dicrurus atripennis Swainson
Dicrurus atripennis Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Africa, 1, p. 256
— Sierra Leone.
The Upper and Lower Guinea Forests, from Sierra Leone on the
west down to Gabon and eastward to the Semliki Valley.

DICRURUS ADSIMILIS
Fork-tailed Drongo

Dicrurus adsimilis adsimilis (Bechstein)

Corvus adsimilis Bechstein, 1794, Latham’s Allgem. Uebers. Vog.,
2, pt. 1, p.362— South Africa, restricted to Duwyenshoek
River, southern Cape Province by Clancey (1956, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl) 76;.p-. 85).

Dicrurus fugax Peters, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., 16, p. 132 — Tete
and Inhambane.

The whole of Africa south of the rain forest; extending on the

east to include Uganda and Kenya outside the forests. Intergrades
with divaricatus in northern Kenya and Uganda.

Dicrurus adsimilis divaricatus (Lichtenstein)

Muscicapa divaricata Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 53 —
Senegambia.

Dicrurus adsimilis jubaensis van Someren, 1931, Journ. East
Africa Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., no. 37, p. 196 — Juba River;
upper reaches.

The whole of the Ethiopian region north of the rain forest from

Senegal to Somaliland. Intergrades with adsimilis in northern
Uganda and Kenya, and southern Somaliland.

Dicrurus adsimilis coracinus J. and E. Verreaux

Dicrourus coracinus J. and E. Verreaux, 1851, Rev. Mag. Zool.
[Paris], p. 311 — Gabon.

140 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Dicrurus modestus ugandensis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 102 — Budongo [Uganda].

The island of Fernando Po, and the African rain forest from
Lagos in southern Nigeria, through the forests of the Congo and
Kasai, to the forests of Uganda and Kakamega Forest in western
Kenya.

Dicrurus adsimilis atactus Oberholser
Dicrurus modestus atactus Oberholser, 1899, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
22, p. 35 — Fantee, west Africa [Ghana].

Only well established in Upper Guinea in small patches of forest
from Sierra Leone to Lagos, southern Nigeria, where it intergrades
with coracinus ; elsewhere continuing as a chain of isolated specimens
around the rain forest in northern Angola, northwestern shore of
Lake Tanganyika, Ruzizi Valley, Uele, and probably from there
on to the west coast, along the northern border of the rain forest.

Dicrurus adsimilis modestus Hartlaub

Dicrurus modestus Hartlaub, 1849, Rev. Mag. Zool. [Paris], p. 495
— Principe Island.

Restricted to Principe Island in the Gulf of Guinea.

DICRURUS FUSCIPENNIS

Dicrurus fuscipennis (Milne-Edwards and Oustalet)

Buchanga atra var. fuscipennis Milne-Edwards and Oustalet,
1887, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 7, 2, p. 225 — Grand Comoro
Island.

Confined to Grand Comoro Island in the Comoro Archipelago.

DICRURUS ALDABRANUS

Dicrurus aldabranus (Ridgway)
Buchanga aldabrana Ridgway, 1893, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 16,
p- 597 — Aldabra Island.
Confined to the Aldabra Islands, western Indian Ocean north of
Madagascar.

DICRURUS FORFICATUS

Dicrurus forficatus forficatus (Linnaeus)

Lanius forficatus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 134 —
southeastern Madagascar. Based on Muscicapa Madagascarien-
sis nigra major cristata of Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 388,
pl. 37, fig. 4.

Dicrurus forficatus viridior Salomonsen, 1934, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 223 — Tabiky, western Madagascar.

Throughout Madagascar and Nossi Bé Island.

FAMILY DICRURIDAE 141

Dicrurus forficatus potior (Bangs and Penard)
Edolius forficatus potior Bangs and Penard, 1922, Proc. New Eng-
land Zool. Cl., 8, p. 25 — Anjouan Island, Comoros.
Confined to Anjouan Island in the Comoro Archipelago.

DICRURUS WALDENII

Dicrurus waldenii Schlegel

Dicrurus waldenii Schlegel, 1866, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk., 3, p. 86
— Mayotte Island.

Confined to Mayotte Island in the Comoro Archipelago.

DICRURUS MACROCERCUS

Dicrurus macrocercus albirictus (Hodgson)
Bhuchanga albirictus Hodgson, 1836, India Rev., 1 (8), p. 326 —
Nepal.
Dicrurus macrocercus tsipi Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Regional
Explor., 1, p. 15 — Palasbari, Assam.

Southeastern Iran eastward through Baluchistan, eastern Af-
ghanistan, and North West Frontier Province to northern India
to eastern Assam north of the Brahmaputra; ranges in northern
India from the plains of the Ganges up to about 7,000 feet in the
Himalayas. Intergrades with nominate macrocercus from the region
south of the Ganges south to about lat. 20° N. and with cathoecus
in Assam south of the Brahmaputra east to northern and western
Burma.

Dicrurus macrocercus macrocercus (Vieillot)

Muscicapa atra Hermann, 1804, Observationes zool., p. 208 (not
Muscicapa atra Gmelin, 1788, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 1,
p- 946) — Tranquebaria, southern India.

Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 9, p. 588, based on “le Drongolon’”’, Levaillant, 1805,
Oiseaux Afrique, 4, p. 72, pl. 174. Type locality restricted to
Orissa by Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 2 ed., 2,
p. 356; changed to Madras City by Vaurie (1949, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 93, p. 237).

Dicrurus macrocercus peninsularis Ticehurst, 1932, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 53, p. 20 — Madras City.

The whole of peninsular India, from lat. 20° N. southward.

Dicrurus macrocercus minor Blyth
Dicrurus minor Blyth, 1850, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 19, p. 225
— Ceylon.

Ceylon; resident low country dry zone. Straggler to low country
wet zone and hill zone.

142 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Dicrurus macrocercus cathoecus Swinhoe

Dicrurus cathoecus Swinhoe, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 377
— “China, Hainan, Formosa.” Type locality restricted to South
China by Hartert (1921, V6g. pal. Fauna, 3, p. 2017).

Dicrurus annectens siamensis Kloss, 1918, Ibis, p. 226 — Koh
Lak, southwestern Siam.

Northwestern and western Burma (where intergrades with
albirictus) south to Chin Hills, eastward through Burma, Thailand,
and Indo-China (except in regions where replaced by thai), Hainan,
and greater part of China to southern Manchuria. Straggles on
spring migration to Amur River and southern Ussuriland. More
northern populations migrate to southeastern China, Hainan, Indo-
Chinese countries, and Malay Peninsula south to about the Malay
States; more northern birds of Burma migrating to the southern
plains.

Dicrurus macrocercus thai Kloss

Dicrurus macrocercus thai Kloss, 1921, Journ. Fed. Malay States
Mus., 10, p. 208 — Koh Lak, southwestern Siam.

Tenasserim, southwestern and central Thailand, and southern
Annam.

Dicrurus macrocercus harterti Baker
Dicrurus ater harterti Baker, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25, p. 229 —
Tai-peh, Formosa.
Formosa, and introduced on Rota Island in the southern Marianas.

Dicrurus macrocercus javanus Kloss
Dicrurus macrocercus javanus Kloss, 1921, Journ. Fed. Malay
States Mus., 10, p. 208 — Badjoelmati, Besoeki, eastern Java.
Java and Bali.

DICRURUS LEUCOPHAEUS

Dicrurus leucophaeus longicaudatus Jerdon

Dicrurus longicaudatus Jerdon, 1862, Birds India, 1, p. 480 —
Segour Pass, Nilgiris.

Dicrurus leucophaeus minimus Baker, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25,
p. 296 — Trincomali, Ceylon.

Dicrurus leucophaeus beavani Vaurie, 1949, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 93, p. 243 — Khudi Khel (south of Hashim Khel in the
foothills or lower slopes of the Safed Koh), eastern Afghanistan.

Eastern Afghanistan south of the Hindu Kush and North West
Frontier Province (probably), eastward along foothills and lower
slopes of Himalayas, ascending to about 8,500 feet, to Sikkim where
intergrades with mouhoti. Winters in peninsular and southern India
to Ceylon. Evidence that species breeds in India south of Himalayas

FAMILY DICRURIDAE 143

not conclusive but birds with shorter wing than those of Himalayas,
and which are somewhat paler and bluer, are found in eastern
Ghats and southern India.

Dicrurus leucophaeus hopwoodi Baker
Dicrurus leucophaeus hopwoodi Baker, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25,
p- 294 — Dacca, southeastern Bengal.
Dicrurus leucophaeus stevensi Baker, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25, p.
295 — Darjeeling.

Eastern Himalayas (from Darjeeling where intergrades with
longicaudatus), Bengal, east of the Brahmaputra, and Assam east-
ward through Burma (south to north central Burma, eastern
Northern Shan States, and extreme eastern Southern Shan States)
to Indo-China (Tonkin, northern Laos, and northern Annam) to
southern China (Sikang north to about lat. 29° N., Yunnan, western
Kweichow, and parts of Kwangsi and Kwangtung). Migrates to
southern Burma, northern and eastern Thailand, southern Laos,
and Hainan Island. Intergrades with mouwhoti in southern Chin
Hills, central Burma, and western Laos.

Dicrurus leucophaeus mouhoti (Walden)

Buchanga mouhoti Walden, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 5,
p. 220 — Cambodia; restricted to Angkor by Riley (1940, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 53, p. 132).

Arakan, southern Chin Hills (where intergrades with hopwoodi),
central and upper southern Burma, western Northern Shan States,
Southern Shan States (with possible exception of extreme east
where may intergrade with hopwoodi), northern Thailand, north-
eastern Siam, western Laos (where intergrades with hopwoodz),
central Laos, and central Annam. Winters in southern Burma,
southern Thailand, Cambodia, and perhaps Cochin-China.

Dicrurus leucophaeus bondi de Schauensee
Dicrurus bondi de Schauensee, 1937, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 89, p. 337 — Ubol Chanuman [Ban Chanuman, near
Ban Khemmarat, eastern Thailand on the Mekong].
Dicrurus leucophaeus rocki Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 53, p. 1382 — Arbre Broyé [between Dalat and Dran,
southern Annam].
From Cambodia, southern Laos, and southern Annam, westward
across Thailand to the Me Ping, south of lat. 17° 47’ N.

toe)

Dicrurus leucophaeus nigrescens Oates

Dicrurus intermedius Blyth, 1846 (not Edolius intermedius Lesson,
1831, Traité Orn., p. 380), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15, p. 298
— Penang.

144 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Dicrurus nigrescens Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1
p. 311, 315 — Kyeikpaden, near Pegu Town.

Dicrurus leucophaeus disturbans Baker, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25,
p. 293 — Amherst.

From plains of extreme southern Burma through Tenasserim and
Malay Peninsula south to Kedah and lower Perak (Sitiawan, near
Lumut), Junk Seylon, and Penang Islands. Appears to intergrade
with resident form in extreme southern Burma, western Thailand,
and around head of Gulf of Siam and its islands.

’

Dicrurus leucophaeus leucogenis (Walden)

Buchanga leucogenis Walden, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4,
5, p. 219 — Nagasaki, Japan, error; type locality corrected to
China by Baker (1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27,
p. 474); restricted to Ichang, Hupeh, by Deignan (1945, Bull.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 186, p. 289).

Buchanga leucogenys cerussata Bangs and Phillips, 1914, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 58, p. 302 — Ichang, Hupeh.

Eastern China, from about northeastern Kwangtung or the border
of Fukien, north through Fukien and Chekiang to the lower Yangtze
(intergrading to the west with salangensis along the Yangtze from
Anhwei to Szechwan), then north through northern China to
southern Manchuria and west to southern Kansu. Migrates through
southeastern China, Indo-China, and Thailand (chiefly in the east),
to winter in southern Indo-China and the northern Malay Peninsula.

Dicrurus leucophaeus salangensis Reichenow
Dicrurus leucogenys var. salangensis Reichenow, 1890, Nomencl.
Mus. Hein. Orn., p. 69 — “‘Insula Salanga” [Junk Seylon or
Phuket].
Dicrurus leucogenys meridionalis Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 47, p.56— Seven Finger Range, central Hainan.
Southeastern China inland, south from the Yangtze, along which
it intergrades with lewcogenis, and on the coast south from the
Fukien-Kwangtung boundary. Migrates to Hainan, and through
Indo-China and eastern and southern Thailand to the Malay Penin-
sula as far south as Malacca.

Dicrurus leucophaeus innexus (Swinhoe)

Buchanga innexa Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 246 — Chinlan River,
Wenchang District, northeastern Hainan.

Hainan Island.

Dicrurus leucophaeus stigmatops (Sharpe)

Buchanga_ stigmatops Sharpe, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
247 — Mt. Kina Balu, northwestern Borneo.

FAMILY DICRURIDAE 145

Buchanga leucophaea penrissenensis Harrison and Hartley, 1934,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 54, p. 157 — Mt. Penrissen, Sarawak.

Buchanga leucophaea dulitensis Harrison and Hartley, 1934, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 54, p. 158 — Mt. Dulit, Sarawak.

Mountains of northern Borneo.

Dicrurus leucophaeus phaedrus (Reichenow)

Buchanga stigmatops phaedra Reichenow, 1904, Wiss. Ergebn.
Deutschen Tiefsee Exped., 7, p.356— Padang, western
Sumatra.

Sumatra, south of lat. 1° 30’ N.

Dicrurus leucophaeus batakensis (Robinson and Kloss)

Buchanga leucophaea batakensis Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Journ.
Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 80, p. 125 — Bandar Baroe,
Deli, northeastern Sumatra.

Northern Sumatra, north of lat. 1° 30’ N.

Dicrurus leucophaeus periophthalmicus (Salvadori)
Buchanga periophthalmica Salvadori, 1894, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 2, 14, p. 594 — Si Oban, Sipora Island, Mentawei group.
Dicrurus leucogenis diporus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Mise. Coll.,
60 (7), p. 15 — North Pagi Island, Mentawei group.
Sipora, North and South Pagi Islands, Mentawei group, western
Sumatra.

Dicrurus leucophaeus siberu Chasen and Kloss
Dicrurus leucogenis siberu Chasen and Kloss, 1926, Ibis, p. 294
— Siberut Island, Mentawei group.
Siberut Island, Mentawei group, western Sumatra.

Dicrurus leucophaeus leucophaeus Vieillot!

Dicrurus leucophaeus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 9, p. 587 — “Ceylon” (error for Java). Based on “‘le
Drongri,”’ Levaillant, 1805, Oiseaux Afrique, 4, p. 65, pl. 170.

Buchanga palawanensis Whitehead, 1890, Ibis, p. 47 — Taguso,
Palawan.

Dicrurus leucophaeus var. whiteheadi Dubois, 1901. Synopsis
Avium, 1, p.530; new name for Buchanga palawanensis
Whitehead.

Dicrurus cineraceus celaenus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Mise. Coll.,
60 (7), p. 15 —Simalur Island, western Sumatra.

Dicrurus cineraceus rebaptizatus Hartert, 1919, Novit. Zool., 26,
p. 130; new name for Buchanga palawanensis Whitehead.

Simalur, Java, Bali, Lombok, Palawan, and Balabac Islands.

1 Buchanga (sic) cineracea (Horsfield), of Sharpe’s Handlist, is a synonym.

146 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

DICRURUS CAERULESCENS

Dicrurus caerulescens caerulescens (Linnaeus)
Lanius caerulescens Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 95.
Based on Edwards, 1747, Aves, 1, pt. 2, p. 56 — Bengal.

India, from extreme south to slopes of Himalayas, and from
Saurashtra in the west to western Bengal and Bihar in east.

Dicrurus caerulescens insularis (Sharpe)
Buchanga insularis Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 253
— Lunugalla, southeastern Ceylon.
The low country dry zone of Ceylon. Grades into leucopygialis.

Dicrurus caerulescens leucopygialis Blyth

Dicrurus leucopygialis Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p- 298 — Colombo, southwestern Ceylon.

The low country wet zone of Ceylon (from Colombo to somewhere
between Matara and Tangalla on the southern coast). Grades into
insularis.

DICRURUS ANNECTANS

Dicrurus annectans (Hodgson)
Bhuchanga annectans Hodgson, 1836, India Rev., 1 (8), p. 326 —
Nepal.

The plains and foothills along the Himalayas from Uttar Pradash
(Almora) and Nepal to Assam, northern and central Burma, the
Shan States, and northern Thailand. Migrates through the whole of
Malay Peninsula and neighboring islands, to Sumatra, western
Java, and northern Borneo.

DICRURUS AENEUS
Dicrurus aeneus aeneus Vieillot
Dicrurus aeneus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
9, p. 586. Based on “le Drongo Bronzé,”’ Levaillant, 1805,
Oiseaux Afrique, 4, p. 75, pl. 176 — Bengal.

Chaptia aenea kwangsiensis Chong, 1932, Sinensia, 3 (6), p. 167,

fig. 1 — Lungchow, Kwangsi.

Southern and northern India (from Mussoorie) eastward to Burma,
Yunnan, southwestern Kwangsi (Lungchow), Hainan, Indo-China,
Thailand, and the Malay Peninsula as far south as Selangor to
about lat. 4° N. Intergrades with malayensis above northern Se-
langor.

Dicrurus aeneus malayensis (Blyth)
Chaptia malayensis Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p. 294; ex Hay MS — Malacca.
Southern tip of the Malay Peninsula from Selangor (about lat.
4° N.), southwards; Sumatra; Borneo.

FAMILY DICRURIDAE 147

Dicrurus aeneus braunianus (Swinhoe)

Chaptia brauniana Swinhoe, 1863, Ibis, p. 269 — interior moun-
tains of Formosa.

Formosa.

DICRURUS REMIFER
Dicrurus remifer tectirostris (Hodgson)

(Bhringa) Tectirostris Hodgson, 1837, India Rev., 1, p. 325
Nepal.

Bhringa remifer latispatula de Schauensee, 1929, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 81, p. 475 — Doi Suthep, Chiengmai,
northern Siam.

Bhringa fangi Chong, 1932, Sinensia, 3 (6), p. 171, fig. 2 — Tung-
Kwei of Lungchow, southwestern Kwangsi.

Along the lower Himalayas, between 1,500 and 6,000 feet, from
Kumaon eastward through Nepal, Assam, northern Burma, and
Yunnan to southwestern Kwangsi, southward through Cachar,
Lushai Hills, and Chittagong Hill Tracts, the whole of Burma
(except the plains of the south), northern Tenasserim (to about lat.
16° N.), northern Thailand, Tonkin, northern Laos, northern Annam,
and central Annam (as far south as Hue). Intergrades with peracensis
in south central Annam, at the Bolovens Plateau in southern Laos,
and, probably, in western Thailand, south of the northern plateau
at Ban Rahaeng.

Dicrurus remifer remifer (Temminck)

Edolius remifer Temminck, 1823, Pl. Col., livr. 30, 3, pl. 178 —
Java.

Bhringa remifer sumatrana Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
47, p. 57 — Sungei Kumbang, Korinchi, southwestern Sumatra.

Java and Sumatra.

Dicrurus remifer peracensis (Baker)

Bhringa remifer peracensis Baker, 1918 (November), Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 39, p.18—Telom, Perak-Pahang border, Malay
Peninsula.

Bhringa remifer attenuata Robinson and Kloss, 1918 (December),
Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8 (2), p. 235 — Butik Fraser,
Selangor-Pahang boundary.

Southern Annam, southeastern Thailand, the mountains of
western Thailand south of the northern plateau, from about Ban
Rahaeng, and northern Tenasserim (south of lat. 16° N.), down the
length of the Malay Peninsula to southern Selangor and southern
Pahang. Intergrades with tectirostris at the Bolovens Plateau in
southern Laos, and probably in south central Annam, as well as
western Thailand in the region of Ban Rahaeng. Intergrades with
lefoli in southeastern Thailand at the northern end of the Carda-
momes Range on the Thailand-Cambodia border.

148 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Dicrurus remifer lefoli (Delacour and Jabouille)

Bhringa remifer lefoli Delacour and Jabouille, 1928, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 48, p. 183 — Bokor, southern Cambodia.

Apparently confined to the mountains of southern Cambodia —
Elephant and Cardamomes Range; intergrades with peracensis at
the northern end of the Cardamomes at or near the Thailand-
Cambodia border.

DICRURUS BALICASSIUS

Dicrurus balicassius balicassius (Linnaeus)

Corvus balicassius Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 157 —
Philippines. Based on “‘le Choucas des Philippines,”’ Brisson,
1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 31, pl. 2, fig. 1.

Dicrurus balicassius mindorensis Mearns, 1909, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 36, p. 447 — Mt. Halcon, 3,000 feet, Mindoro.

Central and southern Luzon, Polillo, Lubang, Verde, Marinduque
and Mindoro, Philippine Islands.

Dicrurus balicassius abraensis Vaurie

Dicrurus balicassius abraensis Vaurie, 1947, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1335, p. 2 — Bucay, Abra Province, northern Luzon.

Northern Luzon, intergrades with balicassius in north central
Luzon in the region of the Lingayen Gulf or a little to the south
of it, Philippine Islands.

Dicrurus balicassius mirabilis Walden and Layard

Dicrurus mirabilis Walden and Layard, 1872, Ibis, p. 103, pl. 5
— Negros.

Ticao, Masbate, Panay, Guimaras, Bantayan, Cebu, Negros, and
possibly Siquijor, Philippine Islands.

DICRURUS HOTTENTOTTUS
Spangled Drongo
Dicrurus hottentottus samarensis Vaurie
Dicrurus hottentottus samarensis Vaurie, 1947, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1335, p. 1 — Bonga, Samar.
Samar, Leyte, and possibly Panaon and Bohol, Philippine Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus striatus Tweeddale

Dicrurus striatus Tweeddale, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 545 — Pasananca [near Zamboanga], Mindanao.

Nipah, Mindanao, and Basilan, Philippine Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus morotensis Vaurie

Dicrurus hottentottus morotensis Vaurie, 1946, Auk, 63, p. 82 —
Morotai Islund.

FAMILY DICRURIDAE 149

Dicrurus bracteatus morotaiensis Van Bemmel, 1947, Zool. Meded.
Leiden, 28, p. 285 — Mira Island, Morotai.

Morotai Island.

Dicrurus hottentottus atrocaeruleus Gray
Dicrurus atrocaeruleus Gray, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 354
—Batchian and E. Gilolo [Halmahera] Islands.

Batjan and Halmahera Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus carbonarius Bonaparte

Dicrourus carbonarius Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 352
—New Guinea; type locality, Lobo, Triton Bay, as fixed by
Stresemann (1923, Arch. f. Naturg., 89, div. A, no. 7, p. 46).

Dicrurus assimilis Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 178 —
Aru Islands. Not Corvus (= Dicrurus) adsimilis Bechstein,
1794.

Chibia propinqua Tristram, 1889, Ibis, p. 556 — D’Entrecasteaux
Archipelago.

Chibia carbonaria dejecta Hartert, 1898, Novit. Zool., 5, p. 522
— Sudest [= Tagula) Island, Louisiade Archipelago.

Dicrurus bracteatus stellatus Neumann, 1922, Verh. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 15, p. 235 — Friedrich Wilhelmshafen [= Madang],
Astrolabe Bay.

Dicrurus bracteatus ultramontanus Stresemann, 1923, Arch. f.
Naturg., 89, div. A, no.7, p.47; new name for Dicrurus
assimilis Gray.

The whole of New Guinea, and the islands of Gebe, Kofiau,
Misol, Salawati, Batanta, Waigeu; the islands of Geelvink Bay
(Numfor, Biak, Japen); the Aru Islands; the Trobriands (Kaileuna,
Kitava, Kiriwina), and the D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Good-
enough, Fergusson); the Louisiade Archipelago (‘Tagula).

Dicrurus hottentottus bracteatus Gould

Dicrurus bracteatus Gould, 1842, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 132
—eastern and northern coasts of Australia.

Dicrurus bracteatus baileyi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 437
— Alligator River, Northern Territory.

The northern and eastern coasts of Australia down to northern
Victoria; accidental visitor in Tasmania. Migrates to southern New
Guinea.

Dicrurus hottentottus laemostictus Sclater

Dicrurus laemo-stictus Sclater, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 101 — New Britain.

New Britain and Rook Island.

150 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Dicrurus hottentottus meeki Rothschild and Hartert

Dicrurus meeki Rothschild and Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 10,
p- 110 — “Guadalcanar,’’ Solomon Islands.

Restricted to Guadalcanal Island in the Solomon Archipelago.

Dicrurus hottentottus longirostris Ramsay

Dicrurus (Chibia) longirostris Ramsay, 1882, Proc. Linn. Soe.
N.S.W., 7, p. 300 — Wano, San Christoval [Solomon Islands].

Restricted to San Cristobal Island in the Solomon Archipelago.

Dicrurus hottentottus amboinensis Gray

Dicrurus amboinensis Gray, 1861, Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1860),
p. 354 — “Amboyna.”

Dicrurus hottentottus manumeten Stresemann, 1914, Novit. Zool.,
21, p. 148 — Manusela, Ceram.

Southern Moluccas in Seram, Ambon, Haruku, and Saparua
Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus buruensis Hartert

Dicrurus (bracteatus?) buruensis Hartert, 1919, Novit. Zool., 26,
p. 1383 — “Mount Madang,” west Buru.

Buru Island.

Dicrurus hottentottus densus (Bonaparte)

Edolius densus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 352 —
Timor.

Timor, Wetar, and Sermata Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus kiihni Hartert

Dicrurus kiihni Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p. 170 — Larat,
Timorlaut ['Tenimber] Islands.

Tenimber Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus megalornis Gray

Dicrurus megalornis Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 179
— Kei Island.

Kei, Watubela, and Gorong Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus sumbae Rensch

Dicrurus hottentottus sumbae Rensch, 1931, Treubia, 13, p. 382
— Karoni and Laora, Sumba Island.

Sumba Island.

Dicrurus hottentottus bimaénsis Wallace

Dicrorus (sic) bimaénsis Wallace, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London
(1863), p. 492 — ‘“‘Lombock, Sumbawa, and Flores.” Type

FAMILY DICRURIDAE 151

locality restricted to Flores by Rensch (1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 17 (4), p. 589).

Dicrurus hottentottus vicinus Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36,
p. 7 — Ekas, Lombok.

Lombok, Flores, Pantar, Alor, and Gunungapi Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus renschi Vaurie

Dicrurus hottentottus renschi Vaurie, 1949, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 93, p. 298 — Tambora Mountain, Sumbawa.

Sumbawa Island.

Dicrurus hottentottus sumatranus Ramsay

Dicrurus sumatranus Ramsay, 1880, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 15 — Ayer-Angat, Paio, and Mt. Sago, Sumatra.

Sumatra.

Dicrurus hottentottus guillemardi (Salvadori)

Dicruropsis guillemardi Salvadori, 1890, Agg. Orn. Papuasia Mol.,
p- 94 (Mem. Roy. Accad. Torino, 11, p. 220), for Dicruropsis
sp? Guillemard, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 571 — Bisa
Island, Obi Islands.

Dicrurus dohertyi Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 441 — Obi
Major.

Obi Islands (Bisa and Great Obi).

Dicrurus hottentottus pectoralis Wallace

Dicrurus pectoralis Wallace, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 342
— Sula Islands.

Sula Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus banggaiensis Vaurie
Dicrurus hottentottus banggaiensis Vaurie, 1952, Ardea, 40, p. 72
— Peling Island.
Banggai Archipelago (Banggai and Peling Islands).

Dicrurus hottentottus leucops Wallace

Dicrurus leucops Wallace, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 478
— Celebes.
Dicruropsis axillaris Salvadori, 1878, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino,
13, p. 1184 — Great Sangi.
Dicruropsis pectoralis sirensis Oberholser, 1919, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 54, p. 198 — Pulo Mata Siri, Laurot Islands, Java Sea.
Celebes, mostly in lowlands, and surrounding islands: Talaud,
Sangihe Archipelago, Bangka, Talissi, Manado, Mantehage, Lembeh,
Togian, Matasiri, Selayer, Muna, and Butung, and the Tukang
Besi Archipelago.
11

152 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Dicrurus hottentottus jentincki (Vorderman)
Chibia jentincki Vorderman, 1893, Nat. Tijds. Nederl. Ind., 52,
p. 194 — Ardajasa, Kangean Islands.
Chibia ter Meulent Finsch, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55, p. 302 —
Pulu Pajung, Thousand Islands [western Java].
Dicruropsis pectoralis solombensis Oberholser, 1919, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 54, p. 184— Solombo Besar Island, Java Sea.
Solombo Besar Island, Kangean Islands, Nusa Penida Island,
Bali, eastern end of Java, and the Thousand Islands off western
end of Java.

Dicrurus hottentottus viridinitens (Salvadori)
Dicruropsis viridinitens Salvadori, 1894, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 2, 14, p. 593 — Pisac-sac, Si Oban [Sipora], Mentawei.
Mentawei Islands (Siberut, Sipora, North and South Pagi).

Dicrurus hottentottus borneensis (Sharpe)

Chibia borneensis Sharpe, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 246
— Kina-Balu, Borneo.

Northern Borneo.

Dicrurus hottentottus suluensis Hartert

Dicrurus suluensis Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 441 — Maim-
bun, Sulu [= Jolo] Island.

Sibutu, the Sulu Archipelago, and Maratua.

Dicrurus: hottentottus hottentottus (Linnaeus)

Corvus hottentottus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 155
— Cape of Good Hope. Based on “‘le Choucas du Cap de Bonne
Espérance,”’ Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 2, p. 33, pl. 2, fig. 2.
Type locality Chandernagor, southern Bengal.t

Edolius chrishna Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 5 —
Nepal.

Chibia hottentota [sic] londae Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 52, p. 70 — Londa, southern Bombay Presidency.

India from northwestern Punjab eastward to Assam, Burma,

western Yunnan, Thailand, and southern Indo-China: south, in
India, to southern Bombay Presidency and Travancore in the west,
Mysore, Eastern Ghats, southern Bengal, and hills of Assam south
of the Brahmaputra to Manipur. Intergrades with brevirostris in
northern Burma, western Yunnan, and probably central Indo-
China.

1 See Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, 94, pp. 517, 521. The type locality had been
“corrected”? (see Vaurie, 1949) by previous authors to Sikkim in 1919, to
the head of the Gulf of Siam in 1921, and to Travancore in 1930, but none
of these can stand.

FAMILY DICRURIDAE 153

Dicrurus hottentottus brevirostris (Cabanis)
Trichometopus brevirostris Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., pt. 1, p. 112
— China.

The greater part of China from northern Hopeh south to northern
Indo-China (Tonkin and northern Laos); intergrades with nominate
hottentottus in northern Burma, western Yunnan, and probably
central Indo-China. The more northern birds migrate south to
Indo-China, Thailand, lower Burma (probably), and southern
Tenasserim.

Dicrurus hottentottus palawanensis Tweeddale

Dicrurus palawanensis Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 614— Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island.

Chibia cagayanensis Mearns, 1909, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 36,
p. 447 — Cagayan Sulu Island.

Cagayan Sulu, Balabac, Palawan, and Calamianes, Philippine

Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus cuyensis (McGregor)
Chibia cuyensis McGregor, 1903, Bull. Philippines Mus., no. 1, p. 5
—Cuyo Island.
Chibia worcesteri McGregor, 1905, Bur. Govt. Lab. (Manila), no.
34, p. 26 — Semirara Island.
Cuyo and Semirara Islands, Philippine Islands.

Dicrurus hottentottus menagei (Bourns and Worcester)

Chibia menaget Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers Min-
nesota Acad. Sci., 1, no. 1, p. 15 — Badajoz, Tablas Island.

Island of Tablas, Philippine Islands.

DICRURUS MEGARHYNCHUS

Dicrurus megarhynchus (Quoy and Gaimard)

Edolius megarhynchus Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, Voy. Astrolabe,
Zool., 1, p. 184, Atlas Ois., pl. 6— “Dorey, New Guinea,”
error for Port Praslin, New Ireland.

New Ireland.

DICRURUS MONTANUS

Dicrurus montanus (Riley)
Dicruropsis montana Riley, 1919, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
32, p. 94 — Besoa, Toewo Mountains, north central Celebes.

Mountains of Celebes.
11*

154 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

DICRURUS ANDAMANENSIS

Dicrurus andamanensis andamanensis Beavan

Dicrurus andamanensis Tytler = Beavan, 1867, Ibis, p. 323 —
Andaman Islands.

Andaman Islands.

Dicrurus andamanensis dicruriformis (Hume)
Dissemuroides dicruriformis Hume, 1872, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 408
— Great Coco and Table Islands.
Great Coco and Table Islands, north of the Andamans.

DICGCRURUS PARADISEUS

Dicrurus paradiseus brachyphorus (Bonaparte)

Edolius brachyphorus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 351 — Borneo.

Dissemurus paradiseus insularis Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 47, p. 58 — Sarawak, Borneo.

The whole of Borneo, including Pulo Laut.

Dicrurus paradiseus banguey (Chasen and Kloss)
Dissemurus paradiseus banguey Chasen and Kloss, 1929, Journ.
f. Orn., suppl. 2, p. 120 — Banguey and Balambangan Islands,
off northern Borneo.

Banguey and Balambangan Islands off northern Borneo.

Dicrurus paradiseus microlophus (Oberholser)
Dissemurus paradiseus microlophus Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 98, p.59— Pulo Jimaja, Anamba Islands.
Dissemurus paradiseus endomychus Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 159, p. 98 — Pulo Lingung, Natuna Islands.
Anamba and northern Natuna Archipelagoes, possibly also the
Tioman Archipelago.

Dicrurus paradiseus platurus Vieillot

Dicrurus platurus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
9, p. 588. Based on “‘le Drongo a Raquette,” Levaillant, 1805,
Oiseaux Afrique, 4, p. 73, pl. 175. Restricted to Malacca and .
Sumatra by Tweeddale (1877, Ibis, p. 314); type locality fixed
to Malacca proper by Robinson and Kloss (1920, Journ. Straits
Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., no. 81, p. 111).

Dissemurus paradiseus olizurus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 60 (7), p. 15 —Simalur Island, western Sumatra.

Dissemurus paradiseus adelphus Oberholser, 1912, t.c., p. 15 —
Teliwaa, Nias Island, western Sumatra.

“

FAMILY DICRURIDAE 155

Dissemurus paradiseus pachistus Oberholser, 1912, t. ¢., p. 16 —
Pulo Lasia Island, western Sumatra.

Dissemurus paradiseus elassopterus Oberholser, 1912, t.c., p. 16
—Pulo Babi Island, western Sumatra.

Dissemurus paradiseus messatius Oberholser, 1926, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 16, p. 519 — ‘“‘Selitar, 9 miles from the town
of Singapore,” Singapore Island.

Dissemurus paradiseus siakensis Oberholser, 1926, t. ¢., p. 519 —
Siak River, eastern Sumatra.

Dissemurus paradiseus colpiotes Oberholser, 1926, t. c., p. 520 —
Loh Sidoh Bay, northwestern tip of Sumatra.

Southern end of the Malay Peninsula from about lat. 4° N.,
Singapore Island, and possibly the Tioman Archipelago; the whole
of Sumatra including the eastern coastal islands, Rhio and Lingga
Archipelagoes, Bangka Island; the northern group of the western
Sumatran islands including Simalur, Lasia, Babi, and Nias.

Dicrurus paradiseus formosus (Cabanis)!
Dissemurus formosus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 111 —
Barta, Java.

Dissemurus paradiseus wallacei Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 47, p. 58 — Modjokerto, eastern Java.

Java.

Dicrurus paradiseus hypoballus (Oberholser)

Edolius malayensis Blyth, 1859, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 28,
p. 272 — Penang and the Andamans. Restricted to the Malay
Peninsula north of lat. 4° N., type locality Penang, by Kloss
(1918, Ibis, p. 519); preoccupied by Dicrurus aeneus malayensis
(Blyth), 1846.

Dissemurus paradiseus hypoballus Oberholser, 1926, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 16, p.518— ‘“‘Prahmon, Trang, Lower
(Peninsular) Siam.”’

Malay Peninsula and coastal islands from lower Tenasserim from
about lat. 11° N. to about lat. 4° N. in Lower Perak, south of which
it is replaced by platurus, the two forms intergrading. North of
lat. 11° N. hypoballus is replaced by paradiseus, the two forms
intergrading.

Dicrurus paradiseus paradiseus (Linnaeus)

Cuculus paradiseus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 172
—Siam. Based on ‘le Coucou verd [sic], hupé de Siam,”

1 Acceptance of the name Corvus tropicus Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1,
p. 372 [= Dicrurus paradiseus tropicus], from “‘‘insula O-why-hee”’ [= Princes
Island, west of Java, fide Stresemann (1950, Auk, 67, p. 81)] would violate
the Conservation Principle adopted at Copenhagen in 1953 at the Fourteenth
International Congress of Zoology, and is therefore not accepted here.

156 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Brisson, 1760, Ornithologia, 4, p. 151, fig. 1, pl. 14. Restricted
“to the region between Ayuthia and the head of the Gulf”
of Siam, by Kloss (1919, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 3,
p. 453).1

Dissemurus paradiseus mallomicrus Oberholser, 1926, Journ.

Washington Acad. Sci., 16, p. 518 — Hastings Island, Mergui
Archipelago.

India (south of the Godavari), Tenasserim, and the Mergui
Archipelago, southwestern, central and southeastern Thailand,
Cambodia, Cochin-China, Pulo Condore, southern Laos, and southern
Annam. Along northern borders of range, in peninsular India,
northern Tenasserim, western Thailand, central Laos, and north
central Annam, intergrades with and replaced by rangoonensis; in
peninsular Thailand, at about lat. 11° N., intergrades with and re-
placed by hypoballus.

Dicrurus paradiseus rangoonensis (Gould)
Edolius rangoonensis Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 5
— Rangoon.

Central India, central and southern Burma, southern Chin Hills,
Southern Shan States, northern and northeastern Thailand, central
Laos, and central Annam. Intergrades into grandis and paradiseus
on respective borders of range.

Dicrurus paradiseus grandis (Gould)

Edolius grandis Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 5 —
Nepal.

Dissemurus alcocki Finn, 1899, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 68,
p. 119, pl. 2— Gorakhpur District? [partially albinotic aviary
specimen].

Northern India, along foothills and lower slopes Himalayas (up
to 4,000 feet), from Kashmir to Mishmi Hills of Assam, northern
Cachar, northern Burma, south to northern Chin Hills and Northern
Shan States, Yunnan, Tonkin, northern Laos, and northern Annam.
Intergrades with rangoonensis along southern borders of range.

Dicrurus paradiseus johni (Hartert)
Dissemurus paradiseus johni Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 579
— Five Finger Mountains, Hainan.

Hainan Island.

1 Stresemann’s discovery (1952, Ibis, 94, pp. 509; 519) that the Mergui
Archipelago is a more likely type locality leads to considerable uncertainty
since this is near the area of intergradation between paradiseus and hypo-
ballus. It might even lead to a transfer of the name paradiseus to hypoballus.
To avoid instability it will be best to accept Kloss’ original restriction of
the type locality.

FAMILY CALLAEIDAE 157

Dicrurus paradiseus ceylonicus Vaurie

Dicrurus paradiseus ceylonicus Vaurie, 1949, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 93, p. 329, new name for Dissemurus [= Dicrurus]
ceylonensis Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 264, figs.
10-11 — Northeastern Province, Ceylon; preoccupied by Dic-
rurus ceylonensis Stephens, 1826, a synonym of Dicrurus
leucophaeus Vieillot.

Ceylon in low country dry zone in north, east, and south and
in drier parts of hill zone up to about 2,000 feet.

Dicrurus paradiseus lophorinus Vieillot

Dicrurus lophorinus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 9, p. 587. Based on “le Drongup,”’ Levailland, 1805,
Oiseaux Afrique, 4, p. 70, pl. 173 — India, restricted to Ceylon.

Ceylon in forest of low country wet zone from Deduru-oya on
north to Walawe River in southeast and in wetter parts of the hill
zone, to about 4,500 feet.

Dicrurus paradiseus otiosus (Richmond)

Dissemurus malabaricus otiosus Richmond, 1903, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 25, p. 290 — Andamans. New name for Edolius affinis
Beavan, 1867, Ibis, p. 323, not Hdolius affinis Blyth, 1842.

Andaman Islands.

Dicrurus paradiseus nicobariensis (Baker)

Dissemurus paradiseus nicobariensis Baker, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25,
p. 302 — Kondel [Island], Nicobars.

Nicobar Islands.

Famity CALLAEIDAE!

Dean Amadon

Genus CALLAEAS Forster

Callaeas Forster, 1788 (March 27), Enchiridion, p. 35. Type, by
monotypy, Great Wattle Bird of New Zealand = Glaucopis
cinerea Gmelin.

CALLAEAS CINEREA
Kokako

—— Callaeas cinerea wilsoni (Bonaparte)
Glaucopis wilsoni Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Avium, 1 (1850),
p. 368 — New Zealand.
1 This conventional spelling has been retained for the sake of stability

even though Callaeatidae may be a more correct spelling, if the stem of
Callaeas is taken to be Callaeat-.

158 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

North Island and Great Barrier Island, New Zealand. Now con-
fined to several localities south of Auckland Isthmus, North Island.

_——Callaeas cinerea cinerea (Gmelin)
Glaucopis cinerea Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 363 — New
Zealand.
South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand. Now local in
occurrence.

GENUS CREADION VIEILLoT

Creadion Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 34. Type, by subsequent
designation, Sturnus carunculatus Gmelin (Vigors and Hors-
field, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 321).

Philesturnus Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1832, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist.
Nat. [Paris], 1, p. 390. Type, by monotypy, Sturnus carun-
culatus Gmelin.

CREADION CARUNCULATUS
Saddleback

———~Creadion carunculatus rufusater (Lesson)
Icterus rufusater Lesson, 1828, Man. Orn., 1, p. 355 — Bay of
Islands, North Island, New Zealand.
North Island and Great Barrier, Little Barrier, Cuvier, and Hen
Islands, New Zealand. Now restricted to the Raukumara Ranges
of North Island and to Hen Island.

_— Creadion carunculatus carunculatus (Gmelin)
Sturnus carunculatus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1 (2), p. 805 —
South Island, New Zealand.
South Island, Stewart Island, and islets off Stewart Island, New
Zealand. Now known only from three islets off the southwestern
coast of Stewart Island.

Genus HETERALOCHA CasBanis

Neomorpha Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1, [pl. 11
and text]. Type, by virtual monotypy, Neomorpha acutirostris
Gould.!

Heteralocha Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 218. Type, by original
designation, Heteralocha gouldi Gray = Neomorpha acutirostris
Gould.

1 Neomorpha Gould has been suppressed, under the Plenary Powers of the

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Opinion 514, 1958,
in favor of Heteralocha Cabanis.

FAMILY GRALLINIDAE 159

HETERALOCHA ACUTIROSTRIS
Huia
Heteralocha acutirostris (Gould)

Neomorpha acutirostris Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt.
1 [pl. 11, fig. 1, and text] — New Zealand.

North Island, New Zealand. Believed extinct since about 1907.

Famity GRALLINIDAE'
Ernst Mayr
cf. Amadon, 1950, Emu, 50, pp. 123-127 (review).

SuBFAMILY GRALLININAE
Genus GRALLINA VieErLLot
Grallina Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p.42. Type, by monotypy,

Grallina melanoleuca Vieillot = Corvus cyanoleucus Latham.

Pomareopsis Oustalet, 1880, Bull. Ass. Sci. France, no. 11, p. 173.
Type, by monotypy, Pomareopsis semiatra idem ibid. = Gral-
lina bruijni Salvadori.

GRALLINA CYANOLEUCA
Magpie-lark
—— Grallina cyanoleuca (Latham)

Clorvus] cyanoleucus Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., suppl., p. xxv —
Sydney, New South Wales.

G[racula] picata Latham, ibid., p. xxix — New Holland.

Grallina cyanoleuca neglecta Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 372 — Parry’s Creek, North-West Australia.

All Australia; as straggler to Kei Islands (Novit. Zool., 1903,
p- 246; zbid., 1906, p. 304).

GRALLINA BRUIJNI

—— Grallina bruijni Salvadori

Grallina bruijni Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7, p. 929
— Arfak Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.

Symmorphus nigripectus De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rep. Brit. New
Guinea, 1893-94, p. 102 — Mt. Maneao, southeast New Guinea.
Mountainous districts of New Guinea: Tamrau, Arfak, Nassau,
Sepik, Saruwaged, Herzog Mountains, and mountains of south-
eastern New Guinea.

1 MS read by A. Keast and D. L. Serventy.

160 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

SuBFAMILY CORCORACINAE
GENUS CORCORAX LEsson

Corcorax Lesson, 1830, Traité Orn., livr.5, p.324. Type, by
monotypy, C. australis = Coracia melanorhamphos Vieillot.

CORCORAX MELANORHAMPHOS
White-winged Chough
Corcorax melanorhamphos (Vieillot)

Coracia melanorhamphos Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 8, p.2— New South Wales.

Corcorax melanorhamphos subniger Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool.,
18, p. 446 — Ringwood, Victoria.

Corcorax melanorhamphos whiteae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool.,
18, p. 446 — EKyre’s Peninsula, South Australia.

Southern Queensland (north about to Longreach-Rockhampton)
to South Australia (west along the coast about to Ceduna).

GEeNusS STRUTHIDEA GovuLp

Struthidea Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1, pl. 9.
Type, by monotypy, S. cinerea Gould.

STRUTHIDEA CINEREA
Apostle-bird; Grey Jumper

Struthidea cinerea Gould

Struthidea cinerea Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1,
pl. 9 — interior of New South Wales.

Struthidea cinerea swainsont Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 445 — Queensland (north).

Struthidea cinerea dalyi Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5,
p. 42 — Daly Waters, Northern Territory.

In the interior of Victoria, New South Wales, and southern
Queensland. Scattered in northern Queensland and Northern Ter-
ritory.

Famity ARTAMIDAE'
Ernst Mayr

cf. Stresemann, 1913, Novit. Zool., 20, pp. 289-293 (A. leu-
corhynchus).
Keast, 1958, Emu, 58, pp. 207-218 (Australian species).
1 MS read by H. G. Deignan, E. T. Gilliard, A. Keast, and D. L. Serventy.

FAMILY ARTAMIDAE 161

Genus ARTAMUS VIEILLor
Artamus Vieillot, 1816 (April), Analyse, p.41. Type, by mono-
typy, Langraien (Buffon) = Lanius leucorhynchus Linnaeus.

Angroyan Illiger, 1816 (late), Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1812,
p- 231. Type, by original designation, Loxia cyanoptera Latham.

Campbellornis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 113.
Type, by original designation, Ocypterus personatus Gould.

Austrartamus Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 114.
Type, by original designation, Artamus melanops Gould.

Pseudartamus Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian. Rec., 1, p. 114.
Type, by original designation, Loria cyanoptera Latham.

Micrartamus Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 114. Type,
by original designation, Artamus minor Vieillot.

ARTAMUS FUSCUS
Artamus fuscus Vieillot

Artamus fuscus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
17, p. 297 — Bengal.

Ceylon and India, east of a line from the Gulf of Cambay to
Simla, to Burma (south to the mouth of the Salween), Thailand
(south to lat. 12° N.), Indo-China, Hainan, and China, in southern
Yunnan, Kwangtung, and Kwangsi.

ARTAMUS LEUCORHYNCHUS
White-breasted Wood-Swallow

Artamus leucorhynchus pelewensis Finsch

Artamus pelewensis Finsch, 1876, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, 12, p.
41 — Palau Islands.

Palau Islands.

Artamus leucorhynchus leucorhynchus (Linnaeus)

Lanius leucoryn{chus] Linnaeus, 1771, Mantissa Plant., p. 524 —
Manila, Luzon.

Artamus leucoryn. macroterus Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 159, p. 53 — Sirhassen, Natuna Islands.

Philippines, Palawan group, Sulu Islands, north Bornean Islands,
Maratua, Borneo, and Natuna Islands.

?Artamus leucorhynchus amydrus Oberholser
Artamus leucoryn amydrus Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 54, p. 185 — Solombo Besar Island, Java Sea.
Sumatra, Banka, Biliton, islands of Java Sea, Kangean, Java,
and Bali. Doubtfully distinct from lewcorhynchus.

162 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Artamus leucorhynchus humei Stresemann

Artamus leucorhynchos humei Stresemann, 1913, Novit. Zool., 20,
p. 291 — South Andaman.

Andaman Islands and Great and Little Cocos Island.

Artamus leucorhynchus celebensis Briiggemann

Artamus leucorrhynchus (L.), var. celebensis Briiggemann, 1876,
Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, 5, p. 69 — Celebes.

Celebes and adjacent islands (Buton, Saleyer, Djampea), Lom-
bok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Sumba. Only slightly different from
albiventer.

Artamus leucorhynchus albiventer (Lesson)

Ocypterus albiventer Lesson (ex Valenciennes), 1830, Traité Orn.,
livr. 5, p. 370 — Timor.

Alor, Wetar, and Timor.

Artamus leucorhynchus musschenbroeki Meyer
Artamus Musschenbroeki A.B. Meyer, 1884, Abh. Naturwiss.,
Ges. Isis, Dresden, 1, p. 30 — Tenimber.
Tenimber and Babbar Islands.

Artamus leucorhynchus leucopysgialis Gould

Artamus leucopygialis Gould, 1842, Birds Australia, 2 (6), pl. 33
—Namoi River, New South Wales.

Artamus (Ocypterus) papuensis Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av.,
1 (1850), p. 344 — Utanata River and Triton Bay, southwest
New Guinea.

Artamus leucorhynchus parvirostris Hartert, 1899, Novit. Zool., 6,
p. 424 — Base of Cape York, N. Queensland.

Artamus leucorhynchus harterti Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 367 — Parry’s Creek, east Kimberley, NW. Australia.

Artamus leucorhynchus melvillensis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian
Rec., 1, p. 45 — Melville Island.

Moluccas; Kei Islands; Aru Islands; western Papuan Islands; all
New Guinea; Fergusson Island; northern Australia, in the west
along the coast south to Shark’s Bay, in the east coastally to
Manning River (N.S.W.) and inland to the Murray River. Variation
within this range is too irregular for subspecific recognition.

Artamus leucorhynchus melaleucus (Wagler)
L{eptopteryx| melaleuca Wagler, 1827, Syst. Av., Addit. Lep-
topteryx, spec. 1, p. 168 — New Caledonia.
New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands (Maré and Lifu).

FAMILY ARTAMIDAE 163

Artamus leucorhynchus tenuis Mayr

Artamus leucorhynchus tenuis Mayr, 1943, Auk, 60, p. 268 —
Gaua, Banks Is.

New Hebrides, from Efate to Espiritu Santo, and Banks Islands.

Artamus leucorhynchus mentalis Jardine

Artamus mentalis Jardine, 1845, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 16, p. 174
— No locality = Fiji Islands.

Northern Fiji from Yasawa and Viti Levu to Taviuni and Ngamia.

ARTAMUS MONACHUS

Artamus monachus monachus Bonaparte

Artamus (Ocypterus) monachus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1
(1850), p. 343 — Celebes.

Celebes and Banggai (subsp.?).

Artamus monachus sulaensis Neumann

Artamus monachus sulaensis Neumann, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
59, p. 156 — Taliabu, Sula.

Sula Islands (Taliabu, Mangoli, Besi).

. ARTAMUS MAXIMUS

Artamus maximus Meyer

Artamus maximus A. B. Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, math.-naturwiss. KI., 69, p. 203 — Hatam, Arfak Mts.

