CHEMICAL TABLES
BY
STEPHEN P. SHARPLES, S.B.
M
wiwiftsrrr j
.CAUFQ
CAMBRIDGE:
SEVER AND FRANCIS,
BOOKSELLERS TO THE CNIVERSITV.
1866.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by
S. P. 8HARPLES,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
-3 i
UNIVERSITY PRESS: WELCH, BIGELOW, & Co.,
CAMBRIDGE.
PREFACE
THE following work was undertaken at the suggestion of Dr. Wolcott
Gibbs, and has been executed under his immediate supervision. No labor
has been spared to render the collection of tables as complete as possible,
and to insure perfect accuracy in the figures. In all cases the tables have
been taken from the original sources, or have been carefully compared
with them. The tables on pages 94-99, 100-108, are new, and have
been computed expressly for this work : the logarithms at the end of the
volume are taken from the well-known five-figure table of August.
Many tables have been introduced, which are not in common use in the
laboratory. This has been done partly for the sake of completeness, but
principally because the progress of science continually brings the physical
and chemical properties of bodies into closer relations with each other.
Thus the researches of Landolt have recently shown that the chemical
constitution of a mixture or compound may, in many cases, be deduced
with accuracy from its optical properties alone.
The tables usually found in works on chemistry, giving the vapor densi
ties of bodies referred to air taken as unity, have been omitted in this
work, for the reason that it is always more convenient to refer gases
and vapors to hydrogen as the unit of density as well as of weight and
volume, and the vapor density is then very simply and directly related to
the atomic weight.
The table of wave lengths on page 148 will be found convenient for use
in connection with KirchhofTs chart of the spectrum. With its assistance
the wave length of any observed line may be determined with sufficient
accuracy by the ordinary methods of interpolation.
The Editor will be greatly obliged for any criticisms or suggestions
which may enable him to render the work more perfect in case it should
pass to a second edition.
S. P. S.
LAWRENCE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL,
Cambridge, June, 1866.
CONTENTS.
PAOB
ELEMENTS, their Equivalents and Logarithms 5
Atomic and Molecular Weights of the Elements 7
Formulas, Equivalents, and Per Cents of the Constituents of Compounds . 9
Factors for Analysis 20
Formulas for Indirect Estimation 23
Factors for Soda, Potassa, and Binoxide of Manganese .... 24
Table of Per Cents of Chlorine and Binoxide of Manganese . . .25
" " Chlorine in Cloride of Lime .... 26
Specific Gravity of the Elements 29
" " frequently occurring Combinations .... 30
Ammonia, Per Cent of, in Solution 35
Potassa " " 36
Soda " " " 36
Sulphuric Acid, Specific Gravity of 37
" ' * Table for diluting . .38
Nitric Acid, Specific Gravity of 39
Hydrochloric Acid, Specific Gravity of 40
Acetic Acid " " 41
Alcohol, Per Cent of, in dilute Spirits by Weight 42
Volume 43
" Table for diluting by Volume 44
Weight 45
Salt, Per Cent of common, in Solutions 46
Specific and Atomic Heat of the Elements 51
Specific Heats of some of the most common Substances . . . .52
Latent Heat of Vaporization 53
Specific Heat of Bodies in solid, liquid, and gaseous states . . .54
" " Gases and Vapors 56
" " Water and Latent Heat of Vapor of Water . . .57
Total Heat of Vaporization 57
Linear Expansion of Solid Bodies 58
Cubical " " " 60
VI CONTENTS.
Expansion of a Glass Vessel 61
" Glass 62
" " Mercury 63
Thermometers, Comparison of Air and Mercury 64
Centigrade and Fahrenheit . . .65
" " Fahrenheit and Centigrade ... 66
Expansions and Boiling-Points of Liquids 68
Elevation of Boiling-Point, by Solution of Salts 72
Volume of Water at different Temperatures 72
Tension of Vapor of Alcohol 74
Ether 75
" " Bisulphide of Carbon 75
" ' " • Chloroform 76
Benzine 76
" " Chloride of Carbon 76
Ethyl . - 77
" " Bromide " 77
" " Iodide " 77
Wood Spirit 78
" " Acetone 78
" " Bromide of Ethylene 78
Chloride of Silicon 79
" " Tef chloride Of Phosphorus 79
Boron 79
" " Chloride of Cyanogen 80
" " Oil of Turpentine 80
" " Sulphur1 80
" w Sulphurous Acid 81
' " ' Oxide of Methyl 81
Clorideof " 81
" " Ammonia 81
** Sulphuretted Hydrogen 82
* " ' Carbonic Acid 82
" " Protoxide of Nitrogen 82
Heat Units evolved by combination of Elements 83
Combustion in Oxygen 84
" Action of Bromine and Iodine . . . .85
Chlorine 86
" Combination of Acids and Bases . . . .86
Formulas for Weights and Volumes and Densities of Gases ... 89
Physical Properties of Gases 93
Logarithms of ^ fromA = l to A = 699 94
." ". h = 700. to h ~ 780.9 . 98
CONTENTS. Vii
Logarithms of j-^-^J^yy from ^=0.1 to < = 350.9 . . . .100
Tension of Vapor of Water from —32° to + 320° . . . . 109
" " for each ^ of a degree from 85 to 101 . Ill
" —10 to +35 112
" " Mercury 114
„, , , - 0.0012562
Tabl60f (14-0.003670760 115
0.0012932
......... 116
760(1-1-0.003670
« _ 0.00367
1 + 0.00367 < '
Examples of the Use of Table for Redaction of a Barometer to 0° . . 123
Reduction of Barometer with Glass Scale to 0° C. . . • . . 124
" Brass Scale " 132
"Water Pressure to Mercury Pressure . . . . 133
Correction of Barometrical Column for Capillarity 134
Coefficients of Absorption of Gases 136
Estimation of Weight of Gases from their Volumes . • . . .140
Formulas for Use of Tables relating to Light 147
Wave Lengths 148, 149
Indices of Refraction 150
" of Essential Oils 154
" " of Hydrocarbons of Essential Oils . . . 156
Solubilities of some of the more common Precipitates . . . .161
French Weights and Measures 163
English and French Weights and Measures compared . . . .164
Table of Logarithms 167
TABLES
FOR THE
CALCULATION OF ANALYSES.
TABLE
OF THE ELEMENTS AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS.
Element.
Symbol.
Equiva
lent.
Log.
Remarks.
Aluminum
Al
13.75
1.138303
Antimony
Sb
120.00
2.079181
122 Dexter, 120.3 Schneider.
Arsenic
As
75.00
1.875061
Barium
Ba
68.50
1.835691
68.59 Marignac.
Bismuth
Bi
208.00
2.318063
Boron
B
11.00
.041393
11.04 Berzelius.
Bromine
Br
80.00
.903090
79.97 Marignac.
Cadmium
Cd
56.00
.748188
Caesium
Cs
133.00
.123852
Calcium
Ca
20.00
.301030
Carbon
C
6.00
.778151
Cerium
Ce
46.00
.662758
Chlorine
Cl
35.50
.550228
35.46 Marignac.
Chromium
Cr
26.00
.414973
26.24 Berlin, Peligot.
Cobalt
Co
30.00
.477121
Copper
Cu
31.75
.501744
31.73 Erdmann & Marchand.
Didymium
D
48.00
1.681241
Erbium
E
56.30
1.750508
Fluorine
F
19.00
1.278754
Glucinum
G
4.66
0.668386
Gold
Au
197.00
2.294466
196.67 Berzelius.
I I ydrogen
H
1.00
0.000000
Indium
In
37.00
1.568202
Iodine
I
127.00
2.103804
Indium
Ir
98.00
1.991226
Iron
Fe
28.00
1.447158
Lanthanum
La
47.00
1.672098
46.4 Holzmann.
Lead
Pb
103.50
2.014940
103.57 Berzelius.
Lithium
L
7.00
0.845098
6.95 Mallet.
Magnefluon
Mg
12.00
1.079181
[Hauer.
Manganese
Mn
27.00
1.431364
27.57 Berzelius, 27.5 Von
Mercury
Hg
100.00
2.000000
100.05 Erdmann & Marchand.
Molybdenum
Mo
46.00
1.662758
Nickel
Ni
29.00
1.462398
Niobium
Nb
94.00
1.973128
When NbO6 = Niobic acid.
Nitrogen
N
14.00
1.146128
THE ELEMENTS AND THEftl EQUIVALENTS.
Element.
Symbol.
Equiva
lent.
Log.
Remarks.
Osmium
Os
97.00
1.986772
99.82 Fremy.
Oxygen
O
8.00
0.903090
Palladium
Pd
53.20
.725912
53.24 Berzelius.
Phosphorus
P
31.00
.491362
Platinum
Pt
99.00
.995635
98.94 Andrews.
Potassium
K
39.00
.591065
39.11 Marignac.
Rhodium
R
52.00
.716003
52.16 Berzelius.
Rubidium
Rb
85.40
.931458
Ruthenium
Ru
52.00
.716003
Selenium
Se
39.50
.596597
39.41 Erdmann & Marchand.
Silicon
Si
14.00
.146128
When Silicic acid = SiO2.
Silver
Ag
108.00
.033424
Sodium
NS
23.00
.361728
[louze.
Strontium
Sr
43.75
.640978
43.67 Stromeyer, 43.85 Pe-
Sulphur
S
16.00
.204120
Tantalum
Ta
172.00
2.235528
When Tantalic acid = TaO5.
Tellurium
Te
64.00
1.806180
64.14 Berzelius.
Thallium
Tl
204.00
2.309630
Thorium
Th
118.00
2.071882
When Thoria = ThOa.
Tin
Sn
58.00
1.763428
Titanium
Ti
25.00
1.397940
Tungsten
W
92.00
1.963788
Uranium
U
60.00
1.778151
Vanadium
V
68.50
1.835691
68.54 Berzelius.
Yttrium
Y
30.85
1.489255
Zinc
Zn
32.50
1.511883
32.52 Axel, Erdmann.
Zirconium
Zr
44.80
1.651278
When Zirconia = ZrO2.
THE ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN NATURAL GROUPS.
TABLE
GIVING THE ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN NATURAL GROUPS; WITH
THEIR MOLECULAR AND ATOMIC WEIGHTS.
1. Monatomic Elements, or Elements usually equivalent to 1 Atom
of Hydrogen.
Element.
Atomic
Weight.
Molecular
Weight.
Element.
Atomic
Weight.
Molecular
Weight.
Bromine
80.00
160.00
Lithium
7.00
14.00
Chlorine
35.50
71.00
Potassium
39.00
78.00
Caesium
133.00
266.00
Rubidium
85.40
170.80
Fluorine
19.00
38.00
Silver
108.00
216.00
Gold
197.00
394.00
Sodium
23.00
46.00
Hydrogen
1.00
2.00
Thallium
204.00
408.00
Iodine
127.00
254.00
2. Diatomic Elements, or Elements usually equivalent to 2 Atoms
of Hydrogen.
Element.
Atomic
Weight.
Molecular
Weight.
Element.
Atomic
Weight.
Molecular
Weight.
Oxygen
16.00
32.00
Indium ?
74.00
148.00
Sulphur
32.00
64.00
Cobalt
60.00
120.00
Selenium
79.00
158.00
Nickel
58.00
116.00
Tellurium
128.00
256.00
Cadmium
112.00
224.00
Calcium
40.00
80.00
Copper
63.50
127.00
Barium
137.00
274.00
Mercury
200.00
400.00
Strontium
87.50
175.00
Cerium
92.00
184.00
Lead
207.00
414.00
Didymium
96.00
192.00
Iron
56.00
112.00
Lanthanum
94.00
188.00
Manganese
54.00
108.00
Yttrium
61.70
123.40
Chromium
52.00
104.00
Erbium
112.60
225.20
Aluminum
27.50
55.00
Glucinum
9.32
18.64
Zinc
65.00
130.00
Uranium
120.00
240.00
Magnesium
24.00
48.00
3. Triatomic Elements, or Elements usually equivalent to 3 Atoms
of Hydrogen.
Element.
Atomic
Wcifht
Molecular
Weight.
Element.
Atomic
Weight.
Molecular
Weight.
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Arsenic
Antimony
Bismuth
14.00
31.00
75.00
120.00
208.00
28.00
121.00
300.00
480.00
832.00
Boron
Molybdenum ?
Tungsten ?
Vanadium ?
11.00
92.00
184.00
137.00
9
y
?
?
THE ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN NATURAL GROUPS.
4. Tetratomic Elements, or Elements usually equivalent to 4 Atoms
of Hydrogen.
Element.
Atomic
Weight.
Molecular
Weight.
Element.
Atomic
Weight.
Molecular
Weight.
Carbon
Silicon
Zirconium
Thorium
Tin
Titanium
12.00
28.00
89.60
236.00
116.00
50.00
24.00 ?
56.00?
179.20?
472.00?
232.00?
100.00?
Osmium
Palladium
Platinum
Iridium
Rhodium
Ruthenium
194.00
106.40
198.00
196.00
104.00
104.00
388.00 ?
212.80?
396.00?
392.00 ?
208.00 ?
208.00?
5. Pentalomic Elements, or Elements usually equivalent to 5 Atoms
of Hydrogen.
Element.
Atomic
Weight.
Molecular
Weight.
Element.
Atomic
Wright.
Molecular
Weight.
Tantalum
344.00
688.00?
Niobium
198.00
396.00?
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FACTORS.
TABLE
OF FACTORS FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE SUBSTANCE FOUND
IN ANALYSIS TO THE ONE SOUGHT.
The weight found multiplied by the factor gives the weight of the substance
sought.
FRESENIUS'S ANALYSIS.
Element.
Found.
Sought.
Factor.
Aluminum
ALO.
AL
0.5340
Ammonium
NH4C1
NH,
0.3178
NH.C1
NH4
0.3365
NH4Cl,PtCla
NH3
0.0760
Antimony
NH4Cl,PtCla
SbO,
NH4O
Sb
0.1163
0.8335
SbS3
Sb
0.7143
SbO4
Sb
0.7896
Sb04
Sb08
0.9474
Arsenic
AsO3
As
0.7576
As05
As
0.6522
As(X
AsO3
0.8609
AsS3
As
0.6098
AsS3
AsO3
0.8049
AsS3
AsO5
0.9349
Barium
2MgO,NH40,As06 + HO
2M<rO,NH40,As06-fHO
BaO
AsOr
As03
Ba
0.6053
0.5211
0.8955
BaO, SO,
BaO
0.6567
BaFl, SiFL
BaO
0.5484
Bismuth
BiO,
Bi
0.8965
Boron
BO,3
B
0.3143
Bromine
AcBr
Br
0.4255
Cadmium
CdO
Cd
0.8750
Caesium
CsCl
Cs
0.7893
CsO,S03
CsO
0.7790
Calcium
CaO
Ca
0.7143
CaO, S03
CaO
0.4118
CaO, CO2
CaO
0.5600
Carbon
CO
CaO, CO,
C
COS
0.2727
0.4400
Cerium
Ce304
Ce
0.8118
Chlorine
AgCl
Cl
0.2474
AgCl
IIC1
0.2537
Chromium
Cr203
Cr
0.6842
FACTORS.
21
Element.
Found.
Sought.
Factor.
Chromium
Cr203
CrO3
0.6579
PbO, Cr03
Cr03
0.3096
Cobalt
Co
CoO
1.2667
CoO, S03
CoO
0.4872
Copper
CuO
Cu
0.7987
Didymium
Erbium
CuJ3
DO
ErO
Cu
D
Er
0.7987
0.8571
0.8756
Fluorine
CaF
F
0.4872
SiF,
F
0.7308
Glucinum
GO
G
0.3681
Hydrogen
HO
H
0.1111
Indium
InS
In
0.6981
Iodine
Agl
I
0.5404
Pdl
I
0.7042
Iron
Fe203
Fe
0.7000
Fe203
FeO
0.9000
Lanthanum
LaO
La
0.8545
Lead
PbO
Pb
0.9283
PbO, SO.
Pb
0.6832
PbCl
Pb
0.7446
PbS
Pb
0.8661
Lithium
3LO,PO5
LO
0.3879
LCI
L
0.1647
Magnesium
MgO
Mg
0.6000
M^O, SO,
MgO
0.3333
2MgO, PO6
MgO
0.3604
Manganese
MnO
Mn
0.7714
Mn2O3
MnO
0.8973
Mn3O4
MnO
0.9292
MnO, S03
MnO
0.4667
2MnO, POS
MnO
0.4965
Mercury
Hg
Hg2O
1.0400
HgO
1.0800
Hg2Cl
HgS
Hg
0.8492
0.8621
Molybdenum
Nickel
MoO3
NiO
Mo
Ni
0.6571
0.7838
Niobium
Nitrogen
NbO,
NH4C1, PtCL
Nb
N
0.7015
0.0627
Pt
N
0.1414
Oxygen
AgC2N
|g>.
CJST
HON
0
0.1941
0.2015
0.4660
SbO3
0
0.1665
AsO3
0
0.2424
As05
O
0.3478
22
FACTORS.
Element.
Found.
Sought.
Factor.
Oxygen
BaO
o
0.1045
BiO3
o
0.1035
CdO
o
0.1250
CaO
0
0.2857
Cr203
o
0.3158
CuO
0
0.2012
HO
0
0.8889
Fe808
o
0.3000
FeO
0
0.2222
PbO
o
0.0717
MgO
0
0.4000
MnO
o
0.2286
Mn,O4
0
0.2832
Mn203
o
0.3077
MnOa
o
0.3721
Mn03
0
0.4706
Mn2OT
HgOT
o
0
0.5091
0.0741
H&O
o
0.0385
KO
o
0.1706
SiO2
AgO
0
0
0.5333
0.0690
NaO
o
0.2581
SrO
0
0.1546
SnO
o
0.2162
ZnO
0
0.1976
Potassium
KO
K
0.8294
KO, SO3
KO
0.5402
KO,NO6
KO
0.4654
KC1
KO
0.6309
KC1
K
0.6235
KC1, PtCL
KO
0.1922
KC1, PtCL
KC1
0.3047
Rubidium
RbCl
RbO
0.7725
RbO
Rb
0.9143
Silicon
Si02
Si
0.4667
Silver
AgCi
Ag
0.7526
AgCl
AgO
0.8084
Sodium
NaO
Na
0.7419
NaO, S03
NaO
0.4366
NaO,N05
NaO
0.3647
NaCl
NaO
0.5299
NaCl
Na
0.3922
NaO, C02
NaO
0.5849
Strontium
SrO
Sr
0.8454
SrO, SO,
SrO
0.5640
SrO, C02
SrO
0.7015
FACTORS.
23
Element.
Found.
Sought.
Factor.
Sulphur
BaO, S08
S
0.1372
BaO, SO8
S03
0.3433
Tantalum
AsS3
Ta06
S
Ta
0.3902
0.8113
Thallium
T1S
Tl
0.9272
u
Til
Tl
0.6163
Thorium
ThO,
Th
0.8788
Tin
Sn03
Sn
0.7838
SnO,
SnO
0.8919
Titanium
TiO,
Ti
0.6098
Tungsten
Yttrium
wo.
YO
W
Y
0.7143
0.7941
Zinc
ZnO
Zn
0.8024
Zirconium
ZrO,
Zr
0.8485
FORMULAS FOR INDIRECT ESTIMATION.
1. Estimation of Sulphates of Potassium and Sodium.
9.65158 A — 4.43751 S
N
K=S — N
S = weight of both Sulphates
K = weight of KO, SO3
N = weight of NaO, SOS
A = weight of SO,.
2. Estimation of Potassium and Sodium from the Chlorides.
K = 2.4375 S — 4.01672 A S = weight of both Chlorides
A = weight of Chlorine
N = weight of Sodium
K = weight of Potassium.
3. Carbonates of Lime and Strontia.
Ca = 7.0574 A— 2.10526 S S = weight of both Carbonates
Sr = S — Ca A = weight of Carbonic Acid
Ca = weight of Carbonate of Lime
Sr = weight of Carbonate of Strontia.
24
TABLE OP FACTORS.
TABLE OF FACTORS.
FOR SODA, POTASSA, AND BINOXIDE OF MANGANESE.
The weight of the substance found multiplied ly the factor gives the weight
of the substance sought.
Found.
Sought.
Factor.
Soda.
coa
NaO
1.4091
u
NaO, HO
1.8182
u
NaO, CO2
2.4091
n
NaO
NaO,COf-f 10HO
NaO, HO
6.5000
1.2903
U
11
NaO, CO,
NaO,COa+10HO
1.7097
4.6129
Potassa.
C02
KO
2.1363
u
KO, HO
2.5450
M
KO, C02
3.1363
KO
KO,IIO
1.1915
14
KO, COa
1.4681
Manganese.
COa I MnOa
0.9773
CHLORINE AND BINOXJDE OF MANGANESE.
25
TABLE
Giving the corresponding per cents of Chlorine and Binoxide of Man
ganese, from the amount of Sulphate of Iron Peroxidized, when
5 grammes of Black Oxide of Manganese and 31.9 grammes of Sul
phate of Iron are taken for testing.
OTTO'S LEIIRBCCII.
ill
fi*
ill
fH
Decigrammes used
of Sulphate of
Iron.
Per cent of Bin-
oxide contained
in the Mangan
ese.
Per cent of Chlo
rine liberated by
the Manganese.
Decigram men re
maining of Sul
phate of Iron.
Derigrnmin caused
of Sulphate of
Iron.
Por cent of TMn-
oxide contained
in the Mangan
ese.
Per cent of Chlo
rine liberated by
the Manganese.
0
319
100
81.3
98
221
69
56.3
3
316
99
80.6
102
217
68
55.3
6
313
98
79.8
105
214
67
54.5
9
310
97
79.0
108
211
66
53.8
12
307
96
78.2
111
208
65
53.0
15
304
95
77.4
115
204
64
52.0
18
301
94
76.5
118
201
63
51.2
22
297
63
75.7
121
198
62
50.5
25
294
92
75.0
124
195
61
49.7
28
291
91
74.3
127
192
60
48.9
31
288
90
73.5
130
189
59
48.2
34
285
89
72.7
134
185
58
47.2
38
281
88
71.6
137
182
57
46.4
41
278
87
70.9
140
179
56
45.6
44
275
86
70.1
143
176
55
44.9
47
272
85
69.3
147
172
54
43.8
50
269
84
68.6
150
169
53
43.1
53
266
83
67.8
153
166
52
42.3
57
262
82
66.8
156
163
51
41.5
60
259
81
66.0
159
160
50
40.8
63
256
80
65.3
162
157
49
40.0
66
253
79
64.5
165
154
48
39.3
69
250
78
63.7
168
151
47
38.5
73
246
77
62.7
172
147
46
37.5
76
243
76
61.9
175
144
45
36.7
79
240
75
61.2
178
141
44
35.9
82
237
74
60.4
182
137
43
34.9
85
234
73
59.6
185
134
42
34.2
89
230
72
58.6
188
131
41
33.4
92
227
71
57.8
191
128
40
32.6
95
224
70
57.1
26
CHLORIDE OF LIME.
TABLE
Giving the per cent of Chlorine in Chloride of Lime from the number of
parts it takes to Peroxidize 3.9 grammes of Sulphate of Iron, when 100
parts of the Solution contain 5 grammes of the Chloride of Lime to be
. tested.
(OTTO'S LEHRBUCH.)
Number of
Parts used of
the Solution of
Chloride of
Lime.
Per cent
of Chlorine.
Number of
Parts used of
;he Solution of
Chloride of
Liuie.
Per cent
of Chlorine.
Number of
Parts used of
the Solution ol
Chloride of
Lime.
Per cent
of Chlorine.
31
32.2
55
18.2
79
12.7
32
31.2
56
17.8
80
12.5
33
30.3
57
17.5
81
12.3
34
29.4
58
17.2
82
12.2
35
28.6
59
17.0
83
12.0
36
27.8
60
16.7
84
11.9
37
27.0
61
16.4
85
11.7
38
26.3
62
16.1
86
11.6
39
25.6
63
15.9
87
11.5
40
25.0
64
15.6
88
11.3
41
24.4
65
15.4
89
11.2
42
23.8
66
15.1
90
11.1
43
23.3
67
14.9
91
10.9
44
22.7
68
14.7
92
10.8
45
22.2
69
14.5
93
10.7
46
21.7
70
14.3
94
10.6
47
21.3
71
14.1
95
10.5
48
20.8
72
13.9
96
10.4
49
20.4
73
13.7
97
10.3
50
20.0
74
13.5
98
10.2
51
19.6
75
13.3
99
10.1
52
19.2
76
13.1
100
10.0
53
18.8
77
13.0
54
18.5
78
12.8
TABLES
RELATING TO
SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF THE ELEMENTS.
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF THE ELEMENTS.
Element.
Specific
Gravity.
Element.
Specific
Gravity.
Palladium
11-12
Solids and Liquids.
Water = 1 at 0° C., 760 m. Barom.
Phosphorus {£$&
2.089
1.826
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Bismuth
2.670
6.720
5.630
1.850
9.780
Platinum
Potassium
Rhodium
Rubidium
Ruthenium
20.8-21.74
0.865
11.000
1.520
11-12
4.250
Boron
2.680
Selenium i n , J^i j
4.800
Bromine
Cadmium
Calcium
( Diamond
Carbon 4 Graphite
( Coal of Sugar
Chromium
Cobalt
3.187
8.604
1.578
3.500
2.200
2.000
6.810
8.950
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
( Rhombic
Sulphur -{ Monoclinic
( Amorphous
Tantalum
2.490
10.570
0.972
2.540
2.070
1.958
1.919
10.780
Copper
Glucinum
8.8-9
2.100
Tellurium
Thallium
6.650
11.862
Gold
19.340
Tin
7.300
Indium
Iodine
Iridium
7.200
4.950
21.800
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadium
17.500
18.400
3.640
Iron
7.840
Zinc
7.200
Lead
11.330
Lithium
0.593
Gases*
Magnesium
Manganese
1.750
8.000
Air = 1 at 03 C., 760 m. Barom.
