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HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Ernst Mayr Library
of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology
CHECK-LIST
OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
VOLUME Ix
a a
CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS
OF THE WORLD
A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters
VOLUME Ix
Edited by
ERNST MAYR and JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR.
CAMBRIDGE . MASSACHUSETTS
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
1960
Orders from North and South America should be
addressed to the publisher, orders from Europe,
Asia and Australia to Ornithological Department,
Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark.
BIANCO LUNOS BOGTRYKKERI A/S
COPENHAGEN . DENMARK
INTRODUCTION
The idea of a Check-list of Birds of the World was initiated
in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy to satisfy an acute
need created by the obsolescence of Sharpe’s Handlist (1900-
1910). The enthusiastic reception of the work by ornithologists
throughout the world is testimony to the soundness of this
plan. Yet, when James L. Peters suddenly died on April 19,
1952, only seven volumes of the planned fifteen volume series
had appeared. It then became desirable and necessary that
steps be taken to assure completion of this indispensible hand-
book of the working ornithologist. The Museum of Comparative
Zoology, therefore, appointed the undersigned as editors with
the request to arrange for completion of the work.
It had become evident, even when Peters was still alive,
that the task of completing the work exceeded the life ex-
pectancy of a single person. For this reason Peters had enlisted
the help of his friend John Todd Zimmer to prepare volume 8,
containing the remainder of the South American Suboscines.
Dr. Zimmer was able to bring the task to near-completion
before he also died. As far as the remaining volumes are con-
cerned a group of widely scattered but enthusiastic specialists
agreed to prepare manuscripts for one or several families. This
arrangement has the great advantage of lifting the coming vo-
lumes far above the level of compilations. Indeed, several of the
collaborating experts first prepared monographic revisions of
the families assigned to them, assuring an authoritative treat-
ment. In view of this thorough treatment and owing to previous
commitments of some of the collaborators, it was necessary
to set up a schedule of publication for volumes 8-15, which
does not coincide with the numerical sequence. Since each
volume is complete in itself, and the treatment of any given
family is in no way dependent upon that of families in other
volumes, the sequence in which the volumes are to be published
is quite irrelevant. Manuscripts for volumes 8 and 15 are now
vi INTRODUCTION
nearly complete, and these volumes will presumably be the
next to be published, followed, as scheduled at present, by
volumes 10, 12, 13, 14, and 11.
Volume 9 contains the accounts of sixteen families and sub-
families. At the time of his death Peters had completed the
manuscript for the Alaudidae, Hirundinidae, and about half
of the Campephagidae. The remainder of the volume has been
prepared by ten collaborating ornithologists. An effort has been
made to bring Peters’ manuscript up to date without changing
his taxonomic concepts too drastically. It has, however, not
been possible to avoid a certain amount of unevenness in the
first three families.
Preparation of such a work by a number of authors has its
evident advantages, but also disadvantages. The recognition
of subspecies and the delimitation of species and genera involves
subjective judgment, and it is inevitable that the yardsticks
of no two persons will be the same. Yet, after comparing the
manuscripts for volume 9, the editors find closer agreement in
the treatment of genera and species by the eleven different
authors than there is between volumes 1 and 7 prepared by
J. L. Peters alone.
Sequence of species, genera and families. As in preceding
volumes, the authors have attempted to list within each genus
and family first what appear to be the simpler and more primi-
tive forms, followed by the more advanced and more specialized
forms. Often the choice had to be rather arbitrary. There is no
properly objective criterion by which one can determine
whether certain genera should be ranked as subfamilies or full
families. Wherever possible we have avoided monotypic families.
For this reason the Ptilogonatinae have been combined with
the Bombycillinae in the family Bombycillidae, since the two
subfamilies are believed, at least by some authors (Arvey, 1951,
Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 3, no. 3, p. 473-530), to
be related. The aggregation, hitherto called Prionopidae is
treated as a subfamily of the Laniidae, particularly since cer-
tain African genera appear to be connecting links.
There is no universally recognized sequence of Passerine
INTRODUCTION vil
families. The editors pledged themselves at the XI International
Ornithological Congress at Basel to follow a sequence recom-
mended by a special committee appointed by the President of
the Congress. The sequence, adopted in volumes 9-15 follows
the unanimous recommendations of this Committee (Mayr and
Greenway, 1956, Breviora, no. 58). This is an arbitrary se-
quence, but not more so than other sequences proposed. It is
essentially the sequence that had been used in the 19th cen-
tury in most of the standard literature. In view of the acceler-
ating pace of the study of comparative avian anatomy, serology
and ethology, it is to be hoped that definite improvements in
this sequence will be found in due time.
Editorial principles. The style developed by J. L. Peters and
adopted in the earlier volumes has been maintained in the
present volume, with minor exceptions. The most important
of these is that a binominal designation has been included for
every species. Where a species occurs in English speaking
countries and has a well known vernacular name, this has been
also included. It has proven impossible to be completely con-
sistent with respect to these names, but the majority of the
collaborators and the editors felt that the inclusion of the
English name added sufficiently to the usefulness of the volume
to compensate for the inevitable criticism.
Bibliographic references to important works which were
repeated in previous volumes under many generic headings,
are in this volume listed only once in each family, following
directly the family citation. The style of the citations is as
in previous volumes, except for a slightly expanded citation
in cases where this would make the language of the source
more evident.
The synonymy of Old World taxa includes all names pro-
posed since Sharpe’s Hand-list, or, where appropriate, Hartert’s
Vog. pal. Fauna, while synonyms of New World taxa correctly
cited in Hellmayr’s Catalogue are not repeated. The description
of the range has been somewhat expanded in comparison with
previous volumes and more attention has been paid to the
winter ranges of the migratory forms.
viii INTRODUCTION
Preparation and printing of this volume were supported by
grant number G 3124 of the National Science Foundation, to
which body we give heartfelt thanks.
No new material has been added after July 1, 1958.
The editors likewise express their deep gratitude to the col-
laborators who have so unselfishly agreed to assist in com-
pleting this work even though this meant in many cases a
complete setting aside of the author’s own current research.
We likewise want to thank the numerous experts who have
read the manuscript for their many suggestions.
Our special gratitude goes to Dr. Finn Salomonsen who saw
this volume through the press.
The index has been prepared by Mrs. Harriet I. Jorgensen,
Copenhagen.
Ernst MAyr
Jan. 19, 1959. James C. GREENWAY, Jr.
CONTENTS
ORDER PASSERIFORMES . 3
SUBORDER OSCINES. : 3
Family Alaudidae, Barks 5 3
Genus Mirafra Horsfield. 3
eteromiratra Grant P68] =. a st 2 28
Certhilauda Swainson ........... 24
Bremopterma Kawp. sito. a se 29
Ammomanes Cabanis. . . . eae eee ee OY
Alaemon Keyserling and Blastus Soe ip sh sk Oe Ee
Ramphocoris Bonaparte, 2... =... . . 40
Melanocorypha Bovess i a... ww es ys 40
CilangrellanKkaip ees Sess ws a 5 OS
Chersophilus Sharpe . . . eo ee OS tae 2 OE
Pseudalaemon Lort Phillips. Mer ye? 2) see 2 Hobe
Galenidaworew 0.) Ae a hint. 2) Berd oe Y MOO
LE TUCLE 9 20070) Jie Cee oe es oe ee 09
PISMO EZUECUR”. etait me) & oe 6) oo OD
Hremophila, Borge ko aes a sce ee ss EL
Family Hirundinidae, Swallows ............. 80
Sublamily Pseudochelidemimac.,. - «2: - «..-.. . Si
Genus Pseudochelidon Hartlaub. ......... 8i1
Subtanuly Eirundininae. jose. keep els ts 22 bs ey 88L
Genus Tachycineta Cabanis: 2... 2... « « s a = SE
Calltchelidon@baird. i Ss es ss | BE
Kalochelidon bryant: . 59 cs 2 ss tw s 184
Progne Bowe. . . . Seas) ae ee qs ESO
Notiochelidon Bad . Hs 5) ae 5a) 6 oe oe SS
AC TICOnAVOUG. quae ils Seek ewe sos wore oo a 590
Neochehdon-Sclater® <5. 5s <= « « « ss “9
Alopocheiidon Ridgway.= 5.2 2 2 «= =. 9)
Stelgidopteryx (Bard. 6 6. Se 82
Cheramosca ;Cabanis ~ Is. 5 5 2 ss 5 et OE
Pseudhirunde: Hoberts 92 2 2 se se we «69
Vip aria tEOnSter meee.) ay car 1 s-ee aed 2 EBS
iPhedimagshonaparte. 2:7 (62) <4 ees = 100
Ptyonoprogne Reichenbach ....... .. 101
Einindowlannacusiows so. coe 6 os o = 3 LOE
CONTENTS
Cecropis Bove . :
Petrochelidon Cabanis .
Delichon Horsfield and Mice:
Psalidoprocne Cabanis .
Family Motacillidae, Wagtails and Pipits.
Genus Dendronanthus Blyth.
Motacilla Linnaeus.
Tmetothylacus Cabanis.
Macronyx Swainson .
Anthus Bechstein
Family Campephagidae, Guskootstrikes,
Genus Pteropodocys Gould
Coracina Vievllot .
Campochaera “Salvadori”
Chlamydochaera Sharpe
Lalage Bove . :
Campephaga Vvevllot .
Pericrocotus Bove
Hemipus Hodgson .
Tephrodornis Swainson .
Family Pyenonotidae, Bulbuls.
Genus Spizixos Blyth .
Pyenonotus Bove.
Calyptocichla Oberholser
Baeopogon Heine ..
Ixonotus Verreauz .
Chlorocichla Sharpe
Thescelocichla Oberholser .
Phyllastrephus Swainson .
Bleda Bonaparte .
Nicator Hartlaub and Finsch ,
Criniger Temminck .
Setornis Lesson
Hypsipetes Vigors .
Neolestes Cabanis .
Tylas Hartlaub
Family Irenidae, Leaf Birds
Genus Aegithina V7evllot
Chloropsis Jardine and Selby ;
Irena Horsfield
Family Laniidae, Shrikes and Allies .
Subfamily Prionopinae .
Genus Eurocephalus Smith
Prionops Vveillot.
113
. Ls
. 123
. Ae
, ¥29
. 129
. 130
. 142
. 142
. 144
. 167
« 167
. 168
« 195
, 196
. 196
. 204
5 207
Be
. 219
» 221
. 222
. 223
. 259
. 259
. 260
. 260
. 263
. 263
. 273
. 274
. 275
. 282
. 282
: 299
. 299
. 300
. 300
. 303
. 307
. 309
. 309
. 309
. 310
CONTENTS
Subfamily Malaconotinae . ,
Genus Lanioturdus Waserlicuse
Nilaus Swainson .
Dryoscopus Bote.
Tchagra Lesson .
Laniarius V¢evllot
Telophorus Swainson .
Malaconotus Swainson .
Subfamily Laniinae :
Genus Corvinella Lesson
Lanius Linnaeus .
Subfamily Pityriasinae .
Genus Pityriasis Lesson.
Family Vangidae, Vangas. :
Genus Calicalicus Bonaparte .
Schetba Lesson
Vanga Vieillot.
Xenopirostris Bonaparte
Falculea Geoffroy St.-Hilaire
Leptopterus Bonaparte .
Oriolia Geoffroy St.-Hilaire
Euryceros Lesson
Family Bombycillidae, Waxwings
Subfamily Bombycillinae .
Genus Bombycilla Vieillot
Subfamily Ptilogonatinae . :
Genus Ptilogonys Swainson .
Phainopepla Baird
Phainoptila Salvin .
Subfamily Hypocoliinae. :
Genus Hypocolius Bonaparte
Family Dulidae, Palm Chat.
Genus Dulus Vievllot .
Family Cinclidae, Dippers
Genus Cinclus Borkhausen
Family Troglodytidae, Wrens .
Genus Campylorhynchus Same.
Odontorchilus Richmond
Salpinctes Cabanis .
Hylorchilus Nelson.
Cinnycerthia Lesson
Cistothorus Cabanis .
Thryomanes Sclater
Ferminia Barbour .
xl
. 314
1 ole
. 314
- oLG
. 320
. 326
. 333
. 338
. 341
. d41
. 342
. 364
. 364
. 365
. 365
. 365
. 366
. 366
. 367
8G,
. 368
. 369
. 369
. 369
. 369
ou
x gail
. 372
- ole
. 373
. 373
. 373
. 373
. 374
. 374
Pear)
5 Sf
. 386
. 387
. 389
. 389
- ook
. 395
. 399
xii
CONTENTS
Thryothorus Vievllot .
Troglodytes Vzedllot
Uropsila Sclater and Salvin .
Henicorhina Sclater and Salvin .
Microcerculus Sclater .
Cyphorhinus Cabanis.
Family Mimidae, Mockingbirds and Allies
Genus Dumetella S.D.W. .
Melanoptila Sclater.
Melanotis Bonaparte .
Mimus Bote . :
Nesomimus Ridgway .
Mimodes Ridgway .
Oreoscoptes Baird .
Toxostoma Wadler .
Cinclocerthia Gray .
Ramphocinclus Lafresnaye
Donacobius Swainson
Allenia Cory
Margarops Sclater .
. 309
. 415
. 430
. 431
. 435
. 437
. 440
. 440
Pr eh
. 441
. 442
. 447
. 448
. 449
. 449
. 454
. 455
. 456
. 457
. 457
CHECK-LIST
OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
VOLUME Ix
pm 23
OrpDER PASSERIFORMES
SUBORDER OSCINES
Famity ALAUDIDAE
JAMES L. PETERS!
cf. Hartert, 1904, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, Heft 2, p. 208-226, 1921,
3, Heft 17, p. 2080-2084.
Hartert and Steinbacher, 1933, op. cit., Erginzungsb., Heft 2,
p- 102-113.
Stuart Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, ed. 2, Birds, 3, p. 349-
355.
Bannerman, 1936, Birds Trop. West Africa, 4, p. 37-52.
Jackson and Sclater, 1938, Birds Kenya Col. and Uganda
Prot., 2, p. 775-795.
Friedmann, 1937, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, p. 15-38.
Meinertzhagen, 1951, Review of Alaudidae, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 121, pt. 1, p. 81-132.
Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds of Arabia, p. 134-138.
Roberts, 1940, Birds South Africa, p. 189-202.
Vaurie, 1951, A Study of Asiatic Larks, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 97, art. 5, p. 438-526.
Dementiev, 1954, Ptitsy Sovietskogo Sojuza, 5, p. 512-594.
Genus MIRAFRA HorsFieLp
Mirafra Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1,
p-. 159. Type, by monotypy, Mirafra javanica Horsfield.
Etoimus Gistel, 1848, Naturg. Thierr. Schul, p. x. New name for
Mirafra Horsfield.
Calendulauda Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat.Soc. Bengal, 24, p. 258, note.
Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda albescens Lafresnaye.
Heterocorys Sharpe, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1874), p. 625.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Alauda breviun-
guis Sundevall = Alauda chuana A. Smith.
Pinarocorys Shelley, 1902, Birds Africa, 3, p. 15 (in text), p. 71.
Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda nigricans Sundevall
(Bianchi, 1907 (1906)), Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg
(o)>25, p12).
Amirafra Bianchi, 1906, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg
(5), 25, p. 12. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Mirafra collaris Sharpe.
1 Ms. read by: Charles Vaurie (Palearctic), Charles M. N.White (Africa).
2 Ranges of birds in this work have not been consulted.
4 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Neomirafra Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 260. Type,
by original designation, M. fringillaris Sundevall = Mirafra
fringillaris of authors, not Alauda fringillaris Sundevall =
Mirafra passerina Gyldenstolpe.
Croteoptera Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 260. New
name for Corypha Gray, 1840, on the grounds of preoccupation
by Coryphe M’Leay, 1838, Coleoptera. Type, by original designa-
tion, Alauda apiata Vieillot.
Africorys Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 260. Type,
by original designation, Mirafra africana A. Smith.
Anacorys Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 260. Type,
by original designation, Mirafra africanoides A. Smith.
Sabota Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 260. Type, by
original designation, Mirafra sabota A. Smith.
cf. Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1939, Ibis, p. 554-559. (Races
of M. rufo-cinnamomea).
Hoesch and Niethammer, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, Sonderh.,
p- 210-219.
White, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 64, 1948, p. 20-21; 65, 1945, p.
48-49 (races of M.africana in South Africa); 66, 1945,
p. 13-15 (races of M.rufo-cinnamomea in South Africa);
Ibis, 1947, p. 418-420 (South African races of MM. africa-
noides); p. 421-422 (races of M. sabota); Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
76, 1956, p. 2-6 (races of M. javanica and M. sabota); t.c.
p. 538-60 (races of M. africanoides and M. rufo-cinnamomea) ;
t.c. p. 120-124.
Macdonald, 1952, Ibis, p. 629-635 (South African species).
MIRAFRA JAVANICA
Singing Bush Lark
Mirafra javanica marginata Hawker!
Mirafra marginata Hawker, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, p.lv -
Ugiagi = Ujawagi, Somaliland.
Mirafra meruensis Sjéstedt, 1911, Wiss. Ergebn. Kilimanjaro-
Meru Exped., 1, pt. 3, p. 137 — Ngara na nyuki Meru, Tanga-
nyika Territory.
Mirafra schillingsi Reichenow, 1916, Journ. f. Orn., 64, p. 163 —
Ndjiri and in the Gonja Plain, west of Mt. Kilimanjaro.
Eastern and southern Eritrea and western Somalia, south through
the Teso district of Uganda, the Teita district and regions about
Lake Magadi of Kenya Colony, extending into the low arid country
of north-eastern Tanganyika Territory and regions about Mt. Kili-
manjaro and Mt. Meru.
1 See also Mirafra candida and Mira ra pulpa below (p. 8, 9).
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 5
Mirafra javanica chadensis Alexander
Mirafra chadensis Boyd Alexander, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
21, p. 89 — Kowa Baga, Lake Chad.
North-central Africa from French Niger Colony eastward through
Lake Chad, Darfur, and Kordofan to Kassala Province of the
Egyptian Sudan, and western Eritrea, north to Air and Khartoum.
Mirafra javanica simplex (Heuglin)
Geocoraphus simplex Heuglin, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., 16, p. 226 —
no locality = Al Qunfidha, Arabia.
Western Arabia from Al Qunfidha on the Red Sea to Yemen
and the Aden Protectorate.
Mirafra javanica cantillans Blyth
Mirafra cantillans Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13,
p- 960 — India.
India from the North-West Province and Sind eastward to west-
ern Bengal and south to southern Bombay Presidency (Hubli) and
Madras.
Mirafra javanica williamsoni Stuart Baker
Mirafra cantillans williamsoni Stuart Baker, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 36, p. 9 — Bangkok, Siam.
Central Burma (Shwebo), eastern Tenasserim, central and south-
ern Siam, Laos (Tranninh), central Annam, and Cambodia (Siém-
réap).
Mirafra javanica beaulieui Delacour
Mirafra javanica beaulieui Delacour, 1932, Oiseau, Rev. Franc.
Orn., 2, p. 616 — Honquan, Cochinchina.
Cochinchina.
Mirafra javanica philippinensis Wardlaw Ramsay
Mirafra philippinensis Wardlaw Ramsay, 1886, Ibis, p. 160 —
vicinity of Manila, Luzon, Philippines.
Philippine Islands: Luzon; Mindoro.
Mirafra javanica mindanensis Hachisuka
Mirafra javanica mindanensis Hachisuka, 1931, Oiseau Rev.
Frang. Orn., 1, p. 471 — Mindanao, Philippines.
Philippine Islands: Mindanao.
Mirafra javanica javanica Horsfield
Mirafra Javanica Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13,
pt. 1, p. 159 — Java.
Southern Borneo; Java; Bali.
2
6 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Mirafra javanica parva Swinhoe
Mirafra parva Swinhoe, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 7, p 257.
— Flores.
Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok; Sumbawa; Sumba; Flores.
Mirafra javanica timorensis Mayr
Mirafra javanica timorensis Mayr, 1944, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 83, art. 2, p. 154 — Dilly, Timor.
Lesser Sunda Islands: Sawu; Timor.
Mirafra javanica sepikiana Mayr
Mirafra javanica sepikiana Mayr, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.
Publ., Zool. Ser., 20, p. 466 — Marienberg, Sepik River, New
Guinea.
Known only from the type locality in northern New Guinea.
Mirafra javanica aliena Greenway
Mirafra javanica aliena Greenway, 1935, Proc. New England
Zool. Cl., 14, p. 50 — Biolowat Camp, 2,250 feet, Morobe district,
New Guinea.
Known only from the Morobe district in northeastern New Guinea}.
Mirafra javanica woodwardi Milligan
Mirafra woodwardi Milligan, 1901, Victorian Nat., 18, p. 25, 26
—near Onslow, Mid-West Australia.
Midwestern Australia, from the Minilya River, south of Port
Cloates, eastward to the vicinity of Roebourne.
Mirafra javanica halli Bianchi
Mirafra horsfieldi pallidus Hall, 1904, Emu, 3, p. 232 — Roebuck
Bay Plains, North-West Australia. Not Mirafra pallida Gray,
1870.
Mirafra horsfieldi halli Bianchi, 1906, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.
Pétersbourg (5), 25, p. 81. New name for M.h. pallidus Hall,
preoccupied.
Mirafra milligani “‘Sharpe’’ Mathews, 1908, Emu, 7, suppl., p.
101. New name for M.h. pallidus Hall, preoccupied.
Restricted to the Roebuck Bay area, northwestern Australia.
Mirafra javanica subrufescens Mathews
Mirafra javanica subrufescens Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 426 — Tabba Tabba, North-West Australia.
Northwest Australia, from Port Hedland and the De Grey River
inland to the Fitzroy River and Derby; east Kimberley district
(subsp.).
1 Some race of Mirafra javanica occurs in the Merauke district of southern
New Guinea.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE i
Mirafra javanica sOderbergi Mathews
Mirafra javanica nigrescens Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 426 — Eureka, Northern Territory. Not Mirafra nigrescens
Reichenow, 1900.
Mirafra javanica séderbergi Mathews, 1921, Austral Av. Rec., 4,
p. 137 — New name for M. 7. nigrescens Mathews, preoccupied.
Western part of Northern Territory, from Daly River to South
Alligator River.
Mirafra javanica melvillensis Mathews
Mirafra javanica melvillensis Mathews, 1912, Austral Av. Rec.,
1, p. 102 — Melville Island, Northern Territory.
Melville Island.
Mirafra javanica rufescens Ingram
Mirafra rufescens Ingram, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 116
— Alexandra, Northern Territory.
Inland of Gulf of Carpenteria from Alexandra, Northern Territory,
to Cloncurry district, northern Queensland.
Mirafra javanica horsfieldii Gould
Mirafra horsfieldia Gould, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 15,
p. 1 — interior of New South Wales.
Mirafra javanica grisescens Hartert, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12, p.
237 — Swan Hill, Victoria.
Mirafra javanica queenslandica Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 425 — Inkerman, Queensland.
Central and southern Queensland, New South Wales and Vic-
toria.
Mirafra javanica secunda Sharpe
Mirafra secunda Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 595
(in key), p. 603 — South Australia.
South Australia.
MIRAFRA HOVA
Mirafra hova Hartlaub
Mirafra hova Hartlaub, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 106 — St.
Augustine Bay, Madagascar.
Madagascar.
MIRAFRA CORDOFANICA
Mirafra cordofanica Strickland
Mirafra cordofanica Strickland, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 18, (1852), p. 218, Aves, pl. 23 — Kordofan.
Q*
8 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
French West Africa, Darfur east of the Divide Range and Kor-
dofan.
MIRAFRA WILLIAMSI
Mirafra williamsi Macdonald
Mirafra williamsi Macdonald, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 76, p.
71 — Marsabit, Kenya; lat. 2°20’ N., long. 37°55’ E.; alt.
3,000 ft.
Known from the type locality only.
MIRAFRA CHENIANA
Mirafra cheniana A. Smith
Mirafra cheniana A. Smith, 18438, Illustr. Zool. South Africa,
Aves, pl. 89, fig. 2 — no locality = Latakoo, Bechuanaland.
South Africa from Southern Rhodesia, southern Bechuanaland
and Gazaland southward through the high veld of Orange Free
State. Transvaal, and East Griqualand to eastern Cape Province
(Queenstown district).
MIRAFRA ALBICAUDA
Mirafra albicauda albicauda Reichenow
Mirafra albicauda Reichenow, 1891, Journ. f. Orn., 39, p. 223 —
Gonda, Tabora district, Tanganyika Territory.
Central and eastern Africa from Lake Chad and the Shari east-
ward to the Kassala Province of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, thence
southward through western Ethiopia, Uganda, and the highlands
of Kenya Colony to Tanganyika Territory (Tabora; Ardai; ridge
south of Engaruka).
Mirafra albicauda rukwensis White
Mirafra albicauda rukwensis White, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
76, p. 4 — Rukwa Depression, southern Tanganyika Territory.
Known from the type locality only.
MIRAFRA PASSERINA
Mirafra passerina Gyldenstolpe
Mirafra fringillaris of authors, not Alauda fringillaris Sundevall.
Mirafra passerina Gyldenstolpe, 1926, Ark. Zool., 19 A, no. 1,
p- 24 — Mohapoani, Bechuanaland = Damaraland fide Grant.
Bushveld savannas of Damaraland, Ngamiland, Bechuanaland
and western Transvaal, and Southern Rhodesia (Bulawayo and
Kariba Dam site).
?MIRAFRA CANDIDA
?>Mirafra candida Friedmann
Mirafra candida Friedmann, 1930, Auk, 47, p. 418 — North Guaso
Nyiro River, Kenya Colony.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 9
Known only from the type locality; possibly the rufous phase of
M. javanica marginata.
?>MIRAFRA PULPA
?Mirafra pulpa Friedmann
Mirafra pulpa Friedmann, 1930, Occ. Papers, Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., 5, p. 257 — Sagon River, Ethiopia.
Known only from the unique type; status in doubt.1
MIRAFRA HYPERMETRA
Mirafra hypermetra kathangorensis Cave
Mirafra hypermetra kathangorensis Cave, 1940, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 60, p. 96 — Kathangore, 1,200 feet, lat. 5° 45’ N., long.
33° 50’ E., Equatoria, Sudan.
Known only from the unique type.
Mirafra hypermetra kidepoensis Macdonald
Mirafra hypermetra kidepoensis Macdonald, 1940, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 60, p. 59 — Ero, 4,000 feet, south edge of the Didinga Mts.,
lat. 4° 6’ N., long. 33° 44’ E., Sudan.
Extreme southern Sudan on the Kidepo plains, and northeastern
Uganda on the plains at the base of Mt. Moroto.
Mirafra hypermetra gallarum Hartert
Mirafra hypermetra gallarum Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
19, p. 84 — Bouta, Hawash Valley, Ethiopia.
Southern Ethiopia north to Shoa and the Hawash Valley.
Mirafra hypermetra hypermetra (Reichenow)
Spilocorydon hypermetrus Reichenow, 1879, Orn. Centralb., 1
p. 155 — Kibaradja [Tana River, Kenya Colony].
Kenya Colony (north to North Uaso Nyiro) and southern Somalia
south to northern Tanganyika Territory (Pangani River, Loliondo).
b
MIRAFRA SOMALICA
Mirafra somalica (Witherby)
Certhilauda somalica Witherby, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14,
p. 29— Dibbit, Somaliland [Col. Pl., Ibis, 1905, pl. 10, p. 512].
Red soil desert of the plateau of British Somaliland east and
south of Burao, extending into northern Somalia.
1 Believed by its describer to be allied to Mirafra passerina, but this is
disputed by Grant and Mackworth-Praed (Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 59, 1939, p. 157)
who assert that it is the same as M. javanica marginata.
10 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
MIRAFRA AFRICANA
Rufous-naped Bush Lark
Mirafra africana henrici Bates
Mirafra africana henrici Bates, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51,
p. 47 — near foot of Mt. Nimba, 2,000 feet, French Guinea.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.
Mirafra africana stresemanni Bannerman
Mirafra stresemanni Bannerman, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p. 164 — 15 miles north of Ngaundere, 3,700 feet, Cameroons.
Northern Cameroons on the plateau south of the sources of the
Benue River.
Mirafra africana tropicalis Hartert
Mirafra africana tropicalis Hartert, 1900, Novit. Zool., 7, p. 45
— tropical East Africa to lake districts and Uganda; type
from Bukoba, Lake Victoria.
Mirafra africana ruwenzoria Kinnear, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
41, p. 139 — Mokia, 3,400 feet, southeastern Ruwenzori.
Extreme eastern Belgian Congo, Uganda, southwestern Kenya
Colony and northern Tanganyika Territory in the region about
Lake Victoria.
Mirafra africana kurrae Lynes
Mirafra africana kurrae Lynes, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 43,
p. 95 — Kurra, 5,000 feet, Darfur.
Mirafra batesi Bannerman, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, p. 163
—near Jos (south) [Bauchi Plateau], 4,000 feet, Northern
Nigeria.
Northern Nigeria on the Bauchi Plateau, and western Darfur
on the Jebel Marra.
Mirafra africana athi Hartert
Mirafra africana athi Hartert, 1900, Novit. Zool., 7, p. 46 — Athi
Plains, Kenya Colony.
Mirafra africana dohertyi Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19,
p. 93 — Escarpment, 6,500 feet, Kenya Colony.
Kenya Colony from Lumbwa to Nairobi and the Magadi and
Athi Plains.
Mirafra africana harterti Neumann
Mirafra africana harterti Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
23, p. 45 — Kiboko River, southern Ukamba, Kenya Colony.
Kenya Colony in the southern part of Ukamba.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 1
Mirafra africana nigrescens Reichenow
Mirafra nigrescens Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 39 —
Elton Pass, Ukinga, Tanganyika Territory.
Southwestern Tanganyika Territory.
Mirafra africana nyikae Benson
Mirafra africana nyikae Benson, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 59,
p. 85 — Nyika Plateau, 8,000 feet, Nyasaland.
Confined to the Nyika Plateau in northern Nyasaland.
Mirafra africana malbranti Chapin
Mirafra malbranti Chapin, 1946, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 67, p. 7 —
30 kilometers south of Djambala, French Congo.
Known from the type locality, and the western part of the
Kasai (Kilembe; Petianga).
Mirafra africana occidentalis (Hartlaub)
Megalophonus occidentalis Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr.,
p. 153 — Gaboon.
Western and southwestern Angola north to Loanda and perhaps
farther.
Mirafra africana kabalii White
Mirafra africana kabalii White, 1943, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 64,
p. 20 — Minyanya Plain, northwestern corner of the Balovale
district of Northern Rhodesia, a few miles from the Angola
border.
Known from northeastern Angola and from the type locality.
Mirafra africana chapini Grant and Mackworth-Praed
Mirafra africana chapini Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1939,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 59, p. 140 — Nasondoye and Kanzenze,
southeastern Belgian Congo.
Southeastern Belgian Congo (Nasondoye; Kanzenze) and adja-
cent parts of Northern Rhodesia (Mwinilunga, Luwingu, Mpika).
Mirafra africana gomesi White
Mirafra africana gomesi White, 1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 65,
p. 5 — Plain in the Macondo district of Angola, east of the
Lunyuwe River.
Extreme eastern Angola in the Macondo district, and western
Northern Rhodesia (eastern Balovale).
Mirafra africana grisescens Sharpe
Mirafra grisescens Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, p. 62
— Tibakais Vley, Matabeleland.
12 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Africorys africana ngamiensis Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
15, p. 27 — Mababe Flats, Ngamiland.
Known only from vicinity of Wankie in Southern Rhodesia.
Mirafra africana pallida Sharpe
Mirafra pallida Sharpe, 1902 (April), Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12,
p. 62 — Damaraland.
Mirafra africana okahandjae White, 1945, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
65, p. 48 — Okahandja, South West Africa.
Mirafra pallidior Sharpe ms. Shelley, 1902 (after May), Birds
Africa, 3, p. 54 (in key) — Elephant Vley.
Northern Damaraland, Ovamboland in the region about Etosha
Pan, and central Bechuanaland (Kuruman).
Mirafra africana ghansiensis (Roberts)
Africorys africana ghansiensis Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
15, p. 27 — Gemsbok Pan, Ghanzi District.
Bechuanaland from Ghanzi to Fort Rietfontein.
Mirafra africana transvaalensis Hartert
Mirafra africana transvaalensis Hartert, 1900, Novit. Zool., 7,
p. 45 — Rustenburg, Transvaal.
Mirafra africanus zuluensis Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
18, p. 215 — Maputa, northeastern Zululand.
Mirafra africana isolata Clancey, 1956, Durban Mus. Novit., 4,
p. 283 — Fort Johnston Dist., south end Lake Nyasa, Nyasa-
land.
Transvaal, Swaziland and Zululand to Southern Rhodesia (except
the neighborhood of Wankie). Taxonomically indistinguishable popu-
lations occur in Northern Rhodesia (Livingstone to Mazabuka and
Lusaka), in Nyasaland, northern Portuguese East Africa (Inham-
bane, Laurenco Marques) and southern Tanganyika.
Mirafra africana africana A. Smith
Mirafra africana A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa,
p. 47 — eastern Cape Province and the country as far as
Latakoo.
Orange Free State and the Richmond District, southern Natal,
south to eastern Cape Province (Bedford).
Mirafra africana sharpii Elliot
Mirafra sharpii Elliot, 1897, Field-Columbian Mus. Publ., Orn.
Ser., 1, no. 2, p. 37 —Silo Plain, Somaliland.
Plains of British Somaliland.
1 Not affected by Mirafra (Ammomanes) pallida Ehr., Gray, 1870, Hand-
list Gen. Sp. Birds. Brit. Mus., pt. 2, p. 121, no. 7807.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 13
MIRAFRA CHUANA
Mirafra chuana (Smith)
Alauda chuana A. Smith!, 1836, Rep. Exped. Expl. Centr. Africa,
p. 46 — ‘“‘country beyond Latakoo”’.
Alauda breviunguis Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7,
p. 99 —“‘Caffraria superiore”; type from western side of Inha-
lube, Transvaal.
High Veld of western Transvaal and adjacent parts of Bechuana-
land.
MIRAFRA ANGOLENSIS
Mirafra angolensis Bocage
Mirafra angolensis Barboza du Bocage, 1880, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, 8,
p- 60, 68 — Caconda, Benguela.
Angola, southern Belgian Congo, and Northern Rhodesia (Mwini-
lunga).
MIRAFRA RUFO-CINNAMOMEA
Cinnamon Bush Lark
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea buckleyi (Shelley)
Calandrella buckleyi Shelley, 1873, Ibis, p. 142 — Accra, Gold
Coast Colony.
Drier parts of West Africa from Gambia, French Sudan, Upper
Volta, Niger and the Shari River, south to the Ivory Coast, Gold
Coast (Ghana), Togoland, Nigeria and northern Cameroons (Garua).
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea schoutedeni White
Mirafra rufocinnamomea schoutedeni White, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 76, p. 58 — Luluabourg, Kasai.
French Equatorial Africa southward in dry regions south of the
Congo to the Kasai.
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea tigrina Oustalet
Mirafra tigrina Oustalet, 1892, Le Naturaliste, 14, p. 231 — Poste
de la Mission, Haut Kemo, Ubangi.
Mirafra cranbrooki Alexander, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. 88
— Ubangi River and the Uele River; type from Bwado.
Northeastern Cameroons (Bosum) and on the Ubangi and Uele
rivers, central Africa.
1 For use of this name see Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18, p. 320.
White, 1956, has been followed in placing the species here.
14 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea furensis Lynes
Mirafra fischeri furensis Lynes, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl, 43,
p- 95 — Kulme, 3,500 feet, Darfur.
Darfur, where known only from the “western basin’’.
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea sobatensis Lynes
Mirafra sobatensis Lynes, 1914, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, p. 129 —
Plains near the mouth of the Sobat River, Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan.
Eastern Sudan.
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea rufo-cinnamomea (Salvadori)
Megalophonus rufo-cinnamomeus Salvadori, 1865, Atti Soc. Ital.
Sci. Nat. Milano, 8, p. 378 — Ethiopia; restricted to northern
Ethiopia by Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1939.
Mirafra degeni Ogilvie-Grant, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, p. 28
— Hiressa, 8000 feet, between Addis Ababa and Lake Tsana,
Ethiopia.
Ethiopia (except southwestern in the range of omoensis).
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea omoensis Neumann
Mirafra fischeri omoensis Neumann, 1928, Journ. f. Orn., 76, p.787
— Lange-Tombaro, Djimma, southwestern Ethiopia.
Southwestern Ethiopia.
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea kawirondensis van Someren
Mirafra fischeri kawirondensis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 125 — Kisumu, Lake Victoria.
Upper White Nile and Uganda eastward to the Rift Valley in
Kenya Colony and southward to the Mwanza district in Tanganyika
Territory.
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea fischeri (Reichenow)
Megalophonus Fischeri Reichenow, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26, p.266
— Rabai, near Mombasa, Kenya Colony.
Mirafra zombae Ogilvie-Grant, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, p. 27
— Zomba Plains, Nyasaland.
Drier parts of southern and eastern Congo, and coasts of East
Africa, from the neighborhood of Mombasa southward in Tanganyika,
Northern Rhodesia (except western part), Nyasaland, and Mozam-
bique to the Zambesi River.
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea torrida Shelley
Mirafra torrida Shelley, 1882, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 308, pl.17
— Ugogo, Tanganyika Territory.
Central Tanganyika Territory.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 15
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea pintoi White
Mirafra rufocinnamomea pintoi White, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
76, p. 57 — Catuane, southern Portuguese East Africa.
Southern Portuguese East Africa to Swaziland and northeastern
Transvaal.
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea smithersi White
Mirafra rufocinnamomea smithersi White, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 76, p. 58 — Deka Farm, Matetsi, Southern Rhodesia.
Southern Rhodesia and northern Transvaal.
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea Iwenarum White
Mirafra rufocinnamomea lwenarum White, 1945, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 66, p. 15 — between the Kasisi and Litapi rivers, Balovale
district, Northern Rhodesia.
Western Northern Rhodesia, west of the Zambesi.
Mirafra rufo-cinnamomea mababiensis (Roberts)
Corypha fischeri mababiensis Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
15, p. 27 — Tsotsoroga Pan, Ngamiland.
Ngamiland! and southwestern Barotseland.
MIRAFRA APIATA
Clapper Lark
Mirafra apiata damarensis Sharpe
Mirafra damarensis Sharpe, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1874),
p. 650, pl. 75, fig. 2— Ondonga, Damaraland.
Northern Damaraland in the arid region north of Etosha Pan
(two specimens known).
Mirafra apiata nata Smithers
Mirafra damarensis nata Smithers, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 75,
p- 29 — 10 miles west of Nata, northeastern Bechuanaland.
Northeastern Bechuanaland.
Mirafra apiata deserti (Roberts)
Megalophonus hewitti deserti Roberts, 1926, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
11, p. 223 — Omutaku Flats, north of Okakandja, Damara-
land.
Damaraland Plateau (Omutaku Flats; Spatzenfeld near Gobabis).
1 Perhaps sympatric with Mirafra apiata kalaharica.
16 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Mirafra apiata kalaharica (Roberts)
Corytpha [sic] hewitti kalaharica Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 27 — Gemsbok Pan.
Ngamiland (Dautsa) and Kalahari.
Mirafra apiata rufipilea (Vieillot)
Alauda rufipilea Vieillot, 1816, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 1, p. 345
— Houswaana country (7. e. Great Namaqualand ex Levaillant,
Ois. Afr., pl. 198, fide Sclater, 1930).
Alauda rufocapilla Voigt, 1831, Das Thierreich, p. 552 — ex Le-
vaillant.
Alauda fasciolata Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7,
p- 99 — “‘Caffraria superiore’”’; type from north of the Vaal
River, Transvaal.
Megalophonus hewitti Roberts, 1926, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 11,
p. 223 — new name for Megalophonus rufipilea of authors, not
of Vieillot.
Southern Bechuanaland, Griqualand, central Transvaal, Orange
Free State.
Mirafra apiata apiata (Vieillot)
Alauda apiata Vieillot, 1816, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 1, p. 342 —
no locality; Swartland, arid plains of the Piquetberg and the
Karroo, ex Levaillant, Ois. Afr., pl. 194 — Malmesbury district,
Cape Province.
Southwestern Cape Province.
Mirafra apiata algoensis (Roberts)
Megalophonus apiatus algoensis Roberts, 1926, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 11, p. 222 — Port Elizabeth.
Eastern Cape Province.
Mirafra apiata adendorffi Roberts
Mirafra apiata adendorffi Roberts, 1919, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 6,
p. 117 — Klaver, Oliphant’s River, Cape Province.
Little Namaqualand and the van Rhynsdorp district of Cape
Province.
MIRAFRA AFRICANOIDES
Fawn-colored Bush Lark
Mirafra africanoides intercedens Reichenow
Mirafra intercedens Reichenow, 1895, Orn. Monatb., 3, p. 96 —
Loeru, Kondoa, Irangi district, Tanganyika Territory.
1 Macdonald, 1952, doubts this.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 1
Central Ethiopia and highlands of western British Somaliland
southward through the interior of Kenya Colony (except western)
to the Tabora and Dodoma districts of northeastern Tanganyika
Territory.
Mirafra africanoides alopex Sharpe
Mirafra alopex Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 596 (in
key), p. 617 — Somaliland.
Southern border of British Somaliland near Bohotleh and neigh-
boring region of Ethiopia.
Mirafra africanoides macdonaldi White
Mirafra africanoides macdonaldi White, 1953, Bull. Orn. CL, 73,
p. 88 — Yavello, Southern Ethiopia.
Known from the type locality only.
Mirafra africanoides longonotensis van Someren
Mirafra longonotensis van Someren, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40,
p. 57 — Naivasha, Kenya Colony.
Eastern Uganda and the western portions of Kenya Colony.
Mirafra africanoides trapnelli White
Mirafra africanoides trapnelli White, 1943, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 64,
p- 21 — between the Kasisi and Kitapi [sic] rivers, 40 miles
west of the Zambesi, Balovale District, Northern Rhodesia.
Southwestern Barotseland and west Balovale district on the plains
between the Kasisi and Litapi rivers.
Mirafra africanoides harei Roberts
Mirafra africanoides harei Roberts, 1917, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
5, p. 258 —Windhoek, Damaraland.
Anacorys africanoides omaruru Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 18, p. 263 — Omaruru, Damaraland.
Mirafra africanoides isseli Hoesch and Niethammer, 1940, Journ.
f. Orn., 88, Sonderh., p. 215 — south of Okahandja, Damara-
land.
South West Africa, between the Namib desert and the mountains,
from Omaruru and the Damaraland Plateau southward to the
Orange River.
Mirafra africanoides gobabisensis (Roberts)
Anacorys africanoides gobabisensis Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 18, p. 263 — Gobabis district, South-West Africa.
Kast-central Damaraland (Gobabis to Osire and the Waterberg).?
1 Hoesch and Niethammer synonymize omaruru with this race which they
record also from Karibib and Erongo plateau.
18 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Mirafra africanoides rubidior White
Mirafra africanoides rubidior White, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
75, p. 29 — Ozandjache, west of Waterberg and near Otij-
warongo, South West Africa.
Known only from the type locality and Okaputa.
Mirafra africanoides makarikari (Roberts)
Anacorys africanoides makarikart Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 28 — Nkate, Bechuanaland.
Southwestern Ngamiland and northeastern Bechuanaland in the
region about Makarikari Salt Lake.
Mirafra africanoides vincenti (Roberts)
Anacorys africanoides vincenti Roberts, 1938, Ostrich, 9, p. 117
— Fairfield, Southern Rhodesia.
Mirafra africanoides mossambiquensis Pinto, 1952, Bol. Soe. Est.
Mocambique, 22, p. 5 — Maquese, southern Portuguese East
Africa.
Southern Rhodesia in Umwuma district, Que Que, Fort Victoria,
Chatsworth, and southern Portuguese East Africa.
Mirafra africanoides sarwensis (Roberts)
Anacorys africanoides sarwensis Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 27 — Kaotwe Pan, central Kalahari.
Anacorys africanoides ovambensis Roberts, 1937, Ostrich, 8, p. 97
— 50 miles northwest of Namutoni on the road to Ondonga,
Ovamboland.
Anacorys africanoides tsumebensis Roberts, 1937, Ostrich, 8, p.
98 — Tsumeb, South West Africa.
Central Kalahari.
Mirafra africanoides austin-robertsi White
Mirafra africanoides austin-robertsi White, 1947, Ibis, p. 420.
New name for Anacorys africanoides transvaalensis Roberts,
preoccupied.
Anacorys africanoides transvaalensis Roberts, 1936, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus., 18, p. 262 — Nylstroom, Transvaal. Not Mirafra
africana transvaalensis Hartert, 1900.
Ovamboland and Acacia thornveld of western Transvaal; Bula-
wayo district and southern and western Southern Rhodesia.
Mirafra africanoides africanoides A. Smith
Mirafra africanoides A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa,
p. 47 — eastern province of the [Cape] Colony and the country
towards Latakoo.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 19
Mirafra smithi Sharpe, 1909, Hand-list Birds, 5, p. 175. New
name for Mirafra africanoides Smith.
South Africa from southeastern Bechuanaland (Vryburg) and
Griqualand West, south to Colesberg.*
MIRAFRA COLLARIS
Collared Lark
Mirafra collaris Sharpe
Mirafra collaris Sharpe, 1896, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 5, p. xxiv
—no locality; the type in the British Museum is from Aimola,
ca. lat. 4° N., long. 40° E.
British and Ethiopian Somaliland, Somalia, and the adjacent
parts of northeastern Kenya Colony.
MIRAFRA ASSAMICA
Bush Lark
Mirafra assamica assamica Horsfield
Mirafra Assamica Horsfield in McClelland, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, (1839), pt. 7, p. 162 — Assam.
Northern India from Kumaon, the United Provinces and Nepal
eastward through Sikkim and Bhutan Doars to eastern Assam and
south to Orissa, Bengal, Sylhet and Manipur south to Akyab.
Mirafra assamica affinis Blyth
Mirafra affinis Blyth, ex Jerdon ms., 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal (1844), 13, p. 959 — southern India.
Mirafra affinis Jerdon, 1845, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci. (1844), 13,
pt. 2, p. 136 — Goomsoor.
Alauda coromandeliana Pucheran, 1854, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), 6,
p. 63 — Pondichery, ex Cuvier ms.
Mirafra affinis ceylonensis Whistler, 1936, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc., 38, p. 769 — Colombo, Ceylon.
Southern India from Mysore and southern Orissa southward;
Ceylon.
Mirafra assamica microptera Hume
Mirafra microptera Anonymous = Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers,
1, p. 483 — Thayetmyo, Burma.
Central Burma south to Prome and eastward to the western
portion of the Northern Shan States.
Mirafra assamica subsessor Deignan
Mirafra assamica subsessor Deignan, 1941, Zoologica, 26, p. 241
— Chiengmai, 1000 feet, Thailand.
1 Distributions of subspecies of South Africa require further study.
20 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Northern Thailand in the Chiengmai Plain and possibly Lampang
Province.
Mirafra assamica marionae Stuart Baker
Mirafra assamica marionae Stuart Baker, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 36, p. 34 — Ayuthia, central Thailand.
Tenasserim (Kyauk Phyon), Thailand (except northern), southern
Annam, Cambodia and Cochinchina.
MIRAFRA RUFA
Mirafra rufa nigriticola Bates
Mirafra rufa nigriticola Bates, 1932, Bull. Brit. Orn, Cl., 53,
p. 8— Tahona, French Niger Colony.
Western French Niger Colony (Tillabery; Tahona).
Mirafra rufa rufa Lynes
Mirafra rufa Lynes, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, p. 15 — Juga
Juga, 3000 feet, 15 miles ENE of El Fasher, Darfur.
North and central Darfur from Zalingei to Juga Juga.
Mirafra rufa lynesi Grant and Mackworth-Praed
Mirafra rufa lynesi Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1933, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 53, p. 246 — Delami, Kordofan.
Kordofan, from 20 miles west of El Nahud eastward to Delami
and Um Dona in the Koalib area of Dar Nuba.
MIRAFRA GILLETTI
Mirafra gilletti Sharpe
Mirafra gilletti Sharpe, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 4, p. xxix
—no locality = Sibbe, Ogaden country, Somaliland.
Ethiopia from the Hawash Valley eastward to French and British
Somaliland and Somalia.
MIRAFRA POECILOSTERNA
Mirafra poecilosterna australoabyssinica Benson
Mirafra poecilosterna australoabyssinicus Benson, 1942, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 63, p. 13 — twenty miles south of Mega, 3,000 feet,
Ethiopia.
Northern Sudan; northern Italian Somaliland, and Ethiopia.
Mirafra poecilosterna poecilosterna (Reichenow)
Alauda poecilosterna Reichenow, 1879, Orn. Centralb., 1, p. 155
— Kibaradja [Tana River, Kenya Colony].
Northern and eastern Kenya Colony south to the Tana River.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 21
Mirafra poecilosterna massaica (Fischer and Reichenow)
Megalophonus massaicus Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f.
Orn., 32, p. 55 — Little Arusha, Tanganyika Territory.
Mirafra poecilosterna jacksoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1913, Ibis, p. 586
— Kikuyu, 5,500 feet, Kenya Colony.
Northeastern Uganda to the central districts of Kenya Colony
and southward to northern Tanganyika Territory in the region
about Mt. Kilimanjaro and the arid lowlands at Mkomasi.
MIRAFRA SABOTA
Sabota Lark
Mirafra sabota herero (Roberts)
Sabota sabota herero Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18,
p- 262 — Windhoek, South West Africa.
Damaraland Plateau and mountains of Great Namaqualand from
Otjiwarango south to Kubub and Kalkfontein.
Mirafra sabota sabotoides (Roberts)
Sabota sabota sabotoides Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 15,
p- 28 — Gemsbok Pan.
Bechuanaland in the region about Gemsbok Pan in the western
Kalahari Desert.
Mirafra sabota vesey-fitzgeraldi White
Mirafra sabota vesey-fitzgeraldi White, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
76, p. 6 — Dautsa, Ngamiland.
Ngamiland, Bechuanaland Protectorate.
Mirafra sabota bradfieldi (Roberts)
Sabota sabota bradfieldi Roberts, 1928, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 12,
p. 316 — de Aar, Cape Province.
Southeastern South West Africa (Great Karras Mts., Keetman-
shoop) and South Africa from Upington and Griqualand West south
to van Wyks Vlei, de Aar, and Petrusville.
Mirafra sabota plebeja (Cabanis)
Alauda (Megalophonus) plebeja Cabanis, 1875, Journ. f. Orn., 23,
p- 237 — no locality = Chinchoxo, Portuguese Congo.
Portuguese Congo.
Mirafra sabota ansorgei Sclater
Mirafra sabota ansorgei Sclater, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47,
p- 29 — Catumbela, Benguela.
Benguela.
3
22 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Mirafra sabota naevia (Strickland)
Alauda naevia Strickland, 1852-1853, in Jardine’s Contr. Orn.,
p. 152 — Damaraland; type locality restricted to Ondonga,
Ovamboland, by Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18, p.
262, but type agrees with Otjimique population, fide White.
Southern Damaraland.
Mirafra sabota waibeli Grote
Mirafra sabota waibeli Grote, 1922, Journ. f. Orn., 70, p. 46 —
Okaukuejo, Ovamboland.
Known only from the southwestern side of Etosha Pan.
Mirafra sabota uis Hoesch and Niethammer
Mirafra sabota uis Hoesch and Niethammer, 1940, Journ. f. Orn.,
88, Sonderh., p. 218, pl. 2, fig. 5 — Uis, South West Africa.
Mirafra sabota erongo Hoesch and Niethammer, 1940, Journ. f.
Orn., 88, Sonderh., p. 218 — Erongo Plateau, Damaraland.
Northwestern Damaraland in the “Pre-Namib” from Kamanjab
south to the Swakop, and on the Erongo Plateau.
Mirafra sabota elfriedae Hoesch and Niethammer
Mirafra sabota elfriedae Hoesch and Niethammer, 1940, Journ.
f. Orn., 88, Sonderh., p. 217 — Onguma, South West Africa.
Known only from the type locality at the eastern end of Etosha
Pan. Intermediate between waibeli and hoeschi.
Mirafra sabota hoeschi Stresemann
Mirafra sabota hoeschi Stresemann, 1939, Orn. Monatb., 47, p.
62 — Waltersdorf, near Grootfontein, South West Africa.
Northern Damaraland on the dark soils along the Omuramba-
Omatako River, southeast of Grootfontein.
Mirafra sabota sabota A. Smith
Mirafra Sabota A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa, p. 47
— between Latakoo and the Tropic.
Southern Portuguese East Africa, Matabeleland, Transvaal, Zulu-
land, Swaziland to the Umbelluzi River, Natal, and northern Cape
Province.
MIRAFRA ERYTHROPTERA
Red-winged Bush Lark
Mirafra erythroptera sindiana Ticehurst
Mirafra erythroptera sindianus Ticehurst, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 56 — Karachi, Sind.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 23
Sind, Kumaon, Punjab, Rajputana, northern Baroda, central
and Gorakhpur districts of the eastern United Provinces.
Mirafra erythroptera furva Koelz
Mirafra erythroptera furva Koelz, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1510, p. 2—Sihor, Kathiawar, India.
Known only from the type locality.
Mirafra erythroptera erythroptera Blyth
Mirafra erythroptera Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal
(1844), 13, p. 958, ex Jerdon ms. — northern portion of the
Indian Peninsula.
Mirafra Erythroptera Jerdon, 1845, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci. (1844),
13, pt. 2, p. 1386 — Jalna, Deccan.
India from Gwalior and the Central Provinces east to Bihar and
western Bengal, south to the Bombay Presidency, Mysore (Mari-
kanive) and Bastar.
MIRAFRA NIGRICANS
Dusky Bush Lark
Mirafra nigricans erythropygia (Strickland)
Alauda erythropygia Strickland, 1852, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1850), pt. 18, p. 219, Aves, pl. 24 — Kordofan.
Arid belt of northern Africa from Air, Darfur and Kordofan
southward to Sierra Leone (Bintumane), the northern Territories
of Ivory Coast, Gold Coast, Togoland and Nigeria, Bahr el Ghazal
and northwestern Uganda (Murchison Falls).
Mirafra nigricans nigricans (Sundevall)
Alauda nigricans Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Férh., 7,
p. 99 — “Caffraria superiore” ; type from Ape River, Transvaal.
Belgian Congo (near Leopoldville; Katanga); Kigoma on Lake
Tanganyika; Benguela, and Northern Rhodesia south to Damara-
land (Windhoek), Ngamiland, Southern Rhodesia, Transvaal, and
Zululand.
Genus HETEROMIRAFRA Grant
Heteronyx Grant, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl, 21, p. 111. Type,
by original designation, Heteronyx ruddi Grant. Not Heteronyx
Guerin, 1838, Coleoptera.
Heteromirafra Grant, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, p. 114. New
name for Heteronyx Grant, preoccupied.
ae
24 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
HETEROMIRAFRA RUDDI
Long-clawed Lark
Heteromirafra ruddi ruddi (Grant)
Heteronyx ruddi Grant, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, p. 111 —
Wakkerstroom, Transvaal.
South Africa in the Drakensberg Plateau and adjacent grass-
be from northeastern Transvaal (Belfast) south to Griqualand
ast.
Heteromirafra ruddi archeri Stevenson Clarke
Heteromirafra archeri Stevenson Clarke, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 40, p. 64 — Jifa, 5,000 feet, western border of British Somali-
land.
Western British Somaliland.
GENUS CERTHILAUDA Swatnson
Certhilauda Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 344. Type, by
original designation, lAlouette Sirli of Levaillant = Alauda
curvirostris Vieillot.
Chersomanes Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., Th. 1, 1850-1851, p.
126. Type, by subsequent designation, C. garrula A. Smith.
cf. Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 18, p. 257-261.
Hoesch and Niethammer, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, Sonderh.,
. 219-221.
Macdonald, Ibis, 94, 1952, p. 122-127; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.), 1, no. 11, 1953, p. 321-350 (C. albescens); Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, 122, pt. 4, 1951, p. 985-1006 (C. albofasciata).
CERTHILAUDA CURVIROSTRIS
Long-billed Lark
Certhilauda curvirostris damarensis (Sharpe)
Alaemon damarensis Sharpe, 1904, Ibis, p. 361 — Damaraland;
type from Tjobis.
?Alaemon benguelensis Sharpe, 1904, Ibis, p. 361 — Benguella.
Certhilauda subcoronata kaokoensis Bradfield, 1944, New South
African Ornithological Records and new forms, Johannesburg,
p- [8] — Messum River [Damaraland].
From Benguella southward along the border of the Namib on
the western edge of the Damaraland Plateau to about the Naukluft
Mts., intergrading with C. c. bradshawi in the region about Magaums.
Certhilauda curvirostis bradshawi (Sharpe)
Alaemon bradshawi Sharpe, 1904, Ibis, p. 361 — Orange River;
type from near Upington.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 25
Southern Great Namaqualand (Aus; Kubub; Kleetmanshoop;
Kalkfontein; Karas Mts., etc.), eastward to Upington and Barkly
West.
Certhilauda curvirostris subcoronata A. Smith
Certhilauda subcoronata A. Smith, 1843, Illustr. Zool. S. Africa,
Aves, pl. 90, fig. 2 and text+— arid districts on both coasts
of the Cape Colony.
Certhilauda falcirostris Reichenow, 1916, Journ. f. Orn., 64, p.
161 — Port Nolloth, Cape Province.
Certhilauda falciformis Reichenow, Sclater, 1924, Syst. Av.
Ethiop., pt. 1, p. 318, note 2. Lapsus.
Certhilauda curvirostris brevirostris Roberts, 1941, Ostrich, 11,
p. 129 — Zoetendals Vallei, Bredasdorp district, near Cape
Agulhas, Cape Province.
Coast of southwestern Cape Province from region south of the
Orange River near Port Nolloth southward to the Cape of Good
Hope and eastward to the vicinity of George.
Certhilauda curvirostris curvirostris (Hermann)
Alauda curvirostris Hermann, 1783, Tabl. Affin. Anim., p. 216 —
Cape of Good Hope, ex Buffon, 5, p. 65.
Certhilauda subcoronata gilli Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
18, p. 260 — Nieuveldt Mts. above Beaufort West.
Western Cape Province, from the eastern edge of coastal regions
(range of subcoronata) eastward, south of the Orange River, to the
neighborhood of the Caledon River and southward.
Certhilauda curvirostris semitorquata Smith
Certhilauda semitorquata A.Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr.
Africa, app., p. 47 — “inhabits the eastern province of the
Colony and the country immediately about the Orange River’’.
Certhilauda rufopalliata Lafresnaye, 1836, Mag. Zool., cl. 2, pl.
59 — Cape of Good Hope.
Certhilauda daviesi Gunning and Roberts, 1911, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 3, p. 114 — Matatiele, Griqualand East.
Certhilauda semitorquata transvaalensis Roberts, 1936, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus., 18, p. 261 — Olifantshoek, Rustenburg district,
Transvaal.
Eastern Bechuanaland (Vryburg) and Transvaal from the Dra-
kensberg southward through Griqualand and Orange Free State to
the Albany district of Cape Province, Basutoland and the Natal
uplands.
1 The text is headed Brachonyx pyrrhonotha (Vieillot).
26 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
CERTHILAUDA ALBESCENS
Karroo and Red-backed Larks
Certhilauda albescens erythrochlamys (Strickland)
Alauda erythrochlamys Strickland, 1853, in Jardine’s Contr. Orn.
for 1852, p. 151 — Damaraland, coastal belt near Walvis Bay.
Desert from Walvis Bay soutward to the Koichab River near Aus.
Certhilauda albescens barlowi (Roberts)
Pseudammomanes barlowi Roberts, 1937, Ostrich, 8, p. 95 — eight
miles west of Aus, South West Africa.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.
Certhilauda albescens cavei Macdonald
Certhilauda albescens caver Macdonald, 1953, Bull. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.), 1, no. 11, p. 344 — 5 miles southwest of Witputs,
Great Namaqualand; 27° 35’ south, 16° 42’ east, 4,000 ft.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.
Certhilauda albescens patae Macdonald
Certhilauda albescens patae Macdonald, 1953, Bull. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.), 1, no. 11, p.344— Grootderm, Orange River,
Little Namaqualand [Gray phase].
Known only from the region of mouth of the Orange River on
the south bank, extending southward about ten miles.
Certhilauda albescens saldanhae (Roberts)
Calendulauda albascens saldanhae Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 18, p. 258 — Saldanha Bay, Cape Province.
Coast of western Cape Province from the vicinity of MacDougall
Bay and Port Nolloth southward to the vicinity of the Berg River
(St. Helena Bay).
Certhilauda albescens albescens (Lafresnaye)
Alauda albescens Lafresnaye, 1839, Rev. Zool., p. 259 — Blauw
Berg, South Africa. [Gray phase].
Alauda codea A. Smith, 1843, Illustr. Zool. S. Africa, Aves, pl.
87, fig. 1 and text — Karroo plains between the Oliphant and
Orange rivers.
Southwestern Cape Province along the coast from Berg River
and Saldanha Bay southward to the vicinity of Capetown.
Certhilauda albescens guttata (Lafresnaye)
Alauda albescens guttata Lafresnaye, 1839, Rev. Zool., p. 259 —
Oliphant River, South Africa. [Red phase].
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE Pail
Alauda lagepa A. Smith, 1843, Ilustr. Zool. 8. Africa, Aves, pl.
87, fig. 2 and text — between the Berg and Orange rivers.
Calendulauda albescens karruensis Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 18, p. 258 —de Aar, Cape Province.
Calendulauda guttata calviniensis Roberts, 1937, Ostrich, 8, p. 97
—15 miles east of Calvinia, Cape Province.
Western Cape Province (excluding coastal regions) from eastern
Namaqualand (Springbok) eastward to central Cape Province (de
Aar) and southward to the neighborhood of the coastal ranges
(Swellendam).
CERTHILAUDA ALBOFASCIATA
Spike-heeled Lark?
Certhilauda albofasciata obscurata Hartert
Certhilauda albofasciata obscurata Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 19, p. 83 — Bulu-bulu, Bihé district, Northern Angola.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality and the vicinity
of Vila Luso, about 200 miles to the eastward.
Certhilauda albofasciata erikssoni Hartert
Certhilauda albofasciata erikssoni Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 19, p. 82 — Okahokahana, Etosha Pan, Ovamboland.
Northern South West Africa in Outjo and Ovampo district of
Ovamboland.
Certhilauda albofasciata kalahariae Ogilvie-Grant
Certhilauda kalahariae Ogilvie-Grant, 1912, Ibis, p. 375 — Lehu-
tutu, 3,000 feet, Kalahari.
Central and western Kalahari desert.
Certhilauda albofasciata boweni de Schauensee
Certhilauda albofasciata boweni de Schauensee, 1931, (Jan.), Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 83, p. 5 — Spitz Koppji, 15 miles
west of Usakos, South West Africa.
Chersomanes albofasciata namibensis Roberts, 1931, (July), Ann.
Transvaal Mus., 14, p. 243 — Ebody siding, South West Africa.
East central South West Africa, near Walvis Bay, in the vicinity
of Swakopmund, Karibib and Omaruru.
Certhilauda albofasciata arenaria Reichenow
Certhilauda albofasciata arenaria Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Afr., 3,
pt. 1, p. 349 (in key), p. 354 — Great Namaqualand; Rehoboth;
Kalahari; Kransnes; type from Rehoboth, South West Africa.
1 This species involves many small populations differing slightly from
their neighbors. Names for these would have little significance.
28 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Chersomanes albofasciata barbiensis Roberts, 1937, Ostrich, 8, p.
99 — Barbi Farm, Helmeringshausen, Great Namaqualand.
Great Namaqualand from Windhoek and Gobabis southward to
Upington, Kenhardt and Prieska.
?Certhilauda albofasciata meinertzhageni Macdonald
Certhilauda albofasciata meinertzhageni Macdonald, 1953, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, 122, pt. 4, p. 1000 — Pofadder, Cape Pro-
vince.
Known only from the type locality. Intermediate between arenaria
and garrula.
Certhilauda albofasciata bradfieldi (Roberts)
Chersomanes albofasciata bradfieldi Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 28 — Langklip, Great Namaqualand.
Certhilauda albofasciata baddeleyi Clancey, 1957, Durban Mus.
Novit., 5, pt. 4, p. 43 — Rietfontein, Niekerkshoop-Griquatown
road, Asbestos Mountains, northern Cape Province, South
Africa.
Northern Cape Province (vicinity of the type locality, sixty miles
west of Upington and Asbestos Mountains, Griqualand West).
Certhilauda albofasciata garrula A. Smith
Certhilauda garrula A. Smith, 1846, Illustr. Zool. 8. Africa, Aves,
pl. 106, fig. 1 — northern Cape Province = Van Rhynsdorp (fide
Macdonald).
Chersomanes albofasciata bushmanensis Roberts, 1937, Ostrich, 8,
p. 99 — border of Bushman Flats and Little Namaqualand on
the road from Goodhouse to Steinkopf.
Certhilauda albofasciata calviniensis Roberts, 1937, Ostrich, 8, p.
100 — 35 miles east of Calvinia on the Brandvlei road, Cape
Province.
Northern Namaqualand (Steinkopf, Springbok) eastward to the
headwaters of the Hartebeest River, Victoria West and Middleburg,
southward to the vicinity of Van Rhynsdorp, Calvinia, Laingsburg
and Aberdeen.
Certhilauda albofasciata alticola (Roberts)
Chersomanes albofasciata alticola Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 28 — van Wyk Mine, Boksburg, Transvaal.
¢Chersomanes albofasciata subpallida Roberts, 1932, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus., 15, p. 29 — Marabastad, Pieterburg district, Trans-
vaal.
Southern Transvaal (near Johannesburg) and northern Orange
Free State.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 29
Certhilauda albofasciata albofasciata Lafresnaye
Certhilauda albofasciata Lafresnaye, 1836, Mag. Zool., p. 3, pl. 58
— Cape of Good Hope = Deelfontein (fide Macdonald, 1953).
Central and eastern Cape Province from the headwaters of the
Hartebeest River and Prieska (where intergrades occur) eastward
in the southern Orange Free State and southward to the coast
between Port Elizabeth and East London.
Certhilauda albofasciata robertsi Macdonald
Certhilauda albofasciata robertsi Macdonald, 1953, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 122, pt. 4, p. 1003 — Fountains, near Pretoria.
Known only from south-central Transvaal (Rustenberg, Middle-
burg and Caroline).
GENUS EREMOPTERIX Kaup
Eremopterix Kaup, 1836, Das Thierreich, 2, Th. 1, p. 139, in text.
Type, by subsequent designation, Fringilla otoleuca Temminck
= Alauda melanocephala Lichtenstein (Bianchi, 1907, Bull.
Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg (5), (1906), 25, p. 29).
cf. Lynes, 1924, Ibis, p. 703-705.
EREMOPTERIX AUSTRALIS
Eremopterix australis (A. Smith)
Megalotis australis A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa,
p. 49 — country along the Orange River.
Damaraland and western Transvaal, south to Little Namaqua-
land and and central Cape Province (Beaufort west; Deelfontein).
EREMOPTERIX LEUCOTIS
Eremopterix leucotis melanocephala (Lichtenstein)
Alauda melanocephala Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, p. 28 — Nubia and Senegambia = Nubia.
Pyrrhulauda lacteidorsalis Shelley, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13,
p. 73 — Khartoum.
African semi-arid belt from Senegal, French Sudan (north to
about lat. 18° N.), Niger (north to about Ain), Darfur, Kordofan,
and the Nile Valley (north to Berber), south to Gambia, the hinter-
land of Gold Coast (Ghana), Togo, and Nigeria, northern Cameroons
and Khartoum.
Eremopterix leucotis leucotis (Stanley)
Loxia leucotis Stanley, 1814, in Salt’s Voyage Abyssinia, app.,
p. 60 — Ethiopia.
Upper White Nile from Fashoda, and southern Eritrea south
through western and central Ethiopia.
30 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Eremopterix leucotis madaraszi (Reichenow)
Pyrrhulauda leucotis madaraszi Reichenow, 1902, Orn. Monatsb.,
10, p. 78 — East Africa.
Southern Gallaland and southern Somalia (Obbia) southward
through the coastal districts of Kenya Colony (including Manda
Island) and the drier parts of Tanganyika to the region north of
Lake Nyasa and northern Mozambique (Lurio Sul); this is perhaps
the form ranging to the Loita Plains and northeastern Uganda.
Eremopterix leucotis smithi (Bonaparte)
Pyrrhulauda smithi Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1, p. 512 —
South Africa = country along the Orange River, ex Smith,
Ill. Orn. South Africa, pl. 26.
South Africa from Ovamboland, the upper Zambezi Valley,
southern Nyasaland, and central Mozambique (Tete), south to
central Cape Province (Colesberg) and Zululand.
EREMOPTERIX SIGNATA
Eremopterix signata harrisoni (Ogilvie-Grant)
Pyrrhulauda harrisoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1901, Ibis, p. 286, pl. 7 —
south end of Lake Rudolf, 1,800 feet.
Eremopterix leucopareia caver Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1941,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 61, p. 62 — Nataparapoth, Atoporos Hills,
Eastern District, Equatorial Sudan.t
Southeastern Sudan from the Atoporos Hills to Lake Rudolf and
the Turkana District of Kenya Colony.
Eremopterix signata signata (Oustalet)
Pyrrhulauda signata Oustalet, 1886, Bibl. Ecole Haut. Etud., 31,
art. 10, p. 9 — Somaliland.
Kastern Ethiopia and British Somaliland south through Gallaland
and Somalia to Kenya Colony (Lorian Swamp; northern foot-hills
of Mt. Kenya).
EREMOPTERIX VERTICALIS
Eremopterix verticalis verticalis (A. Smith)
Megalotis verticalis A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Africa,
p. 48 — Country both sides of the Orange River.
Western Transvaal and Orange Free State south to central Cape
Province, and north to Damaraland; coastal Angola and Loango
just beyond the Congo River.
Eremopterix verticalis damarensis Roberts
1 For note on systematic position and range see Cave, 1949, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 69, p. 108.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 31
Eremopteryx verticalis damarensis Roberts, 1931, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 14, p. 243 — Gobabis, South West Africa.
South West Africa from Etosha Pan south to Kubub; north-
western Bechuanaland (northeast of Ghanzi).
?Eremopterix verticalis khama Irwin
Eremopteryx verticalis khama Irwin, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 77,
p. 87 — Makirikiri Pan, northern Bechuanaland.
Known only from the type locality.
EREMOPTERIX NIGRICEPS
Eremopterix nigriceps nigriceps (Gould)
Pyrrhalauda [sic] nigriceps Gould, 1841, in Darwin, Zool. Voy.
‘Beagle’, pt. 3, p. 87 — Sao Tiago, Cape Verde Islands.
Coraphites albifrons Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7,
p. 127 — Nubia or Sennar.
Pyrrhulauda modesta Finsch, 1864, Journ. f. Orn., 12, p. 412 —
Canary Islands; error — Cape Verde Islands.
Pyrrhulauda frontalis Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1, [pt. 2],
p. 512 — Nubia, ex Lichtenstein ms.
Pyrrhulauda butleri Shelley, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, p. 73
— twenty miles west of Omdurman.
Cape Verde Islands (Santo Antao, Boa Vista, Sao Tiago, Maio)
and a narrow belt across northern Africa from French Sudan (in
Alahy; Tabonéshat; Bouran; Gao), Niger (Agadeés; Tillia; Tawa;
Zinder) eastward through Darfur and Kordofan to the Nile Valley,
north to about Shendi.
Eremopterix nigriceps melanauchen (Cabanis)
Coraphites melanauchen Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., Th. 1, p.
124 — Africa = Dahalach Island, Red Sea.
Pyrrhulauda sincipitalis Blyth, 1867, Ibis, p. 185 — Aden.
Northern Egypt (Wadi Natron), Kassala Province of the Sudan,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, British Somaliland, Somalia south to the Juba
River; Dahalach Island, Socotra Island, Arabia, southern Iraq,
Persian Baluchistan to northwestern India.
Eremopterix nigriceps affinis (Blyth)
Pyrrhulauda affinis Blyth, 1867, Ibis, p. 185 — Madras Presi-
dency; error = Sind.
Mekran coast and northwestern India in Sind Bahawalpur (Ha-
runabad), Punjab (Hissar), and Rajputana to the extreme western
part of the United Provinces (Muttra on the Jumna River).
32 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
EREMOPTERIX GRISEA
Eremopterix grisea (Scopoli)
Alauda grisea Scopoli, 1786, Del Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fase. 2,
p. 95 —no locality = Ginge, South Arcot District, India.
Pyrrhulauda grisea siccata 'Ticehurst, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
45, p. 87 — Deesa, Rajputana.
Eremopterix grisea ceylonensis Whistler, 1934, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 38, p. 105 — eight miles south of Paletupani,
east coast of Ceylon.
The greater part of India from the Northwest Frontier Provinces
to Assam and eastern Bengal, southward; Ceylon.
EREMOPTERIX LEUCOPAREIA
Eremopterix leucopareia (Fischer and Reichenow)
Coraphites leucopareia Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn.,
32, p. 55 — Little Arusha. |
Northeastern Uganda, the western shores of Lake Victoria and
northern Kenya Colony south to the Tabora and Kilosa districts
of Kenya Colony, the Rukwa depression and northern Nyasaland.
Genus AMMOMANES Capsanis
Ammomanes Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., Th. 1 (1850), p. 125.
Type, by original designation, Ammomanes pallida Cabanis (ex
Alauda pallida Licht. ms.) = Alauda arenicolor Sundevall.
Pseudammomanes Bianchi, 1904, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Péters-
bourg (4), 21, p. 231, 241. Type, by original designation, Alauda
ferruginea Smith not Alauda ferruginea Voigt = Ammomanes
burra Bangs.
Ammomanopsis Bianchi, 1904, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Péters-
bourg (4), 21, p. 232, 241. Type, by original designation and
monotypy, Alauda grayt Wahlberg.
Ammomanoides Bianchi, 1904, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Péters-
bourg (4), 21, p. 232, 241. Type, by original designation, Mira-
fra phoenicuroides Blyth.
Eremalauda Sclater, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, p. 28. Type,
by original designation, Calendula dunni Shelley.
AMMOMANES CINCTURUS
Black-tailed Sand Lark
Ammomanes cincturus cincturus (Gould)
Melanocorypha cinctura Gould, 1841, in Darwin, Zool. Voy.
‘Beagle’, pt. 3, p. 87 = Sao Tiago, Cape Verde Islands.
Cape Verde Islands: Sao Tiago, Sal, Boa Vista, Maio.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 33
Ammomanes cincturus arenicolor (Sundevall)
Alauda arenicolor Sundevall, 1851, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Férh., 7
(1850), p. 128 — “‘in arenosis Aegypti inferioris vel Arabiae
petraeae”; type from Lower Egypt, fide Gyldenstolpe.
Ammomanes phoenicura pallens Le Roi, 1912, Orn. Monatsb., 20,
p. 6 — Bayuda plains, Dongola.
Ammomanes cinctura kinneari Bates, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
55, p. 140 — 50 miles south of Omdurman. Not Hremalauda
kinneart Bates, tom. cit., p. 19.
Deserts of northern Africa from Morocco to Egypt and south to
the Tuareg country, French Niger Province (Agadés), the Sudan
and the Red Sea Province; Sinai Peninsula; Arabia north to about
lat. 30° N. and south to the Yemen-Hadhramaut boundary.
Ammomanes cincturus zarudnyi Hartert
Ammomanes cinctura zarudnyi Hartert, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
12, p. 43 — Mujnabad, eastern Iran.
Ammomanes heterura Madarasz, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11, p. 91
— Mudschun-Abad [= Mujnabad], Iran.
Deserts of eastern Iran, and Baluchistan; Sind (Sehwan); Afghani-
stan (Lab-i-Baring).
AMMOMANES PHOENICURUS
Ammomanes phoenicurus phoenicurus (Franklin)
Mirafra phoenicura Franklin, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 1 (1830), p. 119 — on the Ganges between Calcutta
and Benares or the Vindhya Hills between Benares and Gurrah
Mundela on the Narbudda; Hartert (1904) accepts the latter
place as type locality.
Northern India from the Rann of Cutch to eastern Bengal, north
to the Ganges and south to about lat. 16° N.
Ammomanes phoenicurus testaceus Koelz
Ammomanes phoenicurus testaceus Koelz, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1510, p. 3 — Salem, Madras Presidency.
Drier portions of the Indian Peninsula from about lat. 16° N.,
south to Mysore and Travancore.
AMMOMANES DESERTI
Sand Lark
Ammomanes deserti payni Hartert
Ammomanes deserti payni Hartert, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 45,
p. 36 — Figuig, Morocco.
34 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Morocco south of the Atlas nearly to the Sous Valley, and east-
ward into southern Algeria.
Ammomanes deserti algeriensis Sharpe
Ammomanes algeriensis Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., 13,
p. 645 —“‘Algerian Sahara ranging into Nubia’’; probably
Dait-el-Hossi, fide Meinertzhagen.
Algeria (except southwestern) and Tunisia, south of the Atlas
and extending into western Tripolitania.
Ammomanes deserti whitakeri Hartert
Ammomanes deserti whitakeri Hartert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
27, p. 46 — Koshby, Djebel Soda, Tripolitania.
Confined to the Gebel es Soda in central Tripolitania.
Ammomanes deserti mya Hartert
Ammomanes desertt mya Hartert, 1912, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(8), 10, p. 230 — Oued Mya [between Fort Miribel and In Salah
about 50 km. southeast of the former locality], Algerian Sahara.
Ammomanes deserti intermedia Heim de Balsac, 1925, Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Paris, 31, p. 139, 141 — Hammada du Tadmait, near
El Golea, Algerian Sahara.
Mid-Algerian Sahara from El Golea south to the northern slopes
of the Ahaggar Mts.
Ammomanes deserti janeti Meinertzhagen
Ammomanes deserti janeti Meinertzhagen, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 53, p. 151 — Oued Tamanrasset, 5,200 ft., Ahaggar Plateau.
Southern Algeria at elevations between 4,500 and 5,200 feet in
the Ahaggar Mts.
Ammomanes deserti geyri Hartert
Ammomanes deserti geyri Hartert, 1924, Novit. Zool., 31, p. 41 —
Farak, Damergou, southern Sahara.
Ammomanes deserti bensoni Meinertzhagen, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 53, p. 151 — Tamsnigat, 6,800 ft., Ahaggar Plateau, 170 km.
north of Zinder.
Ammomanes deserti monodi Dekeyser and Villiers, 1950, Bull. Inst.
Frang. Afrique Noire, 12, p. 672 — Iriji, Mauretania.
Ahaggar Mountains (6,800-7,400 ft.) of southern Algeria, Mau-
retania, French West Africa and Northern Nigeria from the Damer-
gou country southward to Kano and westward to Tillia Wells, 100
miles NNW of Wawa.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 345)
Ammomanes deserti kollmanspergeri Niethammer
Ammomanes deserti kollmanspergeri Niethammer, 1955, Bonn.
Zool. Beitr., 6, p. 59 — 20 km. east of Fada, French Equato-
rial Africa.
Ennedi mountians in red sandstone country.
Ammomanes deserti deserti (Lichtenstein)
Alauda deserti Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl. Zool. Mus. Berlin,
p- 28 — upper Egypt; Aswan designated as type locality by
Meinertzhagen, 1951.
Ammomanes deserti Mirei Berlioz, 1950, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, Ser. 2, 22, p. 211 — southeast slope Mt. Koussi, 3,000
metres, Tibesti.
Libya (Tibesti), Egypt in the Nile Valley from about Qena south-
ward through Luxor, Aswan and Wadi Halfa to the extreme northern
Sudan; Quseir on the Red Sea.
Ammomanes deserti erythrochrous Reichenow
Ammomanes lusitana erythrochroa Reichenow, 1904, Journ. f.
Orn., 52, p. 307 — Ambukol, Dongola.
The Sudan from the Dongola bend of the Nile southward to
Khartoum, Shendi and Darfur.
Ammomanes deserti isabellinus (Temminck)
Alauda isabellina Temminck, 1823, Pl. Col., livr. 41, pl. 244,
fig. 2 — deserts of Aqaba, Arabia.
Ammomanes deserti fraterculus Tristram, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 434 — highlands near the Dead Sea, Palestine.
Restricted to Masada by Meinertzhagen.
Ammomanes deserti katherinae Zedlitz, 1912, Journ. f. Orn., 60,
p. 543 — Nakb-el-Haui, 1,600 meters, Sinai.
Ammomanes deserti coxi Meinertzhagen, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
44, p. 15 — Karyatein, 40 mi. east Damascus.
Egypt in the Dakhla Oasis, and between Cairo and Suez, occurring
also in the Sudan at Wadi Halfa, Kerma, and Shereik; Arabia from
the head of the Gulf of Aqaba eastward for about 500 miles, Syrian
desert, Palestine, Sinai Peninsula, also recorded from northeastern
Arabia in lat. 24° N., long. 47° E.
Ammomanes deserti samharensis Shelley
Ammomanes samharensis Shelley, 1902, Birds Africa, 3, p. 99,
pl. 21, fig. 1 — Amba [near Massaua], Eritrea.
Ammomanes deserti hijazensis Bates, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
56, p. 8 — Hadda, Arabia.
36 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Red Sea Province of the Sudan to the Eritrean foothills; Arabia
from Hail and Tebruk in the northwest; south to the Hijaz and the
Yemen border.
Ammomanes deserti taimuri de Schauensee and Ripley
Ammomanes deserti taimuri de Schauensee and Ripley, 1953,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 105, p. 83 — near Muscat,
Oman, S. E. Arabia.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.
Ammomanes deserti assabensis Salvadori.
Ammomanes assabensis Salvadori, 1902, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. Torino, 17, no. 425, p. 2— Assab, Danakil Coast.
Southeastern Eritrea and the coast of French Somaliland to
extreme western British Somaliland.
Ammomanes deserti akeleyi Elliot
Ammomanes akeleyi Elliot, 1897, Field Columbian Mus. Publ. Orn.,
Ser. 1, no. 2, p. 39 — Deragodlet and Hullier, [Berbera Plains],
British Somaliland.
Somalia at higher elevations.
Ammomanes deserti azizi Ticehurst and Cheesman
Ammomanes deserti azizi Ticehurst and Cheesman, 1924, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 45, p. 20 — Jabal Ghanima, Hasa Province, east
central Arabia.
Known only from the type locality, where it inhabits chalky sand-
stone hills.
Ammomanes deserti saturatus Ogilvie-Grant
Ammomanes saturatus Ogilvie-Grant, 1900, Novit. Zool., 7, p.249
— Jebel Manif, north of Lahej, Aden Protectorate.
Black lava desert from the northern Hijaz in the vicinity of Birq,
to the Aden Protectorate.
Ammomanes deserti annae Meinertzhagen
Ammomanes deserti annae Meinertzhagen, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 43, p. 147 — 30 miles east of Azraq, Transjordan.
Transjordan in black lava deserts.
Ammomanes deserti insularis Ripley
Ammomanes deserti insularis Ripley, 1951 (May 10), Postilla, Yale
Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist., no. 9, p. 6— Bahrein Island, Per-
sian Gulf.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 357/
Ammomanes deserti faenorum Meinertzhagen, 1951 (May 22), Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, 121, p. 131 — Bahrein Island.
Known only from Bahrein Island.
Ammomanes deserti cheesmani Meinertzhagen
Ammomanes deserti cheesmani Meinertzhagen, 1923, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 43, p. 157 — Shatt-al-Adhaim, Iraq.
Eastern Iraq (Shatt-al-Adhain; Noft Khaneh), and western Iran
on the southwestern side of the Zagros south to the Persian Gulf
near Bushire.
Ammomanes deserti parvirostris Hartert
Ammomanes lusitanica parvirostris Hartert, 1890, Journ. f. Orn.,
38, p. 156 —“‘Aschabat”’; error, the types are from Kubadagh
near Krasnovodsk, fide Hartert, 1904.
Transcaspia from the Gulf of Kara Bogaz to the Kopet Dagh
and the Atrek Basin.
Ammomanes deserti orientalis Zarudny and Loudon
Ammomanes deserti orientalis Zarudny and Loudon, 1904, Orn.
Jahrb., 15, p. 224 — low hills in southwestern Buchara and
also the low hills on the Kuschk River; sporadic in the north-
eastern corner of Iran.
Transcaspia (Kuchka), northern Khorasan, southern Bokhara,
northern Afghanistan, and Afghan Turkestan.
Ammomanes deserti iranicus Zarudny
Ammomanes deserti iranica Zarudny, 1911, Mess. Orn. [Moscow],
2, p. 10 — eastern Iran, based on Ammomanes deserti subsp.
nov.? of Hartert, 1904, p. 224; type locality fixed as Hurmuk,
Persian Baluchistan by Vaurie.
Ammomanes deserti darica Koelz, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1510, p. 2— Shiraz, Fars, southern Iran.
Northern, southwestern and southeastern Iran from near Teheran
and south of the Atrek, southeastward to about lat. 28° N. and the
Baluchistan coast, west to the region west of Tabas and Saidobad,
and east to southern Afghanistan and central Baluchistan.
Ammomanes deserti phoenicuroides (Blyth)
Mirafra phoenicuroides Blyth, 1853, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
22, p. 583 — Kashmir.
Borders of western India from southern Kashmir, northwestern
Punjab and Bahawalpur to Sind, west to Fort Sandeman and Las
Bela, intergrading with iranicus in the Kandahar-Quetta region.
4
38 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
AMMOMANES DUNNI
Ammomanes dunni dunni (Shelley)
Calendula dunni Shelley, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 82 —
Ogageh Wells, Kordofan.
Calendula dunni pallidior Hartert, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28, p. 130
— Takukut, French Sahara.
Southern Sahara from the French Sudan (north of Timbuktu;
Toberréshat) eastward through southern Air and the Damergou
country north of Kano to Darfur and the deserts west of Kosti
on the White Nile.
Ammomanes dunni eremodites (Meinertzhagen)
Pyrrhulauda eremodites Meinertzhagen, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
43, p. 156 — Sheikh Othman, Aden Protectorate.
Eremalauda kinneari Bates, 1934, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 55, p. 19 —
Rakba Plain, near Mecca, Arabia.
Deserts of southwestern Arabia from slightly north of Mecca
to Aden.
AMMOMANES GRAYI
Gray’s Lark
Ammomanes grayi grayi (Wahlberg)
Alauda grayi Wahlberg, 1855 (1856), Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh.
12, p. 213 — between the Kuiseb River and the Swakop River,
Damaraland.
South West Africa in the Namib Desert from Cape Cross south
to about Liideritz and Aus.
Ammomanes grayi hoeschi Niethammer
Ammomanes grayi hoeschi Niethammer, 1955, Bonn. Zool. Beitr.,
6, p. 185 —west of Orupembe, N.W. Kaoko-Veldt, South
West Africa.
Known only from the type locality, north of Cape Cross.
AMMOMANES BURRUS
Ferrugineous Lark
Ammomanes burrus Bangs
Alauda ferruginea Lafresnaye, 1839, Rev. Zool., p. 258 — South
Africa. Not Alauda ferruginea Voigt, 1831.
Alauda ferruginea A. Smith, 1839, Illust. Zool. South Africa,
Aves, pl. 29 and text — Bushman Flats, south of the Orange
River.
Ammomanes burra Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p.368.
New name for Alauda ferruginea Lafresnaye, preoccupied.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 39
Pseudammomanes burra aridula Roberts, 1937, Ostrich, 8, p. 95
— 25 miles southeast of Van Wyksvlei, Cape Province.
Pseudammomanes harei Roberts, 1937, Ostrich, 8, p. 96 — Bran-
dvlei, Cape Province.
South Africa in Bushmanland, south of the Orange River from
Pofadder and Brandvlei to Van Wyksvlei and Klein Karas in south-
west Africa.
GreNnus ALAEMON KeEYSERLING AND BLASIUS
Alaemon Keyserling and Blasius, 1840, Wirbelth. Europas, 1
p. xxvi. Type, by monotypy, Alauda desertorum Stanley.
?
ALAEMON ALAUDIPES
Alaemon alaudipes boavistae Hartert
Alaemon alaudipes boavistae Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
37, p. 56 — Boavista, Cape Verde Islands.
Islands of Boavista and Maio in the Cape Verde group.
Alaemon alaudipes alaudipes (Desfontaine)
Upupa alaudipes Desfontaine, 1789, Mém. Acad. Sci. Paris for
1787, p. 504, pl. 16 — between Gafsa and Tozzer, Tunisia.
Certhilauda meridionalis A. E. Brehm, 1854, Journ. f. Orn., 2,
p. 77 — Dongola.
Alaemon alaudipes omdurmanensis Hachisuka, 1924, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 44, p. 86 — Omdurman, Sudan.
The Sahara from Morocco and Rio de Oro eastward to the Nile
Valley, Sinai and northern Arabia south to about the latitude of
Mecca, and extending northward into the Syrian desert.
Alaemon alaudipes doriae (Salvadori)
Saxicola(?) pallida Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16,
p. 180 — Ullah Bund, Sind. Not Sazicola pallida Cretzschmar,
1826.
Certhilauda doriae Salvadori, 1868, Atti. R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 3,
p. 292 — Persia = Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Certhilauda desertorum var. cinerea Zarudny, 1903-04, Ois. Perse
Orient., p. 188 — eastern Persia.
Iraq and eastern Arabia (intergrading with A.a.alaudipes in
these countries), Iran north to Khorasan, Afghanistan, Baluchistan,
western Punjab (Bahawalpur), Sind and Cutch.
Alaemon alaudipes desertorum (Stanley)
Alauda desertorum Stanley, 1814, in Salt’s Voyage Abyssinia,
app., p. lx —no locality = Hamphilah Island, Red Sea. ez.
op. cit., app., p. xlix.
4*
40 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Both coasts of the Red Sea from about the latitude of Port
Sudan on the west, and from Jidda on the east to the Aden Protecto-
rate, extending along the coast of British Somaliland to Berbera.
ALAEMON HAMERTONI
Alaemon hamertoni tertia Stephenson Clarke
Alaemon hamertoni tertia Stephenson Clarke, 1919, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 40, p. 49 — Arori Plain, 3,000 feet, British Somaliland.
Plains of east-central British Somaliland near Burao.
Alaemon hamertoni altera Witherby
Alaemon hamertoni altera Witherby, 1905, Ibis, p. 513 — El Af-
weena, Warsangli country, British Somaliland.
The Warsangli country in northeastern British Somaliland.
Alaemon hamertoni hamertoni Witherby
Alaemon hamertoni Witherby, 1905, Ibis, p. 513 — Obbia, east
coast of Somaliland.
Southeastern coast of Somalia.
GENUS RAMPHOCORIS Bonaparte
Ramphocoris! Bonaparte, 1850, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
31, p. 423. Type, by monotypy, Melanocorypha clot-bey Bona-
parte.
cf. Meinertzhagen, 1930, in Nicoll’s Birds Egypt, 1, p. 132 and
col. pl.
RAMPHOCORIS CLOT-BEY
Ramphocoris clot-bey (Bonaparte)
Melanocorypha clot-bey Bonaparte (ex Alauda clot-bey Tem-
minck ms.), 1850 (prior to 24 June), Consp. Av., 1, p. 242 —
Egyptian Desert.
Locally distributed along the northern edge of the Sahara in
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia (north to Feriana and the Sfax-Gofsa
railway), Tripolitania, southern Cyrenaica and northern Egypt
(rarely); the Syrian desert (El Jauf), and northern Arabia south to
about lat. 25° N.
GEeNuS MELANOCORYPHA Bolg
Melanocorypha Boie, 1828, Isis von Oken, 21, col. 322. Type, by
subsequent designation, M. tatarica (L.) Boie, Mus. Carls., fase.
j., pl. 19 — Alauda tatarica Pallas = Alauda yeltoniensis Forster
(G. R. Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, p. 48).
1 Usually emended to Rhamphocorys.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 41
Saxilauda Lesson, 1837, Compl. Oeuvres Buffon, 8, Ois., p. 124,
note. Type, by monotypy, “Le Tracal”’ of Levaillant, Ois. Afr.,
pl. 191 = Alauda yeltoniensis Forster.
Pallasia Homeyer, 1873, Journ. f. Orn., 21, p. 190. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, P. mongolica — Alauda mongolica Pallas
(Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874, p. 635). Not Pallasia
Desvoidy, 1830, Diptera.
Pterocorys Stejneger, 1884, Auk, 1, p. 228. New name for Pallasia
Homeyer, preoccupied.
Melanocoryphoides Bianchi, 1905, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Péters-
bourg (5), 23, p. 222. Type, by original designation, Melano-
corypha maxima Gould, 7.e. Blyth.
MELANOCORYPHA CALANDRA
Calandra Lark
Melanocorypha calandra calandra (Linnaeus)
Alauda calandra Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 288 —
Pyrenees.
Melanocorypha calandra hebraica Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 21 — Jenin, Palestine.
Melanocorypha calandra schummeri Shcharleman (or Charle-
magne), 1927, Trav. Mus. Zool. Kiev, Acad. Sci. Ukraine, 3,
p. 173 — Danilovka, Kiev, Russia.
Melanocorypha calandra olgae Gavrilenko, 1928, Zbirnik Pol-
tavs’kii [Poltava] Mus., 1, p. 277 — Zolotnocha, Poltava, South
Russia.
Breeds in the countries bordering, and islands in the Mediter-
ranean Sea, north to the Pyrenees, southern France, central Italy,
Balkan Peninsula and southern Russia, east to the Caspian Sea,
northern Caucasus, western and northwestern Iran, Syria and Pale-
stine, south to Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia; partly
migratory in the northern parts of its range.
Melanocorypha calandra psammochroa Hartert
Melanocorypha calandra psammochroa Hartert, 1904 (June), Vog.
pal. Fauna, 1, Heft 2, p. 210 — Dur-Badom, Khorasan, Iran.
Melanocorypha calandra raddei Zarudny and Loudon, 1904 (Nov.),
Orn. Jahrb., 15, p. 221 — southwestern Persia.
Breeds from Transcaspia and Russian Turkestan (north to the
lower Syr Darya and the Ala Tau), south to southwestern and eastern
Iran, and Afghanistan; winter visitor to northern Egypt and Sinai.
Melanocorypha calandra gaza Meinertzhagen
Melanocorypha bimaculata gaza Meinertzhagen, 1919, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 39, p. 84 — Shellal, near Beersheba, Palestine.
42 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeding range unknown; known only from the original type
series from Shellal, and Amman in Jordan.
MELANOCORYPHA BIMACULATA
Melanocorypha bimaculata bimaculata (Ménétriés)
Alauda bimaculata Ménétriés, 1832, Catalogue Raisonné, p. 37 —
mountains near Talysh, Transcaucasia.
’Melanocorypha intercedens Brehm, 1845, Isis von Oken, col.
343 — “‘Morgenland”’.
Breeds in southwestern Asia north to the Kirghiz Steppes and
Zaissan Nor and Tarbagatai (about 48° N x 88°W), south to Trans-
caucasia, northern and western Iran (south to Kirman). South to
northeastern Africa and northern Arabia in winter.
Melanocorypha bimaculata torquata Blyth
Melanocorypha torquata Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
16, p. 476 — Afghanistan.
Eastern Iran from Khorasan southward, Afghanistan; winters
south to Sind, Rajputana and the United Provinces.
Melanocorypha bimaculata rufescens Brehm
Melanocorypha rufescens C. L. Brehm, 1855, Vogelfang, p. 120 —
“in winter in the Sudan, on migration occasionally in south-
eastern Europe” = Sudan.
Melanocorypha bimaculata meinertzhageni Wolters, 1953, Bonn.
Zool. Beitr., 3, p. 281 — new name for rufescens Brehm.
Breeds in Asia Minor and probably in Syria on the Jebel Druze;
migrates through Jordan and Sinai. Winters in Ethiopia and the
Sudan.
MELANOCORYPHA MAXIMA
Melanocorypha maxima maxima Blyth
Melanocorypha maxima Blyth, 1867 (Jan.), Ibis, p. 46, note —
Afghanistan.
Melanocorypha maxima Gould, 1867 (May), Birds Asia, pt. 19,
pl. [8] and text = 4, pl. 72 of bound volume — Afghanistan ;
error, borders of Sikkim designated as type locality by Hartert,
1904, p. 211.
High plains of southern Tibet and adjacent parts of northern
Sikkim; western China in Province of Sikang (Kham Steppes).
Melanocorypha maxima holdereri Reichenow
Melanocorypha holdereri Reichenow, 1911, Orn. Monatsb., 19, p.
34 — “Kloster Schinse’ = Shinsi Lamasery, Kansu.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 43
Melanocorypha maxima subgrisea Stegmann, 1937, Orn. Monatsb.,
45, p. 55 — Oring Nor, source of the Hwang Ho.
Melanocorypha maxima flavescens Stegmann, 1937, Orn. Monatsb.,
45, p. 55 — Sharagol-dshin, Humboldt Chain, western Nan
Shan.
Melanocorypha maxima kashmirica Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 122 — Hanle, Rupshu, Kashmir.
High plains of central Asia from western Tibet (Gartok) north-
eastward to the region about Lake Koko Nor, and southward to
the Tsaidam marshes and near Jyekundo.
MELANOCORYPHA MONGOLICA
Melanocorypha mongolica (Pallas)
Alauda mongolica Pallas, 1776, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs.,
3, p. 697 — “salt plains between the Onon and Argun rivers’,
northern Mongolia.
Melanocorypha mongolica emancipata Meise, 1933, Mitt. Zool.
Mus. Berlin, 19, p. 44 — upper Sining-ho, northern Kansu.
Breeds from southeastern Transbaicalia and western Manchuria
southward across Mongolia to northeastern Tsinghai; believed to
have bred once near Peiping. Irregularly southward in winter to
northeastern China.
MELANOCORYPHA LEUCOPTERA
Melanocorypha leucoptera (Pallas)
Alauda sibirica Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p.799 —
Irtysh, Siberia.t
Alauda leucoptera Pallas, 1811, Zoogr. Russo-Asiat., 1, p. 518,
pl. 33, fig. 2— Baraba Steppes, Siberia.
Breeds from southeastern Russia (Gouv. of Saratov) eastward in
southwestern Siberia to Omsk, Semipalatinsk, and Zaissan Nor;
south to the northern Caucasus, Lake Balkhash, and Tarbagatai
(formerly sporadically westward to Voronezh and the Crimea).
Winters south to Asia Minor, Transcaspia and northern Iran.
MELANOCORYPHA YELTONIENSIS
Melanocorypha yeltoniensis (Forster)
Alauda yeltoniensis Forster, 1767, Philos. Trans., 57, p. 350 —
Lake Yelton [now Elton], southeastern Russia.
Tanagra siberica Sparrman, 1786, Mus. Carlsonianum, fasc. 1,
no. XIX and pl. — Siberia.
1 Under the International Code this name is not invalidated by Tanagra
siberica Sparrman, 1786, a synonym of Melanocorypha yeltoniensis (Forster).
44 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds on the steppes of southeastern Russia and southwestern
Siberia from the Kirghiz Steppes eastward to the Altai. Winters
about the Black Sea, the Caucasus, and in Turkestan.
GENuS CALANDRELLA Kavp
Calandrella Kaup, 1829, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Euro-
piaischen Thierw., p. 39. Type, by monotypy, Al. brachydactyla
= Alauda brachydactyla Leisler.
Alaudala Horsfield and Moore, 1856, Cat. Birds Mus. East-India
Co., 2, p.471. Type, by monotypy, Alauda raytal Blyth.
Spizocorys Sundevall, 1872, Meth. Nat. Av. Disp. Tentamen, p.
54. Type, by original designation, Alauda conirostris Sundevall.
Tephrocorys Sharpe, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1874), p. 633.
Type, by monotypy, Alauda cinerea Gmelin.
Botha Shelley, 1902, Birds Africa, 3, p. 104. Type, by monotypy,
Botha difficilis Shelley = Alauda fringillaris Sundevall.
Aéthocorys Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, p. 62. Type,
by original designation, Spizocorys personata Sharpe.
Dewetia Buturlin, 1904, Auk, 21, p. 80. New name for Botha Shel-
ley, supposedly preoccupied by Bothus Rafinesque, 1810, Pisces.
Razocorys Bianchi, 1905, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg,
(5), 23, Cl. Phys.-Math., p. 230. Type, by monotypy, Spizocorys
razae Alexander.
Pseudalaudula Bianchi, 1905, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peters-
bourg, (5), 23, Cl. Phys.-Math., p. 222. Type, by original
designation, Pseudalaudula pispoletta (Pallas) = Alauda pispo-
letta Pallas, ie. of authors, not of Pallas = Calandrites heinei
Homeyer.
cf. Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 59,
p. 136-137 (African races of cinerea).
Meise, 1933, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 19, p. 3442.
Macdonald, 1952, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 22, pt.1, p. 29-32
(T'ephrocorys cinerea subsp.).
CALANDRELLA CINEREA
Short-toed Lark
Calandrella cinerea dukhunensis (Sykes)
Alauda Dukhunensis Sykes, 1832, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 2, p. 98 — Dukhun, India.
Breeds in central Outer Mongolia from the Khangai, and the Tola
River, south through western Kansu and Sikang (Jyekundo; Tat-
sienlu) to Tibet; on migration! or in winter to Ladak, Nepal, Sikkim,
1 Two specimens in the U.S. National Museum from Chou Chi and Liu
yieh ho, Shensi, collected 13 and 25 April, 1904, respectively, are probably
migrants.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 45
northern Bihar, northern Burma, western Yunnan, India south to
the Central Provinces and Madras and the coast of China (Chin-
wangtao; Shaweishan Island).
Calandrella cinerea longipennis (Eversmann)
Alauda longipennis Eversmann, 1848, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mos-
cow, 21, lier pt., p. 219 — Dzungaria.
Eastern Russian Turkestan, Dzungaria, southwestern Altai. South
in winter to Afghanistan and northern India.
Calandrella cinerea orientalis Sushkin
Calandrella brachydactyla orientalis Sushkin, 1925, List Distr.
Birds Russian Altai etc., p. 67 — right source of the Chinda-
gaty, tributary of the Bukhtarma, frontier of central and south-
eastern Altai.
Calandrella cinerea puii Yamashina, 1939, Tori, 10, p. 472 —
Lamagulusu, northwestern Manchuria.
Southeastern Russian Altai; northern Mongolia to Transbaikalia,
northeastern Mongolia and northwestern Manchuria; straggles to
Korea.
Calandrella cinerea artemisiana Banjkowski
Calandrella brachydactyla artemisiana Banjkowski, 1913, Izvestia
Kavkazskii Muz., 7, p. 231, pl. 2, fig. 3 — Tiflis.
Breeds from the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, western Siberia (Ku-
lunda), and the Aralo-Caspian steppes south to Asia Minor (Eregli),
southeastern Iran, Seistan and Persian Baluchistan; recorded on
migration or in winter from Smyrna and Palestine.
Calandrella cinerea brachydactyla (Leisler)
Alauda brachydactila [sic] Leisler, 1814, Ann. Wetterauischen Ges.,
3, p. 357, pl. 19 — France and Italy = Montpellier, France.
Phileremos moreatica von der Miihle, 1844, Beitr. Orn. Griechen-
lands, p. 38 — Greece.
Iberian Peninsula, southern France, Italy, Balkan Peninsula,
Greece, southern Russia north to Kiev, Poltava and Kharkov, and
east to the region of the lower Don and the lower Volga; Balearic
Islands; Corsica; Sardinia; Crete; North Africa. Winters in the
southern part of its range and south to the Sahara, Sudan and south-
ern Egypt.
?Calandrella cinerea hungarica Horvath
Calandrella brachydactyla hungarica Horvath, 1956, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 76, p. 132 — five km. south of Nagyivan, Hungary.
Known from the type locality only.
46 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Calandrella cinerea rubiginosa Fromholz
Calandrella brachydactyla rubiginosa Fromholz, 1913, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 21, p. 140 — southern Algeria, 300-400 km. south of
Ouargla.
Southern Morocco high plateaus, southern Algeria and southern
Tunisia.
Calandrella cinerea hermonensis Tristram
Calandrella hermonensis Tristram, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soe. London,
p. 434 — Hermon and Lebanon.
Lebanon and Palestine; recorded in winter from Darfur, the Red
Sea Province of the Sudan, and British Somaliland.
Calandrella cinerea eremica (Reichenow and Peters)
Spizocorys eremica Reichenow and Peters, 1935, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Hamburg, 45, p. 23 — Bet en Naam, Yemen.
Calandrella blanfordi philbyi Bates, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
56, p. 130 — Ashaira [near Mecca], Arabia.
Southwestern Arabia, at elevations above 3,000 feet, from Mecca
to Yemen (Sana’a).
?Calandrella cinerea asmaraensis K. D. Smith
Calandrella cinerea asmaraensis K.D. Smith, 1951, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 71, p.55 — near Asmara, Eritrea.
Plateau of central and southern Eritrea, 5,000 to 8,000 feet.
Calandrella cinerea erlangeri (Neumann)
Alauda ruficeps Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelth., Vog., 1835-40,
p. 102, pl. 38, fig. 1 — Entschetqab, Simen Province, Ethiopia.
Not Alauda ruficeps Bechstein, 1795.
Tephrocorys cinerea erlangeri Neumann, 1906, Journ. f. Orn., 54,
p. 239 — Sheikh Mehamed, Webi River, Ethiopia.
Tephrocorys cinerea fuertesi Friedmann, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 45, p. 163 — new name for Alauda ruficeps Riip-
pell, preoccupied.
Western Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Calandrella cinerea saturatior Reichenow
Calandrella cinerea saturatior Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Afr., 3, pt.
1, p. 374 (in key), p. 378 — Kondeland, north of Lake Nyasa.
Southern Uganda southward in the eastern Belgian Congo, Ka-
tanga and Tanganyika, Northern and Southern Rhodesia.
Calandrella cinerea williamsi Clancey
Calandrella cinerea williamsi Clancey, 1952, Durban Mus. Novit.,
4, pt. 3, p.48—Semini’s Farm, Kinangop, western Kenya.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 47
Western Kenya (Nakuru, Lake Naivasha, South Kinangop,
Nairobi, Athi Plains and near Mt. Kenya).
Calandrella cinerea anderssoni (Tristram)
Megalophonus anderssoni Tristram, 1869, Ibis, p. 434 — Otjim-
bingue, Damaraland.
Tephrocorys cinerea niveni Macdonald, 1952, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
22, pt. 1, p. 32 — Gezabuzo, near Pietermaritzburg, Natal.
Southern Angola and northern South West Africa, eastward in
northern and central Bechuanaland and the Transvaal and Natal,
southward in Cape Colony to the vicinity of Port Elizabeth.
Calandrella cinerea spleniata (Strickland)
Alauda spleniata Strickland, 1853, in Jardine’s Contr. Orn. for
1850-1852, p. 152 — South Africa = Damaraland.
Calandrella cinerea ongumaensis Grant and Mackworth-Praed,
1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 75, p. 23 — Onguma, east end of
Etosha Pan, northern South West Africa.
South West Africa near Etosha Pan, Swakopmund and Walvis
Bay.
Calandrella cinerea cinerea (Gmelin)
Alauda cinerea Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 798 — no
locality = Cape of Good Hope, ex Lath., 2, (2), p. 388, no. 25
(Cinereous Lark). Buffon, 5, p. 64 (Cendrille).
Tephrocorys cinerea witputzi Macdonald, 1952, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 22, pt. 1, p. 31 — Witputz, Great Namaqualand.
South Africa from Great Namaqualand eastward through south-
ern Bechuanaland and western Orange Free State, and southward
through the Cape Province to the Oliphants River, the Cape of
Good Hope, and the coast near George and Cape Seal.
CALANDRELLA BLANFORDI
Calandrella blanfordi (Shelley)
Tephrocorys blanfordi Shelley, 1902, Birds Africa, 3, p. 128, pl.
21, fig. 2— Senafé, Tigré district, Ethiopia.
Eastern Eritrea, adjacent parts of northern Ethiopia, and the
Somaliland Plateau.
CALANDRELLA ACUTIROSTRIS
Calandrella acutirostris acutirostris Hume
Calandrella acutirostris Hume, 1873, in Henderson and Hume,
Lahore to Yarkand, p. 265 — Balakchi and the Karakash,
[Sughet River, Hill Yarkand].
48 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds in north-central Afghanistan, northern Baluchistan, rarely
to eastern Iran (Guliandar, southeast of Birjand), Gilgit, the Pamirs
and the Tien Shan; birds from Baltistan, Zaskar, Rupshu and Lahul
appear to be intermediate between this race and C. a. tibetana.
Winters in northern and central India.
Calandrella acutirostris tibetana Brooks
Calandrella tibetana Brooks, 1880, Stray Feathers, 8, (1879), p.
488 — Tibet beyond Sikkim.
Breeds from southern Dzungaria (Bogdo Ola Mountains) and
east shore of Lake Koko Nor, southward across Sinkiang to south-
ern Tibet and northern Sikang (Jyekundo; upper Yalung). Winters
in northern India.
CALANDRELLA RAYTAL
Indian Sand Lark
Calandrella raytal raytal (Blyth)
Alauda raytal Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 962
— Lucknow.
Resident in northern India from Rajputana and the United Pro-
vinces to Bengal, and Burma south to Thayetmyo.
Calandrella raytal krishnakumarsinhji Vaurie and Dharma-
kumarsinhji
Calandrella raytal krishnakumarsinhji Vaurie and Dharmakumar-
sinhji, 1954, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 52, p.8—
Bhavnagar, Saurashtra [Kathiawar].
Known from the type locality only.
Calandrella raytal vauriei Koelz
Calandrella raytal vaurier Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
no. 1, p. 20 — Palasbari, Assam.
Known from the type locality only.
Calandrella raytal adamsi (Hume)
Alauda adamsi Hume, 1871, Ibis, p. 405 — Agrore Valley [Hazara
district, North-West Frontier Province], India.
Resident along the Makran coast (west to Bundar Abbas) and
in the Punjab, Sind, and Cutch.
CALANDRELLA RUFESCENS
Calandrella rufescens rufescens (Vieillot)
A[lauda] rufescens Vieillot, 1820, Tabl. Encye. Méth., Orn., p.
322 — Tenerife, Canary Islands.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 49
Calandrella pispoletta canariensis Hartert, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 11, p. 64 — Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands.
Canary Islands: Tenerife.
Calandrella rufescens polatzeki Hartert
Calandrella minor polatzeki Hartert, 1904, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
Heft 2, p. 217 — Lanzarote, Canary Islands.
Calandrella minor distincta Sassi, 1908, Orn. Jahrb., 19, p. 30 —
Gran Canaria.
Canary Islands: Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote.
Calandrella rufescens apetzii (Brehm)
Melanocorypha Apetzi A. EK. Brehm, 1857, Allg. Deutsche Natur-
hist. Zeitung, p. 455 — Murcia and Madrid; type from Murcia,
Spain.
Calandrella betica Dresser, 1873, Birds Europe, pt. 21, p. 3, and
fig. 2 of pl. [= 4, p. 351, pl. 236, fig. 2 of volume] — Sevilla,
Spain.
Southern Spain.
Calandrella rufescens minor (Cabanis)
Calandritis minor Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., Th. 1, p. 123 —
‘Northeast Africa’’= Bir Hamam, southwest of Alexandria.
Northern Sahara from Morocco to Egypt; Sinai and the Syrian
Desert.
Calandrella rufescens nicolli Hartert
Calandrella minor nicolli Hartert, 1909, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 25,
p. 9 — Damietta, Nile Delta, Egypt.
Egypt, known only from the northern part of the Nile Delta.
Calandrella rufescens aharonii Hartert
Calandrella minor aharonii Hartert, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
27, p. 13 — Karyatein [south of Palmyra], Syrian Desert.
Breeds on the high plateau of Asia Minor (Konya); winters in
the Syrian Desert (Karyatein) and Jordan (Azraq).
Calandrella rufescens pseudobaetica Stegmann
Calandrella minor pseudobaetica Stegmann, 1932, Orn. Monatsb.,
40, p. 54 — Kapa-siva, Kurdistan.
Highlands of Armenia and the southwestern shores of the Caspian
Sea; birds from Transcaucasia are perhaps intermediate between
this race and C.r. heinet.
50 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Calandrella rufescens persica (Sharpe)
[Alaudula pispoletta] Subsp. 6, Alaudula persica Sharpe, 1890, Cat.
Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 590 — “Persia to Afghanistan and
N. W. India’’; the types are from near Niriz east of Shiraz;
Afghanistan; Sirza district, Punjab.
Calandrella minor seistanica Zarudny and Loudon, 1904, Orn.
Jabrb., 15, p. 222 — Seistan.
Southern Iraq, Iran, southeastern Afghanistan; possibly Baha-
walpur.
Calandrella rufescens heinei (Homeyer)
Calandrella pispoletia of authors.
Calandritis Heinet Homeyer, 1873, Journ. f. Orn., 21, p. 197 —
Volga region.
Calandrella minor minuta Zarudny and Loudon, 1904, Orn. Jahrb.,
15, p. 224 — Ansiedelung Chamur (Ispahan); Sak-Si (Kreis
Kopa); vicinity of Enarek.
Southeastern Russia north to the Volga region and Samara Gou-
vernment, and southwestern Siberia north to about lat. 57° N., east
to Semipalatinsk, and south to the Aral Sea and the valley of the
Syr Darya; recorded in winter from Asia Minor, Palestine, Iraq, Iran,
and northern Egypt.
Calandrella rufescens leucophaea Severzov
Calandrella leucophaea Severzov, 1872, Izvestiia Imperatorskago
Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvoznaniia, Antropologii i Etno-
grafii, Moskva, 8, 1873, pt. 2, p. 1421 — Turkestan; restricted
to the lower Emba River by Meinertzhagen (Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 121, 1951, p. 98).
Russian Turkestan south of the desert of Kyzyl Kum, Semirech-
ensk, Bocharr; on migration or in winter to Asia Minor (accidental?)
and eastern Iran.
Calandrella rufescens seebohmi (Sharpe)
[Alaudula pispoletta] Subsp. ¢, Alaudula seebohmi Sharpe, 1890,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 590 — ‘Central Asia from Yar-
kand and Kashgar to Mongolia’”’.
Northwestern Mongolia, and Sinkiang east at least to the Khotan
River.
Calandrella rufescens kukunoorensis (Przewalski)
Alaudula kukunoorensis Przewalski, 1876, Mongol i Strana Tan-
gut, 2, p. 105 — Koko Nor.
1 See under note Alauda g. inconspicua on p. 69.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 51
Calandrella rufescens tangutica Tugarinov, 1933, (ms. Hartert and
Steinbacher), V6g. pal. Fauna, Erginzungsb., Heft 2, p. 108
— northeast Tibet.
Distribution not well known, believed to range from the desert
regions of southwestern Mongolia south to Tsaidam.
Calandrella rufescens beicki Meise
Calandrella rufescens beicki Meise, 1933, Orn. Monatsb., 41, p. 81
— Sintien-pu, north of Sining, northern Tsinghai.
Calandrella rufescens stegmanni Meise, 1937, Journ. f. Orn., 85,
p. 491 — easterly from Sian-wain = [Ningsia, China].
Breeds in the southern Gobi from about lat. 45° N., south to
western Kansu on the upper Sining (Hei-tsui-tse), and western
Ningsia along the course of the Edsin Gol; Koko Nor.
Calandrella rufescens cheleénsis (Swinhoe)
Alaudula cheleénsis Swinhoe, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, p.
390 — Talien Bay, near Port Arthur.
Pseudalaudula pispoletta obscura Tugarinoyv, 1932, Ptitsy Wostof-
chnoi Mongolii, p. 29 — Solovievsk, Mongolian-Russian border.
Eastern Transbaikalia and northern Mongolia from Ulan Bator
eastward to Manchuria, and northeastern China in provinces of
Hopeh, Shantung, and Kiangsu; the specimens recorded (all in
winter or early spring) as of this race from Korea should be re-
examined.
Calandrella rufescens somalica (Sharpe)
Alaudula somalica Sharpe, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 472
— Haud, Somaliland.
British Somaliland and extreme eastern Ethiopia.
Calandrella rufescens vulpecula White
Calandrella rufescens vulpecula White, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
75, p.3—Ten miles west of Bohotleh (2,300 feet), British
Somaliland.
Known from the vicinity of Bohotleh and 40 miles south of Burao,
southern British Somaliland.
Calandrella rufescens megaensis Benson
Calandrella somalica megaensis Benson, 1946, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
67, p. 26 —ten miles north of Mega, Ethiopia.
Plains at 3,000-4,500 feet elevation in southern Ethiopia (Yavel-
lo; Mega; Neghelli).
Calandrella rufescens athensis (Sharpe)
Spizocorys athensis Sharpe, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. ci
— Athi River, Kenya Colony.
52 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Southern Kenya Colony (Athi Plains) southwestward across the
Kenya-Tanganyika border between Lake Natron and Mt. Kiliman-
jaro, to northeastern Tanganyika Territory (Engare Nairobi).
CALANDRELLA RAZAE
Calandrella razae (Alexander)
Spizocorys razae Boyd Alexander, 1898, Ibis, p. 107, pl. 3 — Raza,
Cape Verde Islands.
Confined to Raza Island in the Desertas group, Cape Verde
Islands.
CALANDRELLA CONIROSTRIS
Calandrella conirostris damarensis (Roberts)!
Spizocorys conirostris damarensis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 8, p. 261 — Ondonga, South West Africa.
Ovamboland(Ondonga) and Great Namaqualand(Hountop River).
Calandrella conirostris barlowi (Roberts)
Spizocorys conirostris barlowi Roberts, 1942, Ostrich, 13, p. 52
—twenty miles northwest of Upington, northwestern Cape
Province.
Known only from two specimens from the type locality.
Calandrella conirostris conirostris (Sundevall)?
Alauda conirostris Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7,
p. 99 — Caffraria superiore; type from north of the Drakens-
berg, Transvaal.
Orange Free State and southern Transvaal southward to the
Cradock district of Cape Province.
CALANDRELLA STARKI
Calandrella starki Shelley
Calandrella starki Shelley, 1902, Birds Africa, 3, p. 135, pl. 22,
fig. 2 — Wilson’s Fountain, Great Namaqualand.
Southwestern Africa from southern Angola southward through
Damaraland and Great Namaqualand, extending eastward through
the Kalahari Desert and Ngamiland to western Transvaal; not
recorded south of the Orange River.
1 Specimens recently collected at Nata near Makarikari probably represent
a new subspecies resembling this.
2 Material from Maokang, between Kania and Kanye, southern Bechuana-
land, yet unstudied, may represent barlow?.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 53
CALANDRELLA SCLATERI
Calandrella sclateri sclateri Shelley
Calandrella sclateri Shelley, 1902, Birds Africa, 3, p. 136, pl. 22,
fig. 3 — Hountop River, Great Namaqualand.
Calandrella sclateri capensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1913, Ann. South Afri-
can Mus., 13, p. 41 — Philipstown, Cape Province.
Great Namaqualand (Hountop River) southeastward to the Phi-
lipstown district, central Cape Province.
Calandrella sclateri theresae Meinertzhagen
Calandrella sclateri theresae Meinertzhagen, 1949, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 69, p. 106 — twenty-five miles east of Pofadder, South
West Africa.
Known only from the type locality in Little Namaqualand.
CALANDRELLA FRINGILLARIS
Calandrella fringillaris (Sundevall)
Alauda fringillaris Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh.,
7, p. 99 — Caffraria superiore; type from north of Drakensberg,
Transvaal.
Botha difficilis Shelley, 1902, Birds Africa, 3, p. 105, pl. 22, fig. 1
— Orange River Colony.
Upper Vaal River drainage area in Orange Free State.
CALANDRELLA OBBIENSIS
Calandrella obbiensis (Witherby)
Spizocorys obbiensis Witherby, 1905, Ibis, p. 514 — Obbia, east
coast of Somaliland.
Known only from the type locality and Mogadishu.!
CALANDRELLA PERSONATA
Calandrella personata personata (Sharpe)
Spizocorys personata Sharpe, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
471 — Sassabana, near Milmil, Ethiopian Somaliland.
Known only from the type locality in the Ogaden country of
eastern Ethiopia.
Calandrella personata yavelloensis (Benson)
Aethocorys personata yavelloensis Benson, 1947, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 68, p.9—ten miles west of Yavello, Ethiopia.
Southern Ethiopia, from the vicinity of Yavello south to the
border of Kenya.
1 Specimens in Milan (C. M. N. W.).
5
54 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Calandrella personata mcchesneyi (Williams)
Aethocorys personata mcChesneyi Williams, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 77, p. 157 — Marsabit Plateau, northern Kenya (4,000 ft.).
Known only from the Marsabit Plateau, northern frontier pro-
vince, Kenya Colony.
Calandrella personata intensa (Rothschild)
Aethocorys personata intensa Rothschild, 1931, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 51, p. 100 —Chanler Falls, Guaso Nyiro River, Kenya
Colony.
Known only from the northern Uaso Nyiro in central Kenya
Colony.
GENUS CHERSOPHILUS SHarpPE
Chersophilus Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 512 (in
key), p. 525. Type, by subsequent designation, Ch. dwponti =
Alauda Duponti Vieillot (Hartert and Steinbacher, 1933, Vog.
pal. Fauna, Ergainzungsb., Heft 2, p. 129).
CHERSOPHILUS DUPONTI
Chersophilus duponti duponti (Vieillot)
Alauda Dwponti Vieillot, 1820, Faune Frangaise, p. 173, pl. 76,
fig. 2 — Provence.
Algeria (except southern) and northern Tunisia; formerly in
Portugal(?); occasional in Spain and southern France.
Chersophilus duponti margaritae (Koenig)
Alaemon Margaritae Koenig, 1888, Journ. f. Orn., 36, p. 228 —
Gabés, Tunisia.
Southernmost Algeria, the southern spurs of the Atlas in Tunisia,
northern Cyrenaica, and the coastal belt of northwestern Egypt
east to Matruh.
Genus PSEUDALAEMON Lort PHILLIPs
Pseudalaemon Lort Phillips, 1898, Ibis, p. 400. Type, by monotypy,
Calendula fremantlii Lort Phillips.
PSEUDALAEMON FREMANTLII
Pseudalaemon fremantlii fremantlii (Lort Phillips)
Calendula fremantlii Lort Phillips, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 6,
p. xlvi — Goolis Mts., British Somaliland; type from Gedais.
Col. pl., Ibis, 1898, pl. 9, fig. 2.
Plateau of British Somaliland from about Sheikh and Burao east-
ward to the Somalia border.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 55
Pseudalaemon fremantlii megaensis Benson
Pseudalaemon fremantlit megaensis Benson, 1946, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 67, p. 25 — fifteen miles north of Mega, Ethiopia.
Plains of southern Ethiopia between Yavello and Mega at eleva-
tions between 4,000 and 4,500 feet, south to Marsabit.
Pseudalaemon fremantlii delamerei Sharpe
Pseudalaemon delamerei Sharpe, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10,
p. cii— Athi River, East Africa.
Southeastern Kenya Colony on the Kapiti and Athi plains, ex-
tending into Ardai Plains in northeastern Tanganyika Territory.
Genus GALERIDA BolrE
Galerida Boie, 1828, Isis von Oken, col. 321. Type, by subsequent
designation, Alauda cristata Linnaeus (Gray, 1840, List. Gen.
Birds, p. 47).
Calendula Swainson, 1837, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 292. Type, by
monotypy, Alauda magnirostris Stephens.
Heterops Hodgson, 1844, Gray’s Zool. Misc., p. 84, nomen nudum;
Hodgson, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24, p. 579. Type,
by monotypy, Heterops cristatus, not Heterops Blanchard, 1842,
Coleoptera.
Spizalauda Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24, p. 258,
note. Type, by monotypy, Mirafra hayi Jerdon = Alauda deva
Sykes.
Heliocorys Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 513 (in key),
p. 623. Type, by monotypy, Galerita modesta Heuglin
Ptilocorys Madarasz, 1899, Magyarorszag Madarai [Birds of Hun-
gary], 2, p. 48. New name for Galerita [emendation of Galerida
Boie], not Galerita Fabricius, 1801, Coleoptera.
Corydus Dresser, 1902, Man. Pal. Birds, pt. 1, p. 390. New name
for Galerita [emendation of Galerida Boie] ‘“‘preoccupied in
entomology”’.
cf. Bannerman, 1927, Ibis, Suppl. No., p. 77-99.
Bird, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 56, p. 55-58.
Meinertzhagen, 1921, Ibis, p. 634-642.
GALERIDA CRISTATA
Crested Lark
Galerida cristata pallida (Brehm)
Galerita cristata pallida C. L. Brehm, 1858, Naumannia, p. 207 —
“Spain” = Masnou near Barcelona.
Iberian Peninsula.
5*
56
CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Galerida cristata cristata (Linnaeus)
to
Alauda cristata Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 166 —
“in Europae viis’ = Vienna.
Galerita tenwirostris C. L. Brehm, 1850, Naumannia, p. 208 —
Sarepta [south Russia].
Galerita cristata kleinschmidti Erlanger, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47,
p. 345, pl. 8a, fig. 2— northern Morocco (Tangier).
Galerida cristata moltschanowt Gawrilenko, 1926, Journ. f. Orn.,
74, p. 699 — vicinity of Sebastopol, Crimea.
In Europe from southern Sweden (north to Uppland) eastward
southern Russia (north to Leningrad), and southward to central
Italy; Crimea and shores of the Caspian Sea; northern Morocco
from the region about Tangier east to the Muluya-Seby divide,
southward to the upper Oued Beth and Bu-Regreg.
Galerida cristata meridionalis Brehm
Galerida meridionalis C. L. Brehm, 1841, Isis von Oken, col. 124,
128 — Dalmatia.
Galerida cristata balcanica Arrigoni, 1902, Atalante Ornithologico,
p. 241 — Dalmatia.
Galerida cristata madaraszi Herman, 1903, Aquila, 10, p. 274, in
text — Hungarian littoral = Dalmatia.
Galerida cristata neumanni Hilgert, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15,
p. 63 — Rome, Italy.
Galerida cristata miihlei Stresemann, 1920, Avif. Macedonica,
p. 62 — Greece.
Galerida cristata apuliae von Jordans, 1935, Orn. Monatsb., 43,
p. 119 — San Severo, Apulia, southern Italy.
Southeastern Europe in Dalmatia eastward to Macedonia and
Thrace; Italy from the vicinity of Rome southward through Sicily.
Galerida cristata subtaurica (Kollibay)
Ptilocorys cristata subtaurica Kollibay, 1912, Orn. Monatsb., 20,
p. 26 — Eregli, Asia Minor.
Ptilocorys cristata weigoldi Kollibay, 1912, Orn. Monatsb., 20,
p. 27 — Urfa, Asia Minor.
Jalerida cristata ankarae Kummerléwe and Niethammer, 1934,
Journ. f. Orn., 82, p. 540 — Ankara.
Central and southern Asia Minor.
Galerida cristata caucasica Taczanowski
Galerida cristata caucasica Taczanowski, 1888, Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, 12, 1887, p. 621 — Lagodechi, Caucasus.
?Galerida cristata magdae Loudon and Zarudny, 1903, Orn. Jahrb.,
14, p. 172 — southeast shore of the Caspian Sea and Derbont,
Baku and Lenkoran.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 57
Galerida cristata cypriaca Bianchi, 1907 (Nov.), Bull. Acad. Imp.
Sci. St. Pétersbourg (5), 25, 1906, p. 65; ex Galerida cristata
subsp.? Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 229 — Cyprus.
Ptilocorys cristata ioniae Kollibay, 1912, Orn. Monatsb., 20, p. 26
— Priene, Asia Minor.
Caucasus Mts., Transcaucasia, western Asia Minor (Smyrna) and
islands of Rhodes, Cyprus, Crete.
Galerida cristata riggenbachi Hartert
Galerida cristata riggenbachi Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 333
—near Mazagan, Morocco.
Western Morocco (not in the neighborhood of Tangier), east to
the Muluya River.
Galerida cristata macrorhyncha Tristram
Galerida macrorhyncha Tristram, 1859, Ibis, p. 57, 426 — northern
border of the Sahara; type from Laghouat, Algeria.
Galerida cristata helenae Lavauden, 1926, Rev. Frang. Orn., 10
p. 6, fig. 1 — Fort Polignac.
’Galerida cristata jordansi Niethammer, 1955, Bonn. Zool. Beitr.,
6, p.57— Abbangarit, French Equatorial Africa. Requires
confirmation.
Algerian Sahara from El Kantara, north of Biskra, southward to
Touggourt and Fort Polignac.
>
Galerida cristata randoni Loche
Galerida Randoni Loche, 1860, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris) (2), 12, p.
150, pl. 11, fig. 2— Air Oussera, Algeria.
High Algerian plateau from Air Oussera westward to the Muluya
River in Morocco.
Galerida cristata carthaginis Kleinschmidt and Hilgert
Galerida cristata carthaginis Kleinschmidt and Hilgert, 1905, Orn.
Monatsb., 13, p. 188 — near Tunis.
Northern and central Tunisia, north of about 35° north lat., and
coastal Algeria to about Oudja in northeastern Morocco.
Galerida cristata arenicola Tristram
Galerida arenicola Tristram, 1859, Ibis, p. 58, 426 — sandy Alge-
rian Sahara; type from Rhamdouas.
Galerida cristata reichenowi Erlanger, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47,
p- 351, pl. 9, fig. 5 — Tozeur, Algeria.
Galerida cristata gafsae Kleinschmidt and Hilgert, 1905, Orn.
Monatsb., 13, p. 189 — ‘““Tunis”; type from Segui, Tunisia.
Galerida cristata whitakeri Bannerman, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
42, p. 124 — Tatahouine, southeastern Tunisia.
58 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Galerida cristata déprimozi Lavauden, 1925, Voy. M. Guy Barbault
en Tunisie, Rés. Sci., Ois., 1924, p. 71 — Kerkennah Islands,
off Sfax, Tunisia.
Algeria from Biskra south to Ouargla, eastward to southern
Tunisia south of El Djem to the region south of Touggourt; Kerken-
nah Islands.
Galerida cristata balsaci De Keyser and Villiers
Galerida cristata balsaci De Keyser and Villiers, 1950, Bull. Inst.
Frang. Afr. Noire, 12, p. 675 — Nouakchott, Mauritania.
Coast of Mauritania.
Galerida cristata festae Hartert
Galerida cristata festae Hartert, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p. 12 — near Bengasi, Cyrenaica.
Cyrenaica, where occurring on red soil areas.
Galerida cristata senegallensis (P. L. 8. Miller)
Alauda senegallensis P. L.S. Miller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl.,
p. 137 — Senegal.
Certhilauda nivosa Swainson!, 1837, Birds W. Afr., 1, p. 213 —
West Africa.
Senegal, Gambia, Portuguese Guinea and Sierra Leone, eastward
to the French Sudan (Taberréshat; Bourem), and western Niger
Province (Tahoua).
Galerida cristata alexanderi Neumann
Galerida cristata alexanderi Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
23, p. 45 — Bauchi, Haussaland.
Galerida cristata courtoti Lavauden, 1926, Rev. Frang. Orn., 10,
p. 7 and col. pl., fig. 2 — N’Guimi, north shore of Lake Chad.
French West Africa from Air (Aouderas) southward to the northern
provinces of Nigeria and northern Cameroons (Leinde; Garoua), and
eastward beyond Lake Chad.
Galerida cristata zalingei Grant and Mackworth-Praed
Galerida cristata zalingei Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1939, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 59, p. 141 — Zalingei, western Sudan.
Western Darfur and the Jebel Marra.
Galerida cristata isabellina Bonaparte
?Galerida abyssinica Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 245 —
Ethiopia.
1 For note on identity of this name see Roberts, 1936, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 18, p. 257.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 59
Galerida isabellina Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 245 —
Nubia; restricted type locality Khartoum, Meinertzhagen, 1951.
Nile Valley in the Sudan from Atbara south to Khartoum and
extending up the valleys of the Blue and the White Nile and
westward toward Kordofan.
Galerida cristata somaliensis Reichenow
Galerida cristata somaliensis Reichenow, 1907 (Jan.), Journ. f. Orn.,
55, p. 49 — Zeila, Somaliland.
Galerida cristata somaliensis Bianchi, 1907 (Nov.), Bull. Acad.
Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg (5), 25, 1906, p. 69, based on Galerida
cristata subsp.? Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 235 — Soma-
liland.
Northeastern Africa from the region west of Lake Rudolf (Kobua
River) northeastward to the coastal plain of British Somaliland.
Galerida cristata altirostris (Brehm)
Galerita altirostris C. L. Brehm, 1855, Vogelfang, p. 124 — upper
Egypt; type from near Akasheh on the Nile in Nubia.
Galerida brachyura Tristram, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.435
—Ghor, south end of Dead Sea.
Alauda cristata var. deserticolor Festa, 1894, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. Torino, 9, no. 174, p. 4 — Palestine.
¢[Galerida cristata] var. aegyptiaca Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Afr., 3,
(2), p. 361 — Egypt.
Galerida cristata caroli Hartert, 1904, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, Heft 2,
p. 234 — Natron Valley, Lower Egypt.
Galerida cristata tardinata Hartert, 1904, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
Heft 2, p. 235 — Dthubiyat, western Hadhramaut, Arabia.
Galerida cristata nubica Bianchi, 1907 (Nov.), Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.
St. Pétersbourg (5), 25, 1906, p. 69; based on Galerida cristata
subsp.? Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 234 — Ethiopian coast.
Galerida cristata eritreae Zedlitz, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 59
— southwest coast of the Red Sea in Eritrea and Dan Kalia;
type from Ghédem.
Locally distributed in Egypt (except those parts occupied by
G.c. nigricans and G.c. maculata), eastward to the Red Sea coasts
and the hills of Eritrea; Arabia, but not in the highlands of the
Yemen and Muscat (maculata); this also appears to be the race
occurring in the Jordan Valley and the region of the Dead Sea.
Galerida cristata maculata Brehm
Galerida maculata C. L. Brehm, 1858, Neumannia, p. 208 — Aswan
in Egypt; and Masnou in Spain = Aswan.
60 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Galerida cristata meritica Nicoll and Bonhote, 1909, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 23, p. 101 — southern shore of Lake Birket-el-Kerun,
Faiyum, Egypt.
Galerida cristata halfae Nicoll, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, p. 7
—Wadi Halfa, Egypt.
Galerida cristata imami Meinertzhagen, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
44, p. 16 — Sok-el-Khamis, 8,000 feet, Yemen, Arabia.
Galerida cristata thomsi Ripley, 1951, Postilla, Yale Univ., no. 10,
p. 1 —Seik Jebel Akhdar, Muscat.
The valley of the Nile in Egypt from the edge of the delta south
to about Wadi Halfa and Arabia in the highlands of the Yemen
and Muscat.
Galerida cristata nigricans (Brehm)
Galerita nigricans C. L. Brehm, 1855, Vogelfang, p. 123 — Egypt
and Thuringia = Nile Delta.
Galerida cristata deltae Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 144 — Nile
Delta; type from Damietta.
Locally distributed in the northern and central parts of the Nile
Delta where black alluvial soil occurs.
Galerida cristata cinnamomina Hartert
Galerida cristata cinnamomina Hartert, 1904, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
Heft 2, p. 235 — Mt. Carmel, Palestine.
Red soil areas from Bey south to the Lebanon highlands, south-
ward along the coast to Mt. Carmel.
Galerida cristata zion Meinertzhagen
Galerida cristata zion Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
41, p. 21 — Jerusalem.
South coast of Asia Minor through Syria (Baalbek; Damascus)
to the Jebel Druz and the Judean highlands.
Galerida cristata magna Hume
Galerida magna Hume, 1871, Ibis, p. 407 —Yarkand.
Galerida cristata iwanowi Loudon and Zarudny, 1903, Orn.Jahrb.,
14, p. 171 — region of Syr Darya-Fergana-Zerafshan and part
of eastern Buchara.
Galerida cristata vamberyi Harms, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15, p. 49
— Utsch-Adschi, desert of Karakum, Transcaspia.
Galerida cristata submagna Zarudny and Billewitch, 1918, Izv.
Zakaspiiskago Muz., 1, p. 16 — Atek, Akhal-Teéeké, Transcaspia.
Galerida cristata retrusa Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 68, p. 370 — Kanchow plain, foot of the northern Kan-
chow Nanshan, western Kansu.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 61
Galerida cristata alashanica Meise, 1933, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin,
19, p. 45 — Alashan.
Turkestan from Transcaspia north to the shore of the Aral Sea,
Sinkiang, Ningsia (Ala-Shan; Sogo-nor depression), Mongolia (Ualan
Bator), western Kansu (north of the Richthofen Range), northern
and eastern Iran, Baluchistan and Afghanistan. Chiefly resident,
but recorded in winter from northern Iran, Sind and northwestern
India.
Galerida cristata leautungensis Swinhoe
Galerida leautungensis Swinhoe, 1861, Ibis, p. 256 — “‘Province of
Leautung”’; types from Talienwan, Liautung Peninsula, Man-
churia.
Resident in Manchuria, eastern Kansu (Sining region), Shansi,
Hopeh, and Shantung..
Galerida cristata coreensis (Taczanowski)
Galerita cristata coreensis Taczanowski, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, (1887), p. 603 — Seoul, Korea.
Resident in Korea.
Galerida cristata lynesi Whistler
Galerida cristata lynesi Whistler, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49,
p. 52 — Gilgit.
Northwestern India, confined to the Gilgit Valley.
Galerida cristata chendoola (Franklin)
Alauda Chendoola Franklin, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 1, (1830—31), p. 119— Ganges and Verbudda.
Northern and northwestern India from Sind to western Bihar,
extending northward to the Punjab and the Kashmir foothills and
southward to about lat. 23° N.
GALERIDA THEKLAE
Galerida theklae theklae (Brehm)
Galerita Theklae C. L. Brehm, 1858, Naumannia, p. 210 — Jativa,
near Valencia, and in the Sierra Nevada, Spain.
Galerida theklae polatzeki Hartert, 1912, Orn. Monatsb., 20, p. 30
— Ibiza, Balearic Islands.
Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands.
Galerida theklae erlangeri Hartert
Galerida theklae erlangeri Hartert, 1904, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, Heft 2,
p. 237 —Tangier, Morocco.
62 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Galerida theklae berengueri Cabrera, 1922, Bol. R. Soc. Espafiola
Hist. Nat., 22, p. 111 — Uad Martin, near Dar-es-Skiek, Spa-
nish Morocco.
Galerida theklae aguirrei Cabrera, 1922, Bol. R. Soc. Espafiola
Hist. Nat., 22, p. 111 note — Plain of Garet, eastern Morocco.
Northern Morocco eastward to the Algerian border and south-
ward to the Middle Atlas.
Galerida theklae ruficolor Whitaker
Galerida theklae ruficolor Whitaker, 1898, Ibis, p. 603 — central
and southern Morocco.
Galerida theklae harterti Erlanger, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47, p. 332,
pl. [8a], Galerida theclae [sic], fig. 3— northern Algeria and
Tunisia to the northern edge of the Atlas.
Galerida schliiteri Kleinschmidt, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12, p. 196
— Bone and Kerrata, northern Algeria.
Galerida theklae theresae Meinertzhagen, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
59, p. 65 — Anti Atlas Mts., 30 km. south of Tiznit, southern
Morocco.
Central Morocco south to Rio de Oro, coastal Algeria and northern
Tunisia.
Galerida theklae superflua Hartert
Galerida cristata swperflua Hartert, 1897 (Apr.), Novit. Zool., 4,
p- 144 — new name for Alauda cristata pallida Whitaker, 1895,
(south of Tunis), not Galerita pallida Brehm, 1858.
Galerida cristata carolinae Erlanger, 1897 (Nov.), Orn. Monatsb.,
5, p. 186 — Oued-oum el Graf, Tunisia.
Galerida theklae cyrenaicae Whitaker, 1902, Ibis, p. 654 — Bir-
Tabilleh, Bisher, and Sidi-Sewya, Cirenaica.
Galerida theklae hilgerti Rothschild and Hartert, 1912, Novit. Zool.,
18, p. 492, 494 — southern slopes of the Atlas from Batna and
Lambése to El-Kantara and Biskra; type from El-Kantara.
Deserts of extreme eastern Morocco, high plateau of Algeria,
southern foothills of Algerian Atlas, central and southern Tunisia,
Tripolitanian Sahara, and Cyrenaicea to Salum on the Egyptian
border.
Galerida theklae deichleri (Erlanger)
Galerita thecklae [sic] deichleri Erlanger, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47,
p-339, pl. 9, Galerida techlae [sic], fig. 5 — Doug, Tunisia.
South of the range of swperflua. From the region south of Biskra
to Ouargla westward to El Aoléa, and eastward from Touggourt to
the Chott Djend in southern Tunisia.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 63
Galeridae theklae praetermissa (Blanford)
Alauda praetermissa Blanford, 1869, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4),
4, p. 330 —Tigré, Ethiopia.
Mountains of Ethiopia.
Galerida theklae ellioti Hartert
Galerida ellioti Hartert, 1897, Novit. Zool., 4, p. 144, note — new
name for Galerida pallida Elliot, 1897 (Daghabur and Hersi
Barri, Somaliland), not Galerita pallida Brehm, 1858, nor Alauda
cristata pallida Whitaker, 1895.
Somaliland plateau.
Galerida theklae huriensis Benson
Galerida theklae huriensis Benson, 1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 68,
p. 9 — five miles south of the Ethiopia-Kenya border in the
Huri Hills, between Mega and Marsabit, 3,000 feet.
Huri Hills, Kenya Colony south to Marsabit.
GALERIDA MALABARICA
Galerida malabarica (Scopoli)
Alauda malabarica Scopoli, 1786, Del Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc.
2, p. 94 — China = Malabar Coast, ex Sonnerat.
Galerida malabarica propinqua Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 76 — Londa, Bombay Presidency.
Western half of the Indian Peninsula from Almedabad and
Gujarat to Travancore.
GALERIDA DEVA
Galerida deva (Sykes)
Alauda Deva Sykes, 1832, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 2,
p- 92 — Dukhun = Deccan.
Mirafra cantillans bangsi Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
52, p. 76 — Hospet, Madras Presidency.
India from eastern Punjab and the United Provinces south to
Mysore and Madras.
GALERIDA MODESTA
?Galerida modesta giffordi (Hartert)
Heliocorys modesta giffordi Hartert, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10,
p- v. — Gambaga, Gold Coast Hinterland.
Semi-arid belt from Upper Volta (Fadan Gurma) and Gold Coast
(Ghana) eastward across northern Nigeria to Darfur; doubtfully
distinct from G. m. modesta.
64 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Galerida modesta modesta Heuglin
Galerida modesta Heuglin, 1864, Journ. f. Orn., 12, p. 274 —
Bongo, Bahr el Ghazal.
Upper White Nile and Bahr el Ghazal to extreme northwestern
Uganda.
Galerida modesta nigrita (Grote)
Heliocorys modesta nigrita Grote, 1920, Orn. Monatsb., 28, p. 98
— Mamou, Province of Futa Jallon, French Guinea.
French Guinea and Sierra Leone.
Galerida modesta striimpelli (Reichenow)
Mirafra striimpelli Reichenow, 1901, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 191 —
Ngaundere, Cameroons.
Heliocorys modesta saturatior Bannerman, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 42, p. 141 — Tibati, 2,800 feet, Cameroons.
Highlands of western Cameroons.
Galerida modesta bucolica (Hartlaub)
Miraffra [sic] bucolica Hartlaub, 1887, Zool. Jahrb., 2, p. 327 —
Tomaja, S. Bahr-el-Ghazal.
French Equatorial Africa and northern Belgian Congo.
GALERIDA MAGNIROSTRIS
Galerida magnirostris magnirostris (Stephens)
Alauda magnirostris Stephens, 1826, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 14, p. 26.
—South Africa = Cape Town, ex Levaillant.
Little Namaqualand to western Cape Province (vicinity of Cape-
town).
Galerida magnirostris harei (Roberts)
Calendula magnirostris harei Roberts, 1924, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,
10, p. 86 — Philipstown, Cape Province.
Transvaal, Orange Free State, and central Cape Province.
Galerida magnirostris montivaga (Vincent)
Calendula magnirostris montivaga Vincent, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 68, p. 146 —Sanqubetu Valley, at the junction of the
rivers Lekhalabaletsi and Sanqubetu, Basutoland; lat. 29°16’S.,
long. 29°21’ E., 8,000 feet.
Eastern border of Basutoland at high elevations in the Quath-
lamba Drakensberg.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 65
Genus LULLULA Kaur
Lullula Kaup, 1829, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Natiir. Syst. Europai-
schen Thierw., p. 92. Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda
arborea Linnaeus (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds,
p. 80).
LULLULA ARBOREA
Wood Lark
Lullula arborea arborea (Linnaeus)
Alauda arborea Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 166 —
Europe; restricted type locality, Sweden.
Alauda cristatella Latham, 1790, Index Orn., 2, p. 499 — Europe.
Lullula arborea wagneri Floericke, 1926, Mitt. Vogelw., p. 37 —
Portugal.
British Isles, Scandinavia and Finland north to about lat. 61° N.,
and northern Russia north to about lat. 60° N. and to the Urals;
south to Portugal, northern Spain, France and northern Italy.
Winters from southern England and central Europe southward to
the Mediterranean and Egypt.
Lullula arborea pallida Zarudny
Lullula arborea pallida Zarudny, 1902, Orn. Monatsb., 10, p. 54 —
Hills of Transcaspia.
Lullula flavescens Ehmcke, 1903, Journ. f. Orn., 51, p. 152 —
Romania.