Artamus maximus wahgiensis Gyldenstolpe, 1955, Ark. f. Zool., 8,
p- 121 — Dagie, Wahgie Valley, central New Guinea. [E. Le.
Gilliard MS. |

Mountains of all New Guinea.

ARTAMUS INSIGNIS

Artamus insignis Sclater

Artamus insignis Sclater, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 101,
pl. 15 — New Ireland.

New Britain and New Ireland.

ARTAMUS PERSONATUS
Masked Wood-Swallow

Artamus personatus (Gould)

Ocypterus personatus Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840,
p. 149 — “southern and western Australia’ = York, Western
Australia.

Artamus gracilis Ingram, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 115 —
Alexandra, inland of Gulf of Carpentaria.

164 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Artamus personatus munna Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec.,
1, p. 94 — Moree, New South Wales.

Savanna woodlands throughout most of Australia, particularly
the interior. Absent in the southwest corner and rare in the southeast.

ARTAMUS SUPERCILIOSUS
White-browed Wood-Swallow
Artamus superciliosus (Gould)

Ocypterus superciliosus Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt.
1, pl. 1, fig. 2— “Interior of New South Wales” = Hunter
River.

Artamus phoeus Ingram, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 115 —
Alexandra, inland of Gulf of Carpentaria.

Campbellornis swperciliosus pallida Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian
Rec., 3, p. 61 — “South West Australia’.

Principally the less wooded portions of southeastern Australia,
east of the Darling River, and of southeastern Queensland. In
winter locally throughout Australia.

ARTAMUS CINEREUS
Black-faced Wood-Swallow
Artamus cinereus cinereus Vieillot

Artamus cinereus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
17, p. 297 — Timor.

Artamus (Ocypterus) perspicillatus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av.,
1 (1850), p. 344 — Timor.

Timor, Letti, Sermatta.

Artamus cinereus melanops Gould

Artamus melanops Gould, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 198
— Saint Becket’s Pool, lat. 28° 30’S., central Australia.

Artamus venustus Sharpe, 1878, in Rowley’s Orn. Misc., 3, p. 198
— Depot, Victoria River, Northern Territory.

Artamus florenciae Ingram, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 115
— Alexandra, Northern Territory.

Artamus tregellasi Mathews, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 27, p. 100
— Rockingham, southwestern Australia.

The inland parts of southeastern Australia, north of the Murray
River and west of the Great Dividing Range, central Australia,
southwestern and midwestern Australia, Kimberley districts, and
Northern Territory.

Artamus cinereus hypoleucus Sharpe
Artamus hypoleucus Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 17
—New name for Artamus albiventris Gould, not Ocypterus
albiventer Lesson, 1830.

FAMILY ARTAMIDAE 165

Artamus albiventris Gould, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 15,
p. 31 — Darling Downs, N.S.W.

Austrartamus melanops Normani Mathews, 1923, Birds Australia,
10, p. 255 — Normanton, Queensland.

From Darling Downs, south Queensland, to Cape York (except
area of inkermani); south New Guinea (Princess Marianne Straits).

Artamus cinereus inkermani Keast

Alrtamus]| cinereus inkermani Keast, 1958, Emu, 58, p. 214 —
Inkerman, Queensland.

The Duaringa-Inkerman area, central Queensland.

ARTAMUS CYANOPTERUS
Dusky Wood-Swallow

Artamus cyanopterus cyanopterus (Latham)
L{oxia| cyanoptera Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. 46 —
“New Holland’ = Sydney, New South Wales.
T\urdus| sordidus Latham, 1801, ibid., p. 43 — not Turdus sor-
didus P. L.S. Miller, 1776.

Tasmania, southeastern and eastern Australia, north to Cairns
and occasionally to Cape York.

Artamus cyanopterus perthi (Mathews)
Angroyan cyanopterus perthi Mathews, 1915, Austral Avian Rec.,
2, p. 131 — Perth, Western Australia.

Southwestern Australia, north to Geraldton, east to Fraser
Range, and inland to Wongan Hills and Kalgoorlie.

ARTAMUS MINOR
Little Wood-Swallow

Artamus minor Vieillot
Artamus minor Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
17, p.298— “Terres Australes’ = Shark’s Bay, western
Australia.
Artamus minor derbyi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 368 —
Derby, northwestern Australia.
Northern and central Australia, north of a line from the Murchison
River, Mt. Magnet, the Macdonnell Range to northern New South
Wales (New England).

166 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Famity CRACTICIDAE’

Dean Amadon
ef. Amadon, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1504 (revision).

GENUS CRACTICUS VI .or

Cracticus Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 37. Type, by monotypy, Cas-
sican — Calybé Buffon = Ramphastos cassicus Boddaert.

CRACTICUS MENTALIS
Black-backed Butcherbird'

——— Cracticus mentalis mentalis Salvadori and d’Albertis
Cracticus mentalis Salvadori and d’Albertis, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 7 (1875), p. 824 — Nicura [southeastern New Guinea].

Southeastern New Guinea, about from Port Moresby west to
Merauke.

Cracticus mentalis kempi Mathews

Cracticus mentalis kempi Mathews, 1912, Austra Avian Kec., 1,

p- 95 — Cape York. Type from Skull Creek, twenty miles south
of Cape York.

Cape York Peninsula south to Palmer River and Laura districts,
Queensland, Australia.

CRACTICUS TORQUATUS
Grey Butcherbird
Cracticus torquatus argenteus Gould

Cracticus argenteus Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840,
p. 126 — Northwest coast of Australia. Type from Port Es-
sington.

Cracticus torquatus colletti Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, -
p. 46 — Northern Territory. Type from Mary River.

Northern Territory, north of the central desert belt, and adjacent

parts of Western Australia (East Kimberley region).

--~Cracticus torquatus leucopterus Gould
Cracticus leucopterus Gould, 1848, Birds Australia, 1, p. xxxv —
Western Australia.
Cracticus torquatus ethelae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911),
p- 375 — Eyre’s Peninsula. Type from Mt. Dutton.’

1 T am indebted to H.T. Condon, Allen Keast, and D. L. Serventy for
assistance in the preparation of this list.

2 Name not cited in Mathews’ Systema.

FAMILY CRACTICIDAE 167

Cracticus torquatus colei Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1,
p-. 119 — Mallee, Victoria. Type from “Underwood” [= Un-
derbool, which is between Ouyen, northwestern Victoria, and
Pinaroo, South Australia].

Central Western Australia, east to Queensland (except Cape York
Peninsula), south to southwestern Australia, South Australia,
northern New South Wales, and western Victoria (Mallee country).

—Cracticus torquatus torquatus (Latham)

L{anius| torquatus Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xviii —
Australia.

Cracticus torquatus olindus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911),
p. 374 — Victoria. Type from Olinda.

Coastal southern Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria,
east and south of the Great Dividing Range.

—Cracticus torquatus cinereus (Gould)
Vanga cinerea Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1, pl. 2,
and text — Van Diemen’s Land [= Tasmania].
Tasmania.
CRACTICUS NIGROGULARIS!
Pied Butcherbird

Cracticus nigrogularis picatus Gould
Oracticus picatus Gould, 1848, Birds Australia, 2, pl. 50 — Port
Kssington, Northern Territory.
Cracticus nigrogularis tormenti Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian
Rec., 1, p. 46 — Napier Broome Bay, northwestern Australia.
Oracticus nigrogularis territori Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian
Rec., 2, p. 77 — Mount Shoobridge, Northern Territory.

Northern Territory, north of the central desert belt and adjacent
parts of Western Australia (East Kimberley region).

“ ——Cracticus nigrogularis kalgoorli Mathews

Oracticus nigrogularis kalgoorli Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
(1911), p. 374 — Kalgoorlie, West Australia. Type from ““Kur-
rawang, W. Kalgoorlie’.

Cracticus nigrogularis coongani Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian
Rec., 5, p. 35 — Coongan River, Mid-West Australia.

Central Australia and Western Australia except the extreme

north (range of picatus) and the humid southwest, but said to be
extending its range into the latter area.

Cracticus nigrogularis nigrogularis (Gould)
Vanga nigrogularis Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1,
pl. 3, fig. 2, and text — New South Wales.
S
J} For C. cassicus and C. louisiadensis see p. 284.

12

168 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cracticus nigrogularis inkermani Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18
(1911), p. 374 — Inkerman, [northern] Queensland.

Cracticus nigrogularis mellori Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18
(1911), p. 374 — South Australia.

Queensland, north at least to the Stewart River on Cape York
Peninsula, south through Victoria, west into South Australia.

CRACTICUS QUOYI
Black Butcherbird

_—-Cracticus quoyi quoyi (Lesson)
Barita Quoyi Lesson, 1827, Bull. Sci. Nat. (Férussac), 10, p. 289
— Dorey [= Dorei = Manokwari, Vogelkop], northwestern
New Guinea.
New Guinea and the islands of Misol, Salawati, Waigeu, and
Japen, off its west and northwest coasts.

Cracticus quoyi spaldingi Ramsay
Cracticus spaldingi Ramsay, 1878, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South
Wales, 2, p. 211 — Port Darwin, Northern Territory.

Cracticus quoyi tunneyi Hartert, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12, p. 228 —
Alligator River, Northern Territory.

Cracticus quoyi jardini Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1,
p. 94 — Cape York.

Coastal Northern Territory, Cape York Peninsula, and the Aru
Islands.

_—— Cracticus quoyi rufescens De Vis

Cracticus rufescens De Vis, 1883, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South
Wales, 7, p. 562 — Tully and Murray River Scrubs, northern
Queensland.

Northern Queensland, south of the Cape York Peninsula.

Genus GYMNORHINA Gray

Gymnorhina Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, p. 37. Type, by
original designation, Coracias tibicen Latham.

GYMNORHINA TIBICEN
Australian Magpie

__—- Gymnorhina tibicen papuana Bangs and Peters
Gymnorhina tibicen papuana Bangs and Peters, 1926, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 67, p. 431 — Princess Marianne Straits, southern
New Guinea.
Southern New Guinea from the area of Princess Marianne Straits
(opposite Frederik Hendrik Island) east to the Oriomo River.

FAMILY CRACTICIDAE 169

Gymnorhina tibicen eylandtensis White
Gymnorhina tibicen eylandtensis H. L. White, 1922, Emu, 21,
p. 163 — Groote Eylandt.

Groote Eylandt, in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory,
Australia.

__— Gymnorhina tibicen longirostris Milligan
Gymnorhina longirostris Milligan, 1903, Emu, 3, p. 96 — Ash-
burton River, northwestern Australia.
Gymnorhina tibicen longirostris Hartert, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12,
p. 230 — Nullagine, Western Australia.’
Western Australia between the De Grey and Ashburton River
systems.

Gymnorhina tibicen finki Mathews

Gymnorhina tibicen finki Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2,
p- 100 — Horseshoe Bend, Fink[e] River, Northern Territory.
Eucalypts along the dry rivers in northern South Australia and
Northern Territory in the vicinity of the McDonnell Ranges (Finke
River, Alice Springs), with scattered colonies in the semidesert
areas to the north.

Gymnorhina tibicen terraereginae (Mathews)

Cracticus tibicen terraereginae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18
(1911), p. 372 — Bartle Frere, [northern] Queensland.

Coastal savannahs of Northern Territory; Queensland from the
hills in central Cape York Peninsula south.

——Gymnorhina tibicen tibicen (Latham)
Cloracias] tibicen Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxvii —
New South Wales.
Cracticus tibicen intermissus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18
(1911), p. 372 — Victoria. The type is from Bendigo.

Cracticus hypoleucus intermedius Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18
(1911), p. 373 — New South Wales. The type is from Cooma.
New South Wales, Victoria north of the Dividing Range, west
into the drier interior of South Australia. Intergrading or hy-
bridizing with the following race in the area from southern New
South Wales and Port Augusta south to Great Dividing Range in
Victoria.

Gymnorhina tibicen leuconota? Gould
Gymnorhina leuconota Gould, 1844, Birds Australia, 2, pl. 47 —
South Australia.
1 Hartert was unaware of Milligan’s description and used the same name
by coincidence.

2 Some prefer to retain lewconota, and perhaps dorsalis and even hypoleuca
of Tasmania as distinct species.

12*

170 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

South-central and southeastern South Australia from Fowler’s
Bay, the southern Eyre Peninsula, and Port Augusta, east into
Victoria, south of the Great Dividing Range.

Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis Campbell

G[ymnorhina] dorsalis Campbell, 1895, Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria,
new ser., 7, p. 206 — Southwestern Australia.

Southwestern Australia, north to the Murchison River and
southeast to Madura.

Gymnorhina tibicen hypoleuca (Gould)

Cracticus hypoleucus Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1,
pl. 4, fig. 1, and text — Van Diemen’s Land [= Tasmania].

Tasmania.

Genus STREPERA Lesson

Strepera Lesson, 1830 or 1831, Traité Orn., livr. 5, p. 329. Type,
by tautonomy, Coracias strepera Latham = Corvus graculinus

J. White.

— STREPERA GRACULINA
Pied Currawong

Strepera graculina robinsoni Mathews
Strepera graculina robinsoni Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18
(1911), p.443— North Queensland. The type is from the
Johnstone River, south of Cairns.
Strepera graculina magnirostris H. L. White, 1923, Emu, 22,
p. 258 — Coen, Cape York Peninsula.
Queensland.

Strepera graculina graculina (White)
Corvus Graculinus John White, 1790, Journ. Voy. New South
Wales, p. 251 — [New South Wales].
New South Wales.

Strepera graculina ashbyi Mathews

Strepera graculina ashbyi Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec., 2,
p. 78 — Black Spur, Victoria.

Neostrepera versicolor riordani Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian
Rec., 2, p. 78 — Geelong, Victoria. Type from Airey’s Inlet,
near Geelong.

Strepera graculina grampianensis Ashby, 1927, Emu, 26, p. 291
— Grampian Range, western Victoria.

Victoria.

FAMILY CRACTICIDAE 171

oa

Strepera graculina crissalis Sharpe
Strepera crissalis Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds British Mus., 3, p. 58
— Lord Howe Island.

Lord Howe Island, east of Australia.

STREPERA FULIGINOSA!
Black Currawong

Strepera fuliginosa (Gould)

Coronica fuliginosa Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1,
pl. 5, fig. 1, and text — Van Diemen’s Land = Tasmania.

Strepera fuliginosa colec Mathews, 1916, Austral Avian Rec., 3,
p. 63 — King Island, Bass Strait.

Tasmania and King Island, Bass Strait.

STREPERA VERSICOLOR
Gray Currawong

Strepera versicolor versicolor (Latham)

Clorvus] versicolor Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxv —
Australia.

Strepera versicolor vieilloti Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911),
p. 444 — Victoria. The type is from Olinda.

New South Wales (except inland) and eastern Victoria.

Strepera versicolor centralia (Mathews)

Neostrepera versicolor centralia Mathews, 1916, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Club, 36, p. 92 — Everard Ranges, Central Australia.

Everard and Musgrave Ranges, northern South Australia.

Strepera versicolor plumbea Gould

Strepera plumbea Gould, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 20 —
Western Australia.

Southwestern Australia north to about lat. 26° S.

Strepera versicolor howei Mathews

Strepera melanoptera howei Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18 (1911),
p. 444 — Kow Plains, Victoria.

Mallee country of northwestern Victoria and adjacent South
Australia.

Strepera versicolor melanoptera Gould

Strepera melanoptera Gould, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 20
— South Australia.

1 Perhaps a race of S. graculina.

172 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Strepera melanoptera halmaturina Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18
(1911), p.444— Kangaroo Island. The type is from the
Middle River.

Southeastern South Australia, east of the Gulf of St. Vincent;
Kangaroo Island.

Strepera versicolor intermedia Sharpe
Strepera intermedia Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds British Mus., 3,
p. 59 — Port Lincoln, South Australia.

Strepera fusca Ashby, 1905, Emu, 5, p. 27 — Yorke and Eyre
Peninsulas, South Australia.

Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas, South Australia.

Strepera versicolor arguta Gould!

Strepera arguta Gould, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 19 —
Van Diemen’s Land [= Tasmania].

Tasmania.

Famity PTILONORHYNCHIDAE’
Ernst Mayr

cf. Mathews, 1926, Birds Australia, 12, pp. 296-363.
Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, pp. 183-187.
Mayr and Jennings, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1602, pp.
1-18 (Australian species).
Stresemann, 1953, Vogelwarte, 16, pp. 148-154 (breeding
biology).
Marshall, 1954, Bowerbirds, pp. 1-208.

Genus AILUROEDUS Capanis

Ailuroedus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 213, note. Type, by
monotypy, Ptilonorhynchus Smithii Vigors and Horsfield =
Lanius crassirostris Paykull.

Buccokitta Mathews, 1926, Birds Australia, 12 (7), p. 313. Type,
by original designation, Kitta buccoides 'Temminck.

ef. Rand, 1942, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79, pp. 352-354
(habits).

1 Usually treated as a separate species but seems to differ from S. v. inter-

media (as noted by Gould) only in its moderately larger size.

2 MS read by E. T. Gilliard, Allen Keast, A. L. Rand, D. L. Serventy, and
E. Stresemann.

FAMILY PTILONORHYNCHIDAE 173

AILUROEDUS BUCCOIDES

Ailuroedus buccoides oorti Rothschild and Hartert
Ailuroedus buccoides oorti Rothschild and Hartert, 1913, Novit.
Zool., 20, p. 526 — Waigeu.
Western Papuan Islands (Waigeu, Batanta, Salawati) and
western New Guinea, Vogelkop and coast of Geelvink Bay to the
Siriwo River.

Ailuroedus buccoides buccoides (Temminck)
Kitta buccoides Temminck, 1835, Pl. Col., livr. 97, pl. 575 — Lobo,
Triton Bay.
e South New Guinea from Triton Bay eastward to the upper Fly
iver.

Ailuroedus buccoides stonii Sharpe
Aeluraedus stonit Sharpe, 1876, Nature, 14, p. 339 — Laloki
River, southeast New Guinea.
South coast of southeast New Guinea from Hall Sound to the
Port Moresby district.

Ailuroedus buccoides geislerorum Meyer
Aeluroedus geislerorum A. B. Meyer, 1891, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dres-
den, 3 (1890-1891), no. 4, p. 12 — Astrolabe Bay (restricted
by Rothschild and Hartert, 1929, Novit. Zool., 35, p. 59) and
northern coast of Huon Gulf (Lolebu and Bussum).
Ailuroedus buccoides molestus Rothschild and Hartert, 1929, Novit.
Zool., 35, p. 59 — Haidana, Collingwood Bay.
Japen Island and northern New Guinea from the Mamberano
River to Collingwood Bay.

AILUROEDUS CRASSIROSTRIS
Green Catbird

Ailuroedus crassirostris crassirostris (Paykull)

Lanius crassirostris Paykull, 1815, Nov. Act. Reg. Soc. Sci. Up-
sala, 7, p. 283 — “Nova Hollandia” [= Sydney, New South
Wales].

Coracina viridis Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
8, p. 9 — “Nouvelle Hollande” [= Sydney, New South Wales].

Ailuroedus crassirostris blaauwi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p- 439 — Richmond River, northern New South Wales.

Forests of eastern Australia from southern New South Wales

(Shoalhaven River) to southern Queensland (Bunya Mountains,
Blackall Range).

174 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Ailuroedus crassirostris maculosus Ramsay

Aeluroedus maculosus Ramsay, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 601 — Cardwell, Rockingham Bay, Queensland.

Ailuroedus melanotus fairfaxi Mathews, 1915, Austral Avian Rec.,
2, p. 132 — Bellenden Ker.

Ailuroedus melanotis joanae Mathews, 1941, Emu, 40, p. 384 —
“Cape York” [= Rocky Scrub District, North Queensland].

Cairns district in north Queensland from Cardwell to Kuranda
and Cedar Bay.

Ailuroedus crassirostris melanotis (Gray)

Ptilonorhynchus melanotis G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 181 — Aru Islands.

Aru Islands and south New Guinea (Oriomo River and lower and
middle Fly River).

Ailuroedus crassirostris melanocephalus Ramsay

Aeluraedus melanocephalus Ramsay, 1882, Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales, 8, p. 25 — Astrolabe Mts., southeast New Guinea.

Mountains of southeastern New Guinea, westward in the south
to the Angabunga River and in the north to Mt. Misim (Morobe
district).

Ailuroedus crassirostris facialis Mayr

Ailuroedus crassirostris facialis Mayr, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 869, p. 4 — Snow Mts. (Utakwa River), Dutch New Guinea.

Nassau and Oranje Mountains, Dutch New Guinea.

Ailuroedus crassirostis guttaticollis Stresemann
Ailuroedus melanotis guttaticollis Stresemann, 1922, Orn. Monatsb.,
30, p. 35 — Hunsteinspitze, Sepik Mountains.
Sepik and (subsp.?) Hagen Mountains.

Ailuroedus crassirostris astigmaticus Mayr
Ailuroedus melanotis astigmaticus Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 17, p. 647 — Ogeramnang, Saruwaged Mts.
Mountains of the Huon Peninsula (from 1,400 m. to 1,800 m.),
northeastern New Guinea.

Ailuroedus crassirostris jobiensis Rothschild
Aeluroedus jobiensis Rothschild, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL. 4, p. 26
—‘‘Jobi Island’, in error, probably for mainland of New
Guinea east of Geelvink Bay.
Weyland Mountains (?) and mountains on upper Mamberano
(Idenburg River); Adelbert Mountains, Astrolabe Bay (subsp. ?).

FAMILY PTILONORHYNCHIDAE 175

Ailuroedus crassirostris arfakianus Meyer

Ailuroedus arfakianus A.B. Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, math.-naturwiss. K]., 69 (1), p. 82 — Arfak Moun-
tains, 3,500 ft.

Arfak Mts., Vogelkop.

Ailuroedus crassirostris misoliensis Mayr and de Schauensee

Ailuroedus crassirostris misoliensis Mayr and de Schauensee, 1939,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 91, p. 152 — Tip, Misol.

Misol Island, western Papuan Islands.

Genus SCENOPOEETES Covgs
Scenopoeetes Coues, 1891, Auk, 8, p. 115 (new name for Scenopoeus
Ramsay, 1875). Type, by monotypy, S. dentirosiris Ramsay.

Scenopoeus Ramsay, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875, p. 591.
Type, by monotypy, 8S. dentirostris Ramsay. Preoccupied by
Scenopoeus Agassiz, 1848.

SCENOPOEETES DENTIROSTRIS
Tooth-billed Bowerbird

Scenopoeetes dentirostris (Ramsay)

Scenopoeus dentirostris Ramsay, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1875, p. 591 — Bellenden Ker Range (3,000-4,000 feet), North
Queensland.

Scenopoeetes dentirostris minor Mathews, 1915, Austral Avian
Rec., 2, p. 132 — Johnstone River, North Queensland.

North Queensland rain forest from the Cairns district south to
the Seaview Range (near Rollingstone).

Genus ARCHBOLDIA Ranp
Archboldia Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072, p. 9. Type,
by original designation, Archboldia papuensis Rand.

ef. Gilliard, 1959, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1935, pp. 1-18 (court-
ship).

ARCHBOLDIA PAPUENSIS

Archboldia papuensis papuensis Rand
Archboldia papuensis Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1072,
p- 9 — Bele River (2,200 m.), 18 km. north of Lake Habbema,
Snow Mountains.
Known only from the area between Lake Habbema (Oranje
Mountains), the Idenburg River, and Wissel Lake, Netherlands
New Guinea.

176 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Archboldia papuensis sanfordi Mayr and Gilliard
Archboldia papuensis sanfordi Mayr and Gilliard, 1950, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1473, p. 1—Southwestern slope of Mount
Hagen, 4 miles west of Tomba, Central Highlands, Mandated
Territory of New Guinea.
Known from the type locality and from Mt. Giluwe (8,500—9,000
feet), 20 miles southwest of Mount Hagen.

Genus AMBLYORNIS ELtiot

Amblyornis Elliot, 1872, Ibis, p.113. Type, by monotypy,
Ptilorhynchus inornatus Schlegel.
cf. Mayr and Rand, 1937, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 73, pp.
204-209 (biology).
Mayr and Gilliard, 1954, cbid., 103, pp. 363-364 (A. macgre-
goriae).

AMBLYORNIS INORNATUS

Amblyornis inornatus (Schlegel)
Ptilorhynchus inornatus Schlegel, 1871, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk.,
(1873), p. 51 — Interior of the Vogelkop [= Arfak Mts.].
Mountains of the Vogelkop (Arfak, Tamrau) and the Wandam-
men Mountains, northwestern New Guinea.

AMBLYORNIS MACGREGORIAE

Amblyornis macgregoriae mayri Hartert
Amblyornis inornatus mayri Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 30
— ‘Probably Karon, northern Vogelkop”’; error for Weyland
Mts.
Amblyornis inornatus longicristatus Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 17, p. 649 — Mt. Goliath, Oranje Range.

Weyland, Tabi, Nassau, and Oranje Mountains.

Amblyornis macgregoriae macgregoriae De Vis
Amblyornis macgregoriae De Vis, 1890 (Feb. 22), Ann. Rep. Brit.
New Guinea, 1888-1889, p. 61 — Musgrave Range.
Amblyornis musgravii Goodwin, 1890 (April 1), Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1889, p. 451 — Mt. Belford, Musgrave Range.
Amblyornis inornatus aedificans Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Ber-
lin, 17, p. 648 — Dawong, Herzog Mountains.
Hindenburg Mountains, Schraderberg, Mount Hagen, Mount
Kubor, Wahgi Divide, Herzog Mountains, and mountains of south-
eastern New Guinea.

FAMILY PTILONORHYNCHIDAE 177

Amblyornis macgregoriae germanus Rothschild
Amblyornis subalaris germanus Rothschild, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 27, p. 13 — Rawlinson Mts.
Mountains of the Huon Peninsula (Saruwaged Range), northeast
New Guinea.
AMBLYORNIS SUBALARIS

Amblyornis subalaris Sharpe
Amblyornis subalaris Sharpe, 1884, Journ. Linn. Soc. London,
Zool., 17, p. 408 — Astrolabe Mountains, British New Guinea.

Mountains of southeastern New Guinea.

AMBLYORNIS FLAVIFRONS

Amblyornis flavifrons Rothschild
Amblyornis flavifrons Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool., 2, p. 480
(fig. Novit. Zool., 3, pl. 1, figs. 3 and 4) — “‘Dutch New Guinea’”’.
Range unknown, but probably somewhere in Dutch New Guinea
or the western Papuan Islands.

GENUS PRIONODURA Dz Vis

Prionodura De Vis, 1883, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 7,
p. 561. Type, by monotypy, P. Newtoniana De Vis.

Corymbicola De Vis, 1889 (30 March), The Queenslander. Type,
by monotypy, C. mestoni De Vis.

cf. Chisholm and Chaffer, 1956, Emu, 56, pp. 1-39 (courtship).

PRIONODURA NEWTONIANA
Golden Bowerbird
Prionodura newtoniana De Vis

Prionodura Newtoniana De Vis, 1883, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South
Wales, 7, p. 562 — Tully River Scrubs, North Queensland.

Corymbicola mestoni De Vis, 1889 (30 March), The Queenslander
— Bellenden Ker Range, Queensland.

Prionodura newtoniana fairfaxi Mathews, 1915, Austral Avian
Rec., 2, p. 133 — Bartlefrere, Quensland.

Forest in the Cairns district, North Queensland.

Genus SERICULUS Swatyson

Sericulus Swainson, 1825, Zool. Journ., 1 (4), p. 476. Type, by
monotypy, Meliphaga chrysocephalus Lewin.

Xanthomelus Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
38, p. 262. Type, by original designation, Oriolus aureus =
Coracias aurea L.

178 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

SERICULUS AUREUS

Sericulus aureus aureus (Linnaeus)

Coracias aurea Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 108 —
“Asia”, error for Vogelkop, northwestern New Guinea (re-
stricted type locality).

Northwestern New Guinea (Vogelkop, Wandammen), Onin
Peninsula (Fak-fak), head of Geelvink Bay (Gebroeders Mountains),
and Idenburg River (upper Mamberano).

Sericulus aureus ardens (D’Albertis and Salvadori)

Xanthomelus ardens D’Albertis and Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genova, 14, p. 113 — Upper Fly River (430 m.).

Southern New Guinea from the Wataikwa River eastward to the
upper Fly River and the Wassikussa River.

SERICULUS BAKERI

Sericulus bakeri (Chapin)

Xanthomelus bakeri Chapin, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 367,
p. 1 — “Madang, Astrolabe Bay” = Adelbert Mountains, above
3,000 feet, above Maratambu Village.

Adelbert Mountains, 40 kilometers northwest of Madang, northern
New Guinea.

SERICULUS CHRYSOCEPHALUS
Regent Bowerbird

Sericulus chrysocephalus chrysocephalus (Lewin)

Meliphaga chrysocephala Lewin, 1808, Birds New Holland, pl. 6,
p. 10 — New South Wales.

From Gosford (near Broken Bay), New South Wales, north to
southern Queensland (Macpherson Range).

Sericulus chrysocephalus rothschildi Mathews

Sericulus chrysocephalus rothschildi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool.,
18, p. 441 — Blackall Range, South Queensland.

South Queensland (Blackall Range and Bunya Mountains).

Genus PTILONORHYNCHUS Kua

Ptilonorhynchus Kuhl, 1820, Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat., Abth. 1,
p. 150. Type, by monotypy, P. holosericeus Kuhl = Pyrrho-
corax violaceus Vieillot.

Kitta Temminck, 1826, Planch. Col., livr. 67, pl. 395. Type, by
original designation, P. holosericeus Kuhl = P. violaceus Vieillot.

FAMILY PTILONORHYNCHIDAE 179

PTILONORHYNCHUS VIOLACEUS
Satin Bowerbird

Ptilonorhynchus violaceus violaceus (Vieillot)

Pyrrhocorax violaceus Vieillot, 1816, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 6, p. 569 — “Nouvelle Hollande” [= Sydney, New South
Wales].

Southern Queensland to forests of Otway Peninsula, Victoria.

Ptilonorhynchus violaceus minor Campbell
Ptilonorhynchus minor A. J. Campbell, 1912, Emu, 12, p. 19 —
Herberton, Queensland.
Cairns district, northern Queensland.

Genus CHLAMYDERA GovuLp

Chlamydera Gould, 1837, Birds Australia, pt. 1, text to plate 3,
note. Type, by monotypy, Calodera maculata Gould.

Rogersornis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 117. Type,
by original designation, Ptilonorhynchus, nuchalis Jardine and
Selby.

Alphachlamydera Mathews, 1914, Austral Avian Rec., 2, p. 112.
Type, by original designation, Chlamydera cerviniventris Gould

Pseudochlamydera Mathews, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, p. 60.
Type, by original designation, Chlamydera lauterbachi Rei-
chenow.

cf. Gilliard, 1959, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1936, pp. 1-8 (court-
ship).

CHLAMYDERA MACULATA
Spotted Bowerbird

~ Chlamydera maculata maculata (Gould)

Calodera maculata Gould, 1837, Synops. Birds Australia, pt. 1,
pl. 6 — ‘New Holland’ [= Liverpool Plains, New South
Wales].

Chlamydodera occipitalis Gould, 1875, Ann. Mag. Hist. Nat., ser.
4, 16, p. 429 — “North Queensland” [= Port Albany, North
Queensland].

Chlamydera maculata clelandi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 439 — South Australia.

Chlamydera maculata sedani Mathews, 1913, Austral Avian Rec.,
2, p. 78 — Cloncurry River, Queensland.

The drier inland country of Queensland (north almost to Charters

Towers), New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia (lower
Murray Valley to Swan Reach).

180 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Chlamydera maculata guttata Gould

Chlamydera guttata Gould, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 162
— ‘North-West Australia’, probably upper Fortescue River.

Chlamydera maculata subguttata Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 440 — East Murchison, West Australia.

Chlamydera maculata macdonaldi [sic] Mathews, 1913, Austral
Avian Rec., 2, p. 78 — Macdonnell Ranges, Central Australia.

Chlamydera maculata nova Mathews, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
40, p. 76 — North-West Cape, Mid-West Australia.

Chlamydera maculata carteri Mathews, 1920, Ibis, p. 499 — new

name for nova.

Mid-western Australia, from the Pilbara district south to the
middle reaches of the Gascoyne River, Meekatharra, and Malcolm,
east to Lake Carnegie; separated by the Gibson desert from* the
Central Australian range: Macdonnell Ranges and Alice Springs
area, south to the Everard Range, and west to the Rawlinson
Range.

— CHLAMYDERA NUCHALIS
Great Grey Bowerbird
Chlamydera nuchalis oweni Mathews

Chlamydera nuchalis oweni Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p.
440 — Point Torment, northwestern Australia.

Northwestern Australia (West and East Kimberley Districts),
south to Fitzroy River and Hall’s Creek.

Chlamydera nuchalis nuchalis (Jardine and Selby)
Ptilonorhynchus nuchalis Jardine and Selby, 1830, Ill. Orn., 2,
pl. 103 — Port Darwin district of Northern Territory [De-
signated type locality by Mayr and Jennings (1952, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1602, p. 11)].
Chlamydera nuchalis melvillensis Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian
Rec., 1, p. 52 — Melville Island.
From Northern Territory north of Mataranka and Birdum to
the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria (west of Flinders River); Groote
Eylandt and Melville Island.

Chlamydera nuchalis yorki Mayr and Jennings.
Chlamydera nuchalis yorki Mayr and Jennings, 1952, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1602, p. 14 — Utingu, Cape York.
Cape York and adjacent portions of northern Queensland, south
about to Cooktown.
Chlamydera nuchalis orientalis Gould
Chlamydodera orientalis Gould, 1879, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
5, 4, p. 74— Port Denison, Queensland.
North Queensland (except Cape York), from Cairns to Bowen,
inland to Charters Towers and west to Burketown.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 181

CHLAMYDERA LAUTERBACHI

— — Chlamydera lauterbachi lauterbachi Reichenow

Chlamydodera lauterbachi Reichenow, 1897, Orn. Monatsb., 5,
p. 24 — Jagei River, upper Ramu, German New Guinea.

Valleys of the Ramu and Sepik, northern New Guinea.

Chlamydera lauterbachi uniformis Rothschild

Chlamydera lauterbachi uniformis Rothschild, 1931, Novit. Zool.,
36, p. 250 — Siriwo River, head of Geelvink Bay.

Siriwo River, and south New Guinea from the Kamura River
eastward, probably as far as the Digul River.

CHLAMYDERA CERVINIVENTRIS
Fawn-breasted Bowerbird

~— Chlamydera cerviniventris Gould

Chlamydera cerviniventris Gould, 1850, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., p.
100 (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1850, p.201)— Cape York,
N. Queensland.

Alphachlamydera cerviniventris nova Mathews, 1915, Austral
Avian Rec., 2, p. 132 — ““New Guinea’’.

Cape York Peninsula, islands of Torres Straits and eastern New
Guinea westward in the south to the Wassikussa River, in the
north as far as Humboldt Bay and Sentani Lake. Supposedly also
Sudest Island (see De Vis, 1892, Ann. Queensland Mus., no. 2,

pao):

Famity PARADISAEIDAE!
Ernst Mayr

cf. Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, pp. 167-183.
Schonwetter, 1944, Beitr. Fortpfl.-biol. Vogel, 20, pp. 1-18
(eggs).
Mayr, 1945, Natural History, pp. 264-276 (phylogeny).
Stresemann, 1954, Journ. f. Orn., 95, pp. 263-291 (history).

SUBFAMILY CNEMOPHILINAE
cf. Bock, (MS).
Gilliard, (MS).
Genus LORIA Satvapori

Loria Salvadori, 1894, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, 14, p. 151.
Type, by monotypy, L. loriae Salvadori.

1 MS read by E. T. Gilliard, G. C. A. Junge, and A. L. Rand.

182 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

LORIA LORIAE

— Loria loriae inexpectata Junge

Loria loriae inexpectata Junge, 1939, Nova Guinea, (N.S.), 3 p. 77
— Bijenkorf, Oranje Mountains.

Nassau, Oranje, Hindenburg, and Victor Emanuel Mountains.

Loria loriae loriae Salvadori

Loria loriae Salvadori, 1894 (May), Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2,
14, p. 151 — Moroka, Owen Stanley Range.

Cnemophilus mariae De Vis, 1894 (late), Ann. Rep. Brit. New
Guinea, 1893-94, p. 104 — Mt. Maneao, southeast New Guinea.

Mountains of southeast New Guinea, Herzog Mountains, and
Weyland Mountains.

Loria loriae amethystina Stresemann

Loria loria amethystina Stresemann, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42,
p- 144 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains.

Mountains of north-central New Guinea: Sepik Mountains
(Schraderberg), Hagen, Kubor, and Bismarck Mountains.

GENus LOBOPARADISEA RotTHScHILD

Loboparadisea Rothschild, 1896, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 15.
Type, by monotypy, L. sericea Rothchild.

LOBOPARADISEA SERICEA

Loboparadisea sericea sericea Rothschild

Loboparadisea sericea Rothschild, 1896, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6,
p. 16 — “Dutch New Guinea’. The type was bought at Kurudu
Island and had presumably come from the Weyland Mts.

Weyland, Nassau (Utakwa River), Oranje (Mount Goliath), and
Victor Emanuel Mountains.

Loboparadisea sericea aurora Mayr

Loboparadisea sericea aurora Mayr, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p.
147 — Dawong, Herzog Mountains.

Herzog Mountains, and perhaps mountains of the Wahgi region.

GrENus CNEMOPHILUS Dz Vis

Cnemophilus De Vis, 1890, Ann. Rep. Brit. New Guinea, 1888-89,
p. 5 (dated August 23, 1889), App. C, p. 62. Type, by mono-
typy, C. macgregorit De Vis.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 183

CNEMOPHILUS MACGREGORII
“> Cnemophilus macgregorii macgregorii De Vis

Cnemophilus macgregorii De Vis, 1890 (Feb. 22), Ann. Rep. Brit.

New Guinea, 1888-1889, p. 62 — Mt. Knutsford, Owen Stan-
ley Range.

Xanthomelus macgregori Goodwin, 1890 (April), Ibis, p. 153 —
Mt. Musgrave, Owen Stanley Range.

Known only from the mountains of southeastern New Guinea
from Mt. Knutsford west to the Wharton Range.

Cnemophilus macgregorii sanguineus Iredale

Cnemophilus macgregorit sanguineus Iredale, 1948, Australian
Zoologist, 11, p. 162 — Kumdi, Mount Hagen district.

Central New Guinea: Hagen and Bismarck Mountains.

Cnemophilus macgregorii kuboriensis Mayr and Gilliard

Cnemophilus macgregorii kuboriensis Mayr and Gilliard, 1954,

Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 103, p. 361 — Mt. Orata, Kubor
Mountains.

Central New Guinea; Kubor Mountains.

SuBFAMILY PARADISAEINAE

Genus MACGREGORIA De Vis!

Macgregoria De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 251. Type, by monotypy,
M. pulchra De Vis.

cf. Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1073, pp. 1-7 (habits).

MACGREGORIA PULCHRA
Macgregoria pulchra pulchra De Vis

Macgregoria pulchra De Vis, 1897, Ibis, p. 251, pl. 7 — Mt.
Scratchley, southeastern New Guinea.

Mountains of southeastern New Guinea (Mt. Scratchley, Mt. Vic-
toria, Mt. Batchelor, Murray Pass, and Mt. Albert Edward).

Macégregoria pulchra carolinae Junge
Macgregoria pulchra carolinae Junge, 1939, Nova Guinea, (N.S.),
3, p. 82 — Oranje Mountains (3,800 m.).
Central New Guinea: Oranje Mountains.

1 Possibly belonging to the Cnemophilinae (Bock, MS).
13

184 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus LYCOCORAX Bonaparte
Lycocorax Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 37,

p. 829. Type, by original designation, Corvus pyrrhopterus
Bonaparte.

LYCOCORAX PYRRHOPTERUS

Lycocorax pyrrhopterus obiensis Bernstein
Lycocorax obiensis Bernstein, 1864, Journ. f. Orn., 12, p. 410 —
Obi.
Moluceas: Obi Island.

Lycocorax pyrrhopterus pyrrhopterus (Bonaparte)
Clorvus| pyrrhopterus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 384 — Gilolo.
Northern Moluccas: Batjan, Halmahera.

Lycocorax pyrrhopterus morotensis Schlegel
Lycocorax morotensis Schlegel, 1863, Ibis, p. 119 — Mortay.
Northern Moluccas: Morotai, Rau.

GEeNus MANUCODIA BoppaAErtT

Manucodia Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. enlum., p. 39, no. 634. Type,
by monotypy, WM. chalybea Boddaert = P. chalybata Pennant.
[Masculine, from old Javanese; ““manukdewa’’ — bird of the
gods].

Eucorax Sharpe, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, p. 15. Type, by
monotypy, Manucodia comrii Sclater.

cf. Gilliard, 1956, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1770, pp. 1-12 (J. ater).

MANUCODIA ATER

Manucodia ater ater (Lesson)
Phonygama ater Lesson, 1830, Voy. Coquille, Zool., 1, p. 638 —
Dorey, northwestern New Guinea.
Misol, Gebe, Salawati, Batanta, Gemien, Waigeu, and Western
New Guinea, from the Vogelkop eastward in the north to the Huon
Gulf, and in the south to about the Fly River delta.

Manucodia ater subalter Rothschild and Hartert
Manucodia ater subalter Rothschild and Hartert, 1929, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 49, p. 110 — Dobbo, Aru Islands.
Aru Islands and eastern New Guinea, westward on the south
coast to about the Fly River delta, along the north coast to the
Kumusi River.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 185

Manucodia ater alter Rothschild and Hartert
Manucodia ater altera Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool.,
10, p. 84 — Sudest Island.
Tagula Island, Louisiade Archipelago.

MANUCODIA JOBIENSIS

Manucodia jobiensis jobiensis Salvadori
Manucodia jobiensis Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7
(1875), p. 969 — Wonapi, Jobi Island.
Japen Island, Geelvink Bay.

Manucodia jobiensis rubiensis Meyer
Manucodia rubiensis A. B. Meyer, 1885, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn., 2,
p. 374 — Rubi, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea.
From the head of Geelvink Bay (Rubi, Siriwo, Waropen) south
e the Setekwa River, eastward to Astrolabe Bay and the upper
amu.

MANUCODIA CHALYBATUS

- Manucodia chalybatus (Pennant)

Paradisea Chalybata Pennant, 1781, Spec. Faun. Ind., in Forster’s
Indian Zool., p. 40 — (based on Daubenton, Pl. Enlum., pl.
634). — ““New Guinea’’, restricted to the Arfak Mts.

Manucodia orientalis Salvadori, 1896, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 2, 16, p. 103 — Gerekanumu, Astrolabe Mts.

Misol and all New Guinea.

MANUCODIA COMRII

Manucodia comrii comrii Sclater
Manucodia comrii Sclater, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 459,
pl. 42 — “Huon Gulf’, error for Fergusson Island.
D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago: Fergusson, Goodenough, and Nor-
manby Islands.

Manucodia comrii trobriandi Mayr

Manucodia comrii trobriandi Mayr, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
869, p. 3 — Kaileuna, Trobriand Islands.

Trobriand Islands: Kiriwina and Kaileuna Islands.

GENus PHONYGAMMUS Lesson And GARNOT

Phonygammus Lesson and Garnot, 1826, Bull. Sci. Nat. (Férus-
sac), 8, p.110—Type, by monotypy, Barita Keraudreni
Lesson and Garnot. [Originally described as subgenus. ]

13*

186 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PHONYGAMMUS KERAUDRENII

Phonygammus keraudrenii keraudrenii (Lesson and Garnot)

Barita Keraudrenii Lesson and Garnot, 1826, Bull. Sci. Nat.
(Férussac), 8, p. 110 — Dorey, northwestern New Guinea.

Western New Guinea: Vogelkop, Onin Peninsula, and Weyland
Mountains. .

Phonygammus keraudrenii jamesii Sharpe

Phonygama jamesii Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 181
— Aleya, Hall Sound, British New Guinea.

Aru Islands; southern New Guinea from the Mimika River in
the west, eastward at least to Hall Sound.

Phonygammus keraudrenii purpureoviolaceus Meyer

Phonygama purpureo-violacea A. B. Meyer, 1885, Zeitschr. ges.
Orn., 2, p. 375, pl. 15 — Astrolabe Mts.

Mountains of southeastern New Guinea.

Phonygammus keraudrenii mayri Greenway

Phonygammus keraudrenii mayri Greenway, 1942, Proc. New Eng-
land Zool. Club, 19, p.51— Wau, Morobe District, north-
eastern New Guinea.

Northeastern New Guinea: Morobe District.

Phonygammus keraudrenii neumanni Reichenow

Phonygammus neumanni Reichenow, 1918, Journ. f. Orn., 66,
p. 438 — Lordberg.

Northern New Guinea: Lordberg (1,500 m.), Sepik Mountains,
and (?) Jimi River Valley, Bismarck Mountains.

Phonygammus keraudrenii hunsteini Sharpe

Phonygama Hunsteini Sharpe, 1882, Journ. Linn. Soc. London,
Zool., 16, p. 442 — “East Cape, New Guinea’’, error for Nor-
manby Island, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago.

Manucodia thomsoni Tristram, 1889, Ibis, p. 554 — D’Entre-
casteaux Archipelago.

D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago: Fergusson, Goodenough, and Nor-
manby Islands.

Phonygammus keraudrenii gouldii (Gray)

Manucodia gouldii Gray, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, note,
p. 158 (fig. Gould, Suppl., pl. 9) — Cape York.

Phonygammus yorki Mathews, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 45,
p. 17 — Black Gin Creek, Cape York.

Northern Queensland.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 187

Genus PTILORIS Swatnson

Ptiloris Swainson, 1825, Zool. Journ., 1 (4), p.479. Type, by
monotypy, Ptilorts paradiseus Swainson.

Craspedophora Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1, add. and err.,
p.1l. Type, by original designation, Falcinellus magnificus
Cuvier (not preoccupied by Craspedophorus Hope, 1838,
Coleopt. Manual, 2, pp. 91, 165).

Mathewsiella Iredale, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, p. 39. Type,
by original designation, Craspedophora Laan ica claudia

Mathews. To replace Craspedophora a 1840, not Craspe-
dophorus Hope, 1838.

PTILORIS PARADISEUS
Paradise Riflebird
Ptiloris paradiseus Swainson
Puloris paradiseus Swainson, 1825 (Jan.), Zool. Journ., 1 (4),
p- 481 — No locality [= northern New South Wales].

Ptiloris paradisea queenslandica Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian
Rec., 5, p. 42 — Blackall Ranges, Queensland.

New South Wales (Hunter River) to Central Queensland (Rock-
hampton).

PTILORIS VICTORIAE
Victoria Riflebird
“™ Ptiloris victoriae Gould
Ptiloris Victoriae Gould, 1850 (between Jan. and June), Proc.

Zool. Soc. London, 1849, p.111, pl. 12— Barnard Island,
North Queensland.

Ptiloris paradisea dyotti Mathews, 1915, Austral Avian Rec., 2,
p. 183 — Cairns, North Queensland.

North Queensland (Cairns district).

PTILORIS MAGNIFICUS
Magnificent Riflebird
~~ Ptiloris magnificus magnificus (Vieillot)

Falcinellus magnificus Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. ed., 28, p. 167 — “Nouvelle Guinée”, restricted to Dorey,
Vogelkop.

Western New Guinea: from Vogelkop eastward in the north to

the Sepik River, in the south to the Fly River.

~— Ptiloris magnificus intercedens Sharpe

Ptiloris intercedens Sharpe, 1882, Journ. Linn. Soc. London,

Zool., 16, p. 444 — Milne Bay and East Cape, southeastern
New Guinea.

188 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Eastern New Guinea, westward in the south to the Hall Sound,
in the north to Astrolabe Bay.

Ptiloris magnificus alberti Elliot

Ptiloris alberti Elliot, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 583 —
“Cape York’’, Australia (not preoccupied by P. alberti ‘“‘Elliot’’,
G. R. Gray, 1870, Handlist Gen. Spec. Birds, pt.1, p. 105,
nomen nudum in synonymy).

Craspedophora magnifica claudia Mathews, 1917, Austral Avian
Rec., 3, p. 72 — Claudie River, North Queensland.

Craspedophora magnifica yorki Mathews, 1922, Austral Avian
Rec., 5, p. 8 — Cape York, North Queensland.

North Queensland: Cape York and Claudie River district.

Grenus SEMIOPTERA Gray

Semioptera Gray, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 130. Type, by
monotypy, Paradisea wallacii Gray = Semioptera wallacei Gould.

SEMIOPTERA WALLACEI

Semioptera wallacei halmaherae Salvadori

Semioptera wallacei var. Halmaherae Salvadori, 1881, Orn.
Papuasia Mol., 2, p. 573 — Halmahera.

Halmahera.

~~ Semioptera wallacei wallacei Gould

Semioptera wallace Gould, 1859, Birds Australia, Suppl., pl.
II+ text — Batjan.

Batjan.

GENUS SELEUCIDIS Lesson

Seleucidis Lesson, 1835, Hist. Nat. Ois. Parad., Synopsis, p. 28,
pl. 35. Type, Seleucidis acanthilis Lesson, ibid. = Paradisea
melanoleuca Daudin.

SELEUCIDIS MELANOLEUCA!

Seleucidis melanoleuca melanoleuca (Daudin)
Paradisea melanoleuca Daudin, 1800, Traité Orn., 2, p. 278 —
“Waigiou’’, in error for Salawati or the Vogelkop.
Salawati and all of New Guinea, except the north coast.
1 As stated correctly by Hartert (1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 33) Forster’s

name zgnota is not available since it was proposed in an essentially polynomial
(non-Linnaean) publication.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 189

— Seleucidis melanoleuca auripennis Schliiter

Seleucides ignotus auripennis Schliiter, 1911, Falco, 7, p. 2 —
Dallmannshafen [= Wewak], German New Guinea.

Northern New Guinea from the Mamberano River to Astrolabe
Bay and the Ramu River.

Genus PARADIGALLA Lesson

Paradigalla Lesson, 1835, Hist. Nat. Ois. Parad., p. 242. Type, by
monotypy, P. carunculata Lesson.

PARADIGALLA CARUNCULATA

— Paradigalla (carunculata) carunculata Lesson

Paradigalla carunculata Lesson, 1835, Hist. Nat. Ois. Parad., p.
242 — Arfak Mountains.

Northwest New Guinea: Arfak Mountains.

—~ Paradigalla (carunculata) brevicauda Rothschild and Hartert

Paradigalla brevicauda Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Novit. Zool.,
18, p. 159 — Mt. Goliath, Dutch New Guinea.

Paradigalla intermedia Ogilvie-Grant, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
31, p. 105 — Utakwa River, Nassau Range, at 5,500 feet.

Central New Guinea: Weyland, Nassau, Oranje, Victor Emanuel,
Sepik, Hagen, and Bismarck Mountains.

GENUS DREPANORNIS SciatTEer

Drepanornis Sclater, 1873 (July 31), Nature, 8, p. 192; zdem,
1873, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 560. New name for Drepane-
phorus Sclater 1873 nec Egerton, 1872 (Pisces). Type, by
original designation, Drepanephorus albertisi Sclater.

Drepananax Sharpe, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, p. 15. Type, by
original designation, Drepanornis Bruijnii Oustalet.

DREPANORNIS ALBERTISI

—. Drepanornis albertisi albertisi (Sclater)

Drepanephorus albertisi Sclater, 1873 (June), Nature, 8, p. 151,
and 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 558, pl. 47 — Hatam,
Arfak Mountains.