Mercury
13.596
Chlorine
2.47000
Molybdenum
Nickel
8.640
8.900
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
0.06926
0.97137
Osmium
21.400
Oxygen
1.10563
30
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
TABLE
OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING
COMBINATIONS.
BOEDEKER. — Supplement zu den Lehrbuchern der Chemie und Mineralogie.
Name.
Formula.
Specifiic
Gravity.
Bromides.
Ammonium,
Barium
Bromide
a
NH4Br
BaBr
2.266
4.230
u
" Crystal.
BaBr 4- 2HO
3.690
Mercury
u
HgBr
5.920
u
" Sub
Hf2Br
7.307
Potassium
M
KBr
2.415
Silver
u
AgBr
6.273
Sodium
H
NaBr
3.079
Chlorides.
Ammonium,
Chloride
NH4C1
1.500
Barium
u
BaCl
3.800
u
" Crystal.
BaCl 4- 2HO
3.050
Calcium
»
CaCl
2.205
u
" Crystal.
CaCl + 6HO
1.612
Copper
Iron
u
Cu2Cl
FeCl
3.680
2.528
Lead
»
PbCl
5.540
Lithium
u
LCI
1.998
Manganese
u
MnCl + 4110
2.0146
Mercury
11
Hgd
5.420
u
" Sub
6.990
Nickel
u
NiCl
2.560
Potassium
a
KC1
1.950
Silver
M
AgCl
5.500
Sodium
a
NaCl
2.160
Strontium
"
SrCl
2.960
Tin
M
SnCl + 2HO
2.293
Iodides.
Barium, Iodide
Bal
4.917
Copper "
Lead "
Cul
Pbl
4.410
6.384
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
31
Name.
Formula.
Specific
Gravity.
Mercury, Iodide
Hgl
6.257
" Sub
Hg T
7.750
Potassium "
KI
3.056
Silver "
Agl
5.614
Sodium "
Nal
3.450
Oxides.
Aluminum, Oxide
A1203
4.000
Antimonic Acid
Sb05
6.525
Antimonous Acid
SbO4
6.695
Antimony, Oxide
Sb03
5.566
Arsenous Acid
As03
3.884
Arsenic "
AsO,
3.734
Barium, Oxide
BaO
5.456-4.732
" " Crystal.
BaO 4- 9HO
1.656
" Hydrate
BaO, HO
4.495
Boric Acid
B03
1.830
" " Crystal.
B03 -j- 3HO
1.479
Bismuth, Oxide
Bid,
8.968
Cadmium "
CdO
8.110
Calcium "
CaO
3.180
Chromium "
Cr203
5.210
Cobalt «
Co203
5.600
Copper "
Cub
6.430
" " Sub
Cu0O
5.751
Iron, Protosesquioxide
" Sesquioxide
Fe304
Fe203
5.185
5.224
" Hydrate
Lead, Oxide
Fe203,HO
PbO
3.7-3.9
9.360
" " Per
PbO2
9.300
Magnesium, Oxide
Manganese "
MgO
MnO
3.200
4.720
" " Sesqui
Mn203
4.820
" " Per
" " Hydrate
Mercury, Oxide
MnO2
Mn0O3, HO
HgO3
4.900
4.328
11.290
" " Sub
8.950
Molybdenum, Oxide
Mob.
5.606
" " Acid
MoO3
3.460
Nickel, Oxide
NiO
6.660
" Sesqui
Potassium, Oxide
Ni203
KO
4.840
2.656
Hydrate
KO,HO
2.100
Silicic Acid
SiO2
2.660
Sodium, Oxide
NaO
2.805
" Hydrate
NaO,HO
2.000
32
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
Name.
Formula.
Specific
Gravity.
Strontium, Oxide
SrO
4.611
" " Crystal
SrO -}- 9HO
1.396
Sulphuric Acid
Tin, Oxide
SO3
SnO
1.970 (20°)
6.666
" " Bin
SnO3
6.720-6.950
( Anatase
TiOa
3.840
Titanic Acid •< Brookite
TiOa
4.130
( Rutile
TiOa
4.250
Tungstic Acid
woa
7.1369
Uranium, Oxide
UO
10.150
Uranium Protosesquioxide
Vanadic Acid
U304
V08
7.310
3.510
Zinc, Oxide
ZnO
5.630
Sulphides.
Antimony, Tersulphide
SbS3
4.752
Arsenic "
AsSa
3.480
Bisulphide
AsSa
3.544
Bismuth, Sulphide
Cadmium "
BiS3
CdS
7.000
4.900
Cobalt "
Co S
4.800
Copper "
CuS8
4.163
" " Sub
Cu S
5.500
Iron " Bi
FeSa
4.65-5.1
u u
FeS
4.400
Lead "
PbS
6.924
Manganese "
MnS
4.000
" " Bi
MnSa
3.463
Mercury "
HgS
8.124
Molybdenum "
Nickel «
MoS2
NiS
4.690
5.650
Potassium "
KS
2.130
Silver "
AgS
6.850
Sodium "
NaS
2.471
Tin "
SnS
4.973
" " Bi
SnSa
4.600
Zinc "
ZnS
3.920
Borates.
Borax
NaO,2BO34- 10IIO
1.740
" Anhydrous
NaO, 2BO3
2.600
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
33
Name.
Formula.
Specific
Gravity.
Carbonates.
Ammonium, Carbonate
i>XII40,3COa,
1.450
Barium
BaO, CO,
4.300
Calcium Arragonite CaO, CO,
2.900
" Calc-spar
CaO, COa
2.720
Iron
FeO, CO,
3.870
Lead
PbO,COa
6.400
Lithium "
LO, CO2
2.110
IMagnesium "
Manganese "
MgO, COa
MnO, C0a
2.990
3.55-3.95
Potassium "
Sodium "
KO, COa
NaO, CO2
2.267
2.509
" " Crystal.
NaO, C0a -}- 10HO
1.454
Strontium "
Zinc "
SrO, CO2
ZnO, C0a
3.600
4.1-4.5
Chlorates.
Barium, Chlorate
BaO, C105
2.988
Potassium "
KO, CIO,
2.350
Sodium "
NaO, C105
2.289
Silver "
AgO, C106
4.430
Chromates.
Ammonium, Chromate, Bi
Lead "
NH40, 2Cr03
PbO, CrO3
2.367
6.100
Potassium "
KO, CrO3
2.640
« u Bi
KO, 2Cr03
2.603
Nitrates.
Ammonium, Nitrate
Barium "
NH40,N05
BaO,NO6
1.740
3.200
Calcium "
CaO, N05
2.240
Lead «
PbO, NO5
4.470
Lithium "
LO,N05
2.334
Potassium "
KO,N05
2.058
Silver "
AgO,NO6
4.355
Strontium "
Sodium "
SrO,NO5
NaO,N05
2.810
2.200
Oxalates.
Ammonium, Oxalate
NH4O, O + 2HO
1.500
Potassium "
KO, 0 + HO
2.120
" " Acid
KO,HO,2O-f 2HO
2.044
34
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
Name.
Formula.
Specific
Gravity.
Phosphates.
Lead, Phosphate
3PbO, PO5
7.208
Sodium "
" " Pyro
2NaO,HO,P05+24HO
2NaO,PO5-j- 10HO
1.525
1.836
Silver "
3AgO, PO,
5.306
u « pyro
2AgO,P06
7.300
Sulphates.
Ammonium, Sulphate
Barium "
NH40, S03
BaO, SO,
1.760
4.500
Calcium "
CaO, S03
2.960
" " Crystal.
CaO, S03 + 2HO
2.330
Cobalt " "
CoO, SO, 4- 7HO
1.924
Copper "
CuO, S03
3.572
" " Crystal.
CuO, SO3 4- 5HO
2.300
Iron "
FeO, S03
2.840
" " Crystal.
FeO, SO3 4- 7HO
1.8-1.9
Lead "
PbO, S03
6.300
Lithium, Sulphate
LO, SO3
2.210
" " Crystal.
LO, SO8 4- HO
2.020
Magnesia "
MgO,S03
2.600
" " Crystal.
MgO, SO3 4- 7HO
1.750
Manganese "
MnO, S03
8.100
" " Crystal.
MnO, SO3 + 4IIO
2.090
Nickel " "
NiO, S08 -f 7HO
2.040
Potassium "
KO, SO3
2.660
" " Acid
KO,2S03
2.277
Potassa, Alum
Silver, Sulphate
KO, SO,, AL03, 3SO, + 24IIO
AgO, S08
1.724
5.400
Sodium "
NaO, S03
2.460
" " Crystal.
Soda, Alum
Strontium, Sulphate
NaO,SO34- 10TIO
NaO, SO., ALO, 3S03 + 24HO
SrO, SO3
1.500
1.880
3.925
Zinc "
ZnO, S08
3.400
" Crystal.
ZnO, SO8 -f 7HO
1.9-2.1
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
35
TABLE
OF THE PER CENT OF DRY AMMONIA GAS IN A SOLUTION AT 14° C.
CARIUS. — Ann. Ch. u. Pharm. 1856, 99, pp. 163, 164.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Ammonia.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Ammonia.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Ammonia.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Ammonia.
0.8844
36
0.9052
27
0.9314
18
0.9631
9
0.8864
35
0.9078
26
0.9347
17
0.9670
8
0.8885
34
0.9106
25
0.9380
16
0.9709
7
0.8907
33
0.9133
24
0.9414
15
0.9749
6
0.8929
32
0.9162
23
0.9449
14
0.9790
5
0.8953
31
0.9191
22
0.9484
13
0.9831
4
0.8976
30
0.9221
21
0.9520
12
0.9873
3
0.9001
29
0.9251
20
0.9556
11
0.9915
2
0.9026
28
0.9283
19
0.9593
10
0.9959
1
TABLE
OF THE PER CENT OF DRY AMMONIA GAS IN A SOLUTION AT 16° C.
OTTO'S LEHRBUCH.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Ammonia.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Ammonia.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Ammonia.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Ammonia.
0.9517
12.000
0.9583
10.250
0.9654
8.375
0.9726
6.500
0.9521
11.875
0.9588
10.125
0.9659
8.250
0.9730
6.375
0.9526
11.750
0.9593
10.000
0.9664
8.125
0.9735
6.250
0.9531
11.625
0.9597
9.875
0.9669
8.000
0.9740
6.125
0.9536
11.500
0.9602
9.750
0.9673
7.875
0.9745
6.000
0.9540
11.375
0.9607
9.625
0.9678
7.750
0.9749
5.875
0.9545
11.250
0.9612
9.500
0.9683
7.625
0.9754
5.750
0.9550
11.125
0.9616
9.375
0.9688
7.500
0.9759
5.625
0.9555
11.000
0.9621
9.250
0.9692
7.375
0.9764
5.500
0.9556
10.950
0.9626
9.125
0.9697
7.250
0.9768
5.375
0.9559
10.875
0.9631
9.000
0.9702
7.125
0.9773
5.250
0.9564
10.750
0.9636
8.875
0.9707
7.000
0.9778
5.125
0.9569
10.625
0.9641
8.750
0.9711
6.875
0.9783
5.000
0.9574
10.500
0.9645
8.625
0.9716
6.750
0.9578
10.375
0.9650
8.500
0.9721
6.625
36
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
TABLE
OF THE PER CENT OF POTAS8A (KO) IN A SOLUTION AT 15° C.
TUNNERMANN.— Handworterbuch, Bd. IV. pp. 253.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Potassa.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Potassa.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Potassa.
1.3300
28.290
1.1979
18.671
1.0819
8.487
1.3131
27.158
1.1839
17.540
1.0703
7.355
1.2966
26.027
1.1702
16.408
1.0589
6.224
1.2803
24.895
1.1568
15.277
1.0478
5.002
1.2648
23.764
1.1437
14.145
1.0369
3.961
1.2493
22.632
1.1308
13.013
1.0260
2.829
1.2342
21.500
1.1182
11.882
1.0153
1.697
1.2268
20.935
1.1059
10.750
1.0050
0.5658
1.2122
19.803
1.0938
9.619
TABLE
OF THE PER CENT OF SODA (NaO) IN A SOLUTION AT 15° C.
TUNNERMANN. — Handworterbuch, Bd. V. pp. 622.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Soda.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Soda.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Soda.
1.4285
30.220
1.2982
20.550
1.1528
10.275
1.4193
29.616
1.2912
19.945
1.1428
9.670
.4101
29.011
1.2843
19.341
1.1330
9.066
.4011
28.407
1.2775
18.730
1.1233
8.462
.3923
27.802
1.2708
18.132
1.1137
7.857
.3836
27.200
1.2642
17.528
1.1042
7.253
.3751
26.594
1.2578
16.923
1.0948
6.648
.3668
25.989
1.2515
16.319
1.0855
6.044
.3586
25.385
.2453
15.714
.0764
5.440
.3505
24.780
.2392
15.110
.0675
4.835
.3426
24.176
.2280
14.506
.0587
4.231
.3349
23.572
.2178
13.901
.0500
3.626
.3273
22.967
.2058
13.297
.0414
3.022
.3198
22.363
1.1948
12.692
1.0330
2.418
.3143
21.894
1.1841
12.088
1.0246
1.813
.3125
21.758
1.1734
11.484
1.0163
1.209
.3053
21.154
1.1630
10.879
1.0081
0.604
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
37
TABLE
OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SULPHURIC ACID.
Calculated by Otto from Bineau's data for the Temperature of 15° C.
Specific
Gravity.
Hy
dra ted
Acid.
SO,
Specific
Gravity.
Hy
dra ted
Acid.
S03
Specific
Gravity.
Hy-
drated
Acid.
SO,
1.8426
100
81.63
.5780
66
53.87
1.2390
32
26.12
1.8420
99
80.81
.5570
65
53.05
1.2310
31
25.30
1.8406
98
80.00
.5450
64
52.24
1.2230
30
24.49
1.8400
97
79.18
.5340
63
51.42
1.2150
29
23.67
1.8384
96
78.36
.5230
62
50.61
1.2066
28
22.85
1.8376
95
77.55
.5120
61
49.79
1.1980
27
22.03
1.8356
94
76.73
.5010
60
48.98
1.1900
26
21.22
1.8340
93
75.91
.4900
59
48.16
1.1820
25
20.40
1.8310
92
75.10
.4800
58
47.34
1.1740
24
19.58
1.8270
91
74.28
.4690
57
46.53
1.1670
23
18.77
1.8220
90
73.47
.4586
56
45.71
1.1590
22
17.95
1.8160
89
72.65
.4480
55
44.89
1.1516
21
17.14
1.8090
88
71.83
.4380
54
44.07
1.1440
20
16.32
1.8020
87
71.02
.4280
53
43.26
1.1360
19
15.51
1.7940
86
70.10
.4180
52
42.45
1.1290
18
14.69
1.7860
85
69.38
.4080
51
41.63
1.1210
17
13.87
1.7770
84
68.57
.3980
50
40.81
1.1136
16
13.06
1.7670
83
67.75
.3886
49
40.00
1.1060
15
12.24
1.7560
82
66.94
.3790
48
39.18
1.0980
14
11.42
1.7460
81
66.12
.3700
47
38.36
1.0910
13
10.61
1.7340
80
65.30
.3610
46
37.55
1.0830
12
9.79
1.7220
79
64.48
.3510
45
36.73
1.0756
11
8.98
1.7100
78
63.67
.3420
44
35.82
1.0680
10
8.16
1.6980
77
62.85
.3330
43
35.10
1.0610
9
7.34
1.6860
76
62.04
.3240
42
34.28
.0536
8
6.53
1.6750
75
61.22
.3150
41
33.47
.0464
7
5.71
1.6630
74
60.40
.3060
40
32.65
.0390
6
4.89
1.6510
73
59.59
.2976
39
31.83
.0320
5
4.08
1.6390
72
58.77
.2890
38
31.02
.0256
4
3.26
1.6370
71
57.95
.2810
37
30.20
.0190
3
2.445
1.6150
70
57.14
1.2720
36
29.38
.0130
2
1.63
1.6040
69
56.32
1.2640
35
28.57
.0064
1
0.816
1.5920
68
55.59
1.2560
34
27.75
1.5300
67
54.69
1.2476
33
26.94
38
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
TABLE
OP THE QUANTITY OF SULPHURIC ACID OF 1.86 SPECIFIC GRAVITY
TO BE ADDED TO 100 PARTS OF WATER TO PRODUCE AN ACID OF
A GIVEN SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
ANTHON.
Parts
Acid.
Specific
Gravity.
Parts
Acid.
Specific
Gravity.
Parts
Acid.
Specific
Gravity.
1
1.009
130
1.456
370
1.723
2
1.015
140
1.473
380
.727
5
1.035
150
1.490
390
.730
10
1.060
160
1.510
400
.733
15
1.090
170
1.530
410
.737
20
1.113
180
1.543
420
.740
25
1.140
190
1.556
430
.743
30
1.165
200
1.568
440
.746
35
1.187
210
1.580
450
.750
40
1.210
220
1.593
460
.754
45
1.229
230
1.606
470
.757
50
1.248
240
1.620
480
.760
55
1.265
250
1.630
490
.763
60
1.280
260
1.640
500
.766
65
1.297
270
1.648
510
.768
70
1.312
280
1.654
520
.770
75
1.326
290
1.667
530
.772
80
1.340
300
1.678
540
.774
85
1.357
310
1.689
550
.776
90
1.372
320
1.700
560
.777
95
1.386
330
1.705
580
.778
100
1.398
340
1.710
590
1.780
110
1.420
350
1.714
600
1.782
120
1.438
360
1.719
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
TABLE
OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF NITRIC ACID AT 15° C.
URE. — Diet. Arts.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
of
N05
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
of
N05
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
of
N05
.500
79.7
1.378
52.6
1.190
26.3
.498
78.9
1.373
51.8
1.183
25.5
.496
78.1
1.368
51.1
1.177
24.7
.494
77.3
.363
50.2
1.171
23.9
.491
76.5
.358
49.4
1.165
23.1
.488
75.7
.353
48.6
.159
22.3
.485
74.9
J.348
47.8
.153
21.5
.482
74.1
.343
47.0
.147
20.7
.479
73.3
.338
46.2
.140
19.9
.476
72.5
.332
45.4
.134
19.1
.473
71.7
.327
44.6
.129
18.3
.470
70.9
.322
43.8
.123
17.5
.467
70.1
.316
43.0
.117
16.7
.464
69.3
.311
42.2
.111
15.9
.460
68.5
.306
41.4
.105
15.1
.457
67.7
.300
40.6
.099
14.3
.453
66.9
.295
89.9
.094
13.5
.450
66.2
.289
89.1
.088
12.7
.446
65.3
.283
38.3
.082
12.0
.442
64.6
.277
37.5
.076
11.2
.439
63.8
.271
86.7
.071
10.4
.435
63.0
.264
35.9
.065
9.6
.431
62.2
.258
35.1
.059
8.8
.427
61.4
.252
34.3
.054
8.0
.423
60.6
1.246
33.5
.048
7.2
.419
59.8
1.240
82.7
.043
6.4
.415
59.0
1.234
31.9
.038
5.6
.411
58.2
1.228
31.1
.032
4.8
.407
57.4
1.221
30.3
.027
4.0
1.402
56.6
1.215
29.5
.021
3.2
1.398
55.8
1.208
28.7
.016
2.4
1.395
55.0
1.202
27.9
.011
1.6
1.388
54.2
1.196
27.1
.005
0.8
1.383
53.4
40
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
TABLE
OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID AT 15° C.
URE. — Diet. Arts.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Hydrochloric
Acid Gas.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Hydrochloric
Acid Gas.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Hydrochloric
Acid Gas.
1.2000
40.777
1.1328
26.913
1.0657
13.456
1.1982
40.369
1.1308
26.505
1.0637
13.049
1.1964
39.961
1.1287
26.098
1.0617
12.641
1.1946
39.554
1.1267
25.690
1.0597
12.2)33
1.1928
39.146
1.1247
25.282
1.0577
11.825
1.1910
38.738
1.1226
24.874
1.0557
11.418
1.1893
38.330
1.1206
24.466
1.0537
11.010
1.1875
37.923
1.1185
24.058
1.0517
10.602
1.1857
37.516
1.1164
23.650
1.0497
10.194
1.1846
37.108
1.1143
23.242
1.0477
9.786
1.1822
36.700
1.1123
22.834
1.0457
9.379
1.1802
36.292
1.1102
22.426
1.0437
8.971
1.1782
35.884
1.1082
22.019
1.0417
8.563
1.1762
35.476
1.1061
21.611
1.0397
8.155
1.1741
35.068
1.1041
21.203
1.0377
7.747
1.1721
34.660
1.1020
20.796
1.0357
7.340
1.1701
34.252
1.1000
20.388
1.0337
6.932
1.1681
33845
1.0980
19.980
1.0318
6.524
1.1661
33.437
1.0960
19.572
1.0298
6.116
1.1641
33.029
1.0939
19.165
1.0279
5.709
1.1620
32.621
1.0919
18.757
1.0259
5.301
1.1599
32213
1.0899
18.349
1.0239
4.893
1.1578
31.805
1.0879
17.941
1.0220
4.486
1.1557
31.398
1.0859
1 7.534
1.0200
4.078
1.1537
30.990
1.0838
17.126
1.0180
3.670
1.1515
30.582
1.0818
16.718
1.0160
3.262
1.1494
30.174
1.0798
16.310
1.0140
2.854
1.1473
29.767
1.0778
15.902
1.0120
2.447
1.1452
29.359
1.0758
15.494
1.0100
2.039
1.1431
28.951
1.0738
15.067
1.0080
1.631
1.1410
28.544
1.0718
14.479
1.0060
1.124
1.1389
28.136
1.0697
14.271
1.0040
0.816
1.1369
27.728
1.0677
13.863
1.0020
0.408
1.1349
27.321
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
41
TABLE
OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF HYDRATED ACETIC ACID.
MOIIR. — Ann. Pharm. 1839, 31, 8. 284.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Hvdrated
Acetic
Acid.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
11 v dm ted
Acetic
Acid.
Specific
Gravity.
Percent
Hydrate 1
Acetic
Acid.
Specific
Gravity.
PIT cent
ll\ dnted
Acetic
Acid.
.0635
100
.0720
75
1.0600
50
1.0340
25
.0655 '
99
.0720
74
1.0590
49
1.0330
24
.0670
98
.0720
73
1.0580
48
.0320
23
.0680
97
.0710
72
1.0560
47
.0310
22
.0690
96
.0710
71
1.0550
46
.0290
21
.0700
95
.0700
70
1.0550
45
.0270
20
.0706
94
.0700
69
1.0540
44
.0260
19
.0708
93
.0700
68
1.0530
43
.0250
18
.0716
92
.0690
67
1.0520
42
.0240
17
.0721
91
.0690
66
1.0515
41
.0230
16
.0730
90
.0680
65
1.0513
40
.0220
15
.0730
89
.0680
64
1.0500
39
.0200
14
.0730
88
.0680
63
1.0490
38
.0180
13
.0730
87
.0670
62
1.0480
37
.0170
12
.0730
86
.0(570
61
1.0470
36
.0160
11
.0730
85
.OG70
60
1.0460
35
.0150
10
.0730
84
.0660
59
1.0450
34
.0130
9
.0730
83
.0660
58
1.0440
33
.0120
8
.0730
82
.0650
57
1.0424
32
.0100
7
.0732
81
.0640
'56
1.0410
31
.0080
6
.0735
80
.0640
55
1.0400
30
.0067
5
.0735
79
.0630
54
1.0390
29
.0055
4
.0732
78
.0630
53
1.0380
28
1.0040
3
.0732
77
.0620
52
1.0360
27
1.0020
2
.0730
76
.0610
51
1.0350
26
1.0010
1
When water is added to Hydrated Acetic Acid the Specific Gravity
of the fluid does not fall ; on the contrary, it rises until 3 atoms or 51.5
per cent have been added.
In reference to this, Thompson gives the following Table.
EQUIVALENTS OF ACID AND WATER AT 15° C.
Acid.
Water.
Specific Gravity.
Acid.
Water.
Specific Gravity.
1
1
1.06296
1
6
1.06708
1
2
1.07060
1
7
1.06349
1
3
1.07084
1
8
1.05974
1
4
1.07132
1
9
1.05794
1
5
1.06820
1
10
1.05439
42
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
TABLE
OF THE PROPORTION BY WEIGHT OF ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL IN SPIRITS
OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITIES AT 15°.5 C.
FOWNES'S Chern., p. 579.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent.