Lullula arborea harterti Hilgert, 1908, Kat. Coll. Erlanger, p. 113
— Ain bou Driés, Tunisia.
Lullula arborea familiaris Parrot, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p.153
— Ajaccio, Corsica.
Lullula arborea wettsteini Niethammer, 1943, Anz. Akad. Wiss.
Wien. math.-naturwiss. K1]., no. 3, p. 7 — high plain of Nida,
Crete.
Southern Spain; north Africa from Morocco to Tunisia; Mediter-
ranean islands; southern Italy; southern Balkans; Greece; Asia
Minor and the Near East; Crimea to the Caucasus; northern Iran
to Khorasan and Transcaspia, and southwestern Iran in the Zagros.
Recorded in winter from Egypt.
Genus ALAUDA LINNAEUS
Alauda Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 165. Type, by
subsequent designation, Alauda arvensis Linnaeus (Selby, 1825,
He Brite Om. 1; (and Birds), p. xxix):
cf. Bianchi, 1906, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg (5), 25,
p- 53-60.
66 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Dementiev, 1937, in Buturlin and Dementiev, Polnii’ Oprede-
litel Ptits, 3, p. 131-134.
Ivanov, 1929, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S., 29, p.
279-287.
ALAUDA ARVENSIS
Sky Lark
Alauda arvensis arvensis Linnaeus
Alauda arvensis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 165 —
Europe = Sweden ex Fn. Svec., and restricted to Uppsala by
Meinertzhagen, 1951, p. 128.
Alauda arvensis scotica Tschusi, 1903, Orn. Jahrb., 14, p. 162 —
Scotland; type from Barncleugh, Kirkcudbrightshire.
Alauda arvensis tertialis Clancey, 1946, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 66,
p. 42 — Artillery Ranges, Larkhill; near Amesbury, Wiltshire,
England.
Alauda arvensis divergens Clancey, 1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 68,
p. 12 — Daliburgh, South Uist, Outer Hebrides.
Alauda arvensis theresae Meinertzhagen, 1947, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
67, p. 93 — Corofin, County Clare, Ireland.
Breeds on the Faroe Islands, British Isles, Ireland, northern
Europe, north to about lat. 70° in Scandinavia and to lat. 60°-
62° in Russia, east to the Urals, south to central France, Switzer-
land, Austria, and Russia south to about the latitude of Kharkov.
Migratory in the northern parts of its range, wintering in the south-
ern parts and to the Mediterranean coasts and North Africa. Breed-
ing boundaries between this race and A. a. cantarella not well known
or poorly defined.
Alauda arvensis sierrae Weigold
Alauda arvensis sierrae Weigold, 1913, Orn. Monatsb., 21, p. 124
— Capilleira, Sierra Nevada, Spain.
Alauda arvensis taiti Weigold, 1913, Orn. Monatsb., 21, p. 124
—near Lisbon, Portugal.
Alauda arvensis guillelmi Witherby, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
41, p.69 — Bom Jesus, Braga, Portugal.
Alauda arvensis ticehursti Whistler, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
48, p. 65 — San Miguel de Oya, near Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
Iberian Peninsula in northern Portugal (Braga; near Lisbon;
Serra Estrella; Serra Monchique) and in Spain (Vigo, Galicia;
Sierra Moncayo; Sierra Nevada).
Alauda arvensis harterti Whitaker
Alauda arvensis harterti Whitaker, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15,
p. 20 — El Oubira, central Tunisia.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 67
Alauda arvensis henrit Vaucher, 1923, Rev. Frang. Orn., 8, p.
155 — near Tangier, Spanish Morocco.
Mountains of North Africa from near Tangier to Tunisia; this
is perhaps the race breeding in the middle Atlas Plateau.
Alauda arvensis cantarella Bonaparte
Alauda cantarella Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 245 — cen-
tral Italy; restricted to Gubbio in the Roman Appenines by
Meinertzhagen, 1951, p. 128.
Alauda arvensis subsp. armenicus Bogdanov, 1879, Trudy Obch-
testwa Estestwoipytatelei Imp. Kazan Univ., 8, pt. 4, p. 75
— Akhaltsikha.
Alauda subtilis Ehmcke, 1904, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, 2, p.
301 — Podgorica, Montenegro [now Titograd, Yugoslavia].
Alauda arvensis var. hesperica Navas, 1907, An. Fac. Cienc. Zara-
goza, p. 264, fig. 18 — Aragon, Saragossa, Carinena.
Breeds in southern Europe in eastern Spain, southern France,
Italy, the Balkan Peninsula (south to Macedonia), Rumania, Bul-
garia, the Ukraine (limits in southern Russia not worked out), and
the Crimea; Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily; Transcaucasus and north-
ern Iran. Migrating in the northern part of its range, wintering
in eastern Iran and North Africa, Crete, Cyprus, the eastern Medi-
terranean and northern Egypt.
Alauda arvensis dulcivox Hume
Alauda dulcivox Horsfield and Moore, 1856, Cat. Birds East India
Co., 2, p. 466. Nomen nudum cited in synonymy of Alauda
arvensis.
Alauda dulcivox Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 40 — Hima-
layas and northwestern Punjab. First Description.
Alauda cinerea Ehmcke, 1903, Journ. f. Orn., 51, p. 149 — Bar-
naul, Siberia. Not Alauda cinerea Gmelin, 1789.
Alauda cinerascens Ehmcke, 1904 (April), Journ. f. Orn., 52, p.
313. New name for Alauda cinerea Ehmcke, preoccupied.
Alauda arvensis almasyi Keve, 1943, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien.,
no. 3, p. 17 — Naryn Kol, Russian Turkestan.
Breeds in southeastern Russia from Orenburg [now Chkalov], and
western Siberia north to lat. 60°-61° N. (occasionally to 66°), east
to the Yenisei and extreme eastern Semipalatinsk (Bakhty), south
to the southern borders of Russian Turkestan, northeastern Afgha-
nistan, the Pamirs, western Tien Shan, Tarbagatai, and the western
Altai. On migration or in winter to Mesopotamia, Palestine, northern
Egypt, Seistan, Baluchistan, northwestern India and the western
United Provinces.
Alauda arvensis kiborti Zolesski
Alauda arvensis intermedia of authors, not of Swinhoe.
68 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Alauda arvensis kiborti Zolesski, 1917, Mess. Orn., 8, p. 125 —
Old Ilanskaya, Kansk district, Siberia.
Alauda arvensis alticola Sushkin, 1925, List Distr. Birds Russian
Altai etc., p. 68 — Tschuja Steppe, southeastern Altai.
Alauda arvensis sushkini Domaniewski, 1933, Acta Orn. Mus.
Zool. Polonici, 1, p. 168 — Tschikoi River, Transbaikalia.
Breeds in the southern part of central Siberia, east of the Yenisei,
and north to the Vitim Plateau and the upper Lena (Gakutak),
extending eastward to the upper Amur, south to the eastern Altai,
northern Mongolia to south of the Kentei, Khangai, and Great
Khingan mountains (Dolon Nor), central Manchuria and Korea.
Winters in eastern China south to Foochow [= Minhow].
Alauda arvensis intermedia Swinhoe
Alauda intermedia Swinhoe, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 89
— Shanghai, China.
Alauda arvensis quelpartae Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient.,
1, no. 1, p. 14 (Japanese text), 83 (English text) — U-mén,
Quelpart Island.
Alauda arvensis nigrescens Kistjakowsky and Kotschubei, 1929,
Mém. Acad. Sci. Ukraine, 13, math-phys. cl., p. 249 — regions
of the Ussuri River.
Alauda arvensis pusilla Ivanov, 1929, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci.
U.R.S.S., 1928, p. 284 — Altynowka, Khanka Lake, south
Ussuri.
Breeds on the lower Amur, probably up-stream to the Zeya River,
Ussuriland, and probably northeastern Manchuria. Winters in east-
ern China south to Foochow.?
Alauda arvensis pekinensis Swinhoe
Alauda pekinensis Swinhoe, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
89 — Pekin [now Peiping], China.
Alauda blakistoni Stejneger, 1884, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
2, p. 98 — Kamchatka and Bering Island.
Alauda buxtoni J. A. Allen, 1905, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
21, p. 247 — Gichiga, northeastern Siberia, 7.e. Gizhiga, head
of the Gulf of Gizhiginskaya, Sea of Okhotsk.
Breeds in northeastern Siberia from the middle Lena, middle
and upper Yana, the upper Indigirka, the lower Kolyma, and the
Chukotski Peninsula, south to the upper Zeya, shores of the Sea
of Okhotsk, Kamchatka, the Kommandorski Islands and the Kurile
Islands. In migration or in winter to Manchuria, Ussuriland, Sakha-
lin, Japan, Korea and northeastern China.
1 3 specimens from Foochow (now Minhow) in La Touche Coll. in Mus.
Comp. Zool.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 69
Alauda arvensis loénnbergi Hachisuka
Alauda arvensis lénnbergi Hachisuka, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
47, p. 23 — Chepisani, Sakhalin.
Breeds on the Shantar Islands and on Sakhalin; this is possibly
the race breeding on the lower Amur (Mariinsk). On migration or
in winter to Korea, northeastern China (Chinkiang'), Quelpart
Island and Japan.
Alauda arvensis japonica Temminck and Schlegel
Alauda japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1848, in Siebold, Fauna
Japonica, Aves, p. 87, pl. 47 — Japan; restricted to northern
Hondo by Yamashina, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 59, p. 135.
Alauda arvensis kagoshimae Yamashina, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
59, p. 1384 — Sakurajima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kiusiu.
Largely resident in Japan where breeding on Hokkaido, Hondo,
Sado and Kiusiu; Quelpart Island. Recorded from Seven Islands
of Izu (Niijima; Hachijo), Shikoku, Tsu Shima, Tanega Shima,
Yaku Shima, Makeno Shima, and the Riu Kiu Islands (Amami
O Shima; Okinawa; Miyako).
ALAUDA GULGULA
Alauda gulgula inconspicua Severzov
Alauda inconspicua Severzov, 1873 (December, 1872)?, Izvestiia
Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvoznaniia, An-
tropologii i Etnografii?, Moskva, 8, pt. 2, p. 142 — Turkestan.
Alauda gulgula punjaubi Whistler, 1936, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc., 38, p. 767 — Ferozepor, River Sutlej, Punjab.
Resident in southwestern Asia in Transcaspia, Russian Turkestan
north to the desert of Kyzyl-Kum and Tarbagatai, eastern Iran,
Afghanistan, Baluchistan, southern Punjab, Sind, and western
United Provinces.
Alauda gulgula Ihamarum Meinertzhagen and Meinertzhagen
Alauda guttata Brooks, 1873, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 41, pt. 2,
p. 73 — Srinagar, Kashmir. Not Alauda guttata Lafresnaye,
1839.
Alauda arvensis lhamarum R. and A. Meinertzhagen, 1926, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, p. 100 — Ladak.
Resident in the Pamirs (Dzhaushangoz Valley) and in the Hima-
layas from Gilgit and Kashmir south to northern Punjab.
1 Specimen in La Touche coll. Mus. Comp. Zool., taken 20 Jan., 1901.
2 For date of publication see Démentiev, 1932, Alauda, 2, p. 9.
3 Bull. Imp. Soc. Friends Nat. Hist., Anthrop. and Ethnogr., Moscow.
Severzoy’s well known paper “Vertikal’noe i gorizontal’noe raspredielnie
Turkestanskikh zhivotn’ikh”’ appeared in this journal, but is usually cited
under the name of the article. Translation, Journ. f. Orn., 21, 1873, p. 321-389;
22, 1874, p. 403-447; 23, 1875, p. 58-104, 168-200.
6
70 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Alauda gulgula inopinata Bianchi
Alauda japonica inopinata Bianchi, 1904, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad.
Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 9, p. xxiv, xxx, xxxi — eastern Tibet
from the Nan Shan and Koko Nor to the Mekong.
Breeds in western China from the Nan Shan and northern Kansu
southward to southeastern Tibet. On migration or in winter to
Nepal, northern Burma, and the plains of northern India.
Alauda gulgula sala Swinhoe
Alauda sala Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 354 — Hoitow, Hainan
Alauda arvensis hainana Hartert, 1922, Abhandl. Ber. Zool. Mus.
Dresden, 15, no. 3, p. 21 — Kuing-Chow, Hainan.
Island of Hainan, and the opposite mainland on the Linchow
Peninsula (Kwangchowan).
Alauda gulgula herberti Hartert
Alauda arvensis herberti Hartert, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p. 149 — Bangkok, Siam.
Central and southern Thailand, Cambodia, and Cochin-China.
Alauda gulgula wattersi Swinhoe
Alauda wattersi Swinhoe, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 389 —
‘South Formosa and the Pescadores’’.
Island of Formosa.
?Alauda gulgula wolfei Hachisuka
Alauda arvensis wolfet Hachisuka, 1930, Orn. Soc. Japan, Suppl.
Pub. no. XIV, p. 215 — Los Banos, Luzon.
Philippine Islands; Luzon, Sibuyan, Ticao, Bohol; doubtfully
distinct from A. g. watiersi
Alauda gulgula vernayi Mayr
Alauda arvensis vernayi Mayr, 1941, Ibis, p. 375 — Changy-inhku,
Burma-Yunnan border.
Extreme southeastern Tibet (Phari) and Bhutan, eastward in the
mountains of northern Burma to western Yunnan (Weiksi; Tengyueh
[now Tengchung)).
Alauda gulgula weigoldi Hartert
Alauda arvensis weigoldi Hartert, 1922, Abhandl. Ber. Zool. Mus.
Dresden, 15, no. 3, p. 20 — Hankow, China.
Middle China from Szechwan eastward, in the Yangtse Valley;
birds from the Lichiang Range in western Yunnan should probably
be referred here, but approach inopinata.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 71
Alauda gulgula coelivox Swinhoe
Alauda coelivox Swinhoe, 1859, Zoologist, 17, p. 6724 — Amoy,
Fukien, China.
Alauda gulgula pescadoresi La Touche, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
43, p. 20 — Fisher Island, Pescadores Islands.
[Alauda gulgula] pescadoresiana La Touche, 1930, Handb. Birds
Eastern China, 1, pt. 5, p. 451, note. Emendation.
Resident in southeastern China in provinces of Fukien, Kwang-
tung (except Luichow Peninsula) and Kwangsi; southern Yun-
nan(?); coast of Tonkin, central Annam.
Alauda gulgula gulgula Franklin
Alauda Gulgula Franklin, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 1, 1830-31, p.119— Ganges between Calcutta and Be-
nares, or Vindhya Hills; restricted to between Calcutta and
Benares by Whistler, 1936, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 38, p.767.
Eastern India south to Mysore (Bangalore) and Madras (city),
Bengal, Assam, Manipur, and Burma (except those portions occupied
by vernayi); Ceylon.
Alauda gulgula australis Brooks
Alauda Australis Brooks, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 486 —
Ooctacamund.
Southern India in the Nilgiri and Palni hills, and in Cochin and
Travancore.
GENUS EREMOPHILA Bote
Eremophila Boie, 1828, Isis von Oken, 21, col. 322. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, O. alpestris = Alauda alpestris Linnaeus
(Sharpe, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1874), p. 651).4
Otocoris Bonaparte, 1838, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, 2, p.407.
Type, by monotypy, Phileremos cornutus Bonaparte = Alauda
cornuta Wilson = Alauda alpestris Linnaeus.
Otocorydopsis Bianchi, 1906, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg
(5), 25, p. 29. Type, by original designation and monotypy,
Otocoris berlepschi Hartert.
cf. Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 801-883.
Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 4, p. 295-327.
Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 520-526.
Hellmayr, 1929, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17,
no 3, p. 71-80 (Himalayan and south Sinkiang races).
Whistler, 1932, Ibis, p. 470-478.
Stresemann et al., 1937, Journ. f. Orn., 85, p. 495-499.
Behle, 1942, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 46, p. 205-316.
1 Not affected by Hremophilus Humboldt, 1811, Pisces.
6*
72 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
American Ornithologists’ Union, Check-list, 1957, ed. 5,
p. 352-357.
Cooper Ornith. Cl., Pacific Coast Avif. no. 33, 1957, p. 103-106.
EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS
Horned Lark
Eremophila alpestris flava (Gmelin)
Alauda flava Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 800 — Siberia;
restricted to the mouth of the Yenisei by Meinertzhagen, 1928,
Ibis, p. 523.
Otocorys alpestris euroa Thayer and Bangs, 1914, Proc. New Eng-
land Zool. Cl., 5, p. 48 — Nizhne Kolymsk, Siberia.t
Breeds in northern Palearctic region from Finmark, Lapland,
Kola Peninsula, Kolguev Island, Novaya Zemlya, Vaigach, Franz
Josef Land, the Siberian tundra east to the mouth of the Yenisei
(absent from the Taimyr Peninsula) and at the mouth of the Lena,
south to northern Sweden (J&émtland) and southward in the alpine
zones of the mountains of Siberia to the north end of Lake Baikal,
the Stanovoi and Tukuringra Mts. On migration or in winter to the
British Isles, central and southeastern Europe, the Kirghiz Steppes,
Turkestan (rarely), and northeastern China; occasionally to Sakha-
lin, the Kurile Islands and the northern Japanese Islands.
Eremophila alpestris balcanica (Reichenow)
Otocorys penicillata balcanica Reichenow, 1895, Orn. Monatsb., 3,
p- 42 — Balkan; types from Bosnia.
Mountains of southeastern Europe in Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and
northern Greece.
Eremophila alpestris penicillata (Gould)
Alauda Penicillata Gould, 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 5,
(1837), p. 126 — Erzerum, Asia Minor.
Mountains of Asia Minor (except area occupied by bicornis), the
Caucasus, and western Iran in Azerbaijan, Kermamshah, the
Bakhtiari country, Luristan, Fars, and western Hamadan.
1 Hremophila alpestris ewroa is perhaps a recognizable race; compared
with May birds from northern Scandinavia, May specimens of ewroa from
the lower Kolyma show no appreciable color differences except that the
yellow of the throat and forehead is very slightly paler, but the wings average
longer.
5 § flava northern Scandinavia, have wings 106.8—109.4 (107.9 mm.).
8 ¢g euroa, Nizhne Kolymsk, have wings 109-115.1 (111.45 mm.).
Although taken in mid-May the type series of ewroa was not composed of
breeding birds, thus the nesting range of this population is not known. Horned
Larks with yellow throats and foreheads taken on the China coast in winter
also average longer wings than winter specimens from Europe.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 7B
Eremophila alpestris albigula (Bonaparte)
Otocoris albigula Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 246 — “ex
Alp. Ross.-Asiat.’’; restricted to the Hissar Mts., Turkestan
by Meinertzhagen, 1928, Ibis, p. 523.
Otocorys pallida Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 529
(in key), p. 533 — central Asia = Kashgar. Not Otocoris alpe-
stris pallida Dwight, 1890 (April).
Otocorys diluta Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 13, p. 670 —
new name for O. pallida Sharpe, preoccupied.
Otocorys penicillata transcaspica Floricke, 1898, Gefiederte Welt,
p. 46 — Gudan, Kopet Dag.
Otocoris oreodrama Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 24,
p. 806 (in key), p. 876'—Tagdumbash Pamir, Central Asia.
Otocorys penicillata iranica Zarudny and Harms, 1902, Orn.
Monatsb., 10, p. 53 — northern Iran eastward from the Elburz
Chain and south to the desert of Lut and the hills of the Sarhad
region in Baluchistan.
Mountains of northern and eastern Iran, Transcaspia, Afghani-
stan, Turkestan, the Pamirs, western Tien Shan and western Sinkiang
(Kashgar; Yarkand).
Eremophila alpestris brandti (Dresser)
Otocorys brandti Dresser, 1874, Birds Europe, pt. 32, p. 3; pt. 33,
p. 4 [= 4, p. 397, 402 of volume] = Kirghiz Steppes.
Otocorys Parvexi Taczanowski, 1876, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1,
p. 161 — Daurian Steppes and near Kiachta.
Otocorys brandti montana Bianchi, 1904, Ibis, p. 371 — mountains
of the northern part of central Asia; type from Yulduz, central
Tien Shan.
Eremophila alpestris bachlowi Meise, 1932, Orn. Monatsb., 40, p.44
— Tarbagatai.
Eremophila alpestris altaica Meise, 1932, Orn. Monatsb., 40, p.44
— Tscholesman, Altai.
Steppes from east of the Volga southward to the Sea of Azov
and eastward in the Altai and Transbaikalia; mountains of western
Mongolia (Sayan, Tannu Ola, Khangai); Tarbagatai; Tien Shan;
northern Manchuria, Gobi and Ala Shan, to northern Kansu (Richt-
hofen Range; upper Sining-ho); in winter to Shansi and Hopeh
(specimens in Mus. Comp. Zool.).
Eremophila alpestris longirostris (Moore)
Otocoris longirostris Moore, 1856, (Gould ms.), Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 23, (1855), p. 215 — neighborhood of Agra; error,
the types are from Kulu, probably on the Rhotang Pass.
1 Otocoris penicillata oreodrama, p. 876.
74 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Otocoris perissa Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 24, p.806
(in key), p. 869 — Tsokr Chumo Lake, Ladak.
Otocorys wellsi Babault, 1920, Mission Guy Babault dans les provs.
centr. de l’Inde etc., Rés. Scient., Oiseaux, p. 203, pl. 4 —
Serchu and Nima Mud.
Eremophila alpestris deosai R. and A. Meinertzhagen, 1926, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, p. 84 — Deosai Plateau 13,200 feet, Kashmir.
Northwestern Himalayas in Baltistan, Zaskar, Lahul and Spiti
eastward to Kumaon(?), and north to the Karakorum Range.
Eremophila alpestris teleschowi (Przewalski)
Otocoris Teleschowi Przewalski, 1887 (Jan.?), Zapiski Imp. Akad.
Nauk, St. Pétersbourg, 55, p.93— mountainous border of
northern Tibet between the Cherchensky and Khotansky rivers
and on the west uf the Chamen-tag in the Tibetan highlands.
Otocoris Teleschowi Przewalski, 1887 (July), Journ. f. Orn., 35,
p. 284 — northern Tibet and in the bordering Russian region.
(German translation by Deditius).
Otocorys teleschowi Przewalski, 1887 (Oct.), Ibis, p. 417 — moun-
tainous border of northern Tibet in the Russian Range, and
in the Chiman Tagh Range. (English translation by E. Delmar
Morgan).
Southern Sinkiang on the northern slopes of the western Kun Lun,
the Altyn Tagh south of Lob Nor, and the Chiman Tagh.
Eremophila alpestris przewalskii (Bianchi)
Otocorys brandti przewalskii Bianchi, 1904, Ibis, p. 371 — Zaidam.
Northwestern Tsing Hai in the southern and western parts of the
Tsaidam region.
Eremophila alpestris argalea (Oberholser)
Otocoris argalea Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 24,
p. 806 (in key), p. 871 — Sughet Pass, Kuen Lun Mts., Sinkiang.
Northern and eastern borders of Kashmir in the Aktagh, Sughet,
and Chang Chemmo ranges, extending into Ladak towards Lake
Tso Morari.
Eremophila alpestris elwesi (Blanford)
Otocoris Elwesi Blanford, 1872, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 41,
pt. 2, p. 62 — Kangra Lama Pass between 15,000 and 16,000
feet, Sikkim.
Southern Tibet (northward limits not known) and northern Sikkim.
Eremophila alpestris nigrifrons (Przewalski)
Otocorys nigrifrons Przewalski, 1876, Mongol. i Strana Tangut.,
2, (Aves), p. 103 — Kansu, Koko Nor, Zaidam and northern
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 75
Tibet; restricted to Koko Nor by Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 370.
Eastern Tsing Hai in the country about Koko Nor, and the Baa
plains, western Kansu in the region north of Choni.
Eremophila alpestris khamensis (Bianchi)
Otocorys elwesi khamensis Bianchi, 1904, Ibis, p. 372 — Kham,
’ southeastern Tibet; type from Dy-chu, or the upper Yangtse,
ex Bianchi, 1906, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg (5),
25, p. 26.
Central Sikang in the Kham country.
Eremophila alpestris atlas (Whitaker)
Otocorys atlas Whitaker, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, p. xlvii —
Glani [= Glaoui, 5,000 feet], Grand Atlas, Morocco. Col. pl.,
Ibis, 1898, p. 13.
Higher parts of the Grand Atlas and Middle Atlas in Morocco.
Eremophila alpestris bicornis (Brehm)
Phileremos bicornis Brehm, 1842, Isis von Oken, col. 504 — Le-
banon, in winter in the Syrian lowlands.
Eremophila alpestris aharonii Neumann, 1934, Anz. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 2, p. 333 — Ras Baalbek, Lebanon.
Southern Asia Minor in the Taurus Mts. near Eregli; Lebanon
and Palestine.
Eremophila alpestris arcticola (Oberholser)
Otocoris alpestris arcticola Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
24, p. 806 (in key), p. 816— Fort Reliance, Yukon River,
Yukon Territory.
Breeds from northern Alaska and the upper Yukon Valley south
to the Mt. McKinley district and on the high mountains of British
Columbia to the mountain summits of northern Washington. Win-
ters in the interior of British Columbia and south through eastern
Washington and western Montana to extreme northeastern Cali-
fornia, northern Utah and Wyoming.
Eremophila alpestris alpina (Jewett)
Otocoris alpestris alpina Jewett, 1943, Auk, 60, p. 262 — Mt. St.
Helens, Skamania County, Washington.
Breeds on the arctic-alpine summits of Mt. Rainier and Mt. St.
Helens, western Washington. Winters in the surrounding lowlands.
Eremophila alpestris hoyti (Bishop)
Otocoris alpestris hoyti Bishop, 1896, Auk, 13, p. 130 — Cando,
Towner County, North Dakota.
76 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds along the Arctic Coast of North America from the mouth
of the Mackenzie eastward to the west shore of Hudson Bay and
Southampton Island, north to the Boothia Peninsula, and south to
northern Alberta and northern Manitoba. Winters south to Nevada,
Utah, eastern Kansas, and Michigan, casually eastward to southern
New England and south to Maryland.
Eremophila alpestris alpestris (Linnaeus)
Alauda alpestris Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 166 —
North America = coast of South Carolina.
Breeds from southeastern Baffin Island, Resolution Island in
Hudson Strait, and northern Labrador south to the southern end
of James Bay, the Gaspé Peninsula, southern Labrador and New-
foundland. Winters west to Manitoba and south to the Ohio Valley,
West Virginia and northwestern Georgia, and on the Atlantic coast
to South Carolina.
Eremophila alpestris leucolaema Coues
Eremophila alpestris var. leucolaema Coues, 1874, Birds Northwest,
p. 38, 39 — Fort Randall [South Dakota].
Breeds from southern Alberta southward through western and
central Montana, Wyoming, northern Nevada and northern Utah
southeast to central Colorado, eastern New Mexico and northwestern
Texas. Winters in the breeding range from Montana southward,
and in southeastern California, northern Sonora, Chihuahua and
southern Texas.
Eremophila alpestris enthymia (Oberholser)
Otocoris alpestris enthymia Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
23, p. 807 (in key), p. 817 — St. Louis, Saskatchewan.
Breeds from in the Great Plains of central Saskatchewan south-
ward through eastern Montana, western North Dakota, eastern
Wyoming, western South Dakota, western Nebraska, eastern Colo-
rado and western Kansas south to southern Texas, southern Coa-
huila and western Oklahoma. Winters south to southern Texas, south-
eastern California and Coahuila. Doubtfully distinct from £. a. leu-
colaema.
Eremophila alpestris praticola (Henshaw)
Otocorys alpestris praticola Henshaw, 1884, Auk, 1, p. 258, 264 —
Mt. Carmel and Richland County, Lllinois, and Gainesville,
Texas = Richland County, Illinois.
Otocoris alpestris atlantica H. O. Green, 1940, Odlogist, 57, p. 9
— Revere, Massachusetts.
Breeds from southwestern Manitoba, southeastern Ontario, south-
western Quebec and Maine south to eastern Kansas, central Mis-
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE ie
souri, southern Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia and North Carolina.
Winters south to Texas, Tennessee, northeastern Georgia.
Eremophila alpestris strigata (Henshaw)
Otocorys alpestris strigata Henshaw, 1884, Auk, 1, p. 261, 267 —
Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, Yuba County, California and
Albany, Oregon = Fort Steilacoom, Washington.
Breeds in the humid coastal belt west of the crest of the Cascade
Range in extreme southwestern British Columbia, Washington and
Oregon. Winters chiefly in breeding range, but also into eastern
Washington, eastern Oregon and possibly also northern California.
Eremophila alpestris merrilli (Dwight)
Otocoris alpestris merrilli Dwight, 1890, Auk, 7, p. 153 — Fort
Klamath, Oregon.
Breeds on the east slope of the Cascade Range and in lowland
plains east of the mountains from the Chilcotin Plateau in central
British Columbia south through Washington and Oregon to central-
northern California, and northeastern California west of the Warner
Mts. Winters in southern part of breeding range, and in the Sacra-
mento Valley, California.
Eremophila alpestris lamprochroma (Oberholser)
Otocoris alpestris lamprochroma Oberholser, 1932, Sci. Publ. Cleve-
land Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, no. 1, p. 4 — Spanish Lake, eastern base
of Hart Mt., northern end of Warner Valley, 20 miles northeast
of Adel, Lake County, Oregon.
Breeds in southeastern Oregon, extreme southwestern Idaho,
northeastern California (Lassen County; east of the Warner Mts.;
Lake Momo region), and western Nevada where it intergrades with
E.a.utahensis east of long. 118°W. Winters within the breeding
range and in California in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys
and in southeastern California.
Eremophila alpestris utahensis (Behle)
Otocoris alpestris utahensis Behle, 1938, Condor, 40, p. 89 — ten
miles west of Salt Lake City airport, Salt Lake County, Utah.
Breeds in south-central Idaho south to east-central Nevada and
west-central Utah west of the Wasatch Mts. Winters in its breeding
range and in southern Nevada and southern California.
Eremophila alpestris sierrae (Oberholser)
Otocoris alpestris sierrae Oberholser, 1920, Condor, 22, p. 34 —
head of Pine Creek, Lassen County, California.
Breeds in northeastern California in the southern part of the
Cascade Range and northern part of the Sierra Nevada. Winters
in the Howey Valley, Lassen County, and in the Sacramento Valley.
78 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Eremophila alpestris rubea (Henshaw) .
Otocorys alpestris rubeus Henshaw, 1884, Auk, 1, p. 260, 267 —
Stockton, California; error = Marysville, Yuba County, Cali-
fornia.
’Otocoris berlepschi Hartert, 1890, Journ. f. Orn., 38, p. 103 —
“‘Caffraria’’; error = 2?!
Resident in the Sacramento Valley, California.
Eremophila alpestris actia (Oberholser)
Otocoris alpestris actia Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
24, p. 806 (in key), p. 845 —Jacumba, San Diego County,
California.
Resident throughout the Coast Range area of California from
Humboldt County southward to about lat. 30° N. in Baja Cali-
fornia; also the San Joaquin Valley in California, intergrading with
rubea to the north and with ammophila in the extreme south.
Eremophila alpestris insularis (Dwight)
Otocoris alpestris insularis Dwight, 1890 (April), (Townsend ms.),
Auk, 7, p. 152, in text — Santa Cruz Islands, California = San
Clemente Island.
Breeds on the Channel Islands off the coast of southern Califor-
nia. Winters in the breeding range and on the adjacent mainland.
Eremophila alpestris ammophila (Oberholser)
Otocoris alpestris ammophila Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U. 8S. Nat.
Mus., 24, p. 806 (in key), p. 849 — Coso Valley, southeastern
California; type from near Maturango Spring.
Breeds in the Amargosa and Mojave deserts in southwestern
Nevada and southeastern California. Winters in breeding range and
south to northeastern Baja California and northwestern Sonora.
Eremophila alpestris leucansiptila (Oberholser)
Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwight, 1890 (April), (Townsend ms.),
Auk, 7, p. 154— Lower California and Sonora; type from
Direction Hill between Adair Bay and the mouth of the Rio
Colorado, Sonora. Not Phileremos pallidus Brehm, 1842, which
is Hremophila alpestris subsp. ?
Otocoris alpestris leucansiptila Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., 24, p. 806 (in key), p. 864 —Yuma, Arizona.
Chinophilus alpestris dwighti Stresemann, 1922, Orn. Monatsb.,
30, p. 88. New name for O. a. pallida Dwight, preoccupied.
1 For notes on status and possible identity of this bird see Stresemann,
1924, Journ. f. Orn., 72, p. 260; Neumann, 1927, Journ. f. Orn., 75, p. 374
—376.
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE 79
Resident in the Colorado Desert from extreme southwestern
Nevada, southeastern California, western Arizona to northeastern
Baja California, and extreme northwestern Sonora.
Eremophila alpestris occidentalis (McCall)
Otocoris ?occidentalis McCall, 1851, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 5, p. 218 — near Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Breeds in northern and central Arizona east to north-central New
Mexico. Winters in the breeding range and southward into northern
Sonora, Chihuahua and western Texas.
Eremophila alpestris adusta (Dwight)
Otocoris alpestris adustus Dwight, 1890, Auk, 7, p. 148 — Camp
Huachuca and Sulphur Spring, Arizona, Chihuahua, Mexico =
Fort Huachuca, Arizona.
Resident in southern Arizona (north to Tucson and west to the
eastern base of the Baboquivari Mts.) and extreme southwestern
New Mexico, extending along the Mexican border in northern Sonora
from long. 112°W. eastward.
Eremophila alpestris giraudi (Henshaw)
Otocorys alpestris giraudi Henshaw, 1884, Auk, 1, p. 260, 266 —
Corpus Christi and Brownsville, Texas.
Resident in the coastal prairie region from Galveston Bay, Texas
to extreme northeastern Tamaulipas.
Eremophila alpestris enertera (Oberholser)
Otocoris alpestris enertera Oberholser, 1907, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 20, p. 41 — Llano de Yrais, near Magdalena Bay, Baja
California.
Otocoris alpestris baileyi van Rossem, 1943, Condor, 45, p. 235 —
West San Benito Island, Baja California.
Resident in west-central Baja California, including coastal islands
from Santa Rosalia Bay and San Benito Islands south to Magdalena
Bay and Santa Margarita Island.
Eremophila alpestris aphrasta (Oberholser)
Otocoris alpestris aphrasta Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
24, p.806 (in key), p.860— Casas Grandes, Chihuahua,
Mexico.
North-central Mexico in states of Chihuahua and Durango.
Eremophila alpestris diaphora (Oberholser)
Otocoris alpestris diaphora Oberholser, 1902, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
24, p. 806 (in key), p. 829 — Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
80 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Eastern Mexico in extreme southeastern Coahuila, Nuevo Leén,
southern Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, Querétaro and northeastern Puebla
(Alchichica).
Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema (Wagler)
Alauda chrysolaema Wagler, 1831, Isis von Oken, col. 530 —
Mexico = southern tablelands of Mexico ex Nelson, 1897, Auk,
14, p. 55.
Southern portion of the Mexican Plateau in states of Jalisco, |
Michoacan, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Mexico, Morelos,
Tlaxcala, Puebla, Veracruz and Distrito Federal.
Eremophila alpestris oaxacae (Nelson)
Otocoris alpestris oaxacae Nelson, 1897, Auk, 14, p.54— San
Mateo del Mar, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Southern Mexico in eastern portion of the State of Oaxaca.
Eremophila alpestris peregrina (Sclater)
Otocorys peregrina Sclater, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 23,
p- 110, pl. CIT — Bogota, Colombia.
Confined to the savanna of Bogota, Colombia.
EREMOPHILA BILOPHA
Eremophila bilopha (Temminck)
Alauda bilopha Temminck, 1823, Pl. col., livr. 41, pl. 244, fig. 1—
deserts of Aqaba, Arabia.
Eremophila bilopha elegans Stresemann, 1926, Orn. Monatsb., 34,
p. 136 — Rio de Oro.
Stony portions of the Sahara from Rio de Oro and southern
Morocco to Egypt, Sinai, and northern Arabia, extending north-
ward and eastward to the Syrian Desert and western Iraq.
Famity HIRUNDINIDAE
JAMES L. PErErRs!
cf. Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 3, p. 23-103.
Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, Heft 6, p. 799-817; ¢. c., 1922,
Heft 19, p. 2173-2177.
— and Steinbacher, 1935, op. cit., Heft 4, p. 345-352.
Stuart-Baker, 1926, Fauna Brit. India, ed. 2, Birds, 3, p. 225-
PATER
Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 574-589.
1 Ms. read by: James P. Chapin (Africa), Eugene Eisenmann (America).
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 81
Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13,
pt. 8; p. 11-81.
Jackson and Sclater, 1938, Birds Kenya Col. and Uganda Prot.,
3, p. 1142-1143, 1138-1144, 1159-1162.
Bannerman, 1939, Birds Trop. W. Africa, 5, p. 236-303.
Hornero, 7, 1940, p. 447-450.
Mayr and Bond, 1943, Ibis, p. 334-341.
Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves do Brasil, pt. 2, p. 223-225.
Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Lista Aves Venezuela etc., pt. 2,
p- 215-221.
Chapin, 1953, Birds Belg. Congo, 3, p. 728-786.
Bond, 1956, Check-list Birds West Indies, ed. 4, p. 114-118.
Amer. Orn. Un. Checkl., 1957, ed. 5, p. 357-366.
SuBFAMILY PSEUDOCHELIDONINAE
GENUS PSEUDOCHELIDON Hartiavus
Pseudo-chelidon Hartlaub, 1861, Journ. f. Orn., 9, p. 11. Type,
by monotypy, Pseudochelidon eurystomina Hartlaub.
cf. Lowe, 1938, Ibis, p. 429-437.
Chapin, 1954, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Zool., 1, p. 9-15.
PSEUDOCHELIDON EURYSTOMINA
Pseudochelidon eurystomina Hartlaub
Pseudochelidon eurystomina Hartlaub, 1861, Journ. f. Orn., 9,
p. 12 — Gaboon.
Western Africa, breeding on the sand bars and islands of the
Kasai and middle Congo Rivers between Lukolela and Basoko
and lower Ubangi River; perhaps migrates to southwestern Gaboon.
SuBFAMILY HIRUNDININAE
Genus TACHYCINETA Capants
Tachycineta Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., Th. 1, 1850-51, p. 48.
Type, by original designation, Hirundo thalassina Swainson.
Iridoprocne [subgenus] Coues, 1878, Birds Colorado Valley, p. 412.
Type, by original designation, Hirundo bicolor Vieillot.
TACHYCINETA BICOLOR
Tree Swallow
Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot)
Hirundo bicolor Vieillot, 1808, Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, (1807), p. 61,
pl. 31 — center of the United States = New York.
Breeds from north-central Alaska, southwestern Yukon, west-
central Mackenzie, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, On-
82 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
tario, southern Quebec and central Newfoundland, south to southern
California, central Nevada, central Utah, western Colorado, Kansas,
central Missouri, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, central Ohio,
central Maryland New York, Connecticut and Rhode Island;
casually farther south. Winters from southern California, south-
western Arizona, northern Mexico, the Gulf Coast and southeastern
Virginia, south to southern Baja California, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Costa Rica, Panama and Cuba.
TACHYCINETA ALBILINEA
Mangrove Swallow
Tachycineta albilinea rhizophorae (van Rossem)
Iridoprocne albilinea rhizophorae van Rossem, 1939, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 52, p. 155 — Tobari Bay, Sonora, Mexico.
Breeds along the coast of northwestern Mexico from Southern
Sonora (Guasimas) to Colima (Lajuela).
Tachycineta albilinea albilinea (Lawrence)
Petrochelidon albilinea Lawrence, 1863, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.
New York, 8, no. 1, p. 2 — New Grenada = line of Panama R.R.
Breeds in the coastal regions of Mexico and Central America from
Oaxaca on the Pacific side and from southern Tamaulipas (Tam-
pico) on the Gulf of Mexico, south through Panama.
Tachycineta albilinea stolzmanni (Philippi)
Hirundo leucopygia 'Taczanowski, 1880, (ea Stolzmann ms.), Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 192 — Chepen, [Department of Libertad],
Peru. Not Hirundo leucopyga Meyen, 1834.1
Hirundo Stolzmanni Philippi, 1902, An. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool.,
15, p. 23, entr. 15, in text — new name to replace Hirundo
leucopygia 'Taczanowski.
Known only from the type locality on the coast of Peru.
TACHYCINETA ALBIVENTER
Tachycineta albiventer (Boddaert)
Hirundo albiventer Boddaert, 1783, Table Pl. Enlum., p. 32 —
Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pl. 546, fig. 2.
South America (but not the Pacific slope) from the Magdalena
Valley in northern Colombia eastward through Venezuela, the
Island of Trinidad and the Guianas, southward through eastern
Kcuador, eastern Peru and the greater part of Brazil to south-
eastern Bolivia (Moxos), Paraguay, northern Argentina (gober-
naciones of Chaco and Misiones, casually to northern Santa Fé
Province and Parana).
1 The spelling of lewcopyga was altered to leucopygia by Gould in Darwin,
1838, Zool. Voy. Beagle, pt. 3, p. 40.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 83
TACHYCINETA LEUCORRHOA
Tachycineta leucorrhoa (Vieillot)
Hirundo leucorrhoa Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14,
p- 519 — Paraguay.
Breeds in south-central South America from northern Bolivia
(Chatarona), Paraguay, southern Brazil and Uruguay south to
northern Argentina (provinces of Tucuman and Buenos Aires; Go-
bernacion de la Pampa(?)). Exact breeding limits not known;
recorded, probably as migrant or winter visitor, north to south-
eastern Peru (Cosnhipata), Mato Grosso (Vila Bela) and Minas Gerais
(Lagoa Santa).
TACHYCINETA LEUCOPYGA
Tachycineta leucopyga (Meyen)
Hirundo leucopyga ““Lichtenstein’”’ Meyen, 1834, Nova Acta Acad.
Caes. Leop. Carol., 16, suppl. 1, p. 73, pl. 10, fig. 2 — Santiago
de Chile.
Petrochelidon Meyeni Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., Th. 1, 1850-51,
p. 48 — new name for Hirundo leucopyga Meyen.
Breeds in southern South America from Province of Atacamo,
Chile on the west and from the Rio Negro (perhaps farther north)
on the east, south to Tierra del Fuego. Winters in Chile from the
south-central provinces northward, and in Argentina north to Men-
doza, Tucuman, Santa Fé and Buenos Aires provinces; exact breed-
ing and wintering limits in Argentina not fully determined.!
TACHYCINETA THALASSINA
Violet-green Swallow
Tachycineta thalassina lepida Mearns
Tachycineta lepida Mearns, 1902, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15,
5 March, p. 31 — Campbell’s ranch in the Laguna Mts., twenty
miles north of Campo, San Diego County, California.
Breeds from the Yukon Valley in Alaska, southwestern Yukon,
southwestern Alberta, central Montana and southwestern South
Dakota, south to central Baja California, southern Arizona and
southern New Mexico. Winters from southern California, southern
Arizona, Chihuahua and Coahuila south to Guatemala, El Salvador
and Honduras; casually to Costa Rica.
1 As previous authors have suggested, lewcorrhoa and leucopyga may be
only subspecifically distinct, but until the possibility of overlap in their
breeding ranges can be definitely disproved they are best maintained at the
specific level. Among swallows specific characters are generally more finely
drawn than in most other families of birds, and this must be borne in mind
when dealing with apparently representative forms.
84 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera Brewster
Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera Brewster, 1902, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zodél., 41, September, p. 167 — Sierra de la Laguna,
Baja California.
Breeds in the mountains of central (north to the Sierra Juarez)
and southern Baja California and in the coastal plain of southern
Sonora. Winters in the lowlands of southern Baja California and
possibly in southern Sonora.
Tachycineta thalassina thalassina (Swainson)
Hirundo thalassinus Swainson, 1827, Philos. Mag., n.s., 1, p. 366
— Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Mexican plateau region from southern Chihuahua south to Oaxaca,
Mexico, and Veracruz; possibly descending to the lowlands in winter.
Genus CALLICHELIDON Barrp
Callichelidon [Bryant ms.] Baird, 1865, Rev. Amer. Birds, sig. 17,
p- 271; sig. 19, p. 803. Type, by original designation, Hirundo
cyaneoviridis Bryant.
CALLICHELIDON CYANEOVIRIDIS
Bahama Swallow
Callichelidon cyaneoviridis (Bryant)
Hirundo cyaneoviridis Bryant, 1859, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,
7, sig. 8, p. 111 — Nassau, New Providence, Bahama Islands.
Breeds in the Bahama Islands, probably only on those with pine
forests, spreading to the other islands after the breeding season.
A portion of the population appears to winter in eastern Cuba.
GENuS KALOCHELIDON Bryant
Kalochelidon (subgenus) Bryant, 1866, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., 11, sig. 6, p. 95. Type, by monotypy, Hirundo euchrysea
var. dominicensis Bryant = Hirundo sclateri Cory.
Lamprochelidon Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16,
p. 106. Type, by original designation, Hirundo euchrysea Gosse.
KALOCHELIDON EUCHRYSEA
Golden Swallow
Kalochelidon euchrysea euchrysea (Gosse)
Hirundo euchrysea Gosse, 1847, Birds Jamaica, p. 68 — higher
mountains in the center of Jamaica.
Locally distributed in Jamaica.
1 Callichelodon, p. 271.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 85
Kalochelidon euchrysea sclateri (Cory)
Hirundo euchrysea var. dominicensis Bryant, 1866, Proc. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 11, sig. 6, p. 95 — Port au Prince, Haiti. Not
Hirundo dominicensis Gmelin.
Hirundo sclateri Cory, 1884, Auk, 1, p. 2— Santo Domingo.
Locally distributed in the mountains of Hispaniola.
Genus PROGNE Bote
Progne Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, col. 971. Type, by monotypy,
Hirundo purpurea ‘Gm. Wils. pl. 39, fig. 2”? = Hirundo subis
Linnaeus.
Phaeoprogne Baird, 1865, Rev. Amer. Birds, sig. 17, p. 272;
sig. 18, p. 283. Type, by subsequent designation, Hirundo tapera
Linnaeus (Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 172).
cf. Chapman, 1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H., 36, p. 503.
Todd, 1929, Auk, 46, p. 186-189.
Zimmer, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1723, p. 1-8.
PROGNE TAPERA
Progne tapera tapera (Linnaeus)
Hirundo Tapera Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 345 —
America; restricted to eastern Brazil by Berlepsch and Hartert,
1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 14, and Pernambuco by Pinto, 1940,
Rev. Mus. Paulista, 1, p. 270.
Colombia along the Caribbean Coast, the Magdalena Valley, and
region east of the Eastern Andes, Venezuela, British Guiana, French
Guiana, Dutch Guiana, southwestern Ecuador and northwestern
Peru, Brazil on the Rio Jurua, Rio Purts, the Madeira (Alianga,
and extending up the Rio Beni into Bolivia at Cachuela Esperanza),
the lower Tapajozs, Xingu, Tocantins and Capim Rivers and south-
ward to Pernambuco, Bahia and Goiaz.
Progne tapera fusca (Vieillot)
Hirundo fusca Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14, p. 510 —
Paraguay.
Breeds from eastern Bolivia (Department of Santa Cruz), Mato
Grosso (north to Descalvados and Guiaba), southern Goiaz (Jaragua,
Porto do Araguaia), Minas Gerais, and Espirito Santo, south to
Paraguay, northern Argentina (provinces of La Rioja, Tucuman,
Cérdoba, Corrientes and Buenos Aires), and Uruguay. Winters in
northern and eastern Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, eastern
Peru and northwestern Brazil (Maranhao) and Panama.
1 The structural modifications upon which this genus is based are out-
weighed by the otherwise close resemblance to Progne, and the characters
are best regarded as of specific value.
5
d
86 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
PROGNE SUBIS!
Purple Martin
Progne subis subis (Linnaeus)
Hirundo subis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 192 —
Hudson Bay.
Hirundo purpurea Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 344 —
North America = Carolina.
Progne subis floridana Mearns, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24,
p- 918 — Lake Kissimmee, Florida.
Breeds from southwestern British Columbia, central Alberta,
central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, southwestern and south-
eastern Ontario, southern Quebec, Prince Edward Island and central
Nova Scotia, south through western Washington and western Ore-
gon to the Mexican border in southern California, also to extreme
western Nevada, central Arizona, the highlands of Mexico south to
Jalisco, Guanajuato and Veracruz, south-central Texas, the Gulf
Coast, and southern Florida. Migrates chiefly through coastal
Yucatan and Central America and also Florida Keys, Cuba, and
probably other West Indian Islands; winters from southern Vene-
zuela, British Guiana and Surinam to southern and eastern Brazil.
Progne subis hesperia Brewster
Progne subis hesperia Brewster, 1889 (April), Auk, 6, p. 92 —
Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California.
Progne subis oberholsert Brandt, 1951, Arizona and its Bird Life,
p- 669 — Sahuaro National Monument, 2,500 feet, 15 miles
east of Tucson, Arizona.
Breeds in Baja California, the lowlands of southern Arizona and
coastal region of western Sonora; Tiburén Island. Recorded on
migration from Nicaragua and western Panama; winter range not
known.
PROGNE DOMINICENSIS
Progne dominicensis cryptoleuca Baird
Progne cryptoleuca Baird, 1865, Rev. Amer. Birds, sig. 18, p. 277
— Cuba and Florida Keys?; type from Remedios, Cuba.
Breeds in Cuba and the Isle of Pines. Recorded as a migrant from
Jamaica, Guatemala, and British Honduras; winter range unknown.
Progne dominicensis dominicensis (Gmelin)
Hirundo dominicensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 1025
— Hispaniola.
1 Progne subis, dominicensis, chalybea, and modesta probably represent
a superspecies; there is uncertainty as to breeding overlap.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 87
Breeds in the West Indies in Jamaica, Hispaniola, Ile 4 Vache,
Mona, Puerto Rico, Vieques, the Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles
(absent from some of the smaller islands in the Leeward Group),
and the Island of Tobago. A few remain throughout the year; the
majority winters in some region unknown.
Progne dominicensis sinaloae Nelson
Progne sinaloae Nelson, 1898, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12,
p. 59 — Plomosas, Sinaloa.
Breeds on the western slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental
between 2,500 and 7,500 feet in southwestern Chihuahua, Sinaloa
and northern Nayarit. A specimen described as intermediate between
sinaloae and dominicensis recorded from Laguna Perdida, Petén,
Guatemala.! Winter range unknown.
PROGNE CHALYBEA
Gray-breasted Martin
Progne chalybea chalybea (Gmelin)
Hirundo chalybea Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., ed. 2, 1, p. 1026 —
Cayenne.
Casual in southern Texas (Rio Grande City, Hidalgo) and breeds
in Mexico up to about 5,000 feet elevation from Nayarit on the west
and Tamaulipas on the east, southward over Central America and
northern South America to western Ecuador on the Pacific coast,
and to Peru (Jeberas, Chayavitas, Chamicuros, Yyrimaguas, Moyo-
bamba, Laguna), northern Brazil south of the Rio Negro and the
Amazon; eastern Para and northern Maranhao. Perhaps partly
migratory in the north.
Progne chalybea domestica (Vieillot)
Hirundo domestica Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14,
p. 520 — Paraguay.
Breeds from eastern Bolivia (Department of Santa Cruz) and
central and eastern Brazil from states of Mato Grosso, Goiaz, Piaui
and Pernambuco southward to Paraguay, the Argentine provinces
of Mendoza, Cordoba and Uruguay. Winters north at least to the
Rio Negro, Brazil.
PROGNE MODESTA
Progne modesta modesta Gould.
Hirundo concolor Gould, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 5,
p. 22 — Galapagos Archipelago; type from James Island. Not
Hirundo concolor Sykes, 1832.
1 Holt, 1926, Auk, 43, p. 550-551.
7*
88 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Progne Modesta Gould, 1838, in Darwin, Zool. Voy. Beagle, pt. 3,
pl. 5. New name for concolor
Central and southern islands of the Galapagos Archipelago.
Progne modesta elegans Baird
Progne elegans Baird, 1865, Rev. Amer. Birds, sig. 18, p. 275,
note. — Rio Bermejo, Argentina = yg. 3 and Q.
Progne furcata Baird, 1865, Rev. Amer. Birds, sig. 18, p. 278,
note — Chile = ad. J.
Breeds from the highlands of Bolivia (north to Cochabamba),
western Argentina, and eastern Argentina from southern Buenos
Aires Province south to Chubut. Winters north to the Rio Negro
and Rio Uaupés in Brazil.
Progne modesta murphyi Chapman
Progne murphyi Chapman, 1925, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 187, p. 6
— cliffs near Talara, coast of northwestern Peru.
Coast of Peru from Department of Piura south to Department of
Ica (Hacienda Ocucaje); casual in northern Chile (Chacalluta).
Genus NOTIOCHELIDON Batrp
Notiochelidon Baird, 1865, Rev. Amer. Birds, sig. 17, p. 270 (in
key), sig. 20, p. 306. Type, by original designation, Atticora
pileata Gould.
Pygochelidon Baird, 1865, Rev. Amer. Birds, sig. 17, p. 270 (in
key), sig. 20, p. 308. Type, by original designation, Hirundo
cyanoleuca Vieillot.
Orochelidon Ridgway!, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16,
p- 106. Type, by original designation, Petrochelidon murina
Cassin.
cf. Chapman, 1922, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 30, p. 1-15.
1 Although the original diagnosis of Orochelidon contained mention of
but the type species, it is evident from Ridgway’s subsequent remarks in
Birds North and Middle Amer. (pt. 3, p.27, note b) that he considered
Hirundo andecola to be congeneric with P. murina, indeed a portion of the
diagnosis ‘‘tail much less than two-thirds as long as wing and forked far
less than one quarter of its length, nearly even in one species’ indicates
that this portion at least was based on andecola or an immature murina.
I can find no significant proportional differences in adults between the tail,
tail-fork, and the wing-tail ratios that warrant the recognition of Orochelidon;
the degree of adhesion between the toes of the various species do not strike
me as of generic importance. The dark undertail-coverts of murina, cyano-
leuca and pileata argue for close relationship between the three species here
included in Notiochelidon.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 89
NOTIOCHELIDON MURINA
Notiochelidon murina murina (Cassin)!
Petrochelidon murina Cassin, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila-
delphia, 6, sig. 53, p. 370 — Ecuador.
Upper subtropical and temperate zones of Colombia in the Santa
Marta Mts. and all three Andean ranges chiefly at elevations between
2,100 and 3,750 meters; temperate zone of the Andes of Ecuador
and of Peru south to Arequipa.
Notiochelidon murina meridensis (Zimmer and Phelps)
Orochelidon murina meridensis Zimmer and Phelps, 1947, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1338, p. 6 — Llano Rucio, 2,500 meters, Mé-
rida, Venezuela.
Temperate zone of the Andes of western Venezuela in states of
Mérida (Llano Rucio; El Valle; El Escorial) and Trujillo (Teta de
Niquitao).
Notiochelidon murina cyanodorsalis (Carriker)
Orochelidon murina cyanodorsalis Carriker, 1935, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 87, p. 338 — Hichuloma, 10,700 feet,
Yungas R. R., La Paz, Bolivia.
Known only from the type locality.
NOTIOCHELIDON CYANOLEUCA
Notiochelidon cyanoleuca cyanoleuca (Vieillot)
Hirundo cyanoleuca Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14,
p- 509 — Paraguay.
Costa Rica and western Panama in provinces of Chiriqui and
Veraguas; Colombia in upper tropical and lower temperate zones;
subtropical zone of Venezuela; Island of Trinidad; British Guiana,
Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, southern and eastern Brazil from Mato
Grosso (Chapada), eastern Para (Benevides), Piaui, and Pernambuco
south to northwestern Argentina (Province of Tucuman), Paraguay,
and Uruguay.
Notiochelidon cyanoleuca peruviana (Chapman)
Pygochelidon patagonica peruviana Chapman, 1922, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 30, p. 7 — Huaral, Lima, Peru.
Resident on the coast of Peru from Department of Libertad
(Pacasmayo) to Department of Arequipa.
Notiochelidon cyanoleuca patagonica (d’Orbigny and Lafres-
naye)
Hirundo patagonica d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye, 1837, Syn. Av.
in Rev. Zool., p. 69 — Patagonia.
1 Replaces Atticora cinerea Gmelin of Sharpe’s Hand-list.
90 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds from the central provinces of Chile, and central Argentina
(exact northward limits not known but probably north to La Rioja,
Cordoba (?), southern Entre Rios and Buenos Aires) south to Tierra
del Fuego. On migration or in winter to northern Chile, northern
Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, eastern Peru, Colombia, Venezuela
and Panama; casually to Nicaragua and Chiapas, Mexico.
NOTIOCHELIDON FLAVIPES
Notiochelidon flavipes (Chapman)
Pygochelidon flavipes Chapman, 1922, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 30,
p. 8— Maraynioc, 10,850 feet, Junin, Peru.
Known only from the type from Peru and two additional specimens
from the Central Andes of Colombia (Laguneta 3,000 meters,
Caldas; Toche, 2,200 meters, Tolima).!
NOTIOCHELIDON PILEATA
Notiochelidon pileata (Gould)
Atticora pileata Gould, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 26,
p. 355 — Guatemala.
Highlands of Guatemala and adjoining part of Chiapas (Triunfo;
Volean Tacana).
Genus ATTICORA Bote
Atticora Boie, 1844, Isis von Oken, col. 172. Type, by subsequent
designation, Hirundo fasciata Gmelin (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen.
Subgen. Birds, p. 13).
Diplochelidon, Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16,
p-. 106. Type, by original designation, Hirundo melanoleuca
Wied.
ATTICORA FASCIATA
Atticora fasciata (Gmelin)
Hirundo fasciata Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 1022 —
Cayenne.
Southeastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, the Guianas, east-
ern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern Brazil, south to the Rio Jurua
(Rio Eiri); Rio Purtis (Bom Lugar); Rio Gi-Parana (Maruins);
Rio Guapore (Tres Barros); the Para region, and northeastern
Bolivia in departments of Beni and La Paz.
ATTICORA MELANOLEUCA
Atticora melanoleuca (Wied)
Hirundo melanoleuca Wied, 1820, Reise Brasilien, 1, p. 345 —
Rio Grande do Belmonte, Baia.
1 cf. de Schauensee, 1951, Caldasia, 5, no. 25, p. 878.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 91
Southeastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and
northern and eastern Brazil east of the Rio Negro and the Rio
Madeira, south to the Rio Guapore (Forte do Principe), the Rio
Roosevelt (Rio Branco), the Rio Xingu, Rio Tocantins (Arumateua)
and Bahia (Rio Belmonte).
GENUS NEOCHELIDON SctatTer
Microchelidon Sclater, 1862, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 39. Type
by monotypy, Petrochelidon tibialis Cassin. Not Microchelidon
Reichenbach, 1853.
Neochelidon Sclater, 1862, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. [xvi]. New
name for Microchelidon Sclater preoccupied.
cf. Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 138, p. 9-12.
NEOCHELIDON TIBIALIS
Neochelidon tibialis minimus Chapman
Neochelidon tibialis minimus Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 138, p. 9, Juntas de Tanana, Rio San Juan [Chocd], Co-
lombia.
Panama (Canal Zone; Darien), Colombia in the tropical zone of
the Pacific coast and the middle Magdalena valley, and western
Ecuador south to Chimbo.
Neochelidon tibialis griseiventris Chapman
Neochelidon griseiventris Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit. no.
138, p. 9 — Candamo [Puno], Peru.
Southern Colombia (Morelia), southeastern Venezuela (Cerro Auy-
antepui; Cerro Paurai-tepui; Alto Paragua), eastern Ecuador, east-
ern Peru in departments of Junin, Cusco, Puno, and Madre de Dios,
and western Brazil on the upper Jurua (Igarapé Grande).
Neochelidon tibialis tibialis (Cassin)
Petrochelidon(?) tibialis Cassin, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi-
ladelphia, 6, sig. 53, p.370— “probably South America’’;
Hellmayr, 1935, suggests vicinity of Rio de Janeiro as type
locality.
Southeastern Brazil in states of Espirito Santo (Santa Leopoldina)
and Rio de Janeiro (Cantagallo). Recorded from Rio Tapajos by
Zimmer, 1955.
Genus ALOPOCHELIDON Ripaway
Alopochelidon Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 16,
p- 106. Type, by original designation, Hirundo fucata Tem-
minck,
cf. Zimmer, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit, no. 1723, p. 16-20.
92 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
ALOPOCHELIDON FUCATA
Alopochelidon fucata (Temminck)
Hirundo fucata Temminck, 1822, Pl. col., livr. 27, pl. 161, fig. 1
— Brazil; vicinity of the City of Sao Paulo suggested as type
locality by Pinto, 1944, Aves do Brasil, pt. 2, p. 316.
Venezuela in the mountains of the north coast from El Valle
to Cumana, and the mountains of eastern Bolivar ;! extreme north-
ern Brazil in Territory of Rio Branco (opposite Santa Elena, Vene-
zuela), and southern Brazil in states of Mato Grosso (Trés Lagoas),
Minas Gerais, SAo Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul; eastern Peru
(Urubamba Cafion); Bolivia in departments of Cochabamba (Ele
Ele) and Tarija (Caiza); Paraguay; Uruguay, northern Argentina
south to provinces of Mendoza, Cordoba, Santa Fé, Entre Rios and
Buenos Aires.
Genus STELGIDOPTERYX Bartrp
Stelgidopteryx [subgenus] Baird, 1858, in Baird, Cassin and Law-
rence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pacific, 9, p. xxxiv, 312.
Type, by monotypy, Hirundo serripennis Audubon.
cf. Griscom, 1929, Proc. New England Zool. Cl., 11, p. 67-72.
Brodkorb, 1942, Condor, 44, p. 214-217.
Zimmer, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit. no. 1723, p. 16.
STELGIDOPTERYX RUFICOLLIS
Rough-winged Swallow
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis (Audubon)
Hirundo serripennis Audubon, 1838, Orn. Biogr., 4, p. 593 —
Charleston, South Carolina.
Breeds from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, south-
western Saskatchewan, southeastern Manitoba, southern Ontario,
central New York, central Vermont, central New Hampshire and
extreme southern Maine, south to California (except area occupied
by the next race), western and northern Nevada, northern Utah,
northern New Mexico, eastern Texas, the Gulf states, and central
Florida. Winters from the southwestern United States through
Mexico and Central America to Panama.
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis psammochroa Griscom
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis psammochrous Griscom, 1929, Proc. New
England Zool. Cl., 11, p.72—near Oposura, Sonora.
Breeds from southern California (south of the Tehachi Mts. and
San Bernardino County), southern Arizona and southern Texas,
1 Hellmayr suggests the possibility that this swallow occurs in Venezuela
only as a migrant from the south, but see also Zimmer, 1955.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 93
southward through the northern coastal plains and the arid interior
of Mexico to Baja California, Oaxaca, and Tamaulipas. Winters in
the southern part of its breeding range and south to Chiapas.
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis fulvipennis (Sclater)
Cotyle fulvipennis Sclater, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 27,
p. 364 — Jalapa, Veracruz.
Resident in the lowlands and middle altitudes of Mexico (except
northern Yucatan) and Central America from Michoacan, Guerrero
and Veracruz south to El Salvador and Honduras and in the high-
lands to Costa Rica.
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ridgwayi Nelson
Stelgidopteryx ridgwayi Nelson, 1901, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 14, p. 174 — Chichén Itza, Yucatan.
Yucatan Peninsula.
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis stuarti Brodkorb
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis stwarti Brodkorb, 1942, Condor, 44, p. 217
— Finca Panzamala, Alta Verapaz, Guatamala.
Mountains of southern Veracruz southward to the highlands of
Chiapas; Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, and western British Honduras.
Winters on Yucatan Peninsula, Tabasco and Veracruz.
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis decolor Griscom
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis decolor Griscom, 1929, Proc. New England
Zool. Cl., 11, p. 69 — Divala, Chiriqui, Pacific slope of Panama.
Pacific coast of Central America from the eastern shore of the
Gulf of Nicoya (Las Agujas)! to western Veraguas.
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis uropygialis (Lawrence)
Cotyle uropygialis Lawrence, 1863, Ibis, p. 181 — Isthmus of
Panama = near Lion Hill fide Zimmer, 1955.
Caribbean lowlands of Central America from southeastern Nicara-
gua to Darien, southward also in the Pacific lowlands of eastern
Panama; Colombia in the tropical and subtropical zones of the
Pacific coast, the Western Andes and the upper Cauca Valley, and
the subtropical zone of the Central Andes; western Ecuador; north-
western Peru (Tumbes, Pancal, Lechugal).
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis aequalis Bangs
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis aequalis Bangs, 1901, Proc. New England
Zool. Cl., 2, p.58 — Santa Marta, Colombia.
1 Two specimens from this locality in Mus. Comp. Zoél. tentatively re-
ferred here.
94 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Colombia on the Caribbean coast, the lower Cauca and Magdalena
valleys, the Santa Marta region, and the eastern base of the Eastern
Andes south to the Intendancia de Meta; Venezuela eastward to
the Orinoco Delta and south to Territorio de Amazonas and north-
ern Bolivar; Island of Trinidad.
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis cacabata Bangs and Penard
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis cacabatus Bangs and Penard, 1918, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zodl., 62, no. 2, p. 83 — vicinity of Paramaribo,
Surinam.
Venezuela in the Gran Sabana region of southeastern Bolivar,
British Guiana, Surinam and French Guiana; southern limits not
known.
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot)
Hirundo ruficollis Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14, p.
523 — Brazil.
Southeastern Colombia in Cemisaria de Caqueta (Morelia); east-
ern Ecuador; eastern Peru, the greater part of Brazil south of the
Amazon;! eastern and southern Bolivia in departments of Beni,
Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and Tarija; Paraguay; northern Argen-
tina in provinces of Salta, Jujuy, Catamarca, Corrientes, Entre
Rios and Buenos Aires, and gobernaciones of Formosa and Misiones.
Genus CHERAMOECA CaBanIs
Cheramoeca Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., Th. 1, 1850-51, p. 49.
Type, by monotypy, Hirundo leucosternus Gould.
cf. Hindwood, 1941, Emu, 40, p. 304-307.
North, 1909, Nests and Eggs of Birds Breeding in Australia
and Tasmania, 2, pt. 3, p. 238-241.
CHERAMOECA LEUCOSTERNUM
Black and White Swallow
Cheramoeca leucosternum (Gould)
Hirundo leucosternus [sic] Gould, 1841, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 8, (1840), p. 172 — Naomi River, New South Wales.
Cheramoeca leucosternum marngli Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool.,
18, (Jan.), p. 301 — Fitzroy River, North-West Australia.
Cheramoeca leucosternum stonei Mathews, 1912, Austral Av. Rec.,
1, (Dec.), p. 118 — New South Wales; type from Warialda.
1 Some race of S. ruficollis occurs on the north bank of the Amazon;
Pinto tentatively refers specimens from Manacapurti and Itacoatiara to
r. ruficollis; Hellmayr considers that birds recorded from the Rio Maicurt
may be referable to r. cacabata.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 95
Chiefly western, southern and interior of Australia, north to the
Fitzroy on the west, and in recent years extending to the coast of
southeastern Queensland (Brisbane River) and New South Wales
(south to the Nepean River). Apparently unrecorded from Northern
Territory, northern Queensland and Victoria.
GEenus PSEUDHIRUNDO RoBErtTs
Pseudhirundo Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 223.
Type, by original designation, Hirundo griseopyga Sundevall.
PSEUDHIRUNDO GRISEOPYGA
Pseudhirundo ¢griseopyga liberiae Bannerman
Pseudhirundo griseopyga liberiae Bannerman, 1938, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 58, p.8 — Nanna Kru, Liberia.
Liberia (Firestone Plantation; Nanna Kru).
Pseudhirundo griseopyga gertrudis (Grote)
Hirundo griseopyga gertrudis Grote, 1924, Orn. Monatsb. 32, p.
72 — Benue near Garua, Adamawa, Cameroons.
Northeastern Nigeria in Bauchi Plateau and Benue provinces,
and highlands of northern Cameroons.
Pseudhirundo griseopyga melbina (Verreaux and Verreaux)
Atticora melbina J. and E. Verreaux, 1851, Rev. Mag. Zool.,
(Paris), (2), 3, p. 310 — Gabon.
Hirundo Poucheti Petit, 1884, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 8, no. 5-6,
p. xliii — no locality = Mayoumba, 500-600 meters, lat. 3°S.,
Loango Coast, ex Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 9, 1884, p. 72.
Gabon, Loango Coast and Cabinda.
Pseudhirundo griseopyga griseopyga (Sundevall)
Hirundo griseopyga Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh.,
7, p. 107 — Durban, Natal.
Atticora cypseloides Heuglin, 1862, Journ. f. Orn., 10, p. 297 —
central Ethiopia, 6,000 to 8,000 feet.
Southern Sudan and Ethiopia southward through Uganda, Kenya,
Tanganyika, eastern Northern Rhodesia, eastern Southern Rhodesia,
Nyasaland and Mozambique to Natal, extending westward to
southeastern Katanga (Mutumbu — Mukulu; upper Lufira), western
Northern Rhodesia and Ngamiland.
GeENuS RIPARIA Forster
Riparia T. Forster, 1817, Synop. Cat. Brit. Birds, p. 17. Type,
by monotypy and tautonymy, Riparia europaea Forster =
Hirundo riparia Linnaeus.
96 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Clivicola T. Forster, tom. cit., p. 55. New name for Riparia For-
ster.
Cotile Boie, 1822, Isis von Oken, 10 (1), col. 550. Type, by mono-
typy, Hirundo riparia Linnaeus.
Martula Wood, 1836, Orn. Guide, p. 183. Type, by monotypy,!
Hirundo riparia Linnaeus.
Neophedina Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 224. Type,
by original designation, Hirundo cincta Boddaert.
Cheimonornis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 224. Type,
by original designation, Hirundo paludicola Vieillot.
cf. Vaurie, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1529, p. 4-11, map.
RIPARIA PALUDICOLA
African Sand Martin
Riparia paludicola mauritanica (Meade-Waldo)
Cotile mauritanica Meade-Waldo, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12,
p- 27 — Wad Moorbei [= Oued Oum R’bia], Rehamra, Morocco.
Western Morocco (Oued Oum R’bia; Oued Tensift; Oued Sous).
Riparia paludicola minor (Cabanis)
Cotyle minor Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein. Th. 1, 1850-51, p. 49 —
North-East Africa = Dongola.
Cotile sudanensis Alexander, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, p. 88
— Bulturi, Lake Chad.
Riparia minor schoensis Reichenow, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68, p.
88 — Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Northern Africa from the French Sudan (Ségou, on the Niger
about lat. 6° W.) eastward through central Nigeria (Lokoja), Lake
Chad, Darfur, Kordofan, Bahr el Ghazal and the upper Blue Nile
to Ethiopia.
Riparia paludicola newtoni Bannerman
Riparia paludicola newtoni Bannerman, 1937, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
58, p. 31 — Bambulue, 4,800 feet, near Bamenda, British Ca-
meroons.
Southeastern Nigeria where confined to the mountainous country
near Bamenda.
Riparia paludicola ducis Reichenow
Riparia ducis Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 81 — west-
ern Ruanda.
Riparia paludicola dohertyi Hartert, 1910, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
25, p. 95 — “Mau Escarpment, 8,000 feet’ = Kikuyu, Kenya
Colony.
1 See 15th Rept., B.O. U. Comm., Ibis, 1939, p. 521.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 97
Riparia nigricans Madarasz, 1911, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici,
9, p. 339 — Mto-ya-Kifaru, Tanganyika Territory.
Riparia minor centralis Reichenow, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68, p.
88 — Bukoba, Lake Victoria.
Uganda; Kivu Dist., Belgian Congo; Kenya Colony and Tanga-
nyika Territory.
Riparia paludicola paludicola (Vieillot)
Hirundo paludicola Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14,
p. 511 — South Africa, ex Levaillant, Ois, d’Afr. pl. 246, fig. 2.
Cotile pembertoni Hartert, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, p. 76 —
Dondo, Cuanza River, Angola.
Southern Africa from Benguela, Lake Bangweulu, Northern Rho-
desia and the Zambesi southward.
Riparia paludicola cowani (Sharpe)
Cotile Cowani Sharpe, 1882, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool.,
16, no. 92, p. 322 — Ankafana Forest, Betsileo, Madagascar.
Madagascar, in the humid east (500-1,800 meters).
Riparia paludicola chinensis (Gray)
Hirundo chinensis J. E. Gray, 1830, in Gray and Hardwicke’s
Illustr. Indian Zool., 1, pt. 2, pl. 35, fig. 3 — no locality.
Clivicola bilkewitschi Zarudny, 1910, Orn. Monatsb. 18, p. 147 —
Termez on the banks of the Amu Darja.
Riparia chinensis tantilla Riley, 1935, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 48, p. 147 — Laoag River, below Padsan, [locos Norte,
Luzon, Philippine Islands.
Eastern Buchara, northern India eastward to Assam, Burma,
southern Yunnan (Szemao), and northwestern Tonkin, south to the
Bombay Presidency, Cuttack, Tenasserim, Thailand, and Laos;
Ceylon(?); Formosa,; Luzon, Philippines.
RIPARIA CONGICA
Riparia congica (Reichenow)
Cotile congica Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 300 —
Manyanga, between Vivi and Stanley Pool, lower Congo.
Known only from the lower and middle Congo River.
RIPARIA RIPARIA
Sand Martin or Bank Swallow
Riparia riparia riparia (Linnaeus)
Hirundo riparia Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 192 —
Europe = Sweden.
98 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Hirundo cinerea Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14, p. 526
— Europe, Siberia, North America.
Hirundo litoralis ““Hemprich”’ Gloger, 1833, Das Abéndern der V6-
gel, p. 154 — southern Europe; types from Montpellier, France.
Hirundo riparia americana Wied, 1858, Journ. f. Orn., 6, p. 101
— upper Missouri, ex Audubon, 1840, Birds. Amer., 1, p. 187,
pl. 50.
Clivicola riparia maximiliant Stejneger, 1885, Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus., no. 29, p. 378, note. New name to replace Hirundo cinerea
Vieillot, 1817, not of Latham, 1790.
Riparia riparia fuscocollaris Tschusi, 1912, Orn. Jahrb., 23, p.
216 — Castelnuovo, Dalmatia.
Riparia riparia kolymensis Buturlin, 1917, Orn. Mitt., 8, p. 82
— delta of the Kolyma, lat. 69° 4’ N.
Breeds in America from north-central Alaska, southern Yukon,
northwestern and south-central Mackenzie, east-central Manitoba,
northern Ontario, southern Quebec, southern Labrador, southwest-
ern Newfoundland, to southern California, western Nevada, northern
Utah, Colorado, northern Oklahoma, southern Illinois, southern Indi-
ana, eastern Kentucky, central West Virginia, and in the Old World
from the Hebrides, the Orkneys, northern Norway, Finland, Arkhan-
gelsk, the mouths of the Pechora, lat. 64° N. on the Yenisei, the
Delta of the Kolyma, and Anadyr, the Mediterranean (locally in
Algeria and Tunisia), Palestine, Iran, Transcaspia, the Altai, and
the steppe region of Minusinsk (boundaries between this race and
ijimae in eastern Siberia imperfectly known). Winters in northern
and central South America south to Peru, Bolivia (casually to
northwestern Argentina), Paraguay and central Brazil, and in Africa
in small numbers south to Sierra Leone and in larger numbers from
the Anglo Egyptian Sudan south to Tanganyika Territory and
Kenya Colony, casually to the Transvaal.
Riparia riparia ijimae (Lonnberg)
Clivicola riparia wjimae Lonnberg, 1908, Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp.
Univ. Tokyo, 23, art. 14, p. 38 — Tretiya Padj, Sakhalin.
Breeds in northeastern Asia from the Sayan Mts., sources of the
Nizhnyaya Tunguska, the upper Lena, the Aldan, Kamchatka, and
the Kurile Islands, south to southeastern Transbaicalia, the Kentei
Mts., the Amur, Sakhalin, and Hokkaido, Alaska, where presumably
accidental. Winter range imperfectly known but recorded from
Burma, Thailand, Indochina, the Philippines and Borneo.
?Riparia riparia taczanowskii Stegmann
Riparia riparia taczanowskii Stegmann, 1925, Compt. Rend. Acad.
Sci. Russie, p. 39 — Sidemi, Ussuri.
Riparia riparia stétzneriana Meise, 1934, Abh. Ber. Mus. Tierk.
Dresden, 18, no. 2, p. 48 — Harbin, Manchuria.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 99
Breeds in Manchuria and Ussuri; winter range not known. Doubt-
fully distinct from R. r. ijimae.
Riparia riparia tibetana Stegmann
Riparia riparia tibetana Stegmann, 1925, Compt. Rend. Acad.
Sci. Russie, p. 39 — Dza-chu, Tsaidan, Koko Nor, Oring Nor
and upper Chuan-che; restricted to the Dza-chu, Kham region,
Sikang.
Breeds in central Asia from Tsaidam east to Koko Nor and south
to Oring Nor and the Kham country of western Sikang; the birds
recorded by Stuart Baker under name of R. r. ijimae as breeding
in eastern Assam may be referable here. Winter range not known.
Riparia riparia diluta (Sharpe and Wyatt)
Cotile diluta Sharpe and Wyatt, 1893, Monogr. Hirund., 1, p.
[41] (in key), p. [63] — Badan River near the Fortress of Chim-
kent.
Riparia riparia plumipes Zarudny, 1916, Orn. Mitt., 7, p. 34 —
eastern Syr Darya, Ferghana and Samarkand.
Riparia riparia innominata Zarudny, 1916, Orn. Mitt., 7, p. 36,
in text — Tashkent.
Breeds from the Kirghiz Steppes, the middle Syr Darya, central
and southeastern Altai, and western Mongolia, south to eastern
Tran, possibly Baluchistan, Buchara, Ferghana, the Tien Shan and
Dzungaria. Winters in northwestern India south to Sind and the
Punjab.
Riparia riparia fokienensis (La Touche)
Cotile fokienensis La Touche, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23, p.
17 — Fukien; cotypes from Shaowufu (3), and Foochow (@).1
Central and southern China in provinces of Szechwan, south
Shensi(?), Hupeh, Kiangsu, Chekiang, and Fukien. Recorded as
present March to November; winter range not known but has been
taken in Tonkin (Backan).
Riparia riparia indica Ticehurst
Riparia riparia indica Ticehurst, in Whistler, 1916, Ibis, p. 70
—Jhelum, Punjab.
Afghanistan and northern India from Garhwal and Nepal to
Buxa Doars, south to Sind, Punjab, United Provinces and Bihar.
Riparia riparia shelleyi (Sharpe)
Cotyle littoralis ““Hempr. and Ehr. ms.”’ Heuglin, 1869, Orn. Nord-
ost-Afr., 1, p. 166 — Dongola. Not Hirundo litoralis Gloger,
1833, which = Hirundo riparia Linnaeus.
1 See Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 70, no. 4, p. 290.
100 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Cotile shelleyi Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 96 (in
key), p. 100 — Egypt.
Breeds in lower Egypt in the Wadi Natrun, the Delta, Faiyum
and Suez Canal region; chiefly migratory, the majority winters
along the Red Sea coast, in the Sudan and Nile Valley south to
about lat. 12° N.
RIPARIA CINCTA
Riparia cincta erlangeri Reichenow
Riparia cincta erlangerit Reichenow, 1905, Journ. f Orn., 53, p.
673 — Ethiopia.
Ethiopia; a specimen in the Mus. Comp. Zool. from Mongalla,
Upper White Nile, appears referable to this race.
Riparia cincta suahelica van Someren
Riparia cincta suahelica van Someren, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29, p.
90 — Escarpment, Kenya Colony.
Uganda and Kenya Colony from Toro to the Aberdare Range
and Nairobi, extending southward into northern Tanganyika Terri-
tory.
Riparia cincta parvula Amadon
Riparia cincta parvula Amadon, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1656, p. 2 — Luluabourg, Kasai, Belgian Congo.
Savannahs of the southern Belgian Congo and southern French
Equatorial Africa.
Riparia cincta cincta (Boddaert)
Hirundo Cincta Boddaert, 1783, Table Pl. enlum., p. 45 — Cape
of Good Hope, ex Daubenton, pl. 723, fig. 1.
South Africa from Angola, southern Congo, Rhodesia and Natal,
south to Cape Province; recorded from Gold Coast (Ghana), North-
ern Nigeria, Principé Island, northern Cameroons, Shari River and
Sudan.
Genus PHEDINA BonaPparTE
Phedina Bonaparte, 1857, Riv. Contemp., Torino, 9, p. 210. Type,
by subsequent designation, Hirundo borbonica Gmelin (Sharpe,
1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 122).
PHEDINA BORBONICA
Phedina borbonica borbonica (Gmelin)
Hirundo borbonica Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 1017 —
Bourbon = Mauritius.
Mascarene Islands: Mauritius; La Réunion.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 101
Phedina borbonica madagascariensis Hartlaub
Phedina madagascariensis Hartlaub, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 83
— Madagascar.
Madagascar; occasional in East Africa (Pemba Island; Lake
Chilwa, near Zomba, Nyasaland).
PHEDINA BRAZZAE
Phedina brazzae Oustalet
Phedina Brazzae Oustalet, 1886, Le Naturaliste, 8, p. 300 —
Ganciu; 7. e. Nganchu, middle Congo River.
Southern Belgian Congo where known from type locality near
Kwamouth; Luluabourg, Kasai and Lunda, Angola.
Genus PTYONOPROGNE ReEIcHENBACcH!
Ptyonoprogne Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 87, fig. [6].
Generic details only; species added, Parzudaki, 1857, Cat. Ois.
Europe (1856), p. 8. Type, Hirundo rupestris Scopoli.*
Krimnochelidon Tickell, 1876, in Walden, Ibis, p. 356. Type, by
subsequent designation, C’. concolor = Hirundo concolor (Sharpe,
1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 95).
cf. Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 62,
p- 49-51.
Lynes, 1926, Ibis, p. 402-405.
Meinertzhagen, 1930, in Nicoll’s Birds Egypt, 1, p. 310-312.
Vaurie, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1529, p. 11-18.
PTYONOPROGNE RUPESTRIS
Crag Martin
Ptyonoprogne rupestris rupestris (Scopoli)
Hirundo rupestris Scopoli, 1769, Annus 1, Hist.-Nat., p. 167 —
Tirol.
Cotile obsoleta sarda Arrigoni, 1902, Avicula, 6, p. 103 — Capo
Caccia and Capo 8. Elia, Sardinia.
1 Like many previous authors, I have been tempted to reduce all the
forms of Piyonoprogne to races of a single species, and Meinertzhagen has
actually done so. There are however certain objections to this course,
that have been pointed out by Grant and Mackworth-Praed. In the first
place rwpestris and obsoleta have been recorded as breeding in the same
spot in Palestine; in the second place both obsoleta and rufigula breed in
Eritrea (though perhaps not together). As has been pointed out by many
authors and emphasized by Mayr and Bond, the affinities of this genus
are not with Riparia but with Hirundo from which however it is generi-
cally separable.
2 Biblis Lesson, 1837, in Suite 4 Buffon, p. 44 fide Sherborn (not sighted) ;
not Biblis Fabricius, 1807, Insecta.
8
102 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Riparia rupestris centralasica Stachanov, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 53, p. 184 — Yawata, Ala Shan.
Breeds in the mountains of southern Europe; southwestern and
central Asia, from the Pyrenees, southern France and the entire
Alpine region, the Crimea, Caucasus, northern Iran, Buchara, Fer-
ghana, central and southeastern Altai, Tannu Tuva, and southwest-
ern Manchuria south to (including most of the islands in the Mediter-
ranean), Morocco (El Kantara), northern Algeria (Gorge de Chiffa),
Greece, Asia Minor, Palestine, northern Baluchistan, the Himalayas
and western Szechwan. Winters within the breeding range (except
northern portions) south to the northern border of the Sahara,
the Sudan, Ethiopia, Arabia, and southern India.
Ptyonoprogne rupestris theresae (Meinertzhagen)
Riparia rupestris therese Meinertzhagen, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 59, p. 66 — Tzi n’ Test, 6,300 feet, High Atlas, Morocco.
Southern Morocco where known only from the southern slopes
of the Grand Atlas (Onarzazate District; Tzi n’ Test).
PTYONOPROGNE OBSOLETA
Ptyonoprogne obsoleta spatzi (Geyr)
Cotyle ruspestris [sic] spatzi Geyr, 1916, Orn. Monatsb., 24, p. 59
— Gara Djenoun [= Garet el Djenoun], Tuareg Mts.
South-central Algeria (Ahaggar Massif).
Ptyonoprogne obsoleta presaharica (Vaurie)
Hirundo obsoleta presaharica Vaurie, 1953, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1640, p. 1 — Biskra, Southern Algeria.
Presaharian Atlas (Biskra and Beni Ounif) of Algeria.
Ptyonoprogne obsoleta buchanani (Hartert)
Riparia obsoleta buchanani Hartert, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28, p. 112
— Mt. Baguezan, Asben, French Sahara.
French West Africa on the Air Massif.
Ptyonoprogne obsoleta obsoleta (Cabanis)
Cotyle obsoleta Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., Th. 1, (1850-51), p. 50
—northeast Africa; restricted to “lower Egypt on the right
bank of the Nile in the region of Cairo and the neighboring
Mogattam Hills’, by Vaurie, 1951, p. 16.
Riparia rupestris reichenowi Zedlitz, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16,
p- 177 — Suez, “northern Arabia’.
Egypt, the Sudan in the Nile Valley, Sinai, the Dead Sea depres-
sion and southwestern Iran (Zagros Mts.).
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 103
Ptyonoprogne obsoleta arabica (Reichenow)
Riparia arabica Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, pt. 2, p. 828 —
Lahej, Arabia.
Kassala Province of the Sudan, Eritrea, Somaliland, Yemen, the
Aden Protectorate, and Socotra Island.
Ptyonoprogne obsoleta perpallida (Vaurie)
Hirundo obsoleta perpallida Vaurie, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1529, p. 15 — Hofuf, Hasa district, eastern Saudi Arabia.
Probably ranges along the coastal districts of eastern Saudi Arabia
from the head of the Persian Gulf southward to Hofuf.
Ptyonoprogne obsoleta pallida Hume
Ptionoprogne [sic] Pallida Hume, 1872, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 1,
— “the Gaj, the Nurrinai and other small streams that issue
from the bare stony hills that divide Suidh from Kelat...the
rocky headland of Minora...Kurrachee Harbour. ..and along
the Mekran Coast’’.
Eastern Iran, Afghanistan, Baluchistan, the Northwest Frontier
Provinces and Sind.
PTYONOPROGNE FULIGULA
Ptyonoprogne fuligula pusilla (Zedlitz)
Riparia rupestris pusilla Zedlitz, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 177
— Asmara, 3,000 meters, Highland of Eritrea.
Darfur eastward to Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Ptyonoprogne fuligula rufigula (Fischer and Reichenow)
Cotyle rufigula Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32,
p. 53 — Lake Naivasha.
Northern Nigeria eastward across southern Chad to the upper
White Nile (Lado) and southwestern Ethiopia (Kullo), south to
northeastern Belgian Congo (Gaima Mt.), Uganda, Lake Kivu and
northern Tanganyika Territory; some race of this species occurs
in northeastern Angola (Pungo N’dongo).
Ptyonoprogne fuligula birwae Bates
Ptyonoprogne obsoleta birwae Bates, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
51, p. 48 — Kulikoro, French Sudan.
Sierra Leone (Birwa Peak) and French Sudan (Koulikoro).
Ptyonoprogne fuligula bansoensis (Bannerman)
Riparia rufigula bansoensis Bannerman, 1923, Bull Brit. Orn. Cl.,
44, p.5 — Bamenda, 4,750 feet, Cameroon highlands.
8*
104 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Highlands of the “British Cameroons” region of southeastern
Nigeria.
Ptyonoprogne fuligula fusciventris Vincent
Ptyonoprogne rufigula fusciventris Vincent, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn.
CL, 53, p. 148 — Namuli Mt. 6,200 feet, Quelimane Province,
Mozambique (lat. 15° 21’ S.; long. 37° 04’ W.).
Southern Tanganyika Territory in the Iringa Highlands, Nyasa-
land, Mashonaland, and north Mozambique.
Ptyonoprogne fuligula anderssoni (Sharpe and Wyatt)
Cotile anderssoni Sharpe and Wyatt, 1887, Monogr. Hirundinidae,
1, p. [119] — Damaraland; type from Daviep.
ee Angola south to Little Namaqualand and Griqualand
est.
Ptyonoprogne fuligula fuligula (Lichtenstein)
Hirundo fuligula Lichtenstein, 1842, Verz. Siugth. Vog. Kaffern-
land, p. 18 — Kaffirland, = Grahamstown, Cape Province, by
designation of Roberts, 1922.
Western Transvaal to Cape Province and Natal.
?Ptyonoprogne fuligula pretoriae Roberts
Ptyonoprogne fuligula pretoriae Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 8, p. 224 — Pretoria, Transvaal.
Northern and central Transvaal (Drakensberg; Pretoria): doubt-
fully distinct from P. f. fuligula.
PTYONOPROGNE CONCOLOR
Ptyonoprogne concolor concolor (Sykes)
Hirundo concolor Sykes, 1832, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 2, p. 83 — the Dukhun.
India from the Himalayas south to the Nilgiri Hills and east
to Bihar and western Bengal.
Ptyonoprogne concolor sintaungensis (Stuart Baker)
Krimnochelidon concolor sintaungensis Stuart Baker, 1933, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 54, p. 24 — Sintaung, 6,000 feet, Southern Shan
States.
Southern Shan States, mountains of northern Thailand, north-
western Tonkin, northeastern Laos, and northern Annam.
Grenus HIRUNDO LINNAEUS
Hirundo Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 191. Type, by
subsequent designation, Hirwndo rustica Linnaeus (G. R. Gray,
1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 8).
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 105
Hypurolepis Gould, 1868, Birds Asia, pt. 20, text to pl. [13],
[= 1, text to pl. 32 of volume]. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion, Hirundo domicola Jerdon (Salvadori, 1881, Orn. Pap.
Mol; pt.2; p:1):
Hemicecrops Bonaparte, 1857, Riv. Contemp., Torino, 9, p. 210.
Type, by subsequent designation, Hirundo dimidiata Sundevall
(Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 123).
Uromitus! Bonaparte, 1857, Riv. Contemp., Torino, 9, p. 210.
Type, by monotypy, Hirundo filifera Stephens.
Natalornis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 222. Type,
by monotypy, Hirundo atrocaerulea Sundevall.
Charitochelidon (subgenus) Wolters, 1943, Zool. Anz., 143, p. 190.
Type, by original designation, Hirundo albigularis Strickland.
cf. Benson, 1949, Ostrich, 20, p. 137-145 (races of dimidiata).
Friedmann, 1937, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, p. 40-44.
Mayr, 1934, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 709, p. 11-13 (H. tahitica).
Roberts, 1940, Birds South Africa, p. 204-207 (nos. 493-498 incl.).
White, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57, p. 26-28 (Australian races
of H. tahitica).
Vaurie, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1529, p. 19-27.
HIRUNDO RUSTICA
The Swallow, Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica rustica Linnaeus
Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 191 —
Europe, restricted type locality Sweden.
Hirundo rustica sawitzkii Loudon, 1904, Orn. Jahrb., 15, p. 54
— Turkestan and Transcaspia.
Hirundo rustica loudoni Zarudny, 1923, Izvest. Turkest. Md.
Russk. Geogr. Obcht., 16, p. 82 — Djarkent, Turkestan.
Hirundo rustica afghanica Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 52, p. 75 — Baghlan, Afghanistan.
Hirundo rustica ambigua Stresemann, 1940, Orn. Monatsb., 48,
p. 89 — Gangtok, 1,870 meters, Sikkim.
Breeds in Europe, western Asia and northwestern Africa from
the British Isles, Lapland, and the lower Pechora eastward to the
valley of the Yenisei (north to about lat. 64° N), south to Morocco,
Algeria, Tunisia, Crete, Cyprus, Asia Minor, Iran, Baluchistan, and
the Himalayas to Sikkim. Winters in Africa from about lat. 12° N
to Cape Province; India; Ceylon.
Hirundo rustica transitiva (Hartert)
Chelidon rustica transitiva Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
Heft 6, p. 802 — Plains of Esdraclon, Palestine.
1 Spelling has been altered to Uromitrus or Uromitris by various authors.
106 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds in Asia Minor from Lebanon southward. Partially resident,
but specimens ascribed to this race have been taken in winter in
Sinai, Egypt, Kenya and Uganda.
Hirundo rustica savignii Stephens
Hirundo Savignii Stephens, 1817, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 10, pt. 1,
p- 90 — Egypt.
Resident in Egypt from the Delta south to Luxor.
Hirundo rustica gutturalis Scopoli
Hirundo gutturalis Scopoli, 1786, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr.,
fase. 2, p. 96 — “in nova Guiana’ = Antigua, Panay, Philip-
pine Island, ex Sonnerat, Voy. a la Nouvelle Guinée, p. 118,
pl. 76.
Breeds from the northeastern Altai, Krasnoyarsk, the Alashan,
northern China (boundaries uncertain), Korea, Sakhalin(?), Kurile
Islands(?), and Hokkaido south to Assam(?), northeastern Burma,
southern and southeastern China, and Formosa. Winters from India,
Burma, Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, Indochina and the Philip-
pines through the Sunda Islands eastward through Celebes, the
Moluccas, western New Guinea and the Aru Islands to northern
Australia.
Hirundo rustica tytleri Jerdon
Hirundo Tytleri Jerdon, 1864, Birds India, 3, p. 870 — Dacca.
Hirundo baicalensis Dybowski and Taczanowski, 1884, Bull. Soc.
Zool. France, 9, p. 151 — vicinity of Irkutsk, Lake Baikal,
and Dauria.
Breeds in central Siberia from the Podkamanaya Tunguska east-
ward to Yakutsk and south to Nizhneudinsk and northern Mongolia
(Khangai Mts., Ualan Bator; Kentei Mts.). Migrates through west-
ern China and winters in eastern Bengal, Assam, southern Yunnan
and Burma; one record for Annam.
Hirundo rustica mandschurica Meise
Hirundo rustica mandschurica Meise, 1934, Abhandl. Ber. Mus.
Dresden, 18, no. 2, p. 46 — Harbin, Manchuria.
Breeds in Manchuria, the region of the upper and middle Amur
and Ussuriland. Migrates through eastern China; probably winters
in southeastern Asia. A winter specimen from Long Navang, Borneo
appears to be referable to this form.
?Hirundo rustica saturata Ridgway
Hirundo saturata (Stejneger ms.) Ridgway, 1883 (June), Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 95 — Petropavlovsk. Kamchatka.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 107
Hirundo rustica kamtschatica Dybowski, 1883 (Nov.?), Bull. Soc.
Zool. France, 8, pt. 4, p. 356 — Kamchatka; type from Petro-
pavlovsk.
Hirundo borealis Dybowski and Taczanowski, 1884, Bull. Soc.
Zool. France, 9, p. 151 — Kamchatka; same type specimen as
kamtschatika.
Breeds in eastern Siberia along the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk
and in Kamchatka; status uncertain.
Hirundo rustica erythrogaster Boddaert
Hirundo erythrogaster Boddaert, 1783, Table Pl. enlum., p. 45
— Cayenne, ex Daubenton Pl. enlum., pl. 724, fig. 1.
Hirundo erythrogaster palmeri Grinnell, 1902, Condor, 4, p. 71 —
Amaknak Island, Unalaska Harbor, Alaska.
Hirundo rustica insularis Burleigh, 1942, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool.
Louisiana State Univ., no. 11, p. 179 —Ship Island, sixteen
miles off shore from Gulfport, Mississippi.
Breeds in North America from north-central Alaska, western
Mackenzie, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, southern
Ontario, southeastern Quebec and southwestern Newfoundland,
south to northwestern Baja California, south-central Mexico, west-
ern Texas, Oklahoma, northern Arkansas, Tennessee, northern
Alabama, northwestern North Carolina, central Virginia, and along
the Atlantic coast to southern North Carolina; breeds also along the
Gulf Coast from southern Mississippi to western Florida. Migrates
through Mexico, Central America and the West Indies and winters
in Panama and South America south to central Chile, northern
Argentina and Brazil.
HIRUNDO LUCIDA
Hirundo lucida lucida Hartlaub
Hirundo lucida “J. Verreaux”’ Hartlaub, 1858, Journ. f. Orn., 6,
p. 42 — Casamance River, Senegal.
West Africa from Senegal through Portuguese Guinea and French
Guinea to northern Sierra Leone and the northern territories of
Gold Coast (Ghana).
Hirundo lucida clara Bates
Hirundo lucida clara Bates, 1932, Bull. Brit Orn. Cl., 53, p.9
—70 miles east of Wagadugu, Upper Volta.
1 In 1935 Dementiev regarded the populations of Hirundo rustica in-
habiting eastern Siberia, Kamchatka, the Amur region and Manchuria as
dimorphic and united them all under the name of kamschatika. In 1936
he went a step farther; finding that he was unable to distinguish them from
North American birds he referred the aggregate to erythrogaster (as also he
did in 1954 ed.). Much additional material from these regions is necessary
before the status of this northeast Asiatic population can be finally determined.
108 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Southern edge of the Sahara in French West Africa from Tim-
buktu to Zinder and south to the Wagadugu district of Upper
Volta.
Hirundo lucida subalaris Reichenow
Hirundo lucida subalaris Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr. 3, pt. 2,
p- 829 — Congo = Stanley Falls fide Bannerman, 1939.
Upper Congo in the region about Stanleyville and on the lower
Lindi River and Stanley Pool.
Hirundo lucida rothschildi Neumann
Hirundo rothschildi Neumann, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12, p. 143
—Schubba, Kaffa, Ethiopia.
Central and southwestern Ethiopia.
HIRUNDO ANGOLENSIS
Hirundo angolensis arcticincta Sharpe
Hirundo arcticincta Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 119 — Mt. Elgon, 7,000
feet, eastern Africa.
Uganda, western Kenya and northwestern Tanganyika (Kome
Island).
Hirundo angolensis angolensis Bocage
Hirundo angolensis Barboza du Bocage, 1868, Jorn. Sci. Math.
Phys. Nat., Acad. Sci. Lisboa, 2, no. 5, p. 47 — Huilla, Angola.
Belgian Congo eastward to the Ruanda-Urundi District and the
Kondoa, Kasauli and Rungwe districts of Tanganyika south through
Angola to Ovamboland, the Okavanggo River, the Katanga (Moba;
Baudouinville) and northern Nyasaland (Nyika Plateau).
HIRUNDO TAHITICA
House Swallow, Coast Swallow, Pacific Swallow
Hirundo tahitica domicola Jerdon
Hirundo domicola Jerdon, 1844, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 13, pt. 1,
p. 173 — Nilgiris.
Hills of southern India; Ceylon.
Hirundo tahitica abbotti (Oberholser)
Hypurolepis javanica abbotti Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus., no. 98, p. 32 — Pulo Manguan, Anamba Islands.
Hypurolepis javanica mallopega Oberholser, 1926, Journ. Washing-
ton Acad. Sci., 16, p.515— Mt. Santo Tomas, 5,250 feet,
Benguet, Luzon, Philippine Islands.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 109
Hypurolepis javanica mesata Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus., no. 159, p. 51 — Pulo Seraia, Natuna Islands.
Malay Peninsula, Rhio Archipelago, Sumatra (except Lampongs
District), Billiton, Mendanau, Tambelan Islands, Anamba Islands,
Natuna Islands, Borneo, Karimata Islands, North Bornean Islands,
Philippine Islands, Botel Tobago, and Kasho To.
Hirundo tahitica namiyei (Stejneger)
Chelidon namiyei Stejneger, 1887, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 9 (1886),
p. 646 — Urassoimagiri, Okinawa, Ryu Kyu Islands.
Riu Kiu Islands.
Hirundo tahitica javanica Sparrman
Hirundo javanica Sparrman, 1789 (late), Mus. Carlsonianum, fasc.
4, no. 3, pl. 100 — Java.
Hypurolepis javanica hypolampra Oberholser, 1926, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 16, p. 515 — Lafau, Nias Island.
Sumatra (Lampongs District), Nias Island, Java, Kangean Islands.
Hirundo tahitica frontalis Quoy and Gaimard
Hirundo frontalis Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, Voy. ‘Astrolabe’,
Zool., 1, p. 204, Atlas, Ois., pl. 12, fig. 1 — Dorey [1.e. Manok-
wari], New Guinea.
Hirundo tahitica viridissima Meise, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., 77, p.
462 — Madu and Kalaotoa, Flores Sea.
Talaud Islands, Sangihe Islands, Celebes and adjacent islands,
Sula Islands, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Kalaotoa, Madu, Sumba,
Sawu, Timor, Wetar, Roma, Kisar, Babar, Timorlaut, Kei Islands,
Moluccas, western Papuan Islands, Aru Islands, islands in Geel-
vink Bay, New Guinea, D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago, Rook Island.
Hirundo tahitica ambiens Mayr
Hirundo tahitica ambiens Mayr, 1934, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 709,
p. 12 — Wide Bay, New Britain.
New Britain.
Hirundo tahitica subfusca Gould
Hirundo subfusca Gould, 1856, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 24,
p- 187 — Moala, Fiji Islands.
Bismarck Archipelago (except New Britain), Solomon Islands,
Santa Cruz Islands, Banks Islands, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands,
New Hebrides, Fiji Islands, Tonga Islands (Nomuka; Kelefesia
(sight)).
110 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Hirundo tahitica tahitica Gmelin
Hirundo tahitica Gmelin, 1789 (April), Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p.
1016 — Tahiti.
Society Islands.
Hirundo tahitica carteri (Mathews)
Chelidon javanica cartert Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 300,
— Broome Hill, Western Australia.
Western Australia north to the King River; Bernier Island;
Point Cloates.
Hirundo tahitica parsonsi White
Hirundo tahitica parsoni [sic]! C. M. N. White, 1936, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 57, p. 27 — Bartle Frere, Queensland.
Queensland from Thursday Island to Rockhampton.
Hirundo tahitica neoxena Gould
Hirundo neoxena Gould, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 10
(1842), p. 131 — “‘the whole of the southern coast of Australia
and Van Diemen’s Land” = Tasmania.
New South Wales, Victoria and adjacent parts of South Australia;
Tasmania. Tasmanian birds winter in eastern Australia north into
Queensland.
HIRUNDO ALBIGULARIS
Hirundo albigularis Strickland
Hirundo albigularis Strickland, 1849, in Jardine’s Contr. Orn.,
p. 17-4, pl. 15 — South Africa = Cape Peninsula.
?Hirundo ambigua Bocage, 1877, Orn. Angola, pt. 1, p. 186 —
Angola.
Hirundo albigularis microptera Hartert, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
14, p. 73, 74— Ambaca, northern Angola.
Breeds in South Africa from Angola, Southern Rhodesia, and the
Zambesi River southward. Winter range not definitely known but
recorded from Angola and Northern Rhodesia; one record from
Malindi ‘“‘East Africa’’.
HIRUNDO AETHIOPICA
Hirundo aethiopica fulvipectus Amadon
Hirundo aethiopica fulvipectus Amadon, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1656, p. 3 — Farniso, near Kano, Nigeria.
Savannahs of Nigeria and the Cameroons eastward to the vicinity
of the White Nile in the Sudan.
1 Named after F. E. Parsons.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE lll
Hirundo aethiopica aethiopica Blanford
Hirundo aethiopica Blanford, 1869, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4),
4, p. 329 — northern Ethiopia; type from Barakit, Tigré.
Abyssinia and Somalia, southward through eastern Kenya to the
Pangani River in Tanganyika.
HIRUNDO SMITHII
Hirundo smithii smithii Leach
Hirundo Smithii Anonymous = Leach, 1818, in Tuckey’s Narr.
Exped. River Zaire etc., app., p. 407 — Chisalla Island, Congo.
Africa, outside of the rainforest areas, from Gold Coast (Ghana)
to Benguela on the west, and from the Sudan and Ethiopia south-
ward through Uganda, Kenya, and Tanganyika to the Katanga,
Northern Rhodesia, and Natal.
Hirundo smithii filifera Stephens
Hirundo filifera Stephens, 1825, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 2,
p- 78 — India.
Hirundo smithii bobrinskoii Stachanov, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38,
p. 76 — Tschubek, Buchara, lat. 37° 50’N., long. 69° 4’ E.
Southern Buchara, Afghanistan, Baluchistan, the greater part of
eee plains of Burma, northern Thailand, Laos, and southern
nnam.
HIRUNDO ATROCAERULEA
Hirundo atrocaerulea Sundevall
Hirundo atrocaerulea Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh.,
7, p. 107 — lower Caffraria; type from Umvoti, Natal.
Hirundo christyi Sharpe, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 86 —
Kungu Hill, Mabira Forest, Uganda.
Hirundo atrocaerulea lynesi Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1942,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 62, p. 45 — Njombe, southern Tanganyika
Territory.
Breeds in southwestern Tanganyika in the Uhehe and Ubena
highlands, Nyasaland on the Vipya Plateau and the Mlanji Plateau
(probably also adjacent parts of Mozambique), and locally in south-
eastern Africa on the eastern side of the Drakensberg from Zoot-
pansberg to Natal. Birds from the southern part of the range winter
in Uganda; migrants recorded from Southern Rhodesia and northern
Nyasaland (Nyika Plateau).
HIRUNDO NIGRITA
Hirundo nigrita Gray
Hirundo nigrita G. R. Gray, 1845, Gen. Birds, 1, pl. [20] — no
locality = Niger River.
112 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Streams and rivers of the forests of West and Central Africa from
Sierra Leone and Liberia eastward to the Uele, and Aruwimi and
Semliki Rivers south to Cabinda and the Kasai.
HIRUNDO LEUCOSOMA
Hirundo leucosoma Swainson
Hirundo leucosoma Swainson, 1837, Birds West Africa, 2, p. 74 —
West Africa.
West Africa, where recorded from Senegal (Thies), Casamance,
Sierra Leone, Gold Coast (Ghana), Togo, and Nigeria.
HIRUNDO MEGAENSIS
Hirundo megaensis Benson
Hirundo megaensis Benson, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 63, p. 10 —
ten miles west of Mega, 4,000 feet, Ethiopia.
Southern Ethiopia at elevations between 4,000 and 4,500 feet
between Yavello and Mega, extending thirty miles north of Yavello,
and about thirty miles southeast of Mega toward the Kenya-
Ethiopia border.
HIRUNDO NIGRORUFA
Hirundo nigrorufa Bocage
Hirundo nigrorufa Barboza du Bocage, 1877, Jorn. Sci. Math.
Phys. Nat., Acad. Sci. Lisboa, 6, no. 22, p. 158 — Caconda,
Angola.
Angola (Chipepe); Saurimo eastward to the Mwinilunga District
of Northern Rhodesia, Ndola, and region south of Lake Mweru;
Katanga.
HIRUNDO DIMIDIATA
Hirundo dimidiata marwitzi Reichenow
Hirundo dimidiata var. marwitzi Reichenow, 1903, Vog. Afr., 2,
pt. 2, p. 404 — Malangali, Usafua, north of Lake Nyasa.
Hirundo usafuae Reichenow, 1920, Journ. f. Orn. 68, p. 88 —
Usafua, north of Lake Nyasa.
Angola from Ambaga south to Mossamedes eastward through the
Katanga and Northern Rhodesia to southwestern Tanganyika
(Usafua) and Nyasaland.
Hirundo dimidiata dimidiata Sundevall
Hirundo dimidiata Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7,
p- 107 — upper Caffraria; type from Leroma, Transvaal.
Damaraland, Southern Rhodesia, Transvaal, Orange Free State;
Swaziland and Cape Province (except Transkei).
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 113
GreNus CECROPIS Bots
Cecropis Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, Heft 10, col. 971. Type, by
subsequent designation, Hirundo capensis Gmelin = Hirundo
cucullata Boddaert (Salvadori, 1881, Orn. Pap. Mol., pt. 2, p.1).
Lillia Boie, 1844, Isis von Oken, col. 174 (note). Type, by sub-
sequent designation (Boie, 1858, Journ. f. Orn., 6, p. 364),
Hirundo alpestris Pallas = Hirundo daurica Linnaeus.
Herophilus Gistel, 1848, Naturg. Thierr. Hohere Schulen, p. viii.
New name for Cecropis Boie.
Phoenichelidon Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 223.
Type, by original designation, Hirundo semirufa Sundevall.
Baruwaia von Boetticher, 1947, ‘Orion’, Naturwiss-techn. Zeit-
schr., 2, no. 7, p. 348. Type, by original designation, Hirundo
abyssinica Guerin.
cf. Friedmann, 1937, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 153, p. 45-51.
Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 62,
p. 48-49 (races of senegalensis).
Mayr, 1941, Ibis, p. 367-371.
Roberts, 1940, Birds South Africa, p. 207-208.
Ticehurst, 1927, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 32, p. 349-350
(Indian races of daurica).
Vaurie, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1529, p. 28-41
CECROPIS CUCULLATA
Cecropis cucullata (Boddaert)
Hirundo cucullata Boddaert, 1783, Table Pl. enlum., p. 45 —
Cape of Good Hope ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 723, fig. 2.
Breeds in Cape Province, Natal and Transvaal; winters in Angola,
Tanganyika, Southern Congo and Northern Rhodesia (Barotse
Plain; Choma).
CECROPIS ABYSSINICA
Cecropis abyssinica puella (Temminck and Schlegel)
Hirondo [sic] puella Temminck and Schlegel, 1847, in Siebold’s
Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 34, in text — Guinea Coast.
West Africa semi-arid belt from Sierra Leone, Upper Volta, and
Nigeria (Zaria and Bornu provinces) south to Gold Coast (Ghana)
and Southern Nigeria (Ondo and Benin provinces).
Cecropis abyssinica maxima (Bannerman)
Hirundo puella maxima Bannerman, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p. 75 — Kumbo, 5,500 feet, Nigerian highlands.
Southern Nigeria in Itabba Province (Idah), British Cameroons
and adjacent part of French Cameroons.
114 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Cecropis abyssinica bannermani (Grant and Mackworth-Praed)
Hirundo abyssinica bannermant Grant and Mackworth-Praed,
1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 62, p. 54 — Aribo Valley, Darfur,
western Sudan.
Western Darfur on the Jebel Marra and in the western basin.
Cecropis abyssinica abyssinica (Guérin-Méneville)
Hirundo abyssinica Guérin-Méneville, 1843, Rev. Zool., p. 322 —
Ethiopia.
Eritrea, Ethiopia, eastern Uganda, Kenya, and Tanganyika where
it intergrades with wnitatis over a wide area.
Cecropis abyssinica unitatis (Sclater and Mackworth-Praed)
Hirundo puella wnitatis Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918, Ibis,
p. 718, 719 — Pinetown, Natal.
Western Uganda, Ruanda-Urundi, western Tanganyika, the Ka-
tanga, Lower Congo and Kasai, Northern and Southern Rhodesia,
Ngamiland, Nyasaland, eastern Transvaal, Mozambique, Natal, and
eastern Cape Province.
CECROPIS SEMIRUFA
Cecropis semirufa gordoni (Jardine)
Hirundo gordoni Jardine, 1851, Contr. Orn. for 1851, p. 141 —
west coast of Africa, i.e. Gold Coast.
Hirundo neumanni Reichenow, 1901, Journ. f. Orn., 49, p. 282 —
Massailand ; type from Ssero, northwest of Lake Natron, Kenya.
Africa from Senegal(?), Casamance, western French Sudan (Ba-
mako) and Sierra Leone, eastward across Upper Volta, Gold Coast
(Ghana), Togoland, Dahomey, Nigeria, Cameroons, Darfur and the
upper White Nile, south to the Gulf of Guinea, northern Angola,
the Aruwimi River, Uganda, and southwestern Kenya Colony west
of the Rift Valley.
Cecropis semirufa semirufa (Sundevall)
Hirundo semirufa Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Férh., 7,
p. 107 — ‘‘Caffraria superiore’’; type from Magliesberg, Trans-
vaal.
Southern Africa from the Katanga and Nyasaland (Dzunje or
Dzonze Mt.), south to the plateau veld of Damaraland, the northern
Karroo, and Natal.
CECROPIS SENEGALENSIS
Cecropis senegalensis senegalensis (Linnaeus)
Hirundo senegalensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 345
— Senegal.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 115
Northern Africa from Senegal eastward across French West Africa
and Chad to Kordofan, south to about lat. 8° N.
Cecropis senegalensis saturatior (Bannerman)
Hirundo senegalensis saturatior Bannerman, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 43, p. 85 — Accra, Gold Coast.
Hirundo senegalensis aschani Granvik, 1934, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr.,
25, p. 113 — Mt. Elgon.
Coastal districts of Gold Coast (Ghana) eastward across Came-
roons, Congo, and Ubangi Shari to Ethiopia, Uganda and Kenya
(except southern).
Cecropis senegalensis monteiri (Hartlaub)
Hirundo monteiri Hartlaub, 1862, Ibis, p. 340, pl. 11 — Angola.
Hirundo senegalensis hybrida van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 104 —Tsavo, Kenya.
Southern Africa from Cabinda, the Maniema District of the Bel-
gian Congo, Tanganyika and southern Kenya, south to Ovamboland,
oe Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and Mozambique south to Inham-
ane.
CECROPIS DAURICA
Cecropis daurica daurica (Linneaus)
Hirundo daurica Linneaus, 1771, Mantissa, p. 528 — Siberia.
Lillia substriolata Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 264 —
Cachar. (Based on a specimen of daurica, fide Hall, 1953).
Breeds in southern Siberia from the Irtysh eastward across Bai-
calia to the Amur and the mouth of the Ussuri, south to the western
Altai, the Khangai and Kentei Mts.; limits between this race and
japonica imperfectly known. Winter range uncertain; recorded at
this season from Assam.
Cecropis daurica japonica (Temminck and Schlegel)
Hirundo alpestris japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1847, in Sie-
bold’s Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 33, pl. 11 — Japan.
Breeds in Manchuria, Korea, Japan (Hondo, Seven Islands of
Izu, Shikohu, Kiusiu), China in the middle and lower Yangtse
Valley, and in the eastern part south to Swatow. Winters in the
southern part of the breeding range and to India, northern Thailand
and probably northern Indochina.
Cecropis daurica gephyra (Meise)
Hirundo daurica gephyra Meise, 1934, Abhandl. Ber. Mus. Dresden,
18, no. 2, p. 48 — Sungpan, Szechwan.
Hirundo daurica tibetana Schafer, 1937, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 89, p. 385— 100 miles northeast of Jyekundo
(Dre-chu-gomba), Chinese Tibet.
116 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Breeds in western China in provinces of Kansu (Richthofen
Range?), Tsinghai (Sining, Jyekundo [now Yushu]), Sikiang (Ta-
tsienlu [now Kangting]); south of Litang; upper Yalung) and
Szechwan (Sungpan). Winter range not known.
Cecropis daurica nipalensis (Hodgson)
Hirundo Nipalensis Hodgson, 1837, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 5,
(1836), p. 780 — central region of Nepal.
Breeds in the Himalayas from the Punjab eastward through Nepal
to the Red River Basin in southeastern Sikang. Winters south-
ward to India and northern Burma.
Cecropis daurica erythropygia (Sykes)
Hirundo erythropygia Sykes, 1832, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 2, p. 83 — Poona, India.
Breeds in India along the base of the Himalayas from Punjab
to western Bengal and south to the Nilgiris; wanders to Travancore
and Ceylon in winter.
Cecropis daurica hyperythra (Blyth)
Hirundo hyperythra “Layard” Blyth, 1849, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 18, pt. 2, p. 814 — Ceylon.
Resident in Ceylon.
Cecropis daurica rufula (Temminck)
Hirundo rufula ‘“‘Levll.” Temminck, 1835, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 3,
p. 298 — Egypt, Sicily, Japan.
Hirundo scullii or H. rufula B scullii Seebohm, 1883, Ibis, p. 167,
169 — Gilgit and Nepal; type probably from Gilgit, fide Tice-
hurst, 1933, Ibis, p. 547.
Cecropis rufula ferghanensis Buturlin, 1912, Orn. Mitt., 3, p. 242
— Ferghana.
Breeds in southern Spain and in Morocco; also in Greece, Asia
Minor, Cyprus, Syria and Israel, eastward through southern Iran
to Baluchistan, eastern Afghanistan, Kashmir and Tien Shan;
winter range not known but a regular migrant in the Nile Valley
in Egypt.
Cecropis daurica domicella (Hartlaub and Finsch)
Hirundo domicella Hartlaub and Finsch, 1870, Vég. Ost. Africa,
p. 143 — Casamance.
Northern Africa from Senegal and Gambia eastward through the
northern territories of Gold Coast (Ghana) and Nigeria, Darfur,
and Bahr el Ghazal in the southern Sudan.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 7
Cecropis daurica disjuncta (Bates)
Hirundo daurica disjuncta Bates, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51,
p- 49 — Birwa Peak, 4,700 feet, Kono District, Sierra Leone.
Known only from the type locality.
Cecropis daurica kumboensis (Bannerman)
Hirundo rufula kumboensis Bannerman, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
43, p. 142 — Kumbo, 5,500 feet, Northern Nigeria.
British Cameroons in the highlands of Kumbo and Oku between
5,500 and 7,000 feet.
Cecropis daurica emini (Reichenow)
Hirundo emini Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 215 —
Bussisi, and Bukoba, Tanganyika.
Eastern Africa from the lake region of southern Ethiopia south-
ward through the highlands of the eastern Belgian Congo, Uganda,
Kenya, and Tanganyika to southern Nyasaland (Mlanje Plateau).
Cecropis daurica melanocrissa Riippell
Cecropis melanocrissus Riippell, 1845, Syst. Uebers. Vog. Nord-Ost-
Afrikas, p.17, pl.5— Province of Barakit, and Gondar,
Ethiopia.
Northern and central Ethiopia.
CECROPIS STRIOLATA
Cecropis striolata striolata (Temminck and Schlegel)
Hirundo striolata Temminck and Schlegel, 1847, in Siebold’s Fauna
Japonica, Aves, p. 33 — Java.
Hirundo daurica rothschildiana Rensch, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 17, p. 550 — Mborong, Flores.
Hirundo striolata formosae Mayr, 1941, Ibis, p. 370 — Naihokosho,
central Formosa.
Formosa, the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and the Lesser
Sunda Islands; Lombok, Flores, Alor, Wetar, Sumba, Timor.
Cecropis striolata mayri (Hall)
Hirundo striolata mayri Hall, 1953, Ibis, p. 547 — Singhaling
Hkamti, Upper Chindwin.
Inlha substriolata of authors, not Hume, 1877.
Hirundo daurica khasica Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
no. 1, p. 20 — Boko, Khasia Hills, Assam.
Breeds in the Khasia Hills, Assam and northwestern Upper
Burma; recorded in winter from the southern Shan States, northern
Thailand and northern Indochina.
9
118 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Cecropis striolata stanfordi (Mayr)
Hirundo striolata stanfordi Mayr, 1941, Ibis, p. 367 —Tamu,
1,000 feet, Myitkyina District, upper Burma.
Breeds in northeastern Upper Burma and northern Thailand;
this is probably the race breeding in northern Laos. Birds referable
to this form are recorded in winter from Laos, Tonkin, and Annam.
Cecropis striolata vernayi (Kinnear)
Hirundo daurica vernayi Kinnear, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45,
p- 27 — Longlung, Siam.
Known only from the type locality on the Thailand-Tenasserim
border, ca. lat. 16° 6’ N., long. 98° 45’ E., and from Nikhe, western
Thailand, ca. lat. 15° 5’ N., long. 98° 50’ E.
Cecropis striolata badia Cassin
Cecropis badia Cassin, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
6, p. 371 — Malacca.
Malay Peninsula from about Ban Don, Thailand, southward to
Selangor State.
GEeNnus PETROCHELIDON CaBaniIis
Petrochelidon Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., Th. 1, 1850-51, p. 47.
Type, by subsequent designation, Hirundo melanogaster Swain-
son (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 13).
Hylochelidon Gould, 1865, Handb. Birds Austral., 1, p. 110. Type,
by monotypy, Hirundo nigricans Vieillot.
Lagenoplastes Gould, 1865, Handb. Birds Austral., 1, p. 112.
Type, by monotypy, Collocalia ariel Gould.
Antrochelidon Baldamus, 1869, Journ. f. Orn., 7, p. 406. Type,
by monotypy, Hirundo nigricans Vieillot.
Lecythoplastes Reichenow, 1898, Orn. Monatsb., 6, p. 115. Type,
by monotypy, Lecythoplastes preussi Reichenow.
Haplochelidon Todd, 1929, Auk, 46, p. 245. Type, by original
designation, Hirundo andecola d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye.
cf. Vaurie, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1529, p. 27-28 (Hirundo
fluvicola).
White, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 56, p. 90-92 (races of nigri-
cans).
Zimmer, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1723, p. 12-14.
PETROCHELIDON RUFIGULA
Petrochelidon rufigula (Bocage)
Hirundo rufigula Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math.
Phys. Nat., Lisboa, 6, no. 24, p. 256 — Caconda, Benguela.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 119
_ From Caconda, Benguela District, Angola, eastward to the
Manyinga River in Northern Rhodesia, northward to the Sankuru
River, and the Congo River below Matadi, and Loango.
PETROCHELIDON PREUSSI
Petrochelidon preussi (Reichenow)
Lecythoplastes preussi Reichenow, 1898, Orn. Monatsb., 6, p.115
—near Edea, Cameroons.
French Sudan (Timbuktu; near Karu), Gold Coast or Ghana
(Gambaga), Nigeria (Bornu, Benue, Kabba, Benin and Niger pro-
vinces), southwestern Cameroons (Edea), and northern Belgian
Congo eastward to the Uele District.
PETROCHELIDON ANDECOLA
Petrochelidon andecola oroyae Chapman
Petrochelidon andecola oroyae Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 138, p. 12 — Oroya, 12,500 feet, Junin, Peru.
Puna zone of central Peru in Department of Junin.
Petrochelidon andecola andecola (d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye)
Hirundo andecola d’Orbigny and Lafresnaye, 1837, Syn. Av. in
Mag. Zool., cl. 2, p. 69 — La Paz, Bolivia.
Puna zone of southern Peru in departments of Arequipa, Cuzco
and Puno, northern Chile in the mountains of the provinces of Tara-
paca, and Arica, and northern and western Bolivia in departments
of La Paz, Cochabamba, Oruro, Potosi, and Tarija.
PETROCHELIDON NIGRICANS
Tree Martin
Petrochelidon nigricans timoriensis Sharpe
Petrochelidon timoriensis Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10,
p- 190 (in key), p. 192 — Timor.
Lesser Sunda Islands; Timor; Flores (one record).
Petrochelidon nigricans neglecta Mathews
Petrochelidon nigricans neglecta Mathews, 1912 (Jan.), Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 301 — North-West Australia; type from Fitzroy
River.
Petrochelidon nigricans distinguenda Mathews, 1912 (Jan.), Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 301 — East Murchison, West Australia.
Petrochelidon nigricans rogersi Mathews, 1912 (Apr.), Austral Av.
Rec., 1, p. 38 — Port Darwin, Northern Territory.
West and North Australia.
O*
120 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Petrochelidon nigricans nigricans (Vieillot)
Hirundo nigricans Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14,
p. 523 — New Holland, error = Hobart, Tasmania; see Ma-
thews, 1913, Austral Av. Rec., 2, p. 65.
Petrochelidon nigricans cayleyi Mathews, 1913, Austral Av. Rec.,
2, p. 65 — Albury, New South Wales.
Petrochelidon nigricans socialis Stresemann, 1923, Arch. f.
Naturg., 89, Abth. A, Heft 18, p. 26— Roma, Lesser Sunda
Islands.
Hylochelidon nigricans papua Mathews, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
48, p. 83 — Kei Islands.
Breeds in Queensland (except northern), New South Wales, Vic-
toria, eastern South Australia, and Tasmania. On migration or in
winter to northern Queensland, Aru Islands, Kei Islands, New
Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands; casual?
on Roma and Damar.
PETROCHELIDON SPILODERA
Petrochelidon spilodera (Sundevall)
Hirundo spilodera Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7,
p- 108 — South Africa; type from the Mooi River, Transvaal.
Breeds in South Africa from Griqualand West, the Transvaal,
and the uplands of Natal, south to eastern Cape Province. Winter
range not well known but recorded from Damaraland (Okahandja)
and middle Congo near Bolobo at that season.
PETROCHELIDON PYRRHONOTA
Cliff Swallow
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota pyrrhonota (Vieillot)
Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 14,
p. 519 — Paraguay.
Hirundo albifrons Rafinesque, 1822, Kentucky Gazette, n.s., 1,
no. 14, p. 3 — Newport, Kentucky.
Hirundo lunifrons Say, 1823, in Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., 2,
p. 47, note — Rocky Mountains.
Petrochelidon albifrons hypopolia Oberholser, 1920, Canadian
Field-Nat., 33, no. 5, p. 95 — Fort Norman, Mackenzie.
Petrochelidon albifrons aprophata Oberholser, 1932, Sci. Publ.
Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, no. 1, p. 6 — mouth of Twenty
Mile Creek, Warner Valley, 9 miles south of Adel, Oregon.
Breeds from central Alaska, central Yukon, central Mackenzie,
Saskatchewan, Ontario, southern Quebec, Anticosti Island, and
Cape Breton Island south to northern Baja California, northern
Arizona, northern New Mexico, northern and east-central Texas,
central Oklahoma, northern Missouri, western Kentucky, central
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 121
Tennessee, northern Alabama, western North Carolina, northern
Maryland and southern New Jersey. Migrates through Mexico,
Central America, Colombia and western Brazil (Rio Jurua); winters
from southern Brazil (Mato Grosso, Sao Paulo) to Paraguay and
northeastern Argentina.
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota tachina Oberholser
Petrochelidon lunifrons tachina Oberholser, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 16, p. 15 — Langtry, Texas.
Breeds from Arizona (except southeastern), New Mexico (except
southwestern), and southern Texas, along the Rio Grande Valley.
Migrates through Central America; winter range not known.
?Petrochelidon pyrrhonota minima van Rossem and Hachisuka
Petrochelidon albifrons minima van Rossem and Hachisuka, 1938,
Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 9, p. 5 — Pichicuate [= Cu-
chujaqui| River, seven miles east of Alamos, Sonora.
Breeds from southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico
through eastern Sonora, western Chihuahua and southern Coahuila,
south to northern Michoacan and northern Puebla. Migration route
unknown; recorded, on migration, from Obaldia, Panama, and in
winter in northwestern Argentina (Province of Tucuman). Doubt-
fully distinct from P. p. melanogaster.
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota melanogaster (Swainson)
Hirundo melanogaster Swainson, 1827, Philos. Mag., n.s., 1,
p- 366 — table land of Mexico = Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Petrochelidon swainsoni Sclater, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 26, p. 296 — Oaxaca, Mexico.
Breeds in southern portion of the Mexican plateau in states of
Guanajuato, Morelos, Hidalgo, Oaxaca and the Distrito Federal.
Migrates probably through Guatemala and El Salvador; winters in
southern Brazil (State of Sio Paulo) and northwestern Argentina
(Province of Tucuman).
PETROCHELIDON FULVA
Cave Swallow
Petrochelidon fulva pallida Nelson
Petrochelidon fulva pallida Nelson, 1902, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 15, p. 211 — Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
Breeds in south-central Texas (Kerr County), and northeastern
Mexico in states of Coahuila, San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas.
Winter range not known; recorded on migration in Chiapas and
southwestern Costa Rica.
122 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Petrochelidon fulva citata Van Tyne
Petrochelidon fulva citata Van Tyne, 1938, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool.
Univ. Michigan, no. 385, p. 2 — Chichén Itza, Yucatan.
Resident in the northern part of the Yucatan Peninsula.
Petrochelidon fulva fulva (Vieillot)
Hirundo fulva Vieillot, 1807, Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 62, pl. 32 —
Santo Domingo.
Hirundo coronata Lembeye, 1850, Aves Isla de Cuba, p. 45 —
Cafetal Fundador, Rio Canimar, Cuba. Not Hirundo coronata
Tickell, 1833.
Hirundo peciloma Gosse, 1847, Birds Jamaica, p. 64 — Jamaica.
Petrochelidon fulva cavicola Barbour and Brooks, 1917, Proc. New
England Zool. Cl., 6, p. 52 — San Antonio de los Bajios, Pro-
vincia de Havana, Cuba.
Greater Antilles: Puerto Rico, Cuba, Isle of Pines, Hispaniola
(including Gonave, Tortue, Ile 4 Vache); Jamaica, probably resident
on most of the islands, (including Cuba, but only present locally
during winter months), and apparently only a summer resident on
the Isle of Pines.t
Petrochelidon fulva aequatorialis Chapman
Petrochelidon rufocollaris aequatorialis Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 138, p. 12 — Alamor, Province of Loja, Ecuador.
Southwestern Ecuador in Province of Loja.
Petrochelidon fulva rufocollaris (Peale)
Hirundo rufocollaris Peale, 1848, Rept. U. 8S. Expl. Exped., 8,
p- 175 — near Callao, Peru.
Western Peru, in Department of Lima.
PETROCHELIDON FLUVICOLA
Petrochelidon fluvicola (Blyth)
Hirundo fluvicola Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24,
p. 471 — Sonar and Kane rivers, Bundelkund.
Northeastern Afghanistan (Kabul), and the greater part of India
from Kashmir eastward along the Himalayas to Sikkim, and south
to Coimbatore; birds from the higher elevations in the northern
parts of the range apparently withdraw to the plains in the winter.
1 cf. Bond, 1956, p. 118.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 123
PETROCHELIDON ARIEL
Fairy Martin
Petrochelidon ariel (Gould)
Collocalia Ariel Gould, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 10,
(1842), p. 132 — New South Wales.
Petrochelidon ariel conigravi Mathews, 1912, Austral Av. Rec., 1,
p. 75 — Wyndham, North-West Australia.
Eastern Australia from Port Denison (near Bowen) south to
Victoria, South Australia; West Australia, Tasmania.
PETROCHELIDON FULIGINOSA
Petrochelidon fuliginosa (Chapin)
Lecythoplastes fuliginosus Chapin, 1925, Ibis, p. 149, fig. 6 A —
Lolodorf, Cameroons.
Forested areas of southern Cameroons (Lolodorf; Elat; Efulen).
GENUS DELICHON HorsFietp anp Moore
Delichon ““Hodgs.”’ Horsfield and Moore, 1854 (8 Nov.), Cat. Birds
Mus. Hon. E.I.Co., 1, (1856), p. 384. Type, by monotypy,
Delichon nipalensis Horsfield and Moore.
Delichon Moore, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1854), p. 104.
Type, by monotypy, Delichon nipalensis Moore.
Chelidonaria Reichenow, 1889, Journ. f. Orn., 37, p. 187. Type,
by original designation, Hirundo urbica Linnaeus.
cf. Clancey, 1950, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 1, p. 39-42.
Vaurie, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1529, p. 41-47.
Dementiev, 1954, Ptitsy Sovietskogo Soiuza, 6, p. 714-728.
DELICHON URBICA
House Martin
Delichon urbica urbica (Linnaeus)
Hirundo urbica Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 192 —
Europe = Sweden.
Chelidon albigena Heuglin, 1861, Journ. f. Orn., 9, p. 419 —
mountains of Bogos Land.
Hirundo urbica orientalis Ssomow, 1896, Orn. Jahrb., 7, p. 81 —
Kharkov.
Hirundo urbica vogti Kleinschmidt, 1935, Kat. Orn. Samml.,
p. 53 — Odenwald and Kornsand, Rhein.
Breeds in Europe and western Asia from Lapland, Arkhangelsk,
and lat. 62°-63° N. on the Pechora southeastward to Minusinsk,
and south to France, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria,
124 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
southern Russia, the Altai, Tarbagatai, and northwestern Mongolia;
the populations of Italy (at least southern) and the Balkan Penin-
sula appear to be intermediate between this race and D. wu. meridio-
nalis. Reported as breeding in South-West Africa (Otjiwarongo)
and eastern Cape Province (Keiskamo Hoek). Winters (not numer-
ously) in West Africa from Senegal to the Ivory Coast and (com-
monly) in southeastern Africa.
Delichon urbica meridionalis (Hartert)
Hirundo urbica meridionalis Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
Heft 6, p. 809 — Hamman R’Hira, Algeria.
Chelidon urbica alexandrovi Zarudny, 1916, Orn. Mitt., 7, p. 29 —
Pamir- Alai.
Breeds in southern Spain, the Balearic Islands, Crete and probably
other islands in the Mediterranean; North Africa from Morocco to
Cyrenaica; the Crimea, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Iraq, Iran, Turkestan
and northwestern India.
Delichon urbica lagopoda (Pallas)
Hirundo Lagopoda Pallas, 1811, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1, p. 532 —
Dauria.
Chelidon whiteleyi Swinhoe, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1862),
p- 320 — Pekin.
Eastern Asia from the upper Yenisei (Krasnoyarsk) northeast-
ward through the middle Lena and Yana valleys to the Kolyma
Delta on lat. 69°15’ N., south to northern Mongolia (Khangai and
Kentei Mts.), central Manchuria and the middle Amur. Winters in
southern China, Burma, Thailand and Indochina.
DELICHON DASYPUS
Delichon dasypus cashmiriensis (Gould)
Chelidon Cashmiriensis Gould, 1858, Proce. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 26, p. 356 — Cashmir.
The Himalayas from southeastern Afghanistan to Sikkim, north
to southern Gilgit and Ladak. Mountains of western China in pro-
vinces of Tsinghai (north to the South Tetung Range), Sikang, and
Szechwan; the birds recorded in summer from the mountains of
Hopeh may be referable to this race. In India at least chiefly resident
but recorded in winter from the Central Provinces, and at the same
season from northern Thailand.
Delichon dasypus nigrimentalis (Hartert)
Hirundo urbica nigrimentalis Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
Heft 6, p. 810 — Kuatun, Fokien.
1 Godfrev, 1947, Odl. Rec., 21, p. 12-15.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 125
Breeds in southeastern China in provinces of Fokien and Kwangsi;
Island of Formosa. Winter range and migratory movements not
recorded.
Delichon dasypus dasypus (Bonaparte)
Chelidon dasypus ““Temm.”’ Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1, p.343
— Borneo.
Breeds in Sakalin, the Kurile Islands (Uruppu; Etorofu), Hok-
kaido, Hondo, Kiusiu, and the eastern coast of Korea. Migrates
through northeastern China and winters in the Malay States, the
Philippines (Calayan), Borneo and Java.
DELICHON NIPALENSIS
Delichon nipalensis nipalensis Horsfield and Moore
Delichon nipalensis Horsfield and Moore, 1854 (Nov.), Cat. Birds
Mus. Hon. E. I. Co., 1, (1856), p. 384 — Nepal.
Delichon Nipalensis Moore, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1854),
p- 104 — Nepal.
Hirundo cutting: ernstmayri Wolters, 1952, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 3,
p- 280. New name for Delichon n. nipalensis Moore.
Delichon nipalensis bartletti Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc. India,
4, p. 43 — Hmunthu, Lushai Hills.
Resident in the Himalayas from Naini Tal to eastern Assam and
south to Cachar and Manipur; Tonkin (Laokay).
Delichon nipalensis cuttingi Mayr
Delichon nipalensis cuttingi Mayr, 1941, Ibis, p. 365 — Gangfang,
5,500 feet, near the Burma-Yunnan border.
Known definitely only from the type locality, but probably
occurs also in the Myitkyina district.
GENUS PSALIDOPROCNE CaBanis
Psalidoprocne Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., Th. 1, 1850-51, p. 48.
Type, by monotypy, Ps. cypselina Cabanis = Hirundo holomelas
Sundevall.
Pristoptera Bonaparte, 1857, Riv. Contemp., Torino, 9, p. 210.
Type, by tautonymy, Pristoptera typica Bp. = Hirundo pristop-
tera Rippell.
cf. Boetticher, 1943, Zool. Anz., 143, p. 205-209.
Chapin, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 56, p. 4-7.
Subgenus WOLTERSIA BoerticHEerR
Woltersia Boetticher, 1943, Zool. Anz., 143, p. 209. Type, by
original designation, Atticora nitens Cassin.
126 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
PSALIDOPROCNE NITENS
Psalidoprocne nitens nitens (Cassin)
Atticora nitens Cassin, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
sig. 2, p. 38 — Muni River, Gabon.
Psalidoprocne nigra Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn., 69, p. 47 —
Jaunde, Cameroons.
West Africa from Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria and south-
wards through Cameroons and Gabon to the north of the Congo
River.
Psalidoprocne nitens centralis Neumann
Psalidoprocne nitens centralis Neumann, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12,
p. 144 — Kitima Station on the Ituri.
Northeastern Belgian Congo.
SusGENus PSALIDOPROCNE CaBanis
PSALIDOPROCNE FULIGINOSA
Psalidoprocne fuliginosa Shelley
Psalidoprocne fuliginosa Shelley, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 123 — Cameroon Mountain.
Psalidoprocne poensis Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13,
p. 34 — Bakaki, Fernando Po.
On the African mainland confined to Cameroon Mountain at
elevations between 7,000 and 9,000 feet; upper elevations on the
mountains of Fernando Po.
PSALIDOPROCNE ALBICEPS
Psalidoprocne albiceps Sclater
Psalidoprocne albiceps Sclater, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 108, pl. 14 — Uzinza, Tabora district, Tanganyika Territory.
Psalidoprocne pallidigula Salvadori, 1907, Bull. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. Torino, 22, no. 570, p. 4 — Lake Mweru, central Africa.
Upper White Nile (Lado) southward through the lake region of
eastern Belgian Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, western Tanga-
nyika to Northern Rhodesia (Lake Bangweulu) and northern Nyasa-
land (River Mzimba).
PSALIDOPROCNE PRISTOPTERA
Psalidoprocne pristoptera pristoptera (Riippell)
Hirundo (Chelidon) pristoptera Riippell, 1836, Neue Wirbelth.,
Vog., p. 105, pl. 39, fig. 2 —Simen Province, Ethiopia.
Highlands of Eritrea (Anseba Valley), southward through the
upper Blue Nile Valley and the highlands of Ethiopia to the upper
Gelo River.
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE 127
?Psalidoprocne pristoptera blanfordi Blundell and Lovat
Psalidoprocne blanfordi Blundell and Lovat, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 10, p. xx— Bilo, Ethiopia.
Southern Ethiopia in the basin of the Omu River; doubtfully
distinct from P. p. pristoptera.
PSALIDOPROCNE OLEAGINEA
Psalidoprocne oleaginea Neumann
Psalidoprocne orientalis oleaginea Neumann, 1904, Orn. Monatsb..,
12, p. 144—Schubba in west Kafa, Ethiopia.
Southwestern slopes of the Ethiopian Plateau.
PSALIDOPROCNE ANTINORII
Psalidoprocne antinorii Salvadori
Psalidoprocne antinori Salvadori, 1884, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
21, p. 123 — Denz, Shoa.
Mountains of Ethiopia from Addis Ababa and Harar southwest-
ward through Kaffa and the Shoan lakes region to the northern end
of Lake Rudolf.
PSALIDOPROCNE PETITI
Psalidoprocne petiti Sharpe and Bouvier
Psalidoprocne Petiti Sharpe and Bouvier, 1876, Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, 1, p. 38, pl. 2— Landana and Chinchoxo.
Psalidoprocne tessmanni Reichenow, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15,
p- 146 — Rio Benito.
Psalidoprocne sammetina Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18,
p- 191 — Bamenda, Cameroons.
British Cameroons highlands southward through French Came-
roons and Gabon to Cabinda and the lower Congo River.
PSALIDOPROCNE HOLOMELAENA
Psalidoprocne holomelaena ruwenzori Chapin
Psalidoprocne holomelaena ruwenzort Chapin, 1932, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 570, p. 13 — Kalongi, 6,900 feet, Butahu Valley,
West Ruwenzori.
Eastern Belgian Congo and western Uganda on the slopes of
Ruwenzori, south to Kigezi and Lake Kivu.
Psalidoprocne holomelaena massaica Neumann
Psalidoprocne holomelaena massaica Neumann, 1904, Orn. Monatsb.,
12, p. 144 — Kikuyu.
Forested portions of Kenya, chiefly above 5,000 feet, south to
the Uluguru and Usambara Mts. in Tanganyika.
128 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Psalidoprocne holomelaena holomelaena (Sundevall)
Hirundo holomelas Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7,
p- 108 — Port Natal = Durban, Natal.
Wetter portions of South Africa in Transvaal (north to Zoutpans-
berg), Natal, and southern and eastern Cape Province.
PSALIDOPROCNE ORIENTALIS
Psalidoprocne orientalis reichenowi Neumann
Psalidoprocne orientalis reichenowi Neumann, 1904, Orn. Monatsb.,
12, p. 144 — Chinchoxo.
Psalidoprocne késteri Neumann, 1933, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern,
20, p. 227 —Chipepe, Bailundu, Benguela.
Loango Coast and Cabinda south to Benguela and eastward to
southeastern Belgian Congo (Idiofa), the Katanga (Dilolo; Elisa-
bethville), and Northern Rhodesia (Mwinilunga Dist.; Kasempa).
Psalidoprocne orientalis orientalis Reichenow
Psalidoprocne petiti orientalis Reichenow, 1889, Journ. f. Orn., 37,
p. 277 — Lewa, Dodoma District, Tanganyika.
Psalidoprocne percivali Ogilvie-Grant, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
8, p. lv — Ruo, Nyasaland.
Tanganyika north to the Usambara Mts. and southward through
northeastern Northern Rhodesia (Mpika District), Nyasaland and
northern Mozambique south to Milanje and Ribare.
PSALIDOPROCNE MANGBETTORUM
Psalidoprocne mangbettorum Chapin
Psalidoprocne mangbettorum Chapin, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 56, p. 7 — Medje, Ituri district, Belgian Congo.
Northeastern Belgian Congo from the region of the Nepoko River
northward and northeastward to the Congo-Nile divide.
PSALIDOPROCNE CHALYBEA
Psalidoprocne chalybea Reichenow
Psalidoprocne chalybea Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40,
p. 442 — Victoria, Cameroons.
Psalidoprocne bamingui Alexander, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 21,
p. 88 — Bamingui River, upper Shari River.
Extreme southeastern Nigeria (Victoria), eastward across Came-
roons, Ubangi-Shari and, northern Belgian Congo to the Ituri River.
1 Probably a subspecies of chalybea.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 129
PSALIDOPROCNE OBSCURA
Psalidoprocne obscura (Hartlaub)
Hirundo obscura Hartlaub, 1855, Journ. f. Orn., 3, p. 355 — Dabo-
crom, Gold Coast.
Upper Guinea from Sierra Leone eastward to Nigeria (Plateau
Province; Victoria).
Famity MOTACILLIDAE
CHARLES H. Vaurie (Palaearctic)
CHARLES M. N. Warts (Africa)
Ernst Mayr (southeastern Asia)
JAMES C. GREENWAY, Jr. (America)!
cf. Hartert, 1905, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, Heft 5, p. 285-310.
— , 1921, op. cit., 3, Heft 3, p. 2090-2100.
Mathews, 1930, Syst. Av. Australas., 2, p. 817-821.
Hartert and Steinbacher, 1933, op. cit., Ergainzungsb., Heft 3,
p. 184-151.
Chasen, 1935, Handl. Malays. Birds, p. 284-287.
Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 8, p. 82-83.
Bannerman, 1936, Birds Trop. W. Africa, 4, p. 59-64, 72-79.
Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 104-105.
Johansen, 1952, Journ. f. Orn., 92, (1944), p. 145-169.
Chapin, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75A (Birds Belg.
Congo), p. 58-94.
Dementiev, 1954, Ptitsy Sovietskogo Soiuza, 5, p. 594-691.
Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1955, Birds E. and N.E. Africa,
2, p. 49-51, 61-75.
Genus DENDRONANTHUS BtiytTH
Dendronanthus Blyth, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, p.116.
Type, by monotypy and original designation, Motacilla indica
Gmelin.
DENDRONANTHUS INDICUS
Dendronanthus indicus (Gmelin)
Motacilla indica Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 184, 962 — India.
Extreme eastern Siberia in southern Ussuriland southward from
the Bikin River through Manchuria, Korea and the hills of northern
China in Hopeh and perhaps northern Anhwei (perhaps also Cachar
and Assam, fide Stuart-Baker). Migrates to southeastern China and
1 Ms. of Motacilla read by: Finn Salomonsen (Palaearctic), Austin L. Rand
(Africa), and of Anthus by Alexander Wetmore (America).
130 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Hainan, Indo China, northern Thailand, India, Ceylon, Malaya,
Borneo, Java and Sumatra; strays to Japan, the Bonin and Riu
Kiu Islands.
GENus MOTACILLA Linnaeus
Motacilla Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 184. Type, by
tautonomy, “‘Motacilla’”’ = M.alba Linnaeus.
Budytes Cuvier, 1817, Régne Anim., 1, p. 371. Type, by subse-
quent designation, Motacilla flava Linnaeus (Gray, 1840).
Aguimpa Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 255. Type,
by original designation, Motacilla aguimp Dumont.
Psomophilus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 255. Type,
by original designation, Motacilla capensis Linnaeus.
Atolmodytes Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 255. Type,
by original designation, Motacilla clara Sharpe.
cf. Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 38, p. 30-40 (M.
citreola and Asiatic races of M. flava).
Stresemann, 1926, Orn. Monatsb., 34, p. 59-61 (M. flava).
Paludan, 1932, Journ. f. Orn., 80, p. 392-416 (M. alba).