Western New Guinea: Arfak and Wandammen Mountains.

Drepanornis albertisi inversus Rothschild
Drepanornis albertisi inversa Rothschild, 1936, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 21, p. 188 — Mt. Kunupi, Weyland Mts.

Northern slopes of central range, from the Weyland to the Sepik
Mountains (Lordberg).

190 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Drepanornis albertisi geisleri Meyer
Drepanornis geisleri Meyer, 1893, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 4
(1892-93), no. 3, p. 15 — Sattelberg, Huon Peninsula.
Northeastern New Guinea: mountains of the Huon Peninsula
(Saruwaged, etc.).

~~ Drepanornis albertisi cervinicauda Sclater

Drepanornis albertisi cervinicauda Sclater, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 578 — “Vicinity of Port Moresby”’.

Mountains of southeastern New Guinea west to the Herzog
Mountains.

DREPANORNIS BRUIJNII

_Drepanornis bruijnii Oustalet

Drepanornis Bruijnii Oustalet, 1880, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 6, 9,
art. 5, p. 1 and 1880, Bull. Assoc. Sci. France, p. 172 — “Coast
of Geelvink Bay between 136° 30’ and 137° of longitude”’,
northern New Guinea.

Northern New Guinea: from the east coast of Geelvink Bay
(Waropen) and the Mamberano basin eastward to the Tami River,
east of Humboldt Bay.

Genus EPIMACHUS CvuvIiER

Epimachus Cuvier, 1817, Régne Anim., 1 (Dec. 1816), p. 407.
Type, by monotypy, Upupa magna Gmelin = Promerops
fastuosus Hermann.

EPIMACHUS FASTUOSUS

Epimachus fastuosus fastuosus (Hermann)
Promerops fastuwosus Hermann, 1783, Tab. Aff. Anim., p. 194
(based on Pl. Enlum., pls. 638-639) — New Guinea, restricted
to the Arfak Mountains by Hartert (1930, Novit. Zool., 36,
p- 33).
Falcinellus striatus or speciosus auctorum.
Western New Guinea: Mountains of the Vogelkop (Arfak, Tam-
rau).

Epimachus fastuosus atratus (Rothschild and Hartert)
Falcinellus striatus atratus Rothschild and Hartert, 1911, Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 160 — Mt. Goliath, Dutch New Guinea.

Western Central ranges of New Guinea: Wandammen (Mt.
Wondiwoi), Weyland, Nassau, and Oranje Mountains.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 191

Epimachus fastuosus stresemanni Hartert

Epimachus fastuosus stresemanni Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36,
p. 34 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains.

Eastern and central ranges of New Guinea: Sepik Mountains
(Schraderberg), Mt. Hagen, and Hindenburg Mountains.

EPIMACHUS MEYERI

— Epimachus meyeri meyeri Finsch

Epimachus Meyeri Finsch, 1885, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 380 —
Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea.

Epimachus macleayanae Ramsay, 1887, Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales, 12, p. 239 — Astrolabe Mountains.

Mountains of southeastern New Guinea westward to Mt. Misim,
Herzog Mountains.

Epimachus meyeri bloodi Mayr and Gilliard

Epimachus meyeri bloodi Mayr and Gilliard, 1951, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1524, p. 10 — Mt. Hagen, Central Highlands, Man-
dated Territory of New Guinea.

Central highlands of New Guinea: Hagen, Kubor and Bismarck
Mountains.

Epimachus meyeri albicans (van Oort)

Falcinellus meyeri albicans van Oort, 1915, Zool. Meded. Leiden,
1, p. 228 — Treub Mts., Central New Guinea.

Oranje, Hindenburg, and Victor Emanuel Mountains.

Epimachus meyeri megarhynchus Mayr and Gilliard

Epimachus meyeri megarhynchus Mayr and Gilliard, 1951, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1524, p. 10 — Gebroeders Mountains, Wey-
land Range, Dutch New Guinea.

Known only from the Weyland Mountains, New Guinea.

Genus ASTRAPIA VIEILLOT

Astrapia Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 36. Type, by monotypy,
Paradisea nigra Gmelin.

Astrarchia Meyer, 1885, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 378. Type, by
monotypy, A. Stephaniae Finsch.

Calastrapia Sharpe, 1898, Monogr. Parad., Introd., p. 13. Type,
by monotypy, Astrapia splendidissima Rothschild.

Taeniaparadisea Kinghorn, 1939, Australian Zoologist, 9, p. 295.
Type, by monotypy, 7’. macnicolli Kinghorn.

cf. Mayr and Gilliard, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1551, pp. 1-13

(A. mayert).

192 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

ASTRAPIA NIGRA

Astrapia nigra (Gmelin)
Paradisea nigra Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Av., 1 (1), p. 401 — “Oceanic
Islands’’, restricted to the Arfak Mountains, New Guinea.
Northwest New Guinea: Arfak Mountains.

ASTRAPIA SPLENDIDISSIMA

Astrapia splendidissima splendidissima Rothschild

Astrapia splendidissima Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool., 2, p. 59,
pl. 5 — ‘*‘Probably Charles-Louis Mountains” ; type came almost
certainly from the Weyland Mts.

Western Ranges of New Guinea: from the Weyland Mountains
eastward to the Wissel Lake district (subsp?).

Astrapia splendidissima helios Mayr
Astrapia splendidissima helios Mayr, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 869, p.3— Mount Goliath, Oranje Range, Dutch New
Guinea.
West central New Guinea: Oranje Mountains, Nassau Mountains,
and mountains on upper Mamberano (Bernhard Camp).

Astrapia splendidissima elliottsmithi Gilliard

Astrapia splendidissima elliottsmitht Gilliard, 1961, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 2031, p. 3 — Mt. Ifal, alt. 7,200 ft., Victor Emanuel
Mountains, Mandated Territory of New Guinea.

Central New Guinea: Hindenburg and Victor Emanuel Mountains.

ASTRAPIA MAYERI

Astrapia mayeri Stonor
Astrapia mayeri Stonor, 1939 (Feb.), Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 59,
p. 57 — “Eighty to a hundred miles west of Mt. Hagen [Sta-
tion] [= Mt. Hagen].
Taeniaparadisea macnicolli Kinghorn, 1939 (Dec.), Australian
Zoologist, 9, p. 295, pl. 25 — West and northwest of Mt. Hagen.
Astrapia recondita Kuroda, 1943, Bull. Biogeo. Soc. Japan, 13,
p. 33, pl. 1 — ‘‘Morobe District’.
Central New Guinea: Mt. Hagen (where it hybridizes with
A. stephaniae ducalis), Giluwe (hybrid zone?) west to the mountains
of the Wabag region.

ASTRAPIA STEPHANIAE

Astrapia stephaniae feminina Neumann
Astrapia feminina Neumann, 1922, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 15,

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 193

p- 236 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mts., 60 miles north of Hagen
Mountains.

Only known from the type locality.

~— Astrapia stephaniae ducalis Mayr

Astrapia stephaniae ducalis Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin,
17, p. 711 — Dawong, Herzog Mts.

North New Guinea: Herzog Mountains to Kubor, Bismarck,
Hagen, and Giluwe Mountains.

~—~. Astrapia stephaniae stephaniae (Finsch)

Astrarchia stephaniae Finsch, 1885, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 378
Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea.

Mountains of southeastern New Guinea (Owen Stanley Range,
Che):

ASTRAPIA ROTHSCHILDI

Astrapia rothschildi Foerster

Astrapia rothschildi Foerster, 1906, Two New Birds of Paradise,
p. 2 — Rawlinson Mts., northeastern New Guinea.

Astrapia alboundata Reichenow, 1918, Journ. f. Orn., 66, p. 244 —
“Probably the eastern part of Kaiser Wilhelmland”’.

Northeastern New Guinea: mountains of the Huon Peninsula.

GENUS LOPHORINA VIEILLoT

Lophorina Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 35. Type, by monotypy,
“Le Superbe, Buff.” = Paradisea swperba Pennant.

LOPHORINA SUPERBA

— Lophorina superba superba (Pennant)

Paradisea Superba Pennant, 1781, Spec. Faun. Ind., in Forster’s
Indian Zool., p. 40 (based on Daubenton, Pl. Enlum., pl. 632)
— New Guinea, restricted to the Arfak Mountains.

Mountains of the Vogelkop (Arfak, Tamrau).

Lophorina superba niedda Mayr

Lophorina superba niedda Mayr, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38, p. 179
— Wondiwoi, Wandammen Mountains.

Mount Wondiwoi, Wandammen District, New Guinea.

— Lophorina superba feminina Grant

Lophorina superba feminina Grant, 1915, Ibis, Jubilee Suppl., 2,
p. 27 — Utakwa River, Nassau Range.

194 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Lophorina superba addenda Iredale, 1948, Australian Zoologist,
11, p. 162 — Mt. Hagen district.

Oranje, Nassau, Weyland mountains, and mountains on upper
Mamberano (Doormanpaad), Hindenburg, Victor Emanuel, Hagen,
Kubor, and Bismarck Mountains (Wahgi spur).

Lophorina superba pseudoparotia Stresemann

Lophorina superba pseudoparotia Stresemann, 1934, Orn. Monatsb.,
42, p. 144 — Hunsteinspitze, middle Sepik.
North New Guinea: Sepik Mountains.

Lophorina superba latipennis Rothschild

Lophorina minor latipennis Rothschild, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
19, p. 92 — Rawlinson Mountains.

Northeastern New Guinea: Mountains of the Huon Peninsula
(Saruwaged, etc.).

Lophorina superba connectens Mayr

Lophorina superba connectens Mayr, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38,
p. 180 — Dawong, Herzog Mountains.

Northeastern New Guinea: Herzog Mountains, Morobe District.

Lophorina superba minor Ramsay

Lophorina superba minor Ramsay, 1885, Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales, 10, p. 242 — Astrolabe Mountains.

Lophorina superba lehunti Rothschild, 1932, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 10, 10, p. 126 — Mekeo, southeast New Guinea.

Mountains of southeast New Guinea.

Lophorina superba sphinx Neumann

Lophorina superba sphinx Neumann, 1932, Orn. Monatsb., 40,
p. 121 — Type from an unknown locality.

Unknown. Possibly the mountains at the extreme southeast of
New Guinea.

GrEeNus PAROTIA VIEmLLOoT

Parotia Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p.35. Type, by monotypy,
“Sifilet, Buff.’ = P. sefilata Pennant.

PAROTIA SEFILATA

Parotia sefilata (Pennant)

Paradisea sefilata Pennant, 1781, Spec. Faun. Ind., in Forster’s
Indian Zool., p.40— New Guinea, restricted to the Arfak
Mountains.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 195

Western New Guinea: mountains of the Vogelkop (Arfak, Tam-
rau) and Wandammen Mountains.

— PAROTIA CAROLAE

Parotia carolae carolae Meyer

Parotia carolae A. B. Meyer, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, p. 6 —
“Amberno River” [but apparently from the Weyland Mts.].

Weyland Mountains and Wissel Lake region.

Parotia carolae clelandiae Gilliard

Parotia carolae clelandiae Gilliard, 1961, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
2031, p. 5 — Telefolmin, alt. 5,000 ft., Victor Emanuel Moun-
tains, Mandated Territory of New Guinea.

Known only from the type locality.

Parotia carolae meeki Rothschild

Parotia carolae meek: Rothschild, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 27,
p. 35 — Setekwa River, Dutch New Guinea.

Nassau and Oranje Mountains.

Parotia carolae chalcothorax Stresemann

Parotia carolae chalcothorax Stresemann, 1934, Orn. Monatsb.,
42, p.145— Doormanpaad, upper Mamberano (Idenburg
River).

Known only from the type locality.

Parotia carolae berlepschi Kleinschmidt

Parotia berlepschi Kleinschmidt, 1897, Orn. Monatsb., 5, p. 46 —
New Guinea.

Unknown. Possibly mountains on the lower Mamberano (van

Rees Gebergte).

Parotia carolae chrysenia Stresemann

Parotia carolae chrysenia Stresemann, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42,
p. 147 — Lordberg, Sepik Mts.

Sepik Mountains (Lordberg and Hunsteinspitze) and (?) Jimi
River (Bismark Mountains).

“~ PpAROTIA LAWESII

Parotia lawesii exhibita Iredale

Parotia lawesi exhibita Iredale, 1948, Australian Zoologist, 11,
p. 162 — Hoiyevia, Mount Hagen district.

Mount Hagen area, northeastern New Guinea.

196 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Parotia lawesii fuscior Greenway

Parotia lawesii fuscior Greenway, 1934, Proc. New England Zool.
Club, 14, p. 2— Mt. Misim, Morobe district.

Herzog Mountains.

Parotia lawesii lawesii Ramsay

Parotia lawesii Ramsay, 1885, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales,
10, p. 243 — Astrolabe Mountains.

Southern slopes of mountains in southeastern New Guinea
(Wharton Range, Owen Stanley Range, Mt. Suckling, Mt. Maneao,
etc.).

Parotia lawesii helenae De Vis
Parotia helenae De Vis, 1891, Ibis, p. 390 — Neneba, upper Mam-
bare River, north of Mt. Scratchley.

Northern slopes of mountains of southeastern New Guinea (Hy-
drographer Mts., upper Mambare River (Neneba, Bihagi), and upper
Waria River).

PAROTIA WAHNESI
Parotia wahnesi Rothschild

Parotia wahnesi Rothschild, 1906, Two New Birds of Paradise,
p. 2— Rawlinson Mts.

Mountains of the Huon Peninsula.

GreNus PTERIDOPHORA MEYER

Pteridophora Meyer, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, p. 11. Type, by
monotypy, P. alberti Meyer.

~

PTERIDOPHORA ALBERTI
Pteridophora alberti alberti Meyer

Pteridophora alberti A.B. Meyer, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4,
11 — ‘Mountains on the Amberno River’’; type apparently
came from the Weyland Mts.
Weyland Mountains, (?) mountains on the lower Mamberano
River (van Rees Mountains), Oranje, Hindenburg, and Victor
Emanuel Mountains.

Pteridophora alberti hallstromi Mayr and Gilliard
Pteridophora alberti hallstromi Mayr and Gilliard, 1951, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1524, p. 12 — Forests above Tomba, south
slope of Mt. Hagen, Central Highlands, Mandated Territory of
New Guinea.

Central New Guinea: Hagen, Bismarck, and Kubor Mountains.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 197

Pteridophora alberti biirgersi Rothschild
Pteridophora alberti biirgersi Rothschild, 1931, Novit. Zool., 36,
p- 253 — Schraderberg, Sepik Mountains.
Ranges of central New Guinea, in the north from the Sepik
Mountains (Schraderberg) east to the Kraetke Mountains.

Genus CICINNURUS VIEILLoT
Cicinnurus Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 35. Type, by monotypy,
“Manucode, Buff.’ = Paradisaea regia Linnaeus.
cf. Bergman, 1956, Nova Guinea, N.S., 7, pp. 197-205 (breeding).

CICINNURUS REGIUS

~ Cicinnurus regius regius (Linnaeus)
Paradisaea regia Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 110 —
“Hast Indies’ = Aru Islands (Berlepsch, 1911).
Aru Islands.

Cicinnurus regius rex (Scopoli)

Paradisaea Rex Scopoli, 1786, Del Faun. Flor. Insubr., pt. 2,
p- 88 (based on Sonnerat, 1776, Voy. Nouv. Guinea, p. 156,
pl. 95) — ““New Guinea” [= Sorong district, Vogelkop].

Cicinnurus spinturnix Lesson, 1835, Hist. Nat. Ois. Parad., p. 182,
pls. 16, 17, 18 —- Dorei [= Manokwari, Vogelkop].

Cicinnurus regius claudii Ogilvie-Grant, 1915, Ibis, Jubilee
Suppl., 2, p. 16 — Mimika River, southwestern New Guinea.

Misol, Salawati, Batanta, and all New Guinea, except the north

between the head of Geelvink Bay and the Huon Gull.

Cicinnurus regius gymnorhynchus Stresemann
Cicinnurus regius gymnorhynchus Stresemann, 1922, Journ. f.
Orn., 70, p. 405 — Heldsbachkiiste near Finschhafen.

Northeastern coast of Huon Gulf.

Cicinnurus regius similis Stresemann
Cicinnurus regius similis Stresemann, 1922, Journ. f. Orn., 70,
p. 405 — Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay.

From the Astrolabe Bay and the upper Ramu westward at least
to Humboldt Bay and the upper Mamberano basin (Idenburg
River).

— Cicinnurus regius cryptorhynchus Stresemann
Cicinnurus regius cryptorhynchus Stresemann, 1922, Journ. f.
Orn., 70, p. 405 — Taua, lower Mamberano River.
Eastern coast of Geelvink Bay and northern New Guinea near
the mouth of the Mamberano River.

198 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Cicinnurus regius coccineifrons Rothschild

Cicinnurus regius coccineifrons Rothschild, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3,
p. 10 — Jobi.

Japen Island.

Genus DIPHYLLODES Lesson

Diphyllodes Lesson, 1834, Hist. Nat. Ois. Parad., Synopsis, p. 16.
Type, by monotypy, D. seleucides Lesson = Paradisea magni-
fica Pennant.

Schlegelia Bernstein, 1864, Nat. Tijds. Nederl. Ind., 27, p. 79.
Type, by monotypy, S.calva Bernstein = Paradisea wilsoni
Cassin.

cf. Rand, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1073, pp. 7-14 (display).

DIPHYLLODES MAGNIFICUS
~— Diphyllodes magnificus magnificus (Pennant)

Paradisea Magnifica Pennant, 1781, Spec. Faun. Ind., im For-
ster’s Indian Zool., p. 40 (based on Daubenton, Pl. Enlum, pl.
631) — New Guinea, restricted to the Arfak Mountains.

Diphyllodes rothschildi Ogilvie-Grant, 1915, Ibis, Jubilee Suppl.,
2, p. 24 — Salawati Island.

Misol, Salawati, Vogelkop, Wandammen District, and Onin
Peninsula.

Diphyllodes magnificus intermedius (Hartert)
Diphyllodes magnificus intermedius Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool.,
36, p. 36 — Snow Mountains [= upper Setekwa River].

From the Weyland Mountains to the southern slopes of the
Nassau and Oranje Mountains.

Diphyllodes magnificus chrysopterus Elliot
Diphyllodes speciosus var. chrysopterus Elliot, 1873, Monogr,
Birds Parad., p. 13 — “‘Jobi Island”’.

Japen and northern New Guinea from the Mamberano basin to
the Sepik Valley, and probably as far eastward as Astrolabe Bay
and upper Ramu.

Diphyllodes magnificus hunsteini Meyer

Diphyllodes Hunsteini A. B. Meyer, 1885, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 2,
p. 389, pl. 21 — Hufeisengebirge, southeastern New Guinea
[near Astrolabe Mts. ].

Diphyllodes magnificus extra Iredale, 1950, Birds of Paradise and
Bowerbirds, p. 111 — Mt. Hagen district.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 199

Eastern New Guinea, westward in the north to the Huon Penin-
sula (Sattelberg, etc.) and to the Wahgi and Kubor Mountains
(inland), in the south to the Fly River.

DIPHYLLODES RESPUBLICA

— Diphyllodes respublica (Bonaparte)
Lophorina respublica Bonaparte, 1850 (Feb.), Compt. Rend. Acad.
Sci. Paris, 30, pp. 131-291 — “New Guinea” [= Waigeu].

Paradisea Wilsonii Cassin, 1850 (Aug.), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, p. 67; based on the same specimen (see Sclater,
1857, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 6).

Batanta and Waigeu.

Genus PARADISAEA Linnaeus

Paradisaea Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 110. Type,
by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, p. 39), P. apoda Lin-
naeus.

Uranornis Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 9, p. 191.
Type, by original designation, Paradisea rubra Daudin.

Paradisornis Meyer, 1885, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 385. Type,
by monotypy, Paradisornis rudolphi Finsch.

Trichoparadisea Meyer, 1893, Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Mus., Dresden,
4, no. 3, p. 20. Type, by original designation, Paradisea guilielmi
Cabanis.

PARADISAEA APODA

Paradisaea apoda apoda Linnaeus
Paradisaea apoda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 110 —
“India” [= Aru Islands].
Aru Islands.

Paradisaea apoda novaeguineae D’Albertis and Salvadori

Paradisaea apoda Linnaeus, var. novae guineae D’Albertis and
Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14, p. 96 — Middle
Fly River (300-450 miles upstream).
South New Guinea from the Mimika River eastward to a line
along the Dutch-Papuan border from the coast to the middle Digul
and Fly Rivers, where it hybridizes (“lwptoni’’) with salvadorit.

—— Paradisaea apoda salvadorii Mayr and Rand

Paradisaea apoda salvadorii Mayr and Rand, 1935, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 814, p. 11 — Vanumai, Centr. Div. Papua, south-
east New Guinea.

14

200 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

South New Guinea from near the Dutch-Papuan border (Tarara),
the upper Fly, and the upper Purari River (including Wahgi Val-
ley) in the west, eastward to the Port Moresby region and Cloudy
Bay.

- Paradisaea apoda raggiana Sclater
Paradisea raggiana Sclater, 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 559
— Orangerie Bay.
Extreme southeastern New Guinea from Orangerie Bay to Milne
Bay.

Paradisaea apoda intermedia De Vis
Paradisea intermedia De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rep. Brit. New Guinea,
1893-94, p. 105 — Kumusi River.
Paradisea raggiana sororia Menegaux, 1913, Rev. Frang. Orn., 3,
p. 50 — “New Guinea” [bought from the dealer Mantou].
From Collingwood Bay (where the plumes are a little more red-
aay to Holnicote Bay, Kumusi River, and the lower Mambare
iver.

Paradisaea apoda granti North
Paradisea grantt North, 1906, Victorian Nat., 22, p. 156 —
“German New Guinea?’’.
Paradisea apoda subintermedia Rothschild, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 138 — “Inland from Huon Gulf’.
Somewhere between the Mambare River and Salamaua, Huon
Gulf, probably a changing population connecting intermedia with
augustaevictoriae.

Paradisaea apoda augustaevictoriae Cabanis
Paradisea Augustae Victoriae Cabanis, 1888, Journ. f. Orn., 36,
p. 119 — ‘“‘Kaiser Wilhelm’s Land’’, restricted to Finschhafen.
The coast of the Huon Gulf and the Markham River valley up
to the Uria River, a tributary of the upper Ramu, where it hybri-
dizes (“mixta”) with P. minor finschi.

PARADISAEA MINOR

Paradisaea minor finschi Meyer

Paradisea Finschi A. B. Meyer, 1885, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 2, p. 383
— Karan, between Aitape and the mouth of the Sepik, at
long. 142° 30’ E.

Northern New Guinea: from the Finsch coast (Aitape district)
and the Sepik basin east to Astrolabe Bay and the upper Ramu
River (Karamari), where it begins to hybridize with P. apoda
augustaevictoriae.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 201

Paradisaea minor jobiensis Rothschild
Paradisea minor jobiensis Rothschild, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
6, p. 46 — Jobi Island.

Japen Island.

Paradisaea minor minor Shaw

Paradisea minor Shaw, 1809, Gen. Zool., 7, pt. 2, p. 486 —
‘New Guinea’’, restricted to Dorey.

Western New Guinea: eastward along the north coast as far as
Humboldt Bay and along the south coast to Etna Bay.

Paradisaea minor pulchra Mayr and de Schauensee

Paradisaea minor pulchra Mayr and de Schauensee, 1939, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 91, p. 151 — Tip, Misol.

Misol Island.

PARADISAEA DECORA

Paradisaea decora Salvin and Godman

Paradisea decora Salvin and Godman, 1883 (January), Ibis, p. 131
— Fergusson Island.
Fergusson and Normanby Islands, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago.

PARADISAEA RUBRA

Paradisaea rubra Daudin
Paradisea rubra Daudin, 1800, Traité Orn., 2, p. 271 — “New
Guinea’’, error for Waigeu.
Waigeu, Batanta and ? Ghemien (fide Bernstein).

PARADISAEA GUILIELMI

Paradisaea guilielmi Cabanis
Paradisea Guilielmi Cabanis, 1888, Journ. f. Orn., 36, p. 119 —
“Kaiser Wilhelm’s Land’’, restricted to the Sattelberg.

Mountains of the Huon Peninsula.

2, PARADISAEA RUDOLPHI
Paradisaea rudolphi rudolphi (Finsch)

Paradisornis Rudolphi Finsch, 1885, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 2, p. 385,

pl. 20 — Hufeisengebirge, southeast New Guinea.

Paradisornis rudolphi hunti Le Souef, 1907, Emu, 6, p. 119 —

Brit. New Guinea.

Mountains of southeast New Guinea (Wharton Range, Owen
Stanley Range), westward in the north as far as the Mambare
River.

14*

202 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Paradisaea rudolphi ampla Greenway
Paradisea rudolphi ampla Greenway, 1934, Proc. New England
Zool. Club, 14, p. 1 — Mt. Misim, Morobe district.
From the Herzog Mountains westward to the Kraetke Mountains.

Paradisaea rudolphi margaritae Mayr and Gilliard
Paradisaea rudolphi margaritae Mayr and Gilliard, 1951, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1524, p.11— Kimil River, 20 miles west-
northwest of Nondugl, Wahgi Valley, Central Highlands, Man-
dated Territory of New Guinea.
Central New Guinea: Kubor, Bismarck, and Hagen Mountains,
at 4,500-6,500 feet.

BIRDS OF PARADISE HYBRIDS
cf. Stresemann, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, pp. 6-15.

Generic Names

Astrapimachus Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 181. Type,
by monotypy, Epimachus astrapioides Rothschild.

Heteroptilorhis Sharpe, 1898, Monogr. Parad., Introd., p. x. Type,
by monotypy, Craspedophora mantoui Oustalet.

Janthothorax Bittikofer, 1894, Notes Leyden Mus., 16, p. 163.
Type, by monotypy, J. bensbachi Bittikofer.

Lamprothorax Meyer, 1894, Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Mus., Dresden, 5,
no. 2, p. 3. Type, by monotypy, L. Wilhelminae Meyer.

Loboptiloris Iredale, 1948, Australian Zoologist, 11, p. 163. Type,
by original designation, Loborhamphus ptilorhis Sharpe.

Loborhamphus Rothschild, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 12, p. 34.
Type, by monotypy, L. nobilis Rothschild.

Neoparadisea van Oort, 1906, Notes Leyden Mus., 28, p. 129.
Type, by monotypy, NV. ruyst van Oort.

Paryphephorus Meyer, 1890, Ibis, p.420. Type, by original
designation, Craspedophora duivenbodei Meyer.

Pseudastrapia Rothschild, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, 21, p. 25.
Type, by monotypy, P. lobata Rothschild, ibid. = Epimachus
elliott Ward.

Quesiparens Iredale, 1948, Australian Zoologist, 11, p. 162. Type,
by original designation, Paradisea mirabilis.

Rhipidornis Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 9, p. 192.
Type, by original designation, Diphyllodes gulielmi III. Meyer.

Visendavis Iredale, 1948, Australian Zoologist, 11, p. 162. Type,
by original designation, Paradisea bloodi Iredale.

FAMILY PARADISAEIDAE 203

Specific and Subspecific Names

Astrarchia barnesi Iredale, 1948, Australian Zoologist, 11, p. 162
— Mt. Hagen district. = Astrapia mayerix A. stephaniae du-
calis.

Cicinnurus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,

19, p. 39 — Cyclops Mountains. = Cicinnurus regius x Diphyl-
lodes magnificus.

Cicinnurus lyrogyrus Currie, 1900, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 22,
p. 497 — New Guinea. = Cicinnurus regius x Diphyllodes mag-
nificus.

Craspedophora Bruyni Bittikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 16,
p. 161 — Arfak Mountains. = Ptiloris magnifica x Seleucidis ig-
notus.

Craspedophora duivenbodei Meyer, 1890, Ibis, p. 419, pl. 12 —
Mountains of northwest New Guinea. = Ptiloris magnifica x
Lophorina superba.

Craspedophora Mantoui Oustalet, 1891, Naturaliste, 13, p. 260,
and 1892, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 3, 4, p. 218, pl. 15 —
“Northwest New Guinea’. = Ptiloris magnifia x Seleucidis ig-
notus.

Diphyllodes gulielmiterti A. B. Meyer, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 31 — “Waigeu”’ (error). (Fig. Sharpe, Monog. Parad.,
1, pl. 32) = Diphyllodes magnificus x Cicinnurus regius.

Epimachus astrapioides Rothschild, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7,
p. 22 — Dutch New Guinea. = Epimachus fastuosus x Astrapia
nigra.

Epimachus ellioti Ward, 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 742 —

Dutch New Guinea. (Fig. Sharpe, Monog. Parad., 1, pl. 16.) =
Epimachus fastuosus x Astrapia nigra.

Janthothorax Bensbachi Bittikofer, 1895, Notes Leyden Mus., 16,
p- 163 — Arfak Mountains. = Paradisaea (minor) x Ptiloris mag-
nifica.

Lamprothorax wilhelminae Meyer, 1894, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus.,
Dresden, 5, no. 2, p.3— Arfak Mountains. = Lophorina su-
perba x Diphyllodes magnificus.

Loborhamphus nobilis Rothschild, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12,

p- 34 — Dutch New Guinea. = Lophorina superba x Paradigalla
carunculata.

Loborhamphus ptilorhis Sharpe, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 21,
p- 67 — Dutch New Guinea. = Paradigalla carunculata = Paro-
tia sefilata.

Neoparadisea ruysi van Oort, 1906, Notes Leyden Mus., 28,
p. 129— Near Warsembo, west coast of Geelvink Bay. =
Paradisaea minor x Diphyllodes magnificus.

204 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Paradisea apoda luptoni Lowe, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p. 110 — Merauke district. = Paradisaea apoda novaeguineae x
P. a. salvadorii.

Paradisea bloodi Iredale, 1948, Australian Zoologist, 11, p. 161
— Miniyip, Mt. Hagen. = Paradisaea apoda salvadorii x P. ru-
dolphi margaritae.

Paradisea duivenbodei Menegaux, 1913, Rev. Frang. Orn., 5, p. 49
— Near Jaur, Geelvink Bay (error), probably back of Astrolabe
Bay. = Paradisaea minor finschi x P. guilelmii.

Paradisea maria Reichenow, 1894, Orn. Monatsb., 2, p. 22 —
Finisterre Mountains, 1,500 feet. (Fig. Journ. f. Orn., 1897,
pl. 5.) = Paradisaea apoda augustaevictoriae x P. guilielmii.

Paradisea mirabilis Reichenow, 1901, Orn. Monatsb., 9, p. 185
— Madang, Astrolabe Bay. (Fig. Journ. f. Orn., 1902, pl. 1.) =
Paradisaea (minor) x Seleucidis melanoleuca.

Paradisea mixta Rothschild, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, p. 127
— Unknown, probably upper Ramu. = Paradisaea minor
finschi x P. apoda augustaevictoriae.

Parotia duivenbodei Rothschild, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10,
p- 100 — Dutch New Guinea. (Fig. Ibis, 1911, pl. 5.) = Parotia
sefilata x Lophorina superba.

Pseudastrapia lobata Rothschild, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21,
p. 25 — Dutch New Guinea. = Paradigalla carunculata = E'pi-
machus fastuosus.

Famity CORVIDAE
Emmet R. Blake (New World)!
Charles Vaurie (Old World)?

cf. Hartert, 1903, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, pp. 1-40.

Hartert, 1921, op. cit., 3, pp. 2019-2035.

Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, pp. 252-374
(North and Middle America).

Hartert and Steinbacher, 1932, Vo6g. pal. Fauna, Ergin-
zungsb., 1, pp. 3-30.

Dementiev, 1933, Systema Av. Ross., Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn.,
pp. 728-744.

Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13,
pt. 7, pp. 1-70 (North and South America).

1 New World MS read by A. H. Miller and F. Pitelka, and at least examined
by A. Wetmore and H. Friedmann. R. Selander and D. Johnston have also
read selected portions.

2 Old World MS read by H. G. Deignan.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 205

Amadon, 1944, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1251, pp. 1-21 (generic
limits).

Johansen, 1944, Journ. f. Orn., 92, pp. 8-26 (western Siberia).

Rustamov, 1954, in Dementiev and Gladkov (editors), Ptitsy
Sovietskogo Soiuza, 5, pp. 15-104.

Vaurie, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1668, pp. 1-23 (Pale-
arctic).

Miller, Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1957, Pacific Coast
Avifauna (Cooper Ornith. Soc.), no. 33, pp. 117-132 (Mexico).

Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, pp. 132-177.

Genus PLATYLOPHUS Swaryson

Platylophus Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna
Bor.-Amer., 1831, p. 482. Type, by original designation, Gar-
rulus galericulatus Vieillot = Corvus galericulatus Cuvier.

PLATYLOPHUS GALERICULATUS

—— Platylophus galericulatus galericulatus (Cuvier)
Corvus galericulatus Cuvier, 1817, Regne Animal, 1, p. 399, ex
Levaillant, pl. 42. Java.
Java.

—— Platylophus galericulatus coronatus (Raffles)

Lanius coronatus Raffles, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13,
p. 306 — Sumatra.

Sumatra and southern Borneo; birds of Sarawak interme-
diate but more similar to coronatus.

—— Platylophus galericulatus lemprieri Nicholson

Platylophus lemprieri Nicholson, 1883, Ibis, p. 88 — northeastern
Borneo [= Sandakan Bay].

Northern Borneo.

Platylophus galericulatus ardesiacus (Bonaparte)
Lophocitta ardesiaca Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850),
p. 874 — “Java?,” error for Malacca.
Malay Peninsula, north to southern Tenasserim and _ south-
western Thailand.

GENuS PLATYSMURUS ReEIcHENBACH

Platysmurus Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 80, generic
details only. Type, by subsequent designation (Sharpe, 1877,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 90), Glaucopis leucopterus Tem-
minck.

206 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

PLATYSMURUS LEUCOPTERUS

——Platysmurus leucopterus leucopterus (Temminck)
Glaucopis leucopterus Temminck, 1824, in Temminck and Laugier,
Pl. Col., 265, livr. 45 — Sumatra.

Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.

———. Platysmurus leucopterus aterrimus (Temminck)!

Glaucopis aterrimus Temminck, 1825, in Temminck and Laugier,
Pl. Col., [no plate], livr. 57 — “environs de Pontianak,”’ west
coast of Borneo.

Borneo, chiefly in the lowlands, occasionally up to 3,500 feet.

GENuS GYMNORHINUS WIeEpD

Gymnorhinus Wied, 1841, Reise Nord-Amer., 2, p. 21 (not pre-
occupied by Gymnorhina Gray, 1840). Type, by monotypy,
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Wied.

cf. Brodkorb, 1936, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 332,

pp. 1-3 (review).

GYMNORHINUS CYANOCEPHALA
Pifion Jay

——— Gymnorhinus cyanocephala Wied
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Wied, 1841, Reise Nord-Amer., 2,
p. 22 — am Maria-River [= between the Marias and Yellow-
stone rivers, Montana].

Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus rostratus Brodkorb, 1936, Occ. Pap.
Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 332, p.2— Big Bear Valley,
7,000 feet, San Bernardino Mountains, San Bernardino County,
California.

Resident from central Oregon, Idaho, east-central Montana, and
western South Dakota, south through eastern California to northern
Baja California, central Nevada, central and central-eastern Arizona,
central New Mexico, and western Oklahoma. Wanders to central
Washington, northwestern Oregon, northern Idaho, northwestern
Montana, southwestern Saskatchewan, throughout the Great Basin,
Nebraska, Kansas, central western and southwestern California,
southeastern Arizona, central Texas, and Chihuahua.

Genus CYANOCITTA SrrickLanp

Cyanocitta Strickland, 1845, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 15, no.
98, pp. 260-261. Type, by original designation, Corvus cristatus
Linnaeus.

1 Pl. schlegeli Pelzeln, 1880, of Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-list”’ is a synonym.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 207

Stellerocitta Coues, 1903, Key N. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 494. Type,
by original designation, Corvus stelleri Gmelin.
cf. Oberholser, 1921, Auk, 38, pp. 83-89 (races of cristata).
Stevenson, 1934, Condor, 36, pp. 72-78 (races of stelleri).
Wetmore, 1941, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 90, pp. 502-503 (C.
cristata).

CYANOCITTA CRISTATA
Blue Jay

~— Cyanocitta cristata bromia Oberholser

Cyanocitta cristata bromia Oberholser, 1921, Auk, 38, p. 86 —
Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio.

Southern Canada from central Alberta east to southern Quebec
and Newfoundland south through the Dakotas and northeastern
Nebraska to central Missouri, south-central Illinois, central Indiana,
northeastern Kentucky, northeastern Tennessee, and south-central
Virginia. Winters south casully to southern Louisiana, central
Alabama, and northeastern Georgia.

—— Cyanocitta cristata cristata (Linnaeus)

Corvus cristatus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 106.
Based on The Blew Jay = Pica glandaria caerulea cristata
Catesby, 1754, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 15, pl. 15 — in America
septentrionali [= southeastern South Carolina, fide Oberholser
(1921, Auk, 38, p. 83)].

Southern Missouri, southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana,
western Kentucky, Tennessee (except extreme northeastern corner),
southwestern Virginia, and North Carolina south to southeastern
Texas, the Gulf coast, and central Florida.

— Cyanocitta cristata semplei Todd
Cyanocitta cristata semplei Todd, 1928, Auk, 45, p. 364 — Coconut
Grove, Florida

Southern Florida from Hillsborough and Osceola counties south
to the Keys.

_—— Cyanocitta cristata cyanotephra Sutton

Cyanocitta cristata cyanotephra Sutton, 1935, Auk, 52, p. 176 —
Kenton, Cimmarron (sic) County, Oklahoma.

Southeastern Wyoming and Nebraska (except the northeastern

corner) south through eastern Colorado, western Kansas, and
Oklahoma to northern Texas.

208 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

CYANOCITTA STELLERI
Steller’s Jay

—~Cyanocitta stelleri stelleri (Gmelin)
Corvus stelleri Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 370. Based on
Steller’s Crow of Latham, 1781, Gen. Synop. Birds, 1 (1),
p. 387 — in Sinu Natka Americae borealis [= Nootka Sound,
Vancouver Island, British Columbia].
Cyanocitta stelleri paralia Oberholser, 1932, Sci. Publ. Cleveland
Mus.,4, p. 7 — Pleasant Valley, 9 miles southeast of Tillamook,
Oregon.
Southern Alaska and coastal British Columbia south to western
Washington and northwestern Oregon.

— Cyanocitta stelleri carlottae Osgood
Cyanocitta stelleri carlottae Osgood, 1901, North Amer. Fauna, no.
21, p.46— Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, Queen Char-
lotte Islands, British Columbia.
Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.

_-Cyanocitta stelleri annectens (Baird)
Cyanura stellert var. annectens Baird, 1874, in Baird, Brewer, and
Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, 2, p. 281 — headwaters of
the Columbia [= Hell Gate, east of Missoula, Montana].

Interior of British Columbia and southwestern Alberta south
through eastern Washington, northern Idaho, and western Montana
to northeastern Oregon and northwestern Wyoming (Yellowstone
Park); casual in autumn and spring south of the breeding range
in Wyoming and in southeastern Saskatchewan.

— Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis (Ridgway)

Cyanura stelleri var. frontalis Ridgway, 1873, Amer. Journ. Sci.,
ser. 3, 5, no. 25, pp. 41, 43 — the Columbia southward, along
the Sierra Nevada to southern California [= Carson City,
Nevada].

Central Oregon south through the mountains of California (except
central segment of the coastal belt, and the southeastern desert
area) and central western Nevada; casual in winter in the Sacra-
mento Valley of California, and extreme northwestern Baja Cali-
fornia.

~— Cyanocitta stelleri carbonacea Grinnell
Cyanocitta stelleri carbonacea Grinnell, 1900, Condor, 2, p. 127 —
Stevens’ Creek Canyon, Santa Clara County, California.

Central coastal belt of California from Marin and Contra Costa
counties south through Monterey County.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 209

—Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha Baird

Cyanocitta macrolopha Baird, 1854, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 7, p.118— 100 miles west of Albuquerque, New
Mexico.

~Cyanocitta stelleri percontatrix van Rossem, 1931, Trans. San
Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, p.328— Hidden Forest (8,500 ft.),
Sheep Mountains, Clark County, Nevada.

Cyanocitta stellert cottami Oberholser, 1937, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 50, p. 117 — Provo, Utah.

Cyanocitta stellert browni Phillips, 1950, Condor, 52, p. 253 —
near Summerhaven, Santa Catalina Mountains, Carter County,
Arizona.

Rocky Mountain district of the United States and the Sierra
Madre Occidental of Mexico from eastern and southern Nevada,
Utah, southeastern Wyoming, southwestern South Dakota, and
western Nebraska south to northern Sonora, northern Chihuahua,
and southwestern Texas; casual in south-central Texas (San
Antonio).

—— Cyanocitta stelleri diademata (Bonaparte)

Cyanogarrulus diadematus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1
(1850), p.377—ex Mexico mer. Zacatecas [= Zacatecas,
Mexico].

Chiefly the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, from southeastern

Sonora and extreme southwestern Chihuahua south to Jalisco and
Zacatecas; also known from eastern Nuevo Leén (Cerro Potosi).

_——. Cyanocitta stelleri coronata (Swainson)

Garrulus coronatus Swainson, 1827, Philos. Mag., N.S., 1, p. 437
— tableland of Mexico; restricted to Real del Monte, Hidalgo,
by Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 403), and subsequently re-
stricted to the vicinity of Cofre de Perote, Veracruz, by Davis
(1945, Auk, 62, p. 280).1

Highlands of south-central Mexico in the states of Guanajuato,

San Luis Pososi, Hidalgo, northern Veracruz, and (?) Oaxaca.?

Cyanocitta stelleri purpurea Aldrich
Cyanocitta stelleri purpurea Aldrich, 1944, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 57, p. 24 — Patamban, Michoacan, Mexico.
Highlands of western and central Michoacan.
1 Restriction of the type locality to Real del Monte, Hidalgo, by Brodkorb
seems more appropriate than the proposal by Davis.

* Although traditionally referred to coronata, Oaxaca birds are yet of
doubtful status and may prove to have other affinities. See Moore, 1954,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 67, pp. 235-237.

210 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

—— Cyanocitta stelleri azteca Ridgway

Cyanocitta stelleri azteca Ridgway, 1899, Auk, 16, p. 256 —
mountains near Vera Cruz, Mexico; restricted to Rio Frio,
State of Mexico, by Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 403).

Cyanocitta stelleri atriceps Davis, 1945, Auk, 62, p. 281 — north
slope of Mount Popocatépetl, 13,500 feet, State of Mexico,
Mexico.

Mountains of eastern Michoacan!, State of Mexico, Distrito

Federal, Morelos, Puebla, and west-central Veracruz.

Cyanocitta stelleri teotepecensis Moore
Cynanocitta (sic) stelleri teotepecensis Moore, 1955, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 67, p. 236— Cerro Teotepec, Sierra Madre del
Sur, Guerrero, Mexico; altitude 11,500 feet.

High mountains of central and southern Guerrero’.

—Cyanocitta stelleri ridgwayi Miller and Griscom
Cyanocitta stelleri ridgwayi Miller and Griscom, 1925, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 184, p. 7— Voledn de Fuego, Guatemala.
Cyanocitta stelleri lazula van Rossem, 1928, Auk, 45, p. 361 —
Los Esesmiles, Department Chalatenango, El Salvador.
Highlands of Chiapas and western Guatemala south in the
mountains at least to El Salvador and (?) Honduras.

Cyanocitta stelleri suavis Miller and Griscom
Cyanocitta stelleri suavis Miller and Griscom, 1925, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 184, p. 7 — San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua.
Highlands of Nicaragua, intergrading with C.s. ridgwayi in
Honduras.

Genus APHELOCOMA CaBaniIs

Aphelocoma Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, sign. 28, p. 221. Type,
by subsequent designation (Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Law-
rence, 1858, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac., 9, p. 584), Gar-
rulus californicus Vigors.

cf. Oberholser, 1917, Condor, 19, pp. 94-95 (coerulescens).
Pitelka, 1951, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 50, pp. 195-463

(review of genus).

1 Intergrades with C.s. purpurea in vicinity of Patzcuaro, Michoacan.

2 In its purest form teotepecensis apparently is restricted to Guerrero, but
Moore (op. cit., p. 237) reports evidence of intergradation with ridgwayi as
far south as Chiapas.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 211

APHELOCOMA COERULESCENS
Scrub Jay

Aphelocoma coerulescens immanis Grinnell
Aphelocoma californica immanis Grinnell, 1901, Auk, 18, p. 188
—Scio and Salem, Williamette Valley, Oregon [= Scio, Linn
County, Oregon].
Extreme southwestern Washington (Clark County) and the Wil-
liamette Valley of interior western Oregon.

Aphelocoma coerulescens caurina Pitelka

Aphelocoma coerulescens caurina Pitelka, 1951, Univ. California
Publ. Zool., 50, p. 225 — one mile east of Wedderburn, Curry
County, Oregon.

Coastal area of southwestern Oregon (Curry County) and northern
California from Del Norte and Humboldt counties south to Sonoma
and Napa counties and east to the inner Coast Ranges (Trinity,
Lake, and Napa counties).

— Aphelocoma coerulescens oocleptica Swarth!

Aphelocoma californica oocleptica Swarth, 1918, Univ. California
Publ. Zool., 17, p. 413 — Nicasio, Marin County, California.

South-central Oregon (Jackson and Lake counties), south in Cali-
fornia in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys and adjacent
coast range and Sierra Nevada foothills to Mount Pinos, and east
to extreme northwestern and central-western Nevada; the San
Francisco Bay Region from Marin County and the San Francisco
peninsula east and south to adjacent parts of Solano, Contra Costa,
Alameda, and Santa Clara counties.

___Aphelocoma coerulescens californica (Vigors)

Garrulus californicus Vigors, 1839, in Zool. Beechey’s Voy., p. 21,
pl. V. — Monterey [= Monterey County, California].

Coastal ranges of central California from southern San Mateo
County, Santa Clara County, and southeastern Alameda County
south to southwestern Ventura County.

Aphelocoma coerulescens cana Pitelka

A phelocoma coerulescens cana Pitelka, 1951, Univ. California Publ.
Zool., 50, p. 237 — north side of Eagle Mountain, 4,000 feet,
Riverside County, California.

Eagle Mountain, Riverside County, California.

1 Includes “‘swperciliosa’”’ of the A.O.U. Check-list, 1957, nec Strickland
1845 (= californica); cf. Pitelka, 1961, Condor, 63, pp. 234-245.

212 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

_— Aphelocoma coerulescens obscura Anthony
Aphelocoma californica obscura Anthony, 1889, Proc. California
Acad. Sci., ser.2, 2, p.75 — Valladores (sic), L.C. [= Val-
laderes, west base of Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California,
Mexico].
Southwestern California and northern Baja California south to
Ensenada (Todos Santos Bay) and the southern end of the Sierra
San Pedro Martir.

__._._ Aphelocoma coerulescens hypoleuca Ridgway

Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca Ridgway, 1887, Manual North
Amer. Birds, p. 356 — vicinity of Cape St. Lucas, Lower Cali-
fornia [= La Paz, Baja California, designated by Ridgway
(1904, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, p. 331)].

Aphelocoma coerulescens cactophila Huey, 1942, Trans. San Diego
Soc. Nat. Hist., 9, p.432—3 miles north of Punta Prieta,
Lower California, Mexico, lat. 28° 56’ north, long. 114° 12’ west.

Central and southern Baja California north to the Sierra de
Calamajué (Yubay) in the interior, to. Magdalena Bay on the
Pacific side, and to Loreto, lat. 26° N., on the Gulf side.

__. Aphelocoma coerulescens insularis Henshaw

Aphelocoma insularis Henshaw, 1886, Auk, 3, p. 452 — Santa
Cruz Island, California.

Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara group, off southern California.

Aphelocoma coerulescens nevadae Pitelka
Aphelocoma coerulescens nevadae Pitelka, 1945, Condor, 47, p. 24
—3 miles east of Jackass Springs, 6,200 feet, Panamint
Mountains, Inyo County, California.

Southeastern Oregon, southern Idaho, and western Utah south
through the Great Basin, Arizona, and extreme southwestern New
Mexico (Sierra Hachita) to northeastern Sonora (San José Moun-
tains) and extreme northwestern Chihuahua.

— Aphelocoma coerulescens woodhouseii (Baird)

Cyanocitta woodhouseii Baird, 1858, in Baird, Cassin, and Law-
rence, Rept. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac., 9, pp. 584-585 — cen-
tral line of Rocky Mountains to table lands of Mexico [= Fort
Thorn (ten miles west of Rincon, Dofa Ana County), New
Mexico].

Rocky Mountains and neighboring regions from north-central
and eastern Utah and southern Wyoming south through north-
eastern Arizona, western and southern Colorado, and western
Oklahoma to northern Chihuahua and western Texas (Davis and
Glass mountains). Casual in Nebraska (North Platte), southwestern
Kansas (Morton County), and the Texas Panhandle.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 213

——Aphelocoma coerulescens texana Ridgway

Aphelocoma texana Ridgway, 1902, Auk, 19, p. 70 — near head

of Nueces River, Edwards County, Texas.

West-central Texas in the southern Concho River drainage and
the Edwards Plateau from Tom Green and Concho Counties south
to Crockett, Edwards, and Kerr counties. Casual in northwestern
Bexar County.

—Aphelocoma coerulescens grisea Nelson
Aphelocoma grisea Nelson, 1899, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13,
p. 27 —near Guachochi [= Guachochic (lat. 26° 45’ N., long.
107° 01’ W.), north of Rio Fuerte], Sierra Madre, southern
Chihuahua.
Northwestern Mexico on the eastern slopes of the Sierra Madre
Occidental from central Chihuahua south to Jalisco and central
Guanajuato.

—~Aphelocoma coerulescens cyanotis Ridgway

Aphelocoma cyanotis Ridgway, 1887, Manual North Amer. Birds,
p. 357 — “Mexico” [= Real del Monte, Hidalgo, fide Pitelka
(1951, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 50, p. 404)].

Mountains of east-central Mexico from southern Coahuila and

Nuevo Le6én south to State of Mexico, Distrito Federal, and Hidalgo.

Aphelocoma coerulescens sumichrasti (Baird and Ridgway)
Cyanocitta floridana var. sumichrasti Baird and Ridgway, 1874,
Bull. Essex Inst., 5 (1873), p.199— Orizaba [Veracruz],
Mexico.
High mountains of southeastern portion of the Mexican Plateau,
from Tlaxcala and west-central Veracruz (Perote) south through
Puebla to eastern and central Oaxaca.

-—— Aphelocoma coerulescens remota Griscom

‘Tv — Aphelocoma californica remota Griscom, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 75, p. 392 — Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.

Se havestéin Mexico, in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero.

~ Aphelocoma coerulescens coerulescens (Bosc)

Corvus coerulescens Bosc, 1795, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1
(1791-1799), p. 87 — in Amer. septentrionale [= Florida].
Peninsular Florida from Dixie, Gilchrist, Alachua, and coastal
Duval counties south on the west side to Collier County, and along
the east coast to Dade County (Rockdale); absent in the east-
central interior from Osceola County southward.