0.9991
|
0.9511
34
0.8769
68
0.9981
1
0.9490
35
0.8745
69
0.9965
2
0.9470
36
0.87-21
70
0.9947
3
0.9452
37
0.8696
71
0.9930
4
0.9434
38
0.8672
72
0.9914
5
0.9416
39
0.8649
73
0.9898
6
0.9396
40
0.8625
74
0.9884
7
0.9376
41
0.8603
75
0.9869
8
0.9356
42
0.8 5. si
76
0.9855
9
0.9335
43
0.8557
77
0.9841
10
0.9314
44
0.8533
78
0.9828
11
0.9292
45
0.8508
79
0.9815
12
0.9270
46
0.8483
80
0.9802
13
0.9249
47
0.8459
81
0.9789
14
0.9228
48
0.8434
82
0.9778
15
0.9206
49
0.8408
83
0.9766
16
0.9184
50
0.8382
84
0.9753
17
0.9160
51
0.8357
85
0.9741
18
0.9135
52
0.8331
86
0.9728
19
0.9113
53
0.8305
87
0.9716
20
0.9090
54
0.8279
88
0.9704
21
0.9069
55
0.820 I
89
0.9691
22
0.9047
r>c>
0.822S
90
0.9678
23
0.9025
57
0.8199
91
0.9665
24
0.9001
58
0.8172
92
0.9652
2.~>
0.8979
59
0.81 !.')
93
0.9638
26
0.8956
60
0.8.118
94
0.9628
27
0.8932
61
0.8089
95
0.9609
28
0.8908
62
0.8061
96
0.9593
29
0.8886
G3
0.8031
97
0.9578
30
0.8863
64
0.8001
98
0.9560
31
0.8h 10
65
0.7969
99
0.9544
32
0.8816
66
0.7938
100
0.9528
33
0.8793
67
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
43
TABLE
OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF A MIXTURE OF ALCOHOL AND WATER
BY VOLUME.
Temperature = 15°.56 C. Water = 1 at 3°.9 C.
TRALLES. — Gilbert's Annalen der Phys., 1811, 38, s. 368.
Per cent
Alcohol.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Alcohol.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent
Alcohol.
Specific
Gravity.
1
9976
35
9583
68
8941
2
99(31
36
9570
69
8917
3
9947
37
9559
70
8892
4
9933
38
9541
71
8867
5
9919
39
9526
72
8842
6
9906
40
9510
73
8817
7
9893
41
9494
74
8791
8
9881
42
9478
75
8765
9
9869
43
9461
76
8739
10
9857
44
9444
77
8712
11
9845
45
9427
78
8685
12
9834
46
9409
79
8658
13
9823
47
9391
80
8631
14
9812
48
9373
81
8603
15
9802
49
9354
82
8575
16
9791
50
9335
83
8547
17
9781
51
9315
84
8518
18
9771
52
9295
85
8488
19
9761
53
9275
86
8458
20
9751
54
9254
87
8428
21
9741
55
9234
88
8397
22
9731
56
9213
89
8365
23
9720
57
9192
90
8332
24
9710
58
9170
91
8299
25
9700
59
9148
92
8265
26
9689
60
9126
93
8230
27
9679
61
9104
94
8194
28
9668
62
9082
95
8157
29
9657
63
9059
96
8118
30
9646
64
9036
97
8077
31
9634
65
9013
98
8034
32
9622
66
8989
99
7988
33
9609
67
8965
100
7939
34
9596
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
TABLE
FOR THE MIXING OF WATER AND ALCOHOL ACCORDING TO
VOLUME, AT 1 7°.5 C.
MEISSNER'S Ariiometrie.
A mixture
of
Specific
Gravity.
The
Volume
becomes
after
mixing.
A mixture
of
Specific
Gravity.
The
Volume
becomes
after
mixing.
A mixture
of
Specific
Gravity.
The
Volume
becomes
after
mixing.
Volumes
Alcohol.
II
Volumes
Alcohol.
Volumes
Water.
Volumes
Alcohol.
CO
100
0
0.7932
66
34
0.8934
96.651
32
68
0.9621
97.056
99
1
0.7969
99.802
65
35
0.8958
96.626
31
69 0.9632
97.158
98
2
0.8006
99.618
64
36
0.8982
96.602
30
70 0.9643
97.268
97
3
0.8042
99.425
63
37
0.9006 96.580
29
71 0.9654
97.367
96
4
0.8078
89.229
62
38
0.9029 96.559
28
72 0.9665J 97.466
95
5
0.8114
99.031
61
39
0.9052 96.539
27
73 0.!)<!7<i
97.565
94
6
0.8150
98.8-24
60
40
0.9075 96.520
26
74
0.9688
97.664
93
7
0.8185
98.644
59
41
0.9098
96.501
25
75; 0.9700
97.763
92
8
0.8219
98.484
58
42
0.9121
96.484
24
76
0.9712
97.862
91
9
0.8253
98.334
57
43
0.9145
96.463
23
77
0.9723
97.958
90
10
0.8286
98.224
56
44
0.9168
96.445
22
78
0.9734
98.051
89
11
0.8317
98.131
55
45
0.9191
96.427
21
79
0.9745
98.149
88
12
0.8346
98.044
54
46
0.9214
96.413
20
80 0.9756
98.262
87
13
0.8373
97.962
53
47
0.9237
96.402
19
81 0.9766
98.377
86
14
0.8400
97.883
52
48
0.9259
96.393
18
82 0.9775
98.494
85
15
0.8427
97.807
51
49
0.9281
96.384
17
83 0.9784
98.613
84
16
0.8454
97.733
50
50
0.9303
96.377
16
84 0.9793
98.731
83
17
0.8481
97.661
49
51
0.9324
96.384
15
85 0.9803
98.845
82
18
0.8508
97.592
48
52
0.9344
96.394
14
86 0.9813
98.955
81
19
0.8534
97.525
47
53
0.9364
96.407
13
S7 0.9823
99.058
80
20
0.8566
97.462
46
54
0.9384
96.423
12
88 0.9834
99.154
79
21
0.8591
97.401
45
55
0.9404
96.442
11
8!) 0.9846
99.246
78
22
0.8616
97.347
44
56
0.9424
96.465
10
90 0.9859
99.333
77
23
0.8642
97.291
43
57
0.9443
96.495
9
91
0.9873
99.413
76
24
0.8668 97.231
42
58
0.9461
96.528
8 92
0.9888
99.487
75
25
0.8695 97.176
41
59| 0.9478 96.565
7
93
0.9901
99.555
74
26
0.8723 97.111
40
60
0.9495 96.607
6 94
0.9915
99.617
73
27
0.8751
97.040
39
61
0.9512 96.649
5 !»;>
0.9929
99.674
72
28
0.8779
in;. !)<;••
38
62
0.9529 96.692
4 ill!
0.9943 99.731
71
29
0.8806
96.892
37
63
0.9547
96.736
3 97
0.9957J 99.792
70 30 0.8833 96.821
36
64
0.9564
96.782
2 98
0.8971 99.857
69 31
0.8860 96.765
35
65
0.9580 96.829
l! 99
0.9985 99.927
68 32 0.8885 96.723
34
66
0.9595 96.889
O'lOO
1.0000
67 33 0.8910 96.685
33
67
0.9609 96.967
1
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
45
TABLE
FOR THE MIXING OF ALCOHOL AND WATER BY WEIGHT AT 17°.5 C.
MEISSNER'S Araometrie.
Parts
Alcohol.
Parts
Water.
Specific
Gravity.
Parts
Alcohol.
Parts
Water.
Specific
Gravity.
Parts
Alcohol.
Parts
Water.
Specific
Gravity.
100
0
0.7932
66
34
0.8806
32
68
0.9543
99
1
0.7960
65
35
0.8831
31
69
0.9561
98
2
0.7988
64
36
0.8855
30
70
0.9578
97
3
0.8016
63
37
0.8879
29
71
0.9594
96
4
0.8045
62
38
0.8902
28
72
0.9608
95
5
0.8074
61
39
0.8925
27
73
0.9621
94
6
0.8104
60
40
0.8948
26
74
0.9634
93
7
0.8135
59
41
0.8971
25
75
0.9647
92
8
0.8166
58
42
0.8994
24
76
0.9660
91
9
0.8196
57
43
0.9016
23
77
0.9673
90
10
0.8225
56
44
0.9038
22
78
0.9686
89
11
0.8252
55
45
0.9060
21
79
0.9699
88
12
0.8279
54
46
0.9082
20
80
0.9712
87
13
0.8304
53
47
0.9104
19
81
0.9725
86
14
0.8329
52
48
0.9127
18
82
0.9738
85
15
0.8353
51
49
0.9150
17
83
0.9751
84
16
0.8376
50
50
0.9173
16
84
0.9763
83
17
0.8399
49
51
0.9196
15
85
0.9775
82
18
0.8422
48
52
0.9219
14
86
0.9786
81
19
0.8446
47
53
0.9242
13
87
0.9796
80
20
0.8470
46
54
0.9264
12
88
0.9806
79
21
0.8494
45
55
0.9280
11
89
0.9817
78
22
0.8519
44
56
0.9308
10
90
0.9830
77
23
0.8543
43
57
0.9329
9
91
0.9844
76
24
0.8567
42
58
0.9350
8
92
0.9860
75
25
0.8590
41
59
0.9371
7
93
0.9878
74
26
0.8613
40
60
0.9391
6
94
0.9897
73
27
0.8635
39
61
0.9410
5
95
0.9914
72
28
0.8657
38
62
0.9429
4
96
0.9931
71
29
0.8680
37
63
0.9448
3
97
0.9948
70
30
0.8704
36
64
0.9467
2
98
0.9965
69
31
0.8729
35
•;.-)
0.9486
1
99
0.9982
68
32
0.8755
34
66
0.9505
0
100
1.0000
67
33
0.8781
33
67
0.9524
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
TABLE
OF THE PER CENT OF COMMON SALT (NaCl) IN SOLUTIONS OF 1.001
TO 1.20467 SPECIFIC GRAVITY, AT 18°. 75 C.
MUSPRATT'S Chemie.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent.
1.001
0.1361
1.034
4.7038
.067
9.2055
1.002
0.2731
1.035
4.8417
.068
9.3402
1.003
0.4105
1.036
4.9795
.069
9.4747
1.004
0.5483
1.037
5.1172
.070
9.6091
1.005
0.6863
.038
5.2549
.071
9.7434
1.006
0.8245
.039
5.3925
.072
9.8776
1.007
0.9628
.040
5.5300
.073
10.0117
1.008
1.1013
.041
5.6674
.074
10.1457
1.009
1.2398
.042
5.8047
.075
10.2795
1.010
1.3785
.043
5.9420
.076
10.4132
1.011
1.5172
.044
6.0791
.077
10.5469
1.012
1.6559
.045
6.2161
.078
10.6804
1.013
1.7947
.046
6.3531
.079
10.8137
1.014
1.9335
.047
6.4900
.080
10.9470
1.015
2.0723
.048
6.6267
.081
11.0802
1.016
2.2111
.049
6.7634
.082
11.2132
1.017
2.3499
.050
6.9000
.083
11.3461
1.018
2.4887
.051
7.0364
.084
11.4789
1.019
2.6275
.052
7.1728
.085
11.6116
1.020
2.7662
.053
7.3090
.086
11.7441
1.021
2.9049
.054
7.4452
.087
11.8766
1.022
3.0436
.055
7.5812
.088
12.0089
1.023
3.1823
.056
7.7172
.089
12.1411
1.024
3.3209
.057
7.8530
.090
12.2732
1.025
3.4594
.058
7.9888
.091
12.4052
.026
3.5979
.059
8.1244
.092
12.5370
.027
3.7364
.060
8.2599
.093
12.6687
.028
3.8748
.061
8.3953
.094
12.8004
.029
4.0131
.062
8.5307
.095
12.9318
.030
4.1514
.063
8.6659
1.096
13.0632
.031
4.2896
.064
8.8009
1.097
13.1945
.032
4. 42 7 7
.065
8.9359
1.098
13.3256
.033
4.5658
.066
9.0708
1.099
13.4566
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
47
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent.
Specific
Gravity.
Per cent.
1.100
13.5875
1.136
18.2189
1.171
22.5726
1.101
13.7183
1.137
18.34:>4
1.172
22.6949
1.102
13.8489
1.138
18.4717
1.173
22.8170
1.103
13.9794
1.139
18.5978
1.174
22.9390
1.104
14.1098
1.140
18.7239
1.175
23.0610
1.105
14.2401
1.141
18.8498
1.176
23.1828
1.106
14.3703
1.142
18.9757
1.177
23.3045
.107
14.5003
1.143
19.1014
1.178
23.4260
.108
14.6302
1.144
19.2269
1.179
23.5475
.109
14.7600
1.145
19.3524
1.180
23.6688
.110
14.8897
1.146
19.4777
1.181
23.7900
.111
15.0193
1.147
19.6029
1.182
23.9111
.112
15.1487
1.148
19.7280
1.183
24.0321
.113
15.2780
1.149
19.8530
1.184
24.1530
.114
15.4072
1.150
19.9779
1.185
24.2738
.115
15.5363
1.151
20.1026
1.186
24.3945
.116
15.6653
1.152
20.2272
1.187
24.5150
.117
15.7941
1.153
20.3517
1.188
24.6354
.118
15.9228
1.154
20.4761
1.189
24-7557
.119
16.0514
1.155
20.6004
1.190
24.8759
.120
16.1799
1.156
20.7245
1.191
24.9960
.121
16.3082
1.157
20.8486
1.192
25.1159
.122
16.4365
1.158
20.9725
1.193
25.2358
.123
16.5645
1.159
21.0963
1.194
25.3555
.124
16.6925
1.160
21.2199
1.195
25.4751
.125
16.8204
1.161
21.3435
1.196
25.5947
.126
16.9482
1.162
21.4669
1.197
25.7141
.127
17.0758
1.163
21.5903
1.198
25.8333
.128
17.2033
1.164
21.7135
1.199
25.9525
.129
17.3307
1.165
21.8365
1.200
26.0716
.ISO
17.4579
1.166
21.9595
1.201
26.1905
.131
17.5851
1.167
22.0824
1.202
26.3094
1.132
17.7121
1.168
22.2051
1.203
26.4281
1.133
17.8390
1.169
22.3277
1.204
26.5467
1.134
17.9657
1.170
22.4502
1.20467
26.6261
1.135
18.0924
TABLES
RELATING TO HEAT
HEAT.
51
H S I
o *§
H
II!
1?
:S<~f
II
!l
OOfOOOOOOOOOOOOO(NOOCO
qqq^qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
<?» CN »— IT— li— Irlrlt— I r-iC^C^^Ht— I
COCOCOlOOCOCO'lCCOCCCS-faCOCiOC^CCOJ':
qqqqqqqoq—i— ic^cir-Hqqqqqq
ddo'dddddddddddo'ddddd
'
CT: C5
•^ o
O CO
0
o
<N co cc ^r
GQe4oot^aoaoeoo«oc»«-iC4o»f-4a)
QO>— (COCSiC-rft— t^O^- t^-C^^-^tiOS
q q q
oc co >d
rj< CO CO
qqqqqqioqqqqqqtoq
CO«>.(M(M«Di-HCNO>OtO»Oi-iC»c5o
^ O *t* t~** ^^* ^ f^ CC *f
odocJddo'do'oooooooooooo
-" "
-
s e ^ s e -j. -y P ^ ^ ^ < ^ '^ c ^ '^ ^ c ^
52
HEAT.
TABLE
OF SPECIFIC HEATS OF SOME OF THE MOST COMMON SUBSTANCES.
REONAULT. — Annales de Chimie et de Physique, m., I., p. 172.
Name.
Specific
Heat.
Name.
Specific
Protoxide of Lead, powder.
0.05118
Bisulphide of Iron (Pyrites)
0.13009
" fused
005089
Tin
0.11932
Oxide of Mercury (HgO)
0.05179
" Molybdenum
0.12334
Protoxide of Manganese
0.15701
Subsulphide of Copper
0.12118
Oxide of Copper
0.14201
" Silver
0.07460
Nickel
0.16234
Magnetic Pyrites
0.16023
" " calcined
0.15885
Chloride of Sodium
).21 101
Magnesia
0.24394
Chloride of Potassium
L172M
Oxide of Zinc
0.12480
Subchloride of Mercury
0.05205
Sesquioxide of Iron
0.16695
" Copper
0.13827
Arsenous Acid
0.12786
Chloride of Silver
0.09109
Sesquioxide of Chromium
0.17960
" Barium
0.08570
Oxide of Bismuth
0.06053
" Strontium
0.11990
Teroxide of Antimony
0.09009
" Calcium
0.16420
Corundum
0.19762
Magnesium
0.19460
Sapphire
0.21732
" Lead
0.06641
Stannic Acid
0.09382
" Mercury
0.06889
Titanic- Acid, artificial
0.17164
" Zinc
0.13618
^ rutile
0.17032
" Tin
0.10161
Tungstic Acid
0.07983
" Manganese
0.14255
Molybdic Acid
0.13240
Bichloride of Tin
0.14759
Silica
0.19132
" Titanium
0.19145
Boric Acid
0.23743
Terchloride of Arsenic
). 1 7 1 7S
Magnetic Oxide of Iron
0.16780
" Phosphorus
0.20922
Protosulphide of Iron
0.1 35 7o
Bromide of Potassium
0.11322
Sulphide of Nickel
0.12814
" Silver
0.07391
" Cobalt
0.12512
Sodium
0.13842
" Zinc
0.1 2.°.i >3
" Lead
0.05326
" Lead
0.05086
Iodide of Potassium
0.08191
" Mercury
0.05117
" Sodium
0.08684
Tin
0.08365
Subiodide of Mercury
0.03949
" Antimony
0.08408
Iodide of Silver
0.06159
" Bismuth "
0.06002
Subiodide ol' Copper
0.06869
HEAT.
Name.
Specific
Heat.
Name.
Specific
lleat.
Iodide of Lead
" Mercury
Fluoride of Calcium
Nitrate of Potassium
" Sodium
" Silver
" Barium
Chlorate of Potassium
Pyrophosphate of Potassium 0
" Sodium
" Lead
Metaphosphate of Calcium
Phosphate of Lead
Arseniate of Potassium
Lead
Sulphate of Potassium
" Sodium
" Barium
" Strontium
" Lead
" Calcium
0.04267 Sulphate of Magnesium
0.04197,'Chromate of Potassium
0.21492jBichromate of Potassium
»>.-_':^:.>:Biborate "
0.278211 " Sodium
0.14352 " Lead
0.15228jBorate of Potassium
0.10956 " Sodium
.19102 " Lead
0.22833i Wolfram
O.OS208JZircon
0.19923'Carbonate of Potassium
0.07982 " Sodium
0.1563l[lceland Spar
0.07280'Arragonite
0.1-9010 White Granular Marble
0.231 15 Gray " "
0.1 1285, White Chalk
0.14279 Carbonate of Barium
0.08 723J " Iron
0.19656! " Strontium
,0.22159
10.18505
1018937
'0.21975
0.23823
,0.11409
0.20478
0.25709
0.09046
!0.09780
|0.14558
0.21623
0.27275
jO.20858
0.20850
|0.21585
'0.20989
0.21401
'0.11038
|0.19345
0.14483
LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION.
* FAVRE AND SILBERMAN. — Ann. Chem. Phys. [3] XXXTII. p. 464-470.
t ANDREWS. —Chem. Soc. Qu. Jour. I. p. 27.
Substance.
Latent
heat nf
Vapor.
Substance.
Latent
heat of
Vapor.
Bromine
45.60f
Butvric Acid
114.67*
Terchloride of Phosphorus
51.42J
Acetate of Ethyl
105.80*
Sulphide of Carbon
86.67J
tl (4
92.68f
Bichloride of Tin
3.05J
Acetate of Methyl
110.20J
Alcohol
208.92*
Formate of Etlivl
105.30J
u
202.40f
" Methyl
11 7.1 Of
Methylic Alcohol
263.86*
Iodide of Etlivl
46.87J
u u
263.70f
" Methyl
46.07J
Amylic Alcohol
121.37*
Oxalate of Ethyl
72.72J
Acetic Acid
101.91*
Butvrate of Methyl
87.33*
Formic Acid
120.72*
Ethal
58.44*
Ether
91.11*
Oil of Turpentine
68.73*
M
90.45f
Terebene
67.21*
Amylic Ether
69.40*
Oil of Lemons
70.02*
Valeriauic Acid
103.52*
HEAT.
]
a
10 o "•* r>. o
0 10 CO 0 t-
CO lO »O I- 1O
o >o
QO CM
10 ^H
£
o o" o* d o*
d d
o
S
O CO 0 0 CM
CM CM CM CM Ci
CM CM CM CM rH
CO CO
CM CO
CM CM
1.
?3 3 3 3 3
33
CO CO lO O CO
^H Ci
1
CM CO 0 t^ t^
i-H TH
0 CM
r- 1 •— <
i
OOOC5CO>O'-lC7iO^COO«^-^CO(Mr-i
O O CO CM *O *>• O ^^ CO O^ »-H Ci CO C7i O »O O
CO 0 -*
fM O CM
"? CM O
~
OO<— ii—iiOiOOCOl^-C^-»O»O»O'Oi?kl'7'l(M
CM CO ~t
0 W ,0
O CO *O
•o »o »o
a
r-i^-iOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
000
o o o
S
0 0 GO
O •— i O
§
s
I
2
-H-
1
d 333
3
S,
0 CO
§
OOt-'coOOOOOOOOOiOOOO
r-lrH i-HCM (M-^COCOCO COCOCO CO
iO O 0
^ CO
000
1 + 1+ 14-14-
1
4-
*
O O CO
^ -t CO
^
t^ 0 X)
*-*
cL
odd
03
0 0 >0
^2
<M
I
E
1
3
.333
i.
0 GO
a
QO O t>^
S
777
<
i
i
i
1
J
;c
® I— < *^
cc aJ
c
» "1 3 1 t
^3
^^r
^ PQ ^ W PQ
g *
:-B
ft o
o a
» a
® ti
H j
HEAT. 55
OOCOC^J 00 ^ CO if rH C<l t-- <M
_ CO C5 CO O CO Ci lO CO <?J-»f'MCOC5
O «~- 00 <>» o »o <M t>- o ct r: —c o <M
"MrH-JJ TjH rH <N "^ "^ r-i^-lrHOrH
o ooo o o o oo o'o'ooo
OS 00 rH OOC5 -^COQCCOiM
rH (N C^ i— i rj« C7-r'~TI-t^
0s* C^l (N C^l C^l C^l C^l 'M "M 'M
3333 3 3 3 33 33333
OCOpOCOt^OOC5O-^00(MCO-f'tTfO<M-Hj<COOCOOC(MCiOOOCNpOO
Mr^COO36ocOCi<NOCi^JCOCOCOt>-C5O'— iCOr-iiOOOOOC5Ot~»^tiOO
oo'ooo'o'ooooooooooo'oooooooooooo'oo
333 3 33333
CO
Ot^OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
'^C4 CO COCOC5CO COCOCO COCOCO COCO(M Tf
I + I + I + I +
•s-2 i
a. a
ss o "£
» g I J .««
3 *| ^ c F
I ^ "I "I &
o 7n 3 <yS . i~! g '^ w w
<J O P C^H OPnH^PQ
HEAT.
TABLE
OF SPECIFIC HEATS OF THE MOST COMMON GASES AND VAPORS.
Tlie quantity of heat necessary to raise 1 gramme of water from 0° to V
being unity.
REQNAULT. — Memoires de PAcademie de France, Tome XXVI. pp. 303, 313, 318.
Name.
Equal
Weights.
Equal
Volumes.
Density.
Oxygen
0.21751
0 24049
1.10560
Nitrogen
0.24380
0.23680-
0.97130
Hydrogen
3.40900
0.23590
0.06H20
Chlorine
0.12099
0.29645
2.45020
Bromine vapor
0.05552
0.30400
5.47720
Deutoxide of Nitrogen
0.23170
0.24060
1.03840
Carbonic oxide
0.24500
0.23700
0.96730
Hydrochloric Acid^
0.18520
0.23330
1.25960
Carbonic Acid
0.21G90
0.33070
1.52010
Protoxide of Nitrogen
0.22620
0.34470
1.52410
Vapor of Water
0.48050
0.29890
0.62190
Sulphurous Acid
0.15440
0.34140
2.21130
Hydrosulphuric Acid
Bisulphide of Carbon
0.24320
0.15690
0.28570
0.41220
1.17470
2.62580
Protocarburetted Hydrogen
0.59290
0.32770
0.55270
Chloroform
0.15670
0.64610
4.12440
Bicarburetted Hydrogen
0.40400
0.41600
0.96720
Ammonia
0.50840
0.29960
0.58940
Benzine
0.37540
1.01140
2.69420
Essence of Turpentine
Wood Spirit
0.50610
0.45800
2.37760
0.50630
4.69780
1.10550
Ether
0.47970
1.22660
2.55730
Sulphide of Ethyl
0.40080
1.24660
3.11010
Chloride "
0.27380
0.60960
2.22690
Bromide "
0.18960
0.70260
3.70580
Dutch liquid
0.22930
0.78360
3.11740
Acetone
0.41250
0.82640
2.00360
Acetate of Ethyl
0.40080
1.2J840
3.04000
Chloride of SiliVium
0.13220
0.77780
5.88330
Terchloride of Phosphorus
0.13470
0.63950
4.74640
" Arsenic
0.11220
0.70340
6.26670
Bichloride of Titanium
0.12900
O.S5640
6.64920
Tin
0.09390
0.84160
8.96540
HEAT.
SPECIFIC HEAT OF WATER AND LATENT HEAT OF THE VAPOR OF
WATER.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1' Academic de France, Tome XXI. p. 748.
Tempera
ture meas
ured by the
Air Ther
mometer.
T.
Number of units
of Il.-iit lost by
one Kilogramme
of Witter in pul
ing from T° to 0°.