Grote, 1937, Orn. Monatsb., 45, p. 162-166 (M. flava).
Johansen, 1946, Dansk Orn. For. Tidskr., 40, p. 121-142 (M.
flava).
Smith, 1950, “The Yellow Wagtail’’, London, Collins.
Williamson, 1955, British Birds, 48, p. 382-403 (1. flava).
Mayr, 1956, British Birds, 49, p. 115-119 (M. flava).
Vaurie, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1832, p. 1-16 (M. cinerea
and M. flava).
MOTACILLA FLAVA
Yellow Wagtail
Motacilla flava flavissima (Blyth)!
Budytes flavissima Blyth, 1834, Mag. Nat. Hist. Journ. Zool., 7,
p. 342, and op. cit., 9, 1836, p. 631 — England.
Budytes Rayi Bonaparte, 1838, Geog. and Comp. List, p. 18 —
British Islands.
England and southwestern Scotland south of the Clyde, and form-
erly Ireland; southern coast of Norway near Stavanger; Heligoland;
Holland and occasionally Belgium; France on Channel coasts, and
the Channel Islands to Ouessant Island. Migrates through France,
and sometimes Germany and Switzerland; Spain and Africa to the
Belgian Congo, upper Nile Valley and Southern Rhodesia.
1 The name flavissima appears in the Checklist of Birds of Great Britain
and Ireland as well as later editions of the Handlist of British Birds and
other publications and is therefore used by the author. It is, however, a
nomen nudum.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 131
Motacilla flava flava Linnaeus
Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 185 —
“Kuropa”’ = Southern Sweden.
Southernmost Norway, southern Sweden north to about 60° N,
southern Finland, and Russia from about 60° N in the west southeast
to the foothills of the Urals in the gouvernement of Ufa, south to
central France, northern Italy, northern Dalmatia, Hungary, western
Rumania, and the Ukraine; occasionally southeastern England in
Sussex, Kent, and elsewhere. Migrates to the southern Sahara, the
Nile Valley southward throughout the greater part of Africa to
the Cape of Good Hope.
The limits of the breeding range cannot be defined with certainty.
As arule, wherever nominate flava meets contiguous races it grades
into or hybridizes with them and individual variation is great in
zones of secondary integration. Nominate flava grades, through
primary or secondary integration, with thunbergi in southern Fin-
land and in Russia south to Voronezh, with feldegg from southern
Ukraine to southern Rumania and the Dobruja, with beema in
southeastern Russia and southern Urals, and with cinereocapilla in
southern Austria, northernmost Italy, and northern Yugoslavia
south to northern Dalmatia; in the last region as well as in northern
Serbia with feldegg also. In southern France it may grade into
populations that are more or less intermediate between iberiae and
cinereocapilla. Hybridization with flavissima appears to be infre-
uent.
: Among the names which have been given to intermediate forms
are: superciliaris Brehm, 1854, Journ. f. Orn., 2, p. 74, near Khar-
toum (a hybrid between flava subsp. and feldegg); dombrowskii
Tschusi, 1903, Orn. Jahrb., 14, p. 161, Rumania (flava, feldegg, and
thunbergi); and perconfusus Grant, 1949, Bull. Brit. Orn., Cl. 69,
p. 180, Khartoum (flava and flavissima).
Motacilla flava iberiae Hartert
Motacilla flava iberiae Hartert, 1921, Vog. pal. Fauna, 3, Heft 3,
p. 2097, new name for Bludytes] fasciatus Zander, 1851, not
Motacilla fasciata Bechstein, 1795 = Acrocephalus palustris
Bechstein — Southern France.!
Southern France from the Atlantic eastward in the Pyrenees
along the Mediterranean coast, and occasionally Corsica, southward
through Spain and the Balearic Islands, Morocco, northern and
central Tunisia and probably Algeria. Migration and winter range
not known.
Motacilla flava cinereocapilla Savi
Motacilla cinereocapilla Savi, 1831, Nuovo Giorn. Letterat., no.
57, p. 190 — Italy.’
1 Hartert, 1928, improperly designated a neotype from Spain.
2 Not seen; fide Sherborn.
132 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Italy, Sicily and Sardinia. Intergrades with iberiae in southeast-
ern France, with flava in southern Austria, and northern Yugoslavia,
with feldegg in northern Dalmatia and Hercegovina; identity of
Swiss population in doubt. Migrates through northwestern Arabia,
Mediterranean islands and Spain to Africa in Sudan and southern
Sahara.
Motacilla flava pygmaea (Brehm)
Bludytes| pygmaeus A. E. Brehm, 1854, Journ. f. Orn., 2, p. 74,
footnote — “northeast Africa’ = Egypt.
Egypt.
Motacilla flava beema (Sykes)
Budytes beema Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 90 —
Deccan, India.
Steppes, from southeastern Russia east of the Volga and southern
Urals eastward, south of about 57° N and north of about 49° N,
to the region of Krasnoyarsk and the upper Yenisei. Migrates to
India, east to Assam, and Ceylon, and, in small numbers, to Africa
south to Uganda.
Motacilla flava leucocephala (Przevalski)
Budytes leucocephala Przevalski, 1887, Zapiski Imp. Akad. Nauk,
55, p. 85 — Urungu River, northern Dzungaria.
Northwestern Mongolia in the region of the Achitu Nor and per-
haps northwestern Dzungaria in the region of the Ulyungur Nor
and the basin of the Urungu. Birds indistinguishable from the race
breed occasionally on the Kirghiz steppes. Migrates through Mongo-
lia and Russian Turkestan to India in northwestern Punjab. ~*
Motacilla flava lutea (Gmelin)
Parus luteus 8. G. Gmelin, 1774, Reise Russl., 3, p. 101, pl. 20,
fig. | — Astrakhan.
Replaces campestris Pallas, not Linnaeus, 1758, of Sharpe’s Hand-
List and authors.
Southeastern Russia in the gouvernements of Kazan and Oren-
burg, Penza, and steppe country of the lower Volga eastward, south
of about lat. 54° N. to about long. 78° E. and southward to the
Caspian and Aral Sea region. Migrates through near eastern countries
to Africa southward to the Transvaal and to India and Ceylon.
Motacilla flava zaissanensis (Poliakov)
Budytes flava zaissanensis Poliakov,! 1911, Messager Orn., p. 313,
327 — Zaisan Nor.
1 Rather poorly differentiated intermediate between beema and angar-
ensis.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 133
Vicinity of Zaisan Nor and the Kara Irtysh and probably the
Russian Altai and Western Sayan. Migrates to India (Java, fide
Voous).
Motacilla flava thunbergi Billberg
Motacilla Thunbergi Billberg, 1828, Syn. Faun. Scand., 1, pt. 2,
Aves, p. 50 — Lapland.
Budytes thunbergi alakulensis Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1950,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 69, p. 131 — Lake Ala Kul, east of Balk-
hash, Russian Turkestan.
Northern Scandinavia and Russia (intergrading with flava in
southern Finland and western Russia), eastward in northwestern
Siberia to the region of the Gulf of Ob and Taz River, beyond
which intergrades with plexa. Migrates through Europe, including
the British Isles, and the Near East to Africa from the Belgian
Congo eastward to Kenya and southward to South Africa in the
Transvaal.
Motacilla flava plexa (Thayer and Bangs)
Budytes flavus plexus Thayer and Bangs, 1914, Proc. New England
Zool. Cl., 5, p.41 — Nizhne Kolymsk, lower Kolyma, north-
eastern Siberia.
Northern Siberia from the neighborhood of the Yenisei, east of
the range of thunbergi, eastward to the Kolyma Basin. Winter
quarters uncertain but probably India; recorded from Manchuria
on migration.
Motacilla flava angarensis (Sushkin)
[Budytes flava] angarensis Sushkin, 1925, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., 38, p. 33 — Sharagolskaia village on the Chikoi River,
southwestern Transbaicalia.
Eastern Siberia, south of plexa and north of macronyx, on the
coast of the Sea of Okhotsk south to the gulf of Uda, westward,
north to the middle Yana and Verkhoyansk, to Lake Yesei at the
headwaters of the Khatanga, south through the basins of the Lower
and Middle Tunguskas and the Angara, and western Transbaicalia
south to the Tola River Valley in northern Mongolia; farther east
in Transbaicalia it is replaced by and probably grades into macronyz.
Migrates through eastern Mongolia, probably Manchuria and eastern
China to Burma, Thailand south to the peninsula, Annam and
southern Laos.
Motacilla flava macronyx (Stresemann)
Budytes flavus macronyx Stresemann, 1920, Avif. Macedon., p. 76
— Vladivostok.
10
134 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Ussuriland and Amurland, westward to southeastern Transbai-
calia, south to northeastern Mongolia and central Manchuria. Mi-
erates through northern Korea and eastern China, Indo China,
Burma, Thailand, Malaya and Sumatra.
Motacilla flava simillima Hartert
Motacilla flava simillima Hartert, 1905, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p.
289 — ‘“‘Kamchatka”’ (type from the Sulu Archipelago).
Coast of the Shelekhova Gulf in Siberia, Kamchatka, Commander
Islands and northern Kuriles. Migrates through Manchuria, Sakhalin,
rarely Japan and Riu Kius, eastern China to the Philippines, Pala-
wan, Burma, Malaya and islands of the East Indies.
Motacilla flava tschutschensis Gmelin
Motacilla tschutschensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 962 —
coast of Chukotski Peninsula.
Budytes flavus alascensis Ridgway, 1903, Proc Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 16, p. 105 —St. Michael, western Alaska.
Eastern Anadyrland from the Anadyr River, the Chukotski Pen-
insula south perhaps to lat. 60° N., where intergrades with simillima:
Nunivak Island; western Alaska east to Point Barrow and south
to the Nushagak River. Migrates through eastern China to Java
(fide Voous).
Motacilla flava taivana (Swinhoe)
Budytes taivanus Swinhoe, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 274,
334 — Formosa. F
Eastern Siberia from the headwaters of the Yana, Indigirka, and
Kolyma westward to about the junction of the Vilyui and Lena,
south to the Vitim River and northern Amurland, eastward to the
shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, Shantar Islands, lower Amur, and
Sakhalin. Migrates through Manchuria, Korea, central and eastern
China and the Riu Kius to southeastern China, Formosa, Indo
China, Philippines (probably), Palawan, Malaya and the East Indies.
Motacilla flava feldegg Michahelles
Motacilla Feldegg Michahelles, 1830, Isis von Oken, 23, col. 812
—near Spalato, southern Dalmatia.
Budytes aralensis Homeyer, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26, p. 128 —
Aral Sea.
Motacilla raddei Harms, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17, p. 20 — Trans-
caspia.
Southern Dalmatia, southern Serbia, central Bulgaria southward
through the Balkan Peninsula; Asia Minor and the Near East
southward to Syria and Lake Huleh; from steppes of southern
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 135
Ukraine and Crimea eastward to the gouvernement of Astrakhan
and the Caspian Sea, and southward to the Caucasus; Transcauca-
sia, southern Iraq, and eastward to Iran and northern Afghanistan.
Migrates to East Africa and, in small numbers, to northwestern
India.
Motacilla flava melanogrisea (Homeyer)
Budytes melanogriseus Homeyer, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26, p. 128
— India.
Russian Turkestan from Tarbagatai in Semirechia southward
to the Ili River Valley and the Tian Shan. Migrates to northwestern
India, occasionally southern Bombay and east to Benares.
MOTACILLA CITREOLA
Motacilla citreola citreola Pallas
Motacilla citreola Pallas, 1776, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs,
3, p. 696 — “In Siberia orientaliore’’.
Northeastern Russia and northeastern and central Siberia from
the base of the Kanin Peninsula eastward to the mouth of the
Khatanga River, south to about 65° N on the Ob, 58° N on the
Yenisei, also upper Vilyui River, Transbaicalia to the upper Amur,
south to northwestern Manchuria, Outer Mongolia north of the
Gobi, Altai, Sayans, Tarbagatai, [li River Valley eastward in the
foothills of the Tian Shan and plains of Kashgar. The range is more
or less discontinuous. Migrates to southern Baluchistan; India,
south to Travancore, northern Thailand, Indo China and southeast-
ern China.
Motacilla citreola werae (Buturlin)
Budytes citreola werae Buturlin, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15, p. 197
— Promzino, Sura Valley, Gouvernement of Simbirsk [Ulya-
novsk], southeastern Russia.
Steppes in Russia and Siberia from the neighborhood of Tula
and Ryazan, eastward between lat. 57° N. and about lat. 50° N.
to the steppes of the Kuznetsk region, Tomsk and the Russian Altai
at about long. 87° E. Migrates through eastern Iran, Russian Turke-
stan, Tadzhikistan and Afghanistan to India.
Motacilla citreola calcarata Hodgson
[Motacilla] Calcarata Hodgson, 1836, Asiat. Res., 19, p. 190 —
no locality = Nepal.
Motacilla citreola weigoldi Rensch, 1924, Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Mus.
Dresden, 16, no. 2, p. 55 — Sungpan, northern Szechwan.
Eastern Iran from Kirman and Khorasan eastward through
northern Afghanistan northward and eastward to Tadzhikistan,
Pamirs, Ferghana, Naryn and the Tian Shan south and west of
10*
136 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Issyk Kul, southward and eastward to northern Baluchistan through
the Himalayas to Ladak and the Tibetan Plateau to southern
Tsinghai, Kansu and Inner Mongolia southward to northern Sikang
and northern Szechwan. In winter to southern Afghanistan, foot-
hills of the Himalayas and neighboring plains, Assam south of the
Brahmaputra and Burma.
MOTACILLA CINEREA
Grey Wagtail
Motacilla cinerea patriciae Vaurie
Motacilla cinerea patriciae Vaurie, 1957, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1832, p. 12 — Furnas, Sao Miguel, Azores.
Azores.
Motacilla cinerea schmitzi Tschusi
Motacilla boarula schmitz Tschusi, 1900, Orn. Jahrb., 11, p. 223
— Madeira.
Madeira.
Motacilla cinerea canariensis Hartert
Motacilla boarula canariensis Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p.
322 — Esperanza, Tenerife, Canaries.
Canary Islands: Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Palma, Gomera and
(7) Hiero.
Motacilla cinerea cinerea Tunstall
Motacilla Cinerea Tunstall, 1771, Orn. Brit., p. 2. Based on the
“Gray Water Wagtail” of [Pennant] Brit. Zool. and ““Berger-
onette Jaune”’ of Brisson, 1760, Orn., 3, p. 471 —no locality
= Wycliffe, Yorkshire, England, fide Clancey, 1946.
Parus Caspicus 8. G. Gmelin, 1774, Reise Russl., 3, p. 104, pl. 20,
fig. 2 — Enzeli [= Pahlevi], Gilan, northern Iran.
Motacilla melanope Pallas, 1776, Reise versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs.,
3, p. 696 — “Dauria”’ = Transbaicalia.
Replaces M. boarula Linnaeus of Sharpe and authors.
Southern Norway and southern Sweden south of about 58° to
60° N. southward through Europe including British Isles (but lacking
in northern Jutland and western Holland) to the Iberian Peninsula,
Morocco, and western Algeria, Corsica, Italy and Sicily, Asia Minor,
Caucasus, Iran, southern Transcaspia and northern Afghanistan to
northern Baluchistan and the Himalayas, Russia (except in the
plains and steppes and also the steppes of Siberia or any regions
in which there are no clear running streams) but in the mountains
of Turkestan, the Altai, and northern Mongolia, grading in the
Far East into robusta.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 37
Winter range (together with that of robusta, which cannot always
be distinguished in winter) includes Africa, southern Afghanistan,
Baluchistan, India, Ceylon, Thailand, Malaya, the East Indies,
Indo China, the Philippines, western New Guinea and southern
China, south of the Yangtze.
Motacilla cinerea robusta (Brehm)
Pallenura robusta Brehm, 1857, Journ. f. Orn., 5, p. 32 — Japan.
Kamchatka and eastern Siberia along the shores of the Sea of
Okhotsk, to eastern Amurland, Ussuriland, Manchuria south to
northern Hopeh, Sakhalin, northern Korea, and Hokkaido and
Hondo in Japan. Migrates through eastern China to Formosa,
Philippines and Indonesia.
MOTACILLA ALBA?
Pied Wagtail
Motacilla alba yarrellii Gould
Mf{otacilla] Yarrellii Gould, 1837, Mag. Nat. Hist., new ser., 1,
p. 460 — Great Britain.
Replaces lugubris of Sharpe’s Hand-List.
British Isles and occasionally Jersey, Channel Islands. Said to
have bred occasionally in southwestern Norway, Denmark, Schles-
wig-Holstein, Holland and Belgium. In winter to western France
southward to the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco.
Motacilla alba alba Linnaeus
Motacilla alba Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 185 —
“Kuropa’”’ = Sweden.
Southeastern Greenland, Iceland, Faroes (irregularly), Kolguev
Island and southern Novaya Zemlya, and continental Europe from
shores of the Barents and Kara Seas southward to the Mediterran-
ean, the Black Sea and Asia Minor through Syria, and eastward
in Russia to the Pechora Basin and the southern Urals (where
intergrades with dukhunensis). In winter, southern Europe and
Africa south to Liberia, northern Belgian Congo and southern Kenya;
Canary Islands; Madeira; Arabia; Iraq and southern Iran.
Motacilla alba subpersonata Meade-Waldo
Motacilla subpersonata Meade-Waldo, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
12, p. 27 — Wadi Moorbei, Rehamza, Morocco.
Morocco.
1 This species, together with aguimp of Africa, madaraspatensis of India,
and grandis of Japan may be considered to form a superspecies.
138 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
?Motacilla alba forwoodi Oglivie-Grant and Forbes
Motacilla forwoodi Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes, 1899, Bull. Liver-
pool Mus., 2, p.3 — Abd el Kuri Island.
Supposedly breeding on Abd el Kuri Island near Socotra, but
status requires further investigation there.
Motacilla alba dukhunensis Sykes
Motacilla Dukhunensis Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
91 — Deccan, India.
Southeastern Russia and the Urals eastward through Siberia to
the middle course of the Lower Tunguska and Angara, north to the
southern Yamal Peninsula, Gydansk Peninsula and lower Yenisei,
south through the Kirghiz Steppes, Aral Caspian region, Lake
Balkhash, Kuznetsk Ala Tau, and western Russian Altai, and in
the west from the Caucasus and Transcaucasia eastward through
northwestern [ran and the Caspian districts to the region of Gurgan.
Intergrades with nominate alba in the west, with ocularis, baicalensis,
and personata in Siberia, and with the latter and persica in Iran.
In winter to southern Transcaspia, southern Iran, southern Iraq,
eastern Arabia, and eastward to southern Afghanistan, Baluchistan
to Bengal and Assam in India and southward to Ceylon.
Motacilla alba personata Gould
Motacilla personata Gould, 1861, Birds Asia, pt. 13, pl. 63 —
Bengal and northern parts of Hindostan.
Central Siberia, east of the range of dukhunensis, from about
lat. 58° N. in the region of the middle Yenisei at Yeniseisk, east-
ward to about long. 100° E., and southward, east of the Kuznetsk
Ala Tau (Mts.), Lake Zaissan and Lake Balkhash to the Ili River
Basin, and westward to the middle Syr Daria and eastern Iran to
the vicinity of Gurgan (where intergrades with dukhunensis), and
south to Seistan; thence northeastward in northern Afghanistan,
the Pamirs, Tian Shan, Dzungaria and northwestern Mongolia
(intergrades with baicalensis in the eastern part of the range).
In winter to Chinese Turkestan and from southern Iraq eastward
through southern Iran, southern Afghanistan and Baluchistan and
northern India to Assam.
Motacilla alba persica Blanford!
M{otacilla| personata Gould var. Persica Blanford, 1876, Eastern
Persia, 2, Zool. Geol., p. 232 — Persian Highlands = near Niriz,
east of Shiraz [Fars], fide Sharpe, 1885.
Iran, apparently on southern slopes of the Elburz Mts. and in
the Zagros eastward to Kirman. Moves to lower altitudes as a rule
but occurs in southern Iran in Winter.
1 Individual variation great; intermediate between dukhunensis and
personata; a poorly differentiated form.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 139
Motacilla alba baicalensis Swinhoe
Motacilla baicalensis Swinhoe, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
363 — “Eastern Asia’’.
South central and southeastern Siberia (east of personata and of
dukhunensis and south to ocularis) from about long. 95° E. to 125°
E., north to the Vitim Plateau and Stanovoi Range, southward
to the region west of Lake Baikal and Khangai in Mongolia, and
through Transbaicalia south to Kentei and northern Gobi, and
eastward through Amurland to about Blagoveshchensk, south to
probably northwestern Manchuria. In winter to northern and south-
eastern Iran; northern Afghanistan; northern India; Burma, south
to Tenasserim; northern Thailand; probably Indo China; China
from Hopeh south to Yunnan.
Motacilla alba ocularis Swinhoe
Motacilla ocularis Swinhoe, 1860, Ibis, p. 55 — Amoy, China.
Northeastern and eastern Siberia, usually from about long. 95°
E. but occasionally farther west to the region of Turukhansk on
the lower Yenisei, eastward to the tip of the Chukotski Peninsula,
southward to about lat. 60° N. on the Lower Tunguska, Vitim on
the Lena (where it intergrades with baicalensis), Stanovoi Range,
northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, and Kamchatka south to
about 57° N. In winter to the Yangtze Valley southward in China,
Formosa, Hainan, Philippines, Indo China, northern and central
Thailand, and India in Assam and eastern Bengal.
Motacilla alba lugens Gloger
M[otacilla] lugens Gloger, 1829, Isis von Oken, 22, col. 771 —
Kamchatka.
Southern Kamchatka, south of the range of ocularis: Commander
Islands, where possibly breeds irregularly; Kuriles, Japan in Hok-
kaido and northern Hondo; coasts of the Sea of Okhotsk from
Ayan southward to Udskoe Gulf and the Shantar Islands; lower
Amur to about lat. 50° N., Sakhalin; coastal Ussuriland and Askold
Islands. Migrates through Manchuria, Korea and northeastern China
to Japan southward through the Riu Kius and Formosa, and south-
eastern China from the lower Yangtze, also Quelpart, Tsushima,
Oki, Sado, Seven Islands of Izu and Bonins.
Motacilla alba leucopsis Gould
Motacilla leucopsis Gould, 1838, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1837),
p- 78 — India.
Eastern Asia from about lat. 50° N. on the Amur in the vicinity
of Blagoveshchensk, southward through Manchuria, east of the
Great Kinghan Range, Korea, eastward to the southern Gobi and
eastern Mongolian Altai and southward through northern China in
Kansu, Tsinghai, northern Sikang, Tsinling Range in southern
140 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Shensi and the lower Yangtze valley to Kwangsi, Kwangtung and
mountains of Formosa. In winter from the Red Basin of Szechwan
and the Yangtze Valley southward; Formosa; Hainan; Indo China
and Thailand eastward to southeastern Tibet and the foothills of
the Himalayas to Nepal.
Motacilla alba alboides Hodgson
[Motacilla] Alboides Hodgson, 1836, Asiat. Res., 19, p. 191 —
no locality = Nepal.
Motacilla alba albula Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Reg. Expl., no.
1, p. 20 — Bara Pani, Khasia Hills.
China in Szechwan, Sikang, perhaps Kweichow and Yunnan,
southward to extreme northern Tonkin and probably northern
Burma, westward through southern Tibet and the Himalayas to La-
dak, Kashmir and Gilgit. As a rule in winter moving to the foothills
of the Himalayas and neighboring plains; hills of Assam south of
the Brahmaputra; central and southern Burma to Tenasserim, nor-
thern Thailand and Indo China.
MOTACILLA GRANDIS
Motacilla grandis Sharpe
Motacilla grandis Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 492
— Japan.
Japanese Islands. Moves in small numbers to Riu Kius and
coasts of China occasionally but usually resident in winter.
MOTACILLA MADARASPATENSIS
Motacilla madaraspatensis Gmelin
M ae madaraspatensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 961 —
ndia.
Motacilla madaraspatensis kangrae Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 75 — Bhadwar, Kangra Dist., Punjab.
India from North West Frontier Province eastward to western
Bengal, and southward from about 5,000 feet in the Himalayas to
Cape Comorin.
MOTACILLA AGUIMP
Motacilla aguimp vidua Sundevall
Motacilla vidua Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Foérh., 7, p. 128
— Aswan, Egypt.
Liberia to the Nile valley (north to Aswan), and Kenya; south to
the Cape Province (except where the following subspecies occurs) ;
Sao Thome.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 141
Motacilla aguimp aguimp Dumont
Motacilla aguimp Dumont, 1821, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd. Levrault,
21, p. 266 — Lower Orange River (ev Levaillant).
South Africa on the Orange River system from its mouth to the
Vaal and Olifants rivers.
MOTACILLA CLARA
Motacilla clara chapini Amadon
Motacilla clara chapini Amadon, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1656, p. 4 — Nkongasamba district, Cameroons.
Sierra Leone to Gaboon and the upper Congo to west Uganda.
Motacilla clara clara Sharpe
Motacilla clara Sharpe, 1908, Ibis, p. 341; nom. nov. for M. longi-
cauda Riippell, 1840, nec Gmel. — Simen, Ethiopia.
Ethiopia.
Motacilla clara torrentium Ticehurst
Motacilla clara torrentium Ticehurst, 1940, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
60, p. 81 — Ngone Forest, Eshowe, Zululand.
Kenya and Uganda south to eastern Cape Province, and west
to Katanga, Northern Rhodesia and Angola.
MOTACILLA CAPENSIS
Motacilla capensis simplicissima Neumann
Motacilla capensis simplicissima Neumann, 1929, Orn. Monatsb.,
37, p. 176 — Chipepe, near Bailundu, Angola.
Angola and the Katanga to Chobe River in south, and east over
Northern Rhodesia to Luangwa valley and Mweru marsh.
Motacilla capensis capensis Linnaeus
Motacilla capensis Linnaeus 1766, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 333
— Cape of Good Hope.
Psomophilus capensis bradfieldi Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 29— Swakopmund, South West Africa.
Psomophilus capensis beirensis Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 29 — Zimbiti, near Beira, Portuguese East Africa.
Cape Province north to South West Africa, Ngamiland and the
lower Zambezi River.
Motacilla capensis wellsi Ogilvie-Grant
Motacilla wellsi Ogilvie-Grant, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29, p.
30 — Kigezi, Uganda.
Eastern highlands of the Belgian Congo to Uganda and highlands
of Kenya.
142 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
MOTACILLA FLAVIVENTRIS
Motacilla flaviventris Hartlaub
Motacilla flaviventris Hartlaub, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 94 —
Bombetoke Bay, Madagascar.
Motacilla flaviventris icterica Stresemann, 1926, Orn. Monatsb.,
34, p. 147 — south-central Madagascar.
Madagascar.
Genus TMETOTHYLACUS Casanis
Tmetothylacus Cabanis, 1879, Orn. Centralb., p. 138. Type, by
monotypy, Macronix tenellus Cabanis.
TMETOTHYLACUS TENELLUS
Tmetothylacus tenellus (Cabanis)
Macronix tenellus Cabanis, 1878, Journ. f. Orn., 26, p. 205 —
Taita, Kenya.
British Somaliland and the Ogaden through dry parts of Kenya
to northeast Tanganyika south to Kondoa Irangi.
Genus MACRONYX Swatnson
Macronyx Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 344. Type, by
original designation, ‘“‘L’Alouette sentinelle’ of Levaillant =
Alauda capensis Linnaeus.
MACRONYX CAPENSIS
Macronyx capensis capensis (Linnaeus)
Alauda capensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 288
—Cape of Good Hope.
Western Cape Province from Capetown to Kingwilliamstown.
Macronyx capensis colletti Schou
Macronyx capensis collettt Schou, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 119
— Zululand.
Interior of Cape Province at Kuruman to Transvaal, Pondoland,
Natal and Zululand.
Macronyx capensis stabilior Clancey
Macronyx capensis stabilior Clancey, 1952, Durban Mus. Novit.,
4, pt. 3, p.51 — Thornpark, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia.
Southern Rhodesia.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 143
MACRONYX CROCEUS
Macronyx croceus (Vieillot)
Alauda crocea Vieillot, 1816, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 1, p. 365
— Java (error) = Senegal (apud Swainson).
Macronyx croceus vulturnus Friedmann, 1930, Occ. Pap. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 263 — Natal.
Senegal to the Sudan, Uganda and Kenya; south to north Angola,
in the west; in the east through East Africa and Ruanda to Nyasa-
land, Northern Rhodesia east of the Luangwa River, eastern South-
ern Rhodesia, East Transvaal, Natal and Pondoland.
MACRONYX FULLEBORNII
Macronyx fillebornii fiillebornii Reichenow
Macronyz fiillebornii Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 39
— Unika highlands, south Tanganyika.
The interior of Tanganyika from Mbulu to Njombe and the country
north of Lake Nyasa.
Macronyx fiillebornii ascensi Salvadori
Macronyx ascensi Salvadori, 1907, Bull. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp.
Torino, 22, no. 570, p. 6 — Lake Moero.
Central and south Angola, Belgian Congo from the Kasai south-
wards, Northern Rhodesia east to the Luangwa valley, and south-
western Tanganyika at Ufipa.
MACRONYX SHARPEI
Macronyx sharpei Jackson
Macronyx sharpei Jackson, 1904, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 74
— Mau plateau.
The highlands of either side of the Kenya Rift Valley.
MACRONYX FLAVICOLLIS
Macronyx flavicollis Riippell
Macronyx flavicollis Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelth., Vog., p. 102
— Simen, near Entschetquab.
The highlands of Ethiopia.
MACRONYX AURANTIIGULA
Macronyx aurantiigula Reichenow
Macronyx aurantiigula Reichenow, 1891, Journ. f. Orn., 39, p.
222 — Pangani River.
Macronyx aurantugula subocularis Friedmann, 1930, Occ. Pap.
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 266 — Tharaka dist., Kenya.
144 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
South and southeastern Kenya to the Athi plains and dry country
east of Kilimanjaro, and north to southern Italian Somaliland.
MACRONYX AMELIAE
Macronyx ameliae de Tarragon
Macronyx ameliae de Tarragon, 1845, Rev. Zool., p. 452 — Dur-
ban.
Macronyx wintont Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 444 — Kavirondo.
Natal and Zululand; Ngamiland and Southern Rhodesia to east-
ern Angola, the Katanga, Nyasaland, Tanganyika and west Kenya.
MACRONYX GRIMWOODI
Macronyx grimwoodi Benson
Macronyx grimwoodi Benson, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 75, p. 102
— Chitunta plain, Mwinilunga, Northern Rhodesia.
Only known from the type locality.
GENUS ANTHUS BeEcuHSTEIN
Anthus Bechstein, 1805, Gemein. Nat. Deutschl., 2, p. 247, 302,
465. Type, by subsequent designation, Alauda pratensis Lin-
naeus (Selby, 1825, Illust. Brit. Orn., p. xxix).
Oreocorys Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 622. Type,
by monotypy, Heterura sylvana Blyth.
Austranthus Mathews, 1915, Austral Av. Rec., 2, no. 7, p. 123.
Type, by original designation, Anthus australis Vieillot.
Caffranthus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 256. Type,
by original designation, Anthus caffer Sundevall.
Afranthus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 256. Type,
by original designation, Anthus brachyurus Sundevall.
Anomalanthus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 256.
Type, by original designation, Anthus nicholsoni Sharpe.
Meganthus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 257. Type,
by original designation, Anthus vaalensis Shelley.
Petranthus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 258. Type,
by original designation, Anthus crenatus Finsch and Hartlaub.
Hemimacronyx Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 258.
Type, by original designation, Anthus chloris Lichtenstein.
cf. Stresemann, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 315-316 (Malayan forms
of novaeseelandiae).
Bond and de Schauensee, 1942, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 94, p. 366-367 (Bolivian forms).
Ripley, 1948, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 47, pp. 622-626
(Anthus hodgsoni).
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 145
Zimmer, 1953, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1649, p. 17-27 (South
American forms).
Vaurie, 1954, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1672, p. 9-13 (Palaearctic
forms).
Clancey, 1956, Durban Mus. Novit., 4, pt. xvii, p. 284-288.
White, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 77, p. 30-34 (African species).
ANTHUS NOVAESEELANDIAE!
Richard’s and New Zealand Pipits
Anthus novaeseelandiae camaroonensis Shelley
Anthus rufulus camaroonensis Shelley, 1900, Birds Africa, 2, p.
321 — Cameroon Mt.
Anthus camerunensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1909, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
25, p. 12 — Cameroon Mt.
Cameroon Mountain.
Anthus novaeseelandiae lynesi Bannerman and Bates
Anthus rufulus lynesi Bannerman and Bates, 1926, Ibis, p. 802
= east of Bamenda, 5,000 feet, Cameroons.
The Banso highlands of British Cameroons; also recorded from
Fort Lamy in French Equatorial Africa and Darfur in the Sudan,
where it has been thought to be a migrant.
Anthus novaeseelandiae cinnamomeus Riippell
Anthus cinnamomeus Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelth. Vég., p. 103
= Simen [Ethiopia].
Anthus latistriatus Jackson, 1899, Ibis, p. 628 — Kavirondo (a
melanic aberration).
Anthus richardi lacuum Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
41, p. 22 — Lake Naivasha, Kenya.
Anthus richardi annae Meinertzhagen, 1921, Ibis, p. 656 — Lake
Magago, British Somaliland.
Anthus richardi lichenya Vincent, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 53,
p. 181 — Mlanje Mt., Nyasaland.
Anthus richardi katangae Chapin, 1937, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 29,
p. 339 — Lake Musole, Belgian Congo.
Anthus richardi spurium Clancey, 1951, Ann. Natal Mus., p. 144
— Zimbiti, near Beira, Portuguese East Africa.
Ethiopia and Somalia over East Africa to the Zambezi valley;
westward locally, over Belgian Congo to the lower Congo and
Katanga, Nyasaland and most of Northern Rhodesia. Intergrades
with adjacent subspecies over wide areas in Barotseland and South-
1 Includes richardi Vieillot and of authors.
146 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
ern Rhodesia and with A. n. lwenarum at Kasaji in the south west
Belgian Congo. Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia islands. Southwestern
Arabia.
Anthus novaeseelandiae lwenarum White
Anthus richardi lwenarum White, 1946, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 67,
p- 9 — Balovale, Northern Rhodesia.
Northwestern Northern Rhodesia from Mwinilunga to Balovale.
Anthus novaeseelandiae bocagei Nicholson
Anthus bocagit [sic] Nicholson, 1884, Ibis, p. 469, nom. nov. for
Anthus pallescens Bocage, 1876, Jorn. Lisbéa, p. 52 — Humbe,
Angola.
Anthus hoeschi Stresemann, 1938, Orn. Monatsb., 46, p. 151 —
Erongo Mt., South West Africa.
Anthus richardi grotei Niethammer, 1957, Journ. f. Orn., 98, p.
449 — Onguma.
Western littoral of Angola, South West Africa and north Bechu-
analand; intergrades with A. n.cinnamomeus in Barotseland.
Anthus novaeseelandiae rufuloides Roberts
Anthus richardi rufuloides Roberts, 1936, Ostrich, p. 111 —
Grahamstown, Cape Province. To replace Anthus raaltenii auct.
not Layard, 1867, which is indeterminate.
Anthus richardi transkeiensis Vincent, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Ct.,
69, p. 17 — Qumbu, Cape Province.
Union of South Africa to Southern Bechuanaland and northwards
to the Zambezi valley from the Victoria Falls down stream. Birds
from the northern Transvaal northwards are so unstable that they
may be referred either to this form or to A. n. cinnamomeus.
Anthus novaeseelandiae editus Vincent
Anthus richardi editus Vincent, 1951, Ann. Natal Mus., 12, p. 135
—Sanqubetu River, Basutoland.
High altitudes in Basutoland.
Anthus novaeseelandiae richardi Vieillot
Anthus Richardi Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
26, p. 491 — France.
Western Siberia from the Irtysh eastward to the Yenisei and
from about lat. 57° N. in the western part, and lat. 59° in the east-
ern, southward to the Altai and Tarbagatai. A taxonomically in-
distinguishable population occurs in the neighborhood of Koko Nor
in northwestern China. Migrates to India, Thailand and northern
Indochina. Strays to western Europe, northern Africa and western
Borneo.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 147
Anthus novaeseelandiae dauricus Johansen
Anthus richardi dauricus Johansen, 1952, Journ. f. Orn., 92,
(1944) p. 145 — Ukubun, Selenginsk district, western Transbai-
ealia.
Yakutia, from about lat. 63° 30’ N. southward to western Trans-
baicalia and northern Mongolia.
Anthus novaeseelandiae centralasiae (Kistiakovsky)
Agrodoma richardi centralasiae Kistiakovsky, 1928, Mém. Acad.
Sci. Ukraine, cl. sci. phys., 6, no. 3, p. 553 — Blagodatny,
western Nan Shan.
Central Asia from the Tian Shan to western Nan Shan.
Anthus novaeseelandiae sinensis (Bonaparte)
Corydalla sinensis Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 247 — south-
ern China. Restricted to Foochow by Vaurie.
Anthus richardi striolatus Gyldenstolpe, 1913, K. Svensk. Vet.-
Akad. Handl., p. 42 — Den Chai, N. Siam.
Anthus richardi ussuriensis Johansen, 1952, Journ. f. Orn., 92,
(1944) p. 146 — Possiet Bay, southern Ussuriland.
Extreme eastern Siberia, in Ussuriland and the lower Amur, south-
ward to eastern China in Hopei, Shantung, Kiangsu, Chekiang,
Fukien, Kiangsi and Kwangsi, and central China (Szechwan). Migra-
tes to Malaya, Sumatra, Thailand (except extreme south and south-
west), Hainan, northern and central Indochina.
Anthus novaeseelandiae rufulus Vieillot
Anthus rufulus Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed.,
26, p. 494 — Bengal.
India, from 6,000 foot level in the Himalayas southward through
Ceylon, and eastward through Burma, south to Tenasserim; Thai-
land, to the Isthmus of Kra; northern Laos; Tonkin and northern
Annam.
Anthus novaeseelandiae waitei Whistler
Anthus rufulus waitei Whistler, 1936, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc., 38, p. 766 — Jhelum, Punjab.
Northwestern Frontier Province, Punjab and United Provinces
(Uttar Pradesh) southward in Sind and Rajputana to the Nerbudda
River.
Anthus novaeseelandiae malayensis Eyton
Anthus malayensis Eyton, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 104
— Malacca.
148 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
From southern Tenasserim (Mergui Dist.) southward through
Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Rhio Archipelago, and in southern Laos,
Cambodia and Cochin China; Borneo.!
Anthus novaeseelandiae albidus Stresemann
Anthus richardi albidus Stresemann, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p.
316 — South Flores.
Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba.
Anthus novaeseelandiae medius Wallace
Anthus medius Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 488
— Timor (restricted type locality) and Lombok.
Savu, Timor, Kisar, Letti, Moa and Sermatta.
Anthus novaeseelandiae exiguus Greenway
Anthus australis exiguus Greenway, 1935, Proc. New England Zool.
CL., 14, p.53 — Wau, Morobe district, northeastern New Guinea.
Grasslands of central New Guinea from the Mt. Hagen area to
the upper Watut River.
Anthus novaeseelandiae rogersi Mathews
Anthus australis rogersi Mathews, 1913, Austral Av. Rec., 1, p.
193 — Melville Island.
Northern Australia from Northern Territory to Normanton, Gulf
of Carpenteria.
Anthus novaeseelandiae subaustralis Mathews
Anthus australis subaustralis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 425 — Lake Way, West Australia.
Anthus australis subrufus Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 425
— Onslow, West Australia.
Anthus australis tribulationis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 425 — Point Torment, King Sound, North-West Australia.
Anthus australis montebelli Montague, 1913, Austral Av. Rec., 1,
p. 181— Hermite Island, Monte Bello Archipelago, West
Australia.
Anthus australis hartogi Mathews, 1917, Ibis, p. 610 — Dirk Har-
tog Island, Sharks Bay, West Australia.
From the interior of Queensland and South Australia to western
Australia, from Geraldton to the Victoria River (Northern Territory).
Intergrading with rogersi in the interior of Northern Territory.
Anthus novaeseelandiae bilbali Mathews
Anthus australis bilbali Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 424
— Wilson’s Inlet, South-West Australia.
South-West Australia.
1 A.n. lugubris (Walden) should be added here; see addendum, p. 458.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 149
Anthus novaeseelandiae australis Vieillot
Anthus australis Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed.,
26, p. 501 — Sydney, New South Wales.
Anthus australis adelaidensis Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p.
424 — Adelaide, South Australia.
Anthus australis queenslandica Mathews, 1912, Austral Av. Rec.,
p- 120 — Gracemere, Queensland.
Eastern Australia from South Australia and Victoria to central
Queensland.
Anthus novaeseelandiae bistriatus (Swainson)
Agrodroma bistriata Swainson, 1837, Anim. in Menag., p. 316 —
Tasmania.
Austranthus australis flinderst Mathews, 1923, Austral Av. Rec.,
5, p. 40 — Flinders Island, Bass Strait.
Tasmania and islands in Bass Strait.
Anthus novaeseelandiae reischeki Lorenz-Liburnau
Anthus novaezealandiae reischeki Lorenz-Liburnau, 1902, Ann.
K.-K. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, 17, p. 308 — Manturu and
Waikato, North Island, New Zealand.
Anthus novaeseelandiae tawpoensis Mathews, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 50, p. 42 — Lake Taupo, North Island.
New Zealand (North Island). Casual on Kermadecs.
Anthus novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae (Gmelin)
Alauda novae Seelandiae Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 799
— Queen Charlotte’s Sound, South Island, New Zealand.
New Zealand (South Island).
Anthus novaeseelandiae chathamensis Lorenz-Liburnau
Anthus novaezealandiae chathamensis Lorenz-Liburnau, 1902, Ann.
K.-K. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, 17, p. 309 — Chatham Islands.
Chatham Islands.
Anthus novaeseelandiae aucklandicus Gray
Anthus aucklandicus G. R. Gray, 1862, Ibis, 4, p. 224 — Auck-
land Islands.
Auckland Islands.
Anthus novaeseelandiae steindachneri Reischek
Anthus steindachneri Reischek, 1889, Trans. New Zeal. Inst.,
21, p. 388 — Antipodes Islands.
Antipodes Islands.
11
150 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
ANTHUS LEUCOPHRYS
Anthus leucophrys ansorgei White
Anthus leucophrys ansorgei White, 1948, Ibis, p. 549 — Bissao,
Portuguese Guinea.
Senegal and Portuguese Guinea through dry interior to northern
Gold Coast (Ghana) and northwest Northern Nigeria.
Anthus leucophrys gouldii Fraser!
Anthus gouldit Fraser, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 27 —
Cape Palmas, Liberia.
Sierra Leone to Ivory Coast.
Anthus leucophrys zenkeri Neumann
Anthus leucophrys zenkeri Neumann, 1906, Journ. f. Orn., p. 235
— Jaunde, Cameroons.
Anthus gouldi turneri Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
41, p. 24 — Kituni, N. W. Kenya.
Nigeria and the Cameroons to the Nile valley, northern and north-
eastern savannas of Belgian Congo, north Uganda and northwestern
Kenya; to Kericho and Nakuru where it overlaps A. vaalensis
goodsoni: intergrades in the last two areas with races to the north
and southwest.
Anthus leucophrys omoensis Neumann
Anthus leucophrys omoensis Neumann, 1906, Journ. f. Orn., p.
235 — Ergino valley, between Gofa and Doko, Ethiopia.
Ethiopia (except the east) to Uganda and west Kenya where
there is much instability of populations where this race meets
A. 1. zenkeri.
Anthus leucophrys bohndorffi Neumann
Anthus leucophrys bohndorffi Neumann, 1906, Journ. f. Orn., p.
236 — Kasongo, Belgian Congo.
Anthus gouldi prunus Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
41, p. 24— Catatu River, Benguella.
Interior of Angola to the Kasai, Katanga (Belgian Congo), North-
ern Rhodesia (except apparently the south), and Nyasaland.
Anthus leucophrys leucophrys Vieillot
Anthus leucophrys Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
ed., 26, p. 502 — Cape of Good Hope.
Anthus leucophrys enunciator Clancey, 1952, Ann. Natal Mus., p.
261 — Lebombo, Zululand.
1 A population on the lower Congo close to the mouth of the river appears
very close to A. /. gouldii but better material is required to settle its status.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 151
Cape Province to Transvaal, Zululand, Bechuanaland, and south-
ern Angola.
ANTHUS VAALENSIS
Anthus vaalensis saphiroi Neumann
Anthus leucophrys saphiroi Neumann, 1906, Journ. f. Orn., 54,
p- 235 — Balassira, near Harar.
Eastern Ethiopia and Somalia.
Anthus vaalensis goodsoni Meinertzhagen
Anthus leucophrys goodsoni Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 23 — Nakuru, Kenya.
Highlands of Kenya east of the Rift Valley to the Mara river
and Nakuru where it overlaps A. leucophrys zenkeri.
Anthus vaalensis vaalensis Shelley
Anthus vaalensis Shelley, 1900, Birds Afr., 2, p. 311 — Newcastle,
Natal.
Anthus daviesi Roberts, 1914, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 55, p. 172
— Matatiele.
Cape Province and South West Africa; Southern Rhodesia.
Anthus vaalensis neumanni Meinertzhagen.
Anthus leucophrys neumanni Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 23, nom. nov. for A. leucophrys angolensis Neumann,
1906, Journ. f. Orn., p. 236 — Ambaca, Angola (preoccupied).
™Meganthus vaalensis chobiensis Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 29 — Kabulabula.
Anthus leucophrys marungensis Chapin, 1937, Rev. Zool. Bot.
Afr., 29, p. 342 — Kasiki, Marungu, Belgian Congo.
Anthus vaalensis muhingae White, 1944, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 65,
p- 6 — Muhinga plain, Nasondoye, Katanga.
Angola and southern Belgian Congo, northern parts of Northern
Rhodesia, Barotseland and the headwaters of the Zambesi.
ANTHUS PALLIDIVENTRIS
Anthus pallidiventris pallidiventris Sharpe
Anthus pallidiventris Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. 560
— Gaboon.
Northwest Angola to Gaboon and the lower Congo.
Anthus pallidiventris esobe Chapin
Anthus pallidiventris esobe Chapin, 1937, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 29,
p. 343 — Eala near Coquilhatville and Lukolela = Lukolela.
The middle Congo from Bolobo to Coquilhatville.
11*
152 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
ANTHUS MELINDAE
Anthus melindae Shelley
Anthus melindae Shelley, 1900, Birds Afr., 2, p. 305 — Melinda,
Kenya.
The coastal region of Kenya, to Jubaland and Southern Italian
Somaliland.
ANTHUS CAMPESTRIS
Tawny Pipit
Anthus campestris campestris (Linnaeus)
Alauda campestris Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 166
— Europa = Sweden.
Anthus campestris (campestris) kastschenkoi Johansen, 1952, Journ.
f. Orn., 92, 1944, p. 147 — Novosibirsk, western Siberia.
Europe from about 58° N. south to northwest Africa (Morocco
to Tunisia) and most Mediterranean islands; in Asia south to the
Caucasus, Asia Minor, Palestine, northwestern and northern Iran,
Kirghiz Steppes, Tarbagatai, Altai, and sporadically at Krasnoyarsk
on the Yenisei. Breeds occasionally in the British Isles. Migrates to
Africa, north of the equator, to Arabia and southern Afghanistan.
Anthus campestris griseus Nicoll
Anthus campestris griseus Nicoll, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 41,
p. 25 — Tishkan, Russian Turkestan.
East central Asia from the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea in
Transcaspia (Ust Urt Plateau) and, perhaps, the southwestern Kara
Tau region (Syr Daria), east of the Aral Sea eastward in Ferghana,
Tadzikistan; western Tien Shan and Alma Ata, and southward to
the Khorasan region of eastern Iran and northern Afghanistan.
Migrates to Seistan, southern Afghanistan, western India to Ban-
galore.
ANTHUS GODLEWSKILE
Anthus godlewskii (Taczanowski)
Agrodoma godlewskit Taczanowski, 1876, Bull. Soc. Zool. France,
1, p. 158 — steppes of the Argun River valley, southern Dauria
[= Transbaicalia].
Anthus striolatus of authors, not Blyth.
Anthus thermophilus of authors, not Jerdon.
Southern Transbaicalia southward in Mongolia from Khangai
eastward to the Great Khingan in eastern Manchuria, southward in
Chahar and Ala Shan to Tibet and possibly Sikkim. Migrates to
India and Ceylon.
1 Some authors consider that godlewskii is conspecific with campestris.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 153
ANTHUS BERTHELOTII
Anthus berthelotii berthelotii Bolle
Anthus Berthelotii Bolle, 1862, Journ. f. Orn., 10, p. 357 — Cana-
ries.
Canary Islands.
Anthus berthelotii madeirensis Hartert
Anthus berthelotti madeirensis Hartert, 1905, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
Heft 3, p. 271 — Poizo, 4,000 ft., Madeira and Porto Santo.
Madeira.
ANTHUS SIMILIS!
Anthus similis nicholsoni Sharpe
Anthus nicholsoni Sharpe, 1884, in Layard’s Birds S. Africa,
p. 536 — Sigonell, Vaal River.
Anthus similis petricolus Clancey, 1956, Durban Mus. Novit., 4,
pt. 7, p. 280 — Mamathes, Basutoland.
Union of South Africa and Southern Rhodesia.
Anthus similis leucocraspedon Reichenow
Anthus leucocraspedon Reichenow, 1915, Orn. Monatsb., 23,
p. 155 — Windhuk.
Anthus similis palliditinctus Clancey, 1956, Durban Mus. Novit.,
4, pt. 7, p. 287 — Zesfontein, Kaokoveld, South West Africa.
Little Namaqualand and South West Africa.
Anthus similis bannermani Bates
Anthus bannermani Bates, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51, p. 48 —
Birwa Peak, Sierra Leone.
Anthus similis chapini Grote, 1937, Orn. Monatsb., 45, p. 205 —
Fangu, Bamenda, Cameroons.
Mountains of Sierra Leone, French Guinea and central British
Cameroons.
Anthus similis josensis Grant and Mackworth-Praed
Anthus similis josensis Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1958, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 78, p. 18 — Jos, central Nigeria.
Know only from the type locality in central Nigeria.
Anthus similis asbenaicus Rothschild
Anthus sordidus asbenaicus Rothschild, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
41, p. 33 — Mt. Baguézane, Asben (Air).
Only known from the type locality in the southern Sahara.
1 Replaces Anthus sordidus Riippell, 1840, and authors, not A. sordidus
Lesson, 1830 = Centrites niger (Boddaert).
154 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Anthus similis jebelmarrae Lynes
Anthus sordidus jebelmarrae Lynes, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41,
p. 16 — Jebel Marra, Darfur.
Mountains of Darfur, Sudan.
Anthus similis hararensis Neumann
Anthus nicholsoni hararensis Neumann, 1906, Journ. f. Orn.,
p. 233 — Abu Bekr near Harar.
Anthus sordidus Riippell, 1840, Neue Wirbelth. Vog., p. 103 —
Simen (preoccupied).
Anthus nicholsoni longirostris Neumann, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 8,
p. 77 — Gardulla, Lake Abaya (preoccupied).
Anthus similis chyuluensis van Someren, 1939, Journ. E. Afr. and
Ug. Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 57 — Chyulu Hills, Kenya.
Anthus similis neumannianus Hartert and Collin, 1927, Novit.
Zool., 34, p. 50. Nom. nov. for A. s. longirostris Neumann.
Eritrea and Ethiopia to highlands of Kenya and northern Tan-
ganyika.
Anthus similis nivescens Reichenow
Anthus nivescens Reichenow, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 179 —
Kismayu.
Hills of Red Sea coast southward from the Red Sea Province of
the Sudan; British and Italian Somaliland.
Anthus similis sokotrae Hartert
Anthus sordidus sokotrae Hartert, 1917, Novit. Zool., 24, p. 457
— Alilo Pass, Socotra.
Socotra.
Anthus similis dewittei Chapin
Anthus similis dewittei Chapin, 1937, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 24,
p. 344 — Kasiki, 2,200 meters, Marungu district.
Only known from the Marungu highlands, Belgian Congo.
Anthus similis hallae White
Anthus similis hallae White, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 77, p. 30
— Lake Karange, Ankole, Uganda.
Highlands of Belgian Congo from Lakes Edward and Albert to
Kivu and adjacent area of Uganda to Entebbe.
Anthus similis nyassae Neumann
Anthus nicholsoni nyassae Neumann, 1906, Journ. f. Orn., p. 233
— between Sangesi and Songea, southern Tanganyika.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 155
Anthus similis schoutedeni Chapin, 1937, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 24,
p. 345 — Kwamouth, Belgian Congo.
French Congo to Angola, the Kasai, Northern Rhodesia, Nyasa-
land and Tanganyika north to Hanang in thorn scrub or savanna.
Anthus similis captus Hartert
Anthus leucophrys captus Hartert, 1905, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, Heft
3, p. 269 —Wadi Zerka, Jordan Valley.
Hills of Lebanon, Syria, Palestine southward to the vicinity of
Jerusalem, and, in winter, the Jordan Valley.
Anthus similis arabicus Hartert
Anthus sordidus arabicus Hartert, 1917, Novit. Zool., 24, p. 457
— Menakha, Yemen.
Southern Arabia in the Yemen from Asir Tihama south to the
ee of the Aden Protectorate. Recorded from the vicinity of
uscat.
Anthus similis decaptus Meinertzhagen
Anthus sordidus decaptus Meinertzhagen, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 23 — Rud-i-Taman, Persian Baluchistan.
From Zagros, Persian Baluchistan and Baluchistan eastward to
the Safed Koh in Afghanistan. Migrates to Sind and northwestern
and central India.
Anthus similis jerdoni Finsch
Anthus jerdoni Finsch, 1870, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 7, p. 241
— Kotgarh, northern Punjab.
From eastern Afghanistan (Jalalabad) eastward in the Himalayas
through Sikkim. Migrates to the northern plains of India and to
central Burma.
Anthus similis yamethini Hall
Anthus similis yamethini Hall, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 77, p.102
— Aingo, Yamethin District, Central Burma.
Central Burma in hills and foothills of Yamethin, Meiktilo, Myin-
gan, Pakokku and Mandalay districts.
Anthus similis similis Jerdon
Anthus similis Jerdon, 1840, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 11, p. 35 —
Jalna, Nilgiri Hills.
Southern India in Nilgiri and Palni Hills.
156 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Anthus similis travancoriensis Ripley
Anthus similis travancoriensis Ripley, 1953, Postilla, Yale Univ.,
no. 17, p. 2— Muthukuzhi, 4,500 ft., Ashambu Hills, Travan-
core-Cochin State, southern India.
Known only from the type locality in extreme southern India.
ANTHUS BRACHYURUS
Anthus brachyurus brachyurus Sundevall
Anthus brachyurus Sundevall, 1851, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Férh., 7,
(1850), p. 100 — near Durban.
Natal and Zululand.
Anthus brachyurus leggei Ogilvie-Grant
Anthus leggei Ogilvie-Grant, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. 26
— Mokia, Ruwenzori.
Gaboon and middle Congo to Angola, east to Uganda, Njombe
in Tanganyika and northeastern Northern Rhodesia.
ANTHUS CAFFER
Anthus caffer australoabyssinicus Benson
Anthus caffer australoabyssinicus Benson, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 63, p. 12 — Yavello, 4,500 feet, southern Abyssinia.
The Yavello and Mega areas of southern Ethiopia.
Anthus caffer blayneyi van Someren
Anthus blayneyi van Someren, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, p. 56
— Olgerei, Kenya.
Dry areas of south Kenya to Tanganyika at Ikoma.
Anthus caffer mzimbaensis Benson
Anthus caffer mzimbaensis Benson, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 75,
p. 102 — Mzimba, Nyasaland.
Only known from the type locality.
Anthus caffer caffer Sundevall
Anthus caffer Sundevall, 1851, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Férh., 7, (1850),
p. 100 — Limpopo River; type from Mohapoani Berg.
Bushveld of Bechuanaland to Transvaal, Southern Rhodesia,
Natal, Swaziland and Portuguese East Africa; highlands of Angola;
Northern Province of Northern Rhodesia where very sparse.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 157
ANTHUS TRIVIALIS
Tree Pipit
Anthus trivialis trivialis (Linnaeus)
Alauda trivialis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 166 —
Sweden.
2Anthus trivialis sibirica Sushkin, 1925, List Distrib. Birds Rus-
sian Altai, p. 69 — Taldura, southeastern Russian Altai.
Anthus trivialis salomonseni Clancey, 1950, Dansk Orn. For.
Tidsskr., 44, p. 43 — Carmunnock, Lanarkshire, Scotland.
Europe and Asia from the island of Britain (not Ireland) and the
Scandinavian Peninsula southward to the Cantabrian Mountains
in Spain, mountains of Italy and Greece and from lat. 70° N. in
Russia and 64° N. in Siberia southward to the Crimea, Asia Minor,
the Caucasus, northern Iran and lat. 50° N. in Siberia, and east-
ward to Lake Baikal, the region north of Yakutsk om the middle
Lena and Tarbagatai. Migrates to Mediterranean region, Africa
south to the Transvaal, southern Iran, Afghanistan and India south
to Travancore.
Anthus trivialis haringtoni Witherby
Anthus trivialis haringtoni Witherby, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
37, p.44—Gittidas, Kaghan Valley, Hazara, North West
Frontier Province.
2Anthus microrhynchus Severtzow, 1883, not Anthus arboreus
microrhynchos [sic] Brehm, 1856 = A. t. trivialis.
Anthus arboreus schliiteri Kleinschmidt, 1920, Falco, 16, p. 16 —
Turkestan.
Anthus hodgsoni burzil Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
52, p. 75 — Burzil Pass, Kashmir.
Russian Turkestan in eastern Alma Ata eastward in the western
Tien Shan, the Pamirs and western Himalayas to Garhwal. Migrates
to the northern plains of India.
ANTHUS NILGHIRIENSIS
Anthus nilghiriensis Sharpe
Anthus nilghiriensis Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10,
p. 550 — Nilghiri Hills, southern India. New name for Anthus
rufescens Jerdon, 1840, Madras Journ., 11, p. 34, not A. rufescens
Temm., 1820, Man. d’Orn., 1, p. 267.
Mountains of southwestern Madras Presidency above 5,000 ft.
ANTHUS HODGSONI
Anthus hodgsoni yunnanensis Uchida and Kuroda
Anthus maculatus yunnanensis Uchida and Kuroda, 1916, Annot.
Zool. Japon., 9, p. 134 — Mengtz, southern Yunnan.
158 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Anthus hodgsoni inopinatus Hartert and Steinbacher, 1933, Vog.
pal. Fauna, Ergiinz., p. 138 — Boatassin, Sakhalin Island.
Eurasia from northeastern Russia (Pechora region) eastward,
south of about 61° to 64° N., to Kamchatka and Kuriles, Trans-
baicalia, Mongolia, Amurland, and Sakhalin; the population of
Hokkaido is intermediate between this race and nominate hodgsoni.
Migrates to India; northern Burma; Thailand; northwestern Ma-
laya; Indo China; southeastern China, the Riu Kiu, Philippine
Islands; Borneo.
Anthus hodgsoni hodgsoni Richmond
Anthus hodgsoni Richmond, 1907, in Blackwelder, Publ. Carnegie
Inst. Washington, no. 54, 1, pt. 2, p. 493 — “Bengal” [heavily
streaked birds in winter, fide Jerdon]. New name for:
Anthus maculatus Jerdon, 1864 (part), not Anthus maculatus
Vieillot, 1818, nor Motacilla maculata Gmelin, 1788 = Anthus
campestris Linnaeus, 1766.
From Garhwal eastward through the Himalayas and _ north-
western China in western Kansu, southern Yunnan and Szechwan;
Korea; Japan in central Honshu. Migrates to India, northern Burma,
northern and eastern Thailand, Indochina, southern China, For-
mosa, the Riu Kiu and Philippine Islands.
?Anthus hodgsoni berezowskii Zarudny
Anthus maculatus berezowskii Zarudny, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17,
p- 41 — southwestern Kansu.
Range not well known but probably southeastern Tibet, Sikang
Province of China, southeastern Kansu, and perhaps eastward in
Kansu and southward in Yunnan. Migrates to Tonkin, northern
plains of India and perhaps elsewhere.
ANTHUS GUSTAVI
Anthus gustavi gustavi Swinhoe
Anthus gustavi Swinhoe, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 90 —
Amoy.
Tundra and forest regions of northeastern Russia southward to
about lat. 64° N. and from the Pechora region to the Kolyma,
Anadyrland and Chukotski Peninsula. Migrates through China and
Korea, Formosa, the Riu Kius, Philippines to Borneo, the Lesser
Sundas, Celebes and Moluccas.
1 Ripley’s 1948 revision is followed. His measurements of three forms
show much overlap and the validity of this one should be questioned.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 159
?Anthus gustavi commandorensis Johansen
Anthus gustavi commandorensis Johansen, 1952, Journ. f. Orn.,
92, (1944), p. 152 — Kommandorski Islands.
Commander Islands.
Anthus gustavi menzbieri Shulpin
Anthus gustavi menzbiert Shulpin, 1928, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Acad.
Sci. URSS, 28, (1927), p. 402 — mouth of the Lefu River, Lake
Khanka, Ussuriland.
Southern Ussuriland.
ANTHUS PRATENSIS
Meadow Pipit
Anthus pratensis theresae Meinertzhagen
Anthus pratensis theresae Meinertzhagen, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
73, p. 43 — Achill Island, western Ireland.
Western Ireland.
Anthus pratensis pratensis (Linnaeus)
Alauda pratensis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 166 —
in Europae pratis = Sweden.
Anthus pratensis whistleri Clancey, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 63,
p. 6 — Dornoch, Sutherland, Scotland.
Western Palearctic in southeastern Greenland, Iceland, Faroes,
British Isles, except western Ireland, and Europe from the Kola
Peninsula and northern Scandinavia eastward to lower Pechora and
Kolguev Island, and northern Ukraine; northwestern Siberia along
the lower Ob; southward to southern France, Italy Yugoslavia and
the Balkans. Migrates to north Africa, Crimea, Caucasus, Asia
Minor and Near East, Iraq and Ivan, Transcaspia and rarely
Turkestan.
ANTHUS CERVINUS
Red-throated Pipit
Anthus cervinus (Pallas)
Motacilla cervina Pallas, 1811, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1, p. 511 —
Kolyma (fide Stresemann, 1948).
¢*Anthus rufogularis Brehm, 1824, Lehrb. Naturg. Eur. Vog., 2,
p. 963 — Nubia and Germany = Dongola.
Northern Palearctic, south of lat. 68° N. in Scandinavia, 65° in
Russia and 64° in Siberia, eastward to the Chukotski Peninsula in
extreme northeastern Siberia. Migrates through Europe and the
British Isles to Nigeria, Sudan, Belgian Congo, and Tanganyika;
in the far east through Sakhalin, Korea, Quelpart Island, the Riu
160 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Kius, southeastern China and Formosa to the Philippines; Hainan;
Indo China; northern, central and Peninsular Thailand; northern
Borneo; Celebes; northern and northwestern India.
ANTHUS ROSEATUS
Anthus roseatus Blyth
Anthus roseatus Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 437
— Nepal.t
Asia, from eastern Afghanistan, and along the southern rim of
the Tarim Basin in Sinkiang southward throughout the Himalayas
and eastward through Yunnan and the northern Shan States,
southern and eastern Tibet (Sikang), Tsinghai, Kansu, northern
Szechwan and Tsinling Range in Shensi to the Wu Tai Shan in
northern Shansi. Migrates to the plains of northern India, northern
Burma, northern Tonkin and southern China.
ANTHUS SPINOLETTA?
Water Pipit, Rock Pipit, American Pipit
Anthus spinoletta rubescens (Tunstall)
Alauda Rubescens Tunstall, 1771, Orn. Brit., p. 2 — Pennsylvania.
Ex Pennant’s Brit. Zool., p. 239, based on “The Lark from
Pensilvania’”’ of Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., 2, p. 185, pl. 297.
Anthus japonicus hirmsi Zarudny, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17, p. 40
— Tashkent, Russian Turkestan.
Northeastern Siberia from the eastern Taimyr Peninsula and
Khatanga River eastward to Kamchatka and Commander Islands,
southern limits of the range unknown; northern North America
from northern Alaska southward to the Yukon, northwestern
British Columbia, northern Manitoba, and eastward to Baffin
Island, western Greenland and northern Quebec; mountain tops
of the Gaspé Peninsula; Newfoundland. Migrates to southern Utah
and Arkansas eastward to Pennsylvania and southward to coasts
of the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico and Guatemala.
Anthus spinoletta pacificus Todd
Anthus rubescens pacificus Todd, 1935, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 48, p. 63 — Red Pass, 6,000 ft., British Columbia.
Aleutian Islands, eastern central and southern Alaska south
through Oregon to the Cascade Mountains, eastward perhaps to
western Alberta and Montana. Migrates to the western slopes of the
Rocky Mountains south to Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico south
to Oaxaca and Vera Cruz.
1 The name pelopus Hodgson, 1844 (in Gray’s Zool. Misc., p. 83—Nepal),
has been revived. It is, however, a nomen nudum.
2 The subspecies kleinschmidti, petrosus, and littoralis are confined to
rocky coasts. They are the Rock Pipits.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 161
Anthus spinoletta alticola Todd
Anthus rubescens alticola Todd, 1935, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
48, p. 64 — Estes Park, Colorado.
Higher elevations in mountains of Utah, Colorado southward to
northern Arizona and northern New Mexico. Winter range not well
known but probably southern California, Arizona, New Mexico,
Texas and Mexico south to Oaxaca.
Anthus spinoletta japonicus Temminck and Schlegel
Anthus pratensis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1847, in Sie-
bold, Fauna Japonica, Aves, p. 59, pl. 24 — Japan.
Southern Kamchatka (possibly), Kuriles, Sakhalin, and lower
Amur, and perhaps (but range uncertain farther west) the middle
Lena from the Verkhoyansk Mountains and Yakutsk westward to
the headwaters of the Lower and Middle Tunguska and Angara
Rivers, south to northern Transbaicalia. Migrates through Man-
churia, Korea, the Japanese Islands and the Riu Kius to eastern
China; northern Burma, Tonkin and northern India.
Anthus spinoletta coutellii Audouin
Anthus Coutellii Audouin, 1828, in Savigny, Descr. Egypte, 23,
p. 360, pl. 5, fig. 5 — Egypt.
Anthus blakistoni Swinhoe, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 90
— 150 miles inland, banks of the Yangtze.
Anthus spinoletta caucasicus Laubmann, 1915, Orn. Jahrb., p. 28
— Tichinia, Kuban, northwestern Caucasus.
Asia from the Caucasus eastward in northern Iran, northern
Khorasan and perhaps northern Afghanistan; the Pamirs; western
Tien Shan; Russian Turkestan to the Tarbagatai, Altai, and the
Sayans, southwestern Transbaicalia and northern Mongolia, Nan
Shan and perhaps Tibet. In winter or on migration: western, cen-
tral, northern and eastern China in Kansu, Shensi, Szechwan, middle
and lower Yangtze, Shanghai, Shaweishan Island and Hopei; India
in Kashmir and northern plains and Assam; Afghanistan; Iran,
eastern Arabia, Near East and Egypt.
Anthus spinoletta spinoletta (Linnaeus)
Alauda Spinoletta Linnaeus, 1758, Syst.Nat.,ed. 10,1, p. 166—Italy.
Europe from Poland and Germany, central and southern France,
Pyrenees and mountains of Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Cor-
sica and perhaps, Sardinia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Ruma-
nia and perhaps Asia Minor.
Anthus spinoletta kleinschmidti Hartert
Anthus spinoletta Kleinschmidti Hartert, 1905, V6g. pal. Fauna,
1, Heft 3, p. 284 — Nols6, Faroe Islands.
Faroe Islands.
162 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Anthus spinoletta petrosus (Montagu)
Alauda petrosa Montagu, 1798, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 4, p. 41
— coast of Wales.
Anthus spinoletta meinertzhageni Bird, 1936, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
56, p. 55 — Lochboisdale, South Uist, Outer Hebrides.
Anthus spinoletta hesperianus Clancey, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
62, p. 58 — Blackwaterfoot, Arran Island.
Anthus spinoletia ponens Clancey, 1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 63,
p. 41 — Ushant, Finistére, France.
British Isles, including Outer Hebrides, Channel Islands, coasts
of France.
Anthus spinoletta littoralis Brehm
Anthus littoralis Brehm, 1823, Lehrb. Naturg. Eur. Vog., 1, p. 259
— Oehe Island, Schleimiinde, Baltic Sea.
Northwestern Europe from the Kola Peninsula and shores of the
White Sea, Lapland, northern Finland, the Aland Islands, coast of
Sweden and Danish Islands. In winter to the British Isles and
northern France. Accidental elsewhere in Europe.
ANTHUS SYLVANUS
Anthus sylvanus (Blyth)
Heterura sylvana Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 556
— Nepal.
Oreocorys sylvanus of authors, see Vaurie, 1954.
Oreocorys sylvanus oreinus! Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
no. 1, p. 21 — Kotla, Kangra District, Punjab.
Himalayas from eastern Afghanistan to Nepal, northwestern
Yunnan, western Szechwan. Recorded from Etawah, plains of
United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh), India.
ANTHUS SPRAGUEII
Sprague’s Pipit
Anthus spragueii (Audubon)
Alauda spragueit Audubon, 1844, Birds Amer., octavo ed., 7,
p- 334, pl. 486 — near Fort Union, North Dakota.
Northern-central North America from Alberta eastward to Saskat-
chewan and southern Manitoba, southward to western Montana,
North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota, Migrates to southern
Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, south to southern Mexico.
1 A cline runs from west to east and from the Punjab westward; the
western population (‘‘oreinus’’) is slightly paler and somewhat less heavily
streaked.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 163
ANTHUS FURCATUS
Anthus furcatus brevirostris Taczanowski
Anthus brevirostris Taczanowski, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 507 — Junin, Peru.
Peru in Huadnuco, Junin, Cuzco, Puno; Bolivia in Ururu, Coacha-
bamba, Santa Cruz, Potosi and Tarija.
Anthus furcatus furcatus Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny
Anthus furcatus Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny, 1837, Syn. Av., 1, in
Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 27 — Patagonia = Carmen, Rio Negro,
fide Hellmayr.
Paraguay; Brazil in western and southern Rio Grande do Sul;
Uruguay, and Argentina in Santa Fé, Cordoba, Mendoza, Buenos
Aires and the Rio Negro in northern Patagonia.
ANTHUS HELLMAYRI
Anthus hellmayri hellmayri Hartert
Anthus hellmayri Hartert, 1909, Novit. Zool., 16, p. 165 —Tucu-
man = Rio Sali, Tucuman.
Anthus bogotensis pallidus Carriker, 1933, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 85, p.34— Oconeque, Dept. Sandia, Puno,
8,000 ft., Peru.
Peru in Puno; Bolivia in Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, Chuquisaca,
and Tarija; northwestern Argentina in Tucuman.
Anthus hellmayri dabbenei Hellmayr
Anthus hellmayri dabbenei Hellmayr, 1921, Hornero, 2, no. 3, p.191
— Rio Traful, Neuquen, western Argentina.
Western Argentina in western Neuquen and western Chubut;
Chile near the Argentine border in Cautin. Migrates northward to
Santa Fé, Rioja and Tucuman.
Anthus hellmayri brasilianus Hellmayr
Anthus hellmayri brasilianus Hellmayr, 1921, Hornero, 2, p. 190
— Campos do Itatiaya, Rio de Janeiro.
Southeastern Brazil from Sao Paula and Rio de Janeiro, south-
ward to Uruguay and Argentina in Buenos Aires.
ANTHUS CHACOENSIS
Anthus chacoensis Zimmer
Anthus chii chacoensis Zimmer, 1952, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 65, p. 31 — Avia Terai, Chaco, Argentina.
Known only by non-breeding specimens from the type locality
and Colonia Nueva Italia in Paraguay.
164 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
ANTHUS LUTESCENS
Anthus lutescens parvus Lawrence
Anthus (Notiocorys) parvus Lawrence, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 17, p. 106 — savannah near Panama.
Savannas of the Pacific slopes of Panama from Chiriqui locally
eastward to the mouth of the Rio Bayano.
Anthus lutescens peruvianus Nicholson
Anthus peruvianus Nicholson, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 390 — Catarindos Valley and Islay = Catarindos Valley near
Islay, Arequipa, Peru, fide Hellmayr.
Coastal Peru from Trujillo southward to Tacna in northern Chile.
Anthus lutescens lutescens Pucheran
Anthus lutescens Pucheran', 1855, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 7,
p. 343 — Brésil = vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, fide Hellmayr.
Savannah country of South America east of the Andes from Colom-
bia, probably in eastern Llanos; Venezuela’, in eastern Apure,
eastern Monagas, Delta Amacuro, eastern Bolivar, Paragua and
hills in the vicinity of Roraima; British, Dutch and French Guiana;
southward through Brazil; extreme southeastern Bolivia; northern
Argentina in Mendoza and Buenos Aires.
ANTHUS CORRENDERA
Anthus correndera calcaratus Taczanowski
Anthus calcaratus Taczanowski, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soe. London,
p. 507 — Junin, Peru.
Mountains of Peru on arid plateaus of Junin, Cuzco and Puno.
Anthus correndera catamarcae Hellmayr
Anthus correndera catamarcae Hellmayr, 1921, Hornero, p. 186 —
Lago Colorado, 3,400 meters, Catamarca, Argentina.
High, arid plateaus of Potosi, Bolivia; northern Chile and extreme
northwestern Argentina.
Anthus correndera chilensis (Lesson)
Corydalla chilensis Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 101 — Chile.
Chile, from the Copiapo Valley, Atacama southward, and southern
Argentina from about lat. 48° S., at Lago San Martin and Rio
Chico in Santa Cruz, to extreme southern Patagonia.
1 Azara’s (1805, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Paxaros, p. 6) description of the tail
of his chit indicates A. hellmayri brasilianus rather than this species, and
the application of the name chii is not unquestionable as Hellmayr, 1921,
Hornero, p. 183, points out; Zimmer, 1953, to the contrary.
2 Birds of the Guianas and Venezuela are intermediate and perhaps closer
to parvus than to lutescens. The name abariensis Chubb is available, if this
population is considered to be distinct.
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE 165
Anthus correndera grayi Bonaparte
Anthus grayi Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 249, based on
Alauda novae zealandiae var. B Latham, 1790, Ind. Orn., 2,
p. 497, based on Cinereous Lark of the Falkland Islands, Port-
lock’s Voy. round the World, pl. facing p. 38 — near Port
Egmont, Falkland Islands, fide Mathews and Iredale, 1921,
Austral Av. Rec., 4, p. 150.
Anthus phillipsi Brooks, 1916, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 6, p. 26
— Port Stanley, Falkland Islands.
Falkland Islands.
Anthus correndera correndera Vieillot
Anthus correndera Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 26,
p. 491 — Paraguay.
From southern Brazil from coastal Sao Paulo and Rio Grande
do Sul, Uruguay and perhaps Paraguay; Argentina in Corrientes,
Entre Rios, Cordoba, Mendoza, Neuquen and the Rio Chubut in
northern Patagonia.
ANTHUS NATTERERI
Anthus nattereri Sclater
Anthus nattereri Sclater, 1878, Ibis, p. 366, pl. x — Rio Verde,
Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil in Sao Paulo, Parana and Rio
Grande do Sul.
ANTHUS BOGOTENSIS
Anthus bogotensis bogotensis Sclater
Anthus bogotensis Sclater, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 23,
p. 109 — Santa Fé de Bogota, Colombia.
Colombia in the eastern Andes, mountains of Narifo and perhaps
the central Andes; Ecuador in the eastern Andes.
Anthus bogotensis immaculatus Cory
Anthus bogotensis immaculatus Cory, 1916, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.
[Chicago], Orn. Ser., 1, p. 345 — mountains east of Balsas,
10,000 feet, Amazonas, Peru.
Bolivia in La Paz and Cochabamba and southward in Peru
into Junin.
Anthus bogotensis shiptoni (Chubb)
Notiocorys bogotensis shiptoni Chubb, 1923, Hornero, 3, no. 1, p. 34,
35, pl. 1 — Aconquija, 13,000 ft., Tucuman.
High, arid plateaus of Bolivia in Cochabamba and northwestern
Argentina in Tucuman.
12
166 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Anthus bogotensis meridae Zimmer
Anthus bogotensis meridae Zimmer, 1953, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1649, p. 24 — Escorial, 2,500 meters, near Mérida, Vene-
zuela.
Northwestern Venezuela in the Andes of Mérida and probably
Tachira and Trujillo.
ANTHUS ANTARCTICUS
Anthus antarcticus Cabanis
Anthus antarcticus Cabanis, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 254 —
South Georgia.
Island of South Georgia, South Atlantic.
ANTHUS GUTTURALIS
Anthus gutturalis gutturalis De Vis
Anthus gutturalis De Vis, 1894, Ann. Rep. Brit. New Guinea,
(1893-94), p. 103 — Mt. Maneao, southeastern New Guinea.
Mountains of southeastern New Guinea.
Anthus gutturalis rhododendri Mayr
Anthus gutturalis rhododendri Mayr, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin,
17, p. 692 — Mongi-Busu, Saruwaged Mountains (2,600 m.).
Mountains of east-central New Guinea (Hagen and Bismarck Mts.)
and of the Huon Peninsula (Saruwaged Mountains).
Anthus gutturalis wollastoni Ogilvie-Grant
Anthus wollastoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31,
p. 105 — Utakwa River (8,000 feet), Snow Mountains.
Nassau and Oranje Mountains, west-central New Guinea.
ANTHUS SOKOKENSIS
Anthus sokokensis van Someren
Anthus sokokensis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41,
p. 124 — Sokoke forest, Kenya.
Known from Sokoke forest, southeast Kenya and from Moa near
Usambara in northeast Tanganyika.
ANTHUS CRENATUS
Anthus crenatus Finsch and Hartlaub
Anthus crenatus Finsch and Hartlaub, 1870, Végel Ost-Afrikas,
p. 275 — near Cape Town.
Mountains from Cape Province to east Transvaal and Basutoland.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 167
ANTHUS LINEIVENTRIS
Anthus lineiventris Sundevall
Anthus lineiventris Sundevall, 1851, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7,
(1850), p. 100 — Limpopo River. Type from Mohapoani Berg.
Anthus lineiventris stygium Clancey, 1952, no. 1-2, Bonn. Zool.
Beitr., p. 18 — Ungeni River, Natal.
Locally from Pondoland to Transvaal and Natal, Southern Rho-
desia, Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia, the Katanga, Angola and
Tanganyika.
ANTHUS CHLORIS
Anthus chloris Lichtenstein
Anthus chloris Lichtenstein, 1842, Verz. Kaffernl., p. 13 — Kaffir-
land = Cape Province.
Cape Province to Orange Free State, southeast Transvaal and
interior of Natal.
Famity CAMPEPHAGIDAE
JAMES L. Peters (Coracina (part), Pteropodocys,
Campochaera, Chlamydochaera)
Ernst Mayr (Coracina (part), Lalage)
HERBERT G. DEIGNAN (Pericrocotus, Hemipus, Tephrodornis)!
cf. Stuart Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India, 2, p. 336-347.
Bannerman, 1939, Birds Trop. W. Africa, 5, p. 311-318.
Mayr, 1941, List New Guinea Birds, p. 99-104.
—, 1945, Birds Southwest Pacific, p. 89-90; 166; 189-190;
248-250; 293-294.
—, 1946, in Delacour and Mayr, Birds Philippines, p. 162-166.
Delacour, 1947, Birds Malaysia, p. 202—203.
Genus PTEROPODOCYS GovuLp
Pteropodocys Gould, 1846, Birds Austral., pt. 25 [= 2, p. 59 of
volume]. Type, by monotypy, Pteropodocys phasianella Gould =
Ceblepyris maxima Riippell.
PTEROPODOCYS MAXIMA
Pteropodocys maxima pallida Mathews
Pteropodocys maxima pallida Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 325 —Alexandra, Northern Territory.
Northern portions of Australia.
1 Ms. read by: Reginald Ernest Moreau, Erwin Stresemann, 8S. Dillon
Ripley, Karel Hendrik Voous.
12*
168 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pteropodocys maxima maxima (Riippell)
Ceblepyris maxima Riippell, 1839, Mus. Senckenb., Abhandl., 3,
pt. 1, p. 28, pl. 3 — New Holland = New South Wales.
Graucalus Phasianellus Gould, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1839), p. 142 — Liverpool Plains, New South Wales.
Pteropodocys maxima neglecta Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 325 — Broome Hill, South-West Australia.
Southern portions of Australia from southern Queensland to
Central Australia, South and South-West Australia.
GENUS CORACINA Vier.ot!
Coracina Vieillot, 1816 (April), Analyse, p. 37. Type, by subsequent
designation, ““Choucari’”’ of Buffon = Corvus papuensis Gmelin
(Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., Th. 1, [1850-51], p. 62).
Graucalus Cuvier, 1816 (Dec.), Régne Anim., 1, 1817, p. 341.
Type, by subsequent designation, Corvus papuensis Gmelin
(Gray, 1840, List. Gen. Birds, p. 34).
Ceblepyris Cuvier, 1816 (Dec.), Regne Anim., 1, 1817, p. 348.
Type, by subsequent designation, Muscicapa cana Gmelin.
Coronis Gloger, 1827, Froriep’s Notizen, 16, col. 277. Not of
Latreille, 1823, Crustacea, nor of Huebner, 1825, Lepidoptera.
New name for Coracina Vieillot.
Oxynotus Swainson, 1832 (Feb.), in Swainson and Richardson,
Fauna Bor. Amer., p. 483. Type, by original designation, Lanius
rufiventer (nomen nudum, unidentifiable) ; Oxynotus typicus Hart-
laub hereby designated as type. Preoccupied by Oxynotus Ra-
finesque, 1810.
Acanthinotus Swainson, 1832 (Feb.), op. cit., p. 483. New name
for Acanthonotus Swainson, op. cit., p. 168, preoccupied. Type,
by present designation, Oxynotus typicus Hartlaub.
Volvocivora Hodgson, 1836, Indian Rev., 1, p. 328. Type, by ori-
ginal designation, Volvocivora melaschistos Hodgson, l. c.
Cyrtes Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. Ixviii, fig. [11].
Gazzola Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1, [1850], p. 383. Type, by
monotypy, Corvus caledonicus Gmelin.
Ptiladela Jacquinot and Pucheran, 1853, Voyage Pole Sud, Zool.,
3, p. 67. Type, by original designation, Ptiladela boyeri Gray.
Edolisoma? Jacquinot and Pucheran, 1853, Voyage Pole Sud,
Zool., 3, p. 69. Type, by original designation, Hdolisoma mares-
coti Gray.
1 The synonymy of this genus is unusually complicated, not only has
nearly every one of the species been made the type of a genus at one time
or another, but many species have been transferred from one genus to
another. For this reason a complete generic synonymy is given.—J. L. P.
2 This is the original spelling; the name has been altered accidentally
or intentionally to Hdoliosoma and Edoliisoma.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 169
Cyanograucalus Hartlaub, 1861, Journ. f. Orn., 9, p. 170. Type,
by monotypy, Graucalus azureus Cassin.
Artamides Hartlaub, 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13, p. 170. Type, by
monotypy, Ceblepyris bicolor Temm.
Malindangia Mearns, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2, sect. A,
p. 355. Type, by original designation, Malindangia mcgregori
Mearns, I. c.
Paragraucalus Mathews, 1913, Austral Av. Rec., 2, p. 58. Type,
by original designation, Ceblepyris lineatus Swainson.
Metagraucalus Mathews, 1913, Austral Av. Rec., 2, p. 59. Type,
by original designation, Graucalus tenuirostris Jardine.
Coquus W. L. Sclater, 1914, Ibis, p. 174. Type, by original de-
signation, Oxynotus rufiventer Swainson (nomen nudum). Type,
by virtual monotypy, Oxynotus newtoni Pollen (only valid
species mentioned under Coquus).
Celebesia Riley, 1918, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31, p. 158.
Type, by original designation, Celebesia abbott: Riley. Not Cele-
besia Bolivar, 1917, Insecta.
Graucosoma Mathews, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45, p. 87. Type,
by original designation, Hdolisoma obiense Salvadori.
Celebesica Strand, 1928, Arch. f. Naturg., 92, Abth. A, Heft 8,
p. 57. New name for Celebesia Riley, preoccupied.
Iisomada Mathews, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p.372. Type, by
original designation, Volvocivora inspirator [sic] (= insperata)
Finsch.
Analisoma Mathews, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 372. Type, by
original designation, Campephaga analis Verreaux and Des
Murs.
cf. Rensch, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17, p. 563-566. (Lesser
Sunda Islands).
Stresemann, 1940, Journ. f. Orn., 88, p. 120-127. (Celebes).
Ripley, 1941, Auk, 58, p. 381-395. (Coracina striata).
Voous and Van Marle, 1949, Bijd. Dierk., 28, p. 513-529.
(Coracina striata).
Delacour, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1497, p. 1-15. (‘“‘Volvo-
ciwora’’).
Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, p. 9-17. (North
Melanesia).
CORACINA NOVAEHOLLANDIAE
Coracina novaehollandiae macei (Lesson)
Graucalus Macei Lesson, 1831, Traité d’Orn., livr. 5, p. 349 —
Bengal; restricted to Calcutta by Whistler and Kinnear, 1933,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 346.
India south of the Himalayas from Garwhal through Bengal and
Orissa, south to Travancore.
170 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Coracina novaehollandiae nipalensis (Hodgson)
Graucalus nipalensis Hodgson, 1836, Indian Rev., 1, (1837), p. 327
— Nepal.
India in the lower Himalayas up to 6,000 feet from Garwhal and
western Nepal eastward through Sikkim, Bhutan and the hills of
western Assam, south to northern Bihar.
?Coracina novaehollandiae lushaiensis Koelz
Coracina javensis lushaiensis Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Reg.
Expl., no. 1, p. 15 —Sangau, Lushai Hills.
Southern Assam.
Coracina novaehollandiae rex-pineti (Swinhoe)
Graucalus rex-pineti Swinhoe, 1863, Ibis, p. 265 — Formosa.
Graucalus javensis mellianus Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f. Orn.,
71, p. 362 — Mahn-tsi-Shan, Kwangtung.
Southeastern China in provinces of Fukien, Kwangtung, anda
Yunnan (Szemao); Island of Formosa; Tonkin, northern Laos.
Coracina novaehollandiae layardi (Blyth)
Graucalus layardi Blyth, 1866, Ibis, p. 368 — southern India and
Ceylon.
Island of Ceylon.
Coracina novaehollandiae andamana (Neumann)
Graucalus macei andamanus Neumann, 1915, Orn. Monatsb., 23,
p. 181 — Port Blair, Andaman Islands.
Graucalus javensis andamanensis Whistler, 1940, Ibis, p. 731 —
South Andaman Islands.
Andaman Islands.
Coracina novaehollandiae siamensis (Baker)
Graucalus macet siamensis Stuart Baker, 1918, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
38, p.69— ““Mi-nan Kabun” or “‘Kabren” [Krabin River],
Siam.
Assam; Burma; western Yunnan; Thailand; Indochina, in south-
ern Annam, southern Laos and Cambodia.
Coracina novaehollandiae larutensis (Sharpe)
Artamides larutensis Sharpe, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 435
— Larut Hills, 3,000—4,400 feet, Perak.
Malay States from northern Perak south to southern Selangor
and Pahang.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE iif
Coracina novaehollandiae larvivorus (Hartert)
Graucalus macei larvivorus Hartert, 1910, Novit. Zool., 17, p. 227
— Mt.Wuchi, Hainan.
Island of Hainan.
Coracina novaehollandiae javensis (Horsfield)
Ceblephyris [sic] Javensis Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don, 13, pt. 1, p. 145 —‘“‘Kepodang-sungu’’, Java.
Java and Bali.
Coracina novaehollandiae floris (Sharpe)
Artamides floris Sharpe, 1879, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 4, p. 9 (in
key), p. 14 — Flores.
Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumbawa, Flores.
Coracina novaehollandiae sumbensis (Meyer)
Graucalus sumbensis A. B. Meyer, 1882, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges.
Wien, 31, [1881], p. 765 — Sumba.
Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumba.
Coracina novaehollandiae alfrediana (Hartert)
Graucalus floris alfredianus Hartert, 1898, Novit. Zool., 5, p. 458
—Alor.
Lesser Sunda Islands: Lomblen, Alor.
Coracina novaehollandiae personata (Miiller)
Ceblepyris personata S. Miller, 1843, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl.,
Land-en Volkenk., pt. 6, p. 190 — Timor.
Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor, Semau, Wetar, Romang.
Coracina novaehollandiae lettiensis (Meyer)
Graucalus lettiensis A. B. Meyer, 1885, Sitzungsb. Ges. Isis, Dres-
den, [1884], p. 28 — “‘Letti’’.
Lesser Sunda Islands: Leti, Moa, Sermata.
Coracina novaehollandiae subpallida Mathews
Coracina novaehollandiae subpallida Mathews, 1912 (Jan.), Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 326, no. 761 — midwest Australia; type from Strel-
ley River.
Coracina gascoynensis Ashby, 1930, Emu, 29, p. 190 — Jacobs
Creek, tributary of the Gascoyne River, West Australia.
Midwestern Australia from the Gascoyne to the DeGrey River;
wintering in Lesser Sunda Islands and Kei Island.
172 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Coracina novaehollandiae didimus Mathews
Coracina novaehollandiae didimus Mathews, 1912 (Apr.), Austral
Av. Rec., 1, p. 42 — Melville Island, Northern Territory.
Coracina novaehollandiae kuehni Hartert, 1916, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 36, p. 65 — Tual, Little Kei Islands.
Northern Australia, from northwestern Australia to northern
Queensland; on migration or wintering, recorded from the Lesser
Sunda Islands, Peling, Sula Islands, southern Moluccas, western
New Guinea, and islands in Geelvink Bay.
Coracina novaehollandiae melanops (Latham)
Corvus melanops Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxiv — “in
Nova Hollandia” = Sydney, New South Wales.
Graucalus choucari Laugier, 1836, Cat. Coll. Birds, p. 8 — Sydney,
New South Wales, fide Mathews. Original not seen; so cited
by Sherborn.
Graucalus melanotis Gould, 1838 (Apr.), Syn. Birds Australia,
pt.4, p.1, pl. 54, fig.2— “New South Wales” = Sydney,
New South Wales.
Coracina novaehollandiae westralensis Mathews, 1912 (Jan.),
Novit. Zool., 18, p. 326, no. 760 — Wilsons Inlet, Southwest
Australia.
Coracina novaehollandiae connectens Mathews, 1912 (Jan.), Novit.
Zool., 18, p. 326, no. 762 — Inkerman, Queensland.
Breeds in southwestern, southern and eastern Australia, north to
central Queensland; on migration or in winter to eastern New
Guinea, D’Entrecasteaux, Louisiade, and Bismarck Archipelagos
and Solomon Islands (Nissan, Bougainville).
Coracina novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (Gmelin)
Turdus novae Hollandiae Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 814
— “terra van Diemen’’ = Adventure Bay, Tasmania.
Graucalus parvirostris Gould, 1838, Syn. Birds Australia, pt. 4,
p. 1, pl. 54, fig. 1 — New South Wales, error = Tasmania.
Coracina melanops tasmanica Mathews, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
27, p. 100 —Tasmania.
Breeds in Tasmania and Flinders Islands; partly resident but
recorded as migrant or winter visitor in eastern Australia and New
Guinea (Port Moresby region).
CORACINA FORTIS
Coracina fortis (Salvadori)
Graucalus fortis Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12, p. 326
— Buru.
Southern Moluccas: Buru.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 173
CORACINA ATRICEPS
Coracina atriceps magnirostris (Bonaparte)
Graucalus magnirostris Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1, p. 354 —
Halmahera.
Northern Moluccas: Ternate, Halmahera, Batjan.
Coracina atriceps atriceps (Miiller)
Ceblepyris atriceps S. Miller, 1843, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl.,
Land-en Volkenk., pt. 6, p. 190 — Celebes, error = Seram;
type from Kaibobo.
Southern Moluccas: Seram.
CORACINA POLLENS
Coracina pollens pollens (Salvadori)
Graucalus pollens Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 6
p. 75 — Kei Islands.
Kei Islands.
>
Coracina pollens unimoda (Sclater)
Artamides unimodus Sclater, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 55
— Larat, Tanimbar Islands.
Tanimbar Islands.
CORACINA SCHISTACEA
Coracina schistacea petersi Neumann
Coracina schistacea petersi Neumann, 1939, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
59, p. 93 — Peleng Island.
Peleng Island.
Coracina schistacea schistacea (Sharpe)
Artamides schistaceus Sharpe, 1879, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 4, p. 9
(in key), p. 11 — Sula Islands.
Sula Islands: Taliabu, Mangole(?).
CORACINA CALEDONICA
Coracina caledonica bougainvillei (Mathews)
Artamides welchmani bougainvillei Mathews, 1928, Novit. Zool.,
34, p. 373 — Bougainville, Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Bougainville.
Coracina caledonica kulambangrae Rothschild and Hartert
Coracina welchmani kulambangrae Rothschild and Hartert, 1916,
Novit. Zool., 23, p. 289 — Kulambangra, Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Kulambangra, New Georgia, Vangunu.
174 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Coracina caledonica welchmani (Tristram)
Graucalus (Artamides) welchmani Tristram, 1892, Ibis, p. 294 —
Bugotu, 7.e. Isabel, Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Isabel.
Coracina caledonica amadonis Cain and Galbraith
Coracina caledonica amadonis Cain and Galbraith, 1955, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 75, p. 90 — mountains of Guadalcanal.
Solomon Islands: Guadalcanal.
Coracina caledonica thilenii (Neumann)
Graucalus caledonicus thilenii Neumann, 1915, Orn. Monatsb., 23,
p. 181 — Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides.
New Hebrides: Espiritu Santo, Malo, Malekula.
Coracina caledonica seiuncta Mayr and Ripley
Coracina caledonica sevuncta Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Auk, 58,
p. 250 — Erromango, New Hebrides.
New Hebrides: Erromango.
Coracina caledonica lifuensis (Tristram)
Graucalus lifuensis Tristram, 1879, Ibis, p. 190 — Lifu, Loyalty
Islands.
Loyalty Islands: Lifu.
Coracina caledonica caledonica (Gmelin)
Corvus caledonicus Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, p. 367 —
New Caledonia.
New Caledonia.
CORACINA CAERULEOGRISEA
Coracina caeruleogrisea strenua (Schlegel)
Campephaga strenua Schlegel, 1871, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 4
(1873), p.44— Jobi, and Arfak Peninsula; restricted to the
Arfak Peninsula by Hartert, 1930, Novit. Zool., 36, p. 89.
Island of Japen; mountains of western and central New Guinea.
Coracina caeruleogrisea caeruleogrisea (Gray)
Campephaga caeruleogrisea G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, pt. 26, p. 179 — Aru Islands.
Aru Islands; southern New Guinea on the Fly and Digul Rivers.
Coracina caeruleogrisea adamsoni Mayr and Rand
Coracina caeruleogrisea adamsoni Mayr and Rand, 1936, Mitt.
Zool. Mus. Berlin, 21, p. 245 — Mafulu, 1,250 meters, Central
Division, Territory of Papua.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 175
Southeastern New Guinea from Astrolabe Bay on the north and
the Hall Sound district on the south, eastward.
CORACINA TEMMINCKII
Coracina temminckii temminckii (Miiller)
Ceblepyris temminckii S. Miller, 1843, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl.,
Land-en Volkenk., pt. 6, p. 191 — northern Celebes; type from
Gorontalo.
Mountain forests on the northern peninsula of Celebes.
Coracina temminckii rileyi Meise
Coracina temminckii rileyi Meise, 1931, Orn. Monatsb., 39, p. 48 —
‘“‘Rano Rano, west or northwest of Posso Lakes’’, Koro River,
central Celebes.
Celebes in the mountain forests of the central portion and the
southeastern peninsula.
Coracina temminckii tonkeana (Meyer)
Graucalus temmincki tonkeanus A. B. Meyer, 1903, Notes Leyden
Mus., 23, p. 187, 188, — Tonkean, Celebes.
Mountain forests in the eastern peninsula of Celebes.1
CORACINA LARVATA
Coracina larvata melanocephala (Salvadori)
Graucalus melanocephalus Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
14, p. 206 — “Monte Singalan’’, Padang Highlands, Sumatra.
Highlands of Sumatra.
Coracina larvata larvata (Miiller)
Ceblepyris larvata 8. Miller, 1843, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl.,
Land-en Volkenk., pt. 6, p. 190 — “Java”’.
Highlands of Java.
Coracina larvata normani (Sharpe)
Graucalus normani Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 438 — Kina Balu, Bor-
neo.
Mountains of Borneo.
CORACINA STRIATA
Coracina striata dobsoni (Ball)
Graucalus Dobsoni Ball, 1872, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 41, p.
281 — Port Blair, Andaman Islands.
Andaman Islands.
1 No race of C.temminckii is known from the southern peninsula of
Celebes.
176 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Coracina striata sumatrensis (Miller)
Ceblepyris sumatrensis 8. Miiller, 1843, Verh. nat. gesch. Nederl.,
Land-en Volkenk., pt.6, p. 191 — “Sumatra” = western
Sumatra.
Graucalus crissalis Salvadori, 1894, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2),
14, p. 592 — “‘Si-oban’”’, Mentawei Islands.
Artamides sumatrensis halistephis Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 60, no. 7, p. 14 — South Pagi Island.
Artamides sumatrensis messeris Oberholser, 1926, Journ. Washing-
ton Acad. Sci., 16, p. 517 — Trang, Peninsular Siam.
Artamides sumatrensis nesiarchus Oberholser, 1926, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 16, p. 517 — Parit Island, near Karimon
Island, Rhio Archipelago.
Peninsular Thailand (Trang) and the Malay Peninsula; Pulo
Tiomay, Sumatra; Siberut, Sipora, Pagi Islands; Rhio Archipelago;
Borneo, North Bornean Islands.
Coracina striata bungurensis (Hartert)
Graucalus bungurensis Hartert, 1894, Novit. Zool., 1, p. 477 —
Bunguran Island, North Natuna Islands.
Artamides sumatrensis calopolius Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus., no. 98, p. 34 — Mata Island, Anamba Islands.
Anamba Islands and Natuna Islands.
Coracina striata simalurensis (Richmond)
Graucalus simalurensis Richmond, 1903, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
26, p. 513 — “Simalur Island’.
Simeulue Island, off the west coast of Sumatra.
Coracina striata babiensis (Richmond)
Graucalus babiensis Richmond, 1903, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 26,
p- 513 — “Pulo Babi’.
Babi Island, off the west coast of Sumatra.
Coracina striata kannegieteri (Biittikofer)
Artamides Kannegieteri Biittikofer, 1897, Notes Leyden Mus.,
18, p. 175 — Nias Island.
Nias Island.
Coracina striata enganensis (Salvadori)
Graucalus enganensis Salvadori, 1892, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
(2), 12, p. 129 — Enggano Island.
Enggano Island.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE BFACA
Coracina striata vordermani (Hartert)
Graucalus vordermani Hartert, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12,
p. 32 — Kangean Island.
Kangean Island in the Java Sea.
Coracina striata difficilis (Hartert)
Graucalus sumatrensis difficilis Hartert, 1895, Novit. Zool., 2,
p- 470 — Balabac, Philippine Islands.
Philippine Islands: Calamian Group, Palawan, Balabac.
Coracina striata striata (Boddaert)
Corvus striatus Boddaert, 1783, Table pl. enlum., p. 38 — New
Guinea, error = Luzon, Philippines; ex Daubenton, Pl. enlum.,
pl. 629.
Philippine Islands: Luzon, Polillo, Lubang.
Coracina striata mindorensis (Steere)
Artamides Mindorensis Steere, 1890, List Birds, Mammals Steere
Exped., p. 14 — “Mindoro”.
Philippine Islands: Mindoro, Tablas.
Coracina striata panayensis (Steere)
Artamides Panayensis Steere, 1890, List Birds, Mammals Steere
Exped., p. 14 — “Guimaras, Panay, Masbate’’ = Panay. Pre-
occupied by Edoliisoma panayensis Steere, 1890 (see p. 193).
Philippine Islands: Ticao, Masbate, Panay, Guimaras, Negros.
Coracina striata cebuensis (Ogilvie-Grant)
Artamides cebuensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1896, Ibis, p. 535 — Cebu.
Philippine Islands: Cebu.
Coracina striata kochii (Kutter)
Graucalus Kochii Kutter, 1882, Orn. Centralb., 7, p. 183 — Min-
danao.
Philippine Islands: Samar, Leyte, Panaon, Bohol, Mindanao,
Basilan.
Coracina striata guillemardi (Salvadori)
Graucalus guillemardi Salvadori, 1886, Ibis, p. 154, in text —
Lapac, Sulu Archipelago, ex Guillemard, 1885, Proc. Zool Soc.
London, p. 258.
Philippine Islands: Sulu Archipelago.
178 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
CORACINA BICOLOR
Coracina bicolor (Temminck)
Ceblepyris bicolor Temminck, 1824, Pl. col., livr. 47, pl. 278 —
Sumatra, error = northern Celebes.
Celebes; Island of Muna.
CORACINA LINEATA
Coracina lineata axillaris (Salvadori)
Graucalus axillaris Salvadori, 1876, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7,
(1875), p. 925 — Arfak Mts., New Guinea.
Waigeo; mountains of New Guinea.
Coracina lineata maforensis (Meyer)
Campephaga maforensis Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, 69, Heft 4, p. 386 — Mafor [now Numfor].
Island of Numfor in Geelvink Bay.
Coracina lineata sublineata (Sclater)
Graucalus sublineatus Sclater, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.
448, pl. 36 — “Nova Hibernia” = New Ireland.
Bismarck Archipelago: New Ireland, New Britain.
Coracina lineata nigrifrons (Tristram)
Graucalus nigrifrons Tristram, 1892, Ibis, p. 294 — Bugotu, Solo-
mon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Bougainville, Choiseul, Isabel.
Coracina lineata ombriosa (Rothschild and Hartert)
Graucalus pusillus ombriosus Rothschild and Hartert, 1905, Novit.
Zool., 12, p. 264 — Gizo, Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Gizo, Kulambangra, New Georgia, Rendova.
Coracina lineata pusilla (Ramsay)
Graucalus pusillus Ramsay, 1879 (June), Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales, 4, p. 71 — Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands.
Graucalus solomonensis Ramsay, 1880, Proc Linn. Soc. New South
Wales, 4, p. 314 — Guadalcanal.
Solomon Islands: Guadalcanal.
Coracina lineata malaitae Mayr
Coracina lineata malaitae Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 504,
p. 17 — Malaita, Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Malaita.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 179
Coracina lineata makirae Mayr
Coracina lineata makirae Mayr, 1935, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 820,
p.4—San Cristdbal, Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: San Cristdbal.
Coracina lineata gracilis Mayr
Coracina lineata gracilis Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 486,
p. 18 — Rennell Island, Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Rennell Island.
Coracina lineata lineata (Swainson)
Ceblepyris lineata Swainson, 1825, Zool. Journ., 1, p. 466 — Au-
stralia = Moreton Bay, Queensland.
Paragraucalus lineatus austini Mathews, 1916, Austral Av. Rec.,
3, p. 60 — northern New South Wales.
Coastal Queensland from Cairns District southward, and New
South Wales (south to Sydney).
CORACINA BOYERI
Coracina boyeri boyeri (Gray)
Campephaga Boyeri G. R. Gray, 1846, Gen. Birds, 1, [p. 283] —
Triton Bay, New Guinea; ex Hombron and Jacquinot, 1830-
1835, Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas Zool., pl. 9, fig. 3.
Islands of Misol and Japen; New Guinea, eastward along the north-
ern coast to the Kumusi River, possibly as far as Collingwood Bay,
and along the southern coast of Triton Bay.
Coracina boyeri subalaris (Sharpe)
Graucalus subalaris Sharpe, 1878, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 1,
Heft 3, p. 364 — “‘in Novae Guineae parte meridionale-orientali”’
= Fly River.
Southern New Guinea from the Mimika River to Milne Bay.
CORACINA LEUCOPYGIA
Coracina leucopygia (Bonaparte)
Graucalus leucopygius Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1, p. 354
— Celebes; type from the northern part.
Celebes; Muna Island.
CORACINA PAPUENSIS
Coracina papuensis melanolora (Gray)
Campephaga melanolora G. R. Gray, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 28, p. 353 — Batjan and Ternate; types from Batjan.
Moluccas: Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Batjan, Obi; Gebe;
Kofiau; Misol.
180 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Coracina papuensis papuensis (Gmelin)
Corvus papuensis Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, pt.1, p. 371 —
New Guinea, restricted to Manokwari by Stresemann, 1913,
Journ. f. Orn., 61, p. 604.
Graucalus stephani A. B. Meyer, 1891, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dres-
den, 3, [1890-1891], no. 4, p. 9 — Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay,
New Guinea.
Batanta, Salawati, Japen; New Guinea on the Arfak Peninsula
and eastward along the northern coast to Huon Gulf, and on the
southern coast to Etna Bay.
Coracina papuensis intermedia Rothschild
Coracina papuensis intermedia Rothschild, 1931, Novit. Zool.,
36, p. 267 — Upper Setekwa River, New Guinea.
Southern New Guinea from the Mimika River to the Noord River.
Coracina papuensis oriomo Mayr and Rand
Coracina papuensis oriomo Mayr and Rand, 1936, Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 21, p. 244 — Wuroi, Oriomo River, Western Division,
Territory of Papua.
Lowlands of extreme southern New Guinea from the Fly River
(upstream to Lake Daviumbo) westward to the Wassi Kussa River;
Cape York, north Queensland.
Coracina papuensis angustifrons (Sharpe)
Graucalus angustifrons Sharpe, 1878, Journ. Linn. Soc. London,
Zool., 13, p. 81 — “Southern New Guinea” = neighborhood of
Port Moresby.
Coracina papuensis meekiana Rothschild and Hartert, 1912, Novit.
Zool., 19, p. 201 — Kumusi River, New Guinea.
Southeastern New Guinea from Huon Gulf on the north and from
Hall Sound on the south, eastward.
Coracina papuensis louisiadensis (Hartert)
Graucalus papuensis louisiadensis Hartert, 1898, Novit. Zool., 5,
p. 524 — Sudest Island.
Louisiade Archipelago: Tagula (formerly Sudest) Island.
Coracina papuensis ingens (Rothschild and Hartert)
Graucalus papuensis ingens Rothschild and Hartert, 1914, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, p. 107 — Manus, Admiralty Islands.
Admiralty Islands: Manus, Los Negros.
Coracina papuensis sclaterii (Salvadori)
Graucalus sclaterii Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12,
p. 325 — “Nova Hibernia”? = New Ireland.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 181
Bismarck Archipelago: New Hanover, New Ireland, Duke of York
Island, New Britain, Umboi [Rook] Island.
Coracina papuensis perpallida Rothschild and Hartert
Coracina papuensis perpallida Rothschild and Hartert, 1916,
Novit. Zool., 23, p. 290 — Bougainville, Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Bougainville, Choiseul, Isabel, Florida.
Coracina papuensis elegans (Ramsay)
Graucalus elegans Ramsay, 1881, Proc Linn. Soc. New South
Wales, 6, [1882], p. 176 — Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kulambangra, New Georgia,
Rendova, Tetipari, Russell Islands, Guadalcanal.
Coracina papuensis eyerdami Mayr
Coracina papuensis eyerdami Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 504, p. 16 — Malaita, Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Malaita.
Coracina papuensis timorlaoensis (Meyer)
Graucalus timorlaoénsis A. B. Meyer, 1884, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1,
p- 199, pl. 9, fig. 1 — Timorlaut.
Tanimbar Islands.
Coracina papuensis hypoleuca (Gould)
Graucalus hypoleucus Gould, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt.
16, p. 38 — Port Essington.
Graucalus mertont Berlepsch, 1911, Abh. Senckberg. Naturf. Ges.,
34, Heft 1, p. 64 — “‘Barkai” Island, Aru Islands.
Coracina hypoleuca apsleyi Mathews, 1912, Austral Av. Rec., 1
p. 42 — Melville Island, Northern Territory.
Coracina hypoleuca parryi Mathews, 1912, Austral Av. Rec., 1
p. 43 — Parry’s Creek, Northwest Australia.
Northern Australia from Fitzroy River (Kimberleys) to Gulf of
Carpentaria; Melville Island; Aru Islands.
?
>
Coracina papuensis stalkeri Mathews
Coracina hypoleuca stalkeri Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p.
327 — Cooktown, Queensland.
Northern Queensland (except Cape York) and central Queensland
from Cooktown to Inkerman.
CORACINA ROBUSTA
Coracina robusta (Latham)
Lanius robustus Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xviii — ‘‘in
Nova Hollandia” = Sydney, New South Wales.
13
182 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Corvus melanogaster Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. xxv —
“in Nova Hollandia’’.
Graucalus mentalis Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 15, pt. 1, p. 217 — South Coast [of Australia].
Colluricincla concinna Hutton, 1871, Cat. Birds New Zealand,
p. 15 — New Zealand.
Coracina robusta victoriae Mathews, 1916, Austral Av. Rec., 3,
p. 60 — Victoria, Australia.
Coracina papuensis wilkinst Kinnear, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
44, p. 68 — Mt. Driven, Queensland.
North Queensland (Cairns District) to New South Wales, Victoria
and South Australia (Adelaide).
CORACINA LONGICAUDA
Coracina longicauda grisea Junge
Coracina longicauda grisea Junge, 1939, Nova Guinea, n.s., 3,
p. 5 — Hellwig Mts., 2,600 meters, New Guinea.
Central New Guinea in the Oranje Mts.
Coracina longicauda longicauda (De Vis)
Graucalus longicauda De Vis, 1890, Ann. Rept. Brit. New Guinea,
[1889], app., p. 59 — Musgrave Range, 7,000 to 9,000 feet,
New Guinea.
Graucalus cornix Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 187 —
Aroa River, New Guinea.
Mountains of southeastern New Guinea westward to Wahgi and
Kubor Mts., between 1,900 and 3,200 meters.
CORACINA PARVULA
Coracina parvula (Salvadori)
Graucalus parvulus Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12,
p. 324 — Halmahera.
Northern Moluccas: Halmahera.
CORACINA ABBOTTI
Coracina abbotti (Riley)
Celebesia abbotti Riley, 1918, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31,
p. 158 — Rano-Rano, Celebes.
High mountains of Celebes (Latimodjong Mts., Rano Rano,
Matinan Mts., Mengkoka Mts.).
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 183
CORACINA ANALIS
Coracina analis (Verreaux and Des Murs)
Campephaga analis Verreaux and Des Murs, 1860, Rev. et Mag.
Zool., (2), 12, p. 395 — New Caledonia.
New Caledonia.
CORACINA CAESIA
Coracina caesia preussi (Reichenow)
Graucalus preusst Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 183
— Buea, Cameroons.
Coracina caesia okuensis Bannerman, 1938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
58, p. 76 — Oku, 7,000 feet, west of Kumbo, Cameroons.
Highlands of Eastern Nigeria (Banso Mts., Cameroon Mt., Rumpi
Hills, Kupé Mt.); Island of Fernando Po.
Coracina caesia pura (Sharpe)
Graucalus purus Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 121 — Mt. Elgon.
Mountain forests from southern Nyasaland and Uluguru north
to central Ethiopia; lmatong group of mountains in southern Sudan,
and the highlands west of Lake Albert (Kabobo, Ruwenzori and
Kivu Mts.).
Coracina caesia caesia (Lichtenstein)
Ceblepyris caesia Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl. zool. Mus.
Berlin, p. 51 — “‘Terr. Caffror” = Kaffraria.
Wooded portions of eastern Cape Province north to Southern
Rhodesia.
CORACINA PECTORALIS
Coracina pectoralis (Jardine and Selby)
Graucalus pectoralis Jardine and Selby, 1828, Ill. Orn., 2, pl. 57
— Sierra Leone.
The greater part of tropical Africa (except the forested portions
and deserts) from Senegambia to Ethiopia (absent Somaliland),
and south to northern border of South West Africa, northern Trans-
vaal, and the Limpopo River.
CORACINA GRAUERI
Coracina graueri Neumann
Coracina grauerti Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23, p. 11 —
90 kilometers west of Lake Edward, Belgian Congo.
Forests above 5,000 feet along the western side of the Albertine
Rift in highlands northwest of Lake Tanganyika.
13*
184 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
CORACINA CINEREA
Coracina cinerea cucullata (Milne-Edwards and Oustalet)
Graucalus cucullatus Milne-Edwards and Oustalet, 1885, Compt.
Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 101, p. 221 — Grand Comoro Island.
Graucalus sulphureus Milne-Edwards and Oustalet, 1885, Compt.
Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 101, p. 221 — Grand Comoro Island.
Grand Comoro Island.
Coracina cinerea cinerea (Miller)
Muscicapa cinerea P. L. 8. Miller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl., p.171
— Madagascar
Ceblepyris major Sharpe, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 389 —
near Nossi Vola, southeast of Lake Alaotra.
Wet, forested portions of northern, north-central and east coasts
of Madagascar.
Coracina cinerea pallida Delacour
Coracina cinerea pallida Delacour, 1931, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn.,
1, p. 484 — Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, Madagascar.
Dry portions of central, western and southwestern Madagascar.
CORACINA AZUREA
Coracina azurea (Cassin)
Graucalus azureus Cassin, 1852, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
5, p. 348 —“‘West Africa’”’.
African forest belt from Sierra Leone to the Congo River east-
ward to the Semliki Forest, and southward to Gaboon, Belgian
Mayombe and the Kasai in vicinity of Luebo.
CORACINA TYPICA!
Coracina typica (Hartlaub)
Oxynotus typicus Hartlaub, 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13, p. 160 —
Mauritius.
Mauritius
CORACINA NEWTONI!
Coracina newtoni (Pollen)
Oxynotus newtoni Pollen, 1866, Ibis, p. 278 — Réunion.
Réunion.
1 Placed in Coquws Sclater, 1914, by authors.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 185
CORACINA COERULESCENS!
Coracina coerulescens coerulescens (Blyth)
Ceblepyris coerulescens Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11,
p- 463 — Luzon.
Luzon, Philippines.
Coracina coerulescens altera (Ramsay)
Edoliosoma alterum Ramsay, 1881, Ibis, p. 34 — Cebu.
Cebu, Philippines.
CORACINA DOHERTYI
Coracina dohertyi (Hartert)
Edoliosoma dohertyi Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 584 —
Sumba Island.
Sumba Island.
CORACINA TENUIROSTRIS
Coracina tenuirostris timoriensis (Sharpe)
Edoliisoma timoriensis Sharpe, 1878, Mitt. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden,
1, p. 369 — Timor.
Lomblen and Timor.
Coracina tenuirostris kalaotuae (Meise)
Edolisoma morio kalaotuae Meise, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., 77, p. 461
— Kalao tua.
Kalao tua Island, south of Celebes.
Coracina tenuirostris emancipata (Hartert)
Edoliosoma emancipata Hartert, 1896, Novit. Zool., 3, p. 170 —
Djampea Island.
Djampea Island, south of Celebes.
Coracina tenuirostris pererrata (Hartert)
Edolisoma morio pererratum Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
38, p. 28 — Tomia, Tukang-besi Islands.
Tukang-besi Islands, southeast of Celebes.
Coracina tenuirostris edithae (Stresemann)
Edolisoma tenuirostre edithae Stresemann, 1932, Orn. Monatsb.,
40, p. 109 — Borong near Maros, south Celebes.
Southern Celebes.
1 The species from C. coerulescens through panayensis are by some authors
separated in the genus Hdolisoma.
186 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Coracina tenuirostris amboinensis (Hartlaub)
Campephaga amboinensis Hartlaub, 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13,
p. 156 — Amboina.
Amboina, Seram, Seramlaut, and Maar, southern Moluccas.
Coracina tenuirostris obiensis (Salvadori)
Edoliosoma obiense Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12,
p. 329 — Obi.
Obi and Bisa, Moluccas.
Coracina tenuirostris pelingi (Hartert)
Edolisoma obiense pelingi Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38,
p. 27 — Peling Island.
Peling, Banggai, and Sula Islands.
Coracina tenuirostris dispar (Salvadori)
Edoliosoma dispar Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12,
p. 328 — Kei Bandan, Kei Islands.
Banda, Tiur, Manggur, Manawolka, Goram, Watubela, Pulo
Pandjang, and Kei Islands.
Coracina tenuirostris tenuirostris (Jardine)
Gracaulus [sic] tenwirostris Jardine, 1831, Edinburgh Journ. Nat.
Geog. Sci., n.s., 3, p. 211 — ‘““New Holland” = New South
Wales.
Coracina tenuirostris obscura Mathews, 1912 (Jan.), Novit. Zool.,
18, p. 328 — Cairns, Queensland.
Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland, north to Cairns
District. Migratory.
Coracina tenuirostris melvillensis Mathews
Coracina tenuirostris melvillensis Mathews, 1912 (April), Austral.
Av. Rec., 1, p. 43 — Melville Island, Northern Territory.
Queensland (Cape York), Northern Territory, and North-West
Australia.
Coracina tenuirostris aruensis (Sharpe)
Edoliisoma aruense Sharpe, 1878, Mitt. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 1,
p. 369 — Lutor, Aru Islands.
Aru Islands and southern New Guinea from the Mimika River
to the Fly River.
Coracina tenuirostris miillerii (Salvadori)
Edoliisoma miillerii Salvadori, 1875, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 7,
p. 927. New name for Ceblepyris plumbea 8. Miller, 1843, Verh.
Nat. Gesch., Land-en Volkenk., 1, p. 189 — New Guinea and
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 187
Timor (restricted to Utanata River, south New Guinea). Pre-
occupied by Ceblepyris plumbea Wagler, 1827, Syst. Av., Cor-
vus, App., sp. 4 [new name for Corvus novae-guineae Gm. = Cora-
cina striata (Bodd.)].
Kofiau, Misol and Salawati; the whole of New Guinea (except the
south), D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago, and Woodlark Island.
Coracina tenuirostris nehrkorni (Salvadori)
Edoliisoma nehrkorni Salvadori, 1890, Agg. Orn. Pap. Mol., p. 91
—Waigeu Island.
Waigeo Island.
Coracina tenuirostris grayi (Salvadori)
Edoliosoma grayi Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 15,
p. 37. New name for Campephaga melanotis Gray, 1860, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 353 — Batjan and East Gilolo. Pre-
occupied by Graucalus melanotis Gould, 1838.
Batjan, Tidore Ternate, Halmahera, and Morotai, northern Mo-
luccas.
Coracina tenuirostris talautensis (Meyer and Wiglesworth)
Edoliisoma talautense Meyer and Wiglesworth, 1895, Abh. Ber. K.
Zool. Mus. Dresden, 5, no. 9, p. 5 — Talaut Islands.
Talaut Islands (Karkelang, Esang, and Kabruang), north of
Celebes.
Coracina tenuirostris salvadorii (Sharpe)
Edoliisoma salvadorii Sharpe, 1878, Mitt. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden,
3, p. 367 — Tambukan, Great Sangir Island.
Sangihe Island, north of Celebes.
Coracina tenuirostris numforana nom. nov.
Edoliosoma neglectum Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
15, p. 36 — “Mafoor” Island. Not Volvociora neglecta, Hume,
1877.
Numfor Island, Geelvink Bay.
Coracina tenuirostris meyerii (Salvadori)
Edoliosoma meyerii Salvadori, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 12,
p. 327 — Misori (= Biak) Island.
Biak Island, Geelvink Bay.
Coracina tenuirostris tagulana (Hartert)
Edoliosoma amboinense tagulanum Hartert, 1898, Novit. Zool., 5,
p. 524 — Sudest or Tagula Island.
Tagula and Misima Islands, Louisiade Archipelago.
188 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Coracina tenuirostris rostrata (Hartert)
Edoliosoma rostratum Hartert, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 20
— Rossel Island.
Rossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago.
Coracina tenuirostris admiralitatis (Rothschild and Hartert)
Edolisoma amboinense admiralitatis Rothschild and Hartert, 1914,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, p. 108 — Manus, Admiralty Islands.
Admiralty Islands.
Coracina tenuirostris matthiae (Sibley)
Edolisoma morio matthiae Sibley, 1946, Condor, 48, p. 182 —
Emirau Island, St. Matthias Group, Bismarck Archipelago.
Emirau (Storm or Squally) and Mussau (St. Matthias) Islands.
Coracina tenuirostris remota (Sharpe)
Edoliisoma remotum Sharpe, 1878, Mitt. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden,
1, p. 369 — New Hanover.
New Ireland, New Hanover, and Duke of York Islands, Bismarck
Archipelago.
Coracina tenuirostris heinrothi (Stresemann)
Edolisoma morio heinrothi Stresemann, 1922, Orn. Monatsb., 30,
p- 7 = Blanche Bay, New Britain.
New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago.
Coracina tenuirostris rooki (Rothschild and Hartert)
Edolisoma amboinense rooki Rothschild and Hartert, 1914, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 33, p. 107 — Rook Island
Rook Island, Bismarck Archipelago.
Coracina tenuirostris monacha (Hartlaub and Finsch)
Campephaga monacha Hartlaub and Finsch, 1872, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, p. 99 — Pelew Islands.
Palau Islands, Micronesia.
Coracina tenuirostris nesiotis (Hartlaub and Finsch)
Campephaga nesiotis Hartlaub and Finsch, 1872, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 98 — Yap Island, Mackenzie Group.
Yap Island, Micronesia.
Coracina tenuirostris saturatior (Rothschild and Hartert)
Edoliisoma erythropygium saturatius Rothschild and Hartert,
1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 582 —Ysabel Island.
Northern Solomons (from Bougainville to Isabel), Mono Island
and central Solomons (Vella Lavella to Vangunu and Rendova).
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 189
Coracina tenuirostris nisoria (Mayr)
Edolisoma tenuirostre nisorium Mayr, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 104 —
Pavuvu, Russell Islands, Solomon Islands.
Pavuvu, Russell Islands, Solomon Islands.
Coracina tenuirostris erythropygia (Sharpe)
Edoliisoma erythropygium Sharpe, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 184 — Guadalcanar.
Florida, Savo, Guadalcanal, and Malaita, Solomon Islands.
Coracina tenuirostris salomonis (Tristram)
Edoliisoma salomonis Tristram, 1879, Ibis, p. 440 — San Cristoval
Island.
San Cristobal Island, Solomon Islands.
Coracina tenuirostris insperata (Finsch)
Volvocivora insperata Finsch, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 643
— Ponape, Caroline Islands.
Ponape, Caroline Islands.
CORACINA MORIO
Coracina morio morio (Miiller)
Ceblepyris morio S. Miiller, 1843, Verh. Nat. Gesch., Land-en Vol-
kenk., 1, p. 189 — near Gorontalo and Tondano, north Celebes.
Northern and central Celebes.
Coracina morio wiglesworthi (van Oort)
Edoliisoma morio wiglesworthi van Oort, 1907, Notes Leyden Mus.,
29, p. 77—near Makassar.
South and southeast Celebes, Buton.
Coracina morio sula (Hartert)
Edolisoma mindanense sula Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38,
p. 28 — Sula-Besi.
Sula Besi and Sula Mangoli, Sula Islands.
Coracina morio marginata (Wallace)
Campephaga marginata Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 31 — Buru.
Southern Moluccas: Buru and Boano.
Coracina morio ceramensis (Bonaparte)
G[raucalus] ceramensis Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 355 —
Ceram.
Southern Moluccas: Seram.
190 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Coracina morio hoogerwerfi (Jany)
Edolisoma morio hoogerwerfi Jany, 1955, Journ. f. Orn., 96, p. 104
— Obi, Moluccas.
Moluccas: Obi.
Coracina morio incerta (Meyer)
Campephaga incerta Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
69, p. 387 — Ansus, Jobi Island.
Edoliisoma meyeri sharpet Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit.
Zool., 10, p. 209 — Northern coast of Dutch New Guinea.
Waigeu, Japen (= Jobi) Island; Meos Num, and mountains of
all New Guinea.
Coracina morio everetti (Sharpe)
Edoliisoma everetti Sharpe, 1893, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, p. 10 —
Bongao, Sulu Islands.
Sulu, Tawitawi, Bongao, Sulu Islands.
Coracina morio mindanensis (Tweeddale)
Volvocivora mindanensis Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 947 — Zamboanga, Mindanao.
Mindanao and Basilan, Philippine Islands.
Coracina morio elusa (McGregor)
Edoliisoma elusum McGregor, 1905, Bureau Govt. Laboratories,
Manila, 34, p. 19 — Balete, Mindoro.
Luzon and Mindoro, Philippine Islands.
CORACINA SCHISTICEPS
Coracina schisticeps schisticeps (Gray)
Campephaga schisticeps Gray, 1846, Gen. Birds, 1, p. 283 (ex Hom-
bron and Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud) — Triton Bay, south-
western New Guinea.
Edoliisoma schisticeps bernsteinti Neumann, 1917, Orn. Monatsb.,
25, p. 154 — Sorong, western coast of Vogelkop.
Northwestern New Guinea, eastward along the north coast to the
head of Geelvink Bay, along the south coast to Etna Bay; Misol
Island.
Coracina schisticeps reichenowi (Neumann)
Edoliisoma schisticeps reichenowi Neumann, 1917, Orn. Monatsb.,
25, p. 153 — Etappenberg, Sepik River district.
Edoliisoma schisticeps moszkowskii Neumann, 1917, Orn. Monatsb.,
25, p. 154 — Pamwi, lower Mamberano River.
Northern New Guinea from Geelvink Bay to Sepik Valley.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 191
Coracina schisticeps poliopsa (Sharpe)
Edoliisoma poliopsa Sharpe, 1882, Journ. Linn. Soc. London,
Zool., 16, p. 318 — Moroka district, Astrolabe Mts., south-
eastern New Guinea.
Southern New Guinea, from the Kapare River eastward at least
as far as the Astrolabe Mountains.
Coracina schisticeps vittata (Rothschild and Hartert)
Edolisoma schisticeps vittatum Rothschild and Hartert, 1914,
Novit. Zool., 21, p. 5 — Goodenough Island.
D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Fergusson and Goodenough Is-
lands).
CORACINA MELAENA
Coracina melaena waigeuensis (Stresemann and Paludan)
Edolisoma melan waigeuense Stresemann and Paludan, 1932, Orn.
Monatsb., 40, p. 17 — Waigeu Island.
Waigeu Island.
Coracina melaena tommasonis (Rothschild and Hartert)
Edoliisoma melas tommasonis Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit.
Zool., 10, p. 206 — Jobi Island.
Japen (= Jobi) Island, Geelvink Bay.
Coracina melaena melaena (Lesson)
Lanius melas Lesson, 1828, Man. d’Orn., 1, p. 128 — Dorey, north-
western New Guinea.
Batanta and Salawati Islands; western New Guinea, eastward
along the north coast as far as Astrolabe Bay and upper Ramu,
along the south coast to the fore-land of the Snow Mts., where it
intergrades with meeki (between Eilanden River and Fly River).
Coracina melaena meeki (Rothschild and Hartert)
Edoliisoma melas meeki Rothschild and Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool.,
10, p. 207 — Milne Bay, southeastern New Guinea.
Eastern New Guinea, westward along the north coast as far as
the Huon Gulf (Finschhafen), along the south coast as far as the
Fly River.
Coracina melaena goodsoni (Mathews)
Edolisoma melan goodsoni Mathews, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 373
—Trangan Island, Aru Islands.
Aru Islands.
192 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
CORACINA MONTANA
Coracina montana (Meyer)
Campephaga montona [sic] Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, 69, p. 386 — Arfak Mts.
Edoliisoma utakwensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
31, p. 105 — Utakwa River, Nassau Range.
Edoliisoma montana minus Rothschild and Hartert, 1907, Novit.
Zool., 14, p. 464 — Bihagi, Mambare River.
All mountain ranges of New Guinea.
CORACINA HOLOPOLIA
Coracina holopolia holopolia (Sharpe)
Graucalus holopolius Sharpe, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.184
— Guadalcanal.
Solomon Islands: Buka, Bougainville, Choiseul, Isabel, and
Guadalcanal.
Coracina holopolia pygmaea (Mayr)
Edolisoma holopolium pygmaeum Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 504, p. 18 — Kulambangra Island, British Solomon Islands.
Central Solomon Islands: Kulambangra and Vangunu.
Coracina holopolia tricolor (Mayr)
Edolisoma holopolium tricolor Mayr, 1931, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
No. 504, p. 18 — Malaita Island, British Solomon Islands.
Solomon Islands: Malaita.
CORACINA MCGREGORI
Coracina mcgregori mcgregori (Mearns)
Malindangia mcgregori Mearns, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2,
p. 355 — Mount Malindang, Mindanao.
Malindang Range, northern Mindanao.
Coracina mcgregori peterseni (Salomonsen)
Edolisoma mcgregori peterseni Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd.
Dansk naturh. Foren., 115, p. 276 — Upper slopes of Mt. Ka-
tanglad, Bukidnon Prov., Central Mindanao.
Bukidnon ranges, northern Mindanao.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 193
CORACINA PANAYENSIS
Coracina panayensis (Steere)
Edoliisoma (Graucalus) panayensis Steere, 1890, List Birds Mamm.
Steere Exped., p. 14 — Panay and Guimaras.
Coracina ostenta Ripley, 1952, Condor, 54, p. 362, new name.!
Philippine Islands: Guimaras, Negros and Panay.
CORACINA POLIOPTERA?
Coracina polioptera jabouillei Delacour
Coracina polioptera jabouillei Delacour, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1497, p. 5 — Pleiku, Kontoum Province, Annam.
Northern and central Annam from Kontoum Province to the
region of Vinh; also occurring in the provinces of Thuatien and
Quangtri.
Coracina polioptera indochinensis (Kloss)
Lalage fimbriata indochinensis Kloss, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
46, p. 7 — Dran, southern Annam.
Burma from the Chin Hills and Southern Shan States, and central
Laos, south to Tenasserim, central Thailand and central Laos;
southern Annam (Langbian, Dran).
Coracina polioptera polioptera (Sharpe)
Campophaga polioptera Sharpe, 1879, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 4,
p. 59 (in key), p. 69, pl. 2 — Cochinchina.
Southern Burma, southern Thailand, Cambodia, and Cochinchina.
CORACINA MELASCHISTOS
Coracina melaschistos melaschistos (Hodgson)
Volvocivora melaschistos Hodgson, 1836, Indian Rev., 1, (8), p. 328
Nepal.
Ceblepyris lugubris Sundevall, 1837, Physiogr. Sallskapets Tidskr.,
1, p. 52 — Nepal.
Graucalus maculosus Horsfield, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1839, p. 159 — Assam.
Volvocivora melanura Hartlaub, 1865, Journ. f. Orn., 13, p. 162
— India ?
1 This name is invalid because of the mandatory provision stated in
Bull. Zoél. Nomencl., 4, 1950, p. 265, par. 38 and id., 14, 1957, p. 184, Art.
24, Sect. 14, which states that “If homonyms are of identical date, one
proposed for a species takes precedence over one proposed for a subspe-
cies.”’ cf. p. 177. E. M.
2 The four species, polioptera, melaschistos, fimbriata and melanoptera
(sykesi), sometimes separated as Volvocivora, are here included in Coracina,
following Delacour (1951).
194 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
The Himalayas from Murree to Assam and western Yunnan
(Likiang), south to Manipur and upper Chindwin. Breeds at the
higher elevations, winters at lower elevations and slightly southward.
Coracina melaschistos avensis (Blyth)
Clampephaga| melanoptera Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
15, p. 307 — Arakan. Not Ceblepyris melanoptera Riippell, 1839.
Campephaga avensis Blyth, 1852, Cat. Birds Mus. As. Soc., p. 327.
New name for C. melanoptera Blyth, preoccupied.
Breeds in eastern Szechwan (Wanhsien), eastern Yunnan, moun-
tains of central and southern Burma, northern Thailand, northern
Indochina (except eastern Tonkin). In winter occurring at lower
elevations and south to southern Burma, southern Thailand, and
southern Indochina.
Coracina melaschistos intermedia (Hume)
Volvocivora intermedia Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 205 —
Tenasserim.
Campophaga innominata Oates, 1883, Handb. Birds Brit. Burmah,
1, p. 233 — Tavoy.
Volvocivora koratensis Kloss, 1918, Ibis, p. 193 — Lat Bua Kao,
eastern Siam.
Campephaga lugubris asakurai Kuroda, 1920, Dobuts. Zasshi, 32,
p. 244, 247 — Horisha, Nanto District, central Formosa.
Breeds in central and eastern China north to the Chin Ling
mountains and Hopeh; Formosa; on migration in Yunnan. In winter,
south to southern Burma, Thailand and Indochina.
Coracina melaschistos saturata (Swinhoe)
Volvocivora saturata Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 242 — Hainan.
Eastern Tonkin and northern and central Annam; Island of
Hainan; some drift to the south and west where recorded in winter
from Annam (Kontoum), Laos, Cambodia, and northwestern Thai-
land.
CORACINA FIMBRIATA
Coracina fimbriata neglecta (Hume)
Volvocivora neglecta Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 203 —
“extreme south of Tennasserim Penin.”’
Southern Tenasserim, and Peninsular Thailand south to Pattani
Coracina fimbriata culminata (Hay)
Ceblepyris Culminatus Hay, 1845, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 13,
pt. 2, p. 157 — Malacca.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 195
Campophaga minor Davison, 1892, Ibis, p. 99 — eastern coast of
the Malay Peninsula = the “Pahang country”’; ex Sharpe, 1892,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, p. vii
Malay Peninsula south of Perlis and Pattani.
Coracina fimbriata schierbrandii (Pelzeln)
Volvocivora schierbrandii Pelzeln, 1865, Reise ‘Novara’ Vog. p. 80
— Borneo.
Volvocivora borneensis Salvadori, 1868, Atti. R. Accad. Sci. To-
rino, 3, p. 532 — Borneo.
Sumatra and Borneo.
Coracina fimbriata compta (Richmond)
Campephaga compta Richmond, 1903, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 26,
p. 514 — Simeulue [Simalur] Island.
Islands of Simeulue and Siberut off the west coast of Sumatra.
Coracina fimbriata fimbriata (Temminck)
Ceblepyris fimbriatus Temminck, 1824, Pl. col., livr. 42, pl. 249,
250 — Java.
Java and Bali.
CORACINA MELANOPTERA
Coracina melanoptera melanoptera (Riippell)
Ceblepyris melanoptera Riippell, 1839, Mus. Senckenb., 3, p. 25,
pl. 2, fig. 1— New Holland?; error = Bhadwar, Kangra
District, Punjab, as fixed by Delacour, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1497, p. 15.
Lalage sykesi eximia Van Tyne and Koelz, 1936, Occ. Papers Mus.
Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 334, p. 4 — Bhadwar, Kangra Dis-
trict, Punjab.
Northern India in the valleys of northern Punjab and the United
Provinces.
Coracina melanoptera sykesi (Strickland)
Lalage Sykesi Strickland, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, p. 36
— “vicinity of Calcutta’? = Deccan fide Sykes, 1832, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 77, 87.
India from a line from Mt. Abu, Sambhur, Bareilly, southern
Nepal, Chota-Nagpur, and the Bengal-Assam border, southward;
Island of Ceylon.
Grenus CAMPOCHAERA “SatLvapDori”’
Campochaera “Salvadori” in Sharpe, 1878, Mitt. K. Zool. Mus.
Dresden, 3, p. 363. Type, by monotypy, Campephaga sloeti
Schlegel.
196 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
CAMPHOCHAERA SLOETII
Campochaera sloetii sloetii (Schlegel)
Campephaga sloetii Schlegel, 1866, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk, 3, p. 253
—Seleh, southwestern Cape of the Vogelkop.
New Guinea: western Vogelkop.
Campochaera sloetii flaviceps Salvadori
Campochaera flavicipitis [sic] Salvadori, 1880, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, 15, p. 38, note — Fly River and Hall Sound, restricted
to Fly River by Mayr, 1941. Name emended by Salvadori, 1881.
Southern New Guinea from the Mimika River eastward to the
Astrolabe Mts.
Genus CHLAMYDOCHAERA SHARPE
Chlamydochaera Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 439. Type, by monotypy,
Chlamydochaera jefferyi Sharpe.
CLAMYDOCHAERA JEFFERYI
Chlamydochaera jefferyi Sharpe
Chlamydochaera jefferyi Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 439, pl. 13 — Mt.
Kinabalu, North Borneo.
Mountains of Borneo, from Mt. Kinabalu to Mt. Mulu and Mt.
Dulit (Sarawak).
Genus LALAGE Bote
Lalage Boie, 1826, Isis, col. 973. Type, by monotypy, T'urdus orien-
talis Gmelin = Turdus niger Forster.
Erucivora Swainson, 1832, Faun. Bor.-Amer., Birds, p. 483. Type,
by original designation, 7’wrdus orientalis Gmelin.
Symmorphus Gould, 1838, Syn. Birds Austral., pt. 4, app., p. 3.
Type, by monotypy, Symmorphus leucopygus Gould.
Pseudolalage Blyth, 1861, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 30, p. 97.
Type, by monotypy, Lalage melanoleuca Blyth.
Diaphoropterus Oberholser, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, p. 214. Type, by original designation, Symmorphus
leucopygus Gould, new name for Symmorphus Gould, 1838, not
Wesmaél, 1833 (Odonata).
Karua Mathews, 1913, Austral Av. Rec., 2, p. 59. Type, by original
designation, Campephaga leucomela Vigors and Horsfield.
Perissolalage Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 54, p. 182.
Type, by monotype, Perissolalage chalepa Oberholser = Lalage
sueurtt sueurid Vieillot.
Oscarornis Mathews, 1928, Novit. Zool., 34, p. 372. Type, by
original designation, Lalage sharpei Rothschild.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE ee
cf. Mayr, 1940, Emu, 40, p. 111-117 (Australia).
— and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1116, p. 1-18.
— and Delacour, 1946, Birds Philippines, p. 166-167.
—, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1707, p. 7-9 (North Me-
lanesia).
LALAGE MELANOLEUCA
Lalage melanoleuca melanoleuca (Blyth)
Pseudolalage melanoleuca Blyth, 1861, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
30, p. 97 — Luzon.
Philippine Islands: Luzén, Mindoro.
Lalage melanoleuca minor (Steere)
Pseudolalage minor Steere, 1890, List Birds Mamm. Steere Exped.,
p. 15 — Mindanao. Type in British Museum from Ayala, Min-
danao. cf. Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philippine Islands, 2, p. 368.
Philippine Islands: Samar, Leyte, Mindanao.
LALAGE NIGRA
Lalage nigra davisoni Kloss
Lalage nigra davisoni Kloss, 1926, Journ. Malay Branch Roy.
Asiat. Soc., 4, p. 159 — Nicobar Islands.
Nicobar Islands.
Lalage nigra nigra (Forster)
Turdus niger Forster, 1781, Indian Zool., p. 41 — East Indies;
restricted to Singapore by Bangs, 1922, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
65, p. 80.1
Turdus Dominicus P. L. 8. Miller, 1776, Natursyst., suppl., p. 145
— Santo Domingo, error = East Indies. Apparently based on
Daubenton, Pl. enlum., pl. 273, fig. 2. Not T’urdus dominicus
Linnaeus, 1766.
Turdus Terat Boddaert, 1783, Table Pl. enlum., p. 17, ex Dau-
benton, Pl. enlum., pl. 273, fig. 2.
Lalage nigra empheris Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60,
no. 7, p. 15 — Telok Bluku, Nias Island.
Lalage nigra brunnescens Stuart Baker, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
44, p. 13 — Klang, Malay Peninsula.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java (except eastern), Nias, Kari-
mundjawa Islands.
1 According to Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 520, the type probably came
from Manila and Lalage nigra striga Horsfield, t.1. West Java, would be
the available name for this form.
14
198 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Lalage nigra chilensis (Meyen)
Ceblepyris chilensis Meyen, 1834, Verh. K. Leop. Carol Akad.
Naturf., 16, p. 74 — Chile or Peru; error, the type in the Berlin
Museum is from Manila, fide Stresemann, 1930, Orn. Monatsb.,
38, poe
Lalage niger mitifica Bangs, 1922, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65,
p. 80 — Lubang Island, near Luzon.
Borneo (and Islands), and throughout the Philippines.
Lalage nigra leucopygialis Walden
Lalage leucopygialis Walden, 1872, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 8,
p. 69, pl. 8, fig. 2 — Menado, Celebes.
Celebes, Peling, Banggai, Muna, Sula Islands (Taliabu).
LALAGE SUEURII
White-winged Triller
Lalage sueurii sueurii (Vieillot)
Turdus Suerw [sic]* Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 20,
p- 270 — New Holland, error = Timor; see Mathews, 1914,
Austral Av. Rec., 2, p. 104.
Ceblepyris timorensis Miller, 1843, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl.,
Land-en Volkenk., pt. 6, p. 90 — Timor.
Lalage Riedelii Meyer, 1884, (Sitzungsb.) Abh. naturwiss. Ges. Isis,
Dresden, p. 29 — Kisser Island.
Lalage timoriensis var. celebensis Meyer, 1884, (Sitzungsb.) Abh.
naturwiss. Ges. Isis, Dresden, p. 30 — Celebes.
Perissolalage chalepa Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 54,
p- 182 — Solombo Besar Island, Java Sea.
Eastern Java (?overlapping with L.n. nigra), Lesser Sunda Islands
from Bali to Timor, Kisar, and Sermatta; southernmost Celebes
(Makassar, Lompo Batang) and Islands of Celebes Sea (Tukangbesi,
Buton, Djampea, Salayer).
Lalage sueurii tricolor (Swainson)
Ceblepyris tricolor Swainson, 1825, Zool. Journ., 1, p. 467 —“‘Aus-
tralia’’; restricted to Sydney, New South Wales, by Mathews,
1930, Syn. Av. Austral., p. 546.
1 According to Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 520, the type of nigra Forster,
1781, probably came from Manila.
2 The type of Lalage schisticeps Neumann, 1919, Journ. f. Orn., 67, p. 333
Culion Island, Philippines, is an artifact with body of Lalage nigra and head
of Pericrocotus divaricatus from Shantung, China, see Stresemann, 1922, Orn.
Monatsb., 30, p. 88.
3 Clearly a misprint for swewr; Vieillot gives the vernacular name as
“le Merle Lesueur’’, and states that the bird was brought back by M. Lesueur.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 199
Lalage tricolor indistincta Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 328
—Wyndham, North-west Australia.
Karua leucomela mayi Ashby, 1914, South Austral. Orn., 1, pt. 4,
p. 27 — Pine Creek, Northern Territory.
Drier regions of Australia. Partial migrant to northern Australia
and southeast New Guinea.
LALAGE AUREA
Lalage aurea (Temminck)
Ceblepyris aureus 'Temminck, 1827, Pl. Col., pl. 382 — Timor,
error = Ternate; see Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 11.
Northern Moluccas: Obi, Batjan, Halmahera, Ternate and Mo-
rotai.
LALAGE ATROVIRENS
Lalage atrovirens moesta Sclater
Lalage moesta Sclater, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 55 —
Tanimbar.
Tanimbar Islands.
Lalage atrovirens atrovirens (Gray)
Campephaga (Lalage) atrovirens G. R. Gray, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soe.
London (1861), p. 430 — Mysol.
West Papuan Islands: Misol, Salawati, Waigeu; northern New
Guinea from the west coast of the Vogelkop east to Astrolabe Bay
and Ramu River.
Lalage atrovirens leucoptera (Schlegel)
Campephaga leucoptera Schlegel, 1871, Neder].Tijdschr. Dierk., 4,
(1873), p. 45 — Misori Island (Soek).
Biak Island, Geelvink Bay.
LALAGE LEUCOMELA
Lalage leucomela keyensis Rothschild and Hartert
Lalage karu keyensis Rothschild and Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 37, p. 17 — Tual, Little Key.
Kei (Ewab) Islands: Great and Little Kei.
Lalage leucomela rufiventer (Gray)
Campephaga (rufiventris) Gray, 1846, Gen. Birds, 1, p. 283 (ex
Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud, Ois., pl. 11, fig. 1) —
Raffles Bay, Northern Territory.
Lalage leucomela gouldi Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p.329—
Alligator River, Northern Territory.
Melville Island and adjoining coast of Northern Territory.
14*
200 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Lalage leucomela leucomela (Vigors and Horsfield)
Campephaga Leucomela Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn.
Soe. London, 15, p. 215 — Broad Sound, south Queensland.
Coastal eastern Australia from northern New South Wales (Bel-
lengen River) to the Cooktown district in northern Queensland.
Lalage leucomela yorki Mathews
Lalage leucomela yorki Mathews, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 329 —
Cape York, Queensland.
Lalage leucomela insulicola Todd, 1924, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 37, p. 119 — Friday Island, Torres Straits.
Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland.
Lalage leucomela polygrammica (Gray)
Campephaga polygrammica G. R. Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 179 — Aru Islands.
Lalage karu microrhyncha Ogilvie-Grant, 1915, Ibis, Jubilee Suppl.,
no. 2, p. 118 — Wakatimi, Mimika River.
Aru Islands; eastern New Guinea, westward along the southern
coast to the Mimika River, along the northern coast to the upper
Watut River (Wau).
Lalage leucomela obscurior Rothschild and Hartert
Lalage karu obscurior Rothschild and Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn.
CL., 37, p. 16 — Fergusson Island.
D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago: Fergusson, Goodenough, and Nor-
manby Islands.