214 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

APHELOCOMA ULTRAMARINA
Mexican Jay

_-Aphelocoma ultramarina arizonae (Baird and Ridgway)
Cyanocitta ultramarina var. arizonae Baird and Ridgway, 1874,
Bull. Essex Inst., 5 (1873), p. 199 — Fort. Buchanan, Arizona;
and Copper Mines, Arizona [= Old Fort Buchanan, near Crit-
tenden, Santa Cruz County, Arizona].
Central and east-central Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico
south to north-central Sonora and northwestern Chihuahua.

_-—Aphelocoma ultramarina wollweberi Kaup

Aphelocoma wollweberi Kaup, 1854, Journ. f. Orn., 2, no. 12,
Suppl., p. LV, footnote — Zaccatekas (sic) Mexico; restricted
by Pitelka (1951, Univ. California, Publ. Zool., 50, p. 330) to

Valparaiso Mountains, Zacatecas.
Mountains of western Mexico from southeastern Sonora and
southwestern Chihuahua south through Sinaloa and Durango to
western Zacatecas and adjacent parts of extreme northern Jalisco.

Aphelocoma ultramarina gracilis Miller
Aphelocoma gracilis G.S. Miller, 1896, Auk, 13, p. 34 — Sierra
Bolafios, Jalisco, Mexico.
Mountains of central-western Mexico, in eastern Nayarit and
northern Jalisco, except northernmost part where occupied by
wollwebert.

_—— Aphelocoma ultramarina couchii (Baird)
Cyanocitta couchii Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, 1858,
Rep. Expl. Surv. R.R. Pac., 9, p. 588 — Monterey (sic) Mexico
[= Guayjuco, eighteen miles southeast of Monterrey, Nuevo
Leon, Mexico].

Mountains of extreme southwestern Texas and northeastern
Mexico, from the Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Texas, south-
eastward through Coahuila to southern Nuevo Leon and west-
central Tamaulipas.

—Aphelocoma ultramarina potosina Nelson
Aphelocoma sieberi potosina Nelson, 1899, Auk, 16, p. 27 —
mountains near Jesus Maria, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Mountains of east-central Mexico, from San Luis Potosi south to
northern Guanajuato, Querétaro, and central Hidalgo.

—. Aphelocoma ultramarina ultramarina (Bonaparte)
Corvus ultramarinus Bonaparte, 1825, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 4 (2), p. 387 — Mexico; restricted to Temascal-
tepec [State of Mexico] by van Rossem (1942, Auk, 59, p. 573).

FAMILY CORVIDAE 215

Garrulus sordidus Swainson, 1827, Philos. Mag., N.S., 1, p. 437
— Real del Monte, Hidalgo, error; restricted to Rio Frio, State
of Mexico by Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 401).

Pica sieberti Wagler, 1827, Syst. Av., 1, fol. 21, Genus Pica,
sp. 23 — Mexico; restricted to Rio Frio, State of Mexico by
Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 401).

Southern part of the Mexican Plateau, from southeastern Jalisco
and northwestern Michoacan east through states of Mexico, southern
Hidalgo, northern Morelos, Tlaxcala, and Puebla to central western
Veracruz.

Aphelocoma ultramarina colimae Nelson

Aphelocoma sieberi colimae Nelson, 1899, Auk, 16, p. 27 — Jacala,
Jalisco, Mexico.

Mountains of northwestern Jalisco, southeastward to south-
central Jalisco and northeastern Colima.

APHELOCOMA UNICOLOR

Aphelocoma unicolor concolor (Cassin)

Cyanocorax concolor Cassin, 1848, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 4, p. 26 — “South America’’; type locality designated
by Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 402) as eastern part of the
State of Mexico.

Mountains of southeastern Mexico, in west-central Veracruz,

eastern part of State of Mexico, and Puebla (Pinal).

~—~ Aphelocoma unicolor guerrerensis Nelson
Aphelocoma guerrerensis Nelson, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 16, p. 154— Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.

Mountains of south-central Guerrero, Mexico, at altitudes ex-
ceeding 7,000 feet.

Aphelocoma unicolor oaxacae Pitelka

Aphelocoma unicolor oaxacae Pitelka, 1946, Condor, 48, p. 44 —
Moctum, Oaxaca, Mexico.

Central highlands of Oaxaca, southern Mexico.

~—Aphelocoma unicolor unicolor (DuBus)

Cyanocorax unicolor DuBus, 1847, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lettr.
Beaux-Arts Belg., 14, pt.2, p.103—le Méxique; locality
restricted by Brodkorb (1944, Auk, 61, p. 402) to San Cristo-
bal [= Ciudad de Las Casas], Chiapas.

1 Not reported in states of Mexico and Puebla since the middle of the
nineteenth century.

15

216 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Aphelocoma unicolor coelestis Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 16, p. 108 — San Cristobal, Chiapas.

Mountains of Chiapas, southeastern Mexico, and Guatemala,
chiefly at elevations of 7,000 to 10,000 feet.

——Aphelocoma unicolor griscomi van Rossem
Aphelocoma unicolor griscomi van Rossem, 1928, Auk, 45, p. 362
—Los Esesmiles, Dept. Chalatenango, El Salvador.

Mountains of northern El Salvador (Los Esesmiles) and western

Honduras, from Mount Pucca east to Alto Cantoral and Rancho
Quemado.

Genus CYANOLYCA CaBanis

Cyanolyca Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 223. Type, by sub-

sequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds,
p- 62), Cyanocorax armillatus Gray.

cf. de Schauensee, 1951, Caldasia, 5, no. 25, pp. 884-885 (Co-
lombia).

Zimmer, 1953, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1649, pp. 13-16 (Peru).

CYANOLYCA VIRIDICYANA
——Cyanolyca viridicyana meridana (Sclater and Salvin)

Cyanocitta armillata «. meridana Sclater and Salvin, 1876, Proc.

Zool. Soc. London, p. 271 — “upper wood-region of Merida’,
Venezuela.

Temperate zone of northwestern Venezuela in states of Tachira,
Mérida, and Trujillo.

—— Cyanolyca viridicyana armillata (Gray)
Cyanocorax armillatus Gray, 1845, Gen. Birds, 2, pl. 74 — no type
locality given; type specimen from “‘Bogota’’, Colombia.

Subtropical and temperate zones of the Eastern Andes of Co-
lombia and southwestern Tachira, Venezuela.

—Cyanolyca viridicyana quindiuna (Sclater and Salvin)

Cyanocitta armillata y. quindiuna Sclater and Salvin, 1876, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 272 — Cordillera of Quindiu [= Quindio],
Colombia.

Cyanolyca angelae Salvadori and Festa, 1899, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Anat. Comp. Torino, 14, no. 357, p. 30 — Pun, Ecuador.

Subtropical and temperate zones of Colombia from the Quindio

Mountains, Central Andes, south to the eastern slope of the Andes
of Pasto and extreme northern Ecuador (Prov. Carchi).

FAMILY CORVIDAE 217

——Cyanolyca viridicyana turcosa (Bonaparte)
Cyanocitta turcosa Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.

Paris, 37, p. 830 — ‘“‘Colombie” [= near Puerres, Narifio, Co-
lombia; designated by de Schauensee (1951, Caldasia, 5, no.
25, p. 884)].

Temperate zone of the Andes in southern Colombia (Narifo),'
Ecuador, and extreme northwestern Peru (Dept. Piura).

Cyanolyca viridicyana jolyaea (Bonaparte)
Cyanocitta jolyaea Bonaparte, 1852, Tagebl.29 Versamml.
Deutsche Naturf. u. Aerzte in Wiesbaden, Beilage, Nachtrag,
p- 89 — South America [= Molinopampa, Peru; suggested by
Zimmer (1930, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17,
p. 401)].
Temperate zone of northern and central Peru from Department
of Amazonas south to Department of Junin.

Cyanolyca viridicyana cyanolaema Hellmayr
Cyanolyca viridicyana cyanolaema Hellmayr, 1917, Verh. Orn.
Ges. Bayern, 13, p. 107 — Chuhuasi [= Uruhuasi], 15 miles
north of Ollachea near Macusanai [= Macusani], Andes of
Carabaya, Peru; 7,000 feet.

Temperate zone of southeastern Peru in departments of Cuzco
and Puno.

———. Cyanolyca viridicyana viridicyana (Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny)
Garrulus viridi-cyanus Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny, 1838, Synop.
Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p.9 — Yungas, Bolivia [type

specimen from “‘La Paz’’].

Temperate zone of western Bolivia in departments of La Paz
and Cochabamba.

CYANOLYCA PULCHRA

Cyanolyca pulchra (Lawrence)

Cyanocitta pulchra Lawrence, 1876, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New
York, 11, p. 163 — “Quito”, Ecuador.
Upper tropical and subtropical zones of the west slope of the
Western Andes of southwestern Colombia (north to the headwaters
of the San Juan River) south to western Ecuador.?

1 Specimens of ““Bogota make”’ suggest a wider distribution in Colombia.

2 Distribution uncertain in Ecuador where known chiefly from “Quito”
collections.

15*

218 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

CYANOLYCA CUCULLATA

Cyanolyca cucullata mitrata Ridgway
Cyanolyca mitrata Ridgway, 1899, Auk, 16, p. 255, new name for
Pica ornata Lesson, preoccupied — Mexico; type locality re-
stricted by Pitelka (1951, Condor, 53, p. 97), to mountains
near Jalapa, Veracruz.
Cyanolyca mitrata guatemalae Pitelka, 1951, Condor, 53, p. 97 —
near San José, 28 mi. ESE Comitan, 4,900 feet, Chiapas, México.
Mountains of eastern Mexico (extreme southeastern San Luis
Potosi and Veracruz) south through east-central Oaxaca and in-
terior Chiapas to Guatemala (Huehuetenango; Alta Vera Paz).

—-Cyanolyca cucullata hondurensis Pitelka

Cyanolyca mitrata hondurensis Pitelka, 1951, Condor, 53, p. 97
— Peinitas (4 mi. W. San Pedro Sula), Honduras.

Caribbean slopes of the mountains of western Honduras.

—— Cyanolyca cucullata cucullata (Ridgway)

Cyanocorax cucullatus Ridgway, 1885, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 8,
p. 23 — Navarro, Costa Rica.

Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and western Panama.

CYANOLYCA PUMILO

—— Cyanolyca pumilo (Strickland)

Cyanocorax pumilo Strickland, 1849, in Jardine’s Contrib. Ornith.,
p. 122 (in text) — Guatemala‘.

OCyanolyca pumilo nigrogularis van Rossem, 1928, Auk, 45, p. 363
— Los Esesmiles, Department Chalatenango, El Salvador.

Mountains of southeastern Mexico (Chiapas), western and southern
Guatemala,? El Salvador, and western Honduras.

CYANOLYCA NANA

_—Cyanolyca nana (Du Bus)
Cyanocorax nanus Du Bus, 1847, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lettr.
Beaux-Arts Belg., 14, pt. 2, p. 103 — Le Mexique [= Mexico].
Subtropical and temperate zones of southern Mexico in states
of Mexico, Veracruz, and Oaxaca.
1 Probably Antigua, Department Sacatepéquez; cf. Salvin and Godman,
1887, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 501.
2 Including Sierra de las Minas.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 219

CYANOLYCA MIRABILIS

_— Cyanolyca mirabilis Nelson

Cyanolyca mirabilis Nelson, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
16, p. 154 — Omilteme, Guerrero.

Southwestern Mexico in the Sierra Madre del Sur, Guerrero.

CYANOLYCA ARGENTIGULA

— Cyanolyca argentigula albior Pitelka

Cyanolyca argentigula albior Pitelka, 1951, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 41, p. 114 — Volcan Turrialba, 9,680 feet, Costa
Rica.

Subtropical zone of the Cordillera Central of Costa Rica.

— Cyanolyca argentigula argentigula (Lawrence)

Cyanocitta argentigula Lawrence, 1875, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New
York, 11, p.88— Talamanca, Costa Rica; type locality restricted
by Pitelka (1951, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 41, p. 114) to
near Pico Blanco, above Sipurio.
1, 0© Cyanolyca blandita Bangs, 1906, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 19,
hi p- 109 — Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama.
Mountains of southern Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca) and
western Panama.

Genus CISSILOPHA Bonaparte

Cissilopha Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1 (1850), p. 380.
Type, by monotypy, Garrulus sanblasianus Lafresnaye = Pica
san-blasiana Lafresnaye.

cf. Salvin and Godman, 1904, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, pp.
496-499,

CISSILOPHA MELANOCYANEA

—™ Cissilopha melanocyanea melanocyanea (Hartlaub)

Garrulus (Cyanocorax) melanocyaneus Hartlaub, 1844, Rev. Zool.,
7, p. 215 — Guatemala.
Mountains of Guatemala and southern El Salvador (coast range
east to Volcan de Vicente), intergrading with chavezi in northern
and eastern El Salvador, and Honduras.

——— Cissilopha melanocyanea chavezi Miller and Griscom
Cissilopha melanocyanea chavezi Miller and Griscom, 1925, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 184, p. 8 — Matagalpa, Nicaragua.

Mountains of northern Nicaragua and (?) adjacent parts of
Honduras.

220 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

CISSILOPHA SANBLASIANA
San Blas Jay

—— Cissilopha sanblasiana nelsoni Bangs and Penard
we Cissilopha sanblasiana nelsoni Bangs and Penard, 1919, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p. 40 — Colima, Mexico.

Southwestern Mexico in states Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Michoa-
can, and western Guerrero.

—— Cissilopha sanblasiana sanblasiana (Lafresnaye)
..,) Pica San-Blasiana Lafresnaye, 1842, Mag. Zool., ser. 2, 4, Ois.,
pl. 28 and text— Acapulco et a San-Blas....Mexique
[|= Acapulco].
Southwestern Mexico in the central coastal region of Guerrero.

— Cissilopha sanblasiana yucatanica (Dubois)
Cyanocitta yucatanica Dubois, 1875, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lettr.
Beaux-Arts Belg., ser. 2, 40, p. 797 — Yucatan.

Southeastern Mexico and northern Central America from Yuca-
tan, Campeche (except southwestern part), and Quintana Roo south
to northeastern Guatemala (Petén district) and British Honduras.

Cissilopha sanblasiana rivularis Brodkorb
Cissilopha yucatanica rivularis Brodkorb, 1940, Auk, 57, p. 547
— Balancan, Tabasco.
Tabasco and southwestern Campeche.

CISSILOPHA BEECHEII
——-Cissilopha beecheii (Vigors)?
Pica Beechew Vigors, 1828 to 1829, Zool. Journ., 4, no. 15, p. 353
— Montereale [= Mazatlan, Sinaloa or San Blas, Nayarit,
Mexico].

Lowlands and foothills of northwestern Mexico in states of
Sonora, Sinaloa, and Nayarit.

GeNus CYANOCORAX Botrr

Cyanocorax Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, 19, part 10, col. 975. Type,
by monotypy, Corvus pileatus Temminck = Pica chrysops
Vieillot.

1 Birds of Matamoros and Aguada Seca, Campeche, are intermediate to
yucatanica, but perhaps are best referred to rivularis; cf. Traylor, 1941, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 217 and Paynter, 1955, Bull. Peabody
Mus. Nat. Hist. (Yale Univ.), 9, p. 218.

2 The occurrence of C. beecheii and C. san-blasiana in the vicinity of San
Blas, Nayarit, precludes their conspecificity. No evidence of intergradation
has been reported.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 221

Uroleuca Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1 (1850), p. 379.
Type, by subsequent designation (Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein.,
1, p. 225), Corvus cyanoleucus Wied = Corvus cristatellus Tem-
minck.

Xanthoura Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1 (1850), p. 380.
Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Sub-
gen. Birds, p. 62), Corvus peruvianus Gmelin = Corvus yncas
Boddaert.

cf. Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., Sao Paulo),

pt. 2, pp. 325-332.

Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cienc. Nat.,
12, no. 75, pp. 221-223 (Venezuela).

de Schauensee, 1951, Caldasia, 5, no. 25, pp. 881-885 (Co-
lombia).

Zimmer, 1953, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1649, pp. 1-13 (Peru).

CYANOCORAX CAERULEUS

es . .
Cyanocorax caeruleus (Vieillot)
Pica caerulea Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
26, p. 126— Paraguay; based on Azara, no.55, “Urraca
celeste’.

Southeastern Brazil in states of Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catha-
rina, and Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay (lower Pilcomayo, Sapucay,
Villa Concepcion); northeastern Argentina in gobernaciones of
Chaco and Misiones, and Province of Corrientes.

CYANOCORAX CYANOMELAS

—~~ Cyanocorax cyanomelas (Vieillot)
Pica cyanomelas Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
26, p.127— Paraguay; based on Azara no. 54, “Urraca
morada’”’.

Southeastern Peru (Cuzco)!; eastern Bolivia; southwestern Brazil
in State of Mato Grosso; Paraguay; northern Argentina in goberna-
ciones of Formosa and Misiones, and provinces of Santa Fé and
Corrientes.

CYANOCORAX VIOLACEUS

—Cyanocorax violaceus violaceus Du Bus
Cyanocorax violaceus Du Bus, 1847, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lettr.
Beaux-Arts Belg., 14, pt. 2, no. 8, p. 103 — “le Pérou’’; re-
stricted to Pebas, R. Marafion (left bank), Dept. Loreto, E.
Peru by Gyldenstolpe (1951, Ark. f. Z6ol., 2 (1), p. 271).

1 Specimen from Hacienda Villa Carmen, Cosiipata, in Chicago Nat. Hist.
Museum.

222 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Tropical zone of eastern Colombia (east of the Andes), Ecuador,
and Peru; Venezuela in states of Tachira (Santo Domingo), Por-
tuguesa, Barinas, and Guarica, and territories Bolivar and Ama-
zonas; southwestern British Guiana (Canuku Mountains)!; north-
western Brazil (upper Rio Negro, Rio Javari, Rio Jurua, and Rio
Kirt).

Cyanocorax violaceus pallidus Zimmer and Phelps

Cyanocorax violaceus pallidus Zimmer and Phelps, 1944, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1270, p. 12 — Barcelona, Anzoategui, Vene-
zuela.

Caribbean littoral of northern Venezuela in State of Anzoategui
(Barcelona; Péritu).

CYANOCORAX CRISTATELLUS

—~Cyanocorax cristatellus (Temminck)
Corvus cristatellus Temminck, 1823, Pl. Col., livr. 33, pl. 193 —
“Brésil’’.

Tableland of central and eastern Brazil from extreme southern
Maranhaéo and Piaui south through Goiaz, western Baia, and
Minas Gerais to southern Mato Grosso (Chapada; Coxim; Campo
Grande; Vaccaria) and Sao Paulo.?

CYANOCORAX HEILPRINI
-~ Cyanocorax heilprini Gentry

Cyanocorax heilprini Gentry, 1885, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, p. 90 — Rio Negro.
Extreme southern Venezuela in Territory Amazonas and adjacent
parts of northwestern Brazil in region of the upper Rio Negro and
Rio Uaupés (Jauareté).

CYANOCORAX CAYANUS
_— Cyanocorax cayanus (Linnaeus)

Corvus cayanus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 157 —
Cayenne; based on ‘‘Le Geay de Cayenne” Brisson, 1760, Orn.,
2, p. 52, pl. 4, fig. 1 — Cayenne.

1 Pertaining to a Schomburgk specimen (British Museum) and long er-
roneously cited as the type locality of Cyanocorax hyacinthinus Cabanis.
Zimmer, op. cit. pp. 3-4, has shown that hyacinthinus, a synonym of violaceus,
is based on a specimen in the Berlin Museum collected by Karl [Carl] Moritz
in ‘‘Venezuela’’ [= Barinas, Venezuela, fide Zimmer, 1953).

2 An early record for Parandé (Curitiba) is doubtful and requires con-
firmation.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 223

Tropical zone of southeastern Venezuela in State of Bolivar (west
to Rio Caura); the Guianas; northern Brazil in region of the Rio
Negro (Manaus) and Rio Branco (Serra Carauma).*

CYANOCORAX AFFINIS
—Cyanocorax affinis zeledoni Ridgway

Cyanocorax affinis zeledoni Ridgway, 1899, Auk, 16, p. 255 —
Talamanca, Costa Rica.
Caribbean slope of southeastern Costa Rica (north at least to

the Banana River), and tropical and lower subtropical zones? of
Panama.

—Cyanocorax affinis affinis Pelzeln

Cyanocorax affinis Pelzeln, 1856, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
math.-naturwiss. K]., 20 (1), p. 164 — “Bogota”.

Tropical and lower subtropical zones of northern and northeastern
Colombia, including the Santa Marta region, and south in the west?
to Rio San Juan and Huila; northwestern Venezuela in the states
of Zulia, Tachira, Mérida, Trujillo, western Lara, and Falcon.

CYANOCORAX CHRYSOPS
Cyanocorax chrysops diesingii Pelzeln

Cyanocorax diesingii Pelzeln, 1856, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, math.-naturwiss. Cl., 20 (1), p.164— Borba, Rio
Madeira.

Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, in states of Amazonas
(right bank of Rio Madeira) and Para (lower Rio Tapajoz).

__--Cyanocorax chrysops cyanopogon (Wied)

Corvus cyanopogon Wied, 1821, Reise nach Brasilien, p. 137 —
Rio Cachoeira [a headwater of the Rio Ilhéos, eastern Baia].

Tableland of eastern Brazil from Maranhao, Piaui, and Ceara

south to Minas Gerais and eastern Mato Grosso in the region of
the Rio das Mortes.

Cyanocorax chrysops interpositus Pinto

Cyanocorax chrysops interpositus Pinto, 1954, Papéis Avulsos,
Dept. Zool., Sao Paulo, 12, p.75— Mangabeira (Usina Si-
nimbu), Alagoas, Brazil.

Known only from the unique type.*

1 Presumably present eastward for an unknown distance north of the
Amazon.

2 To 5,300 feet in vicinity of Volcén de Chiriqui.

3 Birds from Juradé show a slight approach to zeledoni of Panama; fide
de Schauensee, 1951.

4 A female, described as exactly intermediate between the birds of southern
Brazil and of Bahia and central Brazil, establishes a connection between
C. chrysops and C.cyanopogon.

224 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

——Cyanocorax chrysops chrysops (Vieillot)

Pica chrysops Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
26, p. 124 — Paraguay; based on Azara, no. 53, “Acahé”’.

Eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil (southern
Mato Grosso!; Sao Paulo; Parand; Rio Grande do Sul) south to
Uruguay and northeastern Argentina in gobernaciones of Formosa,
Chaco, and Misiones, and provinces of Corrientes and Entre Rios.

“ Cyanocorax chrysops tucumanus Cabanis

Cyanocorax tucumanus Cabanis, 1883, Journ. f. Orn., 31, p. 216
— Tucuman.

Northwestern Argentina in provinces of Salta, Tucuman, Cata-
marca, and La Rioja.

CYANOCORAX MYSTACALIS

-—Cyanocorax mystacalis (Geoffroy St. Hilaire)
Pica mystacalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1835, Mag. Zool., 5, el. 2,
pl. 34 — Guayaquil [Ecuador].
Arid tropical zone of southwestern Ecuador (north to Province
of Guayas) and northwestern Peru south to Department of La
Libertad.

CYANOCORAX DICKEYI

—— Cyanocorax dickeyi Moore

Cyanocorax dickeyi Moore, 1935, Auk, 52, p. 275 — Rancho Batel,
5 miles NE. of Santa Lucia, Sinaloa, Mexico (altitude 5,200 ft.).

Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico in southeastern
Sinaloa, central Nayarit, and southwestern Durango.

CYANOCORAX YNCAS
Green Jay

Cyanocorax yncas speciosus (Nelson)
Xanthoura luxuosa speciosa Nelson, 1900, Auk, 17, p. 265 — San
Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico.
Pacific slope of Mexico in Nayarit and Jalisco.

——Cyanocorax yncas vividus (Ridgway)
Xanthoura luxuosa vivida Ridgway, 1900, Auk, 17, p. 28 — Pluma,
Oaxaca [Mexico].
1 Birds from Uructim were erroneously assigned by Naumburg (1930, Bull.

Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 60, p.401) to tucumanus; fide Hellmayr, op. cit.,
p. 19, footnote.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 225

Pacific side of southern Mexico and western Guatemala from
Colima! and Guerrero to Department of Solola (Patulul).

——Cyanocorax yncas luxuosus (Lesson)
Garrulus luxuosus Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 100 — Mexico.

Xanthoura luxuosa glaucescens Ridgway, 1900, Auk, 17, p. 28 —
Forth Brown, Texas.

Lower Rio Grande valley and southeastern corner of Texas south
through eastern and south-central Mexico (Guanajuato; Distrito
Federal) to Puebla and central Veracruz; intergrades with vivida
in southeastern portion of Sierra de Tuxtla and Catemaco region
of Veracruz.

: ~ Cyanocorax yncas centralis (van Rossem)

Xanthoura luxuosa centralis van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 77, p. 397 — Secanquim, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.
Southeastern Mexico from extreme eastern Tabasco and adjacent
parts of Chiapas (Petalcingo; Tumbala) south through extreme
southern Quintana Roo, British Honduras, northern and eastern
Guatemala to Honduras.

——Cyanocorax yncas maya (van Rossem)
Xanthoura luxuosa maya van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 77, p. 397 — Rio Lagartos, Yucatan.
Xanthoura luxuosa cozumelae van Rossem?, 1934, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 77, p.397— Cozumel Island, off the coast of
Quintana Roo, Mexico.

Yucatan Peninsula (exclusive of extreme southern Quintana
Roo) and (?) Cozumel Island.

—— Cyanocorax yncas galeatus (Ridgway)

Xanthoura yncas galeata Ridgway, 1900, Auk, 17, p. 27 —
Western Colombia [= El Edén, Central Andes (Tolima side),
suggested by Chapman (1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, p. 637)].

Subtropical zone of Colombia west of the Eastern Andes.?

—— Cyanocorax yncas cyanodorsalis (Dubois)

Xanthoura yncas var. cyanodorsalis Dubois, 1874, Bull. Acad. Roy.
Belg., (2), 38, p. 492 — “Nouvelle Grenade” [= Colombia].

1 Colima birds are intermediate between speciosa and vivida, but some-
what nearer vivida.

2 Known only from two unsexed specimens (British Museum) collected by
Gaumer in 1886. These birds constitute the sole Cozumel Island records of
the species.

3 Not recorded in the Santa Marta Mountains, and replaced in the upper
Cauca and Patia valleys by the nominate form.

226 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Subtropical zone of the Eastern Andes of Colombia and north-
western Venezuela (Zulia; southern Lara; Mérida; Tachira; Barinas).

——Cyanocorax yncas guatimalensis (Bonaparte)
Xanthoura guatimalensis Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1
(1850), p. 3880 — Guatemala; error [= Caracas, Venezuela, fide
van Rossem (1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 396)].
Xanthoura yncas var. caeruleocephala Dubois, 1874, Bull. Acad.
Roy. Belg., (2), 38, p. 493 — ‘“‘Venezuela”’ [= Caracas].
Mountains of northern Venezuela in states of Falcon, Lara (Cerros

El Cerrén and El Cogollal), Aragua, Guarico, Sucre, and Anzoategui
(Pariaguan).

—— Cyanocorax yncas yncas (Boddaert)

Corvus yncas Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. enlum., p. 38; based on
Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 625 — Peru; type locality restricted
by Zimmer (1953, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 25, p. 7) to Chilpes,
Dept. Junin.

Subtropical zone of southwestern Colombia, in valleys of the upper

Cauca, Patia, and San Miguel, south through eastern Ecuador and
Peru to central Bolivia (La Paz; Cochabamba).

Cyanocorax yncas longirostris (Carriker)
Xanthoura yncas longirostris Carriker, 1933, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 85, p.30— Soquian, Maranon Valley, Prov.
Huamachuco, Dept. [La] Libertad, Peru; alt. 8,000 feet.

Northern Peru at altitudes of 3,000—8,000 feet in the arid upper
Rio Marafion Valley.

Genus PSILORHINUS RUPPELL
Psilorhinus Riippell, 1837, Mus. Senckenb., 2, heft 2, p. 188,

Type, by monotypy, Psilorhinus mexicanus Riippell.
cf. Wetmore, 1943, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 93, pp. 296-299 (morio
and “‘mexicanus” in Veracruz).
Davis, 1951, Condor, 53, pp. 152-153 (races in Mexico).
Pitelka, Selander, and Alvarez del Toro, 1956, Condor, 58,
pp. 98-106 (hybridization with Calocitta formosa).

Selander, 1959, Auk, 76, pp. 385-417 (analysis of polymor-
phism).

PSILORHINUS MORIO
Psilorhinus morio palliatus van Rossem

Psilorhinus morio palliatus van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 77, p. 415 — Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 227

Northeastern Mexico from Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas south
to central Veracruz, and Sierra Madre of Veracruz (above 2,000
feet alt.) south at least to Cordoba.

—Psilorhinus morio morio (Wagler)!
Pica morio Wagler, 1829, Isis von Oken, col. 751 — Mexico
[= Alvarado, Veracruz, fide Stresemann (1954, Condor, 56,
p- 89)].
Pica fuliginosa Lesson, 1830 (?), Traité Orn., livr.5, p. 333 —
“Mexique”’ [= Coatzacoalcos (Puerto México), Veracruz, fide
Selander (1960, Auk, 77, p. 224)].

+ __ 2 Psilorhinus mexicanus Riippell, 1837, Mus. Senckenb., 2, heft 2,
p- 189, pl. 11, fig. 2— Tamalipas [sic] [= central or southern
Veracruz (7), fide Selander (1959, Auk, 76, p. 411)].?

Southeastern Mexico from coastal plain of central Veracruz south
and east to eastern Tabasco (Montecristo) and northern Chiapas
(Palenque).

Psilorhinus morio cyanogenys Sharpe

Psilorhinus cyanogenys Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3,
p- 140, pl. 9— Pearl-Bay Lagoon, Mosquito [= Pearl Cay
Lagoon, Nicaragua].

Psilorhinus mexicanus captus Kennard and Peters, 1927, Proc.
New Engl. Zool. Club, 10, p. 2 — Chiriquicito, northwestern
Panama.

Extreme eastern Tabasco (Balancan) and southwestern Campeche
(Pacayttin) south and east through Central America (except El
Salvador), to western Panama (Almirante Bay region).

———~ Psilorhinus morio vociferus (Cabot)

ti. pe Corvus vociferus Cabot, 1843, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1,
i/ p. 155 — Yucatan.

Northern Yucatan Peninsula in Campeche, Yucatan, and Quin-
tana Roo.?

1 A polymorphic race in which there is largely random occurence of both
brown-tailed and ‘‘white-tipped”’ individuals. The northernmost authentic
record for the white-tipped morph (‘‘mexicanus’’ auct.) is near Plan del Rio,
Veracruz, lat. 19° 25’ N. The brown-tailed morph has been found south to
Montecristo, Tabasco.

2 The origin of Riippell’s type is doubtful as no other “‘white-tipped” bird
has been reported north of Veracruz.

3 Intergrades with cyanogenys in southern Campeche and along the Rio
Hondo between Quintana Roo and British Honduras.

228 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Genus CALOCITTA Gray

Calocitta Gray, 1841, List Gen. Birds, ed. 2, p. 50. Type, by
original designation, Pica bullockii Wagler = Pica formosa
Swainson.

ef. Griscom, 1932, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 64, pp. 401-402

(notes on variation).

CALOCITTA FORMOSA

——~Calocitta formosa colliei (Vigors)!
Pica colliei Vigors, Oct. 1828—Jan. 1829, Zool. Journ., 4, no. 15,
p. 353, pl. 12 (1829) — San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico.
Calocitta colliei arguta van Rossem, 1942, Trans. San Diego Soc.
Nat. Hist., 9, p. 379 — Chinobampo, southern Sonora, Mexico.

Western Mexico from southern Sonora and western Chihuahua
south to Nayarit, Jalisco, and possibly Guanajuato.”

———-Calocitta formosa formosa (Swainson)
Pica formosa Swainson, 1827, Philos. Mag., N.8., 1, p. 437 —
Temiscaltipec, Mexico.

Southern Mexico from Colima, Michoacan, and Puebla south to
Oaxaca, where intergradation with C. f. azwrae is evident.

_—_—. Calocitta formosa azurea Nelson
Calocitta formosa azurea Nelson, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 55 — Huchue-
tan, Chiapas, Mexico.
Pacific slopes of Chiapas and Guatemala.

——~Calocitta formosa pompata Bangs
tu, Calocitta formosa pompata Bangs, 1914, Proc. New England Zool.
Club, 4, p. 102 — Bolson, northwestern Costa Rica.
Calocitta formosa impudens van Rossem, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 54, p.172— Pine Peak, Volcan de Conchagua, El
Salvador.
Arid interior of eastern Oaxaca, interior of Chiapas and Atlantic
side of Guatemala (Motagua Valley), south through El Salvador
and Honduras to Costa Rica.

Genus GARRULUS Brisson
Garrulus Brisson, 1760, Ornithologie, 1, p. 30. Type, by tauto-
nomy, ‘“Garrulus,” ibid., 2, p. 47 = Corvus glandarius Linnaeus.
1 Possibly specifically distinct from C. formosa; cf. Selander (1959, Condor,
61, p. 218).
2 Based on a single specimen of doubtful affinities; cf. Dugés (1869,
Naturaliste, 1, p. 139).

FAMILY CORVIDAE 229

Laletris Reichenow, 1906, Orn. Monatsb., 14, p. 88. Type, by
monotypy, Garrulus lancelatus Vigors.

cf. Kleiner, 1940, Aquila, 42-45 (1935-1938), pp. 141-226; 542-
549 (revision of glandarius).

Stresemann, 1940, Orn. Monatsb., 48, pp. 102-104 (groups of
races in glandarius).

Voous, 1945, Limosa, 18, pp. 11-22 (northern and eastern
Asiatic races of glandarius).

Voous, 1953, Beaufortia, 2, no. 30, pp. 1-41 (variation in Euro-
pean populations of glandarius).

GARRULUS GLANDARIUS
Jay
——Garrulus glandarius rufitergum Hartert

Garrulus glandarius rufitergum Hartert, 1903, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
p. 30 — Tring, Herts., England.

Garrulus glandarius armoricanus Lebeurier and Rapine, 1939,

Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn., p. 219 — Fouesnant, Finistére, Brit-
tany.

Brittany, and England and Wales north to southern Scotland.

Garrulus glandarius hibernicus Witherby and Hartert

Garrulus glandarius hibernicus Witherby and Hartert, 1911, Brit.
Birds, 4, p. 231 — County Wexford, Ireland.

Garrulus glandarius caledoniensis Hazelwood and Gorton, 1953,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 73, p. 1 — Pitlochry, Perthshire, Scotland.

Ireland, and Scotland north of rufitergum.

—

“"Garrulus glandarius glandarius (Linnaeus)

Corvus glandarius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 106 —
“Kuropa;”’ restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, V6g. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 29).

Garrulus glandarius athesiensis von Burg, 1920, Der Weidmann

(Biilach-Ziirich), p. 394 — Miinstertal, eastern Graubiinden,
Switzerland.

Garrulus hilgerti Kleinschmidt, 1940, Falco, 36, p. 8 — Rhine.

Garrulus glandarius ferdinandi Kleiner, 1943, Aquila, 50, p. 369
— Skef, near Burgas, eastern Bulgaria.

Continental Europe from Scandinavia, central and southern
Russia (but not Crimea where replaced by iphigenia), south to the
Pyrenees, where intergrades with fasciatus (but not Brittany where
replaced by rufitergum), Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Romania,
and Bulgaria. Intergrades with sewerzowit in Finland, western
Russia, Baltic States, and eastern Poland; with cretorwm in Bul-
garia and Romania.

230 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Garrulus glandarius fasciatus (Brehm)

G[landarius] garrulus fasciatus A. KE. Brehm, 1857, Allgem. Deutsch.
Naturhist. Zeit., p. 446 — Spain.

Garrulus glandarius kleinschmidti Hartert, 1903, Vog. pal. Fauna,
1, p. 30 — Sierra Nevada, southern Spain.

Garrulus glandarius lusitanicus Voous, 1953, Beaufortia, 2, no. 30,
p. 39 — Linares de Riofrio, Salamanca, Spain.
Iberian Peninsula.

——— Garrulus sglandarius ichnusae Kleinschmidt

Garrulus ichnusae Kleinschmidt, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 92
— Sardinia.

Sardinia.

Garrulus glandarius corsicanus Laubmann

Garrulus glandarius corsicanus Laubmann, 1912, Verh. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 11, p. 164 — Corsica.

Corsica.

Garrulus glandarius albipectus Kleinschmidt

Garrulus albipectus Kleinschmidt, 1920, Falco, 16, p. 28 —
Firenze, Tuscany.

Garrulus glandarius yugoslavicus Voous, 1953, Beaufortia, 2, no.
30, p. 39 — Konjic, Hercegovina, Yugoslavia
Italy, Sicily, Yugoslavia and perhaps to Albania.

Garrulus glandarius cretorum Meinertzhagen

Garrulus glandarius cretorum Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 19 — Mt. Ida. Crete.

Garrulus glandarius graecus Kleiner, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
59, p. 71 — Taiyetos Mts., Peloponnesus, Greece.
Greece and Crete.

——~~Garrulus glandarius glaszneri Madarasz

Garrulus glaszneri Madarasz, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10, p. 163 —
Cyprus.

Cyprus.

“—~ Garrulus glandarius cervicalis Bonaparte

Garrulus cervicalis Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 37, p. 828 — Algeria.

Garrulus glandarius koenigi Tschusi, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15, p. 99
— Ain Draham, Tunisia.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 231

Garrulus lambessae Kleinschmidt, 1912, Falco, 8, p. 51 — eastern
Algeria; the type is from Lambése, according to Kleinschmidt
(‘1935”, Kat. meiner orn. Samml., p. 123).

Northern Tunisia and Algeria west to the Department of Alger.

Garrulus glandarius whitakeri Hartert
Garrulus glandarius whitakeri Hartert, 1903, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
p. 33 — Tangier.
Northern Morocco eastward to the Department of Oran in western
Algeria.
Garrulus glandarius minor Verreaux
Garrulus minor Verreaux, 1857, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris), p. 439,
pl. 14 — Algeria [= Djelfa, southern Algeria].
Garrulus glandarius theresae Meinertzhagen, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 59, p. 67 — Azrou, Middle Atlas, Morocco.
Saharian Atlas, and also Middle and Grand Atlas in Morocco.

Garrulus glandarius atricapillus Geoffroy St. Hilaire’
Garrulus atricapillus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1832, Etudes, Zool.,
pl. 3 — Mt. Liban, Lebanon.
Southern Asia Minor (Cilician Taurus), south to Palestine, east
to northern and western Iraq and western and southern Iran;
intergrades with krynicki in the region of Dohuk in northern Iraq.

~—~"*Garrulus glandarius rhodius Salvadori and Festa
Garrulus rhodius Salvadori and Festa, 1913, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Anat. Comp. Torino, 28, no. 673, p. 2 — Rhodes.
Rhodes.

Garrulus glandarius krynicki Kaleniczenko?

Garrulus Krynicki Kaleniczenko, 1839, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat.
Moscou, 12, p. 325, pl. 9 — Georgievsk [northern Caucasus].

Garrulus glandarius zervasi Kleiner, 1940, Aquila, 42—45 (1935-
1938), p. 543 — Mytilene.

Garrulus glandarius chiou Kleiner, 1940, op. cit., p. 544 — Chios.

Garrulus glandarius samios, Kleiner, 1940, Joc. cit. — Vathy,
Samos.

Asia Minor (but replaced in the Cilician Taurus by atricapillus),
and Aegean Islands, eastward to the Caucasus, Transcaucasia,
Azerbaijan, and Talych; secondary intergradation® takes place
with hyrcanus in the region of Lenkoran.

1 Garrulus melanocephalus Gené, 1834, from Baalbek, Lebanon, of Sharpe’s
““Hand-list” is a synonym.

2 lendli Madarasz, 1907, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list” is a synonym.

3 The hybrids have been described as caspius by Seebohm, 1883, Ibis,
p. 8 — Lenkoran, which is recognized by Sharpe.

16

232 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

_-———Garrulus glandarius iphigenia Sushkin and Ptuschenko

Garrulus glandarius iphigenia Sushkin and Ptuschenko, 1914,
Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 4 — Koreis, southern Crimea.

Crimea, to (possibly) Dnepropetrovsk, southeastern Ukraine.

~———~ Garrulus glandarius hyrcanus Blanford

et

Garrulus hyrcanus Blanford, 1873, Ibis, p. 225 — Mazenderan.

Southern Caspian districts of northern Iran from Talych (see
krynicki) eastward to Gurgan.

Garrulus glandarius sewerzowii Bogdanov
Garrulus glandarius var. Sewerzowii Bogdanov, 1871, Ptitsy i

Zveri Chernozem Polos. Povolzhia, p. 115 — Kazan and Sim-
birsk.
Russia (north of nominate glandarius) south to the gouvernments
of Viatka, Perm, and Ufa, north to Archangel. In winter south
to Orenburg, Samara, Simbirsk, Kazan, and to Norway and Sweden.

Garrulus glandarius brandtii Eversmann
Garrulus brandtii Eversmann, 1842, Addenda Pallas Zoogr., 3,
p. 8 — Altai.
Garrulus glandarius taczanowsku Lonnberg, 1908, Journ. College
Sci. Tokyo, 23, art. 14, p. 7 — Sakhalin.
Garrulus glandarius bambergi Lonnberg, 1909, Ark. f. Zool., 5,
no. 9, p. 12 — Ibizik and Kiran, northern Mongolia.

Garrulus brandti ussuriensis Buturlin, 1910, Mess. Orn., 1, p. 287
— Ussuriland.

Garrulus glandarius pallidifrons Kuroda, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 47, p. 149 — Hokkaido.

Garrulus brandtii okai Momiyama, 1927, Journ. Chosen Nat. Hist.
Soc., no. 4, p. 5 — Koryo, central Korea.

Garrulus glandarius kurilensis Bergman, 1931, Ark. f. Zool.,
23 B, no. 3, p. 1 — Kunashiri, southern Kuriles.

Northeastern Russia in the Pechora region, Urals (but replaced
in the western foothills by sewerzowii), eastward through Siberia
in the taiga and also the forests of the Salair and Kuznetsk Moun-
tains, the Altai and the Sayans, to Transbaicalia south to north-
eastern Mongolia and Urga, Amurland north to the Stanovoi Range,
northern and central Manchuria, Korea, Ussuriland, Sakhalin, Hok-
kaido, and southern Kuriles.

__—~“Garrulus glandarius kansuensis Stresemann

Garrulus glandarius kansuensis Stresemann, 1928, Orn. Monatsb.,
36, p.41 —near Tschau-tou, “northern Kansu.”’
Sinkiang in the foothills of the Tian Shan to eastern Tsinghai
and neighboring Kansu.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 233

——— Garrulus glandarius pekingensis Reichenow

Garrulus glandarius pekingensis Reichenow, 1905, Journ. f. Orn.,
53, p. 425 — Peking.
T 4eeGarrulus diaphorus La Touche, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35,
p. 98 — northeastern Hopeh.

Northern Hopeh to perhaps southwestern Manchuria.

—_— Garrulus glandarius sinensis Swinhoe

Garrulus sinensis Swinhoe, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 381
— “South China westwards to Szechuen.”’

Garrulus rufescens Reichenow, 1897, Orn. Monatsb., 5, p. 123 —
northern Yunnan.

Garrulus glandarius minhoensis Kleiner, 1940, Aquila, 42-45
(1935-1938), p.185— Buge near Tsaupo, and Kwanhsien,
western Szechwan.

Garrulus glandarius rubrosus Kleiner, 1940, ibid., p. 186 — Han-
kow and (?) Wusuch.

Eastern and western China from Kiangsu, Shensi, and Szechwan
south to Kwangsi and Kwangtung, and westward through southern
Sikang to northern Yunnan and northeastern Burma.

——~Garrulus glandarius taivanus Gould

Garrulus taivanus Gould, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 282
— Formosa.

Formosa.

———Garrulus glandarius leucotis Hume!

Garrulus leucotis Hume, 1874, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 106 —
no locality [= Kyauknyat, Tenasserim].

Burma south to Tenasserim, eastward through Thailand, central
Laos, southern Annam, and Cochin China; not found in the Karen
Hills and plains of southern Burma, and replaced in the northeast
by sinensis, and in the upper Chindwin and Chin Hills by oatesi
and haringtoni.

1 The populations of Burma and Assam belong to two types connected
by intermediate forms. The pure types are Jewcotis which is uniformly black
on center and posterior of crown, and white on forecrown, ear coverts, and
throat; and persaturatus which is strongly vinous throughout and not black
or streaked on crown. The intermediates are oatesi (broadly streaked with
black but not uniformly black on crown); haringtoni (streaks on crown
brownish and faint, forecrown, ear coverts, and throat buff, but not white);
and azureitinctus (more vinous than haringtonit but paler than persaturatus,
forehead and throat pale but slightly tinged with vinous, streaks on crown
similar to those of haringtoni, or lacking). Birds from Naga Hills are similar
to those of Manipur but slightly darker. Specimens of oatesi, or from Lushai
and Mishmi Hills have not been examined by me and distribution of all
intermediate forms seems to require further study.

16*

234 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Garrulus glandarius oatesi Sharpe

Garrulus oatesi Sharpe, 1896, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 44 — Chin
Hills.

Upper Chindwin and Chin Hills.

——— Garrulus glandarius haringtoni Rippon

Garrulus haringtont Rippon, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, p. 97
— Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills.

Southern Chin Hills, perhaps restricted to Mount Victoria.

Garrulus glandarius azureitinctus Koelz

Garrulus glandarius azureitinctus Koelz, 1951, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India. 3 (1), p. 30 — Karon (Sungtun), Manipur.

Eastern Assam in the Lushai Hills (perhaps), north to Manipur,
Naga Hills, and perhaps the Mishmi Hills where, however, the
population may be more similar to interstinctus.

Garrulus glandarius persaturatus Hartert

Garrulus bispecularis persaturatus Hartert, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25,
p. 430 — Shillong, Khasia Hills.

Khasia Hills.

—eesGarrulus glandarius interstinctus Hartert
Garrulus bispecularis interstinctus Hartert, 1918, Novit. Zool., 25,
p. 480 — Darjeeling.
Eastern Himalayas in Bhutan, Sikkim, and northern West Ben-
gal, and in southeastern Tibet to Pome.

Garrulus glandarius bispecularis Vigors

Garrulus bispecularis Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 7
— Himalayas, restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst
and Whistler (1924, Ibis, p. 471).

Himalayas from Nepal westward to Kashmir.

_— Garrulus glandarius japonicus Temminck and Schlegel

Garrulus glandarius japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1848, in
Siebold’s Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 83, pl. 43 — Japan.

Garrulus glandarius namiyei Kuroda, 1922, Ibis, p. 102 — Tsu-
shima.

Garrulus japonicus nakaokae Momiyama, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 48, p. 19 — Shikoku.

Garrulus japonicus kakes Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient.,
1, p. 6— Rikuchu Prov., Hondo.

Hondo (except on the Izu Peninsula), Shikoku, northern Kyushu,

and Tsushima.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 235

Garrulus glandarius tokugawae Taka-Tsukasa
Garrulus glandarius tokugawae Taka-Tsukasa, 1931, Tori, 7, p. 110
— Sado Island.
Sado Island.

Garrulus glandarius hiugaensis Momiyama
Garrulus japonicus hiugaensis Momiyama, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 48, p. 19 — Hiuga Prov., southern Kyushu.
Garrulus japonicus shimoizumii Momiyama, 1939, Ddbuts.
Zasshi, 51, no. 6, p. 380 — near Shimoda, Izu Prov., Hondo.
een Hondo (Izu Peninsula), southern Kyushu, and Kago-
shima.

Garrulus glandarius orii Kuroda
Garrulus glandarius orii Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p. 86 — Yakushima.
Yakushima Island.

GARRULUS LANCEOLATUS

Garrulus lanceolatus Vigors
Garrulus lanceolatus Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 7
— Himalayas, restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst
and Whistler (1924, Ibis, p. 471).
Eastern Afghanistan (Safed Koh and region south of the Hindu
Kush), North West Frontier Province, and western Himalayas east-
ward to Nepal.

GARRULUS LIDTHI

—— Garrulus lidthi Bonaparte
Garrulus lidthi Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 376 —
“Asia orientali’? [= Amami Oshima].
Northern Ryu Kyus in Amami Oshima and Toku-no-Shima.

Genus PERISOREUS! Bonaparte

Perisoreus Bonaparte, 1831, Giorn. Arcadico, 49, p. 42. Type, by
subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 37),
Corvus canadensis Linnaeus.

Boanerges Thayer and Bangs, 1912, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 40,
p. 200. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Boanerges
internigrans Thayer and Bangs.

ef. Sushkin and Stegmann, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., 77, pp. 386-406

(revision of infaustus).

1 Not Cractes Billberg, 1828, a synonym of Garrulus Brisson, see Zimmer,
1944, Auk, 61, p. 647.

236 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Austin, 1932, Mem. Nuttall Ornith. Club, 7, pp. 157-165
(races of canadensis).

Aldrich, 1943, Wilson Bull. 55, pp. 217-222 (northwestern races
of canadensis).

Rand, 1948, Bull. Nat. Mus. Canada, 111, pp. 50-53 (races of
canadensis).

PERISOREUS CANADENSIS
Gray Jay
~————= Perisoreus canadensis pacificus (Gmelin)
Corvus pacificus Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p.372—Zin
insulis Maris australis [= Norton Sound, Alaska].
Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons Ridgway, 1880, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., 3, p. 5 — St. Michael, Alaska.

North-central Alaska (Kobuk River; Endicott Mountains; Fort
Yukon), northern Yukon, and northwestern Mackenzie south in
Alaska to lat. 60° N.

———.Perisoreus canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus)

Corvus canadensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 158.
Based on Le Geay brun de Canada, Garrulus Canadensis fuscus
Brisson, Ornithologia, 2, p.54, pl.4, fig.2—in Canada
[= Quebec, fide Oberholser (1914, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
27, p. 49)].

Canada and northern United States from central Yukon and
southern Mackenzie east to central Quebec, New Brunswick, and
Prince Edward Island, south to central interior British Columbia,
northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, northern Minnesota,
northern Wisconsin, northern Michigan, southern Ontario, north-
eastern New York, northern Vermont, northern New Hampshire,
and Maine. Winters south to Massachusetts, and casually to central
Minnesota, southeastern Wisconsin, and central New York.

|

“== Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus Ridgway

Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 5, no. 1, p. 15 — Labrador.

Perisoreus canadensis barbourt Brooks, 1920, Proc. New England
Zool. Club, 7, p. 49 — Ellis Bay, Anticosti Island, Gulf of St.
Lawrence, Canada.

Eastern Canada from northern Quebec (within tree limits) and

Labrador south to southeastern Quebec (Mingan; Blanc Sablon),
Anticosti Island, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia.

~~ Perisoreus canadensis arcus Miller

Perisoreus canadensis arcus Miller, 1950, Condor, 52, p. 46. New
name for Perisoreus canadensis pacificus Miller, preoccupied —

FAMILY CORVIDAE 237

Mount Brilliant, 5,000 feet, Rainbow Mountains [north of Bella
Coola River], Coast District, British Columbia.

Rainbow Mountains area, central coast range, British Columbia.

Perisoreus canadensis albescens Peters
Perisoreus canadensis albescens Peters, 1920, Proc. New England
Zool. Club, 7, p. 51 — Red Deer, Alberta.
Northeastern British Columbia and northwestern Alberta (Peace
River), southeastward, east of the Rocky Mountains, to western
South Dakota (Black Hills) and northwestern Nebraska.