Q,.
Mean Specific
Heat of Water
between 0° and
T°.
Specific Heat
of Water from
T°toT'+dT°
dQ,
dT
Latent Heat of
the saturated
Vapor at the
Temperature
T.
Total Heat.
o
0
0.000
0.0000
1.0000
606.5
0.0
10
10.002
.0002
1.0005
599.5
609.5
20
20.010
.0005
.0012
592.6
612.6
30
30.026
.0009
.0020
585.7
615.7
40
40.051
.0013
.0030
578.7
618.7
50
50.087
.0017
.0042
571.6
621.7
60
60.137
.0023
.0056
564.7
624.8
70
70.210
.0030
.0072
557.6
627.8
80
80.282
.0035
.0089
550.6
630.9
90
90.381
.0042
.0109
543.5
633.9
100
100.500
.0050
.0130
536.5
637.0
110
110.641
.0058
.0153
529.4
640.0
120
120.806
.0067
.0177
522.3
643.1
130
130.997
.0076
.0204
515.1
646.1
140
141.215
.0087
.0232
508.0
649.2
150
151.462
.0097
.0262
500.7
652.2
160
161.741
.0109
.0294
493.6
655.3
170
172.052
.0121
.0328
486.2
658.3
180
is 2. 3 98
.0133
.0364
479.0
661.4
190
192.779
.0146
.0401
471.6
664.4
200
203.200
.0160
.0440
464.3
667.5
210
213.660
.0174
.0481
456.8
670.5
220
224.162
.0189
.0524
449.4
673.6
230
234.708
.0204
.0568
441.9
676.6
TOTAL HEAT OF VAPORIZATION OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de PAcademie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 9ia
Substance.
oc.
Substance.
°c.
Amylic Alcohol
211.78
Acetate of Ethyl
154.49
Turpentine
139.15
Bisulphide of Carbon
96.80
Essence of Citron
160.49
Alcohol
265.50
Petroleum
194.87
Ether
109.12
Chloride of Ethyl
97.70
Benzine
127.40
Iodide of Ethyl
58.95
Chloroform
76.33
Bromine
50.95
Chlorideof Carbon (CC1J
62.30
Bichloride of tin
46.84
Acetone
153.65
Terchloride of Arsenic
69.74
Water
636.70
Terchloride of Phosphorus
67.24
58
HEAT,
TABLE
OF THE LINEAR EXPANSION OF VARIOUS SOLID BODIES BETWEEN
0° AND 100° C.
Substance.
Expansion.
Observer.
Lead
0.00284836
Lavoisier.
u
0.00271900
Guyton de Morveau.
u
0.00286667
Smeaton.
u
0.00300500
Calvert and Johnson.
Iron, Wrought
0.00122045
Lavoisier and Laplace.
u a
0.00118203
Dulonjx and Petit.
u u
0.00125833
Smeaton.
n it
0.00118700
Calvert and Johnson.
Iron, Wire
0.00123504
Lavoisier.
u u
0.00114010
Borda.
Iron, Cast
0.00111700
Calvert and Johnson.
u u
0.00110940
Roy.
Glass, English flint
0.00081166
• Lavoisier.
" French "
0.00087199
u
" Soft
0.00086100
D along and Petit
u u
0.00083333
Smwiton.
" Tube
0.00077615
Roy.
" " free from Lead
0.00087572
Lavoisier.
it u u u u
0.00091751
u
" Rod
0.00080787
Roy.
Gold, Fine
0.00146606
Lavoisier.
" Paris test unannealed
0.00155155
u
" " " annealed
0.00151361
it
u
u
0.00147500
0.00140100
Guyton de Morveau.
KlHcot,
u
0.00137400
Calvrrt and Johnson.
Copper
0.00171000
Ellin >t.
" Hammered
0.001 72214
Lavoisier.
« u
0.00176900
Calvert and Johnson.
w
0.00171222
Lavoisier.
u
0.00171H22
Dulong and Petit.
" Cast
0.00187900
Calvert and Johnson.
Brass
0.00193332
Smeaton.
HEAT.
59
Substance.
Expansion.
Observer.
Brass Wire
0.00187821
Lavoisier.
u u
0.00188500
Herbert.
" Hammered
0.00182800
Calvert and Johnson.
" Cast
0.00186671
Lavoisier.
U U
0.00193000
Calvert and Johnson.
It
0.00187500
Smeaton.
Palladium
0.00100000
Wollaston.
Platinum
0.00088417
Dulong and Petit.
u
0.00090000
Wollaston.
u
0.00085700
Guyton de Morveau.
((
0.00088100
Calvert and Johnson.
Silver, Cupeled
0.00190974
Lavoisier.
u
0.00198800
Guyton de Morveau.
u
0.00208260
Troughton.
" Cast
0.00199100
Calvert and Johnson.
Steel, Soft
0.00107875
Lavoisier.
u u
0.00115000
Smeaton.
u u
0.00103800
Calvert and Johnson.
" Tempered
0.00140200
u u
u u
0.00136900
Lavoisier.
" Rod
0.00114470
Roy.
Bismuth
0.00139167
Smeaton.
u
0.00134100
Calvert and Johnson.
Zinc, Cast
0.00294167
Smeaton.
U it
0.00305100
Guyton de Morveau.
" Hammered
0.00310833
Smeaton.
u u
0.00219300
Calvert and Johnson.
Tin, Fine
0.00216400
Guyton de Morveau.
u
0.00209300
Herbert.
u
0.00271700
Calvert and Johnson.
" Malacca
0.00193765
Lavoisier.
" Common
0.00248330
Smeaton.
Bronze
0.00181667
u
Alloy 1 Zn 2 Cu
0.00205833
a
Calc-spar in the Chief Axis
0.00286000
Mitsrherlich.
Coal from Oak Wood
0.00120000
P. Henrich.
" Fir «
O.'OOIOOOOO
u
Marble from Carrara
0.00084870
Destigny.
" " St. Beat
0.00041810
u
Phosphorus from 0-39.50°
0.00142455
Erman.
Aluminum
0.00221800
Calvert and Johnson.
Cadmium
0.00332300
u i*
Antimony, Hammered
0.00098500
u «
Speculum Metal
0.00193333
Smeaton.
Antimony
0.00108330
u
Solder, Soft
0.00250533
u
60
HEAT.
TABLE
OF THE CUBICAL EXPANSION OF DIFFERENT SOLID BODIES FOR EACH
INCREASE OF 1° C. OF TEMPERATURE.
KOPP. — Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, LXXXI. 65.
Name of Substance.
Formula.
Coefficient of
Expansion.
Antimony
Sb
0.000033
Bismuth
Bi
0.000040
Cadmium
Cd
0.000094
Copper
Cu
0.000051
Iron
Fe
0.000037
Lead
Pb
0.000089
Sulphur
S
0.000183
Tin
Sn
0.000069
Zinc
Zn
0.000089
Barium, Sulphate
BaO, S03
0.000058
Arragonite
CaO, CO2
0.000065
Dolomite
CaO, C02 + MgO, C02
0.000035
Strontium, Sulphate
SrO, S03
0.000061
Specular Iron Ore
Fe O
0.000040
Iron Pyrites
FeS2
0.000034
Carbonate of Iron, Manganese,
and Magnesia
Fe(Mg,Mn)O,CO,
0.000035
Fluor Spar
CaF
0.000062
Carbonate of Lime, Calc-spar
CaO, CO,
0.000018
Magnetic Iron Ore
FeA
0.000029
Orthoclase
( KO, S5O2 -f
0.000026
( .AlrtV^/o* OOl\_/a
0.000017
Quartz
SiOa
j 0.000042
( 0.000039
Rutile
TiO,
0.000032
Tin Stone
SnOa
0.000016
Zinc Blende
ZnS
0.000036
Hard Potash Glass
0.000021
Soft Soda Glass
0.000026
" " another kind
0.000024
Galena
PbS
0.000068
HEAT.
61
TABLE
OF THE VOLUME OF A GLASS VESSEL WHEN ITS VOLUME AT 15° C.
IS TAKEN AS UNITY.
GERLACH'S Salzlbsungen, p. 115.
VOLUME AT
OC.
0
0.99961210
cc.
23
.00020688
1
0.99963796
24
.00023274
2
0.99966382
25
.00025860
3
0.99968968
26
.00028446
4
0.99971554
27
.00031032
5
0.99974140
28
.00033618
6
0.99976726
29
.0003G204
7
0.99979313
30
.00038790
8
0.99981898
35
.00051720
9
0.99984484
40
1.00064650
10
0.99987070
45
1.00077580
11
0.99989656
50
1.00090510
12
0.99992242
55
1.00103440
13
0.99994828
60
1.00116370
14
0.99997414
65
1.00129300
15
.00000000
70
1.00142230
16
.00002586
75
1.00155160
17
.00005172
80
1.00168090
18
.00007758
85
1.00181020
19
.00010344
90
1.00193950
20
.00012930
95
1.00206880
21
.00015516
100
1.00219810
22
1.00018102
62
HEAT.
TABLE
OF THE EXPANSION OF GLASS.
Calculated from Regnault's data.
JAS T. BROWN. — Jour. Chem. Society, N. S. IV. p. 80.
t' — t
1 + k (t' — t)
t'-t
1 + k (f — t)
t' — t
1 + k (f - t)
35
1.00096
145
1.00421
250
1.007(55
40
1.00110
150
1.00436
255
1.00780
45
1.00124
155
1.00451
260
1.00795
50
1.00138
160
1.00465
265
1.00810
55
1.00151
165
.00480
270
1.00826
60
1.00165
170
.00494
275
1.00841
65
1.00179
175
.00509
280
1.00856
70
1.00193
180
.00523
285
1.00*892
75
1.00207
185
.00551
290
1.00907
80
1.00220
190
.00566
295
1.00929
85
1.00241
195
.00581
300
1.00939
90
1.00255
200
.00596
305
1.00954
95
1.00269
205
.00610
310
1.001)70
100
1.00284
210
.00625
315
1.00985
105
1.00298
215
.00640
320
1.01001
110
1.00312
220
.00655
325
1.01017
115
1.00326
225
.00670
330
1.01032
120
1.00340
230
.00685
335
1.01048
125
1.00355
235
1.00719
310
1.01064
130
1.00369
240
1.00734
345
1.01079
135
1.00392
245
1.00749
350
1.01095
140
1.00407
HEAT.
G3
TABLE
OF THE ABSOLUTE DILATATION OF MERCURY.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de I'Acadeiuie de France, Tome XXI. p. 328.
Difference
between
Tempera
ture by
Air Ther
Dilatation of
Mercury from
0° to T.
Mean Coefficient
of Dilatation from
0° to T.
Real Coefficient
of Dilatation at T.
d A
Temperature
deduced from
; the absolute
Dilatation of
Thermome
ter based on
the absolute
Dilatation o
mometer
* °r
Alercury.
Mercury am
T.
Sr
s
dT
e
the Air Ther
mometer.
(6 - T.)
0
0
0.000000
0.00000000
0.00017905
0.000
0.000
10
0.001792
000017925
0.00017950
9.872
— 0.128
20
0.003590
0.00017951
0.00018001
19.776
—0.224
30
0.005393
0.00017976
0.00018051
29.709
—0.291
40
0.007201
0.00018002
0.00018102
39.668
—0.332
50
0.009013
0.00018027
0.00018152
49.650
—0.350
60
0.010831
0.00018052
0.00018203
59.665
—0.335
70
0.012655
0.00018078
0.00018253
69.713
—0.287
80
0.014482
0.00018102
0.00018304
79.777
—0.223
90
0.016315
0.00018128
0.00018354
89.875
—0.125
100
0.018153
0.00018153
0.00018405
100.000
0.000
110
0.019996
0.00018178
0.00018455
110.153
-f-0.153
120
0.021844
0.00018203
0.00018505
120.333
0.333
130
0.023697
0.00018228
0.00018556
130.540
0.540
140
0.025555
0.00018254
0.00018606
140.776
0.776
150
0.027419
0.00018279
0.00018657
151.044
1.044
160
0.029287
0.00018304
0.00018707
161.334
1.334
170
0.031160
0-00018329
0.00018758
171.652
1.652
180
0.033039
0.00018355
0.00018808
182.003
2.003
190
0.034922
0.00018380
0.00018859
192.376
2.376
200
0.036811
0-00018405
0.00018909
202.782
2.782
210
0.038704
0.00018430
0.00018959
213.210
3.210
220
0.040603
0.00018456
0.00019010
223.671
3.671
230
0.042506
0-00018481
0.00019061
234.154
4.154
240
0.044415
0.00018506
0.00019111
244.670
4.670
250
0.046329
0.00018531
0.00019161
255.214
5.214
260
0.048247
0-00018557
0.00019212
265.780
5.780
270
0.050171
0.00018582
0.00019262
276.379
6.379
280
0.052100
0-00018607
0.00019313
287.005
7.005
290
0.054034
0.00018632
0.00019363
297.659
7.659
300
0.055973
0.00018658
0.00019413
308.340
8.340
310
0.057917
0.00018683
0.00019464
319.048
9.048
320
0.059866
0.00018708
0.00019515
329.786
9.786
330
0.061820
0.00018733
0.00019565
340.550
10.550
340
0.063778
0.00018758
0.00019616
351.336
11.336
350
0.065743
0.00018784
0.00019666
362.160
12.160
HEAT.
TABLE
COMPARING AIR AND MERCURY THERMOMETERS MADE OF DIFFER
ENT KINDS OF GLASS.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1' Academic de France, Tome XXI. p. 239.
Temperature
of Air Ther
mometer.
Temperatures of Mercurial Thermometers.
Crystal from
Choisy-le-Koi.
Common Glass.
Green Glass.
Ilard Swedish
Glass.
0
100
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
110
110.05
109.98
110.03
110.02
120
120.12
119.95
120.08
120.04
130
130.20
129.91
130.14
130.07
140
140.29
139.85
140.21
140.11
150
150.40
149.80
150.30
150.15
160
1G0.52
159.74
160.40
1G0.20
170
170.65
169.68
170.50
170.26
180
180.80
179.63
180.60
180.33
190
191.01
189.65
190.70
190.41
200
201.25
199.70
200.80
200.50
210
211.53
209.75
211.00
210.61
220
221.82
219.80
221.20
220.75
230
232.16
229.85
231.42
230.91
240
242.55
239.90
241.60
241.16
250
253.00
250.05
251.85
251.44
260
263.44
260.20
262.15
270
273.90
270.38
272.50
280
284.48
280.52
282.85
290
295.10
290.80
293.30
300
305.72
301.08
310
816.45
311.45
320
327.25
321.80
330
338.22
332.40
340
349.30
343.00
350
360.50
354.00
HEAT.
G5
TABLE
FOR COMPARISON OF CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETER
SCALES.
Centi
grade.
Fahrenheit.
Centi
grade.
Fahrenheit.
Centi
grade.
Fahrenheit
Centi
grade.
Fahrenheit
-flOO
+212.0
+64
+147.2
+29
+84.2
— 6
+21.2
99
210.2
63
145.4
28
82.4
7
19.4
98
208.4
62
143.6
27
80.6
8
17.6
97
206.6
61
141.8
26
78.8
9
15.8
96
204.8
60
140.0
25
77.0
10
14.0
95
203.0
59
138.2
24
75.2
11
12.2
94
201.2
58
136.4
23
73.4
12
10.4
93
199.4
57
134.6
22
71.6
13
8.6
92
197.6
56
132.8
21
69.8
14
6.8
91
195.8
55
131.0
20
68.0
15
5.0
90
194.0
54
129.2
19
66.2
16
3.2
89
192.2
53
127.4
18
64.4
17
+ 1.4
88
190.4
52
125.6
17
62.6
18
- 0.4
87
188.6
51
123.8
16
60.8
19
2.2
86
186.8
50
122.0
15
59.0
20
4.0
85
185.0
49
120.2
14
57.2
21
5.8
84
183.2
48
118.4
13
55.4
22
7.6
83
181.4
47
116.6
12
53.6
23
9.4
82
179.6
46
114.8
11
51.8
24
11.2
81
177.8
45
113.0
10
50.0
25
13.0
80
176.0
44
111.2
9
48.2
26
14.8
79
174.2
43
109.4
8
46.4
27
16.6
78
172.4
42
107.6
7
44.6
28
18.4
77
170.6
41
105.8
6
42.8
29
20.2
76
168.8
40
104.0
5
41.0
30
22.0
75
167.0
39
102.2
4
39.2
31
23.8
74
165.2
38
100.4
3
37.4
32
25.6
73
163.4
37
98.6
2
35.6
33
27.4
72
161.6
36
96.8
+ 1
33.8
34
29.2
71
159.8
35
95.0
0
32.0
35
31.0
70
158.0
34
93.2
— 1
30.2
36
32.8
69
156.2
33
91.4
2
28.4
37
34.6
68
154.4
32
89.6
3
26.6
38
36.4
67
152.6
31
87.8
4
24.8
39
38.2
66
150.8
+30
+ 86.0
— 5
+ 23.0
_40 —40.0
-|-65
-j-149.0
66
HEAT.
TABLE
FOR THE COMPARISON OF THE FAHRENHEIT AND CENTIGRADE
THERMOMETER SCALES.
Fahrenheit.
Centigrade.
Fahrenheit.
Centigrade.
Fahrenheit.
Centigrade.
+212
+100.00
+174
+ 78.89
+136
+57.78
211
99.44
173
78.33
135
57.22
210
98.89
172
77.78
134
56.67
209
98.33
171
77.22
133
56.11
208
97.78
170
76.67
132
55.55
207
97.22
169
76.11
131
55.00
206
96.67
168
75.55
130
54.44
205
96.11
167
75.00
129
53.89
204
95.55
166
74.44
128
53.33
203
95.00
165
73.89
127
52.78
202
94.44
164
73.33
126
52.22
201
93.89
163
72.78
125
51.67
200
93.33
162
72.22
124
51.11
199
92.78
161
71.67
123
50.55
198
92.22
160
71.11
122
50.00
197
91.67
159
70.55
121
49.44
196
91.11
158
70.00
120
48.89
195
90.55
157
69.44
119
48.33
194
90'. 00
156
68.89
118
47.78
193
89.44
155
68.33
117
47.22
192
88.89
154
67.78
116
46.67
191
88.33
153
67.22
115
46.11
190
87.78
152
66.67
114
45.55
189
87.22
151
66.11
113
45.00
188
86.67
150
65.55
112
44.44
187
86.11
149
65.00
111
43.89
186
85.55
148
64.44
110
43.33
155
85.00
147
63.89
109
42.78
184
84.44
146
63.33
108
42.22
183
83.89
145
62.78
107
41.67
182
83.33
144
62.22
106
41.11
181
82.78
143
61.67
105
40.55
180
82.22
142
61.11
104
40.00
179
81.67
141
60.55
103
39.44
178
81.11
140
60.00
102
38.89
177
80.55
139
59.44
101
38.33
176
80.00
138
58.89
100
37.78
+175
+ 79.44
+137
+58.33
+ 99
+37.22
HEAT.
67
Fahrenheit.
Centigrade.
Fahrenheit.
Centigrade.
Fahrenheit.
Centigrade.
+98
-J-36.67
+51
-flO.55
-M
—15.00
97
36.11
50
10.00
4
15.55
96
35.55
49
9.44
3
16.11
95
35.00
48
8.89
2
16.67
94
34.44
47
8.33
+ 1
17.22
93
33.89
46
7.78
0
17.78
92
33.33
45
7.22
— 1
18.33
91
32.78
44
6.67
2
18.89
90
32.22
43
6.11
3
19.44
89
31.67
42
5.55
4
20.00
88
31.11
41
5.00
5
20.55
87
30.55
40
4.44
6
21.11
86
30.00
39
3.89
7
21.67
85
29.44
38
3.33
8
22.22
84
28.89
37
2.78
9
22.78
83
28.33
36
2.22
10
23.33
82
27.78
35
1.67
11
23.89
81
27.22
34
1.11
12
24.44
80
26.67
33
+ 0.55
13
25.00
79
26.11
32
0.00
14
25.55
78
25.55
31
— 0.55
15
26.11
77
25.00
30
1.11
16
2G.67
76
24.44
29
1.67
17
27.22
75
23.89
28
2.22
18
27.78
74
23.33
27
2.78
19
28.33
73
22.78
26
3.33
20
28.89
72
22.22
25
3.89
21
29.44
71
21. G7
24
4.44
22
30.00
70
21.11
23
5.00
23
30.55
69
20.55
22
5.55
24
31.11
68
20.00
21
6.11
25
31.67
67
19.44
20
6.67
26
32.22
66
18.89
19
7.22
27
32.78
65
18.33
18
7.78
28
;;:;.::;}
64
17.78
17
8.33
29
33.89
63
17.22
16
8.89
30
34.44
62
16.67
15
9.44
31
35.00
61
16.11
14
10.00
32
35.55
60
15.55
13
10.55
33
36.11
59
15.00
12
11.11
34
36.67
58
14.44
11
11.67
35
37.22
57
13.89
10
12.22
36
37.78
56
13.33
9
12.78
37
38.33
55
12.78
8
13.33
38
38.89
54
12.22
7
13.89
39
39.44
53
11.67
+ 6
— 14.44
— 40
—40.00
+52
-f-11.11
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HEAT.
TABLE
OF THE ELEVATION OF THE BOILING POINT BY DISSOLVING SALTS
IN WATER.
LEGRAND. — Annales de Chemie et de Physique.
The salts are nearly all anhydrous.
Name of Salt.
Boiling Point C°.
Proportion of salt
to 100 of Water.
Chloride of Barium
104.40
60.1
Chlorate of Potassium
104.20
61.5
Carbonate of Sodium
104.63
48.5
Phosphate of Sodium
106.60
112.6
Chloride of Potassium
108.30
59.4
Chloride of Sodium
108.40
41.2
Chloride of Ammonium
114.20
88.9
Tartrate of Potassium
114.67
296.2
Nitrate of Potassium
115.90
335.1
Chloride of Strontium
117.85
117.5
Nitrate of Sodium
121.00
224.0
Acetate of Sodium
124.37
209.0
Carbonate of Potassium
135.00
205.0
Nitrate of Calcium
151.00
362.2
Acetate of Potassium
169.00
798.2
Chloride of Lime
179.50
325.0
Nitrate of Ammonia
180.00
Any Amount.
TABLE
OF THE VOLUME OF WATER AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES.
Temperature.
Kopp.
Calculated by Frank-
enheim from Pierre's
formulas.
Depretz. Water
at 4° C = 1.
0
—15
.0037584
10
1.0016851
9
.0014013
1.0016311
8
.0011526
1.0013734
7
.0009355
1.0011354
6
.0007465
1.0009184
5
.0005819
1.0006987
4
.0004382
1.0005619
3
.0003117
1.0004222
2
.0001989
1.0003077
j
.0000962
1.0002138
HEAT.
73
Temperature.
Kopp.
Calculated by Frank-
enheim from Pierre's
formulas.
Depretz. Water
at4°C = l.
o
0
1.000000
1.0000000
1.0001269
+ 1
0.999947
0.9999458
1.0000730
2
0.999908
0.9999094
.0000331
3
0.999885
0.9998878
.0000083
4
0.999877
0.9998820
.0000000
5
0.999883
0.9998903
.0000082
6
0.999903
0.9999148
.0000309
7
0.999938
0.9999524
.0000708
8
0.999986
.0000044
.0001216
9
1.000048
.0000694
.0001879
10
1.000124
.0001482
.0002684
11
1.000213
.0002392
.0003598
12
1.000314
.0003420
.0004724
13
1.000429
.0004557
.0005862
14
1.00055*;
.0005877
.0007146
15
1.000695
.0007275
.0008751
16
1.000846
.0008784
.0010215
17
1.001010
.0010404
.0012067
18
1.001184
.0012132
.0013900
19
1.001370
.0013965
.0015800
20
1.001567
.0015940
.0017900
21
1.001776
.0017997
.0020000
22
1.001995
1.0020108
.0022200
23
1.0022-2.-)
1.0022310
.0024400
24
1.0024G5
1.0024648
.0027100
25
1.002715
.0027075
.0029300
26
.0029588
.0032100
27
.0032211
.0034500
28
.0034944
.0037400
29
.0037758
.0040300
30
1.004064
.0040710
.0043300
35
1.005697
.0056770
.0059300
40
1.007531
1.0075120
.0077300
45
1.009541
1.0095625
.0098500
50
1.011766
1.0118150
.0120500
55
1.014100
1.0143596
.0144500
60
1.016590
1.0171180
.0169800
65
.019302
1.0199465
.0196700
70
.022246
1.0229376
.(•225500
75
.025440
1.0260782
.0256200
80
.028581
1.0293600
.0288500
85
.031894
1.0327692
.0322500
90
.035397
1.0362943
.0356600
95
.039094
1.0399247
.0392500
-j-100
.042986
1.0436490
.0431500
HEAT.
TABLE
OP THE TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL.
Calculated from RcynaulCs data by Bunsen.
Centi
grade.
Tenths of Degrees.
0.0
0.1
0.»
0.3
0.4
o.»
0.6
O.T
0.8
0.9
o
0
mm.