Lalage leucomela trobriandi Mayr
Lalage karu trobriandi Mayr, 1936, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 869,
p. 1 — Kiriwina Island, Trobriand Islands.
Trobriand Islands: Kiriwina and Kaileuna.
Lalage leucomela pallescens Rothschild and Hartert
Lalage karu pallescens Rothschild and Hartert, 1917, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 37, p. 17 — Sudest.
Louisiade Archipelago: Misima (St. Aignan) and Tagula (Sudest).
Lalage leucomela falsa Hartert
Lalage karu falsa Hartert, 1925, Novit. Zool., 32, p. 131 — Duke
of York Islands.
Rook Island, New Britain, and Duke of York Islands.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 201
Lalage leucomela karu (Lesson and Garnot)
Lanius karu Lesson and Garnot, 1827, Voy. ‘Coquille’, Zool. Atlas,
pl. 12 — Port Praslin, New Ireland.
New Ireland.
Lalage leucomela albidior Hartert
Lalage karu albidior Hartert, 1924, Novit. Zool., 31, p. 208 —
New Hanover.
New Hanover.
Lalage leucomela ottomeyeri Stresemann
Lalage karu ottomeyeri Stresemann, 1933, Orn. Monatsb., 41, p.114.
— Lihir.
Lihir Island, Lihir group.
Lalage leucomela tabarensis Mayr
Lalage leucomela tabarensis Mayr, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.
1707, p. 9 — Tabar Island, Tabar group.
Tabar Island, Tabar group.
Lalage leucomela conjuncta Rothschild and Hartert
Lalage conjuncta Rothschild and Hartert, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 44, p. 51 — St. Matthias Island.
St. Matthias Island (Mussau).
LALAGE MACULOSA
Lalage maculosa ultima Mayr and Ripley
Lalage maculosa ultima Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1116, p. 11 — Efate I., New Hebrides Is.
Central New Hebrides: Efate Island.
Lalage maculosa modesta Mayr and Ripley
Lalage maculosa modesta Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1116, p. 11 — Pauuma I., New Hebrides Is.
Northern and Central New Hebrides: Espiritu Santo, Malo,
Pauuma, and Epi.
Lalage maculosa melanopygia Mayr and Ripley
Lalage maculosa melanopygia Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1116, p. 11 — Utupua I., Santa Cruz group.
Santa Cruz group: Utupua Island and Ndeni (Santa Cruz) (?sub-
species).
202 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Lalage maculosa vanikorensis Mayr and Ripley
Lalage maculosa vanikorensis Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1116, p. 10 — Vanikoro I., Santa Cruz group.
Santa Cruz group: Vanikoro Island.
Lalage maculosa soror Mayr and Ripley
Lalage maculosa soror Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1116, p. 10 — Kandavu Island, Fiji Is.
Fiji Islands: Kandavu Island.
Lalage maculosa pumila Neumann
Lalage nigra pumila Neumann, 1927, Orn. Monatsb., 35, p. 19 —
Viti Levu, Fiji Is.
Fiji Islands: Viti Levu Island.
Lalage maculosa mixta Mayr and Ripley
Lalage maculosa mixta Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1116, p. 9 — Ovalau I.
Ovalau and (subsp.?) Mathuata, Yandua, Naviti, Mathathoni
Levu, and Yasawa Islands, central and northwestern Fiji group.
Lalage maculosa woodi Wetmore
Lalage woodi Wetmore, 1925, Ibis, p. 845, pl. xxvi — Taveuni
Island, Fiji.
Kastern group of the main Fiji Islands: Ngamea, Taveuni, Kioa,
and Vanua Levu.
Lalage maculosa rotumae Neumann
Lalage nigra rotumae Neumann, 1927, Orn. Monatsb., 35, p. 19 —
Rotuma Island.
Rotumah Island (north of the Fiji group).
Lalage maculosa nesophila Mayr and Ripley
Lalage maculosa nesophila Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1116, p. 8 — Ongea Levu I., Fiji Is.
Lau Archipelago (Ono Ilau, Turtle, Ongea Levu, Fulanga, Yan-
gasa Cluster, Marambo, Kambara, Wangava, Tavunasithi, Namuka
Tlau, Mothe, Olorua, Oneata, Aiwa, Lakemba, Matuku, Vatu Vara,
and Yathata), Fiji Islands.
Laiage maculosa tabuensis Mayr and Ripley!
Lalage maculosa tabuensis Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1116, p. 7 — Tongatabu I., Tonga Is.
1 According to Stresemann, 1950, Auk, p. 73, 86, this form had been
described by Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 309, as L. natka, supposedly
from ‘“‘Natka Sound’’, N. America. Final decision rests with the International
Commission. T'urdus pacificus Gmelin, 1789 is unidentifiable. E. M.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 203
Tonga Islands, except Vavau group; Tongatabu, Eua and Haapai
group (Kelefesia, Tonumeia, Telekitonga, Mango, Namuka, Tofua,
Kao, Fotuhaa, Haafeva, Tongua, Uanukuhahaki, Oua, Uoleva,
Lefuka and Foa).
Lalage maculosa vauana Mayr and Ripley
Lalage maculosa vauana Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1116, p. 7 — Vavau I., Tonga Is.
Ovaka, Vavau, Kapa, Euakapa, and Late (Vavau group), Tonga
Islands.
Lalage maculosa keppeli Mayr and Ripley
Lalage maculosa keppeli Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1116, p. 6 — Keppel I.
Keppel (Niuatobutabu) Island and Boscawen (Iafahi) Island.
Lalage maculosa futunae Mayr and Ripley
Lalage maculosa futunae Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1116, p. 6 — Futuna [.
Futuna Island, Horne Islands.
Lalage maculosa whitmeei Sharpe
Lalage whitmeet Sharpe, 1878, Mitt. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 1
p. 371 — Savage I.
Savage (Niue) Island.
Lalage maculosa maculosa (Peale)
Colluricincla maculosa Peale, 1848, U. S. Expl. Exped., Birds,
p. 81 — Samoa and Fiji; restricted to Upolu, Samoa, by Wet-
more, 1925, Ibis, p. 847.
Samoa: Upolu and Savaii Islands.
LALAGE SHARPEI
Lalage sharpei sharpei Rothschild
Lalage sharpet Rothschild, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. 40 —
Upolu Island, Samoa Group.
Samoa: Upolu Island.
Lalage sharpei tenebrosa Mayr and Ripley
Lalage sharper tenebrosa Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1116, p. 12 — Savaii I., Samoa Group.
Samoa: Savaii Island.
204 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
LALAGE LEUCOPYGA
Lalage leucopyga affinis (Tristram)
Symmorphus (Lalage) affinis Tristram, 1879, Ibis, p. 440 — Ma-
kira Harbour, San Cristoval I.
Solomon Islands: San Cristobal and Ugi.
Lalage leucopyga deficiens Mayr and Ripley
Lalage leucopyga deficiens Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1116, p. 17 — Lo L., Torres Is.
Torres and Banks Islands.
Lalage leucopyga albiloris Mayr and Ripley
Lalage leucopyga albiloris Mayr and Ripley, 1941, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1116, p. 16 — Efate I., New Hebrides.
Central and northern New Hebrides: Efate, Lelepa, Mai, Tongoa,
Epi, Lopevi, Pauuma, Ambrim, Malekula, Malo, and Espiritu Santo
Islands.
Lalage leucopyga simillima (Sarasin)
Diaphoropterus naevius simillimus Sarasin, 1913, Vog. Neu Caled.
Loyalty Ins., p. 28, pl. 2, fig. 10 — Loyalty Is.
Loyalty Islands and (subsp.) southern New Hebrides (Erromango,
Tanna, Aneiteum).
Lalage leucopyga montrosieri Verreaux and des Murs
Lalage Montrosieri Verreaux and des Murs, 1860, Rev. Mag. Zool.
(Paris), ser. 2, 12, p. 431 — New Caledonia.
Muscicapa naevia Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 944 —
New Caledonia. Preoccupied by Muscicapa naevia Boddaert,
1783, p. 34.
New Caledonia.
Lalage leucopyga leucopyga (Gould)
Symmorphus leucopygus Gould, 1838, Syn. Birds Austral., pt. 4,
App., p. 3 — ‘“New South Wales’’, error for Norfolk I.
Norfolk Island.
Genus CAMPEPHAGA! VIEILLOT
Campephaga Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 39, 69. Type, by mono-
typy, ‘“‘Echenilleur noir” of Levaillant = Campephaga flava
Vieillot.
Lobotos Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 54, fig. 12, generic
details only; species added by Hartlaub, 1854, Journ. f. Orn.,
2, p. 31. Type, by monotypy, Lobotos temminckii Reichenbach
= Ceblepyris lobatus Temminck.
1 Sometimes emended to Campophaga.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 205
cf. Bannerman, 1939, Birds Trop. West Africa, 5, p. 304-311,
319-321; 1951, 8, p. 450.
Chapin, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75A, p. 193-203.
Jackson and Sclater, 1938, Birds Kenya Col. and Uganda Prot.,
3, p. 1164-1168.
Neumann, 1916, Journ. f. Orn., 64, p. 146-154.
Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Ethiop., pt. 2, p. 589-591.
CAMPEPHAGA PHOENICEA
Campephaga phoenicea phoenicea (Latham)
Ampelis phoenicea Latham, 1790, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 367 — Africa
= Gambia.
Lanicterus xanthornoides Lesson, 1838, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (2),
9, p. 169 — Gambia (orange shouldered variation).
Campephaga ignea Reichenow, 1902, Journ. f. Orn., 50, p. 258 —
Njangabo, Equatorial Africa.?
Campephaga rothschildi Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55, p. 594
— Gmezo, Boranaland = near Sagan River, Borama, southern
Ethiopia.
Senegal, French Sudan (Kulikoro), northern Belgian Congo,
French Equatorial Africa (Tengelin; Damraou), Eritrea and Abys-
sinia, south to the northern shores of the Gulf of Guinea, eastern
Cameroons, northern Uganda, and western Kenya.
Campephaga phoenicea petiti (Oustalet)
Campophaga Petiti Oustalet, 1884, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (6), 17,
art. 8, p. | — Landana.
Campephaga purpurascens Reichenow, 1903, Vog. Afr., 2, p. 520
— Malange, Angola.
Eastern Nigeria (British Cameroons); eastern Congo forests west
of Lake Kivu and Lake Albert to Uganda and western Kenya
(Kakamega), southward locally through Cameroons, Gaboon and
the lower Congo basin to northern Angola.
Campephaga phoenicea flava Vieillot®
Campephaga flava Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, p. 49.
Ex Levaillant, Ois. Afrique, pl. 164 = 9.
1 This locality lies in northeastern Belgian Congo west of Lake Albert.
2 Chapin, 1953, p. 201, found this form occupying highland forest in the
eastern part of its range; phoenicea occupied lower grasslands. Ranges appear
to overlap and perhaps petiti is a distinct species.
3 The older name Cuculus sulphuratus Lichtenstein, 1793, Cat. Rev. Nat.
rarissim., 15, was suppressed by action of the Intern. Comm. of Zool.
Nomencl., and placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific
Names in Zoology, under the Number 275 (Opinion 407, 1956).
206 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Campephaga nigra Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 10, p. 50.
Ex Levaillant, Ois. Afrique, pl. 165 = g.
Lanicterus hartlaubii Salvadori, 1873, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 4,
p. 439 — no locality = yellow shouldered variation.
Africa from Angola and Ngamiland on the west, and from
Uganda, Kenya, southern Ethiopia (Lake Stefanie) and southern
Somaliland on the east, southward through eastern and southern
Belgian Congo and Tanganyika to Cape Province.
CAMPEPHAGA QUISCALINA
Campephaga quiscalina quiscalina Finsch
Campephaga quiscalina Finsch, 1869, in Sharpe, Ibis, p. 189 —
vicinity of Cape-Coast Castle, 7. e. Fanti country, Gold Coast.
Campephaga preussi Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 40 —
Victoria, Cameroons.
West Africa from French Guinea to Cameroons, thence south and
southeast to northern Angola, the Katanga, and Northern Rhodesia
(Mwinilunga District).
Campephaga quiscalina martini (Jackson)
Campophaga martini Jackson, 1912, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, p. 18
— Ravine and Nandi, Kenya.
Campephaga théliei Schouteden, 1914, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 3,
p. 266 — Kilo, Ituri District, Belgian Congo.
Campephaga confusa Madarasz, 1915, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici,
13, p. 394 — Ngare-Dowash [east of Lake Victoria, Kenya].
Eastern forests of the Belgian Congo from the Uelle south to the
Katanga and east through Uganda to central Kenya (to Mt. Kenya,
Nairobi, and the Amala River east of Lake Victoria).
Campephaga quiscalina miinzneri Reichenow
Campephaga quiscalina miinzneri Reichenow, 1915, Orn. Monatsb.,
23, p. 91 — Mahenge, Tanganyika.
Highland forest in central Tanganyika in the Mbulu Morogoro
and Mahenge districts.
CAMPEPHAGA LOBATA?
Campephaga lobata lobata (Temminck)
Ceblepyris lobatus Temminck, 1824, Pl. col., livr. 47, pls. 279, 280
— Sierra Leone; error = Gold Coast, by designation of Banner-
man, 1939.
Confined to the Gold Coast (Ghana).
1 This locality lies in the extreme southeast of what is now Eastern
Nigeria.
2 This species does not seem to differ sufficiently from the other species
of Campephaga to justify recognition of the monotypic genus Lobotos.
FAMLY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 207
Campephaga lobata oriolina (Bates)
Lobotus oriolinus Bates, 1909, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 25, p. 14 —
Assobam, River Bumba, Cameroons.
Southern Cameroons and Gaboon, reappearing in forests of the
eastern Congo in the Ituri district and regions west of Lake Albert,
Lake Edward and northwest of Lake Tanganyika.
GENUS PERICROCOTUS Bortz
Pericrocotus Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, 2, (10), col. 972. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Muscicapa miniata Tem-
minck.
cf. Stresemann, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 15, p. 635-644.
Snouckaert van Schauburg, 1930, Treubia, 11, p. 309-312 (races
of cinnamomeus).
Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.,
36, p. 340-345.
Mayr, 1940, Ibis, p. 712-722 (races of ethologus and brevirostris).
Deignan, 1946, Auk, 63, p. 511-533 (races of flammeus).
Deignan, 1947, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 37, p. 254-256
(races of cinnamomeus, in part, sub nom. peregrinus).
Hall, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 73, p. 63-65.
PERICROCOTUS ROSEUS
Pericrocotus roseus cantonensis Swinhoe
Pericrocotus cantonensis Swinhoe, 1861, Ibis, p. 42 — Canton,
China.
[ Pericrocotus| immodestus Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 174,
177 — Mergui District, Tenasserim Division, Burma.
Breeds in the maritime provinces of China from Kiangsu to eastern
Kwangtung and along the Yangtze from its mouth to the Red Basin
of Szechwan. On migration or in winter in Yunnan, all Indochina,
Thailand (south to Trang Province), and southern Tenasserim.
?Pericrocotus roseus stanfordi Vaughan and Jones
Pericrocotus stanfordi Vaughan and Jones, 1913, Ibis, p. 383 —
Samshui, Kwangtung, China.
An unstable population intermediate between cantonensis and
roseus, breeding along the West River of central Kwangtung (Can-
ton to Takhing). On migration or in winter in eastern Thailand and
southern Laos.
Pericrocotus roseus roseus (Vieillot)
Muscicapa rosea Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
21, p. 486 — Bengal.
208 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
P{ericrocotus] intensior Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 185 —
Tenasserim; specimens from Mergui District, fide Hume, in
Armstrong, 1876, ibid., 4, p. 317.
Breeds in western Kwangtung, Kwangsi, northern Tonkin,
Yunnan, southeastern Hsikang, the Shan States and northern
Burma, Assam, and along the Himalayas to Afghanistan, with
isolated populations reported in the hill tracts of southern India
south to Kerala. On migration or in winter in Thailand (south to
Phuket Island), southern Burma to the Isthmus of Kra, and over
the plains of northern India.
PERICROCOTUS DIVARICATUS!
Ashy Minivet
Pericrocotus divaricatus divaricatus (Raffles)
Lanius divaricatus Raffles, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13,
p- 305 — Singapore.
gies cinereus Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 8, p. 94
— Luzon.
Pericrocotus japonicus Stejneger, 1887, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 9,
p. 649 — Amazgi San [lat. 34° 52’ N., long. 139° 00’ E.], Shizuoka,
Hondo, Japan.
Pericrocotus cinereus intermedius Clark, 1907, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 32, p. 474 — Seoul, Korea.
Breeds in Amurland, Manchuria, Korea, central Japan (Hondo),
and Formosa. On migration or in winter in the southern Japanese
islands, Formosa, Yonakuni and the Pescadores, the maritime pro-
vinces of China from Hopeh to Kwangtung, southeastern Yunnan,
all Indochina, Thailand (mainly south), southern Tenasserim, coasts
and islets of Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo, Palawan, and the
Philippine Archipelago.
Pericrocotus divaricatus tegimae Stejneger
Pericrocotus tegimae Stejneger, 1887, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9,
p. 648 — Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands.
Resident on islands south of Kyushu and on the larger Ryukyu
Islands.
PERICROCOTUS CINNAMOMEUS?
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus malabaricus (Gmelin)
[Parus|] malabaricus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 1012 —
Malabar Coast, ex Sonnerat; type locality here restricted to
Mahé.
1 Some consider P. divaricatus a subspecies of P. roseus, but I prefer to
treat the two as together comprising a superspecies.
2 Previous writers have treated P.cinnamomeus and P.igneus as two
closely allied, but distinct, species. Where representatives of the two groups
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 209
Windward slopes of the Western Ghats of India from Kerala
northward to Belgaum.
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus! (Linnaeus)
[Motacilla] cinnamomea Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1,
p. 335 — Ceylon.
Pericrocotus peregrinus ceylonensis Whistler and Kinnear, 1933,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 344 — Cocawatte,
Ceylon.
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus sidhoutensis Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 52, p. 69 — Sidhaut, Cuddapah District, Madras.
Pericrocotus peregrinus dharmakumari Koelz, 1950, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1452, p.6— Jamwala, Junagarh, Kathiawar Pe-
ninsula.
Ceylon; peninsular India (except the area occupied by malaba-
ricus) northward to Saurashtra and southern Rajasthan, southern
Madhya Pradesh, and southern Orissa.
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus pallidus Stuart Baker
Pericrocotus peregrinus pallidus Stuart Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 40, p. 115 — Larkana, Sind, West Pakistan.
West Pakistan (valley of the Indus from Kutch to the Punjab).
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus peregrinus (Linnaeus)
[Parus] peregrinus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 342 —
no locality; Ambala, Punjab, India, designated by Stuart
Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, p. 114.
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus iredalei Stuart Baker, 1929, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 49, p. 64 — Ambala, Punjab.
Pericrocotus peregrinus galbinus Van Tyne and Koelz, 1936, Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 334, p. 4— Bhadwar,
2,000 feet, Kangra District, Punjab.
Northern India from the Punjab eastward along the Himalayas
to Bihar, southward to northern Madhya Pradesh and northern
Orissa.
meet, at the Isthmus of Kra, I find no evidence for true sympatry: separatus
seems to be restricted to the mangrove association, while igneuws, when found
in coastal districts, is a bird of the casuarinas that line the sandy beaches.
Moreover, a unique specimen from the Siamese province of Prachuap Khiri
Khan, collected at lat. 11° 50’ N. and below referred to sacerdos, appears to
belong to a population intermediate between igneus and vividus.
1 Stresemann, 1923, Orn. Monatsb., 31, p. 40-41, shows that cinnamomeus
has page priority over peregrinus. While page precedence has no validity
in modern nomenclature, I agree with the opinion expressed to me, in epistola,
by the late J. L. Peters, that cinnamomeus, accompanied by a good des-
cription of the male and a type locality, should be adopted as name of the
species.
210 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus vividus Stuart Baker
Perecrocotus [sic] peregrinus vividus Stuart Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 40, p. 114 — Ataran River, Amherst District, Tenas-
serim; type locality restricted to Pabyouk, by Deignan, 1948,
Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 37, p. 255.
Eastern India and East Pakistan from Bengal (vicinity of Cal-
cutta) and Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) southeastward across
western and southern Burma to central Tenasserim (Tavoy District) ;
southwestern and central Thailand; Andaman Islands.
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus thai Deignan
Pericrocotus peregrinus thai Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 37, p. 254 — Amphoe Chom Thong = Ban Luang
[lat. 18° 25’ N., long. 98° 40’ E.], Thailand.
Shan States of Burma (excepting Kengtung), northern Thailand
(excepting Chiang Rai Province), and Laos (Tranninh Plateau),
southward on both sides of the Mekong to lat. 15° N. (Nakhon
Ratchasima and Ubon Provinces, Plateau des Bolovens).
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus sacerdos Riley
Pericrocotus peregrinus sacerdos Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 53, p. 131 — Phum Sambor [lat. 12° 53’ N., long.
105° 04’ E.], Cambodia.
Cambodia, southern Annam, and Cochin China; a bird from
southwestern Thailand (Prachaup Khiri Khan Province) seems to
be referable here.
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus separatus Deignan
Pericrocotus peregrinus separatus Deignan, 1947, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 37, p. 255 — Tanjong Badak, Mergui District,
Tenasserim.
Burma (coasts and islands of the Mergui District of Tenasserim)
and Thailand (coasts and islands of the western side of the Malay
Peninsula from the Pak Chan Estuary to the Takua Pa Inlet).
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus saturatus Stuart Baker
Pericrocotus peregrinus saturatus Stuart Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 40, p. 115 — western Java.
Java and Bali.
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus igneus Blyth
Plericrocotus| igneus Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p. 309 — Malacca.
Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra southward to Singa-
pore; Sumatra; Billiton; Borneo; Palawan.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 211
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus trophis Oberholser
Pericrocotus igneus trophis Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
60, No.7, p. 14 — Simalur Island.
Simalur Island.
PERICROCOTUS LANSBERGET?
Pericrocotus lansbergei Biittikofer
Pericrocotus Lansbergei Biittikofer, 1886, Notes Leyden Mus., 8,
no. 3 p. 155, pl. 6 — Bima, Sumbawa Island.
Sumbawa and Flores Islands.
PERICROCOTUS ERYTHROPYGIUS
Pericrocotus erythropygius erythropygius (Jerdon)
M{[uscicapa] erythropygia Jerdon, 1840, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci.,
11, p.17— Ajanta Hills, Aurangabad District, Hyderabad,
India.
West Pakistan (Sind); the drier parts of peninsular India from
Kutch and western Bihar southward to the Palni Hills.
Pericrocotus erythropygius albifrons Jerdon
Pericrocotus albifrons Jerdon, 1862, Ibis, p. 20 — Thayetmyo,
Upper Burma.
The dry zone of central Burma.
PERICROCOTUS SOLARIS
Pericrocotus solaris solaris Blyth
P{ericrocotus| solaris Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15,
p- 310 — Darjeeling, Bengal.
Along the Himalayas from Nepal to eastern Assam and south-
ward through the hill tracts of Assam, Manipur, and northern and
western Burma to Pegu.
Pericrocotus solaris rubro-limbatus Salvadori
Pericrocotus rubro-limbatus Salvadori, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, (2), 5, p. 515, 582 — Mulayit Taung, Amherst District,
Tenasserim.
The Southern Shan and Karenni States, the northern half of
Tenasserim, and northern Thailand.
1 Pericrocotus lansbergei with P.cinnamomeus together comprise a super-
species.
212 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pericrocotus solaris montpellieri La Touche
Pericrocotus montpellieri La Touche, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
42, p. 125 — Yangtze Big Bend and “‘Chukung to Yangpi’,
Yunnan.
Northwestern and central Yunnan.
Pericrocotus solaris griseogularis Gould
Pericrocotus griseogularis Gould, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1862), p. 282 — Formosa.
Pericrocotus solaris mandarinus Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f. Orn.,
71, p. 363 — Lung-tau-shan, Kwangtung, China.
Formosa; the hill tracts of Fukien and Kwangtung; southeastern
Yunnan, Tonkin, the eastern regions of northern Laos, and the
northern half of Annam.
Pericrocotus solaris deignani Riley
Pericrocotus solaris deignani Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 52, p. 47 — Peaks of Lang Bian, southern Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).
Pericrocotus solaris nassovicus Deignan
Pericrocotus solaris nassovicus Deignan, 1938, Auk, 55, p. 509 —
Khao Kuap [lat. 12° 25’ N., long. 102° 50’ E.], Thailand.
Mountains of southeastern Thailand and western Cambodia
(Chaine de |’Eléphant).
Pericrocotus solaris montanus Salvadori
Pericrocotus montanus Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
14, p. 205 — Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24’ S., long. 100° 20’ E.],
Sumatra.
Pericrocotus wrayi Sharpe, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 269,
pl. 15 — Batang Padang Mountains, Perak, Malaya.
Pericrocotus croceus Sharpe, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 269
—Gunong Batu Puteh, Perak, Malaya.
Mountains of Malaya and the highlands of western Sumatra.
Pericrocotus solaris cinereigula Sharpe
Pericrocotus cinereigula Sharpe, 1889, Ibis, p. 192 — Kina Balu,
North Borneo.
Highlands of northern Borneo.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 213
PERICROCOTUS ETHOLOGUS
Pericrocotus ethologus favillaceus Bangs and Phillips
Perierocotus [sic] brevirostris flavillaceus' [sic] Bangs and Phillips,
1914, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 58, p.283— Kulu Valley,
Kangra, East Punjab, India.
Breeds in eastern Afghanistan, Kashmir, and the western Hima-
layas to central Nepal. On migration or in winter southward over
the Indian plains to Sind, Rajasthan, and Vindhya Pradesh.
Pericrocotus ethologus laetus Mayr
Pericrocotus ethologus laetus Mayr, 1940, Ibis, p. 717 — Jeyluk,
Sikkim.
Eastern Nepal, Sikkim, Bengal, and western Assam (Khasi Hills).
Pericrocotus ethologus ethologus Bangs and Phillips
Pericrocotus brevirostris ethologus Bangs and Phillips, 1914, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 58, p. 282 — Hsien Shan, Hupeh Province,
China.
Pericrocotus brevirostris styani Stuart Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 40, p. 117 — Szechwan Province, China.
Breeds in northeastern Assam, Hsikang, northern Yunnan,
Szechwan, Kansu, Shensi, Hupeh, Hopeh, and Manchuria. On mi-
gration or in winter southward to Pegu, northern Thailand, northern
Laos, and Tonkin.
Pericrocotus ethologus yvettae Bangs
Pericrocotus yvettae Bangs, 1921, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
44, p. 583 — Ma-li-pa, Kokang State, Burmese Wa States.
Northeastern Burma, the Northern Shan State, and central Yun-
nan (west of the Salween).
Pericrocotus ethologus mariae Ripley
Pericrocotus ethologus mariae Ripley, 1952 (Apr.), Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 50, p. 486 — Phek, Naga Hills, Assam.
Pericrocotus brevirostris aureus Koelz, 1952 (June), Journ. Zool.
Soc. India, 4, p. 42 — Hmuntha, Lushai Hills, Assam.
Eastern Assam (Naga Hills, Manipur, and Lushai Hills) and
western Burma (Chin Hills).
Pericrocotus ethologus ripponi Stuart Baker
Pericrocotus solaris ripponi Stuart Baker, 1924, Fauna Brit. India,
Birds, ed. 2, 2, p. 327 — East of Fort Stedman, Southern Shan
States, Burma.
1 Spelling corrected to favillaceus by Bangs, 1921, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 44, p. 584.
15
214 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pericrocotus ethologus cryptus Mayr, 1940, Ibis, p. 719 — Doi Pha
Hom Pok [lat. 20° 05’ N., long. 99° 10’ E.], Thailand.
Eastern Burma (Southern Shan and Karenni States) and north-
western Thailand.
Pericrocotus ethologus annamensis Robinson and Kloss
Pericrocotus brevirostris annamensis Robinson and Kloss, 1923,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, p. 119 — Dalat, 5,000 feet, Lang Bian
Plateau, Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).
PERICROCOTUS BREVIROSTRIS
Pericrocotus brevirostris brevirostris (Vigors)
Muscipeta brevirostris Vigors, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 1, (1830-31), p. 43 — Himalayas; type locality restricted
to Mussoorie, by Stuart Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40,
p. 116, and corrected to “probably Sikkim foothills”, by Mayr,
1940, Ibis, p. 720.
Pericrocotus brevirostris sanguineus Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc.
India, 4, p. 42 — Shillong Peak, Khasi Hills, Assam.
Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Bengal, and western Assam (Garo and
Khasi Hills).
Pericrocotus brevirostris affinis (McClelland)
Phoenicornis affinis McClelland, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 7, (1839), p. 157 — Assam; type locality restricted to Sadiya,
by Mayr, 1940, Ibis, p. 720.
Assam (Mishmi and Naga Hills, Manipur, Lushai Hills), western
and northern Burma, and western Yunnan.
Pericrocotus brevirostris neglectus Hume
Pericrocotus neglectus Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 171, 189
— Mulayit Taung and Mitan, Amherst District, Tenasserim.
Pericrocotus pulcherrimus Salvadori, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
(2), 5, p. 515, 580 — Mulayit Taung, Amherst District, Tenas-
serim.
Northern Laos, northern Thailand, Karenni State, and the
northern half of Tenasserim.
Pericrocotus brevirostris anthoides Stresemann
Pericrocotus brevirostris anthoides Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f. Orn.,
71, p. 363 — “Drachenkopf”, Kwangtung Province, China.
Pericrocotus brevirostris tonkinensis Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 47, p. 156 — Bac Kan [lat. 22° 08’ N., long. 105° 50’E.],
Tonkin.
Tonkin, southeastern Yunnan, and Kwangtung.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 215
PERICROCOTUS MINIATUS
Pericrocotus miniatus (Temminck)
Muscicapa miniata Temminck, 1822, Pl. col., livr. 26, pl. 156 —
Java.
Pericrocotus miniatus dammermani Neumann, 1937, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 57, p.152—Gunong Dempu [lat. 4°01’S., long.
103° 07’ E.], Sumatra.
Highlands of western Sumatra and the mountains of Java.
PERICROCOTUS FLAMMEUS
Pericrocotus flammeus flammeus (Forster)
Muscicapa flammea Forster, 1781, Zool. Indica, p. 25, pl. 15 —
no locality given = Ceylon; cf. Whistler and Kinnear, 1933,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 341, footnote.
Ceylon; peninsular India from Cape Comorin northward along the
Western Ghats to Khandala, along the Eastern Ghats to Chittur.
Pericrocotus flammeus siebersi Rensch
Pericrocotus speciosus siebersi Rensch, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36,
p- 47 — Mount Gedeh, western Java.
Java and Bali.
Pericrocotus flammeus exul Wallace
Pericrocotus exul Wallace, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1863),
p. 492 — Lombok Island.
Lombok Island.
Pericrocotus flammeus andamanensis Beavan
Pericrocotus andamanensis ‘““Tytler’”’ Beavan, 1867, Ibis, p. 322 —
Andaman Islands.
Andaman Islands.
Pericrocotus flammeus minythomelas Oberholser
Pericrocotus andamanensis minythomelas Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 60, no. 7, p. 14 — Simalur Island.
Simalur Island.
Pericrocotus flammeus modiglianii Salvadori
Pericrocotus modiglianii Salvadori, 1892, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
(2), 12, p. 130 — Enggano Island.
Enggano Island.
15*
216 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pericrocotus flammeus speciosus (Latham)
[Turdus| speciosus Latham, 1790, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 363 — India;
type locality restricted to “Himalayas”, by Hartert, 1902,
Novit. Zool., 9, p.555, and further restricted to Darjeeling,
by Stuart Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27,
p. 694.
Breeds along the Himalayas from eastern Kashmir eastward to
eastern Assam. On migration or in winter southward over the plains
of northern India.
Pericrocotus flammeus elegans (McClelland)
Phoenicornis elegans McClelland, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 7, (1839), p. 156 — Assam; type locality restricted to “the
neighborhood of Sadiya’”’, by Deignan, 1946, Auk, 63, p. 524,
and corrected to Shillong, by Salim Ali and Ripley, 1948, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 48, p. 19.
Pericrocotus speciosus bakeri La Touche, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
42, p. 54 — Loukouchai and Mengtsz, southeastern Yunnan.
Breeds in Assam (south of the Brahmaputra), northern Burma,
Yunnan, northeastern Laos, Tonkin, northern Annam, and Hainan.
On migration or in winter southward to Karenni State and northern
Thailand.
Pericrocotus flammeus fohkiensis Buturlin
Pericrocotus speciosus fohkiensis Buturlin, 1910, Mess. Orn., 1,
p. 263 — Ashong, Fukien. In Russian.
Pericrocotus speciosus fohkiensis Stuart Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 40, p. 116 —Yamakan, Fukien.
Resident in Fukien. On migration or in winter reported also from
Kwangtung.
Pericrocotus flammeus semiruber Whistler and Kinnear
Pericrocotus speciosus semiruber Whistler and Kinnear, 1933,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, p. 340 — Sankrametta,
3,500 feet, South Visakhapatnam District, Andhra.
Pericrocotus flammeus suchitrae Deignan, 1946, Auk, 63, p. 530 —
Doi Khun Tan [lat. 18° 30‘ N., long. 99° 20’ E.], Thailand.
The Eastern Ghats of India and their outliers from northeastern
Madras to eastern Madhya Pradesh and Orissa; southern Burma,
southward to central Tenasserim (where intergrading with flam-
mifer); Thailand (except the southwestern and peninsular provinces) ;
Indochina (except the area occupied by elegans).
Pericrocotus flammeus flammifer Hume
[Pericrocotus| flammifer Hume, 1875, Stray Feathers, 3, p. 321,
footnote — region of the Pak Chan Estuary, Malay Peninsula
at lat. 10° N.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 217
From central Tenasserim and southwestern Thailand (valley of
the Mae Klong) southward over the Malay Peninsula to the high-
lands of central and eastern Malaya.
Pericrocotus flammeus xanthogaster (Raffles)
Lanius xanthogaster Raffles, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13,
pt. 2, p. 309 — Sumatra.
Malaya (except the area occupied by flammifer) ; Sumatra; Bangka;
Billiton.
Pericrocotus flammeus insulanus Deignan
Pericrocotus flammeus insulanus Deignan, 1946, Auk, 63, p. 528
— Kina Balu, North Borneo.
Borneo.
Pericrocotus flammeus novus McGregor
Pericrocotus novus Wardlaw Ramsay, 1886, Ibis, p. 161 — Isa-
bela Province, Luzén. Nomen nudum.
Pericrocotus novus ‘“‘Wardlaw Ramsay’? McGregor, 1904, Bull.
Philippine Mus., No. 3, p. 138 — Irisan, Luzon.
Philippine Islands: Luzon, Negros.
Pericrocotus flammeus leytensis Steere
Pericrocotus Leytensis Steere, 1890, List Birds Mamm. Steere
Exped., p. 15 — Leyte.
Philippine Islands: Samar, Leyte.
Pericrocotus flammeus johnstoniae Ogilvie-Grant
Pericrocotus johnstoniae Ogilvie-Grant, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
16, p. 18 — Mount Apo, Mindanao.
Philippine Islands: Mindanao.
Pericrocotus flammeus marchesae Guillemard
Pericrocotus marchesae Guillemard, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 259, pl. 18, fig. 1 — Maimbun, Sulu [Jol] Island, Sulu Archi-
pelago.
Philippine Islands: Jold.
GENusS HEMIPUS Hop«eson
Hemipus Hodgson, 1845, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 13, p. 32.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Hemipus picae-
color Hodgson = Muscicapa picata Sykes.
cf. Hall, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 76, p. 63-64.
218 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
HEMIPUS PICATUS
Hemipus picatus capitalis (McClelland)
Muscicapa? capitalis McClelland, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 7 (1839), p. 157 — Assam.
Along the Himalayas from Kumaun to Bhutan; the greater part
of Assam; Burma from the Upper Chindwin southeastward to
Karenni and Southern Shan States; southwestern Yunnan; north-
western Tonkin and northern Laos (north of lat. 20° N.); north-
western Thailand (Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Lam-
phun, southern Lampang, and southern Phrae Provinces).
Hemipus picatus picatus (Sykes)
Muscicapa picata Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 2, p. 85
—The Deccan.
Hemipus picatus pileatus Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
No. 1, p. 15 —Sangau, Lushai Hills, Assam.
Peninsular India from the extreme south, along the Western
Ghats north to Bombay, along the eastern Ghats into Bihar and
Bengal; southern Assam; all Burma, Thailand, and Indochina south
of areas inhabited by capitalis, as far as the Isthmus of Kra.
Hemipus picatus intermedius Salvadori
Hemipus intermedius Salvadori, 1879, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 14,
p. 209 — Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24’S., long. 100° 20’ E.],
Sumatra.
Lowlands of peninsular Thailand southward from the Isthmus of
Kra (except the area occupied by H. hirundinaceus) and of north-
western Malaya; highlands of central Malaya, western Sumatra,
and northeastern Borneo.
Hemipus picatus leggei Whistler
Hemipus picatus leggei Whistler, 1939 (15 May), Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 59, p. 102 — Ohiya, 5,800 feet, Ceylon.
Hemipus picatus insulae Koelz, 1939 (5 June), Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52, p. 69 —Wavenden, Ceylon.
Ceylon.
HEMIPUS HIRUNDINACEUS
Hemipus hirundinaceus (Temminck)
Muscicapa hirundinacea ‘‘Reinw.” Temminck, 1822, Pl. col., livr.
20, pl. 119, figs. 1, 2 — Java.
Hemipus obscurus (Horsf.) of Sharpe’s ‘‘Handlist” is a synonym.
Lowlands of the Malay Peninsula from southern Thailand (Pat-
tani, Yala, and Narathiwat Provinces) to Johore, thence southward
through the Riouw and Lingga Archipelagos to Sumatra (and out-
lying islands), Billiton, Borneo, Java, and Bali.
FAMILY CAMPEPHAGIDAE 219
GENUS TEPHRODORNIS Swatnson
Tephrodornis Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna
Bor.-Amer., 2 (1831), p. 482. Type, by original designation and
monotypy, Lanius virgatus Temminck = Lanius gularis Raffles.
TEPHRODORNIS GULARIS
Tephrodornis gularis sylvicola Jerdon
T{ephrodornis] Sylvicola Jerdon, 1839, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 10,
p- 236 — Malabar Coast of western India.
The Western Ghats country of India from Kerala north to the
Narbada River.
Tephrodornis gularis pelvicus (Hodgson)
[T'’énthaca] Pelvica Hodgson, 1837, India Rev., 1, p. 447 — Nepal.
Along the Himalayas from western Nepal to eastern Assam, south-
ward through Bihar and Bengal to Orissa and Bastar, and across
the northern half of Burma.
Tephrodornis gularis jugans Deignan
Tephrodornis gularis jugans Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 61, p. 13 — Doi Langka = Khao Pha Cho [lat. 19° 00’N.,
long. 99° 25’ E.], Thailand.
The southern half of Burma, southward to the Amherst District
of Tenasserim, and northern Thailand, southwestward to northern
Tak Province.
Tephrodornis gularis vernayi Kinnear
Tephrodornis pelvicus verneyi [sic] Kinnear, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 44, p. 102; adem, 1924, ibid., 45, p. 28 — Ban Um Phang
[lat. 15° 50’ N., long. 98° 50’ E.], Thailand.
The Tavoy District of Tenasserim and southwestern Thailand
from the headwaters of the river Mae Klong southward in the forest
to ca. lat. 11°50’ N.
Tephrodornis gularis annectens Robinson and Kloss
Tephrodornis pelvica subsp. annectens nov. Robinson and Kloss,
1918, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8, p. 222 — Ban Lam Ra
[lat. 7° 40’ N., long. 99° 35’ E.], Thailand.
Tenasserim (Mergui District); peninsular Thailand southward
from the Isthmus of Kra (excepting the area occupied by fretensis) ;
the Malay States of Perlis and Kedah.
Tephrodornis gularis fretensis Robinson and Kloss
Tephrodornis pelvica fretensis Robinson and Kloss, 1920, Journ.
Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., No. 81, p. 109 — Gunong
Angsi, Negri Sembilan State, Malaya.
220 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Peninsular Thailand (Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat Provinces)
and Malaya (excepting the area occupied by annectens); Sumatra
(excepting the coastal areas of the Southwest and extreme South).
Tephrodornis gularis gularis (Raffles)
Lanius gularis Raffles, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, p. 304
— Sumatra; type locality restricted to Benkulen, by Kinnear
and Robinson, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, p. 130.
Lanius virgatus Temminck, 1824, Pl. col., livr. 43, pl. 256, fig. 1
— Java.
Coastal areas of southwestern and extreme southern Sumatra;
Java.
Tephrodornis gularis frenatus Biittikofer
T\ephrodornis]. frenatus Bittikofer, 1887, Notes Leyden Mus., 9,
p. 53 — Borneo.
Borneo.
Tephrodornis gularis mekongensis de Schauensee
Tephrodornis gularis mekongensis de Schauensee, 1946, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 98, p. 45 — Ban Chanuman [lat.
16° 15’ N., long. 105° 00’ E.], Thailand.
Eastern and southeastern Thailand; Cambodia; Cochin China;
southern Annam; southern Laos.
Tephrodornis gularis hainanus Ogilvie-Grant
Tephrodornis hainanus Ogilvie-Grant, 1910, Abstract of Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, No. 81, p. 18 — Hainan.
Eastern regions of northern Laos; northern Annam; Tonkin;
Hainan.
Tephrodornis gularis latouchei Kinnear
Tephrodornis gularis latouchei Kinnear, 1925, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
45, p. 105 — Ah Ch’ung, Fukien, China.
Central Fukien.
TEPHRODORNIS PONDICERIANUS
Tephrodornis pondicerianus affinis Blyth
Tephrodornis affinis Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16,
p. 473 — Ceylon.
Ceylon.
Tephrodornis pondicerianus pondicerianus (Gmelin)
[Muscicapa] pondiceriana Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 939
— Coromandel Coast = Pondicherry.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 221
Tephrodornis pondicerianus thai Kloss and Chasen, 1926, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, p. 58 — Tha Chang Tai [lat. 16° 51’ N., long.
99° 03’ E.], Thailand.
Tephrodornis pondiceriana warei Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 52, p. 69 — Londa, North Kanara District, Bom-
bay, India.
Dry, deciduous forests of India south and east of an imaginary
line carried from the Gulf of Cambay to Kumaun, eastward into
Assam (south of the Brahmaputra); Burma (except the eastern
portion of the Southern Shan State and the southern half of Tenas-
serim); northern Thailand (except Chiang Rai Province), on the
west south to lat. 14°40’ N., on the east along the river Mekong
south to lat. 15° 40’ N.; southern Laos.
Tephrodornis pondicerianus pallidus Ticehurst
Tephrodornis pondicerianus pallidus Ticehurst, 1920, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 56 — Larkana, Sind, West Pakistan.
Tephrodornis pondiceriana freta Van Tyne and Koelz, 1936, Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 334, p. 5 — Bhadwar,
Kangra District, Punjab, West Pakistan.
India northwest of areas occupied by pondicerianus ; West Pakistan
(Sind and Punjab Provinces).
Tephrodornis pondicerianus orientis Deignan
Tephrodornis pondiceriana orientis Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 61, p. 14 — Krongpha [lat. 11°49’ N., long.
108° 42’ E.], Annam.
Cambodia; Cochin China; southern Annam.
Famity PYCNONOTIDAE
Austin L. Ranp (Africa)
HERBERT G. DEIGNAN (Oriental)!
cf. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 369-395.
Bannerman, 1936, Birds. Trop. W. Afr., 4, p. 134-140; 182-
197 (West African forms).
Delacour, 1943, Zoologica, 28, p. 17-25 (review).
Vincent, 1952, Check List Birds S. Afr., p. 64-66 (S. African
forms).
Chapin, 1953, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75A, p. 101-187
(Congo forms).
Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds Arabia, p. 177-179.
1 Ms. read by: James P. Chapin, Herbert G. Deignan, Jean Delacour,
Reginald Ernest Moreau, Erwin Stresemann, Charles M. N. White.
222 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1955, Birds E. and N.E. Afr., 2,
p. 111-133 (EK. African forms).
Rand, 1958, Fieldiana: Zool. (Chicago), 35, p. 146-219.
Genus SPIZIXOS BiytH
Spizixos Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 571. Type,
by monotypy, Spizixos canifrons Blyth.
Cophixus Oberholser, 1919, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 9, p. 5.
Type, by original designation, Spizixos semitorques Swinhoe.
SPIZIXOS CANIFRONS
Crested Finch-billed Bulbul
Spizixos canifrons canifrons Blyth
Sp[izixos]. canifrons Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14,
p- 571 — Cherrapunji, Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Assam.
Spizixos canifrons nobilis Koelz, 1953, Journ. Zool. Soc. India, 4,
p. 154 — Hmuntha, Lushai Hills, Assam.
Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and the hill tracts of western
Burma.
Spizixos canifrons ingrami Bangs and Phillips
Spizixus canifrons ingrami Bangs and Phillips, 1914, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 58, p.285— Mengtsz [lat. 23° 23’ N., long.
103° 27’ E.], Yunnan.
Spizixus canifrons laotianus Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
47, p. 14 — Nong Het [lat. 19° 30’ N., long. 104° 00’ E.], Laos.
Hill tracts of eastern Burma and the Shan States, northern Thai-
land, northern Laos, northwestern Tonkin, southern and western
Yunnan, and southeastern Hsikang.
SPIZIXOS SEMITORQUES
Spizixos semitorques semitorques Swinhoe
Spizixos semitorques Swinhoe, 1861, Ibis, p. 266 — ‘“‘Pehling pla-
teau,” near Minhow [Foochow], Fukien.
The valley of the Yangtze from Kiangsu to easternmost Hsikang
(Tung Valley), and southward through the eastern and central parts
of China to southeastern Yunnan and northwestern Tonkin.
Spizixos semitorques cinereicapillus Swinhoe
Spizixus cinereicapillus Swinhoe, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 370 — Formosa.
Formosa.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 223
GENusS PYCNONOTUS Bott
Brachypus Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1, p. 305. Type here de-
signated as “Le Curouge”’ Levaillant = T'urdus cafer Linnaeus.
Not Brachypus B. Meyer, 1814.
Pycnonotus ‘“Kuhl” Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, 19, p. 973. Type,
by monotypy, T'urdus capensis Linnaeus.
Brachypus Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 163. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, T’urdus atriceps Temminck. (Idem, 1827,
ibid., p. 625.) Not Brachypus Swainson, 1824, nor Brachypus
B. Meyer, 1814.
Brachypus Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna
Bor.-Amer. Birds (1831), p. 485. Type, by original designation
and monotypy, Turdus dispar Horsfield. Not Brachypus Swain-
son, 1827, Brachypus Swainson, 1824, nor Brachypus B. Meyer,
1814.
Andropadus Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna
Bor.-Amer. Birds (1831), p. 485. Type, by original designation
and monotypy, “L’importun” Levaillant = T'urdus importunus
Vieillot.
Haematornis Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna
Bor.-Amer. Birds (1831), p.485. Type, by subsequent designation,
Turdus aurigaster Vieillot. (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds,
p. 29.) Not Haematornis Vigors, 1831, in Gould.
Micropus Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna
Bor.-Amer. Birds (1831), p. 486. Type, by subsequent designa-
tion, Turdus chalcocephalus Temminck. (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat.
Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 58.) Not Micropus B. Meyer and Wolf,
1810.
Polyodon Lafresnaye, 1832, Mag. Zool. (Paris), 2, ‘Cl. II, pl. 4.”
Type, by original designation and monotypy, T'urdus impor-
tunus Vieillot. Not Polyodon Schneider, 1801, Pisces.
Microtarsus Eyton, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 7, p. 102.
Type, by monotypy, Microtarsus melanoleucos Kyton.
Alcurus “Hodgson” Blyth, 1843, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 12,
p- 930. Type, by monotypy, Tricophorus striatus Blyth.
Brachypodius Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 576.
Type, by original designation, Lanius melanocephalos Gmelin.
Rubigula Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 576. Type,
by subsequent designation, T'’urdus dispar Horsfield. (G. R.
Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 47.)
Izodia Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 577. Type,
by original designation, Pycnonotus? cyaniventris Blyth.
Izidia Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15, p. 50. New
name for Jxodia Blyth, considered preoccupied by Jxodia R.
Brown, 1812, in Botany.
224 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Elathea Gistel, 1848, Naturg. Thierr. hdheren Schul., p. viii. Type,
by original designation, Brachypus gularis Gould.
Hemitarsus “‘Sw.”’ Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 263.
In synonymy with Pycnonotus Kuhl, 7. e. Boie.
Crocopsis Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 54. No species;
generic details only. Type, by subsequent designation, T'urdus
bimaculatus Lesson. (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds,
p. 47.)
Euptilotus Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 54. No species;
generic details only. Type, by subsequent designation, ‘‘Bra-
chypus euptilotus Jard.” = Brachypus eutilotus Jardine and
Selby. (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 47.)
Loidorusa Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 54. No species;
generic details only. Type, by subsequent designation, Musci-
capa goiavier Scopoli. (Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., th. 1, p. 109.)
Prosecusa Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 54. No species;
generic details only. Type, by subsequent designation, Lanius
melanocephalos Gmelin. (Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., th. 1, p.110).
Otocompsa Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., th.1, p. 109. Type, by
monotypy, Lanius jocosus Linnaeus.
Trachycomus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., th. 1, p. 109. Type, by
monotypy, Turdus ochrocephalus Gmelin.
Sphagias Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., th. 1, p. 110. Type, by mono-
typy, Turdus dispar Horsfield.
Meropixus Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 38,
p. 54, 58. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Aegi-
thina atricapilla Vieillot.
Ixocherus Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 38,
p. 54, 58. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Micro-
tarsus melanoleucos Kyton.
Meropizus “Pr. B.” G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds,
p. 47. Lapsus.
Kelaartia “Blyth” Jerdon, 1863, Birds India, 2, pt. 1, p. 86. Type,
by monotypy, Pycnonotus penicillatus Blyth.
Molpastes Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 378, footnote. Type,
by original designation, Haematornis chrysorrhoides Lafresnaye.
Poliolophus Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, 1,
p. 334. Type, by original designation, Brachypus urostictus Sal-
vadori.
Pinarocichla Sharpe, 1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6 (1881), p. 2
(in key), 61. New name for Huptilotus Reichenbach, on grounds
of purism.
Poliophilus Sharpe, 1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6 (1881), p. 416
(in index). Lapsus for Poliolophus Sharpe.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 225
Oreoctistes Sharp, 1888, Ibis, p. 388. Type, by original designation
and monotypy, Oreoctistes leucops Sharpe.
Xanthixus Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, p.274. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Pycnonotus flavescens Blyth.
Xanthiscus Anonymous, 1890, Ibis, p. 254. Lapsus or nomen emen-
datum for Xanthixus Oates.
Phacelias Heine, 1890, in Heine and Reichenow, Nomenc. Mus.
Hein. Orn., p. 67. New name for Kelaartia Blyth, on grounds
of purism.
Centrolophus Biittikofer, 1896, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 230.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Brachypus leuco-
genys J. E. Gray. Not Centrolophus Lacépéde, 1802, Pisces.
Pachycephalixus Biittikofer, 1896, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 241.
Type, by original designation, Muscicapa sinensis Gmelin.
Stictognathus Biittikofer, 1896, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 242.
Type, by original designation, Pycnonotus taivanus Styan.
Gymnocrotaphus Biittikofer, 1896, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 245.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Brachypus tigus
Bonaparte. Not Gymnocrotaphus Guenther, 1859, Pisces.
Mesolophus Biittikofer, 1896, Notes Leyden Mus., 17, p. 247.
Type, by original designation, Vanga flaviventris Tickell.
Bostrycholophus Biittikofer, 1896, Notes Leyden Mus., 18, p. 58.
New name for Centrolophus Biittikofer, preoccupied.
Bonapartia Bittikofer, 1896, Notes Leyden Mus., 18, p. 58. New
name for Gymnocrotaphus Bittikofer, preoccupied.
Eurillas Oberholser, 1899, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 22, p. 15. Type,
by original designation, Andropadus virens Cassin.
Stelgidillas Oberholser, 1899, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 22, p. 30.
Type, by original designation, Andropadus gracilirostris Strick-
land.
Arizelocichla Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., Quarterly Issue,
48, no. 2, p. 163. Type, by original designation, Xenocichla
nigriceps Shelley.
Charitillas Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., Quarterly Issue,
48, no. 2, p. 168. Type, by original designation and monotypy.
Andropadus gracilis Cabanis.
Stelgidocichla Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., Quarterly
Issue, 48, no. 2, p. 168. Type, by original designation and
monotypy, Andropadus latirostris Strickland.
Squamatornis Stuart Baker, 1928, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 49, p. 40.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, Jaidia weberi
Hume.
Malayornis Hachisuka, 1940, Dobuts. Zasshi (Tokyo), 52, p. 286.
Type, by original designation, Pycnonotus plumosus Blyth.
226 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
cf. Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 245-248
(races of melanicterus, in part, sub nom. dispar).
—, 1948, ibid., 38, p. 279-281 (races of jocosus).
—, 1949, ibid., 39, p. 273-279 (races of aurigaster, in part,
and of cafer, in part).
White, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 76, p. 155-157 (P. barbatus).
PYCNONOTUS ZEYLANICUS
Straw-crowned Bulbul
Pycnonotus zeylanicus (Gmelin)
[Sturnus] zeylanicus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 804 —
Ceylon, error; type locality inferentially corrected to Java, by
Robinson and Kloss, 1924, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 5,
no. 3, p. 272.
[Turdus] ochrocephalus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 821 —
Ceylon, error, and Java; type locality corrected to Java, by
Stuart Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, no. 3,
p. 470.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme South; Sumatra; the West
Sumatran Islands (Nias); Java; Borneo.
PYCNONOTUS STRIATUS
Striated Bulbul
Pycnonotus striatus striatus (Blyth)
Tricophorus striatus Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11,
p. 184 — The Himalaya; type specimens from Darjeeling, West
Bengal, fide Finn, 1901, List Birds Indian Mus., pt. 1, p. 97.
Along the Himalayas from Nepal eastward to Bhutan; the hill
tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and of western Burma.
Pycnonotus striatus arctus Ripley
Pycnonotus striatus arctus Ripley, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 61, p. 101 — Dreyi, Mishmi Hills, Assam.
Northeastern Assam (Mishmi Hills).
Pycnonotus striatus paulus (Bangs and Phillips)
Alcurus striatus paulus Bangs and Phillips, 1914, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 58, p. 284 — Loukouchai, southeastern Yunnan.
From the Northern Shan State southward, through Karenni and
the hills of northwestern Thailand, to the Amherst District of
Tenasserim; northern Laos and northwestern Tonkin; western and
southern Yunnan.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 227
PYCNONOTUS LEUCOGRAMMICUS
Pycnonotus leucogrammicus (S. Miiller)
Ixos leucogrammicus S. Miller, 1835, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch.
Phys., 2, p. 352 — Sumatra.
Highlands of western Sumatra.
PYCNONOTUS TYMPANISTRIGUS
Pycnonotus tympanistrigus (S. Miiller)
Ixos tympanistrigus 8. Miller, 1835, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch.
Phys., 2, p. 353 — Sumatra.
[Brachypus] tigus “Mill. Mus. Lugd.” Bonaparte, 1850, Consp.
Gen. Av., 1, p. 264 — Sumatra.
Highlands of western Sumatra.
PYCNONOTUS MELANOLEUCOS
Pycnonotus melanoleucos (Eyton)
Microtarsus melanoleucos Eyton, 1839, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 7, p. 102 — Malaya.
Microtarsus melanoleucos proximus Riley, 1927, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 40, p. 96 — Siberut, West Sumatran Islands.
The Malay Peninsula from southernmost Thailand (Narathiwat
Province) to the extreme South; Sumatra; the West Sumatran
Islands (Siberut); Borneo.
PYCNONOTUS PRIOCEPHALUS
Gray-headed Bulbul
Pycnonotus priocephalus (Jerdon)
Blrachypus]. priocephalus Jerdon, 1839, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci.,
10, p. 246 — near the foot of the Perya Pass, Malabar District,
Madras.
Brachypodius poiocephalus Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 14, p. 576. Nomen emendatum.
Blrachypus]. poliocephalus “‘Jerdon”’ Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen.
Av., 1, p. 264. Nomen emendatum.
Micropus phaeocephalus Sharpe, 1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6
(1881), p. 65 (in key), 68. Nomen emendatum.
The hill tracts of southwestern India from southern Bombay to
Kerala.
PYCNONOTUS ATRICEPS
Pycnonotus atriceps fuscoflavescens (Hume)
Brachypodius fuscoflavescens Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1,
p- 297 — Port Mouat and Mount Harriet, South Andaman,
Andaman Islands.
Andaman Islands.
228 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pycnonotus atriceps atriceps (Temminck)
[Lanius] melanocephalos Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, p. 309
— Sandwich Islands, error; type locality corrected to Sumatra,
by Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, no. 7, p. 10, foot-
note 1. Not Lanius melanocephalos Gmelin, 1788, ibid., p. 301.
Turdus atriceps Temminck, 1822, Pl. col., livr. 25, pl. 147 — Java
and Sumatra; type locality restricted to Java, by Robinson
and Kloss, 1923, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 11, p. 55.
Ixos chalcocephalus Temminck, 1828, Pl. col., livr. 76, pl. 453,
fig. 1— Bantam district, Java.
Brlachypodius|. cinereoventris Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 14, p. 576 — Tippera District, East Bengal.
Microtarsus melanocephalos chrysophorus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Mise. Coll., 60, no. 7, p.10—South Pagi, Mentawi Group,
West Sumatran Islands.
Brachypodius atriceps major Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Journ. Fed.
Malay States Mus., 11, p. 55 — North Cachar District, Assam.
East Bengal and Assam (south of the Brahmaputra); the southern
half of Burma; Laos, southern Annam, Cochin China, and Cam-
bodia; all Thailand and Malaya; Sumatra; the West Sumatran
Islands (Nias and the Mentawi Group); Bangka and Billiton; Java
and Bali; Borneo; Palawan.
Pycnonotus atriceps hyperemnus (Oberholser)
Microtarsus melanocephalos hyperemnus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Misc. Coll., 60, no. 7, p. 10 — Simalur, West Sumatran Islands.
West Sumatran Islands (Simalur).
Pycnonotus atriceps baweanus (Finsch)
Brachypodius baweanus Finsch, 1901, Notes Leyden Mus., 22,
p- 209 — Bawean Island, Java Sea.
Microtarsus atriceps abbotti Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
52, p. 193 — Bawean Island.
Bawean Island.
Pycnonotus atriceps hodiernus (Bangs and Peters)
Microtarsus hodiernus Bangs and Peters, 1927, Occ. Pap. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 238 — Maratua Island [lat. 2°15’ N., long.
118° 35’ E.], Celebes Sea.
Maratua Island.
PYCNONOTUS MELANICTERUS
Black-crested Bulbul
Pycnonotus melanicterus melanicterus (Gmelin)
[Muscicapa| melanictera Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 941
— Ceylon.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 229
Aegithina atricapilla Vieillot, 1816, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 1, p. 176 — Ceylon, ex Levaillant.
[Parisoma] monacus ‘Gr.’ Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen. Av., 1,
p. 259 — Ceylon, ex Levaillant.
Ceylon.
Pycnonotus melanicterus gularis (Gould)
Brachypus gularis Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 3,
p- 186 — Travancore.
The hill tracts of southwestern India from southern Bombay to
Kerala.
Pycnonotus melanicterus flaviventris (Tickell)
Vanga Flaviventris Tickell, 1833, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 2,
p. 573 — Dampara, Singhbhum District, Bihar.
Along the Himalayas from the East Punjab eastward to eastern
Assam, and southward to Madhya Pradesh, northern Andhra, Ben-
gal, and Arakan; northern Burma and western Yunnan.
Pycnonotus melanicterus vantynei Deignan
Pycnonotus dispar vantynei Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 38, p. 246 — Phongtho [lat. 22°32’ N., long. 103°
20’ E.], Tonkin.
The Southern Shan States (Kengtung), northernmost Thailand,
northern Laos, Tonkin, and northern Annam.
Pycnonotus melanicterus xanthops Deignan
Pycnonotus dispar xanthops Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 38, p. 246— Ban Mae [lat. 18°40’ N., long. 98°
50’ E.], Thailand.
Southeastern Burma (southward to northern Tenasserim) and
northern Thailand (on the West southward to Kamphaeng Phet
Province).
Pycnonotus melanicterus auratus Deignan
Pycnonotus dispar auratus Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 38, p. 246 — Muang Lom Sak [lat. 16° 45’ N., long.
101° 10’ E.], Thailand.
The northern portion of the eastern plateau of Thailand and
adjacent areas of Laos.
Pycnonotus melanicterus johnsoni (Gyldenstolpe)
Rubigula johnsoni Gyldenstolpe, 1913, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad.
Handl., 50, no. 8, p. 25, pl. 1, fig. 3 — Near Ban Chakkrarat
[lat. 15° 00’ N., long. 102° 25’ E.], Thailand.
16
230 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
The southern portion of the eastern plateau of Thailand and
southeastern Thailand; southern Laos, Cambodia, southern Annam,
and Cochin China.
Pycnonotus melanicterus elbeli Deignan
Pycnonotus melanicterus elbeli Deignan, 1954, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 44, p.123— Ko Kut [lat. 11°40’ N., long. 102°
35’ E.], Thailand.
Islets off the coast of southeastern Thailand (Ko Chang, Ko Kut).
Pycnonotus melanicterus negatus Deignan
Pycnonotus melanicterus negatus Deignan, 1954, Journ. Washing-
ton Acad. Sci., 44, p. 123 — Ban Hin Laem [lat. 14° 40’ N..,
long. 98° 40’ E.], Thailand.
Central Tenasserim (Amherst and Tavoy Districts) and south-
western Thailand (Kanchanaburi Province).
Pycnonotus melanicterus caecilii Deignan
Otocompsa flaviventris minor Kloss, 1918, Ibis, p. 200 — Ko Lak
= Prachuap Khiri Khan [lat. 11° 50’ N., long. 99° 50’ E.], Thai-
land. Not Pycnonotus nigricans minor von Heuglin, 1869.
Pycnonotus dispar caecilii Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 38, p. 247 — Trang Province [ca. lats. 7°-8° N.],
Thailand.
The Malay Peninsula from the Siamese province of Prachuap
Khiri Khan and southern Tenasserim (Mergui District) southward
to Selangor.
Pycnonotus melanicterus dispar (Horsfield)
Turdus dispar Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13,
pt. 1, p. 150 — Java.
Sumatra and Java.
Pycnonotus melanicterus montis (Sharpe)
Rubigula montis Sharpe, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 247 —
Kina Balu, North Borneo.
Highlands of northern Borneo.
PYCNONOTUS SQUAMATUS
Pycnonotus squamatus weberi (Hume)
Ixidia webberi [sic] Hume, 1879, Stray Feathers, 8, p. 40 —
interior of the Tonka territories = Phuket Province, Thailand.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme South; Sumatra.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 231
Pycnonotus squamatus squamatus (Temminck)
Ixos squamatus Temminck, 1828, PI. col., livr. 76, pl. 453, fig. 2
— Java; type specimen probably from Bantam, fide Finsch,
1905, Notes Leyden Mus., 25, p. 98, footnote 1.
Western and central Java.
Pycnonotus squamatus borneensis Chasen
Pycnonotus squamatus borneensis Chasen, 1941, in Chasen and
Hoogerwerf, Treubia, 18, Suppl., p. 77 — Samarahan River,
Sarawak.
Borneo.
PYCNONOTUS CYANIVENTRIS
Pycnonotus cyaniventris cyaniventris Blyth
Plycnonotus]. ¢cyaniventris Blyth, 1842, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 11, p. 792 — Singapore.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme south; Sumatra.
Pycnonotus cyaniventris paroticalis (Sharpe)
Ixidia paroticalis Sharpe, 1878, Ibis, p. 418 — Sarawak.
Borneo.
PYCNONOTUS JOCOSUS
Red-wiskered Bulbul
Pycnonotus jocosus fuscicaudatus (Gould)
Otocompsa fuscicaudata Gould, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London
(1865), p. 664 — southern portion of the peninsula of India .. .
many parts of the Madras Presidency; type locality restricted
to the Nilgiri Hills, Madras, by Whistler and Kinnear, 1932,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, no. 4, p. 756.
Western India from Kerala and northern Madras (Salem District)
northward to the Tapti River.
Pycnonotus jocosus abuensis (Whistler)
Otocompsa jocosa abuensis Whistler, 1931, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
52, p.40 — Mount Abu, Banas Kantha District, Bombay.
Northern Bombay and southwestern Rajasthan.
Pycnonotus jocosus pyrrhotis (Bonaparte)
I[xos]. pyrrhotis ““Hodgs.’’ Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen. Av.,"1,
p. 265 — India; type locality corrected to Nepal, ex Hodgson,
by Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 280.
Otocompsa jocosa provincialis Whistler, 1931, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
52, p. 40 — Bhabar region of Kumaun, Uttar Pradesh.
16*
232 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
The Valley of Nepal and northern India from the East Punjab
eastward to Bihar.
Pycnonotus jocosus emeria (Linnaeus)
[Motacilla] Emeria Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 187 —
Bengal.
I{xos]. erythrotis “Bp. ex Sw. Mus. Lugd.” Bonaparte, 1850, Consp.
Gen. Av., 1, p. 265 — Java, error; type locality corrected to
Calcutta, Bengal, by Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., 38, p. 280.
Otocompsa emeria peguensis Stuart Baker, 1922, Fauna British
India, Birds, ed. 2, 1, pp. 394 (in key), 396 — Pegu Division,
Lower Burma, fide Stuart Baker, 1930, op. cit., 7, p. 81; type
locality restricted to Rangoon, by Deignan, 1948, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 280.
The lowlands of eastern India from Madras northward to Bengal,
thence southeastward through Lower Burma to central Tenasserim
and southwestern Thailand (Kanchanaburi Province). Introduced
into Mauritius.
Pycnonotus jocosus whistleri Deignan
Pycnonotus jocosus whistleri Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 38, p. 280 — Cinque Islands, southeast of Rutland
Island, Andaman Islands.
Andaman Islands. Introduced into the Nicobar Islands.
Pycnonotus jocosus monticola (McClelland)
Ixos monticola McClelland, 1840, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 7,
p. 160 — Khasi Hills, Assam.
Along the Himalayas from Sikkim eastward, through Bhutan,
Assam, and northern Burma, to western Yunnan.
Pycnonotus jocosus pattani Deignan
Pycnonotus jocosus pattant Deignan, 1948, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 38, p. 280 — Pattani [lat. 6° 50’ N., long. 101° 15’E.],
Thailand.
Throughout Thailand (excepting the area occupied by P. 7. emeria)
southward to northern Malaya; southern Laos, Cambodia, Cochin
China, and southern Annam.
Pycnonotus jocosus hainanensis (Hachisuka)
Otocompsa jocosa hainanensis Hachisuka, 1939, Orn. Soc. Japan
Suppl. Publ., no. 15, p. 74 — Naochow Island, off the southern
coast of Kwangtung.
Northern Annam and eastern Tonkin; western Kwangtung;
Naochow Island.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 233
Pycnonotus jocosus jocosus (Linnaeus)
[Lanius] jocosus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 95 —
China; type locality restricted to Canton, Kwangtung, by Deig-
nan, 1948, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 38, p. 281.
Eastern Kwangsi, eastern Kwangtung, and Hongkong. Introduced
into New South Wales.
PYCNONOTUS XANTHORRHOUS
Pycnonotus xanthorrhous xanthorrhous Anderson
Pycnonotus xanthorrhous Anderson, 1869, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, p. 265 — Manyun, near Lienshan, western Yunnan.
From the Kachin State of northeastern Burma southward to the
Karenni and Southern Shan States, and southeastward, across Yun-
nan, to northern Laos and northwestern Tonkin.
Pycnonotus xanthorrhous andersoni (Swinhoe)
Ixus Andersoni Swinhoe, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 5,
p- 175 — Ichang, Hupeh.
Along the valley of the Yangtze from Szechwan eastward to
Kiangsu, and southward through the hill tracts of southeastern
China to northern Kwangtung and northwestern Fukien.
PYCNONOTUS SINENSIS
Pycnonotus sinensis hoyi Riley
Pycnonotus hoyi Riley, 1923, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 36,
p- 193 — Yochow = Yoyang, Hunan.
Valley of the Middle Yangtze in Szechwan, Hupeh, and Hunan.
Pycnonotus sinensis sinensis (Gmelin)
[Muscicapa] sinensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 942 —
China; type locality here restricted to Canton, Kwangtung.
Pycnonotus sinensis septentrionalis Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f.
Orn., 71, p. 363 — Woosung, Kiangsu.
Pycnonotus sinensis stresemanni La Touche, 1925, Handb. Birds
Eastern China, 1, pt. 1, p. 94 — Northwestern Fukien.
Pycnonotus sinensis meridionalis Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 47, p. 157 — Lang Son [lat. 21° 54’ N., long. 106° 50’ E.],
Tonkin.
Pycnonotus sinensis brevirostris Hachisuka, 1939, Orn. Soc. Japan,
Suppl. Publ., no. 15, p. 76 — Hainan.
Breeds in the valley of the Lower Yangtze and in the maritime
provinces of China from Kiangsu to Kwangtung. Partially migrates
in winter southward and westward to Hainan and northeastern
Tonkin.
234 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pycnonotus sinensis hainanus (Swinhoe)
Ixus hainanus Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 253 — Hainan and Nao-
chow Island.
Pycnonotus hainanus indochinensis Delacour, 1927, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 47, p. 156 — Lang Son [lat. 21° 54’ N., long 106° 50’E.],
Tonkin.
Hainan; southwestern Kwangtung and southern Kwangsi; eastern
Tonkin and northern Annam.
Pycnonotus sinensis formosae Hartert
Pycnonotus sinensis formosae Hartert, 1910, Novit. Zool., 17,
p. 230 — Taipeh, Formosa.
Formosa.
Pycnonotus sinensis orii Kuroda
Pycnonotus sinensis orit Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p. 105 — Yonakunijima, Southern Ryukyu Islands.
Pycnonotus sinensis kobayashit Kuroda, 1930, Tori, 6, p. 270 —
Ishigakijima, Southern Ryukyu Islands.
The Southern Ryukyu Islands (Yonakuni, Ishigaki).
PYCNONOTUS TAIVANUS
Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
Pycnonotus taivanus Styan, 1893, Ibis, p. 470 — Formosa.
Formosa.
PYCNONOTUS LEUCOGENYS
White-cheeked Bulbul
Pycnonotus leucogenys mesopotamiae Ticehurst
Pycnonotus leucotis mesopotamia [sic] Ticehurst, 1918, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 26, no. 1, p. 279; idem, 1922, ibid.,
28, no. 2, p. 382 — Basra, Iraq.
Iraq (valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates).
?Pycnonotus leucogenys dactylus Ripley
Pycnonotus leucotis dactylus Ripley, 1951, Postilla, Yale Univ.,
no. 9, p. 8— Dammam, near Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
The Saudi Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, south of Kuwait
and north of Qatar; doubtfully distinct from P. 1. mesopotamiae.
Pycnonotus leucogenys leucotis (Gould)
Ixos leucotis Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 6 — East
India; type locality restricted to Karachi, West Pakistan, by
Ticehurst, 1922, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 28, p. 383.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 235
Molpastes leucotis farahensis Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 52, p. 64 — Farah [lat. 32° 24’ N., long. 62° 07’ E.], Af-
ghanistan.
Southern Iran; southern Afghanistan; southern West Pakistan,
northward in the valley of the Indus to the southern Punjab; the
arid regions of northwestern India (Saurashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya
Bharat), and western Uttar Pradesh.
Pycnonotus leucogenys humii (Oates)
Molpastes humii Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, p. 274
— Jalalpur, Jhelum, West Punjab.
Northern West Pakistan (Jhelum and Attock Districts of the
former Punjab and Bannu and Kohat Districts of the former North-
West Frontier Province).
Pycnonotus leucogenys leucogenys (J. E. Gray)
Brachypus leucogenys J. E. Gray, 1835, Ill. Ind. Zool., 2, pts. 19-
20, pl. 35, fig. 3 — India; type locality inferentially restricted
to Kashmir, by Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14,
p. 567.
Ixos plumigerus Lafresnaye, 1840, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 3, p. 228 —
New Holland or the Indies?
Molpastes leucogenys picru Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
no. 1, p. 11 — Laghman, Afghanistan.
Along the Himalayas from northeastern Afghanistan eastward to
eastern Assam (north of the Brahmaputra).
PYCNONOTUS CAFER?
Red-vented Bulbul
Pycnonotus cafer cafer (Linnaeus)
[Turdus] cafer Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 295 —
Cape of Good Hope, ex Brisson, error; type locality corrected
to Ceylon, apud Stuart Baker, 1930, Fauna Brit. India, Birds,
ede 25) 75 aps 19:
Ceylon.
1 A hybrid population from P.c. intermedius and P.leucogenys hum
has been named Molpastes magrathi (Whitehead, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
21, p. 48— Bannu, North-West Frontier Province, West Pakistan), and several
more or less stabilized hybrid populations produced by P.c. subspp. and
P. aurigaster subspp. have been called Pycnonotus nigropileus (Blyth, 1847,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 472—Tenasserim) and Pycnonotus burmani-
cus (Sharpe, 1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6 [1881], p.121 [in key], 125 -
Cachar into Pegu; type locality inferentially restricted to northeastern
Burma and western Yunnan, by Deignan, 1949, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci., 39, p. 278).
236 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pycnonotus cafer pusillus (Blyth)
H{ematornis}. pusillus Blyth, 1841, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
10, p. 841 — Zillah District of Chingleput, Madras.
Pycnonotus cafer vicinus Ripley, 1946, Spolia Zeylanica, 24, p. 228
— Mysore.
Southern India from Kerala northward to central Bombay,
Madhya Pradesh, and Andhra (valley of the Godavari).
Pycnonotus cafer humayuni Deignan
Molpastes haemorrhous pallida Stuart Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl, 38, p. 15 — Deesa, Banas Kantha, Bombay. Not
Pycnonotus layardi pallidus Roberts, 1912.
Pycnonotus cafer humayuni Deignan, 1951, Auk, p. 110. New
name for Molpastes haemorrhous pallidus Stuart Baker, preoc-
cupied.
From northern Bombay northward, through Rajasthan, to the
Salt Range of West Pakistan.
Pycnonotus cafer wetmorei nom. nov.
Molpastes cafer saturatus Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, no. 4, p. 754 — Anantagiri, South
Visakhapatnam, Andhra. Not Stelgidocichla latirostris saturata
Mearns, 1914.
The northeastern portion of the Indian Peninsula from Andhra
(valley of the Godavari) northward into eastern Madhya Pradesh
and southern Bihar.
Pycnonotus cafer intermedius Blyth
[Pycnonotus| intermedius “A. Hay” Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 15, p. 50 — upper provinces of India; type locality
restricted to Wazirabad, Gujranwala, West Punjab, by Whist-
ler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35,
p. 755, footnote 1, ex Jerdon.
Along the Himalayas from West Pakistan (north of the Salt
Range) southeastward to western Uttar Pradesh.
Pycnonotus cafer bengalensis Blyth
Plycnonotus]. bengalensis Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
14, p. 566 — Bengal.
Along the Himalayas from eastern Uttar Pradesh eastward,
through Nepal and Bhutan, to eastern Assam (north of the Brahma-
putra), and southward into northern Bihar and Bengal. Introduced
into the Fiji Islands (Viti Levu).
Pycnonotus cafer primrosei Deignan
Pycnonotus cafer primrosei Deignan, 1949, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 39, p. 278 — Surma Tea Estate, Sylhet, Assam.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 237
Molpastes cafer afer Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl., no. 1,
p. 11 — Maoflang, Khasi Hills, Assam.
The hill tracts of Assam south of the Brahmaputra and West
Bengal.
Pycnonotus cafer stanfordi Deignan
Pycnonotus cafer stanfordi! Deignan, 1949, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 39, p. 277 — Taro [lat. 26° 20’ N., long. 96° 10’ E.],
Upper Burma.
Northern Burma (southward to the Lower Chindwin and the
Northern Shan State) and western Yunnan (west of the Salween).
Pycnonotus cafer melanchimus Deignan
Pycnonotus cafer melanchimus Deignan, 1949, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 39, p. 278 — Rangoon, Lower Burma.
South-central Burma (the area between the Irrawaddy and the
Sittang from Mandalay southward to Rangoon).
PYCNONOTUS AURIGASTER
Pycnonotus aurigaster chrysorrhoides (Lafresnaye)
Muscicapa atricapilla Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 21, p. 489 — China, ex Sonnerat. Not Muscicapa atricapilla
Linnaeus, 1766.
H{ematornis|. chrysorrhoides Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool. (Paris),
8, p. 367 — Macao.
Fukien, eastern Kwangtung, and Hongkong.
Pycnonotus aurigaster resurrectus Deignan
Molpastes cafer insularis Hachisuka, 1939, Orn. Soc. Japan, Suppl.
Publ., no. 15, p. 75 — Naochow Island, off the southern coast
of Kwangtung. Not Pycnonotus plumosus insularis Chasen and
Kloss, 1929.
Pycnonotus aurigaster resurrectus Deignan, 1952, Auk, 69, p. 465.
New name for Molpastes cafer insularis Hachisuka, preoccupied.
Naochow Island and western Kwangtung; eastern Tonkin and
northernmost Annam.
Pycnonotus aurigaster dolichurus Deignan
Pycnonotus aurigaster dolichurus Deignan, 1949, Journ. Washing-
ton Acad. Sci., 39, p. 277 — Phu-oc [lat. 16° 33’ N., long. 107°
27’ E.], Annam.
Central Annam (Quangtri and Thuathien Provinces).
1 Replaces burmanicus of authors.
238 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pycnonotus aurigaster latouchei Deignan
Pycnonotus aurigaster latouchei Deignan, 1949, Journ. Washing-
ton Acad. Sci., 39, p. 275 — Lai Chau, northwestern Tonkin.
Western Tonkin; northern Laos; southern and western Yun-
nan; the Shan States; northern Thailand (Chiang Rai Province).
Pycnonotus aurigaster klossi (Gyldenstolpe)
Molpastes atricapillus klossi Robinson, 7. e. Gyldenstolpe, 1920,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, p. 12; idem, 1921, sbid., 42, p. 32 —
Doi Khun Tan [lat. 18° 30’ N., long. 99° 20’ E.], Thailand.
Southeastern Burma (Karenni State and northern Tenasserim) ;
northern Thailand (excepting the area occupied by P. aw. latouchet)
and the northwestern portion of the eastern plateau of Thailand.
Pycnonotus aurigaster schauenseei Delacour
Pycnonotus cafer schauenseeir Delacour, 1943, Zoologica (New
York), 28, p.29— Ban Si Sawat [lat. 14°40’ N., long. 99°
02’ E.], Thailand.
Central Tenasserim (Amherst and Tavoy Districts) and south-
western Thailand (southern Tak and Kanchanaburi Provinces).
Pycnonotus aurigaster thais (Kloss)
Molpastes aurigaster thais Kloss, 1924, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe.
Siam, 6, p. 291 — Bangkok [lat. 13° 45’ N., long. 100° 30’ E.],
Thailand. Yellow-vented variety.
Pycnonotus cafer deignani Delacour, 1943, Zoologica (New York),
28, p. 29—Chanthaburi [lat. 12° 35’ N., long. 102° 05’ E.], Thai-
land. Yellow-vented variety.
Pycnonotus aurigaster innitens Deignan, 1949, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 39, p. 276 — Ban Pak Chong [lat. 14° 40’ N., long.
101° 25’ E.], Thailand. Red-vented variety.
Southern Thailand (the southern portion of the central plains,
the southeastern provinces, and the southwestern portion of the
eastern plateau).
Pycnonotus aurigaster germani (Oustalet)
Ixus Germani Oustalet, 1878, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 7, 2,
p. 54 — Saigon, Cochin China.
The southeastern portion of the eastern plateau of Thailand,
southern Laos, southern Annam, and Cochin China.
Pycnonotus aurigaster aurigaster (Vieillot)
Turdus aurigaster Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 20, p. 258 — Caffraria, ex Levaillant, error = Java.
Pycnonotus aurigaster martini Parrot, 1910, Abh. Bay. Akad.
Wiss., math.-phys. Kl., 24, p. 239 — Sumatra.
Java. Introduced into Sumatra and Singapore.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 239
PYCNONOTUS XANTHOPYGOS
Pycnonotus xanthopygos (Ehrenberg)
Ixus xanthopygos Ehrenberg, 1833, in Hemprich and Ehrenberg,
Symb. Phys., Aves, fol. bb. — Arabia = Muwailah on coast
near north end of Red Sea, Bates, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
5D; -p- 119.
Pycnonotus reichenowi Lorenz and Hellmayr, 1901, Orn. Monatsb.,
9, p. 30 — Yeshbum, Southern Arabia.
Pycnonotus xanthopygos palaestinae Reichenow, 1916, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 24, p. 181 — Jafa, southern Palestine.
Asia Minor, from Taurus Mountains through Syria, Israel and
parts of Sinai and Western Arabia to Aden Protectorate east to
Mukalla.
PYCNONOTUS NIGRICANS
Red-eyed Bulbul
Pycnonotus nigricans (Vieillot)
Turdus nigricans Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 20, p. 253
— Banks of the Orange River in Namaqualand (ex Levaillant).
Eastern Cape Province, Basutoland, Western Transvaal, and
Bechuanaland west to Little Namaqualand, South West Africa and
north to Benguella in coastal Angola.
PYCNONOTUS CAPENSIS
Cape Bulbul
Pycnonotus capensis (Linnaeus)
Turdus capensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 295
— Cape of Good Hope.
Southern and south western Cape Province, South Africa.
PYCNONOTUS BARBATUS
Pycnonotus barbatus barbatus (Desfontaine)
Turdus barbatus Desfontaines, 1789, Hist. Acad. R. Sci. Paris
(1787), p. 500, pl. 13 — ‘“‘Cotes de Barbarie” [= near Algiers].
North Africa (Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco).
Pycnonotus barbatus inornatus (Fraser)
Ixos inornatus Fraser, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 27 —
Cape Coast.
Upper Guinea from Senegal to Gold Coast (Ghana) and French
Sudan (Mopti area).
240 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pycnonotus barbatus goodi Rand
Pycnonotus barbatus goodi Rand, 1955, Fieldiana: Zool. (Chicago),
34, p. 333 — Garoua, Northern Cameroon.
From Air (or Asben) to Northern Cameroon and northern Nigeria.
Pycnonotus barbatus arsinoe (Lichtenstein)
Tlurdus| Arsinoe H. Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., Zool. Mus.
Berlin, p. 39 — Fayum, Egypt.
The Nile Valley south to Lake No and west to Kordofan and
Darfur; also Red Sea Province of Sudan.
Pycnonotus barbatus schoanus Neumann
Pycnonotus barbatus schoanus Neumann, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13,
p- 77 — Kilbe, Kollu Prov., Shoa.
Eritrea and Bogosland and over the inland plateau of Abyssinia
east to Dire Daoua and south to Gardula and southeastern Sudan.
Pycnonotus barbatus somaliensis Reichenow
Pycnonotus arsinoe somaliensis Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3,
p. 840 — Zeila, Somadu, northern Somaliland. Hartert (1906,
Novit. Zool., 13, p. 391) restricted the type locality by de-
signating a “type” from Dadab [southern Zeila].
French and western British Somaliland to parts of southeastern
Abyssinia (southeastern Arusi and northeastern Bale).
Pycnonotus barbatus nigeriae Hartert
Pycnonotus barbatus nigeriae Hartert, 1921, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
41, p. 126 — Degama, Lower Niger.
Central and southern Nigeria, to central and western Cameroon
(except the southeast) and Gabon, except coastal area from Fernan
Vaz southward.
Pycnonotus barbatus gabonensis Sharpe
Pycnonotus gabonensis Sharpe, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 132, pl. 7, fig. 1 — Gabon.
An unsatisfactory subspecies, as known; the intermediate (or hy-
brid) populations between the yellow-vented tricolor and the yellowish-
white-vented nigeriae; recorded from coastal Gabon (Fernan Vaz),
southern French Congo (Brazzaville area), and southeastern Came-
roon (Sangmelima, Yokadouma).
Pycnonotus barbatus tricolor (Hartlaub)
Ixos tricolor Hartlaub, 1862, Ibis, p. 341 — Angola (restricted to
northern Angola, Zedlitz, 1916, Journ. f. Orn., 64, p. 70).
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 241
Pycnonotus tricolor tanganjicae Reichenow, 1911, Vogelfauna Mit-
telafr. Seengeb., in Wiss. Ergeb. Deutsch. Zentr. Afr., 3, p. 346
— Mohasi-See, Mpororo, Usumbura, Kissenji.
Pycnonotus barbatus harterti Zedlitz, 1916, Journ. f. Orn., 64, p. 71
— Huilla, Mossamedes.
Pycnonotus tricolor vaughanjonesi White, 1944, Ibis, p. 146 —
Mwinilunga, Northern Rhodesia.
Pycnonotus tricolor limes Grant, 1956, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 9
(ser. 12), p. 366 — Mwinilunga, Northern Rhodesia. A junior
homonym of limes Hornimann. See Official Ind. Reject. and
Inval. Specif. Names, p. 52, no. 439.
Northern Northern Rhodesia, northern South West Africa, and
Angola, to French Middle Congo (except extreme southeast), southern
Belgian Congo, western Tanganyika Territory, and southern Uganda.
Pycnonotus barbatus minor Heuglin
Pycnonotus nigricans var. minor Heuglin, 1869, Orn. Nordost.Afr.,
p- 398 — Bahr el Abiad and Gazellenfluss = Upper White Nile
and Bahr el Ghazal.
Pycnonotus layardi phaeocephalus Mearns, 1911, Smiths. Misc. Coll.
Washington, 56, no. 20, p. 8 — Kikandwa, altitude 3,000 feet,
Uganda.
Pycnonotus barbatus escherichi Grote, 1922, Journ. f. Orn., 70,
p. 485 — Kumbe, eastern New Cameroon [= northern French
Middle Congo].
From southern Darfur, the Bahr el Ghazal and Kodok on the
White Nile south to central Uganda, Lake Edward, Stanleyville,
northern Middle Congo, and extreme eastern Cameroon.
Pycnonotus barbatus spurius Reichenow
Pycnonotus spurius Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 841 — Ennia
Gallaland. Hartert (1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 391) in effect
restricted the type locality by designating a type from Arba-
dule.
Southern Abyssinia from Ennia Gallaland and Bale (Gedel Mts.)
to northern Boran (Alghe and Sagan River).
Pycnonotus barbatus fayi Mearns
Pycnonotus layardi fayi Mearns, 1911, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56,
no. 20, p. 7— Fay’s Farm, N’jabini, altitude 8,000 feet, British
East Africa.
Kenya highlands and central Tanganyika (Tabora).
Pycnonotus barbatus ngamii Ogilvie-Grant
Pycnonotus tricolor ngami Ogilvie-Grant, 1912, Ibis, p. 391 —
Lake Ngami.
242 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pycnonotus (Loidorusa) tricolor annectans Roberts, 1932, Ann.
Transvaal Mus., 15, p. 29 — Machile River, Northern Rhodesia
= Chobe Estuary, Bechuanaland (White, 1945, Ibis, p. 574).
Central Bechuanaland to central northern Northern Rhodesia.
Pycnonotus barbatus layardi Gurney
Pycnonotus layardi Gurney, 1879, Ibis, p. 390 — Rustenburg,
Transvaal.
Pycnonotus layardi pallidus Roberts, 1912, Journ. 8. Afr. Orn.
Union, 8, p. 49 — Boror, Portuguese East Africa.
Eastern Cape Province north to Mozambique, Nyasaland, south-
eastern Northern Rhodesia to Transvaal (except the highland areas
occupied by the next race).
Pycnonotus barbatus tenebrior Clancey
Pycnonotus barbatus tenebrior Clancey, 1955, Durban Mus. Novit.,
4, p. 204 — Mt. Currie, near Kokstad, eastern Cape Province,
South Africa at 5,500 feet altitude.
High altitudes in the Drakensberg Range in southern Basutoland
and in adjacent highland areas of the eastern Cape Province and
Natal.
Pycnonotus barbatus micrus Oberholser
Pycnonotus layardi micrus Oberholser, 1905, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
28, p. 891 — Taveta, British East Africa.
Pycnonotus tricolor naumanni Meise, 1934, Orn. Monatsb., 42,
p. 116 — Lipumba in Matengo Highlands.
From southeastern Kenya at Traveta (but not the coastal area)
and Mt. Kilimanjaro south through eastern Tanganyika Territory
to Matengo Highlands.
Pycnonotus barbatus peasei Mearns
Pycnonotus layardi peasei Mearns, 1911, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 56,
no. 20, p. 8 — Sir Alfred Pease’s Farm, Kitunga, British East
Africa.
Pycnonotus dodsoni littoralis van Someren, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 43, p. 153 — Changamwe, N. of Mombasa.
Coastal Kenya from Vanga to Sokoke (but not the Taru area);
the eastern and northern slopes of the Kenya Highlands; and in
southern Abyssinia, in southern Boran (Yavello, Mega), and pro-
bably southern Bale, south of the range of spurius. The range of
this intergrading form thus occupies three separate areas.
Pycnonotus barbatus dodsoni Sharpe
Pycnonotus dodsoni Sharpe, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 488
— Sillul, Lammo, and Dada, Western Somaliland.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 243
Pycnonotus dodsoni teitensis van Someren, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29,
p- 190 — Tsavo, Kenya Colony.
Pycnonotus tricolor chyulu van Someren, 1939, Journ. East Afr.
Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p.60—Chyulu Hills, Kenya
Colony.
Italian Somaliland (Haud) and Eastern Abyssinia, in parts of
Upper Webi Shebeli tributaries, southward over the lowlands of
Kenya; on the coast to the Kipini area and inland in the southeast
to Tsavo and Chyulu Hills; westward to Lake Rudolf and extreme
southern Abyssinia.
PYCNONOTUS EUTILOTUS
Puff-backed Bulbul
Pycnonotus eutilotus (Jardine and Selby)
Brachypus eutilotus Jardine and Selby, 1837, Ill. Orn., new ser.,
no. 1, pl. 3 — Singapore.
Ixos cristatellus ““Temm. M.S.” Finsch, 1905, Notes Leyden Mus.,
26, p. 95 — Pontianak [lat. 0° 02’S., long. 109° 22’ E.], Borneo.
In synonymy with Brachypus eutilotus Jardine and Selby.
The .Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui Dis-
trict) and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme south; Sumatra;
Bangka; Billiton; Borneo.
PYCNONOTUS NIEUWENHUISII
Blue-wattled Bulbul
Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii inexspectatus (Chasen)
Euptilosus niewwenhuisti inexspectatus Chasen, 1939, Treubia, 17,
p. 184 — Lesten [lat. 4°12’ N., long. 97° 40’ E.], Sumatra.
Known only from the type locality.
Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii nieuwenhuisii (Finsch)
Poliolophus Nieuwenhuisti Finsch, 1901, Notes Leyden Mus., 23,
p. 95 — Upper Kayan River, near the source of the Bulongan,
Borneo.
Known only from the type locality.
PYCNONOTUS UROSTICTUS
Yellow-wattled Bulbul
Pycnonotus urostictus urostictus (Salvadori)
Brachypus urostictus Salvadori, 1870, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino,
5, p. 509 — Philippine Islands; type locality inferentially re-
stricted to Luzon, by Hachisuka, 1935, Birds Philippine Is.,
pt. 4, p. 388.
Philippine Islands: Luzon, Polillo, Catanduanes, Samar, Leyte,
Panaon, Bohol.
244 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pycnonotus urostictus philippensis (Hachisuka)
Poliolophus urostictus philippensis Hachisuka, 1934, Tori, 8, p. 220
— Dinagat, Philippine Islands.
Philippine Islands: Dinagat, Siargao, Mindanao.
Pycnonotus urostictus basilanicus (Steere)
Poliolophus Basilanicus Steere, 1890, List Birds Mamm. Steere
Exped., p. 19 — Basilan, Philippine Islands.
Philippine Islands: Basilan.
PYCNONOTUS BIMACULATUS
Pycnonotus bimaculatus snouckaerti Siebers
Pycnonotus snouckaerti Siebers, 1928, Treubia, 10, p. 396 —Taken-
gon Lake, Acheh district, Sumatra.
Highlands of northwestern Sumatra.
Pycnonotus bimaculatus barat Robinson and Kloss
Pycnonotus bimaculatus barat Robinson and Kloss, 1920, Journ.
Straits Br. R. Asiat. Soc. (1919), no. 81, p. 103 — Siulakderas
flat. 1°54’ S., long. 101° 18’ E.], Sumatra.
Highlands of southwestern Sumatra and of western and central
Java.
Pycnonotus bimaculatus bimaculatus (Horsfield)
Turdus bimaculatus Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
13, p. 147 — Java; type specimen “an East Javan bird,” fide
Robinson and Kloss, 1920, Journ. Straits Br. R. Asiat. Soc.
(1919), no. 81, p. 103.
Crocopsis bimaculatus tenggerensis van Oort, 1911, Notes Leyden
Mus., 34, p. 46 — Nongkojajar, Tenger Mountains, Java.
Highlands of eastern Java and Bali.
PYCNONOTUS FINLAYSONI
Streak-throated Bulbul
Pycnonotus finlaysoni davisoni (Hume)
Ixus Davisoni Hume, 1875, Stray Feathers, 3, p. 301 — twelve
miles north of Rangoon, Burma.
The plains of southern Burma (the delta of the Irrawaddy).
Pycnonotus finlaysoni eous Riley
Pycnonotus finlaysoni eous Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 53, p.133—Col des Nuages [lat. 16°11’ N., long. 108°
08’ E.], Annam.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 245
Indochina (excepting the greater part of Tonkin and northern
Laos); Thailand (the eastern portion of the northern plateau, the
eastern plateau, the southeastern provinces, and the southwestern
provinces from Kamphaeng Phet to Prachuap Khiri Khan; Ko
Phangan); southeastern Burma from the Karenni State southward
to the Tavoy District of Tenasserim.
Pycnonotus finlaysoni finlaysoni Strickland
Pycnonotus Finlaysoni Strickland, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
13, p. 411 — ‘“‘Probably from some of the Malasian islands,”
error; type locality corrected to Malacca, by Hartert, 1902,
Novit. Zool., 9, p. 560.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra southward to Malacca.
PYCNONOTUS XANTHOLAEMUS
Yellow-throated Bulbul
Pycnonotus xantholaemus (Jerdon)
Brachypus xantholaemus Jerdon, 1845, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 13,
p. 122 — Eastern Ghats, India.
Kerala, Mysore, and the Eastern Ghats of India.
PYCNONOTUS PENICILLATUS
Yellow-tufted Bulbul
Pycnonotus penicillatus Blyth
Pycnonotus penicillatus ‘“Kelaart’”? Blyth, 1851, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 20, p. 178 — Ceylon.
The highlands of Ceylon.
PYCNONOTUS FLAVESCENS
Flavescent Bulbul
Pycnonotus flavescens flavescens Blyth
Plycnonotus]. flavescens Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
14, p. 568 — Arakan Division, Burma; type locality restricted
to the hills between Sandoway and Prome, by Kloss, 1923,
Journ. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, new ser., 18, p. 569.
Xanthixus flavescens pallens Kloss, 1923, Journ. Proc. Asiat. Soe.
Bengal, new ser., 18, p. 569 — Hungrum, North Cachar, Assam.
Xanthixus flavescens fugans Koelz, 1952, Journ. Zool. Soc. India,
4, p. 40 — Karong, Manipur.
The hill tracts of Assam (south of the Brahmaputra) and of
western Burma.
17
246 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pycnonotus flavescens vividus (Stuart Baker)
Xanthiscus flavescens vivida Stuart Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 38, p. 16 — Salween District, and Mulayit Taung, Amherst
District, Tenasserim.
Xanthixus flavescens berliozi Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
47, p. 14 — Xieng Khouang [lat. 19° 19’ N., long. 103° 22’ E.],
Laos.
From northeastern Burma and western Yunnan southward,
through the Shan and Karenni States and the hills of northwestern
Thailand, to central Tenasserim (Amherst District); northern Laos
and northwestern Tonkin.
Pycnonotus flavescens sordidus (Robinson and Kloss)
Xanthiscus flavescens sordidus Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis,
p. 569 — Arbre Broyé, Haut-Donai Province, Annam.
Southern Laos (Saravane Province) and southern Annam (Haut-
Donai Province).
Pycnonotus flavescens leucops (Sharpe)
Oreoctistes leucops Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 388, pl. 9, fig. 1 — Kina
Balu, North Borneo.
Highlands of northern Borneo.
PYCNONOTUS GOIAVIER
Pycnonotus goiavier jambu Deignan
Pycnonotus goiavier jambu Deignan, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 75,
p. 130 — Ban Maha Chai [lat. 13°30’ N., long. 100° 15’ E.],
Thailand.
The lowlands of Cochin China and Cambodia and the coastal
provinces of southeastern and central Thailand from Trat west-
ward to Samut Songkhram.
Pycnonotus goiavier personatus (Hume)
Otocompsa personata ‘““Davison”” Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1,
p. 457 — Kutaraja [lat. 5°32’ N., long. 95° 20’ E.], Sumatra.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui Dis-
trict) and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme south; the Riouw
Archipelago; Sumatra; Bangka and Billiton.
Pycnonotus goiavier analis (Horsfield)
Turdus analis Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13,
p. 147 — Java.
Java and the Karimun Java Islands; Bali; Lombok.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 247
Pycnonotus goiavier gourdini G. R. Gray
Plycnonotus]. Yourdini [sic] ““(Homb. & Jacq.) G. R. Gray, 1847,
Gen. Birds 1, p. [237] — Banjermasin [lat. 3° 20’S., long. 114°
35’ E.], Borneo, ex Jacquinot and Pucheran, 1853, Voyage au
Poéle Sud, Zool., 3, p. 79. Based on the ““Turdoide de gourdin”
of Hombron and Jacquinot, 1844, Voyage au Pole Sud, Atlas,
pl. 14, fig. 1.
Ixos gourdini Jacquinot and Pucheran, 1853, Voyage au Pole
Sud, Zool., 3, p. 79 — Banjermasin, Borneo.
Pycnonotus analis (Horsf.) var. alba A. B. Meyer, 1884, Zeitschr.
Ges. Orn., 1, p. 213 — Banjermasin, Borneo.
Borneo and the Maratua Islands.
Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier (Scopoli)
Muscicapa (Goiavier) Scopoli, 1786, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr.,
fasc. 2, p. 96 — Manila, Luzon, ex Sonnerat.
The northern and central Philippine Islands.
Pycnonotus goiavier suluensis Mearns
Pycnonotus govavier suluensis Mearns, 1909, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
36, p. 470 — Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago.
The southern Philippine Islands (Mindanao, Basilan, and the Sulu
Archipelago).
PYCNONOTUS LUTEOLUS
White-browed Bulbul
Pycnonotus luteolus luteolus (Lesson)
Haematornis luteolus Lesson, 1841, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 3, p. 354
— India; type locality restricted to Bombay, by Stuart Baker,
1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, no. 3, p. 471.
Pycnonotus flavirictus Strickland, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
13, p. 413 — Madras, India.
[Pycnonotus] dumeticolus Jerdon, 1845, Madras Journ. Lit.
Sci., 13, p. 126. In synonymy with Pycnonotus flavirictus Strick-
land.
The coastal states of peninsular India, from the Gulf of Cambay
on the West, and from West Bengal on the East, southward to
Cape Comorin.
Pycnonotus luteolus insulae Whistler and Kinnear
Pycnonotus luteolus insulae Whistler and Kinnear, 1932,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, no. 4, p. 759 — Tellula,
Ceylon.
The lowlands of Ceylon.
17*
248 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
PYCNONOTUS PLUMOSUS
Pycnonotus plumosus plumosus Blyth
Plycnonotus|. plumosus Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
14, p. 567 — Singapore.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme south; the Riouw Archipe-
lago; Bangka; eastern Sumatra; Java; Bawean Island.
Pycnonotus plumosus porphyreus Oberholser
P{icnonotus]. [sic] inornatus “Kuhl” Bonaparte, 1850, Consp.
Gen. Av., 1, p. 263— Sumatra; type locality restricted to
Padang [lat. 0° 58’ S., long. 100° 21’ E.], by Kloss, 1931, Treu-
bia, 13, p. 343. Not Ixos inornatus Fraser, 1843.
Pycnonotus plumosus porphyreus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 60, no. 7, p. 11 — North Pagi Island, West Sumatran
Islands.
Western Sumatra and its offshore islands (Banyak Group, Nias,
Batu and Mentawi Groups).
Pycnonotus plumosus billitonis Chasen
Pycnonotus plumosus billitonis Chasen, 1935, Orn. Monatsb., 43,
p. 148 — Billiton.
Billiton; western and southern Borneo.
Pycnonotus plumosus hutzi Stresemann
Pycnonotus plumosus hutzi Stresemann, 1938, Temminckia, 3,
p- 128— Long Peleben, on the Sungei Bulungan, eastern
Borneo.
Northern and eastern Borneo.
Pycnonotus plumosus chiroplethis Oberholser
Pycnonotus plumosus chiroplethis Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., no. 98, p. 41 — Pulau Siantan [lat. 3° 10’ N., long.
106° 15’ E.], Anamba Islands.
Pulau Tinggi (off Johore) and the Anamba Islands.
Pycnonotus plumosus hachisukae Deignan
Pycnonotus plumosus insularis Chasen and Kloss, 1929, Journ. f.
Orn., Erginzungsb. 2, p. 115 — Banggai Island [lat. 7° 15’ N.,
long. 117° 10’ E.], North Borneo. Not Andropadus insularis
Hartlaub, 1861.
Pycnonotus plumosus hachisukae Deignan, 1952, Auk, 69, p. 465.
New name for Pycnonotus plumosus insularis Chasen and Kloss,
preoccupied.
Islands off North Borneo (Balembangan, Banggai, Malawali, Ca-
gayan Sulu).
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 249
Pycnonotus plumosus cinereifrons (Tweeddale)
Brachypus cinereifrons Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 617 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan.
Palawan.
PYCNONOTUS BLANFORDI
Pycnonotus blanfordi blanfordi Jerdon
Pycnonotus blanfordi Jerdon, 1862, Ibis, p. 20, footnote — Thayet-
myo [lat. 19° 19’ N., long 95° 11’ E.], Upper Burma.
The lowlands of central and southern Burma (excepting Arakan
and Tenasserim).
Pycnonotus blanfordi conradi (Finsch)
Criniger Conradi Finsch, 1873, in Finsch and Conrad, Verh. k. k.
zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 23, p. 349 — Bangkok [lat. 13° 45’ N.,
long. 100° 30’ E.], Thailand.
Pycnonotus robinsoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1905, “Author’s Advance
Copy” from Fasciculi Malayenses, Zool., pt. 3, p. 85 — Tanjong,
Pattani = Laem Pho [lat. 6° 55’ N., long. 101° 15’ E.], Thailand.
Excepting the Mekong drainage of the northern plateau, all Thai-
land and south into northern Malaya; central and southern Laos,
Cambodia, Cochin China, and the southern half of Annam.
PYCNONOTUS SIMPLEX
Pycnonotus simplex simplex Lesson
Picnonotus [sic] simplex Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 2, p. 167
— Sumatra.
Pycnonotus olivaceus chloeodis Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
60, no. 7, p. 11 — Tapanuli Bay [lat. 1° 39’ N., long. 98° 45’ E.],
Sumatra.
Peninsular Thailand (Krabi Province southward) and Malaya;
the Riouw and Lingga Archipelagos; Sumatra; the West Sumatran
Islands (Nias and the Batu Group).
Pycnonotus simplex prillwitzi Hartert
Pycnonotus prillwitzi Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 561 —
Karang Bolong [lat. 7° 45’ S., long. 109° 28’ E.], Java.
Java.
Pycnonotus simplex oblitus Deignan
Pycnonotus simplex oblitus Deignan, 1954, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 44, p. 124 — Pulau Serasan [lat. 2°31’ N., long.
109° 02’ E.], Natuna Islands.
Bangka; Billiton; southern and western Borneo; southern Natuna
Islands.
250 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pycnonotus simplex halizonus Oberholser
Pycnonotus simplex halizonus Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus., no. 98, p. 43 — Pulau Jemaija [lat. 2° 55’ N., long. 105°
45’ K.], Anamba Islands.
Pycnonotus simplex axanthizus Oberholser, 1932, Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus., no. 159, p. 78 — Pulau Bunguran [lat. 3°55’ N., long.
108° 14’ E.], Natuna Islands.
Anamba Islands; northern Natuna Islands.
Pycnonotus simplex perplexus Chasen and Kloss
Pycnonotus simplex perplexus Chasen and Kloss, 1929, Journ. f.
Orn., Erganzungsb., 2, p. 116 — Balembangan Island [lat.
7°17'N., long. 116° 57’ E.], North Borneo.
Northern and eastern Borneo; Balembangan Island.
PYCNONOTUS BRUNNEUS
Pycnonotus brunneus brunneus Blyth
[Pycnonotus| brunneus Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
14, p. 568 — Malacca.
Brachypus modestus “‘A. Hay” Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 14, p. 568. In synonymy with Pycnonotus brunneus
Blyth.
Pycnonotus brunneus zaphaeus Oberholser, 1917, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., no. 54, p. 194 — Pulau Mata Siri [lat. 4° 48’ S., long. 115°
48’ K.], Laurot Islands.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme South; Sumatra; West Suma-
tran Islands (Banyak Group, Nias, Batu Group); Karimata Islands;
Laurot Islands; Borneo; Banggai Island.
Pycnonotus brunneus zapolius Oberholser
Pycnonotus brunneus zapolius Oberholser, 1917, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., no. 98, p. 45 — Pulau Siantan [lat. 3° 10’ N., long. 106°
15’ E.], Anamba Islands.
Pulau Tioman (off Pahang) and the Anamba Islands.
PYCNONOTUS ERYTHROPTHALMOS
Pycnonotus erythropthalmos erythropthalmos (Hume)
I[xos]. erythropthalmos Hume, 1878, in Hume and Davison, Stray
Feathers, 6, p. 314 — region of the Pak Chan Estuary and
Bankasun, Mergui, Tenasserim.
Pycnonotus erythropthalmos cyanochrus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Mise. Coll., 60, no. 7, p. 10 — Rupat Strait [lat. 1° 42’ N., long.
101° 27’ K.], Sumatra.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 251
Pycnonotus erythropthalmos isus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 60, no. 7, p. 10 — Pulau Tuangku [lat. 2°10’ N., long.
97° 16’ E.], West Sumatran Islands.
Pycnonotus erythropthalmos pammicrus Oberholser, 1912, Smiths.
Mise. Coll., 60, no. 7, p. 11 — Nias, West Sumatran Islands.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme South; Billiton; Sumatra;
the West Sumatran Islands (Banyak Group, Nias, Batu Group).
Pycnonotus erythropthalmos salvadorii Sharpe
Pycnonotus pusillus Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5,
p- 200 — Sarawak. Not Haematornis pusillus Blyth, 1841.
P{ycnonotus]. salvadorii Sharpe, 1882, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6
(1881), p. 401. New name for Pycnonotus pusillus Salvadori,
preoccupied.
Borneo.
PYCNONOTUS MASUKUENSIS
Pycnonotus masukuensis kakamegae (Sharpe)
Xenocichla kakamegae Sharpe, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, p. 29
— Kakamega Forest, Nandi.
Eastern Ituri Forest of Belgian Congo; also western Kenya (base
of Mt. Elgon to Kakamega), and Mabali Mts., 8. Kigoma, western
Tanganyika Territory at 6,000 ft.
Pycnonotus masukuensis roehli (Reichenow)
Andropadus roehli Reichenow, 1905, Orn. Monatsb., 13, p. 181 —
Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal in Usambara.
South Pare, Usambara, Uluguru, Nguru, Iringa, Mahenge and
Songea highlands of Tanganyika Territory.
Pycnonotus masukuensis masukuensis (Shelley)
Andropadus masukuensis Shelley, 1897, Ibis, p. 534 — Masuku
Range, 7,000 feet.
Mountains of Rungwe District, southwestern Tanganyika Terri-
tory and Masuku Mountains, Northern Nyasaland.
PYCNONOTUS MONTANUS
Pycnonotus montanus (Reichenow)
Andropadus montanus Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 188
— Buea, 950m., Cameroon Mt.
Andropadus concolor Bates, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 46, p. 89
— Lake Bambulue, near Bamenda, Cameroon, 6,000—7,000 feet
Mount Cameroon and Manenguba, Bamenda and Rumpi high-
lands of Cameroon.
bo
Or
bo
CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
PYCNONOTUS VIRENS
Pycnonotus virens erythropterus (Hartlaub)
Andropadus erythropterus Hartlaub, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 292 — Ashanti.
Andropadus virens var. grisescens Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Afr., 3,
p. 412 — Upper Guinea.
Andropadus virens saturatior Bannerman, 1924, Rev. Zool. Afr.,
12, p. 24 — Gunnal, Portuguese Guinea.
Upper Guinea from Gambia to southern Nigeria.
Pycnonotus virens virens (Cassin)
Andropadus virens Cassin, 1858, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, (1857), p. 34 — Cape Lopez and River Muni, West Africa.
Lower Guinea, from Fernando Po and Mt. Cameroon to Angola,
east across the Congo to Mt. Ruwenzori area of Uganda, and
southern Sudan.
Pycnonotus virens holochlorus (van Someren)
Eurillas virens holochlorus van Someren, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29,
p. 189 — Sezibwa River, Uganda.
Uganda forests (except Mt. Ruwenzori area). Possibly southern
Sudan birds belong here.
Pycnonotus virens zombensis (Shelley)
Andropadus zombensis Shelley, 1894, Ibis, p. 10 — Zomba; Mi-
lanji Hills, Nyasaland.
Northern Northern Rhodesia (Mwinilunga) and southeastern Bel-
gian Congo (Upper Katanga) to Nyasaland, adjacent Mozambique,
and north into southern Tanganyika Territory (to foothills of Ulu-
guru Mountains and Mafia Island).
Pycnonotus virens marwitzi (Reichenow)
Andropadus marwitzi Reichenow, 1895, Orn. Monatsb., 3, p. 188
— Marangu (Kilimanjaro).
Eurillas virens shimba van Someren, 1930, Journ. East Afr.
poe Nat. Hist. Soc., no. 37, p. 197 — Ganda Forest, Kenya
oast.
Usambara, Kilimanjaro, and the Vanga-Rabai area of coastal
Kenya.
Pycnonotus virens zanzibaricus (Pakenham)
Eurillas virens zanzibaricus Pakenham, 1935, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
55, p. 111 — Jozani Forest, Zanzibar.
Zanzibar.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 20a
PYCNONOTUS GRACILIS
Pycnonotus gracilis extremus (Hartert)
Andropadus gracilis extremus Hartert, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29,
p- 369 — near Mattra near Sherbro, Jong River, Sierra Leone.
Upper Guinea, from Sierra Leone to Gold Coast (Ghana).
Pycnonotus gracilis gracilis (Cabanis)!
Andropadus gracilis Cabanis, 1880, Orn. Centralb., 5, p. 174 —
Angola.
Southern Nigeria and Mt. Cameroon area over the Belgian Congo
to Uele, and south to the Kasai and northern Angola.
Pycnonotus gracilis ugandae (van Someren)
Andropadus ugandae van Someren, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35,
p. 127 — Mabira Forest, Uganda.
Uganda and probably parts of eastern Belgian Congo forests.
PYCNONOTUS ANSORGEI
Pycnonotus ansorgei ansorgei (Hartert)
Andropadus ansorgei Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21, p. 10
— Degama, southern Nigeria.
Andropadus ansorget muniensis Grote, 1924, Orn. Monatsb., 32,
p. 70 — Akonangi, Spanish Guinea (Muni area).
Sierra Leone, southern Nigeria to Gaboon, Kwango, the Kasai,
and the eastern Belgian Congo (Kivu, Ituri, and Uele).
Pycnonotus ansorgei kavirondensis (van Someren)
Charitillas kavirondensis van Someren, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
40, p. 95 — Kakamega Forest, Kenya.
North Kavirondo to Mt. Elgon area in Kenya Colony.
PYCNONOTUS CURVIROSTRIS
Pycnonotus curvirostris leoninus (Bates)
Andropadus curvirostris leoninus Bates, 1930, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
51, p. 52 — Buedu near Kailahun, extreme east Sierra Leone.
Upper Guinea from Sierra Leone to interior Gold Coast (Ghana)
(Goas and Mampong in Ashanti).
Pycnonotus curvirostris curvirostris? (Cassin)
Andropadus curvirostris Cassin, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi-
ladelphia (1859), p. 46 — Camma River, Western Africa.
1 Hurillas minor of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list’” is a synonym.
2 Andropadus alexandri Oustalet, 1892, and Stelgidillas cameronensis
(Reichenow), 1891, of Sharpe’s Handlist are synonyms.
254 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Andropadus curvirostris angolensis Meise, 1958, Abh. Verh. Natur-
wiss. Vereins Hamburg, (n.s.) 2, (1957), p.70— Canzele,
northern Angola.
Southern Gold Coast (Ghana) (Fanti and Prahsu), Nigeria and
Fernando Po to northern Angola and east through the Congo to
Uganda, southern Sudan, and western Kenya (Kavirondo).
PYCNONOTUS IMPORTUNUS
Pycnonotus importunus fricki (Mearns)
Andropadus fricki Mearns, 1914, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 61, no. 25,
p. 4— north base of Endoto Mountain, British East Africa.
Andropadus fricki kitungensis Mearns, 1914, Smiths. Mise. Coll.,
61, no. 25, p. 4 — Sir Alfred Pease’s farm at Kitunga, 7,000 feet,
British East Africa.
Central Kenya Colony; known from the type localities and the
junction of the Thika and Tana Rivers.
Pycnonotus importunus somaliensis (Reichenow)
Andropadus insularis somaliensis Reichenow, 1904, Journ. f. Orn.,
52, p. 133 — Barawa, southern Somaliland.
Southern Somaliland to the Middle and lower Juba River area.
Pycnonotus importunus subalaris (Reichenow)
Andropadus insularis subalaris Reichenow, 1903, Journ. f. Orn.,
51, p. 544 — Malindi, East Africa.
Phyllastrephus kilimandjaricus Sjostedt, 1908, Wissensch. Ergeb.
Schwed. Exp. Kilima.-Meru, 1, no. 3, p. 140 — Kibonoto, Kili-
manjaro, 1,300 meters.
Kenya lowlands from Manda Island south to the Tanganyika
border and inland to the mid-Tana River and foothills of Mt. Kili-
manjaro.
Pycnonotus importunus insularis (Hartlaub)!
Andropadus insularis Hartlaub, 1861, Orn. Beitr. Faun. Mada-
gascar, p. 44 — west coast of Madagascar [probably = Zanzibar.
See Reichenow, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 409, footnote].
Zanzibar and the Tanganyika coast from Dar-es-Salaam north to
Pangani River.
Pycnonotus importunus hypoxanthus (Sharpe)
Andropadus hypoxanthus Sharpe, 1876, in Layard, Birds S. Afr.,
p. 205 — Tette, Zambesi country.
Southern Tanganyika Territory (Mafia Island and Mikindani),
through Mozambique to the Zambesi and thence inland to Tete, Nya-
saland (north to Nkata Bay), and adjacent Northern Rhodesia.
1 Andropadus flavescens af Sharpe’s Handlist is a synonym.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 255
Pycnonotus importunus oleaginus (Peters)
Andropadus oleaginus Peters, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., 16, p. 133 —
Lourenzo Marques.
Andropadus importunus mentor Clancey, 1952, Ann. Natal Mus.,
12, p. 251 — Shimula’s Pont, Pongola River, N. E. Zululand.
Portuguese East Africa south of the Zambezi, and northeastern
Zululand.
Pycnonotus importunus noomei (Roberts)
Andropadus importunus noomei Roberts, 1917, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 5, p. 259 — Haenertsburg, northeastern Transvaal.
Northern and eastern Transvaal and eastern Southern Rhodesia,
western Swaziland, southern Zululand, Natal, Pondoland and East
Griqualand (eastern Cape).
Pycnonotus importunus importunus (Vieillot)
Turdus wmportunus Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 20, p. 266 — Anteniquoi [= Outeniqua] Forest [Cape Pro-
vince].
Southern and eastern Cape Province.
PYCNONOTUS LATIROSTRIS
Pycnonotus latirostris congener (Reichenow)
Andropadus congener Reichenow, 1897, Journ. f. Orn., 45, p. 45
— Agome Tongbe, Togoland.
Upper Guinea from (Senegal?) and Portuguese Guinea to southern
Nigeria (Lagos).
Pycnonotus latirostris latirostris (Strickland)
Andropadus latirostris Strickland, 1844, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 100 — Fernando Po.
Eurillas efulenensis Sharpe, 1904, Ibis, p. 636 — Efulen, Came-
roon.
Andropadus latirostris longus Meise, 1958, Abh. Verh. Naturwiss.
Vereins Hamburg, (n.s.) 2 (1957), p. 71 — Canzele, northern
Angola.
Fernando Po and southern Nigeria (Owerri and Mt. Cameroon
area), to Gaboon and northern Angola through the Belgian Congo
to Uele, Kasai, and Manyema and perhaps at low altitudes in eastern
Congo.
Pycnonotus latirostris eugenius (Reichenow)
Andropadus eugenius Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 53
— Bukoba, Victoria Nyanza.
256 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Mountains of the eastern Belgian Congo, northwestern Tanga-
nyika Territory (Bukoba, also Kungwe-Mahare highland), forests
of Uganda, southern Sudan and Kenya west of the Rift Valley.
Pycnonotus latirostris saturatus (Mearns)
Stelgidocichla latirostris pallida Mearns, 1914 (not Pycnonotus
layardi pallidus Roberts, 1912), Smiths. Misc. Coll., 61, no. 25,
p.-5—summit of Mount Gargues, 7,100 feet, British East
Africa.
Stelgidocichla latirostris saturata Mearns, 1914, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
61, no. 25, p. 6 — Honi River, southwest base of Mt. Kenya,
British East Africa.
Stelgidocichla latirostris australis Moreau, 1941, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 62, p. 29 — Moisi Forest (about, 8,000 feet) near Sumba-
wanga, Ufipa Distr., Tanganyika Territory.
Pycnonotus latirostris williamsi Deignan, 1952, Auk, 69, p. 465 —
new name for Stelgidocichla latirostris pallida Mearns, 1914, not
Pycnonotus layardi pallidus Roberts, 1912, when both are put
in Pycnonotus.
Highlands of Kenya Colony east of the Rift Valley (Mt. Gargues,
Mt. Kenya and Nairobi areas); also Ufipa Highlands of western
Tanganyika Territory.
PYCNONOTUS GRACILIROSTRIS
Pycnonotus gracilirostris gracilirostris! (Strickland)
Andropadus gracilirostris Strickland, 1844, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 101 — Fernando Po.
Stelgidillas poensis Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, p. 35
— Sipopo, Fernando Po.
Upper Guinea from southern Senegal to southern Nigeria and
Fernando Po.
Pycnonotus gracilirostris congensis (Reichenow)
Andropadus gracilirostris congensis Reichenow, 1916, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 24, p. 181 — Leopoldville, Congo.
Southern Cameroon to northern Angola and east to the eastern
Congo Forests.
Pycnonotus gracilirostris chagwensis (van Someren)
Chlorocichla gracilirostris chagwensis van Someren, 1915, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, p. 127 — Nazigo Hill, Chagwe Prov., Uganda.
Forests of Uganda and western Kenya (Kericho; Kaimosi);
southern Sudan and western Tanganyika Territory (Kungwe) birds
probably belong here also.
1 A. liberiensis Reichenow, 1895, of Sharpe’s ‘“‘Handlist” is also a synonym.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 257
Pycnonotus gracilirostris percivali (Neumann)
Criniger gracilirostris percivali Neumann, 1903, Orn. Monatsb.,
11, p. 185 — Fort Smith, Kikuyu.
Central Kenya (Mt. Kenya, Nairobi and Kikuyu areas).
PYCNONOTUS TEPHROLAEMUS
Pycnonotus tephrolaemus tephrolaemus (Gray)
Trichophorus tephrolaemus Gray, 1862, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3),
10, p. 444 — Cameroon Mt., 7,000 feet.
Fernando Po and Cameroon Mt.
Pycnonotus tephrolaemus bamendae (Bannerman)
Andropadus tephrolaemus bamendae Bannerman, 1923, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 44, p.44—near Bamenda (5,500 feet), Cameroon
highlands.
Bamenda-Banso, Manenguba, Kupe, and Rumpis Highlands of
Cameroon, and Obudu Plateau of southeastern Nigeria.
Pycnonotus tephrolaemus kikuyuensis (Sharpe)
Xenocichla kikuyuensis Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 118 — Kikuyu.
Phyllastrephus schubotzi Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16,
p. 47 — Lugege Forest [= Rugege Forest near Lake Kivu].
Mountains of eastern Belgian Congo and western Uganda; also
Kenya Highlands, except the extreme southwest.
Pycnonotus tephrolaemus kungwensis (Moreau)
Arizelocichla tephrolaema kungwensis Moreau, 1941, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 61, p. 60 — Kungwe Mt. (6,900 feet), Kigoma District,
Western Tanganyika Territory.
Kungwe Mt., western Tanganyika Territory.
Pycnonotus tephrolaemus nigriceps (Shelley)
Xenocichla nigriceps Shelley, 1890, Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1889),
p. 362 — Kilimanjaro, 6,000 feet.
Mountains of central northern Tanganyika Territory (Mt. Kili-
manjaro to Hanang) and southwestern Kenya (Loita).
Pycnonotus tephrolaemus usambarae (Grote)
Phyllastrephus tephrolaemus usambarae Grote, 1919, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 27, p. 62 — Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal in Usambara.
Arizelocichla nigriceps percivali Hartert, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
42, p. 50 — Usambara Mts., Tanganyika Territory.
Usambara and south Pare Mts., northeastern Tanganyika Ter-
ritory.
258 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Pycnonotus tephrolaemus neumanni (Hartert)
Arizelocichla neumanni Hartert, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42,
p. 50 — Uluguru Mts. in eastern (not “‘western’”’) Tanganyika
Territory.
Uluguru Mountains of eastern Tanganyika Territory.
Pycnonotus tephrolaemus fusciceps (Shelley)
Xenocichla fusciceps Shelley, 1893, Ibis, p. 13 — Milanji Plateau,
4,000-5,000 feet, Nyasaland.
Highlands of southwest Tanganyika Territory (Rungwe District),
extreme southeastern Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and north-
western Portuguese East Africa (Namuli).
Pycnonotus tephrolaemus chlorigula (Reichenow)
Xenocichla chlorigulat Reichenow, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 8 —
Kalinga, southern German East Africa [Iringa District].
Phyllastrephus chlorigula schusteri Reichenow, 1913, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 21, p. 161 — Nguru Mts., 2,000 meters, German East
Africa.
Highlands of Iringa District and Nguru Mts., central Tanganyika
Territory.
PYCNONOTUS MILANJENSIS
Pycnonotus milanjensis striifacies (Reichenow and Neumann)
Xenocichla striifacies Reichenow and Neumann, 1895, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 3, p. 74 — Marangu, Kilimanjaro.
Arizelocichla milamjensis chyulu van Someren, 1939, Journ. East
Afr. Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 64 — Chyulu Hills, Camp 3,
7,000 feet, Kenya.
Highlands in southeastern Kenya (Teita and Chyulu); and in
Tanganyika Territory (Kilimanjaro to Iringa Highlands).
Pycnonotus milanjensis olivaceiceps (Shelley)
Criniger olivaceiceps Shelley, 1896, Ibis, p. 179 — Mt. Chiradzulu,
Nyasaland.
Highland forest from Rungwe Highlands of southwestern Tan-
ganyika Territory to Cholo District of Nyasaland; also Unangu,
Portuguese East Africa.
Pycnonotus milanjensis milanjensis (Shelley)
Xenocichla milanjensis Shelley, 1894, Ibis, p.9, pl. 1, fig. 1 —
Milanji Hills, Nyasaland.
Milanje Mountains, Nyasaland and eastern Mashonaland, South-
ern Rhodesia; also Chiperoni and Namuli Mt., Portuguese East
Africa.
1 Chlorilaema of Sharpe’s ““Handlist’”’ is an invalid emendation.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 259
Genus CALYPTOCICHLA OBERHOLSER
Calyptocichla Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 165
(for Trichites Heine, 1860; not Trichites Lycett, 1850). Type,
by original designation, Criniger serinus.
CALYPTOCICHLA SERINA
Calyptocichla serina (J. and E. Verreaux)
Criniger serinus J. and KE. Verreaux, 1855, Journ. f. Orn., 3, p. 105
— Gabon.
Forested regions from Sierra Leone to Cameroon, Fernando Po,
Gaboon, and lower Congo and east through the Belgian Congo to
Semliki Valley.
GENUS BAEOPOGON HEINE
Baeopogon Heine, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 139. Type, by orig-
inal designation, Criniger indicator Verreaux.
BAEOPOGON INDICATOR
Baeopogon indicator leucurus (Cassin)
Tricophorus leucurus Cassin, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 7, (1855), p. 328 — St. Paul’s River [Liberia].
Sierra Leone and Liberia.
Baeopogon indicator togoensis (Reichenow)
Phyllastrephus indicator togoensis Reichenow, 1917, Journ. f. Orn.,
65, p. 115 — Togo. (Type specimen from Agome Tongbe ac-
cording to Gyldenstolpe, 1924, K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl.
(3); 1, no: 3, p- 180:)
Andropadus indicator ussheri Bannerman, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
CL, 41, p. 6 — Fanti, Gold Coast.
Gold Coast (Ghana) and Togoland.
Baeopogon indicator indicator (Verreaux)
Criniger indicator J. and E. Verreaux, 1855, Journ. f. Orn., 3,
p. 105 — Gabon.
Bleda batesi Sharpe, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 19 — Efulen,
Cameroon.
Chlorocichla indicator chlorosaturata van Someren, 1915, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, p. 127 — Kyetume Forest, Uganda.
Phyllastrephus indicator lacuum Reichenow, 1917, Journ. f. Orn.,
65, p. 115 — Beni [Semliki Valley].
260 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Phyllastrephus indicator congensis Reichenow, 1917, Journ. f. Orn.,
65, p. 115 — Congo (‘Type specimen from Leopoldville, Belgian
Congo, according to Gyldenstolpe, 1924).
Southern Nigeria, British Cameroon to northern Angola east-
ward to southern Sudan, western Kenya (Nandi), and Ruwenzori.
BAEOPOGON CLAMANS
Baeopogon clamans (Sjéstedt)
Xenocichla clamans Sjostedt, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1, p. 28 —
Ekundu, Cameroon.
British Cameroon to Gaboon eastward to northeastern Belgian
Congo (southern Uele and perhaps Semliki Valley).
Genus IXONOTUS VERREAUX
Ixonotus Verreaux, 1851, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris), p. 306. Type, by
monotypy, Jxonotus guttatus Verreaux.
IXONOTUS GUTTATUS
Ixonotus guttatus guttatus! Verreaux
Ixonotus guttatus J. and E.Verreaux, 1851, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris),
p- 306 Gabon.
Liberia to Gaboon, Portuguese Congo; probably Kasai and west-
ern Belgian Congo birds belong here.
Ixonotus guttatus bugoma Rand
Ixonotus guttatus bugoma Rand, 1955, Fieldiana: Zool. (Chicago),
34, p. 335 — Bugoma Forest, Uganda.
Western Uganda forests and eastern Belgian Congo.
GEeNus CHLOROCICHLA SuHarPE
Chlorocichla Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6, p. 3, 112.
Type, by subsequent designation, Reichenow, Vo6g. Afr., 3,
p. 388, T'richophorus flaviventris Smith.
Atimastillas Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 155.
Type, by original designation, Haematornis flavicollis Swainson.
CHLOROCICHLA FALKENSTEINI
Chlorocichla falkensteini (Reichenow)
Criniger Falkensteini Reichenow, 1874, Journ. f. Orn., 22, p. 458
— Chinchoxo, Loango Coast.
1 Txonotus landanae Oust. of Sharpe’s “‘Handlist”’ is a synonym of Telo-
phorus viridis Vieillot.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 261
Pycnonotus viridescentior Sharpe, 1904, Ibis, p. 638 — River Ja,
Cameroon.
West Africa from southern British Cameroon to northern Angola
and Lower Congo River (Stanley Pool).
CHLOROCICHLA SIMPLEX
Chlorocichla simplex (Hartlaub)
Trichophorus simplex! Hartlaub, 1855, Journ. f. Orn., 3, p. 356 —
Rio Boiitry, Gold Coast.
Forested West Africa from Portuguese Guinea to Angola, and east
oe Belgian Congo to upper Uele, Semliki Valley and southern
asai.
CHLOROCICHLA FLAVICOLLIS
Chlorocichla flavicollis flavicollis (Swainson)
Haematornis flavicollis Swainson, 1837, Birds West Afr., 1, p. 259
— West Africa.
Phyllastrephus flavicollis adamauae Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 18, p.94— Ngendero [Genderu] Mountains, North
Cameroon.
Senegal to eastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon (Galim).
Chlorocichla flavicollis simplicicolor (Grote)
Xenocichla flavicollis simplicicolor Grote, 1924, Orn. Monatsb., 32,
p- 45 — Bosum, Uam Distr., Eastern Cameroon [= French
Equatorial Africa].
Uam District of French Equatorial Africa (additional material
needed to clarify the range and status of this form).
Chlorocichla flavicollis soror (Neumann)
Xenocichla flavicollis soror Neumann, 1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22,
p- 9 — Kamadekke, Ng’Goumie River, Ogowe, Gabon.
Southern British Cameroon, French Cameroon (north to Tibati),
Gaboon and the lower Congo east to southern Bahr-el-Ghazal, Lake
Albert, Semliki River and south to northern Kasai and Manyema.
Chlorocichla flavicollis flavigula (Cabanis)
Trichophorus flavigula Cabanis, 1880, Orn. Centralb., 5, p. 174 —
Angola.
Angola and the southwestern Belgian Congo east to Lake Tan-
ganyika and northern Northern Rhodesia.
1 Bleda harterti and Stelgidillas marchei of Sharpe’s ‘““Handlist” are syno-
nyms.
18
262 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Chlorocichla flavicollis pallidigula (Sharpe)
Xenocichla pallidigula Sharpe, 1897, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, p.7
— Entebbe.
Xenocichla flavicollis shelleyi Neumann, 1900, Journ. f. Orn., 48,
p. 292 — Muansa [S. shore of Victoria Nyanza].
From Usumbura (northeast shore of Lake Tanganyika) and Kivu
Highlands, through Uganda and western Kenya.
CHLOROCICHLA FLAVIVENTRIS
Chlorocichla flaviventris centralis Reichenow
Chlorocichla centralis Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 74
— Loeru, Tanganyika Territory.
Chlorocichla mombasae Shelley, 1896, Birds Afr., 1, p. 64 — Mom-
basa.
Chlorocichla flaviventris meruensis Mearns, 1914, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
61, no. 25, p. 3 — Meru Forest on the Equator near Mt. Kenya,
British East Africa.
Chlorocichla flaviventris chyuluensis van Someren, 1939, Journ.
East Afr. Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 68 — Chyulu Range,
5,000 ft.
From Kenya (Jubaland and the foothills of Mt. Kenya) to
northern Portuguese East Africa.
Chlorocichla flaviventris occidentalis Sharpe
Chlorocichla occidentalis Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6,
p. 113, pl. viii — Angola and Ovaquenyama, Damaraland,
according to Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 390; “type”
from Angola.
Chlorocichla zambesiae Shelley, 1896, Birds Afr., 1, p. 64 — South
Zambesia [probably near Victoria Falls, according to Sclater].
Chlorocichla flaviventris dilutior White, 1946, Ibis, 88, p. 80 —
Balovale, Northern Rhodesia.
From southern Portuguese East Africa to Bechuanaland, northern
South West Africa, and southern Angola north to southeastern
Belgian Congo (Katanga and Manyema), and Nyasaland.
Chlorocichla flaviventris flaviventris (Smith)
Trichophorus flaviventris Smith, 1834, So. Afr. Quart. Journ.,
2nd Ser., no. 2, p. 143 — near Port Natal [¢.e. Durban].
Natal and Zululand.
CHLOROCICHLA LAETISSIMA
Chlorocichla laetissima laetissima (Sharpe)
Andropadus laetissimus Sharpe, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10,
p. 27 — Nandi, Equatorial Africa [Kenya Colony].
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 263
Forests above about 4,000 feet in eastern Belgian Congo, Uganda,
southern Sudan, and western Kenya.
Chlorocichla laetissima schoutedeni Prigogine
Chlorocichla laetissima schoutedeni Prigogine, 1954, Rev. Zool.
Bot. Afr., 49, p. 348 — Mt. Kabobo, 29° 2’ E.; 5° 8’S. at 1,440
meters [eastern Belgian Congo].
Known only from the type locality.
Genus THESCELOCICHLA Oberholser
Thescelocichla Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 154.
Type, by original designation, Phyllastrephus leucopleurus
Cassin.
THESCELOCICHLA LEUCOPLEURA
Thescelocichla leucopleura (Cassin)
Phyllostrophus leucopleurus Cassin, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 7, (1855), p. 238 — Moonda River [Gabon].
West Africa from Sierra Leone (perhaps southern Senegal) to
the mouth of the Congo River, and east across the Belgian Congo
to the Uele, southern Kasai and western Uganda (Bwamba Valley).
GENUS PHYLLASTREPHUS! Swatnson
Phyllastrephus Swainson, 1831, in Swainson and Richardson,
Fauna Bor. Amer., 2, Birds, p. 486. Type, by original designa-
tion, ““Le Jaboteur” Levaill. = Phyllastrephus terrestris Swain-
son.
Argaleocichla Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 160.
Type, by original designation, T'richophorus icterinus Bp.
Prosphorocichla Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 156.
Type, by original designation, Phyllastrephus scandens Swainson
(to replace Pyrrhurus Cassin, 1859, erroneously thought to be
preoccupied by Pyrrhura Bonaparte, 1856).
Sclaterillas Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 226. Type,
by original designation, Andropadus debilis Sclater.
Ayresillas Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 226. Type,
by original designation, Phyllostrophus flavostriatus Sharpe.
Xanthomiscus Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 367 (error for
Xanthomixus).
cf. Rand, 1936, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 72, p. 453-455 (Ma-
dagascar forms).
1 Also included are: Phyllostrophus (a synonym), Bernieria, Pyrrhurus,
Crossleyia, Nesobates and Xanthomixus, of Sharpe’s “‘Handlist’’. Phyllostro-
phus kretschmert Reichenow and Neumann of Sharpe’s “‘Handlist”’ is trans-
ferred to Suaheliornis (Sylviidae).
ikehe
264 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
PHYLLASTREPHUS SCANDENS
Phyllastrephus scandens scandens Swainson
Phyllastrephus scandens Swainson, 1837, Birds West Afr., 1, p. 270,
pl. 30 — West Africa.
Upper Guinea from Senegal to eastern and northern Nigeria and
central French Cameroon (Galim and Tibati).
Phyllastrephus scandens acedis (Oberholser)
Prosphorocichla scandens acedis Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 48, p. 157 — Ogobai River, Gabon.
Southern Cameroon, Gaboon, and the western Belgian Congo.
Phyllastrephus scandens orientalis (Hartlaub)
Xenocichla orientalis Hartlaub, 1883, Journ. f. Orn., 31, p. 425 —
Tamaja [= Tomaja, upper Uele].
Northern Belgian Congo (Ubangi-Shari to Uele) to southern
Sudan, western Uganda (Bwamba Valley) and western Tanganyika
(east side of Lake Tanganyika at Ujiji).
Phyllastrephus scandens upembae (Verheyen)
Pyrrhurus scandens upembae Verheyen, 1953, Explor. Pare
Nat. Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte, fasc. 19, Oiseaux,
p. 445 — Munoi, Lupiala, tributary of Lufira, Upemba National
Park, Belgian Congo.
Southern Belgian Congo; known from the Tanganyika (Kiambi)
and the Southern Kasai (Tshisika) districts.
PHYLLASTREPHUS TERRESTRIS
Phyllastrephus terrestris bensoni van Someren
Phyllastrephus terrestris bensont van Someren, 1945, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 66, p. 11 — Lower Meru Forest, 4,000 feet.
Forests of Meru and Chuka, 4,000—-4,600 feet, southeast of Mt.
Kenya.
Phyllastrephus terrestris suahelicus Reichenow
Phyllastrephus capensis suahelicus Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Afr.,
3, p. 405 — East Africa from Pangani to Rufiji; Masinde,
Useguha, Usaramo, Msua. Type from Msua according to Scla-
ter (1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 382).
From southern Coastal Kenya and Tanganyika Territory to the
coastal area of northern Portuguese East Africa.
Phyllastrephus terrestris intermedius Gunning and Roberts
Phyllastrephus capensis intermedius Gunning and Roberts, 1911,
Ann. Transvaal Mus., 3, p. 115 — Umbelluzi River, Portu-
guese 8. E. Africa.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 265
Phyllastrephus terrestris rhodesiae Roberts, 1917, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 5, p. 258 — Machile River, Northwestern Rhodesia.
From southeastern Belgian Congo (Musosa), Northern Rhodesia,
Bechuanaland and southern Angola to Portuguese East Africa
(Tete, Beira), and northern Zululand.
Phyllastrephus terrestris terrestris Swainson
Phyllastrephus terrestris Swainson, 1837, Birds West Africa, 1,
p. 270 — Auteniquoi (ex Levaillant) (= Outeniqua, Cape Pro-
vince).
Phyllastrephus terrestris montanus Roberts, 1924, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 10, 1923-24, p. 85 — Woodbush Forest Station, Trans-
vaal.
Parts of Transvaal, Zululand, and Natal to eastern and southern
Cape Province.
PHYLLASTREPHUS STREPITANS
Phyllastrephus strepitans! (Reichenow)
Criniger strepitans Reichenow, 1879, Orn. Centralb., 1, p. 1389 —
Malindi, East Africa [Kenya Colony].
Calamocichla schillingsi Reichenow, 1904, Orn. Monatsb., 12,
p. 95 — Paugani Distr. [= Pangani Distr., Tanganyika Terri-
tory].
Phyllastrephus strepitans fricki Mearns, 1914, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
61, no. 25, p. 1 — Tana River below Camp No. 4, British East
Africa.
Southern Sudan, Southern Abyssinia and Somaliland south to
northern Uganda, northern and eastern Kenya and coastal Tan-
ganyika (Dar es Salaam, Kilosa).
PHYLLASTREPHUS CERVINIVENTRIS
Phyllastrephus cerviniventris (Shelley)
Phyllostrophus [sic] cerviniventris Shelley, 1894, Ibis, p. 10, pl. 2
— Zomba and Tschiromo, Nyasaland.
Phyllastrephus cerviniventris lénnbergi Mearns, 1914, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 61, no. 25, p. 2— Government Trail, Tharaka District,
British East Africa.
From Kenya (Mt. Kenya area and Taveta) and Kilimanjaro to
Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland and adjacent part of Mozambique
and west to southeastern Belgian Congo (Katanga).
1 P. sharpei Shelley, 1880; rufescens Hartlaub, 1882; and pawper Sharpe,
1895; of Sharpe’s ““Handlist”’ are also synonyms; while Phyllostrophus parvus
Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, = Calamocichla parva (Fischer and Reichenow)
(Sylviidae).
266 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
PHYLLASTREPHUS FULVIVENTRIS
Phyllastrephus fulviventris (Cabanis)
Phyllostrephus fulviventris Cabanis, 1876, Journ. f. Orn., 24, p. 92
—Chinchoncho, Loango Coast.
Portuguese Congo and lower Congo River area, south through
western Angola to Mossamedes Province.
PHYLLASTREPHUS POENSIS
Phyllastrephus poensis (Alexander)
Phyllostrophus poensis Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13,
p- 35 — Bakaki, Fernando Po.
Phyllastrephus albigularis adametzi Reichenow, 1916, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 24, p. 181 — Bamenda, Cameroon.
Fernando Po, southern Nigeria (Obudu Plateau), and Mt. Came-
roon, and the other mountains in the Cameroons.
PHYLLASTREPHUS HYPOCHLORIS
Phyllastrephus hypochloris (Jackson)
Stelgidillas hypochloris Jackson, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19,
p. 20 — Kiliran, Toro.
Ardropadus (sic) kagerensis Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16,
p. 47 — Buddu Forest.
Southern Sudan to northwestern Kenya (North Kavirondo),
southern Uganda and the Semliki Forest of Belgian Congo.
PHYLLASTREPHUS BAUMANNI
Phyllastrephus baumanni (Reichenow)
Phyllostrephus baumanni Reichenow, 1895, Orn. Monatsb., 3,
p. 96 — Misahohe [Togoland].
Phyllastrephus eburneus Bannerman, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
43, p. 162 — Beoumi, Ivory Coast.
Upper Guinea from Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria (Lagos and
Owerri Prov.).
PHYLLASTREPHUS POLIOCEPHALUS
Phyllastrephus poliocephalus (Reichenow)
Xenocichla poliocephala Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40,
p. 189, 220 — Buea, Mt. Cameroon, 1,200 meters.
Southeastern Nigeria (Obudu Plateau) and British Cameroon
(Mt. Cameroon, Rumpi Hills, and Mt. Kupe; perhaps conspecific
with P. flavostriatus).
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 267
PHYLLASTREPHUS FLAVOSTRIATUS
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus graueri Neumann
Phyllastrephus grauert Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 23,
p. 13 — forest 90 miles west of Lake Albert Edward [= Lake
Edward].
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus babaulti Berlioz, 1936, Bull. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 8, p. 330 —M’Bwahi, southwest of
Lake Kivu, about 2,000 meters altitude.
Eastern Belgian Congo, in the highlands west of lakes Kivu,
Edward, and Albert.
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus olivaceogriseus Reichenow
Phyllastrephus olivaceogriseus Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb.,
16, p.47— Lugege Forest [= Rugege Forest, southeast of
Lake Kivu].
Highlands northwest of Lake Tanganyika and those east of Lake
Kivu, in the eastern Belgian Congo and also southwestern Uganda
(Kigezi).
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus kungwensis Moreau
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus kungwensis Moreau, 1941, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 62, p. 29 — forest above Ujamba, Mt. Kungwe, 6,800
feet, western Tanganyika Territory.
The Kungwe-Mahara highlands east of Lake Tanganyika, western
Tanganyika Territory.
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus tenuirostris (Fischer and Rei-
chenow)
Xenocichla tenuirostris Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f.
Orn., 32, p. 262 — Lindi [southeastern Tanganyika Territory].
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus litoralis Vincent, 1933, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 53, p. 133 — near Netia, Mozambique Province, Por-
tuguese East Africa, 14° 44’ S., 40° 04’ E., at 600 feet altitude.
Coastal region of East Africa from northern Portuguese East
Africa to northern Tanganyika Territory (Usambara) and southern
Kenya (Fort Hall and near Voi).
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus alfredi (Shelley)
Bleda alfred: Shelley, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, p. 61 —
Mwenembe.
Southwestern Tanganyika Territory (Ufipa), northern Nyasaland
and adjacent Northern Rhodesia.
268 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus vincenti Grant and Mackworth-
Praed
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus vincenti Grant and Mackworth-Praed,
1940, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 60, p. 62 — Namuli Mts., Quelimane
Province, Portuguese East Africa.
Southern Nyasaland and highlands of adjacent Portuguese East
Africa.
Phyllastrephus flavostriatus flavostriatus (Sharpe)
Andropadus flavostriatus Sharpe, 1876, Ibis, p. 53 — Macamac,
Transvaal.
Eastern Cape Province to Natal, Zululand, Eastern Transvaal,
and eastern Southern Rhodesia.
PHYLLASTREPHUS DEBILIS
Phyllastrephus debilis rabai Hartert and van Someren
Phyllastrephus rabai Hartert and van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 64 — Rabai Hills north of Mombasa, East Africa.
Phyllastrephus albigula shimbanus van Someren, 1943, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 64, p. 12 —Shimba Hills, 1,100 feet.
Coastal Kenya from Sokoke Forest southward to Shimba Hills,
and Tanganyika Territory in parts of the eastern Usambara Moun-
tains, Mafi Mt., and in the Uluguru Mts.
Phyllastrephus debilis albigula (Grote)
Macrosphenus albigula Grote, 1919, Orn. Monatsb., 27, p. 62 —
Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal, Usambara.
Neuru and Usambara Mountains, intergrading with P. d. rabai in
the lower altitudes of the eastern Usambaras.
Phyllastrephus debilis debilis (Sclater)
Xenocichla debilis W.L. Sclater, 1899, Ibis, p. 284 — north of
Inhambane, Portuguese East Africa.
Southern Portuguese East Africa (Inhambane) and southern
Tanganyika Territory (Rondo Plateau).
PHYLLASTREPHUS LORENZI
Phyllastrephus lorenzi Sassi
Phyllastrephus lorenzi Sassi, 1914, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss, Wien.,
Math.-Naturw. K1., 51, p. 309 — ‘‘Moera,” near Beni, eastern
Congo.
Eastern Belgian Congo forests of Uele, Ituri and Kivu districts.
PHYLLASTREPHUS ALBIGULARIS
Phyllastrephus albigularis albigularis (Sharpe)
Xenocichla albigularis Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6,
p. 103, pl. 7 — Fantee.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 269
Xenocichla leucolaema Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13,
p- 10 — Toro Forest.
Phyllastrephus ugandae Reichenow, 1907, Orn. Monatsb. 15, p. 200
— Entebbe on Victoria Nyanze.