——— Perisoreus canadensis bicolor Miller
Perisoreus canadensis bicolor Miller, 1933, Trans. San Diego Soc.
Nat. Hist., 7, p. 294 — 4 miles west Meadow Creek, elevation
3,000 feet, Boundary County, Idaho.
Southeastern British Columbia, extreme southwestern Alberta,
and eastern Washington south to northeastern Oregon, central
Idaho (Salmon River Mountains), and western Montana.

~——~Perisoreus canadensis capitalis Ridgway
Perisoreus canadensis, var. capitalis Ridgway, 1874, Bull. Essex
Inst., 5, no. 11 (1873), pp. 193; 199 — Henry’s Fork, Wyoming
Ter. [= Utah].

Rocky Mountains from south-central and southeastern Idaho
(Sawtooth Mountains; Teton) and southwestern Montana south
through western and southern Wyoming, eastern Utah, and western
and central Colorado to central eastern Arizona (White Mountains)
and north-central New Mexico.

———— Perisoreus canadensis griseus Ridgway
Perisoreus obscurus griseus Ridgway, 1899, Auk, 16, p. 225 —
Keechelus Lake, Kittinas [= Kittitas] Co., Washington.
Perisoreus canadensis connexus Aldrich, 1943, Wilson Bull., 55,
p. 217 — Bald Mountain, northwestern Okanogan County,
Washington.
Southwestern British Columbia and Vancouver Island south
through central Washington and central Oregon to north-central
and northeastern California (Trinity, Siskiyou, and Modoc counties).

~~ Perisoreus canadensis obscurus Ridgway
Perisoreus canadensis, var. obscurus Ridgway, 1874, Bull. Essex
Inst., 5, no. 11 (1873), p. 194 — northwest coast, from the
Columbia to Alaska [= Shoalwater Bay, Washington].
Perisoreus canadensis rathbuni Oberholser, 1917, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 30, p. 185 — Lake Crescent, Clallam County,
Washington.

238 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Coastal belt of northwestern United States from Washington
(Crescent Lake; Seattle; Columbia River) south through western
Oregon to Mendocino County, northwestern California.

PERISOREUS INFAUSTUS
Siberian Jay

_—Perisoreus infaustus infaustus (Linnaeus)

Corvus infaustus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 107 —
“Europae alpinis sylvis;’ restricted to Sweden by Hartert
(1903, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 34).

Lapland south to northern Norway and Sweden, northern Fin-

land, and Kola Peninsula.

Perisoreus infaustus ostjakorum Sushkin and Stegmann

Perisoreus infaustus ostjakorum Sushkin and Stegmann, 1929,
Journ. f. Orn., 77, p. 393 — Obdorsk, northwestern Siberia.

Arctic Urals and northwestern Siberia eastward to the lower
Yenisei, south to Tara and the Vasyugan River in the west, and
to Turukhansk on the Yenisei.

Perisoreus infaustus yakutensis Buturlin

Perisoreus infaustus yakutensis Buturlin, 1916, Mess. Orn., pp. 39,
43 — Achiche, region of Sredne Kolymsk, lower Kolyma.

Perisoreus infaustus monjerensis Sushkin and Stegmann, 1929,
Journ. f. Orn., 77, p. 398 — Monjero River, upper Khatanga
at lat. 66° 26’ N.

Perisoreus infaustus bunget Sushkin and Stegmann, 1929, loc. cit.,
— “not far from the mouth of the Lena, 110 km. below Bulun.”’

Cractes infaustus sokolnikowi Dementiev, 1935, Alauda, p 154
— Anadyr.

From the right bank of the Yenisei eastward to Anadyrland, in
the basins of the Khatanga and Olenek Rivers, Lena below Zhigansk,
Verkhoyansk Range, and the basins of the Yana and Indigirka,
and middle and lower Kolyma.

~Perisoreus infaustus ruthenus Buturlin

Perisoreus infaustus ruthenus Buturlin, 1916, Mess. Orn., pp. 40,
43 — Sofrino, gouvernement of Moscow.

Cractes infaustus manteufeli Stachanov, 1928, Verh. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 18, p. 152 — Wandych River, frontier of the gouverne-
ments of Archangel and Vologda.

Central Norway and Sweden, southern Kola Peninsula, northern

and central Russia, and western Siberia (south of ostjakorum with
which it intergrades, intergrading also with nominate infaustus in

FAMILY CORVIDAE 239

north-central Scandinavia and in northwestern Russia), south to
Tobolsk eastward to Tara, intergrading with rogosowi in the south-
east.

—— Perisoreus infaustus opicus Bangs

~\- © Perisoreus infaustus opicus Bangs, 1913, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
54, p. 474 — Topucha, Russian Altai.

Central and western Russian Altai, western Sayan, and regions
of Minusinsk and Krasnoyarsk.

——— Perisoreus infaustus rogosowi Sushkin and Stegmann
Perisoreus infaustus rogosowi Sushkin and Stegmann, 1929, Journ.
f. Orn., 77, p. 392 — Taishet, central Siberia.
Central Siberia from Tomsk and Salair Mountains eastward to
Irkutsk and middle Yenisei to Imbatskoe, but not in the region
from Krasnoyarsk to Ilanski where it is replaced by opicus.

—-—. Perisoreus infaustus sibericus (Boddaert)

Corvus Sibericus Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. enlum., p. 37 — Si-
beria; restricted to southwestern Kentei on the border of
Transbaicalia by Sushkin and Stegmann (op. cit., p. 394).

Perisoreus infaustus caudatus Buturlin, 1913, Dnevn. Zool. Otd.
Imp. Obsht. Liubit. Estestv., anthr. ethn., nov. ser., 1, no. 1,
p. 58 — Koso Gol, northern Mongolia; or 1911, in Tugarinov
and Buturlin, Zapiski Krasnoyarsk Otd. Russ. Geogr. Obsht.,
phys. i geogr., 1, p. ? [both publications not available].

Perisoreus infaustus tkachenkoi Sushkin and Stegmann, 1929, Journ.
f. Orn., 77, p. 396 — Yakutsk.

Cractes infaustus buturlini Stachanov, 1932, Kocsag, p. 52, new
name for Corvus sibericus Boddaert.

Perisoreus infaustus suschkini Dementiev, 1932, Alauda, p. 10,
new name for Corvus sibericus Boddaert.

Northern Outer Mongolia eastward to Kentei, north to Trans-

baicalia and region along the lower and middle Lower Tunguska,

and basin of the Vilyui River, eastward to Yakutsk and basins
of the Aldan and Maya Rivers.

_——— Perisoreus infaustus varnak Sushkin and Stegmann
Perisoreus infaustus varnak Sushkin and Stegmann, 1929, Journ.
f. Orn., 77, p. 399 — Tukuringra Range, Amurland.
a Upper Amur in the basin of the Zeya River north to the Stanovoi
ange.

—————.Perisoreus infaustus sakhalinensis Buturlin

Perisoreus infaustus sakhalinensis Buturlin, 1916, Mess. Orn., pp.
40; 43 — northern Sakhalin and southern coast of the sea of
Okhotsk.

240 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Sakhalin, lower Amur, Shantar Islands, and coastal range to
Nelkan or farther north.

Perisoreus infaustus maritimus Buturlin

Perisoreus infaustus maritimus Buturlin, 1915, Mess. Orn., p. 104
— Ussuriland.

Lower Amur from the Bureya River north to about lat. 50° N.,
and Ussuriland, probably northeastern Manchuria.

PERISOREUS INTERNIGRANS

——— Perisoreus internigrans (Thayer and Bangs)

+. Boanerges internigrans Thayer and Bangs, 1912, Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 40, p. 200, pl.6—Shuowlow, “western Szechwan”’
[= eastern Sikang].
Northern and northwestern Szechwan west to eastern Sikang.

Genus UROCISSA CaBanis

Urocissa Cabanis 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 87. Type, Corvus ery-
throrhynchus Boddaert.1

Cissopica Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, p. 163. Type:
by monotypy and original designation, Urocissa whitehead
Ogilvie-Grant.

UROCISSA ORNATA

Urocissa ornata (Wagler)
Pica ornata Wagler, 1829, Isis von Oken, col. 749 — “India
orientali.”’
Ceylon.
UROCISSA CAERULEA
_————~ Urocissa caerulea Gould
Urocissa caerulea Gould, 1863, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, 1862,
p. 282 — Formosa.
Formosa.

UROCISSA FLAVIROSTRIS

~—eUrocissa flavirostris cucullata Gould

Urocissa cucullata Gould, 1861, Birds Asia, 5, pl. 51 — Kulu
Valley, northern Punjab.

1 Cabanis listed two species, Cuculus sinensis Linnaeus and Pszlorhinus
flavirostris Blyth, and the type was subsequently designated as Cuculus
sinensis by Gray (1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 63). However, according
to Hartert (1921, Vég. pal. Fauna, p. 2027), Cuculus sinensis of Linnaeus is
not identifiable and the correct type of Urocissa is ‘‘sinensis of authors”
[= Corvus erythrorhynchus Boddaert].

FAMILY CORVIDAE 241

Urocissa flavirostris sharpii Parrot, 1907, Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst.,
25, p. 70 — “central provinces of India.”

Western Himalayas from Hazara eastward to eastern Nepal.

__— Urocissa flavirostris flavirostris (Blyth)
Psilorhinus flavirostris Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p. 28 — Darjeeling.
Eastern Himalayas from Sikkim eastward to Assam, neighboring

southern Tibet eastward to Pome, northern Burma, and northern
Yunnan.

~——-—-Urocissa flavirostris schaferi Sick

Urocissa flavirostris schdferi Sick, 1939, Orn. Monatsb., 47, p. 78
— Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills.

Chin Hills of western Burma.

-ee Urocissa flavirostris robini Delacour and Jabouille

Urocissa flavirostris robini Delacour and Jabouille, 1930, Rev.
Hist. Nat., pt. 2, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn., 11, p. 393 — Fan-
sipan (Chapa), northern Tonkin.

Northwestern Tonkin.

UROCISSA ERYTHRORHYNCHA
—~-. Urocissa erythrorhyncha brevivexilla Swinhoe
Urocissa brevivexilla Swinhoe, 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 688 — hills west of Peking.
Southwestern Manchuria (possibly), and northern China south
to Shensi, and probably central Honan and northern Kiangsu.
“~~ Urocissa erythrorhyncha erythrorhyncha (Boddaert)

Corvus erythrorynchus [sic] Boddaert, 1783, Table Pl. enlum.,
p. 38 — [China]; restricted to Canton by Birckhead (1937,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 966, p. 13).

Central China south of brevivexilla, west to Szechwan and eastern

Sikang, and southeastern China to southern Yunnan, Tonkin,
northern Laos, and central Annam.

Urocissa erythrorhyncha alticola Birckhead
Urocissa erythrorhyncha alticola Birckhead, 1938, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 58, p. 72, new name for U.e. caerulea Birckhead, 1937,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 966, p.13— Likiang Range, north-
western Yunnan; preoccupied by U. caerulea Gould, 1862.
Northern Yunnan and northeastern Burma.

242 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

~~ Urocissa erythrorhyncha occipitalis (Blyth)
Psilorhinus occipitalis Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p. 27 — ‘‘Nepal .. . Mussoorie, etc.”
Himalayas from the Punjab eastward to Sikkim.

Urocissa erythrorhyncha magnirostris (Blyth)

Psilorhinus magnirostris Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
15, p. 27 — “Ya-ma-dong mountains separating Arracan from
Pegu,” southern Burma.

Hills of Assam from the Naga Hills south to Manipur, Burma
(but replaced in the northeast by alticola, and not ranging south
to Tenasserim), Thailand, and Indo-China in Cambodia, Cochin
China, southern Laos, and southern Annam.

UROCISSA WHITEHEADI

Urocissa whiteheadi whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant
Urocissa whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10;
p- 18 — Five-finger Mountains, interior of Hainan.
Hainan Island.

~~~ Urocissa whiteheadi xanthomelana (Delacour)

Cissopica whiteheadi xanthomelana Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 47, p. 164 — Backan, northeastern Tonkin.

Indo-China in Tonkin, northern and central Annam, and central
Laos.

Genus CISSA Bore!

Cissa Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, col. 975. Type, by monotypy,
Coracias sinensis Gmelin, 1788 = Coracias chinensis Boddaert,
1783.

cf. Delacour, 1929, Rev. Hist. Nat., pt.2; Oiseau Rev. Franc.
Orn., 10, pp. 3-14.

CISSA CHINENSIS

~~—~Cissa chinensis chinensis (Boddaert)

Coracias chinensis Boddaert, 1783, Table Pl. enlum., p. 38,
based on Daubenton pl. 620, ‘‘Rollier de la Chine,” China;
error corrected to southern Thailand by Robinson and Kloss
(1923, Journ. and Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, new ser., 18 (1922),
p. 561); and further corrected to Mergui, Tenasserim by Strese-
mann (1952, Ibis, 94, pp. 516; 521).

1 The name Kitta Temminck, 1826, in Temminck and Laugier, Pl. Col.,

395, livr. 67 (= Ptilonorhynchus Kuhl, 1820, Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat., p. 150)
has been used in error by some authors for this genus. (See p. 178.)

FAMILY CORVIDAE 243

Lower Himalayas, from western United Provinces (Jumna Val-
ley) eastward to Assam, eastern Bengal and hills of Assam, Burma
south in Tenasserim to Mergui, northern Laos, Tonkin, and northern
Annam.

Cissa chinensis klossi Delacour and Jabouille

Cissa chinensis klossi Delacour and Jabouille, 1924, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 45, p. 34 — Khesanh, Quangtri, Annam.

Central Annam and central Laos.

Cissa chinensis margaritae Robinson and Kloss

Cissa margaritae Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, p. 604 — Lang-
bian Peak, southern Annam.

Known only from the Langbian Peak.

Cissa chinensis robinsoni Ogilvie-Grant

Cissa robinsoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. 9
—Gunong Tahan, Pahang, Malay States.

Malay States.

-Cissa chinensis minor Cabanis

Cissa minor Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 86, footnote —
Sumatra.

Sumatra and northwestern Borneo.

CISSA THALASSINA
Cissa thalassina jini Delacour

Cissa concolor jini Delacour, 1930, Rev. Hist. Nat., pt. 2, Oiseau
Rev. Frang. Orn., 11, p. 338 — Yaoshan, Kwangsi.

Known only from the Yaoshan Massif.

Cissa thalassina concolor Delacour and Jabouille

Cissa concolor Delacour and Jabouille, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
48, p. 133 — Phuqui, northern Annam.

Northern Annam.

Cissa thalassina chauleti Delacour

Cissa hypoleuca chauleti Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,
p- 19 — Thua-Lua, central Annam.

Central Annam.

Cissa thalassina hypoleuca Salvadori and Giglioli!

Cissa hypoleuca Salvadori and Giglioli, 1885, Atti R. Accad. Sci.
Torino, 20, p. 427 — Thu Dan Mot, Cochinchina.

1 Cissa gabriellae Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list”’ is a synonym.

244 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southern Annam and southern Laos, eastern Thailand, and
Cochin-China.

Cissa thalassina katsumatae Rothschild

Cissa katsumatae Rothschild, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 9
— Mt. Wuchi, Hainan.

Hainan Island.

Cissa thalassina thalassina (Temminck)

Kitta thalassina Temminck, 1826, in Temminck and Laugier, PI.
Col., 401, livr. 68 — Java and Sumatra.

Java.

Cissa thalassina jefferyi Sharpe

Cissa jefferyi Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 383 — Mt. Kinabalu, northern
Borneo.

Mountains of northern Borneo.

GENUS CYANOPICA Bonaparte

Cyanopica Bonaparte, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 85. Type,
by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen.
Birds, p. 64), Corvus cyanus Pallas.

cf. Meise, 1934, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 18, no. 2, p. 14 (measure-
ments of Asiatic races).

CYANOPICA CYANA!
Azure-winged Magpie
—_— Cyanopica cyana cooki Bonaparte

Cyanopica cooki Bonaparte, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 86
— Spain; restricted to Madrid by Witherby (1923, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 43, p. 74).

Cyanopica cyanus gili Witherby, 1923, ibid., near Candeleda,
southwestern Avila, western Spain.

Central Spain north to Soria, western Spain north to Valladolid,

southern Portugal and southern Spain, accidental in eastern Spain;
recorded in southern France but perhaps escaped cage birds.

———— Cyanopica cyana cyana (Pallas)
Corvus cyanus Pallas, 1776, Reise d. versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs,
3, p. 694 — Dauria.
Cyanopica cyanea tristis Stegmann, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,
p. 74 — Kruchina, near Chita, Transbaicalia.

Southern Transbaicalia, north to Chita and Ulan Ude, south to
northern Mongolia west to Khangai, east in Transbaicalia to the
region of Sretensk on the upper Shilka River; populations from
lower Shilka eastward to Dzhalinda intergrade with pallescens.

1 C. V. would prefer the masculine ending for this adjective — eds.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 245

——— Cyanopica cyana pallescens Stegmann

Cyanopica cyana pallescens Stegmann, 1931, Orn. Monatsb., 39,
p. 184 — region of Radde, eastern Little Khingan on the Amur.

Middle and lower Amur, and Ussuriland.

Cyanopica cyana koreensis Yamashina

Cyanopica cyana koreensis Yamashina, 1939, Tori, 10, p. 457 —
Moppo, southern Korea.

Korea.

——Cyanopica cyana stegmanni Meise

Cyanopica cyanus stegmanni Meise, 1932, Orn. Monatsb., 40,
p. 48 — Harbin, Manchuria.

Northwestern, central, and southern Manchuria.

?Cyanopica cyana jeholica Yamashina
Cyanopica cyana jeholica Yamashima, 1939, Tori, 10, p. 456 —
Alto-Rian, central Jehol.

Known only from the type locality.?

__——Cyanopica cyana swinhoei Hartert
Canopica cyanus swinhoei Hartert, 1903, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
p. 24 — Kiukiang, northern Kiangsi.
Eastern China from Hopeh and Shantung south to Chekiang and
Fukien, and inland in the Yangtze Valley to Szechwan.

_—— Cyanopica cyana interposita Hartert
Cyanopica cyanus interposita Hartert, 1917, Novit. Zool., 24,
p. 493 — Tai pai shan, Tsinling Range, Shensi.
Shensi and probably Shansi.

—

Cyanopica cyana kansuensis Meise

Cyanopica cyanus kansuensis Meise, 1937, Journ. f. Orn., 85,
p. 452 — Desenlaka near the Tetung ho [border of Kansu and
Tsinghai].

Kansu, eastern Tsinghai, and perhaps northwestern Szechwan.

——~“Cyanopica cyana japonica Parrot

Cyanopica cyanus japonica Parrot, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 26
— Japan.

1 The validity of this form is questionable; it is probably not separable
from stegmanni, or is a poorly differentiated intermediate between it and
interposita.

246 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pica cyanus onaga Hachisuka, 1942, Ddobuts. Zasshi, 54, p. 505.
New name for Cyanopica cyana japonica Parrot, preoccupied
by Pica varia japonica 'Temminck and Schlegel, 1848.1

Japan in Hondo and Kyushu.

GENUS DENDROCITTA GovLp

Dendrocitta Gould, 1833, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 57. Type,
by original designation, Dendrocitta leucogastra Gould.
cf. Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.,
35, pp. 514-517 (Indian races of vagabunda).

DENDROCITTA VAGABUNDA

....Dendrocitta vagabunda pallida (Blyth)
Crypsirina pallida Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p. 30 — “Western Himalaya;”’ restricted to Simla by Ticehurst
(1922, Ibis, p. 537).
Northwestern India in North West Frontier Province, Punjab,
Rajputana, Sind, and lower slopes of the western Himalayas to
Kumaon, grading into nominate vagabunda farther east.

__—Dendrocitta vagabunda vagabunda (Latham)?
Coracias vagabunda Latham, 1790, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 171 — India;
restricted to Calcutta by Ticehurst (1922, Ibis, p. 537).
Lower Himalayas, east of pallida, eastward to Assam, United
Provinces, Bihar, Bengal, central India south to Hyderabad (ex-
cept in the southeast where it is replaced by vernayz), and eastern
India south to the Godavari River.

~—~ Dendrocitta vagabunda parvula Whistler and Kinnear
Dendrocitta vagabunda parvula Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, p. 515, new name for Corvus rufus
Latham, 1790 — Malabar.®

Western India from southern Kanara to Cape Comorin.

Dendrocitta vagabunda vernayi Kinnear and Whistler
Dendrocitta rufa vernayi Kinnear and Whistler, 1930, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 51, p.17— Nallamalai Range, southern Kurnool,
Madras.

1 The author [C. V.] does not agree that Cyanopica Bonaparte should be
merged with Pica Brisson.
— 2 For D.v. bristoli see p. 284.
3 Corvus rufus Latham, 1790, is based on the same plate of Sonnerat
(pl. 106) as Lanius rufus Scopoli, 1786, which is preoccupied by Lanius
rufus Linnaeus, 1766.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 247

Southeastern India south of the Godavari, southeastern Hydera-
bad, Mysore, and the Nilgiris.

_=<«<=Dendrocitta vagabunda sclateri Baker
Dendrocitta rufa sclateri Baker, 1922, Fauna Brit. India, Birds,
2 ed., 1, p. 50 — Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills.
Western Burma from the upper Chindwin south through the
Chin Hills to Arakan Yomas.

Dendrocitta vagabunda kinneari Baker
Dendrocitta rufa kinneart Baker, 1922, Fauna Brit. India, Birds,
2 ed., 1, p.51— Toungoo, southern Burma.
Northwestern Thailand, Shan States, and southern Burma.

Dendrocitta vagabunda saturatior Ticehurst
Dendrocitta vagabunda saturatior Ticehurst, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 42, p. 56 — Kaukariyet Mts., Amherst, Tenasserim.

Tenasserim and southwestern Thailand.

____.Dendrocitta vagabunda sakeratensis Gyldenstolpe

Dendrocitta vagabunda sakeratensis Gyldenstolpe, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 32 — Sakerat [= Ban Chakkrarat (lat. 15° N.;
long. 102° 25’ E.)], eastern Thailand.

Thailand (except in the regions inhabited by kinneari and satura-
toir, see above), and Indo China in Cambodia, Cochin-China, southern
Laos and southern Annam.

DENDROCITTA OCCIPITALIS!

__——_Dendrocitta occipitalis occipitalis (Miiller)
Glaucopis occipitalis S. Miller, 1835, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch.
Phys., 2, p. 343, pl. 5 — Sumatra.
Dendrocitta occipitalis sumatrensis Chasen, 1939, Treubia, 17,
p. 183 — Simpang Agoesan, Atjeh, North Sumatra.

Sumatra.

———~ Dendrocitta occipitalis cinerascens Sharpe

Dendrocitta cinerascens Sharpe, 1879, Ibis, p. 250, pl. 8 — Mt.
Kinabalu, northern Borneo.

Dendrocitta sinensis tuckeri Harrisson and Hartley, 1934, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 54, p. 156 — Mt. Dulit, Sarawak.

Borneo, chiefly in the mountains.

1 Possibly conspecific with formosae.
17

248 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

DENDROCITTA FORMOSAE!

Dendrocitta formosae occidentalis Ticehurst
Dendrocitta formosae occidentalis Ticehurst, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 46, p. 22 — Simla.

Western Himalayas east to Garhwal, intergrading farther east
with himalayensis.

~ Dendrocitta formosae himalayensis Blyth

Dendrocitta himalayensis Blyth, 1865, Ibis, p. 45 — Himalayas;
restricted to Sikkim by Ticehurst (1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
46, p. 22).
Himalayas, east of occidentalis, eastward to Assam, Burma (in
the north and center, Chin Hills, and Shan States), northwestern
Yunnan, northwestern Tonkin, and northern Laos.

Dendrocitta formosae sarkari Kinnear and Whistler

Dendrocitta formosae sarkari Kinnear and Whistler, 1930, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 51, p. 17 — Anantagiri, Vizagapatam district,
northern Madras.

Eastern India in southern Orissa (Jeypore) and northern Madras.

~ Dendrocitta formosae assimilis Hume

Dendrocitta assimilis Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 117 —
“Hill Tenasserim”’ (Muleyit).
Southern Burma (and also upper Chindwin), Tenasserim, Thai-
land, and Andaman Islands.

— Dendrocitta formosae sinica Stresemann

Dendrocitta formosae sinica Stresemann, 1913, Orn. Monatsb., 21,
p. 9 — Ching-Feng, Fukien?.
Dendrocitta celadina Oberholser, 1920, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 33, p. 83, new name for Corvus sinensis Latham.
Dendrocitta formosae intermedia Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 47, p. 165 — Tam-Dao, central Tonkin.

Dendrocitta formosae schistacea Stresemann, 1929, Orn. Monatsb.,
37, p. 1389 — Yaoshan, Kwangsi.

Eastern and southeastern China from southern Kiangsu (Chin-

kiang), Anhwei, and Chekiang, south to northeastern and central
Tonkin.

1 Possibly conspecific with occipitalis.

2 Described as “‘subsp.n.’ but new name for Corvus sinensis Latham,
1790, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 161 — Macao Island, preoccupied by Corvus sinensis
Gmelin, 1788.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 249

Dendrocitta formosae sapiens (Deignan)

Crypsirina formosae sapiens Deignan, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
75, p. 130 — Mt. Omei, 4,000 feet, Szechwan.

Mount Omei, western Szechwan.

-—~Dendrocitta formosae formosae Swinhoe

Dendrocitta sinensis, var. formosae Swinhoe, 1863, Ibis, p. 387 —
Formosa.

Formosa.

Dendrocitta formosae insulae Hartert

Dendrocitta sinensis insulae Hartert, 1910, Novit. Zool., 17, p. 252
—No Tai, Hainan.

Hainan.

DENDROCITTA LEUCOGASTRA

Dendrocitta leucogastra Gould

Dendrocitta leucogastra Gould, 1833, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
57 — “‘Kastern Asia’”’ [= Malabar coast].

Southern India from North Kanara south to Travancore, and
Mysore east to Chittoor district in Madras, but chiefly on the west
side of the peninsula.

DENDROCITTA FRONTALIS

__—— Dendrocitta frontalis Horsfield

Dendrocitta frontalis Horsfield, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1839, p. 163, ex McClelland MS — Assam.

Dendrocitta frontalis kurodae Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
47, p. 165 — Backan, northeastern Tonkin.

India, in the Himalayas from eastern Nepal to Assam, hills of
Assam to Manipur, northern Burma, and northern Tonkin.

DENDROCITTA BAILEYI
—~’ Dendrocitta baileyi Blyth

Dendrocitta bazlei |sic, error for baileyi] Blyth, 1863, Ibis, p. 119,
ex Tytler MS — Andamans.

Andaman Islands.

GrENusS CRYPSIRINA VIEILLOT

Crypsirina Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 36. Type, by monotypy,
Corvus varians Latham = Corvus temia Daudin.
17*

250 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

CRYPSIRINA TEMIA
~~ ~Crypsirina temia (Daudin)!
Corvus temia Daudin, 1800, Traiteé Orn., p. 244 — “Africa,”
error for Java.
byeeCrypsirina varians longipennis Neumann, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 55, p. 136 — Chantaboon, southeastern Siam.

Southern Burma and Tenasserim, Thailand, Indo-China, Sumatra,
Java, and Bali.

CRYPSIRINA CUCULLATA
Crypsirina cucullata Jerdon

Crypsirhina (Temia) cucullata Jerdon, 1862, Ibis, p. 20 — Thayet-
myo, Burma.

Northern and central Burma.

GENUS TEMNURUS Lesson

Temnurus Lesson, end of 1830 or early 1831, Traité Orn., p. 341.
Type, by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av.,
1 (1850), p. 369), Glaucopis temnura Temminck.

TEMNURUS TEMNURUS
~——~Temnurus temnurus (Temminck)

Glaucopis temnura Temminck, 1825, in Temminck and Laugier,
Pl. Col., livr. 57, pl. 337 — Cochinchina.

Crypsirhina nigra Styan, 1892, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, p.6—
Hainan.

Tonkin, northern and central Annam, and Hainan.

GENus PICA Brisson

Pica Brisson, 1760, Orn., 1, p. 30. Type, by tautonymy, “Pica”
= Pica pica, ibid., 2, p. 35 = Corvus pica Linnaeus.
Melanopica Navas, 1907, An. Facult. cienc. Zaragoza, 1, p. 36.
New name for Pica Brisson.
cf. Stegmann, 1928, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. (URSS, Lenin-
grad), 28 (1927), pp. 8366-390 (revision).
Mayaud, 1933, Alauda, 5, pp. 362-382 (morphology and geogra-
phical variation).
Linsdale, 1937, Pacific Coast Avifauna (Cooper Ornith. Soc.),
no. 25, pp. 1-234 (natural history).
Dunajewski, 1938, Acta Orn. Mus. Zool. Polonici, 2, pp. 145—
149 (populations of western Russia, Poland, and the Ukraine).

1 varians Latham, 1801, of Sharpe’s “Hand-list”? is a synonym.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 251

Dementiev and Ptushenko, 1939, Ibis, pp. 507-510 (popula-
tions of Russia and the Caucasus).

Kleiner, 1940, Aquila, 42-45, pp. 79-140 (revision).

PICA PICA
Magpie; Black-billed Magpie
__—-Pica pica fennorum Loénnberg

Pica pica fennorum Lénnberg, 1927, Fauna och Flora, 22, p. 109
— Viborg district, southeastern Finland.
Finland, northern Norway and northern Sweden south to Jaémt-
land, Baltic countries, and western Russia to Moscow, where it
intergrades with bactriana, south to perhaps western Ukraine.

_———-Pica pica pica (Linnaeus)

Corvus pica Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed.10, 1, p. 106 —
“Kuropa’’, restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1903, V6g. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 19; and further restricted to Uppsala by Meinertz-
hagen, 1954, Birds Arabia, p. 79.

Southern Scandinavia, Denmark, Holland (? or perhaps inter-
mediate between nominate pica and galliae), British Isles, Poland,
Germany (but not the Rhineland where it is replaced by gallae),
central and southeastern Europe, including Yugoslavia (but not in
Dalmatia and Macedonia where replaced by galliae), north to the
Carpathians, east to Romania, Bulgaria, Thrace, Asia Minor, Near
East, and Cyprus. Birds from Near East and Cyprus begin to show
some characters of bactriana and status of population of Trans-
caucasia is uncertain; it is perhaps intermediate or closer to bac-
triana.

“Pica pica galliae Kleinschmidt

Pica galliae Kleinschmidt, 1917, Falco, 13, p. 24 — [north-
eastern| France.

Belgium, Rhineland, France to the Pyrenees (where intergrades
with melanotos in Roussillon in eastern Pyrenees), Switzerland,
Italy, Sicily, and Dalmatia south to Macedonia and Greece; ac-
cidental in Corsica.

Pica pica melanotos Brehm

Pica caudata melanotos A. E. Brehm, 1857, Allgem. Deutsch.
Naturhist. Zeit., p. 446 — Spain.

Iberian Peninsula.

“~~ Pica pica mauritanica Malherbe

Pica Mauritanica Malherbe, 1845, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Moselle,
3, p. 52 — Oran and Bone, Algeria.

252 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Northwestern Africa from Morocco to Tunisia, south to Sous
Valley in Morocco and to Saharian Atlas in Algeria and Tunisia.

Pica pica asirensis Bates

Pica pica asirensis Bates, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, p. 19 —
Sahara, Asir Mts., southwestern Arabia.

Asir Mountains, south and east of Mecca, probably south to
Yemen.

‘Pica pica bactriana Bonaparte
Pica bactriana Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 383 —
“Persia orientali,’’ but error as based on Pica caudata Blyth,
Spec. E., from Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Pica pica laubmanni Stresemann, 1928, Journ. f. Orn., 76, p. 342
— Kelat, Baluchistan.

Pica pica kot Gavrilenko, 1929, Ptitsy Poltavtchiny, p. 75 —
Gouvernement of Poltava, eastern Ukraine.

Central Russia east of fennorum, eastern Russia north to Kirov,
basin of the Volga west to Yaroslav, basin of the Don to Kursk
and eastern Ukraine, Crimea, shores of Sea of Azov eastward (in
suitable habitat) to Astrakhan south to Caucasus, Transcaucasia
(or intermediates, see nominate pica), Iran, including Azerbaijan
and southern Caspian districts, to eastern and northern Iraq,
Transcaspia, plains of Russian Turkestan north to western and
central Kirghiz Steppes east to Semipalatinsk and Zaisan, south-
western Tarbagatai, Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Gilgit, and Baltistan
to Ladak and probably western Tibet; also Ferghana Valley but
not in surrounding mountains where replaced by hemileucoptera.

Pica pica hemileucoptera Stegmann
Pica pica hemileucoptera Stegmann, 1928, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad.
Sci. (URSS Leningrad), 28 (1927), p.372 — Nizhneudinsk,
western Irkutsk province.

Western and central Siberia, north and east of bactriana, east-
ward to the region of Irkutsk where intergrades with leucoptera;
ranges north to about lat. 64° N. to 65° N. on Ob and Yenisei but
only to about Chechuisk on upper Lena, and south to Sayans,
northwestern and western Outer Mongolia, the Altai, and mountains
of Russian and Chinese Turkestan (Dzungaria, Tian Shan, Alai
Ranges, Pamirs, Kun Lun, and the Astin Tagh east to about Lop
Nor), but replaced by bactriana in Ferghana Valley.

~Pica pica leucoptera Gould

Pica leucoptera Gould, 1862, Birds Asia, 5, pl. 55 — eastern
Siberia, restricted to southeastern Transbaicalia by Stegmann,
1928, op. cit., p. 374.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 253

Southern Transbaicalia east to about Sretensk, south to central
and eastern Mongolia from eastern Khangai in the west eastward
to Kentei, the region of Urga, and the Gobian Altai.

"Pica pica camtschatica Stejneger
Pica camtschatica Stejneger, 1884, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
2, p. 97 — Kamchatka.

Anadyrland, northern shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, and Kam-
chatka; straggles to the Kuriles.

Pica pica sericea Gould

Pica serica [sic] Gould, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 2 —
Amoy.

Pica varia japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1848, in Siebold’s
Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 81 — Japan.

Pica pica anderssoni Lonnberg, 1923, Fauna och Flora, 18, p. 264
— Huai Lai Hsien, Hain Pao-an, Hopeh.

Pica pica jankowskii Stegmann, 1928, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci.
(URSS, Leningrad), 28 (1927), p.380—Sidemi near Vla-
divostok.

Pica pica amurensis Stegmann, 1928, ibid. — Vyazemski station
near Khabarovsk, Ussuriland.

Pica pica alashanica Stegmann, 1928, ibid. — northern Ala Shan.

Pica pica hainana Momiyama and Ishii, 1928, Annot. Orn. Orient.,
1, p. 152, pl. 5, fig. 1 — Hoihow, Hainan.

Amurland (middle Amur to the mouth of the Amur), and Ussuri-
land, south through Manchuria, Korea, and China to Tonkin,
northern Laos, central Annam, Yunnan, and northeastern Burma
south to the Shan States; also Hainan, and Formosa; ranges west
in China to Ningsia, Kansu, eastern Tsinghai, where intergrades
with bottanensis, and eastern and southern Sikang. Introduced in
Japan in 1598 where restricted to northern Kyushu.

~~ Pica pica bottanensis Delessert
Pica Bottanensis Delessert, 1840, Rev. Zool., p. 100 — Bhutan.
Northeastern Tsinghai south through central Sikang to south-
eastern Tibet and eastern Himalayas in Assam, Bhutan, and
Sikkim.
~———Pica pica hudsonia (Sabine)
Corvus hudsonius Sabine, 1823, in Franklin, Narr. Journ. Polar

Sea, p.671— Cumberland House, Hudson Bay [= Saskat-
chewan].

Peninsular and central coastal Alaska, southern Yukon, central
Alberta, east-central Saskatchewan, and western Manitoba south

254 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

in the Great Basin and the Rocky Mountains to central-eastern
California, central Utah, northeastern Arizona (formerly), northern
New Mexico, and western Oklahoma. Casual in non-breeding season
from central western Alaska, central Yukon, central Northwest
Territories, northwestern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and
western Quebec south to southeastern California, northern Arizona,
southeastern New Mexico, western Texas, western Kansas, and to
the Mississippi River in Minnesota, lowa, and northern Missouri.

PICA NUTTALLI
Yellow-billed Magpie

~~ Pica nuttalli (Audubon)

Corvus nutalli Audubon, 1837, Birds Amer. (folio), 4, pl. 362,
fig. 1 (corrected to Corvus nuttalli in Audubon, 1838, Orn.
Biogr., 4, p. 450) — Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County,
California.

California west of the Sierra Nevada, chiefly in the Sacramento
and San Joaquin valleys and adjacent foothills from Shasta
County south to Kern County, and from San Francisco Bay area
southeast to Ventura County.

Genus ZAVATTARIORNIS Mo.trontr

Zavattariornis Moltoni, 1938, Orn. Monatsb., 46, p. 80. Type, by
monotypy, Zavattariornis stresemanni Moltoni.

ZAVATTARIORNIS STRESEMANNI

~~ Zavattariornis stresemanni Moltoni

Zavattariornis stresemanni Moltoni, 1938, Orn. Monatsb., 46,
p. 80 — Javello, region of Borana, southern Abyssinia.

Southern Ethiopia.

Genus PODOCES FiscHER

Podoces Fischer, 1821, Lettre adressée ...de la Soc. Imp. Nat.
Moscou 4... Pander, p. 6. Type, by monotypy, Podoces panderi
Fischer.

Eupodoces Zarudny and Loudon, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 10, p. 185.
Type, by original designation, Podoces Biddulphi Hume.

cf. Ludlow and Kinnear, 1933, Ibis, pp. 445-449 (forms in Sin-

kiang).
PODOCES HENDERSONI
Podoces hendersoni Hume

Podoces Hendersoni Hume, 1871, Ibis, p. 408 —no_ locality
[= “desert after leaving Sanju en route to Koshtak, and also
near Oi-Tograk” (= Sinkiang on the way to Yarkand); see
Henderson and Hume, 1873, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 244].

FAMILY CORVIDAE 255

Central Asia, in Inner and Outer Mongolia (Gobi, Ordos, Ala
Shan), northern Kansu, northern Tsinghai in the Zaidam, northern
Tibet (probably), and Sinkiang westward to Dzungaria north to
the Kara Irtysh and west to the region north of Lake Zaisan.

PODOCES BIDDULPHI

—— Podoces biddulphi Hume

Podoces Biddulphi Hume, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2, p. 503 —
Maralbashi, Sinkiang.

Western Sinkiang in the foothills of the Tian Shan and Kun Lun.

PODOCES PANDERI

-———~ Podoces panderi Fischer

Podoces Panderi Fischer, 1821, Lettre adressée ... de la Soc. Imp.
Nat. Moscou 4... Pander, p. 6 — Kyzyl Kum.

Podoces panderi ilensis Menzbier and Schnitnikov, 1915, Materialy
K. pozn. Fauny i Flory Ross. Imp., sect. zool., 14, p. 185 —
Semirechia, between the lower Ili River and the Kara Tau.

Podoces panderi transcaspius Zarudny, 1916, Izvest. Turkest. Otd.
Russk. Geogr. Obsht., 12, p. 228 — Kazandzik, Transcaspia.

Deserts of Russian Turkestan from Semirechia westward to the

Aral Sea, the Kyzyl Kum, and the Kara Kum to western and south-
ern Transcaspia.

PODOCES PLESKEI

Podoces pleskei Zarudny

Podoces pleskei Zarudny, 1896, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci.,
St. Pétersbourg, 1, p. XII — “‘Alkor’’, eastern Iran.

Eastern Iran in Khorasan, the Dasht i Lut Desert, and Persian
Baluchistan.

Genus PSEUDOPODOCES Zarupny AnD LOUDON

Pseudopodoces Zarudny and Loudon, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10
p. 185. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Podoces
humilis Hume.

PSEUDOPODOCES HUMILIS

‘Pseudopodoces humilis (Hume)

Podoces humilis Hume, 1871, Ibis, p. 408 — no locality [= “‘only
seen above Kitchik-Yilak’’ (= Sinkiang near the Sanju Pass);
see Henderson and Hume, 1873, Lahore to Yarkand, p. 247].

Pseudopodoces humilis saxicola Stresemann, 1928, Orn. Monatsb.,
36, p. 82 — Mantuse Lamasery, region of Sining, “northern
Kansu” [= near Durgu, northeastern Tsinghai].

256 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Southern Kansu and northwestern Szechwan, westward through
Tsinghai and Sikang to Tibet and northern Sikkim, and southern
Sinkiang (to the Kun Lun and very probably other regions).

Genus NUCIFRAGA Brisson

Nucifraga Brisson, 1760, Ornithologie, 1, p. 30. Type, by tauto-
nymy, “nucifraga,” ibid., 2, p.59 = Corvus caryocatactes Lin-
naeus.

cf. Berlioz, 1930, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 2, pp. 375-377

(review).
Stegmann, 1931, Journ. f. Orn., 79, pp. 146-147 (races in
Siberia, Altai, Tian Shan, and Kamchatka).

NUCIFRAGA COLUMBIANA
Clark’s Nutcracker

Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson)

Corvus columbianus Wilson, 1811, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 29, pl. 20,
fig. 2 — shores of the Columbia; restricted by Davis and Ste-
venson (1934, Condor, 36, p. 162) to the Clearwater River,
about two miles north of Kamish, Idaho.

Mountains of western North America from central interior
British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, western Montana, and
southeastern Wyoming south to northern Baja California, eastern
Arizona, and western New Mexico. Wanders in non-breeding season
to central Alaska, southern Yukon, southern Saskatchewan, south-
western Manitoba, western British Columbia (including Graham
and Vancouver Islands), western Washington, southwestern Cali-
fornia, and southern Arizona east to South Dakota, Nebraska,
Kansas, and southwestern Texas.

NUCIFRAGA CARYOCATACTES
Nutcracker

Nucifraga caryocatactes caryocatactes (Linnaeus)

Corvus Caryocatactes Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 106
— ‘‘Kuropa;”’ restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Voég. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 25).

Nucifraga caryocatactes Wolfi von Jordans, 1940, Izvest. Tzar.
Prirod. Inst. Sofia, 13, p. 63 — Karlik, Rhodope Mts., Bulgaria.

Scandinavia and southwestern Finland, northwestern, central,

and eastern Russia to central Urals (Perm), Baltic States, and
Poland, southward to the mountains of western, central, and south-
eastern Europe, including perhaps the Pyrenees. In winter to south-
central Russia and accidental in Denmark, Holland, Belgium, and
England.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 257

————Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm

Nucifraga macrorhynchos C.L. Brehm, 1823, Lehrb. Naturg.
Eur. Vég., 1, p. 103 — Orla Valley, Thuringia, on migration.

Nucifraga kamchatkensis Barrett-Hamilton, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 7, p. 46 — Kamchatka.

Nucifraga caryocatactes altaicus Buturlin, 1915, Mess. Orn., p. 131
— Altaiskaia, southern Russian Altai.

Nucifraga caryocatactes sassii Keve, 1943, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
math.-naturwiss., 80, p. 16 — Bestraja, Baikal Mts.

Northeastern Russia, and Urals (north of nominate caryocatactes)
eastward across Siberia in the taiga to Anadyrland, Sea of Okhotsk,
Kamchatka, and northern Kuriles, south to Tomsk, Salair, Kuz-
netsk Mountains, Altai, Tarbagatai, Sayans, northern Mongolia,
Transbaicalia, Amurland, Sakhalin, Ussuriland, Manchuria, and
perhaps mountains of east-central Korea. Irruptive migrant to many

parts of Europe and also to Transcaspia, northern Iran, Korea, and
northern China.

~ ~~ Nucifraga caryocatactes rothschildi Hartert

Nucifraga caryocatactes rothschildi Hartert, 1903, Vog. pal. Fauna,
1, p. 27 — south of the Issyk Kul, Russian Turkestan.
Russian Turkestan in the Tian Shan.

——.Nucifraga caryocatactes japonica Hartert

Nucifraga caryocatactes japonicus Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4,
p. 1384 — Japan.

Central and southern Kuriles, Hokkaido, and Hondo.

Nucifraga caryocatactes owstoni Ingram

Nucifraga owstoni Ingram, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 25, p. 86 —
Mt. Arizan, Formosa.

Formosa.

Nucifraga caryocatactes interdicta Kleinschmidt and Weigold

Nucifraga hemispila interdictus Kleinschmidt and Weigold, 1922,
Falco, 18, p. 2 — Eastern Tombs near Peking, Hopeh.
Mountains of northern Hopeh.

————Nucifraga caryocatactes macella Thayer and Bangs
+ ¢Nucifraga hemispila macella Thayer and Bangs, 1909, Bull. Mus.
. Comp. Zool., 52, p. 140 — Hsienshanhsien, western Hupeh.
Nucifraga yunnanensis Ingram, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 25,
p- 86 — mountains of Yynnan.
Western Hupeh, Shensi, and northern and western Szechwan

westward through Sikang to northern Yunnan and northern Burma,
southern Tibet, and Himalayas west to Nepal.

258 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

_—Nucifraga caryocatactes hemispila Vigors
Nucifraga hemispila Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 8
— Himalayas, restricted to Simla-Almora district by Ticehurst
and Whistler (1924, Ibis, p. 471).
Himalayas, west of macella, from western Nepal and Kumaon,
south of the Pir Panjal Range, to southern Kashmir and Murree.

Nucifraga caryocatactes multipunctata Gould

Nucifraga multipunctata Gould, 1849, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 23 — India [= northwestern Himalayas]; restricted to
Kashmir north of the Pir Panjal Range by Vaurie (1954, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1668, p. 13).

Lahul, and perhaps western Ladak, westward through Kashmir,
north of the Pir Panjal Range, to Baltistan, Gilgit, Hazara, North
West Frontier Province, northern Baluchistan, and eastern Af-
ghanistan in the Safed Koh and south of the Hindu Kush.

GENUS PYRRHOCORAX TvunstTALuL

Pyrrhocorax Tunstall, 1771, Orn. Brit., p. 2. Type, by monotypy,
“Cornish Chough,” 2. e., Upupa pyrrhocorax Linnaeus.

Hellmayria Poche, 1904, Zool. Anz., 27, p. 502. New name for
Pyrrhocorax “Vieillot 1816”.
cf. Mayaud, 1933, Alauda, 5, pp. 195-220 (review).
Vaurie, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1658, pp. 1-7 (review of
P. pyrrhocorax and notes on P. graculus).

Vaurie, 1955, ibid., no. 1753, pp. 2-3 (notes on P. p. subdocilis
and P. p. baileyi).

PYRRHOCORAX PYRRHOCORAX
Chough
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Linnaeus)
Upupa Pyrrhocorax Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 118
— England.

Local in England, chiefly in the west and south, Wales, Isle of
Man, Inner Hebrides, and Ireland.

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax erythrorhamphus (Vieillot)
Coracia erythroramphos [sic] Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 8, p. 2 — “‘Alpes, les montagnes de Suisse et celles
de l’Auvergne.”’
Local in the Alps, Pyrenees, and Iberian Peninsula (formerly in
other parts of France) and Channel and Mediterranean Islands,
except Crete where is replaced by docilis.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 259

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax barbarus Vaurie
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax barbarus Vaurie, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1658, p. 1 — Middle Atlas on the plateau, 1,900 meters,
Morocco.
Canary Islands (La Palma Island only), and northwest Africa
from Morocco to Algeria and, formerly, Tunisia.

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax baileyi Rand and Vaurie

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax baileyi Rand and Vaurie, 1955, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 75, p. 28 — Ras Dashan, northern Abyssinia.

Highlands of Ethiopia.

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax docilis (Gmelin)

Corvus docilis 8.G. Gmelin, 1774, Reise Russ., 3, p. 365 —
*“Tschurdost,” Gilan, northern Iran.

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pontifex Stresemann, 1928, Journ. f.
Orn., 76, p. 343 — Pish Kuh, Gilan.

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax subdocilis Portenko, 1954, Keys Fauna
USSR, no. 54, Birds, 3, p. 87 — Kopet Dagh, southern Trans-
caspia.

Macedonia, Crete, Asia Minor to the Caucasus, Near East and
parts of the Syrian Desert to northern Arabia, northern Iraq, Iran,
Transcaspia, Afghanistan, and Baluchistan. In Afghanistan the po-
pulation intermediate between docilis and himalayanus but closer
to docilis.+

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax himalayanus (Gould)

Fregilus himalayanus Gould, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
125 — Himalayas; restricted to Kumaon by Meinertzhagen
(1927, Ibis, p. 372).

Western Sinkiang (Yarkand and western Kun Lun), Karakoram,
Himalayas, and southern Tibet eastward through Sikang, south to
northern Yunnan, to western Szechwan. In the western Himalayas,
from Kashmir to Ladak, the population shows a tendency toward
centralis.

-Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax centralis Stresemann
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax centralis Stresemann, 1928, Journ. f.
Orn., 76, p.344— mountains near Djarkent (‘“Tishkan’’),
Russian Turkestan.
Russian Turkestan in the Tian Shan, Alai Ranges, and Pamirs.

1 The Chough formerly bred in the southern Urals; the population may
have been referable to docilis or, perhaps, was distinct.

260 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax brachypus (Swinhoe)
Fregilus graculus (L.) var. brachypus Swinhoe, 1871, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, p. 383 — Peking.
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax stresemanni Keve, 1943, Anz. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, math.-naturwiss., 80, p. 17 — Sayans.

Central and northern China from Kansu and Shensi north to
Hopeh and Manchuria, northern Mongolia north to Transbaicalia,
the Sayans, and upper Yenisei to Novoselovo, westward to eastern
Kuznetsk mountains, the western Altai, and the Tarbagatai.

PYRRHOCORAX GRACULUS
Alpine Chough
~——— Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus (Linnaeus)!
Corvus Graculus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 158 —
Swiss Alps.

Alps, Jura (perhaps), Pyrenees, mountains of Spain and Morocco,
Corsica, Carpathians (?), Italy (Abruzzi), mountains of central and
southeastern Europe (Yugoslavia, Greece, and Bulgaria), Crete, and
Asia Minor eastward to the Caucasus and southern Caspian districts
of northern Iran.

Pyrrhocorax graculus digitatus Hemprich and Ehrenberg

Pyrrhocorax alpinus var. digitata Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833,
Symb. Phys., Avium, fol. z. — Lebanon.

Pyrrhocorax Forsythi Stoliczka, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2, p. 462
— Lamaguru, Ladak.

Lebanon, Iran in the Zagros Mountains and Khorasan, Trans-
caspia, Afghanistan, and northern Baluchistan, mountains of
Russian Turkestan to western Altai and western Sayan, and Hima-
layas and southern Tibet to eastern Sikang.

GENus PTILOSTOMUS Swainson

Ptilostomus Swainson, 1837, Class. Birds, 2, p. 266. Type, by
monotypy, Ptilostomus senegalensis Swainson = Corvus afer Lin-
naeus.

PTILOSTOMUS AFER

Ptilostomus afer (Linnaeus)
Corvus afer Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed.12, 1, p. 157 —
Senegal.
Africa from Senegal to Lagos, eastward across the grasslands to
the Sudan and southern Ethiopia, south in east Africa to Lake
Albert and Lake Edward.

1 P. alpinus Vieillot, 1816, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list” is a synonym.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 261

Genus CORVUS Linnaeus

Corvus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 105. Type, by
tautonymy, “‘Corvus’’, i.e. Corvus corax Linnaeus.

Coloeus Kaup, 1829, Skizz. Entw. Nat. Syst., 1, p. 114. Type, by
subsequent designation, Corvus Monedula Linnaeus (Gray,
1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 64).

Nesocorax Riley, 1921, Auk, 38, p. 458. Type, by original de-
signation, Gazzola typica Bonaparte. New name for Gazzola of
authors, not Bonaparte.

cf. Stresemann, 1916, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, pp. 277-304

(C’. coronoides).

Oberholser, 1918, Ohio Journ. Sci., 18, pp. 213-225 (North
American C. coraz).

Meinertzhagen, 1926, Novit. Zool., 33, pp. 57-121 (review of
genus).

Meise, 1928, Journ. f. Orn., 76, pp. 1-203 (C.corone and
C. corniz).

Kleiner, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 60, pp. 11-14 (review of
C’. monedula).

Kleiner [Keve], 1942, Aquila, 46-49, pp. 159-224 (review of
C. monedula).

Stresemann, 1943, Journ. f. Orn., 91, pp. 121-135 (Australia
and New Guinea).

Dorst, 1947, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn., 17, pp. 44-87 (review
of genus).

Voous, 1950, Limosa, 23, pp. 281-292 (races and distribution
of C. monedula).

Vaurie, 1958, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1915, pp. 1-13 (Indo-
Malaya and Australian regions).

CORVUS MONEDULA
Jackdaw

~—~Corvus monedula soemmerringii Fischer

Corvus Soemmerringii Fischer, 1811, Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,
1, p. 3, pl. — Moscow.

Corvus collaris Drummond, 1846, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 18, p. 11
— Macedonia.

Corvus ultracollaris Kleinschmidt, 1918, Falco, 14, p. 16 — Naryn,
Tian Shan, Russian Turkestan.

Corvus Coloeus schliiteri Kleinschmidt, 1935, Berajah, pl. 4 —
Oshmyany, near Vilna, White Russia.

Corvus Coloeus tischleri Kleinschmidt, 1935, ibid. — Heilsberg,
East Prussia.

262 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Coloeus monedula sophiae Dunajewski, 1938, Acta Orn. Mus. Zool.
Polonici, 2, p. 150 — Dolsk, Volynia, eastern Poland.

Coloeus monedula pontocaspicus Kleiner, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 60, p. 18 — Cyprus.

Southern Finland (or ? nominate monedula), and Russia south
to East Prussia, central Poland, Transsylvania, and Yugoslavia
eastward through the Balkans to Crete, Cyprus, Asia Minor, Near
Kast, northern Iraq, Iran, Transcaspia, and northern Afghanistan
to the northwestern Himalayas to Kashmir; Siberia, north to about
lat. 60° N. to lat. 61° N., eastward to a few degrees beyond the
Yenisei but along the Sayans occasionally to Lake Baikal, south
to the Sayans, northwestern Mongolia, western and central Altai,
and to the Tian Shan in Russian and Chinese Turkestan. In winter
to plains of Sinkiang, northwestern India to the Punjab, Baluchi-
stan, southern Afghanistan, southern Iran, Iraq, the Near East,
and occasionally Egypt.

Corvus monedula monedula Linnaeus

Corvus Monedula Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 106 —
‘““Europa;”’ restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, V6g. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 15).

Norway and Sweden south of about lat. 64° N., and possibly

southern Finland, to Denmark south to about Esbjerg and Ha-
derslev; in winter occasionally to England and France.

Corvus monedula spermologus Vieillot
Corvus spermologus Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.

éd., 8, p.40— “southern France;” restricted to Tours by
Mayaud (1941, Bull. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 10, p. 78-80).

Monedula turrium C. L. Brehm, 1831, Handb. Na Vog.
Deutschl., p. 172 — [central] Germany.

Corvus Chiaea brehmi Kleinschmidt, 1935, Berajah, pl. 4 — cen-
tral Germany.

Corvus Coloeus hilgerti Kleinschmidt, 1935, ibid. — central Rhine.

Coloeus monedula ibericus Kleiner, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 60,
p. 12 — Granada.

Coloeus monedula nigerrimus Kleiner, 1939, ibid., p. 13 — Aghbalu
Larbi, Middle Atlas, Morocco.

Western Europe, south of nominate monedula and west of soem-
merringit, from southern Denmark southward, including British
Isles, to the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia,
Malta, and central Europe eastward to Hungary and perhaps
western Romania. Wanders in winter, occasionally to Iceland,
Faroes, Canaries, and Corsica.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 263

Corvus monedula cirtensis (Rothschild and Hartert)
Coloeus monedula cirtensis Rothschild and Hartert, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 18 (1911), p. 471 — Constantine, northeastern Algeria.
Known from the type locality only, but probably also occurred
in Tunisia up to about 1880.

CORVUS DAUURICUS

——~Corvus dauuricus Pallas!
Corvus dauuricus Pallas, 1776, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs,
3, p. 694 — “...in regiones circa Baikalem...”
Coloeus dauricus khamensis Bianchi, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
16 p. 68 — Mekong River in Kham [i.e. Sikang].

Siberia from about Kansk district eastward to Amurland and
Ussuriland, north to about Olekminsk but only to the middle Zeya
River Valley in Amurland, south to Mongolia (Khangai, Kentei,
southeastern and occasionally central Altai, and central Gobi),
Manchuria, and China to northern Szechwan, Kansu, eastern
Tsinghai, and Sikang south to eastern Yunnan. In winter to Russian
Turkestan, Korea, Japan, Riu Kius, Formosa, and many parts of
China south to Fukien.

CORVUS SPLENDENS

———Corvus splendens zugmayeri Laubmann
Corvus splendens zugmayert Laubmann, 1913, Orn. Monatsb., 21,
p. 93 — Las Belas, Baluchistan.

Northwestern India (Sind to northern Punjab, southern Kashmir,
and recorded from southwestern Ladak), North West Frontier
Province, and southern Baluchistan to (?) coastal southern Iran.
Introduced at Muscat.

———~ Corvus splendens splendens Vieillot
Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
8, p. 44 — Bengal.
The whole of India south of the Himalayas, with the exception
of the northwest and Kashmir.

——Corvus splendens protegatus Madarasz
Corvus protegatus Madarasz, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12, p. 195 —
Mount Lavinia, Ceylon.
Ceylon.
1 Corvus neglectus Schlegel, 1859, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list’”” appears to be
a color phase.
18

264 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

?Corvus splendens maledivicus Reichenow

Corvus splendens maledivicus Reichenow, 1904, in Chun’s Wissen.
Ergeb. Deutsch. Tiefsee Exped., 7, Vogel, p. 356 — Suvadiva
Islands, southern Maldives.

Laccadive and Maldive Islands.

_.Corvus splendens insolens Hume

Corvus insolens Hume, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2, p. 480 — Tenas-
serim.

Burma south to Tenasserim, and southwestern Thailand (in-
troduced ?).

CORVUS MONEDULOIDES

—~Corvus moneduloides Lesson

Corvus moneduloides Lesson, end of 1830 or early 1831, Traité
Orn., p. 329 — no locality [= Balab, New Caledonia (Strese-
mann, 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 29, p. 91)].

New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands.

CORVUS ENCA!

_.... Corvus enca compilator Richmond

Corvus compilator Richmond, 1903, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26,
p. 518, new name for Corvus tenuirostris Horsfield and Moore,
1856 — ““Bombay;” error for Malacca; preoccupied by Corvus
tenuirostris C. L. Brehm, 1855, a synonym of Corvus cornix
Linnaeus.

Malaya, Rhio Archipelago, Sumatra, western Sumatran islands
of Simalur and Nias, and Borneo.

Corvus enca enca (Horsfield)

Fregilus Enca Horsfield, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc., London, 13,
p. 164 — Java.

Mentawei Islands, Java, and Bali.

~—- Corvus enca celebensis Stresemann

Corvus enca celebensis Stresemann, 1936, Ibis, p. 368 — Rurukan,
north Celebes.

Celebes, Butung, and Tukang Islands.

Corvus enca unicolor (Rothschild and Hartert)

Gazzola unicolor Rothschild and Hartert, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 11, p. 29 — Banggai Islands.

Banggai Islands.

1 Corvus fallax Briiggemann, 1876, of Sharpe’s ‘“‘Hand-list”’ is indetermin-
able and based on a skin without locality.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 265

Corvus enca mangoli Vaurie

Corvus enca mangoli Vaurie, 1958, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1915,
p. 3— Mangoli Island, Sula Archipelago.

Mangoli Island, and probably neighboring Taliabu and Sanana
Islands.

___——Corvus enca violaceus Bonaparte?

Corvus violaceus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 384 —
Ceram.

Seram Island and possibly Buru.

_—— Corvus enca pusillus Tweeddale

Corvus pusillus Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 622
— Puerto Princesa, Palawan.

Philippines on Balabac, Palawan, and Mindoro Islands.

Corvus enca samarensis Steere?

Corvus samarensis Steere, 1890, List Birds Mamm. Steere Exp.,
p. 23 — Samar.

Philippines on Samar and Mindanao Islands.

CORVUS TYPICUS

_—~—™ Corvus typicus (Bonaparte)

Gazzola typica Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
37, p. 828 — “Nouvelle Calédonie;” error for Butung Island
(see Stresemann, 1953, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 29, p. 95).

Central and southern Celebes and Butung Island.

CORVUS FLORENSIS

——~ Corvus florensis Biittikofer

Corvus florensis Biittikofer, 1894, in Weber’s Reise Neder]. Ost-
Ind., 3, p. 304 — Maumeri, Flores.

Lesser Sundas; restricted to Flores.

CORVUS KUBARYI

Corvus kubaryi Reichenow

Corvus Kubaryi Reichenow, 1885, Journ. f. Orn., 33, p. 110 —
Palau, error for Guam.

Micronesia: Mariana Islands (Guam and Rota).
1 Corvus modestus Briiggemann, 1876, of Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-list”’ is a synonym.

2 For C.e. sierramadrensis see p. 284.
18*

266 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

CORVUS VALIDUS

Corvus validus Bonaparte!

Corvus validus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 385 —
“Ceram, Gilolo;” the type is said to be from Gilolo [= Hal-
mahera].

Moluceas: Morotai, Halmahera, Kajoa, Batjan, and Obi.

CORVUS WOODFORDI

~Corvus woodfordi meeki Rothschild

Corvus meeki Rothschild, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, p. 21 —
Bougainville Island, Solomons.

Bougainville and Shortland Islands, northern Solomons.

Corvus woodfordi woodfordi (Ogilvie-Grant)

Macrocorax woodfordi Ogilvie-Grant, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 332, pl. 37 — Aola, Guadalcanal.

Macrocorax vegetus Tristram, 1894, Ibis, p. 30 — Bugotu [=
southern part of Santa Isabel], Solomons.

Central and southern Solomons (Choiseul, Isabel, and Guadal-
canal).

CORVUS FUSCICAPILLUS

Corvus fuscicapillus fuscicapillus Gray
Corvus fuscicapillus Gray, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 157
— “Dorey, New Guinea;” error for Aru Islands (see Wallace,
1863, Ibis, p. 100).
Aru Islands and northwestern New Guinea (lower Mamberano
River).

Corvus fuscicapillus megarhynchus Bernstein

Corvus megarhynchus Bernstein, 1864, Journ. f. Orn., 12, p. 407
— Waigeu Island.

Western Papuan Islands of Waigeu and Gam, off southern Waigeu.

CORVUS TRISTIS

Corvus tristis Lesson and Garnot?

Corvus tristis Lesson and Garnot, 1827, Bull. Sci. Nat. (Férussac),

10, p. 291 — Dorey Harbor, New Guinea.

New Guinea and outlying islands of the D’Entrecasteaux Archi-
pelago, Japen, Ron, Batanta, and Salawati.

1 Corvus validissimus Schlegel, 1859, of Sharpe’s ‘“‘Hand-list’’ was based
on the type of validus.

2 Corvus senex Lesson, 1828, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list”’ is a synonym.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 267

CORVUS CAPENSIS
Black Crow

Corvus capensis Lichtenstein

Corvus capensis Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., p. 20 — Cape
of Good Hope.

Corvus capensis kordofanensis Laubmann, 1919, Verh. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 14, p.103, new name for Corvus capensis minor
Heuglin, 1869 — southern Kordofan. Preoccupied by Corax
sylvestris minor C. L. Brehm, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 233, a
synonym of Corvus corax Linnaeus.

Africa, from the Sudan (south of about lat. 13° N.) and north-
east Africa to Somaliland, southward through east Africa to Cape
Colony, north in west Africa to southern Angola.

CORVUS FRUGILEGUS
Rook

-—— Corvus frugilegus frugilegus Linnaeus

Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 105 —
“Kuropa;” restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, V6g. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 13).

Corvus frugilegus tschusii Hartert, 1903, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
p. 14 — Gilgit.

Trypanocorax frugilegus ulttmus Sushkin, 1925, List Distr. Birds
Russian Altai, p. 65 — Katun, Bisk district, western Siberia.

Western Eurasia from about lat. 60° N. to 63° N. southward to

north central France (isolated colony in Leén, northwestern Spain),
northern Italy, Austria, Balkans, Crimea, Caucasus, Iran and
probably Kurdistan in Iraq; Siberia east to the Yenisei south to
northwestern Mongolia, Kirghiz Steppes, Aral Caspian region,
Bukhara, and the Tian Shan in Russian and Chinese Turkestan.
Winters in southern parts of range and Mediterranean Basin to
northwest Africa, Egypt, Iraq, Arabia, and northwestern India
south to the Punjab and Sind. Has wandered to Greenland, Iceland,
Faroes, Azores, Madeira, northern Scandinavia, northern Russia,
and Novaya Zemlya.

_-——Corvus frugilegus pastinator Gould

Corvus pastinator Gould, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 1 —
Chusan, China.

1 Corvus capensis minor Heuglin, 1869, Orn. Nordost. Afr., 1, p. 499, is a
synonym of Corvus minor Schlegel, 1867, Mus. Hist. Nat. Pays Bas, 1, Coraces,
p- 27, “Arabie pétrée,”’ which is based on Corvus minor Heuglin, 1856, Sit-
zungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturwiss. KI., 19, p. 287, no. 341,
nomen nudum, “in der Wiiste bei Suez, im petraischen Arabien.” Corvus minor
Heuglin is recognized by Sharpe.

268 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Trypanocorax pastinator centralis Tugarinov, 1929, Ann. Mus.
Zool. Acad. Sci. (URSS; Leningrad) 29 (1928), p. 267 — Kloster
Laman Gegen, northern Mongolia.

Altai, northern Mongolia and Siberia east of nominate frugilegus
eastward to Yakutia and Amur Basin, south to Manchuria, northern
Korea (probably), and China south to the Yangtze and possibly
farther south, inland to Kansu, eastern Tsinghai, Szechwan, and
eastern Sikang. Winters in Korea, Japan, and southeastern China,
straggling occasionally to Formosa and the Borodinos.

CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS
Common Crow

-Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis Ridgway

Corvus americanus hesperis Ridgway, 1887, Manual N. Amer.
Birds, p. 362 — Western United States, north to Washington
Territory (Puget Sound), Idaho, Montana, etc., south to
northern Mexico, east to Rocky Mountains [= Fort Klamath,
Oregon].

Corvus brachyrhynchos hargravei Phillips, 1942, Auk, 59, p. 574
— Burnt Corral Wash, 2 miles above Burnt Corral Ranch,
Forth Apache Indian Reservation, southwestern Apache
County, Arizona.

Western North America from northern British Columbia, coastal
Washington, central Alberta, and central Saskatchewan south to
northern Baja California (Guadalupe), central Arizona, and north-
central New Mexico.

== Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm

Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm, 1822, Beitr. Vogelkunde, 2, p. 56
— North America; restricted by Howell (1913, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 26, p. 200) to vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts.

Breeds from southwestern Mackenzie (Hay River, Fort Smith),
northeastern Alberta, northern Manitoba (north to James Bay
area), central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to Oklahoma, north-
eastern Texas, central Arkansas, central Tennessee, northwestern
West Virginia, southern Pennsylvania, and southern New Jersey.
Winters from the Canadian border south to southeastern Louisiana,
east-central Alabama, northern Georgia, north-central Virginia,
and northeastern North Carolina.

~€orvus brachyrhynchos paulus Howell
Corvus brachyrhynchos paulus Howell, 1913, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 26, p. 199 — Bon Secour, Alabama.
Eastern and southeastern United States from Delaware, Mary-
land, eastern and southern West Virginia, southeastern Kentucky,

FAMILY CORVIDAE 269

eastern Tennessee, Mississippi, southeastern Arkansas, Louisiana,
and southeastern Texas south to the Gulf of Mexico and the northern
border of Florida.!

.————. Corvus brachyrhynchos pascuus Coues
Corvus americanus pascuus Coues, 1899, Auk, 16, p. 84. New
name for Corvus americanus var. floridanus Baird, preoccupied
—extreme southern portion of Florida, not far from Fort
Dallas [= Miami].
Peninsular Florida; sight records for the Dry Tortugas and the
Florida Keys.
CORVUS CAURINUS?
Northwestern Crow
_——Corvus caurinus Baird
Corvus caurinus Baird, 1858, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence,
Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, pp. 559; 569 — Wash-
ington Territory and northwestern coast [= Fort Steilacoom,
Washington].

Coast and off-shore islands of northwest North America from
southern Alaska south to Puget Sound and Long Beach, Wash-
ington.

CORVUS IMPERATUS

Corvus imparatus Peters

~ ¥/-- Corvus imparatus Peters, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42,
p- 123 — Rio La Cruz, Tamaulipas, Mexico (New name for
C. mexicanus of authors nec Gmelin = Cassidix mexicanus).

Corvus sinaloae Davis, 1958, Auk, 70, p. 163 — Escuinapa,
Sinaloa, Mexico.

Coastal lowlands and river valleys (to an altitude of 3,000 feet)
of northern Mexico, exclusive of Baja California. Locally abundant
south to Colima on the Pacific slope, and in Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas
and San Luis Potosi. Casual on Maria Madre Island.

CORVUS OSSIFRAGUS
Fish Crow
Corvus ossifragus Wilson

Corvus ossifragus Wilson, 1812, Amer. Orn., 5, p. 27, pl. 37, fig. 2
— Great Egg-Harbor [= Beasley’s Point, New Jersey].

1 Summer specimens have also been taken in southeastern Missouri and
northwestern Arkansas (Fort Smith).

2 Possibly conspecific with C. brachyrhynchos.

3 The distinctive voice of west coast birds, documented by audio-specto-
graphic analyses, was the primary basis for separation. Formal recognition

of ‘‘stnaloae”’ must be withheld in the absence of a morphological character.
EK. B.

270 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains of eastern United States from
Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York south to Key West,
and from southeastern Texas and Louisiana eastward; inland along
major river systems to northwestern Louisiana, east-central Okla-
homa, southwestern Tennessee, central Georgia, western South
Carolina, northwestern North Carolina, central Virginia, District
of Columbia, central Maryland, central Pennsylvania, and central
eastern New York.

CORVUS PALMARUM

-Corvus palmarum minutus Gundlach

Corvus minutus Gundlach, 1852, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,
6, p. 315 — Cuba.

Cuba, principally in the provinces of Pinar del Rio and Camagiiey.

Corvus palmarum palmarum Wiirttemberg

Corvus palmarum Wiirttemberg, 1835, Erste Reise N. Amer.,
p. 68 — vicinity of Cibao Mountains, Dominican Republic.

Hispaniola.
CORVUS JAMAICENSIS
Corvus jamaicensis Gmelin
Corvus jamaicensis Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1 (1), p. 367 —
Jamaica.
CORVUS NASICUS

- Corvus nasicus Temminck

Corvus nasicus Temminck, 1826, Nouv. Ree. Pl. col., 2, livr. 70,
p. 413 — Cuba.

Cuba, the Isle of Pines, and Grand Caicos Island (Bahamas).

CORVUS LEUCOGNAPHALUS

Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin

Corvus leucognaphalus Daudin, 1800, Traité Orn., 2, p. 231 —
Puerto Rico.

Hispaniolat and Puerto Rico.

CORVUS CORONE
Carrion Crow; Hooded Crow

-Corvus corone corone Linnaeus

Corvus Corone Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 105 —
“Europa; restricted to England by Hartert (1903, Vég. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 11).

1 Also recorded from Gonave and Saona islands, where possibly but ac-
cidental visitants.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 271

Corvus Trivialis pulchroniger Kleinschmidt, “1935,” Kat. meiner
orn. Sammlung, pp. 114, 115, substitute name for Corone Lin-
naeus, fide Kleinschmidt, in litt.

Western Europe, in England north to southern Scotland and on
the continent to Schleswig-Holstein, the Elbe, and western Czecho-
slovakia, south to the Iberian Peninsula, northern Italy, Switzer-
land, and Austria. On passage or in winter to Hungary, Corsica,
southern Italy, Sicily, and northern Morocco; has straggled to
Scandinavia, Madeira, and the Azores.

Corvus corone orientalis Eversmann

Corvus orientalis Eversmann, 1841, Addenda Pallas Zoogr., fasc.
2, p.7—near the Narym River, upper Bukhtarma, western
Siberia.
Corvus corone interpositus Laubmann, 1917, Verh. Orn. Ges.
ae Bayern, 13, p. 201 — Misaki, Hondo.

1 P< Corvus corone yunnanensis La Touche, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
43, p. 43 — Mengtsz, southern Yunnan.

Corvus corone saghalense Kumagai, 1926, Tori, 5, p. 127 — Ran-
domari, southern Sakhalin.

Eastern Iran (Khorasan), southeastern Transcaspia and oases of
Russian Turkestan west to the eastern coast of the Aral Sea,
northern Afghanistan west to northwestern Himalayas to Kashmir
and western Tibet and south to North West Frontier Province and
northern Baluchistan, mountains of Russian Turkestan in the
Pamirs and Tian Shan system to Sinkiang, north to the Altai and
Kuznetsk Mountains, then northward along western side of Yenisei
to borders of the taiga, then eastward in suitable regions probably
throughout central and eastern Asia to Anadyrland, Kamchatka,
Kuriles, Sakhalin, Manchuria, Korea, Japan, northern Mongolia
and parts of the Gobi, and China south to southeastern Yunnan
and northwestern Tonkin. In winter south to Fukien, northwestern
India, and southern Afghanistan.

_———~ Corvus corone cornix Linnaeus

Corvus Cornix Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 105 —
‘Europa;”’ restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vég. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 9).

Cornix cornix L., var. christophi Alphéraky, 1910, Mess. Orn., 1
p. 164 — eastern Sea of Azov.

Corvus cornix khozaricus Fediuschin, 1927, Journ. f. Orn., 75,
p. 494 — Bitiug, Voronezh, southern Russia.

Ireland, Isle of Man, northwestern and northern Scotland, and
outer islands (Hebrides, Orkneys, Shetlands, and Faroes), Den-
mark but not to Schleswig, and Europe east of the Elbe north to
Lapland, Archangel, lower Pechora, and east to the Urals, south

>

272 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

to the Crimea, eastern Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and about the
Danube. On passage and in winter to England, Europe to the
Atlantic coast of France; has straggled to Iceland, Greenland, Bear
Island, Spitzbergen, and Novaya Zemlya.

_—— Corvus corone sardonius Kleinschmidt

Corvus sardonius Kleinschmidt, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 92
— Sardinia.

Corone pallescens Madarasz, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12, p. 28 —
Cyprus.

Corvus cornix valachus Tschusi, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15, p. 121 —
Masin, Romania.

Corvus cornix syriacus Gengler, 1919, Journ. f. Orn., 67, p. 221
— Jerusalem.

Corvus cornix judaeus Meinertzhagen, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
39, p. 85 — Bir Salem, Palestine.

Corvus cornix minos Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
41, p. 19 — Candia, Crete.

Corsica, Sardinia, Italy except in the very north, Sicily, Yugo-
slavia and southeastern Europe south of the Danube, Crete, Cyprus,
Asia Minor, and Near East to Egypt in the Delta and south to
about Aswan.

Corvus corone sharpii Oates
Corvus sharpii Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, p. 20 —
“Siberia, Turkestan, Afghanistan, and a portion of India;” the
type is from Mardan in the Punjab, according to Ticehurst
(1926, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 31, p. 93).

Corvus cornix kaukasicus Gengler, 1919, Journ. f. Orn., 67,
p. 220 — Caucasus.

Western Siberia in the taiga from the Urals eastward to about
the Yenisei, Caucasus, Iran eastward to northern Khorasan (but
replaced in southern and eastern Khorasan by orientalis) and in
the Zagros where on southern slopes shows slight signs of inter-
gradation with capellanus. In winter to Russian and Chinese Turke-
stan, northwestern India, southern Afghanistan, southern Iran,
and Iraq.

Corvus corone capellanus Sclater
Corvus capellanus Sclater, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 694,
pl. 46 — Fao, southern Iraq.
Iraq eastward to southwestern Iran (Khuzistan and along the
coast toward Bushire).

FAMILY CORVIDAE 273

CORVUS MACRORHYNCHOS

__-—— Corvus macrorhynchos japonensis Bonaparte

Corvus japonensis Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 386
— Japan; restricted to Hokkaido by Stresemann (1916, Verh.
Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 279).

Corvus coronoides borealis Momiyama, 1927, Journ. Chosen Nat.
Hist. Soc., no. 5, p. 3 — Sisuka, southern Sakhalin.

Corvus coronoides hondoensis Momiyama, 1927, ibid., p.4—
Inaba prov., Hondo.

Corvus coronoides tikzenensis Momiyama, 1927, «ibid., p. 8 —
Chikuzen Prov., northern Kyushu.
Sakhalin, Kuriles, Japan (Hokkaido, Hondo, Sado, Oki, Seven
Islands of Izu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tanegashima, and Yakushima),
formerly Bonin Islands (subspecies?).

__-—— Corvus macrorhynchos connectens Stresemann

Corvus coronoides connectens Stresemann, 1916, Verh. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 12, p. 281 — Miyakoshima, southern Ryu Kyus.

Central and southern Riu Kius (Amami Oshima, Okinawa, and
Miyakoshima).

Corvus macrorhynchos osai Ogawa

Corvus macrorhynchus osai Ogawa, 1905, Annot. Zool. Japon., 5,
p. 196 — Kobamashima, southern Ryu Kyus.

Southernmost Riu Kius (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Kobama, Kuru,
Aragusuku).

“Corvus macrorhynchos mandshuricus Buturlin
Corvus macrorhynchus mandshuricus Buturlin, 1913, Mess. Orn.,
4, p.40 —Samarga River, Ussuriland.
Corvus coronoides quelpartis Momiyama, 1927, Journ. Chosen Nat.
Hist. Soc., no. 5, p. 1 — Saisiumen, Quelpart Island.
Corvus coronoides ijimai Momiyama, 1927, zbid., p. 8 — Tsushima.
Amurland (middle Amur north to the Zeya River, and lower
Amur to the gulf of Uda), Ussuriland, Manchuria, Korea, Tsushima,
and Quelpart.

Corvus macrorhynchos colonorum Swinhoe
Corvus colonorum Swinhoe, 1864, Ibis, p. 427 — northeastern
Formosa.
Corvus hassi Reichenow, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15, p. 51 —
Tsingtao, Shantung.
China from Hopeh, inland, to Shensi and Red Basin of Szechwan,

south to Tonkin, northern Laos, and perhaps northern Annam;
also Formosa.

274 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Corvus macrorhynchos hainanus Stresemann
Corvus coronoides hainanus Stresemann, 1916, Verh. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 12, p. 286 — Hoihow, Hainan.
Hainan Island.

?Corvus macrorhynchos mengtszensis La Touche

Corvus coronoides mengtszensis La Touche, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 43, p. 80 — Mengtsz, southern Yunnan.

Southern Yunnan.

Corvus macrorhynchos tibetosinensis Kleinschmidt and Weigold

Corvus macrorhynchos tibetosinensis Kleinschmidt and Weigold,

1922, Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 15 (3), p. 2 — “southeastern
Tibet in the Sifan region”’ [i.e. eastern Sikang].

Western China (Ningsia, Kansu, and Tsinghai, south and west
through Sikang and mountains of western Szechwan to northern
Yunnan), northeastern Burma, southeastern Tibet, and eastern
Himalayas from Assam to Sikkim.

~———— Corvus macrorhynchos intermedius Adams
Corvus intermedius Adams, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 471
— Kashmir, Dagshai, and Simla; restricted to Kashmir by
Stresemann (1916, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 282).

Himalayas from Nepal westward to Kashmir, Baltistan, and
Gilgit; Punjab, North West Frontier Province, and Afghanistan
(Safed Koh and Kafiristan); southern Tadzhikistan and southern
Transcaspia (but apparently rare) to eastern Iran in the Paropa-
misus and Seistan.

——————~ Corvus macrorhynchos culminatus Sykes

Corvus culminatus Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 96 —
Deccan [= Poona, Bombay, according to Whistler and Kin-
near (1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, p. 512)].

Corone anthracina Madarasz, 1911, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, 9,
p. 420 — Ceylon.

Corvus coronoides madaraszi Stresemann, 1916, Verh. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 12, p. 285 — Colombo, Ceylon.

India from central and eastern Rajputana, eastern Sind, Gangetic
Plain, and Bihar, southward through central and peninsular India
to Ceylon. In the Gangetic Plain and Bihar the population is in-
termediate between culminatus and levaillantii.

__—. Corvus macrorhynchos levaillantii Lesson
Corvus Levaillantii Lesson, end of 1830 or early 1831, Traité
Orn., p. 328 — Bengal.

Corvus andamanensis Beavan, 1867, Ibis, p. 328 — Andamans.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 275

Bengal, Assam, Burma, northern Thailand, and Andamans. In
India race grades into culminatus; in northeastern Burma into
tibetosinensis, though the population is closer to and best referred
to levaillantii; in southern, Burma, and also in Thailand, grades
into nominate macrorhynchos.

_——~ Corvus macrorhynchos macrorhynchos Wagler

Corvus Macrorhynchos Wagler, 1827, Syst. Av., Corvus, sp. 3, ex

Temminck MS. ‘“‘Nova Hollandia, Nova Guinea et in insulis
Sumatra et Java” [= Java].

Cornix timorensis Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 37, p. 829 — Timor.

Corvus coronoides inoptatus Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36,
p. 7— Rana Mesé, Flores.

Malay Peninsula, central and southern Indo-China, Greater and
Lesser Sundas to Timor and Wetar; status on Borneo uncertain.

= Corvus macrorhynchos philippinus (Bonaparte)
Cormx philippinus Bonaparte, 1853, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 37, p. 830 — Philippines.
Philippines, but not Palawan.

CORVUS ORRU
Australian Crow