12.73
12.82
12.91
13.01
13.10
13.19
13.28
13.37
13.46
13.56
1
13.65
13.74
13.84
13.93
14.03
14.12
14.22
14.31
14.41
14.50
2
14.60
14.70
14.79
14.89
14.99
15.09
15.19
15.29
15.39
15.49
3
15.59
15.69
15.79
15.90
16.00
16.10
16.21
16.31
16.41
16.52
4
16.62
16.73
16.84
16.95
17.05
17.16
17.27
17.38
17.48
17.59
5
17.70
17.82
17.93
18.04
18.16
18.27
18.38
18.50
18.61
18.73
6
18.84
18.96
19.08
19.20
19.32
19.44
19.56
19.68
19.80
19.92
7
20.04
20.17
20.30
20.43
20.55
20.68
20.81
20.93
21.06
21.19
8
21.31
21.45
21.58
21.72
21.85
21.99
22.12
22.25
22.39
22.52
9
22.66
22.80
22.94
23.08
23.23
23.37
23.51
23.65
23.79
23.:u
10
24.08
24.23
24.38
24.53
24.68
24.83
24.99
25.14
25.29
25.44
11
25.59
25.75
25.91
26.07
26.23
26.39
26.55
26.71
26.87
27.03
12
27.19
27.36
27.53
27.70
27.87
28.04
28.21
28.38
28.55
28.72
13
28.89
29.07
29.25
29.43
29.61
29.79
29.97
30.15
30.23
30.51
14
30.69
30.88
31.07
31.26
31.45
31.64
31.84
32.03
32.22
32.41
15
32.60
32.80
33.01
33.21
33.41
33.61
33.82
34.02
84.22
34.42
16
34.62
34.84
35.05
35.27
35.48
35.70
35.91
36.13
36.34
36.56
17
36.77
37.00
37.23
37.45
37.68
37.91
38.14
38.36
38.59
38.82
18
39.05
39.29
39.53
39.77
40.01
40.25
40.49
40.73
40.97
41.21
19
41.45
41.71
41.96
42.22
42.47
42.73
42.98
43.24
43.49
43.75
20
44.00
44.27
44.54
44.81
45.08
45.35
45.61
45.88
46.15
46.42
21
46.69
46.98
47.26
47.55
47.83
48.12
48.40
48.69
48.97
49.26
22
49.54
49.84
50.14
50.44
50.74
51.04
51.34
51.64
51.94
.V2.LM
23
52.54
52.86
53.17
53.49
53.81
54 12
54.44
54.75
55.07
55.38
24
55.70
56.04
56.37
56.70
57.03
57.37
57.70
58.03
58.36
58.70
25
59.03
59.38
59.73
60.08
60.43
60.78
61.13
61.48
61.83
62.18
26
62.53
62.90
63.27
63.64
64.01
64.37
64.74
65.11
65.48
65.85
27
66.22
66.60
66.99
67.38
67.77
68.15
68.54
68.93
69.31
69.70
28
70.02
70.49
70.89
71.89
71.69
72.09
72.49
72.89
73.29
73.69
29
74.09
74.53
74.96
75.39
75.82
76.25
76.68
77.12
77.55
77.98
30
78.40
HEAT.
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF ALCOHOL.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1' Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 374.
In this and the following Tables of Tensions of Vapor the Temperature
is in degrees of the Air Thermometer.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
0
—20
mm.
3.34
o
20
mm.
44.46
0
60
mm.
350.21
o
95
mm.
1425.13
135
mm.
4964.22
— 15
5.10
25
59.37
65
436.90
100
1697.55
1405674.59
—10
6.47
30
78.52
70
541.15
105
2010.38
1456458.10
— 5
9.09
35
102.91
75
665.54
110
2367.64
150 7318.40
0
12.70
40
133.69
78.26
760.00'
115
2773.40
155
8259.19
-f 5
17.62
45
172.18J 80
812.91
120
3231.73
10
24.23
50
219.90 85
986.40
125
3746.88
15
32.98
55
278.59J 90
1189.30
130
4323.00
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF ETHER.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1' Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 392.
Tem-
pera-
ature
Tension
mm.
68.90
89.31
114.72
146.06
184.39
230.89
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
o
—20
—15
—10
— 5
0
-1-5
0
10
15
20
25
30
34.97
mm.
286.83
353.62
432.78
525.93
634.80
760.00
0
35
40
45
50
55
60
mm.
761.20
907.04
1074.15
1264.83
1481.06
1725.01
o
65
70
75
80
85
90
mm.
1998.87
2304.90
2645.41
3022.79
3439.53
3898.26
0
95
100
105
110
115
120
mm.
4401.81
4953.30
5556.23
6214.63
6933.26
7719.20
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF BISULPHIDE OF CARBON.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1' Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 402.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
o
— 20
—15
—10
— 5
0
+ *
10
15
mm.
47.30
61.64
79.44
101.29
127.91
160.01
198.46
244.13
0
20
25
30
35
40
45
46.20
50
mm.
298.03
361.13
434.62
519.66
617.53
729.53
760.00
857.07
mm.
1001.57
1164.51
1347.52
1552.09
1779.88
2032.53
2311.70
2619.08
o mm.
95 2966.34
1003325.15
1053727.19
1104164.06
1154637.41
1205148.79
1-j:. 5t?99.69
1306291.60
o
135
140
145
150
mm.
6925.90
7603.96
8326.92
9095.94
76
HEAT.
TENSIOX OF THE VAPOR OF CHLOROFORM.
REGNAULT.— Memoires de 1' Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 415.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tcm-
JM IM-
ture.
Tension.
T«M11-
]>cni-
ture.
Tension.
Tem-
]>tT;i-
ture.
Tension.
+20
25
30
35
40
45
50
mm.
160.47
200.18
247.51
303.49
369.26
446.01
535.05
0
55
60
60.16
65
70
75
80
mm.
637.71
755.44
760.00
889.72
1042.11
1214.20
1407.64
0
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
mm.
1624.10
1865.22
2132.85
2428.54
2754.03
3110.99
3501.03
0
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
mm.
3925.74
4386.60
4885.10
5422.53
6000.16
6619.20
7280.62
0
155
160
165
mm.
7985.35
8734.20
1)527.82
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF BENZINE.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 428.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
-20
mm.
5.79
0
20
mm.
75.65
o
60
mm.
390.10
0
95
mm.
1167.46
0
135
mm.
3158.51
—15
8.82
25
95.91
65
463.43
100
1340.05
140
3520.73
—10
12.92
30
120.24
70
547.42
105
1531.83
145
3912.11
— 5
18.33
35
149.26
75
643.18
110
17-4 1.12
150
4333.71
0
25.31
40
183.62
80
751.86
115
1978.22
+ 5
34.17
45
224.06
80.36
760.00
120
2235.44
10
45.25
50
271.37
85
874.63
125
2517.06
15
58.93
55
326.41
90
1012.75
130
2824.35
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CHLORIDE OF CARBON, (C,C18).
REGXAULT. — Memoirea de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 439.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem-
]HT;I-
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
o
—20
9.80
0
25
mm.
114.30
o
70
mm.
621.15
o
110
mm.
1887.44
o
155
mm.
5010.21
—15
13.55
30
142.27
75
725.66
115
2129.15
160
5513.14
—10
18.47
35
175.55
76.5
760.00
120
2393.67
165
6053.83
— 5
24.83
40
214.81
80
£48.29
125
2682.41
170
6634.37
0
32.95
45
260.82
85
975.12
130
2!>!M;.SS
175
7256.87
+ 5
43.19
50
314.38
90
1122.2(5
1 35
8338.56
180
7923.55
10
55.97
55
376.29
95
1286.86
140
8709.04
1 s:>
8636.78
15
71.73
60
447.43
100
1467.09
145
4109.99
190
9399.02
20
90.99
65
528.74
105
1667.19
150
4543.13
HEAT.
77
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CHLORIDE OF ETHYL.
REGXAULT. — Memoires de r Acaclomia de France, Tome XXVI. p. 446.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
o
—30
—25
—20
—15
—10
— 5
mm.
110.24
145.01
187.85
239.60
302.09
376.72
0
0
+ 5
10
12.5
15
20
mm
465.18
569.32
691.11
760.00
832.56
996.23
0
25
30
35
40
45
50
mm.
1184.17
1398.99
1643.24
1619.58
2230.71
2579.40
o
55
60
65
7o
75
80
mm.
2668.43
3400.54
3878.52
4405.03
4982.72
5614.11
o
85
90
95
100
mm.
6301.61
7n47.f)l
7853.92
8722.76
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF BROMIDE OF ETHYL.
REGXAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 453.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
0
—30
mm.
32.18
10
mm.
257.40
0
45
uim.
947.28
o
85
mm.
3000.63
0
1 •_>:>
mm.
7362.25
— «
44.06
15
316.92
50
1112.79
90
3398.95
130 8116.49
—20
59.16
20
387.03
55
1300.35
95
3835.53
i:::> 8921.92
—15
78.09
25
469.07
60
1511.92
100
4312.32
140
9779.56
—10
101.54
30
564.51
65
1749.47
105
4831.22
— 5
130.58
35
674.92
70
2015.06
110
5394.01
0
665.57
83.37
760.00
75
2310.73
115
6002.41
±_t
207.21
40
801.92
80
2638.57
120
6658.00
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF IODIDE OF ETHYL.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 456.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
0
0
mm.
41.95
o
15
mm.
87.64
o
30
mm.
169.07
0
45
mm.
803.77
0
60
mm.
512.2.")
1.-)
54.14
20
110.02
35
207.09
50
364.00
10
69.20
25
136.95
40
251.73
55
433.21
78
HEAT.
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF WOOD SPIRIT.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 460.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
o
85
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
0
—30
mm.
2.G7
0
10
mm.
50.13
o
50
mm.
381.68
nun.
1470.92
o
125
mm.
4980.55
—25
4.14
15
67.11
55
472.20
90
1741.67
130
5691.30
—20
6.27
20
88.67
60
579.93
95
2051.71
135
6479.32
—15
9.29
25
115.99
65
707.33
100
2405.15
140
7337.10
—10
13.47
30
149.99
66.78
760.00
105
2806.27
145
8308.87
— 5
19.17
35
192.01
70
857.10
110
3259.60
150
9361.35
0
26.82
40
243.51
75
1032.14
115
3769.80
Jtj
36.89
45
306.13
80
1238.47
120
4341.77
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF ACETONE.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 472.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
+20
25
30
35
40
45
mm.
179.63
226.27
281.00
345.15
420.15
507.52
50
55
56.3
60
65
mm.
602.86
7-25.95
760.00
SCO.-! 8
1014.32
o
70
75
80
85
00
mm.
1189.38
1387.62
1611.05
1861.81
2141.66
o
95
100
105
110
115
mm.
2452.81
2797.27
3177.00
3593.96
4050.02
0
120
125
130
135
1-iO
mm.
4546.86
5086.25
5669.72
6298.68
6974.43
TENSION OF THK VAPOR OF BROMIDE OF ETIIYLENE.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 468.
Tem
Tc-m-
Tem-
Tern-
Tem-
pera
Tension.
}»••:•:•>- Tension.
]UT;I-
Tension.
pera-
Tension.
perft-
Tension.
ture.
tu re.
ture.
ture.
ture.
-2.-,
nun
1.55
o
30
mm.
17.20
o
85
mm.
172.92
o
135
mm.
833.26
o
190
mm.
3020.83
—20
1.73
85
21.80
90
206.58
140
953.00
1,95
3833.45
—15
2.03
•JO
27.49
95
245.51
145
1085.89
200
8668.86
—10
•!.">
34.47
100
290.48
150
1282.88
205
4026.25
— 5
3.0!)
50
4 •_>.!)!>
105
342.11
155
1394.78
210
4407.52
0
;;.!»2
:>.';
53.31
•no
401.08
160
1572.49
215
4812.84
-M
5.01
GO
<;:>.:;>
115
468.13
165
1766.99
220
5242.61
10
6.42
65
80.64
120
;,i t.06
170
1979.14
22.-)
5597.17
15
8.25
7o
9s.;5<;
125
629.66
175
22<>M.77
230
6176.87
20
10.57
::> HD.34
130
7 2:». 7 7
180
8459.78
235
6681.92
25
13.51
80 141.02
131.6
760.00 185
2729.84
240
7212.51
HEAT.
79
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CHLORIDE OF SILICON (SiCl2).
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 47G.
Tem
Tem
Tem
Tem
Tem
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension.
pera- Tension.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture. 1
o
mm.
0
mm.
0
mm.
0
mm.
o i mm.
—23
19.66
— 5
60.52
15
157.74
35
356.83
55 1 715.44
—20
26.49
0
78.62
20
195.86
40
429.08
56.81 ! 760.00
—15
35.28
+ 5
99.59
25
241.15
45
512.32
60 837.23
—10
46.46
10
125.90
30
294.49
50
607.46
65 I 973.74
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF TERCHLORIDE OF PHOSPHORUS.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 478.
Tem
Tem
Tem
Tem
Tem
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension.
po r;i-
Tension.
pera
Tension.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
0
mm.
37.98
o
20
mm.
100.55
0
40
mm.
233.78
o
55
mm.
408.46
o
70
mm.
674.23
+ 5
49.09
25
125.59
45
283.46
60
485.63
73.80
760.00
10
62.88
30
155.65
50
341.39
65
573.86
::>
787.61
15
79.85
35
191.45
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF TERCIILORIDE OF BORON.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 480.
Tem
pera
ture.
0
—30
Tension.
Tem
pi1 ra-
turo.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem-
l»«-ra-
ture.
Tension.
mm.
98.25
— 5
mm.
310.30
18.23
mm.
760.00
40
mm.
1535.25
6?5
mm.
3010.24
—•2.")
125.68,
0
381.32
20
807.50
45
l 775.69
70
3392.12
—20
—15
159.46
200.69
4-5
10
465.03
562.94
25
30
957.29
1127.50
50
55
2042.25
2336.17
75
80
3804.79
4 24*. 28
—10
250.54
15
676.57
35
1319.66
60
2658.52
85
4720.11
80
HEAT.
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CHLORIDE OF CYANOGEN.
REQNAULT. — Memoires de 1> Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 484.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem-
perfr
ture.
Tension.
0
—30
—25
—20
—15
—10
mm.
68.30
103.38
148.21
203.58
270.51
o
— 5
0
+ 5
10
12.G6
mm.
350.20
444.11
553.99
681.92
760.00
0
15
20
25
30
35
mm.
830.30
1001.87
1199.76
1427.43
1688.74
o
40
45
50
55
60
mm.
1987.96
2329.77
2719.29
3162.11
3664.24
0
65
70
75
mm.
4232.24
4873.19
5594.58
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF OIL OF TURPENTINE.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1' Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. G01.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem-
|mra-
ture.
Tension.
mm.
26.46
40.64
61.30
90.61
131.11
185.62
Tem
pera
ture.
1 Tern-
Tension, pcr.-i-
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
0
10
20
30
40
50
mm.
2.07
2.94
4.45
6.87
10.80
16.98
o
60
70
80
90
100
110
o
120
130
140
150
155
159.2
mm. | 0
257.21] 160
348.98 165
464.021 170
605.20 175
686.37j 180
760.00 185
mm.
775.09
871.27
975.42
1090.11
1207.92
1336.45
0
190
195
200
mm.
1 173.24
1618.26
1771.47
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF SULPHUR.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 530.
Tem
Tem
Tem
T.-m-
Tem-
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension.
piTH-
Tension.
IMTH-
Tension.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ttire.
turr.
0
390
mm.
272.31
430
mm.
560.98
0
470
mm.
1<H;;U7
510
mm.
1871.57
0
550
mm.
3086.51
400
328.98
•1 10
663.11
480
1232.70
520
2133.80
5«!0 .W5.33
410
395.20
450
779.89
490
1422.88
530
2421.97
570 US77.0S
420
472.11
460
912.74
500
1635.32
540
2739.21
1
HEAT.
81
TENSION" OF THE VAPOR OF SULPHUROUS ACID.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 590.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
o
—30
—25
—20
—15
10.08
mui.
287.47
373.79
479.46
607.90
760.00
o
—10
— 5
0
-(-.5
mm.
762.48
946.90
1165.06
1421.14
o
10
15
20
25
mm.
1799.55
2064.90
2462.05
2915.97
o
30
35
40
45
mm.
3431.80
4014.78
4670.28
5403.52
0
50
55
60
65
mm.
6220.01
7125.02
8123.80
9221.40
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF OXIDE OF METHYL.
REGNAULT. —Memoires de I'Acaddmie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 593.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
o
—30
mm.
576.54
o
—20
mm.
882.00
o
—5
mm.
1572.51
o
10
mm.
2628.97
0
25.
mm.
4151.00
—25
716.08 — 15
1077.67
0
1879.02
15
3079.80
30
4777.99
23.65
760.00
—10
1306.63
+5
2229.93
20 3586.01
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CHLORIDE OF METHYL.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 595.
Tem
Tern- |
Tem
Tem
1 Tern-
pera
Tension.
pera-
Tension.
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension. ; pera-
Tension.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
j ture.
o
—30
mm.
578.99
0
—20
mm.
888.25
o
— 5
mm.
157JS.70
o
10
mm. I o
2663.81 2:>
mm.
4267.40
—25
717.76
—15
1079.20
0
1891.00
15
3134.10. 30
4940.46
23.731 760.00
—10 ,1309.61
+ 5
2251.08
20
3666.95! 35
5691.08
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF AMMONIA.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 607.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
-38?5
—30
—25
—20
— 15
—10
760.00
866.09
1104.28
1392.13
1736.48
2144.62
0
— 5
0
+ 5
10
15
20
mm
2624.22
3183.34
3830.34
4574.03
5423.40
G3S7.78
Q
25
30
35
40
45
50
mm.
7477.00
8700.97
10070.18
11595.30
13287.31
15158.33
o
55
60
65
70
75
80
mm.
17219.78
19482.10
21965.13
24675.55
27629.98
30843.09
85
90
95
100
mm.
34330.87
38109.22
42195.71
46608.24
82
HEAT.
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1'Academie de France, Tome XXVI. p. 616.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
0
35
40
45
50
Tension.
ii.in.
20224.31
22582.46
24954.26
27814.77
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
0
-61.8
—25
—20
—15
—10
inm.
760.00
8749.33
4438.45
5196.52
6084.57
o
— 5
0
+ 5
10
mm.
7066.03
8206.29
9490.80
10896.32
0
15
20
25
30
nun.
12447.94
14151.51
16012.39
18035.35
o
55
60
65
70
mm.
30690.69
33740.16
;}<;!><; i.f>r,
40353.25
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF CARBONIC ACID.
REGNAULT. —Memoires de 1' Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 625.
Tem
Tem
Tem
Tem
Tem-
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension.
pera
Tension.
pt-ru-
Tension.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
o
78.2
mm.
760.00
—10
in in.
20340.20
+°«
mm.
30753.80
o
20
mm.
44716.58
0
:;:,
mm.
62447.30
—25
13007.02
— 5 23441.34
10
34998.65
25
50207.32
40 69184.45
— 20 15142.44
0 26906.60
15
39646.86
30
56119.05
45
73314.60
— 1511 7582.48
I
TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF PROTOXIDE OF NITROGEN.
REGNAULT. — Memoirea de 1' Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 631.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
Tem
pera
ture.
Tension.
0
87.9
—2.-»
—20
mm.
760.00
15694.88
17586.58
o mm.
—15 i9»;s.j.:i:i
— 1<) -22008.05
— * 5 24579.20
o mm.
027420.97
-f- 530558.64
1031019.09
o
18
20
25
mm.
37831.66
42027.88
46641.40
o
30
35
40
mm.
51708.55
57268.08
63359.78
NOTE. — Tables for tension of vapor of Water and Mercury will be
found in the next section.
HEAT.
83
TABLE
OF UNITS OF HEAT EVOLVED BY THE COMBINATION OF EQUIVA
LENTS, IN GRAMMES, OF SOME OF THE ELEMENTS.
TJie quantity of Heat necessary to raise 1 gramme of Water at 0° C. one
degree, being unity. Hydrogen = 1. Those marked F. S. are by Favre
and Silbermann, A. by Andrews. Those marked * were calculated, the
others observed.
MILLER. — Chem. Physics, p. 309.
Elements.
Observers.
Oxygen.
Chlorine.
Bromine.
Iodine.
Sulphur.
Hydrogen
F. S.
34462
23783
*9322
*3606
*2741
Carbon
F. S.
24240
Sulphur
F. S.
17780
Phosphorus
A.
36072
Potassium
A.
104476
u
F. S.
*100960
*90188
*77268
*45638
Sodium
F. S.
94847
Zinc
A.
42282
50658
40640
26617
u
F. S.
*42451
*50296
*20940
Iron
A.
33072
32695
23833
8046
u
•F. S.
*37828
*49651
*17753
Tin
A.
33519
*31722
Arsenic
A.
24992
Antimony
Copper
Dulong
Dulong
47000
19152
A 30401
30404
it
F. S.
*21885
»89524
*9133
Lead
F. S.
*27»}75
*44730
*32802
*23208
*9556
Silver
F. S.
*6113
*34800
*25618
*18651
*5524
84
HEAT.
HEAT EVOLVED DURING COMBUSTION IN OXYGEN.
Heat unit = 1 gramme of water at 0° C. raised 1°.
MILLER. — Chem. Physics, p. 299.
"•ibstance burned.
Heat units
evolved by
combustion
of 1 gramme
of substance.
Heat units
evolved by
combination
of 1 gramme
of Oxygen.
Heat units
evolved by
S trnmnm's
(leqt.)of
Oxygen.
Com
pound
formed.
Observers.
Hydrogen
34462
4307
34462
HO
F. & S.*
a
34743
4343
34743
tt
Dulong
Carbon
8080
3030
24240
C02
F. & «:
u
7912
6967
23736
tt
Despretz
Sulphur
2220
2220
17760
SO3
F. & S.
u
2307
2307
18456
it
Andrews
it
2601
2601
20808
tt
Dulong
Phosphorus
5747
4509
36072
P06
Andrews
u
5669
4394
35148
tt
Abria
Zinc
1301
5285
42282
ZnO
Andrews
n
1298
5273
42185
tt
Dulong
Iron
1576
4134
33072
Fe304
Andrews
u
1702
4340
34720
tt
Dulong
Cobalt
1080
3995
31960
?
tt
Nickel
1006
3723
29784
NiO
tt
Tin
1233
4545
36360
Sn02
it
tt
1144
4230
33519
tt
Andrews
Antimony
961
5875
47000
SbO4
Dulong
Copper
G02
2394
19152
CuO
Andrews
tt
632
2512
20096
tt
Dulong
Carbonic Oxide
2634
4609
36876
coa
u
u u
2431
4258
34034
tt
Andrews
tt u
2403
4205
33642
tt
F. &S.
Protoxide of Tin
534
4473
35784
SnO,
Dulong
u u
521
4349
34792
tt
Andrews
Suboxide of Copper
It it
256
244
2288
2185
18304
17480
CuO
tt
tt
Dulong
Cyanogen
5195
4221
33768
a
tt
Marsh Gas
13063
3266
26128
F. & S.
it tl
13185
3296
26368
Dulong
Olefiant Gas
11942
3483
27864
Andrews
it tt
11858
3458
27664
F. &S.
tt tt
12030
3514
28112
Dulong
Alcohol
6909
3311
26488
it
tt
6850
3282
26256
Andrews
u
7183
3442
27536
F. &S.
Ether
9027
3480
27840
tt
Olive Oil
9862
Dulong
Oil of Turpentine
10852
3294
26352
F. & S.
Bisulphide of Carbon
3401
2692
21536
ti
* F. & S., Favre and Silbermann.
HEAT.
85
QUANTITIES OF HEAT DISENGAGED BY THE ACTION OF BROMINE
AND IODINE.
MILLER. — Chem. Physics, p. 300.
Elements.
Heat units
evolved by
combination
of I gramme
of the sub
stance.
Heat units
evolved by
combination
of 1 gramme
of Iodine or
Bromine.
Heat units
evolved by
combination
of 1 eqt. of
Bromine or
lodiiie.
Com
pound
pro
duced.
Observer.
Bromine.
Zinc
Iron
1269
1277
508
298
40640 jZnBr 1 Andrews
23833 ]Fe2Br3| "
Iodine.
Zinc
Iron
819
463
209
63
26617
8046
Znl
Fe^
Andrews
u
QUANTITIES OF HEAT DISENGAGED BY THE ACTION OF CHLORINE.
MILLER. — Chem. Physics, p. 300.
Elements.
Heat units
evolved by
combination
of 1 gramme
of the Ele
ment.
Heat unite
evolved by
combination
of 1 gramme
of Chlorine.
Heat units
evolved by
combination
of 1 eqt. of
Chlorine.
Com
pound
pro
duced.
Observer.
Hydrogen
24087
678
24087
HC1
Abria
u
237S3
670
23783
u
F. &S.
Phosphorus
Potassium
3422?
2655
607
2943
21o48
104476
PCI. ?
KC1
Andrews
u
Zinc
1529
1427
50658
ZnCl
u
Iron
1745
921
32095
Fe,d3
u
Tin
1079
897
31722
Sn'CL,
14
Antimony-
707
860
30401
SbCl3
U
Arsenic
994
704
24992
AsCl,
u
Copper
961
859
30494
CuCl
u
Mercury
?
822
29181
?
u
8G
CASES.
I I 3
^
2 ^
^ W
8 I
i
I
0 0
CM O
!>• -^
t- CO
CO
I
O 3
CM CO
t- -f
OO CO
CO
CO
Oi
0
OS
-w
0 CO
00 O
1- 05
r-> CS
I— 1
CO
0
r- \
CM
CM
Oi
1
CM 0
CO 1C
2 S
I—I f— 1
<N
T-t
OS
}!