Phyllastrephus leucolaema camerunensis Reichenow, 1915, Journ.
f. Orn., 63, p. 128 — Duma, Cameroon [= Duma, Ubangi, Bel-
gian Congo].
Phyllastrephus zenkeri Reichenow, 1916, Orn. Monatsb., 24,
p- 180 — Bipindi, Cameroon.
Sierra Leone to Cameroon, Gaboon, and the Kasai, and east to
southern Sudan and Uganda (Mt. Elgon).
Phyllastrephus albigularis viridiceps Rand
Phyllastrephus albigularis viridiceps Rand, 1955, Fieldiana: Zool.
(Chicago), 34, p. 336 — Cantele, Qual Sul River, 30 km. west
of Camabatela, Angola.
Northern Angola.
PHYLLASTREPHUS FISCHERI
Phyllastrephus fischeri sucosus Reichenow
Phyllastrephus cabanisi sucosus Reichenow, 1903, Journ. f. Orn.,
51, p. 544 — East Africa: Bukoba; Guasso Massai.
Andropadus modestus Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 160
— Kirkfalle, Semliki.
Phyllastrephus dowashanus Madarasz, 1910, Archivum Zoologi-
cum, Budapest, 1 (11), p.176— Ngare-Dowash [= Mara
River].
Southern Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, east to Eldama Ravine
and Mau, and nearby central northern Tanganyika Territory (Lo-
liondo) and eastern Belgian Congo south to Baraka in the Kivu.
Phyllastrephus fischeri cabanisi (Sharpe)
Trichophorus flaveolus Cabanis, 1880, Orn. Centralbl., 5, p. 174 —
— Angola.
Criniger cabanisi Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6, p. 83 —
new name for 7’. flaveolus Cabanis, 1880; not T'richophorus fla-
veolus Gould, 1836 = Criniger flaveolus.
Criniger sylvicultor Neave, 1909, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 4,
p. 130 — Katanga; restricted to Dikuwle River, Katanga
(Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop. p. 384).
Part of southwestern Tanganyika Territory (Ufipa) to Northern
Rhodesia, southern Belgian Congo in Kasai, Katanga, and Lualaba
areas, and the western highlands of Angola.
270 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Phyllastrephus fischeri placidus (Shelley)
Xenocichla placida Shelley, 1889, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 363
— Kilimanjaro, 6,000 feet.
Phyllastrephus placidus keniensis Mearns, 1914, Smiths. Mise.
Coll., 61, no. 25, p. 2— Mt. Kenya, 8,500 feet, British East
Africa.
Phyllastrephus fischeri cognatus Grote, 1919, Orn. Monatsb., 27,
p. 63 — Mlalo, near Wilhelmstal, Usambara.
Phyllastrephus fischeri marsabit van Someren, 1930, Journ. East
Afr. Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., no. 37, p. 197 — Marsabit.
Phyllastrephus fischeri chyuluensis van Someren, 1939, Journ. East
Afr. Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 66 — Chyulu Mts., Camp 2,
5,800 ft.
The highlands of Kenya Colony east of the great Rift Valley
from Marsabit, Mt. Kenya and Chyulu Hills south through Tan-
ganyika Territory Highlands (Kilimanjaro, Usambara, Nguru, Ulu-
guru, ete.) to Portuguese East Africa (Mt. Namuli) and southern
Nyasaland (Mlanje).
Phyllastrephus fischeri fischeri (Reichenow)
Criniger Fischeri Reichenow, 1879, Orn. Centralbl., 1, p. 139 —
Muniuni [= Muniumi], East Africa [near mouth of Tana River].
Phyllastrephus placidus grotei Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb.,
18, p. 8 — Mikindani, Tanganyika Territory.
Phyllastrephus placidus miinzneri Reichenow, 1916, Orn. Monatsb.,
24, p. 181 — Sanyi, Mahenge.
Phyllastrephus placidus sokokensis van Someren, 1923, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 44, p. 7 — Bokoke [= Sokoke] Forest.
Phyllastrephus alfredi itoculo Vincent, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
53, p. 134 — near Netia, Mozambique Prov., Portuguese East
Africa, 14° 44’ S., 40° 04’ E. at 600 ft. alt.
The lowland forests of the coastal belt of East Africa from just
north of the Tana River to Portuguese East Africa (Netia).
PHYLLASTREPHUS OROSTRUTHUS
Phyllastrephus orostruthus amani Sclater and Moreau
Phyllastrephus orostruthus amani Sclater and Moreau, 1935, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 56, p. 16 — Amani Forest, 3,000 feet.
Amani forest, eastern Usambara, of northern Tanganyika Terri-
tory; type unique.
Phyllastrephus orostruthus orostruthus Vincent
Phyllastrephus orostruthus Vincent, 1933, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
53, p. 133 — Namuli Mt., Portuguese East Africa, 4,800 feet;
Bl? DIGS. 197 O47:
Namuli Mountain, Portuguese East Africa; type unique.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 271
PHYLLASTREPHUS ICTERINUS
Phyllastrephus icterinus icterinus (Bonaparte)
Trichophorus icterinus ““Temm.”, Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen.
Av., 1, p. 262 — Guinea.
Forests of Upper Guinea, from Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria.
Phyllastrephus icterinus tricolor (Cassin)
Tricophorus tricolor Cassin, 1858, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, (1857), p. 33 — Muni River, western Africa.
Forests of Lower Guinea from Cameroons and Fernando Po, to
the mouth of the Congo River, the Kasai, and east to the Semliki
Valley and in western Uganda to Budongo.
PHYLLASTREPHUS XAVIERI
Phyllastrephus xavieri serlei Chapin
Phyllastrephus xavieri serlei Chapin, 1949, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
69, p. 70 — Kumba, British Cameroons, alt. 1,000 feet.
British Cameroon, from 600 to 3,000 feet.
Phyllastrephus xavieri xavieri (Oustalet)
Xenocichla Xavieri Oustalet, 1892, Naturaliste, ser. 2, 6, p. 218 —
Bangui [on Ubangi River].
Phyllastrephus icterinus sethsmithi Hartert and Neumann, 1910,
Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 81 — Budongo Forest, Unyoro [Uganda].
French Cameroon and Rio Benito across the forests of the Congo
south to Sankuru and west to western Uganda (Bugoma and Bu-
dongo Forests).
PHYLLASTREPHUS MADAGASCARIENSIS
Phyllastrephus madagascariensis madagascariensis (Gmelin)
Muscicapa madagascariensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2,
p. 940 — Madagascar.
Forests of eastern Madagascar, from Antalaha to Manombo.
Phyllastrephus madagascariensis inceleber (Bangs and Peters)
Berneria madagascariensis inceleber Bangs and Peters, 1926, Proc.
New Engl. Zool. Cl., 9, p. 43 — Bemara Gorges, Upper Siribi-
hina River, western Madagascar.
Extreme northern (Vohemar, Mt. d’Ambre) and western Mada-
gascar south to Tabiky and Lake Iotry.
PHYLLASTREPHUS ZOSTEROPS
Phyllastrephus zosterops fulvescens (Delacour)
Berniera zosterops fulvescens Delacour, 1931, Oiseau Rev. France.
Orn., 1, p. 483 — Mt. d’Ambre, north Madagascar.
272 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Humid forest on summit of Mt. d’Ambre, extreme northern
Madagascar.
Phyllastrephus zosterops andapae (Salomonsen)
Oxylabes zosterops andapae Salomonsen, 1934, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., (10) 14, p. 69 — Andapa, north-east Madagascar.
Northeastern Madagascar (Andapa).
Phyllastrephus zosterops zosterops (Sharpe)
Bernieria zosterops Sharpe, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 76
— Madagascar. [Type from central Madagascar, Sharpe, 1883,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 7, p. 571.]
Oxylabes zosterops maroantsetrae Salomonsen, 1934, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., (10) 14, p. 69 — Maroantsetra, north-east Mada-
gascar.
Central and southern forests of eastern Madagascar, from Bay
of Antongil area to Ivohibe and Manombe.
Phyllastrephus zosterops ankafanae (Salomonsen)
Oxylabes zosterops ankafanae Salomonsen, 1934, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., (10) 14, p.70— Ankafana Forest at Fianarantsoa,
eastern Madagascar.
Apparently restricted to humid forests at higher altitudes near
Fianarantsoa, in southeastern Madagascar.
PHYLLASTREPHUS TENEBROSUS
Phyllastrephus tenebrosus (Stresemann)
Bernieria tenebrosa Stresemann, 1925, Orn. Monatsb., 33, p. 150
—Sianaka Forest, eastern Madagascar.
Sianaka Forest, central eastern Madagascar.
PHYLLASTREPHUS XANTHOPHRYS
Phyllastrephus xanthophrys (Sharpe)
Oxylabes xanthophrys Sharpe, 1875, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 76
— Madagascar.
Central eastern Madagascar (Sianaka to near Fianarantsoa).
PHYLLASTREPHUS CINEREICEPS
Phyllastrephus cinereiceps (Sharpe)
Oxylabes cinereiceps Sharpe, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 197
— Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.
Eastern Madagascar (Sianaka to Fanovana and Fianarantsoa).
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 273
Genus BLEDA Bonaparte
Bleda Bonaparte, 1857 (Feb.), Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris) (2), 9, p. 50.
Type, by original designation, Dasycephala syndactyla Swainson.
Xenocichla Hartlaub, 1857, Orn. Westafr., p. 86. Type, by sub-
sequent designation of Cassin, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, (1859), p. 44, X. syndactyla (Swainson) = Dasy-
cephala syndactyla Swainson.
Idiocichla Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 153. Type,
by original designation, Trichophorus notatus Cassin.
BLEDA SYNDACTYLA
Bleda syndactyla syndactyla (Swainson)
Dasycephala syndactyla Swainson, 1837, Birds West Africa, 1,
p- 261 — Sierra Leone.
Upper Guinea from southern Senegal to Gold Coast (Ghana) and
Nigeria (Ondo-Benin).
Bleda syndactyla multicolor (Bocage)
2Criniger (Xenocichla) multicolor Barboza du Bocage, 1880, Jorn.
Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisbéda, 8, no. 29, p. 55 — Loango Coast.
Bleda syndactyla ogowensis Neumann, 1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22,
p. 9 — Umpokosa, Lake Ogemwe, Ogowe [Gabon].
Southern Nigeria (Owerri) to Gaboon, northwestern Angola and
east to central Congo forests (Lukolela, Tshuapa, and Ubangi).
Bleda syndactyla woosnami Ogilvie-Grant
Bleda woosnami Ogilvie-Grant, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. 87
— Mpanga Forest, 5,000 feet, Uganda.
Eastern Congo Forests (Uele, Lualaba, Sankuru, Kasai) to south-
ern Sudan, Uganda and western Kenya (Nandi), and Northern
Rhodesia (Mwinilunga Distr.).
BLEDA EXIMIA
Bleda eximia eximia (Hartlaub)
Trichophorus eximius Hartlaub, 1855, Journ. f. Orn., 3, p. 356 —
Dabocrom, Gold Coast.
Upper Guinea: Sierra Leone to Gold Coast (Ghana).
Bleda eximia notata (Cassin)
Trichophorus notatus Cassin, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 8, (1856), p. 159— Moonda River, western Africa
[Gabon].
Bleda notata pallidior Reichenow, 1916, Orn. Monatsb., 24, p. 180
— Tschintschonscho [= Chinchoxo], Loango.
274 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Lower Guinea from southern Nigeria, Fernando Po to Lower
Congo River.
Bleda eximia ugandae van Someren
Bleda exima {sic| ugandae van Someren, 1915, Bull. Brit. Orn CL.,
35, p. 116 — Mabira Forest, Uganda.
French Congo (Impfondo) and central and eastern Belgian Congo
(Lukolela to the Manyema and Uele, but not the Kasai), Uganda
and southern Sudan.
BLEDA CANICAPILLA
Bleda canicapilla (Hartlaub)
Trichophorus canicapillus Hartlaub, 1854, Journ. f. Orn., 2, p. 25
— Sierra Leone, Gambia.
Upper Guinea, from Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria.
Genus NICATOR Hartuavus and FInscH
Nicator Hartlaub and Finsch, 1870, Vog. Ost-Afr., p. 359. Type,
by original designation, Lanius chloris Valenciennes.
NICATOR CHLORIS
Nicator chloris (Valenciennes)
Lanius chloris Valenciennes, 1826, Dict. Sci. Nat., 40, p. 226 —
Galam [Senegal].
Nicator chloris laemocyclus Reichenow, 1909, Journ. f. Orn., 57,
p- 108 — Beni and Awakubi.
Nicator chloris katangensis Verheyen, 1951, Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci.
Nat. Belgique, 27, no. 50, p. 1 — Munoi River, tributary of
the Lufira, right bank, alt. 890 meters, Upemba National Park.
Senegal to northern Belgian Congo, southern Sudan and Uganda
(base of Mt. Elgon) south to the mouth of the Congo River, the
southern Kasai, and the upper Lualaba River.
NICATOR GULARIS
Nicator gularis Hartlaub and Finsch
Nicator gularis Hartlaub and Finsch, 1870, Vég. Ost.-Afr., p. 360
Shupanga, Zambesi.
Eastern Africa, from northern Kenya (Gargues Mt. and Juba
River) south through Tanganyika Territory to eastern Northern
Rhodesia and northern Natal.
NICATOR VIREO
Nicator vireo Cabanis
Nicator Vireo Cabanis, 1876, Journ. f. Orn., 24, p. 333, pl. 2,
fig. 2 — Chinchoxo, Portuguese Congo.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 275
Nicator vireo tando Serle, 1952, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 72, p. 95 —
N’Dalla Tando, northern Angola.
Nicator vireo excelsior Meise, 1958, Abh. Verh. Naturwiss. Vereins
Hamburg, (n.s.) 2, (1957), p. 79 — Canzele, northern Angola.
Cameroon to northern Angola, and east across the Congo forests
(to Ituri) and western Uganda (Bwamba).
Genus CRINIGER TEemminck
Criniger Temminck, 1820, Man. d’Orn., éd. 2, pt. 1, p. lx. Type,
by subsequent designation, Criniger barbatus Temminck. (Idem,
1821, Pl. col., livr. 15, cover, and 1822, ibid., livr. 15, pl. 88.)
Alophoixus Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1, p. 259. Type,
by original designation and monotypy, Ixos phaeocephalus
Hartlaub.
Alophoiscus Anonymous, 1890, Ibis, p. 254. Lapsus or nomen
emendatum for Alophoixus Oates.
cf. Deignan, 1956, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 134, no. 2, p. 1-9.
White, 1956, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 76, p. 158 (C. calurus and
C. ndussumensis).
CRINIGER BARBATUS
Criniger barbatus barbatus (Temminck)
Trichophorus barbatus Temminck, 1821, Pl. col., 3, livr. 15, pl. 88
— Sierra Leone.
Upper Guinea, from Sierra Leone to Togoland.
Criniger barbatus ansorgeanus Hartert
Criniger barbatus ansorgeanus Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
19, p. 97 — Degama, southern Nigeria.
Southern Nigeria, about the Niger River Delta.
Criniger barbatus chloronotus (Cassin)
Trichophorus chloronotus Cassin, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, (1859), p. 43 — Camma River, Western Africa [Gabon].
Base of Mount Cameroon to the mouth of the Congo River and
east to the lower Uele and Tshuapa Rivers.
Criniger barbatus weileri Gyldenstolpe
Criniger chloronotus weileri Gyldenstolpe, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 43, p. 34 — Campi ya Wambutti [= Kampi-na-Mambuti],
Ituri Forest, west of Irumu.
Eastern Belgian Congo Forest (Ituri, Semliki Valley and Kivu
areas) and perhaps extends to the Manyema.
276 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
CRINIGER CALURUS
Criniger calurus verreauxi Sharpe
Trichophorus gularis Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Afr., p. 266 —
West Africa.
Criniger verreauxi Sharpe, 1871, Cat. Afr. Birds, p. 21 — new
name for 7’. gularis Swainson, not T'urdus gularis Horsfield,
1822 [= Criniger bres bres (Lesson) ].
Criniger swainsoni Neumann, 1914, Orn. Monatsb., 22, p. 8 —
Sierra Leone.
Upper Guinea, from Sierra Leone to Lagos.
Criniger calurus calurus (Cassin)
Tricophorus calurus Cassin, 1857, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 8 (1856), p.158— Moonda River, Western Africa
[Gabon].
Southern Nigeria (Benin) and Fernando Po south through Came-
roon and Gaboon to the mouth of the Congo River (Mayombe).
Criniger calurus emini Chapin
Criniger calurus emini Chapin, 1948, Auk, 65, p. 444 — Lukolela,
Middle Congo River.
Middle Congo River and probably the lower Ubangi east to Uele
River, Uganda (to Mt. Elgon) and south to Manyema and the
Kasai (Luebo).
CRINIGER NDUSSUMENSIS
Criniger ndussumensis Reichenow
Criniger verreauxi ndussumensis Reichenow, 1904, Vog. Afr., 3,
p. 383 — Ndussuma country: Kinjawanga and Bellima. The
type locality is Kinyawanga near Beni, within 40 miles of
Lesse (cf. Chapin, 1948, Auk, 65, p. 444).
Trichophorus swainsoni bannermani Gyldenstolpe, 1923, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 43, p. 131 — Lesse, Semliki Valley, Kivu Dis-
trict.
Southern Nigeria, Cameroon and Gaboon east through the Congo
Forest to Semliki Valley (hybridizes extensively with C. calurus
emint in Semliki Valley area).
CRINIGER OLIVACEUS
Criniger olivaceus (Swainson)
Tricophorus olivaceus Swainson, 1837, Birds W. Afr., 1, p. 264
— West Africa.
Upper Guinea from Senegal to Gold Coast (Ghana).
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 277
CRINIGER FINSCHII
Dwarf Bearded Bulbul
Criniger finschii Salvadori
Criniger finschit Salvadori, 1871, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 6,
p- 128 — Sarawak.
Malaya; Sumatra; Borneo.
CRINIGER FLAVEOLUS
Ashy-fronted Bearded Bulbul
Criniger flaveolus flaveolus (Gould)
Trichophorus flaveolus Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 4,
p- 6 — Himalayan Mountains, Nepal, etc.; type locality re-
stricted to Nepal, by Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
no: Lp. 10.
Criniger flaveolus viridulus Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
no. 1, p. 10 — Sangau, Lushai Hills, Assam.
Criniger flaveolus aureolus Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
no. 1, p. 10 — Kohima, Naga Hills, Assam.
Along the Himalayas from Garhwal eastward to eastern-most
Assam, and southward and eastward through Assam to Arakan,
the Chin Hills, central and northeastern Burma.
Criniger flaveolus burmanicus Oates
Criniger burmanicus Oates, 1889, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 1,
p. 256 — “Toungngoo; the Karen hills; Karennee; Tenasserim,
as far south as Meetan at the base of Muleyit mountain, and
throughout the Thoungyeen valley”; type locality commonly
restricted to Toungoo District, Pegu Division, Lower Burma.
Southeastern Burma (the valley of the Salween from the Northern
Shan State to its mouth in the Amherst District of Tenasserim)
and western Thailand (valleys of the Mae Moei and the Mae Klong).
CRINIGER PALLIDUS
Olivaceous Bearded Bulbul
Criniger pallidus griseiceps Hume
Criniger griseiceps Hume, 1873, Stray Feathers, 1, p. 478 — Pegu
Division, Lower Burma.
Southern Burma (Pegu Yoma).
Criniger pallidus robinsoni Ticehurst
Criniger tephrogenys robinsoni Ticehurst, 1932, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 53, p. 19 — Ye, Amherst District, Tenasserim.
Central Tenasserim (Amherst District).
19
278 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Criniger pallidus henrici Oustalet
Criniger Henrici Oustalet, 1896, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris),
2, p. 185 — between Manhao and Szemao, Yunnan, and at
Nam Xong, Ban Moi, and Hat Hoa, Tonkin.
Criniger pallida [sic.| grandis Stuart Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 38, p. 15 — Yunnan; type specimens from Yuankiang [lat.
23° 37 N., long. 102° O17 H.].
Northern Thailand; Southern Shan State (Kengtung); north-
western Laos; southern Yunnan (valleys of the Red and Black
Rivers); Tonkin; northernmost Annam.
Criniger pallidus pallidus Swinhoe
Criniger pallidus Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 252 — Hainan.
Pinarocichla schmackeri Styan, 1892, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, p. vi
— Hainan.
Hainan.
Criniger pallidus isani Deignan
Criniger pallidus isani Deignan, 1956, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 134,
no. 2, p.4 — Ban Muang Khai [lat. 17° 30’ N., long. 101° 20’ E.],
Thailand.
The northwestern portion of the eastern plateau of Thailand.
Criniger pallidus annamensis Delacour and Jabouille
Oriniger tephrogenys annamensis Delacour and Jabouille, 1924,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 45, p. 32 — Lao Bao, Quangtri Province,
Annam.
Central Annam, intergrading in northern Annam (Phu Qui) with
Cr. p. henrici, and in south-central Annam (Dak To, Kontoum)
with Cr. p. khmerensis; central Laos, from Xieng Khouang south-
eastward to Lao Bao.
Criniger pallidus khmerensis Deignan
Criniger pallidus khmerensis Deignan, 1956, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
134, no.2, p.4— Banteai Srei [lat. 13°16’ N., long. 104°
07’ E.], Cambodia.
Southern Laos (Saravane Province), Cambodia, and southern
Annam (Phanrang and Haut-Donai Provinces).
CRINIGER OCHRACEUS
Ochraceous Bearded Bulbul
Criniger ochraceus hallae Deignan
Criniger ochraceus hallae Deignan, 1956, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 134,
no. 2, p. 5— Tay Ninh [lat. 11° 18’ N., long. 106° 07’ E.], Cochin
China.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 279
Southern Annam (Haut-Donai Province) and Cochin China (Bien
Hoa and Tay Ninh Provinces).
Criniger ochraceus cambodianus Delacour and Jabouille
Criniger gutturalis cambodianus Delacour and Jabouille, 1928,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 48, p. 130 — Le Boc Kor [lat. 10° 37’ N.,
long. 104° 03’ E.], Cambodia.
Southwestern Cambodia (Chaine de l’Eléphant) and southeastern
Thailand.
Criniger ochraceus ochraceus Moore
Criniger ochraceus Moore, 1854, in Horsfield and Moore, Cat.
Birds Mus. Hon. East-India Co., 1, p. 252 — Tenasserim; type
locality restricted to Mergui Town [lat. 12° 26’ N., long. 98°
36’ E.], by Deignan, 1956, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 134, no. 2, p. 5.
Criniger ochraceus crinitus Deignan, 1954, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 44, p. 125 — Ban Hin Laem [lat. 14° 40’ N., long.
98° 40’ E.], Thailand.
Tenasserim from the Amherst District (Ye) southward to the
Mergui District (Tenasserim Town); southwestern Thailand (valley
of the Mae Klong and southward in the forest to Prachuap Khiri
Khan Province).
Criniger ochraceus sordidus Richmond
¢Criniger Cabanisi A. Miller, 1882 (ante Oct. 4), Die Ornis der
Insel Salanga, p. 32 — Phuket [lat. 7° 55’ N., long. 98° 25’ E.],
Thailand. Not Criniger cabanisi Sharpe, 1882 (ante April).
’Criniger Cabanisi A. Miller, 1882 (Nov.), Journ. f. Orn., 30,
p. 384 — Phuket, Thailand.
Cringer sordidus Richmond, 1900, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 22,
p. 230 — Khao Soi Dao [lat. 7° 20’ N., long. 99° 50’ E.], Thai-
land.
*[Criniger| salangae Sharpe, 1901, Hand-list Gen. Species Birds,
3, p. 316. New name for Criniger cabanisi A. Miiller, preoc-
cupied.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (the Mergui Ar-
chipelago and the adjacent mainland) and the Isthmus of Kra south-
ward to northwestern Malaya (Perlis and the Langkawi Islands).
Criniger ochraceus sacculatus Robinson
Criniger ochraceus sacculatus Robinson, 1915, in Robinson and
Kloss, Ibis, p. 746 — Ginting Bidei [lat. 3°18’ N., long. 101°
50’ E.], Selangor, Malaya.
The highlands of Malaya from northern Perak southward to
Negri Sembilan and Pahang.
19*
280 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Criniger ochraceus sumatranus Wardlaw Ramsay
Criniger sumatranus Wardlaw Ramsay, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 5, 10, p. 431 — Mount Sago [ca. 70 miles northeast
of Padang, which lies at lat. 0°58’ S., long. 100° 21’ E.], Sumatra.
Highlands of western Sumatra.
Criniger ochraceus fowleri Amadon and Harrisson
Criniger ochraceus fowleri Amadon and Harrisson, 1957, Sarawak
Mus. Journ., 7 (1956), p. 516 — Bario, Kelabit Plateau, Sa-
rawak.
Highlands of Sarawak.
Criniger ochraceus ruficrissus Sharpe
Criniger ruficrissus Sharpe, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 248
— Kina Balu [lat. 6° 05’ N., long. 116° 30’ E.], North Borneo.
Highlands of northeastern Borneo.
CRINIGER BRES
Gray-cheeked Bearded Bulbul
Criniger bres tephrogenys (Jardine and Selby)
Trichophorus tephrogenys Jardine and Selby, 1833, Ill. Orn., 3,
pt. 9, pl. 127 — “... though we are uncertain of its locality,
we suspect it to be Indian”’; type locality corrected to Malacca,
by Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 558.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme South; the lowlands of
eastern Sumatra.
Criniger bres bres (Lesson)
Turdus gularis Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13,
p. 150 — Java. Not Turdus gularis Latham, 1801.
Lanius Bres Lesson, 1832, in Bélanger, Voy. Ind.-Orient, Zodl.,
pt. 4, p. 255 — Java; type locality restricted to Bogor [lat.
6° 36’S., long. 106° 48’ E.], by Deignan, 1956, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 134, no. 2, p. 8. New name for Turdus gularis Horsfield,
preoccupied.
Trichophorus xanthizurus Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Mise. Coll.,
Quarterly Issue, 48, no. 2, p. 152. New name for T'urdus gularis
Horsfield, preoccupied.
Oriniger balicus bartelsi Collin and Hartert, 1927, Novit. Zool.,
34, p. 51. New name for Turdus gularis Horsfield, preoc-
cupied.
Western and central Java.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 281
Criniger bres balicus Stresemann
Criniger gularis balicus Stresemann, 1913, Novit. Zool., 20, p. 358
— Gitgit, Bali.
Eastern Java and Bali.
Criniger bres gutturalis (Bonaparte)
T{richophorus]. gutturalis “Mill. Mus. Lugd.’’ Bonaparte, 1850,
Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 262 — Borneo; type specimen from Ban-
jermasin [lat. 3° 20’S., long. 114° 35’ E.], fide Finsch, 1905,
Notes Leyden Mus., 26, p. 105.
Borneo.
Criniger bres frater Sharpe
Criniger frater Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, 1,
p- 334 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan.
Palawan.
CRINIGER PHAEOCEPHALUS
Gray-headed Bearded Bulbul
Criniger phaeocephalus phaeocephalus (Hartlaub)
Ixos (Trichixos, Less.) phaeocephalus Hartlaub, 1844, Rev. Zool.
(Paris), 7, p. 401 — Malacca.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme South; the Riouw and
Lingga Archipelagos; Sumatra; Bangka; Billiton; the northern
Natuna Islands.
Criniger phaeocephalus connectens (Chasen and Kloss)
Alophoixus phaeocephalus connectens Chasen and Kloss, 1929,
Journ. f. Orn., Erganzungsb. 2, p. 114 — Bettotan, near San-
dakan, North Borneo.
Northeastern Borneo.
Criniger phaeocephalus sulphuratus (Bonaparte)
[Trichophorus| sulphuratus “Mill.” Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen.
Av., 1, p. 262 — Borneo; type specimen from Banjermasin
[lat. 3° 20’ S., long. 114° 35’ E.], fide Finsch, 1905, Notes Leyden
Mus., 26, p. 107.
Alophoixus phaeocephalus medius Kloss, 1930, Treubia, 12, p. 412
— Long Petah [lat. 1° 34’ N., long. 116° 20’ E.], Borneo.
A population variably intermediate between Cr. ph. connectens
and Cr. ph. diardi and occupying an ill-defined zone extending from
eastern Sarawak and western North Borneo to southeastern Borneo.
282 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Criniger phaeocephalus diardi Finsch
Criniger Diardi ““Temm.”’ Finsch, 1867, Journ. f. Orn., 15, p. 18 —
Pontianak [lat. 0° 02’S., long. 109° 22’ E.], Borneo.
The western half of Borneo.
Genus SETORNIS LeEsson
Setornis Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 2, p. 167. Type, by
monotypy, Setornis criniger Lesson.
SETORNIS CRINIGER
Long-billed Bulbul
Setornis criniger Lesson
Setornis criniger Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 2, p. 167 —
Sumatra.}
Eastern Sumatra; Bangka; Borneo.
Genus HYPSIPETES Vicors
Hypsipetes Vigors, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 1
(1830-1831), p. 43. Type, by monotypy, Hypsipetes psaroides
Vigors. Not preoccupied by Ypsipetes Stephens, 1829.
Galgulus Kittlitz, 1832, Kupfert. Nat. Vogel, Heft 1, p. 7. Type,
by original designation, T'urdus amaurotis Temminck. Not Gal-
gulus Wagler, 1827, Galgulus Schaeffer, 1789, nor Galgulus Bris-
son, 1760.
Microscelis G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 28. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, T'urdus amaurotis Tem-
minck.
Tole Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 386. Type,
by monotypy, Lole olivacea Blyth.
Hemixos “‘Hodgson”’ Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14,
p. 572. Type, by original designation, Hemixos flavala Blyth.
Txocincla Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 575. Type,
by original designation, Hypsipetes olivaceus Jardine and Selby.
Orpheus Temminck and Schlegel, 1848, in Siebold, Fauna Japo-
nica, Aves, pts. 4-8, p. 68. Type, by monotypy, T'urdus amau-
rotis 'Temminck.
Anepsia Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 54. No species;
generic details only. Type, by subsequent designation, T'urdus
borbonicus Gmelin. (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds,
p. 43.)
1 Chasen, 1935, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, p. 197, considers Sumatra an
erroneous type locality and substitutes ‘““Borneo”. The collection of the
U.S. National Museum includes five specimens from the coast of north-
eastern Sumatra.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 283
Tricholestes Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, 5, p. 205.
Type, by original designation and monotypy, T'richophorus mi-
nutus Hartlaug.
Myiosobus Reichenow, 1891, Journ. f. Orn., 39, p. 210. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Myiosobus fulvicauda Rei-
chenow.
Cerasophila Bingham, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7,5, p. 358.
Type, by monotypy, Cerasophila thompsoni Bingham.
Thapsinillas Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., Quarterly
Issue, 48, no. 2, p. 161. Type, by original designation, Criniger
affinis Hombron and Jacquinot.
Acritillas Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Mise. Coll., Quarterly Issue,
48, no. 2, p. 162. Type, by original designation, Criniger ? icte-
ricus Strickland.
Haringtonia Mathews and Iredale, 1917, Austral Av. Rec., 3,
p. 124. New name for Hypsipetes Vigors, considered preoccu-
pied by Ypsipetes Stephens, 1829, Lepidoptera.
cf. Danis, 1940, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Paris), sér.2, 12, p. 99-
103 (forms of the superspecies madagascariensis, in part).
Deignan, 1942, Auk, 59, p. 313-315.
Mayr, 1942, Journ. f. Orn., 89, p. 377-392 (races of mada-
gascariensis, in part, sub nom. leucocephalus).
Delacour, 1943, Zoologica (New York), 28, p. 26—27.
Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 1-9 (races
of viridescens, propinquus, charlottae, and palawanensis).
HYPSIPETES VIRIDESCENS
Viridescent Bulbul
Hypsipetes viridescens cacharensis (Deignan)
Microscelis viridescens cacharensis Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 61, p. 3 — Chutla Bhil, Cachar, Assam.
Assam south of the Brahmaputra.
Hypsipetes viridescens myitkyinensis (Deignan)
Microscelis viridescens myitkyinensis Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 61, p. 3 — Shingaw-Tanga road, Myitkyina
District, Kachin State, Upper Burma.
Northeastern Burma and the Shan States.
Hypsipetes viridescens viridescens (Blyth)
I[ole]. virescens Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 573
— Arakan. Not Jzxos virescens Temminck, 1825.
Tole viridescens Blyth, 1867, Ibis, p. 7. New name for Jole virescens
Blyth, preoccupied.
Lower Burma from Arakan southeastward to central Tenasserim ;
southwestern Thailand.
284 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
HYPSIPETES PROPINQUUS
Gray-eyed Bulbul
Hypsipetes propinquus aquilonis (Deignan)
Microscelis charlottae aquilonis Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 61, p.4— Bac Kan [lat. 22°08’ N., long. 105°
50’ E.], Tonkin.
Eastern Tonkin and northern Annam.
Hypsipetes propinquus propinquus (Oustalet)
Criniger propinquus Oustalet, 1903, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat.
(Paris), sér. 4, 5, p. 76 — Pa Mou, Laichau Province, Tonkin.
Criniger linnbergi Gyldenstolpe, 1913, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad.
Handl., 50, no. 8, p. 24, pl. 1, fig. 2— Pang Huai Hom [lat.
17°50’ N., long. 100° 03’ E.] and Khao Phlung [lat. 17° 50’ N.,
long. 100° 05’ E.], Thailand.
Western Tonkin; northern Laos; eastern Burma (Kengtung,
Karenni State, and northern Tenasserim); northern Thailand and
the northwestern portion of the eastern plateau of Thailand.
Hypsipetes propinquus simulator (Deignan)
Microscellis charlottae simulator Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 61, p.5— Ban Hup Bon [lat. 13°05’ N., long.
101°05’ E.], Thailand.
Southeastern Thailand; southern Laos; Cambodia; southern
Annam.
Hypsipetes propinquus innectens (Deignan)
Microscelis charlottae innectens Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 61, p. 6 — Trang Bom [lat. 10° 56’ N., long. 107°
00’ E.], Cochin China.
Cochin China.
Hypsipetes propinquus lekhakuni (Deignan)
Microscelis charlottae lekhakuni Deignan, 1954, Journ. Washing-
ton Acad. Sci., 44, p. 125— Ban Hin Laem [lat. 14° 40'N.,
long. 98° 40’ E.], Thailand.
Central Tenasserim (Amherst and Tavoy Districts) and the forest
of southwestern Thailand from southern Tak Province southward
to Prachuap Khiri Khan.
Hypsipetes propinquus cinnamomeoventris (Stuart Baker)
Tole virescens cinnamomeoventris Stuart Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 38, p. 16 — Tenasserim Town and Bankasun, Mergui
District, Tenasserim; type locality restricted to Tenasserim
Town, by Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 6.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 285
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra southward to the Siamese province of Trang.
HYPSIPETES CHARLOTTAE
Dull-brown Bulbul
Hypsipetes charlottae cryptus (Oberholser)
I{ole]. olivacea Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 386 —
Singapore. Not Hypsipetes olivaceus Jardine and Selby, 1837.
Tole olivacea crypta Oberholser, 1918, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 31, p. 197 — Pulau Jemaja [lat. 2°55’ N., long. 105° 45’ E.],
Anamba Islands.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme South; the Riouw Archipe-
lago; Sumatra and the West Sumatran Islands (Batu Group);
Bangka; Billiton; Anamba Islands; the northern Natuna Islands.
Hypsipetes charlottae charlottae (Finsch)
Criniger Charlottae Finsch, 1867, Journ. f. Orn., 15, p. 19 —
Borneo; type locality restricted to Banjermasin [lat. 3° 20’S.,
long. 114° 35’ E.], by Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 61, p. 8.
Southern and western Borneo.
Hypsipetes charlottae perplexus (Riley)
Tole olivaceae perplexa Riley, 1939, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
29, p. 40 — Labuan Kelambu [lat. 1° 15’ N., long. 118° 39’ E.],
Borneo.
Northern and eastern Borneo; Banggai Island.
HYPSIPETES PALAWANENSIS
Golden-eyed Bulbul
Hypsipetes palawanensis (Tweeddale)
Criniger palawanensis Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 618 — Puerto Princesa, Palawan.
Tole striaticeps Sharpe, 1888, Ibis, p. 200 — Palawan; type speci-
men from Taguso, fide Hartert, 1922, Novit. Zool., 29, p. 367.
Palawan.
HYPSIPETES CRINIGER
Hairy-backed Bulbul
Hypsipetes criniger criniger (Blyth)
Brlachypodius| ? criniger “A. Hay“ Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 577 — Malacca.
Trichophorus minutus Hartlaub, 1853, Journ. f. Orn., 1, p. 156 —
Malacca.
286 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Andropadus xanthogenys ““Temm. in Mus. Lugd.”’ Finsch, 1867,
Journ. f. Orn., 15, p. 19. In synonymy with T'richophorus mi-
nutus Hartlaub.
Myiosobus fulvicauda Reichenow, 1891, Journ. f. Orn., 39, p. 210
— Madagascar, error; cf. Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 560.
The Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim (Mergui District)
and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme South; Pulau Tioman (off
Pahang); eastern Sumatra; the northern Natuna Islands.
Hypsipetes criniger sericeus (Robinson and Kloss)
C[riniger]. sericea “‘Miller” Blyth, 1865, Ibis, p. 48. In synonymy
with “Setornis criniger apud nos, Catal.” [Not Setornis criniger
Lesson, 1839.]
Tricholestes criniger sericea “‘(S. Mill.) Robinson and Kloss,
1924, Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus., 11, p. 288 — Western
Sumatra; specimens from Gunong Ophir, Kurinchi, and Ben-
kulen.
Western Sumatra; Mansalar Island.
Hypsipetes criniger viridis (Bonaparte)
Trichophoropsis viridis Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 38, p. 59, footnote — Borneo.
Borneo.
HYPSIPETES PHILIPPINUS
Rufous-breasted Bulbul
Hypsipetes philippinus philippinus (J. R. Forster)
[Turdus| philippensis Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 814 —
Philippine Islands; type locality restricted to Luzon, by Hachi-
suka, 1935, Birds Philippine Is., pt. 4, p. 384. Not T’urdus phi-
lippensis Boddaert, 1783, nor Turdus philippensis P. L. 8. Miil-
ler, 1776.
[Turdus| philippinus J. R. Forster, 1795, Faunula Indica, ed. 2,
p. 8 — Philippine Islands, ex Latham, ex Sonnerat; type local-
ity here restricted to Luzén. Based on Latham, 1783, Gen.
Synops. Birds, 2, pt. 1, Thrush, no. 37.
Glalgulus]. philippinensis Kittlitz, 1832, Kupfert. Naturg. Vogel,
Heft 1, p. 8, pl. 12, fig. 2 — Philippine Islands; type locality
here restricted to Luzon.
Hypsipetes philippensis Strickland, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
13, p. 413 — Manila, Luzon.
Philedon gularis [‘‘Cuvier’’] Pucheran, 1855, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat.
(Paris), 7, p. 344, pl. 18 — China, error; type locality corrected
to Luzon, by Hartert, 1916, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36, p. 59.
Philippine Islands: Luzon, Samar, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 287
Hypsipetes philippinus guimarasensis (Steere)
Tole Guimarasensis Steere, 1890, List Birds. Mamms. Steere
Exped., p. 19 — Panay, Guimaras, and Negros, Philippine
Islands.
Philippine Islands: Ticao, Masbate, Panay, Guimaras, Negros.
Hypsipetes philippinus saturatior (Hartert)
Tole philippensis saturatior Hartert, 1916, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 36,
p- 58 — Davao, Mindanao.
Philippine Islands: eastern Mindanao.
Hypsipetes philippinus mindorensis (Steere)
Iole Mindorensis Steere, 1890 (July 14), List Birds. Mamms.
Steere Exped., p. 19 — Mindoro, Philippine Islands.
Jole schmackert Hartert, 1890 (post Sept.), Journ. f. Orn., 38,
p- 155 — Mount Halcon, Mindoro.
Philippine Islands: Mindoro and the near-by Semirara Group.
Hypsipetes philippinus rufigularis Sharpe
Hypsipetes rufigularis Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
ser. 2, 1, p. 335 — Malamaui Islet and Isabela, Basilan, Philip-
pine Islands.
Philippine Islands: western Mindanao and Basilan.
HYPSIPETES SIQUIJORENSIS
Slaty-crowned Bulbul
Hypsipetes siquijorensis cinereiceps (Bourns and Worcester)
Tole cinereiceps Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers Minne-
sota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, no. 1, p. 25 — Tablas and Romblon,
Philippine Islands.
Philippine Islands: Tablas and Romblon.
Hypsipetes siquijorensis monticola (Bourns and Worcester)
Lole monticola Bourns and Worcester, 1894, Occ. Papers Minne-
sota Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, no. 1, p. 25 — Cebu, Philippine Islands.
Philippine Islands: Cebu.
Hypsipetes siquijorensis siquijorensis (Steere)
Tole Siquijorensis Steere, 1890, List Birds Mamms. Steere Exped.,
p- 19 — Siquijor, Philippine Islands.
Philippine Islands: Siquijor.
288 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
HYPSIPETES EVERETTI
Yellow-washed Bulbul
Hypsipetes everetti samarensis Rand and Rabor
Hypsipetes everetti samarensis Rand and Rabor, 1959, Auk, 76,
p. 102 — San Isidro, Samar, Philippine Islands.
Phillippine Islands: Samar; Leyte(?); Panaon(?).
Hypsipetes everetti everetti (‘T'weeddale)
Criniger Everetti Tweeddale, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
4, 20, p. 535 — Surigao, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.
Philippine Islands: Dindgat; eastern and central Mindanao.
Hypsipetes everetti haynaldi (Blasius)
Criniger Haynaldi Blasius, 1890, Journ. f. Orn., 38, p. 143 — Sulu
Islands; type specimen from Jold, fide Hartert, 1922, Novit.
Zool, 29, p. 367.
Philippine Islands: Sulu Archipelago.
HYPSIPETES AFFINIS
Golden Bulbul
Hypsipetes affinis platenae (Blasius)
Criniger Platenae Blasius, 1888, Braunschweig. Anzeig., no. 9,
p. 86 — near Manganitu, Great Sangi, Sangi Islands.
Sangi Islands (Sangi).
Hypsipetes affinis aureus (Walden)
Criniger aureus Walden, 1872, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 9,
p. 400 — Togian Islands.
Togian Islands (Togian).
Hypsipetes affinis harterti (Stresemann)
Criniger affinis harterti Stresemann, 1912, Novit. Zool., 19, p. 342
— Peleng, Banggai Islands.
Banggai Islands (Banggai and Peleng).
Hypsipetes affinis longirostris (Wallace)
Oriniger longirostris Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 3
(1862), p. 339 — Sula Islands.
Sula Islands.
Hypsipetes affinis chloris (Finsch)
Criniger simplex Wallace, 1862, Ibis, p. 8350 — Bachan, Halma-
hera, and Morotai, North Moluccas. Not Trichophorus [= Cri-
niger| simplex Hartlaub, 1855.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 289
Criniger Chloris Finsch, 1867, Journ. f. Orn., 15, p. 36 — Hal-
mahera, North Moluccas.
North Moluccas: Morotai, Halmahera, Batjan.
Hypsipetes affinis lucasi (Hartert)
Criniger lucasi Hartert, 1903, Novit. Zool., 10, p. 13 — Obi,
North Moluccas.
North Moluccas: Obi.
Hypsipetes affinis mystacalis (Wallace)
Criniger mystacalis Wallace, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 28
— Buru, South Moluccas.
South Moluccas: Buru.
Hypsipetes affinis affinis (Hombron and Jacquinot)
Criniger affinis Hombron and Jacquinot, 1841, Ann. Sci. Nat.
(Paris), sér. 2 (Zool.), 16, p. 313 — Waru, Ceram, South Mo-
luccas.
South Moluccas: Ceram.
Hypsipetes affinis flavicaudus (Bonaparte)
[Trichophorus| flavicaudus Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen. Av., 1,
p- 262 — Amboina, South Moluccas.
South Moluccas: Amboina.
HYPSIPETES INDICUS
Golden-browed Bulbul
Hypsipetes indicus ictericus (Strickland)
Criniger? ictericus Strickland, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13,
p. 411 — East Indies, error; type locality corrected to Maha-
baleshwar, Satara North, Bombay, apud Stuart Baker, 1921,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 470.
Forests of Bombay State from the Poona District southward to
Belgaum.
Hypsipetes indicus indicus (Jerdon)
T{richophorus]. Indicus Jerdon, 1839, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., 10,
p. 249 — West Coast of the Peninsula of India; type locality
here restricted to the Nilgiri District, Madras State.
Tole icterica intensior Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
52, p. 64 — Kunjapani, Nilgiri District, Madras State.
Forests of southwestern India and of Ceylon (excepting the area
occupied by H. 2. guglielmi).
290 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Hypsipetes indicus guglielmi (Ripley)
Microscelis ictericus guglielmi Ripley, 1946, Spolia Zeylanica, 24,
p. 230 — Depedene Estate, Rakwana, Sabaragamuwa Province,
Ceylon.
Southwestern Ceylon.
HYPSIPETES MCCLELLANDII
Hypsipetes mcclellandii mcclellandii Horsfield
Hypsipetes McClellandii Horsfield, 1840, in McClelland, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, pt. 7 (1839), p. 159 — Assam.
Ixos mcclellandii vargus Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
no. 1, p. 10 — Bhimpedi, Nepal.
Along the Himalayas from western Uttar Pradesh eastward to
eastern Assam, both north and south of the Brahmaputra.
Hypsipetes meclellandii ventralis (Stresemann)
Ixos mcclellandii ventralis Stresemann, 1940, in Stresemann and
Heinrich, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24, pp. 153 (in list, sub nom.
Tole), 183 — Mount Victoria [lat. 21° 15’ N., long. 93° 55’ E.],
Upper Burma.
Hill tracts of southwestern Burma (Chin Hills and Arakan Yoma).
Hypsipetes mcclellandii tickelli Blyth
Hypsipetes Tickelli Blyth, 1855, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24,
p- 275 — mountainous interior of Tenasserim. Green-backed
variety.
Tole holti binghami Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 558, footnote
—Loi San Pa = Taung Palaung [lat. 21° 46’ N., long. 96°
55’ E.], Southern Shan State. Brown-backed variety.
Eastern Burma from the Northern Shan State southward, through
the Southern Shan and Karenni States, to the Amherst District of
Tenasserim; northwestern Thailand.
Hypsipetes meclellandii similis (Rothschild)
Tole maclellandi [sic] similis Rothschild, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28,
p. 51 — Shweli-Salween Divide, western Yunnan.
From northeastern Burma (Kachin State) southeastward, through
Yunnan, to northern Laos and northwestern Tonkin.
Hypsipetes meclellandii holtii Swinhoe
Hypsipetes holtii Swinhoe, 1861, Ibis, p. 266 — Pehling Hills, near
Foochow, Fukien.
Hill tracts of Fukien and Kwangtung; birds of Szechwan may
be provisionally referred to this race.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 291
Hypsipetes mcclellandii loquax (Deignan)
Ixos mcclellandii loquax Deignan, 1940, Smiths. Mise. Coll., 99,
no. 18, p. 2— Doi Phu Kha [lat. 19° 05’ N., long. 101° 05’ E.],
Thailand. Brown-backed variety.
The eastern portion of the northern plateau of Thailand, the
northwestern portion of its eastern plateau, and southern Laos (Bo-
loven Plateau).
Hypsipetes mcclellandii griseiventer (Robinson and Kloss)
Hemixus tickelli griseiventer Robinson and Kloss, 1919, Ibis, p. 568
— Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.
Southern Annam (Lang Bian Plateau).
Hypsipetes mcclellandi canescens (Riley)
Ixos canescens [sic] Riley, 1933, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 46,
p. 155 — Khao Kuap [lat. 12° 25’ N., long. 102° 50’ E.], Thai-
land.
Known only from the type locality.
Hypsipetes mcclellandii peracensis (Hartert and Butler)
Tole tickelli peracensis Hartert and Butler, 1898, Novit. Zool., 5,
p. 506 — Gunong Ijau, Perak.
Hills of peninsular Thailand (Nakhon Si Thammarat Province)
and of Malaya from Perak southward to Selangor and Pahang.
HYPSIPETES MALACCENSIS
Green-backed Bulbul
Hypsipetes malaccensis Blyth
H|ypsipetes|. malaccensis Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
14, p. 574 — Malacca.
T(richophorus]. striolatus “Mill. Mus. Lugd.” Bonaparte, 1850,
Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 262 — Sumatra.
Trichophorus striolatus “Miller” Blyth, 1865, Ibis, p. 47 — Su-
matra.
Cochin China; the Malay Peninsula from southern Tenasserim
(Mergui District) and the Isthmus of Kra to the extreme South;
Lingga; Sumatra; Bangka; Borneo.
HYPSIPETES VIRESCENS
Hypsipetes virescens sumatranus (Wardlaw Ramsay)
Hemixus sumatranus Wardlaw Ramsay, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser.5, 10, p. 431 — Mount Singgalang [lat. 0° 24’S.,
long. 100° 20’ E.], Sumatra.
292 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Hemixus sumatranus Salvadori, 1887, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 2, 5, p. 525 — Mount Singgalang, Sumatra.
Highlands of western Sumatra.
Hypsipetes virescens virescens (Temminck)
Ixos virescens Temminck, 1825, Pl. col., livr. 64, pl. 382, fig. 1 —
Java.
Highlands of Java.
HYPSIPETES FLAVALA
Brown-eared Bulbul
Hypsipetes flavala flavala (Blyth)
H{emixos]. flavala ‘“‘Hodgson”’ Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, 14, p. 572 — Nepal, ex Hodgson.
Hemipus flavula [‘“Hodgs.”’| J. E. Gray, 1846, Cat. Mamm. Birds
Nepal and Thibet, p. 90 (nomen nudum), 154 — Nepal.
Along the Himalayas from Garhwal eastward, through Nepal,
Bhutan, and Assam, to northeastern Burma, and southward through
Assam to southwestern Burma.
Hypsipetes flavala canipennis (Seebohm)
Hemixus canipennis Seebohm, 1890, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 342, pl. 27 — near Foochow, Fukien.
Hill tracts of Fukien, Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and northeastern
Tonkin.
Hypsipetes flavala castanonotus (Swinhoe)
Hemixus castanonotus Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 251, pl. 9, fig. 1—
Tai-ping-sze and near Lingmun, central Hainan.
Hainan.
Hypsipetes flavala bourdellei (Delacour)
Hemixus flavala bourdellei Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
47, p. 13 — Xieng Khouang [lat. 19° 19’ N., long. 103° 22’ E.],
Laos.
Northern Laos and the Dong Phaya Fai and Dong Phaya Yen
Ranges of eastern Thailand.
Hypsipetes flavala remotus (Deignan)
Microscelis flavala remotum Deignan, 1957, Proc. Biol. Soc.Wash-
ington, 70, p. 44 — Lang Bian Peaks, southern Annam.
Southern Laos (Boloven Plateau) and southern Annam (Lang
Bian Plateau).
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 293
Hypsipetes flavala hildebrandi (Hume)
Hemixus Hildebrandi Hume, 1874, Stray Feathers, 2, p. 508
— On the banks of the Yunzalin, Salween District, Tenasserim.
Hemixus brunneiceps ““Walden” Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus., 6 (1882), p. 50 — Karen Hills, Upper Burma.
The Southern Shan and Karenni States, northern Tenasserim
(Salween District), and northwestern Thailand.
Hypsipetes flavala davisoni (Hume)
Hemixus Davisoni Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 111 — On
the Taungya road to Myawadi, Amherst District, Tenasserim.
Central Tenasserim (Amherst District) and southwestern Thai-
land (valley of the Mae Klong).
Hypsipetes flavala cinereus (Blyth)
I[ole]. cinerea “A. Hay” Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
14, p. 573 — Malacca.
The Malay Peninsula from the Siamese province of Nakhon Si
Thammarat southward to Johore; Sumatra.
Hypsipetes flavala connectens (Sharpe)
Hemixus connectens Sharpe, 1887, Ibis, p. 446— Kina Balu,
North Borneo.
Highlands of northern Borneo.
HYPSIPETES AMAUROTIS
Hypsipetes amaurotis hensoni Stejneger
Hypsipetes amaurotis hensoni Stejneger, 1892, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 15, p. 347 — Hakodate, Hokkaido.
¢Microscelis amaurotis septentrionalis Dementiev and Gizenko,
1950, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 70, p. 1081 — Mouth of the
river Suzuya, southern Sakhalin.
Breeds in southwestern Hokkaido. On migration or in winter
apparently northward to southern Sakhalin, southward to northern
Honshu, and southwestward to southern Korea, Quelpart Island,
and northeastern Chekiang.
Hypsipetes amaurotis amaurotis (Temminck)
Turdus amaurotis Temminck, 1830, Pl. col., livr. 84, pl. 497 —
Japan.
Microscelis amaurotis kanrasanti Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn.
Orient., 1, p. 118, 126, 130, 140 — Sin-sa-men, Quelpart Island.
Breeds in the Japanese islands (excepting those occupied by H. a.
matchiae) from northern Honshu southward to Kyushu, on the islets
of the Izu chain as far as Mikurajima, and on the islands south
of Korea (Quelpart and Tsushima). On migration or in winter south-
ward through the Ryukyus to Ishigaki.
20
294 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Hypsipetes amaurotis matchiae (Momiyama)
Microscelis amaurotis matchie [sic] Momiyama, 1923, Dobuts.
Zasshi (Tokyo), 35, p. 401 — Hachijo, Izu Islands [in Japanese].
Hachijo and islands south of Kyushu (Tanegashima and Yaku-
shima).
Hypsipetes amaurotis squamiceps (Kittlitz)
Oriolus squamiceps Kittlitz, 1830, Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Péters-
bourg, 1, livr. 3 (1831), p. 241, pl. 16 — Bonin Islands.
Bonin Islands: Mukojima, Chichijima, Hahajima.
Hypsipetes amaurotis magnirostris Hartert
Hypsipetes amaurotis magnirosiris Hartert, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 15, p. 46 — “San Dionisio” = Minami-iwo-jima, Volcano
Islands.
Volcano Islands (south of the Bonin Islands).
Hypsipetes amaurotis borodinonis (Kuroda)
Microscelis amaurotis borodinonis Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 43, p. 122 — Minami-Daitojima, Borodino Islands.
Borodino Islands: Minami-Daitojima.
Hypsipetes amaurotis ogawae Hartert
Hypsipetes amaurotis ogawae Hartert, 1907,%,V6g. pal. Faun.,
Heft 4, p. 465 — Amami-Oshima, Northern Ryukyu Islands.
Northern Ryukyu Islands: Amami-Oshima and Tokunoshima.
Hypsipetes amaurotis pryeri Stejneger
Hypsipetes pryeri Stejneger, 1887, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 642
— Naha, Okinawa, Middle Ryukyu Islands.
Middle Ryukyu Islands: Ihiya, Okinawa, Zamami, Kume.
?Hypsipetes amaurotis insignis (Kuroda)
Microscelis amaurotis insignis Kuroda, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 43, p. 105 — Nishisato, Miyakojima, Southern Ryukyu Is-
lands.
Southern Ryukyu Islands: Miyakojima; doubtfully distinct from
H. a. pryeri.
Hypsipetes amaurotis stejnegeri Hartert
Hypsipetes amaurotis stejnegeri Hartert, 1907, Vog. pal. Faun.,
Heft 4, p. 464 — Ishigaki, Southern Ryukyu Islands.
Southern Ryukyu Islands: Ishigaki, Iriomote and ?Yonakuni.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 295
Hypsipetes amaurotis nagamichii nom. nov.
Microscelis amaurotis harterti Kuroda, 1922, Annot. Zool. Japon.,
10, p. 116 — Botel Tobago. Not Criniger affinis harterti Strese-
mann, 1912.
Southern Formosa, and Botel Tobago.
Hypsipetes amaurotis batanensis Mearns
Hypsipetes batanensis “Mearns” = McGregor, 1907, Philippine
Journ. Sci., 2, Sect. A, p. 342 — Batan Island, Luzon Strait.
Hypsipetes batanensis Mearns, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci., 2,
Sect. A, p. 357 — Santo Domingo de Basco, Batan Island.
Philippine Islands: Batan (between Formosa and Luzon).
Hypsipetes amaurotis fugensis Ogilvie Grant
Hypsipetes fugensis Ogilvie Grant, 1895, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 5,
p- i — Fuga Island, Babuyan Islands.
Philippine Islands: Calaydn and Fuga (north of Luzon).
Hypsipetes amaurotis camiguinensis McGregor
Hypsipetes camiguinensis McGregor, 1907, Philippine Journ. Sci.,
2, Sect. A, p. 347 — Camiguin Island, Babuyan Islands.
Philippine Islands: Camiguin (north of Luzon).
HYPSIPETES CRASSIROSTRIS!
Thick-billed Bulbul
Hypsipetes crassirostris Newton
Hypsipetes crassirostris Newton, 1867, Ibis, p. 344, footnote —
Mahé, Seychelle Islands.
Seychelle Islands: Mahé, Praslin, Félicité.
HYPSIPETES BORBONICUS
Olivaceous Bulbul
Hypsipetes borbonicus borbonicus (J. R. Forster)
[T'urdus| Borbonicus J. R. Forster, 1781, Zool. Indica, p. 41 —
Isle of Bourbon = La Réunion, ez Brisson. Based on the Me-
rula Borbonica of Brisson, 1760, Ornithologie, 2, p. 293, pl. 24,
fig. 3.
[T'urdus] borbonicus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 821 —
Isle of Bourbon.
La Réunion.
1 Hypsipetes crassirostris, H. borbonicus, H. madagascariensis, and H. nico-
bariensis together constitute a superspecies.
20*
296 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Hypsipetes borbonicus olivaceus Jardine and Selby
Hypsipetes Ganeesa? “Sykes” Jardine and Selby, 1835, Ill. Orn.,
3, pt. 10, pl. 148 — Cape of Good Hope, New Holland, and
Mauritius; type specimen from Mauritius, fide Blyth, 1845,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 575. Not Hypsipetes ganeesa
Sykes, 1832.
H{ypsipetes|. olivacea Jardine and Selby, 1837, Ill. Orn., new ser.,
pt. 1, in text to pl. 2. New name for Hypsipetes ganeesa? ““Sykes”
Jardine and Selby, 1835, misapplication.
Mauritius.
HYPSIPETES MADAGASCARIENSIS
Black Bulbul
Hypsipetes madagascariensis madagascariensis (P. L. 8S.
Miller)
Turdus Madagascariensis P. L. 8. Miller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl.,
p. 189 — Madagascar.
Madagascar.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis grotei (Friedmann)
Ixocincla madagascariensis grote: Friedmann, 1929, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 42, p. 216 — fle Glorieuse, Gloriosa Islands.
Gloriosa Islands.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis parvirostris Milne-Edwards and
Oustalet
Hypsipetes parvirostris Milne-Edwards and Oustalet, 1885, Compt.
Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 101, p. 222 — Grande-Comore, Co-
moro Islands.
Microscelis madagascariensis albiventris Neumann, 1926, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 34, p. 110 — Anjouan, Comoro Islands.
Comore Archipelago.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis rostratus (Ridgway)
Ixocincla madagascariensis rostrata Ridgway, 1893, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 16, p. 597 — Aldabra Island [lat. 9° 25’S., long.
46° 20’ E.].
Aldabra.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis humii (Whistler and Kinnear)
Microscelis psaroides humii Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, no. 4, p. 754 — Ceylon.
Ceylon.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 297
Hypsipetes madagascariensis ganeesa Sykes
Hypsipetes Ganeesa Sykes, 1832, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London,
pt. 2, p. 86 — dense woods of the Ghats = Mahabaleshwar,
Satara North, Bombay, fide Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, no. 4, p. 753.
H{ypsepetes]. [sic] Neilgherriensis Jerdon, 1839, Madras Journ.
Lit. Sci., 10, p. 245 — Nilgiri Hills, Madras.
The hill tracts of southwestern India and northward along the
Western Ghats to the vicinity of Bombay.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis psaroides Vigors
Hypsipetes Psaroides Vigors, 1831, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, pt. 1 (1830-1831), p. 43 — Himalayas; type locality re-
stricted to Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Stuart Baker, 1921,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27, p. 467.
Along the Himalayas from eastern Afghanistan eastward to
eastern Assam (north and west of the Brahmaputra).
Hypsipetes madagascariensis nigrescens Stuart Baker
Hypsipetes psaroides nigrescens Stuart Baker, 1917, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 38, p. 15 — Kalaikhin, near Pondaung Taung [lat.
23° 31’ N., long. 94° 36’ E.], and Letsegan Rest House [lat. 23°
38’ N., long. 94° 36’ E.], Upper Burma.
Eastern Assam (east and south of the Brahmaputra), Manipur,
and western Burma from the Upper Chindwin southward to the
Arakan Yoma.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis concolor Blyth
Hypsipetes concolor Blyth, 1849, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 18,
p. 816 — Tenasserim; type specimen from Moulmein, Amherst
District, fide Sclater, 1892, Ibis, p.77, and Finn, 1901, List
Birds Indian Mus., pt. 1, p. 94.
Hypsipetes yunanensis Anderson, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 213 — Pang Si, western Yunnan.
Hypsipetes subniger Hume, 1877, Stray Feathers, 5, p. 109 —
Tenasserim; type specimens inferentially from the Thaungya
Sakan and Mitan, Amherst District [vide Hume, 1878, in Hume
and Davison, ibid., 6, p. 295, 296].
Microscelis psaroides impar Riley, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 53, p.133— Near Dalat [lat. 11° 55’ N., long. 108°
26’ E.], Annam.
Eastern Burma from the southern portion of the Kachin State
southward to central Tenasserim; northern and eastern Thailand;
southwestern Yunnan; Laos; the southern half of Annam.
298 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Hypsipetes madagascariensis ambiens (Mayr)
Microscelis leucocephalus ambiens Mayr, 1942, Journ. f. Orn., (1941),
89, p. 385 — Laukkaung-Chipwi track, Myitkyina District, Ka-
chin State, Upper Burma.
Northeastern Burma and northwestern Yunnan (western slopes
of the Irrawaddy-Salween watershed).
Hypsipetes madagascariensis sinensis (La Touche)
Haringtonia perniger sinensis La Touche, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 42, p. 53 — Hokow, southeastern Yunnan.
Northwesternmost Yunnan and adjacent Hsikang (Salween-Me-
kong watershed), on migration or in winter moving southeastward
as far as eastern Thailand and southern Laos.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis stresemanni (Mayr)
Microscelis leucocephalus stresemanni Mayr, 1942, Journ. f. Orn.,
(1941), 89, p. 383 — western slopes of the Likiang Mountains,
northwestern Yunnan.
Northwestern Yunnan (eastern slopes of the Mekong-Yangtze
watershed and the Likiang Mountains), on migration or in winter
moving southward and eastward to northern and eastern Thailand
and southern Laos.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis leucothorax (Mayr)
Microscelis leucocephalus leucothorax Mayr, 1942, Journ. f. Orn.,
(1941), 89, p.381 — Chung-chiang-miao, Szechwan, 7. e. Hsikang.
Eastern Hsikang, Szechwan, and Hupeh, on migration or in win-
ter moving southward and eastward to northern and eastern Thai-
land, southern Laos, and Tonkin.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis leucocephalus (Gmelin)
[Turdus] leucocephalus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 829 —
China; type locality restricted to the Canton district, Kwang-
tung, ex Sonnerat, apud Mayr, 1942, Journ. f. Orn., 89, p. 379.
Haringtonia leucocephalus montivagus Bangs and Penard, 1923,
Proc. New England Zodl. Cl., 8, p. 41 — Yenping = Nanping,
Fukien.
Hill tracts of the maritime provinces of southeastern China from
southern Anhwei and Chekiang southward and eastward to Kwang-
tung and Kwangsi.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis nigerrimus Gould
Hypsipetes nigerrima Gould, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1862),
p. 282 — Formosa.
Formosa.
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE 299
Hypsipetes madagascariensis perniger Swinhoe
Hypsipetes perniger Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 251, pl. 9, fig. 2 —
Hainan.
Hainan.
HYPSIPETES NICOBARIENSIS
Nicobar Bulbul
Hypsipetes nicobariensis Moore
Ixocincla virescens Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14,
p. 575 — Nicobar Islands. Not Ixos virescens Temminck, 1825.
Hypsipetes nicobariensis Moore, 1854, in Horsfield and Moore,
Cat. Birds Mus. Hon. East-India Co., 1, p. 257. New name for
Ixocincla virescens Blyth, preoccupied.
Nicobar Islands.
HYPSIPETES THOMPSONI
Brown-vented Bulbul
Hypsipetes thompsoni (Bingham)
Cerasophila Thompsoni Bingham, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser.7, 5, p.358— Loi San Pa = Taung Palaung [lat. 21°
46’ N., long. 96° 55’ E.], Southern Shan States.
From the southern portion of the Kachin State of Burma south-
ward, through the Shan and Karenni States, to northern Tenas-
serim (Salween District) and northwestern Thailand.
Genus NEOLESTES CaBanis
Neolestes Cabanis, 1875, Journ. f. Orn., 23, p. 237. Type, by mono-
typy, Neolestes torquatus Cabanis.
NEOLESTES TORQUATUS
Neolestes torquatus Cabanis
Neolestes torquatus Cabanis, 1875, Journ. f. Orn., 23, p. 237, pl. 1,
fig. 1 — no locality given. Described from specimen from Chin-
choxo, Loango Coast (Reichenow, 1903, Vog. Afr., 2, p. 556).
Gaboon to northern Angola (south to Mombolo and Lake Dilolo
region) and eastward, south of the Congo forest to Marungu and
Manyema District of the southern Belgian Congo; then north to
Lake Kivu.
Genus TYLAS Harriavus
Tylas Hartlaub, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 152. Type, by
monotypy, 7'ylas eduardi Hartlaub.
cf. Delacour, 1932, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn., 2, p. 69-70.
Rand, 1936, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 72, p. 457-458.
300 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
TYLAS EDUARDI
Tylas eduardi eduardi Hartlaub
Tylas eduardi Hartlaub, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 152,
pl. 18 —type from Alanamasaotra, eastern Madagascar (see
Ibis, 1862, p. 273).
Eastern Madagascar from Andapa to Vondrozo.
Tylas eduardi albigularis Hartlaub
Tylas albigularis! “Schleg.”’, Hartlaub, 1877, Vog. Madagascars,
p. 1438 — Mouroundava [= Morandava, western Madagascar].
Central western Madagascar.
Famity IRENIDAE
JEAN DELACOUR
Genus AEGITHINA VIEILLOT
Aegithina Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 44. Type, by monotypy, Fau-
vette leucoptere = Sylvia leucoptera Vieillot = Motacilla tiphia
Linnaeus.
Aethorhynchus Sundevall, 1872, Math. Nat. Av. Disp. Tentamen,
p- 8. Type, by subsequent designation, Jora lafresnayer Hart-
laub (Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6, p. 13).
cf. Marien, 1952, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1589, p. 1-17.
Hall, 1957, Ibis, p. 148-146.
AEGITHINA TIPHIA
Aegithina tiphia multicolor (Gmelin)
Fringilla multicolor Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 11, p. 924 —
Ceylon.
Ceylon and Travancore. Intergrading with hwmei in southern
India.
Aegithina tiphia deignani Hall
Aegithina tiphia deignani Hall, 1957, Ibis, p. 148 — Yawdin,
Pakokku Dist., Central Burma.
Peninsular India (except Travancore), northern and Central
Burma, south of 20° N., excluding Arakan, north of Thayetmymo,
Pakkoku and Myingan.
1 J. alfredi Sharpe; 1’. fulviventris Sharpe; and 1’. strophiatus Stejn. of
Sharpe’s ““Hand-List” are synonyms.
FAMILY IRENIDAE 301
Aegithina tiphia humei Stuart Baker
Aegithina tiphia humei Stuart Baker, 1922, Fauna Brit. India,
Birds, ed. 2, 1, p. 342 — Raipur, south central India.
Central India, south of the Ganges.
Aegithina tiphia tiphia (Linnaeus)
Motacilla tiphia Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 186 —
Bengal.
Northeastern India, from Kumaon east to Bengal, Assam;
Arakan.
Aegithina tiphia septentrionalis Koelz
Aegithina tiphia septentrionalis Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc.,
Washington, 52, p. 63 — Bhadwar, Kangra Dist., northern
Punjab.
Northwestern Frontier Province and the Punjab.
Aegithina tiphia philipi Oustalet
Aegithina Philipi Oustalet, 1885, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat.,
Paris (2), 8, p. 285 — Hué, Annam.
Aegithina tiphia styani La Touche, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p- 174 — southern Yunnan (Szemao).
Southern Yunnan, Tonkin, Laos, northern and central Annam,
Southern Shan States, northern and central Thailand.
Aegithina tiphia cambodiana Hall
Aegithina tiphia cambodiana Hall, 1957, Ibis, p. 150 — Siem-Reap,
Cambodia.
Cambodia, Cochin China, southern Annam, southeastern Thai-
land.
Aegithina tiphia horizoptera Oberholser
Aegithina tiphia horizoptera Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
60, p. 9 — Telok Bluku, Nias Island, western Sumatra.
Aegithina tiphia singapurensis Chasen and Kloss, 1931, Bull.
Raffles Mus., 5, p. 85 — Singapore Island.
Aegithina tiphia micromelaena Oberholser, 1923, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 76, p. 7 — Tannong Tedong, Banka Island.
Lower Burma, southwestern and Peninsular Thailand, Malaya,
Sumatra and offshore islands, including Nias and Bangka.
Aegithina tiphia scapularis (Horsfield)
Jora scapularis Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc., 13, p. 152 —
Java.
Java and Bali.
302 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Aegithina tiphia viridis (Bonaparte)
Jora viridis Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 397 — Borneo.
Aegithina tiphia damicra Oberholser, 1923, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
76, (6), p. 7—Smitau, Kapuas River, southwestern Borneo.
Aegithina tiphia zaphonota Oberholser, 1923, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
76, (6), p. 8 — Taham, central eastern Borneo.
Southern Borneo.
Aegithina tiphia aequanimis Bangs
Aegithina tiphia aequanimis Bangs, 1922, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
65, (4), p. 81 — Puerto Princessa, Palawan.
Aegithina tiphia chaseni Stresemann, 1938, Temminckia, 3, p. 126
— northern Borneo.
Palawan; northern Borneo and neighboring islands.
AEGITHINA NIGROLUTEA!
Aegithina nigrolutea (Marshall)
Tora nigrolutea Marshall, 1876, Stray Feathers, p. 410 — Meerut
and Saharunpoor.
Aegithina nigrolutea sulfurea Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg. Expl.,
1, p. 9 — Sihor, Saurashtra.
North central India, from the Northwest Frontier Province and
Saurashtra to eastern Bengal; accidentally south to Mysore and
Madras.
AEGITHINA VIRIDISSIMA
Aegithina viridissima viridissima (Bonaparte)
Jora viridissima Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 397 —
Sumatra.
Aegithina viridissima nesiotica Oberholser, 1912, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 60, (7), p. 10 — Tana Batu Island, Batu Islands.
Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo and Peninsular Thailand, neighboring
islands, except Anamba Islands.
Aegithina viridissima thapsina Oberholser
Aegithina viridissima thapsina Oberholser, 1917, Smiths. Mise.
Coll., 60, (7), p. 40 — Siantan Island, Anamba Islands.
Anamba Islands.
AEGITHINA LAFRESNAYEI
Aegithina lafresnayei lafresnayei (Hartlaub)
Tora Lafresnayet Hartlaub, 1844, Rev. Zool., p. 401 — Malacca.
Peninsular Siam, Malaya.
1 May be conspecific with Aegithina tiphia. Status and distribution still
doubtful.
FAMILY IRENIDAE 303
Aegithina lafresnayei innotata (Blyth)
Iora innotata Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, (1),
p. 472 — Arrakan.
Southern Burma, northern and central Indo-China, Thailand
south to the Isthmus of Kra.
Aegithina lafresnayei xanthotis (Sharpe)
Aethorhynchus xanthotis Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6,
p. 15 — Cambodia.
Southern Indochina.
GEeNus CHLOROPSIS JARDINE AND SELBY
Chloropsis Jardine and Selby, 1827, Ill. Orn., 1, pt. 1, text to
pl. 5. Type, by original designation, T’urdus cochinchinensis
Latham.
CHLOROPSIS FLAVIPENNIS
Chloropsis flavipennis flavipennis (Tweeddale)
Phyllornis flavipennis Tweeddale, 1878, Proc. Zool. Soc. London
(1877), p. 761 — Cebu.
Cebu, Philippine Islands.
Chloropsis flavipennis mindanensis Salomonsen
Chloropsis flavipennis mindanensis Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk.
Medd. Dansk naturh. Foren., 115, p. 270— Agay, Agusan
Prov., northeastern Mindanao.
Mindanao, Philippine Islands.
CHLOROPSIS PALAWANENSIS
Chloropsis palawanensis (Sharpe)
Phyllornis palawanensis Sharpe, 1877, Trans. Linn. Soc., (2), 1,
Zool., p. 333 — Puerto Princessa, Palawan.
Palawan.
CHLOROPSIS SONNERATI
Chloropsis sonnerati sonnerati Jardine and Selby
Chloropsis Sonnerati Jardine and Selby, 1827, Ill. Orn., 1, text
to pl. 5 (Syn., no. 3) — Java.
Java.
Chloropsis sonnerati zosterops Vigors
Chloropsis zosterops Vigors and Horsfield, 1830, in S. Raffles Mem.
Life Sir T. S. Raffles, p. 674 — Sumatra.
304 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Peninsular Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Rhio Archipelago, Billi-
ton, Natuna Islands, Borneo.
Chloropsis sonnerati parvirostris Hartert
Chloropsis zosterops parvirostris Hartert, 1898, Orn. Monatsb., 6,
p. 93 — Nias Island.
Nias Island.
CHLOROPSIS CYANOPOGON
Chloropsis cyanopogon cyanopogon (Temminck)
Phyllornis cyanopogon Temminck, 1829, Pl. Col., livr. 81, pl. 512
— Palembang, Sumatra.
Southernmost Tenasserim, Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo,
Banguey Island.
Chloropsis cyanopogon septentrionalis Robinson and Kloss
Chloropsis cyanopogan septentrionalis Robinson and Kloss, 1918,
Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, 3, (2), p. 107 — Non Kok, Ghirbe,
Peninsular Siam.
Peninsular Thailand, from the Isthmus of Kra to Trang and
Phattholeng.
CHLOROPSIS COCHINCHINENSIS
Chloropsis cochinchinensis cochinchinensis (Gmelin)
Turdus cochinchinensis Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 825 — Co-
chinchina.
Southern Indo China, southeastern Thailand.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis kinneari Hall and Deignan
Chloropsis cochinchinensis kinneari Hall and Deignan, 1956, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 76, p. 96 — Bao-Ha, Tonkin.
Northern Indo China and northern part of the eastern plateau
of Thailand.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis chlorocephala (Walden)
Phyllornis chlorocephalus Walden, 1871, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(4), 7, p. 241 — Tounghoo.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis chloreus Koelz, 1954, Contr. Inst. Reg.
Expl., p. 10 — Hahim Bazaar, Assam.
Assam, Burma and western Thailand as far south as the Isthmus
of Kra.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis seri-thai Deignan
Chloropsis cochinchinensis seri-thai Deignan, 1946, Smiths. Mise.
Coll., 106, (12) p. 1 — Ban-Tha-Lo, southwest of Surat Thani,
Peninsular Siam.
FAMILY IRENIDAE 305
Peninsular Thailand, except Pattani Province, north to Isthmus
of Kra.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis moluccensis (J. E. Gray)
Phyllornis moluccensis J. E. Gray, 1832, Zool. Misc., p. 33 — Ma-
lacea.
Malaya; Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat Provinces, Peninsular Thai-
land.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis icterocephala (Lesson)
Phyllornis icterocephala Lesson, 1840, Rev. Zool., p. 164 — Palem-
bang, Sumatra. Based on malabaricus Temminck, 1830, Pl.
Col., pl. 512.
Sumatra.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis natunensis Chasen
Chloropsis cochinchinensis natunensis Chasen, 1938, Orn. Monatsb.,
46, p. 7 — Bunguran Island, north Natuna Islands.
Natuna Islands.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis billitonis Chasen
Chloropsis cochinchinensis billitonis Chasen, 1937, Treubia, 16,
(2), p. 225 — Billiton Island.
Billiton Island.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis viridinucha (Sharpe)
Phyllornis viridinucha Sharpe, 1877, Ibis, p. 15 — Bintulu and
Tagora, Sarawak.
Borneo.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis nigricollis (Vieillot)
Philemon nigricollis Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 27, p. 431 — India and Cochinchina = Java.
Java.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis jerdoni (Blyth)
Phyllornis jerdoni Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13,
p. 392 — central India.
Peninsular India, south of Barodoi and Midnapore; Ceylon.
CHLOROPSIS AURIFRONS
Chloropsis aurifrons aurifrons (Temminck)
Phyllornis aurifrons Temminck, 1829, Pl. Col., livr. 81, pl. 484 —
“Sumatra.’’ Restricted to India: Cachar by Baker, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, 1920, p. 8.
306 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Himalayas and northeastern India, west to Garhwal, east to As-
sam and Burma.
Chloropsis aurifrons frontalis (Pelzeln)
Phyllornis frontalis Pelzeln, 1856, Akad.Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat.
classe, 20, p. 157, pl. 2, fig. 1 — Goa, India.
Chloropsis aurifrons davidsoni, Stuart Baker, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 41, p. 8 — New name for T'urdus malabaricus Gmelin.
Peninsular India, south to the Ah Palghat Gap.
Chloropsis aurifrons insularis Whistler and Kinnear
Chloropsis aurifrons insularis Whistler and Kinnear, 1932, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 35, p. 752 — Cotta, near Colombo,
Ceylon.
Travancore and Ceylon.
Chloropsis aurifrons pridii Deignan
Chloropsis aurifrons pridii Deignan, 1946, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
108, (12), p. 2— Doi Angka, north Siam.
Southern Burma, south to Amherst; Karenni; northern Thailand,
south to Tak in the West; northern and central Laos.
Chloropsis aurifrons inornata Kloss
Chloropsis aurifrons inornata Kloss, 1918, Ibis, p. 198 — Latbua-
kao and Koh-Lak, Siam.
Central and southeastern Thailand, Cambodia and Cochinchina.
Chloropsis aurifrons incompta Deignan
Chloropsis aurifrons incompta Deignan, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 61, p. 14— between Dalat and Ban Methuot,
southern Annam.
South and central Annam; southern Laos; southwestern Thailand.
Chloropsis aufrifrons media (Bonaparte)
Phyllornis media Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 396 —
Sumatra.
Sumatra.
CHLOROPSIS HARDWICKEI
Chloropsis hardwickei hardwickei Jardine and Selby
Chloropsis Hardwickii Jardine and Selby, 1830, Ll. Orn., 2, Add.,
p. 1 — Nepal.
Himalaya from Simla, east to Burma, northern Thailand and
northwestern Indo-China.
FAMILY IRENIDAE 307
Chloropsis hardwickei malayana Robinson and Kloss
Chloropsis hardwicket malayana Robinson and Kloss, 1923, Journ.
Fed. Malay St. Mus., 11, p. 55 — Mt. Ijau, Perak.
Malaya.
Chloropsis hardwickei melliana Stresemann
Chloropsis hardwickii melliana Stresemann, 1923, Journ. f. Orn.,
p. 363 — Siu-hang, Kwangtung.
Southern China (Fukien to Yunnan) and northeastern Indo-
china, south to central Annam.
Chloropsis hardwickei lazulina (Swinhoe)
Phyllornis lazulina Swinhoe, 1870, Ibis, p. 255 — Hainan.
Hainan.
CHLOROPSIS VENUSTA
Chloropsis venusta (Bonaparte)
Phyllornis venusta Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 396 —
Sumatra.
Sumatra.
Genus IRENA HorsFieip
Irena Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc., 13, pl. 1, p. 153. Type,
by monotypy, Coracias puella Latham.
Glauconympha Oberholser, 1917, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
7, p. 539. Type, by original designation, Irena (1. e. Muscicapa)
cyanea Begbie = Irena malayensis Moore.
Irenella Riley, 1927, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 40, p. 23. Type,
by original designation and monotypy, Jrena cyanogastra
Vigors.
IRENA PUELLA
Irena puella puella (Latham)
Coracias Puella Latham, 1790, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 171 — India =
Travancore.
Irena puella sikkimensis! Whistler and Kinnear, 1933, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36, (3), p. 582 — Sukna, Darjeeling.
Southwestern and northwestern India, Burma, Thailand, Indo
China.
1 Southwestern Indian populations (1) are slightly smaller than north-
eastern Indian (2), while the birds from farther east (3) are intermediate
(Adult males’ wings: (1) 123-132; (2) 133-141; (3) 124-140); such small
differences do not warrant subspecific recognition.
308 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Irena puella malayensis Moore
Irena malayensis Moore, in Horsfield and Moore, 1859, Cat. Birds
Mus. East Ind. Co., 1, p. 274 — Malacca.
Malaya.
Irena puella criniger Sharpe
Irena criniger Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 267 —
Borneo.
Glauconympha cyanea megacyanea Oberholser, 1917, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci., 7, (17), p. 540 — Tuanku Island, Banjak
Islands.
Irena puella bondi de Schauensee, 1940, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi-
ladelphia, 92, p. 34 — Tana Massa, Batu Islands.
Sumatra, Borneo and neighboring islands.
Irena puella turcosa Walden
Irena turcosa Walden, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 5, p. 417
— Java.
Java.
Irena puella tweeddalei Sharpe
Irena tweeddalii Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 268 —
Balabac.
Philippine Islands: Palawan, Balabac, Calamianes Islands.
IRENA CYANOGASTER
Irena cyanogaster cyanogaster Vigors
Irena cyanogastra Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 97 —
Manilla.
Luzon, Polillo.
Irena cyanogaster ellae Steere
Irena Ellae Steere, 1890, List Birds and Mam. Steere Exp., p. 18
— Catbalogan, Samar.
Samar, Leyte.
Irena cyanogaster melanochlamys Sharpe
Irena melanochlamys Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 266
— Basilan.
Philippine Islands: Basilan.
Irena cyanogaster hoogstraali Rand
Trena cyanogaster hoogstraali Rand, 1948, Fieldiana: Zool. (Chi-
caga), 31, (25), p. 203 — Burungkot, Upi Municipality, Cota-
bato Prov., Mindanao.
Philippine Islands: Mindanao.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 309
Famity LANIIDAE
Austin L. Rann!
cf. Hartert, 1910, Vég. pal. Faun., 1, p. 414455.
—, 1921, op. cit., 3, Heft 17, p. 2130-2132.
— and Steinbacher, 1934, op. cit., Ergainzungsband, p. 210-221.
Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 597-639.
Bannerman, 1939, Birds Trop. W. Afr., 5, p. 352-448 (West
African forms).
Chapin, 1954, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75 B (Birds Belgian
Congo, pt. 4), p. 12-96.
Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1955, Birds E. and N. E. Afr., 2,
p- 568-641 (E. African forms).
Vaurie, 1959, Birds Pal. Fauna, Passeriformes, p. 95-115.
SUBFAMILY PRIONOPINAE?
Genus EUROCEPHALUS SmitH
Eurocephalus Smith, 1836, Rep. Exp. Centr. Afr., App., p. 52.
Type, by monotypy, HL. anguitimens Smith.
cf. Zedlitz, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 46-50.
Macdonald, 1940, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 60, p. 71-72.
EUROCEPHALUS RUPPELLI
Eurocephalus riippelli Bonaparte
Eurocephalus riippelli Bonaparte, 1853, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris),
ser. 2, 5, p. 440 — White Nile, Shoa.
Eurocephalus anguitimens erlangeri Zedlitz, 1913, Orn. Monatsb.,
21, p. 58 — Dire Daua, Abyssinia.
Eurocephalus anguitimens deckeni Zedlitz, 1913, Orn. Monatsb.,
21, p. 58 — Afgoi, 8. Somaliland.
Eurocephalus anguitimens fischeri Zedlitz, 1913, Orn. Monatsb.,
21, p. 58 — Udjiri Swamp [= Ndjiri, west of Kilimanjaro].
1 Ms. read by: James P. Chapin, Herbert G. Deignan, Herbert Friedmann,
Erwin Stresemann.
2 The following genera included in Prionopidae in Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-List’’
have been transferred as follows:
Grallina to Grallinidae
Hemipus and Tephrodornis to Campephagidae
Fraseria, Pitohwi (including Rhectes, Pseudorhectes and Melanorhectes),
Colluricincla, Myjiolestes (including Pinarolestes, part), and Clytorhyn-
chus to Muscicapidae
Platylophus to Corvidae
Hypocolius to Bombycillidae
Horizorhinus to Timaliidae or Muscicapidae
For discussion of included genera see Mayr, 1943, Ibis, p. 216-218.
21
310 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Eurocephalus anguitimens bohmi Zedlitz, 1913, Orn. Monatsb., 21,
. 58 — Unijamanga, Langenburg, northeast of Lake Nyasa
(Zedlitz, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 49).
Southern Sudan, Abyssinia and Somaliland south through north-
ern Uganda and northern and eastern Kenya and central and
eastern Tanganyika Territory.
EUROCEPHALUS ANGUITIMENS
Eurocephalus anguitimens Smith
Eurocephalus anguitimens Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Afr.,
App., p. 52 — “between Latakoo and the Tropic.”
Eastern and northern Transvaal and Southern Rhodesia, west
through Bechuanaland to South West Africa.
GreNuS PRIONOPS VIEILLoT
Prionops Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 41. Type, by monotypy, ‘““Le
Geoffroy” of Levaillant = Lanius plumatus Shaw.
Sigmodus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1, p. 365. Type, by mono-
typy, Sigmodus caniceps Bp.
Knestrometopon Neumann, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68, p. 77. Type,
by original designation, Sigmodus scopifrons Peters.
Phaidrometopon Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 248.
Type, by original designation, Sigmodus scopifrons Peters.
Eressornis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 248. Type,
by original designation, Sigmodus retzii (Wahlberg).
cf. Friedmann, 1937, U. 8. Nat. Mus., Bull. 153, p. 315-322 (north-
east African forms).
Vincent, 1952, Check List Birds 8. Afr., p. 90 (South African
forms).
PRIONOPS PLUMATA
Prionops plumata plumata (Shaw)
Lanius plumatus Shaw, 1809, Gen. Zool., 7, p. 292 — Senegal.
Prionops plumatus haussarum Hartert, 1921, Novit. Zool., 28,
p. 126 — Farniso near Kano.
Senegal to Nigeria.
Prionops plumata adamauae Reichenow
Prionops poliocephalus adamauae Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 18, p. 95 — Faro and upper Benue in Adamaua; “‘type”’
labeled ‘“‘Kontscha,” according to Bannerman, swpra, p. 342.
Plains of Adamawa, northern Cameroon.
FAMILY LANIIDAE ah
Prionops plumata concinnata Sundevall!
Prionops concinnatus Sundevall, 1850, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh.,
7, p. 130 — Rozeres ad Nilum (lat. 12°).
Prionops concinnata ochracea Lynes, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41,
p- 18 — Nahud, western Kordofan.
Northeastern Cameroon and east through the northern Ubangi-
Shari and Belgian Congo (Uele) and Kordofan, to the southern half
of the Sudan, northwestern Abyssinia (west of Lake Tana) and
northern Uganda, intergrading with the next in western Lake Tana
area and in extreme southeastern Sudan.
Prionops plumata cristata Riippell
Prionops (Lanius) cristatus Riippell, 1836, Neue Wirbelth., Vog.,
p. 30, pl. 12, fig. 2 — coast at Massowa.
Prionops cristata omoensis Neumann, 1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53,
p. 216 — Omo River between Malo and Koscha.
Eritrea and parts of Abyssinia (across central, southwest, and to
central south in the juniper woods near Yavello) to extreme south-
eastern Sudan, and the Mt. Elgon area. Intergrades with the next
race in eastern Abyssinia.
Prionops plumata melanoptera Sharpe
Prionops melanoptera Sharpe, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, p. 46
— Fer Libah [= Fer Liban], Somaliland.
British Somaliland and eastern Abyssinia (Harar) and adjacent
Italian Somaliland (Haud area), intergrading gradually southward
with the next, smaller race.
Prionops plumata vinaceigularis? Richmond
Prionops vinaceigularis Richmond, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 162 — plains
east of Mount Kilimanjaro.
Extreme south central Abyssinia (thorn scrub in Mega-Yavello
area), Juba River area, and arid plains of northern and eastern
Kenya.
Prionops plumata angolica Grote
Prionops poliocephala angolica Grote, 1939, Orn. Monatsb., 47,
p. 182 — Malange (Malandje), north Angola.
Central southern Kenya (Nairobi and Escarpment area to Tsavo),
southern Uganda (Ankole), northwestern Tanganyika, and from
Ruanda and Lake Tanganyika across the southern Belgian Congo
and most of Northern Rhodesia to Angola and South West Africa
(Ovamboland).
1 P. martensi of Sharpe’s ‘“‘Hand-list’’ is a synonym.
2 P. intermedia of Sharpe’s ‘“‘Hand-list” is a synonym.
21*
312 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Prionops plumata poliocephala! (Stanley)
Lanius poliocephalus Stanley, 1814, in Salt’s Voyage to Abys-
sinia, London, App., p. 50 — no locality = Mozambique (see
Neumann, 1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53, p. 217-218).
Eastern and central Tanganyika Territory south to Portuguese
East Africa, Zululand and Transvaal, intergrading westward with
the preceding, larger race.
PRIONOPS POLIOLOPHA
Prionops poliolopha Fischer and Reichenow
Prionops poliolophus Fischer and Reichenow, 1884, Journ. f. Orn.,
32, p. 180 — Lake Naivasha, Kenya.
Central and southwestern Kenya to central western Tanganyika.
PRIONOPS CANICEPS
Prionops caniceps caniceps (Bonaparte)
Sigmodus caniceps Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1, p. 365 —West
Africa = Boutry [Butré] River, Gold Coast (see Hartlaub, 1857,
Syst. Orn. Westafr., [Bremen], p. 105].
Sierre Leone to Togoland.
Prionops caniceps harterti (Neumann)
Sigmodus caniceps harterti Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
21, p. 70 — Degama, southern Nigeria.
Southern Nigeria.
Prionops caniceps rufiventris (Bonaparte)
Sigmodus rufiventris Bonaparte, 1853, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris),
p. 441 — Mozambique; error = Gabon (see Hartlaub, 1857,
Syst. Orn. Westafr., [Bremen], p. 105.
Cameroon to the lower and middle Congo and the Ubangi River.
Prionops caniceps mentalis (Sharpe)
Sigmodus mentalis Sharpe, 1884, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool.,
17, p. 425 — Sassa (in Azande country; see Chapin, 1954, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 75 B, p. 89).
Eastern and southern Belgian Congo (from the Uele to the central
Kasai areas), and east to western Uganda (Bugoma).
PRIONOPS ALBERTI
Prionops alberti Schouteden
Prionops alberti Schouteden, 1933, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 24, p. 211
— summit of Mt. Mikeno, 4,400 m., Kivu District.
1 P,talacoma of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list” is a synonym.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 313
Mountains above 4,500 feet in eastern Belgian Congo, from west
of Lake Edward and the western Kivu Volcanoes southward to west
of Lake Tanganyika.
PRIONOPS RETZII
Prionops retzii neumanni (Zedlitz)
Sigmodus retzii neumanni Zedlitz, 1915, Journ. f. Orn., 63, p. 51
— Fanole.
South Italian Somaliland.
Prionops retzii graculina Cabanis
Prionops graculinus Cabanis, 1868, Journ. f. Orn., 16, p. 412, pl. 3
— Mombasa (see Finsch and Hartlaub, 1870, Vog. Ost. Afr.,
p- 368).
Kenya Colony (inland to Nairobi and Kavirondo) and north-
eastern Tanganyika Territory.
Prionops retzii tricolor Gray
Prionops tricolor G. R. Gray, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 45 — Tete.
Tanganyika Territory from about the Pangani River south to
southern Portuguese East Africa, Mashonaland, Nyasaland, and
most of Northern Rhodesia.
Prionops retzii intermedia (Neumann)
Sigmodus retzii intermedius Neumann, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7,
p. 90 — Mwanza, Lake Victoria.
Area south of Lake Victoria in Tanganyika Territory.
Prionops retzii nigricans (Neumann)
Sigmodus retzii nigricans Neumann, 1899, Orn. Monatsb., 7, p. 90
— Malange, north of Quanza, Angola.
From the north end of Lake Tanganyika across the southern
Belgian Congo to northern Northern Rhodesia and Angola, inter-
grading with tricolor and retziv.
Prionops retzii retzii Wahlberg
Prionops retzii Wahlberg, 1856, Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 13,
p. 174 — ad flumen Doughe, 7.e. Okavango River.
Northeastern Transvaal, southwestern Southern Rhodesia, north-
ern Bechuanaland and South West Africa.
PRIONOPS GABELA
Prionops gabela Rand
Prionops gabela Rand, 1957, Fieldiana: Zool. (Chicago), 39, p. 43
— Gabela, 15 km. south, Angola.
Known only from the type locality.
314 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
PRIONOPS SCOPIFRONS
Prionops scopifrons keniensis (van Someren)
Sigmodus scopifrons keniensis van Someren, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 43, p. 80 — Meru, N. E. Mt. Kenia.
Country north and east of Mt. Kenya to the Karoli Mts. and the
upper Juba River.
Prionops scopifrons kirki (Sclater)
Sigmodus scopifrons kirki Sclater, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 44,
p. 92 — Lamu.
Coastal Kenya from Lamu south to northeastern Tanganyika
Territory, intergrading southward with the next race.
Prionops scopifrons scopifrons (Peters)
Sigmodus scopifrons Peters, 1854, Journ. f. Orn., 2, p. 422 —
Mozambique.
Southeastern Tanganyika Territory, Portuguese East Africa, and
extreme eastern Southern Rhodesia (Melsetter).
SuBFAMILY MALACONOTINAE
GENuS LANIOTURDUS WatTERHOUSE
Lanioturdus Waterhouse, 1838, in Alexander, Exped. Int. Afr.,
2, App., p. 264. Type, by monotypy, Lanioturdus torquatus
Waterhouse.
cf. Roberts, 1948, Birds S. Afr., p. 309.
LANIOTURDUS TORQUATUS
Lanioturdus torquatus Waterhouse
Lanioturdus torquatus Waterhouse, 1838, in Alexander, Exped.
Int. Afr., App., p. 264 — Bull’s Mouth Pass, Boschman Land
[inland from Walvis Bay].
Damaraland, north to southern Angola.
Genus NILAUS Swatnson
Nilaiis Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, (1828), p. 162. Type, by
original designation, Lanius capensis Shaw, 1811 [= Lanius
brubru Latham, 1801).
NILAUS AFER
Nilaus afer afer (Latham)
Lanius afer Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. 19 — Senegal.
Nilaus afer erythreae Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55, p. 361
— Ailet, Erythrea.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 315
From Senegal south to Ghana (Accra) and Nigeria (only a winter
visitor in the north) and east through the Lake Chad area to the
Sudan (north to Berber) and central Eritrea south to Northern
Abyssinia (south of Lake Tana), Uganda (north of Lake Victoria)
and Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal at Yambio).
Nilaus afer camerunensis Neumann
Nilaus afer camerunensis Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55,
p. 364 — Yaunde, south Cameroon.
From southern Cameroon (Tibati Plateau, Ngaundere and Yaunde
through the Ubangi-Shari and the northern Belgian Congo (Upper
Uele District) to the north end of Lake Albert.
Nilaus afer hilgerti Neumann
Nilaus afer hilgerti Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55, p. 362 —
Kassam River, eastern Abyssinia.
Central Abyssinia from Upper Awash (Hawash) River of Shoa to
Lake Zwai.
Nilaus afer minor Sharpe
Nilaus minor Sharpe, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 479 —
Milmil, Sibbe, The Haud, Okoto; type locality restricted to
Milmil by Neumann, 1907.
Nilaus afer erlangeri Hilgert, 1907, Orn. Monatsb., 15, p. 63 —
Mane River, southern Somaliland.
From southern Eritrea (southern Danakil area) south through
Somaliland, eastern Abyssinia (Harrar, Bale) and southern Abys-
sinia (west to Lake Rudolf); extreme southeastern Sudan (Nato-
poroputh Hills); northern and eastern Kenya (west to Turkwell and
Lake Baringo, Chandler’s Falls, and east of the highlands south to
Tsavo-Voi area).
Nilaus afer massaicus Neumann
Nilaus afer massaicus Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55, p. 363
— Donje Erok, Kenya.
Nilaus minor ruwenzorii Bannerman, 1923, Ibis, p. 698 — Mokia,
3,400 feet., S. E. Ruwenzori.
Southwestern Kenya (Donje Erok, Ngong Hills to Mara River),
central and western extreme northern Tanganyika (Kilimanjaro,
Mawanza), and west to the eastern edge of Ruanda, Ruwenzori,
Lake Edward, and southwestern Lake Albert.
Nilaus afer nigritemporalis Reichenow
Nilaus nigritemporalis Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 36,
218 — East Africa = Ngome in Unyamwezi, Tanganyika Terri-
tory (Shelley, 1912, Birds Afr., 5, p. 462).
316 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Nilaus afer brevialatus Grote, 1938, Orn. Monatsb., 46, p. 11 —
Magogoni on Ruvu [= Pangani River], Tanganyika Terr.
Nilaus nigrotemporalis occidentalis White, 1946, Ibis, p. 206 —
Balovale, Northern Rhodesia.
From central northern Tanganyika Territory (Unyamwezi and
Ugogo Districts) south through Mozambique except the extreme
south, and westward to Southern Rhodesia (northern Mashonaland),
extreme eastern northern Angola (Calunda) and southern Belgian
Congo (Katanga, Marungu, and the Kasai).
Nilaus afer brubru (Latham)
Lanius brubru Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn. Suppl., p. xx — interior
of Cape of Good Hope [= Orange River ex Levaillant]; restricted
to Goodhouse, Orange River, by Macdonald, 1957, Contr. Orn.
Western S. Afr., p. 116.
Northwestern Cape Province and Orange River north to Trans-
vaal, southern Mashonaland, northern Bechuanaland, and west to
South West Africa and southern Angola (Mossamedes; coastal Ben-
guela), where it intergrades with affinis.
Nilaus afer solivagus Clancey
Nilaus afer solivagus Clancey, 1958, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 78, p. 75
— Lubuli Police Camp, near Nsoko, southeastern Swaziland.
Locally in thornveld of high interior of Natal, in Zululand, Swazi-
land and extreme southern Mozambique (no specimens seen).
Nilaus afer affinis Bocage
Nilaus affinis Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys.
Nat. Lisboa, 6, p. 204, 213 — Caconda, Angola.
Central highlands of Angola, from Duque de Braganza and the
Kwango River south to central Benguela.
GENUS DRYOSCOPUS! Botrr
Dryoscopus Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, col. 973. Type, by mono-
typy, Lanius cubla Shaw.
Chaunonotus Gray, 1837, Mag. Nat. Hist., n.s., 1, p. 487 (sub-
gen.). Type, by monotypy, Thamnophilus sabini Gray.
1 Dryoscopus thamnophilus Cab. af Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list’”’ is an artifact;
see Stresemann, 1924, Orn. Monatsb., 32, p. 47. Dryoscopus atrialatus Cassin,
is also an artifact; see de Schauensee, 1957, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
109, p. 220.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 317
DRYOSCOPUS PRINGLII
Dryoscopus pringlii Jackson
Dryoscopus pringlit Jackson, 1893, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, p. 3 —
Mauungu Wilderness and between Tsavo and Kufumika, East-
ern Africa.
Southern Italian Somaliland south through northern Kenya and
Jubaland to N.Waso Nyiro and Teita Districts and to northeastern
Tanganyika Territory.
DRYOSCOPUS GAMBENSIS
Dryoscopus gambensis gambensis (Lichtenstein)
Lanius gambensis Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl., zool. Mus. Ber-
lin, p. 48 — Senegambia.
Dryoscopus gambensis sextus Grote, 1921, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern,
1, (5), p.39— Bosum, Neukamerun [= French Equatorial
Africa].
Senegal to northern and eastern Cameroon, French Congo, and
Gaboon.
Dryoscopus gambensis congicus Sharpe
Dryoscopus congicus Sharpe, 1901, Ibis, p. 89 — Condé, Portu-
guese Congo.
The Lower Congo River area from Boma and Portuguese Congo
e, Stanley Pool and Kwamouth area; also reported from Kwango
iver.
Dryoscopus gambensis malzacii (Heuglin)
Malaconotus malzacii Heuglin, 1871, Orn. Nord-Ost Afr., 1, p. 457
— “Lande der Schir-Neger” on Upper White Nile.
Dryoscopus malzacii nyansae Neumann, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47,
p. 412 — Kavirondo and Uganda.
Ubangi-Shari and the Northern Congo (Uele) to Sudan except
the extreme east, Uganda south to Lake Albert area and north end
of Lake Victoria, western Kenya (to Laikipia), and northern Kenya
intergrading with the next race in Marsabit and Moyale.
Dryoscopus gambensis erythreae Neumann
Dryoscopus malzacii erythreae Neumann, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47,
p. 412 — Salamona, Eritrea.
Extreme eastern Sudan (from Sennar to Boma Hills) eastward
over Abyssinia to Eritrea.
Dryoscopus gambensis erwini Sassi
Dryoscopus gambensis erwini Sassi, 1923, Orn. Monatsb., 31,
p. 109 — forest west of Lake Tanganyika, 2,000 meters.
318 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Eastern Belgian Congo from Lake Edward area to the highlands
northwest of Lake Tanganyika, intergrading with malzacii in south-
ern Uganda (Semliki area and Ankole) and northwestern Tanga-
nyika Territory.
DRYOSCOPUS CUBLA
Dryoscopus cubla affinis (Gray)
Hapalophus affinis Gray, 1837, Mag. Nat. Hist. (Paris), n.s., 1,
p. 489 — Zanzibar.
Coastal region of East Africa from Juba River to Dar-es-Salaam ;
also Zanzibar Island and Lamu Island.
Dryoscopus cubla nairobiensis Rand
Dryoscopus cubla nairobiensis Rand, 1958, Fieldiana: Zool. (Chi-
cago), 39, p. 89 — Nairobi, Kenya, 5,400 ft. alt.
Central Kenya (Mt. Kenya area, Nairobi area and Ukamba) to
Kilimanjaro and southward in central Tanganyika Territory to
Kilosa.
Dryoscopus cubla hamatus Hartlaub?
Dryoscopus hamatus Hartlaub, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 106 — Kaseh [= Tabora], Tanganyika Territory.
The south and east shores of Lake Victoria south to the Zambezi
in Portuguese East Africa, and west through the southern half of
Belgian Congo and most of Northern Rhodesia to northern and
central Angola.
Dryoscopus cubla chapini Clancey
Dryoscopus cubla chapini Clancey, 1954, Durban Mus. Novit., 4,
. 86 — Newington, eastern Transvaal Lowveld (25° 45’ S., 31°
35’ E.), South Africa.
Beira south to southern Portuguese East Africa and east to
Transvaal and eastern Southern Rhodesia.
Dryoscopus cubla okavangensis Roberts
Dryoscopus cubla okavangensis Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 31 — Maun, Ngamiland.
Northern Bechuanaland (and probably adjacent Rhodesia), south-
ernfAngola and South West Africa.
Dryoscopus cubla cubla (Shaw)
Lanius cubla Shaw, 1809, Gen. Zool., 7, pt. 2, p. 328 — Knysna,
ex Levaillant.
Natal to Cape Province.
1 D. occidentalis Neum. of Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-list” is a synonym.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 319
DRYOSCOPUS SENEGALENSIS
Dryoscopus senegalensis (Hartlaub)!
Sigelus senegalensis Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr. [Bremen],
p. 112 — “Senegal’’; probably = Gabon.
Dryoscopus senegalensis var. camerunensis Reichenow, 1903, Vog.
Afr., 2, p. 592 — Bipindi, Cameroon.
Dryoscopus senegalensis var. grisescens Reichenow, 1903, Vog.
Afr., 2, p. 592 —Victoria and Jaunde, Cameroon.
Southern Nigeria (Oyo Province) to the lower Congo River and
eastward across the Belgian Congo to the upper Uele, the Semliki
Valley and the Elila River near the north end of Lake Tanganyika,
and into Uganda in the Bwamba Valley.
DRYOSCOPUS ANGOLENSIS
Dryoscopus angolensis boydi Bannerman
Dryoscopus angolensis cameroonensis Bannerman, 1915, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 35, p. 105 — Cameroon Mountain.
Dryoscopus angolensis boydi Bannerman, 1938, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 59, p.6 — new name for D. a. cameroonensis Bannerman,
1915 (not D. senegalensis camerunensis Reichenow, 1903).
British and French Cameroon and probably French Congo
(Mbaika).
Dryoscopus angolensis angolensis Hartlaub
Dryoscopus angolensis Hartlaub, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 111 — Bembe, Loanda Province.
Lower Congo River and northern Angola south to the Amboim
district.
Dryoscopus angolensis nandensis Sharpe
Dryoscopus nandensis Sharpe, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, p. 28
— Nandi, 6,500 feet, western Kenya Colony.
Dryoscopus adolfi-friederici Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 17,
p. 160 — “Ronssoro” = Ruwenzori.
Eastern Belgian Congo (from upper Uele south to Manyema Dis-
trict); also in southern Sudan (Imatong Mts.), Uganga in the
Mpanga Forest, and in Kenya in the north Kavirondo-Elgon area.
Dryoscopus angolensis kungwensis Moreau
Dryoscopus angolensis kungwensis Moreau, 1941, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 61, p. 45 — Nganja, Kungwe Mt.
Kungwe-Mahare area on the east side of Lake Tanganyika.
1 Dryoscopus tricolor Cab. and Reich., 1877, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list”’ is
also a synonym.
320 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
DRYOSCOPUS SABINI
Dryoscopus sabini sabini (Gray)
Thamnophilus sabini Gray, 1831, Zool. Misc., 1, p. 7 — Sierra
Leone (see Gray, 1837, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1, n.s., p. 487)
Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria.
Dryoscopus sabini melanoleucus (J. and E. Verreaux)
Hapalophus melanoleucus J. and E.Verreaux, 1851, Rev. Mag.
Zool. (Paris), (2), 3, p. 312 — Gaboon.
Cameroon and Gaboon to Kwango River on the Angola-Congo
border and the Kasai and east to the Ituri Forest.
Genus TCHAGRA! LzEsson
Tchagra Lesson, 1831, Traite d’Orn., p. 373. Type, by virtual
tautonomy, “le Tchagra” Levaillant = Thamnophilus tchagra
Vieillot (see Sclater, in Shelley’s Birds Afr., 5, p. 361, 380).
Rhodophoneus Heuglin, 1871, Orn. Nord-Ost. Afr., 1, p. 462. Type,
by monotypy, Lanius cruentus Ehrenberg.
Antichromus Richmond, 1899, Auk, 16, p. 187, new name for
Bocagia Shelley, 1894 (not Bocageia Girard, 1893, for a genus
of mollusks). Type, by subsequent designation (Shelley, 1896,
Birds Afr., 1, p. 55), Telephonus minutus Hartlaub.
Tschagroides Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 248. Type,
by original designation, T'elephonus australis Smith.
Orthotchagra Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 15, p. 31. “A
new name for T'elophonus or Telephonus, a printing error for
Telophorus of earlier date, genotype Lanius senegalus Linn.”
TCHAGRA MINUTA
Tchagra minuta minuta (Hartlaub)
Telephonus minutus Hartlaub, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 292 — Ashantee.
Sierre Leone south to the Lower Congo and east through the
northern Congo to southern Sudan (Lake No) and southwestern
Abyssinia, and south in eastern Africa (except the coastal area)
through Kenya and Uganda to Morogoro and Kigoma in central
Tanganyika Territory and Ruanda and Manyema in eastern Belgian
Congo.
Tchagra minuta reichenowi (Neumann)
Telephonus reichenowi Neumann, 1900, Journ. f. Orn., 48, p. 120
— Pangani, Dar-es-Salam, Kissaki.
1 Pomatorhynchus of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list’’.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 321
Coastlands of East Africa, from Lamu in Kenya to northeastern
Tanganyika, intergrading with anchietae southward.
Tchagra minuta anchietae (Bocage)
Telephonus anchietae Barboza du Bocage, 1870, Jorn. Sci. Math.
Phys. Nat. Lisboa, 2, p. 344 — Pungo Andongo.
Southern Tanganyika Territory south to Gazaland and west
through the southern Belgian Congo and northern Northern Rho-
desia to Angola.
TCHAGRA SENEGALA
Tchagra senegala cucullata (Temminck)
Lanius cucullatus Temminck, 1840, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 4, p. 600
— “Andalusia” [but perhaps Morocco].
Telephonus senegalus meinertzhagent Payn, 1945, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 66, p. 15 — Ain Mokra, 40 kilometers west of Bone, north-
eastern Algeria.
Coastal region of Morocco from the Sous River north to Tangier,
then eastward through Algeria to Tunisia in the coastal region, south
to probably the Tellian Atlas.
Tchagra senegala remigialis (Hartlaub and Finsch)
Telephonus remigialis Hartlaub and Finsch, 1870, Vog. Ost. Afr.,
p. 340 — “Abyssinia,” probably Upper Blue Nile, according to
Sclater, in Shelley, 1912, Birds Afr., 5, p. 370.
Central Sudan east to the Red Sea Province, and south to about
latitude 10° N. west of the Nile.
Tchagra senegala percivali (Ogilvie-Grant)
Telephonus percivali Ogilvie-Grant, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10,
p. L = 50— Arabia; “‘type’” from Al Milah, north of Aden,
according to Sclater, 1912, in Shelley, Birds Afr., 5, p. 373.
Southern Arabia, from Asir Tihama through Yemen to the north
of the Aden Protectorate, usually between 4,000 and 7,000 feet.
Tchagra senegala notha (Reichenow)
Pomatorhynchus nothus Reichenow, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68, p. 399
— Lake Chad district = Lower Shari River, Grote, 1924, Journ.
fOr. 72, p. 508.
T'schagra senegala chadensis Bannerman, 1922, Rev. Zool. Afr., 9,
p. 355 — Yo, Lake Chad.
T' chagra senegala timbuktana Bates, 1932, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 53,
p. 74 — Timbuktu, French Sudan.
The Lake Chad area east to Damergu and in the Timbuktu area.
322 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Tchagra senegala senegala (Linnaeus)
Lanius senegalus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 137 —
Senegal!.
Senegal to northern Sierra Leone, Fouta Jallon, and the French
Sudan as far as the upper Niger River (Ké Massina, Bamoka, and
Mopti area).
Tchagra senegala pallida (Neumann)
Telophonus senegalus pallidus Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55,
p. 375 — Accra, Gold Coast.
From interior Ivory Coast (Béoumi) and the Upper Volta (Fadan-
Gurma, Falmé, Yelwa) north to about 12° N. and east through
the Gold Coast (Ghana) to Nigeria (except the extreme north), to
northern Cameroon, and the Ubangi River area.
Tchagra senegala camerunensis (Neumann)
Telophonus senegalus camerunensis Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn.,
55, p. 375 —Yaunde, Cameroon.
Cameroon (Yaunde, Ngaundere, Bafia), and east to the Bahr el
Ghazal, Uele, extreme southern Sudan (Torit) and northern Uganda,
intergrading south and east with armena.
Tchagra senegala habessinica? (Ehrenberg)
Lanii senegalii var. minor habessinica Ehrenberg, 1833, in Hem-
prich and Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys., sig. e — Abyssinia coast-
lands.
Telephonus senegalus erlangert Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55,
p. 373 — Abaya Lake.
Telephonus senegalus miillert Zedlitz, 1910, Journ. f. Orn., 58,
p. 798 — Middle Mareb River-Tacazze area, Eritrean-Abyssi-
nian border.
Tschagra senegala sudanensis Sclater and Mackworth-Praed, 1918,
Ibis, p. 638 — Mongalla.
Tschagra senegala warsangliensis Clarke, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 40, p. 50 — Mush Haled, Warsangli country, eastern So-
maliland.
Eastern Sudan (Upper Nile province except for Torit area), Abys-
sinia, Eritrea and British Somaliland.
Tchagra senegala armena (Oberholser)
Pomatorhynchus senegalus armenus Oberholser, 1906, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 30, p. 809 — Taveta, British East Africa.
1 Lanius erythropterus Shaw, 1809, is a synonym.
2 blanfordi Sharpe, 1882, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list”’ is also a synonym.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 345)
Southern Uganda (where it intergrades with camerunensis),
western and central Kenya (intergrading with the coastal orientalis)
southward through Tanganyika Territory to Northern Rhodesia,
and through the eastern and southern Belgian Congo to the Kasai
district.
Tchagra senegala orientalis (Cabanis)
Pomatorhynchus orientalis Cabanis, 1869, in von der Decken’s
Reisen Ost Afr., 3, p. 27 — Mombasa.
Telophonus senegalus catholeucus Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn.,
55, p. 377 — Karo Lola, 8. Somaliland.
Harpolestes senegalus mozambicus van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 103 — Lumbo, northern Mozambique.
Coastal areas of eastern Africa from southern Somaliland and
Juba River south to lower Zambesi Valley (intergrading inland with
armena).
Tchagra senegala confusa (van Someren)
Harpolestes senegalus confusus van Someren, 1922, Novit. Zool.,
29, p. 113 — Umfalosi, Zululand; new name for 7’. erythropterus
Neumann and authors, not Lanius erythropterus Shaw.
Gazaland and eastern Transvaal to Natal and Eastern Cape Pro-
vince.
Tchagra senegala kalahari (Roberts)
Orthotchagra senegala kalahari Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 31 — Mabeleapudi, Ngamiland.
Ngamiland and southern Rhodesia to South West Africa and
southern Angola, intergrading with rufofusca in central Angola.
Tchagra senegala rufofusca (Neumann)
Telophonus senegalus rufofuscus Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn.,
55, p. 376 — N’gungo in Nord-Bailundu, Angola.
Central Angola, north to the middle Congo River: Gamboma in
French Congo, Stanley Pool area, and Cabinda; intergrading with
armena in the Kasai.
TCHAGRA TCHAGRA
Tchagra tchagra tchagra (Vieillot)
Thamnophilus tchagra Vieillot, 1816, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 3,
p- 317 — “Senegal... to Cafferland’” = Gamtoos River, ex
Levaillant.
Southern Cape Province.
Tchagra tchagra natalensis (Reichenow)
Pomatorhynchus tschagra var. natalensis Reichenow, 1903, Vog.
Afr., 2, p. 544 — Natal = Durban, Umgeni.
324 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Eastern Cape Province through the littoral of Natal to Swaziland
and eastern ‘Transvaal.
TCHAGRA AUSTRALIS
Tchagra australis ussheri (Sharpe)
Laniarius ussheri Sharpe, 1882, in Layard’s Birds So. Afr., p. 397
—no locality given; “type” from Volta River, Gold Coast,
Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 124.
Sierra Leone to southwestern Nigeria (near Lagos).
Tchagra australis emini (Reichenow)
Telephonus australis emini Reichenow, 1893, Orn. Monatsb., 1,
p. 60 — Bukoba, west of Lake Victoria.
Pomatorhynchus australis frater Reichenow, 1902, Journ. f. Orn.,
50, p. 258 — Lower Guinea from Cameroon to Loango; “‘type”’
from Bangwa, Cameroon according to Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av.
Aethiop., p. 626.
Pomatorhynchus australis var. kiwuensis Reichenow, 1910, Wiss.
Ergeb. Deutsche Centr. Afr. Exped., 1907-8, 3, Zool. 1, p. 310
(in text) — Kissenji, Lake Kivu.
Calabar Province of southern Nigeria to the lower Congo River
(Ngombe) and east through the northern Belgian Congo, southern
Bahr el Ghazal and Uele districts to extreme southern Sudan,
Uganda (north and west shore of Lake Victoria), extreme north-
western Tanganyika Territory (west shore Lake Victoria), Ruanda,
the east side of Lake Kivu, and the Manyema.
Tchagra australis minor (Reichenow)
Telephonus minor Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 64 —
Kagehi, Mwanza District, Tanganyika Territory.
Telophonus australis dohertyi Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55,
p. 370 — Escarpment, Kikuyu.
From central Kenya (Elgeyo, Laikipia and Mt. Kenya area) and
western Kilimanjaro area south and west to Tabora and Mwanza
districts of northwestern Tanganyika Territory.
Tchagra australis littoralis (van Someren)
Harpalestes australis littoralis van Someren, 1921, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 41, p. 102 — Changamwe, Kenya.
Tschagroides congener tongensis Roberts, 1931, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 14, p. 240 — Manaba, north Zululand.
From coastal Kenya (Sokoke) south to Natal (northeastern Zulu-
land) and inland to Amani and Kilosa in Tanganyika Terr., the
lower Zambesi (Tete) and adjacent Southern Rhodesia (Sabi River).
FAMILY LANIIDAE 325
Tchagra australis congener (Reichenow)
Pomatorhynchus australis congener Reichenow, 1902, Journ. f.
Orn., 50, p. 258 — Niassa area; “type” from Neu-Helgoland,
Songea District, Tanganyika Territory, according to Sclater,
1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 626.
Central southern Tanganyika Territory (Iringa, Songea area) to
Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia (but not the Ndola area, nor
the extreme south).
Tchagra australis australis (Smith)
Melaconotus australis A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Afr.,
p. 44 — north of Kurrichaine.
T schagroides australis rhodesiensis Roberts, 1932, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 15, p. 31 — Kabulabula, Chobe River.
Transvaal, Southern Rhodesia, and eastern Bechuanaland (Gabe-
rones in the south to Chobe River in the north).
Tchagra australis damarensis (Reichenow)
Pomatorhynchus australis damarensis Reichenow, 1915, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 23, p. 120 —Windhuk, S.W. Africa.
From central Bechuanaland (Lake Ngami area to Kuke) west to
South West Africa.
Tchagra australis ansorgei (Neumann)
Harpolestes australis ansorgei Neumann, 1909, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
23, p. 53 — Pungo Andongo, northern Angola.
Western Angola (from Luanda to Mossamedes).
Tchagra australis souzae (Bocage)
Telephonus souzae Barboza du Bocage, 1892, Jorn. Sci. Nat. Math.
Phys. Lisboa (2): 2, p. 263 — Quindumbo [= Chindumbo],
Angola.
Central Angola (Bailundo) north, perhaps to the lower Congo,
and east through the southern Belgian Congo to the upper Katanga,
and extreme northern Northern Rhodesia (Ndola).
TCHAGRA JAMESI
Tchagra jamesi jamesi (Shelley)
Telephonus jamesi Shelley, 1885, Ibis, p. 403, pl. 10, fig. 2 —
Somaliland; ‘‘type” from Goolis Mts., Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av.
Aethiop., p. 630.
Telophonus jamesi kismayensis Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn.,
55, p. 369 — Kismayu, Lower Juba River.
22
326 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
British Somaliland and eastern Abyssinia south to Tsavo-Voi area
of Kenya (but not the Kenya coastal area about Manda-Lamu
Island), inland to northern Guaso Nyiro and across Turkwell in
northern Kenya to northeastern Uganda (Karamoja); extreme
southeastern Sudan (Natoporoputh Hills) and southern Abyssinia
(Lake Rudolph-Lake Abaya area).
Tchagra jamesi mandana (Neumann)
Telephonus jamesi mandanus Neumann, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 21,
p. 183 — Manda Island.
Manda and Lamu Islands and the immediately adjacent coast of
Kenya.
TCHAGRA CRUENTA
Tchagra cruenta cruenta (Ehrenberg)
Lanius cruentus Ehrenberg, 1828, in Hemprich and Ehrenberg,
Symb. Phys. sig. ¢ (1833), pl. 3 (1828) — Arkiko near Massawa.
Rhodophoneus cruentus kordofanicus Sclater and Mackworth-
Praed, 1918, Ibis, p. 633 — Ogayeh Wells, western Kordofan.
Extreme southeastern Egypt (Gebel Elba) south to southern
Eritrea and north-central Abyssinia (Shoa) and west across the
Sudan to Kordofan.
Tchagra cruenta hilgerti (Neumann)
Pelicinius cruentus hilgerti Neumann, 1903, Orn. Monatsb., 11,
p. 182 — Sheikh Hussein, Somaliland.
French and British Somaliland and southern Abyssinia (west to
southern Shoa and Arussi—Gallaland) south through Jubaland and
northern Kenya (west nearly to Lake Rudolf) intergrading (or
hybridizing) with the next form in the N.Waso Nyiro and also the
Tsavo area of eastern Kenya.
Tchagra cruenta cathemagmena (Reichenow)
Laniarius cathemagmenus Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35,
p. 63 — Loeru.
Tsavo area of Kenya and the southeastern shores of Lake Vic-
toria southward to Kilosa area in eastern Tanganyika Territory.
GENUS LANIARIUS VIEILLoT
Laniarius Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p.41. Type, by monotypy,
‘‘Gonolek”’ Buffon = Lanius barbarus Linnaeus!.
Diplophoneus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 245.
Type, by monotypy, Lanius ferrugineus Gmelin.
cf. Hall, 1954, Ibis, p. 343-355 (L. ferrugineus).
1 Pelicinius Boie, 1826, type L. barbarus Gm., often misused in the past,
is a synonym.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 327
LANIARIUS RUFICEPS
Laniarius ruficeps ruficeps (Shelley)
Dryoscopus ruficeps Shelley, 1885, Ibis, p. 402, pl. 10 — Somali-
land; type from Burao, 70 miles south of Berbera (Shelley, 1912,
Birds Afr., 5, p. 299).
British Somaliland.
Laniarius ruficeps rufinuchalis (Sharpe)
Dryoscopus rufinuchalis Sharpe, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 479 — Dabulli and Tooloo Duroo [in about lat. 7°-8° N. and
long. 41° E., Abyssinia]; “‘type’ from “Duru” (Shelley, 1912,
Birds Afr., 5, p. 300).
Laniarius ruficeps cooki van Someren, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
40, p. 23 — Tsavo.
Southern Abyssinia (from the Haud to near Lake Stefanie) and
south through Jubaland (except the coastal area) to southeastern
Kenya (S. Ukambani and Tsavo area).
Laniarius ruficeps kismayensis (Erlanger)
Dryoscopus ruficeps kismayensis Erlanger, 1901, Orn. Monatsb.,
9, p. 182 — Kismayu, mouth of Juba River.
Coastal Jubaland.
LANIARIUS LUHDERI
Laniarius liihderi liihderi Reichenow!
Lamiarius liihderi Reichenow, 1874, Journ. f. Orn., 22, p. 101 —
Cameroon Delta.
From Mt. Cameroon area south to the lower Congo and eastward
across the northern Congo to the Uele district, extreme southern
Sudan and then south to Mt. Ruwenzori area (where it intergrades
with the next race) and the eastern and west sides of Lake Tanga-
nyika.
Laniarius liihderi castaneiceps Sharpe
Laniarius castaneiceps Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 445,598 — Mt. Elgon.
Southern Uganda to Mt. Eigon and Nandi area of Kenya.
Laniarius liihderi brauni Bannerman
Laniarius liihderi brauni Bannerman, 1939, Ibis, p. 748, pl. 16 —
Quicolungo, Angola [about 9° 50’S. lat.; 15° 20’ E. long.].
‘ts Camabatela — Quicolungo — Quibaxi area of northwestern An-
gola.
1 L. dubiosus of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list” is a synonym.
22*
328 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Laniarius liihderi amboimensis Moltoni
Laniarius liihderi amboimensis Moltoni, 1932, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci.
Nat. Milano, 71, p. 175 — Amboim.
The Amboim area of western Angola.
LANIARIUS FERRUGINEUS
Laniarius ferrugineus turatii (Verreaux)
Dryoscopus turatii Verreaux, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris), (3) 1,
p. 304, pl. 7 — “Senegal” in error = Portuguese Guinea (see
Bannerman, 1939, Birds Trop. W. Afr., 5, p. 396).
Portuguese Guinea to Sierra Leone (except the eastern provinces).
Laniarius ferrugineus major (Hartlaub)
Telephonus major Hartlaub, 1848, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris), 11,
p- 108 — Elmina, Gold Coast.
Eastern Provinces of Sierra Leone to Nigeria and Cameroon, to
southern Sudan (except eastern border), northern Belgian Congo
(Bahr-el-Ghazal, Uele), Uganda, and the Rift Valley, in Kenya
Colony and south along the eastern border of the Belgian Congo
and through interior Tanganyika to extreme northern Nyasaland
(intergrading southward with mossambicus); Northern Rhodesia
(except the extreme south and southeast) intergrading extensively
across the southern Belgian Congo with the Angola race guttatus.
Laniarius ferrugineus aethiopicus (Gmelin)
Turdus aethiopicus Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, p. 824 —
Abyssinia.
Extreme eastern Sudan, Eritrea, Abyssinia and British Somali-
land, south to Lake Rudolf intergrading in northern Kenya with
ambiguus.
Laniarius ferrugineus ambiguus Madarasz
Laniarius ambiguus Madarasz, 1904, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici,
Budapest, 2, p. 205 — Kiboscho and Moschi [Kilimanjaro].
Laniarius ferrugineus chyulu van Someren, 1939, Journ. East Afr.
Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., 14, p. 107 — Chyulu Range, 5,000—
7,200 feet, Kenya.
Kenya colony from Marsabit, Kikuyu escarpment and east of the
Rift Valley to Ukamba, Chyulu Hills and to Mt. Kilimanjaro area
in extreme north central Tanganyika Territory.
Laniarius ferrugineus erlangeri Reichenow
Laniarius erlangeri Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3, p. 834 —
Umfudu [Juba River], South Somaliland.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 329
Laniarius aethiopicus somaliensis Reichenow, 1905, Vog. Afr., 3,
p. 884 — Ganale [Lower Juba River], South Somaliland.
Jubaland.
Laniarius ferrugineus sublacteus (Cassin)!
Dryoscopus sublacteus Cassin, 1851, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 5, p. 246 — East Africa? (Grant and M.-Praed re-
stricted the type locality arbitrarily to Mombasa in 1944, and
again to Lamu in 1948.)
Coastal East Africa from Lamu to Dar-es-Salaam; also Zanzibar
Island; inland to lowlands near Kilimanjaro, and Kilosa.
Laniarius ferrugineus guttatus (Hartlaub)
Dryoscopus guttatus Hartlaub, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 86 — Benguella Province, Angola.
Lower Congo River (Boma to Bolobo) south through Angola,
intergrading with sticturus in the south, and extensively with major
in southern Belgian Congo.
Laniarius ferrugineus bicolor (Verreaux)?
Dryoscopus bicolor Verreaux, 1857, in Hartlaub, Syst. Orn. West-
afr., [Bremen], p. 112 — Gaboon.
Gaboon, intergrading with guttatus about the mouth of the Congo
River.
Laniarius ferrugineus sticturus Finsch and Hartlaub
Laniarius sticturus Hartlaub and Finsch, 1879, Vog. Ost Afr.,
p. 342 — Lake Ngami.
Southern Angola to northern Bechuanaland (Ngamiland, Chobe
River), and western Northern Rhodesia (Barotseland).
Laniarius ferrugineus mossambicus (Fischer and Reichenow)?
Dryoscopus major mossambicus Fischer and Reichenow, 1880,
Journ. f. Orn., 28, p. 141 — Mozambique.
Extreme southern Northern Rhodesia (west to Sesheke, north to
Lusaka), southern Nyasaland (intergrading with major northward),
extreme northeastern Bechuanaland (Kabulabula), east to southern
Tanganyika Territory (intergrading with swblacteus in Dar-es-Salaam
area), Beira and Mashonaland.
Laniarius ferrugineus limpopoensis Roberts
Laniarius ferrugineus limpopoensis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus., 8, p. 246 — Lilliput, Njellele River, Mapogone, Ma-
L. nigerrimus Reichenow, 1879, of Sharpe’s ‘““Hand-list”’ is a synonym.
L. picatus Hartlaub, 1867, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list”’ is a synonym.
L. hybridus Neumann, 1899, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list”” is a synonym.
1
2
3
330 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
lala Drift (Zoutpansberg District) and Manetsi River, S. E. Rho-
desia, all... in the low country north of Zoutpansberg. Re-
stricted type locality Lilliput, Sand River, Zoutspansberg Dis-
trict, see Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 619.
Northern Transvaal and southeastern Southern Rhodesia in the
low country of the Limpopo River Valley.
Laniarius ferrugineus transvaalensis Roberts
Laniarius ferrugineus transvaalensis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus., 8, p.246— Swaziland, Barberton, Lydenburg,
Zoutpansberg highveld, Waterberg, and Rustenberg Districts.
Restricted type locality Louwe Creek, near Barberton; see
Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 619.
Southern and eastern Transvaal.
Laniarius ferrugineus tongensis Roberts
Laniarius ferrugineus tongensis Roberts, 1931, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 14, p. 240 — Monaba, North Zululand.
Zululand and the southern Portuguese East African littoral
(north to Coguno).
Laniarius ferrugineus natalensis Roberts
Laniarius ferrugineus natalensis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 8, p. 246 — Weenen and Dargle District in Natal uplands.
Restricted type locality Weenen, Natal, see Sclater, 1930, Syst.
Av. Aethiop., p. 619.
Inland Natal.
Laniarius ferrugineus pondoensis Roberts
Laniarius ferrugineus pondoensis Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 8, p. 246 — Port St. John’s, Pondoland.
Eastern Cape Province to coastal Natal.
Laniarius ferrugineus ferrugineus (Gmelin)!
Lanius ferrugineus Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, p. 306 —
Cape of Good Hope.
Southern Cape Province.
LANIARIUS BARBARUS
Laniarius barbarus helenae Kelsall
Laniarius helenae Kelsall, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 31, p. 85 —
a small mangrove-covered island just off Bonthe, Sherbro
Island, Sierra Leone.
Coastal Sierra Leone (a mutant of the next race?).
1 L. rufiventris Swainson of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list” is a synonym.
FAMILY LANITIDAE 331
Laniarius barbarus barbarus (Linnaeus)
Lanius barbarus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 137 —
Senegal.
Laniarius barbarus bornuensis Grote, 1921, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern,
no. 5, p. 40 — Kukaua (= Kuka), Bornu (Chad area).
Senegal to Nigeria (Lagos, Bornu) and extreme northern Came-
roon (Marua and Mora).
Laniarius barbarus erythrogaster (Cretzschmar)
Lanius erythrogaster Cretzschmar, 1829, in Riippell, Atlas, (1826),
p. 43, pl. 29 — Kordofan, Sennaar.
Laniarius erythrogaster chrysostictus Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 18, p.95— Dodo and Tschamba, Adamawa, N. Ca-
meroon.
Central northern Cameroon (Upper Benoue, Tibati) and Chari
River eastward north of the Belgian Congo across the Sudan to
Eritrea, eastern and southern Abyssinia; then south through western
Kenya to Kavirondo; Uganda to northwestern Tanganyika Terri-
tory (Mwanza); and extreme eastern Belgian Congo from west of
Lake Albert to Urundi; also in the Lualaba River area of south-
eastern Congo.
LANIARIUS MUFUMBIRI
Laniarius mufumbiri Ogilvie-Grant
Laniarius mufumbiri Ogilvie-Grant, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL,
29, p. 30 — “Mufumbiro Volcanoes”; “‘type”’ from near Vi-
chumbi, Lake Edward (Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 616).
Uganda from Elgon, Lake Kioga and northern Lake Victoria to
Toro, Ankole and Kigezi, and the adjacent shores of Lake Edward
and Ruanda-Urundi (Bweramura) in Belgian Congo.
LANIARIUS ATROCOCCINEUS
Laniarius atrococcineus (Burchell)!
Lanius atrococcineus Burchell, 1822, Travels, 1, p. 387 (note) —
Spuigslang Fontein [near junction of Vaal and Orange Rivers].
From Orange and Vaal Rivers of South Africa north to western
Transvaal, southern Southern Rhodesia, Bechuanaland (Chobe
River), Northern Rhodesia (Barotseland) and southern Angola
(Huila area).
LANIARIUS ATROFLAVUS
Laniarius atroflavus Shelley
Laniarius atroflavus Shelley, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p.124,
pl. 18 — Cameroon Mountain (7,300 ft).
1 L. atrocroceus of Sharpe’s ‘“Hand-list” is a synonym.
332 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Laniarius atroflavus craterum Bates, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
46, p. 88 — Oku, west of Kumbo, Cameroon.
Eastern Nigeria (Obudu Plateau), Cameroon Mountain and the
highlands of British Cameroon (Bamenda, Oku, Banso Mts. and
Manenguba Mountain) and adjacent French Cameroon (Babadjou).
LANIARIUS FULLEBORNI
Laniarius fiilleborni poensis (Alexander)
Dryoscopus poensis Alexander, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, p. 37
— Mount St. Ysabel, Fernando Po.
Fernando Po, Eastern Nigeria (Obudu Plateau), and the moun-
tains of British Cameroon (Mt. Cameroon, Ekona, Manenguba, Ndu,
Rumpi Hills and Kupé Mountain).
Laniarius fiilleborni holomelas (Jackson)
Dryoscopus holomelas Jackson, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 16,
p. 90 — Ruwenzori.
Mountain forests of eastern Belgian Congo border from west of
Lake Albert (Kilo) and Ruwenzori south to Urundi and to Mt. Ka-
bobo north of Albertville; also in Uganda on the slopes of Ruwen-
zori.
Laniarius fiilleborni usambaricus Rand
Laniarius fulleborni usambaricus Rand, 1957, Fieldiana: Zool.
(Chicago), 39, p. 49 — Magamba, Usambara, 5,200 ft., Tan-
ganyika Terr.
Usambara Mountains.
Laniarius fiilleborni ulugurensis Rand
Laniarius fulleborni ulugurensis Rand, 1957, Fieldiana: Zool. (Chi-
cago), 39, p. 49 — Bunduki, 5,000 ft, Uluguru Mts., Tanga-
nyika Terr.
Uluguru Mts., and probably also Nguru.
Laniarius fiilleborni fiilleborni (Reichenow)
Dryoscopus fiilleborni Reichenow, 1900, Orn. Monatsb., 8, p. 39 —
Usafua, north of Lake Nyasa.
Laniarius murinus Reichenow, 1901, Orn. Monatsb., 9, p. 101 —
Muhanga.
Laniarius nyasae Boulton, 1931, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 21, no. 1,
p. 55 — 20 miles east of Mzimba, 6,200 ft, Nyasaland.
Southwestern Tanganyika Territory (mountains of Iringa area;
the north end of Lake Nyasa); the northern third of Nyasaland
and adjacent extreme eastern Northern Rhodesia (Lundazi area).
FAMILY LANIIDAE a0
LANIARIUS FUNEBRIS
Laniarius funebris funebris (Hartlaub)
Dryoscopus funebris Hartlaub, 1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 105, Meninga [Unyamwesi area of Tanganyika Terr.].
Dryoscopus alboplagatus Jackson, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16,
p. 90 — Doinyo Narok.
Laniarius funebris rothschildi Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55,
p. 595 — Sagan River, southern Abyssinia.
Laniarius bergeri Reichenow, 1911, Orn. Monatsb., 19, p. 34 —
Lake Baringo [Kenya].
Laniarius funebris atrocoeruleus Hilgert, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18,
p. 606 — Abyssinia to northern Somaliland.
British Somaliland, northeastern Abyssinia and southern Sudan
(Torit) south through Uganda, Ruanda in Belgian Congo, interior
Tanganyika to Lake Rukwa, and Kenya to N.Waso Nyiro area;
intergrading extensively with the next race.
Laniarius funebris degener Hilgert
Laniarius funebris degener Hilgert, 1912, Novit. Zool., 18, p. 606
— Darassum, Gurra Land.
Southeastern Abyssinia and southern Somaliland, south along
coastal Kenya and northeastern Tanganyika Territory inland at
least to southern Ukamba in Kenya and the plains east of Kili-
manjaro but intergrading extensively with the nominate race.
LANIARIUS LEUCORHYNCHUS
Laniarius leucorhynchus (Hartlaub)
Telephonus leucorhynchus Hartlaub, 1848, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris),
11, p. 108 — Elmina, Gold Coast.
Sierra Leone to Cameroon and the lower Congo and east to the
Uele district, extreme southeastern Sudan, the forests of Uganda
and western Kenya (north Kavirondo), and south to Kivu, San-
kuru, upper Kasai and Kwango in the Belgian Congo.
Genus TELOPHORUS Swartnson!
Telophorus Swainson, 1831, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna
Bor.-Amer., pt. 2, p. 481. Type, by monotypy, T'elophorus col-
laris Swainson = T'urdus zeylonus Linnaeus.
Chlorophoneus Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 70. Type, by sub-
sequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds,
p- 61), Lanius rubiginosus Sund. (= 7. olivaceus).
1 Includes Pelicinius as used in Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list’’, but properly Pelt-
cinius Boie, 1826. Type L. barbarus, is a synonym of Laniarius.
334 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Calophoneus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus.,8, p. 247. Type,
by original designation, Lanius [= Laniarius| quadricolor
Cassin.
Dryophoneus Bannerman, 1938, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 59, p. 6.
Type, by original designation, Laniarius bocagei Reich.
cf. Chapin, 1947, Auk, 64, p. 53-64 (color variation).
Moreau and Southern, 1958, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 130,
p. 301-328 (polymorphism).
TELOPHORUS BOCAGEI
Telophorus bocagei bocagei (Reichenow)
Laniarius bocagei Reichenow, 1894, Orn. Monatsb., 2, p. 125 —
Jaunde, Cameroon.
Dryoscopus bocagei ansorgei Sclater, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 29,
p- 37 — N’Dalla Tando, Angola.
Central Cameroon to northern Angola.
Telophorus bocagei jacksoni (Sharpe)!
Dryoscopus jacksoni Sharpe, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 11, p. 57 —
Mt. Elgon = Nandi (Jackson and Sclater, 1938, Birds Kenya,
etc., 3, p. 1223).
Central Belgian Congo (Uele to Kasai) east to Uganda and Western
Kenya (Nandi).
TELOPHORUS SULFUREOPECTUS
Telophorus sulfureopectus sulfureopectus (Lesson)?
Lanius (Tchagra) sulfureopectus Lesson, 1831, Traité d’Orn., p.373
—no locality given; designated type locality Senegal, Neu-
mann, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47, p. 395.
From Senegal to Gaboon and east through the northern Belgian
Congo (Uele, and Lake Albert and Lake Edward area, intergrading
eastward with the next form).
Telophorus sulfureopectus similis? (Smith)
Melaconotus [sic] similis A. Smith, 1836, Rep. Exped. Centr. Afr.,
p. 44 — north of Kurrichane, 7.e. Rustenburg District, Trans-
vaal (Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 632).
Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus fricki Friedmann, 1930, Occ. Papers
Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 252 — Sadi Malka, Ethiopia.
1 Chlorophoneus andaryae Jackson, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 94—
Kisubi, Entebbe, Uganda, 4,000 ft., is based either on an aberrant immature
bocaget or a hybrid bocagei x sulfureopectus (see Chapin, 1947, Auk, p. 10).
2 C. chrysogaster (Swainson) of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list” is a synonym.
3 modestus Bocage of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list” is a synonym.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 335
Southern Sudan, southern Abyssinia (Shoa and Arussi-Gallaland)
and southern Italian Somaliland south through Kenya, Uganda
and parts of western Belgian Congo (Lake Kivu, eastern Ruanda
and Ruzizi Valley areas) to eastern Cape Province west through
southern Belgian Congo, Northern Rhodesia, and Bechuanaland
to Angola.
TELOPHORUS OLIVACEUS
Telophorus olivaceus makawa (Benson)
Chlorophoneus rubiginosus makawa Benson, 1945, Ostrich, 16,
p-. 134 — Chirobwe Mt., Ncheu Distr., Nyasaland, 6,000 ft
above sea level.
Central and southern Nyasaland west of the Shire Valley and
eastern Southern Rhodesia, south to Gazaland, and Mashonaland.
Telophorus olivaceus bertrandi (Shelley)
Laniarius bertrandi Shelley, 1894, Ibis, p. 15, pl. 2, fig. 2 — Mi-
lanja Hills, Nyasaland.
Southern Nyasaland, east of the Shire Valley.
Telophorus olivaceus olivaceus (Shaw)!
Lanius olivaceus Shaw, 1809, Gen. Zool., 7, pt. 2, p. 330 — Algoa
Bay, South Africa; ex Levaillant, Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av.
Aethiop., p. 634.
Chlorophoneus olivaceus taylori Roberts, 1914, Ann. Transvaal
Mus., 4, p. 178 — Indhlovudwalile, Amsterdam district, eastern
Transvaal.
Eastern Transvaal, and southern Portuguese East Africa, south
to eastern Cape Province.
TELOPHORUS NIGRIFRONS
Telophorus nigrifrons nigrifrons (Reichenow)
Laniarius nigrifrons Reichenow, 1896, Orn. Monatsb., 4, p. 95 —
Marangu, Kilimanjaro.
Chlorophoneus miinzneri Reichenow, 1915, Orn. Monatsb., 23,
p- 91—Sanyi, Mahenge, Tanganyika Terr. (buff-breasted
phase).
Chlorophoneus elgeyuensis van Someren, 1919, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
40, p. 23 — Marekwet, Elgeyu, 8,000-10,000 feet (red-breasted
phase).
Chlorophoneus nigrescens Sclater, 1931, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 51,
p. 110 — near Amani, Usambara District, Tanganyika Terri-
tory (black-breasted phase).
1 rubiginosus Sundevall, 1850 and maraisi Sclater, 1901, of Sharpe’s
‘““Hand-list”’ are also synonyms.
336 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Central Kenya (Marakwet and Mt. Kenya), Tanganyika Territory
and northern Nyasaland (Nyika Plateau).
Telophorus nigrifrons manningi (Shelley)
Malaconotus manningi Shelley, 1899, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 35
— Nyasaland; type from Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, Shelley,
1912, Birds Afr., 5, p. 425.
Southeastern Belgian Congo (Katanga-Upemba), northern North-
ern Rhodesia, and east to the Tanganyika border area.
Telophorus nigrifrons sandgroundi (Bangs)
Chlorophoneus abbotti sandgroundi Bangs, 1931, Proc. New Engl.
Zool. Cl., 12, p. 70 — Mt. Silinda, Southern Rhodesia.
Portuguese East Africa, southern Nyasaland (east of the Rift
Valley), eastern Southern Rhodesia and northeastern Transvaal.
TELOPHORUS MULTICOLOR
Telophorus multicolor multicolor (Gray)!
Laniarius multicolor Gray, 1845, Gen. Birds, 1, (1849), p. 229,
pl. 72 — no locality; type locality restricted to Accra, Banner-
mann, 1939, Birds Trop. W. Afr., 5, p. 428.
Sierra Leone to Mt. Cameroon area (Victoria).
Telophorus multicolor batesi (Sharpe)
Chlorophoneus batesi Sharpe, 1908, Ibis, p. 330 — River Ja, Ca-
meroon.
Chlorophoneus melamprosopus ituriensis Schouteden, 1914, Rev.
Zool. Bot. Afr., 3, p. 267 — Kilo, Ituri, Belgian Congo (golden-
breasted phase).
Chlorophoneus multicolor théliei Schouteden, 1914, Rev. Zool. Bot.
Afr., 3, p. 268 — Kilo, Ituri, Belgian Congo (red-breasted
phase).
Southern Cameroon and Gaboon; the northern Belgian Congo
(Ituri) and western Uganda (Toro); also northern Angola (Ndala
Tando area).
Telophorus multicolor graueri (Hartert)
Laniarius grauert Hartert, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23, p. 9 —
“Forest west of Lake Albert Edward.”
1 The following old names are also synonyms:
nigrithorax Sharpe, 1871 (Accra; black-breasted phase)
melanothorax Sharpe, 1881 (emendation of above)
melamprosopus Reichenow, 1878 (Liberia; orange-breasted phase)
zosterops Biittikofer, 1889 (Liberia; immature orange-breasted phase)
preussi Neumann, 1899 (Victoria, Cameroon; red-breasted)
liberianus Neumann, 1899 (Liberia; red breasted phase)-
reichenowi Neumann, 1899 (Victoria, Cameroon; orange-breasted phase).
FAMILY LANIIDAE Jol
Laniarius rubiginosus rudolfi Hartert, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
23, p. 10 — “Forest 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward.”
(Buff-breasted phase).
Chlorophoneus nigrifrons conceptus Hartert, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 43, p. 79 — ‘‘Forest; about 2,000 m. high; west of Lake
Tanganyika.” (Golden-breasted phase.)
Highlands along the west side of the Albertine Rift from west of
Lake Edward south to the highlands northwest of Lake Tanganyika,
mainly at elevations of 5,000 to 7,000 feet.
TELOPHORUS KUPEENSIS
Telophorus kupeensis (Serle)
Chlorophoneus kupeensis Serle, 1951, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 71, p. 41
— Kupé Mountain, lat. 4°45’ N., long. 9°40’ E., Kumba
Division, British Cameroons.
Kupe Mountain, British Cameroon.
TELOPHORUS ZEYLONUS
Telophorus zeylonus zeylonus (Linnaeus)!
Turdus zeylonus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 297 —
Ceylon and Cape of Good Hope [= Cape of Good Hope].
Cape Province to Transvaal and Gazaland.
Telophorus zeylonus phanus (Hartert)
Pelicinius zeylonus phanus Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27, p. 451
— Farta Bay, 5 hours south of Benguella Town, Angola.
Great Namaqualand, Damaraland, and Ovamboland north to
southern Angola.
TELOPHORUS VIRIDIS
Telophorus viridis (Vieillot)?