~~~ Corvus orru orru Bonaparte
Corvus orru Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1 (1850), p. 385 —
“New Guinea,” ex Miller MS, Lobo, Triton Bay.
Corvus annectens Briiggemann, 1876, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, 5,
p- 75 — “‘Celebes.’’!
Corvus salvadorii Finsch, 1884, Mitt. Orn. Ver. Wien, p. 109 —
Port Moresby.

Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Mare, Moti,
Makian, Bisa, and Obi Major), western Papuan islands and islands
of Geelvink Bay, New Guinea, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago, Tro-
briand Islands, Woodlark Island, and the Louisiades.

———~ Corvus orru insularis Heinroth
Corvus insularis Heinroth, 1903, Journ. f. Orn., 51, p. 69 — Ga-
zelle Peninsula, New Britain.
New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, Rooke, and Vitu
Islands.

1 This form is recognized in Sharpe’s ‘“‘Hand-list”’ but the record ‘“‘Celebes”’
appears to be an error as the range of the species does not extent to Celebes.

276 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Corvus orru latirostris Meyer
Corvus latirostris Meyer, 1884, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn., 1, p. 199 —
Timorlaut [= Tenimber].
Tenimber and Barbar Islands.

Corvus orru cecilae Mathews

Corvus coronoides cecilae Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 442
—northwestern Australia [= Napier Broome Bay].

Corvus bennetti queenslandicus Mathews, 1912, ibid., p. 443 —
Queensland [= Dawson River].

Corvus cecilae hartogi Mathews, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40,
p. 76 — Dirk Hartog Island, West Australia.

Corvus cecilae probléema Mathews, 1923, Austral Avian Rec., 5,
p-. 42 — Derby, northwestern Australia.

Australia, including Melville Island.

CORVUS BENNETTI
Little Crow
Corvus bennetti North

Corvus bennetti North, 1901, Victorian Nat., 17, p. 170 — Moolah,
western New South Wales.

Corvus bennetti bonhoti Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 442
— Murchison, West Australia.

Corvus cecilae marngli Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1,
p. 52 — Marngle Creek, West Kimberley, West Australia.

Western and South Australia to western New South Wales,

central Australia to western Queensland, and Gulf of Carpenteria
to Cape York.

CORVUS CORONOIDES
Australian Raven

——— Corvus coronoides coronoides Vigors and Horsfield!

Corvus Coronoides Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 15, p. 261 — Australia, restricted to Parramatta, New
South Wales by Stresemann (1916, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern,
12, p. 290).

Corvus australis Gould, 1865, Handb. Birds Australia, 1, p. 475
— Australia.

1 The name Corvus australis Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 365, which
might threaten the stability of nomenclature, was published simultaneously
with Corvus australis, op. cit., p.377, a synonym of Cuculus (= Monasa)
niger Miiller, 1776. As first revisor, I herewith select Corvus australis of p. 377
to have priority according to the Code. This eliminates Corvus australis of
p. 365 as a homonyn. C. V.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 277

Corvus marianae Mathews, 1911, Emu, 10, p. 326, new name for
Corvus australis Gould, preoccupied by Corvus australis Gmelin.

Corvus coronoides perplexus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 442 — Perth, West Australia.

Corvus marianae mellori Mathews, 1912, ibid., p. 443 — South
Australia [= Angas Plains].

Corvus marianae halmaturinus Mathews, 1912, ibid., p. 443 —
Kangaroo Island, South Australia.

Corvus difficilis Stresemann, 1943, Journ. f. Orn., 91, p. 125 —
Malbon, Cloncurry district, northwestern Queensland.1

Australia from southern Queensland in the east, and the Gulf

of Carpentaria in the northeast, southward to Victoria, west to
southern Western Australia, and islands of the Bass Strait.

Corvus coronoides tasmanicus Mathews

Corvus marianae tasmanicus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 443 — Tasmania.

Tasmania.

CORVUS TORQUATUS

Corvus torquatus Lesson, end of 1830 or early 1831, Traité Orn.,
p. 328 — “Nouvelle Hollande,” error for China according to
Schlegel.

Southwestern Manchuria (?), and eastern and central China from
Hopeh south to Tonkin, northern Annam, and Hainan, inland to
Shensi, southern Kansu, Red Basin of Szechwan and eastern Sikang,
perhaps eastern Yunnan; straggles to Formosa and has been ob-
served in southwestern Manchuria.

CORVUS ALBUS
Pied Crow

Corvus albus Miller?

Corvus albus P. L. 8S. Miller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 85 —

Senegal.

The Ethiopian region from Senegal, Sudan, northern Ethiopia,
and Somaliland southward; also Fernando Po, Pemba, Zanzibar,
Aldabra, Assumption, Comoros, and Madagascar. Rare or absent

in some dry parts of Southwest Africa and in some sections of the
Congo forest.

1 This form is based on a single specimen; it appears to be an aberrant
specimen of coronoides or, possibly, a hybrid of coronoides and bennetti.

2 Corvus scapulatus Daudin, 1800, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list” is a synonym.

278 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

CORVUS TROPICUS
~~ Corvus tropicus Kerr

Corvus tropicus Kerr, 1792, Animal Kingdom, 1, pt. 2, p. 640 —

Hawaii.

Corvus hawariensis Peale, 1848, U.S. Expl. Exped., ed.1, 8,
p. 106 — “‘a few miles inland from the village of Kaawaloa,”’
Hawaii.

Island of Hawaii, restricted to the Kona [western] slopes.

CORVUS CRYPTOLEUCUS
White-necked Raven
Corvus cryptoleucus Couch

Corvus cryptoleucus Couch, 1854, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 7, p. 66— State of Tamaulipas, Mexico [= Charco
Escondido, Tamaulipas].

Western United States and Mexico from southeastern Arizona,
southern New Mexico, northeastern Colorado, and south-central
Nebraska south to Guanajuato and Tamaulipas.

CORVUS RUFICOLLIS
— ~Corvus ruficollis ruficollis Lesson!

Corvus ruficollis Lesson, end of 1830 or early 1831, Traité Orn.,
p- 329 — no locality; type locality accepted as Cape Verde
Archipelago, as fixed by Hartert (1921, V6g. pal. Fauna, 3,
p. 2020).

Cape Verde Archipelago, Sahara south to northern Nigeria,
Egypt, Sudan in the desert and arid districts, Red Sea districts,
Ethiopia south to Kenya, Sinai Peninsula, Palestine, Arabia,
Socotra, southern Iraq (?, one old record), southern Iran in the
Zagros to Fars and probably Kirman, islands of the Persian Gulf,
Persian Baluchistan and probably Baluchistan proper to western
Sind, Seistan, Afghanistan in the Paropamisus and probably in the
south since it occurs in Seistan, Transcaspia, plains and parts of
the desert between the Amu and Syr Daryas.

~———~ Corvus ruficollis edithae Phillips

Corvus edithae Phillips, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl, 4, p. 36 —
Somaliland [Hainwaina Plain].

British and Italian Somaliland.

1 Corvus umbrinus Sundevall, 1838 (Sennar, Sudan) and Corvus corax
krauset Zedlitz, 1908 (El Tor, Sinai) of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list”? are synonyms.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 279

CORVUS CORAX

Raven

Corvus corax principalis Ridgway

Corvus corax principalis Ridgway, 1887, Manual N. Amer. Birds,
p. 361 — Northern North America, from Greenland to Alaska,
south to British Columbia, Canada, New Brunswick, etc.
[= St. Michael, Alaska].

Islands of the Bering Sea (St. Lawrence; St. Matthew; Nunivak),
the Aleutians, Alaska, Arctic Canada, and coastal Greenland south
along the coast and through central and southeastern British
Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba,
northeastern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin and Michigan, southern
Ontario, central and northeastern Quebec, southeastern Maine,
southern New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland; also
remote parts of the Appalachian Mountains south to northeastern
Georgia (Brasstown Bald). Formerly bred over the Great Plains
area south to central Kansas, northern Arkansas, and to north-
eastern Alabama.

Corvus corax sinuatus Wagler

Corvus sinuatus Wagler, 1829, Isis von Oken, 22, heft 7, col. 748
— Mexico; restricted to Orizaba, Veracruz, by Oberholser
(1918, Ohio Journ. Sci., 18, p. 220), and to Ixmiquilpan
[= Yxmiquilpah], Hidalgo, by van Rossem (1934, Trans. San
Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 353).

Corvus corax clarionensis Rothschild and Hartert, 1902, Novit.
Zool., 9, p.381—Clarion Island [Revilla Gigedo Islands,
Mexico].

Mountains of western North America from south-central British
Columbia (Okanagan Valley), northern Idaho, western and south-
central Montana, and southwestern South Dakota south through
Mexico (including islands of the Gulf of California and the Revilla
Gigedo Islands) and Central America to northwestern Nicaragua

(San Rafael del Norte).

Corvus corax varius Briinnich!
Corvus Varius Brinnich, 1764, Orn. Boreal., p. 8 — Faroes.
Corvus corax islandicus Hantzsch, 1906, Orn. Monatsb., 14, p. 130
— Iceland.
Iceland and Faroes.

——~~ Corvus corax corax Linnaeus
Corvus Corax Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 105 —

“Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, V6g. pal.
Fauna, 1, p. 2).
1 The name Corvus leucophaeus Vieillot, 1817, of Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-list”’ is
a synonym.
19

280 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

Corvus corax hispanus Hartert and Kleinschmidt, 1901, Novit.
Zool., 8, p. 45 — Aguilas near Murcia, Spain.

Corvus sardus Kleinschmidt, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 92 —
Sardinia.

Corvus corax dardaniensis Gengler, 1918, Orn. Monatsb., 26,
p. 110 — Ueskiib, Macedonia.

Corvus corax wotan Floericke, 1922, V6gelbuch, p. 136, new name
for corax Linnaeus, fide Hartert and Steinbacher.

Corvus corax tschuiensis Sushkin, 1925, List Distrib. Birds Russian
Altai, p. 64— upper Sagrash River, a tributary of the Kair
River, central Russian Altai.

Corvus corax cyprius Orlando, 1939, Riv. Ital. Orn., 9, p. 237 —
Cyprus.

Local throughout Europe including Mediterranean islands (ex-
cept Crete where the population closer to swbcorax), Caucasus, north-
western and northern Iran, and Siberia to basins of Yenisei and
Khatanga Rivers and Lake Baikal, south to the Kirghiz Steppes,
Altai, Tarbagatai, and the Sayans; accidental in Spitzbergen and
Novaya Zemlya. In eastern Greece population probably closer to
subcorax; in region between Lake Baikal and Yakutsk population
intermediate between nominate corax and kamtschaticus.

————-Corvus corax kamtschaticus Dybowski

Corvus corax kamtschaticus Dybowski, 1883, Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, p. 362 — Kamchatka.

Corvus corax behringianus Dybowski, 1883, ibid., p. 363 — Bering
Island.

Corvus corax ussurianus Taczanowski, 1891, Fauna Orn. Sib.
Orient., pt. 1, 527 — Russian Manchuria.

Corvus corax sibiricus Taczanowski, 1891, zbid., p. 526 — eastern
Siberia.

Siberia east of nominate corax, to Anadyrland, Kamchatka, Com-
mander Islands, coasts of the Sea of Okhotsk, south to northern
Mongolia and the Gobian Altai, Transbaicalia, Amurland, northern
Manchuria, Sakhalin, Kuriles, and Hokkaido. In northern Hopeh
in winter.

Corvus corax tingitanus Irby
Corvus tingitanus Irby, 1874, Ibis, p. 264 — Tangier.

Corvus corax canariensis Hartert and Kleinschmidt, 1901, Novit.
Zool., 8, p. 45 — Palma, western Canaries.

Corvus corax jordansi Niethammer, 1953, Bonner Zool. Beitr., 4,
p. 74 — Oliva, Fuerteventura, eastern Canaries.

FAMILY CORVIDAE 281

North Africa from coastal Egypt (El Arab Gulf) westward to
Morocco, south to the Pre Saharian Atlas, and Canaries.!

Corvus corax subcorax Severtzov

Corvus subcorax Severtzov, 1873, Vertikal .. . Turkestan Zhivotn.,
1872, p.115 — northwestern and _ southeastern [Russian]
Turkestan.

Corvus Laurencei Hume, 1873, in Henderson and Hume, Lahore
to Yarkand, p. 235 — Punjab.

Corvus corax kretae von Jordans and Steinbacher, 1943, Sencken-
bergiana, 26, p. 73 — Canea, Crete.

From eastern Greece and Crete (see nominate corax), eastward
through Asia Minor, Near East, northern and western Iraq, Iran
with the exceptions of the regions occupied by nominate corax, to
Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Sind, Rajputana, and the Punjab,
Transcaspia, southern Kyzyl Kum, and Russian and Chinese
Turkestan where it replaces tibetanus in the plains or at lower
elevations in the mountains; straggles to Kashmir.

—~——Corvus corax tibetanus Hodgson
Corvus Tibetanus Hodgson, 1849, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 3,
p. 203 — Tibet.

Mountains of central Asia from Kansu, south through Tsinghai,
Sikang, Tibet, and Tibetan tracts of the Himalayas to Ladak,
Rupshu, Zaskar, Baltistan, Gilgit, northeastern Afghanistan (pro-
bably), Karakoram, Pamirs, Kun Lun, Tian Shan, and Alai systems.

CORVUS RHIPIDURUS

—_—~Corvus rhipidurus Hartert
Corvus rhipidurus Hartert, 1918, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 21,
new name for Corvus affinis Riippell, 1835, Neue Wirbelthiere
... Abyssinian, Vogel, p. 20, pl. 10, fig. 2 — Massaua, Eritrea;
preoccupied by C. affinis Shaw, 1809.

Corvus brachycercus Hellmayr, 1919, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 14,

p. 131 — new name for C. affinis Riippell.
Southern Syria, Palestine, Jordan, Arabia (but not reported from
the eastern coast), Sinai, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Somaliland south to
* the Sudan and Kenya, also the Air Massif in the southern Sahara.

CORVUS ALBICOLLIS
White-necked Raven
—-— Corvus albicollis Latham
Corvus albicollis Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 1, p. 151 — ‘‘Af-
1 For a discussion of Corvus leptonyx Peale, 1848, U.S. Exploring Exped.,
ed. 1, p. 105 — near Funchal, Madeira, see Hartert, 1903, Vo6g. pal. Fauna,
1, p. 6, footnote. A Raven (species?) may wander to Madeira.
19*

282 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD

rica?’’; restricted to Capetown by Meinertzhagen (1926, Novit.

Zool., 33, p. 96).
Kast and South Africa from Uganda and Kenya south to Nama-

qualand and Cape Colony.

CORVUS CRASSIROSTRIS

———— Corvus crassirostris Riippell
Corvus crassirostris Riippell, 1836, Neue Wirbelthiere . .. Abys-
sinien, Vog., p. 19, pl. 8, 1835 — Abyssinian highlands.

Eritrea and Ethiopia, straggling to British Somaliland and the
Sudan.

ADDENDA
p. 10
?Passer domesticus tauricus Portenko

Passer domesticus tauricus Portenko, 1960, Akad. Nauk, Zool.
Inst., ser. 69, Birds U.S.S.R., pt. 4, p. 243 — Simferopol,
Crimea.

Crimean region.

?Passer domesticus colchicus Portenko

Passer domesticus colchicus Portenko, 1960, Akad. Nauk, Zool.
Inst., ser. 69, Birds U.S.S.R., pt. 4, p. 244 — Artvin, Turkey.

Black Sea region of Gruziya and northeastern Turkey.

p. 53

Ploceus megarhynchus salimalii Abdulali

Ploceus megarhynchus salimalit Abdulali, 1960, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 57, p. 660 — Bhutan Duars.

Bhutan Duars and Assam.

p. 96

Lamprotornis australis degener Clancey

Lamprotornis australis degener Clancey, 1959, Durban Mus. No-
vit., 5, p. 216 — Farm Malamala (alt. ca. 900 ft.), Newington,
eastern Transvaal lowveld, South Africa.

Northwestern Transvaal east to southern Mozambique and south
to eastern Swaziland and extreme northern Zululand.

p. 121
?Buphagus erythrorhynchus scotinus Clancey and Lawson
Buphagus erythrorhynchus scotinus Clancey and Lawson, 1961,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 81, p. 130 — Panda, Inhambane District,
Sul do Save, southern Mozambique.

Coastal region from northeastern Tanganyika southern to Natal?
and Zululand.

284 ADDENDUM

p. 167
CRACTICUS CASSICUS
— Cracticus cassicus cassicus (Boddaert)

Ramphastos cassicus Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. enlum., p. 83 —
New Guinea; restricted to the Vogelkop by Mayr, 1941, List
New Guinea Birds, p. 164. :

New Guinea, Aru Islands, western Papuan Islands (Misol, Gebe,
Salawati, Batanta, Waigeu), and islands of Geelvink Bay (Kurudu,
Japen, Numfor, Biak).

Cracticus cassicus hercules Mayr

Cracticus cassicus hercules Mayr, 1940, Amer. Mus. Novit., No.
1091, p. 3— Kaileuna Island, Trobriand Islands.

Trobriand Islands (Kiriwina, Kitawa, Kaileuna) and D’Entre-
casteaux Archipelago (Fergusson and Goodenough).

CRACTICUS LOUISIADENSIS

Cracticus louisiadensis Tristram

Cracticus louisiadensis Tristram, 1889, Ibis, p. 555 — Sudest Is-
land.

Strepera rosa-alba De Vis, 1890, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea,
1888-90, p. 59 — Sudest Island.

Tagula Island, Louisiade Archipelago.

p. 246

Dendrocitta vagabunda bristoli Paynter

Dendrocitta vagabunda bristoli Paynter, 1961, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 58, p. 381 — Jabri (ca. 11 miles west of Murree),
alt. 900 meters, Hazara District, West Pakistan.

Lower ranges of the westernmost Himalayas from Hazara Di-
strict, West Pakistan, southeast to vicinity of Dehra Dun, India.

p. 265
Corvus enca sierramadrensis Rand and Rabor

Corvus enca sierramadrensis Rand and Rabor, 1961, Fieldiana,
Zool., 39, p.577—San Pascua, Gonzaga, Cagayan Prov.,
Sierra Madre, Luzon.