10 0
o oo
CM O
I— ( 1— 1
T-H
>— 1
CM
oo
CS
OS
rf
d
c
S
O O CO O
•^ GO CO CO
O .-i CO O
i— 1 i— 1 rH
O t>. 0
o o o
CO CO CO
O OO Ci
»— 1
1
J
H
0000
^0-^0
Til O 00 t»
Tt co CM t»
00 0
t^ CM 05
t^ CO rH
0
r- 1
1
II
0 0 CO 0
cj o t^ o
CC C5 O OJ
"^ CO CO (M
o o co o o
0 0 CO 00
CM <M O «"• -t1
OS O O O
~t o o o
CO CM O CM
CM rH TH f-l
J
a
0 0 CO 0
<-H O -OO O
OOOCOOJt^OO
OOO'MiOOiOO
O O O O »O O t^ O
*
f
S S S T?
T^CO-fiOiO'O-^f-^f
COCOCO CMfMCMCOCM
««
OQ
EM
IN
CO O O O
oo o .-H o
COOOOCOOQOOO
COOOO>Oi— IO5OO
COCO OOiOOOOO
iO«^- OOGMOiOO
f£'S
CO 0 10 ^t
t^^,^^oiOiO-t^
-rco cocococococo
i
0) CO
CO CO CO CO
o£j o^J (>^j o(5
CO* CO* CO CO CO
o
PH<5fe^
^<-^^fefefe^<5
fe^^^p^
5
o .
"C
,~ -. O
^3 5 "*
o o
•s 1 1.8
2 a-5 ^^
^ B g3 £'g^ ^
1 eU UU S2
5 <JB KK 6
o o
•al l-.g 1
'ir^l'i
TABLES
FOR GAS ANALYSIS
GASES. 89
FORMULAS
FOR THE WEIGHTS, VOLUMES, AND DENSITIES OF GASES.
Volume of a gas at 0° C. and 760 mm. when its volume at a given tem
perature and pressure is known.
F°— V 1 * - —
' 1 + 0.00367* A 760*
F° = volume at 0° C. 760 mm.,
V = the observed volume,
h = " " pressure in mm. of mercury reduced to 0° C.
Density at 0° C. and 760 mm. when the density at a given temperature
and pressure is known.
760
D° = D' (1 + 0.00367 0 -A- .
D° = density at 0° C. and 760 mm.,
D'- = observed density.
To determine the density of a gas or vapor by Gay-Lussac's method.
w
=
w = the weight of the vapor,
V = the observed volume,
Ji = " « pressure in mm. of mercury at 0° C.,
t = temperature of the vapor,
0.001293 = weight of 1 cubic centimetre of air at 0° C. and 760mm.
To determine the density of a vapor by Dumas's method.
W'— (W — tr)
When there is an air bubble
0.001293 (F-OX 4*
90 GASES.
In which formulas
- 0.001293
<»' = °-0012D3 <v~ n 1 + 0.00367 r x |o-
• fv -r"\ !.' 7i"
k ) ~~ x
w =•• weight of air in balloon when first weighed,
w = weight of air bubble,
v = volume of air bubble.
W = weight of balloon filled with air,
t = temperature at moment of weighing,
h' = the height of the barometer,
t' = temperature at moment of sealing,
7i = height of barometer at moment of sealing,
W = weight of balloon filled with vapor,
V = capacity of balloon in cubic centimetres,
F = the volume of water or mercury which enters the balloon.
( F — V) = volume of air bubble,
/" = the temperature during this determination,
h" = pressure on enclosed bubble of air.
In almost all cases the factors into which the pressures enter may be
neglected, since they may be regarded as constant during the experiment.
If the expansion of the glass is allowed for, the formula becomes
W'— (W — iv) — TO'
0.0012932 ( Va - «» - X
In which, a = 1 -f k (C — *"), k being the coefficient of expansion of the
glass.
The above formula may be written
W — W -f (-1 X V x '0_^iOLX (F— F) X*")
j>a - ( I' - I") D 0' — O £j A' X h
0.0012932 0.00367
760(1~+OT003670 ' - «= i _|_ 0.0036 7 t" '
GASES. 91
0.0012932
= 760(1 -f- 0.003670*
Which values will be found in the tables. Generally -p and a may be
neglected, as they are very small.
Deville and Troost use the following constants in determining vapor
densities.
oc.
Vapor of Boiling Mercury 350
" " " Sulphur 440
« « " Cadmium 860
" " " Zinc 1040
The foregoing formulas by the use of logarithms become
For volume of a gas
Log v = Log r + Log rr^sgjfc + Log 4
For ^S8 of 1 + 0.00367* and Lo'° 7SO SCe Tables'
For weight
Log weight = Log w + Log V + Log ^^ + Log m
w = weight of one cubic centimetre of the gas. (Page 93.)
For the density of a gas at 0° C. and 760 mm.
Log D° = Log D' -f- Log (1 -f 0.00367 ?) -{- Log 760 — Log h,
Log 760 = 2.88081.
For the density of a vapor by Gay-Lussac's method
r / 1
Log D = Log w — I Log 0.001293 -}- Log V -|- Log ( —
.OO1293 = 7.11166.
92 GASES.
For the density of a vapor by Dumas's method
LogD = Log[TF— (TF— «?)]- ^Log 0.001293 + Log V
+ L°S (f+0700367?) + L°S (4)] '
When there is an air bubble
Log D = Log[TF— (TF— M>) — w'J — |~Log 0.001293 + Log (V—vf)
l + 0.00867
Log «,' = Log 0.001293 + Log (F- F) + Log (1 + 0o0367r)
Log «' = Log ( F — V) + Log (1 + 0.00367 (') + Log V
+ L°s (1 + 0.00367 r) + Log (T) '
In most cases it will be sufficient to take the value of h to the nearest
millimetre.
CASKS.
93
3 i
.% a
fj
J*
*i
Eill 1
i?
t^ 00 t*- <M rt
o •
ex) t^ co o ft
I-l s
i-> O — GO -*
°i
r: X 0 -fj t>.
'M O (M u-: Ci
ffl »-•?
i-^ O ^— »— • »— 4
fo
o o o o o
0000 0
d d d d d
& ~8.
0 T-I O Ci O
d eo S
t>- CO l>- CO •— i
r- 0 t^
*ot 3
CO CO CO CO ^^"
1- - -/•
00 C 3-
CO CO CO CO CC
r: re r:
1? ^
0 0 O O O
O 0 O
I§ |«
1C t^ 00 t-00
CO 10 Ci
| ||
CC CO ^O CC CO
co oo oo
CO CO CO
I *£
O 0 0 0 O
O 0 O
t>- 00 t>. C^ ^
. a
00 t^ CO O r-(
n|
cc c; co cs t^
Ci QC 1C 'M t^
|d
04 0 <M m Ci
t^ "^
§000 o
? ^
000 0
^* o3
dodo d
1
2
_j O
0 CO 0 0 1-1
78
O <M O • «>• O
O c: (M O Ci
•
O cc r^ o (M
.—
O O C5 i-H 1O
1
i-H O O r-J rH
c
1
3?
O rt
Q
Is fl.s '
s § g
- *- fcf
4itt\
x 3 c
l^c^O
94
GASES.
LOGARITIIMS OF —
Centi
metres.
Millimetres.
0
1
a
3
1
0
7.11919
7.42022
7.59631
7.72125
1
8.11919
8.16058
8.19837
8.23313
£.26531
2
.42022
.44141
.46161
.48091
.49940
3
.09631
.61055
.62434
.63770
.650ti7
4
.72125
.73197
.74244
.75265
.76264
5
.81816
.82676
.83519
.84346
.85158
6
.89734
.90452
.91158
.91853
.92537
7
.96428
.97043 .
.97652
.9S251
.98841
8
9.02228
9.02767
9.03300
9.03 S 2 •>
9.04346
9
.07343
.07823
.08297
.08769
.09231
10
.11919
.12351
.12779
.13202
.13622
11
.16058
.16451
.16840
.17226
.I7(»o<)
12
.19837
.20197
.80555
.20909
.21261
13
.23313
.23646
.23976
.24304
,24629
14
.26531
.26841
.27147
.27452
.'-'7755
15
.29528
.29816
.30103
.30388
.30671
16
.32331
.32601
.32870
.33137
.33403
17
.34964
.35218
.35471
.35723
.35974
18
.37446
.37687
.37926
.38164
.38400
19
.39794
.40022
.40249
.40474
.40699
20
.42022
.42238
.42454
.42668
.42882
21
.441 11
.44347
. ! 1552
.44757
.44960
22
.46161
.46358
.46554
.46749
.46943
23
.48091
.48280
.48467
.48654
.48840
24
.49940
.50120
.50300
.50479
.50658
25
.51713
.51886
.52059
.52231
.52402
2G
.53416
.53583
.53749
.53914
.54079
27
.55 05 5
.55216
.55370
.55535
.55694
28
.56634
.56789
.56944
.57097
.57250
29
.58158
.58308
.58157
.58605
.58753
30
.59631
.59775
.59919
.60063
.60206
31
.61055
.61195
.61334
.61473
.61612
32
.62434
.62569
.62704
.62839
.62973
33
.63770
.63901
.64032
.64163
.64293
34
.65067
.65194
.65321
.65448
.65574
GASES.
'J5
FROM h = 1 TO h = 699.
Centi
metres.
Millimetres.
5
6
7
8
•
0
7.81816
7.89734
7.96428
8.02228
8.07343
1
8.29538
8.32331
8.34964
.37446
.19794
2
.51713
.53416
.55055
.56634
.58158
3
.66325
.67549
.68739
.69897
.71096
4
.77240
.78194
.79128
.80043
.80938
5
.85956
.86737
.87506
.88261
.89004
6
.93210
.93873
.94526
.95169
.95804
7
.99425
9.00000
9.00568
9.01128
9.01681
8
9.04860
. .05368
.05871
.06367
.06858
9
.09691
.10145
.10596
.11041
.11482
10
.14038
.14449
.14857
.15261
.15661
11
.17988
.18364
.18737
.19107 •
.19473
12
.21610
.21956
.22299
.22640
.22978
13
.24952
.25273
.25591
.25907
.26220
14
.28055
.28354
.28650
.28945
.29237
15
.80952
.31231
.31509
.31784
.32058
16
.33667
.33929
.34190
.34450
.34707
17
.36222
.36470
.36716
.36961
.37204
18
.38636
.38870
.39103
.39334
.39565
19
.401)22
.411 44
.41365
.41585
.41804
20
.43094
.43305
.43516
.4372.-)
.43933
21
.45162
.45364
.45565
.45764
.45963
22
.47137
.47329
.47521
.47712
.47902
23
.49025
.49210
.49393
.49576
.49758
24
.50835
.51012
.51188
.51364
.51539
25
.52573
.527!:?
.52912
.53081
.53249
26
.54243
.54407
.54570
.54732
.54894
27
.55852
.56010
.56167
.56323
.56479
28
.57403
.57555
.57707
.57858
.58008
29
.58901
.59048
.59194
.59340
.59486
30
.60349
.60491
.60632
.60774
.60914
31
.61750
.61887
.62025
.62161
.62298
32
.63107
.63240
.63373
.63506
.63638
33
.64423
.64553
.64682
.64810
.64939
34
.65701
.65826
.65952
.66077
.66201
9G
GASES.
Centi
metres.
Millimetres.
0
1
3
3
4
35
9.66325
9.66449
9.66573
9.66696
9.66819
36
.67549
.67669
.67790
.67909
.$8029
37
.6S739
.68856
.68973
.69090
.GU206
38
.69897
.70011
.70125
.70239
.70352
39
.71025
.71136
.71247
.71358
.71468
40
.72125
.72233
.72341
.72449
.72556
41
.73197
.73303
.73408
.73514
.7:5tJ19
42
.74244
.74347
.74450
.74553
.74655
43
.75265
.75366
.75467
.75567
.75668
44
.76264
.76363
.76461
.76559
.76657
45
.77240
.77336
.77432
.77528
.77624
46
.78194
.78289
.78383
.78477
.78570
47
.79128
.79221
.79313
.79405
.79496
48
.80043
.80133
.80223
.80313
.8040:5
49
.80938
.81027
.81115
.81203
.81291
50
.81816
.81902
.81989
.82075
.82162
51
.82676
.82761
.82846
.82930
.83015
52
.83519
.83602
.83686
.83769
.83859
53
.84346
.84428
.84510
.84591
.84673
54
.85158
.85238
.85319
.85399
.85479
55
.85955
.86034
.86113
.86191
.86270
56
.86737
.86815
.86892
.86969
.87047
57
.87506
.87582
.87658
.87734
.87810
58
.88261
.88336
.88411
.88486
.88560
59
.89004
.89077
.89151
.89224
.89297
60
.89734
.89806
.89878
.89950
.90022
61
.90452
.90523
.90594
.90665
.90735
62
.91158
.91228
.91298
.91367
.91437
63
.91853
.91922
.91990
.92059
.92128
64
.92537
.92604
.92672
.92740
.92807
65
.93210
.93277
.93343
.93110
.93476
66
.93873
.93939'
.94004
.94070
.94135
67
.94526
.94591
.94656
.94720
.94785
68
.95170
.95233
.9521)7
.95361
.354 24
69
.95804
.95866
.95929
.95992
.96055
GASES.
97
Centi
metres.
Millimetres.
5
G
7
8
g
35
9.66941
9.67064
9.67185
9.67307
9.67428
36
.68148
.68267
.68385
.68503
.68621
37
'.69832
.69437
.69553
.69668
.69783
38
.70465
.70577
.70690
.70802
.70914
39
.71578
.71688
.71798
.71907
.72016
40
.72664
.72771
.72878
.72985
.73091
41
.73723
.73828
.73932
.74036
.71140
42
.74758
.74860
.74961
.75063
.75164
43
.75768
.75867
.75967
.76066
.76165
44
.76755
.76852
.76949
.77046
.77143
45
.77720
.77815
.77910
.78005
.78100
46
.78664
.78757
•78850
.78943
.79036
47
.79588
.71)679
.71)770
.79861
.79952
48
.80493
.80582
.80672
.80760
.80850
49
.81379
.81467
.81554
.81642
.81729
50
.82248
.82334
.82419
.82505
.82590
51
.83099
.83184
.83268
.83352
.83485
52
.83985
.84017
.84100
.84182
.84264
53
.84754
.84835
.84916
.84997
.85078
54
.85558
.85638
.85717
.85797
.85876
55
.86348
.86426
.86504
.86582
.86660
56
.87123
.87200
.87277
.87353
.87430
57
.87885
.87961
.88036
.88111
.81870
58
.88634
.88708
.88782
.88856
.88930
59
.89370
.89443
.89516
.89589
.89661
60
.90094
.00166
.90238
.90309
.90380
61
.90806
.90877
.90947
.91017
.91088
62
.91507
.91576
.91645
.91715
.91784
63
.92196
.92264
.02333
.92401
.92469
64
.92875
.92942
.93009
.93076
.93143
65
.93543
.93609
.93675
.93741
.93807
66
.94201
.94266
.94331
.94396
.94461
67
.94849
.94913
.94978
.950} 2
.95106
68
.95488
.95551
.95614
.95677
.95741
69
.96117
.96180
.96242
.96304
.96366
98
GA8E3.
BAROMETRICAL CORRECTION. LOGARITHMS OF ^— .
Milli
metres
Tenths of Millimetres.
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.3
O.4 0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
700
9.96428
434
•111
447
454 45f)
465
472
478
484
701
490
496
503
509
515
521
527
534
540
546
702
552
558
565
571
577
583
589
596
602
608
70S
614
620
626
632
639
645
651
657
663
670
704
676
682
688
691
701
707
713
719
725
731
70.-)
737
743
749
755
762
768
774
780
786
793
706
799
805 811
817
823
829
836
842
848
854
707
860
866 872
878
884
890
896
903
909
915
70S
922
928 ' 934
940
946
952
958
964
970
976
70!)
982
988 ! 994
*001 *U07
*013
*019
*025
*021
*038
710
9.97044
050
056
062
068
074
081
087
093
099
711
105
111
117
124
130
136
142
148
154
160
712
166
172
178
185
191
197
203
209
215
221
713
227
233
239
246
252
258
264
270
276
282
714
288
294
300
307
313
319
325
331
337
343
715
349
355
3G1
367
373
379
385
391
397
404
7 Hi
410
416
422
428 434
440
446.
452
458
464
717
470
476
482
4ss 494
500
506
513
519
525
718
531
537
543
:>!!) 555
561
567
573
579
585
719
591
597
603
609
615
621
627
633
639
645
720
651
657
663
669
675
681
687
693
699
705
721
711
717
723
729 735
712
748
754
760
766
722
772
778
784
7!»0 796
802
808
814
820
826
723
832
838
844
850
856
862
868
874
880
886
721
892
898
904
910
916
922
928
934
940
946
72.")
952
958
961
970
976
982
988
994
*000
*006
726
9.98012
018
024
030
036
042
048
054
060
066
727
072
078
084
090
096
102
1.08
J14
120
126
728
132
138
144
150
156
162
168
173
179
185
729
191
197
203
209
215
221
227
233
239
245
730
251
257
2G3
269
275
280
286
292
298
304
731
310
316
322
828
334
840
346
352
358
31:1
732
370
376
381
887
899
405
411
417
-12:5
7;;::
429
435
441
447
458
458
464
470
476
482
734
488
494
500
506
r. 1 2
518
524
530
535
541
735
547
553
559
565
571
577
583
589
595
601
736
607
612
618
624
»;:;<>
636
642
648
653
659
737
665
671
677
683
689
695
701
706
712
718
738
72 t
730
786
742
748
754
760
765
771
777
739
783
789
795
SOI
806
812
818
824
830
836
GASES.
Milli
Tenths of Millimetres.
metres.
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
740
9.98842
848
854
860
866
872
877
883
889
741
901
907
913
918
924
930
936
942
948
95 !
742
959
965
971
977
983
989
994
*000
*006 *012
743
9.99018
024
OoO
035
041
047
053
059
065
(.70
744
076
082
088
094
100
105
111
117
123
129
135
140
146
152
158
164
170
175
181
187
746
193
199
205
210
216
222
228
234
239
245
747
251
257
263
268
274
280
286
292
298
303
809
315
321
327
332
338
344
350
356
361
749
867
373
379
885
390
396
402
408
414
419
750
425
431
437
442
448
454
460
466
471
477
751
483
489
495
500
506
512
518
523
529
535
752
541
547
552
558
564
570
575
581
587
593
753
598
604
610
616
622
627
633
639
645
650
754
656
662
668
673
679
685
691
696
702
708
75fi
714
719
725
731
737
742
748
754
760
765
75G
771
777
783
788
794
800
806
811
817
823
757
829
834
840
846
852
857
863
869
874
880
758
886
892
897
903
909
915
920
926
932
937
751)
943
949
955
960
966
972
977
983
989
995
760
0.00000
006
012
*017
023
029
035
040
046
052
7i;i
057
063
069
075
080
086
092
097
103
109
763
114
120
126
132
137
143
149
154
160
166
7.63
171
177
183
189
194
200
206
211
217
223
7tn
228
234
240
245
251
257
262
268
274
279
7*;:,
285
291
296
302
308
314
319
325
331
336
766
342
348
353
359
365
370
376
382
387
393
767
399
404
410
416
421
427
432
438
444
449
768
455
461
466
472
478
483
489
495
500
506
769
512
517
523
529
534
540
546
551
557
562
77o
568
573
579
584
590
596
601
607
612
618
771
624
629
635
641
646
652
657
663
669
674
772
680
686
691
697
703
708
714
719
725
731
77;;
736
742
717
753
758
764
770
776
781
787
771
793
798
804
809
815
821
826
832
837
843
775
84!)
854
860
865
871
877
882
888
894
899
77(5
905
910
916
021
927
934
938
914
949
955
777
961
966
972
978
983
989
994
*000
*006
*011
778
0.01017
022
028
033
039
044
050
056
061
067
779
072 j 078
083
089
095
100
106
111
117
123
780
128 1 134
139
145
150
156
162
167
173
178
100
GASES.
TABLE OF LOG
+ 0.00367*'
t
Tenths of Degrees.
0.0
0.1
o.a
O.3
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0°
984
968
952
936
920
904
888
872
857
1
9.99841
825
809
793
777
762
746
730
714
698
2
683
667
651
635
619
604
588
572
556
541
3
525
509
493
478
462
446
430
415
399
383
4
368
352
336
321
305
289
274
258
242
227
5
211
196
180
164
149
133
117
102
086
071
6
055
040
024
008
*993
*977
*962
*946
*931
*915
7
9.98900
884
869
853
838
822
807
791
776
760
8
745
729
714
698
683
668
652
637
621
606
9
590
575
560
544
529
514
498
483
467
452
10
437
421
406
391
375
360
345
329
314
299
11
283
268
253
238
222
207
192
177
161
146
12
131
116
100
085
070
055
039
024
009
*994
13
9.97979
963
948
933
918
903
888
872
857
842
14
827
812
797
782
766
751
736
721
706
691
15
676
661
646
631
616
600
585
570
555
540
16
525
510
495
480
465
450
435
420
405
390
17
375
360
345
330
315
300
285
270
255
241
18
226
211
196
181
166
151
136
121
106
091
19
076
062
047
032
017
002
*987
*972
*958
*943
20
9.96928
913
898
883
869
854
839
824
809
795
21
780
765
750
735
721
706
691
676
662
647
22
632
618
603
588
573
559
544
529
515
500
23
485
471
456
441
426
412
397
383
368
353
21
339
324
309
295
280
266
251
237
222
207
25
188
174
159
145
130
116
101
087
072
057
26
049
028
013
*999
*984
*970
*955
*941
*926
*912
27
9.95897
883
868
85 I
<x;j9
825
810
796
781
767
28
752
738
723
709
694
680
665
651
636
622
29
607
593
578
564
549
:>;;:>
520
506
491
477
30
463
449
4*4
420
406
391
377
363
348
334
31
320
306
292
277
263
249
•>:\ \
220
206
llil
32
177
163
149
134
120
KM;
092
078
063
049
33
035
021
007
*993
*978
*964
>950
*935
>921
*907
34
9.94S93
879
865
851
837
822
808
794
780
766
GASES.
101
Tenths of Degrees.
t
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
i). J
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
O.9
35
9.94752
738
724
710
695
681
667
653
639
625
36
611
§97
583
569
55 \
540
526
512
498
484
37
470
456
442
428
414
400
386
S72
358
344
38
;;:;n
316
;;<)-_'
288
274
260
246
232
218
204
39
190
176
162
148
134
121
107
093
079
065
40
051
037
023
009
*996
*982
*968
*954
*940
*926
41
9.93912
898
884
871
857
843
829
816
802
788
4'2
774
760
746
733
719
705
692
678
665
651
43
637
623
609
595
582
568
554
540
527
513
44
499
485
471
458
444
430
417
403
390
376
45
362
348
334
321
307
293
279
266
253
239
46
225
211
198
184
171
158
144
131
117
103
47
089
075
062
048
035
021
007
*994
*980
*967
48
9.92953
940
926
913
899
885
871
858
844
831
49
818
804
791
777
764
750
737
723
710
696
50
683
670
656
643
629
616
603
589
576
562
51
549
536
522
509
496
482
469
455
442
428
52
415
402
388
375
361
348
335
321
308
294
53
281
268
254
240
227
214
200
187
173
160
54
147
134
120
107
094
080
067
054
040
027
55
014
001
*988
*974
*961
*948
*935
*921
*908
*895
56
9.91882
869
856
842
829
816
803
790
776
763
57
750
737
724
711
698
684
671
658
645
632
58
619
606
593
580
567
553
540
527
514
501
59
488
475
462
449
436
422
409
396
383
370
60
357
344
331
318
305
292
279
266
253
240
61
227
214
201
188
175
162
149
136
123
110
G2
097
084
071
058
045
032
019
006
*993
*980
63
9.90967
954
941
928
915
902
889
876
863
851
64
838
825
812
799
786
773
760
747
735
722
65
709
696
683
670
657
644
632
619
606
593
66
580
567
554
542
529
516
503
490
478
465
67
452
439
426
414
401
388
375
363
350
337
68
324
311
298
286
273
260
248
235
229
210
69
197
184
172
159
146
134
121
108
096
083
70
070
057
044
032
019
006
*993
*980
*968
*956
71
9.89943
930
918
905
893
880
867
855
842
830
72
817
805
702
780
767
755
742
730
717
704
73
691
679
666
654
641
628
616
603
591
578
74
565
553
540
528
515
503
490
478
465
453
102
GASES.
Tenths of Degrees.
1
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
O.T
0.6
0.0
o
75
9.89440
428
415
403
390
378
966
353
341
328
76
316
304
291
279
266
254
241
229
216
204
77
91
179
166
154
141
129
117
104
092
079
78
067
054
042
029
017
005
*992
*980
*967
*955
79
9.88943
931
919
906
894
882
869
857
845
833
80
820
808
796
783
771
759
747
734
722
710
81
697
685
673
661
648
636
624
612
599
587
82
574
562
550
538
525
513
501
489
477
464
83
452
440
428
416
403
391
379
367
354
342
84
330
318
306
294
282
269
257
245
233
221
85
209
197
185
173
160
148
136
124
111
099
86
087
075
063
051
039
026
014
002
*990
*978
87
9.87966
954
942
930
918
905
893
881
869
857
88
845
833
821
809
797
785
773
761
749
737
89
725
713
701
689
677
665
653
641
629
617
90
605
593
581
569
557
545
533
521
509
497
91
485
473
461
449
437
426
414
402
390
378
92
366
354
342
330
318
306
295
283
271
259
93
247
235
223
212
200
188
176
165
153
1 11
94
129
117
105
093
081
070
058
046
034
022
95
010
*998
*986
*975
*963
*951
*939
*928
*916
*904
9(i
9.86892
880
808
857
s i :,
833
821
809
798
786
97
774
762
750
739
727
715
704
692
680
669
98
657
645
633
621
610
598
586
574
563
551
91)
539
527
516
504
493
481
469
458
446
435
100
423
412
400
389
378
366
355
343
331
319
101
307
296
•_' 8 !