Laniarius viridis Vieillot, 1817, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 13, p. 300 — Malimbe, Congo area (7. e. Loango Coast, Por-
tuguese Congo).
Telophorus viridis vieirae White, 1946, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 67,
p- 23— Kamano River, Cavungu, Alto Zambesi Division,
Eastern Angola.
Portuguese Congo to central Angola and east across northwestern
Northern Rhodesia and the southern Belgian Congo to Lualaba and
Kivu Districts.
1 Pelicinius gutturalis Miller of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list” is a synonym.
2 Ixzonotus landanae Oustalet, 1884, of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list”’ is a synonym.
338 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
TELOPHORUS QUADRICOLOR
Telophorus quadricolor nigricauda (Clarke)
Laniarius quadricolor nigricauda Clarke, 1913, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
31, p. 32 — Takaungu, British East Africa.
Chlorophoneus quadricolor intercedens Reichenow, 1915, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 23, p. 120 — Useguha, German East Africa.
Coastal East Africa from Tana River and Mombasa area south
to Rovuma River; and inland to Taita and Uluguru Mts.
Telophorus quadricolor quadricolor (Cassin)
Laniarius quadricolor Cassin, 1851, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 5 (1852), p. 245 — Port Natal (7. e. Durban)
Southern Nyasaland and Portuguese East Africa south to eastern
Transvaal and Natal.
TELOPHORUS DOHERTYI
Telophorus dohertyi (Rothschild)
Laniarius dohertyi Rothschild, 1901, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,11, p. 52
— Nandi Escarpment (error) = Kikuyu, mountains above
Escarpment station [7.e. Kikuyu Escarpment], Kenya (Har-
tert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 623).
Highlands above 5,000 feet in western Kenya (Nyeri, Aberdare
Mts., Mau Plateau and Elgon); western Uganda and eastern Bel-
gian Congo (from Butembo in the Kivu south to Mt. Kabobo).
Genus MALACONOTUS Swatnson
Malaconotus Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1 (1825), p. 40. Type,
by original designation, 7.[... ?] olivaceus “‘Vieillot’”” Swainson
= La Pie-Grieche blanchot, Le Vaill. (see Swainson, 1827, Zool.
Journ., 3, (1828), p. 163) = Malaconotus blanchoti Stephens.
cf. Grote, 1936, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, 2, p. 373-374.
Clancey, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 77, p. 99-102 (M. blanchott).
MALACONOTUS CRUENTUS
Malaconotus cruentus cruentus (Lesson)!
Vanga cruenta Lesson, 1830, Cent. Zool., p. 198, pl. 65 — Cape of
Good Hope, or rather Cape Coast, West Africa = Cape Coast,
on Gold Coast, Neumann, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47, p. 389.
Malaconotus melinoides Reichenow, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55
p. 470 — Bangwa, N. Cameroon (= British Cameroon).
Sierra Leone to Cameroon Mountain area where it intergrades
with the next race.
1 poliochlamys of Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-list’” is a synonym.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 339
Malaconotus cruentus gabonensis Shelley
Malaconotus gabonensis Shelley, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, p. 43
(new name for Laniarius hypopyrrhus Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds
Brit. Mus., 8, p.155 (not Hartlaub, 1844))— Gaboon and
Cameroon.
French Cameroon and Gaboon east to the great bend of the
Ubangi River.
Malaconotus cruentus adolfi-friederici Reichenow
Malaconotus adolfi-friederict Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb., 16,
p- 191 — Beni.
Eastern Belgian Congo (Kivu area, Semliki, Angumu and sup-
posedly Buta in Uele District), and Bwamba region of Uganda.
MALACONOTUS LAGDENI
Malaconotus lagdeni lagdeni (Sharpe)
Laniarius lagdeni Sharpe, 1884, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 54,
pl. 5 — Ashantee, West Africa.
Gold Coast. Known only from the type.
Malaconotus lagdeni centralis Neumann
Malaconotus lagdeni centralis Neumann, 1920, Journ. f. Orn., 68,
p. 80 — forest country west of Lake Tanganyika.
Highlands of eastern Belgian Congo, from Ruwenzori south
through Kivu to the mountains northwest of Baraka.
MALACONOTUS GLADIATOR
Malaconotus gladiator (Reichenow)
Laniarius gladiator Reichenow, 1892, Journ. f. Orn., 40, p. 441 —
Buea, Mt. Cameroon, 1,000—-1,500 meters.
Known from four specimens from Mt. Cameroon and nearby
Rumpi Hills.
MALACONOTUS BLANCHOTI
Malaconotus blanchoti blanchoti Stephens!
Malaconotus blanchoti Stephens, 1826, Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 2, p. 161
— Senegal [ex Levaillant].
Malaconotus olivaceus pallidirostris Reichenow, 1915, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 23, p. 91 — Portuguese Guinea.
Senegal to northern Nigeria and northern Cameroon.
1 M. poliocephalus (Lichtenstein) 1823 (preoccupied) of authors.
340 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Malaconotus blanchoti catharoxanthus Neumann
Malaconotus catharoxanthus Neumann, 1899, Journ. f. Orn., 47,
p. 391 — Bongo, Bahr el Ghazal.
Northern Belgian Congo (Uele and Kibali-Ituri districts) to Eri-
trea, northern Abyssinia, Uganda, and western Kenya (northern
Kavirondo) intergrading with the next race.
Malaconotus blanchoti approximans (Cabanis)
Archolestes approximans Cabanis, 1869, in von der Decken, Reisen
Ost Afr., 3, pt. 1, p. 27 (in text) — Dalaon River [in Usambara].
Malaconotus poliocephalus schoanus Neumann, 1903, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 11, p. 89 — Ambukarra, southern Shoa.
Central and southern Abyssinia and southern Somaliland south
through Kenya Colony to northern Tanganyika Territory inter-
grading with the next race.
Malaconotus blanchoti hypopyrrhus Hartlaub!
Malaconotus hypopyrrhus Hartlaub, 1844, Verz. Brem. Samml.,
p- 61 — Africa (type locality restricted to Durban, Sclater,
1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 636).
Ruanda (Belgian Congo) and central Tanganyika south through
Nyasaland and eastern Northern Rhodesia to northern and eastern
Transvaal and Natal (Coastal and midland districts).
Malaconotus blanchoti extremus Clancey
Malaconotus blanchoti extremus Clancey, 1957, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
77, p. 101 — Committees Drift, on the Great Fish River, Albany
district, eastern Cape Province.
Eastern Cape Province from about Albany and King William’s
Town district to Pondoland.
Malaconotus blanchoti interpositus Hartert
Malaconotus interpositus Hartert, 1911, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 29,
p. 36 — northwest of Lake Tanganyika = 40 miles west of
Baraka, Lake Tanganyika (Hartert, 1920, Novit. Zool., 27,
p. 452).
Southeastern Belgian Congo, from Ruzizi Plain and Manyema
to Upper Katanga and western Northern Rhodesia.
Malaconotus blanchoti monteiri (Sharpe)
Laniarius monteiri Sharpe, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 148,
pl. 13, fig. 1 — Angola; type from Donde River, Loando, An-
gola (Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 157).
Angola and southeastern Belgian Congo (Kasai) intergrading
eastward with the preceeding race.
1 M. starki of Sharpe’s “Hand-list” is a synonym.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 341
Malaconotus blanchoti perspicillatus (Reichenow)
Laniarius perspicillatus Reichenow, 1894, Journ. f. Orn., 42,
p. 36; further description, 1896, Journ. f. Orn., 44, p. 27 —
Buea, Mt. Cameroon.
Known only from the type. Stresemann thinks this is a color
phase of gladiator, and perspicillatus thus a synonym of gladiator.
MALACONOTUS ALIUS
Malaconotus alius Friedmann
Malaconotus alius Friedmann, 1927, Proc. New Engl. Zodl. CL,
10, p. 5 — Bagilo, Uluguru Mts., Tanganyika Territory.
Uluguru Mts. Tanganyika Territory.
SuspFramity LANIINAE!
Genus CORVINELLA Lesson
Corvinella Lesson, 1831, Traité d’Orn., p. 372. Type, by mono-
typy, Lanius corvinus Shaw.
Urolestes Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 75. Type, by mono-
typy, Lanius melanoleucus Shaw [= Jardine].
CORVINELLA CORVINA
Corvinella corvina corvina (Shaw)
Lanius corvinus Shaw, 1809, Gen. Zool., 7, p.337—no type
locality (= Senegal, Lesson, 1831).
Senegal east to the French Niger (Tillabéry).
Corvinella corvina affinis Hartlaub
Corvinella affinis Hartlaub, 1857, Syst. Orn. Westafr. [Bremen],
p. 104 — Nubia: type locality restricted to White Nile south
of latitude 7°, southern Sudan, by Grant and Mackworth-Praed
(1942, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 63, p. 22).
Corvinella corvina togoensis Neumann, 1900, Journ. f. Orn., 48,
p- 263 — Kete Krachi, Togoland.
Portuguese Guinea and northern Sierra Leone to Nigeria, eastern
and northern Cameroon, the Ubangi-Shari and the southern half
of the Sudan, except the range of C.c. caliginosa.
1 The following genera placed in the Laniinae in Sharpe’s ‘“Hand-list’’
have been transferred to other families as follows:
Gymnorhina, Cracticus, Strepera to Cracticidae
Laniellus (= Crocias) to Timaliinae
Nicator and Neolestes to Pycnonotidae
The subfamily Pachycephalinae of Sharpe has been transferred to Musci-
capidae.
23
342 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Corvinella corvina chapini Friedmann and Bowen
Corvinella corvina chapini Friedmann and Bowen, 1933, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 46, p. 121 — Kibigori, Kavirondo.
Northeastern Belgian Congo (upper Uele) to northern Uganda
and Kavirondo district of Kenya.
Corvinella corvina caliginosa Friedmann and Bowen
Corvinella corvina caliginosa Friedmann and Bowen, 1933, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 46, p. 122 — Rangu in Yambio District,
southern Bahr-el-Ghazal.
Southern Bahr-el-Ghazal of southwestern Sudan.
CORVINELLA MELANOLEUCA
Corvinella melanoleuca aequatorialis (Reichenow)
Urolestes aequatorialis Reichenow, 1887, Journ. f. Orn., 35, p. 65
— Gasa Mts. [Irangi District, Tanganyika Territory].
Southern Kenya Colony (east of Lake Victoria to Mt. Kiliman-
jaro area) and south through Tanganyika Territory to extreme
northern Portuguese East Africa (Lujenda River).
Corvinella melanoleuca melanoleuca (Jardine)
Lanius melanoleucus Jardine, 1831, Edinburgh Journ. Nat. Geogr.
Sci., 3, p. 209 — Orange River.
Urolestes melanoleucus damarensis Neumann, 1900, Journ. f. Orn.,
48, p. 262 — South West Africa: Rehoboth in Damaraland and
Udschi in Kalahari Desert.
Urolestes melanoleucus angolensis Meise, 1958, Abh. Verh. Natur-
wiss. Vereins Hamburg, (n.s.) 2 (1957), p. 77 — Chibia, near
Rio Huila, southern Angola.
Southern Africa from southern Nyasaland (occasional), to Zulu-
land and Transvaal, and west to Damaraland and southern Angola.
Genus LANIUS Liynagvs!
Lanius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 93. Type, by
subsequent designation, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus (Swainson,
1824, Zool. Journ., 1 (1825), p. 294).
Caudolanius Bianchi, 1907, Aves Exped. Kozlowi per Mongol et
Tibetium Or., p. 204. Type, by original designation, Lanius
erythronotus.
Lanioides Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 243. Type,
by original designation, Laniws minor Gm.
1 The following genera of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list’’ are included in Lanius:
Phoneus, Fiscus, Enneoctonus, Cephalophoneus, and Otomela.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 343
Neolanius Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 243. Type, by
original designation, Lanius excubitorius Prévost and Des Murs.
Neofiscus Roberts, 1922, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, p. 244. Type,
by original designation, Lanius caudatus Cabanis.
cf. Miller, A. H., 1931, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 38, p. 11-242
(American forms).
Hellmayr, 1935, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 8,
p- 211-217 (American forms).
Olivier, 1944, Monographie des pies-griéches du genre Lanius,
p. 1-326, Lecerf, Rouen.
Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1752, p. 1-19 (palaearctic
forms).
LANIUS TIGRINUS
Lanius tigrinus Drapiez
Lanius tigrinus Drapiez, 1828, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 13,
p. 523 — Java.
Eastern Asia in Ussuriland and Manchuria southward to northern
China (to the middle and lower Yangtze Valley) and also north-
eastern Hondo in Japan. Migrates through Korea, Manchuria,
eastern Japanese Islands (Kyushu, Tanegashima, Yakushima),
China, Thailand, and Indo-China to winter in the southern Malay
Peninsula (occasionally north to southern Tenasserim), Greater
Sunda Islands and Bali; straggles to Philippines and Celebes.
LANIUS SOUZAE
Lanius souzae souzae Bocage
Lanius souzae Barboza du Bocage, 1878, Jorn. Sci. math. phys.
Nat. Lisboa, 6, p. 213 — Caconda, Angola.
French Congo (Djambala) and Lower Congo (Leopoldville,
Kwango) south to central Angola (Benguella highlands) and east
through Northern Rhodesia and southern Belgian Congo (Kasai)
to intergrade with burigi.
Lanius souzae burigi Chapin
Lanius souzae burigi Chapin, 1950, Auk, 67, p. 241 — between
Usuvi, northwestern Tanganyika Territory and the Kisaka
district of eastern Ruanda.
Southeastern Belgian Congo (Katanga, Tanganyika, Ruanda) and
adjacent Northern Rhodesia east to western Tanganyika Territory
(Lake Burigi, upper Kagera Valley, Uvinza, Matengo highlands),
Nyasaland, and adjacent Portuguese East Africa (Furancungo).
LANIUS BUCEPHALUS
Lanius bucephalus bucephalus Temminck and Schlegel
Lanius bucephalus Temminck and Schlegel, 1847, in Siebold’s
Fauna Jap., Aves (1850), p. 39, pl. 14 — Japan.
23*
344 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Eastern Asia and adjacent islands: southern Ussuriland (just
above Lake Khanka) southward through central Manchuria and
Korea and east to the Chinese provinces of Hopeh and Shantung;
also Sakhalin Island, Kunashiri in the southern Kuriles and the
main group of islands and Seven Islands of Izu of Japan. Winters
from central Korea southward and westward to the Yangtze Valley
in China (rarely farther south to Fukien and Kwangtung), Japan,
except in the north, south to the Ryu Kyu Islands, and has straggled
to Formosa.
Lanius bucephalus sicarius Bangs and Peters
Lanius bucephalus sicarius Bangs and Peters, 1928, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 68, p. 358 — mountains in Tao Valley near Choni,
9,000 feet, southwestern Kansu.
Known only from a single specimen.
LANIUS CRISTATUS
Lanius cristatus cristatus Linnaeus
Lanius cristatus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 93 —
Bengal.
Siberia from middle Irtysh and Tomsk, and Russian Altai, north
to Turukhansk, and east in the north to Olenek River, the lower
Lena, the delta of the Kolyma, Anadyrland and Kamchatka; and
in the south to central Altai, ?Gobian Altai, northern Mongolia;
to southwestern Transbaicalia and the southern foothills of Stanovoi
Range; migrates through Mongolia, Manchuria and China to winter
in southeastern China, northern Thailand, and India (west to the
Punjab and south to Ceylon). Records for Indochina, Malay Penin-
sula, Sumatra and Borneo may refer to confusus.
Lanius cristatus confusus Stegmann
Lanius cristatus confusus Stegmann, 1929, Journ. f. Orn., 77,
p. 248 — Kumara, upper course of the Amur.
Amur basin (north to Zeya River), Ussuri basin, and northern
and central Manchuria; migrates southwestward to winter in central
and southern Thailand and the lower Malay Peninsula. Perhaps
records of cristatus from more southern and eastern areas may
belong here.
Lanius cristatus superciliosus Latham
Lanius superciliosus Latham, 1801, Ind. Orn., Suppl., p. 20 —Java.
Sakhalin and Hokkaido Islands south to south central Hondo,
Japan; migrates through Japan and eastern China to winter from
southwestern China (southern Kwangtung (probably), southern
Kwangsi, southern Yunnan and Hainan), Indochina, the southern
third of the Malay Peninsula and the Greater and Lesser Sunda
Islands to Flores and Sumba.
FAMILY LANITIDAE 345
Lanius cristatus lucionensis Linnaeus
Lanius lucionensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 135
— Luzon, Philippines.
Korea and China south in the east to the Yangtze Valley (Shang-
hai and Hankow) and northern Kwangtung and west to southern
Shensi (Tsinling Range), the Red Basin (Chengtu area) of Szechwan,
and southeastern Sikang; migrates through southeastern Man-
churia, China (occasionally wintering in the southeast), and For-
mosa to winter chiefly in the Philippines and northern Borneo;
occasionally to Andamans and Nicobars, Sumatra, Celebes, and the
Moluccas.
LANIUS COLLURIO
Red-backed Shrike
Lanius collurio juxtus Clancey
Lanius collurio juxtus Clancey, 1951, Bonner Zool. Beitr., 2, p. 83
— Martlesham, Woodbridge, East Suffolk, England.
Central and southern England and Wales; irregular in Scotland
and Ireland. Winter quarters probably as with L. c. collurio.
Lanius collurio collurio Linnaeus!
Lanius collurio Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 94 — Eu-
rope, restricted to Sweden, Hartert, 1910, V6g. pal. Fauna, 1,
p- 439.
Lanius collurio jourdaini Parrot, 1910, Orn. Monatsb., 18, p. 154
— Ajaccio, Corsica.
Lanius collurio fasciatus v. Burg, 1915, Verz. Schweiz. Vog.,
p. 89 — Switzerland?.
Europe from about latitude 60° N. in Norway, 63° N. in Sweden
and Finland, 64° in western Russia and 58° N. in the Urals, south-
ward (but not in England (jwatus), nor the Crimea (kobylini), and
apparently lacking in western Brittany), to the Pyrenees, north-
western Spain, northern Portugal, Corsica and Sardinia, Italy and
1 Hybridizes freely with phoenicuroides where they meet. Such hybrids
have been named as L. raddei, L. darwini, L. salina, and L. bogdanowi of
Sharpe’s ““Hand-list”’; and also the following:
Lanius (E.) loudoni Buturlin, 1908, Mitt. Kaukas Mus., 3, p. 78—north Tur-
kestan (Tishkan, Semirechia).
Lanius collurio velizhanini Buturlin, 1909, Nasha Ochota, p. 64 —‘“‘Semi-
palatinsk.”’
Lanius Zarudnyi Buturlin, 1908, Nasha Ochota, October, p. 9-new name
for Otomela varia Zarudny, 1896, not Lanius varius Gmelin, 1788. (Ori-
ginal not seen, quoted from Hartert, supra, 1921—22, p. 2132; but Zool.
Record for 1908 gives 90, p. 32).
Lanius phoenicuroides pseudocollurio Sushkin, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
16, p. 60—western Altai and western Tarbagatai.
2 Original not seen; quoted from Hartert, supra, 1921-22, p. 2131.
346 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Sicily, southeastern Europe and Balkan Peninsula, and Asia Minor;
also eastward across the Urals to extreme western Siberia, south
to the Northern Kirghiz Steppes; migrates through the eastern
Mediterranean eastward to Iraq and Arabia; winters in tropical
and southern Africa south to the Orange River and eastern Cape
Province; rare in West Africa north of Angola.
Lanius collurio pallidifrons Johansen.
Lanius collurio pallidifrons Johansen, 1952, Journ. f. Orn. (1944),
92, p. 199 — Tomsk, Western Siberia.
Western Siberia, east of the range of L.c. collurio, from about
64° N. latitude and the mouth of the Yelogui River south to central
Russian Altai, hybridizing with phoenicuroides in the Zaisan Nor
region to the south and in the Tarbagatai; migrants reported from
Bukhara in Transcaspia.
Lanius collurio kobylini (Buturlin)
Enneoctonus collurio L. var. fuscatus Zarudny, 1903 (not Lesson,
1831), Vogel Ost Persiens, Kais. Russ. Geogr. Gesellsch., 36,
no. 2, p. 368 — Tschach-i-Siru, Chadschi-dutschagi, Birdschau
area, east Persial!.
Enneoctonus collurio kobylini Buturlin, 1906, Ibis, p. 416 — Kutais
and Ssuram, Transcaucasia.
Lanius collurio taurica (Moléanov), 1917, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad.
Sci., Petrograd, 21 (1916), p. 54 — Crimea.
Crimea and Caucasus eastward through Transcaucasia to [ran
(Gurgan, Luristan and Bakhtiari); migrants reported from Greece,
Arabia and Somaliland; winters in eastern Africa (Kenya to central
Tanganyika).
Lanius collurio phoenicuroides (Schalow)
Otomela phoenicuroides Schalow, 1875, Journ. f. Orn., 23, p. 148
— Tschimkent (Chimkent), Russian Turkestan.
Southern Kirghiz Steppes”, Zaisan Nor region?, and Tarbagatai?,
and Aral Sea area south through Russian Turkestan east to the
Bogdo Ola Range in southern Dzungaria and Tian Shan in Chinese
Turkestan, and through Transcaspia, Ferghana, Tadzhikistan and
Pamirs to northern Afghanistan, hills of Baluchistan proper and
eastern and southern Iran; in migration from Iraq and Arabia to
northwestern India and Sind; winters in southwestern Arabia
(a few) and in northeastern Africa (Somaliland and Sudan west to
Lake Chad region, and south to northeastern Belgian Congo, Kivu,
Uganda and Kenya).
1 Original n.v., quoted from Orn. Monatsb., 13 (1905), p. 135.
2 Hybridizing in these regions with collurio and pallidifrons; see under
collurio.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 347
Lanius collurio speculigerus Taczanowski
Lanius speculigerus Taczanowski, 1874, Journ. f. Orn., 22, p. 322
— Alt-Tsuruchaitui = Zurukhaitujevsk on the Argun, Eastern
Transbaicalia (Vaurie).
Northern Dzungaria north to the Chuya Steppe in southeastern
Russian Altai, through Outer Mongolia north to southern Trans-
baicalia (Argun River) and northwestern Manchuria; winter quarters
unknow; probably as with L. ¢. isabellinus.
Lanius collurio isabellinus Ehrenberg
Lanius isabellinus Ehrenberg, 1833, in Hemprich and Ehren-
berg’s Symb. Phys. Aves, (1828), fol.e — Gumfuda (Kun-
funda), Arabia.
Chinese Turkestan (in the Tarim Basin along the southern foot-
hills of the Tian Shan and from Kashgaria eastward along the Kun
Lun and Astin Tagh to Lop Nor and the oases of the Kum Tag
Desert); migrates through Russian Turkestan and Transcaspia;
winters in the southern part of the Iranian region from the plains
of southern Iraq in the west to those of northwestern India and
Sind in the east; also Arabia and Abyssinia and the eastern Sudan
in Africa (Uganda and Kenya and Lake Chad records may be of
L. c. phoenicuroides).
Lanius collurio tsaidamensis Stegmann
Lanius collurio tsaidamensis Stegmann, 1930, Orn. Monatsb., 38,
p- 115, new name for Otomela isabellina var. major Bogdanov,
1881, Zapiski Imp. Akad. Nauk, 39, suppl. 1, p. 28 — Tarim
Basin, Chinese Turkestan; preoccupied by Lanius major Gme-
lin, 1788.
Western China in northern Tsinghai in the regions of the Zaidam
and Koko Nor. Migrates westward through the Tarim Basin and
probably Russian Turkestan; wintering grounds unknown but
probably as in L. c. isabellinus.
LANIUS COLLURIOIDES
Lanius collurioides collurioides Lesson!
Lanius collurioides Lesson, 1834, in Bélanger, Voy. Ind.-Orient.,
Zool., p. 250 — Pegou (Pegu).
Lanius hypoleucus siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1916, Orn. Monatsb.,
24, p. 28 — Koh-Lak, Siamese Malacca [= Prachuap Khiri
Khan, Peninsular Thailand].
Lanius collurioides griseicapillus Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 47, p. 13 — Xieng-Khouang, Laos.
1 L. hypoleucus of Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-list’? is a synonym.
348 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Extreme eastern India (hills of Assam south of the Brahmaputra)
through Burma to central Tenasserim, Thailand and Indochina
from Tonkin to Cambodia but replaced by the next race in southern
Annam and Cochinchina.
Lanius collurioides nigricapillus Delacour
Lanius colluroides nigricapillus Delacour, 1926, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 47, p.70, new name for L.c. melanocephalus Delacour,
1926, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 47, p. 13— Dalat and Phantiet,
south Annam (not L. melanocephalus Gmelin 1788).
Lanius collurioides delacouri Collin and Hartert, 1927, Novit.
Zool., 34, p. 52, new name for L.c. melanocephalus Delacour,
1926.
Indochina, in southern Annam and Cochin China.
LANIUS GUBERNATOR
Lanius gubernator Hartlaub
Lanius gubernator Hartlaub, 1882, Orn. Centralb., 7, p. 91 —
Central Africa = Langomeri, Nile Province of Uganda (Shelley,
1912, Birds Afr., 5, p. 286).
Lanius gubernator striimpelli Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb.,
18, p. 8 — Adamawa.
Lanius tessmanni Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn., 69, p. 47 —
Ngaundere Highlands, Cameroon.
Lanius schariensis Reichenow, 1921, Journ. f. Orn., 69, p. 264 —
Upper Shari River.
Northern Tropical Africa from the Northern Territories of the
Gold Coast (Ghana) to Lake Chad and extreme southern Sudan
(Yei to Kajo Kaji), and south to Nigeria (Benin Province), nor-
thern Cameroon (Tibati Plateau), Ubangi Shari, northeastern Belgian
Congo (Upper Uele to Lake Edward) and northern Uganda (south
to Gulu and West Nile districts).
LANIUS VITTATUS
Lanius vittatus nargianus Vaurie
Lanius vittatus nargianus Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit. no.
1752, p. 10 — Champ, southern Persian Baluchistan.
Persian Baluchistan (probably also Baluchistan proper) and Af-
ghanistan where intergradation occurs with the next form. Trans-
caspia records probably belong here.
Lanius vittatus vittatus Valenciennes
Lanius vittatus Valenciennes, 1826, Dict. Sci. Nat., 40, p. 227 —
Pondichéry.
FAMILY LANITDAE 349
India in the foothills of the Himalayas (up to about 6,000 feet)
east to Nepal, south to Travancore and southeast to southwestern
Bengal.
LANIUS SCHACH
Lanius schach stresemanni Mertens
Lanius schach stresemanni Mertens, 1923, Senckenbergiana, 5,
p. 228 — Kulungtufu, 1,000 meters altitude, Saruwaged Mts.,
New Guinea.
Eastern part of New Guinea: hinterland of Huon Gulf and Huon
Peninsula from the Snake River (Dawong) to the Koruba River
(Macclay coast); southern slopes of the mountains of southeastern
2
New Guinea (Upper Auga and Vanapa Rivers).
Lanius schach bentet Horsfield
Lanius bentet Horsfield, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13,
p. 144 — Java.
Lanius schach tosariensis Kuroda, 1930, Tori, 6, p. 76 — Tosari,
6,000 ft, East Java.
Lanius schach sumatrae Neumann, 1937, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 57,
p. 153 — Gunong Dempu, 1,800 meters altitude, S.W. Sumatra.
Sunda Islands from Timor to Bali, Java and Sumatra (but not
Borneo), and the Malay peninsula.
Lanius schach suluensis (Mearns)
Cephalophoneus suluensis Mearns, 1905, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 18, p. 86 — Bual, Sulu Island.
Sulu Archipelago (Sulu or Jolo Isl.).
Lanius schach nasutus Scopoli!
Lanius nasutus Scopoli, 1786, Del Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2,
p. 85 — “in Nova Guinea” = Panay, Philippine Islands.
Philippine Islands from Mindanao to Luzon, Mindoro, and Cala-
mianes; also North Borneo.
Lanius schach schach Linnaeus?
Lanius schach Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 94 —
China, Canton area (ex Ostbeck).
Lanius schach hainanus Birckhead, 1937, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 966, p. 12 — Hainan Isl.
1 Lanius schalowi ‘“‘Sharpe” “‘teste H. Gadow” Schalow, 1882, is also a
synonym.
2 Lanius fuscatus of Sharpe’s ‘“‘Hand-list’’ based on blackish mutants, and
L. s. formosae Swinhoe are considered synonyms. It seems impractical to
group the several slightly differing populations of L. s. schach into subspecies.
350 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Lanius schach lingulacus Hachisuka, 1939, Supp. Pub. Orn. Soc.
Japan, no. 15, p. 119 — Shanghai.
China, from southern Shensi, the valley of the Yangtze and
Shanghai to southern China, Formosa, Hainan, and Indochina
(Tonkin and Annam where intermediates with tricolor are recorded).
Lanius schach longicaudatus Ogilvie-Grant
Lanius nigriceps subsp. longicaudatus Ogilvie-Grant, 1902, Novit.
Zool., 9, p. 480 — Siam; restricted to Bankok by Stuart Baker,
1924, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 2, p. 394.
Lanius nigriceps schomburgki Kinnear, 1940, Ibis, p. 729; new
name for longicaudatus Og.-Grant, 1902, not Lanius longicau-
datus Gadow, 1883, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 8, p. 262 (a nomen
nudum cited in synonymy).
Great plain of central Thailand (north to Sawankhalok area)
south to Tenasserim.
Lanius schach tricolor Hodgson
Lanius tricolor Hodgson, 1837, India Review, 1, p. 446 — Nepal.
Restricted to Kathmandu by Biswas, 1950, Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., 49, p. 451.
Lanius nigriceps yunnanensis Yamashina, 1944, Bull. Biogeogr.
Soc. Japan, 14, no. 2, p. 4 —Yunnan.
Northwestern Indo China (Haut Laos and plateau of Tranninh)
in winter; northern Thailand (more common in winter), Yunnan,
Burma, Assam, and the lower Himalayas westward to Nepal (where
hybridization with erythronotus starts) and extreme southwestern
Kumaon and Gharwal; in winter moves as far southward as Cal-
cutta.
Lanius schach nigriceps (Franklin)
Collurio nigriceps Franklin, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-
1831, p. 117 — no locality. Type locality designated as Vind-
hyian Hills, whence birds match the original description, by
Whistler and Kinnear, 1932-33, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.,
36, p. 334.
Eastern India between the Ganges (Etawah—Mirzapore area) and
the Godavari River (Nagpur—Visakhaputnam area).
Lanius schach caniceps Blyth
Lanius caniceps Blyth, 1846, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 15, p. 302
— India = Madras (Kinnear and Whistler, 1930, Journ. Bom-
bay Nat. Hist. Soc., 34, p. 396).
Lanius schach kathiawarensis Koelz, 1950, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1452, p.7—Jamwala, Junagadh, Kathiawar Peninsula,
India.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 351
Western and southern India (from Punjab, Bellary and Cuddapah
southward) and Ceylon; intergrading in the northwest with the
following (erythronotus).
Lanius schach erythronotus (Vigors)
Collurio erythronotus Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-
1831, p. 42 — Himalayas, restricted to Lucknow, United Pro-
vinces, by Baker, 1921, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27,
p. 692.
Lanius (Caudolanius) erythronotus jaxartensis Buturlin, 1911, Mess.
Ornith., p. 144 — Syr Darya.
Russian Turkestan (Kzyl-Orda, Ferghana) and Pamirs south to
northeastern Iran (Khorasan), northern Baluchistan, northwest
Frontier Province, Gilgit, Kashmir (and possibly Ladak and parts
of northern Punjab). Winters south in India to Bombay and Hy-
derabad.
Lanius schach lahulensis Koelz
Lanius tephronotus lahulensis Koelz, 1950, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 1452, p. 7 — Kolung, Lahul, Punjab, India.
Northern Kashmir east to Ladak (and probably western Tibet)
and south to northern Punjab (Lahul, Spiti, and Kulu). Winters
at lower altitudes.
Lanius schach tephronotus (Vigors)
Collurio tephronotus Vigors, 1831, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-
1831, p.43 — Himalayas, restricted to near Darjeeling by
Mayr, 1947, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 47, p. 126.
Lanius lama Dresser, 1905, Abstract Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
no. 13 (Jan. 24), p. 2— [Tibet] = Valley of Tsangpo, Tibet,
(see Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905 (June 1), p. 55.)
Himalayas above, 7,000 or 8,000 feet from Garhwal and Kumaon
to Assam and adjacent Tibet (Lhasa), and east to northern Yunnan
(Likiang Mts., 8,500-15,000 feet) and Szechwan (mountains in west
and northwest); north to Koko Nor region, Kansu, and Shensi
(Tsinling Range). Winters in the foothills of Himalayas, to the
plains of northern India (United Provinces to Assam) to Burma,
northern Thailand, Indo China, Yunnan and Szechwan.
LANIUS VALIDIROSTRIS
Lanius validirostris validirostris Ogilvie-Grant
Lanius validirostris Ogilvie-Grant, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3,
p. 49 — mountains of northern Luzon.
Mountains of Luzon.
352 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Lanius validirostris tertius Salomonsen
Lanius validirostris tertius Salomonsen, 1953, Vidensk. Medd.
Dansk naturhist. Foren., 115, p. 278 — Mt. Dulungan, 5,000
feet altitude, Mindoro.
Mountains of Mindoro.
Lanius validirostris hachisuka Ripley
Lanius validirostris hachisuka Ripley, 1949, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
69, p. 121 — Apo Lake [Mt. Apo], Mindanao.
Mount Apo, southeastern Mindanao.
Lanius validirostris quartus Rand and Rabor
Lanius validirostris quartus Rand and Rabor, 1958, Fieldiana:
Zool. (Chicago), 39, p. 85 — Duminagat, 5,300-5,500 ft., Mt.
Malindang, Zamboanga, Mindanao.
Mt. Malindang, western Mindanao. Known only from the type.
LANIUS MACKINNONI
Lanius mackinnoni Sharpe
Lanius mackinnoni Sharpe, 1891, Ibis, p. 444, 596, pl. 13 — Ki-
kuyu (= Bugemaia, Kavirondo, Kenya).
Lanius mackinnoni zenkerianus Grote, 1924, Orn. Monatsb. 32,
p. 69 —Yaunde, south Cameroon.
Northern Angola north to the vicinity of Mt. Cameroon, thence
eastward along the northern edge of the Congo forest to the Uele
district of the Congo, Uganda and western Kenya (Mt. Elgon and
north Kavirondo) and south through the extreme eastern Congo to
the highlands northwest of Lake Tanganyika, Ruanda and north-
western Tanganyika Territory (Bukoba). Schouteden (p. 63) maps
records apparently from Lualaba and Sankuru in southern Congo
but without details.
LANIUS MINOR
Lesser Grey Shrike
Lanius minor minor Gmelin!
Lanius minor Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 308 — Italy, Spain,
Russia; restricted to Italy (Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1,
p- 416).
Lanius yemenensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1914, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 33,
p. 19 — Sanaa, Yemen.
Central and southern Europe from Germany (except the north),
Belgium and France (east of a line from Lille to west of Paris to
the mouth of the Loire then south to the Gironde and the Mediter-
1 Lanius luebberti of Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-list” is also a synonym.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 353
ranean) and eastward through central Russia (north to Pskov, Smo-
lensk, Kaluga, Tambov and Penza), Italy (except the south), the
Adriatic and Balkan areas to the Southern Urals, Crimea, the Cau-
casus, and Asia Minor. Migrates chiefly through eastern Mediter-
ranean area, Nile Valley, Iraq and Arabia, to winter from tropical
to South Africa; rare in West Africa; occasional in Great Britain,
accidental in Sweden and Finland.
Lanius minor turanicus Fediuschin
Lanius minor turanicus Fediuschin, 1927, Journ. f. Orn., 75,
p- 493 — Ishak-Sai, Ferghana.
From the southern Urals (at about latitude 53° N.) eastward to
the region of Barnaul and the Russian Altai and south to Russian
Turkestan, northern Afghanistan, southern Transcaspia and Iran
(in the north from Khorasan west to Azerbaijan; in the south to
the Zagros east at least to Fars).
Migrates through Russian Turkestan, Transcaspia, and Iranian
region (from eastern Baluchistan west to Iraq) then probably
through Arabia and eastern Africa to winter in Africa with L. m.
minor from which adults are indistinguishable.
LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS
Loggerhead Shrike
Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ridgway
Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ridgway, 1887, Man. No. Amer.
Birds, p. 467 — California, especially coast district = Murphy’s,
elevation 2,400 feet, Calaveras County (Miller, 1931, Univ.
Calif. Publ. Zool., 38, p. 77).
Lanius ludovicianus nevadensis A. H. Miller, 1930, Condor, 32,
p. 156 — Lone Pine Creek, elevation 4,500 feet, Inyo County,
California.
Western North America; from interior southern British Colum-
bia, and eastern Washington south through the Great Basin to
California (San Diego County and Mohave Desert); east to south-
western Montana and northwestern New Mexico.
Winters southward through western Mexico south to Lower Cali-
fornia, Michoacan and Morelos.
Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Swainson
Lanius excubitorides Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richard-
son, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 2 (1831), p.115, pl. 34— Carlton
House.
The great plains region of North America from central Alberta,
Saskatchewan and casual in western Manitoba south through the
Great Plains and eastern Rocky Mountains to eastern New Mexico,
354 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
central southern Texas and northeastern Mexico (intergrading with
mexicanus in northern Coahuila and Tamaulipas).
Winters from northern Texas south to central and eastern Mexico
and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; also east to Louisiana.
Lanius ludovicianus migrans Palmer
Lanius ludovicianus migrans W. Palmer, 1898, Auk, 15, p. 248 —
Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Eastern North America, from southeastern Manitoba, southern
Ontario, southern Quebec, Maine and New Brunswick southward
between the eastern borders of the Great Plains and the Atlantic
to northeastern Texas, central Louisiana, northwestern Mississippi,
Tennessee, western North Carolina and northern Virginia.
Winters southward to South Carolina but chiefly in the Missis-
sippi Valley and Texas, and northeastern Mexico (Coahuila, Ta-
maulipas).
Lanius ludovicianus ludovicianus Linnaeus
Lanius ludovicianus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 134
— Louisiana.
Southeastern United States from southern Louisiana to northern
Georgia, central North Carolina, and central Virginia and south to
central Florida.
Lanius ludovicianus miamensis Bishop
Lanius ludovicianus miamensis Bishop, 1933, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 46, p. 203 — Cutler, Dade Co., Florida.
Southern Florida, north to Palm Beach County and Fort Myers.
Lanius ludovicianus mexicanus Brehm
Lanius mexicanus Brehm, 1854, Journ. f. Orn., 2, p. 145, 148 —
Mexico. Type probably from the highlands of Veracruz (Hell-
mayr, 1935, swpra).
Central Mexico from southern Tamaulipas, southern Coahuila and
Nayarit south to Oaxaca.
Lanius ludovicianus sonoriensis A. H. Miller
Lanius ludovicianus sonoriensis Miller, 1930, Condor, 32, p. 155 —
Whitetail Canyon, elevation 5,000 feet, Chiracahua Mountains,
Cochise County, Arizona.
Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, from
southwestern New Mexico, and western Texas, central Arizona,
extreme southern Nevada, southeastern California, and north-
eastern Baja California south to northern Durango and southern
Sinaloa.
FAMILY LANITDAE 355
Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli Oberholser
Lanius ludovicianus grinnell1 Oberholser, 1919, Wilson Bull., 31,
p. 87 —San Fernando, Lower California.
Northern Baja California (except the northeast) south to about
29° north latitude.
Lanius ludovicianus nelsoni Oberholser
Lanius ludovicianus nelsoni Oberholser, 1918, Condor, 20, p. 209
— Todos Santos, southern Lower California.
The southern half of Baja California.
Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi Mearns
Lanius ludovicianus anthonyt Mearns, 1898, Auk, 15, p. 261 —
Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara Group, California.
Santa Barbara Island group (Islands of Santa Cruz, Anacapa,
Santa Rosa, and Santa Catalina), California.
Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi Ridgway
Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 16, p. 108 — San Clemente Island, California.
San Clemente Island, California.
LANIUS EXCUBITOR
Northern Shrike
Lanius excubitor borealis Vieillot.
Lanius borealis Vieillot, 1808, Ois. Amer. Sept., 1 (1807), p. 80,
pl. 50 — North America: restricted to New York by A.0.U.,
1931, ‘“‘Check-list.”’
Breeds in central and northern Quebec and northern Ontario;
winters southward to eastern Kansas, southern Indiana and north-
western Virginia.
Lanius excubitor invictus Grinnell
Lanius borealis invictus Grinnell, 1900, Pacific Coast Avifauna,
no. 1, p. 54 — Kowak River, Alaska.
Breeds from northern Alaska, Mackenzie and northern Manitoba,
south to extreme northern British Columbia, and Alberta, inter-
grading eastward with borealis; winters southward to north central
California, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, northern Texas,
and central Missouri.
Lanius excubitor sibiricus Bogdanov
Lanius excubitor var. sibiricus Bogdanov, 1881, Zapiski Imp.
Akad. Nauk, 39, suppl.1, p. 101 — Chukotski Peninsula,
Okhotsk, Khanka, etc. ... restricted to Chukotski Peninsula
by Dementiev, 1935, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn., 5, p. 92.
356 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Eastern Siberia (Kolyma Basin, Anadyrland and the Chukotski
Peninsula) south to Lake Baikal area, northern Mongolia (inter-
grading with mollis), northern Amurland, Kamtchatka, and per-
haps Paramushiro Island in the northern Kuriles. Winters in Mon-
golia, northern Manchuria, Ussuriland and perhaps northern Hopeh.
Lanius excubitor excubitor Linnaeus!
Lanius excubitor Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 94 —
Kurope, restricted to Sweden (Hartert, 1907, Vog. pal. Fauna,
1, (1910), p. 418).
Lanius melanopterus Brehm, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 238 —
Finland.
Lanius excubitor galliae Kleinschmidt, 1917, Falco, 13, p. 24 —
France (= northeastern France, see Bacmeister and Klein-
schmidt 1918, Journ. f. Orn., 66, p. 280).
Western Siberia (Lower Ob River south to about latitude 57°-
58° N.). Eastward in Europe to northern Russia (Archangel, Kola
Peninsula), northern Finland, southern Norway, Denmark, Ger-
many, France (except the northwest and the southeast) south to
the Pyrenees, Switzerland, northern Italy, northern Yugoslavia, to
western Romania (Transylvania) and south in Russia to about the
latitude of Tula and Kazan.
Winters from southern Scandinavia and western Russia south,
including England, to the Mediterranean eastward to Asia Minor,
the Caucasus and Transcaspia.
Lanius excubitor bianchii Hartert
Lanius excubitor bianchii Hartert, 1907, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, (1910),
p. 424 — Sakhalin Island.
Russian Island of Sakhalin and southern Kuriles, wintering in
the Japanese island of Hokkaido.
Lanius excubitor mollis Eversmann
Lanius major Pallas, 1811 (not Lanius major Gmelin, 1788),
Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1, p. 401 — boreal Russia-Siberia.
Lanius mollis Eversmann, 1853, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 26,
no. 4, p. 498 — Chuya River, Russian Altai.
Central Asia in Russian Altai, Sayan mountains and northwestern
Mongolia; winters occasionally in northern Hopeh; straggles to
Japan.
Lanius excubitor funereus Menzbier
Lanius funereus Menzbier, 1894, Ibis, p. 379 — Ulugchat (Ulugh
Chat) and Kuldscha (Gulcha), Tian Shan Range.
1 LT. major Gmelin, 1788, and L. europaeus Bogd. are also synonyms.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 357
Tian Shan in Chinese and Russian Turkestan. Perhaps Dzungarian
Ala Tau and Tarbagatai birds belong here. Resident, or with alti-
tudinal movements at most.
Lanius excubitor homeyeri Cabanis
Lanius homeyeri Cabanis, 1873, Journ. f. Orn., 21, p. 75 —Volga
and Crimea. The “‘type”’ is from the lower Volga according to
Hartert, 1907, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, (1910), p. 420.
Lanius excubitor stepensis Gawrilenko, 1927, Zbirnik Poltawa, 1,
p. 272 — brushy steppes of Ukraine near Constantinograd?.
In southeastern Europe from Bulgaria and southern Romania
across Ukraine to the foothills of the southern Urals, and in western
Siberia in the forested steppes and the southern taiga border north
to about latitude 57°-58°, east to Yeniseysk (intergrading eastward
with sibiricus), and the northern foothills of the Altai. Winters
south to the northern Caucasus, occasionally in the southern Caspian
districts of Iran, and the plains of Russian and Chinese Turkestan.
Lanius excubitor leucopterus Severtzow?
Lanius excubitor var. leucoptera Severtzow, 1875, Stray Feathers,
3, p. 430 — Upper Naryn River, Russian Turkestan.
Range poorly known; apparently in the drier steppes of western
Siberia south of the range of homeyeri and also in the region of
Minusinsk. Winters in Russian Turkestan south to Tien Shan and
Ferghana; also reported from Chinese Turkestan, Gilgit, Baluchi-
stan and Iran.
Lanius excubitor meridionalis Temminck
Lanius meridionalis Temminck, 1820, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 1, p.143
—‘‘._. Italie, la Dalmatie, le midi de la France . . .”’; restricted
to Provence by Hartert, 1907, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, (1910),
p. 424.
In the Mediterranean region of southern France and in the Ibe-
rian Peninsula.
Lanius excubitor koenigi Hartert
Lanius algeriensis koenigi Hartert, 1901, Novit. Zool., 8, p. 309 —
Tenerife, Canaries.
Canary Islands.
Lanius excubitor algeriensis Lesson?
Lanius algeriensis Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool., (Paris), p. 134 —
Oran.
1 Original not seen; quoted from Hartert, Erganzungsband, p. 211. Quoted
as L.e. stefensis in Zool. Record for 1928.
2 Lanius przewalskii Bogdanov, 1881, is a synonym and Lanius leucop-
terus Sever., 1873, a nom. nud.
3 Lanius dodsoni of Sharpe’s ““Hand-list” is a synonym.
24
358 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Northwestern Africa, along the Atlantic coast from western Mau-
ritania and Rio de Oro to Morocco, thence to Tunisia, northern Tri-
politania and northern Cyrenaica, inland to the northern borders
of the Sahara where it intergrades with elegans.
Lanius excubitor elegans Swainson!
Lanius elegans Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson,
Fauna Bor.-Amer., 2 (1831), p. 122 — “‘fur countries ... Hud-
son Bay”’; error: restricted to Tilremt, northern Algerian Sahara
by Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1752, p. 16.
Lanius excubitor oasis Jany, 1948, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn., 18,
p- 117 — Djama Oasis, 164 km. south of Biskra, Algeria.
Lanius excubitor batesi Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1951, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 71, p. 54 — between Sfax and Aguareb, eastern
Tunisia.
In the desert from interior Mauritania, northern and central
Sahara, southern Tunisia, interior Lybia, Egypt along the coast to
the Sinai Peninsula and southern Israel (where it intergrades with
auchert); also south in Egypt along the Nile, in some oases, and
along the Red Sea to about Port Sudan.
Lanius excubitor leucopygos Ehrenberg?
Lanius leucopygos Ehrenberg, 1833, in Hemprich and Ehrenberg’s
Symb. Phys. Aves., fol. d, e, dd — Dongola, Sudan.
Lanius excubitor jebelmarrae Lynes, 1923, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 43,
p. 94 — Jebel Marra, 7,900 feet, Darfur.
Southern Sahara, Timbouktu to Air and Lake Chad, and east to
Sudan (Dongola and Sennar).
Lanius excubitor aucheri Bonaparte
Lanius aucheri Bonaparte, 1853, Rev. Mag. Zool., (Paris), p. 294
— Persia.
Lanius excubitor dubarensis Grant and Mackworth-Praed, 1951,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 71, p. 55 — Dubar, south of Berbera, Bri-
tish Somaliland.
Lanius excubitor theresae Meinertzhagen, 1953, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 73, p. 72 — Galilee, northern Palestine.
West coast of the Red Sea from about Port Sudan (intergrading
with elegans) southward to Eritrea, Abyssinia, and British Somali-
land; also Syria, Israel and Sinai Peninsula (intergrading with
elegans), Arabia (except Yemen, Aden, and Hadhramaut), Iraq and
southern Iran, intergrading with pallidirostris and lahtora eastward.
1 Lanius hemileucurus of Sharpe’s “Hand-list” is also a synonym.
* Lanius pallens of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list” is also a synonym.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 359
Lanius excubitor buryi Lorenz and Hellmayr
Lanius buryt Lorenz and Hellmayr, 1901, Orn. Monatsb., 9, p. 39
— Yeshbum, southern Arabia.
Lanius arabicus Ogilvie-Grant, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15,
p. 78 — Amiri District, South Arabia.
Southwestern Arabia; Yemen and Aden Protectorate.
Lanius excubitor uncinatus Sclater and Hartlaub
Lanius uncinatus Sclater and Hartlaub, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 168, fig. 1 — Socotra.
Socotra Island.
Lanius excubitor lahtora (Sykes)
Collurio lahtora Sykes, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 86 —
Dukhun [= Deccan].
Southern Baluchistan eastward to Sind and India east to Bihar
and western Bengal, and from the foothills of the Himalayas south
through central India to Belgaum in southern Bombay, and Cud-
dapah district in Madras.
Lanius excubitor pallidirostris Cassin!
Lanius pallidirostris Cassin, 1852, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 5, p. 244 — East Africa.
From the sandy region northeast of Astrakhan on the lower
Volga eastward through western Siberia (south of the range of
homeyeri-leucopterus) to the Zaisan Nor Region; also deserts and
semi-deserts to Dzungaria and southern Mongolia in the Gobi to
about 111° E. longitude and southward to Ala Shan mountains;
the plains of Russian Turkestan, Aral-Caspian region, Transcaspia
to northeastern Iran (Khorasan south to Seistan), Afghanistan (pro-
bably), and northern Baluchistan (Quetta region).
Winters from southern Afghanistan and Baluchistan west to
Iraq, Arabia, the Nile Valley in the Sudan and Abyssinia and
British Somaliland.
LANIUS EXCUBITOROIDES
Lanius excubitoroides excubitoroides Prévost and Des Murs?
Lanius excubitoroides Prévost and Des Murs, 1847, in Lefebvre,
Voyage en Abyssinie, 6, p. 99 (emended to excubitorius, p. 170,
and pl. 8, because of excubitorides Swainson, 1831, which, how-
ever, is not the same as excubitoroides) — Abyssinie and Nubie
= White Nile (see Neumann, 1927, Ibis, p. 506-8).
Lanius excubitorius tschadensis Grote and Neumann, 1926, Orn.
Monatsb., 34, p. 87 — Tora, Lake Chad area.
1 Lanius grimmi Bogd., 1881, is a synonym, as is L. assimilis of Sharpe’s
“Hand-list’’.
2 princeps Cabanis, 1850, is a synonym.
24*
360 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Northern Cameroon (Marua district) to Lake Chad and Shari
county (Fort Lamy) and east to the Sudan (south of about latitude
12° N.) and south to extreme eastern Belgian Congo (Lake Albert
to Lake Edward area) and Uganda; in winter in western Kenya
(Lake Naivasha area).
Lanius excubitoroides intercedens Neumann
Lanius excubitorius intercedens Neumann, 1905, Journ. f. Orn.,
53, p. 228 — Hawash Valley south of Sekwala, Abyssinia.
Central Abyssinia south to western Kenya Colony (Elgon to Ka-
virondo area).
Lanius excubitoroides bOdhmi Reichenow!
Lanius béhmi Reichenow, 1902, Journ. f. Orn., 50, p. 258, new
name for Lanius schalowt Bohm (not L. schalowi “Sharpe”
“teste Gadow”’ Schalow, 1882), 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p.177
— Boga Katani, east of Lake Tanganyika.
Western Tanganyika Territory (south shore of Lake Victoria to
north end of Lake Nyasa) and part of extreme eastern Belgian
Congo (Lake Kivu and Ruanda south to Manyema area).
LANIUS SPHENOCERCUS
Lanius sphenocercus sphenocercus Cabanis
Lanius sphenocercus Cabanis, 1873, Journ. f. Orn., 21, p. 76 —
“alleged to be Canton’.
From eastern Mongolia eastward through Manchuria to southern
Ussuriland and northern Korea, south to northern China, eastern
Sinkiang (Turfan depression), central Kansu (Ala Shan Desert,
Ningsia), and Shensi Province. Winters from Manchuria and Korea
south through eastern China to the lower Yangtze and occasionally
to Fukien and Kwangtung.
Lanius sphenocercus giganteus Przewalski
Lanius giganteus Przewalski, 1887, Zapiski Imp. Akad. Nauk, 55,
p. 86 — Hwang ho and Koko Nor.
From southern Kansu in the Nan Shan and eastern Tsinghai
southward to southeastern Sikang in the region of Muli where it
has been collected in July as well as in winter.
LANIUS CABANISI
Lanius cabanisi Hartert
Lanius cabanisi Hartert, 1906, Novit. Zool., 13, p. 404, new name
for Lanius caudatus Cabanis (not Brehm, 1855), 1868, Journ.
f. Orn., 16, p. 412 — Mombasa (see von der Decken’s Reisen
Ost Afr., 4, p. 331).
1 Lanius boehmi of Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-list’”’ is an emendation.
FAMILY LANITIDAE 361
Southern Italian Somaliland south to eastern Tanganyika Terri-
tory (Dar-es-Salaam) and inland to Kilosa and Nairobi area.
LANIUS DORSALIS
Lanius dorsalis Cabanis
Lanius (Fiscus) dorsalis Cabanis, 1878, Journ. f. Orn. 26, p. 205,
225 — Ndi, Teita.
Southern Abyssinia and Jubaland south to eastern Uganda, the
east side of Lake Victoria, and northeastern Tanganyika Territory.
LANIUS SOMALICUS!
Lanius somalicus Hartlaub
Lanius somalicus Hartlaub, 1859, in Heuglin, Ibis, p. 342 — Ben-
der Gam, Ker-Singeli-Somals country, Red Sea.
Lanius antinorii mauritii Neumann, 1907, Journ. f. Orn., 55,
p- 595 — Karoli Mountains, southeast of Lake Rudolf.
From British Somaliland and eastern and southern Abyssinia to
northern Kenya colony.
LANIUS COLLARIS
Lanius collaris smithii (Fraser)
Collurio smithii Fraser, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 16 —
Cape Coast, West Africa.
Lanius humeralis camerunensis Reichenow, 1910, Orn. Monatsb.,
18, p. 191 — Bamenda (Adamawa), Ngaundere.
Sierra Leone to central Cameroon, Gaboon, and the mouth of the
Congo River (local in occurrence) and east, north of the Congo
Forests through the northern Belgian Congo (Uele) to southern
Sudan (east to the White Nile) and south to the Ituri area of the
Belgian Congo and Lake Albert.
Lanius collaris humeralis Stanley
Lanius humeralis Stanley, 1814, in Salt’s Voy. Abyssinia, App.,
p- 51 — Chelicut, Abyssinia (p. 45 of Salt’s Voy... .).
Lanius uropygialis Reichenow, 1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53, p. 560 —
East Africa from Uganda to Lake Nyasa.
Lanius collaris tenuirectris Clancey, 1954, Durban Mus. Novit., 4,
p. 84 — near Naivasha, Rift Valley, Kenya Colony, altitude
6,000 feet.
Eritrea, southern Sudan (east of the White Nile), Kenya, Tan-
ganyika Territory (except the range of marwitzi) and northern Por-
tuguese East Africa, intergrading extensively and apparently irre-
gularly, westward with capell1 in Uganda, eastern and southern
Belgian Congo, and Northern Rhodesia.
1 L. antinori of Sharpe’s ‘“Hand-list”? is a synonym.
362 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Lanius collaris marwitzi Reichenow
Lanius marwitzi Reichenow, 1901, Orn. Monatsb., 9, p. 90 —
Ngomingi, Uhehe district.
Southwestern Tanganyika Territory in the highlands north of
Lake Nyasa.
Lanius collaris capelli (Bocage)
Fiscus Capelli Barboza du Bocage, 1879, Jorn. Sci. math. phys.
Nat. Lisboa, 7, no. 26, p. 93 — Cassange, Angola.
Lanius humeralis congicus Reichenow, 1902, Journ. f. Orn., 50,
p- 258 — Angola to the lake area: restricted to Milandje, An-
gola (see Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., p. 609).
Lanius collaris dominator Clancey and Smithers, 1954, Durban
Mus. Novit., 4, p. 81 — Muchinga Range near Mpika, eastern
Northern Rhodesia, 11° 15’ S., 32° 05’ E., altitude 4,500 feet.
Western Uganda, eastern Belgian Congo (from Lake Edward
southward); southern Belgian Congo (south of about latitude 4° S.,
west to Leopoldville and the adjacent French Congo, but not Ga-
boon nor the mouth of the Congo River), Northern Rhodesia and
Angola south to Huila (except the southwestern coastal area): a
confused mixture of capelli- and humeralis-like birds occurs in
southern and eastern Congo and Northern Rhodesia.
Lanius collaris pyrrhostictus Holub and Pelzeln
Lanius pyrrhostictus Holub and Pelzeln, 1882, Beitr. Ornith.
Siidafr., p. 97, pl. 2— Transvaal.
Lanius collaris predator Clancey, 1953, Durban Mus. Novit., 4, p.
62 — near Ingwavuma, Lebombo Mts., N. E. Zululand at 2,000
feet altitude.
Lanius collaris vigilans Clancey, 1954, Durban Mus. Novit., 4,
p- 78 — Gillitts, near Kloof, Natal.
Southern Portuguese East Africa and Natal, eastern and northern
Transvaal to eastern Bechuanaland and Southern Rhodesia, inter-
grading with subcoronatus and humeralis.
Lanius collaris collaris Linnaeus
Lanius collaris Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 135 —
Cape of Good Hope.
Cape Province east to Namaqualand north to the Orange River
and Orange Free State, intergrading with subcoronatus and pyr-
rhostictus.
Lanius collaris subcoronatus Smith
Lanius subcoronatus A. Smith, 1841, Illustr. Zool. 8. Afr., pl. 68
— Latakoo.
FAMILY LANIIDAE 363
Lanius collaris aridicolus Clancey, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 75,
p. 32 — Swakopmund, Namib, South-west Africa.
Southwestern coastal Angola (north to Benguela), South West
Africa, and southern Bechuanaland; the species seems absent from
much of central Bechuanaland.
LANIUS NEWTONI
Lanius newtoni Bocage
Lanius (Fiscus) Newtont Barboza du Bocage, 1891, Jorn. Sci.
math. phys. Nat. Lisboa (2), 2, no. 6, p. 79 — Sao Tomé.
Sao Tomé Island in the Gulf of Guinea.
LANIUS SENATOR
Woodchat Shrike
Lanius senator senator Linnaeus!
Lanius senator Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 94 —
Indiis; error, type locality restricted to the Rhine, Hartert
1907, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, (1910), p. 434.
Lanius senator fliickigert Kleinschmidt, 1907, Falco, p. 68 — Lam-
bése, Algeria.
Lanius senator weigoldi Kleinschmidt, 1919, Falco, 14 (1918),
p. 16 — Spain.
Lanius senator erlangeri Kleinschmidt, 1919, Falco, 14 (1918),
p. 16 — Tunis.
Lanius senator italiae Kleinschmidt, 1922, Falco, 18, p. 24 —
Monte del Casentino, Tuscany, Italy.
Lanius senator hensii Clancey, 1948, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 68, p. 91
—near Syracuse, Sicily.
In the north from Poland (locally, about Warsaw), Hungary,
Czechoslovakia and central Germany, to Normandy and the lower
Loire in France, south through the Iberian Peninsula to north-
western Africa (to the borders of the Sahara from Morocco east to
Tunis; also Cyrenaica), Italy and Sicily, Greece, Corfu, Crete and
southern Bulgaria. Intergradation with niloticus is said to appear
in Greece, and perhaps continues in western Asia Minor (but it is
likely the two races do not come in contact at all). Migrates through
the Mediterranean region and its islands to the Near East and
Egypt, north Africa and the Sahara, to winter in tropical Africa,
north of the Equator, from Senegal and the northern Gold Coast
(Ghana) and northern Nigeria eastward to Darfur in the Sudan and
northeastern Belgian Congo.
1 Lanius pomeranus and L. rutilus of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list”’ are also syno-
nyms.
364 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Lanius senator badius Hartlaub
Lanius badius Hartlaub, 1854, Journ. f. Orn., 2, p. 100 — Gold
Coast.
Balearic Islands, Corsica, Capraia, and Sardinia. Migrates through
northwestern Africa (eastern Algeria and Tunisia) to winter in West
Africa from the Ivory Coast to northern Cameroon. Has straggled
to Madeira.
Lanius senator niloticus (Bonaparte)
Enneoctonus niloticus Bonaparte, 1853, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris),
p. 439 — the White Nile.
Near East from Israel north to Syria, southeastern Asia Minor
and eastward to northern Iraq (Kurdistan), and western and south-
ern Iran (from the Zagros to Fars) and Persian Baluchistan. The
birds said to breed in eastern Asia Minor and Transcaucasia may
belong to this race; reported, without real evidence, from southern
Transcaspia. Migrates through Iraq, Arabia (a few winter in Aden),
westward to the Sinai Peninsula and the Sudan; winters in North
East Africa from southern Sudan eastward to Abyssinia and Somali-
land, south to northeastern Belgian Congo, Uganda, and western
Kenya.
LANIUS NUBICUS
Masked Shrike
Lanius nubicus Lichtenstein
Lanius nubicus Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl. zool. Mus. Ber-
lin, p. 47 — Nubia.
Lanius atticus Reiser, 1905, Mat. Ornis Balcan, 3, p. 262 — ex
Lindermayr ms.
From southeastern Europe (in Macedonia, Greece, and Thrace),
Cyprus, Asia Minor and south to Israel, eastward to eastern Iraq
and southwestern Iran (the Zagros eastward to Fars). Migrates
through Iraq, Arabia, and Egypt, wintering in Arabia and north-
eastern Africa (from Zinder on the west to Upper Egypt (a few),
and British Somaliland on the east and south to Lake Albert and
Lake Rudolf).
SuBFAMILY PITYRIASINAE
Genus PITYRIASIS Lesson
Pityriasis Lesson, 1839, Rev. Zool., p. 136. Type, by monotypy,
Barita gymnocephala Temminck.
cf. Mayr and Amadon, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1496, p. 22.
Hachisuka, 1953, Proc. Seventh Pacific Sci. Congress, 4,
p- 67-69.
FAMILY VANGIDAE 365
PITYRIASIS GYMNOCEPHALA
Pityriasis gymnocephala (Temminck)
Barita gymnocephala Temminck, 1835, Pl. Col., livr. 97, 2, pl. 572
(text misnumbered 570) — Borneo.
Borneo.
Famity VANGIDAE
Austin L. Ranp!
cf. Delacour, 1932, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn., 2, p. 71-77.
Rand, 1936, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 72, p. 460-468.
Genus CALICALICUS Bonaparte
Calicalicus Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38,
p. 386, 535. Type, by original designation, Calicalicus mada-
gascariensis (Linn.).
CALICALICUS MADAGASCARIENSIS
Calicalicus madagascariensis (Linnaeus)
Lanius madagascariensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1,
p. 137 — Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin,
by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 504.
Forests of eastern Madagascar and also locally those of the north
and the west, south to Tabiky.
Genus SCHETBA LEsson
Schetba Lesson, 1830, Traité d’Orn., p. 374. Type, by tautonomy,
“le Schetbé” = Lanius rufus Linnaeus.
SCHETBA RUFA
Schetba rufa rufa (Linnaeus)
Lanius rufus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 137 — Ma-
dagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by Strese-
mann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.
Forests of eastern Madagascar from Andapa to Fort Dauphin.
Schetba rufa occidentalis Delacour
Schetba rufa occidentalis Delacour, 1931, Oiseau Rev. Frang. Orn.,
1, p. 485 — Tabiky, n. e. of Tulear, southwestern Madagascar.
Central part of western Madagascar from Soalala to Tabiky.
1 Ms. read by: James P. Chapin, Herbert G. Deignan, Herbert Friedmann,
Erwin Stresemann.
366 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Genus VANGA VIEILLOT
Vanga Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 41. Type, by monotypy, Buf-
fon’s ““Vanga”’ = Lanius curvirostris Linnaeus.
VANGA CURVIROSTRIS
Vanga curvirostris curvirostris (Linnaeus)
Lanius curvirostris Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12,1, p. 1385 —
Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by
Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.
Vanga griseipectus Shelley, 1912, Birds. Afr., 5, p. 194, pl. 50 —
Saralalan.
Vanga cristata Reichenow, 1923, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg, 40,
p. 65 — Nossibé Island, Madagascar.
Forests of eastern and northern Madagascar, south to Fort Dau-
phin in the southeast and about to the Manambolo River on the
west.
Vanga curvirostris cetera Bangs
Vanga curvirostris cetera Bangs, 1928, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl.,
10, p. 107 — 20 kilometers northeast of Tulear, southwestern
Madagascar.
Southwestern Madagascar, from Tabiky to Ampotaka.
GENUS XENOPIROSTRIS Bonaparte
Xenopirostris Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 366. Type, by
monotypy, Vanga xenopirostris Lafresnaye.
XENOPIROSTRIS XENOPIROSTRIS
Xenopirostris xenopirostris (Lafresnaye)
Vanga xenopirostris Lafresnaye, 1850, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris), 2
(2nd Ser.), p. 107, pl. 1 — Madagascar.
Southwestern Madagascar, from Lake Iotry to Lake Tsimanam-
petsotsa and Cape Sainte-Marie.
XENOPIROSTRIS DAMII
Xenopirostris damii Schlegel
Xenopirostris damit Schlegel, 1866, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., 3,
p. 82 — Ambassuan [northwest coast of Madagascar].
Dry woods of northwestern Madagascar (Bay of Pasandava to
south of Majunga).
FAMILY VANGIDAE 367
XENOPIROSTRIS POLLENI
Xenopirostris polleni (Schlegel)
Vanga polleni Schlegel, 1868, in Pollen and van Dam, 1868,
Faun. Madag., 2, p. 174 — North West coast of Madagascar.
Madagascar: northwest coast and eastern forests (Sianaka Forest
to Fanovana).
Genus FALCULEA Getorrroy St.-HILAIRE
Falculea Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1836, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. France
for 1835, p. 115. Type, by monotypy, Falculea palliata Geoffr.
FALCULEA PALLIATA
Falculea palliata Geoffroy St.-Hilaire
Falculea palliata Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1836, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat.
France, for 1835, p. 115 — Madagascar.
Open wooded areas of western and extreme northern Madagascar,
south on the west to Ampotaka and on the east to Sambava.
GEeNus LEPTOPTERUS Bonaparte!
Leptopterus Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 38,
p. 387, 538. Type, by monotypy, [Lanius] viridis Gmelin [= La-
nius chabert].
Cyanolanius Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris,
38, p. 387, 538. Type, by monotypy, Lanius bicolor Linnaeus
[= Loaxia madagascarina Linnaeus].
Abbottornis Richmond, 1897, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 19, p. 692.
Substitute name for Leptopterus erroneously considered preoc-
cupied by Leptoptera Boisduval, 1842.
Artamella Sclater, 1924, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 44, p. 91. Type, by
original designation, Lanius viridis Miiller.
LEPTOPTERUS VIRIDIS
Leptopterus viridis viridis? (Miller)
Lanius viridis P. L.S. Miller, 1776, Syst. Nat. Suppl., p. 72.
Based on Buffon’s ““Tcha-chert-bé” (Hist. Nat. Ois., 1, p. 248)
from Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by
Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.
Forests of eastern Madagascar from Andapa south to Fort
Dauphin.
1 Artamia of Sharpe’s ‘‘Hand-list’’ (not of Lafresnaye) is included.
2 Artamia leucocephala of Sharpe’s “Hand-list”’ is a synonym.
368 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Leptopterus viridis annae (Stejneger)
Artamia annae Stejneger, 1878, Nyt. Mag. Naturv., 24, Heft 3,
p. 291 — Madagascar (= western Madagascar).
Wooded areas of western Madagascar, from Anaborano south to
Ampotaka.
LEPTOPTERUS CHABERT
Leptopterus chabert chabert (Miiller)
Lanius cha-bert P. L. S. Miller, 1776, Syst. Nat. Suppl., p. 72.
Founded on Buffon’s ‘““Tcha-chert,” Hist. Nat. Ois., 1, p. 246
— from Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin,
by Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.
Forests and wooded areas of eastern and northern Madagascar
to Fort Dauphin in the southeast, and Manambolo River in the west.
Leptopterus chabert schistocercus (Neumann)
Abbotornis schistocercus Neumann, 1908, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23,
p. 11 — west central Madagascar.
Wooded areas of southwestern Madagascar from Tabiky to Am-
potaka.
LEPTOPTERUS MADAGASCARINUS!
Leptopterus madagascarinus madagascarinus (Linnaeus)
Loxia madagascarina Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 306
— Madagascar. Type locality restricted to Fort Dauphin by
Stresemann, 1952, Ibis, p. 505.
Madagascar ; widely distributed in forested area; in the east south
to Fort Dauphin; in the west south to near Tulear.
Leptopterus madagascarinus comorensis (Shelley)
Artamia comorensis Shelley, 1894, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 3, p. 42 —
Great Comoro Island.
Grand Comoro Island.
Genus ORIOLIA Georrroy St.-HILAIRE
Oriolia Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1838, Rev. Zool. (Paris), p. 50.
Type, by monotypy, Oriolia berniert.
ORIOLIA BERNIERI
Oriolia bernieri Geoffroy St.-Hilaire
Oriolia bernieri Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1838, Rev. Zool. (Paris), p.
50 — Madagascar.
1 Artamia bicolor of Sharpe’s “‘Hand-list”” is a synonym.
FAMILY BOMBYCILLIDAE 369
Madagascar: forests of the eastern slopes from Andapa to Von-
drozo.
GENUS EURYCEROS! LEsson
Euryceros Lesson, 1831, Ann. Sci. Nat., 22, p. 421. Type, by mono-
typy, Euryceros prevostii Lesson.
EURYCEROS PREVOSTII
Euryceros prevostii Lesson
Euryceros prevostii Lesson, 1831, Ann. Sci. Nat., 22, p. 422 —
“Kast Indies” = Tintinque, east coast of Madagascar (Lesson,
1832, Cent. Zool., 1830, p. 218).
Forests of eastern slopes of Madagascar from Andapa to Fanovana.
Famity BOMBYCILLIDAE
JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR.?
cf. Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 3, p. 103-114.
Hartert, 1907, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, Heft 4, p. 455-458.
— 1921, op. cit., 3, Heft 17, p. 2132-2133.
— and Steinbacher, 1934, op. cit., Erginzungsb., Heft 3,
p. 222-223.
Hellmayr, 1935, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13,
pt. 8, p. 103-105.
Austin and Kuroda, 1953, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 109, no. 4,
p- 569-570 (Birds Japan).
Dementiev, 1954, Ptitsy Sovietskogo Soiuza, 6, p. 62-70.
SuBFAMILY BOMBYCILLINAE
GENuS BOMBYCILLA®? VIEILLoT
Bombycilla Vieillot, 1808, Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, (1807), p. 88. Type,
by monotypy, Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot.
1 Aérocharis Gistel, 1848, an emendation for Huryceros Lesson, not “Eury-
cera Fabr.” (not found), is unnecessary; nor is Huryceros preoccupied by
Eurycerus Illiger, 1807.
2 Ms. read by: Alexander Wetmore.
3 Replaces Ampelis of Sharpe’s “Hand-list’’.
370 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
BOMBYCILLA GARRULUS
Waxwing, Bohemian Waxwing
Bombycilla garrulus garrulus (Linnaeus)
Lanius Garrulus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 95 —
“Kuropa and America boreali’’? = Sweden.
Forests of northern Norway and Sweden south to about lat. 68° N.;
northern Finland and northern Russia eastward to the Ural Moun-
tains. In winter southward irregularly to central Europe.
Bombycilla garrulus centralasiae Poljakov
Bombycilla garrulus centralasiae Poljakov, 1915, Mess. Orn.
Moscow, 6, no. 2, p. 137 — Zaisan District and Smeinogorsk,
Southwestern Altai.
Bombycilla garrulus ussuriensis Buturlin, 1915, Mess. Orn. Moscow,
6, no. 3, p.223— Russovka, near Kamen-Rybolov, Lake
Khanke, Ussuriland.
Mixed forests (taiga) of Siberia, from the northern Urals (about
long. 58° E. south to about lat. 64° N.), eastward to the mouth of
the Lena and the region of Lake Baikal, and through eastern Siberia
to Kamchatka and shores of the Sea of Okhotsk south (probably) to
the vicinity of the mouth of the Amur River. In winter to southern
China and Japan.
Bombycilla garrulus pallidiceps Reichenow
Bombycilla garrula pallidiceps Reichenow, 1908, Orn. Monatsb.,
16, p. 191 — Shesly River, British Columbia.
Coniferous forests of northwestern North America. Breeds locally
and irregularly from Alaska, central Yukon, northern Mackenzie
District, northeastern Saskatchewan and northern Manitoba south-
ward to central Washington, northern Idaho, northwestern Montana
and southern Alberta (casual in southern part of range). Wanders
irregularly southward in winter to southern California, northern
Arizona, central New Mexico; northern Texas; northwestern Arkan-
sas; southern Illinois; central Ohio; Pennsylvania, northern New
York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine and New
Brunswick.
BOMBYCILLA JAPONICA
Bombycilla japonica (Siebold)
Bombycivora japonica P. F. Siebold, 1824, De hist. nat. Japon.
etc., p. 13 (footnote) — ‘‘Fyco ac Tsikuzen” = Kumamoto and
Fukuoka prefectures, Kyushu, Japan.
Extreme eastern Siberia, from the headwaters of the Aldan and
Maya Rivers and along coasts of the Udskaya Gulf southward in
the valley of the Amur, and westward at least to the neighborhood
of Blagoveschensk. In winter irregularly to Sakhalin, the Japanese
Islands, and Riu Kius.
FAMILY BOMBYCILLIDAE 371
BOMBYCILLA CEDRORUM
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot
Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot, 1808, Ois. Amer. Sept., (1807), 1,
p- 88, pl. 57 — Amérique depuis le Canada jusqu’au Mexique =
eastern North America.
Northern North America, from southeastern Alaska, southeast-
ward in northern Alberta, Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, south-
central Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland,
southward, locally and irregularly, to northern California, central
Missouri, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, central Kentucky,
eastern Tennessee and northern Georgia. In winter, southward,
irregularly, throughout the United States, Mexico and Central
America south to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela and the Greater
Antilles (except Puerto Rico).
SupramMity PTILOGONATINAE!
cf. Crouch, 1943, Auk, 60, p. 319-333.
Rand, t.c. p. 333-341.
Newman, 1950, Condor, 52, p. 157-158 (nest of Ptilogonys cine-
reus).
Friedmann, Griscom, Moore, 1957, Cooper Orn. Cl., Pacific
Coast Avif., no. 29, pt. 2, p. 212-213.
Genus PTILOGONYS Swarnson
Ptilogonys Swainson, 1824, Cat. Exhib. called Modern Mexico,
App., p. 42. Type, by monotypy, Ptilogonys cinereus Swainson.
Ptiliogonys Swainson, 1827, Phil. Mag., n.s., 1, fasc. 5, p. 368.
Type, by monotypy, Ptiliogonys cinereus Swainson.
PTILOGONYS CINEREUS
Gray Silky-flycatcher
Ptilogonys cinereus otofuscus Moore
Ptilogonys cinereus otofuscus Moore, 1935, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 48, p. 112 — Arroyo Hondo (about thirty miles north-
east of junction of Rio Chinipas and Rio Fuerte) southwestern
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Northwestern Mexico, on the western side of the Sierra Madre
Occidental in Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Durango and Zacatecas.
1 Actual relationship of this group to Bombycilla has not been proved.
2 Not seen. Sherborn (Ind. Anim., Sect. 2, 1922, p. xxxiv, exx) states that
he never saw the last (undated) appendix on page 4 of which Swainson (Zool.
Illust., ser. 2, 2, 1831, pl. 62) says the original description appears. As far
as can be ascertained no one has been able to find it. The accustomed spelling
of recent years is retained here.
372 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Ptilogonys cinereus cinereus Swainson
Ptiliogonys cinereus Swainson, 1827, London, Edinb. Dubl. Phil.
Mag., n. s., 1, p. 368 — Tableland of Mexico, Real del Monte =
Temascaltepec fide Friedmann, Griscom and Moore, 1957.
Highlands of central and eastern Mexico, from Nuevo Leon,
southwestern Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi and Jalisco southward
in Guanajuato, Queretaro, western Veracruz, Mexico, Morelos,
western Michoacan, and Oaxaca.
Ptilogonys cinereus pallescens Griscom
Ptilogonys cinereus pallescens Griscom, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 75, p. 398 — Chilpancingo (8,000 feet), Guerrero, Mexico.
Southwestern Mexico, in eastern Michoacan (where intergrades
with cinereus) and Guerrero.
Ptilogonys cinereus molybdophanes Ridgway
Ptiliogonys cinereus molybdophanes Ridgway, 1887, Man. No. Amer.
Birds, p. 464 (note) — Duefias, Guatemala.
Southern Mexico, in Chiapas, and in western Guatemala}.
Genus PHAINOPEPLA Batrp
Phainopepla Baird, 1858, in Baird, Cassin and Lawrence, Rep.
Expl. and Survey R. R. Pac., 9, p. xix, xxxiv, 923. Type, by
original designation, Phainopepla nitens Swainson (credited to
Sclater).
PHAINOPEPLA NITENS
Phainopepla nitens lepida Van Tyne
Phainopepla nitens lepida Van Tyne, 1925, Occ. Papers Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 149 — Riverside, California.
Western North America from central California, southern Nevada,
southwestern Utah, central Arizona, southwestern New Mexico and
western Texas, southward through Baja California, Sonora and
Chihuahua in northern Mexico.
Phainopepla nitens nitens (Swainson)
Ptilogonys nitens Swainson, 1837, Anim. in Menag., p. 285 —
Mexico.
From Brewster County, Texas southward on the high plateau of
central Mexico to Durango, Coahuila, Nuevo Ledn, and San Luis
Potosi; possibly to Guanajuato, Mexico, Puebla, and Veracruz.
Genus PHAINOPTILA Savin
Phainoptila Salvin, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 367. Type, by
original designation and monotypy, Phainoptila melanoxantha
Salvin.
1 Ptilogonys caudatus Cabanis should be added here; see addendum, p. 458.
FAMILY DULIDAE 373
Phainoptila melanoxantha Salvin
Phainoptila melanoxantha Salvin, 1877, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 367 — Costa Rica = San Francisco, fide Hellmayr, 1935.
Phainoptila melanoxantha minor Griscom, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 141, p. 8 — Cerro Flores, eastern Chiriqui, Panama.
Highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama.
SUBFAMILY HYPOCOLIINAE!
GrENus HYPOCOLIUS Bonaparte
Hypocolius Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 336. Type, by
monotypy, Hypocolius ampelinus Bonaparte.
cf. Meinertzhagen, 1947, Ibis, p. 666.
— 1949, Ibis, p. 472.
Delacour and Amadon, 1949, Ibis, p. 427-429.
Meinertzhagen, 1954, Birds Arabia, p. 175-176.
HYPOCOLIUS AMPELINUS
Hypocolius ampelinus Bonaparte
Hypocolius ampelinus Bonaparte, 1851, Consp. Av., 1, p. 336 —
“California’’, in error, type from coast of Abyssinia, fide Har-
tert, 19072.
Hypocolius ampelinus orientalis Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 52, p. 64 — Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Locally distributed in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley of Iraq from
Mosul to the Persian Gulf, and in southwestern Arabia from the
vicinity of Birka (el Birke), about lat. 23° N., to Wadi Fatima,
about ten miles north of Mecca, and probably southward. Recorded
from Oman. Winter quarters uncertain but perhaps African coasts
of the Red Sea. Wanders irregularly to southern Afghanistan, north-
western Baluchistan and India.
Famity DULIDAE®?
JAMES C. GREENWAY, Jr.?
GrENus DULUS VtetL1Lotr
Dulus Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 42. Type, by monotypy, ““Tana-
gra esclave’ Buffon = Tanagra dominica Linnaeus.
1 Allocation in the present family is tentative. Actual relationship of this
peculiar species to others placed in the Bombycillidae has yet to be establ-
ished.
2 Questionable, fide Meinertzhagen, 1954, but specimens exist.
3 This peculiar communal-nesting species has been listed by some recent
authors as a subfamily of Bombycillidae. Its status as a family and true
relationships remain to be determined.
4 Ms. read by: Alexander Wetmore.
25
374 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
DULUS DOMINICUS
Palm Chat
Dulus dominicus (Linnaeus)
Tanagra dominica Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 316 —
“Dominica” = Santo Domingo, Hispaniola.
Dulus dominicus oviedo Wetmore, 1929, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 42, p. 117 — Pikmi, Gonave Island.
Forests of Hispaniola and Gonave Island.
Famity CINCLIDAE
JAMES C. GREENWAY, Jr.!
GENUS CINCLUS BorKkHaAvusENn
Cinclus Borkhausen, 1797, Deutsche Fauna, 1, p. 300. Type, by
monotypy, Cinclus hydrophilus Borkhausen = Sturnus cinclus
Linnaeus”.
cf. Hartert, 1910, Vog. Pal. Faun., 1, Heft 6, p. 788-798.
— and Steinbacher, 1935, t. c., Erginzungsb., Heft 4, p. 344-345.
Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 13, p. 106-110.
Ludlow and Kinnear, 1937, Ibis, p. 262—265 (Himalayan races).
Meinertzhagen, 1938, Ibis, p. 692 (C. c. leucogaster).
Schafer, 1938, Journ. f. Orn., 86 (Sonderh.), p. 205-208 (Chi-
nese and Tibetan races).
Rokitansky, 1939, Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien, 49, p. 282-294
(European races).
Vaurie, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1485, p. 9-19 (Asiatic
races).
Dementiev, 1954, Ptitsy Sovietskogo Soiuza, 6, p. 670-685.
Vaurie, 1955, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1751, p. 12-17 (European
races).
Greenway and Vaurie, 1958, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool., no.
89, p. 1-10.
CINCLUS CINCLUS
Dipper
Cinclus cinclus hibernicus Hartert
Cinclus cinclus hibernicus Hartert, 1910, Vég. pal. Faun., 1, Heft
6, p. 790 — County Cork, Ireland.
Ireland; outer Hebrides, on islands of Lewis, Barra, and in the
Trish Sea on Rute, Kintyre, Arran and the Isle of Man, and neigh-
boring coasts of Scotland.
1 Ms. read by: Herbert G. Deignan, Charles Vaurie, Jaques Berlioz.
2 Synonymy of the group since Hellmayr, 1934; Hartert and Steinbacher,
1935.
FAMILY CINCLIDAE 375
Cinclus cinclus gularis (Latham)
Turdus gularis Latham, 1801 [18022], Ind Orn., 2nd Suppl.,
p. xl — Penrith, Cumberland.
Orkney Islands, central and eastern Scotland, western and cen-
tral England and Wales.
Cinclus cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus)
Sturnus cinclus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 1, p. 168 — in Europa
= Sweden.
Cinclus cinclus Sapsworthi Arrigoni, 1902, Atlante Ornit., p. 150
— Corsica.
Cinclus cinclus atroventer Floericke, 1926, Mitt. Vogelw., p. 78 —
Portugal.
Cinclus cinclus wralensis Serebrowski, 1927, Compt. Rend. Acad.
Sci. U.R.S.S., [Doklady, Akad. Nauk (-Sa)], p. 326 — Pis-
mianka River, Ufa Government, southern Ural Mts.
Cinclus cinclus amphytrion Neumann and Paludan, 1937, Orn.
Monatsb., 45, p.16— Varsambek, Lasistan, northeastern
Turkey.
Scandinavian Peninsula east to southern coast of the White Sea
and eastern Prussia; irregularly southward in winter to about 55°
north latitude. Taxonomically indistinguishable populations occur
in the Ural Mts., northeastern Turkey, Lasistan and Ala Dagh
mountains; western Spain in western Sierra de Guadarrama, Sierra
de Gredos, Cercedilla; Corsica and Sardinia.
Cinclus cinclus aquaticus Bechstein
Cinclus aquaticus Bechstein, 1803, Orn. Taschenb., 1, p. 206 —
Deutschland.
Cinclus meridionalis Brehm, 1856, Naumannia, p. 186 — “‘Karn-
then” Alps, Austria.
Cinclus melanogaster pyrenaicus Dresser, 1892, Ibis, p. 382 —
Eaux chaudes, Basses Pyrénées and Gédres, Hautes Pyrénées.
Cinclus cinclus orientalis Stresemann, 1919, Anzeig. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, no. 1, p. 4 — Han Abdiposa, Macedonia.
Cinclus c.c. alpinus von Burg, 1924, Der Weidmann, Biilach-
Zurich, 6, no. 24, p. 7 — Alps, Engadine, Wallis and Tessin.
Cinclus c. c. juratensis von Burg, 1924, Der Weidmann, Biilach-
Ziirich, 6, no. 24, p. 7 — Renchenette, Jura Bernois.
Cinclus c. aquaticus helveticus von Burg, 1924, Der Weidmann,
Biilach-Ziirich, 6, no. 24, p. 7 — Mittellands und Voralpen.
Cinclus c. meridionalis alpestris von Burg, 1924, Der Weidmann,
Biilach-Ziirich, 6, no. 24, p. 7 — Mittellands und Voralpen.
Cinclus c. meridionalis jurassicus von Burg, 1924, Der Weidmann,
Biilach-Ziirich, 6, no. 24, p. 7 — Valleys of the western Jura.
25*
376 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Cinclus cinclus montanus Troller, 1935, Arch. Suisses Ornith., 1,
Heft 6, p. 198 — St. Gotthard Tremola; Pilatus, Luzern; St.
Moritz, Graubiinden.
Holland, Belgium, France, Germany and southern Poland south
to the Alps (range of meridionalis). Taxonomically indistinguishable
populations occur in France (Brittany, Central Massif, the Pyrenees) ;
southeastern Spain (southern slopes Sierra Guadarrama, Sierra
Nevada); Alps of Switzerland, Austria and mountains of Italy east-
ward through the Balkan states to Macedonia.
?Cinclus cinclus minor Tristram
Cinclus minor Tristram, 1870, Ibis, p. 497 — Algiers, near Blida,
fide Hartert.
North Africa in Morocco (Atlas Mts.), and mountains of Algeria
and Tunisia. Perhaps not different from aquaticus.
?Cinclus cinclus olympicus Madarasz
Cinclus olympicus Madarasz, 1903 (Jan.), Orn. Monatsb., p. 6 —
Trodos Mts., Cyprus.
Island of Cyprus. Possibly extinct.
Cinclus cinclus caucasicus Madarasz
Cinclus caucasicus Madarasz, 1903 (Dec.), Ann. Mus. Hungarici,
1, p. 560 — North Caucasus.
Caucasus Mountains southward through Georgia, Armenia, east-
ern Kurdistan, Azerbaijan and the Elburz Mountains eastward to
northern Khorasan and southward to north-central Iran (Persia).
In winter southward to an undetermined range in Iraq, Iran and
Baluchistan (western Pakistan).
Cinclus cinclus rufiventris Tristram
Cinclus rufiventris Tristram, 1884, Survey w. Palestine Faun.
Flor., p. 51 — “Litany River and the Lebanon’.
Lebanon Mountains, coast of Syria (Levant States).
?Cinclus cinclus persicus Witherby
Cinclus cinclus persicus Witherby, 1906, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16,
p. 71 — mountains near Mal Amir, 6,000 ft., S.W. Persia.
Southwestern Iran (Persia) in the Zagros and Bakhtiari moun-
tains. Perhaps not different from rufiventris.
Cinclus cinclus leucogaster Bonaparte
Cinclus leucogaster Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 252 —
western Siberia (ex Eversmann).
Cinclus leucogaster triznae Zarudny, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17,
p. 180 — Flussgebiete von Ferghana.
FAMILY CINCLIDAE 377
Mountains (above 8,000 ft.) of northern Afghanistan northeast-
ward in the mountains of Kirgiz and the Russian borders of Tibet,
Mongolia (including the Tian Shan and Altai mountains) and Man-
churia, eastward through the Yablonony and Stanovoi mountains.
Range in eastern Siberia uncertain.
In the western part of this range individuals having white under-
parts predominate; in the Altai Mountains and the region of Lake
Baikal brown-breasted birds occur to approximately the same
number, as well as those with all brown underparts.
Cinclus cinclus cashmeriensis Gould
Cinclus cashmeriensis Gould, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859,
p. 494 — Kashmir.
Himalayas, above 8,000 feet, from western Kashmir to Sikkim.
Cinclus cinclus przewalskii Bianchi
Cinclus przewalskivi Bianchi, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, p. 91
— Den-chu [Dre-chu], Upper Yangtze.
Cinclus cinclus beicki Meise, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36, p. 138 —
southern Tetung’sche mountains, northern Kansu.
Cinclus cinclus szetschwanensis Meise, 1928, Orn. Monatsb., 36,
p- 1389 — Taukan, Min River, Szechwan.
Southern Tibet southward in the Himalayas to Bhutan eastward
to Tsinghai, northern mountains of Kansu, northern Yunnan and
western Szechwan.
CINCLUS PALLASII
Brown Dipper
Cinclus pallasii tenuirostris Bonaparte
Cinclus tenuirostris Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Av., 1, p. 252 —
Central Asia ex Gould ms.
Cinclus tenuirostris korrejewi Zarudny, 1909, Orn. Monatsb., 17,
p. 19 — Semiretschje and Tschirtschik River.
Cinclus pallasii kargasiensis Koelz, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 52, p. 65 — Kargasi Pass, northeastern Afghanistan.
Mountains of southwestern Siberia in Kirgiz (Semirechensk) south-
ward through Tadzhik (eastern Turkestan), the Pamir and Tien
Shan ranges and northeastern Afghanistan, eastward through the
Himalayas to Sikkim.
Cinclus pallasii dorjei Kinnear
Cinclus pallasii dorjei Kinnear, 1937, Ibis, p. 263 — Sakden, E.
Bhutan, 9,000 feet.
Eastern Sikkim (where intergrades with tenwirostris); hills of
Assam, south of the Brahmaputra mountains of northern Burma
south to the Chin Hills, Shan States and northern Thailand.
378 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Cinclus pallasii pallasii Temminck
Cinclus Pallasii Temminck, 1820, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 1, p. 177 —
“Crimea” = Eastern Siberia fide Hartert, 1910.
Hydrobata marila Swinhoe, 1859, Journ. N. China Br. Roy. Asiat.
Soc., 1, no. 2, p. 227 — Formosa.
Cinclus pallasii Temm. var. souler Oustalet, 1892, Ann. Sci. Nat.
Zool., ser. 7, 12, p. 299 — Ta-tsien-lou and Mupin, Szechwan.
Cinclus kiborti Madarasz, 1903, Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Hungarici,
1, p. 559 — Jenissei bei Krasnojarsk, Siberia.
Cinclus pallasii wildert La Touche, 1925, Handb. Birds East
China, 1, pt. 2, p. 98 — Eastern Tombs, Chili.
Cinclus pallasit hondoensis Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn. Orient.,
1, p. 52 — Hondo, Japan.
Cinclus pallasvi sini Yen, 1933, Orn. Monatsb., p. 15 — To pung
Shan, Kweichow.
Cinclus pallasti undina Koelz, 1954, Contrib. Inst. Reg. Explor.,
no. 1, p. 12 — Bara Pani, Khasi Hills, India.
From Bhutan, southeastern Tibet eastward in the hills of China
(to timberline) in Kansu, Chili, Manchuria through Amurland,
Korea, the Kurile Islands, Sakhalin, the Japanese Islands; south-
ward to the hills of northern Assam and eastward to southern
Yunnan and Indo China; Formosa.
CINCLUS MEXICANUS
Mexican Dipper
Cinclus mexicanus unicolor Bonaparte
Cinclus unicolor Bonaparte, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 52, 53 (in
text) — Athepescow Lake = near source of Athebasca River,
fide Hellmayr.
Western North America from the Aleutian Islands and Alaska
southward in British Columbia, western and central Alberta, north-
ern Montana, southwestern South Dakota, Washington, Oregon,
California (to San Diego County), Nevada; mountains of Arizona
and southern New Mexico.
Cinclus mexicanus mexicanus Swainson
Cinclus mexicanus Swainson, 1827, Philos. Mag. (n.s.), 1, no. 5,
p- 368 — Temascaltepec, Mexico.
Highlands of Mexico in Sonora, Chihuahua southward to Michoa-
can, México State, Puebla, and Veracruz.
Cinclus mexicanus anthonyi Griscom
Cinclus mexicanus anthonyi Griscom, 1930, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 438, p. 7 — 45 miles east of Nenton, Guatemala.
Mountains of western Chiapas and Guatemala.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 379
Cinclus mexicanus ardesiacus Salvin
Cinclus ardesiacus Salvin, 1867, Ibis, p. 121 — Cordillera de Tole,
Veragua.
Mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama.
CINCLUS LEUCOCEPHALUS
Cinclus leucocephalus rivularis Bangs
Cinclus rivularis Bangs, 1899, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13,
p. 105 — Chirua (7,000 feet), Santa Marta Mts., Colombia.
Santa Marta Mountains of northern Colombia.
Cinclus leucocephalus leuconotus Sclater
Cinclus leuconotus Sclater, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1857,
p. 274 — Nova Grenada = Bogota, fide Hellmayr.
Mountains of western Venezuela in Lara, Trujillo, Mérida and
Tachira; Colombia (except Santa Marta Range); Ecuador.
Cinclus leucocephalus leucocephalus Tschudi
Cinclus leucocephalus Tschudi, 1844, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, p. 279
— Department of Junin, Peru.
Mountains of Peru and Bolivia in Departments of La Paz, Cocha-
bamba and Santa Cruz.
Cinclus leucocephalus schulzii Cabanis
Cinclus Schulzii Cabanis, 1882, Orn. Centralb., 7, p. 182-183; also
Journ. f. Orn., 1883, p. 102, pl. 2— Cerro Bayo, Tucuman.
Mountains of northwestern Argentina in Provinces of Tucuman
and Jujuy.
Famity TROGLODYTIDAE!
Raymonpd A. PAYNTER, Jr.
CHARLES VAURIE (Old World Troglodytes)
cf. Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, p. 473-674.
Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13,
pt. 7, p. 110-295.
Genus CAMPYLORHYNCHUS? Sprx
Campylorhynchus Spix, 1824, Av. Brasil., 1, p. 77. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, Opetiorhynchos turdinus Wied (G. R. Gray,
1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 25). (Not preoccupied by Campzyli-
rhynchus ““Mergerle’’, 1821.)
1 Ms. read by: Emmet R. Blake.
2 In reviewing this genus I have been greatly aided by Dr. Robert K.
Selander who generously provided me with an outline of the conclusions
in his forthcoming publication.
380 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Heleodytes Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 80. Type, by sub-
sequent designation, Furnarius griseus Swainson (G. R. Gray,
1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 26).
cf. Brodkorb, 1942, Condor, 49, p. 242-243 (C. zonatus in Middle
Amer.).
Selander,” in press, Univ. Calif. Pubs. Zool.
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS JOCOSUS
Campylorhynchus jocosus Sclater
Campylorhynchus jocosus Sclater, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
27, p. 371 — Oaxaca, Mexico. :
Mountains of south-central Mexico from the Distrito Federal
through Morelos, Guerrero and southern Puebla to western and
central Oaxaca.
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS GULARIS
Campylorhynchus gularis Sclater
Campylorhynchus gularis Sclater, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
28, p. 462 — Mexico; restricted to Bolafios, Jalisco, by Nelson,
1898, Auk, 15, p. 160.
Pacific slope of Mexico from north-central Sonora and south-
western Chihuahua south to Michoacan and western México, and
on the Atlantic slope from southwestern Tamaulipas south to
Querétaro and northern Hidalgo.
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS YUCATANICUS
Campylorhynchus yucatanicus (Hellmayr)
Heleodytes brunneicapillus yucatanicus Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus.
Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 150 — Rio Lagartos,
Yucatan, Mexico.
Coastal Yucatan, Mexico.
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS BRUNNEICAPILLUS
Cactus Wren
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus couesi Sharpe
Campylorhynchus couesi Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6,
p. 186 (in key), 196 — Laredo, Texas.
Southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah,
southern New Mexico, and western and southern Texas south in
Mexico to northern (lat. 30° 50’ N.) Baja California, northern So-
nora, northern Chihuahua, northern Coahuila, central Nuevo Leon,
and extreme northern Tamaulipas.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 381
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus bryanti (Anthony)
Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti Anthony, 1894, Auk, 11, p. 211,
212 — San Telmo, Baja California, Mexico.
San Quintin district (lat. 31° to 29° 30’ N.) on the west coast of
Baja California, Mexico.
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus purus (van Rossem)
Heleodytes brunneicapillus purus van Rossem, 1930, Trans. San
Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, p. 225 — Santa Agueda Reservoir, 11
miles south of Santa Rosalia (lat. 27° 20’ N.), Baja California,
Mexico.
Both coasts of central (lat. 29° to 25° N.) Baja California, Mexico.
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus seri (van Rossem)
Heleodytes brunneicapillus seri van Rossem, 1932, Trans. San
Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 188 — Isla Tiburén, Sonora, Mexico.
Isla Tiburon, Sonora, Mexico.
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus affinis Xantus
Campylorhynchus affinis Xantus, 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi-
ladelphia, 11, p.298—Cabo San Lucas, Baja California,
Mexico.
Southern (south of lat. 25° N.) Baja California, Mexico.
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus brunneicapillus (Lafres-
naye)
Picolaptes brunneicapillus Lafresnaye, 1835, Mag. Zool. (Paris), 5,
el. 2, [p. 23], pl. 47 — California, error = coast region of
southern Sonora, Mexico designated by Bangs, 1930, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 70, p. 313.
Central Sonora south to northwestern Sinaloa, Mexico.
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus guttatus (Gould)
Thryothorus guttatus Gould, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 4,
(1836), p. 89 — Mexico.
Central plateau of Mexico from southern Chihuahua, southern
Coahuila, southern Nuevo Leén, and central Tamaulipas south to
Michoacan, México, and Hidalgo.
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS GRISEUS
Campylorhynchus griseus chiapensis Salvin and Godman
Campylorhynchus chiapensis Salvin and Godman, 1891, Ibis, p. 609
— Tonala, Chiapas, Mexico.
Pacific slope of Chiapas, Mexico.
382 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Campylorhynchus griseus albicilius (Bonaparte)
Buglodytes albicilius Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci.
Paris, 38, p. 57 — Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.
Tropical zone of northern Colombia from Bolivar east through
Guajira and southward up the Rio Magdalena valley to about lat.
7°N. and tropical zone of northwestern Venezuela around Lago de
Maracaibo and east to northern Falcon and central Lara.
Campylorhynchus griseus bicolor (Pelzeln)
Heleodytes bicolor Pelzeln, 1875, Ibis, p. 330 — “Spanish Guiana”
[= ““Bogota’’, Colombia].
Upper Rio Magdalena valley and on the west slope of the Cor-
dillera Oriental in Santander and Boyaca, Colombia.
Campylorhynchus griseus minor (Cabanis)
Heleodytes minor Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 80 — Vene-
zuela; restricted to Cd. Bolivar, Bolivar, Venezuela by Phelps
and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cien. Nat., 12,
p- 225.
Lowlands of northern Venezuela from Apure and Cojedes to Mo-
nagas and Sucre, and south to northern Bolivar; Meta, Colombia
at the eastern base of the Cordillera Oriental.
?>Campylorhynchus griseus pallidus Phelps and Phelps, Jr.
Campylorhynchus griseus pallidus Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1947,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 60, p. 158 — Cafio Cantaniapo
(alt. 100 m.), Amazonas, Venezuela.
Known only from the type locality in extreme northeastern Ama-
zonas, Venezuela.
Campylorhynchus griseus griseus (Swainson)
Furnarius griseus Swainson, 1837, Anim. Menag., p. 325 — savan-
nas of Guiana.
Northern Amazonas and northwestern Bolivar, Venezuela and
adjacent British Guiana and extreme northern Amazonas (Rio
Branco), Brazil.
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS RUFINUCHA
Campylorhynchus rufinucha humilis Sclater
Campylorhynchus humilis Sclater, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi-
ladelphia, 8, p. 263 — ‘‘Mazatlan’’, [Sinaloa], error = Mexico.
Lowlands of the Pacific coast of Mexico from Colima to about
Mapastepec, Chiapas.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 383
Campylorhynchus rufinucha rufinucha (Lesson)
Picolaptes rufinucha Lesson, 1838, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., ser. 2,
9, p. 168 — Veracruz, Mexico.
Lowlands of southeastern Veracruz and adjacent northeastern
Oaxaca, Mexico.
Campylorhynchus rufinucha nigricaudatus (Nelson)
Heleodytes capistratus nigricaudatus Nelson, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 70
—San Benito, near Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
Eastern portion of the coast of Chiapas and the Pacific slope of
Guatemala.
Campylorhynchus rufinucha castaneus Ridgway!
Campylorhynchus castaneus Ridgway, 1888, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
10 (1887), p. 507 — Honduras.
Interior Guatemala through Honduras and Nicaragua, except
Pacific coast.
Campylorhynchus rufinucha capistratus (Lesson)
Picolaptes capistrata Lesson, 1842, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 5, p. 174 —
Realejo, Nicaragua.
El Salvador, Pacific coast of Nicaragua, and coast and lower slopes
of northwestern Costa Rica.
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS TURDINUS
Campylorhynchus turdinus albo-brunneus (Lawrence)
Heleodytes albo-brunneus Lawrence, 1862, Ibis, 4, p. 10 — Route
of Panama Railroad, near summit of Atlantic slope, Panama.
Panama, in the vicinity of the Canal Zone.
Campylorhynchus turdinus harterti (Berlepsch)
Heleodytes harterti Berlepsch, 1907, Ornis, 14, p. 347 — San José,
Rio Dagua, Valle, Colombia.
Panama, in Darien, and adjacent western Colombia, in Choco,
western Antioquia, and western Valle.
Campylorhynchus turdinus aenigmaticus de Schauensee
Campylorhynchus albo-brunneus aenigmaticus de Schauensee, 1948,
Not. Nat., Philadelphia, no. 209, p. 1 — La Guayacana (alt.
720 ft.), near El Diviso, Narifio, Colombia.
Known only from the type locality in southwestern Narifo, Co-
lombia.
1 Possibly not worthy of separation from C. r. capistratus.
384 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Campylorhynchus turdinus hypostictus Gould
Campylorhynchus hypostictus Gould, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, 23, p. 68 — Rio Ucayali, Peru.
Heleodytes turdinus chanchamayoensis Carriker!, 1933, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 85, p. 32 — San Juan de Perené, Junin,
Peru.
Amazon basin, from eastern Colombia through eastern Ecuador,
eastern Peru, and Brazil (south of the Amazon) to northern Bolivia.
Campylorhynchus turdinus turdinus (Wied)
Opetiorhynchos turdinus Wied, 1821, Reise Brasil., 2, p. 148 —
Rio Catolé, a tributary of the Rio Pardo, Bahia, Brazil.
East-central Brazil, from the interior of Maranhaio through
northern Goids, Bahia, and Espirito Santo.
Campylorhynchus turdinus unicolor Lafresnaye
Campylorhynchus unicolor Lafresnaye, 1846, Rev. Zool. (Paris),
9, p. 93 — Guarayos, Rio Heath, Guarayo, Bolivia.
Lowlands of eastern Bolivia and western Mato Grosso, Brazil.
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS NUCHALIS
Campylorhynchus nuchalis pardus Sclater
Campylorhynchus pardus Sclater, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
25, (1857), p. 271 — Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.
Tropical zone of northern Colombia from the Rio Sint, Bolivar,
east to Guajira and southward in the lower Rio Magdalena valley
to about lat. 8° N.
Campylorhynchus nuchalis brevipennis Lawrence
Campylorhynchus brevipennis Lawrence, 1866, Ann. Lyc. Nat.
Hist. New York, 8, p. 344 — Venezuela; restricted to Puerto
Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela by Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950,
Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cien. Nat., 12, p. 226.
Coastal region of northern Venezuela from Carabobo through
Miranda and southward on the plains of northern Guarico.
Campylorhynchus nuchalis nuchalis Cabanis
Campylorhynchus nuchalis Cabanis, 1847, Arch. f. Naturg., 13
(1), p. 206 — Cumana, Sucre, Venezuela.
Central Venezuela, from Apure, Barinas, and Portuguesa east-
ward through the central and southern plains of Guarico to northern
Anzoategui and Delta Amacuro, and south to northern Bolivar.
1 Possibly distinguishable.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 385
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS FASCIATUS
Campylorhynchus fasciatus pallescens Lafresnaye
Campylorhynchus pallescens Lafresnaye, 1846, Rev. Zool. (Paris),
9, p. 93 — “Mexico’’, error = southwestern Ecuador.
Southwestern Ecuador and adjacent northwestern Peru, in Tum-
bez, Piura, and Lambayeque.
Campylorhynchus fasciatus fasciatus (Swainson)
Furnarius fasciatus Swainson, 1837, Anim. Menag., p. 351 — Peru.
Drier parts of western Peru from the interior of Piura through
Cajamarca, Libertad, Ancash, and Huanuco, possibly to Lima.
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS ZONATUS
Campylorhynchus zonatus zonatus (Lesson)
Picolaptes zonatus Lesson, 1832, Cent. Zool., p. 210, pl. 70 —
“California’’, error = Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico substituted by
Brodkorb, 1942, Condor, 49, p. 242.
Eastern San Luis Potosi and northern Veracruz to northern Pue-
bla and central Veracruz, Mexico.
Campylorhynchus zonatus restrictus (Nelson)
Heleodytes zonatus restrictus Nelson, 1901, Auk, 18, p. 49 — Fron-
tera, Tabasco, Mexico.
Southern Veracruz, northern Oaxaca, northern Chiapas, Tabasco,
and extreme western Campeche, Mexico through Petén, Guatemala
and British Honduras.
Campylorhynchus zonatus vulcanius (Brodkorb)
Heleodytes zonatus vulcanius Brodkorb, 1940, Auk, 57, p. 547 —
Aguacaliente, Chiapas, Mexico.
Temperate and subtropical zones from Chiapas, Mexico through
Guatemala, Honduras, northwestern El Salvador, and Nicaragua.
Campylorhynchus zonatus costaricensis Berlepsch
Campylorhynchus zonatus costaricensis Berlepsch, 1888, Auk, 5,
p. 449 — Costa Rica.
Heleodytes zonatus panamensis Griscom, 1927, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 280, p. 12 — Santa Fe, Veraguas, Panama.
Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama.
?Campylorhynchus zonatus curvirostris Ridgway
Campylorhynchus curvirostris (ex Lafresnaye ms.) Ridgway, 1888,
Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 23, p. 385 — ‘““New Granada”.
Tropical zone at the base of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta,
Magdalena, Colombia.
386 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Campylorhynchus zonatus brevirostris Lafresnaye
Campylorhynchus brevirostris Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool. (Paris),
8, p. 339 — “Bogota”, Colombia.
Tropical and subtropical zones of northern Colombia from Atlan-
tico to the upper Rio Sint valley, Bolivar and in the Rio Magdalena
valley; coastal region of northwestern Ecudaor in Esmeraldas and
Manabi.
CAMPYLORHYNCHUS MEGALOPTERUS
Campylorhynchus megalopterus megalopterus Lafresnaye
Campylorhynchus megalopterus Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool. (Pa-
ris), 8, p. 339 — Mexico.
Coniferous forests of the Mexican Plateau in Michoacan, México,
Morelos, and western Puebla.
Campylorhynchus megalopterus nelsoni (Ridgway)
Heleodytes nelsoni Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
16, p. 111 — Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Mountains of southwestern Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genus ODONTORCHILUS RicHMonpD
Odontorchilus Richmond, 1915, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 28,
p. 180. New name for Odontorhynchus Pelzeln, 1868 (1867%),
preoccupied. Type, by monotypy, Odontorhynchus cinereus Pel-
zeln.
ODONTORCHILUS CINEREUS
Odontorchilus cinereus (Pelzeln)
Odontorhynchus cinereus Pelzeln, 1868 (18677), Orn. Brasil, 1,
(1868[’67]-1870), p. 67 — Salto do Girau, upper Rio Madeira,
Amazonas, Brazil.
Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Xingu west
to the upper Rio Madeira.
ODONTORCHILUS BRANICKII?
Odontorchilus branickii branickii (Taczanowski and Berlepsch)
Odontorhynchus branickit Taczanowski and Berlepsch, 1885, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 72, pl. 6 — Machay, Ambato, Tungura-
hua, Ecuador.
Tropical and subtropical zones of Huila, Colombia; Tungurahua,
Ecuador; and San Martin, Huanuco, Junin, and Cusco, Peru.
1 May prove to be conspecific with cinereus.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 387
?Odontorchilus branickii minor (Hartert)
Odontorhynchus branickii minor Hartert, 1900, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
11, p. 40 — Paramba (alt. 3,500 ft.), Imbabura, Ecuador.
Known only from the type locality in northern Ecuador.
Genus SALPINCTES CaBanis
Salpinctes Cabanis, 1847, Arch. Naturg., 13 (1), p. 323. Type, by
subsequent designation, T'roglodytes obsoletus Say (G. R. Gray,
1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 31).
Catherpes Baird, 1858, Rep. Pacific. R. R. Surv. 9, p. 356. Type,
by original designation, Thryothorus mexicanus Swainson.
SALPINCTES OBSOLETUS
Rock Wren
Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus (Say)
Troglodytes obsoleta Say, 1823, in Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., 2,
p. 4— near junction of Plum Creek and South Platte River,
Douglas County, Colorado.
Troglodytes latifasciatus Deppe, 1830, Preis-Verzeichn. Saéugeth.
Vog., Mexico gesam., p. 2, col. 2 — Distrito Federal, Mexico.
Salpinctes obsoletus notius Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 16, p. 168 — Tlalpam, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
Breeds north to interior southern British Columbia, southern
Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, east to western North
Dakota, western Kansas, western Texas, Coahuila, San Luis Potosi,
and southwestern Tamaulipas, west to the coast and nearby islands
(except in Washington, Oregon, and northern California where
does not breed west of the coast ranges), and south to Oaxaca,
Puebla, western Veracruz, and southwestern Tamaulipas. Winters
in breeding range from northern California, central Arizona, central
New Mexico, and southern Texas southward.
Salpinctes obsoletus guadeloupensis Ridgway
Salpinctes obsoletus guadelowpensis Ridgway, 1876, Bull. U. S.
Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 2, no. 2, p. 185 — Isla de Guadalupe,
Baja California, Mexico.
Isla de Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico.
Salpinctes obsoletus tenuirostris van Rossem
Salpinctes obsoletus tenuirostris van Rossem, 1943, Condor, 45,
p. 235 — West Isla San Benito, Baja California, Mexico.
Islas San Benito, Baja California, Mexico.
388 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Salpinctes obsoletus exsul Ridgway
Salpinctes obsoletus exsul Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton 16, p. 169 — Isla San Benedicto, Islas de Revillagigedo,
Colima, Mexico.
Restricted to Isla San Benedicto, Islas de Revillagigedo, Colima,
Mexico; probably extinct.
Salpinctes obsoletus neglectus Nelson
Salpinctes obsoletus neglectus Nelson, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 70 — Ha-
cienda Chancol (alt. 10,000 ft.), ca. 25 miles northeast of Hue-
huetenango, Huehuetenango, Guatemala.
Salpinctes obsoletus sollicitus Moore, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 54, p. 40 — Juncana (alt. 1,400 m.), Comitan, Chiapas,
Mexico.
Highlands from central Chiapas through Guatemala to central
Honduras.
Salpinctes obsoletus guttatus Salvin and Godman
Salpinctes guttatus Salvin and Godman, 1891, Ibis, p. 609 —Vol-
can de San Miguel (alt. ca. 4,000 ft.), El Salvador.
Salpinctes fasciatus Salvin and Godman, 1891, Ibis, p. 610 —Vol-
can El Viejo (alt. 6,500 ft.), Nicaragua.
Salpinctes obsoletus costaricensis van Rossem, 1941, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 54, p. 172 — Hacienda El Pelon (alt. 700 ft.),
Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
Highlands of El Salvador, south-central Honduras, Nicaragua
and Costa Rica.
SALPINCTES MEXICANUS
Canyon Wren
Salpinctes mexicanus conspersus (Ridgway)
Catherpes mexicanus var. conspersus Ridgway, 1873, Amer. Natur.,
7, p. 603 — near Fort Churchill, Lyon County, Nevada.
Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 5, p. 343 — Forest Hill, Placer County, California.
Catherpes mexicanus polioptilus Oberholser, 1903, Auk, 20, p. 197
— Deer Mountain, Chisos Mountains, Texas.
Catherpes mexicanus griseus Aldrich, 1946, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 59, p. 131 — Logy Creek, Yakima Indian Reservation,
Yakima County, Washington.
Resident from coastal southern and central California and interior
northern California through eastern Oregon and Washington, north
to interior southern British Columbia, east to Idaho, southwestern
Montana, Wyoming, southwestern South Dakota, Colorado, south-
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 389
western and extreme western Oklahoma, and central Texas, and
south to Pecos River, Texas, northern Chihuahua, northern Sonora,
and southern Baja California.
Salpinctes mexicanus albifrons (Giraud)
Certhia albifrons Giraud, 1841, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, p.[17],
pl. [8] — Texas [original reference not seen].
Southwestern Texas, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon; intergrading
with nominate form in central Tamaulipas.
Salpinctes mexicanus mexicanus (Swainson)
Thryothorus mexicanus Swainson, 1829, Zool. Ilustr., ser. 2, 1,
pl. [11] — Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Catherpes mexicanus meliphonus Oberholser, 1930, Sci. Pub. Cleve-
land Mus. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 95 — Alamos, Sonora, Mexico.
Southeastern Sonora, southern Chihuahua, Durango, San Luis
Potosi, Hidalgo, and central Veracruz through mountains and cen-
tral plateau to Oaxaca and southwestern Chiapas; intergrading with
S.m. conspersus in southeastern Sonora and southern Chihuahua.
Genus HYLORCHILUS Netson!}
Hylorchilus Nelson, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 71. Type, by original de-
signation, Catherpes sumichrasti Lawrence.
HYLORCHILUS SUMICHRASTI
Hylorchilus sumichrasti (Lawrence)
Catherpes sumichrasti Lawrence, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi-
ladelphia, p. 233 — Mato Bejuco, Veracruz, Mexico.
Central interior Veracruz and adjacent northern Oaxaca.
Genus CINNYCERTHIA Lesson
Cinnycerthia Lesson, 1844, Echo du Monde Savant, 11, 2nd ser.,
no. 8, col. 182 (not seen, fide Sherborn). Type, by monotypy,
Cinnycerthia cinnamomea Lesson = Limnornis unirufus Lafres-
naye.
CINNYCERTHIA UNIRUFA
Brown Wren
Cinnycerthia unirufa unirufa (Lafresnaye)
LIimnornis unirufus Lafresnaye, 1840, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 3, p. 105
— “Santa-Fé-de-Bogota’’, Colombia.
1 Probably congeneric with Salpinctes.
26
390 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Temperate region in northeastern Colombia from Cundinamarca
north to Magdalena, where probably intergrades with the next form
in the Sierra Perijaé, and in Tachira, Venezuela.
Cinnycerthia unirufa chakei Aveledo and Gines
Cinnycerthia unirufa chakei Aveledo and Gines, 1952, Nov. Cien.
(Mus. Hist. Nat. La Salle), zool. ser., no. 6, p. 7 — Rio Negro
(alt. 2,900 m.), on the Colombia-Venezuela border, Sierra de
Perijé, Zulia, Venezuela.
Temperate zone of the headwaters of the Rio Negro, Sierra de
Perijé, Zulia, Venezuela and in adjacent Colombia.
Cinnycerthia unirufa unibrunnea (Lafresnaye)
Limnornis ou Thryothorus unibrunneus Lafresnaye, 1853, Rev.
Mag. Zool. (Paris), ser. 2, 5, p. 59 — Phichincha, Ecuador.
Temperate and subtropical zone of the central Andes, and pos-
sibly the western Andes, of Colombia and the temperate zone of
Keuador.
CINNYCERTHIA PERUANA
Cinnycerthia peruana bogotensis (Matschie)
Presbys bogotensis Matschie, 1885, Journ. f. Orn., 33, p. 466 —
“Bogota”, Colombia.
Western slope of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia in temperate
and subtropical zones.
Cinnycerthia peruana olivascens Sharpe
Cinnicerthia [sic] olivascens Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
6, p. 184, pl. 11 — Santa Elena, Antioquia, Colombia.
Subtropical and temperate zones of the Central and Western
Andes of Colombia southward from Antioquia through eastern
Keuador.
Cinnycerthia peruana peruana (Cabanis)
Presbys peruanus Cabanis, 1873, Journ. f. Orn., 21, p. 317 — Ma-
raynioc, Junin, Peru.
Temperate zone of Junin, Peru.
Cinnycerthia peruana fulva (Sclater)
Thryophilus fulvus Sclater, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1873),
p. 781 — Huasampilla (alt. 10,000 ft.), Cusco, Peru.
Temperate zone of Cusco and Puno, southern Peru and of Cocha-
bamba and La Paz, northern Bolivia.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 391
Genus CISTOTHORUS CaBanis
Cistothorus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1 (1850), p. 77 (footnote).
Type, by subsequent designation, T'roglodytes stellaris Naumann
(G.R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 31).
Telmatodytes Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1 (1850), p. 78 (note).
Type, by subsequent designation, Certhia palustris Wilson.
CISTOTHORUS PLATENSIS
Short-billed Marsh Wren
Cistothorus platensis stellaris (Naumann)
Troglodytes stellaris Naumann, 1823, Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., 3,
table to p. 724 — Carolina.
Breeds from southwestern Saskatchewan eastward through south-
ern Manitoba, southern Ontario, and southern Quebec to Maine
and southeastern New Brunswick, and southward to central North
Dakota, eastern South Dakota, eastern Nabraska and Kansas, cen-
tral Missouri, southern Illinois, central Indiana, southern Ohio,
southern West Virginia, and Maryland; rarely in central Kentucky
and eastern Tennessee. Winters along the Atlantic coast from North
Carolina to southern Florida and along the Gulf coast from Florida
west to Tamaulipas and eastern San Luis Potosi.
Cistothorus platensis tinnulus Moore
Cistothorus platensis tinnulus Moore, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 54, p. 40 — Rancho La Cofradia (alt. ca. 5,200 ft.), 4
miles east of Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico.
Known only from the type specimen.
Cistothorus platensis elegans Sclater and Salvin
Cistothorus elegans Sclater and Salvin, 1859, Ibis, 1, p. 8 — Lago
de Duefias, Sacatepequez, Guatemala.
Moderate to high elevations in Veracruz and Chiapas, Mexico, in
the central highlands of Guatemala, and in the pine ridge region
of western British Honduras.
Cistothorus platensis lucidus Ridgway
Cistothorus polyglottus lucidus Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 16, p. 169 — Boquéte, Chiriqui, Panama.
Subtropical zone of southern Costa Rica and Chiriqui, western
Panama.
Cistothorus platensis alticola Salvin and Godman
Cistothorus alticola Salvin and Godman, 1883, Ibis, p. 204 —
Cerro Roraima, British Guiana [= Bolivar, Venezuela].
26*
392 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Moderate to high altitudes in the mountains of Santa Marta, Co-
lombia, the Andes of Mérida and Lara, along the northern coastal
range, and in southeastern Bolivar, Venezuela, and the eastern
mountains of British Guiana.
Cistothorus platensis tamae Cory
Cistothorus platensis tamae Cory, 1916, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn.
Ser., 1, p. 344 — El Paramo de Tama, Tachira, Venezuela.
Paramo zone of the Eastern Andes in Cundenamara and Norte
de Santander, Colombia and in Tachira, Venezuela.
Cistothorus platensis tolimae de Schauensee
Cistothorus platensis tolimae de Schauensee, 1946, Not. Nat., Phi-
ladelphia, no. 161, p. 2— Nevado de Tolima (alt. 12,000 ft.),
Tolima, Colombia.
Temperate and paramo zones of the northern part of the Central
Andes in Tolima and Caldas, Colombia.
Cistothorus platensis aequatorialis Lawrence
Cistothorus aequatorialis Lawrence, 1871, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.
New York, 10, p. 3 — Pichincha, Ecuador.
Subtropical and temperate zones of the central, and probably
western, Andes of Colombia from Cauca southward, in the paramo
zone of Ecuador, and in the temperate and puna zones of Peru,
south to central Kunin.
Cistothorus platensis graminicola Taczanowski
Cistothorus graminicola Taczanowski, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 130 — Maraynioc, Junin, Peru.
Puna zone from central Junin through Cuzco, Peru.
Cistothorus platensis minimus Carriker
Cistothorus platensis minimus Carriker, 1935, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, 87, p. 354 —- Oconeque (alt. 9,000 ft.), Puno,
Peru.
Known from two specimens from the type locality.
?Cistothorus platensis boliviae Bond and de Schauensee
Cistothorus platensis boliviae Bond and de Schauensee, 1941, Not.
Nat., Philadelphia, no. 93, p.6—Samaipata (alt. 5,500 ft.),
Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
Highlands of La Paz and Santa Clara, Bolivia; probably not
separable from C. p. minimus.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 393
Cistothorus platensis polyglottus (Vieillot)
Thryothorus polyglottus Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 34, p. 59 — Paraguay!, based on de Azara’s “Todo
Vox’.
Southeastern Brazil north to Goiaz and Minas Gerais, Paraguay,
and probably adjacent parts of Argentina and Uruguay.
Cistothorus platensis tucumanus Hartert and Venturi
Cistothorus platensis tucumanus Hartert and Venturi, 1909, Novit.
Zool., 16, p. 163 — Tucuman, Argentina.
From Jujuy south to Catamarca and Tucuman, Argentina.
Cistothorus platensis platensis (Latham)
Sylvia platensis Latham, 1790, Ind. Orn., 2, p. 548 — Buenos
Aires, Argentina; based on “Le Roitelet de Buénos-Ayres”’ of
Daubenton’s Planches Enlum., pl. 730, fig. 2.
Central and eastern Argentina from Mendoza, Cordoba, and Entre
Rios south to the Rio Colorado and the mouth of the Rio Negro.
Cistothorus platensis hornensis (Lesson)
Troglodytes hornensis Lesson, 1834, L’Institut (Paris), 2, no. 72,
p- 316 — “at sea twenty leagues southeast of Cape Horn’.
Coquimbo, Chile and Neuquén, Argentina south through Tierra
del Fuego.
Cistothorus platensis falklandicus Chapman
Cistothorus platensis falklandicus Chapman, 1934, Amer. Mus. No-
vit., no. 672, p. 7 — Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands.
Falkland Islands.
CISTOTHORUS MERIDAE
Cistothorus meridae Hellmayr
Cistothorus platensis meridae Hellmayr, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL.,
19, p. 74 — El Loro (alt. 3,000 m.), Mérida, Venezuela.
Paramo zone of Trujillo and Mérida, Venezuela.
CISTOTHORUS APOLINARI
Cistothorus apolinari Chapman
Cistothorus apolinari Chapman, 1914, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
33, p. 635 — Suba Marshes [= Tibabuyes] (alt. 8,600 ft.), 4 mi.
[north] from Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
Known only from the temperate zone marshes near Suba, Bogota,
Colombia.
1 cf. Hellmayr, op. cit., p. 255.
394 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
CISTOTHORUS PALUSTRIS
Long-billed Marsh Wren
Cistothorus palustris palustris (Wilson)
Certhia palustris Wilson, 1807, Amer. Orn., 2, p. 58, pl. 12, fig. 4
—borders of the Schuylkill and Delaware [Rivers, Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania].
Cistothorus (Telmatodytes) palustris dissaéptus Bangs, 1902, Auk,
19, p. 352 — Wayland, Massachusetts.
Breeds east of the Appalachians from New Brunswick south to
Virginia; winters from New Jersey to southern Florida and Loui-
siana.
Cistothorus palustris waynei (Dingle and Sprunt)
Telmatodytes palustris waynei Dingle and Sprunt, 1932, Auk, 49,
p. 454 — Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.
Breeds in coastal marshes of southern Virginia and in North Caro-
lina; winters in breeding range and south to Georgia.
Cistothorus palustris griseus Brewster
Cistothorus palustris griseus Brewster, 1893, Auk, 10, p. 216 —
Sapelo Island, Georgia.
Resident on Atlantic coast from central South Carolina to central
Florida.
Cistothorus palustris marianae Scott
Cistothorus marianae Scott, 1888, Auk, 5, p.188 — Tarpon Springs,
Florida.
Resident in the coastal marshes from Alabama to southwestern
Florida.
Cistothorus palustris thryophilus (Oberholser)
Telmatodytes palustris thryophilus Oberholser, 1903, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 19, p. 149 — Sabine, Texas.
Resident along the coast from Mississippi to southern Texas.
Cistothorus palustris iliacus Ridgway
Oistothorus palustris iliacus Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 16, p. 110 —Wheatland, Knox County, Indiana.
Breeds from southern Manitoba, southern Ontario, and south-
western Quebec, east to the Appalachians, west to North Dakota
and eastern Kansas, and southward through the central Mississippi
Valley to Missouri, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, Ohio, and
northwestern Pennsylvania. Winters in breeding range, except
extreme northern part, southward to Gulf Coast from Texas to
Florida.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 395
Cistothorus palustris laingi (Harper)
Telmatodytes palustris laingi Harper, 1926, Occ. Papers Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 221 — Athabasca Delta, Main Branch
(9 miles above mouth), Alberta, Canada.
Breeds from central Alberta and central Saskatchewan south to
central and eastern Montana. Winters south in Coahuila, Tamauli-
pas, Zacatecas, Jalisco, Michoacan, México, and Veracruz, Mexico;
winter range imperfectly known owing to confusion with other races.
Cistothorus palustris plesius Oberholser
Cistothorus palustris plesius Oberholser, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 188 —
Fort Wingate, New Mexico.
Talmatodytes [sic] palustris pulverius Aldrich, 1946, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 59, p. 130 — Sprague, Lincoln County, Wash-
ington.
Breeds from central British Columbia and western Montana
through the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin south to central
eastern California, central Nevada, central Arizona, central New
Mexico, and western Texas. Winters in breeding range and south
to Baja California, Michoacan, México, and Veracruz, Mexico.
Cistothorus palustris paludicola Baird
Cistothorus palustris var. paludicola Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds,
1, (1864-1873), p. 148 — Shoalwater Bay, Washington.
Coastal marshes from southern British Columbia south to south-
ern California; rare winterer in Baja California and northwestern
Sonora, Mexico.
Cistothorus palustris aestuarinus (Swarth)
Telmatodytes palustris aestuarinus Swarth, 1917, Auk, 34, p. 310
— Grizzly Island, Solano County, California.
Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Imperial valleys of California and
the Colorado River valley in southern Nevada, southwestern Cali-
fornia, southwestern Arizona, northern Baja California, and north-
western Sonora. Winters in breeding range and west to coastal
California.
Cistothorus palustris tolucensis (Nelson)
Telmatodytes palustris tolucensis Nelson, 1904, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 17, p. 152 — Lerma, México, Mexico.
Known only from the type locality on the Rio Lerma, México,
Mexico.
Genus THRYOMANES Sc.aTER
Thryomanes Sclater, 1862, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 22. Type,
by monotypy, T'roglodytes bewickii Audubon.
396 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
THRYOMANES BEWICKII
Bewick’s Wren
Thryomanes bewickii bewickii (Audubon)
Troglodytes bewickit Audubon, 1827, Birds America (folio), 1, pl.18
— Five miles from St. Francisville, Louisiana.
Breeds from southeastern Iowa, southern Wisconsin, southern
Michigan, and Ohio east to the Appalachians, south to northern
Mississippi and northern Arkansas, and west to northern and eastern
Kansas and southeastern Nebraska. Winters in breeding range and
south to eastern Texas and western Florida.
Thryomanes bewickii altus Aldrich
Thryomanes bewickii altus Aldrich, 1944, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool.
Louisiana State Univ., no. 18, p. 307 — seven miles east of
Philippi (alt. 1,750 ft.), Barbour County, West Virginia.
Breeds in the Appalachians from southern Ohio, central Pennsy]l-
vania, and Virginia south to Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina.
Winters through breeding range and casually south to Florida and
Louisiana.
Thryomanes bewickii cryptus Oberholser
Thryomanes bewickii cryptus Oberholser, 1898, Proc. U. 8S. Nat.
Mus., 21, p. 425 — San Antonio, Texas.
Thryomanes bewicki niceae Sutton, 1934, Auk, 51, p. 217 — Ken-
ton, Cimarron County, Oklahoma.
Western and southern Kansas and Oklahoma through all but
westernmost Texas to northern Nuevo Leon and northern Tamau-
lipas, Mexico.
Thryomanes bewickii eremophilus Oberholser
Thryomanes bewickii eremophilus Oberholser, 1898, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 21, p. 427 — Big Hatchet Mountains, Grant County,
New Mexico.
Resident in the mountains of southeastern California, southern
Nevada, southern Utah, southwestern Wyoming, and Colorado south
to northern Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas, and southern
Coahuila, Mexico.
Thryomanes bewickii calophonus Oberholser
Thryomanes bewickii calophonus Oberholser, 1898, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 21, p. 400 — South Park, King County, Washington.
Thryomanes bewickii ariborius Oberholser, 1920, Wilson Bull., 32,
p. 25 — Agassiz, British Columbia.
Thryomanes bewickii hurley: Jewett, 1944, Auk, 61, p. 288 — Par-
ker, Yakima County, Washington.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 397
Southwestern British Columbia through western Washington and
western Oregon.
Thryomanes bewickii drymoecus Oberholser
Thryomanes bewickit drymoecus Oberholser, 1898, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 21, p. 437 — Baird, California.
Central southwestern Oregon through the Sacramento Valley and
the northern half of the San Joaquin Valley, California.
Thryomanes bewickii marinensis Grinnell
Thryomanes bewicki marinensis Grinnell, 1910, Univ. California
Publ. Zool., 5, p. 307 — Nicasio, Marin County, California.
Coastal belt of California from Del Norte County south through
Marin County.
Thryomanes bewickii atrestus Oberholser
Thryomanes bewickw atrestus Oberholser, 1932, Sci. Publ. Cleve-
land Mus. Nat. Hist., 4, p.8— Twenty Mile Creek, Warner
Valley, 9 miles south of Adel, Oregon.
Northeastern California, central-southern Oregon, and western
Nevada.
Thryomanes bewickii spilurus (Vigors)
Troglodytes spilurus Vigors, 1839, in Zool. Beechey’s Voy., p. 18,
pl. 4, fig. 1 — no locality [prob. near San Francisco, California].
Central-western California in the coastal belt from San Francisco
southward through Santa Cruz County.
Thryomanes bewickii correctus Grinnell
Thryomanes bewickii correctus Grinnell, 1928, Condor, 30, p. 154
— Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California.
Southwestern California from Monterey and San Benito Counties
south to the Mexican border and west to the western slopes of the
Sierra Nevada.
Thryomanes bewickii nesophilus Oberholser
Thryomanes bewickii nesophilus Oberholser, 1898, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 21, p. 442 — Santa Cruz Island, California.
Santa Cruz islands off southern California; on Santa Cruz, Santa
Rosa, and Anacapa Islands, and probably on Santa Barbara and
San Nicolas Islands.
Thryomanes bewickii catalinae Grinnell
Thryomanes bewicki catalinae Grinnell, 1910, Univ. California Publ.
Zool., 5, p. 308 — Avalon, Santa Catalina Island.
Santa Catalina Island off southern California.
398 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Thryomanes bewickii leucophrys (Anthony)
Thryothorus leucophrys Anthony, 1895, Auk, 12, p. 52 — San Cle-
mente Island, California.
San Clemente Island off southern California.
Thryomanes bewickii charienturus Oberholser
Thryomanes bewickii charienturus Oberholser, 1898, Proc. U. 8.
Nat. Mus., 21, p. 435 — Nachoguero, Baja California, Mexico.
Northwestern Baja California, Mexico from the international bor-
der south to about lat. 30° N.
Thryomanes bewickii cerroensis (Anthony)
Thryothorus cerroensis Anthony, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 166 — Isla de
Cedros (‘‘Cerros Island’’), Baja California, Mexico.
Thryomanes bewickii atricauda Huey, 1942, Trans. San Diego Soc.
Nat. Hist., 9, p.429—San Borjas Mission (lat. 28° 52’ N.,
long. 113° 53’ W.), Baja California, Mexico.
Western-central Baja California from lat. 30° N. to lat. 26° N.,
and Isla de Cedros.
Thryomanes bewickii brevicauda Ridgway
Thryomanes brevicauda Ridgway, 1876, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr.
Surv. Terr., 2, p. 186 — Isla de Guadalupe, Baja California,
Mexico.
Isla de Guadalupe, Baja California, Mexico; extinct.
Thryomanes bewickii magdalenensis Huey
Thryomanes bewickii magdalenensis Huey, 1942, Trans. San Diego
Soc. Nat. Hist., 9, p. 430 — Santo Domingo (lat. 28° 15’ N.),
Llano de Magdalena, Baja California, Mexico.
Southwestern Baja California, on plains bordering the Bajia de
Magdalena, from lat. 26° N. to lat. 24° N.
Thryomanes bewickii murinus (Hartlaub)
Thryothorus murinus Hartlaub, 1852, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris),
ser. 2, 4, p. 4— Rio Frio, México, Mexico.
Thryomanes bewickii percnus Oberholser, 1898, Proc. U. 8S. Nat.
Mus., 21, p. 429 — Etzatlan, Jalisco, Mexico.
Central Plateau of Mexico from southern Zacatecas, southern
Nuevo Leon, and southern Tamaulipas south to Jalisco, Michoacan,
Morelos, and Tlaxcala.
Thryomanes bewickii mexicanus (Deppe)
Troglodytes mexicanus Deppe, 1830, Preis-Verzeichn. Saugeth.
Vog., Mexico gesam., p. 2, col. 1 — Veracruz, Mexico.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 399
Thryothorus bairdi Salvin and Godman, 1880, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Aves, 1, p. 95 — Oaxaca, Mexico.
Southeastern part of the Central Plateau of Mexico in southern
Puebla, western Veracruz, and Oaxaca.
THRYOMANES SISSONII
Thryomanes sissonii (Grayson)
Thyrothorus sissonii Grayson, 1868, California Farmer Journ.
Useful Sci., 29, p.7— Isla Socorro, Islas de Revillagigedo,
Colima, Mexico.
Troglodytes insularis (Baird ms) Lawrence, 1871, Ann. Lyc. Nat.
Hist. New York, 10, p. 3 — Isla Socorro, Islas de Revillagigedo,
Colima, Mexico.
Isla Socorro, Islas de Revillagigedo, Colima, Mexico.
GENUS FERMINIA Barspour
Ferminia Barbour, 1926, Proc. New England Zool. Cl., 9, p. 74.
Type, by original designation, Ferminia cerverai Barbour.
FERMINIA CERVERAI
Ferminia cerverai Barbour
Ferminia cerverai Barbour, 1926, Proc. New England Zool. CL.,
9, p. 74 — Santo Tomas, Ciénaga de Zapata, Las Villas, Cuba.
Restricted to the Ciénaga de Zapata, Las Villas, Cuba.
GENUS THRYOTHORUS VIrerLior
Thriothorus Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 45 (corrected to Thryotho-
rus, p. 70). Type, by monotypy, “Troglodyte des roseaux”’,
Vieillot, Ois. Amér. Sept. = T'roglodytes arundinaceus Vieillot =
Sylvia ludoviciana Latham.
cf. Brodkorb, 1942, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no.
459, p. 1-19 (7. pleurostictus).
THRYOTHORUS ATROGULARIS
Thryothorus atrogularis atrogularis Salvin
Thryothorus atrogularis Salvin, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p- 580 — Tucurrique, Costa Rica.
Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua, Costa Rica and extreme western
Panama.
Thryothorus atrogularis xerampelinus (Griscom)
Pheugopedius spadix xerampelinus Griscom, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 69, p. 182 — Cana, Darien, Panama.
Pacific slope of eastern Darien, Panama.
400 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Thryothorus atrogularis spadix (Bangs)
Pheugopedius spadix Bangs, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
23, p. 74 — Naranjito, Rio Dagua, Valle, Colombia.
Subtropical and tropical zones on the Pacific slope of Caldas,
Valle, and Cauca, Colombia.
THRYOTHORUS FASCIATO-VENTRIS
Thryothorus fasciato-ventris melanogaster Sharpe
Thryothorus melanogaster Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6,
p. 230, pl. 14, fig. 2— Bugaba, Chiriqui, Panama.
Pacific lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica and Chiriqui and
Veraguas, Panama.
Thryothorus fasciato-ventris albigularis (Sclater)
Cyphorinus albigularis Sclater, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 23,
p. 76, pl. 88 — Isthmus of Panama.
Panama, from the Canal Zone eastward, and Colombia, in Choco
south to the upper Rio San Juan.
Thryothorus fasciato-ventris fasciato-ventris Lafresnaye
Thriothorus [sic] fasciato-ventris Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool.
(Paris), 8, p. 337 — ““Bogota’’, Colombia.
Tropical zone of northern Colombia from the western base of the
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta west to the lower Rio Sint and south
to the lower Rio Cauca and middle Rio Magdalena valleys.
THRYOTHORUS EUOPHRYS
Thryothorus euophrys euophrys Sclater
Thryothorus euophrys Sclater, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 28,
p. 74 — Lloa, a few miles south of Quito, on the side of Pichin-
cha, Pichincha, Ecuador.
Ecuador, in the humid temperate zone on the western slope of
the Andes.
Thryothorus euophrys longipes Allen
Thryothorus longipes Allen, 1889, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2,
p. 188 — “‘“Ambato” [= Bafios?], Tungurahua, Ecuador.
Ecuador, in the humid temperate zone on the eastern slope of
the Andes.
Thryothorus euophrys atriceps (Chapman)
Pheugopedius atriceps Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit., no.138,
p. 13 — Chaupe (alt. 6,100 ft.), Piura, Peru.
Known only from the type specimen from the subtropical zone
northeast of Huancabamba, Piura, Peru.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 401
THRYOTHORUS GENIBARBIS
Thryothorus genibarbis macrurus Allen
Thryothorus genibarbis macrurus Allen, 1889, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 2, p. 137 — vicinity of Bogota, Colombia.
Subtropical zone of Colombia on the east slope of the Cordillera
Central and on the west slope of the Cordillera Oriental.
Thryothorus genibarbis amaurogaster (Chapman)
Pheugopedius mystacalis amaurogaster Chapman, 1914, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, p. 179 — Buena vista (alt. 4,500 ft.), above
Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia.
Eastern Colombia in the subtropical zone on the east slope of the
Cordillera Oriental from Norte de Santander to Meta and also on
the west slope in Norte de Santander.
Thryothorus genibarbis saltuensis (Bangs)
Pheugopedius mystacalis saltuensis Bangs, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 23, p.74—San Luis, Valle de Bitaco, Valle,
Colombia.
Western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia from
Choco through Cauca.
Thryothorus genibarbis yananchae de Schauensee
Thryothorus genibarbis yananchae de Schauensee, 1951, Not. Nat.,
Philadelphia, no. 232, p. 5 — Yanancha (alt. 1,500 m.), Narifio,
Colombia.
Known only from the upper tropical zone of the valley of the
Rio Guaitara of interior Narifio, Colombia.
Thryothorus genibarbis consobrinus Madarasz
Thryothorus consobrinus Madarasz, 1904, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hun-
garici, 2, p. 115 — Mérida, Venezuela.
Northern Venezuela in the Sierra de Perija, Zulia and the Andes
of Lara and Mérida.
Thryothorus genibarbis ruficaudatus Berlepsch
Thryothorus ruficaudatus Berlepsch, 1883, Ibis, p. 491 — “‘Puerto
Cabello”, Carabobo, Venezuela.
Northern Venezuela in the coastal mountains from Carabobo to
the Distrito Federal and in the mountains of the interior in Aragua
and Miranda.
Thryothorus genibarbis tachirensis Phelps and Gilliard
Thryothorus mystacalis tachirensis Phelps and Gilliard, 1941, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1153, p. 9 — Villa Paez (alt. 2,060 m.), Paramo
Tama region, Tachira, Venezuela.
402 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Subtropical zone in the Andes of Tachira and their foothills in
Barinas, Venezuela.
Thryothorus genibarbis mystacalis Sclater
Thryothorus mystacalis Sclater, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 28,
p. 64 — Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.
Tropical and subtropical zones in the Andes of Ecuador.
Thryothorus genibarbis genibarbis Swainson
Thryothorus genibarbis Swainson, 1837, Anim. in Menag., p. 322 —
Brazil; restricted to Bahia by Hellmayr, 1905, Novit. Zool., 12,
p- 271.
Northern and north-central Brazil, north to the Amazon, east to
the right bank of the Rio Madeira, and south through Para, eastern
Minas Gerais, and northern Rio de Janeiro.
Thryothorus genibarbis juruanus Ihering
Thryothorus genibarbis juruanus Ihering, 1905, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
6, (1904), p. 431 — Rio Jurua, Amazonas, Brazil.
Western Brazil and northeastern Bolivia from the Amazon east
to the left bank on the Rio Madeira, west to the Rio Jurua, and
south to northern Beni, Bolivia.
Thryothorus genibarbis intercedens Hellmayr
Thryothorus genibarbis intercedens Hellmayr, 1908, Novit. Zool.,
15, p. 17 — Rio Tesouras (alt. 600 m.), a tributary of the Rio
Araguaia north of Cid. de Goias, Goias, Brazil.
Central Brazil in Goids and Mato Grosso.
Thryothorus genibarbis bolivianus (Todd)
Pheugopedius genibarbis bolivianus Todd, 1913, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 26, p. 170 — “Provence del Sara” [= Provincia
Gutiérrez], Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
Lowlands and foothills of La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz,
Bolivia.
THRYOTHORUS CORAYA
Thryothorus coraya obscurus Zimmer and Phelps
Thryothorus coraya obscurus Zimmer and Phelps, 1947, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1338, p. 6 — Cerro Auyan-tepui (alt. 1,100 m.),
Bolivar, Venezuela.
Subtropical zone on Cerro Auyan-tepui, Bolivar, Venezuela.
Thryothorus coraya caurensis Berlepsch and Hartert
Thryothorus griseipectus caurensis Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902,
Novit. Zool., 9, p.7—[Rio] Nichare, Rio Caura, Bolivar,
Venezuela.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 403
Along the Rio Negro in extreme eastern Colombia, in Amazonas
and Bolivar (except southeast), Venezuela, and at the headwaters
of the Rio Padauiri in northernmost Amazonas, Brazil.
Thryothorus coraya ridgwayi Berlepsch
Thryothorus ridgwayi Berlepsch, 1889, Journ. f. Orn., 37, p. 293 —
Bartica Grove, British Guiana.
On the mountains of the Gran Sabana of southeastern Bolivar,
Venezuela and in adjacent western British Guiana.
Thryothorus coraya coraya (Gmelin)
Turdus coraya Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 825 — Cayenne,
French Guiana; based on “‘Le Coraya”’ of Buffon and Dauben-
ton, Planches Enl., pl. 701, fig. 1.
Eastern British Guiana, French Guiana, Surinam, and northern
Brazil, south to the left bank of the Amazon and west to the mouth
of the Rio Negro.
Thryothorus coraya herberti Ridgway
Thryothorus herberti Ridgway (ex Riker ms), 1888, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 10 (1887), p. 516 — Diamantina, near Santarém,
Rio Tapajos, Para, Brazil.
Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon from the Rio Tocantins
west to the right bank of the Rio Tapajos.
Thryothorus coraya griseipectus Sharpe
Thryothorus griseipectus Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6,
p. 236, pl. 15, fig. 2— Nauta, North Bank of Rio Marajfion,
Loreto, Peru.
Putumayo and Amazonas, Colombia; lowlands of Napo-Pastaza,
Ecuador; extreme northwestern Amazonas (north of the Amazon),
Brazil; northern Loreto (north of the Rio Marafion), Peru.
Thryothorus coraya amazonicus Sharpe
Thryothorus amazonicus Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Brit. Mus., 6, p. 235,
pl. 15, fig. 1 — Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali, Loreto, Peru.
Lowlands of eastern Peru in Loreto, south of the Rio Marafién,
and Huanuco.
Thryothorus coraya albiventris Taczanowski
Thryothorus albiventris Taczanowski, 1882, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, p. 5 — Chirimoto, San Martin, Peru.
Lower elevations in San Martin, Peru.
Thryothorus coraya cantator Taczanowski
Thryothorus cantator Taczanowski, 1874, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 130 — Amable Maria, Montafia de Vitoc, Junin, Peru.
Moderate elevations in Junin, Peru.
404 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
THRYOTHORUS FELIX
Thryothorus felix sonorae (van Rossem)
Pheugopedius felix sonorae van Rossem, 1930, Trans. San Diego
Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, p. 208 — Guirocoba (lat. 26° 58’, long. 110°
52’), Sonora, Mexico.
Southern Sonora and northern Sinaloa, Mexico.
Thryothorus felix pallidus Nelson
Thryothorus felix pallidus Nelson, 1899, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 13, p. 29 — Chacala, Durango, Mexico.
Coastal plain and slopes from central Sinaloa and extreme western
Durango through Nayarit and Jalisco to northwestern Michoacan.