Philippines in extreme northeastern Luzon.

abayensis, Ploceus, 38
abraensis, Dicrurus, 148
abyssinica, Loxia, 46
abyssinicus, Coliuspasser, 72
abyssinicus, Lamprocolius, 94
abyssinicus, Passer, 17
abyssinicus, Ploceus, 46
abyssinicus, Sporopipes, 30
acanthilis, Seleucidis, 188
Acridotheres, 112
acuticaudus, Lamprocolius, 95
acuticaudus, Lamprotornis, 95
acutirostris, Heteralocha, 159
acutirostris, Neomorpha, 158
adamauae, Pyromelana, 67
adamsi, Montifringilla, 28
addenda, Lophorina, 194
adelphus, Dissemurus, 154
adsimilis, Corvus, 139, 149
adsimilis, Dicrurus, 139, 149
aedificans, Amblyornis, 176
aenea, Aplornis, 79
aeneocephalus, Lamprotornis, 97
aeneus, Dicrurus, 146
aethiopica, Amblyospiza, 31
aethiopica, Quelea, 62
aethiopicus, Ploceus, 62
Aethiopsar, 112

afer, Corvus, 260

afer, Euplectes, 65

afer, Ptilostomus, 260

affinis, Aplonis, 83

affinis, Calornis, 83

affinis, Corvus, 281

affinis, Cyanocorax, 223
affinis, Edolius, 157

affinis, Oriolus, 124
afghanorum, Temenuchus, 106
afra, Loxia, 65

africanus, Buphagus, 121
Agropsar, 104

ahasver, Passer, 10
Ailuroedus, 172

alashanica, Pica, 253

alberti, Pteridophora, 196
alberti, Ptiloris, 188
albertinae, Charitornis, 117
albertinae, Streptocitta, 117
albertisi, Drepanephorus, 189
albertisi, Drepanornis, 189

INDEX

albescens, Perisoreus, 237
albicans, Epimachus, 191
albicans, Falcinellus, 191
albicapillus, Spreo, 100
albicollis, Corvus, 281
albicollis, Pica, 117
albicollis, Streptocitta, 117
albifrons, Amblyospiza, 31
albifrons, Pyrrhula, 32
albiloris, Oriolus, 126
albinucha, Ploceus, 50
albinucha, Sycobius, 50
albior, Cyanolyca, 219
albipectus, Garrulus, 230
albirictus, Bhuchanga, 141
albirictus, Dicrurus, 141
albirostris, Bubalornis, 3
albirostris, Coccothraustes, 3
albirostris, Kitta, 91
albirostris, Onychognathus, 91
albirostris, Ptilonorhynchus, 91
albiventer, Artamus, 162
albiventer, Ocypterus, 162, 164
albiventris, Artamus, 165
albiventris, Passer, 18
albocinctus, Acridotheres, 114
albonotata, Vidua, 72
albonotatus, Euplectes, 72
alboundata, Astrapia, 193
albus, Corvus, 277

aleocki, Dissemurus, 156
aldabrana, Buchanga, 140
aldabrana, Foudia, 62
aldabranus, Dicrurus, 140
alexandri, Ploceus, 36
algondae, Foudia, 63
algondae, Ploceus, 63
aliena, Sitagra, 39

alienus, Ploceus, 39
alipodis, Aplonis, 84
alipodis, Lamprocorax, 84
alleni, Oriolus, 133

alleni, Xanthophilus, 42
Alphachlamydera, 179
alpicola, Montifringilla, 27
alpicola, Passer, 27

alpinus, Pyrrhocorax, 260
altaicus, Nucifraga, 257
alter, Manucodia, 185
alticola, Urocissa, 241

288

altirostris, Aplonis, 83
altirostris, Calornis, 83
amadoni, Lamprotornis, 94
amani, Oriolus, 131
amaurocephalus, Ploceus, 54
amaurocephalus, Sycobrotus, 54
Amblyornis, 176
Amblyospitza, 30
Amblyospiza, 30
amboinensis, Dicrurus, 150
americana, Spiza, 24
amethystina, Loxia, 182
amethystinus, Lamprocolius, 93
amethystinus, Lamprotornis, 93
ammodendri, Passer, 8
Ampeliceps, 115

ampla, Paradisaea, 202
amurensis, Pica, 253
Amydrus, 87

amydrus, Artamus, 161
anachlorus, Ploceus, 38
anais, Mino, 115

anais, Sericulus, 115
analogus, Symplectes, 54
Anaplectes, 57
andamanensis, Corvus, 274
andamanensis, Dicrurus, 154
andamanensis, Eulabes, 119
andamanensis, Gracula, 119
andamanensis, Oriolus, 128
andamanensis, Sturnus, 105
andamanensis, Temenuchus, 105
anderssoni, Pica, 253

anga, Aplonis, 79

angelae, Cyanolyca, 216
angelorum, Ploceus, 53
angolensis, Euplectes, 69
angolensis, Oriolus, 133
angolensis, Ploceus, 57
angolensis, Sharpia, 57
Angroyan, 161

angusta, Neocichla, 100
anjuanensis, Foudia, 63
anjuanensis, Ploceus, 63
annamensis, Poliopsar, 111
annectans, Bhuchanga, 146
annectans, Dicrurus, 146
annectans, Passer, 14
annectens, Corvus, 275
annectens, Cyanocitta, 208
annectens, Cyanura, 208
anomala, Brachycope, 64
Anomalospiza, 74

anomalus, Euplectes, 65
anomalus, Ploceus, 65

INDEX

ansorgei, Diatropura, 74
ansorgei, Euplectes, 66, 74
ansorgei, Plocepasser, 5
ansorgei, Pyromelana, 66
anthracina, Corone, 274
Aphelocoma, 210

Aplonis, 75

Aplornis, 75

apoda, Paradisaea, 199
approximans, Euplectes, 69
approximans, Orynx, 69
arabicus, Cinnyricinclus, 98
arabs, Ploceus, 43
arboreus, Passer, 11
Archboldia, 175

arcuata, Fringilla, 16
arcus, Perisoreus, 236
ardens, Euplectes, 73
ardens, Fringilla, 73
ardens, Oriolus, 135
ardens, Psarolophus, 135
ardens, Sericulus, 178
ardens, Xanthomelus, 178
ardesiaca, Lophocitta, 205
ardesiacus, Platylophus, 205
arfakianus, Ailuroedus, 175
argenteus, Cracticus, 166
argentigula, Cyanolyca, 219
arguta, Calocitta, 228
arguta, Strepera, 172
Arizelopsar, 98

arizonae, Aphelocoma, 214
arizonae, Cyanocitta, 214
armillata, Cyanolyca, 216
armillatus, Cyanocorax, 216
armoricanus, Garrulus, 229
arnaudi, Nigrita, 7
arnaudi, Pseudonigrita, 7
arrigonii, Passer, 12
Artamidae, 160

Artamus, 161

aruensis, Mino, 116
arundinarius, Oriolus, 45
ashbyi, Sphecotheres, 136
ashbyi, Strepera, 170
asirensis, Pica, 252
assamensis, Psaroglossa, 102
assamica, Sturnia, 105
assamicus, Sturnus, 105
assimilis, Dendrocitta, 248
assimilis, Dicrurus, 149
assimilis, Oriolus, 126
astigmaticus, Ailuroedus, 174
Astrapia, 191
Astrapimachus, 202

INDEX 289

astrapioides, Epimachus, 203
Astrarchia, 191
asymmetrura, Penthetria, 72
asymmetrurus, Euplectes, 72
atactuc, Dicrurus, 140

ater, Manucodia, 184

ater, Phonygama, 184
aterrimus, Glaucopis, 206
aterrimus, Platysmurus, 206
athesiensis, Garrulus, 229
atra, Muscicapa, 141
atratus, Epimachus, 190
atratus, Falcinellus, 190
atricapillus, Garrulus, 231
atriceps, Cyanocitta, 210
atrifusca, Aplonis, 76
atrifusca, Lamprotornis, 76
atrigula, Ploceus, 53
atripennis, Dicrurus, 139
atrocaeruleus, Dicrurus, 149
atronitens, Aplonis, 79
attenuata, Bhringa, 147
audoni, Sphecotheres, 136
augustaevictoriae, Paradisaea, 200
aurantius, Malimbus, 41
aurantius, Ploceus, 41
aurata, Saroglossa, 102
auratus, Oriolus, 127
auratus, Turdus, 102

aurea, Coracias, 178

aurea, Loxia, 68
aureoflavus, Ploceus, 40
aureonucha, Ploceus, 50
aureus, Euplectes, 68
aureus, Oriolus, 177

aureus, Sericulus, 178
auricapillus, Ploceus, 45
auricomus, Symplectes, 55
Auripasser, 8

auripennis, Seleucides, 189
aurora, Loboparadisea, 182
australis, Aplonis, 75
australis, Corcorax, 160
australis, Corvus, 276
australis, Lamprotornis, 96
australis, Megalopterus, 96
australis, Miro, 75

australis, Petroica, 75
australis, Turdus, 75
australoabyssinicus, Pseudonigrita, 7
Austrartamus, 161

axillaris, Dicruropsis, 151
axillaris, Euplectes, 70
axillaris, Hyphantornis, 49
axillaris, Ploceus, 49

axillaris, Vidua, 71

azteca, Cyanocitta, 210
azurea, Calocitta, 228
azureitinctus, Garrulus, 234

bactriana, Pica, 252
bactrianus, Passer, 12
badius, Hyphantornis, 49
badius, Ploceus, 49
baglafecht, Hyphantornis, 45
baglafecht, Loxia, 34
baglafecht, Ploceus, 34
baicalicus, Passer, 9
baileyi, Dendrocitta, 249
baileyi, Dicrurus, 149
baileyi, Pyrrhocorax, 259
bailundensis, Lamprocolius, 96
bailundensis, Lamprotornis, 96
bakeri, Sericulus, 178
bakeri, Xanthomelus, 178
baleanicus, Sturnus, 107
balearica, Petronia, 24
balearoibericus, Passer, 9
balicassius, Corvus, 148
balicassius, Dicrurus, 148
baltistanicus, Oriolus, 127
bambergi, Garrulus, 232
banggaiensis, Dicrurus, 151
banguey, Dicrurus, 154
banguey, Dissemurus, 154
bannermani, Plocepasser, 6
bannermani, Ploceus, 36
barbara, Petronia, 25
barbarus, Pyrrhocorax, 259
barbata, Montifringilla, 29
barbata, Pyrgilauda, 29
barbatus, Edolius, 138
barbouri, Perisoreus, 236
barnesi, Astrarchia, 203
bartletti, Malimbus, 59
basilanicus, Oriolus, 125
Basilornis, 116

batakensis, Buchanga, 145
batakensis, Dicrurus, 145
batesi, Euplectes, 70
batesi, Othyphantes, 36
batesi, Ploceus, 36
batuensis, Gracula, 119
baweana, Gracula, 119
baya, Ploceus, 53

bazlei, Dendrocitta, 249
beattyi, Ploceus, 43
beavani, Dicrurus, 142
beecheii, Cissilopha, 220
beecheii, Pica, 220

290

behringianus, Corvus, 280
benghalensis, Loxia, 52
benghalensis, Ploceus, 52
benguellensis, Amydrus, 88
benguellensis, Onychognathus, 88
benguellensis, Passer, 16
bennetti, Corvus, 276
bensbachi, Janthothorax, 203
Bensonhyphantes, 34
bensoni, Poeoptera, 86
bensoni, Stilbopsar, 86
berlepschi, Parotia, 195
bertrandi, Hyphantornis, 37
bertrandi, Ploceus, 37
Bhringa, 138

Bhuchanga, 138

biblicus, Passer, 10
bicolor, Perisoreus, 237
bicolor, Ploceus, 54
bicolor, Speculipastor, 99
bicolor, Spreo, 99, 100
bicolor, Sycobrotus, 33
bicolor, Turdus, 99, 100
bicoloratus, Spreo, 99
biddulphi, Podoces, 255
bimaénsis, Dicrurus, 150
bispecularis, Garrulus, 234
bispecularis, Spreo, 93
blaauwi, Ailuroedus, 173
blaauwi, Oriolus, 124
blandita, Cyanolyca, 219
blanfordi, Montifringilla, 29
bloodi, Epimachus, 191
bloodi, Paradisea, 204
blundelli, Anaplectes, 60
blythii, Amydrus, 89
blythii, Onychognathus, 89
blythu, Pastor, 105
blythu, Sturnus, 105
Boanerges, 235

bocagei, Euplectes, 70
bocagei, Urobrachya, 70
Boetticherella, 64
boetticheri, Lamprotornis, 89
boetticheri, Passer, 19
b6hmi, Dinemellia, 4
b6hmi, Textor, 4
bohndorffi, Ploceus, 46
bojeri, Hyphantornis, 41
bojeri, Ploceus, 41

bojeri, Xanthophilus, 42
bokotoensis, Passer, 20
Bolbospiza, 32

bondi, Dicrurus, 143
boneratensis, Oriolus, 131

INDEX

bonhoti, Corvus, 276
borealis, Corvus, 273
borneensis, Chibia, 152
borneensis, Dicrurus, 152
bororensis, Petronia, 26
bottanensis, Pica, 253
bouroensis, Oriolus, 123
bouroensis, Philedon, 123
boweri, Sphecotheres, 136
brachycercus, Corvus, 281
Brachycope, 64
brachydactyla, Petronia, 23
brachyphorus, Dicrurus, 154
brachyphorus, Edolius, 154
brachypterus, Ploceus, 38
brachypus, Fregilus, 260
brachypus, Pyrrhocorax, 260
brachyrhynchos, Corvus, 268
brachyrhynchus, Oriolus, 132
bracteatus, Dicrurus, 149
brancoensis, Passer, 16
brandtii, Garrulus, 232
brauniana, Chaptia, 147
braunianus, Dicrurus, 147
brehmi, Corvus, 262
brevicauda, Aplonis, 82
brevicauda, Macruropsar, 82
brevicauda, Paradigalla, 189
brevipennis, Acridotheres, 114
brevirostris, Aplonis, 78
brevirostris, Dicrurus, 153
brevirostris, Lamprotornis, 78
brevirostris, Petronia, 25
brevirostris, Trichometopus, 153
brevivexilla, Urocissa, 241
bristoli, Dendrocitta, 246
britannicus, Sturnus, 107
broderipii, Oriolus, 130
Broderipornis, 123

bromia, Cyanocitta, 207
browni, Cyanocitta, 209
bruante, Foudia, 63
bruante, Fringilla, 63
bruijni, Grallina, 159
bruijnii, Drepanornis, 190
brunneicapilla, Aplonis, 86
brunneicapillus, Rhinopsar, 86
brunnescens, Aplonis, 78
brunnescens, Plocepasser, 6
bruyni, Craspedophora, 203
Bubalornis, 3
Bubalornithinae, 3
buecoides, Ailuroedus, 173
bucecoides, Kitta, 173
Buccokitta, 172

buchanani, Petronia, 26
budongoensis, Othyphantes, 36
buffonianus, Oriolus, 112
bullockii, Pica, 228
bungei, Perisoreus, 238
Buphaginae, 121
Buphagoides, 121
Buphagus, 121

biirgersi, Pteridophora, 197
burmanicus, Ploceus, 53
burmannica, Sturnia, 111
burmannicus, Sturnus, 111
buruensis, Dicrurus, 150
butleri, Anomalospiza, 74
buturlini, Cractes, 239

cabanisi, Nigrita, 7
cabanisi, Pseudonigrita, 7
cabanisil, Hyphantornis, 43
cabanisii, Ploceus, 43
ceactophila, Aphelocoma, 212
eaerulea, Pica, 207, 221
eaerulea, Urocissa, 240, 241
eaeruleocephala, Xanthoura, 226
caerulescens, Dicrurus, 146
caerulescens, Lanius, 146
eaeruleus, Cyanocorax, 221
caffer, Buphagus, 121
caffra, Coracias, 87

caffra, Pyrrhocheira, 88
Caffropasser, 8
cagayanensis, Chibia, 153
Calastrapia, 191
caledonicus, Corvus, 117
ealedoniensis, Garrulus, 229
californica, Aphelocoma, 211
ealifornicus, Garrulus, 211
Callaeas, 157

Callaeatidae, 157
Callaeidae, 157

Calocitta, 228

ealva, Gracula, 117

calva, Schlegelia, 198
ecalvus, Gracula, 117

calvus, Sarcops, 117
Calyphantria, 62
cambodianus, Poliopsar, 111
camburni, Hyphantornis, 41
camerunensis, Coliuspasser, 71
camerunensis, Ploceus, 38
camerunensis, Urobrachya, 70
Campbellornis, 161
camtschatica, Pica, 253
eana, Aphelocoma, 211

INDEX 291

canadensis, Corvus, 236
canadensis, Perisoreus, 236
canariensis, Corvus, 280
canariensis, Passer, 12
canicollis, Sphecotheres, 136
cantoroides, Aplonis, 80
cantoroides, Calornis, 80
capellanus, Corvus, 272
capensis, Corvus, 267
capensis, Euplectes, 68
capensis, Loxia, 69

capensis, Oriolus, 40
capensis, Ploceus, 40
capensis, Upupa, 103
capitalba, Amblyospiza, 31
capitalba, Coryphegnathus, 31
capitalis, Perisoreus, 237
capitalis, Ploceus, 48
capitalis, Tanagra, 48
captus, Psilorhinus, 227
carbonacea, Cyanocitta, 208
carbonarius, Dicrurus, 149
eardinalis, Hyphantica, 61
eardinalis, Quelea, 61
carlottae, Cyanocitta, 208
earolae, Parotia, 195
carolinae, Macgregoria, 183
Carpospiza, 23

earunculata, Gracula, 103
carunculata, Paradigalla, 189
carunculatus, Creadion, 158
carunculatus, Sturnus, 158
caryocatactes, Corvus, 256
caryocatactes, Nucifraga, 256
caspius, Garrulus, 231
cassicus, Cracticus, 167
cassicus, Ramphastos, 166
eassini, Malimbus, 58
cassini, Sycobius, 58
castaneiceps, Hyphantornis, 42
castaneiceps, Ploceus, 42
castaneigula, Hyphantornis, 42
castaneigula, Ploceus, 42
castaneo-fuscus, Ploceus, 47
castanicapillus, Symplectes, 56
castanops, Ploceus, 43
castanopterus, Passer, 13
catellatus, Passer, 19

earteri, Chlamydera, 180
cathoecus, Dicrurus, 142
caucasicus, Oriolus, 126
ecaucasicus, Sturnus, 108
caudatus, Lamprotornis, 97
caudatus, Perisoreus, 239
caudatus, Turdus, 97

caurina, Aphelocoma, 211
caurinus, Corvus, 269
caurinus, Ploceus, 45
cayanus, Corvus, 222
cayanus, Cyanocorax, 222
cecilae, Corvus, 276
celadina, Dendrocitta, 248
eelaenus, Dicrurus, 145
celebensis, Artamus, 162
celebensis, Basilornis, 116
celebensis, Broderipus, 131
celebensis, Corvus, 264
celebensis, Oriolus, 131
centralia, Neostrepera, 171
centralia, Strepera, 171
centralis, Cyanocorax, 225
centralis, Enodes, 120
centralis, Malimbus, 59
centralis, Pyrrhocorax, 259
centralis, Quelea, 62
centralis, Trypanocorax, 268
centralis, Xanthoura, 225
cerussata, Buchanga, 144
cervicalis, Garrulus, 230
cervinicauda, Drepanornis, 190
cerviniventris, Chlamydera, 181
ceylonensis, Dissemurus, 157
ceylonensis, Oriolus, 134
ceylonicus, Dicrurus, 157
Chaetorhynchus, 137
chalceus, Lamprotornis, 97
Chalcopsar, 91

chalecothorax, Parotia, 195
chalcura, Lamprotornis, 93
chalcurus, Lamprotornis, 93
chalybaeus, Lamprotornis, 94
chalybata, Paradisea, 185
chalybatus, Manucodia, 185
chalybea, Manucodia, 184
chalybeus, Turdus, 83
changamwensis, Pyromelana, 67
Chaptia, 138

Charitornis, 117

chauleti, Cissa, 243

chavezi, Cissilopha, 219
Chibia, 138

chinensis, Cissa, 242
chinensis, Coracias, 242
chinensis, Oriolus, 112, 128
ehiou, Garrulus, 231
Chlamydera, 179
chlorocephalus, Oriolus, 131
chloropterus, Lamprotornis, 95
chrishna, Edolius, 152
christophi, Cornix, 271

INDEX

chrysenia, Parotia, 195
chryseus, Ploceus, 51
chrysocephala, Meliphaga, 178
chrysocephalus, Sericulus, 178
chrysocomus, Symplectes, 32
chrysonotis, Lamprotornis, 96
chrysops, Cyanocorax, 223
chrysops, Pica, 224
chrysopterus, Diphyllodes, 198
chubbi, Lamprocolius, 96
Cicinnurus, 197

cineracea, Buchanga, 145
cineraceus, Sturnus, 110
cinerascens, Aplonis, 77
cinerascens, Dendrocitta, 247
cinerascens, Sporopipes, 30
cinerea, Callaeas, 157
cinerea, Creatophora, 103
cinerea, Glaucopis, 158
cinerea, Struthidea, 160
cinerea, Vanga, 167
cinereogenys, Oriolus, 125
cinereus, Acridotheres, 114
cinereus, Artamus, 164
cinereus, Cracticus, 167
cinereus, Rallus, 103
cinnamomea, Pyrgita, 13
cinnamomeus, Passer, 13
cinnamominus, Ploceus, 50
Cinnamopterus, 87
Cinnamopteryx, 33
Cinnyricinclus, 98
cireumscripta, Aplonis, 85
cireumscripta, Calornis, 85
cirtensis, Coloeus, 263
cirtensis, Corvus, 263
ciscaucasicus, Passer, 19
Cissa, 242

Cissilopha, 219

Cissopica, 240

clarionensis, Corvus, 279
claudia, Craspedophora, 188
claudii, Cicinnurus, 197
clelandi, Chlamydera, 179
clelandiae, Parotia, 195
Cnemophilinae, 181
Cnemophilus, 182
coccineifrons, Cicinnurus, 198
Coceycolius, 91

coelestis, Aphelocoma, 216
coerulescens, Aphelocoma, 211
coerulescens, Corvus, 213
colchicus, Passer, 10

colei, Cracticus, 167

colei, Strepera, 171

colimae, Aphelocoma, 215
Coliuspasser, 64

collaris, Corvus, 261
collaris, Ploceus, 46, 47
colletti, Cracticus, 166
colletti, Poliopsar, 110
colliei, Calocitta, 228
colliei, Pica, 228

Coloeus, 261

colonorum, Corvus, 273
colpiotes, Dissemurus, 155
columbiana, Nucifraga, 256
columbianus, Corvus, 256
compilator, Corvus, 264
ecomrii, Manucodia, 185
concolor, Amblyospiza, 32
concolor, Aphelocoma, 215
concolor, Cissa, 243
concolor, Cyanocorax, 215
concolor, Euplectes, 73
concolor, Neospiza, 32
concolor, Vidua, 73
confucius, Passer, 11
congoensis, Ploceus, 56
connectens, Corvus, 273
connectens, Lophorina, 194
connexus, Perisoreus, 237
conradsi, Coliuspasser, 71
conradsi, Euplectes, 71

consanguineus, Analcipus, 134

consanguineus, Oriolus, 134
consobrina, Foudia, 63
consobrinus, Oriolus, 125
contra, Sturnus, 110

cooki, Cyanopica, 244
coongani, Cracticus, 167
coracinus, Dicrurus, 139
corax, Corvus, 267, 279
Corcoracinae, 160
Corcorax, 160
cordofanicus, Passer, 15
cornix, Corvus, 264, 271
coronata, Cyanocitta, 209
coronatus, Ampeliceps, 115
coronatus, Garrulus, 209
coronatus, Lanius, 205
coronatus, Malimbus, 57
coronatus, Platylophus, 205
corone, Corvus, 270
coronoides, Corvus, 276
corrusca, Lamprotornis, 92
corruscus, Lamprotornis, 92
corsicanus, Garrulus, 230
Corvidae, 204

corvina, Aplonis, 77

INDEX

corvina, Lamprothornis, 77
Corvus, 261

Corymbicola, 177

corythaix, Basilornis, 116
corythaix, Pastor, 116
Cosmopsarus, 101

cottami, Cyanocitta, 209
couchii, Aphelocoma, 214
couchii, Cyanocitta, 214
cozumelae, Xanthoura, 225
Cractes, 235

Cracticidae, 166

Cracticus, 166
Craspedophora, 187
Craspedophorus, 187
craspedopterus, Euplectes, 67
craspedopterus, Ploceus, 67
crassa, Aplonis, 80

erassa, Calornis, 80
erassirostris, Ailuroedus, 173
erassirostris, Corvus, 282
crassirostris, Euplectes, 69
crassirostris, Lanius, 173
crassirostris, Malimbus, 60
erassirostris, Oriolus, 132
crassirostris, Pyromelana, 69
Creadion, 158

creaghi, Amydrus, 89
Creatophora, 103

cretorum, Garrulus, 230
crissalis, Strepera, 171
cristata, Cyanocitta, 207
cristata, Muscicapa, 140
cristata, Pica, 207
cristatella, Gracula, 114
cristatellus, Acridotheres, 114
cristatellus, Corvus, 222
cristatellus, Cyanocorax, 222
cristatus, Corvus, 207
cristatus, Malimbus, 57
crocata, Hyphantornis, 38
crocata, Icteropsis, 33
crocatus, Ploceus, 38
croconotus, Sycobrotus, 56
cruenta, Leptopteryx, 134
cruentus, Oriolus, 134
Crypsirina, 249
cryptoleucus, Corvus, 278

293

eryptorhynchus, Cicinnurus, 197

cucullata, Crypsirina, 250
cucullata, Cyanolyca, 218
cucullata, Temia, 250
eucullata, Urocissa, 240
cucullatus, Cyanocorax, 218
cucullatus, Oriolus, 46

294

cucullatus, Picnorhamphus, 137
cucullatus, Ploceus, 46
cucullatus, Sphecotheres, 137
culminator, Lamprocolius, 93
culminator, Lamprotornis, 93
culminatus, Corvus, 274
cupreocauda, Lamprocolius, 92
cupreocauda, Lamprotornis, 92
cuyensis, Chibia, 153

cuyensis, Dicrurus, 153

eyana, Cyanopica, 244
cyaniventris, Lamprotornis, 94
eyanocephala, Gymnorhinus, 206
Cyanocitta, 206

Cyanocorax, 220
ceyanodorsalis, Cyanocorax, 225
eyanodorsalis, Xanthoura, 225
ceyanogenys, Lamprocolius, 95
ecyanogenys, Lamprotornis, 95
eyanogenys, Psilorhinus, 227
eyanolaema, Cyanolyca, 217
eyanoleuca, Grallina, 159
eyanoleucus, Corvus, 159
Cyanolyca, 216

ecyanomelas, Cyanocorax, 221
cyanomelas, Pica, 221
Cyanopica, 244

eyanopogon, Corvus, 223
cyanopogon, Cyanocorax, 223
eyanoptera, Loxia, 165
eyanopterus, Artamus, 165
ceyanotephra, Cyanocitta, 207
eyanotis, Aphelocoma, 213
eyanus, Corvus, 244

eyprius, Corvus, 280

dalyi, Struthidea, 160
damarensis, Passer, 16
damarensis, Sporopipes, 30
dankali, Gymnoris, 23
dardaniensis, Corvus, 280
dauuricus, Corvus, 263
davidiana, Montifringilla, 28
davidiana, Pyrgilauda, 28
debilis, Passer, 13
decipiens, Mimeta, 123
decipiens, Oriolus, 123
decora, Paradisaea, 201
decoratus, Lamprocolius, 93
degener, Lamprotornis, 96
dehrae, Sturnopastor, 110
dejecta, Chibia, 149
delacouri, Euplectes, 73
delamerei, Coliuspasser, 73
delamerei, Euplectes, 73

INDEX

Dendrocitta, 246

densus, Dicrurus, 150
densus, Edolius, 150
dentata, Petronia, 26
dentata, Xanthodira, 26
dentirostris, Scenopoeetes, 175
dentirostris, Scenopoeus, 175
derbyi, Artamus, 165
diademata, Cyanocitta, 209
diadematus, Cyanogarrulus, 209
diadematus, Euplectes, 66
diaphorus, Garrulus, 233
Diatropura, 64

dichroa, Aplonis, 81
dichroa, Calornis, 81
dickeyi, Cyanocorax, 224
Dicrachibia, 138
Dicranostreptus, 138
dicrocephala, Hyphantornis, 48
dicrocephalus, Ploceus, 48
Dicruridae, 137
dicruriformis, Dicrurus, 154
dicruriformis, Dissemuroides, 154
Dicruropsis, 138

Dicrurus, 138

diesingii, Cyanocorax, 223
difficilis, Corvus, 277
diffusa, Pyrgita, 18

diffusus, Oriolus, 128
diffusus, Passer, 18
digitatus, Pyrrhocorax, 260
Dilophus, 103

dilutescens, Ploceus, 47
dilutus, Passer, 20
dimidiata, Hyphantornis, 49
dimidiatus, Ploceus, 49
dinemelli, Dinemellia, 4
dinemelli, Textor, 4
Dinemellia, 4

Diphyllodes, 198

diporus, Dicrurus, 145
Dissemuroides, 138
Dissemurulus, 138
Dissemurus, 138

disturbans, Dicrurus, 144
divaga, Monarcha, 137
divaricata, Muscicapa, 139
divaricatus, Dicrurus, 139
docilis, Corvus, 259

docilis, Pyrrhocorax, 259
dohertyi, Dicrurus, 151
domestica, Fringilla, 9
domesticus, Passer, 9
donaldsoni, Cosmopsarus, 102
donaldsoni, Plocepasser, 6

dorsalis, Gymnorhina, 170
dorsalis, Nigrita, 7

dorsalis, Pseudonigrita, 7
dorsomaculatus, Ploceus, 56
dorsomaculatus, Symplectes, 56
Drepananax, 189
Drepanephorus, 189
Drepanornis, 189
Drepanoplectes, 64

dresseri, Sturnus, 109
dubiosus, Coliuspasser, 66
dubium, Scissirostrum, 121
dubius, Lanius, 121
duboisi, Ploceus, 48
ducalis, Astrapia, 193
dulitensis, Buchanga, 145
duivenbodei, Craspedophora, 203
duivenbodei, Paradisea, 204
duivenbodei, Parotia, 204
dumontii, Mino, 115
dybowskii, Passer, 19
dyotti, Ptiloris, 187
dzungaricus, Sturnus, 108

edgari, Oriolus, 131
edithae, Corvus, 278
edmundi, Othyphantes, 35
Edolius, 138
elassopterus, Dissemurus, 155
elberti, Lamprocolius, 94
elegans, Pastor, 104
elgonensis, Amydrus, 88
elgonensis, Dicrurus, 138
elgonensis, Onychognathus, 88
elisabeth, Lamprocolius, 95
elisabeth, Lamprotornis, 95
ellioti, Epimachus, 203
elliottsmithi, Astrapia, 192
eminentissima, Foudia, 62
emini, Lamprocolius, 94
emini, Lamprotornis, 94
emini, Nigrita, 7
emini, Ploceus, 36
emini, Sporopipes, 30
emini, Sycobrotus, 36
eminibey, Passer, 22
eminibey, Sorella, 22
enca, Corvus, 264
enca, Fregilus, 264
enchorus, Philetairus, 7
endomychus, Dissemurus, 154
enganensis, Aplonis, 84
enganensis, Calornis, 84
enganensis, Gracula, 119
enigmaticus, Passer, 11

20

INDEX 295

Enodes, 120

Epimachus, 190

epipolius, Ploceus, 55

eques, Euplectes, 72

eques, Vidua, 72
Eremiphantes, 34
Eremiplectes, 34

eremnus, Philetairus, 8
eremobius, Ploceus, 36
eremobius, Symplectes, 36
eritreae, Passer, 17

erlangeri, Plocepasser, 5
erythrogaster, Malimbus, 59
erythrogenys, Calyphantria, 60
erythrophris, Enodes, 120
erythrophris, Lamprotornis, 120
erythrops, Ploceus, 61
erythrops, Quelea, 61
erythropygia, Sturnia, 105
erythropygius, Sturnus, 105
erythroramphos, Coracia, 258
erythrorhamphus, Pyrrhocorax, 258
erythrorhyncha, Tanagra, 121
erythrorhyncha, Urocissa, 241
erythrorhynchus, Buphagus, 121
erythrorhynchus, Corvus, 241
Estrildidae, 3

ethelae, Cracticus, 166
euchlorus, Auripasser, 22
euchlorus, Passer, 22
Eucorax, 184

Eulabes, 118

EKuplectes, 64

Euploceus, 34

Eupodoces, 254

eustathis, Aplonis, 83
eustathis, Lamprocorax, 83
eustictus, Oriolus, 128
exceptio, Gracula, 119
exhibita, Parotia, 195

exigua, Petronia, 25

exiguus, Passer, 25

extra, Diphyllodes, 198
eylandtensis, Gymnorhina, 169

facialis, Ailuroedus, 174
fagani, Malimbus, 59
fairfaxi, Ailuroedus, 174
fairfaxi, Prionodura, 177
Faleulea 75

fallax, Corvus, 264

fangi, Bhringa, 147
faroensis, Sturnus, 107
fasciatus, Garrulus, 230
fasciatus, Glandarius, 230

296

fastuosus, Epimachus, 190
fastuosus, Promerops, 190
feadensis, Aplonis, 80
feadensis, Calornis, 80
feminina, Astrapia, 192
feminina, Hyphantornis, 46
feminina, Lophorina, 193
femoralis, Cinnyricinclus, 98
femoralis, Pholidauges, 98
fennorum, Pica, 251
ferdinandi, Garrulus, 229
ferdinandi, Sturnus, 107
finki, Gymnorhina, 169
finschi, Oriolus, 123
finschi, Paradisaea, 200
finschi, Ploceus, 45

fischeri, Notauges, 100
fischeri, Ploceus, 49
fischeri, Spreo, 100
flammiceps, Euplectes, 67
flaveolus, Passer, 14
flavicans, Foudia, 64
flaviceps, Loxia, 52
flaviceps, Ploceus, 52
flavicollis, Fringilla, 24
flavifrons, Amblyornis, 177
flavigula, Xanthodira, 26
flavipes, Malimbus, 55,
flavipes, Ploceus, 55,
flavirostris, Gymnoris, 23
flavirostris, Psilorhinus, 240
flavirostris, Urocissa, 240
flaviscapulatus, Coliuspasser, 64
flavissimus, Ploceus, 43
flaviventris, Sphecotheres, 136
flavocinctus, Oriolus, 124
flavocinctus, Mimetes, 124
flavoptera, Fringilla, 71
florenciae, Artamus, 164
florensis, Corvus, 265
floridanus, Corvus, 269
floweri, Sturnopastor, 111
floweri, Sturnus, 111
forficatus, Dicrurus, 140
forficatus, Lanius, 140
formosa, Calocitta, 228
formosa, Pica, 228
formosae, Dendrocitta, 248
formosanus, Acridotheres, 114
formosanus, Aethiopsar, 114
formosus, Dicrurus, 155
formosus, Dissemurus, 155
formosus, Oriolus, 129
forsteni, Aplonis, 81
forsteni, Mimeta, 123

INDEX

forsteni, Oriolus, 123
forsythi, Pyrrhocorax,- 260
fortunae, Aplonis, 78
Foudia, 62

franciscana, Loxia, 67
franciscanus, Euplectes, 67
frater, Amydrus, 89

frater, Onychognathus, 89
frater, Ploceus, 56
Fregilupus, 103

fricki, Othyphantes, 35
friederichseni, EKuplectes, 66
friedmanni, Cinnyricinclus, 99
frobenii, Ploceus, 46
frontalis, Cyanocitta, 208
frontalis, Cyanura, 208
frontalis, Dendrocitta, 249
frontalis, Loxia, 30
frontalis, Oriolus, 129
frontalis, Sporopipes, 30
frugilegus, Corvus, 267
fugaensis, Oriolus, 129
fugax, Dicrurus, 139
fulgens, Passer, 13
fulgidus, Onychognathus, 90
fuligescens, Sporopipes, 30
fuliginosa, Coronica, 171
fuliginosa, Pica, 227
fuliginosa, Strepera, 171
fiilleborni, Ploceus, 37
Fullerellus, 5

fulvipennis, Lamprotornis, 75
fumidus, Acridotheres, 113
fumifrons, Perisoreus, 236
furensis, Ploceus, 43

fusca, Aplonis, 79

fusca, Strepera, 172
fuscicapillus, Corvus, 266
fuscior, Parotia, 196
fuscipennis, Buchanga, 140
fuscipennis, Dicrurus, 140
fusco-castanea, Hyphantornis, 50
fusco-flava, Emberiza, 63
fuscogularis, Poliopsar, 111
fusco-virescens, Calornis, 85
fuscus, Acridotheres, 113
fuscus, Artamus, 161
fuscus, Garrulus, 236
fusecus, Pastor, 113

gabriellae, Cissa, 243
gaddi, Montifringilla, 27
galbula, Oriolus, 122
galbula, Ploceus, 43
galeata, Xanthoura, 225

galeatus, Basilornis, 116
galeatus, Cyanocorax, 225
Galeopsar, 87
galericulatus, Corvus, 205
galericulatus, Garrulus, 205
galericulatus, Platylophus, 205
galliae, Pica, 251
Garrulus, 228
Gazzola, 261
geisleri, Drepanornis, 190
geislerorum, Ailuroedus, 173
geminus, Philetairus, 8
georgicus, Passer, 18
germanus, Amblyornis, 177
gierowii, Euplectes, 66
gili, Cyanopica, 244
giliau, Mino, 116
ginginianus, Acridotheres, 113
ginginianus, Turdus, 113
glandaria, Pica, 207
glandarius, Corvus, 229
glandarius, Garrulus, 229
glaszneri, Garrulus, 230
glaucescens, Xanthoura, 225
glaucovirens, Lamprocolius, 96
gobiensis, Passer, 20
golandi, Heterhyphantes, 48
golandi, Ploceus, 48
gongonensis, Passer, 17
gongonensis, Pseudostruthus, 17
goodfellowi, Cicinnurus, 203
Goodfellowia, 116
gouldii, Manucodia, 186
gouldii, Phonygammus, 186
gracilirostris, Amydrus, 89
gracilirostris, Malimbus, 57
gracilis, Aphelocoma, 214
gracilis, Artamus, 163
Gracula, 118
graculina, Strepera, 170
graculinus, Corvus, 170
Graculipica, 104
graculus, Corvus, 260
graculus, Pyrrhocorax, 260
Gracupica, 104
graecus, Garrulus, 230
graecus, Sturnus, 107
Grafisia, 87
Grallina, 159
Grallinidae, 159
grampianensis, Strepera, 170
grandis, Acridotheres, 114
grandis, Aplonis, 81
grandis, Dicrurus, 156
grandis, Edolius, 156

20*

INDEX 297

grandis, Hyphantornis, 47
grandis, Lamprocorax, 81
grandis, Ploceus, 47

granti, Malimbus, 60

granti, Mimeta, 123

granti, Paradisaea, 200
granti, Sturnus, 107

graueri, Ploceus, 47

gregalis, Ploceus, 55

griscomi, Aphelocoma, 216
grisea, Aphelocoma, 213
grisea, Fringilla, 18
griseigularis, Passer, 12
griseus, Passer, 17

griseus, Perisoreus, 237
Groteiplectes, 65
groum-grzimaili, Montifringilla, 27
guami, Aplonis, 79

guasso, Sorella, 22
guatemalae, Cyanolyca, 218
guatimalensis, Cyanocorax, 226
guatimalensis, Xanthoura, 226
guerrerensis, Aphelocoma, 215
guilielmi, Paradisaea, 201
guillemardi, Dicruropsis, 151
guillemardi, Dicrurus, 151
gularis, Calornis, 85

gulielmi, Diphyllodes, 202
gulielmitertii, Diphyllodes, 203
gurneyi, Ploceus, 60

gusti, Aplonis, 84

guttata, Chlamydera, 180
guttaticollis, Ailuroedus, 174
gutturalis, Crateropus, 99
gutturalis, Neocichla, 99
Gymnorhina, 168, 206
Gymnorhinus, 206
gymnorhynchus, Cicinnurus, 197
Gymnoris, 23

hadramauticus, Pilorhinus, 90
Hagiopsar, 87

hainana, Pica, 253

hainanus, Corvus, 274
hainanus, Eulabes, 118
halfae, Passer, 10
halibrecta, Gracula, 119
halictypus, Lamprocorax, 83
hallstromi, Pteridophora, 196
halmaherae, Semioptera, 188
halmaturina, Strepera, 172
halmaturinus, Corvus, 277
hargravei, Corvus, 268
haringtoni, Garrulus, 234
harmsi, Petronia, 25

298 INDEX

harterti, Aplonis, 79
harterti, Artamus, 162
harterti, Dicrurus, 142
harterti, Onychognathus, 90
harterti, Sturnus, 109
hartlaubi, Euplectes, 71
hartlaubi, Lamprocolius, 94
hartlaubi, Lamprotornis, 94
hartlaubi, Penthetria, 66, 72
hartlaubii, Onychognathus, 90, 94
Hartlaubius, 102

hartogi, Corvus, 276

hassi, Corvus, 273
hawaiiensis, Corvus, 278
heilprini, Cyanocorax, 222
heinrichi, Sturnus, 108
helenae, Parotia, 196

helios, Astrapia, 192
Heliospiza, 74

hellmayri, Petronia, 24
Hellmayria, 258
hemileucoptera, Pica, 252
hemileucus, Passer, 15
hemispila, Nucifraga, 258
hendersoni, Podoces, 254
henrici, Eurhinospiza, 27
henrici, Montifringilla, 27
hepaticus, Passer, 22
herberti, Sycobrotus, 56
hercules, Cracticus, 167
hesperis, Corvus, 268
Heteralocha, 158
Heterhyphantes, 33
heterochlora, Aplonis, 83
heterochlorus, Lamprocorax, 83
Heteropsar, 91
Heteroptilorhis, 202
heuglini, Ploceus, 41
heureka, Aplonis, 80
hibernicus, Garrulus, 229
hildebrandti, Notauges, 101
hildebrandti, Spreo, 101
hildebrandti, Urobrachya, 70
hilgerti, Corvus, 262
hilgerti, Garrulus, 229
himalayanus, Fregilus, 259
himalayanus, Pyrrhocorax, 259
himalayensis, Dendrocitta, 248
hirundinea, Pholia, 98
hispaniae, Passer, 19
hispaniolensis, Fringilla, 12
hispaniolensis, Passer, 12
hispanus, Corvus, 280
Histurgops, 6

hiugaensis, Garrulus, 235

holomelas, Melanopteryx, 51
holomelas, Ploceus, 51
holosericeus, Ptilonorhynchus, 178
holoxanthus, Ploceus, 40
hondoensis, Corvus, 273
hondurensis, Cyanolyca, 218
hopwoodi, Dicrurus, 143
hordeacea, Loxia, 67
hordeaceus, Euplectes, 67
hosii, Oriolus, 134
hottentottus, Corvus, 152
hottentottus, Dicrurus, 148
howei, Strepera, 171
hudsonia, Pica, 253
hudsonius, Corvus, 253
hufufae, Passer, 11

hulliana, Aplonis, 79

humei, Artamus, 162
humeralis, Euplectes, 71
humeralis, Penthetriopsis, 71
humii, Sturnus

humilis, Podoces, 255
humilis, Pseudopodoces, 255
hunsteini, Diphyllodes, 198
hunsteini, Phonygammus, 186
hunti, Paradisornis, 201
hyacinthinus, Cyanocorax, 222
Hylopsar, 91

hymenaicus, Ploceus, 51
Hyperanthus, 64
Hypermegethes, 33
Hyphantornis, 32
Hyphanturgus, 33
hypoballus, Dicrurus, 155
hypoballus, Dissemurus, 155
Hypocolius, 75

hypoleuca, Aphelocoma, 212
hypoleuca, Cissa, 243
hypoleuca, Gymnorhina, 170
hypoleucus, Artamus, 164
hypoleucus, Cracticus, 170
hypoleucus, Sphecotheres, 137
hypoxantha, Loxia, 51
hypoxanthus, Ploceus, 51
hyreanus, Garrulus, 232
hyreanus, Passer, 12

iagoensis, Passer, 15
iagoensis, Pyrgita, 16
ibadanensis, Malimbus, 58
ibericus, Coloeus, 262
ichnusae, Garrulus, 230
Icteropsis, 33

ignita, Lamprotornis, 96
ignoratus, Passer, 14

ignota, Seleucidis, 188
ijimai, Corvus, 273

ilensis, Podoces, 255
imberbis, Anomalospiza, 74
imberbis, Crithagra, 74
immanis, Aphelocoma, 211
imparatus, Corvus, 269
impudens, Calocitta, 228
incognita, Sturnia, 111
indica, Gracula, 118
indicus, Eulabes, 118
indicus, Oriolus, 128
indicus, Passer, 11

indicus, Sturnus, 109
inexpectata, Loria, 182
infaustus, Corvus, 238
infaustus, Perisoreus, 238
infortunatus, Ploceus, 53
infuscatus, Aethiopsar, 114
inkermani, Artamus, 165
inkermani, Cracticus, 168
innexa, Buchanga, 144
innexus, Dicrurus, 144
inoptatus, Corvus, 275
inornata, Aplonis, 77, 85
inornata, Calornis, 77, 85
inornatus, Amblyornis, 176
inornatus, Calornis, 85
inornatus, Ptilorhynchus, 176
insignis, Artamus, 163
insignis, Ploceus, 56
insignis, Sycobrotus, 56
insolens, Corvus, 264
insulae, Dendrocitta, 249
insularis, Aphelocoma, 212
insularis, Aplonis, 80
insularis, Buchanga, 146
insularis, Corvus, 275
insularis, Dicrurus, 146
insularis, Dissemurus, 154
insularis, Oriolus, 130
insularis, Passer, 15
intensetincta, Pyrrhocheira, 88
intensior, Passer, 14
intercedens, Ptiloris, 187
intercedens, Pyromelana, 65
interdicta, Nucifraga, 257
intermedia, Coliuspasser, 71
intermedia, Dendrocitta, 248
intermedia, Gracula, 118
intermedia, Hyphantica, 62
intermedia, Paradigalla, 189
intermedia, Paradisaea, 200
intermedia, Petronia, 25
intermedia, Strepera, 172

INDEX 299

intermedius, Bubalornis, 4
intermedius, Corvus, 274
intermedius, Cracticus, 169
intermedius, Dicrurus, 143
intermedius, Diphyllodes, 198
intermedius, Edolius, 143
intermedius, Euplectes, 71
intermedius, Ploceus, 43
intermedius, Spreo, 101
intermedius, Textor, 4
intermissus, Cracticus, 169
internigrans, Boanerges, 240
internigrans, Perisoreus, 240
interposita, Cyanopica, 245
interpositus, Corvus, 271
interpositus, Cyanocorax, 223
interscapularis, Ploceus, 50
interstinctus, Garrulus, 234
inustus, Ploceus, 45
inversus, Drepanornis, 189
invisus, Oriolus, 128
iphigenia, Garrulus, 232
iris, Coceycolius, 92
iris, Lamprotornis, 92
isabellae, Oriolus, 126
isabellina, Montifringilla, 28
isabellina, Pyrgilauda, 28
islandicus, Corvus, 279
italiae, Fringilla, 10

italiae, Passer, 10
iubilaeus, Passer, 20

jacksoni, Drepanoplectes, 74
jacksoni, Euplectes, 74
jacksoni, Ploceus, 49

jalla, Pastor, 111

jalla, Sturnus, 111
jamaicensis, Corvus, 270
jamesii, Phonygammus, 186
jamesoni, Hyphantornis, 41
jankowskii, Pica, 253
Janthothorax, 202
japonensis, Corvus, 273
japonica, Cyanopica, 245
japonica, Nucifraga, 257
japonica, Pica, 246, 253
japonicus, Garrulus, 234
japonicus, Nucifraga, 257
jardini, Cracticus, 168
javanensis, Corvus, 119
javanensis, Loxia, 51
javanensis, Ploceus, 33
javanicus, Acridotheres, 113
javanus, Dicrurus, 142
jefferyi, Cissa, 244

300

jeholica, Cyanopica, 245
jentineki, Chibia, 152
jentineki, Dicrurus, 152
jini, Cissa, 243

jitkowi, Sturnus, 107
joanae, Ailuroedus, 174
jobiensis, Ailuroedus, 174
jobiensis, Manucodia, 185
jobiensis, Paradisaea, 201
johanseni, Sturnus, 109
johni, Dicrurus, 156
johni, Dissemurus, 156
jolyaea, Cyanocitta, 217
jolyaea, Cyanolyca, 217
jombeni, Lamprocolius, 92
jordansi, Corvus, 280
jubaensis, Anaplectes, 60
jubaensis, Dicrurus, 139
jubaensis, Malimbus, 60
jubaensis, Passer, 17
jucundus, Ploceus, 49
judaeus, Corvus, 272
jyekundensis, Petronia, 26

kaibatoi, Passer, 21
kakamariae, Gymnoris, 23
kakes, Garrulus, 234
kalgoorli, Cracticus, 167
kamchatkensis, Nucifraga, 257
kamtschaticus, Corvus, 280
kansuensis, Cyanopica, 245
kansuensis, Garrulus, 232
kansuensis, Passer, 21
kapitensis, Pseudonigrita, 7
kasaica, Amblyospiza, 31
katangae, Lamprotornis, 95
katangae, Ploceus, 44
katangae, Sitagra, 44
katchalensis, Sturnia, 105
katchalensis, Sturnus, 105
katsumatae, Cissa, 244
kaukasicus, Corvus, 272
kavirondensis, Ploceus, 37
kavirondensis, Sitagra, 37
kelleni, Neocichla, 99
kelloggorum, Spreo, 101
kempi, Cracticus, 166
keniensis, Amydrus, 88
kenricki, Poeoptera, 86
keraudrenii, Barita, 186
keraudrenii, Phonygammus, 186
kersteni, Ploceus, 54
kersteni, Sycobrotus, 54
khamensis, Coloeus, 263
khozaricus, Corvus, 271

INDEX

kigomaensis, Ploceus, 54
kigomaensis, Symplectes, 54
kikuchii, Passer, 14
kikuyensis, Oriolus, 133
kilimensis, Euplectes, 69
kingi, Oriolus, 125
kinneari, Dendrocitta, 247
kirhizica, Petronia, 25
kisumui, Hyphantornis, 44
Kitta, 178, 242

kittlitzi, Calornis, 80
Kittlitzia, 75

kleinschmidti, Garrulus, 230
kleinschmidti, Passer, 18
klossi, Cissa, 243

knysnae, Xanthomelana, 69
koenigi, Garrulus, 230
kordofanensis, Corvus, 267
koreensis, Cyanopica, 245
korejewi, Passer, 8

kot, Pica, 252

kovacsi, Othyphantes, 36
krausei, Corvus, 278
kreffti, Gracula, 116

kreffti, Mino, 116

kretae, Corvus, 281
krynicki, Garrulus, 231
kubaryi, Corvus, 265
kuboriensis, Cnemophilus, 183
kuehni, Calornis, 82

ktihni, Dicrurus, 150
kundoo, Oriolus, 127
kurilensis, Garrulus, 232
kurodae, Dendrocitta, 249
kurodai, Aplonis, 79
kwangsiensis, Chaptia, 146
kwenlunensis, Montifringilla, 27

ladoensis, Euplectes, 65
laeneni, Passer, 18
laetior, Oriolus, 132
Laletris, 229

lambessae, Garrulus, 231
lamprochryseus, Oriolus, 130
Lamprocolius, 91
Lamprocorax, 75
Lamprospreo, 100
Lamprothorax, 202
Lamprotornis, 91
lanceolatus, Garrulus, 235
langi, Buphagus, 121
larvatus, Oriolus, 132
lathamii, Loxia, 62
lathamii, Quelea, 62
laticauda, Euplectes, 73

laticauda, Fringilla, 73
latipennis, Lophorina, 194
latirostris, Corvus, 276
latispatula, Bhringa, 147
laubmanni, Pica, 252
lauragravae, Cinnyricinclus, 99
laurencei, Corvus, 281
lauterbachi, Chlamydera, 181
lawesii, Parotia, 195

lazula, Cyanocitta, 210
lebomboensis, Ploceus, 55
lebomboensis, Sycobrotus, 55
lefoli, Bhringa, 148

lefoli, Dicrurus, 148

leguati, Necropsar, 103
lehunti, Lophorina, 194
lemprieri, Platylophus, 205
lendli, Garrulus, 231
leoninus, Onychognathus, 90
lepidoptera, Fringilla, 29
lepidus, Euplectes, 7
lepidus, Philetairus, 8
leptonyx, Corvus, 281
leptorhynchus, Enodes, 120
leptorrhyncha, Aplonis, 84
lessoni, Juida, 96

lessoni, Lamprotornis, 96
leucocephalus, Acridotheres, 111
leucocephalus, Sturnus, 111
leucocephalus, Textor, 4
leucogaster, Cinnyricinclus, 98
leucogaster, Turdus, 98
leucogastra, Dendrocitta, 249
leucogenis, Buchanga, 144
leucogenis, Dicrurus, 144
leucognaphalus, Corvus, 270
leuconota, Gymnorhina, 169
leuconota, Pyromelana, 69
leuconotus, Malimbus, 60
leuconotus, Ploceus, 60
leucophaeus, Corvus, 279
leucophaeus, Dicrurus, 142, 157
leucops, Dicrurus, 151
Leucopsar, 112

leucoptera, Pica, 252
leucopterus, Cracticus, 166
leucopterus, Glaucopis, 206
leucopterus, Platysmurus, 206
leucopygialis, Artamus, 162
leucopygialis, Dicrurus, 146
leucorhynchus, Artamus, 161
leucorhynchus, Lanius, 161
leucostictus, Oriolus, 133
leucothorax, Stilbopsar, 87
leucotis, Garrulus, 233