273
261
249
238
226
214
203
102
191
179
168
156
145
133
121
110
098
087
103
075
063
052
040
029
017
005
*994
*982
*971
104
9.85959
948
936
925
913
902
890
879
867
856
105
844
833
821
810
798
787
77.-)
764
752
741
106
729
718
706
695
683
672
661
649
638
«:•_'<;
107
615
603
592
580
569
557
546
534
523
511
IDS
500
488
477
465
1 5 l
443
431
420
408
397
109
386
974
363
351
340
329
317
306
295
283
110
272
261
249
238
227
215
204
193
181
170
111
159
148
136
125
114
102
091
080
069
057
112
046
035
023
012
001
*9S9
*978
*967
*955
#944
113
9.8498S
922
911
899
888
877
866
854
843
832
114
821
810
799
787
776
765
754
742
731
720
GASES.
103
t
Tenths of Degrees.
0.0
0.1
o.a
0.3
0.*
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
115
9.84709
698.
687
675
664
653
642
630
619
608
116
597
586
575
563
552
541
530
518
507
496
117
485
474
463
451
440
429
418
407
395
,384
118
373
362
351
340
329
317
306
295
284
273
in*
262
251
240
229
218
207
196
185
174
163
120
152
141
130
119
107
096
085
074
063
052
121
041
030
019
008
*997
*985
*974
*963
*952
*941
12-2
9.83931
920
909
898
887
876
865
854
843
832
129
821
810
799
788
777
766
756
745
734
723
124
712
701
690
679
668
657
646
635
624
613
125
602
591
580
569
558
547
536
525
514
503
126
493
482
471
460
449
438
428
417
406
395
127
384
373
362
351
340
329
319
308
297
286
128
275
264
253
243
232
221
210
200
189
178
129
167
156
145
135
124
113
102
091
081
070
130
059
048
037
027
016
005
*994
*984
*973
*962
131
9.82951
940
929
919
908
897
886
876
865
854
132
844
833
822
812
801
790
779
769
758
747
133
737
726
715
705
694
683
672
662
651
640
134
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376
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324
314 303
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272
147
262
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241
231
220
210 200
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Tenths of Degrees.
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0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
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9.80442
432
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412
402
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156
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330
320
310
300
289
279
269
259
249
157
239
229
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199
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299
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240
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GASES.
105
t
Tenths of Degrees.
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106
GASES
t
Tenths of Degrees.
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760
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704
GASES.
107
t
Tenths of Degrees.
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
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275
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192
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177
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314
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108
GASES.
t
Tenths of Degrees.
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0.4
0.5
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0.9
315
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332
324
317
310
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295
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280
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251
244
237
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222
215
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200
321
193
186
178
171
164
156
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120
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326
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332
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216
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194
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180
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337
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852
845
838
831
340
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817
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803
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788
781
774
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760
341
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739
732
725
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710
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696
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342
682
675
668
661
654
647
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633
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619
343
612
605
598
591
584
577
570
563
556
549
344
542
535
528
521
514
507
500
493
486
479
345
471
464
457
450
443
436
429
422
415
408
346
401
394
387
380
373
366
359
352
345
338
347
331
324
317
310
303
296
289
282
275
268
348
261
254
247
240
233
225
218
211
204
197
349
190
183
176
169
162
155
148
141
134
127
350
120
113
106
099
092
085
078
071
064 057
GASES.
100
TABLE
OF THE ELASTIC FORCE OF THE VAPOR OF WATER FROM
—32° TO 4-230°.
REGNAULT. — Mcmoires de I'Acadomie de France, Tome XXI. p. 624.
Tem
pera
ture.
Elastic
force.
Difference
for l->.
Tem
pera
ture
Elastic
Force.
Difference
for lo.
Tem
pera
ture.
Elastic
Force-
Difference
for 1^.
o
—32
mm.
0.320
mm.
0.032
0
9
mm.
8.574
nim*
0.591
0
50
mm.
91.982
mm.
4.679
31
0.352
0.034
10
9.165
0.627
51
96.661
4.882
30
0.386
0.038
11
9.792
0.665
52
101.543
5.093
29
0.424
0.040
12
10.457
0.705
53
106.636
5.309
28
0.464
0.044
13
11.162
0.746
54
111.945
5.533
27
0.508
0.047
14
11.908
0.791
55
117.478
5.766
26
0.555
0.050
15
12.699
0.837
56
123.244
6.007
25
0.605
0.055
16
13.536
0.885
57
129.251
6.254
24
0.660
0.059
17
14.421
0.936
58
135.505
6.510
23
0.719
0.064
18
15.357
0.989
59
142.015
6.776
22
0.783
0.070
19
16.346
.045
60
148.791
7.048
21
0.853
0.074
20
17.391
.104
61
155.839
7.331
20
0.927
0.081
21
18.495
.164
62
163.170
7.621
19
.008
0.087
22
19.659
.229
63
170.791
7.923
18
.095
0.094
23
20.888
.296
64
178.714
8.231
17
.189
0.101
24
22.184
.366
65
186.945
8.551
16
.290
0.110
25
23.550
.438
66
195.496
8.880
15
.400
0.118
26
24.988
.517
67
204.376
9.220
14
.518
0.128
27
26.505
.596
68
213.596
9.569
13
1.646
0.137
28
28.101
.681
69
223.165
9.928
12
1.783
0.150
29
29.782
.766
70
233.093
10.300
11
1.933
0.160
30
31.548
.858
71
243.393
10.680
10
2.093
0.174
31
33.406
.953
72
254.073
11.074
9
2.267
0.188
32
35.359
2.052
73
265.147
11.477
8
2.455
0.203
33
37.411
2.154
74
276.624
11.893
7
2.658
. 0.218
34
39.565
2.262
75
288.517
12.321
6
2.876
0.237
35
41.827
2.374
76
300.838
12.7G2
5
3.113
0.245
36
44.201
2.490
77
313.600
13.211
4
3.368
0.276
37
46.691
2.611
78
326.811
13.677
3
3.644
0.297
38
49.302
2.737
79
340.488
14.155
2
3.941
0.322
39
52.039
2.867
80
354.643
i i.<;u
— 1
4.263
0.337
40
51.906
3.004
81
369.287
15.148
0
4.600
0.340
41
57.910
3.145
82
384.435
15.666
+ 1
4.940
0.362
42
61.055
3.291
,v:
400.101
16.197
2
5.302
0.385
43
64.346
3.444
84
416.298
16.743
3
5.687
0.410
44
67.790
3.601
85
433.041
4
6.097
0.437
45
71.391
3.767
86
450.844
5
6.534
0.464
46
75.158
3.935
87
468.2_'l
18.466
6
6.998
0.494
47
79.093
4.111
88
486.687
19.072
7
7.492
0.525
48
83.204
4.295
89
505.759
19.691
8
8.017
0.557
49
87.499
4.483
90
525.450
20.328
110
GASES.
Tem
pera
ture.
Elastic
1'orce.
Difference
for 1-J.
Tem-
jera-
;ure.
Elastic
force.
Difference
for 1^.
Tem-
>era~
;ure.
Elastic
Force.
Difference
for 1 .
0
91
mill.
545.778
mm.
20.979
o
138
mm.
2567.000
inm.
77.440
0
185
mm.
8453.23
mm.
191.12
92
5G6.757
21.649
139
2641.440
76.190
186
8644.35
1H4.47
93
588.406
22.334
140
2717.630
77.940
187
8838.82
197.86
94
610.740
23.038
141
2795.570
79.730
188 9036.68
201.27
95
633.778
23.757
142
2875.300
81.560
189 9237.95
204.75
96
657.535
24.494
143
2956.860
83.400
190 9442.70
208.23
97
682.029
25.251
144
3040.260
85.290
191 9650.93
211.78
98
707.280
26.025
145
3125.550
87.190
192 9862.71
215.33
99
733.305
26.695
146
3212.740
89.130
193< 10078.04
218.97
100
760.000
27.590
147
3301.870
91.110
194 1029 7.01 1 222.62
101
787.590
28.420
148
3392.980
93.110
195 10519.63j 226.32
102
816.010
29.270
149
3486.090
95.140
196 10745.95J 230.05
103
845.280
30.130
150
3581.230
97.200
197 10975.00
233.82
104
875.410
31.000
151
3678.430
99.310
198 11209.82
237.64
105
906.410
31.900
152
3777.740
101.440
199 11447.46
241.50
106
938.310
32.830
153 3879.180
103.590
200 11688.96
245.41
107
971.140
33.770
154 3982.770
105.790
201 11934.37
249.32
108
1004.910
34.740
155 4088.560
108.030
202 12183.69
253.31
109 1039.650
35.720
156
4196.590
110.290
20:5 12437.00
257.30
110
1075.370
36.720
157
4306.880
112.570
201 12694.30
261.36
111
1112.090
37.740
158
4419.450
114.910
205 12955.66
265.46
112
1149.830
38.780
159
4534.860
117.260
206 13221.12
269.63
113
1188.610
39.860
160! 4651.620
119660
207
13490.75
273.78
H4
1228.470
40.940
161
4771.280
1 22.080
208
13764.53
277.99
115
1269.410
42.060
162
4893.360
1 24.550
209
14042.52
282.28
116
1311.470
43.190
163
5017.910
127.060
210
14324.80
286.52
117
1354.660
44.340
164
5144.970
129.570
211
14611.32
290.90
118 1399.020
45.530
165
5274.540
132.150
212
14902.22
295.26
119
1444.550
46.730
166
5406.690
134.740
213
15197.48
299.69
120
1491.280
47.970
167J 5541.430
137.390
214
15497.17
304.16
121
15S9.256
49.220
168
5678.820
140.080
215
15801.33
308.61
122
1588.470
50.490
169
5818.900
142.760
216
16109.94
313.21
123
1638.960
51.800 1 7n
5961.660
145.530
217
16423.15
317.75
124
1690-760
53.120
171
6107.190
148.290
218
16740.90
322.39
125
1743.880 54.470
172
6255.480
151.120
219
17063.29
327.07
126
1798.350' 55.850
173
6406.600 153.950
220
17390.36
331.77
127
is:, 1.200! 57.270
174
6560.550 156.850
221
17722.13
336.55
128
1911.460 58.680
175
6717.430;159.790
222
18058.64
341.30
129
1970.150 60.130
176
6877.220 162.750
223
18399.94
346.13
130
2030.280 61.660
177
7039.970 165.750
224
18746.07
350.97
131
2091.946 63.090
178
7205.720 168.800
225
19097.04
355.88
138
21.V).0.'JO 64.660
179
7374.520 171.870
226
19452.92
360.84
133
2219.690 66.230
180
7546.390 174.980
227
19813.76
365.85
134
2285.920 67.810
181
7721.370 178.150
228
20179.61
370.87
135
2353.730 69.430
182
7899.520 181.320
229
20550.48
375.92
186
2423.160 71.070
183
8080.840184.560
230
20926.40
137
2494.230 72.770
184
8265.400 187.830
GASES.
Ill
0 1
i 5
» I
~ ^
H O
§ 13
~ -* o i^ -r>
c ^ «~ i- c
OOQOCCOOi— i
. r: o ^J O o o <>< o
§ w ~ ri xJ t-' i^-' cc ci
o L?s
c
^ »fS O <N (N C : CO
cQOaoc0iOio»Q<Daooeor^c4r^ ^' ~ r-
112
GASES.
3 +
W 3
3 o
O !g
6
T}< o co o oc — I-H o co i— ii— I
a ^.
CO t^ CC C5 C7 00 O CO ^ CO CO OC '-~ — ' - •—
r-i CO O '- O G^l O CO r-> *<# t^ O Tt< CC 'M ' -
CM r- -M -* x n c: o O CO O — i r- o GO
Q)COlftr»C0*H'£lOlQ>O6Q>QO*<»O<
<M' c-i ^i •ri T-7 cc c^ co -^ -t -^ ^ ^o »o co ;o
.
- ~
CO
.Of^OOO
ococ ~ —
1 +
GASES. 113
o 1-4 ^ co CLCO co ^ eo <>• c* e« ao IQ ^ o ^ OD co e» <o oo o« ** C* oo 4
od ci cs o i-i I-H oi co TJ« «o co t^ od ci r ?i co -* to i^-' c> r-I co° o t- <rj ^-5
Ci CO CO »" * O ^H CO O ^ CO
«N t^ Ol QO -^ i-H QO 'O <^ --H Ci 00 '30 OO CS O <M_ »O 00 ^ ^ "M C5 CO rf CO CO Tf CO
b* t« 00 00 O) C> O v4 O CO 4O ^|i lO CO ^o Ok O vN O< ^* iO b» 40 O Oi ^> CD 00 O
'>lX!*tiOf>-TtiC<IOQOt>.t>-t^'QOO5<— iTfil~-i-^O'-(t>-'^iT<Ii— t— r"i-~
OO GO O» O O r* C4 CO «6 ^ >O CO t>^ 00 O f-^ e£ ^ 4 l>^ 46 O M -^ CO 00 O
c» e* 00 c0 op ao o» to ^i o C4 10 O
OD oo A A o i-< <>* eo to.co t 0 o» 1-4 c eo w c ao A ^ co o i^ at
CO !>• CO O O
114
GASES.
TABLE
OF THE TENSION OF THE VAPOR OF MERCURY FOR EACH
10 DEGREES.
REGNAULT. — Memoires de 1' Academic de France, Tome XXVI. p. 520.
Temperature
of the Air
Thermome
ter.
Tension.
Temperature
of the Air
Thermome
ter.
Tension.
Temperature
of the Air
Thermome
ter.
Tension.
o
0
mm.
0.0200
o
180
mm.
11.00
360
mm.
797.74
10
0.0268
190
14.84
370
954.65
20
0.0372
200
19.90
380
1139.65
30
0.0530
210
26.35
390
1346.71
40
0.0767
220
34.70
400
1587.96
50
0.1120
230
45.35
410
1863.73
60
0.1643
240
58.82
420
2177.53
70
0.2410
250
75.75
430
2533.01
80
0.3528
260
96.73
440
2933.99
90
0.5142
270
123.01
450
3384.35
100
0.7455
280
155.17
460
3888.14
110
1.0734
290
194.46
470
4449.45
120
1.5341
300
242.15
480
5072.43
130
2.1752
310
299.69
490
5761.32
140
3.0592
320
368.73
500
6520.25
150
4.2664
330
450.91
510
7253.44
160
5.9002
340
548.35
520
8264.96
170
8.0912
350
663.18
GASES.
115
TABLE
FOR DIRECT NITROGEN DETERMINATIONS GIVING
__0.0012562
(1 + 0.00367 0 760 '
JAMES T. BROWN. —Jour. Chem. Soc. N S. Vol. III. p. 210.
t
0.0012662
(1 + 0. 00367" 0760*
Diff.
t
0.0012562
(T+~0.00367 I) 760 '
Diff.
0
0.00000165289
16
0.00000156121
544
1
0.00000164685
604
17
0.00000155582
539
2
0.00000164085
600
18
0.00000155047
535
3
0.00000163489
596
19
0.00000154515
532
4
0.00000162898
591
20
0.00000153986
529
5
0.00000162311
587
21
0.00000153462
524
6
0.00000161728
583
22
0.000001 52941
521
7
0.00000161149
579
23
0.0000015-2423
518
8
0.00000160574
575
24
0.00000151909
514
9
0.00000160004
570
25
0.00000151398
511
10
0.00000159438
566
26
0.00000150891
507
11
0.00000158875
563
27
0.00000150387
504
12
0.00000158317
558
28
0.00000149887
500
13
0.00000157762
555
29
0.00000149389
498
14
0.00000157211
551
30
0.00000148896
493
15
0.00000156665
546
Formula for the use of the above table.
W =
0.0012562
(1 + 0.00367 0 760 >
W = weight of gas in grammes.
t = temperature of gas.
V = volume in cc,
P = pressure in mm.
116
GASES.
OF
TABLE
0.0012932
760 (1 + 0.00367 0 *
JAMES T. BROWN. — Jour. Chem. Soc. N. 8. IV. p. 74.
t
A
Diff.
t
A
Diff.
—20.0
0.00000183636
363
o
2.5
0.00000171733
317
19.5
0.00000183273
361
2.0
0.00000171416
317
19.0
0.00000182912
360
1.5
0.00000171099
815
18.5
0.00000182552
359
1.0
0.00000170784
314
18.0
0.00000182193
357
— 0.5
0.00000170470
313
17.5
0.00000181836
356
0.0
0.00000170157
311
17.0
0.00000181480
355
-f- 0.5
0.00000169846
311
16.5
0.00000181125
353
1.0
0.00000169535
309
16.0
0.00000180772
351
1.5
0.00000169226
308
15.5
0.00000180421
351
2.0
0.00000168918
308
15.0
0.00000180070
349
25
0.00000168610
306
14.5
0.00000179721
347
3.0
0.00000168304
305
14.0
0.00000179374
347
3.5
0.00000167999
303
13.5
0.00000179027
345
4.0
0.00000167696
303
13.0
0.00000178682
343
4.5
0.00000167393
302
12.5
0.00000178339
343
5.0
0.00000167091
806
12.0
0.00000177996
341
5.5
0.00000166791
300
11.5
0.000001 7 7»;.V)
339
6.0
0.00000166491
298
11.0
0.00000177316
339
6.5
0.00000166193
297
10.5
0.00000176977
337
7.0
0.00000165896
297
10.0
0.00000176640
336
7.5
0.00000165599
295
9.5
0.00000176304
334
8.0
0.00000165304
294
9.0
0.00000175970
334
8.5
0.00000165010
293
8.5
OJ)00001 75636
332
9.0
0.00000164717
292
8.0
0.00000175304
330
9.5
0.00000164425
891
7.5
0.00000174974
330
10.0
0.00000164134
290
7.0
0.00000174644
328
10.5
0.00000163844
289
6.5
0.00000174316
327
11.0
0.00000163555
288
6.0
0.00000173989
326
11.5
0.00000163267
287
5.5
0.00000173603
325
12.0
0.00000162980
286
5.0
0.000001 7;::;:;s
323
12.5
0.00000162694
285
4.5
0.00000173015
322
13.0
0.00000162409
284
4.0
0.00000172693
321
13.5
0.00000162125
283
3.5
0.00000172372
320
14.0
0.00000161842
282
3.0
0.00000172052
319
14.5
0.00000161560
281
GASES.
117
t
A
DIET.
t
A
Diff.
+15.0
0.00000161279
280
+39.0
0.00000148852
238
15.5
0.00000160999
279
89.5
0.00000148614
238
16.0
0.000001 GO 7 20
278
40.0
0.000001 IN;; 7(1
237
16.5
0.000001 G(>! 12
277
40.5
0.00000148139
237
17.0
0.0o0oon;oii;:>
276
41.0
'0147902
235
17.5
O.onoooi:>9889
276
41.5
0.00000147667
235
18.0
0. ooooo 159G 13
274
42.0
O.oooooi47i:!2
234
18.5
0.00000159339
273
42.5
0.00000147198
233
19.0
0.00000159066
273
43.0
0.000001 4<;<>G5
233
19.5
0.00000158793
271
43.5
0.00000146732
232
20.0
0.00000158522
271
44.0
0.00000146500
231
20.5
0.00000158251
269
44.5
0.00000146269
230
21.0
0.00000157982
269
45.0
0.0000014G039
230
21.5
0.00000157713
268
45.5
O.OOOOoi 4 :^o<>
22'.»
22.0
0.00000157445
267
46.0
0.000001 i
228
22.5
0.00000157178
266
46.5
O.OODOO 14 :>:;.» -2
227
B&O
0.00000156912
265
47.0
0.0000014512:)
227
23.5
0.00000156647
264
47.5
O.OOOooi 44 sus
226
24.0
0.00000156383
263
48.0
0.000001 44 15 72
225
24.5
0.00000156120
263
48.5
0.00000144447
225
25.0
0.00000155857
261
49.0
0.00000144222
224
25.5
0.00000155596
261
49.5
0.00000143998
223
2G.O
0.00000155335
260
50.0
0.00000143775
445
26.5
0.00000155075
258
51.0
0.00000143330
442
27.0
0.00000154817
258
52.0
O.OOOoo! 42*SS
439
27.5
0.00000154559
258
53.0
0.00000142449
436
28.0
0.00000154301
256
54.0
0.00000142013
434
28.5
0.00000154045
255
55.0
0.00000141579
431
29.0
0.00000153790
255
56.0
0.00000141148
428
29.5
0.00000153535
254
57.0
o.<HiooOl40720
426
30.0
0.00000153281
253
58.0
0.000001 4 02! >4
423
30.5
0.00000153028
252
59.0
0.000001 :?!)871
421
31.0
0.00000 15 2 7 7 »5
251
60.0
0.000001 3!ii:»o
418
81.5
O.oo< MM 11 ,v_>,v_>:>
251
61 0
0.00000189062
416
32.0
0.0000015*274
249
62.0
0.00000 I3si;i(>
413
32.5
0.00000152025
249
63.0
0.00000138203
410
33.0
0.00000151776
248
64.0
000000137793
409
33.5
0.00000151528
247
65.0
0.00000187884
406
M.O
O.OOoool ,-,12*1
247
66.0
o.oooooi;]t;978
403
34.5
0.00000151034
245
67.0
0.00000186675
401
86.0
0.00000150789
245
68.0
o.oooo013G174
399
35.5
0.00000150544
244
69.0
o.oo' 185775
396
36.0
0.00000150300
243
7().o
o.oii i] ;;:>:; 7.0
395
36.5
0.00000150057
243
71.0
O.oooooi ;u:»s4
391
37.0
0.00000149814
242
72.0
O.OOOoo i:{i:,!i:j
390
37.5
o.oooooi 4:>:>72
240
73.0
O.OOOoo i;? i 2<>:5
387
38.0
0.00000149332
241
74.0
0.00000133816
385
38.5
0.00000149091
239
75.0
0.000001 334 ;U
383
118
GASES.
t
A
Diff.
t
A
Diff.
+ 70
0.00000133048
381
0
+124
0.00000116940
294
77
0.00000132G67
379
125
0.00000 116646
293
78
0.00000132288
376
126
0.0000011 U353
291
79
0.00000131912
374
127
0.000001 HJO'12
290
80
0.00000131538
372
128
0.00000115772
288
81
0.00000131166
370
129
0.00000115484
287
82
0.00000130796
368
130
0.00000115197
286
83
000000130428
366
131
0.00000114911
284
84
0.00000130062
364
132
0.00000 1 14 ti 2 7
283
85
0.00000129698
362
133
0.00000114344
281
86
0.00000129336
360
134
0.00000114063
280
87
0.00000128976
357
135
0.00000113783
278
88
0.00000128619
356
136
0.00000113505
278
89
0.00000128263
354
137
0.00000113227
275
90
0.00000127909
352
138
0.00000112952
275
91
0.00000127557
350
139
0.00000112677
273
92
0.00000127207
348
140
0.00000112404
272
93
0.00000126859
346
141
0.00000112132
270
94
0.00000126513
344
142
0.00000111802
270
95
0.00000126169
343
143
0.00000111592
268
96
0.00000125826
340
144
0.00000111324
266
97
0.00000125486
339
145
0.00000111058
266
98
0.00000125147
337
146
0.00000110792
264
99
0.00000124810
335
147
0.00000110528
263
100
0.00000124475
333
148
0.00000110265
261
101
0.00000124142
332
149
0.00000110004
261
102
0.00000123810
330
150
0.00000109743
259
103
0.00000123480
328
151
0.00000109484
258
104
0.00000123152
326
152
0.00000109226
256
105
0.000001 22S2I!
324
153
0.00000108970
256
106
0.00000122502
323
154
0.00000108714
254
107
0.00000122179
321
155
0.00000108460
253
108
0.00000121858
320
156
0.00000108207
252
109
0.00000121538
318
157
0.00000107955
251
110
0.00000121220
316
158
0.00000107704
250
111
0.00000120904
314
159
0.00000107454
248
112
0.000001 2o;,!H)
313
160
000000107206
247
113
0.00000120277
311
161
O.ooo00l06959
247
114
0.00000119966
310
162
0.00000106712
245
115
0.0000011 HI;.™
308
163
0.0000t3l06467
244
116
0.00000119348
306
164
0.000001 0(i 223
242
117
0.000001 1!M) J2
305
165
O.Oooooi 05981
2 I 2
118
O.oooooi 18737
303
166
0.000ooio;,-;i!i
210
119
ooooodi ISI.-H
302
167
0.000001054 !Mi
240
120
O.OOOOOH8132
300
168
0.00000 105 2.') !l
239
121
0.000001 17S.-J2
299
169
0.00000 105 020
237
122
O.ooooo ii7;>;;;{
297
170
0.000001017*3
236
123
0.00000117236
296
171
0.00000104547
236
GASES.
110
t
A
Diff.
t
A
Diff.