Thryothorus felix lawrencii Ridgway
Thryothorus felix B lawrencti Ridgway, 1878, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL,
3, p. 10 — Las Tres Marias, off Nayarit, Mexico.
Isla Maria Madre, Las Tres Marias, off Nayarit, Mexico.
Thryothorus felix magdalenae Nelson
Thryothorus lawrenciit magdalenae Nelson, 1898, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 12, p. 11 — Isla Maria Magdalena, Las Tres Ma-
rias, off Nayarit, Mexico.
Isla Maria Magdalena, Las Tres Marias, off Nayarit, Mexico.
Thryothorus felix felix Sclater
Thryothorus felix Sclater, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 27, p. 371
— Juquila (Santa Catarina), Oaxaca, Mexico.
Deciduous forest and scrub from southeastern Jalisco (intergrad-
ing with 7’. f. pallidus) through Michoacan (except northwest),
Guerrero, and western Oaxaca, Mexico.
Thryothorus felix grandis Nelson
Thryothorus felix grandis Nelson, 1900, Auk, 17, p. 269 — Yau-
tepec, Morelos, Mexico.
Upper Rio Balsas drainage basin from southern México through
Morelos, southwestern Puebla, and extreme northern Guerrero,
Mexico.
THRYOTHORUS MACULIPECTUS!
Thryothorus maculipectus microstictus (Griscom)
Pheugopedius maculipectus microstictus Griscom, 1930, Proc. New
England Zool. Cl., 12, p. 5 — Santa Leonor, west of Cd. Vic-
toria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
1 Possibly conspecific with 7’. rutilus (vide Hellmayr, op. cit. p. 209).
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 405
Coastal plain of northeastern Mexico from eastern Nuevo Leon
and central Tamaulipas to eastern San Luis Potosi and extreme
northern Veracruz.
Thryothorus maculipectus maculipectus Lafresnaye
Thriothorus [sic] maculipectus Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool. (Paris),
8, p. 338 — Mexico; restricted to Veracruz by Griscom, 1930,
Proc. New England Zool. Cl., 12, p. 5.
Slopes and coastal plain of eastern Mexico in Veracruz, eastern
Puebla, and adjacent northern Oaxaca.
Thryothorus maculipectus umbrinus Ridgway
Thryothorus maculipectus umbrinus Ridgway, 1887, Man. N.Amer.
Birds, p. 552 — [Verapaz], Guatemala.
Pheugopedius maculipectus varians Griscom, 1930, Proc. New
England Zool. Cl., 12, p. 7 — San José, Sacatepequez, Guate-
mala.
Pheugopedius maculipectus petersi Griscom, 1930, Proc. New Eng-
land Zool. Cl., 12, p. 7 — Lancetilla, Yoro, Honduras.
Lowlands and slopes from northeastern Oaxaca, Tabasco, and
Chiapas, Mexico through southern British Honduras, Guatemala
(except Petén), Honduras, El Salvador, and the Caribbean slope of
Nicaragua.
Thryothorus maculipectus canobrunneus Ridgway
Thryothorus maculipectus canobrunneus Ridgway, 1887, Man. N.
Amer. Birds, p. 552 — Temax, Yucatan, Mexico.
Yucatan, Campeche, and Quintana Roo, Mexico; Petén, Guate-
mala; and northern British Honduras.
THRYOTHORUS RUTILUS
Thryothorus rutilus hyperythrus Salvin and Godman
Thryothorus hyperythrus Salvin and Godman, 1880, Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Aves, 1, p. 91 — Paraiso Station, Panama Railway,
Panama.
Pacific slope of Costa Rica and of western Panama, east to the
Rio Chepo, Darien.
Thryothorus rutilus tobagensis (Hellmayr)
Pheugopedius rutilus tobagensis Hellmayr, 1921, Anz. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 1, no. 4, p. 27 — Man of War Bay, Tobago, British
West Indies.
Tobago, British West Indies.
27
406 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Thryothorus rutilus rutilus Vieillot
Thryothorus rutilus Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 34, p. 55 — “l’Amérique septentrionale”’; restricted to Tri-
nidad, British West Indies by Hellmayr, 1906, Novit. Zool.,
13, p: 6:
Trinidad; the mountains of northern Venezuela from Sucre and
Monagas west to Falcén and southward through most of Lara, the
plains of Portuguesa and the base of the Andes in Barinas and
Tachira; probably adjacent Norte de Santander, Colombia.
Thryothorus rutilus intensus (Todd)
Pheugopedius rutilus intensus Todd, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 45, p. 10 — La Azulita, Mérida, Venezuela.
Northwestern Venezuela in the Andes rimming the Lago de Ma-
racaibo region, in Trujillo, Mérida, and northern Tachira.
Thryothorus rutilus laetus Bangs
Thryothorus laetus Bangs, 1898, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12,
p- 160 — Pueblo Viejo (alt. 8,000 ft.), Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.
Northern Colombia, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta, Magdalena, and in the adjacent Sierra de Perija, north-
western Zulia, Venezuela.
Thryothorus rutilus interior (Todd)
Pheugopedius rutilus interior Todd, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 45, p. 9 — El Cauca, “Santander” [error; Magdalena],
Colombia.
Southern Magdalena, Colombia on the west slope of the Cordil-
lera Oriental.
Thryothorus rutilus hypospodius Salvin and Godman
Thryothorus hypospodius Salvin and Godman, 1880, Biol. Centr.-
Amer., 1, p. 92 — “Bogota’’, Colombia.
Eastern slope of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia from Boyaca
through Meta.
Thryothorus rutilus columbianus (Chapman)
Pheugopedius sclateri columbianus Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 138, p. 14 — Miraflores, Valle, Colombia.
Known only from Valle in the central Andes of Colombia and
questionably from the west slope of the eastern Andes near Bogota.
Thryothorus rutilus paucimaculatus Sharpe
Thryothorus paucimaculatus Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.,
6, p. 238 — Balzar, Guayas, Ecuador.
Tropical zone of western Ecuador, from Guayas southward, and
in Piura, northwestern Peru.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 407
Thryothorus rutilus sclateri Taczanowski
Thryothorus sclateri Taczanowski, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 22 — Guajango, Rio Marafion, Cajamarca, Peru.
Tropical zone of the valley of the Rio Marafion and its tributaries,
Cajamarca, Peru.
THRYOTHORUS NIGRICAPILLUS
Thryothorus nigricapillus costaricensis (Sharpe)
Thryophilus costaricensis Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6,
p- 217 — Costa Rica.
Caribbean lowlands and lower slopes of eastern Nicaragua, Costa
Rica, and adjacent northwestern Chiriqui, Panama.
Thryothorus nigricapillus semibadius Salvin
Thryothorus semibadius Salvin, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 181 — Bugaba, Chiriqui, Panama.
Pacific lowlands and lower slopes of southwestern Costa Rica and
adjacent southwestern Chiriqui, Panama.
Thryothorus nigricapillus castaneus Lawrence
Thryothorus castaneus Lawrence, 1861, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New
York, 7, p. 321 — Loma del Leon, Panama.
Panama from Veraguas east to the Canal Zone and adjacent Darien.
Thryothorus nigricapillus schottii (Baird)
Thryophilus schottit Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1 (1864-1873),
p- 1383 — Rio Truando, Choc6, Colombia.
Pacific slope of eastern Darien, Panama and adjacent Colombia
through the Rio San Juan and Rio Atrato valleys south to the Rio
Dagua, Valle.
Thryothorus nigricapillus reditus (Griscom)
Thryophilus nigricapillus reditus Griscom, 1932, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 72, p. 358 — Permé, Darien, Panama.
Caribbean slope of extreme eastern Darien, Panama.
Thryothorus nigricapillus connectens (Chapman)
Thryophilus nigricapillus connectens Chapman, 1912, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, p. 157 — Cocal (alt. 5,000 ft.), Cauca, Co-
lombia.
Southwestern! Colombia in Cauca and Narifio.
Thryothorus nigricapillus nigricapillus Sclater
Thryothorus nigricapillus Sclater, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
28, p. 84 — Nanegal (alt. ca. 4,000 ft.), Pichincha, Ecuador.
27*
408 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Tropical zone of western Ecuador from Esmeraldas to the Peru-
vian border.
THRYOTHORUS THORACICUS
Thryothorus thoracicus thoracicus Salvin
Thryothorus thoracicus Salvin, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 580 — Tucurrique, Costa Rica.
Lowlands of eastern Nicaragua, Costa Rica (except Pacific slope
south of the Golfo de Nicoya), and western Panama.
Thryothorus thoracicus grisescens (Griscom)
Thryophilus leucopogon grisescens Griscom, 1932, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 72, p. 359 — Permé, Darien, Panama.
Caribbean coast of eastern Panama and probably adjacent Co-
lombia.
Thryothorus thoracicus leucopogon (Salvadori and Festa)
Thryophilus leucopogon Salvadori and Festa, 1899, Bull. Mus. Zool.
Anat. Comp., Torino, 14, no. 357, p. 6 — Rio Peripa, Pichincha,
Ecuador.
Pacific coast of Darien, Panama; southwestern Bolivar and the
Pacific slope of Colombia; and the lowlands of Ecuador south to
Pichincha.
THRYOTHORUS PLEUROSTICTUS
Thryothorus pleurostictus nisorius Sclater
Thryothorus nisorius Sclater, 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 37,
p- 592, pl. 45 — Real Arriba, México, Mexico.
Drainage basin of the upper Rio Balsas in Michoacan, Guerrero,
Morelos, México, and Puebla, Mexico.
Thryothorus pleurostictus oaxacae Brodkorb
Thryothorus pleurostictus oaxacae Brodkorb, 1942, Occ. Papers
Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 459, p. 7 — Bahia Santa Cruz,
Oaxaca, Mexico.
Coastal region from central Guerrero through Oaxaca, Mexico.
Thryothorus pleurostictus acaciarum Brodkorb
Thryothorus pleurostictus acaciarum Brodkorb, 1942, Occ. Papers
Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 459, p. 9 — Kil6metro Veinti-
séis (alt. 800 m.), 10 km. west of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas,
Mexico.
Chiapas, Mexico in the valley of the Rio Grijalva [= Rio Grande
de Chiapa] and on the coast from Arriaya to Tonala.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 409
Thryothorus pleurostictus oblitus (van Rossem)
Pheugopedius pleurostictus oblitus van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 77, p. 399 — Barra de Santiago, Ahuachapan, El
Salvador.
Pacific lowlands of eastern Chiapas, Guatemala, and westernmost
El Salvador.
Thryothorus pleurostictus pleurostictus Sclater
Thryothorus pleurostictus Sclater, 1860, Ibis, 2, p. 30 — “Vera-
paz”, Guatemala; Gualan, Zacapa, Guatemala designated by
Griscom, 1932, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 64, p. 291.
Known, with certainty, only from Gualan, Zacapa, Guatemala.
Thryothorus pleurostictus lateralis (Dickey and van Rossem)
Thryophilus pleurostictus lateralis Dickey and van Rossem, 1927,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 40, p. 3 — Laguna Olomega (alt.
200 ft.), San Miguel, El Salvador.
Lowlands and moderate elevations in El Salvador, except western
coastal area, and western Honduras.
Thryothorus pleurostictus ravus (Ridgway)
Thryophilus pleurostictus ravus Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 16, p. 167 — San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua.
Pacific lowlands of Nicaragua and of northwestern Costa Rica.
THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS
Carolina Wren
Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus (Latham)
Sylvia ludoviciana Latham, 1790, Ind. Orn., 2, p. 548 — Loui-
siana.
Thryothorus ludovicianus euronotus Lowery, 1940, Auk, 57, p. 98
— Gulfport, Mississippi.
Thryothorus ludovicianus oberholseri Lowery, 1940, Auk, 57, p.101
— Del Rio, Texas.
Thryothorus ludovicianus alamoensis Godfrey, 1946, Auk, 63,
p. 564 — San Antonio, Texas.
Resident from southeastern Nebraska, central Indiana, and south-
ern Connecticut, south to central Texas, the Gulf Coast from north-
eastern Texas to peninsular Florida, and southern Georgia, and west
to central Kansas and eastern northern Texas; sparingly north to
southern Minnesota, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, central
Vermont, and southern Maine.
Thryothorus ludovicianus miamensis Ridgway
Thryothorus Ludovicianus var. Miamensis Ridgway, 1875, Ame-
rican Nat., 9, p. 469 — Miami River, Florida.
Peninsular Florida.
410 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Thryothorus ludovicianus burleighi Lowery
Thryothorus ludovicianus burleight Lowery, 1940, Auk, 47, p. 99
— Cat Island, Mississippi.
Cat, Ship, and Horn Islands, off the coast of Mississippi.
Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis Sennett
Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis Sennett, 1890, Auk, 7, p. 58 —
Lomita Ranch, Hidalgo, Texas.
Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and northern Tamaulipas,
Mexico.
Thryothorus ludovicianus berlandieri Baird
Thriothorus [sic] berlandiert Baird, 1858, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv.,
9, p. 362 — Boquillo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
Moderate elevations and mountains of eastern Coahuila, Nuevo
Leon, and southwestern Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Thryothorus ludovicianus tropicalis Lowery and Newman
Thryothorus ludovicianus tropicalis Lowery and Newman, 1949,
Occ. Papers Louisiana State Univ., no. 22, p. 4 — one half mile
east of Naranjos (alt. 1,000 ft.), San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Tropical zone east of the Sierra Madre Oriental in San Luis Potosi,
Mexico.
Thryothorus ludovicianus albinucha (Cabot)
Troglodytes albinucha Cabot, 1847, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,
2, p. 258 — Yalahau, Yucatan [= Quintana Roo], Mexico.
Drier areas of Yucatén, Campeche, and Quintana Roo, Mexico
and Petén, Guatemala.
Thryothorus ludovicianus subfulvus Miller and Griscom
Thryothorus albinucha subfulvus Miller and Griscom, 1925, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 159, p. 8 — Calabazas, five miles south of Me-
tapa [= Ciudad Dario], Nicaragua.
Arid interior of Guatemala and Nicaragua.
THRYOTHORUS RUFALBUS
Thryothorus rufalbus transfinis Friedmann
Thryothorus rufalbus transfinis Friedmann, 1947, Auk, 64, p. 128
— Jalapa, Escuintla, Chiapas, Mexico.
Pacific slope of southwestern Chiapas, Mexico.
Thryothorus rufalbus rufalbus Lafresnaye
Thryothorus rufalbus Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 6, p. 337
— Mexico, error = Guatemala.
Highlands of Guatemala and El Salvador.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 411
Thryothorus rufalbus castanonotus (Ridgway)
Thryophilus rufalbus castanonotus Ridgway, 1888, Proc. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 23, p. 386 — “Nicaragua to the highlands of
Columbia [sic], error = Angostura, Costa Rica.
Western Honduras, the Pacific slope of Nicaragua and Costa Rica,
and western Panama, east to the Canal Zone.
Thryothorus rufalbus cumanensis (Cabanis)
Troglodytes cumanensis Cabanis (ex Lichtenstein ms), 1860, Journ.
f. Orn., 8, p. 408 — Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia.
Caribbean coast region of Colombia, from Cartagena, Bolivar east-
ward, and coastal Venezuela from Falcon east through the Penin-
sula de Paria and south on plains of eastern Guarico.
Thryothorus rufalbus minlosi (Berlepsch)
Thryophilus minlosi Berlepsch, 1884, Journ. f. Orn., 32, p. 280,
pl. 1, fig. 3 — ““Bucaramanga”’ [type probably taken nearby on
east slope of Eastern Andes. Vide, de Schauensee, op. cit.,
p- 896], Santander, Colombia.
Tropical zone of the east slope of the northern part of the Eastern
Andes of Colombia, from Meta northward, and on the plains and
slopes of northwestern Venezuela from the eastern base of the Sierra
de Perija, Zulia to western Apure and Cojedes.
THRYOTHORUS NICEFORI?
Thryothorus nicefori de Schauensee
Thryothorus nicefort de Schauensee, 1946, Not. Nat., Philadelphia,
no. 182, p.1—San Gil, south of Bucaramanga, Santander,
Colombia.
Known only from the type locality on the western slope of the
Eastern Andes of Santander, Colombia.
THRYOTHORUS SINALOA?
Thryothorus sinaloa cinereus (Brewster)
Thryophilus sinaloa cinereus Brewster, 1889, Auk, 6, p. 96 — Ala-
mos, Sonora, Mexico.
Southeastern Sonora, southwestern Chihuahua, and northern Si-
naloa, Mexico.
Thryothorus sinaloa sinaloa (Baird)
Thryophilus sinaloa Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, (1864-1873),
p. 122 (key), 130 — Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
1 Possibly but a marked subspecies of 7’. rufalbus.
* Conceivably conspecific with 7’. rufalbus.
412 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Central Sinaloa and western Durango through Nayarit, Jalisco,
and Colima, Mexico.
Thryothorus sinaloa russeus (Nelson)
Thryophilus sinaloa russeus Nelson, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 16, p. 157 — Acahuizotla, Guerrero, Mexico.
Coastal Guerrero, Mexico.
THRYOTHORUS MODESTUS
Thryothorus modestus modestus Cabanis
Thryothorus modestus Cabanis, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 409 —
San José, Costa Rica.
Thryophilus modestus pullus Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 16, p. 167 — Huehuetan, Chiapas, Mexico.
Pacific coast and central highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, central
and western Guatemala, interior Honduras, El Salvador, north-
central Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, except lower Caribbean slope.
Thryothorus modestus zeledoni (Ridgway)
Thryophilus zeledoni Ridgway (ex Lawrence ms), 1878, Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 252 — “Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica”
[= Talamanca], Costa Rica.
Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and the Bahia
Almirante region, northwestern Panama.
Thryothorus modestus elutus (Bangs)
Thryophilus modestus elutus Bangs, 1902, Proc. New England
Zool. Cl., 3, p. 51 — Loma del Leon, Panama.
Western Panama from Chiriqui east to the Canal Zone.
THRYOTHORUS LEUCOTIS
Thryothorus leucotis galbraithii Lawrence
Thryothorus galbraithii Lawrence, 1861, Ann. Lyc. New York, 7,
p- 320 — Loma del Leon, Panama.
Panama, east of the Canal Zone, and extreme northwestern Co-
lombia in northern Choco and northern Antioquia.
Thryothorus leucotis conditus (Bangs)
Thryophilus galbraithi conditus Bangs, 1903, Proc. New England
Zool. Cl., 4, p. 3 — Isla San Miguel, Archipiélago de las Perlas,
Gulfo de Panama, Panama.
Islas San Miguel and Viveros, Archipiélago de las Perlas, Gulfo
de Panama, Panama.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 413
Thryothorus leucotis leucotis Lafresnaye
Thryothorus leucotis Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 8, p. 338
— “in Colombia aut Mexico’’; restricted to Honda, Rio Magda-
lena, Tolima, Colombia by Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 165.
Colombia from the west side of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
west to the Rio Sint and south through the Magdalena valley.
Thryothorus leucotis collinus (Wetmore)
Thryophilus leucotis collinus Wetmore, 1946, Smith. Misc. Coll.,
106, no. 16, p. 9 — Near Nazaret (alt. 1,500 to 2,000 ft.), Ser-
rania de Macuira, Guajira, Colombia.
Restricted to the Serrania de Macuira in the northern part of the
Peninsula de Guajira, Guajira, Colombia.
Thryothorus leucotis venezuelanus Cabanis
Thryothorus venezuelanus Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 78 —
Venezuela.
Northern Colombia in the tropical zone of the northern and
eastern side of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Santa Marta and
the plains of Guajira and in northwestern Venezuela in the region
east of Lago de Maracaibo in central Lara, eastern Zulia, Trujillo,
in the coastal areas of Falcén, Yaracuy, and Carabobo, and exten-
ding southward to central Cojedes and the eastern base of the
Andes in Portuguesa and Barinas.
Thryothorus leucotis zuliensis Hellmayr
Thryothorus leucotis zuliensis Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 164 — Oropé, Zulia [= Ta-
chira], Venezuela.
In Colombia near the Venezuelan border in Norte de Santander,
and in Venezuela east and south of Lago de Maracaibo from Perija,
Zulia to the base of the Andes in Tachira and Mérida.
Thryothorus leucotis hypoleucus (Berlepsch and Hartert)
Thryophilus albipectus hypoleucus Berlepsch and Hartert, 1901,
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 12, p. 12 — Altagracia, Rio Orinoco, Boli-
var, Venezuela.
Plains of north-central Venezuela in Guarico, northeastern Apure,
Cojedes, Anzoategui, and along the Rio Orinoco in Bolivar.
Thryothorus leucotis bogotensis (Hellmayr)
Thryophilus albipectus bogotensis Hellmayr, 1901, Verh. Zool. Bot.
Ges. Wien, 51, p. 770, 774 — “Bogota’’, Colombia.
Kastern Colombia, on the plains west of the eastern Andes, and
central Venezuela, on the plains of Amazonas, northwestern Bolivar,
western Apure, and at the base of the Andes in Tachira and Barinas.
414 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Thryothorus leucotis albipectus Cabanis
Thryothorus albipectus Cabanis, 1849, in Schomburgk Reisen Brit.
Guiana, 3, (1848), p. 673 — Cayenne, French Guiana.
Thryothorus leucotis affinis Pinto, 1938, Rev. Mus. Paul., 23,
(1937), p. 592 — Manacapurt, Amazonas, Brazil.
Northeastern Venezuela, in southeast Monagos, western Delta
Amacuro, and northeastern Bolivar, British Guiana, Surinam, French
Guiana, and northeastern Brazil, in northern and eastern Amazonas,
Para, northern Maranhao, and northern Mato Grosso.
Thryothorus leucotis peruanus (Hellmayr)
Thryophilus leucotis peruanus Hellmayr, 1921, Anz. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 1, (1919-1928), p. 41 — Nauta, Rio Marafion, Loreto,
Peru.
Lowlands of eastern Peru, in Loreto, San Martin, Huanuco, and
Junin, and western Amazonas, south of the Amazon, Brazil; un-
doubtedly in southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador.
Thryothorus leucotis rufiventris Sclater
Thryothorus rufiventris Sclater, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 328 — Goias and Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Central and east-central Brazil in southern Maranhao, Piaui,
Goids, western Minas Gerais, western Sao Paulo, and Mato Grosso,
except extreme north.
THRYOTHORUS SUPERCILIARIS!
Thryothorus superciliaris superciliaris Lawrence
Thryothorus superciliaris Lawrence, 1869. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.,
New York, 9, p. 235 — Isla de Puna, Ecuador.
Arid coast of Ecuador from Manabi south through Guayas and
on Isla de Puna.
Thryothorus superciliaris baroni (Hellmayr)
Thryophilus baroni Hellmayr, 1902, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien,
52, p. 170 — Tembladera, Cajamarca, Peru.
Arid coast of El Oro, Ecuador southward through coastal Peru
to Ancash.
THRYOTHORUS GUARAYANUS?
Thryothorus guarayanus (Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny)
Troglodytes guarayana Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny, 1837, Syn. Av.,
1, in Mag. Zool. (Paris), 7, cl. 2, p. 26 — Guarayos, Santa Cruz,
Bolivia.
Beni and Santa Cruz, Bolivia, adjacent western Mato Grosso,
Brazil, and possibly Paraguay.
12 Possibly conspecific with 7’. leucotis.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 415
THRYOTHORUS LONGIROSTRIS
Thryothorus longirostris bahiae (Hellmayr)
Thryophilus longirostris bahiae Hellmayr, 1903, Journ. f. Orn., 51,
p- 535; new name for Thryophilus longirostris striolatus Hellmayr,
1901, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 51, p. 776 — Bahia, Brazil.
Interior of northeastern Brazil in Piaui, Ceara, Pernambuco, and
eastern and northern Bahia.
Thryothorus longirostris longirostris Vieillot
Thryothorus longirostris Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,
nouv. éd., 34, p. 56 — Brazil.
Wooded coastal region of central Brazil from Rio de Janeiro
through Sao Paulo and Santa Catarina.
THRYOTHORUS GRISEUS
Thryothorus griseus (Todd)
Thryophilus griseus Todd, 1925, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 38,
p. 91 — Hiutanaad, Rio Purtis, Amazonas, Brazil.
Odontorchilus olallae Pinto, 1937, Bol. Biologico Sao Paulo, 3,
p. 5 — Lago Grande, alto Rio Jurua, Amazonas, Brazil.
South of the Amazon in extreme western Amazonas, Brazil.
Genus TROGLODYTES VIErILLotT
Troglodytes Vieillot, 1808?+ Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 2, p. 52.
Type, by subsequent designation, T'roglodytes aédon Vieillot
(Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 9, p. 367).
Nannus Billberg, 1828, Syn. Faun. Scand., 1, (2), tab. A and p. 57.
Type, by monotypy, Motacilla troglodytes Linnaeus.
Thryorchilus Oberholser, 1904, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 27, p. 198.
Type, by original designation, T'roglodytes browni Bangs.
cf. Oberholser, 1919, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 55, p. 223-236 (7’. tro-
glodytes; N. Amer. forms).
Vaurie, 1951, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1485, p. 1-9.
—, 1955, op. cit., no. 1751, p. 1-25 (Palaearctic).
Paynter, 1957, Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool., no. 71, p. 1-15 (New
World).
TROGLODYTES TROGLODYTES
Winter Wren; Wren
Troglodytes troglodytes hiemalis Vieillot
Troglodytes hiemalis Vieillot, 1819, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 34, p. 514 — Nova Scotia and New York; restricted to
Nova Scotia by Oberholser, 1902, Auk, 19, p. 178.
1 Richmond, 1899, Auk, 16, p.327, gives Dec. 1, 1807 as the date of
publication of the first livraison; presumably Vol. 2 appeared in 1808.
416 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Troglodytes troglodytes aquilonaris Burgleigh and Peters, 1948,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 116— Tompkins, New-
foundland.
Breeds from southern Mackenzie, central Saskatchewan, southern
Manitoba, western and northwestern Ontario, southern Quebec, and
Newfoundland south to central Alberta, central Saskatchewan,
southern Manitoba, east-central Minnesota, Wisconsin, central Mi-
chigan, southern Ontario, southern Pennsylvania, western Mary-
land, western Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine, and Nova Scotia.
Winters from eastern Nebraska and Iowa eastward along southern
border of breeding range and south to eastern Texas and central
Florida.
Troglodytes troglodytes pullus (Burleigh)
Nannus hiemalis pullus Burleigh, 1935, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 48, p. 61 — Mount Mitchell (alt. 6,500 ft.), North Carolina.
Breeds in the Appalachians from Virginia and West Virginia to
Georgia. Winter range unknown; winter birds not distinguishable
from 7’. t. hiemalis.
Troglodytes troglodytes pacificus Baird
Troglodytes hiemalis var. pacificus Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds,
1, (1864-1873), p. 145 — Simiahmoo, Puget Sound, Washing-
ton.
Breeds from southeastern Alaska, southwestern Yukon, British
Columbia, and southeastern Alberta, in mountains, through Wash-
ington and eastern Oregon to east-central California, central Idaho,
and western Montana. Winters at lower altitudes in breeding range
and in south-central California; casual in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado,
and New Mexico.
Troglodytes troglodytes helleri (Osgood)
Anorthura hiemalis helleri Osgood, 1901, Auk, 18, p. 181 — Eng-
lish Bay, Kodiak Island, Alaska.
Kodiak and Afognak Islands, Alaska.
Troglodytes troglodytes semidiensis (Brooks)
Nannus hiemalis semidiensis Brooks, 1915, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
59, p. 400 — Chowiet Island, Semidi Islands, Alaska.
Semidi Islands (Chowiet, Aghiyuk, and North Semidi), Alaska.
Troglodytes troglodytes kiskensis (Oberholser)
Nannus troglodytes kiskensis Oberholser, 1919, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., 55, p. 228 — Kiska Harbor, Kiska Island, Aleutian Is-
lands, Alaska.
Nannus troglodytes tanagensis Oberholser, 1919, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., 55, p. 230 — Tanaga Bay, Tanaga Island, Aleutian Is-
lands, Alaska.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 417
Nannus troglodytes petrophilus Oberholser, 1919, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., 55, p. 232 — Unalaska, Unalaska Island, Aleutian Is-
lands, Alaska.
Nannus troglodytes stevensoni Oberholser, 1930, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 43, p. 151 — Amak Island, Alaska.
Troglodytes troglodytes segquamensis Gabrielson and Lincoln, 1951,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 64, p. 73 — Seguam Island, Aleu-
tian Islands, Alaska.
Amak and Amagat Islands and the Aleutian Islands west to Bul-
dir Island.
Troglodytes troglodytes meligerus (Oberholser)
Anorthura meligera Oberholser, 1900, Auk, 17, p. 25 — Attu Is-
land, Aleutian Islands, Alaska.
Near Islands (Attu and Agattu), Aleutian Islands, Alaska.
Troglodytes troglodytes alascensis Baird
Troglodytes alascensis Baird, 1869, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., 1,
p. 315, pl. 30, fig. 3 — Saint George Island, Pribilof Islands,
Alaska.
Saint George, Saint Paul, and Otter Islands, Pribilof Islands, Alaska.
Troglodytes troglodytes pallescens (Ridgway)
Anorthura pallescens Ridgway, 1883, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6,
p. 93 — Bering Island, Commander Islands.
Commander Islands (Medny and Bering), and Kamchatka.
Troglodytes troglodytes kurilensis Stejneger
Troglodytes fumigatus kurilensis Stejneger, 1889, Proc. U. 8S. Nat.
Mus. (1888), 11, p. 548 — Shasukotan Island, northern Kuriles.
Northern Kuriles (Shasukotan and Ushichi).
Troglodytes troglodytes fumigatus Temminck
Troglodytes fumigatus Temminck, 1835, Man. d’Orn., ed. 2, 3,
p. 161 — Japan.
Troglodytes troglodytes utanoi Kuroda, 1922, Ibis, p. 96 — Tsu-
shima.
Troglodytes troglodytes quelpartis Kuroda and Mori, 1925, Débuts.
Zasshi, 37, p. 313 — Quelpart.
Southern Kuriles, main islands of Japan (Hokkaido, Hondo, Shi-
koku, and Kyushu), also Quelpart, Tsushima, and Iki Islands, and
Oshima in the northern Seven Islands of Izu; recorded from Sado
and Oki Islands.
Troglodytes troglodytes mosukei Momiyama
Troglodytes troglodytes mosukei Momiyama, 1923, Débuts. Zasshi,
35, p. 402 — Hachijo, Seven Islands of Izu.
418 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
¢T roglodytes troglodytes orii Yamashina, 1938, Tori, 10, p. 227 —
Minami Daitoshima, Borodino Islands east of the Riu Kius.
Seven Islands of Izu (Kozushima to Hachijo), and (?) Borodinos!.
Troglodytes troglodytes ogawae Hartert
Troglodytes troglodytes ogawae Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Faun., 1,
p. 784 — Yakushima.
Tanegashima and Yakushima Islands.
Troglodytes troglodytes taivanus Hartert
Troglodytes troglodytes taivanus Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Faun., 1,
p. 776 — Mt. Arizan, Formosa.
Formosa.
Troglodytes troglodytes dauricus Dybowski and Taczanowski
Troglodytes dauricus Dybowski and Taczanowski, 1884, Bull. Soc.
Zool. France, p. 155 — Dauria.
Olbiorchilus fumigatus peninsulae Clark, 1907, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., 32, p. 474 — Fusan, Korea.
Troglodytes troglodytes lénnbergi Momiyama, 1927, Annot. Orn.
Orient., 1, p. 90 — Sisuka, southern Sakhalin.
From Transbaicalia eastward to Amurland and Sakhalin, south
to Ussuriland, Manchuria (probably), and Korea.
Troglodytes troglodytes idius (Richmond)
Olbiorchilus fumigatus idius Richmond, 1907, in Blackwelder,
Carnegie Inst. Washington, publ. no. 54, 1, pt. 2, p. 498, pl. 59
— Wang Kuai Chon, Hopeh [at about 114° 30’ E. Long.;
38° 45’ N. Lat.].
Troglodytes troglodytes swprapallidus Stresemann, 1930, Orn. Mo-
natsb., 38, p. 158 — Mantuse, northern Kansu [in the Tatung
Range on the border of Kansu and Tsinghai].
Troglodytes troglodytes longicilla Meise, 1937, Journ. Orn., 85,
p. 571 — Tsing chou fu, Shantung.
Northern China, from southern Jehol and Hopeh to Shantung,
perhaps south to southern Kiangsu where it occurs in winter, west-
ward through Shansi and northern Shensi to central and northern
Kansu and the Koko Nor region in eastern Tsinghai.
Troglodytes troglodytes szetschuanus Hartert
Troglodytes troglodytes szetschuanus Hartert, 1910, Vég. pal. Faun.,
1, p. 783 — “‘Tsingling Range, Szechwan, Ichang”’; type from
Lungan [= Pingwu], northern Szechwan.
1 T.t. ort is based on a single specimen and requires confirmation; its
description seems to indicate that it must be very similar to mosukei.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 419
Southern Shensi and Szechwan, eastward to Hupeh (Ichang),
westward to probably eastern Sikang, northward to the Min Shan
and to southern Kansu; a specimen from the region of Choni in
southern Kansu is about intermediate between this race and idius.
Troglodytes troglodytes talifuensis (Sharpe)
Anorthura talifuensis Sharpe, 1902, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 13, p. 11
— Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Tali, northern Yunnan.
Central Sikang south to northern Yunnan, westward to north-
eastern Burma, probably grades into szetschuanus in eastern Sikang.
Troglodytes troglodytes nipalensis Blyth
Troglodytes nipalensis Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14,
p- 589 — Nepal.
Anorthura tibetana Walton, 1905, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, p. 93 —
Khamba Dzong, Tibet.
Troglodytes troglodytes kinneari Biswas, 1955, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
75, p.87— Thammu (ca. 12,500 feet), Bhote Kosi Valley,
Khumbu, eastern Nepal.
Central and eastern Himalayas from Nepal to northeastern As-
sam, southern Tibet north to Lhasa, eastward to Pome in western
Sikang; altitudinal range, 8,000 to 16,000 feet.
Troglodytes troglodytes neglectus Brooks
Troglodytes neglectus Brooks, 1872, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 41,
pt. 2, p. 328 — Kashmir.
Western Himalayas, above 8,000 feet, from Gilgit eastward to
the border of western Nepal.
Troglodytes troglodytes magrathi (Whitehead)
Anorthura magrathi Whitehead, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 21,
p- 19 — Safed Koh between 8,500 and 12,500 feet.
Safed Koh Range on the border of Afghanistan and North West
Frontier Province.
Troglodytes troglodytes tianschanicus Sharpe
Troglodytes tuanschanica Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6,
p. 273, ex Severtzov — Turkestan.
Troglodytes parvulus subpallidus Zarudny and Loudon, 1905, Orn.
Monatsb., 13, p. 107 — ‘‘Mountains of northeastern Persia...
Khorasan ... eastward to the Paropamisus.”’
Troglodytes troglodytes tarimensis Stachanow, 1934, Alauda (1933),
p. 442 — Naryn Kurgut Nor, in the mountains north of the
Bagrach Kol, central Tian Shan, Sinkiang.
Troglodytes troglodytes cineraceus Portenko, 1954, Keys Fauna
U.S.S.R., no. 54, birds, 3, p. 146 — Varzob, Tadzhikistan.
420 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Northeastern Iran (Khorasan), and southern Transcaspia, east-
ward through northern Afghanistan, northward through Bukhara
and Tadzhikistan to the Tian Shan system in both Russian and
Chinese Turkestan, Tarbagatai, and probably Kun Lun Ranges
along the southern Tarim Basin. Moves altitudinally down to ad-
jacent plains in winter.
Troglodytes troglodytes hyrcanus Zarudny and Loudon
Troglodytes parvulus hyrcanus Zarudny and Loudon, 1905, Orn.
Monatsb., 13, p. 107 — Caspian provinces of northern Iran.
Troglodytes parvulus zagrossiensis Zarudny and Loudon, 1908,
Orn. Monatsb., 16, p. 29 — Zagros Mountains in southwestern
Tran.
Crimea, Caucasus and Transcaucasia, eastward to northwestern
Iran and the southern Caspian districts, also southwestern Iran in
the Zagros eastward to Bakhtiari. In northern Iraq and to Baghdad
in winter!.
Troglodytes troglodytes cypriotes (Bate)
Anorthura cypriotes Bate, 1903, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 13, p. 51 —
Cyprus.
Troglodytes troglodytes stresemanni Schiebel, 1926, Orn. Monatsb.,
34, p. 14 — Elos, Crete.
Troglodytes troglodytes syriacus Meinertzhagen, 1933, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 54, p. 20 — Zachle, Lebanon.
Troglodytes troglodytes seilerni Sassi, 1937, Orn. Monatsb., 45, p. 87
— Rhodes.
Crete, Rhodes, Cyprus, and the Near East.
Troglodytes troglodytes juniperi Hartert
Troglodytes troglodytes junipert Hartert, 1922, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
42, p. 140 — near Merg, northwestern Cyrenaica.
Northwestern Cyrenaica from about the Tocra Pass east to Derna.
Troglodytes troglodytes kabylorum Hartert
Troglodytes troglodytes kabylorum Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Faun., 1,
p. 780 — near Alger.
Troglodytes troglodytes miilleri von Jordans, 1928, Novit. Zool.,
34, p. 283 — Valldemosa, Mallorca.
Balearic Islands, and northwest Africa from Morocco to Tunisia,
perhaps southernmost Spain.
Troglodytes troglodytes koenigi Schiebel
Troglodytes troglodytes koenigi Schiebel, 1910, Orn. Jahrb., p. 182
— Vizzavona, Corsica.
Corsica and Sardinia.
1 The population (“‘zagrossiensis”’) of the Zagros is very slightly paler.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 421
Troglodytes troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus)
Motacilla Troglodytes Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 188 —
Sweden.
Troglodytes parvulus bergensis Stejneger, 1884, Zeitschr. ges.
Orn., 1, p. 10 — west coast of Norway.
Troglodytes troglodytes weigoldi von Jordans, 1923, Orn. Monatsb..,
31, p. 14 — Oporto, Portugal.
Troglodytes troglodytes occidentalis Verheyen, 1941, Bull. Mus. R.
Hist. Nat. Belgique, 17, no. 33, p. 26 — Tervueren, Belgium.
¢Troglodytes troglodytes meinertzhageni Clancey, 1942, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 62, p. 68 — Ouessant Island, Finistére, France.
Continental Europe from the former gouvernement of Archangel
in northern Russia, Finland and Sweden from about lat. 64° to
65° N., but farther north from about 67° on the west coast of Nor-
way, southward through central, western, and southern Europe to
the Iberian Peninsula, southern France with the exception of the
low Mediterranean plain, Italy and Sicily, southeastern Europe and
Balkan Peninsula to Rumania and Greece, and Asia Minor; ap-
parently lacking in southeastern Russia in the plains of the Volga
but present in the southern Urals. The population of Asia Minor
(not examined) may tend toward hyrcanus. Largely sedentary, ex-
cept for the populations of northern Russia, Finland, and northern
Norway and Sweden which migrate somewhat farther south. Oc-
curs in the Shetlands and probably southern England on migration.
Troglodytes troglodytes indigenus Clancey
Troglodytes troglodytes indigenus Clancey, 1937, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 57, p. 143 — Carmunnock, Lanarkshire, southwestern Scot-
land.
Ireland, Inner Hebrides, Scotland, and England.
Troglodytes troglodytes hirtensis Seebohm
Troglodytes hirtensis Seebolm, 1884, Zoologist, p. 333 — Saint
Kilda Island west of the Hebrides.
Saint Kilda Island, west of the Outer Hebrides.
Troglodytes troglodytes hebridensis Meinertzhagen
Troglodytes troglodytes hebridensis Meinertzhagen, 1924, Scot. Nat.,
p- 135 — Butt of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.
Outer Hebrides.
Troglodytes troglodytes fridariensis Williamson
Troglodytes troglodytes fridariensis Williamson, 1951, Ibis, p. 599
— Fair Isle, south of the Shetlands.
Fair Isle, south of the Shetlands.
28
422 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Troglodytes troglodytes zetlandicus Hartert
Troglodytes troglodytes zetlandicus Hartert, 1910, Vég. pal. Faun.,
1, p. 777 — Dunrossness, Shetland Islands.
Shetland Islands.
Troglodytes troglodytes borealis Fischer
Troglodytes borealis Fischer, 1861, Journ. f. Orn., 9, p. 14, pl. 1 —
Faroe Islands.
Faroe Islands.
Troglodytes troglodytes islandicus Hartert
Troglodytes troglodytes islandicus Hartert, 1907, Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl., 21, p. 26 — Gilsbakki, Iceland.
Iceland.
TROGLODYTES AEDON
House Wren
Troglodytes aédon aédon Vieillot
Troglodytes aédon Vieillot, 1808?, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amér. Sept.,
2, p. 52, pl. 107 — no locality; New York City designated by
Oberholser, 1934, Ohio Journ. Sci., 34, p. 87.
Troglodytes domesticus baldwini Oberholser, 1934, Ohio Journ. Sci.,
34, p. 90 — Gates Mills, 15 miles east of Cleveland, Ohio.
Breeds from central Michigan, southeastern Ontario, southern
Quebec, Maine, New Brunswick, and western Nova Scotia south to
eastern Kentucky, northeastern Tennessee, and North Carolina.
Winters from southern edge of breeding range south to Mississippi
and Florida; rarely in Louisiana, southeastern Texas, Tamaulipas,
and Veracruz.
Troglodytes aédon parkmanii Audubon
Troglodytes Parkmanii Audubon, 1839, Orn. Biog., 5, p. 310 —
Columbia River [near Fort Vancouver], Washington.
Breeds from central British Columbia, central Alberta, southern
Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, western and central Ontario,
and northern Michigan south to northern Baja California, southern
Arizona, southern New Mexico, western and northern Texas, cen-
tral Oklahoma, northern Arkansas, southern Missouri, and western
Kentucky. Winters, in the west, from southern border of breeding
range south to southern Baja California and Oaxaca; in the east,
in southeastern Texas and southern Louisiana; casual in southern
Mississippi and Alabama.
Troglodytes aédon cahooni Brewster
Troglodytes cahooni Brewster, 1888, Auk, 5, p. 94 — near Oposura
[Moctezuma], Sonora, Mexico.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 423
Troglodytes brunneicollis vorhiesi Brandt, 1945, Auk, 62, p. 576
— Pat Scott Canyon (alt. 7,200 ft.), Huachuca Mountains, Co-
chise County, Arizona.
Mountains of extreme southeastern Arizona, eastern Sonora, Chi-
huahua, and northwestern Coahuila south through Durango, western
Sinaloa, and northern Jalisco. Populations of southeastern Arizona
and northeastern Sonora approach 7’. a. parkmanii.
Troglodytns aédon compositus Griscom
Troglodytes brunneicollis compositus Griscom, 1934, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 75, p. 395 — Galindo, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Troglodytes brunneicollis culequita van Rossem, 1938, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 59, p. 13 — Coajimalpa (Tacubaya), México, Distrito
Federal, Mexico.
Mountains of southern Coahuila, central Nuevo Leén, and south-
western Tamaulipas south through San Luis Potosi, southeastern
Zacatecas, eastern Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Distrito Federal, México,
Tlaxcala, west-central Veracruz, and Puebla.
Troglodytes aédon brunneicollis Sclater
Troglodytes brunneicollis Sclater, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
26, p. 297 — La Parada, six leagues from Oaxaca, Oaxaca,
Mexico.
Troglodytes brunneicollis nitidus Nelson, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 16, p. 158 — Cerro Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Troglodytes brunneicollis guerrerensis van Rossem, 1938, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 59, p. 12 — Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.
Troglodytes brunneicollis colimae van Rossem, 1939, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 59, p. 14 — Nevado de Colima (alt. 12,000 ft.), Jalisco,
Mexico.
From Nayarit, central Jalisco, and southwestern Zacatecas through
the mountains of Colima, Michoacan, Guerrero, western México,
Morelos, and Oaxaca. Specimens from Nayarit, Zacatecas, and cen-
tral Jalisco approach contiguous forms.
Troglodytes aédon intermedius Cabanis
Troglodytes intermedius Cabanis, 1860, Journ. f. Orn., 8, p. 407 —
San José and Quebrada Honda, San José, Costa Rica.
Troglodytes peninsularis Nelson, 1901, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 14, p. 174 — Progreso, Yucatan, Mexico.
Troglodytes musculus oreopolus Chapman and Griscom, 1924, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 50, p. 287 — Ocotal (alt. ca. 4,000 ft.),
Nueva Segovia, Nicaragua.
Southeastern Oaxaca and eastern Tabasco, Mexico southward
through Costa Rica, from sea-level to 10,000 feet.
28*
424 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Troglodytes aédon tanneri Townsend
Troglodytes tannert Townsend, 1890, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13,
p. 183 — Isla Clarion, Islas de Revillagigedo, Colima, Mexico.
Isla Clarion, Islas de Revillagigedo, Colima, Mexico.
Troglodytes aédon beani Ridgway
Troglodytes beani Ridgway, 1885, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
3, p. 21 — Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Troglodytes aédon inquietus Baird
Troglodytes inquietus Baird, 1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, (1864—
1873), p. 148 — Panama Railroad Route, Panama.
Panama, including the Archipiélago de las Perlas.
?Troglodytes aédon carychrous Wetmore
Troglodytes aedon carychrous Wetmore, 1957, Smith. Misc. Coll.,
134, no. 9, p. 76 — Isla Coiba, Veraguas, Panama.
Isla Coiba, Veraguas, Panama.
Troglodytes aédon guadeloupensis (Cory)
Thryothorus guadeloupensis Cory, 1886, Auk, 3, p. 381 — Grande
Terre, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles.
Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles. Probably extinct.
Troglodytes aédon rufescens (Lawrence)
Thryothorus rufescens Lawrence, 1877, Ann. New York Acad. Sci.,
1, p. 47 — Dominica, Lesser Antilles.
Dominica, Lesser Antilles.
Troglodytes aédon martinicensis (Sclater)
Thryothorus martinicensis Sclater, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 321 — Martinique, Lesser Antilles.
Martinique, Lesser Antilles. Probably extinct.
Troglodytes aédon mesoleucus (Sclater)
Thryothorus mesoleucus Sclater, 1876, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 14 — Saint Lucia, Lesser Antilles.
Saint Lucia, Lesser Antilles.
Troglodytes aédon musicus (Lawrence)
Thryothorus musicus Lawrence, 1878, Ann. New York Acad. Sci.,
1, p. 148 — Saint Vincent, Lesser Antilles.
Saint Vincent, Lesser Antilles.
Traglodytes aedon grena densis [ Lawrence. 1878)
Grenada
T. Hellman
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 425
Troglodytes aédon atopus Oberholser
Troglodytes musculus atopus Oberholser, 1904, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., 25, p. 207 — Cacagualito, near Santa Marta, Magdalena,
Colombia.
Caribbean lowlands and moderate elevations of Colombia from
Atlantico east to Guajira and south to about lat. 7° N. in the lower
Magdalena Valley, and in the Colombian portion of the Zulia low-
lands.
Troglodytes aédon striatulus (Lafresnaye)
Thriothorus striatulus Lafresnaye, 1845, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 8,
p. 338 — “Bogota”; Honda, Tolima, Colombia designated by
Chapman, 1917, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, p. 519.
Tropical and subtropical zones of the western and central Andes
of Colombia, exclusive of Narifio, and in the Andes of Trujillo,
Mérida, and Tachira, Venezuela.
Troglodytes aédon columbae Stone
Troglodytes columbae Stone, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, 51, p. 308 — Vicinity of Bogota, Colombia.
Subtropical and temperate zones of the eastern Andes of Colombia.
Troglodytes aédon albicans Berlepsch and Taczanowski
Troglodytes furvus albicans Berlepsch and Taczanowski, 1884,
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (1883), p. 540 — Guayaquil, Guayas,
Ecuador.
Troglodytes musculus clarus Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit.
Zool., 9, p. 8 — Bartica Grove, British Guiana.
Trinidad, Venezuela, except the Andes of Trujillo, Mérida, and
Tachira, Colombia in Narifo and eastward from the base of the
Cordillera Oriental, western Ecuador, including Isla La Plata and
Isla de Puna, northern and eastern Peru in Piura and Huanuco,
the Guianas, and Brazil south through northwestern Mato Grosso,
Amazonas, Para, and Maranhao.
Troglodytes aédon tobagensis Lawrence
Troglodytes tobagensis Lawrence, 1888, Auk, 5, p. 404 — Tobago,
British West Indies.
Tobago, British West Indies.
Troglodytes aédon audax Tschudi
Troglodytes audax Tschudi, 1844, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, pt. 1, p. 282
— Peru; restricted to coast of Peru by Berlepsch and Hellmayr,
1905, Journ. f. Orn., 53, p. 6.
Arid coast and slopes of Peru from Cajamarca, through La Li-
bertad, Ancash, and Lima, to northern Ica.
426 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Troglodytes aédon puna Berlepsch and Stolzmann
Troglodytes musculus puna Berlepsch and Stolzmann, 1896, Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, p. 329 — Ingapirca, Junin, Peru.
Puna and temperate zones from Amazonas and Cajamarca south
through Peru to western La Paz, Bolivia.
Troglodytes aédon carabayae Chapman and Griscom
Troglodytes musculus carabayae Chapman and Griscom, 1924, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 50, p. 296 — Santo Domingo, Puno,
Peru.
Tropical and subtropical zones on the western slope of the Andes
of Peru from southeastern Amazonas through Puno.
Troglodytes aédon tecellatus Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny.
Troglodytes tecellata Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny, 1837, Mag. Zool.
(Paris), 7, class 2, arts. 77-79, p. 25 — Tacna, Peru.
River valleys of coastal Arequipa, Moquegua, and Tacna, Peru
and northern Tarapaca, Chile.
Troglodytes aédon rex Berlepsch and Leverkiihn
Troglodytes furvus rex Berlepsch and Leverkiihn, 1890, Ornis, 6,
p. 6 — Samaipata, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
Bolivia, from eastern La Paz, western Beni, and western Santa
Cruz, south, through the Gran Chaco of Paraguay and Argentina,
to San Juan, San Luis, Cordoba, and Chaco, Argentina.
Troglodytes aédon atacamensis Hellmayr
Troglodytes musculus atacamensis Hellmayr, 1924, Field. Mus. Nat.
Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 74 — Rio Loa, Antofagasta, Chile.
Antofagasta, Atacama, and northern Coquimbo, and probably
southern Tarapaca, Chile.
Troglodytes aédon musculus Naumann
Troglodytes musculus Naumann, 1823, Naturg. Vég. Deutschl.,
3, table facing p. 724 — Bahia, Brazil.
Brazil, from central and eastern Mato Grosso, Goias, Piaui, and
Ceara, southward to eastern Paraguay and Misiones, Argentina.
Troglodytes aédon bonariae Hellmayr
Troglodytes musculus bonariae Hellmayr, 1919, Anz. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 1, p. 2— La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Southern Brazil, in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina; Uru-
guay; and northeastern Argentina, in Corrientes, Santa Fé, Entre
Rios, and Buenos Aires.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 427
Troglodytes aédon chilensis Lesson
Troglodytes chilensis Lesson, 1830, Voya. ‘Coquille’, Zool., 1, pt. 2,
(1826-1830), p. 665 — Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
Breeds in Chile, from the Rio Coquimbo, and in Argentina, from
Mendoza, Neuquén, and Rio Negro, south to Tierra del Fuego. Win-
ters north to Entre Rios and Santa Fé, Argentina and Atacama,
Chile.
Troglodytes aédon cobbi Chubb
Troglodytes cobbi Chubb, 1909, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 25, p. 16 —
Falkland Islands.
Falkland Islands.
TROGLODYTES SOLSTITIALIS
Troglodytes solstitialis chiapensis Brodkorb
Troglodytes rufociliatus chiapensis Brodkorb, 1943, Occ. Papers
Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 480, p. 1 — Two miles west of
Zinacantan (alt. 1,700 m.), Chiapas, Mexico.
High mountains of Chiapas, Mexico.
Troglodytes solstitialis rufociliatus Sharpe
Troglodytes rufociliatus Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6,
p. 262 — Upper Chirostemon Forest (alt. 10,000 ft.), Volcan
de Fuego, Sacatepéquez, Guatemala.
High mountains of eastern Guatemala and north-central El Sal-
vador (Los Esesmiles).
Troglodytes solstitialis nannoides Dickey and van Rossem
Troglodytes rufociliatus nannoides Dickey and van Rossem, 1929,
Ibis, p. 265 — Volcan de Santa Ana (alt. 6,500 ft.), Santa Ana,
El Salvador.
Known only from the cloud forest (5,000 to 7,000 feet ) of Volcan
de Santa Ana, western El Salvador.
Troglodytes solstitialis rehni Stone
Troglodytes rufociliatus rehni Stone, 1932, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 84, p. 328 — San Juancito, Francisco Morazan,
Honduras.
Cloud forests of Honduras.
Troglodytes solstitialis ochraceus Ridgway
Troglodytes (*) ochraceus Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
4, (1881), p. 334 — Volcan Irazi, Cartago, Costa Rica.
Highlands of Costa Rica, rarely below 5,000 feet.
428 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Troglodytes solstitialis ligea Bangs
T'roglodytes solstitialis ligea Bangs, 1908, Proc. New England Zool.
Cl., 4, p. 29 — Boquéte (alt. 4,000 ft.), Volcan de Chiriqui, Chi-
riqui, Panama.
Troglodytes ochraceus remotus Griscom, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 141, p. 5 — Cerro Flores (alt. 6,000 ft.), Chiriqui, Panama.
Mountains of Chiriqui, Panama.
Troglodytes solstitialis festinus Nelson
Troglodytes festinus Nelson, 1912, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, no. 3,
p. 22 — Cerro Pirre (alt. 5,200 ft.), Darién, Panama.
Known only from the type specimen.
Troglodytes solstitialis monticola Bangs
Troglodytes monticola Bangs, 1899, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
13, p. 106 — Paramo de Chirtiqua (alt. 15,000 ft.), Sierra de
Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.
Confined to Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, at eleva-
tions above 9,500 feet.
Troglodytes solstitialis solitarius Todd
Troglodytes solitarius Todd, 1912, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 8, p. 206
— Paramo de Las Rosas, Lara, Venezuela.
Temperate and subtropical zones of the Andes of Venezuela, in
Lara, Trujillo, Merida, and Tachira, and of Colombia, with the ex-
ception of the extreme southern portion and the west slope of the
Cordillera Occidental.
Troglodytes solstitialis solstitialis Sclater
Troglodytes solstitialis Sclater, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
(1858), 26, p. 550 — Matos and Pinipi, near Riobamba, Chim-
borazo, Ecuador.
Temperate and subtropical zones from southern Cauca and Huila,
Colombia, where intergrades with 7’. s. solitarius, through Ecuador
to northern Cajamarca, Peru.
Troglodytes solstitialis macrourus Berlepsch and Stolzmann
Troglodytes solstitialis macrourus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, 1902,
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 2, p. 55 — Maraynioc, Junin, Peru.
Temperate region of east-central Peru from southeastern Ama-
zonas through Cusco.
Troglodytes solstitialis frater Sharpe
Troglodytes frater Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6, p. 261 —
Bolivia.
Temperate highlands from southeastern Peru (Puno) through
Bolivia.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 429
?Troglodytes solstitialis auricularis Cabanis
Troglodytes (Uropsila) auricularis Cabanis, 1883, Journ. f. Orn.,
31, p. 105, pl. 2, fig. 1 — Mountains of Tucuman, Argentina.
Temperate and upper subtropical zones of Jujuy and Tucuman,
Argentina. Doubtfully distinct from 7’. s. frater.
TROGLODYTES RUFULUS!
Troglodytes rufulus rufulus Cabanis
Troglodytes rufulus Cabanis, 1849, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit.
Guiana, 3, (1848), p.672— Cerro Roraima, British Guiana
[= Bolivar, Venezuela].
Subtropical zone on the mountains of Roraima, Uei-tepui, Chi-
mantatepui, and Aprada-tepui, on the Gran Sabana of southeastern
Bolivar, Venezuela.
Troglodytes rufulus fulvigularis Zimmer and Phelps
Troglodytes rufulus fulvigularis Zimmer and Phelps, 1945, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1274, p. 6 — Cerro Ptari-tepui (alt. 1,800 m.),
Gran Sabana, Bolivar, Venezuela.
Subtropical zone on the mountains of Ptari-tepui, Sororopan-
tepui, and Auyan-tepui, on the Gran Sabana of southeastern Boli-
var, Venezuela.
Troglodytes rufulus yavii Phelps and Phelps, Jr.
Troglodytes rufulus yavit Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1949, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 62, p. 118 — Cerro Yavi (alt. 2,250 m.), La
Cumbre, Amazonas, Venezuela.
Subtropical zone on Cerro Yavi, northeastern Amazonas, and on
Cerro Sarisarifama, southwestern Bolivar, Venezuela, at altitudes
between 1,800 and 2,250 meters.
Troglodytes rufulus duidae Chapman
Troglodytes duidae Chapman, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 380,
p. 22 — Cerro Duida (alt. 4,500 ft.), Amazonas, Venezuela.
Subtropical zones on the mountains of Duida, Part, and Paraque,
Amazonas, Venezuela.
Troglodytes rufulus wetmorei Phelps and Phelps, Jr.
Troglodytes rufulus wetmoret Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1955, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 68, p. 118 — Cerro de la Neblina (alt.
1,850 m.), headwaters of Rio Yattia, Amazonas, Venezuela.
Subtropical zone on Cerro de la Neblina, at altitudes from 1,800
to 1,900 meters, Amazonas, Venezuela.
1 T. rufulus and T. solstitialis are probably best considered a super-species.
430 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
TROGLODYTES BROWNI
Troglodytes browni ridgwayi (Bangs)
Thryorchilus ridgwayt Bangs, 1906, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
19, p. 108 — Volcan de Irazi, Costa Rica.
At and above the timberline (alt. 9-10,000 ft.) on Volcan de Tur-
rialba and Volcan de Irazti, Costa Rica.
?Troglodytes browni basultoi (Ridgway)
Thryorchilus basultoi Ridgway, 1908, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
21, p. 191 — Las Vueltas, Cerros de Dota, Costa Rica.
Known from two specimens from the type locality, at about 8-
9,000 feet altitude, in southwestern Costa Rica.
Troglodytes browni browni Bangs
Troglodytes browni Bangs, 1902, Proc. New England Zool. Cl., 3,
p. 53 — Volcan de Chiriqui (alt. 10,000 ft.), Chiriqui, Panama.
At altitudes above 10,000 feet on the Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui,
Panama.
Genus UROPSILA! ScLatTER AND SALVIN
Uropsila Sclater and Salvin, 1873, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 155.
Type, by original designation, T'roglodytes leucogastra Gould.
(Not preoccupied by Hropsilus Edwards, 1871 [18727?]).
Hemiura Ridgway, 1888, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 10, (1887), p. 511.
New name for Uropsila Sclater and Salvin, 1873.
Nannorchilus Ridgway, 1904, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17,
p. 102. New name for Hemiura Ridgway, 1888.
cf. Sutton, 1948, Condor, 50, p. 101-112.
UROPSILA LEUCOGASTRA
Uropsila leucogastra leucogastra (Gould)
Troglodytes leucogastra Gould, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 4,
(1836), p. 89 — Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Nannorchilus leucogaster grisescens Griscom, 1928, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 293, p. 4 — El Ebano, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Gulf lowlands of Tamaulipas, eastern San Luis Potosi, north-
eastern Puebla, Veracruz, and northern Oaxaca, Mexico.
Uropsila leucogastra pacifica (Nelson)
Hemiura pacifica Nelson, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 72 — Manzanillo, Co-
lima, Mexico.
Coastal lowlands of Colima and Guerrero, Mexico.
1 The genus seems unworthy of recognition but its disposition awaits
detailed study.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 431
Uropsila leucogastra musica (Nelson)
Hemiura leucogastra musica Nelson, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 16, p. 159 — Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico.
Coastal plain of northeastern Oaxaca, Tabasco, and northern
Chiapas, Mexico.
Uropsila leucogastra brachyura (Lawrence)
Troglodytes brachyurus Lawrence, 1887, Ann. New York Acad.
Sci., 4, p. 67 — Temax, Yucatan, Mexico.
Nannorchilus leucogaster australis Van Rossem, 1938, Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl., 59, p. 15 — Orange Walk, British Honduras.
Yucatan, Campeche, and Quintana Roo, Mexico; British Hondu-
ras; and (subsp.?) Petén, Guatemala.
Genus HENICORHINA ScLaTER AND SALVIN
Henicorhina Sclater and Salvin, 1868, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 170. New name for Heterorhina Baird, 1864, preoccupied.
Type, by original designation, Scytalopus prostheleucus Sclater.
HENICORHINA LEUCOSTICTA
White-breasted Wood Wren
Henicorhina leucosticta prostheleuca (Sclater)
Scytalopus prostheleucus Sclater, 1857, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
24, (1856), p. 290 — Cordoba, Veracruz, Mexico.
Tropical forests from eastern Mexico (eastern San Luis Potosi
and Hidalgo through Veracruz, Puebla, northern and eastern Oax-
aca, Tabasco, southern Campeche and Quintana Roo, and Chiapas)
through British Honduras and all but easternmost Guatemala.
Henicorhina leucosticta tropaea Bangs and Peters
Henicorhina prostheleuca tropaea Bangs and Peters, 1927, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p. 480 — La Vijagua, Costa Rica.
Caribbean coastal region of Guatemala through Honduras, Nica-
ragua, Costa Rica (except extreme southwest), and the region about
Almirante, northwestern Panama.
Henicorhina leucosticta pittieri Cherrie
Henicorhina pittiert Cherrie, 1893, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Museo
Nac. Costa Rica, 4, (1891), p. 134 — Boruca, Costa Rica.
Southwestern Costa Rica and Panama, west of the Canal Zone.
Henicorhina leucosticta darienensis Hellmayr
Henicorhina leucosticta darienensis Hellmayr, 1921, Anz. Orn. Ges.
Bayern, 1, p. 25 — Tacarcuna, Panama.
432 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Tropical zone of eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia east to
the Sint region, Bolivar and south along the Pacific coast to the
Serrania de Baudo, Choco.
Henicorhina leucosticta albilateralis Chapman
Henicorhina prostheleuca albilateralis Chapman, 1917, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, p. 524 — El Consuelo (alt. 3,300 ft.), 18 km.
southwest of Honda, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
Upper tropical and lower subtropical forests (ca. 970 to 2,400 m.)
of the lower and middle Cauca Valley, Valle and Antioquia, and
of the middle Magdalena Valley, Cundinamarca and Santander.
Henicorhina leucosticta leucosticta (Cabanis)
Cyphorhinus leucosticta Cabanis, 1847, Arch. f. Naturg., 13, (1),
p. 206 — Guiana and Mexico; restricted to Guiana by Salvin,
1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 26, p. 64.
Southern Venezuela (Amazonas and Bolivar), British Guiana,
Surinam and upper Rio Negro region of Brazil.
Henicorhina leucosticta eucharis Bangs
Henicorhina leucosticta eucharis Bangs, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soe.
Washington, 23, p. 74 — near Pavas (alt. 4,400 ft.), Valle, Co-
lombia.
Altitudes above 1,300 meters in the Rio Dagua, Valley, Valle,
Colombia; upper tropical and lower subtropical zones.
Henicorhina leucosticta inornata Hellmayr
Henicorhina inornata Hellmayr, 1903, Journ. f. Orn., 51, p. 528
— Lita, Imbabura, Ecuador.
Tropical forests of the Pacific lowlands and slopes from the upper
Rio San Juan, Chocd, Colombia south to Pichincha, Ecuador.
Henicorhina leucosticta hauxwelli Chubb
Henicorhina leucosticta hauxwelli Chubb, 1920, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl.,
40, p. 156 — Elvira, Rio Maranon, Peru.
Tropical forests on the eastern slopes of the Andes and adjacent
lowlands from Meta, Colombia southward through eastern Ecuador
and northeastern Peru to Huanuco, eastern-central Peru.
HENICORHINA LEUCOPHRYS
Henicorhina leucophrys mexicana Nelson
Henicorhina mexicana Nelson, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 73 — Jico, Vera-
cruz, Mexico.
Upper tropical and cloud forests of eastern Mexico in eastern San
Luis Potosi, Puebla, central Veracruz, and northern Oaxaca.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 433
Henicorhina leucophrys festiva Nelson
Henicorhina leucophrys festiva Nelson, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 16, p. 158 — Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico.
Western Mexico in cloud forests of western Michoacan and Guer-
rero.
Henicorhina leucophrys castanea Ridgway
Henicorhina leucophrys castanea Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 16, p. 168 — eastern Guatemala.
Eastern slopes of Chiapas, Mexico and Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.
Henicorhina leucophrys capitalis Nelson
Henicorhina leucophrys capitalis Nelson, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 74 —
Pinabete [ca. 48 mi. N. Tapachula, Soconusco], Chiapas, Mexico.
Slopes of western Chiapas, Mexico, western Guatemala, and cen-
tral El Salvador.
Henicorhina leucophrys composita Griscom
Henicorhina leucophrys composita Griscom, 1932, Proc. New Eng-
land Zool. Cl., 13, p. 61 — Cerro Cantoral, Francisco Morazan,
Honduras.
Subtropical zone of the south-central highlands of Honduras.
Henicorhina leucophrys collina Bangs
Henicorhina collina Bangs, 1902, Proc. New England Zool. CL.,
3, p. 55 — Boquéte (alt. 6,000 ft.), Volean de Chiriqui, Chiriqui,
Panama.
Highlands of Costa Rica and of Chiriqui and Veraguas, western
Panama.
Henicorhina leucophrys anachoreta Bangs
Henicorhina anachoreta Bangs, 1899, Proc. New England Zool. CL.,
1, p. 84 — Paramo de Chirtigua (alt. 12,000 ft.), Sierra Nevada
de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.
At altitudes above 2,400 m. (usually) in the temperate and upper
subtropical zones of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena,
Colombia. Occasional overlap of range with H. 1. bangsi is probably
seasonal.
Henicorhina leucophrys bangsi Ridgway
Henicorhina hilaris bangsi Ridgway, 1903, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 16, p. 168 — San Francisco, Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.
Between about 600 and 2,100 m. in the subtropical and upper
tropical zones of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena,
Colombia.
434 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Henicorhina leucophrys manastarae Aveledo and Gines
Henicorhina leucophrys manastarae Aveledo and Gines, 1952, Nov.
Cien. (Mus. Hist. Nat. La Salle), zool. ser., no. 6, p. 9 — Ma-
nastara (alt. 1,140m.), Rio Negro, Sierra de Perijé, Zulia,
Venezuela.
Known only from the subtropical zone, in the vicinity of the Alto
Rio Negro, Zulia, Venezuela.
Henicorhina leucophrys venezuelensis Hellmayr
Henicorhina leucophrys venezuelensis Hellmayr, 1903, Journ. f.
Orn., 51, p. 530 — Cerro Bucarito, near El Tocuyo, Lara, Vene-
zuela.
Subtropical zone of the coastal range of Venezuela from Lara east
to Miranda.
Henicorhina leucophrys meridana Todd
Henicorhina leucophrys meridana Todd, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 45, p. 11 — Altos de Tabay, Mérida, Venezuela.
Temperate and subtropical zones in the Andes of western Vene-
zuela in Tachira (except the westernmost portion), Mérida, and
Trujillo.
Henicorhina leucophrys tamae Zimmer and Phelps
Henicorhina leucophrys tamae Zimmer and Phelps, 1944, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1270, p. 13 — Paramo de Tama Camp (alt.
2,540 ft.), Tachira, Venezuela.
Temperate and subtropical zones in extreme western Tachira,
Venezuela and subtropical zone on the eastern slope of the Cordil-
lera Oriental, Colombia, including the Cordillera Macarena.
Henicorhina leucophrys leucophrys (Tschudi)
Troglodytes leucophrys Tschudi, 1844, Arch. f. Naturg., 10 (1),
p. 282 — Peru.
Subtropical and temperate zones in Colombia on the western slope
of the Cordillera Oriental, on both slopes of the Cordillera Central,
and on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Occidental, and in the
subtropical zone on the western slope in Narino; subtropical zone
of Ecuador, except the extreme north and the southwest; sub-
tropical zone of Peru.
Henicorhina leucophrys brunneiceps Chapman
Henicorhina leucophrys brunneiceps Chapman, 1914, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, p. 181 — La Gallera (alt. 5,700 ft.), Cauca,
Colombia.
Subtropical and upper tropical zones of the western slope of the
Cordillera Occidental of Colombia from the Rio San Juan south-
ward to extreme northern Ecuador (Imbabura).
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 435
Henicorhina leucophrys hilaris Berlepsch and Taczanowski
Henicorhina hilaris Berlepsch and Taczanowski, 1884, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, p. 284 — Chaguarpata (alt. 5,700 ft.), Chimborazo,
Ecuador.
Southwestern Ecuador in subtropical zone; intergrading with
nominate race in central Ecuador.
?Henicorhina leucophrys boliviana Todd
Henicorhina leucophrys boliviana Todd, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 45, p. 10 — Incachaca, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Subtropical zone of Cochabamba, La Paz, and Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
Genus MICROCERCULUS Scuater
Microcerculus Sclater, 1862, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 19. Type,
by subsequent designation, T’urdus bambla Boddaert (Baird,
1864, Rev. Amer. Birds, 1, p. 113).
cf. Griscom, 1932, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 360-365 (M. mar-
ginatus).
MICROCERCULUS MARGINATUS
Microcerculus marginatus philomela (Salvin)
Cyphorhinus philomela Salvin, 1861, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 202 — Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.
Eastern slopes of Chiapas, Mexico, of Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala,
and of Honduras; reappearing at moderate elevations in Costa Rica
and Panama; intergrades in easternmost Panama and extreme north-
western Colombia (Jurado).
Microcerculus marginatus taeniatus Salvin
Microcerculus taeniatus Salvin, 1881, Ibis, p. 130, pl. 3, fig. 2 —
Balzar, Guayas, Ecuador.
Microcerculus marginatus occidentalis Hellmayr, 1906, Novit.
Zool., 13, p. 354 — Lita (alt. 3,000 ft.), Imbabura, Ecuador.
Microcerculus squamulatus antioquensis Chapman, 1915, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34, p. 647 — Dabeiba (alt. 2,000 ft.),
Rio Sucio, Antioquia, Colombia.
Pacific lowlands and slopes, to about 3,000 feet, from south-
western Bolivar, Colombia to Guayas, Ecuador.
?Microcerculus marginatus corrasus Bangs
Microcerculus corrasus Bangs, 1902, Proc. New England Zool. Cl.,
3, p. 87 —Chirta (alt. 7,000 ft.), Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.
Between 600 and 2,100 meters in the Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta, Magdalena, Colombia; possibly not separable from M. m.
squamulatus.
436 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Microcerculus marginatus squamulatus Sclater and Salvin
Microcerculus squamulatus Sclater and Salvin, 1875, Proc. Zool.
Soe. London, p. 37, pl. 6 — San Cristobal, Tachira, Venezuela.
Mountains of northern and northwestern Venezuela and adjacent
northeastern Colombia (Norte de Santander).
Microcerculus marginatus marginatus (Sclater)
Heterocnemis marginata Sclater, 1855, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
23, p. 145 — ““Bogota’’, Colombia.
Microcerculus marginatus bolivianus Carriker, 1935, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 87, p. 337 — Santa Ana (alt. 2,200 ft.),
Coroico, La Paz, Bolivia.
Amazon Basin from extreme western Amazonas, Venezuela and
the eastern foot of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, through
eastern Ecuador and Peru south to northeastern Bolivia, and east-
ward through northern Brazil to Para; not ranging north of the
Amazon east of the Rio Negro.
MICROCERCULUS USTULATUS
Microcerculus ustulatus duidae Chapman
Microcerculus ustulatus duidae Chapman, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 380, p. 23 — Cerro Duida (alt. 6,700 ft.), Amazonas, Vene-
zuela.
Subtropical zone on the mountains of Duida, Yavi, Paraque, and
Sierra de Curupira, Amazonas, Venezuela.
Microcerculus ustulatus lunatipectus Zimmer and Phelps
Microcerculus ustulatus lunatipectus Zimmer and Phelps, 1946,
Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1312, p. 17 — Cerro Guaiquinima (alt.
1,300 m.), Rio Paragua, Bolivar, Venezuela.
Subtropical zone on the mountains of Guaiquinima, Chimanta-
tepui, and Paurai-tepui, Bolivar and on Cerro Pari, Amazonas,
Venezuela.
Microcerculus ustulatus obscurus Zimmer and Phelps
Microcerculus ustulatus obscurus Zimmer and Phelps, 1946, Amer.
Mus. Novit., no. 1312, p. 18 — Cerro Ptari-tepui (alt. 1,800 m.),
Bolivar, Venezuela.
Subtropical zone on the mountains of Ptari-tepui, Uei-tepui, and
Sororopén-tepui on the Gran Sabana of southeastern Bolivar, Vene-
zuela.
Microcerculus ustulatus ustulatus Salvin and Godman
Microcerculus ustulatus Salvin and Godman, 1883, Ibis, p. 204,
pl. 9, fig. 2 — Cerro Roraima, British Guiana [= Bolivar, Vene-
zuela].
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 437
Subtropical zone on the mountains of Roraima, Bolivar, Vene-
zuela and on Twek-quay, British Guiana.
MICROCERCULUS BAMBLA
Microcerculus bambla albigularis (Sclater)
Heterocnemis albigularis Sclater, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
26, p. 67 — Rio Napo, Ecuador.
Lowlands of eastern Ecuador east to Manacapurti on the Rio
Solimdes and Yucabi on the Negro, Amazonas, Brazil; eastern range
poorly known.
Microcerculus bambla caurensis Berlepsch and Hartert
Microcerculus caurensis Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool.,
9, p. 5 — Rio Nichare, Bolivar, Venezuela.
Amazonas and southern and southwestern Bolivar, Venezuela.
Microcerculus bambla bambla (Boddaert)
Formicerius bambla Boddaert, 1783, Tabl. Pl. Enl., p. 44 —
Cayenne.
Southeastern Venezuela (Cerro Auyan-tepui, Bolivar), British
Guiana, French Guiana, and northeastern Brazil south to the Ama-
zon and west at least to Obidos, Para
GENUS CYPHORHINUS Casanis
Cyphorhinus Cabanis, 1844, Arch. f. Naturg., 10 (1), p. 282. Type,
by monotypy, Cyphorhinus thoracicus Tschudi. (Not preoccupied
by Cyphorhina Lesson, 1843).
Leucolepis Reichenbach, 1850, Av. Syst. Nat., pl. 57. Type, by
subsequent designation, Formicarius musicus Boddaert [= Myr-
mornis arada Hermann] (Ridgway, 1904, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
50, pt. 3, p. 670).
cf. Todd, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 45, p. 12-14 (C. ara-
dus).
CYPHORHINUS THORACICUS!
Cyphorhinus thoracicus dichrous Sclater and Salvin
Cyphorhinus dichrous Sclater and Salvin, 1879, Proc. Zool. Soe.
London, p. 492, pl. 41 — Remedios [probably above], Antio-
quia, Colombia.
Tropical and subtropical (chiefly) zone of the central and western
Andes of Colombia, through Ecuador, to San Martin, Peru.
1 C. thoracicus and C.aradus form a superspecies.
29
438 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Cyphorhinus thoracicus thoracicus Tschudi
Cyphorhinus thoracicus Tschudi, 1844, Arch. f. Naturg., 10 (1),
p. 282 — Peru.
Tropical and subtropical zones of Peru from Huanuco south to
Puno.
CYPHORHINUS ARADUS
Cyphorhinus aradus richardsoni Salvin
Cyphorhinus richardsoni Salvin, 1893, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 1, p. 32
— Santo Domingo, Chontales, Nicaragua.
Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and adjacent southeastern Hon-
duras (Rio Coco [Rio Segovia)]).
Cyphorhinus aradus infuscatus Zimmer
Cyphorhinus lawrencii infuscatus Zimmer, 1932, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 573, p. 3 — Carrillo (alt. 1,000 ft.), Costa Rica.
Caribbean lowlands from Costa Rica to extreme northwestern
Panama (Almirante).
Cyphorhinus aradus lawrencii Lawrence
Cyphorhinus lawrencit Lawrence (ex Sclater ms), 1863, Ann. Lyc.
Nat. Hist. New York, 8, p. 5— Panama Railroad Route, Pa-
nama.
Lowlands of Panama (except the extreme northwestern portion),
and the region about the Golfo de Uraba, northwestern Colombia.
Cyphorhinus aradus propinquus (Todd)
Leucolepis phaeocephalus propinquus Todd, 1919, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 32, p. 114 — Jaraquiel, Bolivar, Colombia.
Tropical lowlands of northern Colombia ranging up to about 500
meters in the valleys.
Cyphorhinus aradus chocoanus (de Schauensee)
Leucolepis phaeocephala chocoana de Schauensee, 1946, Not. Nat.
Philadelphia, no. 161, p.6— Alto del Buey (alt. 3,000 ft.),
above the Rio Baud6, Chocd, Colombia.
Pacific lowlands and slopes of Chocd, Colombia, from near the
Panama border (Rio Jurado) south to the mountains above Baud,
and in the Rio Atrato valley. Intergrades with Jawrencii in northern
range.
Cyphorhinus aradus phaeocephalus Sclater
Cyphorinus phaeocephalus Sclater, 1860, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
28, p. 291 — Esmeraldas, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE 439
Pacific lowlands from southern Chocdé, Colombia to El Oro,
Ecuador.
Cyphorhinus aradus urbanoi (Zimmer and Phelps)
Leucolepis arada urbanoi Zimmer and Phelps, 1946, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1312, p. 19 — Rio Caruai (alt. 1,000 m.), near Cerro
Ptari-tepui, Bolivar, Venezuela.
Tropical zone and lower fringes of subtropical zone in northern
part of the Gran Sabana, eastern Bolivar, Venezuela.
Cyphorhinus aradus aradus (Hermann)
Myrm{ornis] arada Hermann, 1783, Tabl. Aff. Anim., p. 211,
note r — Cayenne.
Central Gran Sabana, southeastern Bolivar, Venezuela, the Guia-
nas, and adjacent northeastern Brazil south to the Amazon and
west to the Rio Negro, with the exception of the area occupied by
C. a. faroensis.
Cyphorhinus aradus faroensis (Zimmer and Phelps)
Leucolepis arada faroensis Zimmer and Phelps, 1946, Amer. Mus.
Novit., no. 1312, p. 19 — Faro (Castanhal), Rio Jamunda, north
bank of the Amazon, Para, Brazil.
Northern Brazil in the region about Faro and Obidos on the north
bank of the Amazon, probably west to the Rio Negro.
Cyphorhinus aradus griseolateralis Ridgway
Cyphorhinus griseolateralis Ridgway, 1888, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
(1887), 10, p. 518 — Diamantina, near Santarém, Rio Tapajos,
Para, Brazil.
Northern Brazil on the right bank of the Amazon west to the
right bank of the Rio Tapajés and south at least to the Rio Jamau-
chim; eastern limits unknown.
Cyphorhinus aradus interpositus (Todd)
Leucolepis modulator interpositus Todd, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 45, p. 13 — Vila Braga, Para, Brazil.
Brazil, south of the Amazon from the left bank of the Rio Ta-
pajos west to the Rio Madeira and south to northern Mato Grosso.
Cyphorhinus aradus transfluvialis (Todd)
Leucolepis modulator transfluvialis Todd, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 45, p. 13 — Manacapurt, Rio Solimées, Amazo-
nas, Brazil.
Northern side of the Amazon from the Rio Negro, Brazil east to
the base of the Andes in Caqueta, Colombia; northern limits un-
known.
29*
440 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Cyphorhinus aradus salvini Sharpe
Cyphorinus salvini Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6, p. 292,
pl. 18, fig. 1 — Rio Napo, Ecuador.
Southeastern Colombia (Putumayo), eastern Ecuador, and north-
eastern Peru (Lorito).
Cyphorhinus aradus modulator (d’Orbigny)
Thryothorus modulator d’Orbigny, 1838, Voy. Amér. Mérid., Ois.,
p- 230 — Yungas, Bolivia.
Leucolepis modulator rutilans Todd, 1932, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 45, p. 12 — Sao Paulo de Olivenga, Rio Solimées, Ama-
zonas, Brazil.
Lowlands of eastern Peru and northern Bolivar eastward through
western Brazil, south of the Amazon, to the Rio Madeira.
Famity MIMIDAE
JOHN Davis
ALDEN H. MILLER
cf. Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 184-271.
Hellmayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt.7,
p- 295-303 (Toxostoma), 306-333 (Mimus), 339-342 (Allenia,
Margarops), 347-350 (Donacobius).
Bond, 1956, Check-list Birds West Indies, ed. 4, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, p. 121-126.
Genus DUMETELLA S. D. W.
Dumetella S. D.W., 1837, Analyst, 5, p. 206. Type, by monotypy,
Turdus felivox Vieillot = Muscicapa carolinensis Linnaeus.
cf. Rand and Traylor, 1949, Auk, 66, p. 25-28.
DUMETELLA CAROLINENSIS
Common Catbird
Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus)
[Muscicapa] carolinensis Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1,
p. 328 — in Carolina = Virginia.
Dumetella carolinensis ruficrissa Aldrich, 1946, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 59, p. 132 — Colville Lake, Sprague, Washington.
Breeds from southern British Columbia, central Alberta, southern
Manitoba, western and southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and
Nova Scotia south to eastern Oregon, north-central Utah, east-
central Arizona, north-central New Mexico, western Oklahoma,
Texas, and the Gulf states, and rarely to southern Florida. Winters
FAMILY MIMIDAE 441
from the Gulf states, eastern North Carolina, and southeastern Vir-
ginia south to Panama (Canal Zone), islands of the western Carib-
bean, the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and the Lesser An-
tilles (Anguilla).
GENUS MELANOPTILA Sctuater!
Melanoptila Sclater, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 25 (1857),
p. 275. Type, by monotypy, Melanoptila glabrirostris Sclater.
MELANOPTILA GLABRIROSTRIS
Black Catbird
Melanoptila glabrirostris Sclater
M{elanoptila]. glabrirostris Sclater, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, 25 (1857), p. 275 — in rep. Honduras, prope urbem Omoa.
Dumetella glabrirostris cozumelana Paynter, 1954, Postilla, Yale
Univ., no. 18, p. 3 — Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Northern and eastern sections of the Yucatan Peninsula (includ-
ing Holbox, Mujeres, and Cozumel islands) south through British
Honduras and northern Guatemala (Petén) to the northern coast
of Honduras.
Genus MELANOTIS Bonaparte
Melanotis Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 276. Type, by
monotypy, T'urdus melanotis Temminck = Orpheus caerulescens
Swainson.
MELANOTIS CAERULESCENS
Blue Mockingbird
Melanotis caerulescens longirostris Nelson
Melanotis caerulescens longirostris Nelson, 1898, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 12, p. 10 — Maria Madre Island, Mexico.
Tres Marias Islands off the coast of Nayarit, Mexico.
Melanotis caerulescens caerulescens (Swainson)
Orpheus caerulescens Swainson, 1827, Philos. Mag., n.s., 1, p. 369
— Mexico.
Melanotis caerulescens effuticius Bangs and Penard, 1921, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, p. 91 — Chihuahua [= Sonora], Ha-
cienda de San Rafael.
Mexico in southern Sonora, southwestern Chihuahua, western
Durango, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacan, Guerrero,
1 Paynter, Peabody Mus. Yale Univ., Bull. 9, 1955, p. 224, 225 does not
recognize this genus, remarking that it is a black representative of Dumetella.
442 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Guanajuato, México, Morelos, eastern San Luis Potosi, southern
Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, Puebla, northern and central Veracruz,
Oaxaca, and western Chiapas (Ocozocoautla).
MELANOTIS HYPOLEUCUS
Blue-and-white Mockingbird
Melanotis hypoleucus Hartlaub
Melanotis hypoleucus Hartlaub, 1852, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris),
ser. 2, 4, p. 460 — Guatemala!.
Southeastern Mexico in State of Chiapas south through Guate-
mala to northern Honduras (Volcan de Puca) and El Salvador.
GENUS MIMUS Botr
Mimus Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, p. 972. Type, by monotypy,
Turdus polyglottos Linnaeus.
cf. Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil, 2, p. 353-358 (gilvus, saturninus,
triurus).
Goodall, Johnson, and Philippi, 1946, Aves de Chile, 1, p. 45-
48. (thenca, triurus, patagonicus).
Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cien. Nat.,
12, p. 238-239. (gilvus).
de Schauensee, 1951, Caldasia, 5, p. 909-910. (gilvus).
MIMUS POLYGLOTTOS
Northern Mockingbird
Mimus polyglottos polyglottos (Linnaeus)
[Turdus] polyglottos Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 169
— in Virginia.
Resident from eastern Nebraska, southern Iowa, central Illinois,
central Indiana, central northern Ohio, southern Pennsylvania,
central New Jersey, and southeastern Massachusetts south to south-
eastern Texas, the Gulf coast, southern Florida, and Key West.
Casual in south-central and southeastern Canada and the north-
central and northeastern United States. Introduced in Bermuda.
Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vigors)
Orpheus leucopterus Vigors, 1839, in Zool. Beechey’s Voy. ‘Blossom’
p. 17 — type locality not indicated. Fixed as Monterey, Mon-
terey County, California by Grinnell, 1932, Univ. Calif. Publ.
Zool., 38, p. 294.
1 Hellmayr considered Melanotis hypoleucus subspecifically related to M.
caerulescens because of the partly white ventral plumage of aberrant specimens
of M.c. longirostris from the Tres Marias Islands. Areas of white plumage
occur in these specimens in such random fashion that they have no bearing
on interspecific relationships within Melanotis. cf. Wetmore, 1941, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 89, p. 562.
FAMILY MIMIDAE 443
Northern California, southeastern Oregon, northern Nevada,
northern Utah, southeastern Wyoming, and southwestern South
Dakota south through the western United States and Mexico to
southern Baja California and Oaxaca (Isthmus of Tehuantepec).
Mimus polyglottos orpheus (Linnaeus)
[Turdus] orpheus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 169 —
in America = Jamaica.
Mimus elegans Sharpe, 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6, p. 337 [key],
339 — island of Inagua.
The Bahamas from Grand Bahama southeast to Grand Turk and
the Greater Antilles (excluding the Swan Islands, Little Cayman,
Cayman Brac, and Beata Island) east to Anegada. Introduced on
Barbados, but now extirpated.
MIMUS GILVUS!
Tropical Mockingbird
Mimus gilvus gracilis Cabanis
M{imus]. gracilis Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Hein., 1, p. 83, footnote —
““Central-Amerika (Honduras?).”’
Southern Mexico in states of Oaxaca (Isthmus of Tehuantepec),
southern Veracruz, northern coastal Tabasco, and Chiapas southeast
through Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador (Department of
Chalatenango).
Mimus gilvus leucophaeus Ridgway
Mimus gracilis leucophaeus Ridgway, 1888, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
10 (1887), p. 506 — Cozumel [Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico].
Mimus gilvus clarus van Rossem, 1934, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
77, p. 401 — Camp Mengel [= Villa Obregén], Quintana Roo,
Mexico.
Southeastern Mexico in states of Tabasco (Montecristo), Cam-
peche, Yucaton, and Quintana Roo (including Cozumel, Holbox,
and Mujeres islands) and British Honduras (southeast to Glover
Reef).
Mimus gilvus antillarum Hellmayr and Seilern
Mimus gilvus antillarum Hellmayr and Seilern, 1915, Verh.
Orn. Ges. Bayern, 12, p. 201 — Grenada.
Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, the Grenadines, and Grenada,
Lesser Antilles. Introduced on Barbados and Nevis, but now extir-
pated.
1 Mimus gilvus may be subspecifically related to Mimus polyglottos, as
hybrids have been taken in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, where the
two forms come together. cf. Wetmore, 1943, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 93,
p- 302-303.
444 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Mimus gilvus tobagensis Dalmas
Mimus gilvus tobagensis Dalmas, 1900, Mem. Soc. Zool. France,
13, p. 134 — Ile de Tobago.
Islands of Tobago and Trinidad.
Mimus gilvus rostratus Ridgway
Mimus gilvus rostratus Ridgway, 1884, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7,
p. 173 — Island of Curagoa [= Curagao], Venezuela.
Islands of Aruba, Curagao, Orchila, Tortuga, and Blanquilla, the
Los Hermanos Archipelago (Horquilla), Margarita Island, and the
Testigos Islands.
Mimus gilvus magnirostris Cory
Mimus magnirostris Cory, 1887, Auk, 4, p. 178 — St. Andrews
Island.
St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea.
Mimus gilvus tolimensis Ridgway
Mimus gilvus tolimensis Ridgway, 1904, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 47,
p- 113 — Plains of Tolima, Colombia.
Western and central Colombia in the departments of Chocd, An-
tioquia, Caldas, Tolima, Cundinimarca, Valle, Cauca, and Huila.
Mimus gilvus melanopterus Lawrence
Mimus melanopterus Lawrence, 1849, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New
York, 5, (1852), p. 35 — Venezuela.
Colombia in the departments of Atlantico, Magadalena, Norte de
Santander, Boyaca, and the Intendencia of Meta east through Vene-
zuela (except the central southern part) to British Guiana and the
adjacent part of extreme northern Brazil (upper Rio Branco).
Mimus gilvus gilvus (Vieillot)
Turdus gilvus Vieillot, 1808?, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amér. Sept., 2, p. 15,
pl. 68 bis —la Guiane et les contrées les plus chaudes de ’Amé-
rique septentrionale. French Guiana suggested by Hellmayr,
1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7, p. 313.
French Guiana and Dutch Guiana.
Mimus gilvus antelius Oberholser
Turdus lividus Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl. Berlin. Mus.,
p. 39 — Bahia [,Brazil]. Not Turdus lividus Wilson, 1810.
Mimus antelius Oberholser, 1919, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
32, p. 128. New name for Turdus lividus Lichtenstein, pre-
occupied.
FAMILY MIMIDAE 445
Littoral of northern and eastern Brazil from Para (Cajtituba) to
Rio de Janeiro (Lagéa Feia, Marambaia Island).
MIMUS GUNDLACHII
Mimus gundlachii gundlachii Cabanis
Mimus Gundlachii Cabanis, 1855, Journ. f. Orn., 3, p. 470 —
Cuba.
Cays off the northern coast of Cuba opposite Caibarién and San
Juan de los Perros, and the Bahamas from Little Abaco (not Abaco
or Grand Bahama) south to Great Inagua and the Caicos Islands.
Mimus gundlachii hillii March
Mimus Hillii March, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
p. 291. cf. Hill, 1863, cbid., p. 304, 305 — Jamaica.
Island of Jamaica.
MIMUS THENCA
Chilean Mockingbird
Mimus thenca (Molina)
Turdus thenca Molina, 1782, Saggio Stor. Nat. Chile, p. 250, 345
— Chile.
Chile from the Province of Atacama (Rio Copiapo) south to the
Province of Valdivia.
MIMUS LONGICAUDATUS!
Long-tailed Mockingbird
Mimus longicaudatus platensis Chapman
Mimus longicaudatus platensis Chapman, 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
no. 143, p. 15 — La Plata Island, off Prov. Manavi, western
Ecuador.
La Plata Island off the Province of Manavi, western Ecuador.
Mimus longicaudatus albogriseus Lesson
Mimus albogriseus Lesson, 1844, Echo du Monde Savant, 11,
2nd sem., no. 28, col. 346 [658], Oct. 13 (reprint, p. 214) —
Gayaquil = Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Southwestern Ecuador (north to Caraques Bay) and extreme
northern Peru in Department of Piura (Romeros, Sullana).
Mimus longicaudatus longicaudatus Tschudi
M{imus]. longicaudatus Tschudi, 1844, Arch. f. Naturg., 10, Band 1,
p- 280—in Republica Peruana. Lima, Peru, suggested by Hell-
mayr, 1934, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 13, pt. 7,
p. 325.
1 Mimus longicaudatus may be subspecifically related to Mimus thenca.
446 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Western Peru from Department of Libertad south to Department
of Ica.
Mimus longicaudatus maranonicus Carriker
Mimus longicaudatus maranonicus Carriker, 1933, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 85, p. 33 — Soquian, Prov. Huama-
chuco, Dept. Libertad, Peru, alt. 6,000 feet (Marafion Valley).
Upper Marafion Valley of Peru.
MIMUS SATURNINUS
Mimus saturninus saturninus (Lichtenstein)
Turdus saturninus Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl. Berlin. Mus.,
p. 39 — Para = Rio Tapajoz, Para, Brazil.
Rio Tapajoz (Santarém) and lower Amazon River (Monte Alegre),
State of Para, northern Brazil.
Mimus saturninus arenaceus Chapman
Mimus arenaceus Chapman, 1890, Auk, 7, 135 — Bahia, Brazil.
Northeastern Brazil in states of Paraiba (Santa Lucia, Campina
Grande), Pernambuco, Alagoas (Palmeira dos Indios), and Baia (east
of the Rio Sao Francisco).
Mimus saturninus frater Hellmayr
Mimus saturninus frater Hellmayr, 1903, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien, 53, p. 220 —Ypanema, S[ao]. Paulo.
Northern Bolivia (Chatarona, Rio Beni, Rio Mamoré) and Brazil
in states of Mato Grosso, Goiaz, Maranhao, Piaui, northwestern
Baia (Rio Preto), Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo.
Mimus saturninus modulator (Gould)
Orpheus modulator Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 4, p. 6
— “in Fretu Magellanico,” error. Mouth of the Rio Plata, Uru-
guay, substituted by Hellmayr, 1914, Novit. Zool., 21, p. 159.
Southeastern Bolivia in departments of Chuquisaca and Tarija,
Paraguay, southern Brazil (State of Rio Grande do Sul), northern
Argentina from provinces of Catamarca, Salta, and Formosa south-
east to Province of Buenos Aires (Cape San Antonio), and Uruguay.
MIMUS PATAGONICUS
Patagonian Mockingbird
Mimus patagonicus (Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny)
Or| pheus]. patagonicus (nessun and d’ Orbigny, 1837, Syn. Av.,
im Mag. Zool. (Paris), 7, cl. 2, “pl. 77 a 79,” p. 19 — in Pata-
gonia = Rio Negro.
FAMILY MIMIDAE 447
Western and southern Argentina, from provinces of Jujuy and
Salta south to Province of Santa Cruz (Rio Chico), and southern
Chile (casual in Province of Valdivia).
MIMUS TRIURUS
White-banded Mockingbird
Mimus triurus (Vieillot)
Turdus triurus Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd.,
20, p. 275 — Paraguay.
Central and eastern Bolivia in departments of Cochabamba, Santa
Cruz, and Tarija, Brazil in states of Mato Grosso (extreme south-
western strip bordering on Bolivia) and Rio Grande do Sul (Uru-
guaiana, Itaqui), Paraguay, Uruguay, and all of Argentina south
to the Rio Negro.
MIMUS DORSALIS
Mimus dorsalis (Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny)
Or[pheus]. dorsalis Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny, 1837, Syn. Av., in
Mag. Zool. (Paris), 7, cl. 2, “pl. 77 a 79,” p.18—=in Andiis,
rep. Boliviana = Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Bolivia, mainly in the Puna zone, in departments of La Paz, Co-
chabamba, Oruro, Potosi, and Tarija, and extreme northwestern
Argentina in Province of Jujuy (Tilcara, Maimara).
GEeNus NESOMIMUS Ripeway
Nesomimus Ridgway, 1890, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 12 (1889), p.102.
Type, by original designation, Orpheus melanotis Gould = Or-
pheus trifasciatus Gould.
cf. Swarth, 1931, Occ. Papers California Acad. Sci., 18, p. 104-131.
NESOMIMUS TRIFASCIATUS
Nesomimus trifasciatus trifasciatus (Gould)
Orpheus trifasciatus Gould, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5, p. 27
— the Galapagos = Charles Island. cf. Swarth, 1931, Occ. Papers
California Acad. Sci., 18, p. 114, footnote.
Gardner Island and Champion Island near Charles, in Galapagos
Archipelago. Formerly on Charles Island, where it now appears to
be extinct.
Nesomimus trifasciatus macdonaldi Ridgway
Nesomimus macdonaldi Ridgway, 1890, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12
(1889), p. 103 — Hood Island, Galapagos.
Hood Island and Gardner Island near Hood, Galapagos Archipe-
ago.
448 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Nesomimus trifasciatus melanotis (Gould)
Orpheus melanotis Gould, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5, p. 27
— the Galapagos.
Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago.
Nesomimus trifasciatus parvulus (Gould)
Orpheus parvulus Gould, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 5, p. 27
— the Galapagos [type from Albemarle Island].
Narborough, Albemarle, Daphne, and Indefatigable islands, and
the Seymour Islands near Indefatigable, Galapagos Archipelago.
Nesomimus trifasciatus barringtoni Rothschild
Nesomimus carringtoni (typographical error) Rothschild, 1898, Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl., 8, p. vii in text — Barrington Island, Galapagos.
“carringtoni’’ corrected to “barringtont,” ibid., “Errata et Cor-
rigenda,”’ p. [iv] before text.
Barrington Island, Galapagos Archipelago.
Nesomimus trifasciatus personatus Ridgway
Nesomimus personatus Ridgway, 1890, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 12
(1889), p. 104 — Abingdon Island, Galapagos.
Nesomimus bindloei Ridgway, 1894, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17,
p- 358 — Bindloe Island.
Abingdon, Bindloe, James, and Jervis islands, Galapagos Archipe-
lago.
Nesomimus trifasciatus wenmani Swarth
Nesomimus parvulus wenmani Swarth, 1931, Occ. Papers Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., 18, p. 129 — Wenman Island, Galapagos Ar-
chipelago.
Wenman Island, Galapagos Archipelago.
Nesomimus trifasciatus hulli Rothschild
Nesomimus hulli Rothschild, 1898, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, p. li in
text — Culpepper Island.
Culpepper Island, Galapagos Archipelago.
Nesomimus trifasciatus bauri Ridgway
Nesomimus bauri Ridgway, 1894, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 17, p. 357
— Tower Island.
Tower Island, Galapagos Archipelago.
Genus MIMODES RipGway
Mimodes Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 45. Type,
by monotypy, Harporhynchus graysoni Lawrence.
FAMILY MIMIDAE 449
MIMODES GRAYSONI
Socorro Thrasher
Mimodes graysoni (Lawrence)
Harporhynchus graysoni Lawrence, “Baird ms’’, 1871, Ann. Lyc.
Nat. Hist. New York, 10, p. 1 — Socorro Island, Mexico.
Socorro Island, Revillagigedo group, off the west coast of Mexico.
GENUS OREOSCOPTES Batrp
Oreoscoptes Baird, 1858, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep.
Expl Surv. Kh. k. Pac: 9, p. xxxxv’ — xxxv. Type, by mo-
notypy, Orpheus montanus Townsend.
OREOSCOPTES MONTANUS
Sage Thrasher
Oreoscoptes montanus (Townsend)
Orpheus montanus Townsend, 1837, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi-
ladelphia, 7, p. 192 — “plains of the Rocky Mountains” =
Sandy Creek, lat. 42° N., long. 109° 30’ W., Wyoming.
Breeds from southern interior British Columbia, Montana (Bil-
lings), and southwestern Saskatchewan south to southern border of
the Mohave Desert of California (Victorville), and northern New
Mexico (Grant, Santa Fe). Winters from central and southwestern
California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, southern New Mexico,
and central and southern Texas south to southern Baja California
and on the mainland of Mexico to the State of Guanajuato.
Genus TOXOSTOMA WaGLER
Toxostoma Wagler, 1831, Isis von Oken, 24, p. 528. Type, by
monotypy, Toxostoma vetula Wagler = Orpheus curvirostris
Swainson.
cf. Engels, 1940, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 42, p. 385-395.
TOXOSTOMA RUFUM
Brown Thrasher
Toxostoma rufum rufum (Linnaeus)
[Turdus] rufus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 169 — in
America septentrionali et meridionali = South Carolina.
Breeds from northern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, northern
Michigan, southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and southwestern
Maine south to eastern Texas, the southern parts of the Gulf states,
and southern Florida. Winters from Arkansas, southern Tennessee,
northern Georgia, North Carolina, and southern Maryland south to
450 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
southeastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida; casually
in Nebraska, Missouri, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, south-
ern Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Massa-
chusetts.
Toxostoma rufum longicauda (Baird)
H{arporhynchus|. longicauda Baird, 1858, in Baird, Cassin, and
Lawrence, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac., 9, p. 353 — Republican
Fork = Republican River, northwestern Kansas.
Breeds from southeastern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, south-
ern Manitoba, and extreme western Ontario south through Montana,
eastern Wyoming, southwestern Nebraska, eastern Colorado, and
western Kansas. Winters from eastern Oklahoma to central and
southeastern Texas, southern Louisiana, and southern Mississippi,
casually north to southeastern Wyoming. Casual in Oregon, Cali-
fornia, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.
TOXOSTOMA LONGIROSTRE
Long-billed Thrasher
Toxostoma longirostre sennetti (Ridgway)
Harporhynchus longirostris sennetti Ridgway, 1888, Proc. U. 8.
Nat. Mus., 10 (1887), p. 506 — southern Texas = Lomita, near
Hidalgo, Texas.
Central southern Texas and Mexico in states of Coahuila (eastern),
San Luis Potosi (Rio Verde, Villa Tamuin), Nuevo Leén, and Ta-
maulipas (Magiscatzin, Altamira).
Toxostoma longirostre longirostre (Lafresnaye)
[Orpheus] longirostris Lafresnaye, 1838, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 1, p. 55
—du Mexique et de la Californie = Mexico.
Eastern Mexico in northeastern Querétaro, extreme southeastern
San Luis Potosi (Xilitla, Taninul), northeastern Hidalgo, north-
eastern Puebla, and northern and central Veracruz (south to Cor-
doba).
TOXOSTOMA GUTTATUM
Cozumel Trasher
Toxostoma guttatum (Ridgway)
Harporhynchus guttatus Ridgway, 1885, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing-
ton, 3, p. 21 — Cozumel [Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico].
Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
TOXOSTOMA CINEREUM
Gray Thrasher
Toxostoma cinereum mearnsi (Anthony)
Harporhynchus cinereus mearnsi Anthony, 1895, Auk, 12, p. 53
—San Quintin, Lower California.
FAMILY MIMIDAE 451
West side of the peninsula of Baja California from lat. 31° 7’ N.
to lat. 28° 30’ N.
Toxostoma cinereum cinereum (Xantus)
Harporhynchus cinereus Xantus, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi-
ladelphia, 11 (1859), p.298— Cape St. Lucas, Lower Calli-
fornia.
Cape district of Baja California south from lat. 28° N. on Pacific
slope and from Animas Bay on Gulf coast.
TOXOSTOMA BENDIREI
Bendire Thrasher
Toxostoma bendirei bendirei (Coues)
Harporhynchus Bendirei Coues, 1873, Amer. Nat., 7, p. 330, foot-
note — Tucson, Ariz.
Breeds from southeastern California (Providence Mountains),
southern Nevada (Delmar), and southern Utah (Escalante) south
through Arizona and southwestern New Mexico (Rodeo) to northern
Sonora (Magdalena), Mexico. Winters chiefly in Sonora and northern
Sinaloa, Mexico.
Toxostoma bendirei candidum van Rossem
Toxostoma bendirei candidum van Rossem, 1942, Trans. San Diego
Soe. Nat. Hist., 9, p. 381 — 10 miles north of Guaymas, So-
nora, Mexico.
Sonoran Desert of central western Sonora, Mexico.
Toxostoma bendirei rubricatum van Rossem
Toxostoma bendirei rubricatum van Rossem, 1942, Trans. San
Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 9, p. 381 — Tecoripa, southeastern So-
nora, Mexico.
State of Sonora, Mexico, breeding in the central and southern
interior (Tecoripa) ; in the non-breeding season from Pesqueira south
to Alamos, and to the coast at Tiburon Island and San Pedro Bay.
TOXOSTOMA OCELLATUM
Ocellated Thrasher
Toxostoma ocellatum (Sclater)
Harporhynchus ocellatus Sclater, 1862, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 18, pl. iii — Oaxaca [southwestern Mexico].
Mexico in states of Guanajuato, México, Morelos, Hidalgo, Puebla,
Veracruz, and Oaxaca.
452 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
TOXOSTOMA CURVIROSTRE
Curve-billed Thrasher
Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri (Coues)
H{arporhynchus]. curvirostris var. palmeri “Ridgw. ms’’ Coues,
1872, Key N. Amer. Birds, p. 351 — Tucson, Arizona.
Southwestern and central Arizona south to latitude 28° 30’ N. in
western and central Sonora, Mexico.
Toxostoma curvirostre insularum van Rossem
Toxostoma curvirostre insularum van Rossem, 1930, Trans. San
Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, p. 207 — San Estéban Island, Sonora,
Mexico.
San Esteban and Tiburon islands off the coast of central Sonora,
Mexico.
Toxostoma curvirostre maculatum (Nelson)
Harporhynchus curvirostris maculatus Nelson, 1900, Auk, 17,
p. 269 — Alamos, Sonora, Mexico.
Southern Sonora (north in the interior to Moctezuma), northern
Sinaloa, and adjoining southwestern Chihuahua (near Mina Abun-
dancia, State of Sonora), Mexico.
Toxostoma curvirostre occidentale (Ridgway)
Methriopterus curvirostris occidentalis Ridgway, 1882, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 5, p. 9 — coast region of western Mexico, in the
vicinity of Tepic and Mazatlan = Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
States of Sinaloa (from Culiacdén south), Nayarit, northwestern
Jalisco (Atoyac), and western Durango (Tamazula), Mexico.
Toxostoma curvirostre celsum Moore
Toxostoma curvirostre celsum Moore, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 54, p. 212 — Laguna Juanota, southwest Chihuahua,
Mexico.
Southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, western Texas, and
extreme northwestern Oklahoma, south in Mexico in northeastern
Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, northwestern Zacatecas, and western
Coahuila.
Toxostoma curvirostre curvirostre (Swainson)
Orpheus curvirostris Swainson, 1827, Philos. Mag., n.s., 1, p. 369
— Table land [of Mexico].
Mexico, in southern and southeastern Jalisco, Colima, Michoacan,
northern Guerrero, Querétaro, México, Morelos, San Luis Potosi,
Hidalgo, Puebla, eastern Veracruz, and Oaxaca (south to Mitla).
FAMILY MIMIDAE 453
Toxostoma curvirostre oberholseri Law
Toxostoma curvirostris oberholsert Law, 1928, Condor, 30, p. 151 —
San Diego, [Duval County], Texas.
Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico in eastern Coahuila,
Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas (south to Llera).
TOXOSTOMA LECONTEI
Le Conte Thrasher
Toxostoma lecontei lecontei Lawrence
Toxostoma Le Conter Lawrence, 1851, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New
York, 5 (1852), p. 121 — in California, near the junction of the
Gila and Colorado rivers = Fort Yuma, California.
California (western and southern San Joaquin Valley and the
Colorado, Mohave, and Inyo districts), southern Nevada, south-
western Utah, and central southern Arizona, and south in Mexico
to northeastern Baja California (Puerto de Calamajué) and north-
western Sonora (Puerto Lobos).
Toxostoma lecontei arenicola (Anthony)
Harporhynchus lecontei arenicola Anthony, 1897, Auk, 14, p. 167
— Rosalia Bay, Lower California.
West side of Baja California from latitude 29° N. to latitude 26°N.
TOXOSTOMA REDIVIVUM
California Thrasher
Toxostoma redivivum sonomae Grinnell
Toxostoma redivivum sonomae Grinnell, 1915, Pac. Coast Avifauna,
11, p. 155 — one mile west of Guerneville, Sonoma County,
California.
Northern California from southern Humboldt County and Tri-
nity and Shasta counties south to Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, and
Eldorado counties.
Toxostoma redivivum redivivum (Gambel)
Harpes rediviva Gambel, 1845, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
2, p. 264 — near Monterey, in Upper California.
California in the southern coastal districts (north to Monterey)
and the San Joaquin Valley, and northwestern Baja California south
to latitude 30° N.
TOXOSTOMA DORSALE
Crissal Thrasher
Toxostoma dorsale coloradense van Rossem
Toxostoma dorsale coloradense van Rossem, 1946, Condor, 48, p. 80
— Brawley, Imperial County, California, altitude minus 113 feet.
30
454 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Lower Colorado River valley of California and Arizona, the Co-
lorado Desert of California, and Mexico in northeastern Baja Cali-
fornia and northwestern Sonora.
Toxostoma dorsale dorsale Henry
Toxostoma dorsalis Henry, 1858, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-
phia, 10, Nos. 7-9, April-May, p.117 [suppressed page] — Fort
Thorn [, Dofia Ana County, New Mexico]. cf. Oberholser, 1920,
Auk, 37, p. 303.
Colorado River valley of southwestern Utah, southern Nevada,
Arizona, and California (west to Providence Mountains and south
to latitude 34° N.), east through central and southern Arizona,
southern New Mexico, and western Texas, and south in Mexico to
central Sonora, northern Chihuahua (Ramos), and northwestern
Coahuila (Sierra del Carmen).
Toxostoma dorsale trinitatis Grinnell
Toxostoma crissale trinitatis Grinnell, 1927, Condor, 29, p. 127 —
El Valle de la Trinidad, 2,500 feet altitude, lat. 31° 20’ N, Lower
California.
The Trinidad Valley of northern Baja California.
Toxostoma dorsale dumosum Moore
Toxostoma dorsale dumosum Moore, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, 54, p. 149. Portezuelo, Hidalgo, Mexico, altitude about
5,200 feet.
Mexico in states of Zacatecas, southern Coahuila (Diamante Pass),
San Luis Potosi, and Hidalgo.
Genus CINCLOCERTHIA Gray
Stenorhynchus (not of Lamarck, 1819) Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, 3 (1835), p. 186. Type, by monotypy, Stenorhyn-
chus ruficauda Gould.
Cinclocerthia Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 17. New name for
Stenorhynchus Gould, preoccupied.
CINCLOCERTHIA RUFICAUDA
Brown Trembler
Cinclocerthia ruficauda pavida Ridgway
Cinclocerthia ruficauda pavida Ridgway, 1904, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
47, p. 113 — St. Christopher, Lesser Antilles.
Cinclocerthia ruficauda sola Bangs, 1929, Proc. New England Zool.
Cl., 11, p. 40 — locality unknown. Montserrat suggested by
Bond, 1936, Birds West Indies, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
p- 280, footnote.
FAMILY MIMIDAE 455
Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, Nevis, Montserrat, and Bar-
buda(?), Lesser Antilles.
Cinclocerthia ruficauda tremula (Lafresnaye)
R{amphocinclus]. tremulus Lafresnaye, 1843, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 6,
p. 67 — Guadeloupe.
On Guadeloupe, including Grande Terre, Lesser Antilles.
Cinclocerthia ruficauda ruficauda (Gould)
Stenorhynchus ruficauda Gould, 1836, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 3
(1835), p. 186 — type locality not indicated. Restricted to Dom-
inica by Ridgway, 1907, Bull. U. 8. Nat..Mus., 50, pt. 4, p. 273,
footnote.
Dominica, Lesser Antilles.
Cinclocerthia ruficauda gutturalis (Lafresnaye)
R{amphocinclus|. gutturalis Lafresnaye, 1843, Rev. Zool. (Paris),
6, p. 67 — des Antilles = Martinique.
Martinique, Lesser Antilles.
Cinclocerthia ruficauda macrorhyncha Sclater
Cinclocerthia macrorhyncha Sclater, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 320 — in ins. S. Lucia, Antillensium
St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles.
Cinclocerthia ruficauda tenebrosa Ridgway
Cinclocerthia ruficauda tenebrosa Ridgway, 1904, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 47, p. 112 — Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.
St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.
GENUS RAMPHOCINCLUS Larresnayet!
Ramphocinclus Lafresnaye, 1843, Rev. Zool. (Paris), 6, p. 66.
Type, by original designation, T’urdus brachyurus Vieillot.
RAMPHOCINCLUS BRACHYURUS
White-breasted Trembler
Ramphocinclus brachyurus brachyurus (Vieillot)
Turdus brachyurus Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 20, p. 255 — Martinique.
Martinique, Lesser Antilles.
1 Has been considered to be congeneric with Cinclocerthia by some au-
thorities.
30*
456 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Ramphocinclus brachyurus sanctae-luciae Cory
Ramphocinclus sanctae-luciae Cory, 1887, Auk, 4, p. 94 — St.
Lucia, West Indies.
St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles.
GENUS DONACOBIUS Swarnson
Donacobius Swainson, 1832, Zool. Ilus., ser. 2, 2, text to plate 72.
Type, by monotypy, Donacobius vociferans Swainson = Turdus
atricapilla Linnaeus.
cf. Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil, 2, p. 258-260.
Traylor, 1948, Fieldiana: Zool., (Chicago), 31, p. 196-198.
Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1950, Bol. Soc. Venezolana Cien. Nat.,
12, p. 239-240.
de Schauensee, 1951, Caldasia, 5, p. 910-911.
Gyldenstolpe, 1951, Ark. f. Zool., Band 2, p. 279-280.
DONACOBIUS ATRICAPILLUS
Black-capped Mockingthrush
Donacobius atricapillus brachypterus Madarasz
Donacobius brachypterus Madarasz, 1913, Orn. Monatsb., 21, p. 22
— Aracatuca = Aracataca, Department of Magdalena, Co-
lombia.
Eastern Panama (Darién region) and the Tropical Zone of northern
Colombia on the lower Rio Atrato, in the Magdalena Valley south
to extreme northern Tolima (Honda), and in the Santa Marta region.
Donacobius atricapillus nigrodorsalis Traylor
Donacobius atricapillus nigrodorsalis Traylor, 1948, Fieldiana: Zool.,
(Chicago), 31, p. 196 —Yarinacocha [‘‘just north of Pucalpa’’],
Rio Ucayalli, Peru.
Southeastern Colombia in intendencias of Meta and Amazonas
and Comisaria of Caqueta, eastern Ecuador, and Peru east of the
Andes south to the Department of Madre de Dios (Boca Colorado).
Donacobius atricapillus atricapillus (Linnaeus)
[Turdus] atricapilla Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, p. 295
— Habitat ad Cap b. spei, error. Eastern Brazil substituted
as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9,
p- 4.
Venezuela, French Guiana, Dutch Guiana, British Guiana, prac-
tically the whole of Brazil south to Stata of Parana (Rio Paracai),
Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina in provinces of Corrientes
and Misiones.
FAMILY MIMIDAE 457
Donacobius atricapillus albo-vittatus Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny
D{onacobius|. albo-vittatus Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny, 1837, Syn.
Av., in Mag. Zool. (Paris), 7, cl. 2, “pl. 77 4 79,” p. 19 — Chi-
quitos et Guarayos [Department of Santa Cruz] (rep. Boliviana).
Eastern Bolivia in departments of Beni, Cochabamba, and Santa
Cruz, and Brazil in State of Acre(?)!.
Grenus ALLENIA Cory?
Allenia Cory, 1891, Auk, 8, p. 42. Type, by original designation,
Turdus montanus Lafresnaye = Muscicapa fusca P. L. 8. Mil-
ler.
cf. Voous, 1955, Studies Fauna Curagao Carib. Isl., 6, no. 25, p.
5
ALLENIA FUSCA
Scaly-breasted Thrasher
Allenia fusca (P. L. 8. Miiller)
Muscicapa fusca P. L. 8. Miller, 1776, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 170
— Martinique.
The Lesser Antilles from Saba and St. Eustatius south to Gre-
nada and Barbados.
GENUS MARGAROPS ScLATER
Cichlalopia (not of Bonaparte, 1854) Bonaparte, 1857, Rev. Mag.
Zool. (Paris), ser. 2, 9, p. 205. Type, by original designation,
Turdus densirostris Vieillot.
Margarops Sclater, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 27, p. 335. New
name for Cichlalopia Bonaparte.
cf. Voous, 1955, Studies Fauna Curacao Carib. Isl., 6, no. 25,
p- 59-60.
MARGAROPS FUSCATUS
Pearly-eyed Thrasher
Margarops fuscatus fuscatus (Vieillot)
Turdus fuscatus Vieillot, 1808?, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amér. Sept., 2, p. 1,
pl. 57 bis — les grandes iles Antilles et particuli¢érement a Porto-
Ricco et 4 Saint-Domingue.
The Bahamas from Watlings Island, Rum Cay, and Long Island
south to Inagua and the Caicos Islands, Hispaniola(?), Beata Island
off the south coast of the Dominican Republic, Mona and Desecheo
islands, and Puerto Rico east to Anguilla and southeast in the
Lesser Antilles to Désirade.
1 cf. Pinto, 1954, Pap. Avulsos Sao Paulo, 11, p. 407-408.
2 Has been considered to be congeneric with Margarops by some au-
thorities.
458 CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD
Margarops fuscatus densirostris (Vieillot)
Turdus densirostris Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv.
éd., 20, p. 232 — type locality not indicated = Martinique.
Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, and St. Lucia in the Lesser
Antilles.
Margarops fuscatus bonairensis Phelps and Phelps, Jr.
Margarops fuscatus bonairensis Phelps and Phelps, Jr., 1948,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 61, p. 171 — Fontein, Bonaire
Island, Dutch West Indies.
Bonaire Island and the Los Hermanos Archipelago (Horquilla
Island).
ADDENDUM
P. 148. Add after Anthus novaeseelandiae malayensis Eyton:
Anthus novaeseelandiae lugubris Walden
Corydalla lugubris Walden, 1875, Transact. Zool. Soc. London, 9,
pt. 2, p. 198 — Guimaras, Philippine Islands.
Throughout the Philippine Islands, including the Palawan sub-
region.
P. 240. Pycnonotus barbatus somaliensis Reichenow, 1905, is pre-
occupied by Pycnonotus importunus somaliensis (Reichenow), 1904,
and must be replaced by
Pycnonotus barbatus zeilae, nom. nov.
P. 372. Add. after Ptilogonys cinereus molybdophanes Ridgway :
PTILOGONYS CAUDATUS
Ptilogonys caudatus Cabanis
Ptilogonys caudatus Cabanis, 1861, Journ. f. Orn., 8 (1860), p. 402 —
Trazi, Costa Rica.
Upper subtropical and temperate zones of Costa Rica and ex-
treme western Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui).