INDEX 301

levaillantii, Corvus, 274
lidthi, Garrulus, 235
lineolatus, Hyphantornis, 44
lisarum, Passer, 14

litoris, Euplectes, 69
littoralis, Hyphantornis, 44
lobata, Pseudastrapia, 240
Loboparadisea, 182
Loboptiloris, 202
Loborhamphus, 202
loitanus, Sporopipes, 30
londae, Chibia, 152
longicaudatus, Dicrurus, 142
longicristatus, Amblyornis, 176
longipennis, Calornis, 80
longipennis, Carpospiza, 23
longipennis, Crypsirina, 250
longirostris, Chibia, 150
longirostris, Cyanocorax, 226
longirostris, Dicrurus, 150
longirostris, Gymnorhina, 169
longirostris, Xanthoura, 226
Lophorina, 193

lophorinus, Dicrurus, 157
Loria, 181

loriae, Loria, 182

loudoni, Sturnus, 109
louisiadensis, Cracticus, 167
lovati, Othyphantes, 35
lowii, Sarcops, 118
luangwae, Passer, 17
liibberti, Ploceus, 43
ludwigii, Dicrurus, 138
ludwigii, Edolius, 139
lugubris, Poeoptera, 86
luptoni, Paradisea, 204
lusitanicus, Garrulus, 230
luteola, Fringilla, 37
luteolus, Ploceus, 37

luteus, Fringilla, 22

luteus, Passer, 22

luxuosus, Cyanocorax, 225
luxuosus, Garrulus, 225
Lycocorax, 184

lyrogyrus, Cicinnurus, 203

macassariensis, Oriolus, 131
macdonaldi, Chlamydera, 180
macella, Nucifraga, 257
macgregori, Xanthomelus, 183
Macgregoria, 183
macgregoriae, Amblyornis, 176
macgregorii, Cnemophilus, 183
macleayanae, Epimachus, 191
macmillani, Anomalospiza, 74

302 INDEX

macnicolli, Taeniaparadisea, 192
macrocerca, Fringilla, 71
macrocercus, Dicrurus, 141
macrocercus, Euplectes, 71
macrolopha, Cyanocitta, 209
macrorhynchos, Corvus, 273
macrorhynchos, Nucifraga, 257
macrorhynchos, Petronia, 24
macrorhynchus, Euplectes, 69
macroterus, Artamus, 161
macroura, Loxia, 71
macrourus, Euplectes, 71
macrourus, Oriolus, 128
macrura, Aplonis, 81
Macruropsar, 75

maculata, Calodera, 179
maculata, Chlamydera, 179
maculatus, Oriolus, 131
maculosus, Ailuroedus, 174
madagascariensis, Foudia, 62
madagascariensis, Loxia, 62
madagascariensis, Muscicapa, 140
madagascariensis, Turdus, 102
madaraspatanus, Criolus, 134
madaraszi, Corvus, 274
madaraszi, Oriolus, 124
madeirensis, Petronia, 24
magna, Aplonis, 82

magna, Upupa, 190
magnifica, Paradisea, 198
magnifica, Ptiloris, 203
magnificus, Cosmopsarus, 102
magnificus, Diphyllodes, 198
magnificus, Falcinellus, 187
magnificus, Ptiloris, 187
magnirostris, Oriolus, 124
magnirostris, Psilorhinus, 242
magnirostris, Strepera, 170
magnirostris, Urocissa, 242
magnus, Lamprotornis, 82
mahali, Plocepasser, 5
mahrattensis, Acridotheres, 113
mahrattensis, Pastor, 113
major, Lamprotornis, 75
major, Muscicapa, 140

major, Poeoptera, 87
makandakunae, Anomalospiza, 75
malabaricus, Sturnus, 105
malabaricus, Turdus, 105
malaccensis, Passer, 22
malaitae, Aplonis, 81
malayanus, Oriolus, 134
malayensis, Chaptia, 146
malayensis, Dicrurus, 146, 155
malayensis, Edolius, 155

maledivicus, Corvus, 264
malensis, Ploceus, 39
malimbica, Tanagra, 60
malimbicus, Malimbus, 59
Malimbus, 57

mallomicrus, Dissemurus, 156
mandanus, Lamprocolius, 92
mandshuricus, Corvus, 273
mangoli, Corvus, 265
manteufeli, Cractes, 238
mantoui, Craspedophora, 203
manuae, Aplonis, 78
Manucodia, 184
manumeten, Dicrurus, 150
manyar, Fringilla, 53
manyar, Ploceus, 52
margaretae, Passer, 19
margaritae, Cissa, 243
margaritae, Paradisaea, 202
maria, Paradisea, 204
mariae, Cnemophilus, 182
marianae, Corvus, 277
mariquensis, Ploceus, 45
maritimus, Perisoreus, 240
marleyi, Hyphantornis, 42
marleyi, Oriolinus, 42
marleyi, Ploceus, 42
marngli, Corvus, 276
marwitzi, Pyromelana, 68
massaica, Gymnoris, 23
massaicus, Lamprocolius, 94
Mathewsiella, 187
maunensis, Hyphantornis, 41
maunensis, Oriolinus, 41
mauritanica, Pica, 251
mavornata, Aplonis, 77
maxima, Amblyospiza, 32
maximus, Artamus, 163
maximus, Passer, 21
maxwelli, Aplonis, 76
maxwelli, Melanopteryx, 50
maxwelli, Ploceus, 50
maya, Cyanocorax, 225
maya, Xanthoura, 225
mayeri, Astrapia, 192
mayri, Amblyornis, 176
mayri, Phonygammus, 186
mechowi, Urobrachia, 70
media, Urobrachya, 70
meeki, Corvus, 266

meeki, Dicrurus, 150
meeki, Parotia, 195
megalornis, Dicrurus, 150
megarhynchus, Buphagus, 121
megarhynchus, Corvus, 266

INDEX

megarhynchus, Dicrurus, 153
megarhynchus, Edolius, 153
megarhynchus, Epimachus, 191
megarhynchus, Ploceus, 53
melaleuca, Leptopteryx, 162
melaleucus, Artamus, 162
Melanhyphantes, 33
melanisticus, Oriolus, 129
melanobrephos, Malimbus, 60
melanocephala, Loxia, 48
melanocephalus, Ailuroedus, 174
melanocephalus, Garrulus, 231
melanocephalus, Ploceus, 48
melanocyanea, Cissilopha, 219
melanocyaneus, Cyanocorax, 219
melanocyaneus, Garrulus, 219
melanogaster, Lamprocolius, 92
melanogaster, Phoenicopterus, 91
melanogaster, Ploceus, 39
melanolaema, Heterhyphantes, 39
melanoleuca, Gracula, 104
melanoleuca, Grallina, 159
melanoleuca, Paradisea, 188
melanoleuca, Seleucidis, 188
Melanopica, 250
Melanoploceus, 34
melanops, Artamus, 164
melanoptera, Gracula, 111
melanoptera, Strepera, 171
melanopterus, Sturnus, 111
Melanopteryx, 33
Melanopyrrhus, 115
melanorhamphos, Coracia, 160
melanorhamphos, Corcorax, 160
melanorhynchus, Plocepasser, 5
melanosternus, Acridotheres, 113
melanota, Amblyospiza, 31
melanotis, Ailuroedus, 174
melanotis, Ploceus, 60
melanotis, Ptilonorhynchus, 174
melanotos, Pica, 251
melanotus, Coryphegnatus, 31
melanotus, Sarcops, 117
melanoxanthus, Hyphanturgus, 39
melanoxanthus, Ploceus, 39
melanura, Loxia, 16
melanurus, Passer, 16
mellianus, Oriolus, 135
mellori, Corvus, 277
mellori, Cracticus, 168
melvillensis, Artamus, 162
melvillensis, Chlamydera, 180
menagei, Chibia, 153
menagei, Dicrurus, 153
meneliki, Oriolus, 132

21

mengtszensis, Corvus, 274
mentalis, Artamus, 163
mentalis, Cracticus, 166
mentalis, Ploceus, 54
mentalis, Symplectes, 54
mentawi, Oriolus, 125
meridana, Cyanocitta, 216
meridana, Cyanolyca, 216
meridionalis, Dicrurus, 144
meridionalis, Oriolus, 131
mertensi, Gracula, 120
mesopotamicus, Passer, 15
messatius, Dissemurus, 155
mestoni, Corymbicola, 177
metallica, Aplonis, 85

metallicus, Lamprotornis, 85

Metallopsar, 75

meuleni, Chibia, 152
mevesii, Juida, 97

mevesii, Lamprotornis, 97
mexicanus, Cassidix, 269
mexicanus, Corvus, 269
mexicanus, Psilorhinus, 227
meyeri, Epimachus, 191
Micrartamus, 161
microlophus, Dicrurus, 154

microlophus, Dissemurus, 154

Microplectes, 34
Microploceus, 34
microptera, Anaplectes, 61

microrhynchus, Malimbus, 58

migrator, Oriolus, 124
Mimeta, 123

mindorensis, Dicrurus, 148
mindorensis, Sarcops, 117
minhoensis, Garrulus, 233
minimus, Dicrurus, 142
Mino, 115

minor, Aplonis, 79, 81, 82
minor, Artamus, 165
minor, Cissa, 243

minor, Corax, 267

minor, Corvus, 267
minor, Dicrurus, 141
minor, Foudia, 51

minor, Garrulus, 231

303

minor, Lamprotornis, 79, 81, 82

minor, Lophorina, 194
minor, Paradisaea, 200
minor, Ploceus, 51

minor, Ptilonorhynchus, 179

minor, Sarcops, 118
minor, Scenopoeetes, 175
minor, Sturnoides, 81
minor, Sturnus, 109

304

minos, Corvus, 272
minutus, Corvus, 270
miotera, Gracula, 119
mirabilis, Cyanolyea, 219
mirabilis, Dicrurus, 148
mirabilis, Paradisea, 204
miranda, Basilornis, 116
miranda, Goodfellowia, 116
misoliensis, Ailuroedus, 175
mitrata, Cyanolyca, 218
mixta, Paradisea, 204
moabiticus, Passer, #4
modestus, Corvus, 265
modestus, Dicrurus, 140
modicus, Onychognathus, 88
molestus, Ailuroedus, 173
monacha, Oriolus, 132
monacha, Sitagra, 37
monacha, Turdus, 132
monachus, Artamus, 163
monachus, Ocypterus, 163
monachus, Ploceus, 37
monedula, Corvus, 261
moneduloides, Corvus, 264
mongolica, Petronia, 25
monjerensis, Perisoreus, 238
montana, Amblyospiza, 31
montana, Dicruropsis, 153
montana, Fringilla, 19
montanus, Amydrus, 89
montanus, Dicrurus, 153
montanus, Passer, 19
Montifringilla, 26

montosa, Aplonis, 82
montosa, Lamprocorax, 82
moreaui, Malimbus, 58
morio, Onychognathus, 88
morio, Pica, 227

morio, Psilorhinus, 226
morio, Turdus, 89
morotaiensis, Dicrurus, 149
morotensis, Dicrurus, 148
morotensis, Lycocorax, 184
mosambicus, Passer, 17
motitensis, Passer, 15
mouhoti, Buchanga, 143
mouhoti, Dicrurus, 143
mpangae, Cinnamomopteryx, 50
miilleri, Oriolus, 125
miuilleri, Mimeta, 125
multipunctata, Nucifraga, 258
mundus, Oriolus, 130
munna, Artamus, 164
miinzneri, Dicrurus, 139
muscipetoides, Chaptia, 138

INDEX

musgravil, Amblyornis, 176
musschenbroeki, Artamus, 162
mysolensis, Aplonis, 81
mysolensis, Calornis, 81
mystacalis, Cyanocorax, 224
mystacalis, Pica, 224
mystacea, Aplonis, 85
mystacea, Calornis, 85

nabouroup, Onychognathus, 88
nabouroup, Sturnus, 88
nakaokae, Garrulus, 234
namiyei, Garrulus, 234

nana, Cyanolyca, 218
nandensis, Sycobrotus, 54
nanus, Cyanocorax, 218
nasicus, Corvus, 270
Necropsar, 103

neglecta, Calornis, 84
neglecta, Grallina, 159
neglectus, Corvus, 263
neglectus, Ploceus, 41
nelicourvi, Parvus, 51
nelicourvi, Ploceus, 51
Nelicurvius, 32

nelsoni, Cissilopha, 220
nemoricola, Sturnia, 105
nemoricola, Sturnus, 105
Neocichla, 99

Neomorpha, 158
Neoparadisea, 202

Neospiza, 32

Nesacanthis, 62
Neshyphantes, 62

nesiotes, Aplonis, 78
Nesocorax, 261

nesodramus, Lamprocorax, 83
Nesospiza, 32

neumanni, Amydrus, 88
neumanni, Onychognathus, 88
neumanni, Othyphantes, 35
neumanni, Passer, 17
neumanni, Phonygammus, 186
neumanni, Ploceus, 35
neumanni, Urobrachya, 70
nevadae, Aphelocoma, 212
newtoniana, Prionodura, 177
niassensis, Euplectes, 65
nicobariensis, Dicrurus, 157
nicobariensis, Dissemurus, 157
nicolli, Ploceus, 56

nicolli, Symplectes, 56
niedda, Lophorina, 193
nigellicauda, Oriolus, 135
nigellicauda, Psaropholus, 135

niger, Bubalornis, 4

niger, Cuculus, 276

niger, Monasa, 276

nigeriae, Malimbus, 59
nigerrimus, Coloeus, 262
nigerrimus, Ploceus, 47
nigra, Astrapia, 192

nigra, Crypsirhina, 250
nigra, Muscicapa, 140
nigra, Paradisea, 192
nigrescens, Dicrurus, 143
nigricapillus, Perisoreus, 236
nigriceps, Hyphantornis, 47
nigriceps, Ploceus, 47
nigricollis, Gracula, 111
nigricollis, Malimbus, 39
nigricollis, Ploceus, 38
nigricollis, Pyrgita, 11
nigricollis, Sturnus, 111
nigrifrons, Euplectes, 68
nigrifrons, Hyphantornis, 45
nigrifrons, Malimbus, 59
nigrifrons, Ploceus, 45
nigrifrons, Pyromelana, 68
nigrifrons, Sycobius, 59
nigrimentum, Ploceus, 36
nigripectus, Symmorphus, 159
nigripennis, Barruffius, 133
nigripennis, Oriolus, 133
nigrogularis, Cracticus, 167
nigrogularis, Cyanolyca, 218
nigrogularis, Vanga, 167
nigronotata, Urobrachya, 70
nigrostriatus, Oriolus, 126
nigrotemporalis, Othyphantes, 35
nigroventris, Euplectes, 66
nikersoni, Passer, 18
niloticus, Passer, 10
Niobella, 64

nitens, Lamprotornis, 93
nitens, Malimbus, 58
nitens, Ploceus, 58

nitens, Sturnus, 109

nitens, Turdus, 93

nitida, Aplonis, 85

nitida, Calornis, 85

nivalis, Fringilla, 27

nivalis, Montifringilla, 27
nobilior, Sturnus, 108
nobilis, Loborhamphus, 203
noomeae, Heliospiza, 74
normani, Austrartamus, 165
nordmanni, Lamprocolius, 95
notatus, Oriolus, 127
Notiospiza, 34

21*

INDEX 305

Notopholia, 91

nova, Alphachlamydera, 181
nova, Chlamydera, 180
novaeguineae, Paradisaea, 199
nuchalis, Chlamydera, 180
nuchalis, Ptilonorhynchus, 180
nuchalis, Sycobius, 59
Nucifraga, 256

nuttalli, Corvus, 254

nuttalli, Picea, 254

nyansae, Textor, 4

nyasae, Amydrus, 88

nyasae, Anomalospiza, 74
nyasae, Hyphantornis, 37
nyikae, Ploceus, 35

oatesi, Garrulus, 234
oaxacae, Aphelocoma, 215
obiensis, Lycocorax, 184
obscura, Aphelocoma, 212
obscura, Calornis, 81
obscura, Lamprotornis, 81
obseuratus, Passer, 20
obsecurus, Perisoreus, 237
occidentalis, Dendrocitta, 248
occidentalis, Gymnoris, 24
occidentalis, Passer, 18
occipitalis, Chlamydodera, 179
occipitalis, Dendrocitta, 247
occipitalis, Glaucopis, 247
occipitalis, Psilorhinus, 242
occipitalis, Urocissa, 242
ochroxanthus, Oriolus, 128
ocularis, Ploceus, 38
ocularius, Ploceus, 33

okai, Garrulus, 232
okuensis, Phormoplectes, 56
olindus, Cracticus, 167
olivaceiceps, Ploceus, 56
olivaceiceps, Symplectes, 56
olivaceus, Icterus, 40
olivaceus, Ploceus, 40
olizurus, Dissemurus, 154
omissa, Foudia, 63
omoensis, Pachyphantes, 52
onaga, Pica, 246
Onychognathus, 87
oocleptica, Aphelocoma, 211
oorti, Ailuroedus, 173
opaca, Aplonis, 79

opaca, Lamprothornis, 80
ophellochlora, Gracula, 120
opicus, Perisoreus, 239
oppenheimi, Sturnus, 108
oraria, Petronia, 26

306 INDEX

orientalis, Corvus, 271 pallescens, Corone, 272
orientalis, Chlamydera, 180 pallescens, Cyanopica, 245
orientalis, Gracula, 115 palliatus, Psilorhinus, 226
orientalis, Lamprocolius, 94 pallida, Campbellornis, 164
orientalis, Manucodia, 185 pallida, Coliuspasser, 71
orientalis, Mino, 115 pallida, Crypsirina, 246
orientalis, Passer, 21 pallida, Dendrocitta, 246
orii, Aplornis, 79 pallida, Gymnoris, 23
orii, Garrulus, 235 pallida, Petronia, 23
Oriolidae, 122 pallida, Quelea, 61
Oriolinops, 34 pallidiceps, Ploceus, 40
Oriolinus, 33 pallidifrons, Garrulus, 232
Oriolus, 122 pallidior, Sporopipes, 30
oriolus, Coracias, 126 pallidissimus, Passer, 21
oriolus, Oriolus, 126 pallidus, Cyanocorax, 222
orix, Emberiza, 68 pallidus, Passer, 20
orix, Euplectes, 67 palmarum, Corvus, 270
orix, Loxia, 64 panayensis, Aplonis, 83
ornata, Pica, 218, 240 panayensis, Muscicapa, 84
ornata, Urocissa, 240 panderi, Podoces, 255
ornatus, Lamprotornis, 96 papuana, Gymnorhina, 168
ornatus, Ploceus, 56 papuensis, Archboldia, 175
ornatus, Sturnus, 96 papuensis, Artamus, 162
Orphanopsar, 103 papuensis, Chaetorhynchus, 137
orphnocephalus, Ploceus, 48 papuensis, Ocypterus, 162
orru, Corvus, 275 Paradigalla, 189
osai, Corvus, 273 Paradisaea, 199
oscillans, Oriolus, 130 Paradisaeidae, 181
ossifragus, Corvus, 269 Paradisaeinae, 183
ostjakorum, Perisoreus, 238 paradiseus, Cuculus, 155
Othyphantes, 33 paradiseus, Dicrurus, 154
otiosus, Dicrurus, 157 paradiseus, Ptiloris, 187
otiosus, Dissemurus, 157 Paradisornis, 199
oweni, Chlamydera, 180 paralia, Cyanocitta, 208
owstoni, Nucifraga, 257 Paraplectes, 65

parkini, Passer, 12
pachistorhina, Aplonis 84 paroptus, Ploceus, 47
pachistorhinus, Lamprocorax 84 Parotia, 194
pachistus, Dissemurus, 155 parryi, Oriolus, 124
Pachyphantes, 33 parvirostris, Artamus, 162
pachyrhamphus, Aplonis, 77 parvula, Dendrocitta, 246
pachyrhynchus, Ploceus, 52 Paryphephorus, 202
pacificus, Corvus, 236 pascuus, Corvus, 269
pacificus, Lanius, 79 Passer, 8
pacificus, Perisoreus, 236 Passerinae, 5
pagei, Scissirostrum, 120 pastinator, Corvus, 267
pagodarum, Sturnus, 106 Pastor, 104
pagodarum, Turdus, 106 paulus, Corvus, 268
Painterius, 100 pectoralis, Dicrurus, 151
palawanensis, Buchanga, 145 pectoralis, Philagrus, 5
palawanensis, Dicrurus, 153 pectoralis, Plocepasser, 5
palawanensis, Gracula, 120 peguensis, Ploceus, 52
palawanensis, Mainatus, 120 pekingensis, Garrulus, 233
palawanensis, Oriolus, 129 pelewensis, Artamus 161

palawanus, Oriolus, 125 pelingense, Scissirostrum 121

INDEX 307

pelzelni, Aplonis, 76 pica, Corvus, 251

pelzelni, Ploceus, 37 pica, Pica, 251

pelzelni, Sitagra, 37 picata, Gracula, 159
peninsularis, Dicrurus, 141 Picathartes, 75
peninsularis, Gracula, 118 picatus, Cracticus, 167
penrissenensis, Buchanga, 145 pileatus, Corvus, 220
pensilis, Loxia, 32 Pilorhinus, 87
Penthetriopsis, 64 Pityriasis, 75

peracensis, Bhringa, 147 Planagura, 100

peracensis, Dicrurus, 147 platurus, Dicrurus, 154
percivali, Oriolus, 132 Platylophus, 205
percontatrix, Cyanocitta, 209 Platysmurus, 205
periophthalmica, Buchanga, 145 Plesiositagra, 34
periophthalmicus, Dicrurus, 145 pleskei, Podoces, 255
Perisoreus, 235 Plocéella, 33

Perissornis, 103 Ploceidae, 3

permistus, Oriolus, 132 Ploceinae, 30

perplexus, Corvus, 277 Ploceolus, 33

persaturatus, Garrulus, 234 Plocepasser, 5

persepolis, Sturnus, 108 Ploceus, 32

persicus, Passer, 10 plumbea, Strepera, 171
persimilis, Aplonis, 82 po, Ploceus, 38
personatus, Artamus, 163 Podoces, 254

personatus, Ocypterus, 163 poensis, Sycobrotus, 54
perspicillatus, Artamus, 164 Poeoptera, 86
perspicillatus, Ocypterus, 164 poliogenys, Oriolus, 125
persuasus, Oriolus, 125 Poliopsar, 104

perthi, Angroyan, 165 poltaratskyi, Sturnus, 108
perthi, Artamus, 165 Polytelopsar, 91
peruvianus, Corvus, 221 Pomareopsis, 159

pestis, Lamprocolius, 95 pompata, Calocitta, 228
Petronia, 22 ponapensis, Aplonis, 79
petronia, Fringilla, 24 podoensis, Ploceus, 55
petronia, Petronia, 24 Poneropsar, 100

phaedra, Buchanga, 145 pontifex, Pyrrhocorax, 259
phaedrus, Dicrurus, 145 pontocaspicus, Coloeus, 262
phaeochromus, Oriolus, 123 porphyronotus, Sturnus, 109
Philesturnus, 158 porphyropterus, Lamprotornis, 97
Philetairus, 7 potanini, Montifringilla, 28
philippensis, Motacilla, 106 potanini, Pyrgilauda, 28
philippensis, Sturnus, 106 potior, Dicrurus, 141
philippina, Loxia, 53 potior, Edolius, 141
philippinus, Cornix, 275 potosina, Aphelocoma, 214
philippinus, Corvus, 275 praedi, Malimbus, 59
philippinus, Ploceus, 53 prasiocara, Gracula, 119
Phlogoplectes, 65 preussi, Onychognathus, 87
phoeniceus, Coliuspasser, 70 preussi, Ploceus, 55
phoeniceus, Euplectes, 70 preussi, Symplectes, 55
phoenicomerus, Euplectes, 68 princeps, Ploceus, 42
phoenicopterus, Lamprotornis, 93 princeps, Symplectes, 42
phoeus, Artamus, 164 principalis, Corvus, 279
Pholia, 98 Prionodura, 177
Phonygammus, 185 probléema, Corvus, 276
Phormoplectes, 33 progne, Emberiza, 74

Pica, 250 progne, Euplectes, 73

308 INDEX

propinqua, Chibia, 149 pyrrhopterus, Corvus, 184
propinquatus, Plocepasser, 5 pyrrhopterus, Lycocorax, 184
prosvirowi, Montifringilla, 27
protegatus, Corvus, 263 quanzae, Euplectes, 70
psammochroa, Carpospiza, 23 quanzae, Urobrachya, 70
psammocromia, Penthetria, 72 queenslandica, Ptiloris, 187
psammocromius, Euplectes, 72 queenslandicus, Corvus, 276
Pseudartamus, 161 Quelea, 61
Pseudastrapia, 202 quelea, Emberiza, 61
Pseudochlamydera, 179 quelea, Quelea, 61
Pseudonigrita, 7 quelpartis, Corvus, 273
pseudoparotia, Lophorina, 194 Quesiparens, 202
Pseudopodoces, 255 quilimanensis, Ploceus, 55
Psilorhinus, 226 quindiuna, Cyanocitta, 216
Pteridophora, 196 quindiuna, Cyanolyca, 216
ptilogenys, Gracula, 118 quoyi, Barita, 168
Ptilonorhynchidae, 172 quoyi, Cracticus, 168
Ptilonorhynchus, 178
ptilorhis, Loborhamphus, 203 racheliae, Malimbus, 58
Ptiloris, 187 racheliae, Sycobius, 58
Ptilostomus, 260 raggiana, Paradisea, 200
pulcher, Spreo, 101 rangoonensis, Dicrurus, 156
pulcher, Turdus, 101 rangoonensis, Edolius, 156
pulchra, Cyanocitta, 217 rathbuni, Perisoreus, 237
pulchra, Cyanolyca, 217 raymondi, Onychognathus, 90
pulchra, Macgregoria, 183 rebaptizatus, Dicrurus, 145
pulchra, Paradisaea, 201 recondita, Astrapia, 192
pulchroniger, Corvus, 271 regia, Paradisaea, 197
pumilero, Cyanocorax, 218 regius, Cicinnurus, 197
pumilero, Cyanolyca, 218 regius, Cosmopsarus, 102
purpurascens, Calornis, 85 reichardi, Ploceus, 44
purpurascens, Sturnus, 108 reichenowi, Amydrus, 90
purpurea, Cyanocitta, 209 reichenowi, Gymnoris, 23
purpureiceps, Aplonis, 85 reichenowi, Hyphantornis, 36
purpureiceps, Calornis, 85 reichenowi, Oriolus, 133
purpureiceps, Lamprocolius, 92 reichenowi, Ploceus, 35
purpureiceps, Lamprotornis, 92 reichenowi, Sycobrotus, 35
purpureoviolacea, Phonygama, 186 reichenowii, Hyphantornis, 36
purpureoviolaceus, Phonygammus, reicherti, Ploceus, 40

186 religiosa, Gracula, 118
purpureus, Lamprotornis, 92, 97 remifer, Dicrurus, 147
purpureus, Turdus, 92 remifer, Edolius, 147
purpuropterus, Lamprotornis, 97 remota, Aphelocoma, 213
pusilla, Pyromelana, 67 rendalli, Crithagra, 74
pusillus, Corvus, 265 renschi, Dicrurus, 151
pusillus, Euplectes, 67 respublica, Diphyllodes, 199
puteicola, Petronia, 25 respublica, Lophorina, 199
pyrgita, Petronia, 23 rex, Cicinnurus, 197
pyrgita, Xanthodina, 23 rex, Paradisaea, 197
Pyromelana, 64 rex, Ploceus, 41
Pyrrhocheira, 87 rhadinorhamphus, Lamprocorax, 83
Pyrrhocorax, 258 Rhinoploceus, 34
pyrrhocorax, Pyrrhocorax, 258 Rhinopsar, 75
pyrrhocorax, Upupa, 258 Rhipidornis, 202

pyrrhonotus, Passer, 13 rhipidurus, Corvus, 281

rhodesiae, Quelea, 61
rhodius, Garrulus, 231
richmondi, Lamprocorax, 83
richmondi, Oriolus, 130
ridgwayi, Cyanocitta, 210
rikuzenica, Passer, 21
rileyi, Broderipus, 131
riordani, Neostrepera, 170
rivularis, Cissilopha, 220
robertsoni, Mino, 115
robini, Urocissa, 241
robinsoni, Cissa, 243
robinsoni, Oriolus, 135
robinsoni, Strepera, 170
robusta, Gracula, 119
rocki, Dicrurus, 143
rodericanus, Necropsar, 103
Rogersornis, 179

rogosowi, Perisoreus, 239
rolleti, Oriolus, 133
rosa-alba, Strepera, 167
roseus, Sturnus, 106
roseus, Turdus, 106
rostratus, Gymnorhinus, 206
rothschildi, Astrapia, 193
rothschildi, Diphyllodes, 198
rothschildi, Leucopsar, 112
rothschildi, Nucifraga, 257
rothschildi, Pyromelana, 67
rothschildi, Sericulus, 178
rotumae, Aplonis, 77
rubiensis, Manucodia, 185
rubiginosus, Ploceus, 49
rubra, Emberiza, 63

rubra, Foudia, 63

rubra, Paradisaea, 201
rubriceps, Hyphantornis, 60
rubriceps, Malimbus, 60
rubriceps, Ploceus, 60
rubriceps, Sycobius, 60
rubricollis, Malimbus 59
rubricollis, Ploceus, 60
rubrosus, Garrulus, 233
rudolphi, Paradisaea, 201
rudolphi, Paradisornis, 201
rufescens, Cracticus, 168
rufescens, Garrulus, 233
ruficauda, Histurgops, 6
ruficollis, Corvus, 278
ruficollis, Montifringilla, 28
rufidorsalis, Passer, 11
rufigena, Anaplectes 60
rufigula, Pyromelana, 67
rufipennis, Aplonis, 76
rufitergum, Garrulus, 229

INDEX

rufiventris, Lamprotornis, 101
rufiventris, Spreo, 101
rufocinctus, Passer, 15
rufoniger, Ploceus, 50
rufoscapulatus, Plocepasser, 6
rufovelatus, Euplectes, 59
rufovelatus, Malimbus, 59
rufus, Corvus, 246

rufus, Lanius, 246
rufusater, Creadion, 158
rufusater, Icterus, 158
rippellii, Amydrus, 89
ruppellii, Onychognathus, 89
ruspolii, Dinemellia, 4

russi, Ploceus, 61

ruthenus, Perisoreus, 238
ruthenus, Sturnus, 107
rutilans, Fringilla, 14
rutilans, Passer, 13
rutledgii, Ploceus, 54

ruysi, Neoparadisea, 203

saani, Oriolus, 130

sabinjo, Euplectes, 69
saghalense, Corvus, 271
sagittata, Coracias, 124
sagittatus, Oriolus, 124
saharae, Passer, 19

Saka, 34

sakalava, Ploceus, 51
sakeratensis, Dendrocitta, 247
sakhalinensis, Perisoreus, 239
salangensis, Dicrurus, 144
salimalii, Ploceus, 53
salvadorii, Corvus, 275
salvadorii, Galeopsar, 91
salvadorii, Onychognathus, 91
salvadorii, Paradisaea, 199
salvadorii, Sphecotheres, 136
samarensis, Corvus, 265
samarensis, Dicrurus, 148
samarensis, Oriolus, 126
samarensis, Sarcops, 118
samios, Garrulus, 231
sanblasiana, Cissilopha, 220
san-blasiana, Pica, 220
sanblasianus, Garrulus, 219
sanfordi, Archboldia, 176
sanfordi, Mino, 116
sanghirensis, Aplonis, 84
sanghirensis, Calornis, 84
sangirensis, Oriolus, 129
sanguineus, Cnemophilus, 183
santovestris, Aplonis, 76
sapiens, Crypsirina, 249

309

310

sapiens, Dendrocitta, 249
sapphire, Lamprocorax, 85
Sarcops, 117

sardarpateli, Ploceus, 53
sardinius, Corvus, 272
sardus, Corvus, 280
sarkari, Dendrocitta, 248
Saroglossa, 102

sassii, Euplectes, 72

sassii, Nucifraga, 257
satunini, Sturnus, 108
saturata, Amblyospiza, 31
saturatior, Dendrocitta, 247
saturatus, Passer, 21
saxicola, Pseudopodoces, 255
scapulatus, Corvus 277
Scenopoeetes, 175
Scenopoeus, 175

schaeferi, Passer, 13
schaferi, Urocissa, 241
schiebeli, Passer, 10
schillingsi, Ploceus, 42
schistacea, Dendrocitta, 248
schlegeli, Platysmurus, 206
Schlegelia, 198

schliiteri, Corvus, 261
schraderi, Lamprocolius, 95
schubotzi, Ploceus, 39
scioanus, Textor, 4
Scissirostrum, 120

sclateri, Dendrocitta, 247
selateri, Ploceus, 55
selateri, Sycobrotus, 55
scotinus, Buphagus, 121
scutatus, Malimbus, 58
scutatus, Sycobius, 58
scutopartitus, Malimbus, 58
sechellarum, Foudia, 64
sedani, Chlamydera, 179
sefilata, Paradisea, 194
sefilata, Parotia, 194
seleucides, Diphyllodes, 198
Seleucidis, 188

semiatra, Pomareopsis, 159
Semioptera, 188
semiretschiensis, Passer, 9
semplei, Cyanocitta, 207
senegalensis, Ptilostomus, 260
senegalensis, Textor, 4
senex, Corvus, 266

senex, Heterornis, 104
senex, Sturnus, 104
sericea, Pica, 253

sericea, Loboparadisea, 182
sericeus, Sturnus, 106

INDEX

Sericulus, 177

sewerzowii, Garrulus, 232
shansiensis, Passer, 21
sharpei, Dicrurus, 138
Sharpia, 33

sharpii, Cinnyricinclus, 98
sharpii, Corvus, 272
sharpii, Othyphantes, 35
sharpii, Pholidauges, 98
sharpil, Ploceus, 35
sharpii, Urocissa, 241
shelleyi, Amydrus, 89
shelleyi, Hyphantornis, 45
shelleyi, Passer, 15
shelleyi, Spreo, 89, 101
shimoizumii, Garrulus, 235
siakensis, Dissemurus, 155
siamensis, Dicrurus, 142
sibericus, Corvus, 239
sibericus, Perisoreus, 239
siberu, Dicrurus, 145
siberu, Oriolus, 130
sibiricus, Corvus, 280
sibiricus, Oriolus, 126
sieberii, Pica, 215
sierramadrensis, Corvus, 265
similis, Cicinnurus, 197
similis, Sarcops, 117
simplex, Fringilla, 19
simplex, Passer, 18
sinaloae, Corvus, 269
sinensis, Coracias, 242
sinensis, Corvus, 248
sinensis, Cuculus, 240
sinensis, Eulabes, 119
sinensis, Garrulus, 233
sinensis, Oriolus, 112
sinensis, Sturnus, 112
sinica, Dendrocitta, 248
sinuatus, Corvus, 279
sipora, Oriolus, 130
sirensis, Dicruropsis, 151
Sitagra, 33

Sitagroides, 34

sititoi, Passer, 21

smithii, Ptilonorhynchus, 172
socia, Loxia, 7

socius, Philetairus, 8
soemmerringii, Corvus, 261
sokolnikowi, Cractes, 238
solombensis, Dicruropsis, 152
sophiae, Coloeus, 262
sophiae, Sturnus, 107
sordidus, Garrulus, 215
sordidus, Sturnus, 110

INDEX 311

sordidus, Turdus, 165
Sorella, 8

soror, Passer, 11

soror, Penthetria, 71
sororia, Paradisea, 200
sorsogonensis, Oriolus, 129
spaldingi, Cracticus, 168
speciosa, Xanthoura, 224
speciosus, Cyanocorax, 224
speciousus, Falcinellus, 190
speculiferus, Spreo, 99
Speculipastor, 99

spekei, Hyphantornis, 45
spekei, Ploceus, 45
spekeoides, Ploceus, 46
spermologus, Corvus, 262
Sphecotheres, 136

sphinx, Lophorina, 194
spilonotus, Ploceus, 47
spiloptera, Saroglossa, 102
spilopterus, Lamprotornis, 102
spinturnix, Cicinnurus, 197
splendens, Corvus, 263
splendens, Turdus, 109
splendidissima, Astrapia, 192
splendidus, Lamprotornis, 96
splendidus, Turdus, 96
Spodiopsar, 104

spoliator, Quelea, 62
Sporopipes, 29

Spreo, 100

squamifrons, Estrelda, 30
squamifrons, Sporopipes, 30
stalkeri, Sphecotheres, 136
steerii, Oriolus, 126
stegmanni, Cyanopica, 245
stegmanni, Passer, 19
stellatus, Dicrurus, 149
stelleri, Corvus, 208
stelleri, Cyanocitta, 208
Stellerocitta, 207

stentor, Plocepasser, 5
stephaniae, Astrapia, 192
stephaniae, Astrarchia, 193
stephanophorus, Heterhyphantes, 39
stephanophorus, Ploceus, 39
stevensi, Dicrurus, 143
stictifrons, Ploceus, 55
stictifrons, Symplectes, 55
stigmatops, Buchanga, 144
stigmatops, Dicrurus, 144
Stilbopsar, 86

stoliczkae, Passer, 9

stonii, Ailuroedus, 173
Strepera, 170

strepera, Coracias, 170
Streptocitta, 117
stresemanni, Epimachus, 191
stresemanni, Oriolus, 129
stresemanni, Pyrrhocorax, 260
stresemanni, Zavattariornis, 254
striata, Aplonis, 78

striata, Coracias, 78
striatus, Dicrurus, 148
striatus, Euplectes, 52
striatus, Falcinellus, 190
striatus, Oriolus, 123
strictus, Euplectes, 65
strigata, Aplonis, 83
strigatus, Turdus, 83
Struthidea, 160

st. thomae, Ploceus, 57

st. thomae, Sycobius, 57
stuhlmanni, Ploceus, 35
stuhImanni, Poeoptera, 86
stuhlmanni, Stilbopsar, 86
stuhlmanni, Symplectes, 35
Sturnia, 104

Sturnidae, 75

sturnina, Gracula, 106
sturninus, Agropsar, 104
sturninus, Sturnus, 106
Sturnopastor, 104
Sturnornis, 104

Sturnus, 104

stygiceps, Passer, 18
suahelica, Penthetria, 73
suahelicus, Euplectes, 73
suahelicus, Passer, 17
suahelicus, Ploceus, 38
suavis, Cyanocitta, 210
subaffinis, Oriolus, 124
subalaris, Amblyornis, 177
subalter, Manucodia, 184
subaureus, Ploceus, 40
subcorax, Corvus, 281
subdocilis, Pyrrhocorax, 259
subguttata, Chlamydera, 180
subintermedia, Paradisea, 200
subniger, Corcorax, 160
subpersonata, Hyphantornis, 37
subpersonatus, Ploceus, 37
substriatus, Oriolus, 123
subunicolor, Sturnus, 110
suggrandis, Aplonis, 84
sukensis, Hyphantornis, 41
sulaensis, Aplonis, 82
sulaensis, Artamus, 163
sulaensis, Calornis, 82
suluensis, Dicrurus, 152

312 INDEX

suluensis, Oriolus, 129 tauricus, Passer, 10
sumatrana, Bhringa, 147 tauricus, Sturnus, 108
sumatranus, Dicrurus, 151 tectirostris, Bhringa, 147
sumatrensis, Dendrocitta, 247 tectirostris, Dicrurus, 147
sumbae, Dicrurus, 150 teitensis, Penthetria, 73
sumichrasti, Aphelocoma, 213 Temenuchus, 104
sumichrasti, Cyanocitta, 213 temia, Corvus, 250
sundevalli, Euplectes, 68 temia, Crypsirina, 250
superba, Lophorina, 193 temnura, Glaucopis, 250
superba, Paradisea, 193 Temnurus, 250
superbus, Lamprotornis, 101 temnurus, Temnurus, 250
superbus, Spreo, 101 temporalis, Hyphantornis, 40
superciliaris, Gymnorhis, 26 temporalis, Ploceus, 40
superciliaris, Petronia, 26 tenebrosus, Aplonis, 78
superciliaris, Sturnopastor, 110 tenuirostris, Corvus, 264
superciliaris, Sturnus, 110 tenuirostris, Lamprotornis, 90
superciliosa, Aphelocoma, 211 tenuirostris, Onychognathus, 90
superciliosus, Artamus, 164 tenuirostris, Oriolus, 128
superciliosus, Hyphantornis, 52 tenuis, Artamus, 163
superciliosus, Ocypterus, 164 teotepecensis, Cynanocitta, 210
superciliosus, Plocepasser, 6 tephronotus, Ploceus, 54
superciliosus, Ploceus, 6, 52 tephronotus, Symplectes, 54
suschkini, Perisoreus, 239 terekius, Passer, 13
swainsoni, Struthidea, 160 terraereginae, Cracticus, 169
swainsonii, Passer, 17 terraereginae, Gymnorhina, 169
swainsonii, Pyrgita, 17 territori, Cracticus, 167
swinhoei, Cyanopica, 245 tertale, Passer, 17
swinhoii, Oriolus, 128 tertia, Gracupica, 112
sycobius, Lamprocolius, 95 tertius, Sturnus, 112
sycobius, Lamprotornis, 95 texana, Aphelocoma, 213
Sycobrotus, 33 Textor, 32
sylvatica, Pyromelana, 67 thai, Dicrurus, 142
sylvestris, Maina, 106 thaiacous, Oriolus, 133
sylvestris, Sturnus, 106 thalassina, Cissa, 243
sylvestris, Temenuchus, 106 thalassina, Kitta, 244
Symplectes, 32 theresae, Garrulus, 231
syriacus, Corvus, 272 theresae, Montifringilla, 29
szalayi, Mimeta, 123 theresae, Onychognathus, 90
szalayi, Oriolus, 123 thomsoni, Manucodia, 186
thierryi, Passer, 18
tabuensis, Aplonis, 77 Thomasophantes, 34
tabuensis, Lanius, 78 tianshanica, Montifringilla, 27
Tachyplectes, 65 tibatiensis, Anomalospiza, 74
taezanowskii, Garrulus, 232 tibetana, Petronia, 25
taczanowskii, Montifringilla, 28 tibetanus, Corvus, 281
Taeniaparadisea, 191 tibetanus, Passer, 21
taeniopterus, Ploceus, 43 tibetosinensis, Corvus, 247
Taha, 64 tibicen, Coracias, 168
taha, Euplectes, 66 tibicen, Gymnorhina, 168
tahatali, Ploceus, 45 tikzenensis, Corvus, 273
taivanensis, Passer, 21 tilemsiensis, Auripasser, 22
taivanus, Garrulus, 233 timidus, Passer, 9
tanakae, Oriolus, 134 timorensis, Cornix, 275
tandae, Amblyospiza, 31 tingitanus, Auripasser, 10

tasmanicus, Corvus, 277 tingitanus, Corvus, 280

tingitanus, Passer, 10
tischleri, Corvus, 261
tkachenkoi, Perisoreus, 239
todayensis, Aplonis, 82
todayensis, Lamprocorax, 82
tokugawae, Garrulus, 235
tokunagai, Passer, 21
tongensis, Hyphantornis, 40
tongensis, Oriolinus, 40
tongensis, Ploceus, 40
tormenti, Cracticus, 167
torquata, Garrula, 117
torquata, Grafisia, 87
torquata, Streptocitta, 117
torquatus, Acridotheres, 113
torquatus, Corvus, 277
torquatus, Cracticus, 166
torquatus, Lanius, 167
torquatus, Spreo, 87
traillii, Oriolus, 135

traillii, Pastor, 135
transcaspicus, Passer, 12
transcaspius, Podoces, 255
transcaucasicus, Passer, 20
transfuga, Gymmnoris, 23
transfuga, Petronia, 23
transvaalensis, Euplectes, 69
travancoreensis, Ploceus, 53
traversii, Euplectes, 70
traversii, Urobrachia, 70
trothae, Ploceus, 34
tregellasi, Artamus, 164
Trichoparadisea, 199
tricolor, Hyphantornis, 50
tricolor, Pastor, 112
tricolor, Ploceus, 50
tricolor, Sturnus, 112
tristis, Acridotheres, 112
tristis, Corvus, 266

tristis, Cyanopica, 244
tristis, Paradisea, 112
tristramii, Amydrus, 89
tristramii, Onychognathus, 89
trobriandi, Manucodia, 185
tropica, Coliuspasser, 73
tropicus, Corvus, 155, 278
tropicus, Dicrurus, 155
trothae, Cinnamopterix, 34
trothae, Ploceus, 50
tschuiensis, Corvus, 280
tschusii, Corvus, 267

tsipi, Dicrurus, 141

tuckeri, Dendrocitta, 247
tucopiae, Aplonis, 77
tucumanus, Cyanocorax, 224

INDEX 313

‘tunneyi, Cracticus, 168

turcosa, Cyanocitta, 217
turcosa, Cyanolyca, 217
turgidus, Euplectes, 68
turkanae, Passer, 17
turkestanica, Oriolus, 127
turrium, Monedula, 262
tuta, Ploceus, 37
tutuilae, Aplonis, 78
typica, Gazzola, 265
typicus, Corvus, 265
tytleri, Aplonis, 83
tytleri, Calornis, 83

ugandae, Passer, 18
ugandensis, Dicrurus, 140
uhehensis, Ploceus, 35
ultimus, Trypanocorax, 267
ultracollaris, Corvus, 261
ultramarina, Aphelocoma, 214
ultramarinus, Corvus, 214
ultramontanus, Dicrurus, 149
uluensis, Hyphantornis, 44
uluensis, Ploceus, 44
umbrinus, Corvus, 278
uncus, Ploceus, 57
unicolor, Amblyospiza, 31
unicolor, Aphelocoma, 215
unicolor, Corvus, 264
unicolor, Cosmopsarus, 102
unicolor, Cyanocorax, 215
unicolor, Gazzola, 264
unicolor, Pyrenestes, 31
unicolor, Sturnus, 110
uniformis, Chlamydera, 181
upembae, Ploceus, 44
upembae, Textor, 44
Uranornis, 199

urgensis, Petronia, 25
Urobrachya, 64

Urocissa, 240

Uroleuca, 221

ussurianus, Corvus, 280
ussuriensis, Garrulus, 232
usumburae, Ploceus, 48

vacillans, Heterhyphantes, 39
vagabunda, Coracias, 246
vagabunda, Dendrocitta, 246
valachus, Corvus, 272
validissimus, Corvus, 266
validus, Corvus, 266

varia, Upupa, 104

varians, Corvus, 249

314

varians, Crypsirina, 250
varius, Corvus, 279

varius, Fregilupus, 104
varnak, Perisoreus, 239
vaughani, Lamprocolius, 92
vaughani, Lamprotornis, 92
vegetus, Macrocorax, 266
velatus, Ploceus, 44
venerata, Gracula, 120
ventorum, Montifringilla, 29
ventorum, Pyrgilauda, 29
venustus, Artamus, 164
vernayi, Dendrocitta, 246
verreauxi, Cinnyricinclus, 99
verreauxi, Pholidauges, 99
versicolor, Corvus, 171
versicolor, Strepera, 171
vicinus, Dicrurus, 151
vicinus, Passer, 16
victoriae, Ptiloris, 187
Viduinae, 3

vieilloti, Sphecotheres, 136
vieilloti, Strepera, 171
violacea, Sturnia, 106
violaceus, Corvus, 265
violaceus, Cyanocorax, 221
violaceus, Mino, 115
violaceus, Ptilonorhynchus, 179
violaceus, Pyrrhocorax, 179
viridescens, Calornis, 85
viridicyana, Cyanolyca, 216
viridi-cyanus, Garrulus, 217
viridifusca, Mimeta, 124
viridifuscus, Oriolus, 123
viridinitens, Dicruropsis, 152
viridinitens, Dicrurus, 152
viridior, Dicrurus, 140
viridipectus, Lamprotornis, 97
viridis, Coracina, 173
viridis, Gracula, 123
viridis, Sphecotera, 137
viridis, Sphecotheres, 137
Visendavis, 202

vitellina, Fringilla, 44
vitellinus, Ploceus, 44
vitiensis, Aplonis, 77
vivida, Xanthoura, 224
vividus, Cyanocorax, 224
vociferus, Corvus, 227
vociferus, Psilorhinus, 227
volgensis, Passer, 19
vulgaris, Sturnus, 107
vulneratus, Oriolus, 135

INDEX

wahgiensis, Artamus, 163
wahnesi, Parotia, 196 -
waldenii, Dicrurus, 141
wallacei, Dissemurus, 155
wallacei, Semioptera, 188
wallacii, Paradisea, 188
walleri, Amydrus, 88
walleri, Onychognathus, 87
wertheri, Pyromelana, 68
weynsi, Melanopteryx, 48
weynsi, Ploceus, 48
whitakeri, Garrulus, 231
whiteae, Corcorax, 160
whiteheadi, Dicrurus, 145
whiteheadi, Urocissa, 242
Whitellus, 7
wilheminae, Lamprothorax,
203
williamsoni, Ploceus, 52
wilsoni, Callaeas, 157
wilsoni, Glaucopis, 157
wilsonii, Paradisea, 199
wolfi, Nucifraga, 256
wollweberi, Aphelocoma, 214
woltersi, Amblyospiza, 32
woodfordi, Corvus, 266
woodfordi, Macrocorax, 266
woodhouseii, Aphelocoma, 212
woodhouseii, Cyanocitta, 212
worcesteri, Chibia, 153
wotan, Corvus, 280

xanthochlamys, Pyromelana, 66
xanthocollis, Fringilla, 24
xanthocollis, Petronia, 23
xanthomelaena, Pyromelana, 69
xanthomelana, Cissopica, 242
xanthomelana, Urocissa, 242
xanthomelas, Euplectes, 69
Xanthomelus, 177
xanthonotus, Oriolus, 125
Xanthophilus, 33
Xanthoplectes, 34
Xanthoploceus, 34

xanthops, Hyphantornis, 41
xanthops, Ploceus, 41
xanthopterus, Hyphantornis, 42
xanthopterus, Ploceus, 42
xanthornus, Coracias, 133
xanthornus, Oriolus, 133
xanthosterna, Gymnoris, 24
Xanthoura, 221

xerophila, Montifringilla, 28

yakutensis, Perisoreus, 238
yamamurae, Oriolus, 129
yarkandensis, Oriolus, 127
yatii, Passer, 15

yneas, Corvus, 226

yneas, Cyanocorax, 224
yneas, Xanthoura, 225
yorki, Chlamydera, 180
yorki, Craspedophora, 188
yorki, Phonygammus, 186
yucatanica, Cissilopha, 220
yucatanica, Cyanocitta, 220
yugoslavicus, Garrulus, 230
yunnanensis, Corvus, 271
yunnanensis, Nucifraga, 257
yunnanensis, Passer, 14

INDEX

zaidamensis, Sturnus, 109
zaissanensis, Passer, 20

315

zambesiensis, Xanthomelana, 69

zanzibarica, Urobrachya, 70
zanzibaricus, Euplectes, 70
zaphiroi, Sycobrotus, 36
zarudnyi, Passer, 18
zavattarii, Euplectes, 68
Zavattariornis, 75, 254
zedlitzi, Passer, 18
zelandica, Aplonis, 76
zelandicus, Lamprotornis, 76
zeledoni, Cyanocorax, 223
zervasi, Garrulus, 231
zetlandicus, Sturnus, 107
zugmayeri, Corvus, 263

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