2
ie
Pi le a
i” pes
INDEX
abariensis, Anthus, 164
abbotti, Celebesia, 182
abbotti, Coracina, 182
abbotti, Hirundo, 108
abbotti, Hypurolepis, 108
abbotti, Microtarsus, 228
Abbottornis, 367
abuensis, Otocompsa, 231
abuensis, Pycnonotus, 231
abyssinica, Cecropis, 113, 114
abyssinica, Galerida, 58
abyssinica, Hirundo, 114
acaciarum, Thryothorus, 408
Acanthinotus, 168
Acanthonotus, 168
acedis, Phyllastrephus, 264
acedis, Prosphorocichla, 264
Acritillas, 283
actia, Eremophila, 78
actia, Otocoris, 78
acutirostris, Calandrella, 47
adamauae, Phyllastrephus, 261
adamauae, Prionops, 310
adametzi, Phyllastrephus, 266
adamsi, Alauda, 48
adamsi, Calandrella, 48
adamsoni, Coracina, 174
adelaidensis, Anthus, 149
adendorffi, Mirafra, 16
admiralitatis, Coracina, 188
admiralitatis, Edolisoma, 188
adolfi-friederici, Dryoscopus, 319
adolfi-friederici, Malaconotus, 339
adusta, Hremophila, 79
adustus, Otocoris, 79
aédon, Troglodytes, 422
Aegithina, 300
aegyptiaca, Galerida, 59
aenigmaticus, Campylorhynchus, 383
aequalis, Stelgidopteryx, 93
aequanimis, Aegithina, 302
aequatorialis, Cistothorus, 392
aequatorialis, Corvinella, 342
aequatorialis, Petrochelidon, 122
aequatorialis, Urolestes, 342
Aérocharis, 369
aestuarinus, Cistothorus, 395
aestuarinus, Telmatodytes, 395
aethiopica, Hirundo, 110, 111
aethiopicus, Laniarius, 328
aethiopicus, Turdus, 328
Aéthocorys, 44
Aethorhynchus, 300
afer, Lanius, 314
afer, Molpastes, 237
afer, Nilaus, 314
affinis, Campylorhynchus, 381
affinis, Corvinella, 341
affinis, Criniger, 289
affinis, Dryoscopus, 318
affinis, Eremopterix, 31
affinis, Hapalophus, 318
affinis, Hypsipetes, 288, 289
affinis, Lalage, 204
affinis, Mirafra, 19
affinis, Nilaus, 316
affinis, Pericrocotus, 214
affinis, Phoenicornis, 214
affinis, Pyrrhulauda, 31
affinis, Symmorphus, 204
affinis, Tephrodornis, 220
affinis, Thryothorus, 414
afghanica, Hirundo, 105
Afranthus, 144
africana, Mirafra, 10, 12
africanoides, Mirafra, 16, 18
Africorys, 4
aguimp, Motacilla, 137, 140, 141
Aguimpa, 130
aguirrei, Galerida, 62
aharonii, Calandrella, 49
aharonii, Eremophila, 75
akeleyi, Ammomanes, 36
Alaemon, 39
alakulensis, Budytes, 133
alamoensis, Thryothorus, 409
alascensis, Budytes, 134
alascensis, Troglodytes, 417
alashanica, Galerida, 61
Alauda, 65
Alaudala, 44
Alaudidae, 3
alaudipes, Alaemon, 39
alaudipes, Upupa, 39
alba, Motacilla, 137, 138
alba, Pyenonotus, 247
alberti, Prionops, 312
albescens, Alauda, 26
albescens, Certhilauda, 26
albicans, Troglodytes, 425
462
albicauda, Mirafra, 8
albiceps, Psalidoproene, 126
albicilius, Buglodytes, 382
albicilius, Campylorhynchus, 382
albidior, Lalage, 201
albidus, Anthus, 148
albifrons, Certhia, 389
albifrons, Coraphites, 31
albifrons, Hirundo, 120
albifrons, Pericrocotus, 211
albifrons, Salpinctes, 389
albigena, Chelidon, 123
albigula, Eremophila, 73
albigula, Macrosphenus, 268
albigula, Otocoris, 73
albigula, Phyllastrephus, 268
albigularis, Cyphorinus, 400
albigularis, Heterocnemis, 437
albigularis, Hirundo, 110
albigularis, Microcerculus, 437
albigularis, Phyllastrephus, 268
albigularis, Thryothorus, 400
albigularis, Tylas, 300
albigularis, Xenocichla, 268
albilateralis, Henicorhina, 432
albilinea, Petrochelidon, 82
albilinea, Tachycineta, 82
albiloris, Lalage, 204
albinucha, Thryothorus, 410
albinucha, Troglodytes, 410
albipectus, Thryothorus, 414
albiventer, Hirundo, 82
albiventer, Tachycineta, 82
albiventris, Microscelis, 296
albiventris, Thryothorus, 403
albo-brunneus, Campylorhynchus,
383
albo-brunneus, Heleodytes, 383
albofasciata, Certhilauda, 27, 29
albogriseus, Mimus, 445
alboides, Motacilla, 140
alboplagatus, Dryoscopus, 333
albo-vittatus, Donacobius, 457
albula, Motacilla, 140
Aleurus, 223
alexanderi, Galerida, 58
alexandri, Andropadus, 253
alexandrovi, Chelidon, 124
alfredi, Bleda, 267
alfredi, Phyllastrephus, 267
alfredi, Tylas, 300
alfrediana, Coracina, 171
alfredianus, Graucalus, 171
algeriensis, Ammomanes, 34
algeriensis, Lanius, 357
INDEX
algoensis, Megalophonus, 16
algoensis, Mirafra, 16
aliena, Mirafra, 6
alius, Malaconotus, 341
Allenia, 457
almasyi, Alauda, 67
alopex, Mirafra, 17
Alophoiscus, 275
Alophoixus, 275
Alopochelidon, 91
alpestris, Alauda, 76
alpestris, Cinclus, 375
alpestris, Eremophila, 72, 76
alpestris, Hirundo, 113
alpestris, Otocoris, 71
alpina, Eremophila, 75
alpina, Otocoris, 75
alpinus, Cinclus, 375
altaica, Hremophila, 73
altera, Alaemon, 40
altera, Coracina, 185
alterum, Edoliosoma, 185
alticola, Alauda, 68
alticola, Anthus, 161
alticola, Certhilauda, 28
alticola, Chersomanes, 28
alticola, Cistothorus, 391
altirostris, Galerida, 59
altirostris, Galerita, 59
altus, Thryomanes, 396
amadonis, Coracina, 174
amani, Phyllastrephus, 270
amaurogaster, Pheugopedius, 401
amaurogaster, Thryothorus, 401
amaurotis, Hypsipetes, 293
amaurotis, Turdus, 293
amazonicus, Thryothorus, 403
ambiens, Hirundo, 109
ambiens, Hypsipetes, 298
ambiens, Microscelis, 298
ambigua, Hirundo, 105, 110
ambiguus, Laniarius, 328
amboimensis, Laniarius, 328
amboinensis, Campephaga, 186
amboinensis, Coracina, 186
ameliae, Macronyx, 144
americana, Hirundo, 98
Amirafra, 3
Ammomanes, 32
Ammomanoides, 32
Ammomanopsis, 32
ammophila, Eremophila, 78
ammophila, Otocoris, 78
ampelinus, Hypocolius, 373
Ampelis, 369
amphytrion, Cinclus, 375
anachoreta, Henicorhina, 433
Anacorys, 4
analis, Campephaga, 183
analis, Coracina, 183
analis, Pycnonotus, 246
analis, Turdus, 246
Analisoma, 169
anchietae, Tchagra, 321
anchietae, Telephonus, 321
andamana, Coracina, 170
andamanensis, Graucalus, 170
andamanensis, Pericrocotus, 215
andamanus, Graucalus, 170
andapae, Oxylabes, 272
andapae, Phyllastrephus, 272
andaryae, Chlorophoneus, 334
andecola, Hirundo, 88, 119
andecola, Petrochelidon, 119
andersoni, Ixus, 233
andersoni, Pycnonotus, 233
anderssoni, Calandrella, 47
anderssoni, Cotile, 104
anderssoni, Megalophonus, 47
anderssoni, Ptyonoprogne, 104
Andropadus, 223
Anepsia, 282
angarensis, Budytes, 133
angarensis, Motacilla, 132, 133
angolensis, Andropadus, 254
angolensis, Anthus, 151
angolensis, Dryoscopus, 319
angolensis, Hirundo, 108
angolensis, Mirafra, 13
angolensis, Urolestes, 342
angolica, Prionops, 311
anguitimens, Eurocephalus, 310
angustifrons, Coracina, 180
angustifrons, Graucalus, 180
ankafanae, Oxylabes, 272
ankafanae, Phyllastrephus, 272
ankarae, Galerida, 56
annae, Ammomanes, 36
annae, Anthus, 145
annae, Artamia, 368
annae, Leptopterus, 368
annamensis, Criniger, 278
annamensis, Pericrocotus, 214
annectans, Loidorusa, 242
annectans, Pyenonotus, 242
annectens, Tephrodornis, 219, 220
Anomalanthus, 144
ansorgeanus, Criniger, 275
ansorgei, Andropadus, 253
ansorgei, Anthus, 150
INDEX 463
ansorgei, Dryoscopus, 334
ansorgei, Harpolestes, 325
ansorgei, Mirafra, 21
ansorgei, Pycnonotus, 253
ansorgei, Tchagra, 325
antarcticus, Anthus, 166
antelius, Mimus, 444
anthoides, Pericrocotus, 214
anthonyi, Cinclus, 378
anthonyi, Lanius, 355
Anthus, 144
Antichromus, 320
antillarum, Mimus, 443
antinorii, Lanius, 361
antinorii, Psalidoproecne, 127
antioquensis, Microcerculus, 435
Antrochelidon, 118
apetzii, Calandrella, 49
apetzii, Melanocorypha, 49
aphrasta, Eremophila, 79
aphrasta, Otocoris, 79
apiata, Alauda, 16
apiata, Mirafra, 15, 16
apolinari, Cistothorus, 393
approximans, Archolestes, 340
approximans, Malaconotus, 340
aprophata, Petrochelidon, 120
apsleyi, Coracina, 181]
apuliae, Galerida, 56
aquaticus, Cinclus, 375, 376
aquilonaris, Troglodytes, 416
aquilonis, Hypsipetes, 284
aquilonis, Microscelis, 284
arabica, Ptyonoprogne, 103
arabica, Riparia, 103
arabicus, Anthus, 155
arabicus, Lanius, 359
arada, Myrmornis, 439
aradus, Cyphorhinus, 437, 438, 439
aralensis, Budytes, 134
arborea, Alauda, 65
arborea, Lullula, 65
archeri, Heteromirafra, 24
areticineta, Hirundo, 108
arcticola, Eremophila, 75
arcticola, Otocoris, 75
arctus, Pycnonotus, 226
ardesiacus, Cinclus, 379
arenaceus, Mimus, 446
arenaria, Certhilauda, 27, 28
arenicola, Galerida, 57
arenicola, Harporhynchus, 453
arenicola, Toxostoma, 453
arenicolor, Alauda, 33
arenicolor, Ammomanes, 33
464
argalea, Eremophila, 74
argalea, Otocoris, 74
Argaleocichla, 263
ariborius, Thryomanes, 396
aridicolus, Lanius, 363
aridula, Pseudammomanes, 39
ariel, Colloealia, 123
ariel, Petrochelidon, 123
Arizelocichla, 225
armena, Tchagra, 322, 323
armenicus, Alauda, 67
armenus, Pomatorhynchus, 322
arsinoe, Pyenonotus, 240
arsinoe, Turdus, 240
Artamella, 367
Artamia, 367
Artamides, 169
artemisiana, Calandrella, 45
aruense, Edoliisoma, 186
aruensis, Coracina, 186
arundinaceus, Troglodytes, 399
arvensis, Alauda, 66, 67
asakurai, Campephaga, 194
asbenaicus, Anthus, 153
ascensi, Macronyx, 143
aschani, Hirundo, 115
asmaraensis, Calandrella, 46
assabensis, Ammomanes, 36
assamica, Mirafra, 19
assimilis, Lanius, 359
atacamensis, Troglodytes, 426
athensis, Calandrella, 51
athensis, Spizocorys, 51
athi, Mirafra, 10
Atimastillas, 260
atlantica, Otocoris, 76
atlas, Eremophila, 75
atlas, Otocorys, 75
Atolmodytes, 130
atopus, Troglodytes, 425
atrestus, Thryomanes, 397
atrialatus, Dryoscopus, 316
atricapilla, Aegithina, 229
atricapilla, Muscicapa, 237
atricapilla, Turdus, 456
atricapillus, Donacobius, 456
atricauda, Thryomanes, 398
atriceps, Ceblepyris, 173
atriceps, Coracina, 173
atriceps, Pheugopedius, 400
atriceps, Pyecnonotus, 227, 228
atriceps, Thryothorus, 400
atriceps, Turdus, 228
atrocaerulea, Hirundo, 111
atrococcineus, Laniarius, 331
INDEX
atrococcineus, Lanius, 331
atrocoeruleus, Laniarius, 333
atrocroceus, Laniarius, 331
atroflavus, Laniarius, 331
atrogularis, Thryothorus, 399
atroventer, Cinclus, 375
atrovirens, Campephaga, 199
atrovirens, Lalage, 199
Atticora, 90
atticus, Lanius, 364
aucheri, Lanius, 358
aucklandicus, Anthus, 149
audax, Troglodytes, 425
aurantiigula, Macronyx, 143
auratus, Pycnonotus, 229
aurea, Lalage, 199
aureolus, Criniger, 277
aureus, Ceblepyris, 199
aureus, Criniger, 288
aureus, Hypsipetes, 288
aureus, Pericrocotus, 213
auricularis, Troglodytes, 429
auricularis, Uropsila, 429
aurifrons, Chloropsis, 305
aurifrons, Phyllornis, 305
aurigaster, Pycnonotus, 235, 237, 238
aurigaster, Turdus, 238
austini, Paragraucalus, 179
austin-robertsi, Mirafra, 18
australis, Alauda, 71
australis, Anthus, 149
australis, Eremopterix, 29
australis, Megalotis, 29
australis, Melaconotus, 325
australis, Nannorchilus, 431
australis, Stelgidocichla, 256
australis, Tchagra, 324, 325
australis, Telephonus, 320
australoabyssinica, Mirafra, 20
australoabyssinicus, Anthus, 156
Austranthus, 144
avensis, Campephaga, 194
avensis, Coracina, 194
axanthizus, Pyenonotus, 250
axillaris, Coracina, 178
axillaris, Graucalus, 178
Ayresillas, 263
azizi, Ammomanes, 36
azurea, Coracina, 184
azureus, Graucalus, 184
babaulti, Phyllastrephus, 267
babiensis, Coracina, 176
babiensis, Graucalus, 176
bachlowi, Eremophila, 73
INDEX
baddeleyi, Certhilauda, 28
badia, Cecropis, 118
badius, Lanius, 364
Baeopogon, 259
betica, Calandrella, 49
bahiae, Thryophilus, 415
bahiae, Thryothorus, 415
baicalensis, Hirundo, 106
baicalensis, Motacilla, 138, 139
baileyi, Otocoris, 79
bairdi, Thryothorus, 399
bakeri, Pericrocotus, 216
baleanica, Eremophila, 72
baleanica, Galerida, 56
baleanica, Otocorys, 72
baldwini, Troglodytes, 422
balicus, Criniger, 281
balsaci, Galerida, 58
bambla, Formicerius, 437
bambla, Microcerculus, 437
bambla, Turdus, 435
bamendae, Andropadus, 257
bamendae, Pycnonotus, 257
bamingui, Psalidoprocne, 128
bangsi, Henicorhina, 433
bangsi, Mirafra, 63
bannermani, Anthus, 153
bannermani, Cecropis, 114
bannermani, Hirundo, 114
bannermani, Trichophorus, 276
bansoensis, Ptyonoprogne, 103
bansoensis, Riparia, 103
barat, Pyenonotus, 244
barbarus, Laniarius, 330, 331, 333
barbarus, Lanius, 326, 331
barbatus, Criniger, 275
barbatus, Pyenonotus, 239
barbatus, Trichophorus, 275
barbatus, Turdus, 239
barbiensis, Chersomanes, 28
barlowi, Calandrella, 52
barlowi, Certhilauda, 26
barlowi, Pseudammomanes, 26
barlowi, Spizocorys, 52
baroni, Thryophilus, 414
baroni, Thryothorus, 414
barringtoni, Nesomimus, 448
bartelsi, Criniger, 280
bartletti, Delichon, 125
Baruwaia, 113
basilanicus, Poliolophus, 244
basilanicus, Pyenonotus, 244
basultoi, Thryorchilus, 430
basultoi, Troglodytes, 430
batanensis, Hypsipetes, 295
batesi, Bleda, 259
batesi, Chlorophoneus, 336
batesi, Lanius, 358
batesi, Mirafra, 10
batesi, Telophorus, 336
baumanni, Phyllastrephus, 266
baumanni, Phyllostrephus, 266
bauri, Nesomimus, 448
baweanus, Brachypodius, 228
baweanus, Pycnonotus, 228
beani, Troglodytes, 424
beaulieui, Mirafra, 5
beema, Budytes, 132
beema, Motacilla, 131, 132
beicki, Calandrella, 51
beicki, Cinclus, 377
beirensis, Psomophilus, 141
bendirei, Harporhynchus, 451
bendirei, Toxostoma, 451
bengalensis, Pyecnonotus, 236
benguelensis, Alaemon, 24
bensoni, Ammomanes, 34
bensoni, Phyllastrephus, 264
bentet, Lanius, 349
berengueri, Galerida, 62
berezowskii, Anthus, 158
bergensis, Troglodytes, 421
bergeri, Laniarius, 333
berlandieri, Thriothorus, 410
berlandieri, Thryothorus, 410
berlepschi, Otocoris, 78
berliozi, Xanthixus, 246
bernieri, Oriolia, 368
Bernieria, 263
bernsteini, Edoliisoma, 190
berthelotii, Anthus, 153
bertrandi, Laniarius, 335
bertrandi, Telophorus, 335
bewickii, Thryomanes, 396
bewickii, Troglodytes, 396
bianchii, Lanius, 356
Biblis, 101
bicolor, Artamia, 368
bicolor, Campylorhynchus, 382
bicolor, Ceblepyris, 178
bicolor, Coracina, 178
bicolor, Dryoscopus, 329
bicolor, Heleodytes, 382
bicolor, Hirundo, 81
bicolor, Laniarius, 329
bicolor, Lanius, 367
bicolor, Tachycineta, 81
bicornis, Eremophila, 72, 75
bicornis, Phileremos, 75
bilbali, Anthus, 148
465
466
bilkewitschi, Clivicola, 97
billitonis, Chloropsis, 305
billitonis, Pyenonotus, 248
bilopha, Alauda, 80
bilopha, Eremophila, 80
bimaculata, Alauda, 42
bimaculata, Melanocorypha, 42
bimaculatus, Pyenonotus, 244
bimaculatus, Turdus, 244
bindloei, Nesomimus, 448
binghami, Lole, 290
birwae, Ptyonoprogne, 103
bistriata, Agrodroma, 149
bistriatus, Anthus, 149
blakistoni, Alauda, 68
blakistoni, Anthus, 161
blanchoti, Malaconotus, 339
blanfordi, Calandrella, 47
blanfordi, Psalidoprocne, 127
blanfordi, Pycnonotus, 249
blanfordi, Tchagra, 322
blanfordi, Tephrocorys, 47
blayneyi, Anthus, 156
Bleda, 273
boarula, Motacilla, 136
boavistae, Alaemon, 39
bobrinskoii, Hirundo, 111
bocagei, Anthus, 146
bocagei, Laniarius, 334
bocagei, Telophorus, 334
Bocageia, 320
Bocagia, 320
bocagu, Anthus, 146
b6hmi, Eurocephalus, 310
boehmi, Lanius, 360
b6hmi, Lanius, 360
bogdanowi, Lanius, 345
bogotensis, Anthus, 165
bogotensis, Cinnycerthia, 390
bogotensis, Presbys, 390
bogotensis, Thryophilus, 413
bogotensis, Thryothorus, 413
bohndorffi, Anthus, 150
boliviae, Cistothorus, 392
boliviana, Henicorhina, 435
bolivianus, Microcerculus, 436
bolivianus, Pheugopedius, 402
bolivianus, Thryothorus, 402
Bombycilla, 369, 371
Bombycillidae, 309, 369, 373
Bombycillinae, 369
bonairensis, Margarops, 458
Bonapartia, 225
bonariae, Troglodytes, 426
bondi, Irena, 308
INDEX
borbonica, Hirundo, 100
borbonica, Merula, 295
borbonica, Phedina, 100
borbonicus, Hypsipetes, 295
borbonicus, Turdus, 295
borealis, Hirundo, 107
borealis, Lanius, 355
borealis, Troglodytes, 422
borneensis, Pycnonotus, 231
borneensis, Volvocivora, 195
bornuensis, Laniarius, 331
borodinonis, Hypsipetes, 294
borodinonis, Microscelis, 294
Bostrycholophus, 225
Botha, 44
Bothus, 44
bougainvillei, Artamides, 173
bougainvillei, Coracina, 173
bourdellei, Hemixus, 292
bourdellei, Hypsipetes, 292
boweni, Certhilauda, 27
boydi, Dryoscopus, 319
boyeri, Campephaga, 179
boyeri, Coracina, 179
boyeri, Ptiladela, 168
brachydactila, Alauda, 45
brachydactyla, Alauda, 44
brachydactyla, Calandrella, 45
Brachypodius, 223
brachyptera, Tachycineta, 84
brachypterus, Donacobius, 456
Brachypus, 223
brachyura, Galerida, 59
brachyura, Uropsila, 431
brachyurus, Anthus, 156
brachyurus, Ramphocinclus, 455
brachyurus, Troglodytes, 431
brachyurus, Turdus, 455
bradfieldi, Certhilauda, 28
bradfieldi, Chersomanes, 28
bradfieldi, Mirafra, 21
bradfieldi, Psomophilus, 141
bradfieldi, Sabota, 21
bradshawi, Alaemon, 24
bradshawi, Certhilauda, 24
brandti, Eremophila, 73
brandti, Otocorys, 73
branickii, Odontorchilus, 386
branickii, Odontorhynchus, 386
brasilianus, Anthus, 163, 164
brauni, Laniarius, 327
brazzae, Phedina, 101
bres, Criniger, 276, 280
bres, Lanius, 280
brevialatus, Nilaus, 316
INDEX 467
brevicauda, Thryomanes, 398
brevipennis, Campylorhynchus, 384
brevirostris, Anthus, 163
brevirostris, Campylorhynchus, 386
brevirostris, Certhilauda, 25
brevirostris, Muscipeta, 214
brevirostris, Pericrocotus, 214
brevirostris, Pycnonotus, 233
breviunguis, Alauda, 13
browni, Troglodytes, 430
brubru, Lanius, 316
brubru, Nilaus, 316
brunneicapillus, Campylorhynchus,
380, 381
brunneicapillus, Picolaptes, 381
brunneiceps, Hemixus, 293
brunneiceps, Henicorhina, 434
brunneicollis, Troglodytes, 423
brunnescens, Lalage, 197
brunneus, Pycnonotus, 250
bryanti, Campylorhynchus, 381
bryanti, Heleodytes, 381
bucephalus, Lanius, 343
buchanani, Ptyonoprogne, 102
buchanani, Riparia, 102
buckleyi, Calandrella, 13
buckleyi, Mirafra, 13
bucolica, Galerida, 64
bucolica, Miraffra, 64
Budytes, 130
bugoma, Ixonotus, 260
bungurensis, Coracina, 176
bungurensis, Graucalus, 176
burigi, Lanius, 343
burleighi, Thryothorus, 410
burmanicus, Criniger, 277
burmanicus, Pycnonotus, 235, 237
burrus, Ammomanes, 38
buryi, Lanius, 359
burzil, Anthus, 157
bushmanensis, Chersomanes, 28
butleri, Pyrrhulauda, 31
buxtoni, Alauda, 68
cabanisi, Criniger, 269, 279
ecabanisi, Lanius, 360
cabanisi, Phyllastrephus, 269
cacabata, Stelgidopteryx, 94
cacharensis, Hypsipetes, 283
eacharensis, Microscelis, 283
eaecilii, Pycnonotus, 230
caeruleogrisea, Campephaga, 174
caeruleogrisea, Coracina, 174
caerulescens, Melanotis, 441, 442
caerulescens, Orpheus, 441
caesia, Ceblepyris, 183
caesia, Coracina, 183
eafer, Pycnonotus, 235
eafer, Turdus, 235
ecaffer, Anthus, 156
Caffranthus, 144
eahooni, Troglodytes, 422
ealandra, Alauda, 41
calandra, Melanocorypha, 41
Calandrella, 44
calearata, Motacilla, 135
calearatus, Anthus, 164
caledonica, Coracina, 173, 174
caledonicus, Corvus, 174
Calendula, 55
Calendulauda, 3
Calicalicus, 365
caliginosa, Corvinella, 341, 342
Callichelidon, 84
Callichelodon, 84
Calophoneus, 334
calophonus, Thryomanes, 396
calopolius, Artamides, 176
calurus, Criniger, 276
calurus, Tricophorus, 276
ealviniensis, Calendulauda, 27
calviniensis, Certhilauda, 28
Calyptocichla, 259
camaroonensis, Anthus, 145
cambodiana, Aegithina, 301
cambodianus, Criniger, 279
cameronensis, Stelgidillas, 253
cameroonensis, Dryoscopus, 319
camerunensis, Anthus, 145
camerunensis, Dryoscopus, 319
camerunensis, Lanius, 361
camerunensis, Nilaus, 315
camerunensis, Phyllastrephus, 269
camerunensis, Tchagra, 322, 323
camerunensis, Telophonus, 322
camiguinensis, Hypsipetes, 295
Campephaga, 204, 206
Campephagidae, 167, 309
campestris, Alauda, 152
campestris, Anthus, 152, 158
campestris, Motacilla, 132
Campochaera, 195
Campophaga, 204
Campylirhynchus, 379
Campylorhynchus, 379
cana, Muscicapa, 168
canariensis, Calandrella, 49
canariensis, Motacilla, 136
candida, Mirafra, 4, 8
ecandidum, Toxostoma, 451
468 INDEX
canescens, Hypsipetes, 291
canescens, Ixos, 291
eanicapilla, Bleda, 274
eanicapillus, Trichophorus, 274
caniceps, Lanius, 350
caniceps, Prionops, 312
caniceps, Sigmodus, 312
canifrons, Spizixos, 222
canipennis, Hemixus, 292
canipennis, Hypsipetes, 292
eanobrunneus, Thryothorus, 405
cantarella, Alauda, 66, 67
eantator, Thryothorus, 403
eantillans, Mirafra, 5
ecantonensis, Pericrocotus, 207
eapelli, Fiscus, 362
eapelli, Lanius, 361, 362
capensis, Alauda, 142
capensis, Calandrella, 53
capensis, Hirundo, 113
capensis, Lanius, 314
capensis, Macronyx, 142
capensis, Motacilla, 141
capensis, Pycnonotus, 239
capensis, Turdus, 239
capistrata, Picolaptes, 383
capistratus, Campylorhynchus, 383
capitalis, Hemipus, 218
capitalis, Henicorhina, 433
capitalis, Muscicapa, 218
captus, Anthus, 155
carabayae, Troglodytes, 426
earoli, Galerida, 59
earolinae, Galerida, 62
earolinensis, Dumetella, 440
carolinensis, Muscicapa, 440
carringtoni, Nesomimus, 448
earteri, Chelidon, 110
earteri, Hirundo, 110
carthaginis, Galerida, 57
carychrous, Troglodytes, 424
cashmeriensis, Cinclus, 377
eashmiriensis, Chelidon, 124
eashmiriensis, Delichon, 124
caspicus, Parus, 136
castanea, Henicorhina, 433
castaneiceps, Laniarius, 327
castaneus, Campylorhynchus, 383
castaneus, Thryothorus, 407
castanonotus, Hemixus, 292
castanonotus, Hypsipetes, 292
castanonotus, Thryophilus, 411
castanonotus, Thryothorus, 411
catalinae, Thryomanes, 397
catamarcae, Anthus, 164
catharoxanthus, Malaconotus, 340
cathemagmena, Tchagra, 326
cathemagmenus, Laniarius, 326
Catherpes, 387
catholeucus, Telophonus, 323
caucasica, Galerida, 56
caucasicus, Anthus, 161
caucasicus, Cinclus, 376
caudatus, Lanius, 360
caudatus, Ptilogonys, 372, 458
Caudolanius, 342
caurensis, Microcerculus, 437
caurensis, Thryothorus, 402
cavei, Certhilauda, 26
cavei, Eremopterix, 30
cavicola, Petrochelidon, 122
cayleyi, Petrochelidon, 120
Ceblepyris, 168
cebuensis, Artamides, 177
cebuensis, Coracina, 177
Cecropis, 113
cedrorum, Bombycilla, 371
celebensis, Lalage, 198
Celebesia, 169
Celebesica, 169
celsum, Toxostoma, 452
centralasiae, Agrodoma, 147
centralasiae, Anthus, 147
centralasiae, Bombycilla, 370
centralasica, Riparia, 102
centralis, Chlorocichla, 262
centralis, Malaconotus, 339
centralis, Psalidoproene, 126
centralis, Riparia, 97
Centrolophus, 225
Cephalophoneus, 342
ceramensis, Coracina, 189
ceramensis, Graucalus, 189
Cerasophila, 283
cerroensis, Thryomanes, 398
cerroensis, Thryothorus, 398
Certhilauda, 24
cerverai, Ferminia, 399
eervina, Motacilla, 159
cerviniventris, Phyllastrephus, 265
cerviniventris, Phyllostrophus, 265
eervinus, Anthus, 159
cetera, Vanga, 366
ceylonensis, Eremopterix, 32
ceylonensis, Mirafra, 19
ceylonensis, Pericrocotus, 209
cha-bert, Lanius, 368
chabert, Leptopterus, 368
chacoensis, Anthus, 163
chadensis, Mirafra, 5
INDEX 469
chadensis, Tschagra, 321
chagwensis, Chlorocichla, 256
chagwensis, Pycnonotus, 256
chakei, Cinnycerthia, 390
chalcocephalus, Ixos, 228
chaleocephalus, Turdus, 223
chalepa, Perissolalage, 198
chalybea, Hirundo, 87
chalybea, Progne, 86, 87
chalybea, Psalidoprocne, 128
chanchamayoensis, Heleodytes, 384
chapini, Anthus, 153
chapini, Corvinella, 342
chapini, Dryoscopus, 318
chapini, Mirafra, 11
chapini, Motacilla, 141
charienturus, Thryomanes, 398
Charitillas, 225
Charitochelidon, 105
charlottae, Criniger, 285
charlottae, Hypsipetes, 285
chaseni, Aegithina, 302
chathamensis, Anthus, 149
Chaunonotus, 316
cheesmani, Ammomanes, 37
Cheimonornis, 96
cheleénsis, Alaudula, 51
cheleénsis, Calandrella, 51
Chelidonaria, 123
chendoola, Alauda, 61
chendoola, Galerida, 61
cheniana, Mirafra, 8
Cheramoeca, 94
Chersomanes, 24
Chersophilus, 54
chiapensis, Campylorhynchus, 381
chiapensis, Troglodytes, 427
chii, Anthus, 163, 164
chilensis, Anthus, 164
chilensis, Ceblepyris, 198
chilensis, Corydalla, 164
chilensis, Lalage, 198
chilensis, Troglodytes, 427
chinensis, Hirundo, 97
chinensis, Riparia, 97
chiroplethis, Pycnonotus, 248
Chlamydochaera, 196
chloeodis, Pycnonotus, 249
chloreus, Chloropsis, 304
chlorigula, Pyecnonotus, 258
chlorigula, Xenocichla, 258
Chlorilaema, 258
chloris, Anthus, 167
chloris, Criniger, 289
chloris, Hypsipetes, 288
31
chloris, Lanius, 274
chloris, Nicator, 274
chlorocephala, Chloropsis, 304
chlorocephalus, Phyllornis, 304
Chlorocichla, 260
chloronotus, Criniger, 275
chloronotus, Trichophorus, 275
Chlorophoneus, 333
Chloropsis, 303
chlorosaturata, Chlorocichla, 259
chobiensis, Meganthus, 151
chocoana, Leucolepis, 438
chocoanus, Cyphorhinus, 438
choucari, Graucalus, 172
christyi, Hirundo, 111
chrysogaster, Chlorophoneus, 334
chrysolaema, Alauda, 80
chrysolaema, Eremophila, 80
chrysophorus, Microtarsus, 228
chrysorrhoides, Hzematornis, 237
chrysorrhoides, Pycnonotus, 237
chrysostictus, Laniarius, 331
chuana, Alauda, 13
chuana, Mirafra, 13
chyulu, Arizelocichla, 258
chyulu, Laniarius, 328
chyulu, Pycnonotus, 243
chyuluensis, Anthus, 154
chyuluensis, Chlorocichla, 262
chyuluensis, Phyllastrephus, 270
Cichlalopia, 457
Cinclidae, 374
Cinclocerthia, 454, 455
Cinclus, 374
einclus, Cinclus, 374, 375
einclus, Sturnus, 375
eincta, Hirundo, 100
cincta, Riparia, 100
cinctura, Melanocorypha, 32
cincturus, Ammomanes, 32
cineraceus, Troglodytes, 419
cinerascens, Alauda, 67
einerea, Alauda, 47, 67
einerea, Atticora, 89
cinerea, Calandrella, 44, 47
cinerea, Certhilauda, 39
cinerea, Coracina, 184
cinerea, Hirundo, 98
cinerea, Tole, 293
einerea, Motacilla, 136
cinerea, Muscicapa, 184
cinerea, Tephrocorys, 44
cinereicapillus, Spizixos, 222
cinereicapillus, Spizixus, 222
cinereiceps, Hypsipetes, 287
470 INDEX
cinereiceps, Iole, 287
cinereiceps, Oxylabes, 272
cinereiceps, Phyllastrephus, 272
cinereifrons, Brachypus, 249
cinereifrons, Pycnonotus, 249
cinereigula, Pericrocotus, 212
cinereocapilla, Motacilla, 131
cinereoventris, Brachypodius, 228
cinereum, Toxostoma, 450, 451
cinereus, Harporhynchus, 451
cinereus, Hypsipetes, 293
cinereus, Odontorchilus, 386
cinereus, Odontorhynchus, 386
cinereus, Pericrocotus, 208
cinereus, Ptiliogonys, 372
cinereus, Ptilogonys, 371, 372
cinereus, Thryophilus, 411
cinereus, Thryothorus, 411
cinnamomea, Cinnycerthia, 389
cinnamomea, Motacilla, 209
cinnamomeoventris, Hypsipetes, 284
cinnamomeoventris, Tole, 284
cinnamomeus, Anthus, 145, 146
cinnamomeus, Pericrocotus, 208,
ZO 9 seo
cinnamomina, Galerida, 60
Cinnycerthia, 389
Cistothorus, 391
citata, Petrochelidon, 122
eitreola, Motacilla, 135
clamans, Baeopogon, 260
clamans, Xenocichla, 260
clara, Hirundo, 107
clara, Motacilla, 141
clarus, Mimus, 443
clarus, Troglodytes, 425
Clivicola, 96
clot-bey, Alauda, 40
clot-bey, Melanocorypha, 40
clot-bey, Ramphocoris, 40
Clytorhynchus, 309
cobbi, Troglodytes, 427
cochinchinensis, Chloropsis, 304
cochinchinensis, Turdus, 304
codea, Alauda, 26
coelivox, Alauda, 71
coerulescens, Ceblepyris, 185
coerulescens, Coracina, 185
cognatus, Phyllastrephus, 270
Coleoptera, 4
colimae, Troglodytes, 423
collaris, Lanius, 361, 362
collaris, Mirafra, 19
collaris, Telophorus, 333
colletti, Macronyx, 142
collina, Henicorhina, 433
collinus, Thryophilus, 413
collinus, Thryothorus, 413
Colluricincla, 309
collurio, Lanius, 345, 346
collurioides, Lanius, 347
coloradense, Toxostoma, 453
columbae, Troglodytes, 425
columbianus, Pheugopedius, 406
columbianus, Thryothorus, 406
commandorensis, Anthus, 159
comorensis, Artamia, 368
comorensis, Leptopterus, 368
composita, Henicorhina, 433
compositus, Troglodytes, 423
compta, Campephaga, 195
compta, Coracina, 195
conceptus, Chlorophoneus, 337
concinna, Colluricincla, 182
concinnata, Prionops, 311
concolor, Andropadus, 251
concolor, Hirundo, 87, 104
concolor, Hypsipetes, 297
concolor, Ptyonoprogne, 104
conditus, Thryophilus, 412
conditus, Thryothorus, 412
confusa, Campephaga, 206
confusa, Tchagra, 323
confusus, Harpolestes, 323
confusus, Lanius, 344
congener, Andropadus, 255
congener, Pomatorhynchus, 325
congener, Pycnonotus, 255
congener, Tchagra, 325
congensis, Andropadus, 256
congensis, Phyllastrephus, 260
congensis, Pyenonotus, 256
congica, Cotile, 97
congica, Riparia, 97
congicus, Dryoscopus, 317
congicus, Lanius, 362
conigravi, Petrochelidon, 123
conirostris, Alauda, 52
conirostris, Calandrella, 52
conjuncta, Lalage, 201
connectens, Alophoixus, 281
connectens, Coracina, 172
connectens, Criniger, 281
connectens, Hemixus, 293
connectens, Hypsipetes, 293
connectens, Thryophilus, 407
connectens, Thryothorus, 407
conradi, Criniger, 249
conradi, Pycnonotus, 249
consobrinus, Thryothorus, 401
INDEX 471
conspersus, Catherpes, 388
conspersus, Salpinctes, 388, 389
eooki, Laniarius, 327
Cophixus, 222
Coquus, 169, 184
Coracina, 168, 193
coraya, Thryothorus, 402, 403
coraya, Turdus, 403
cordofanica, Mirafra, 7
coreensis, Galerida, 61
coreensis, Galerita, 61
cornix, Graucalus, 182
cornuta, Alauda, 71
cornutus, Phileremos, 71
coromandeliana, Alauda, 19
coronata, Hirundo, 122
Coronis, 168
corrasus, Microcerculus, 435
correctus, Thryomanes, 397
correndera, Anthus, 164, 165
Corvidae, 309
corvina, Corvinella, 341
Corvinella, 341
corvinus, Lanius, 341
Corydus, 55
Corypha, 4
Coryphe, 4
costaricensis, Campylorhynchus, 385
costaricensis, Salpinctes, 388
costaricensis, Thryophilus, 407
costaricensis, Thryothorus, 407
Cotile, 96
couesi, Campylorhynchus, 380
courtoti, Galerida, 58
coutellii, Anthus, 161
cowani, Cotile, 97
cowani, Riparia, 97
coxi, Ammomanes, 35
cozumelana, Dumetella, 441
Cracticidae, 341
Cracticus, 341
eranbrooki, Mirafra, 13
erassirostris, Hypsipetes, 295
eraterum, Laninarius, 332
erenatus, Anthus, 166
Criniger, 275
eriniger, Brachypodius, 285
criniger, Hypsipetes, 285
criniger, Irena, 308
eriniger, Setornis, 282, 286
erinitus, Criniger, 279
erissalis, Graucalus, 176
cristata, Alauda, 56
cristata, Galerida, 55, 56
cristata, Prionops, 311
31*
cristata, Vanga, 366
cristatella, Alauda, 65
eristatellus, Ixos, 243
cristatus, Heterops, 55
eristatus, Lanius, 311, 344
erocea, Alauda, 143
ceroceus, Macronyx, 143
eroceus, Pericrocotus, 212
Crocias, 341
Crocopsis, 224
Crossleyia, 263
Croteoptera, 4
cruenta, Tchagra, 326
cruenta, Vanga, 338
eruentus, Lanius, 326
cruentus, Malaconotus, 338
erypta, Iole, 285
cryptoleuca, Progne, 86
cryptus, Hypsipetes, 285
cryptus, Pericrocotus, 214
eryptus, Thryomanes, 396
cubla, Dryoscopus, 318
eubla, Lanius, 318
cucullata, Cecropis, 113
cucullata, Coracina, 184
eucullata, Hirundo, 113
cucullata, Tchagra, 321
cucullatus, Graucalus, 184
cucullatus, Lanius, 321
culequita, Troglodytes, 423
culminata, Coracina, 194
culminatus, Ceblepyris, 194
cumanensis, Thryothorus, 411
cumanensis, Troglodytes, 411
curvirostre, Toxostoma, 452
eurvirostris, Alauda, 25
curvirostris, Andropadus, 253
curvirostris, Campylorhynchus, 385
eurvirostris, Certhilauda, 24, 25
curvirostris, Lanius, 366
curvirostris, Orpheus, 452
curvirostris, Pyenonotus, 253
curvirostris, Vanga, 366
cuttingi, Delichon, 125
cyanea, Irena, 307
eyanea, Muscicapa, 307
eyaneoviridis, Callichelidon, 84
eyaneoviridis, Hirundo, 84
cyaniventris, Pycnonotus, 231
eyanochrus, Pycnonotus, 250
eyanodorsalis, Notiochelidon, 89
eyanodorsalis, Orochelidon, 89
ceyanogaster, Irena, 308
cyanogastra, Irena, 308
Cyanograucalus, 169
472 INDEX
Cyanolanius, 367
eyanoleuca, Hirundo, 89
eyanoleuca, Notiochelidon, 88, 89
eyanopogon, Chloropsis, 304
eyanopogon, Phyllornis, 304
Cyphorhina, 437
Cyphorhinus, 437
cypriaca, Galerida, 57
cypriotes, Anorthura, 420
eypriotes, Troglodytes, 420
cypselina, Psalidoprocne, 125
cypseloides, Atticora, 95
cyrenaicae, Galerida, 62
Cyrtes, 168
dabbenei, Anthus, 163
dactylus, Pyenonotus, 234
damarensis, Alaemon, 24
damarensis, Calandrella, 52
damarensis, Certhilauda, 24
damarensis, Eremopterix, 30
damarensis, Eremopteryx, 31
damarensis, Mirafra, 15
damarensis, Pomatorhynchus, 325
damarensis, Spizocorys, 52
damarensis, Tchagra, 325
damarensis, Urolestes, 342
damicra, Aegithina, 302
damii, Xenopirostris, 366
dammermani, Pericrocotus, 215
darica, Ammomanes, 37
darienensis, Henicorhina, 431
darwini, Lanius, 345
dasypus, Chelidon, 125
dasypus, Delichon, 124, 125
daurica, Cecropis, 115
daurica, Hirundo, 115
dauricus, Anthus, 147
dauricus, Troglodytes, 418
davidsoni, Chloropsis, 306
daviesi, Anthus, 151
daviesi, Certhilauda, 25
davisoni, Hemixus, 293
davisoni, Hypsipetes, 293
davisoni, Ixus, 244
davisoni, Lalage, 197
davisoni, Pyenonotus, 244
debilis, Andropadus, 263
debilis, Phyllastrephus, 268
debilis, Xenocichla, 268
decaptus, Anthus, 155
deckeni, Eurocephalus, 309
decolor, Stelgidopteryx, 93
deficiens, Lalage, 204
degener, Laniarius, 333
degeni, Mirafra, 14
deichleri, Galerida, 62
deichleri, Galerita, 62
deignani, Aegithina, 300
deignani, Pericrocotus, 212
deignani, Pycnonotus, 238
delacouri, Lanius, 348
delamerei, Pseudalaemon, 55
Delichon, 123
deltae, Galerida, 60
Dendronanthus, 129
densirostris, Margarops, 458
densirostris, Turdus, 458
deosai, Eremophila, 74
déprimozi, Galerida, 58
deserti, Alauda, 35
deserti, Ammomanes, 33, 35
deserti, Megalophonus, 15
deserti, Mirafra, 15
deserticolor, Alauda, 59
desertorum, Alaemon, 39
desertorum, Alauda, 39
deva, Alauda, 63
deva, Galerida, 63
Dewetia, 44
dewittei, Anthus, 154
dharmakumari, Pericrocotus, 209
diaphora, Eremophila, 79
diaphora, Otocoris, 79
Diaphoropterus, 196
diardi, Criniger, 281, 282
dichrous, Cyphorhinus, 437
didimus, Coracina, 172
difficilis, Botha, 53
difficilis, Coracina, 177
difficilis, Graucalus, 177
diluta, Cotile, 99
diluta, Otocorys, 73
diluta, Riparia, 99
dilutior, Chlorocichla, 262
dimidiata, Hirundo, 112
Diplochelidon, 90
Diplophoneus, 326
disjuncta, Cecropis, 117
disjuncta, Hirundo, 117
dispar, Coracina, 186
dispar, Edoliosoma, 186
dispar, Pycnonotus, 230
dispar, Turdus, 230
dissaéptus, Cistothorus, 394
dissaéptus, Telmatodytes, 394
distincta, Calandrella, 49
distinguenda, Petrochelidon, 119
divaricatus, Lanius, 208
divaricatus, Pericrocotus, 198, 208
INDEX 473
divergens, Alauda, 66
dobsoni, Coracina, 175
dobsoni, Graucalus, 175
dodsoni, Lanius, 357
dodsoni, Pyenonotus, 242
dohertyi, Coracina, 185
dohertyi, Edoliosoma, 185
dohertyi, Laniarius, 338
dohertyi, Mirafra, 10
dohertyi, Riparia, 96
dohertyi, Telophonus, 324
dohertyi, Telophorus, 338
dolichurus, Pycnonotus, 237
dombrowski, Budytes, 131
domestica, Hirundo, 87
domestica, Progne, 87
domicella, Cecropis, 116
domicella, Hirundo, 116
domicola, Hirundo, 108
dominator, Lanius, 362
dominica, Tanagra, 374
dominicensis, Hirundo, 85, 86
dominicensis, Progne, 86, 87
dominicus, Dulus, 374
dominicus, Turdus, 197
Donacobius, 456
doriae, Alaemon, 39
doriae, Certhilauda, 39
dorjei, Cinclus, 377
dorsale, Toxostoma, 453, 454
dorsalis, Fiscus, 361
dorsalis, Lanius, 361
dorsalis, Mimus, 447
dorsalis, Orpheus, 447
dorsalis, Toxostoma, 454
dowashanus, Phyllastrephus, 269
drymoecus, Thryomanes, 397
Dryophoneus, 334
Dryoscopus, 316
dubarensis, Lanius, 358
dubiosus, Laniarius, 327
ducis, Riparia, 96
duidae, Microcerculus, 436
duidae, Troglodytes, 429
dukhunensis, Alauda, 44
dukhunensis, Calandrella, 44
dukhunensis, Motacilla, 137, 138,139
dulcivox, Alauda, 67
Dulidae, 373
Dulus, 373
Dumetella, 440, 441
dumeticolus, Pyenonotus, 247
dumosum, Toxostoma, 454
dunni, Ammomanes, 38
dunni, Calendula, 38
duponti, Alauda, 54
duponti, Chersophilus, 54
dwighti, Chinophilus, 78
eburneus, Phyllastrephus, 266
edithae, Coracina, 185
edithae, Edolisoma, 185
editus, Anthus, 146
Edoliisoma, 168
Edoliosoma, 168
Edolisoma, 168, 185
eduardi, Tylas, 299, 300
effuticius, Melanotis, 441
efulenensis, Eurillas, 255
Elathea, 224
elbeli, Pycnonotus, 230
elegans, Cistothorus, 391
elegans, Coracina, 181
elegans, Eremophila, 80
elegans, Graucalus, 181
elegans, Lanius, 358
elegans, Mimus, 443
elegans, Pericrocotus, 216
elegans, Phoenicornis, 216
elegans, Progne, 88
elfriedae, Mirafra, 22
elgeyuensis, Chlorophoneus, 335
ellae, Irena, 308
ellioti, Galerida, 63
elusa, Coracina, 190
elusum, Edoliisoma, 190
elutus, Thryophilus, 412
elutus, Thryothorus, 412
elwesi, Eremophila, 74
elwesi, Otocoris, 74
emancipata, Coracina, 185
emancipata, Edoliosoma, 185
emancipata, Melanocorypha, 43
emeria, Motacilla, 232
emeria, Pycnonotus, 232
emini, Cecropis, 117
emini, Criniger, 276
emini, Hirundo, 117
emini, Tchagra, 324
emini, Telephonus, 324
empheris, Lalage, 197
enertera, Eremophila, 79
enertera, Otocoris, 79
enganensis, Coracina, 176
enganensis, Graucalus, 176
Enneoctonus, 342
enthymia, Eremophila, 76
enthymia, Otocoris, 76
enunciator, Anthus, 150
eous, Pycnonotus, 244
474
Eremalauda, 32
eremica, Calandrella, 46
eremica, Spizocorys, 46
eremodites, Ammomanes, 38
eremodites, Pyrrhulauda, 38
Eremophila, 71
eremophilus, Thryomanes, 396
Eremopterix, 29
Eressornis, 310
erikssoni, Certhilauda, 27
eritreae, Galerida, 59
erlangeri, Calandrella, 46
erlangeri, EKurocephalus, 309
erlangeri, Galerida, 61
erlangeri, Laniarius, 328
erlangeri, Lanius, 363
erlangeri, Nilaus, 315
erlangeri, Riparia, 100
erlangeri, Telephonus, 322
erlangeri, Tephrocorys, 46
ernstmayri, Hirundo, 125
erongo, Mirafra, 22
Eropsilus, 430
Erucivora, 196
erwini, Dryoscopus, 317
erythreae, Dryoscopus, 317
erythreae, Nilaus, 314
erythrochlamys, Alauda, 26
erythrochlamys, Certhilauda, 26
erythrochrous, Ammomanes, 35
erythrogaster, Hirundo, 107
erythrogaster, Laniarius, 331
erythrogaster, Lanius, 331
erythronotus, Collurio, 351
erythronotus, Lanius, 350, 351
erythroptera, Mirafra, 22, 23
erythropterus, Andropadus, 252
erythropterus, Lanius, 322, 323
erythropterus, Pycnonotus, 252
erythropterus, Tchagra, 323
erythropthalmos, Ixos, 250
erythropthalmos, Pyenonotus, 250
erythropygia, Alauda, 23
erythropygia, Cecropis, 116
erythropygia, Coracina, 189
erythropygia, Hirundo, 116
erythropygia, Mirafra, 23
erythropygia, Muscicapa, 211
erythropygium, Edoliisoma, 189
erythropygius, Pericrocotus, 211
erythrotis, Ixos, 232
escherichi, Pyecnonotus, 241
esobe, Anthus, 151
ethologus, Pericrocotus, 213
Etoimus, 3
INDEX
eucharis, Henicorhina, 432
euchrysea, Hirundo, 84
euchrysea, Kalochelidon, 84
eugenius, Andropadus, 255
eugenius, Pycnonotus, 255
euophrys, Thryothorus, 400
Euptilotus, 224
euptilotus, Brachypus, 224
Eurillas, 225
euroa, Eremophila, 72
euroa, Otocorys, 72
Eurocephalus, 309
euronotus, Thryothorus, 409
europaea, Riparia, 95
europaeus, Lanius, 356
Euryceros, 369
Eurycerus, 369
eurystomina, Pseudochelidon, 81
eutilotus, Brachypus, 243
eutilotus, Pyenonotus, 243
everetti, Coracina, 190
everetti, Criniger, 288
everetti, Edoliisoma, 190
everetti, Hypsipetes, 288
excelsior, Nicator, 275
excubitor, Lanius, 355, 356
excubitorides, Lanius, 353, 359
excubitorius, Lanius, 343, 359
excubitoroides, Lanius, 359
exiguus, Anthus, 148
eximia, Bleda, 273
eximia, Lalage, 195
eximius, Trichophorus, 273
exsul, Salpinctes, 388
extremus, Andropadus, 253
extremus, Malaconotus, 340
extremus, Pyenonotus, 253
exul, Pericrocotus, 215
eyerdami, Coracina, 181
faenorum, Ammomanes, 37
falciformis, Certhilauda, 25
falcirostris, Certhilauda, 25
Falculea, 367
falkensteini, Chlorocichla, 260
falkensteini, Criniger, 260
falklandicus, Cistothorus, 393
falsa, Lalage, 200
familiaris, Lullula, 65
farahensis, Molpastes, 235
faroensis, Cyphorhinus, 439
faroensis, Leucolepis, 439
fasciata, Atticora, 90
fasciata, Hirundo, 90
fasciata, Motacilla, 131
INDEX 475
fasciato-ventris, Thriothorus, 400
fasciato-ventris, Thryothorus, 400
fasciatus, Budytes, 131
fasciatus, Campylorhynchus, 385
fasciatus, Furnarius, 385
fasciatus, Lanius, 345
fasciatus, Salpinctes, 388
fasciolata, Alauda, 16
favillaceus, Pericrocotus, 213
fayi, Pyenonotus, 241
feldegg, Motacilla, 131, 132, 134
felivox, Turdus, 440
felix, Thryothorus, 404
ferghanensis, Cecropis, 116
Ferminia, 399
ferruginea, Alauda, 38
ferrugineus, Laniarius, 328, 330
ferrugineus, Lanius, 326, 330
festae, Galerida, 58
festinus, Troglodytes, 428
festiva, Henicorhina, 433
filifera, Hirundo, 111
fimbriata, Coracina, 193, 194, 195
fimbriata, Volvocivora, 193
fimbriatus, Ceblepyris, 195
finlaysoni, Pyenonotus, 244, 245
finschii, Criniger, 277
fischeri, Criniger, 270
fischeri, Eurocephalus, 309
fischeri, Megalophonus, 14
fischeri, Mirafra, 14
fischeri, Phyllastrephus, 269, 270
Fiscus, 342
flammea, Muscicapa, 215
flammeus, Pericrocotus, 215
flammifer, Pericrocotus, 216, 217
flava, Alauda, 72
flava, Campephaga, 205
flava, Eremophila, 72
flava, Motacilla, 130, 131, 132, 133
flavala, Hemixos, 292
flavala, Hypsipetes, 292
flaveolus, Criniger, 269, 277
flaveolus, Trichophorus, 269, 277
flavescens, Andropadus, 254
flavescens, Lullula, 65
flavescens, Melanocorypha, 43
flavescens, Pycnonotus, 245
flavicaudus, Hypsipetes, 289
flavicaudus, Trichophorus, 289
flaviceps, Campochaera, 196
flavicipitis, Campochaera, 196
flavicollis, Chlorocichla, 261
flavicollis, Haematornis, 261
flavicollis, Macronyx, 143
flavigula, Chlorocichla, 261
flavigula, Trichophorus, 261
flavillaceus, Perierocotus, 213
flavipennis, Chloropsis, 303
flavipennis, Phyllornis, 303
flavipes, Notiochelidon, 90
flavipes, Pygochelidon, 90
flavirictus, Pycnonotus, 247
flavissima, Budytes, 130
flavissima, Motacilla, 130, 131
flaviventris, Chlorocichla, 262
flaviventris, Motacilla, 142
flaviventris, Pycnonotus, 229
flaviventris, Trichophorus, 262
flaviventris, Vanga, 229
flavostriatus, Andropadus, 268
flavostriatus, Phyllastrephus, 266,
267, 268
flavostriatus, Phyllostrophus, 263
flavula, Hemipus, 292
flindersi, Austranthus, 149
floridana, Progne, 86
floris, Artamides, 171
floris, Coracina, 171
fliickigeri, Lanius, 363
fluvicola, Hirundo, 122
fluvicola, Petrochelidon, 122
fohkiensis, Pericrocotus, 216
fokienensis, Cotile, 99
fokienensis, Riparia, 99
formosae, Hirundo, 117
formosae, Lanius, 349
formosae, Pycnonotus, 234
fortis, Coracina, 172
fortis, Graucalus, 172
forwoodi, Motacilla, 138
fowleri, Criniger, 280
Fraseria, 309
frater, Criniger, 281
frater, Mimus, 446
frater, Pomatorhynchus, 324
frater, Troglodytes, 428, 429
fraterculus, Ammomanes, 35
fremantlii, Calendula, 54
fremantlii, Pseudalaemon, 54
frenatus, Tephrodornis, 220
freta, Tephrodornis, 221
fretensis, Tephrodornis, 219
fricki, Andropadus, 254
fricki, Chlorophoneus, 334
fricki, Phyllastrephus, 265
fricki, Pycnonotus, 254
fridariensis, Troglodytes, 421
fringillaris, Alauda, 8, 53
fringillaris, Calandrella, 53
476 INDEX
fringillaris, Mirafra, 8
frontalis, Chloropsis, 306
frontalis, Hirundo, 109
frontalis, Phyllornis, 306
frontalis, Pyrrhulauda, 31
fucata, Alopochelidon, 92
fucata, Hirundo, 92
fiilleborni, Dryoscopus, 332
fiilleborni, Laniarius, 332
fiillebornii, Macronyx, 143
fuertesi, Tephrocorys, 46
fugans, Xanthixus, 245
fugensis, Hypsipetes, 295
fuliginosa, Petrochelidon, 123
fuliginosa, Psalidoprocne, 126
fuliginosus, Lecythoplastes, 123
fuligula, Hirundo, 104
fuligula, Ptyonoprogne, 103, 104
fulva, Cinnycerthia, 390
fulva, Hirundo, 122
fulva, Petrochelidon, 121, 122
fulvescens, Berniera, 271
fulvescens, Phyllastrephus, 271
fulvicauda, Myiosobus, 286
fulvigularis, Troglodytes, 429
fulvipectus, Hirundo, 110
fulvipennis, Cotyle, 93
fulvipennis, Stelgidopteryx, 93
fulviventris, Phyllastrephus, 266
fulviventris, Phyllostrephus, 266
fulviventris, Tylas, 300
fulvus, Thryophilus, 390
fumigatus, Troglodytes, 417
funebris, Dryoscopus, 333
funebris, Laniarius, 333
funereus, Lanius, 356
fureata, Progne, 88
furcatus, Anthus, 163
furensis, Mirafra, 14
furva, Mirafra, 23
fusca, Allenia, 457
fusca, Hirundo, 85
fusca, Muscicapa, 457
fusca, Progne, 85
fuscatus, Enneoctonus, 346
fuscatus, Lanius, 349
fuscatus, Margarops, 457
fuscatus, Turdus, 457
fuscicaudata, Otocompsa, 231
fuscicaudatus, Pycnonotus, 231
fusciceps, Pycnonotus, 258
fusciceps, Xenocichla, 258
fusciventris, Ptyonoprogne, 104
fuscocollaris, Riparia, 98
fuscoflavescens, Brachypodius, 227
fuscoflavescens, Pycnonotus, 227
futunae, Lalage, 203
gabela, Prionops, 313
gabonensis, Malaconotus, 339
gabonensis, Pycnonotus, 240
gafsae, Galerida, 57
galbinus, Pericrocotus, 209
galbraithii, Thryothorus, 412
Galerida, 55
Galerita, 55
Galgulus, 282
gallarum, Mirafra, 9
galliae, Lanius, 356
gambeli, Lanius, 353
gambensis, Dryoscopus, 317
gambensis, Lanius, 317
ganeesa, Hypsipetes, 296, 297
garrula, Certhilauda, 28
garrulus, Bombycilla, 370
garrulus, Lanius, 370
gascoynensis, Coracina, 171
gaza, Melanocorypha, 41
Gazzola, 168
genibarbis, Thryothorus, 401, 402
gephyra, Cecropis, 115
gephyra, Hirundo, 115
germani, Ixus, 238
germani, Pycnonotus, 238
gertrudis, Hirundo, 95
gertrudis, Pseudhirundo, 95
geyri, Ammomanes, 34
ghansiensis, Africorys, 12
ghansiensis, Mirafra, 12
giffordi, Galerida, 63
giffordi, Heliocorys, 63
giganteus, Lanius, 360
gilletti, Mirafra, 20
gilli, Certhilauda, 25
gilvus, Mimus, 443, 444
gilvus, Turdus, 444
giraudi, Eremophila, 79
giraudi, Otocorys, 79
glabrirostris, Melanoptila, 441
gladiator, Laniarius, 339
gladiator, Malaconotus, 339, 341
Glauconympha, 307
gobabisensis, Anacorys, 17
gobabisensis, Mirafra, 17
godlewskii, Agrodoma, 152
godlewskii, Anthus, 152
goiavier, Muscicapa, 224, 247
goiavier, Pycnonotus, 246, 247
gomesi, Mirafra, 11
goodi, Pycnonotus, 240
goodsoni, Anthus, 150, 151
goodsoni, Coracina, 191
goodsoni, Edolisoma, 191
gordoni, Cecropis, 114
gordoni, Hirundo, 114
gouldi, Lalage, 199
gouldii, Anthus, 150
gourdini, Ixos, 247
gourdini, Pycnonotus, 247
gracilirostris, Andropadus, 256
gracilirostris, Pycnonotus, 256
gracilis, Andropadus, 253
gracilis, Coracina, 179
gracilis, Mimus, 443
gracilis, Pycnonotus, 253
graculina, Prionops, 313
Grallina, 309
Grallinidae, 309
graminicola, Cistothorus, 392
grandis, Criniger, 278
grandis, Motacilla, 137, 140
grandis, Thryothorus, 404
Graucalus, 168
Graucosoma, 169
graueri, Coracina, 183
graueri, Laniarius, 336
graueri, Phyllastrephus, 267
graueri, Telophorus, 336
grayi, Alauda, 38
grayi, Ammomanes, 38
grayi, Anthus, 165
grayi, Coracina, 187
grayi, Edoliosoma, 187
graysoni, Harporhynchus, 449
graysoni, Mimodes, 449
grimmi, Lanius, 359
grimwoodi, Macronyx, 144
grinnelli, Lanius, 355
grisea, Alauda, 32
grisea, Coracina, 182
grisea, Eremopterix, 32
griseicapillus, Lanius, 347
griseiceps, Criniger, 277
griseipectus, Thryothorus, 403
griseipectus, Vanga, 366
griseiventer, Hemixus, 291
griseiventer, Hypsipetes, 291
griseiventris, Neochelidon, 91
griseogularis, Pericrocotus, 212
griseolateralis, Cyphorhinus, 439
griseopyga, Hirundo, 95
griseopyga, Pseudhirundo, 95
grisescens, Andropadus, 252
grisescens, Dryoscopus, 319
grisescens, Mirafra, 7, 11
INDEX 477
grisescens, Nannorchilus, 430
grisescens, Thryophilus, 408
grisescens, Thryothorus, 408
griseus, Anthus, 152
griseus, Campylorhynchus, 381, 382
griseus, Catherpes, 388
griseus, Cistothorus, 394
griseus, Furnarius, 382
griseus, Thryophilus, 415
griseus, Thryothorus, 415
grotei, Anthus, 146
grotei, Hypsipetes, 296
grotei, Ixocincla, 296
grotei, Phyllastrephus, 270
guadeloupensis, Salpinctes, 387
guadeloupensis, Thryothorus, 424
guadeloupensis, Troglodytes, 424
guarayana, Troglodytes, 414
guarayanus, Thryothorus, 414
gubernator, Lanius, 348
guerrerensis, Troglodytes, 423
guglielmi, Hypsipetes, 289, 290
guglielmi, Microscelis, 290
guillelmi, Alauda, 66
guillemardi, Coracina, 177
guillemardi, Graucalus, 177
guimarasensis, Hypsipetes, 287
guimarasensis, Iole, 287
gularis, Brachypus, 229
gularis, Campylorhynchus, 380
gularis, Cinclus, 375
gularis, Lanius, 220
gularis, Nicator, 274
gularis, Philedon, 286
gularis, Pycnonotus, 229
gularis, Tephrodornis, 219, 220
gularis, Trichophorus, 276
gularis, Turdus, 276, 280, 375
gulgula, Alauda, 69, 71
gundlachii, Mimus, 445
gustavi, Anthus, 158
guttata, Alauda, 26, 69
guttata, Certhilauda, 26
guttatum, Toxostoma, 450
guttatus, Campylorhynchus, 381
guttatus, Dryoscopus, 329
guttatus, Harporhynchus, 450
guttatus, Ixonotus, 260
guttatus, Laniarius, 328, 329
guttatus, Salpinctes, 388
guttatus, Thryothorus, 381
gutturalis, Anthus, 166
gutturalis, Cinclocerthia, 455
gutturalis, Criniger, 281
gutturalis, Hirundo, 106
478
gutturalis, Pelicinius, 337
gutturalis, Ramphocinclus, 455
gutturalis, Trichophorus, 281
gymnocephala, Barita, 365
gymnocephala, Pityriasis, 365
Gymnocrotaphus, 225
Gymnorhina, 341
habessinica, Lani, 322
habessinica, Tchagra, 322
hachisuka, Lanius, 352
hachisukae, Pycnonotus, 248
Haematornis, 223
harmsi, Anthus, 160
hainana, Alauda, 70
hainanensis, Otocompsa, 232
hainanensis, Pycnonotus, 232
hainanus, Ixus, 234
hainanus, Lanius, 349
hainanus, Pyenonotus, 234
hainanus, Tephrodornis, 220
halfae, Galerida, 60
halistephis, Artamides, 176
halizonus, Pycnonotus, 250
hallae, Anthus, 154
hallae, Criniger, 278
halli, Mirafra, 6
hamatus, Dryoscopus, 318
hamertoni, Alaemon, 40
Haplochelidon, 118
hararensis, Anthus, 154
hardwickei, Chloropsis, 306
hardwickii, Chloropsis, 306
harei, Calendula, 64
harei, Galerida, 64
harei, Mirafra, 17
harei, Pseudammomanes, 39
haringtoni, Anthus, 157
Haringtonia, 283
harrisoni, Eremopterix, 30
harrisoni, Pyrrhulauda, 30
harterti, Alauda, 66
harterti, Bleda, 261
harterti, Campylorhynchus, 383
harterti, Criniger, 288, 295
harterti, Galerida, 62
harterti, Heleodytes, 383
harterti, Hypsipetes, 288
harterti, Lullula, 65
harterti, Microscelis, 295
harterti, Mirafra, 10
harterti, Prionops, 312
harterti, Pycnonotus, 241
harterti, Sigmodus, 312
hartlaubii, Lanicterus, 206
INDEX
hartogi, Anthus, 148
haussarum, Prionops, 310
hauxwelli, Henicorhina, 432
hayi, Mirafra, 55
haynaldi, Criniger, 288
haynaldi, Hypsipetes, 288
hebraica, Melanocorypha, 41
hebridensis, Troglodytes, 421
heinei, Calandrella, 49, 50
heinei, Calandritis, 50
heinrothi, Coracina, 188
heinrothi, Edolisoma, 188
helenae, Galerida, 57
helenae, Laniarius, 330
Heleodytes, 380
Heliocorys, 55
helleri, Anorthura, 416
helleri, Troglodytes, 416
hellmayri, Anthus, 163
helveticus, Cinclus, 375
Hemicecrops, 105
hemileucurus, Lanius, 358
Hemimacronyx, 144
Hemipus, 217, 309
Hemitarsus, 224
Hemiura, 430
Hemixos, 282
Henicorhina, 431
henrici, Criniger, 278
henrici, Mirafra, 10
henrii, Alauda, 67
hensii, Lanius, 363
hensoni, Hypsipetes, 293
herberti, Alauda, 70
herberti, Thryothorus, 403
herero, Mirafra, 21
herero, Sabota, 21
hermonensis, Calandrella, 46
Herophilus, 113
hesperia, Progne, 86
hesperianus, Anthus, 162
hesperica, Alauda, 67
Heterocorys, 3
Heteromirafra, 23
Heteronyx, 23
Heterops, 55
Heterorhina, 431
heterura, Ammomanes, 33
hewitti, Megalophonus, 16
hibernicus, Cinclus, 374
hiemalis, Troglodytes, 415, 416
hijazensis, Ammomanes, 35
hilaris, Henicorhina, 435
hildebrandi, Hemixus, 293
hildebrandi, Hypsipetes, 293
INDEX 479
hilgerti, Galerida, 62
hilgerti, Nilaus, 315
hilgerti, Pelicinius, 326
hilgerti, Tchagra, 326
hillii, Mimus, 445
hirtensis, Troglodytes, 421
hirundinacea, Muscicapa, 218
hirundinaceus, Hemipus, 218
Hirundinidae, 80
Hirundininae, 81
Hirundo, 101, 104
hodgsoni, Anthus, 157, 158
hodiernus, Microtarsus, 228
hodiernus, Pyenonotus, 228
hoeschi, Ammomanes, 38
hoeschi, Anthus, 146
hoeschi, Mirafra, 22
holdereri, Melanocorypha, 42
holochlorus, Eurillas, 252
holochlorus, Pyenonotus, 252
holomelaena, Psalidoprocne, 127,128
holomelas, Dryoscopus, 332
holomelas, Hirundo, 128
holomelas, Laniarius, 332
holopolia, Coracina, 192
holopolius, Graucalus, 192
holti, Iole, 290
holtii, Hypsipetes, 290
homeyeri, Lanius, 357, 359
hondoensis, Cinclus, 378
hoogerwerfi, Coracina, 190
hoogerwerfi, Edolisoma, 190
hoogstraali, Irena, 308
horizoptera, Aegithina, 301
Horizorhinus, 309
hornensis, Cistothorus, 393
hornensis, Troglodytes, 393
horsfieldii, Mirafra, 7
hova, Mirafra, 7
hoyi, Pycnonotus, 233
hoyti, Eremophila, 75
hoyti, Otocoris, 75
hulli, Nesomimus, 448
humayuni, Pycnonotus, 236
humei, Aegithina, 301
humeralis, Lanius, 361, 362
humii, Hypsipetes, 296
humii, Microscelis, 296
humii, Molpastes, 235
humii, Pyenonotus, 235
humilis, Campylorhynchus, 382
hungarica, Calandrella, 45
huriensis, Galerida, 63
hurleyi, Thryomanes, 396
hutzi, Pyecnonotus, 248
hybrida, Hirundo, 115
hybridus, Laniarius, 329
hydrophilus, Cinclus, 374
Hylochelidon, 118
Hylorchilus, 389
hyperemnus, Microtarsus, 228
hyperemnus, Pycnonotus, 228
hypermetra, Mirafra, 9
hypermetrus, Spilocorydon, 9
hyperythra, Cecropis, 116
hyperythra, Hirundo, 116
hyperythrus, Thryothorus, 405
hypochloris, Phyllastrephus, 266
hypochloris, Stelgidillas, 266
Hypocoliinae, 373
Hypocolius, 309, 373
hypolampra, Hypurolepis, 109
hypoleuca, Coracina 181
hypoleucus, Graucalus, 181
hypoleucus, Lanius, 347
hypoleucus, Melanotis, 442
hypoleucus, Thryophilus, 413
hypoleucus, Thryothorus, 413
hypopolia, Petrochelidon, 120
hypopyrrhus, Laniarius, 339
hypopyrrhus, Malaconotus, 340
hypospodius, Thryothorus, 406
hypostictus, Campylorhynchus, 384
hypoxanthus, Andropadus, 254
hypoxanthus, Pyenonotus, 254
Hypsipetes, 282
Hypurolepis, 105
hyreanus, Troglodytes, 420, 421
iberiae, Motacilla, 131, 132
icterica, Motacilla, 142
ictericus, Criniger, 289
ictericus, Hypsipetes, 289
icterinus, Phyllastrephus, 271
icterinus, Trichophorus, 271
icterocephala, Chloropsis, 305
icterocephala, Phyllornis, 305
Idiocichla, 273
idius, Olbiorchilus, 418
idius, Troglodytes, 418
ignea, Campephaga, 205
igneus, Pericrocotus, 208, 209, 210
ijimae, Clivicola, 98
ijimae, Riparia, 98, 99
iliacus, Cistothorus, 394
imami, Galerida, 60
immaculatus, Anthus, 165
immodestus, Pericrocotus, 207
impar, Microscelis, 297
importunus, Pycnonotus, 254, 255
480
importunus, Turdus, 255
inceleber, Berneria, 271
inceleber, Phyllastrephus, 271
incerta, Campephaga, 190
incerta, Coracina, 190
incompta, Chloropsis, 306
inconspicua, Alauda, 50, 69
indica, Motacilla, 129
indica, Riparia, 99
indicator, Baeopogon, 259
indicator, Criniger, 259
indicus, Dendronanthus, 129
indicus, Hypsipetes, 289
indicus, Trichophorus, 289
indigenus, Troglodytes, 421
indistincta, Lalage, 199
indochinensis, Coracina, 193
indochinensis, Lalage, 193
indochinensis, Pycnonotus, 234
inexspectatus, Euptilosus, 243
inexspectatus, Pycnonotus, 243
infuseatus, Cyphorhinus, 438
ingens, Coracina, 180
ingens, Graucalus, 180
ingrami, Spizixos, 222
ingrami, Spizixus, 222
innectens, Hypsipetes, 284
innectens, Microscelis, 284
innitens, Pycnonotus, 238
innominata, Campophaga, 194
innominata, Riparia, 99
innotata, Aegithina, 303
innotata, lora, 303
inopinata, Alauda, 70
inopinatus, Anthus, 158
inornata, Chloropsis, 306
inornata, Henicorhina, 432
inornatus, Ixos, 239, 248
inornatus, Picnonotus, 248
inornatus, Pyenonotus, 239
inquietus, Troglodytes, 424
insignis, Hypsipetes, 294
insignis, Microscelis, 294
insperata, Coracina, 189
insperata, Volvocivora, 189
insulae, Hemipus, 218
insulae, Pyenonotus, 247
insulanus, Pericrocotus, 217
insularis, Ammomanes, 36
insularis, Andropadus, 248, 254
insularis, Chloropsis, 306
insularis, Eremophila, 78
insularis, Hirundo, 107
insularis, Molpastes, 237
insularis, Otocoris, 78
INDEX
insularis, Pyenonotus, 248, 254
insularis, Troglodytes, 399
insularum, Toxostoma, 452
insulicola, Lalage, 200
intensa, Aethocorys, 54
intensa, Calandrella, 54
intensior, Iole, 289
intensior, Pericrocotus, 208
intensus, Pheugopedius, 406
intensus, Thryothorus, 406
intercedens, Chlorophoneus, 338
intercedens, Lanius, 360
intercedens, Melanocorypha, 42
intercedens, Mirafra, 16
intercedens, Thryothorus, 402
interior, Pheugopedius, 406
interior, Thryothorus, 406
intermedia, Alauda, 67, 68
intermedia, Ammomanes, 34
intermedia, Coracina, 180, 194
intermedia, Prionops, 311, 313
intermedia, Volvocivora, 194
intermedius, Hemipus, 218
intermedius, Pericrocotus, 208
intermedius, Phyllastrephus, 264
intermedius, Pycnonotus, 235, 236
intermedius, Sigmodus, 313
intermedius, Troglodytes, 423
interpositus, Cyphorhinus, 439
interpositus, Leucolepis, 439
interpositus, Malaconotus, 340
invictus, Lanius, 355
Tole, 282
ioniae, Ptilocorys, 57
iranica, Otocorys, 73
iranicus, Ammomanes, 37
iredalei, Pericrocotus, 209
Irena, 307
Trenella, 307
Trenidae, 300
Tridoprocne, 81
isabellina, Alauda, 35
isabellina, Galerida, 58
isabellinus, Ammomanes, 35
isabellinus, Lanius, 347
isani, Criniger, 278
islandicus, Troglodytes, 422
isolata, Mirafra, 12
isseli, Mirafra, 17
isus, Pyenonotus, 251
italiae, Lanius, 363
itoculo, Phyllastrephus, 270
ituriensis, Chlorophoneus, 336
iwanowi, Galerida, 60
Ixidia, 223
Ixocherus, 224
Ixocincla, 282
Ixodia, 223
Ixonotus, 260
jabouillei, Coracina, 193
jacksoni, Dryoscopus, 334
jacksoni, Mirafra, 21
jacksoni, Telophorus, 334
jambu, Pycnonotus, 246
jamesi, Tchagra, 325
jamesi, Telephonus, 325
janeti, Ammomanes, 34
japonica, Alauda, 69
japonica, Bombycilla, 370
japonica, Bombycivora, 370
japonica, Cecropis, 115
japonica, Hirundo, 115
japonicus, Anthus, 161
japonicus, Pericrocotus, 208
javanica, Hirundo, 109
javanica, Mirafra, 4, 5, 6
javensis, Ceblephyris, 171
javensis, Coracina, 171
jaxartensis, Caudolanius, 351
jaxartensis, Lanius, 351
jebelmarrae, Anthus, 154
jebelmarrae, Lanius, 358
jefferyi, Chlamydochaera, 196
jerdoni, Anthus, 155
jerdoni, Chloropsis, 305
jerdoni, Phyllornis, 305
jocosus, Campylorhynchus, 380
jocosus, Lanius, 233
jocosus, Pycnonotus, 231, 233
johnsoni, Pycnonotus, 229
johnsoni, Rubigula, 229
johnstoniae, Pericrocotus, 217
jordansi, Galerida, 57
josensis, Anthus, 153
jourdaini, Lanius, 345
jugans, Tephrodornis, 219
juniperi, Troglodytes, 420
jurassicus, Cinclus, 375
juratensis, Cinclus, 375
juruanus, Thryothorus, 402
juxtus, Lanius, 345
kabalii, Mirafra, 11
kabylorum, Troglodytes, 420
kagerensis, Ardropadus, 266
kagoshimae, Alauda, 69
kakamegae, Pycnonotus, 251
kakamegae, Xenocichla, 251
kalahari, Orthotchagra, 323
INDEX 481
kalahari, Tchagra, 323
kalahariae, Certhilauda, 27
kalaharica, Corytpha, 16
kalaharica, Mirafra, 15, 16
kalaotuae, Coracina, 185
kalaotuae, Edolisoma, 185
Kalochelidon, 84
kamtschatiea, Hirundo, 107
kangrae, Motacilla, 140
kannegieteri, Artamides, 176
kannegieteri, Coracina, 176
kanrasani, Microscelis, 293
kaokoensis, Certhilauda, 24
kargasiensis, Cinclus, 377
karruensis, Calendulauda, 27
karu, Lalage, 201
karu, Lanius, 201
Karua, 196
kashmirica, Melanocorypha, 43
kastschenkoi, Anthus, 152
katangae, Anthus, 145
katangensis, Nicator, 274
kathangorensis, Mirafra, 9
katherinae, Ammomanes, 35
kathiawarensis, Lanius, 350
kavirondensis, Charitillas, 253
kavirondensis, Pyenonotus, 253
kawirondensis, Mirafra, 14
Kelaartia, 224
keniensis, Phyllastrephus, 270
keniensis, Prionops, 314
keniensis, Sigmodus, 314
keppeli. Lalage, 203
keyensis, Lalage, 199
khama, Eremopterix, 31
khama, Eremopteryx, 31
khamensis, Eremophila, 75
khamensis, Otocorys, 75
khasica, Hirundo, 117
khmerensis, Criniger, 278
kiborti, Alauda, 67, 68
kiborti, Cinclus, 378
kidepoensis, Mirafra, 9
kikuyuensis, Pycnonotus, 257
kikuyuensis, Xenocichla, 257
kilimandjaricus, Phyllastrephus, 254
kinneari, Ammomanes, 33
kinneari, Chloropsis, 304
kinneari, Eremalauda, 33, 38
kinneari, Troglodytes, 419
kirki, Prionops, 314
kirki, Sigmodus, 314
kiskensis, Nannus, 416
kiskensis, Troglodytes, 416
kismayensis, Dryoscopus, 327
482 INDEX
kismayensis, Laniarius, 327
kismayensis, Telophonus, 325
kitungensis, Andropadus, 254
kiwuensis, Pomatorhynchus, 324
kleinschmidti, Anthus, 160, 161
kleinschmidti, Galerita, 56
klossi, Molpastes, 238
klossi, Pyenonotus, 238
Knestrometopon, 310
kobayashii, Pycnonotus, 234
kobylini, Enneoctonus, 346
kobylini, Lanius, 345, 346
kochii, Coracina, 177
kochii, Graucalus, 177
koenigi, Lanius, 357
koenigi, Troglodytes, 420
k6ésteri, Psalidoprocne, 128
kollmanspergeri, Ammomanes, 35
kolymensis, Riparia, 98
koratensis, Volvocivora, 194
kordofanicus, Rhodophoneus, 326
korrejewi, Cinclus, 377
kretschmeri, Phyllostrophus, 263
Krimnochelidon, 101
krishnakumarsinhji, Calandrella, 48
kuehni, Coracina, 172
kukunoorensis, Alaudula, 50
kukunoorensis, Calandrella, 50
kulambangrae, Coracina, 173
kumboensis, Cecropis, 117
kumboensis, Hirundo, 117
kungwensis, Arizelocichla, 257
kungwensis, Dryoscopus, 319
kungwensis, Phyllastrephus, 267
kungwensis, Pyenonotus, 257
kupeensis, Chlorophoneus, 337
kupeensis, Telophorus, 337
kurilensis, Troglodytes, 417
kurrae, Mirafra, 10
lacteidorsalis, Pyrrhulauda, 29
lacuum, Anthus, 145
lacuum, Phyllastrephus, 259
laemocyclus, Nicator, 274
laetissima, Chlorocichla, 262
laetissimus, Andropadus, 262
laetus, Pericrocotus, 213
laetus, Thryothorus, 406
lafresnayei, Aegithina, 302
lafresnayei, Iora, 302
lagdeni, Laniarius, 339
lagdeni, Malaconotus, 339
Lagenoplastes, 118
lagepa, Alauda, 27
lagopoda, Delichon, 124
lagopoda, Hirundo, 124
lahtora, Collurio, 359
lahtora, Lanius, 358, 359
lahulensis, Lanius, 351
laingi, Cistothorus, 395
laingi, Telmatodytes, 395
Lalage, 196
lama, Lanius, 351
Lamprochelidon, 84
lamprochroma, Eremophila, 77
lamprochroma, Otocoris, 77
landanae, Ixonotus, 260, 337
Laniarius, 326, 333
Laniellus, 341
Laniidae, 309
Laniinae, 341
Lanioides, 342
Lanioturdus, 314
Lanius, 342
lansbergei, Pericrocotus, 211
laotianus, Spizixus, 222
larutensis, Artamides, 170
larutensis, Coracina, 170
larvata, Ceblepyris, 175
larvata, Coracina, 175
larvivorus, Coracina, 171
larvivorus, Graucalus, 171
lateralis, Thryophilus, 409
lateralis, Thryothorus, 409
latifasciatus, Troglodytes, 387
latirostris, Andropadus, 255
latirostris, Pyenonotus, 255
latistriatus, Anthus, 145
latouchei, Pycnonotus, 238
latouchei, Tephrodornis, 220
lawrencii, Cyphorhinus, 438
lawrencii, Thryothorus, 404
layardi, Coracina, 170
layardi, Graucalus, 170
layardi, Pycnonotus, 242
lazulina, Chloropsis, 307
lazulina, Phyllornis, 307
leautungensis, Galerida, 61
lecontei, Toxostoma, 453
Lecythoplastes, 118
leggei, Anthus, 156
leggei, Hemipus, 218
lekhakuni, Hypsipetes, 284
lekhakuni, Microscelis, 284
leoninus, Andropadus, 253
leoninus, Pyecnonotus, 253
lepida, Phainopepla, 372
lepida, Tachycineta, 83
Leptoptera, 367
Leptopterus, 367
INDEX 483
lettiensis, Coracina, 171
lettiensis, Graucalus, 171
leucansiptila, Eremophila, 78
leucansiptila, Otocoris, 78
leucocephala, Artamia, 367
leucocephala, Budytes, 132
leucocephala, Motacilla, 132
leucocephalus, Cinclus, 379
leucocephalus, Hypsipetes, 298
leucocephalus, Turdus, 298
leucocraspedon, Anthus, 153
leucogaster, Cinclus, 376
leucogastra, Troglodytes, 430
leucogastra, Uropsila, 430
leucogenys, Brachypus, 235
leucogenys, Pycnonotus, 234, 235
leucogrammicus, Ixos, 227
leucogrammicus, Pycnonotus, 227
leucolaema, Eremophila, 76
leucolaema, Xenocichla, 269
Leucolepis, 437
leucomela, Campephaga, 200
leucomela, Lalage, 199, 200
leuconotus, Cinclus, 379
leucopareia, Coraphites, 32
leucopareia, Eremopterix, 32
leucophaea, Calandrella, 50
leucophaeus, Mimus, 443
leucophrys, Anthus, 150
leucophrys, Henicorhina, 432, 434
leucophrys, Thryomanes, 398
leucophrys, Thryothorus, 398
leucophrys, Troglodytes, 434
leucopleura, Thescelocichla, 263
leucopleurus, Phyllastrephus, 263
leucopleurus, Phyllostrophus, 263
leucopogon, Thryophilus, 408
leucopogon, Thryothorus, 408
leucops, Oreoctistes, 246
leucops, Pycnonotus, 246
leucopsis, Motacilla, 139
leucoptera, Alauda, 43
leucoptera, Campephaga, 199
leucoptera, Lalage, 199
leucoptera, Melanocorypha, 43
leucoptera, Sylvia, 300
leucopterus, Lanius, 357, 359
leucopterus, Mimus, 442
leucopterus, Orpheus, 442
leucopyga, Hirundo, 82, 83
leucopyga, Lalage, 204
leucopyga, Tachycineta, 83
leucopygia, Coracina, 179
leucopygia, Hirundo, 82
leucopygialis, Lalage, 198
leucopygius, Graucalus, 179
leucopygos, Lanius, 358
leucopygus, Symmorphus, 204
leucorhynchus, Laniarius, 333
leucorhynchus, Telephonus, 333
leucorrhoa, Hirundo, 83
leucorrhoa, Tachycineta, 83
leucosoma, Hirundo, 112
leucosternum, Cheramoeca, 94
leucosternus, Hirundo, 94
leucosticta, Cyphorhinus, 432
leucosticta, Henicorhina, 431, 432
leucothorax, Hypsipetes, 298
leucothorax, Microscelis, 298
leucotis, Eremopterix, 29
leucotis, Ixos, 234
leucotis, Loxia, 29
leucotis, Pycnonotus, 234
leucotis, Thryothorus, 412, 413, 414
leucurus, Baeopogon, 259
leucurus, Tricophorus, 259
leytensis, Pericrocotus, 217
lhamarum, Alauda, 69
liberiae, Pseudhirundo, 95
liberianus, Telophorus, 336
liberiensis, Andropadus, 256
lichenya, Anthus, 145
lifuensis, Coracina, 174
lifuensis, Graucalus, 174
ligea, Troglodytes, 428
Lillia, 113
limes, Pycnonotus, 241
limpopoensis, Laniarius, 329
lineata, Ceblepyris, 179
lineata, Coracina, 178, 179
lineiventris, Anthus, 167
lingulacus, Lanius, 350
Lisomada, 169
litoralis, Hirundo, 98, 99
litoralis, Phyllastrephus, 267
littoralis, Anthus, 160, 162
littoralis, Cotyle, 99
littoralis, Harpalestes, 324
littoralis, Pycnonotus, 242
littoralis, Tchagra, 324
lividus, Turdus, 444
lobata, Campephaga, 206
lobatus, Ceblepyris, 206
Lobotos, 204, 206
lonnbergi, Alauda, 69
lonnbergi, Criniger, 284
lonnbergi, Phyllastrephus, 265
lonnbergi, Troglodytes, 418
Loidorusa, 224
lomitensis, Thryothorus, 410
484
longicauda, Coracina, 182
longicauda, Graucalus, 182
longicauda, Harporhynchus, 450
longicauda, Motacilla, 141
longicauda, Toxostoma, 450
longicaudatus, Lanius, 350
longicaudatus, Mimus, 445
longicilla, Troglodytes, 418
longipennis, Alauda, 45
longipennis, Calandrella, 45
longipes, Thryothorus, 400
longirostre, Toxostoma, 450
longirostris, Anthus, 154
longirostris, Criniger, 288
longirostris, Eremophila, 73
longirostris, Hypsipetes, 288
longirostris, Melanotis, 441, 442
longirostris, Orpheus, 450
longirostris, Otocoris, 73
longirostris, Thryothorus, 415
longonotensis, Mirafra, 17
longus, Andropadus, 255
loquax, Hypsipetes, 291
loquax, Ixos, 291
lorenzi, Phyllastrephus, 268
loudoni, Hirundo, 105
loudoni, Lanius, 345
louisiadensis, Coracina, 180
louisiadensis, Graucalus, 180
lucasi, Criniger, 289
lueasi, Hypsipetes, 289
lucida, Hirundo, 107
lucidus, Cistothorus, 391
lucionensis, Lanius, 345
ludoviciana, Sylvia, 409
ludovicianus, Lanius, 353, 354
ludovicianus, Thryothorus, 409
luebberti, Lanius, 352
liihderi, Laniarius, 327
lugens, Motacilla, 139
lugubris, Anthus, 148, 458
lugubris, Ceblepyris, 193
lugubris, Corydalla, 458
lugubris, Motacilla, 137
Lullula, 65
lunatipectus, Microcerculus, 436
lunifrons, Hirundo, 120
lushaiensis, Coracina, 170
lusitana, Ammomanes, 35
lutea, Motacilla, 132
luteolus, Haematornis, 247
luteolus, Pyenonotus, 247
lutescens, Anthus, 164
luteus, Parus, 132
lwenarum, Anthus, 146
INDEX
lwenarum, Mirafra, 15
lynesi, Anthus, 145
lynesi, Galerida, 61
lynesi, Hirundo, 111
lynesi, Mirafra, 20
mababiensis, Corypha, 15
mababiensis, Mirafra, 15
macdonaldi, Mirafra, 17
macdonaldi, Nesomimus, 447
macei, Coracina, 169
macei, Graucalus, 169
mackinnoni, Lanius, 352
Macronyx, 142
macronyx, Budytes, 133
macronyx, Motacilla, 133
macrorhyncha, Cinclocerthia, 455
macrorhyncha, Galerida, 57
macrourus, Troglodytes, 428
macrurus, Thryothorus, 401
maculata, Galerida, 59
maculata, Motacilla, 158
maculatum, Toxostoma, 452
maculatus, Anthus, 158
maculatus, Harporhynchus, 452
maculipectus, Thriothorus, 405
maculipectus, Thryothorus, 404, 405
maculosa, Colluricinela, 203
maculosa, Lalage, 201, 203
maculosus, Graucalus, 193
madagascariensis, Calicalicus, 365
madagascariensis, Hypsipetes, 295,
296
madagascariensis, Lanius, 365
madagascariensis, Muscicapa, 271
madagascariensis, Phedina, 101
madagascariensis, Phyllastrephus,
271
madagascariensis, Turdus, 296
madagascarina, Loxia, 368
madagascarinus, Leptopterus, 368
madaraspatensis, Motacilla, 137, 140
madaraszi, Eremopterix, 30
madaraszi, Galerida, 56
madaraszi, Pyrrhulauda, 30
madeirensis, Anthus, 153
maforensis, Campephaga, 178
maforensis, Coracina, 178
magdae, Galerida, 56
magdalenae, Thryothorus, 404
magdalenensis, Thryomanes, 398
magna, Galerida, 60
magnirostris, Alauda, 64
magnirostris, Coracina, 173
magnirostris, Galerida, 64
INDEX 485
magnirostris, Graucalus, 173
magnirostris, Hypsipetes, 294
magnirostris, Mimus, 444
magrathi, Anorthura, 419
magrathi, Molpastes, 235
magrathi, Troglodytes, 419
major, Brachypodius, 228
major, Ceblepyris, 184
major, Laniarius, 328, 329
major, Lanius, 347, 356
major, Otomela, 347
major, Telephonus, 328
makarikari, Anacorys, 18
makarikari, Mirafra, 18
makawa, Chlorophoneus, 335
makawa, Telophorus, 335
makirae, Coracina, 179
malabarica, Alauda, 63
malabarica, Galerida, 63
malabaricus, Parus, 208
malabaricus, Pericrocotus, 208, 209
malabaricus, Phyllornis, 305
malabaricus, Turdus, 306
malaccensis, Hypsipetes, 291
Malaconotinae, 314
Malaconotus, 338
malaitae, Coracina, 178
malayana, Chloropsis, 307
malayensis, Anthus, 147
malayensis, Irena, 308
Malayornis, 225
malbranti, Mirafra, 11
Malindangia, 169
mallopega, Hypurolepis, 108
malzacii, Dryoscopus, 317
mailzacii, Malaconotus, 317, 318
manastarae, Henicorhina, 434
mandana, Tchagra, 326
mandanus, Telephonus, 326
mandarinus, Pericrocotus, 212
mandschurica, Hirundo, 106
mangbettorum, Psalidoprocne, 128
manningi, Malaconotus, 336
manningi, Telophorus, 336
maraisi, Telophorus, 335
maranonicus, Mimus, 446
marchei, Stelgidillas, 261
marchesae, Pericrocotus, 217
marescoti, Edolisoma, 168
margaritae, Alaemon, 54
margaritae, Chersophilus, 54
Margarops, 457
marginata, Campephaga, 189
marginata, Coracina, 189
marginata, Heterocnemis, 436
32
marginata, Mirafra, 4, 9
marginatus, Microcerculus, 435, 436
mariae, Pericrocotus, 213
marianae, Cistothorus, 394
marila, Hydrobata, 378
marinensis, Thryomanes, 397
marionae, Mirafra, 20
marngli, Cheramoeca, 94
maroantsetrae, Oxylabes, 272
marsabit, Phyllastrephus, 270
martensi, Prionops, 311
martini, Campephaga, 206
martini, Campophaga, 206
martini, Pyenonotus, 238
martinicensis, Thryothorus, 424
martinicensis, Troglodytes, 424
Martula, 96
marungensis, Anthus, 151
marwitzi, Andropadus, 252
marwitzi, Hirundo, 112
marwitzi, Lanius, 361, 362
marwitzi, Pyenonotus, 252
massaica, Mirafra, 21
massaica, Psalidoprocne, 127
massaicus, Megalophonus, 21
massaicus, Nilaus, 315
masukuensis, Andropadus, 251
masukuensis, Pyenonotus, 251
matchiae, Hypsipetes, 293, 294
matchie, Microscelis, 294
matthiae, Coracina, 188
matthiae, Edolisoma, 188
mauritanica, Cotile, 96
mauritanica, Riparia, 96
mauritii, Lanius, 361
maxima, Ceblepyris, 168
maxima, Cecropis, 113
maxima, Hirundo, 113
maxima, Melanocorypha, 42
maxima, Pteropodocys, 167, 168
maximiliani, Clivicola, 98
mayi, Karua, 199
mayri, Cecropis, 117
mayri, Hirundo, 117
mcChesneyi, Aethocorys, 54
mechesneyi, Calandrella, 54
meclellandii, Hypsipetes, 290
megregori, Coracina, 192
megregori, Malindangia, 192
mearnsi, Harporhynchus, 450
mearnsi, Lanius, 355
mearnsi, Toxostoma, 450
media, Chloropsis, 306
media, Phyllornis, 306
medius, Alophoixus, 281
486 INDEX
medius, Anthus, 148
meeki, Coracina, 191
meeki, Edoliisoma, 191
meekiana, Coracina, 180
megacyanea, Glauconympha, 308
megaensis, Calandrella, 51
megaensis, Hirundo, 112
megaensis, Pseudalaemon, 55
megalopterus, Campylorhynchus,
386
Meganthus, 144
meinertzhageni, Anthus, 162
meinertzhageni, Certhilauda, 28
meinertzhageni, Melanocorypha, 42
meinertzhageni, Telephonus, 321
meinertzhageni, Troglodytes, 421
mekongensis, Tephrodornis, 220
melaena, Coracina, 191
melamprosopus, Telophorus, 336
melanauchen, Coraphites, 31
melanauchen, Eremopterix, 31
melanchimus, Pycnonotus, 237
melanictera, Muscicapa, 228
melanicterus, Pycnonotus, 228
melanocephala, Alauda, 29
melanocephala, Coracina, 175
melanocephala, Eremopterix, 29
melanocephalos, Lanius, 228
melanocephalus, Graucalus, 175
melanocephalus, Lanius, 348
melanochlamys, Irena, 308
Melanocorypha, 40
Melanocoryphoides, 41
melanocrissa, Cecropis, 117
melanogaster, Corvus, 182
melanogaster, Hirundo, 121
melanogaster, Petrochelidon, 121
melanogaster, Thryothorus, 400
melanogrisea, Motacilla, 135
melanogriseus, Budytes, 135
melanoleuca, Atticora, 90
melanoleuca, Corvinella, 342
melanoleuca, Hirundo, 90
melanoleuca, Lalage, 197
melanoleuca, Pseudolalage, 197
melanoleucos, Microtarsus, 227
melanoleucos, Pyenonotus, 227
melanoleucus, Dryoscopus, 320
melanoleucus, Hapalophus, 320
melanoleucus, Lanius, 342
melanolora, Campephaga, 179
melanolora, Coracina, 179
melanope, Motacilla, 136
melanops, Coracina, 172
melanops, Corvus, 172
melanoptera, Campephaga, 194
melanoptera, Ceblepyris, 194, 195
melanoptera, Coracina, 193, 195
melanoptera, Prionops, 311
melanoptera, Volvocivora, 193
melanopterus, Lanius, 356
melanopterus, Mimus, 444
Melanoptila, 441
melanopygia, Lalage, 201
Melanorhectes, 309
melanothorax, Telophorus, 336
Melanotis, 441, 442
melanotis, Campephaga, 187
melanotis, Graucalus, 172, 187
melanotis, Nesomimus, 448
melanotis, Orpheus, 448
melanotis, Turdus, 441
melanoxantha, Phainoptila, 373
melanura, Volvocivora, 193
melas, Lanius, 191
melaschistos, Coracina, 193
melaschistos, Volvocivora, 193
melbina, Atticora, 95
melbina, Pseudhirundo, 95
meligera, Anorthura, 417
meligerus, Troglodytes, 417
melindae, Anthus, 152
melinoides, Malaconotus, 338
meliphonus, Catherpes, 389
melliana, Chloropsis, 307
mellianus, Graucalus, 170
melvillensis, Coracina, 186
melvillensis, Mirafra, 7
mentalis, Graucalus, 182
mentalis, Prionops, 312
mentalis, Sigmodus, 312
mentor, Andropadus, 255
menzbieri, Anthus, 159
meridae, Anthus, 166
meridae, Cistothorus, 393
meridana, Henicorhina, 434
meridensis, Notiochelidon, 89
meridensis, Orochelidon, 89
meridionalis, Certhilauda, 39
meridionalis, Cinelus, 375, 376
meridionalis, Delichon, 124
meridionalis, Galerida, 56
meridionalis, Hirundo, 124
meridionalis, Lanius, 357
meridionalis, Pyenonotus, 233
Meropixus, 224
Meropizus, 224
merrilli, Eremophila, 77
merrilli, Otocoris, 77
mertoni, Graucalus, 181
meruensis, Chlorocichla, 262
meruensis, Mirafra, 4
mesata, Hypurolepis, 109
mesoleucus, Thryothorus, 424
mesoleucus, Troglodytes, 424
Mesolophus, 225
mesopotamia, Pycnonotus, 234
mesopotamiae, Pycnonotus, 234
messeris, Artamides, 176
Metagraucalus, 169
mexicana, Henicorhina, 432
mexicanus, Cinclus, 378
mexicanus, Lanius, 354
mexicanus, Salpinctes, 388, 389
mexicanus, Thryomanes, 398
mexicanus, Thryothorus, 389
mexicanus, Troglodytes, 398
meyeni, Petrochelidon, 83
meyerii, Coracina, 187
meyerii, Edoliosoma, 187
miamensis, Lanius, 354
miamensis, Thryothorus, 409
Microcerculus, 435
Microchelidon, 91
micromelaena, Aegithina, 301
microptera, Hirundo, 110
microptera, Mirafra, 19
Micropus, 223
microrhyncha, Lalage, 200
microrhynchos, Anthus, 157
microrhynchus, Anthus, 157
Microscelis, 282
microstictus, Pheugopedius, 404
microstictus, Thryothorus, 404
Microtarsus, 223
micrus, Pyenonotus, 242
migrans, Lanius, 354
milanjensis, Pycnonotus, 258
milanjensis, Xenocichla, 258
milligani, Mirafra, 6
Mimidae, 440
Mimodes, 448
Mimus, 442
mindanensis, Chloropsis, 303
mindanensis, Coracina, 190
mindanensis, Mirafra, 5
mindanensis, Volvocivora, 190
mindorensis, Artamides, 177
mindorensis, Coracina, 177
mindorensis, Hypsipetes, 287
mindorensis, Iole, 287
miniata, Muscicapa, 215
miniatus, Pericrocotus, 215
minima, Petrochelidon, 121
minimus, Cistothorus, 392
32*
INDEX
minimus, Neochelidon, 91
minlosi, Thryophilus, 411
minlosi, Thryothorus, 411
minor, Calandrella, 49
minor, Calandritis, 49
minor, Campophaga, 195
minor, Campylorhynchus, 382
minor, Cinclus, 376
minor, Cotyle, 96
minor, Eurillas, 253
minor, Heleodytes, 382
minor, Lalage, 197
minor, Lanius, 352
minor, Nilaus, 315
minor, Odontorchilus, 387
minor, Odontorhynchus, 387
minor, Otocompsa, 230
minor, Phainoptila, 373
minor, Pseudolalage, 197
minor, Pyenonotus, 230, 241
minor, Riparia, 96
minor, Tchagra, 324
minor, Telephonus, 324
minus, Edoliisoma, 192
minuta, Calandrella, 50
minuta, Tchagra, 320
minutus, Telephonus, 320
minutus, Trichophorus, 285, 286
minythomelas, Pericrocotus, 215
Mirafra, 3
mirei, Ammomanes, 35
mitifica, Lalage, 198
mixta, Lalage, 202
modesta, Galerida, 63, 64
modesta, Galerita, 55
modesta, Lalage, 201
modesta, Progne, 86, 87
modesta, Pyrrhulauda, 31
modestus, Andropadus, 269
modestus, Brachypus, 250
modestus, Telophorus, 334
modestus, Thryothorus, 412
modiglianii, Pericrocotus, 215
modulator, Cyphorhinus, 440
modulator, Mimus, 446
modulator, Orpheus, 446
modulator, Thryothorus, 440
meeritica, Galerida, 60
moesta, Lalage, 199
mollis, Lanius, 356
Molpastes, 224
moltschanowi, Galerida, 56
moluccensis, Chloropsis, 305
moluccensis, Phyllornis, 305
molybdophanes, Ptiliogenys, 372
487
488
molybdophanes, Ptilogonys, 372
mombasae, Chlorocichla, 262
monacha, Campephaga, 188
monacha, Coracina, 188
monacus, Parisoma, 229
mongolica, Alauda, 43
mongolica, Melanocorypha, 43
mongolica, Pallasia, 41
monodi, Ammomanes, 34
montana, Coracina, 192
montana, Otocorys, 73
montanus, Andropadus, 251
montanus, Cinclus, 376
montanus, Oreoscoptes, 449
montanus, Orpheus, 449
montanus, Pericrocotus, 212
montanus, Phyllastrephus, 265
montanus, Pycnonotus, 251
montanus, Turdus, 457
montebelli, Anthus, 148
monteiri, Cecropis, 115
monteiri, Hirundo, 115
monteiri, Laniarius, 340
monteiri, Malaconotus, 340
monticola, Hypsipetes, 287
monticola, Iole, 287
monticola, Ixos, 232
monticola, Pycnonotus, 232
monticola, Troglodytes, 428
montis, Pyecnonotus, 230
montis, Rubigula, 230
montivaga, Calendula, 64
montivaga, Galerida, 64
montivagus, Haringtonia, 298
montona, Campephaga, 192
montpellieri, Pericrocotus, 212
montrosieri, Lalage, 204
moreatica, Phileremos, 45
morio, Ceblepyris, 189
morio, Coracina, 189
mossambicus, Dryoscopus, 329
mossambicus, Laniarius, 328, 329
mossambiquensis, Mirafra, 18
mosukei, Troglodytes, 417, 418
moszkowskii, Edoliisoma, 190
Motacilla, 130
Motacillidae, 129
mozambicus, Harpolestes, 323
miihlei, Galerida, 56
miilleri, Telephonus, 322
miilleri, Troglodytes, 420
miillerii, Coracina, 186
miillerii, Edoliisoma, 186
miinzneri, Campephaga, 206
miinzneri, Chlorophoneus, 335
INDEX
miinzneri, Phyllastrephus, 270
mufumbiri, Laniarius, 331
muhingae, Anthus, 151
multicolor, Aegithina, 300
multicolor, Bleda, 273
multicolor, Criniger, 273
multicolor, Fringilla, 300
multicolor, Laniarius, 336
multicolor, Telophorus, 336
multicolor, Xenocichla, 273
muniensis, Andropadus, 253
murina, Notiochelidon, 88, 89
murina, Petrochelidon, 88, 89
murinus, Laniarius, 332
murinus, Thryomanes, 398
murinus, Thryothorus, 398
murphyi, Progne, 88
Muscicapidae, 309, 341
musculus, Troglodytes, 426
musica, Hemiura, 431
musica, Uropsila, 431
musicus, Formicarius, 437
musicus, Thryothorus, 424
musicus, Troglodytes, 424
mya, Ammomanes, 34
Myiolestes, 309
Myiosobus, 283
myitkyinensis, Hypsipetes, 283
myitkyinensis, Microscelis, 283
mystacalis, Criniger, 289
mystacalis, Hypsipetes, 289
mystacalis, Thryothorus, 402
mzimbaensis, Anthus, 156
naevia, Alauda, 22
naevia, Mirafra, 22
naevia, Muscicapa, 204
nagamichii, Hypsipetes, 295
nairobiensis, Dryoscopus, 318
namibensis, Chersomanes, 27
namiyei, Chelidon, 109
namiyei, Hirundo, 109
nandensis, Dryoscopus, 319
nannoides, Troglodytes, 427
Nannorchilus, 430
Nannus, 415
nargianus, Lanius, 348
nassovicus, Pericrocotus, 212
nasutus, Lanius, 349
nata, Mirafra, 15
natalensis, Laniarius, 330
natalensis, Pomatorhynchus, 323
natalensis, Tchagra, 323
Natalornis, 105
natka, Lalage, 202
INDEX 489
nattereri, Anthus, 165
natunensis, Chloropsis, 305
naumanni, Pycnonotus, 242
ndussumensis, Criniger, 276
negatus, Pycnonotus, 230
neglecta, Coracina, 194
neglecta, Petrochelidon, 119
neglecta, Pteropodocys, 168
neglecta, Volvocivora, 187, 194
neglectum, Edoliosoma, 187
neglectus, Pericrocotus, 214
neglectus, Salpinctes, 388
neglectus, Troglodytes, 419
nehrkorni, Coracina, 187
nehrkorni, Edoliisoma, 187
neilgherriensis, Hypsepetes, 297
nelsoni, Campylorhynchus, 386
nelsoni, Heleodytes, 386
nelsoni, Lanius, 355
Neochelidon, 91
Neofiscus, 343
Neolanius, 343
Neolestes, 299, 341
Neomirafra, 4
Neophedina, 96
neoxena, Hirundo, 110
nesiarchus, Artamides, 176
nesiotica, Aegithina, 302
nesiotis, Campephaga, 188
nesiotis, Coracina, 188
Nesobates, 263
Nesomimus, 447
nesophila, Lalage, 202
nesophilus, Thryomanes, 397
neumanni, Anthus, 151
neumanni, Arizelocichla, 258
neumanni, Galerida, 56
neumanni, Hirundo, 114
neumanni, Prionops, 313
neumanni, Pycnonotus, 258
neumanni, Sigmodus, 313
neumannianus, Anthus, 154
nevadensis, Lanius, 353
newtoni, Coracina, 184
newtoni, Fiscus, 363
newtoni, Lanius, 363
newtoni, Oxynotus, 184
newtoni, Riparia, 96
ngamiensis, Africorys, 12
ngamii, Pycnonotus, 241
Nicator, 274, 341
niceae, Thryomanes, 396
nicefori, Thryothorus, 411
nicholsoni, Anthus, 153
nicobariensis, Hypsipetes, 295, 299
nicolli, Calandrella, 49
nieuwenhuisii, Poliolophus, 243
nieuwenhuisii, Pycnonotus, 243
niger, Centrites, 153
niger, Turdus, 197
nigeriae, Pycnonotus, 240
nigerrimus, Hypsipetes, 298
nigerrimus, Laniarius, 329
nigra, Campephaga, 206
nigra, Lalage, 197, 198
nigra, Psalidoprocne, 126
nigrescens, Alauda, 68
nigrescens, Chlorophoneus, 335
nigrescens, Hypsipetes, 297
nigrescens, Mirafra, 7, 11
nigricans, Alauda, 23
nigricans, Galerida, 59, 60
nigricans, Galerita, 60
nigricans, Hirundo, 120
nigricans, Mirafra, 23
nigricans, Petrochelidon, 119, 120
nigricans, Prionops, 313
nigricans, Pycnonotus, 239
nigricans, Riparia, 97
nigricans, Sigmodus, 313
nigricans, Turdus, 239
nigricapillus, Lanius, 348
nigricapillus, Thryothorus, 407
nigricauda, Laniarius, 338
nigricauda, Telophorus, 338
nigricaudatus, Campylorhynchus,
383
nigricaudatus, Heleodytes, 385
nigriceps, Collurio, 350
nigriceps, Eremopterix, 31
nigriceps, Lanius, 350
nigriceps, Pycnonotus, 257
nigriceps, Pyrrhalauda, 31
nigriceps, Xenocichla, 257
nigricollis, Chloropsis, 305
nigricollis, Philemon, 305
nigrifrons, Coracina, 178
nigrifrons, Eremophila, 74
nigrifrons, Graucalus, 178
nigrifrons, Laniarius, 335
nigrifrons, Otocorys, 74
nigrifrons, Telophorus, 335
nigrimentalis, Delichon, 124
nigrimentalis, Hirundo, 124
nigrita, Galerida, 64
nigrita, Heliocorys, 64
nigrita, Hirundo, 111
nigritemporalis, Nilaus, 315
nigrithorax, Telophorus, 336
nigriticola, Mirafra, 20
490 INDEX
nigrodorsalis, Donacobius, 456
nigrolutea, Aegithina, 302
nigrolutea, lora, 302
nigropileus, Pyecnonotus, 235
nigrorufa, Hirundo, 112
Nilaiis, 314
Nilaus, 314
nilghiriensis, Anthus, 157
niloticus, Enneoctonus, 364
niloticus, Lanius, 363, 364
nipalensis, Cecropis, 116
nipalensis, Coracina, 170
nipalensis, Delichon, 125
nipalensis, Graucalus, 170
nipalensis, Hirundo, 116
nipalensis, Troglodytes, 419
nisoria, Coracina, 189
nisorium, Edolisoma, 189
nisorius, Thryothorus, 408
nitens, Atticora, 126
nitens, Phainopepla, 372
nitens, Psalidoproene, 126
nitens, Ptilogonys, 372
nitidus, Troglodytes, 423
niveni, Tephrocorys, 47
nivescens, Anthus, 154
nivosa, Certhilauda, 58
nobilis, Spizixos, 222
noomei, Andropadus, 255
noomei, Pyenonotus, 255
normani, Coracina, 175
normani, Graucalus, 175
notata, Bleda, 273
notatus, Trichophorus, 273
notha, Tchagra, 321
nothus, Pomatorhynchus, 321
Notiochelidon, 88
notius, Salpinctes, 387
novae-guineae, Corvus, 187
novaehollandiae, Coracina, 169, 172
novae Hollandiae, Turdus, 172
novae Seelandiae, Alauda, 149
novaeseelandiae, Anthus, 145, 149
novae zealandiae, Alauda, 165
novus, Pericrocotus, 217
nubica, Galerida, 59
nubicus, Lanius, 364
nuchalis, Campylorhynchus, 384
numforana, Coracina, 187
nyansae, Dryoscopus, 317
nyasae, Laniarius, 332
nyassae, Anthus, 154
nyikae, Mirafra, 11
oasis, Lanius, 358
oaxacae, Eremophila, 80
oaxacae, Otocoris, 80
oaxacae, Thryothorus, 408
obbiensis, Calandrella, 53
obbiensis, Spizocorys, 53
oberholseri, Progne, 86
oberholseri, Thryothorus, 409
oberholseri, Toxostoma, 453
obiense, Edoliosoma, 186
obiensis, Coracina, 186
oblitus, Pheugopedius, 409
oblitus, Pyenonotus, 249
oblitus, Thryothorus, 409
obseura, Coracina, 186
obscura, Hirundo, 129
obseura, Psalidoprocne, 129
obscura, Pseudalaudula, 51
obscurata, Certhilauda, 27
obscurior, Lalage, 200
obseurus, Hemipus, 218
obsecurus, Microcerculus, 436
obscurus, Thryothorus, 402
obsoleta, Cotyle, 102
obsoleta, Ptyonoprogne, 101, 102
obsoleta, Troglodytes, 387
obsoletus, Salpinctes, 387
occidentale, Toxostoma, 452
occidentalis, Chlorocichla, 262
occidentalis, Dryoscopus, 318
occidentalis, Eremophila, 79
occidentalis, Megalophonus, 11
occidentalis, Methriopterus, 452
occidentalis, Microcerculus, 435
occidentalis, Mirafra, 11
occidentalis, Nilaus, 316
occidentalis, Otocoris, 79
occidentalis, Schetba, 365
occidentalis, Troglodytes, 421
ocellatum, Toxostoma, 451
ocellatus, Harporhynchus, 451
ochracea, Prionops, 311
ochraceus, Criniger, 278, 279
ochraceus, Troglodytes, 427
ochrocephalus, Turdus, 226
ocularis, Motacilla, 138, 139
Odontorchilus, 386
Odontorhynchus, 386
ogawae, Hypsipetes, 294
ogawae, Troglodytes, 418
ogowensis, Bleda, 273
okahandjae, Mirafra, 12
okavangensis, Dryoscopus, 318
okuensis, Coracina, 183
olallae, Odontorchilus, 415
oleaginea, Psalidoprocne, 127
oleaginus, Andropadus, 255
oleaginus, Pyenonotus, 255
INDEX 491
olgae, Melanocorypha, 41
olivacea, Iole, 285
olivaceiceps, Criniger, 258
olivaceiceps, Pycnonotus, 258
olivaceogriseus, Phyllastrephus, 267
olivaceus, Criniger, 276
olivaceus, Hypsipetes, 285, 296
olivaceus, Lanius, 335
olivaceus, Malaconotus, 338, 339
olivaceus, Telophorus, 335
olivaceus, Tricophorus, 276
olivascens, Cinnicerthia, 390
olivascens, Cinnycerthia, 390
olympicus, Cinclus, 376
omaruru, Anacorys, 17
ombriosa, Coracina, 178
ombriosus, Graucalus, 178
omdurmanensis, Alaemon, 39
omoensis, Anthus, 150
omoensis, Mirafra, 14
omoensis, Prionops, 311
ongumaensis, Calandrella, 47
oreinus, Oreocorys, 162
Oreocorys, 144
Oreoctistes, 225
oreodrama, Otocoris, 73
oreopolus, Troglodytes, 423
Oreoscoptes, 449
orientalis, Ammomanes, 37
orientalis, Calandrella, 45
orientalis, Cinclus, 375
orientalis, Hirundo, 123
orientalis, Hypocolius, 373
orientalis, Phyllastrephus, 264
orientalis, Pomatorhynchus, 323
orientalis, Psalidoproene, 128
orientalis, Tchagra, 323
orientalis, Turdus, 196
orientalis, Xenocichla, 264
orientis, Tephrodornis, 221
orli, Pyenonotus, 234
orii, Troglodytes, 418
Oriolia, 368
oriolina, Campephaga, 207
oriolinus, Lobotus, 207
oriomo, Coracina, 180
Orochelidon, 88
orostruthus, Phyllastrephus, 270
oroyae, Petrochelidon, 119
Orpheus, 282
orpheus, Mimus, 443
orpheus, Turdus, 443
Orthotchagra, 320
Oscarornis, 196
Oscines, 3
ostenta, Coracina, 193
Otocompsa, 224
Otocoris, 71
Otocorydopsis, 71
otofuscus, Ptilogonys, 371
otoleuca, Fringilla, 29
Otomela, 342
ottomeyeri, Lalage, 201
ovambensis, Anacorys, 18
oviedo, Dulus, 374
Oxynotus, 168
Pachycephalinae, 341
Pachycephalixus, 225
pacifica, Hemiura, 430
pacifica, Uropsila, 430
pacificus, Anthus, 160
pacificus, Troglodytes, 416
pacificus, Turdus, 202
palaestinae, Pycnonotus, 239
palawanensis, Chloropsis, 303
palawanensis, Criniger, 285
palawanensis, Hypsipetes, 285
palawanensis, Phyllornis, 303
Pallasia, 41
pallasii, Cinclus, 377, 378
pallens, Ammomanes, 33
pallens, Lanius, 358
pallens, Xanthixus, 245
pallescens, Anorthura, 417
pallescens, Anthus, 146
pallescens, Campylorhynchus, 385
pallescens, Lalage, 200
pallescens, Ptilogonys, 372
pallescens, Troglodytes, 417
palliata, Falculea, 367
pallida, Alauda, 62, 63
pallida, Ammomanes, 12, 32
pallida, Coracina, 184
pallida, Galerida, 55, 63
pallida, Galerita, 55, 62, 63
pallida, Lullula, 65
pallida, Mirafra, 6, 12
pallida, Molpastes, 236
pallida, Otocoris, 73, 78
pallida, Otocorys, 73
pallida, Petrochelidon, 121
pallida, Pteropodocys, 167
pallida, Ptionoprogne, 103
pallida, Ptyonoprogne, 103
pallida, Saxicola, 39
pallida, Stelgidocichla, 256
pallida, Tchagra, 322
pallidiceps, Bombycilla, 370
pallidifrons, Lanius, 346
pallidigula, Chlorocichla, 262
pallidigula, Psalidoprocne, 126
492 INDEX
pallidigula, Xenocichla, 262
pallidior, Bleda, 273
pallidior, Calendula, 38
pallidior, Mirafra, 12
pallidirostris, Lanius, 358, 359
pallidirostris, Malaconotus, 339
palliditinctus, Anthus, 153
pallidiventris, Anthus, 151
pallidus, Anthus, 163
pallidus, Campylorhynchus, 382
pallidus, Criniger, 277, 278
pallidus, Pericrocotus, 209
pallidus, Phileremos, 78
pallidus, Pycnonotus, 236, 242, 256
pallidus, Telophonus, 322
pallidus, Tephrodornis, 221
pallidus, Thryothorus, 404
palmeri, Harporhynchus, 452
palmeri, Hirundo, 107
palmeri, Toxostoma, 452
paludicola, Cistothorus, 395
paludicola, Hirundo, 97
paludicola, Riparia, 96, 97
palustris, Acrocephalus, 131
palustris, Certhia, 394
palustris, Cistothorus, 394
pammicrus, Pyenonotus, 251
panamensis, Heleodytes, 385
panayensis, Artamides, 177
panayensis, Coracina, 177, 185, 193
panayensis, Edoliisoma, 177, 193
panayensis, Graucalus, 193
papua, Hylochelidon, 120
papuensis, Coracina, 179, 180
papuensis, Corvus, 180
Paragraucalus, 169
pardus, Campylorhynchus, 384
parkmanii, Troglodytes, 422, 423
paroticalis, Ixidia, 231
paroticalis, Pycnonotus, 231
parryi, Coracina, 181
parsoni, Hirundo, 110
parsonsi, Hirundo, 110
parva, Calamocichla, 265
parva, Mirafra, 6
parvexi, Otocorys, 73
parvirostris, Ammomanes, 37
parvirostris, Chloropsis, 304
parvirostris, Graucalus, 172
parvirostris, Hypsipetes, 296
parvula, Coracina, 182
parvula, Riparia, 100
parvulus, Graucalus, 182
parvulus, Nesomimus, 448
parvulus, Orpheus, 448
parvus, Anthus, 164
parvus, Notiocorys, 164
parvus, Phyllostrophus, 265
Passeriformes, 3
passerina, Mirafra, 8, 9
patae, Certhilauda, 26
patagonica, Hirundo, 89
patagonica, Notiochelidon, 89
patagonicus, Mimus, 446
patagonicus, Orpheus, 446
patriciae, Motacilla, 136
pattani, Pycnonotus, 232
paucimaculatus, Thryothorus, 406
paulus, Alcurus, 226
paulus, Pycnonotus, 226
pauper, Phyllastrephus, 265
pavida, Cinclocerthia, 454
payni, Ammomanes, 33
peasei, Pycnonotus, 242
pectoralis, Coracina, 183
pectoralis, Graucalus, 183
peguensis, Otocompsa, 232
pekinensis, Alauda, 68
Pelicinius, 326, 333
pelingi, Coracina, 186
pelingi, Edolisoma, 186
pelopus, Anthus, 160
pelvica, Ténthaca, 219
pelvicus, Tephrodornis, 219
pembertoni, Cotile, 97
penicillata, Alauda, 72
penicillata, Eremophila, 72
penicillatus, Pycnonotus, 245
peninsulae, Olbiorchilus, 418
peninsularis, Troglodytes, 423
peracensis, Hypsipetes, 291
peracensis, Tole, 291
percivali, Arizelocichla, 257
percivali, Criniger, 257
percivali, Psalidoproene, 128
percivali, Pycnonotus, 257
percivali, Tchagra, 321
percivali, Telephonus, 321
perenus, Thryomanes, 398
perconfusus, Budytes, 131
peregrina, Eremophila, 80
peregrina, Otocorys, 80
peregrinus, Parus, 209
peregrinus, Pericrocotus, 209
pererrata, Coracina, 185
pererratum, Edolisoma, 185
Pericrocotus, 207
perissa, Otocoris, 74
Perissolalage, 196
perniger, Hypsipetes, 299
perpallida, Coracina, 181
perpallida, Hirundo, 103
perpallida, Ptyonoprogne, 103
perplexa, Iole, 285
perplexus, Hypsipetes, 285
perplexus, Pycnonotus, 250
persica, Alaudula, 50
persica, Calandrella, 50
persica, Motacilla, 138
persicus, Cinclus, 376
personata, Calandrella, 53
personata, Ceblepyris, 171
personata, Coracina, 171
personata, Motacilla, 138, 139
personata, Otocompsa, 246
personata, Spizocorys, 53
personatus, Nesomimus, 448
personatus, Pycnonotus, 246
perspicillatus, Laniarius, 341
perspicillatus, Malaconotus, 341
peruana, Cinnycerthia, 390
peruanus, Presbys, 390
peruanus, Thryophilus, 414
peruanus, Thryothorus, 414
peruviana, Notiochelidon, 89
peruviana, Pygochelidon, 89
peruvianus, Anthus, 164
pescadoresi, Alauda, 71
pescadoresiana, Alauda, 71
peterseni, Coracina, 192
peterseni, Edolisoma, 192
petersi, Coracina, 173
petersi, Pheugopedius, 405
petiti, Campephaga, 205
petiti, Campophaga, 205
petiti, Psalidoprocne, 127
Petranthus, 144
petricolus, Anthus, 153
Petrochelidon, 118
petrophilus, Nannus, 417
petrosa, Alauda, 162
petrosus, Anthus, 160, 162
Phacelias, 225
phaeocephalus, Criniger, 281
phaeocephalus, Cyphorhinus, 438
phzocephalus, Ixos, 281
phaeocephalus, Micropus, 227
phaeocephalus, Pyenonotus, 241
pheocephalus, Trichixos, 281
Phaeoprogne, 85
Phaidrometopon, 310
Phainopepla, 372
Phainoptila, 372
phanus, Pelicinius, 337
phanus, Telophorus, 337
33
INDEX 493
phasianella, Pteropodocys, 167
phasianellus, Graucalus, 168
Phedina, 100
philbyi, Calandrella, 46
philipi, Aegithina, 301
philippensis, Hypsipetes, 286
philippensis, Poliolophus, 244
philippensis, Pyenonotus, 244
philippensis, Turdus, 286
philippinensis, Galgulus, 286
philippinensis, Mirafra, 5
philippinus, Hypsipetes, 286
philippinus, Turdus, 286
phillipsi, Anthus, 165
philomela, Cyphorhinus, 435
philomela, Microcerculus, 435
phoenicea, Ampelis, 205
phoenicea, Campephaga, 205
Phoenichelidon, 113
phoenicura, Mirafra, 33
phoenicuroides, Ammomanes, 37
phoenicuroides, Lanius, 345, 346, 347
phoenicuroides, Mirafra, 37
phoenicuroides, Otomela, 346
phoenicurus, Ammomanes, 33
Phoneus, 342
Phyllastrephus, 263
Phyllostrophus, 263
picaecolor, Hemipus, 217
picata, Muscicapa, 218
picatus, Hemipus, 218
picatus, Laniarius, 329
picru, Molpastes, 235
pileata, Atticora, 90
pileata, Notiochelidon, 88, 90
pileatus, Hemipus, 218
Pinarocichla, 224
Pinarocorys, 3
Pinarolestes, 309
pintoi, Mirafra, 15
pispoletta, Alaudula, 50
pispoletta, Calandrella, 50
pispoletta, Pseudalaudula, 44
Pitohui, 309
pittieri, Henicorhina, 431
Pityriasinae, 364
Pityriasis, 364
placida, Xenocichla, 270
placidus, Phyllastrephus, 270
platenae, Criniger, 288
platenae, Hypsipetes, 288
platensis, Cistothorus, 391, 393
platensis, Mimus, 445
platensis, Sylvia, 393
Platylophus, 309
494 INDEX
plebeja, Alauda, 21 pondicerianus, Tephrodornis, 220,
plebeja, Megalophonus, 21 221
plebeja, Mirafra, 21 pondoensis, Laniarius, 330
plesius, Cistothorus, 395 ponens, Anthus, 162
pleurostictus, Thryothorus, 408, 409 porphyreus, Pycnonotus, 248
plexa, Motacilla, 133 poucheti, Hirundo, 95
plexus, Budytes, 133 praetermissa, Alauda, 63
plumata, Prionops, 310 praetermissa, Galerida, 63
plumatus, Lanius, 310 pratensis, Alauda, 159
plumbea, Ceblepyris, 186, 187 pratensis, Anthus, 159
plumigerus, Ixos, 235 praticola, Eremophila, 76
plumipes, Riparia, 99 praticola, Otocorys, 76
plumosus, Pycnonotus, 248 predator, Lanius, 362
peciloma, Hirundo, 122 presaharica, Hirundo, 102
poecilosterna, Alauda, 20 presaharica, Ptyonoprogne, 102
poecilosterna, Mirafra, 20 pretoriae, Ptyonoprogne, 104
poensis, Dryoscopus, 332 preussi, Campephaga, 206
poensis, Laniarius, 332 preussi, Coracina, 183
poensis, Phyllastrephus, 266 preussi, Graucalus, 183
poensis, Phyllostrophus, 266 preussi, Lecythoplastes, 119
poensis, Psalidoprocne, 126 preussi, Petrochelidon, 119
poensis, Stelgidillas, 256 preussi, Telophorus, 336
poiocephalus, Brachypodius, 227 prevostii, Euryceros, 369
polatzeki, Calandrella, 49 pridii, Chloropsis, 306
polatzeki, Galerida, 61 prillwitzi, Pyenonotus, 249
poliocephala, Prionops, 312 primrosei, Pycnonotus, 236
poliocephala, Xenocichla, 266 princeps, Lanius, 359
poliocephalus, Brachypus, 227 pringlii, Dryoscopus, 317
poliocephalus, Lanius, 312 priocephalus, Brachypus, 227
poliocephalus, Malaconotus, 339 priocephalus, Pycnonotus, 227
poliocephalus, Phyllastrephus, 266 Prionopidae, 309
poliochlamys, Malaconotus, 338 Prionopinae, 309
poliolopha, Prionops, 312 Prionops, 310
Poliolophus, 224 Pristoptera, 125
Poliophilus, 224 pristoptera, Chelidon, 126
poliopsa, Coracina, 191 pristoptera, Hirundo, 126
poliopsa, Edoliisoma, 191 pristoptera, Psalidoprocne, 126, 127
polioptera, Campophaga, 193 Progne, 85
polioptera, Coracina, 193 propinqua, Galerida, 63
polioptera, Volvocivora, 193 propinquus, Criniger, 284
polioptilus, Catherpes, 388 propinquus, Cyphorhinus, 438
polleni, Vanga, 367 propinquus, Hypsipetes, 284
polleni, Xenopirostris, 367 propinquus, Leucolepis, 438
pollens, Coracina, 173 Prosecusa, 224
pollens, Graucalus, 173 Prosphorocichla, 263
polyglottos, Mimus, 442, 443 prostheleuca, Henicorhina, 431
polyglottos, Turdus, 442 prostheleucus, Scytalopus, 431
polyglottus, Cistothorus, 393 provincialis, Otocompsa, 231
polyglottus, Thryothorus, 393 proximus, Microtarsus, 227
polygrammica, Campephaga, 200 prunus, Anthus, 150
polygrammica, Lalage, 200 pryeri, Hypsipetes, 294
Polyodon, 223 przewalskii, Cinclus, 377
Pomatorhynchus, 320 przewalskii, Eremophila, 74
pomeranus, Lanius, 363 przewalskii, Lanius, 357
pondiceriana, Muscicapa, 220 przewalskii, Otocorys, 74
INDEX 495
Psalidoprocne, 125, 126
psammochroa, Melanocorypha, 41
psammochroa, Stelgidopteryx, 92
pygmaea, Coracina, 192
pygmaea, Motacilla, 132
pygmaeum, Edolisoma, 192
psaroides, Hypsipetes, 297
psaroides, Hypsipetes, 297
Pseudalaemon, 54
Pseudalaudula, 44
Pseudammomanes, 32
Pseudhirundo, 95
pseudobaetica, Calandrella, 49
Pseudochelidon, 81
Pseudochelidoninae, 81
pseudocollurio, Lanius, 345
Pseudolalage, 196
Pseudorhectes, 309
Psomophilus, 130
Pterocorys, 41
Pteropodocys, 167
Ptiladela, 168
Ptiliogonys, 371
Ptilocorys, 55
Ptilogonatinae, 371
Ptilogonys, 371
Ptyonoprogne, 101
puella, Cecropis, 113
puella, Coracias, 307
puella, Hirondo, 113
puella, Irena, 307
puii, Calandrella, 45
pulcherrimus, Pericrocotus, 214
pullus, Nannus, 416
pullus, Thryophilus, 412
pullus, Troglodytes, 416
pulpa, Mirafra, 4, 9
pulverius, Talmatodytes, 395
pumila, Lalage, 202
puna, Troglodytes, 426
punctulatus, Catherpes, 388
punjaubi, Alauda, 69
pura, Coracina, 183
purpurascens, Campephaga, 205
purpurea, Hirundo, 86
purus, Campylorhynchus, 381
purus, Graucalus, 183
purus, Heleodytes, 381
pusilla, Alauda, 68
pusilla, Coracina, 178
pusilla, Ptyonoprogne, 103
pusilla, Riparia, 103
pusillus, Graucalus, 178
pusillus, Haematornis, 251
pusillus, Hzmatornis, 236
pusillus, Pycnonotus, 236, 251
Pycnonotidae, 221, 341
Pyenonotus, 223
33*
pygmaeus, Budytes, 132
Pygochelidon, 88
pyrenaicus, Cinclus, 375
pytrhonota, Hirundo, 120
pyrrhonota, Petrochelidon, 120
pyrrhonotha, Brachonyx, 25
pyrrhostictus, Lanius, 362
pyrrhotis, Ixos, 231
pyrrhotis, Pycnonotus, 231
Pyrrhura, 263
Pyrrhurus, 263
quadricolor, Laniarius, 338
quadricolor, Lanius, 334
quadricolor, Telophorus, 338
quartus, Lanius, 352
queenslandica, Anthus, 149
queenslandica, Mirafra, 7
quelpartae, Alauda, 68
quelpartis, Troglodytes, 417
quiscalina, Campephaga, 206
raaltenii, Anthus, 146
rabai, Phyllastrephus, 268
raddei, Lanius, 345
raddei, Melanocorypha, 41
raddei, Motacilla, 134
Ramphocinelus, 455
Ramphocoris, 40
randoni, Galerida, 57
ravus, Thryophilus, 409
ravus, Thryothorus, 409
rayi, Budytes, 130
raytal, Alauda, 48
raytal, Calandrella, 48
razae, Calandrella, 52
razae, Spizocorys, 52
Razocorys, 44
reditus, Thryophilus, 407
reditus, Thryothorus, 407
rediviva, Harpes, 453
redivivum, Toxostoma, 453
rehni, Troglodytes, 427
reichenowi, Coracina, 190
reichenowi, Edoliisoma, 190
reichenowi, Galerida, 57
reichenowi, Psalidoprocne, 128
reichenowi, Pycnonotus, 239
reichenowi, Riparia, 102
reichenowi, Tchagra, 320
reichenowi, Telephonus, 320
reichenowi, Telophorus, 336
496
reischeki, Anthus, 149
remigialis, Tchagra, 321
remigialis, Telephonus, 321
remota, Coracina, 188
remotum, Edoliisoma, 188
remotum, Microscelis, 292
remotus, Hypsipetes, 292
remotus, Troglodytes, 428
restrictus, Campylorhynchus, 385
restrictus, Heleodytes, 385
resurrectus, Pycnonotus, 237
retrusa, Galerida, 60
retzii, Prionops, 313
retzili, Sigmodus, 310
rex, Troglodytes, 426
rex-pineti, Coracina, 170
rex-pineti, Graucalus, 170
Rhamphocorys, 40
Rhectes, 309
rhizophorae, Iridoprocne, 82
rhizophorae, Tachycineta, 82
rhodesiae, Phyllastrephus, 265
rhodesiensis, Tschagroides, 325
rhododendri, Anthus, 166
Rhodophoneus, 320
richardi, Anthus, 145, 146
richardsoni, Cyphorhinus, 438
ridgwayi, Stelgidopteryx, 93
ridgwayi, Thryorchilus, 430
ridgwayi, Thryothorus, 403
ridgwayi, Troglodytes, 430
riedelii, Lalage, 198
riggenbachi, Galerida, 57
rileyi, Coracina, 175
Riparia, 95, 101
riparia, Hirundo, 97, 99
riparia, Riparia, 97
ripponi, Pericrocotus, 213
rivularis, Cinclus, 379
robertsi, Certhilauda, 29
robinsoni, Criniger, 277
robinsoni, Pycnonotus, 249
robusta, Coracina, 181
robusta, Motacilla, 136, 137
robusta, Pallenura, 137
robustus, Lanius, 181
roehli, Andropadus, 251
roehli, Pyenonotus, 251
rogersi, Anthus, 148
rogersi, Petrochelidon, 119
rooki, Coracina, 188
rooki, Edolisoma, 188
rosea, Muscicapa, 207
roseatus, Anthus, 160
roseus, Pericrocotus, 207, 208
INDEX
rostrata, Coracina, 188
rostrata, Ixocincla, 296
rostratum, Edoliosoma, 188
rostratus, Hypsipetes, 296
rostratus, Mimus, 444
rothschildi, Campephaga, 205
rothschildi, Hirundo, 108
rothschildi, Laniarius, 333
rothschildiana, Hirundo, 117
rotumae, Lalage, 202
rubea, Eremophila, 78
rubescens, Alauda, 160
rubescens, Anthus, 160
rubeus, Otocorys, 78
rubidior, Mirafra, 18
rubiginosa, Calandrella, 46
rubiginosus, Lanius, 333
rubiginosus, Telophorus, 335
Rubigula, 223
rubricatum, Toxostoma, 451
rubro-limbatus, Pericrocotus, 211
ruddi, Heteromirafra, 24
ruddi, Heteronyx, 24
rudolfi, Laniarius, 337
rippelli, Kurocephalus, 309
rufa, Mirafra, 20
rufa, Schetba, 365
rufalbus, Thryothorus, 410, 411
rufescens, Alauda, 48
rufescens, Anthus, 157
rufescens, Calandrella, 48
rufescens, Melanocorypha, 42
rufescens, Mirafra, 7
rufescens, Phyllastrephus, 265
rufescens, Thryothorus, 424
rufescens, Troglodytes, 424
ruficauda, Cinclocerthia, 454, 455
ruficauda, Stenorhynchus, 455
ruficaudatus, Thryothorus, 401
ruficeps, Alauda, 46
ruficeps, Dryoscopus, 327
ruficeps, Laniarius, 327
ruficollis, Hirundo, 94
ruficollis, Stelgidopteryx, 92, 94
ruficolor, Galerida, 62
ruficrissa, Dumetella, 440
ruficrissus, Criniger, 280
rufigula, Cotyle, 103
rufigula, Hirundo, 118
rufigula, Petrochelidon, 118
rufigula, Ptyonoprogne, 101, 103
rufigularis, Hypsipetes, 287
rufinucha, Campylorhynchus, 382,
383
rufinucha, Picolaptes, 383
INDEX 497
rufinuchalis, Dryoscopus, 327
rufinuchalis, Laniarius, 327
rufipilea, Alauda, 16
rufipilea, Megalophonus, 16
rufipilea, Mirafra, 16
rufiventer, Lalage, 199
rufiventer, Lanius, 168
rufiventer, Oxynotus, 169
rufiventris, Campephaga, 199
rufiventris, Cinclus, 376
rufiventris, Laniarius, 330
rufiventris, Prionops, 312
rufiventris, Sigmodus, 312
rufiventris, Thryothorus, 414
rufocapilla, Alauda, 16
rufociliatus, Troglodytes, 427
rufo-cinnamomea, Mirafra, 13, 14
rufo-cinnamomeus, Megalophonus,
14
rufocollaris, Hirundo, 122
rufocollaris, Petrochelidon, 122
rufofusca, Tchagra, 323
rufofuscus, Telophonus, 323
rufogularis, Anthus, 159
rufopalliata, Certhilauda, 25
rufula, Cecropis, 116
rufula, Hirundo, 116
rufuloides, Anthus, 146
rufulus, Anthus, 147
rufulus, Troglodytes, 429
rufum, Toxostoma, 449
rufus, Lanius, 365
rufus, Turdus, 449
rukwensis, Mirafra, 8
rupestris, Hirundo, 101
rupestris, Ptyonoprogne, 101
russeus, Thryophilus, 412
russeus, Thryothorus, 412
rustica, Hirundo, 105, 107
rutilans, Leucolepis, 440
rutilus, Lanius, 363
rutilus, Thryothorus, 404, 405, 406
ruwenzori, Psalidoprocne, 127
ruwenzoria, Mirafra, 10
ruwenzorii, Nilaus, 315
sabini, Dryoscopus, 320
sabini, Thamnophilus, 320
Sabota, 4
sabota, Mirafra, 21, 22
sabotoides, Mirafra, 21
sabotoides, Sabota, 21
sacculatus, Criniger, 279
sacerdos, Pericrocotus, 209, 210
sala, Alauda, 70
salangae, Criniger, 279
saldanhae, Calendulauda, 26
saldanhae, Certhilauda, 26
salina, Lanius, 345
salomonis, Coracina, 189
salomonis, Edoliisoma, 189
salomonseni, Anthus, 157
Salpinctes, 387, 389
saltuensis, Pheugopedius, 401
saltuensis, Thryothorus, 401
salvadorii, Coracina, 187
salvadorii, Edoliisoma, 187
salvadorii, Pyenonotus, 251
salvini, Cyphorhinus, 440
samarensis, Hypsipetes, 288
samharensis, Ammomanes, 35
sammetina, Psalidoprocne, 127
sanctae-luciae, Ramphocinclus, 456
sandgroundi, Chlorophoneus, 336
sandgroundi, Telophorus, 336
sanguineus, Pericrocotus, 214
saphiroi, Anthus, 151
sapsworthi, Cinclus, 375
sarda, Cotile, 101
sarwensis, Anacorys, 18
sarwensis, Mirafra, 18
saturata, Coracina, 194
saturata, Hirundo, 106
saturata, Stelgidocichla, 236, 256
saturata, Volvocivora, 194
saturatior, Andropadus, 252
saturatior, Calandrella, 46
saturatior, Cecropis, 115
saturatior, Coracina, 188
saturatior, Heliocorys, 64
saturatior, Hirundo, 115
saturatior, Hypsipetes, 287
saturatior, Iole, 287
saturatius, Edoliisoma, 188
saturatus, Ammomanes, 36
saturatus, Molpastes, 236
saturatus, Pericrocotus, 210
saturatus, Pycnonotus, 256
saturninus, Mimus, 446
saturninus, Turdus, 446
savignil, Hirundo, 106
sawitzkii, Hirundo, 105
Saxilauda, 41
scandens, Phyllastrephus, 264
scapularis, Aegithina, 301
scapularis, Jora, 301
schach, Lanius, 349
schalowi, Lanius, 349, 360
schariensis, Lanius, 348
schauenseei, Pycnonotus, 238
498
Schetba, 365
schierbrandii, Coracina, 195
schierbrandii, Volvocivora, 195
schillingsi, Calamocichla, 265
schillingsi, Mirafra, 4
schistacea, Coracina, 173
schistaceus, Artamides, 173
schisticeps, Campephaga, 190
schisticeps, Coracina, 190
schisticeps, Lalage, 198
schistocercus, Abbotornis, 368
schistocercus, Leptopterus, 368
sehliiteri, Anthus, 157
schliiteri, Galerida, 62
schmackeri, Jole, 287
schmackeri, Pinarocichla, 278
schmitzi, Motacilla, 136
schoanus, Malaconotus, 340
schoanus, Pycnonotus, 240
schoensis, Riparia, 96
schomburgki, Lanius, 350
schottii, Thryophilus, 407
schottii, Thryothorus, 407
schoutedeni, Anthus, 155
schoutedeni, Chlorocichla, 263
schoutedeni, Mirafra, 13
schubotzi, Phyllastrephus, 257
schulzii, Cinclus, 379
schummeri, Melanocorypha, 41
schusteri, Phyllastrephus, 258
selateri, Calandrella, 53
sclateri, Hirundo, 85
sclateri, Kalochelidon, 85
sclateri, Thryothorus, 407
selaterii, Coracina, 180
sclaterii, Graucalus, 180
Selaterillas, 263
scopifrons, Prionops, 314
scopifrons, Sigmodus, 314
scotica, Alauda, 66
seullii, Hirundo, 116
secunda, Mirafra, 7
seebohmi, Alaudula, 50
seebohmi, Calandrella, 50
seguamensis, Troglodytes, 417
seilerni, Troglodytes, 420
seistanica, Calandrella, 50
seiuncta, Coracina, 174
semibadius, Thryothorus, 407
semidiensis, Nannus, 416
semidiensis, Troglodytes, 416
semiruber, Pericrocotus, 216
semirufa, Cecropis, 114
semirufa, Hirundo, 114
semitorquata, Certhilauda, 25
~~
INDEX
semitorques, Spizixos, 222
senator, Lanius, 363
senegala, Tchagra, 321, 322
senegalensis, Cecropis, 114
senegalensis, Dryoscopus, 319
senegalensis, Hirundo, 114
senegalensis, Sigelus, 319
senegallensis, Alauda, 58
senegallensis, Galerida, 58
senegalus, Lanius, 322
sennetti, Harporhynchus, 450
sennetti, Toxostoma, 450
separatus, Pericrocotus, 209, 210
sepikiana, Mirafra, 6
septentrionalis, Aegithina, 301
septentrionalis, Chloropsis, 304
septentrionalis, Microscelis, 293
septentrionalis, Pycnonotus, 233
seri, Campylorhynchus, 381
seri, Heleodytes, 381
sericea, Criniger, 286
sericea, Tricholestes, 286
sericeus, Hypsipetes, 286
serina, Calyptocichla, 259
serinus, Criniger, 259
seri-thai, Chloropsis, 304
serlei, Phyllastrephus, 271
serripennis, Hirundo, 92
serripennis, Stelgidopteryx, 92
sethsmithi, Phyllastrephus, 271
Setornis, 282
sextus, Dryoscopus, 317
sharpei, Edoliisoma, 190
sharpei, Lalage, 203
sharpei, Macronyx, 143
sharpei, Phyllastrephus, 265
sharpii, Mirafra, 12
shelleyi, Cotile, 100
shelleyi, Riparia, 99
shelleyi, Xenocichla, 262
shimba, Eurillas, 252
shimbanus, Phyllastrephus, 268
shiptoni, Anthus, 165
shiptoni, Notiocorys, 165
siamensis, Coracina, 170
siamensis, Graucalus, 170
siamensis, Lanius, 347
siberica, Tanagra, 43
sibirica, Alauda, 43
sibirica, Anthus, 157
sibiricus, Lanius, 355, 357
sicarius, Lanius, 344
siccata, Pyrrhulauda, 32
sidhoutensis, Pericrocotus, 209
siebersi, Pericrocotus, 215
INDEX 499
sierrae, Alauda, 66
sierrae, Eremophila, 77
sierrae, Otocoris, 77
Sigmodus, 310
signata, Eremopterix, 30
signata, Pyrrhulauda, 30
sikkimensis, Irena, 307
simalurensis, Coracina, 176
simalurensis, Graucalus, 176
similis, Anthus, 153, 155
similis, Hypsipetes, 290
similis, Iole, 290
similis, Melaconotus, 334
similis, Telophorus, 334
simillima, Lalage, 204
simillima, Motacilla, 134
simillimus, Diaphoropterus, 204
simplex, Chlorocichla, 261
simplex, Criniger, 288
simplex, Geocoraphus, 5
simplex, Mirafra, 5
simplex, Picnonotus, 249
simplex, Pycnonotus, 249
simplex, Trichophorus, 261, 288
simplicicolor, Chlorocichla, 261
simplicicolor, Xenocichla, 261
simplicissima, Motacilla, 141
simulator, Hypsipetes, 284
simulator, Microscelis, 284
sinaloa, Thryophilus, 411
sinaloa, Thryothorus, 411
sinaloae, Progne, 87
sincipitalis, Pyrrhulauda, 31
sindiana, Mirafra, 22
sinensis, Anthus, 147
sinensis, Corydalla, 147
sinensis, Haringtonia, 298
sinensis, Hypsipetes, 298
sinensis, Muscicapa, 233
sinensis, Pyenonotus, 233
singapurensis, Aegithina, 301
sini, Cinclus, 378
sintaungensis, Krimnochelidon, 104
sintaungensis, Ptyonoprogne, 104
siquijorensis, Hypsipetes, 287
siquijorensis, Iole, 287
sissonil, Thryomanes, 399
sissonil, Thryothorus, 399
sloetii, Campephaga, 196
sloetii, Campochaera, 196
smithersi, Mirafra, 15
smithi, Eremopterix, 30
smithi, Mirafra, 19
smithi, Pyrrhulauda, 30
smithii, Collurio, 361
smithii, Hirundo, 111
smithii, Lanius, 361
snouckaerti, Pycnonotus, 244
sobatensis, Mirafra, 14
socialis, Petrochelidon, 120
sdderbergi, Mirafra, 7
sokokensis, Anthus, 166
sokokensis, Phyllastrephus, 270
sokotrae, Anthus, 154
sola, Cinclocerthia, 454
solaris, Pericrocotus, 211
solitarius, Troglodytes, 428
solivagus, Nilaus, 316
sollicitus, Salpinctes, 388
solomonensis, Graucalus, 178
solstitialis, Troglodytes, 427, 428,
429
somalica, Alaudula, 51
somalica, Calandrella, 51
somalica, Certhilauda, 9
somalica, Mirafra, 9
somalicus, Lanius, 361
somaliensis, Andropadus, 254
somaliensis, Galerida, 59
somaliensis, Laniarius, 329
somaliensis, Pycnonotus, 240, 254,
458
sonnerati, Chloropsis, 303
sonomae, Toxostoma, 453
sonorae, Pheugopedius, 404
sonorae, Thryothorus, 404
sonoriensis, Lanius, 354
sordidus, Anthus, 153, 154
sordidus, Criniger, 279
sordidus, Pyenonotus, 246
sordidus, Xanthiscus, 246
soror, Chlorocichla, 261
soror, Lalage, 202
soror, Xenocichla, 261
soulei, Cinclus, 378
souzae, Lanius, 343
souzae, Tchagra, 325
souzae, Telephonus, 325
spadix, Pheugopedius, 400
spadix, Thryothorus, 400
spatzi, Cotyle, 102
spatzi, Ptyonoprogne, 102
speciosus, Pericrocotus, 216
speciosus, Turdus, 216
speculigerus, Lanius, 347
Sphagias, 224
sphenocercus, Lanius, 360
spilodera, Hirundo, 120
spilodera, Petrochelidon, 120
spilurus, Thryomanes, 397
500 INDEX
spilurus, Troglodytes, 397
spinoletta, Alauda, 161
spinoletta, Anthus, 160, 161
Spizalauda, 55
Spizixos, 222
Spizocorys, 44
spleniata, Alauda, 47
spleniata, Calandrella, 47
spragueii, Alauda, 162
spragueii, Anthus, 162
spurium, Anthus, 145
spurius, Pycnonotus, 241
Squamatornis, 225
squamatus, Ixos, 231
squamatus, Pycnonotus, 230, 231
squamiceps, Hypsipetes, 294
squamiceps, Oriolus, 294
squamulatus, Microcerculus, 435, 436
stabilior, Macronyx, 142
stalkeri, Coracina, 181
stanfordi, Cecropis, 118
stanfordi, Hirundo, 118
stanfordi, Pericrocotus, 207
stanfordi, Pycnonotus, 237
starki, Calandrella, 52
starki, Malaconotus, 340
stefensis, Lanius, 357
stegmanni, Calandrella, 51
steindachneri, Anthus, 149
stejnegeri, Hypsipetes, 294
Stelgidillas, 225
Stelgidocichla, 225
Stelgidopteryx, 92
stellaris, Cistothorus, 391
stellaris, Troglodytes, 391
Stenorhynchus, 454
stepensis, Lanius, 357
stephani, Graucalus, 180
stevensoni, Nannus, 417
Stictognathus, 225
sticturus, Laniarius, 329
stétzneriana, Riparia, 98
stolzmanni, Hirundo, 82
stolzmanni, Tachycineta, 82
stonei, Cheramoeca, 94
strenua, Campephaga, 174
strenua, Coracina, 174
Strepera, 341
strepitans, Criniger, 265
strepitans, Phyllastrephus, 265
stresemanni, Hypsipetes, 298
stresemanni, Lanius, 349
stresemanni, Microscelis, 298
stresemanni, Mirafra, 10
stresemanni, Pycnonotus, 233
stresemanni, Troglodytes, 420
striata, Coracina, 175, 177, 187
striaticeps, Iole, 285
striatulus, Thriothorus, 425
striatulus, Troglodytes, 425
striatus, Corvus, 177
striatus, Pycnonotus, 226
striatus, Tricophorus, 226
striga, Lalage, 197
strigata, Eremophila, 77
strigata, Otocorys, 77
striifacies, Pycnonotus, 258
striifacies, Xenocichla, 258
striolata, Cecropis, 117
striolata, Hirundo, 117
striolatus, Anthus, 147, 152
striolatus, Thryophilus, 415
striolatus, Trichophorus, 291
strophiatus, Tylas, 300
striimpelli, Galerida, 64
striimpelli, Lanius, 348
striimpelli, Mirafra, 64
stuarti, Stelgidopteryx, 93
styani, Aegithina, 301
styani, Pericrocotus, 213
stygium, Anthus, 167
suahelica, Riparia, 100
suahelicus, Phyllastrephus, 264
Suaheliornis, 263
subalaris, Andropadus, 254
subalaris, Coracina, 179
subalaris, Graucalus, 179
subalaris, Hirundo, 108
subalaris, Pycnonotus, 254
subaustralis, Anthus, 148
subcoronata, Certhilauda, 25
subcoronatus, Lanius, 362
subfulvus, Thryothorus, 410
subfusea, Hirundo, 109
subgrisea, Melanocorypha, 43
subis, Hirundo, 86
subis, Progne, 86
sublacteus, Dryoscopus, 329
sublacteus, Laniarius, 329
sublineata, Coracina, 178
sublineatus, Graucalus, 178
submagna, Galerida, 60
subniger, Hypsipetes, 297
subocularis, Macronyx, 143
subpallida, Chersomanes, 28
subpallida, Coracina, 171
subpallidus, Troglodytes, 419
subpersonata, Motacilla, 137
subrufescens, Mirafra, 6
subrufus, Anthus, 148
subsessor, Mirafra, 19
substriolata, Lillia, 115, 117
subtaurica, Galerida, 56
subtaurica, Ptilocorys, 56
subtilis, Alauda, 67
suchitrae, Pericrocotus, 216
sucosus, Phyllastrephus, 269
sudanensis, Cotile, 96
sudanensis, T'schagra, 322
sueril, Turdus, 198
sueurii, Lalage, 198
sula, Coracina, 189
sula, Edolisoma, 189
sulfurea, Aegithina, 302
sulfureopectus, Lanius, 334
sulfureopectus, Tchagra, 334
sulfureopectus, Telophorus, 334
sulphuratus, Criniger, 281
sulphuratus, Cuculus, 205
sulphuratus, Trichophorus, 281
sulphureus, Graucalus, 184
suluensis, Cephalophoneus, 349
suluensis, Lanius, 349
suluensis, Pycnonotus, 247
sumatrae, Lanius, 349
sumatranus, Criniger, 280
sumatranus, Hemixus, 291, 292
sumatranus, Hypsipetes, 291
sumatrensis, Ceblepyris, 176
sumatrensis, Coracina, 176
sumbensis, Coracina, 171
sumbensis, Graucalus, 171
sumichrasti, Catherpes, 389
sumichrasti, Hylorchilus, 389
superciliaris, Budytes, 131
superciliaris, Thryothorus, 414
superciliosus, Lanius, 344
superflua, Galerida, 62
suprapallidus, Troglodytes, 418
sushkini, Alauda, 68
swainsoni, Criniger, 276
swainsoni, Petrochelidon, 121
sykesi, Coracina, 195
sykesi, Lalage, 195
sykesi, Volvocivora, 193
sylvana, Heterura, 162
sylvanus, Anthus, 162
sylvanus, Oreocorys, 162
sylvicola, Tephrodornis, 219
sylvicultor, Criniger, 269
Sylviidae, 263
Symmorphus, 196
syndactyla, Bleda, 273
syndactyla, Dasycephala, 273
syndactyla, Xenocichla, 273
INDEX 501
syriacus, Troglodytes, 420
szetschuanus, Troglodytes, 418, 419
szetschwanensis, Cinclus, 377
tabarensis, Lalage, 201
tabuensis, Lalage, 202
tachina, Petrochelidon, 121
tachirensis, Thryothorus, 401
Tachycineta, 81
taczanowskii, Riparia, 98
taeniatus, Microcerculus, 435
tagulana, Coracina, 187
tagulanum, Edoliosoma, 187
tahitica, Hirundo, 108, 110
taimuri, Ammomanes, 36
taiti, Alauda, 66
taivana, Motacilla, 134
taivanus, Budytes, 134
taivanus, Pycnonotus, 234
taivanus, Troglodytes, 418
talacoma, Prionops, 312
talautense, Edoliisoma, 187
talautensis, Coracina, 187
talifuensis, Anorthura, 419
talifuensis, Troglodytes, 419
tamae, Cistothorus, 392
tamae, Henicorhina, 434
tanagensis, Nannus, 416
tando, Nicator, 275
tanganjicae, Pycnonotus, 241
tangutica, Calandrella, 51
tanneri, Troglodytes, 424
tantilla, Riparia, 97
tapera, Hirundo, 85
tapera, Progne, 85
tardinata, Galerida, 59
tarimensis, Troglodytes, 419
tasmanica, Coracina, 172
tatarica, Alauda, 40
tatarica, Melanocorypha, 40
taupoensis, Anthus, 149
taurica, Lanius, 346
taylori, Chlorophoneus, 335
Tchagra, 320
tchagra, Tchagra, 323
tchagra, Thamnophilus, 323
tecellatus, Troglodytes, 426
tegimae, Pericrocotus, 208
teitensis, Pycnonotus, 243
Telephonus, 320
teleschowi, Eremophila, 74
teleschowi, Otocoris, 74
teleschowi, Otocorys, 74
Telmatodytes, 391
Telophonus, 320
502 INDEX
Telophorus, 320, 333
temminckii, Ceblepyris, 175
temminckii, Coracina, 175
temminckii, Lobotos, 204
tenebrior, Pyenonotus, 242
tenebrosa, Bernieria, 272
tenebrosa, Cinclocerthia, 455
tenebrosa, Lalage, 203
tenebrosus, Phyllastrephus, 272
tenellus, Macronix, 142
tenellus, Tmetothylacus, 142
tenggerensis, Crocopsis, 244
tenuirectris, Lanius, 361
tenuirostris, Cinclus, 377
tenuirostris, Coracina, 185, 186
tenuirostris, Galerita, 56
tenuirostris, Gracaulus, 186
tenuirostris, Phyllastrephus, 267
tenuirostris, Salpinctes, 387
tenuirostris, Xenocichla, 267
Tephrocorys, 44
Tephrodornis, 219, 309
tephrogenys, Criniger, 280
tephrogenys, Trichophorus, 280
tephrolaemus, Pycnonotus, 257
tephrolaemus, Trichophorus, 257
tephronotus, Collurio, 351
tephronotus, Lanius, 351
terat, Turdus, 197
terrestris, Phyllastrephus, 264, 265
tertia, Alaemon, 40
tertialis, Alauda, 66
tertius, Lanius, 352
tessmanni, Lanius, 348
tessmanni, Psalidoproene, 127
testaceus, Ammomanes, 33
thai, Pericrocotus, 210
thai, Tephrodornis, 221
thais, Molpastes, 238
thais, Pyenonotus, 238
thalassina, Tachycineta, 83, 84
thalassinus, Hirundo, 84
thamnophilus, Dryoscopus, 316
thapsina, Aegithina, 302
Thapsinillas, 283
theclae, Galerida, 62
theklae, Galerida, 61
theklae, Galerita, 61
théliei, Campephaga, 206
théliei, Chlorophoneus, 336
theneca, Mimus, 445
thenea, Turdus, 445
theresae, Alauda, 66
theresae, Anthus, 159
theresae, Calandrella, 53
theresae, Galerida, 62
theresae, anius, 358
theresae, Ptyonoprogne, 102
theres, Riparia, 102
thermophilus, Anthus, 152
Thescelocichla, 263
thilenii, Coracina, 174
thilenii, Graucalus, 174
thompsoni, Cerasophila, 299
thompsoni, Hypsipetes, 299
thomsi, Galerida, 60
thoracicus, Cyphorhinus, 437, 438
thoracicus, Thryothorus, 408
Thriothorus, 399
Thryomanes, 395
thryophilus, Cistothorus, 394
thryophilus, Telmatodytes, 394
Thryorchilus, 415
Thryothorus, 399
thunbergi, Motacilla, 131, 133
tianschanicus, Troglodytes, 419
tibetana, Anorthura, 419
tibetana, Calandrella, 48
tibetana, Hirundo, 115
tibetana, Riparia, 99
tibialis, Neochelidon, 91
tibialis, Petrochelidon, 91
ticehursti, Alauda, 66
tickelli, Hypsipetes, 290
tigrina, Mirafra, 13
tigrinus, Lanius, 343
tigus, Brachypus, 225, 227
Timaliidae, 309
Timaliinae, 341
timbuktana, Tchagra, 321
timorensis, Ceblepyris, 198
timorensis, Mirafra, 6
timoriensis, Coracina, 185
timoriensis, Edoliisoma, 185
timoriensis, Petrochelidon, 119
timorlaoensis, Coracina, 181
timorlaoénsis, Graucalus, 181
tinnulus, Cistothorus, 391
tiphia, Aegithina, 300, 301, 302
tiphia, Motacilla, 301
Tmetothylacus, 142
tobagensis, Mimus, 444
tobagensis, Pheugopedius, 405
tobagensis, Thryothorus, 405
tobagensis, Troglodytes, 425
togoensis, Baeopogon, 259
togoensis, Corvinella, 341
togoensis, Phyllastrephus, 259
tolimae, Cistothorus, 392
tolimensis, Mimus, 444
tolucensis, Cistothorus, 395
tolucensis, Telmatodytes, 395
tommasonis, Coracina, 191
tommasonis, Edoliisoma, 191
tongensis, Laniarius, 330
tongensis, Tschagroides, 324
tonkeana, Coracina, 175
tonkeanus, Graucalus, 175
tonkinensis, Pericrocotus, 214
torquata, Melanocorypha, 42
torquatus, Lanioturdus, 314
torquatus, Neolestes, 299
torrentium, Motacilla, 141
torrida, Mirafra, 14
tosariensis, Lanius, 349
Toxostoma, 449
Trachycomus, 224
transcaspica, Otocorys, 73
transfinis, Thryothorus, 410
transfluvialis, Cyphorhinus, 439
transfluvialis, Leucolepis, 439
transitiva, Chelidon, 105
transitiva, Hirundo, 105
transkeiensis, Anthus, 146
transvaalensis, Anacorys, 18
transvaalensis, Certhilauda, 25
transvaalensis, Laniarius, 330
transvaalensis, Mirafra, 12, 18
trapnelli, Mirafra, 17
travancoriensis, Anthus, 156
tremula, Cinclocerthia, 455
tremulus, Ramphocinclus, 455
tribulationis, Anthus, 148
Trichites, 259
Tricholestes, 283
tricolor, Ceblepyris, 198
tricolor, Coracina, 192
tricolor, Dryoscopus, 319
tricolor, Edolisoma, 192
tricolor, Ixos, 240
tricolor, Lalage, 198
tricolor, Lanius, 350
tricolor, Phyllastrephus, 271
tricolor, Prionops, 313
tricolor, Pycnonotus, 240
tricolor, Tricophorus, 271
trifasciatus, Nesomimus, 447
trifasciatus, Orpheus, 447
trinitatis, Toxostoma, 454
triurus, Mimus, 447
triurus, Turdus, 447
trivialis, Alauda, 157
trivialis, Anthus, 157
triznae, Cinclus, 376
trobriandi, Lalage, 200
INDEX 503
Troglodytes, 415
troglodytes, Motacilla, 421
troglodytes, Troglodytes, 415, 421
Troglodytidae, 379
tropaea, Henicorhina, 431
trophis, Pericrocotus, 211
tropicalis, Mirafra, 10
tropicalis, Thryothorus, 410
tsaidamensis, Lanius, 347
tschadensis, Lanius, 359
Tschagroides, 320
tschutschensis, Motacilla, 134
tsumebensis, Anacorys, 18
tucumanus, Cistothorus, 393
turanicus, Lanius, 353
turatii, Dryoscopus, 328
turatil, Laniarius, 328
tureosa, Irena, 308
turdinus, Campylorhynchus, 383,
384
turdinus, Opetiorhynchos, 384
turneri, Anthus, 150
tweeddalei, Irena, 308
tweeddalii, Irena, 308
Tylas, 299
tympanistrigus, [xos, 227
tympanistrigus, Pycnonotus, 227
typica, Coracina, 184
typica, Pristoptera, 125
typicus, Oxynotus, 184
tytleri, Hirundo, 106
ugandae, Andropadus, 253
ugandae, Bleda, 274
ugandae, Phyllastrephus, 269
ugandae, Pycnonotus, 253
uis, Mirafra, 22
ultima, Lalage, 201
ulugurensis, Laniarius, 332
umbrinus, Thryothorus, 405
uncinatus, Lanius, 359
undina, Cinelus, 378
unibrunnea, Cinnycerthia, 390
unibrunneus, Limnornis, 390
unibrunneus, Thryothorus, 390
unicolor, Campylorhynchus, 384
unicolor, Cinclus, 378
unimoda, Coracina, 173
unimodus, Artamides, 173
unirufa, Cinnycerthia, 389
unirufus, Limnornis, 389
unitatis, Cecropis, 114
unitatis, Hirundo, 114
upembae, Phyllastrephus, 264
upembae, Pyrrhurus, 264
504
uralensis, Cinclus, 375
urbanoi, Cyphorhinus, 439
urbanoi, Leucolepis, 439
urbica, Delichon, 123
urbica, Hirundo, 123
Urolestes, 341
Uromitris, 105
Uromitrus, 105
Uromitus, 105
Uropsila, 430
uropygialis, Cotyle, 93
uropygialis, Lanius, 361
uropygialis, Stelgidopteryx, 93
urostictus, Brachypus, 243
urostictus, Pyenonotus, 243
usafuae, Hirundo, 112
usambarae, Phyllastrephus, 257
usambarae, Pycnonotus, 257
usambaricus, Laniarius, 332
ussheri, Andropadus, 259
ussheri, Laniarius, 324
ussheri, Tchagra, 324
ussuriensis, Anthus, 147
ussuriensis, Bombycilla, 370
ustulatus, Microcerculus, 436
utahensis, Eremophila, 77
utahensis, Otocoris, 77
utakwensis, Edoliisoma, 192
utanoi, Troglodytes, 417
vaalensis, Anthus, 151
validirostris, Lanius, 351
vamberyi, Galerida, 60
Vanga, 366
Vangidae, 365
vanikorensis, Lalage, 202
vantynei, Pycnonotus, 229
vargus, Ixos, 290
varia, Otomela, 345
varians, Pheugopedius, 405
varius, Lanius, 345
vauana, Lalage, 203
vaughanjonesi, Pycnonotus, 241
vauriei, Calandrella, 48
velizhanini, Lanius, 345
venezuelanus, Thryothorus, 413
venezuelensis, Henicorhina, 434
ventralis, Hypsipetes, 290
ventralis, Ixos, 290
venusta, Chloropsis, 307
venusta, Phyllornis, 307
vernayi, Alauda, 70, 71
vernayi, Cecropis, 118
vernayi, Hirundo, 118
vernayi, Tephrodornis, 219
INDEX
verneyi, Tephrodornis, 219
verreauxi, Criniger, 276
verticalis, Eremopterix, 30
verticalis, Megalotis, 30
vesey-fitzgeraldi, Mirafra, 21
vetula, Toxostoma, 449
vicinus, Pyenonotus, 236
victoriae, Coracina, 182
vidua, Motacilla, 140
vieirae, Telophorus, 337
vigilans, Lanius, 362
vinaceigularis, Prionops, 311
vinecenti, Anacorys, 18
vincenti, Mirafra, 18
vincenti, Phyllastrephus, 268
virens, Andropadus, 252
virens, Pycnonotus, 252
vireo, Nicator, 274
virescens, Hypsipetes, 291, 292
virescens, Iole, 283
virescens, Ixocincla, 299
virescens, Ixos, 283, 292, 299
virgatus, Lanius, 220
viridescens, Hypsipetes, 283
viridescens, Iole, 283
viridescentior, Pyenonotus, 261
viridiceps, Phyllastrephus, 269
viridinucha, Chloropsis, 305
viridinucha, Phyllornis, 305
viridis, Aegithina, 302
viridis, Hypsipetes, 286
viridis, Jora, 302
viridis, Laniarius, 337
viridis, Lanius, 367
viridis, Leptopterus, 367
viridis, Telophorus, 260, 337
viridis, Trichophoropsis, 286
viridissima, Aegithina, 302
viridissima, Hirundo, 109
viridissima, Jora, 302
viridulus, Criniger, 277
vittata, Coracina, 191
vittatum, Edolisoma, 191
vittatus, Lanius, 348
vivida, Xanthiscus, 246
vividus, Perecrocotus, 210
vividus, Pericrocotus, 209, 210
vividus, Pyenonotus, 246
vociferans, Donacobius, 456
vogti, Hirundo, 123
Volvocivora, 168, 169, 193
vordermani, Coracina, 177
vordermani, Graucalus, 177
vorhiesi, Troglodytes, 423
vulcanius, Campylorhynchus, 385
vuleanius, Heleodytes, 385
vulpecula, Calandrella, 51
vulturnus, Macronyx, 143
wagneri, Lullula, 65
waibeli, Mirafra, 22
waigeuense, Edolisoma, 191
waigeuensis, Coracina, 191
waitei, Anthus, 147
warei, Tephrodornis, 221
warsangliensis, Tschagra, 322
wattersi, Alauda, 70
waynei, Cistothorus, 394
waynei, Telmatodytes, 394
webberi, Ixidia, 230
weberi, Ixidia, 225
weberi, Pyenonotus, 230
weigoldi, Alauda, 70
weigoldi, Lanius, 363
weigoldi, Motacilla, 135
weigoldi, Ptilocorys, 56
weigoldi, Troglodytes, 421
weileri, Criniger, 275
welchmani, Artamides, 174
welchmani, Coracina, 174
welchmani, Graucalus, 174
wellsi, Motacilla, 141
wellsi, Otocorys, 74
wenmani, Nesomimus, 448
werae, Budytes, 135
werae, Motacilla, 135
westralensis, Coracina, 172
wetmorei, Pycnonotus, 236
wetmorei, Troglodytes, 429
wettsteini, Lullula, 65
whistleri, Anthus, 159
whistleri, Pycnonotus, 232
whitakeri, Ammomanes, 34
whitakeri, Galerida, 57
whiteleyi, Chelidon, 124
whitmeei, Lalage, 203
wiglesworthi, Coracina, 189
wiglesworthi, Edoliisoma, 189
wilderi, Cinclus, 378
wilkinsi, Coracina, 182
williamsi, Calandrella, 46
williamsi, Mirafra, 8
williamsi, Pycnonotus, 256
williamsoni, Mirafra, 5
wintoni, Macronyx, 144
witputzi, Tephrocorys, 47
wolfei, Alauda, 70
wollastoni, Anthus, 166
Woltersia, 125
INDEX
505
woodi, Lalage, 202
woodwardi, Mirafra, 6
woosnami, Bleda, 273
wrayi, Pericrocotus, 212
Xanthiscus, 225
Xanthixus, 225
xanthizurus, Trichophorus, 280
xanthogaster, Lanius, 217
xanthogaster, Pericrocotus, 217
xanthogenys, Andropadus, 286
xantholaemus, Brachypus, 245
xantholaemus, Pyenonotus, 245
Xanthomiscus, 263
Xanthomixus, 263
xanthophrys, Oxylabes, 272
xanthophrys, Phyllastrephus, 272
xanthops, Pycnonotus, 229
xanthopygos, Ixus, 239
xanthopygos, Pycnonotus, 239
xanthornoides, Lanicterus, 205
xanthorrhous, Pyecnonotus, 233
xanthotis, Aegithina, 303
xanthotis, Aethorhynchus, 303
xavieri, Phyllastrephus, 271
xavieri, Xenocichla, 271
Xenocichla, 273
Xenopirostris, 366
xenopirostris, Vanga, 366
xenopirostris, Xenopirostris, 366
xerampelinus, Pheugopedius, 399
xerampelinus, Thryothorus, 399
yamethini, Anthus, 155
yananchae, Thryothorus, 401
yarrellii, Motacilla, 137
yavelloensis, Aethocorys, 53
yavelloensis, Calandrella, 53
yavii, Troglodytes, 429
yeltoniensis, Alauda, 43
yeltoniensis, Melanocorypha, 43
yemenensis, Lanius, 352
yorki, Lalage, 200
yourdini, Pyenonotus, 247
Ypsipetes, 282, 283
yucatanicus, Campylorhynchus, 380
yucatanicus, Heleodytes, 380
yunanensis, Hypsipetes, 297
yunnanensis, Anthus, 157
yunnanensis, Lanius, 350
yvettae, Pericrocotus, 213
zagrossiensis, Troglodytes, 420
zaissanensis, Budytes, 132
zaissanensis, Motacilla, 132
506
zalingei, Galerida, 58
zambesiae, Chlorocichla, 262
zanzibaricus, Eurillas, 252
zanzibaricus, Pycnonotus, 252
zaphaeus, Pycnonotus, 250
zaphonota, Aegithina, 302
zapolius, Pyenonotus, 250
zarudnyi, Ammomanes, 33
zarudnyi, Lanius, 345
zeilae, Pycnonotus, 458
zeledoni, Thryophilus, 412
zeledoni, Thryothorus, 412
zenkeri, Anthus, 150, 151
zenkeri, Phyllastrephus, 269
zenkerianus, Lanius, 352
zetlandicus, Troglodytes, 422
INDEX
zeylanicus, Pycnonotus, 226
zeylanicus, Sturnus, 226
zeylonus, Telophorus, 337
zeylonus, Turdus, 337
zion, Galerida, 60
zombae, Mirafra, 14
zombensis, Andropadus, 252
zombensis, Pycnonotus, 252
zonatus, Campylorhynchus, 385
zonatus, Picolaptes, 385
zosterops, Bernieria, 272
zosterops, Chloropsis, 303
zosterops, Phyllastrephus, 271, 272
zosterops, Telophorus, 336
zuliensis, Thryothorus, 413
zuluensis, Mirafra, 12
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