-f-l°72
0.00000104311
234
o
0.00000094145
191
173
0.00000104077
233
221
O.OOOoMuiisio I
IPO
174
0.00000103844
232
•2-22
0.00000093764
190
175
0.00000103612
231
223
O.OOoooo «»:;;,: j
188
176
O.OU000103381
230
224
0.00000093386
188
177
0.00000103151
229
225
0.00000093198
187
178
0.00000102922
228
226
0.00000093011
186
179
0.00000102694
227
227
0.00000092825
185
180
0.00000102467
226
228
0.00000092640
185
181
0.00000102241
225
229
0.00000092455
184
182
0.00000102016
224
230
0.00000092271
183
183
0.00000101792
223
231
0.00000092088
183
184
0.00000101569
222
232
0.00000091905
182
185
0.00000101347
221
233
0.00000091723
181
186
0.00000101126
220
234
0.00000091542
180
187
0.00000100906
219
235
0.00000091362
180
188
0.00000100687
218
236
0.00000091182
179
189
0.00000100469
217
237
0.00000091003
178
190
0.000001 0<>-2.V2
217
238
000000090825
178
191
0.00000100035
215
239
0.00000090647
177
192
0.00000099820
215
240
0.00000090470
176
193
0.00000099605
213
241
0.00000090294
175
194
0.00000099392
213
242
0.00000090119
175
195
0.00000099179
211
243
0.00000089944
174
196
0.00000098968
211
244
0.00000089770
174
197
0.000000:^
210
245
0.00000089596
173
198
0.00000098547
209
246
0.00000089423
172
199
0.00000098338
208
247
0.0000008f»2:.l
171
200
0.00000098130
207
248
0.00000089080
171
201
0.00000097923
207
249
0.00000088909
170
202
0.00000097716
205
250
0.00000088739
170
203
0.00000097511
205
251
0.0000008«V":M
169
204
0.00000097306
204
252
0.00000088400
168
205
0.00000097102
203
253
0.00000088232
167
206
0.00000096899
202
254
0.00000088065
167
207
0.00000096697
201
255
0.00000087898
167
208
0.00000096496
201
256
0.000000877;]!
165
209
0.00000096295
199
257
0.00000087566
165
210
0.00000096096
199
258
0.00000087401
165
211
0.00000095897
198
259
0.00000087236
164
212
0.00000095699
197
260
0.00000087072
163
213
0.00000095502
196
261
0.on<H»noStl909
163
214
0.00000095306
196
2fi2
O.n0o0nox6747
215
0.00000095110
194
263
0.00000086585
162
216
0.00000094916
194
264
0.00000086423
161
217
0.000000947-2-2
193
265
O.OOOooo.s, ;•_>,;•_>
160
218
0.00000094529
193
266
0.00000086102
159
219
0.00000094336
191
267
0.00000085943
159
120
GASES.
t
A
Diff.
t
A
Diff.
-J-2G8
0.00000085784
159
o
-j-310
0.00000079598
136
2G9
0.00000085G25
158
311
0.00000079-1U2
136
270
0.00000085467
157
312
0.00000079326
186
271
0.00000085310
157
313
0.00000079190
135
272
0.00000085153
156
314
0.00000079055
134
273
0.00000084997
155
315
0.0000007K921
134
274
0.00000084842
155
316
0.00000078787
134
275
0.00000084687
155
317
0.00000078653
133
276
0,00000084532
153
318
0.00000078520
133
277
0.00000084379
154
319
0.00000078387
132
278
0.00000084225
152
320
0.00000078255
132
279
0.00000084073
153
321
0.00000078123
132
280
0.00000083920
151
322
0.00000077991
131
281
0.00000083769
151
323
0.00000077860
130
282
0.00000083618
151
324
0.00000077730
130
283
0.00000083467
150
325
0.00000077600
130
284
0.00000083317
149
326
0.00000077470
129
285
0.00000083168
149
327
0.00000077341
129
286
0.00000083019
149
328
0.00000077212
128
287
0.00000082870
148
329
0.00000077084
128
288
0.00000082722
147
330
0.00000076956
128
289
0.00000082575
147
331
0.00000076828
127
290
0.00000082428
146
332
0.00000076701
127
291
0.00000082282
146
333
0.00000076574
126
292
0.00000082136
145
334
0.00000076448
126
293
0.00000081991
145
335
0.00000076322
125
294
0.00000081846
144
336
0.00000076197
125
295
0.00000081702
144
337
0.00000076072
125
296
0.00000081558
143
338
0.00000075947
1 24
297
0.00000081415
143
339
0.00000075823
124
298
0.00000081272
142
340
0.00000075699
123
299
0.00000081130
141
341
0.00000075576
123
300
0.00000080989
142
342
0.00000075453
123
301
0.00000080847
140
343
0.00000075330
122
302
0.00000080707
141
344
0.00000075208
122
303
0.00000080566
139
345
0.00000075086
121
304
0.00000080427
140
346
0.00000074965
121
305
0.00000080287
138
347
0.00000074844
121
306
0.00000080149
139
348
0.00000074723
120
307
0.00000080010
138
349
0.00000074603
120
308
0.00000079872
137
350
0.00000074483
309
0.00000079735
137
GASES.
121
TABLE
OF
0.00887
1 + 0.00367 t '
JAMES T. BROWN. — Jour. Them. Soc. N. S. IV p. 74.
t
0.00367
1 + 0.00367 1 '
Diff.
t 0.00867
1 + 000367* '
Diff.
—20.0
0.00396071
783
0
— 2.5
0.00370398
685
19.5
0.00395288
779
2.0
0.00369713
682
19.0
0.00394509
777
1.5
0.00369031
680
18.5
0.00393732
774
1.0
0.00868351
677
18.0
0.00392958
770
— 0.5
O.OU367674
674
17.5
0.00392188
768
0.0
0.00367000
673
17.0
0.00391420
764
-|- 0.5
0.00366327
669
16.5
('.'•0390656
762
1.0
0.00365658
668
16.0
0.00389894
758
1.5
0.00364990
665
I6.fi
0.00389136
756
2.0
0.00364325
662
15.0
0.00388380
753
2.5
0.00363663
660
14.5
0.00387627
750
3.0
0.00363003
658
14.0
0.00386877
747
3.5
00036 23-1 r,
655
13.5
0.00386130
744
4.0
0.00861690
653
13.0
0.003859
741
4.5
0.00861037
651
12.5
0.003S4645,
738
5.0
0.00360386
648
12.0
0.00383907
736
0.00359738
646
11.5
0.00383171
732
6.0
0.00359092
643
11.0
0.00382439
730
6.5
0.00358449
642
10.5
000381709
727
7.0
0.00357807
639
10.0
0.00380982
725
7.5
0.00357168
636
9.5
0.00380257
721
8.0
0 00356532
635
9.0
0.00379536
719
8.5
0.00355S97
632
8.5
0.00378817
716
9.0
0.00355265
630
8.0
0.00378101
714
!'.:.
0.00354635
628
7.:>
0.00377387
711
10.0
0.00354007
625
7.0
0.00376676
708
10.5
0.00353!
623
6..1
0.00375968
705
11.0
0.00352759
621
6.0
0.00375263
703
11.5
(i (•(»:::,-_> 138
619
5.5
0.00374560
700
12.0
0.00351519
617
5.0
0.00373860
698
l •_>.:>
0.00350
615
4.5
0.00373162
695
13.0
0.003502
612
4.0
0.00372467
692
13.5
0.00349675
610
3.5
0.00871775
690
14.0
0.00849065
3.0
0.00371085
687
14.5
0.00348456
606
122
GASES.
t
0.00367
1 + 0.003G7 * *
Diff.
t
o.oa
r+~OT00367l*
Diff.
+15.0
0.00347850
604
+33.0
0.00327354
535
15.5
0.00347246
601
33.5
0.00326819
533
16.0
0.00346645
600
34.0
0.00326286
532
16.5
0.0034G045
598
34.5
0.00325754
530
17.0
0.00345447
596
35.0
0.00325224
528
17.5
0.00344851
593
35.5
0.00324696
526
18.0
0.00344258
592
36.0
0.00324170
524
18.5
0.00343666
589
36.5
0.00323646
523
19.0
0.00343077
588
37.0
0.00323123
522
19.5
0.00342489
585
37.5
0.00322601
519
20.0
0.00341904
584
38.0
0.00322082
518
20.5
0.00341320
581
38.5
0.00321564
516
21.0
0.00340739
580
39.0
0.00321048
515
21.5
0.00340159
577
39.5
0.00320533
513
22.0
0.00339582
577
40.0
0.00320020
511
22.5
0.00339005
573
40.5
0.00319509
509
23.0
0.00338432
571
41.0
0.00319000
508
23.5
0.00337861
570
41.5
0.00318492
507
24.0
0.00337291
568
42.0
0.00317985
505
24.5
0.00336723
566
42.5
0.00317480
503
25.0
0.00336157
564
43.0
0.00316977
501
25.5
0.00335593
562
43.5
0.00316476
500
26.0
0.00335031
560
44.0
0.00315976
499
26.5
0.00334471
559
44.5
0.00315477
497
27.0
0.00333912
556
45.0
0.00314980
495
27.5
' 0.00333356
555
45.5
0.00314485
494
28.0
0.00332801
553
46.0
0.00313991
492
28.5
0.00332248
551
46.5
0.00313499
490
29.0
0.00331(597
549
47.0
0.00313009
490
29.5
0.00331148
548
47.5
0.00312519
487
30.0
0.00330600
545
48.0
0.00312032
486
30.5
0.003300:.,-)
544
48.5
0.00311546
485
31.0
0.0032D511
542
49.0
0.00311061
483
31.5
0.00328969
540
49.5
0.00310578
481
32.0
0.00328429
539
50.0
0.00310097
32.5
0.00327890
536
GASES. 123
EXAMPLE
OF THE USE OF THE TABLES FOR REDUCTION OF A BAROMETER
TO 0°.
Observed height Barometer with glass scale 740.0
Attached Thermometer 14.5
o mm.
Correction for 10 1.266140
" " 4 0.506460
" " 0.5 0.063307
Total, 1.835907
.. rue height of Barometer 740 — 1.84 = 738.16.
If the temperature is below 0° C. the correction becomes Additive.
The table for a brass scale is used in the same manner.
124
CASKS.
5 I
"
o
fi
So
rH CO
rH CO
~H 04
O 0
Ol t>-
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^ 01
§3
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co x ^ 05 >o
rH O5 X CO IO
iO »O CO l- X
00000
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0
CO
--
01
c:
711-
rH 05
ct
x
X CO O5 -rj<
x -* 05 m
CO >O CO <M
CO f 0 CO
0
r-l
rH
0
0 0
0 0
00000
c
o
0 O
0
O 0 O O
r.
05
0
e^
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0 0
iO CO
r-l 04
o o
0 0
X iO
O X
CO CO
O 0 0 0 0
oi ot to co O
CO CO r-l — . ! -
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o o o o o
c
K
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~
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c l~
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0
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Ol 05 CO CO
CO O X CO
Ol CO CO -f
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0 0
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c-
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0.01027
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0000
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f
0
0 O
d d
O 0 0 0 0
0
0
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r
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o dodo ddddd ddddd o'dddd ddddd ddddd
CO CO **"t* ** "" ~* ' "^ O ^O iO CC ^C" "-T "— i "• t^ t>* t^- 00 GO GO O^ C5 C5 Ci O O O O <~^
C^7 ?C ^T1 CC ?T CC C^t CO CO CO CO CO CC C7 TO CC CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ^f Tf — — •—
o'dodo' do' odd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd
00>O<7V1C5 t--Tfii-HXiO O) C5 CO CO >— I OOO<MO5CO COOt^-»O(7J OSCDCOOt^-
o t» os o (M'teot^os i~i<MTj<<^ao os^ico-^co oo O — i to o trxoc^co
<M<M<M(NCO COtOCOtOtO •<*-rJ<Tf^t't 'fiOO'OO lOCCCOCDCO COOt^f^r^
<N (>1 <M 71 <M 71 7J 71 71 CN 71 71 7^ 74 <?J S^J <71 OJ (71 (71 71 71 (71 71 (N 71 71 71 71
dddd do odd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd
•Ir t- x x 05 o — 71 to — — .o cr t- x - r f '— 71 TO ~ o cr cr
OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO 0000
lOOLioio o>oo>oo LOO>OO>O
i.o~^rt-t^ ocxricrso O»-|'-H<M<M
cococococo co;ocococ~ t>-t>.i>.t^i>.
130
GASES.
»O I-H CO CM I-- COCO"fOS>O O CO I-H t^ CM COCOOS^O IO -H CO CM b-
. CO O5 -* O >O i— I CO CM l>- CO OS -rf O >O i-H CO CM <^- CO CS -f O iO I-H O
O 3 "~ *O -f CO i-H O CO I- iO Tj< CM I-H O CO l~~ »O T* 71 »-! OS 00 1^ iO T}* M
g l^ CO 05 O I-H CM CM CO Tt< O CO t^ 00 CO OS O I-H CM CO CO •«* >O CO «^ SO
OC^OI^^H ^H co 10 CM os 1~'T~'orC1~l "-1 ^ j-1 — ' -* ,— ,-1 -H -H o
C3 OS l>- tO CM d GO *O CO i— < OO CO ^ 71 OS t^ *O CM O CO *O CO i— • * O5 CO "*f
"cO'fiOCOt^ I^GCOiOO I-H <M CO CO -^ IO CO 1^ t- CO -OSOO^-lT-J
'CMCMCMCMfM CMCMCMCOCO COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO CO^fTtTTiTj"
OOCO^-CMCO rHOO'tlOO CM t^ i— i CO O OOS-fCOT-1 COi-H>OO^f
i^HOOOT-lOS CO7-10SCOCO Ol^^fOt^ -^i-HCOOi-H OOlOCMOSCO
lOOi-HCMCM CO^^OCO t--t^.GOOSOS O i— I I-H 7-1 CO
' i-H i-H i-H i-H T-H i-H T-H i-H i-H rH rH i-H T-H i-H i-H CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM
OOOOO OOOOOS O505O5OSOS OSOSOSCOGO
OSOO^H»-I (MCOCO-^-t lOiOCOt^t^ COOOOSOO
OSOS050SOS Cioppp ppppp ppopp ppp^iT-,
Odddd O-'.-Hl-Hr-' rH^rHi-H^H ^r-JrHr^^H ^4 r4 ^H 1-" r4
" GO QO OO QO GO 00 GO OO 00 GO 00 GO 3C 00 CO CTi C"> O^ Ci Ci O C^ Ci ^ C^
ooooo o'oooo ooooo oooo'o oooc>o
. CO C^ C^J iO t^» O> CO CO Ci ^H "^ 1^* O C^l O OO ^H CO CO C> ^ iO f^- O CO
doo'dd ddddd ddo'oo do odd ddddd
•^COOSi-iCO COOOOCMr}< COOOi-iCO>O OOOCM-flCO OCOCO
. OS CO t» CM CO O"^O5COI>. i-HlOOT^CO (M 1^ 1-1 «O OS COOOCMCOO
gO'tir~-'-H-^i oOr-i-rfiCOi-H lOCOCMiOGO (MiOOSCO>O OSCMCOOSCO
Sio>o>o^>co coi^i^i^ao QCX)C5Osos o o o »-• 1-1 I-HCMCMCMCO
» »O >O «O >O >O IO >O »O *O »O iO >O >O iO >O CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO
dddo'd ddddd ddo'o'd o'ddoo* ddddd
^H t>» TJ< I-H t» -f Ot^-COO t^'-fOf^^f Ot^-COOt^ 'fO^-T^O
.CMt^cOCTSTf OCOi-it^cO CO^OiO-^ t^CMGO-TOS lOi-iCOCMOO
w gcoiocooco cpoOi-Hcoco GO 1-1 -^ co os i-i-rcoos^H -^t^
ddddd ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo
N £f-t>-t>.COCO OOCOCOCOOS 05050SOSOS OOOOO OI-HI-I-HI-H
flCMCMCM(M(M CMCM71CMCM CM71CMCMCM COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCOCO
ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd ddddd
COOS-ffOO -HCDCMI^CO O5^O>OT-( COCMt^COOS "*O»Oi-ICO
t^ iO rf CO I-H O 'X >- O -f 71 -H O CO »— O -f 7-1 r-i OS OO 1^ »O ti CM
ddddd ddddd ddddd ooooo ooooo
iOOOO>O OiOOiOO »OOiOO»O OiOOOO iOO»OO
O *" < i" * 71 71 CO C7. -^ -*^ >O IO CO CO f~- ^>1• OO 00 OS OS O O I-H I-H 71 CM
oocoQOGOco ocoooocooo ooooooocoo ooooaoooos crsososcso
a
GASES. 131
.-. ci x co »o t ci <-i c: x co «": ic cj — •
O O O i™* C*4 CO "^ O *O to l^- X Ci O »"H
-O JO CO CO CO CO O CO CO CO CO CO l^ t-
00000 00000 00000
~- x ITS <M Ci eo co o t^ -* ^-x^^iri
-1- :- — <- -o t^ t» x cs o o 1-1 e^ oo ec
«- <M CO O
C5XCOOCO <MOXt~-iO •rffM^-dX
O^C^fMIO -rJ<^L.~O->0
X X X X
7 O O O O O O O O i— » CC — to
r. r" 5. r: C5 Cr c; c: c: O O O O C O
ddddd o'dddi-H ^H^^;,-;^-;
X — — t» O <M »C X r-i ^— "— ~ "M 'O
~ r. ~ C — < »— i (M OJ ?J CO COTf^iOO
t>- r*» x X X X X X X X X X X X X
ddo'dd ddddd ddddd
Ji CC 1^- *-* CO O Tt* QC OJ t^* ^^ O O^ ^
— -^ -^ ^^ ^Q ^ ^i Q^ i^ ^ ^ ^ ^j r«, -^
ddddd ddddd ddddd
~. "M O t- O 'M '-*; '^- O "t O X O ^5
t^t^XXX C5C^C5CT5O O O O — ~H
— — — -r -r1 ^ ^ •»!« ^f o «-t '~ >~ o o
o'dodo' ddddd ddddd
^ <N» GO C^ O1 ^^ ^\ ?O ^ *^ ^" ' - 'f
X ci ^ n o to 00 O »-l 03 ^ £ X £ Ti
ddddd do odd do odd
- r! r — ?"i :•:—'-'- -.r t- x" H o — •
. - i~ -r vr -_r --r tr -r -o vr '-r -_r •- •- <~
ddddo" do odd ddddd
132
GASES.
TABLE
FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE BAROMETRICAL COLUMN, MEASURED
BY A BRASS SCALE EXTENDING FROM THE CISTERN TO THE
TOP, TO 0° CENTIGRADE.
M. T. DELCKOS. — (Guyot's Tables.)
ITripht
of the
Degrees, Centigrade.
Barome
ter.
1
a
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
mm.
665
mm.
0.1073
mm.
0.2146
mm.
0.3220
0.4293
mm.
0.537
mm.
0.644
mm.
0.751
mm.
0.859
mm.
0.966
670
0.1081
0.2163
0.3244
0.4326
0.541
0.649
0.757
0.865
0.973
675
0.1089
0.2179
0.3268
0.4358
0.545
0.654
0.763
0.871
0.980
680
0.1097
0.2195
0.3292
0.4390
0.549
0.658
0.768
0.878
0.988
685
0.1106
0.2211
0.3317
0.4423
0.553
0.663
0.774
0.884
0.995
690
0.1114
0.2227
0.3341
0.4455
0.557
0.668
0.780
0.891
1.002
695
0.1122
0.2243
0.3365
0.4487
0.561
0.673
0.785
0.897
1.010
700
0.1130
0.2260
0.3389
0.4520
0.565
0.678
0.791
0.904
1.017
705
0.1138
0.2276
0.3414
0.4552
0.569
0.683
0.797
0.910
1.024
710
0.1146
0.2292
0.3438
0.4584
0.573
0.688
0.802
0.917
1.031
715
0.1154
0.2308
0.3462
0.4616
0.577
0.691
0.808
0.923
1.039
720
0.1162
0.2324
0.3486
0.4648
0.581
0.697
0.813
0.930
1.046
725
0.1170
0.2340
0.3510
0.4680
0.585
0.702 0.819
0.936
1.053
780
0.1178
0.2356
0.3535
0.4713
0.589
0.707! 0.825
0.943
1.060
7i 3 5
0.1186
0.2372
0.3559
0.4745
0.593
0.712 0.830
0.949
1.068
7H>
0.1194
0.2389
0.3683
0.4777
0.597
0.717 0.836
0.955
1.075
745
0.1202
0.2405
0.3607
0.4809
0.601
0.721J 0.842
0.962
1.082
7.30
0.1210
0.2421
0.3631
0.4842
0.605
0.726! 0.847
0.968
1.089
755
0.1218
0.2437
0.3655
0.4874
0.609
0.731
0.853
0.975
1.097
7GO
0.1227
0.2453
0.3680
0.4906
0.613
0.736
0.859
0.981
1.104
rea
0.1235
0.2469
0.3704
0.4939
0.617
0.741 0.864
0.988
1.111
770
0.1243
0.2486
0.3728
0.4971
0.621
0.746 0.870
0.994
1.118
775
0.1251
0.2502
0.3752
0.5003
0.625
0.750 0.876
.001
1.126
780
0.1259
0.2.-) is
0.3777
0.5036
0.62!) 0.755 0.881
.007
1.133
785
0.1267
0.2534
0.3801
0.5068
0.633 <».7i!0 0.888
.014
1.140
790
0.1275
0.2550
0.3825
0.5100
0.637! 0.765 0.893
.020
1.148
795
0.1283
0.2566
0.3849
0.5132
0.641
0.770 0.898
.026
1.155
800
0.1291
0.2582 0.3874
0.5165
0.646
0.775 0.904 .(>:{:i
1.162
805
0.1299
0.2598 0.3898
0.5197
0.650 0.780 0.909 .039
1.169
GASES.
133
TABLE
FOR THE REDUCTION OF WATER PRESSURE TO MERCURY
PRESSURE.
BUNSEN. — Gasometrische Methoden.
Water
Pressure.
Mercury
Pressure.
Water
Pressure.
Mercury
Pressure.
Water
Pressure.
Mercury
Pressure.
Water
Pressure.
Mercury
Pressure.
nun.
1
mm.
0.07
mm.
29
mm.
2.14
mm.
56
mm.
4.13
mm.
83
mil).
6.13
2
0.15
30
2.21
57
4.21
84
6.20
3
0.22
31
2.29
58
4.28
85
6.27
4
0.30
32
2.36
59
4.35
86
6.35
5
0.37
33
2.44
60
4.43
87
6.42
6
0.44
34
2.51
61
4.50
88
6.49
7
0.52
35
2.58
62
4.58
89
6.57
8
0.59
36
2.66
63
4.65
90
6.64
9
0.66
37
.2.73
64
4.72
91
6.72
10
0.74
38
2.80
65
4.80
92
6.79
11
0.81
39
2.88
66
4.87
93
6.86
1-2
0.89
40
2.95
67
4.94
94
6.94
13
0.96
41
3.03
68
5.02
95
7.01
14
.03
42
3.10
69
5.09
96
7.08
15
.12
43 '
3.17
70
5.17
97
7.16
16
.18
44
3.25
71
5.24
98
7.23
17
.26
45
3.32
72
5.31
99
7.31
18
.33
46
3.39
73
5.39
100
7.38
19
.40
47
3.47
74
5.46
200
14.76
20
.48
48
3.54
75
5.54
300
22.14
21
.55
49
3.62
76
5.61
400
29.52
22
.62
50
3.69
77
5.68
500
36.90
23
.70
51
3.76
78
5.76
600
44.28
24
.77
52
3.84
79
5.83
700
51.66
25
.84
53
3.91
80
5.90
800
59.04
26
.92
54
.3.99
81
5.98
900
66.42
27
.98
55
4.06
82
6.05
1000
73.80
28
2.07
134
GASES.
CORRECTION FOR THE DEPRESSION OF THE BARO-
M. T. DELCROS.—
lladius of
the tube in
Millimetres.
Height of the Meniscus in Millimetres.
0 1
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.268
2.460
3.516
4.396
5.085
1.2
0.876
1.715
2.484
3.162
3.728
4.190
1.4
0.638
1.256
1.836
2.363
2.825
3.218
3.542
1.6
0.484
0.955
1.404
1.820
2.196
2.528
2.812
3.050
1.8
0.378
0.747
1.103
1.437
1.746
2.024
2.270
2483
2.662
2.0
0.302
0.598
0.885
1.158
1.413
1.648
1.859
2.046
2.209
2.2
0.245
0.487
0.723
0.948
1.161
1.360
1.541
1.705
1.851
2.4
0.203
0.403
0.599
0.787
0.966
1.135
1.292
1.436
1.565
2.6
0.170
0.337
0.502
0.661
0.813
0.958
1.093
1.218
1.332
2.8
0.143
0.285
0.425
0.560
0.691
0.815
0.932
1.041
1.142
3.0
0.122
0.243
0.362
0.478
0.591
0.698
0.800
0.896
0.985
3.2
0.105
0.209
0.312
0.412
0.509
0.602
0.691
0.776
0.855
3.4
0.091
0.181
0.269
0.356
0.441
0.523
0.601
0.675
0.745
3.6
0.079
0.157
0.2,'M
0.310
0.384
0.455
O..V_H 0.590
0.652
3.8
0.069
0137
0.205
0.271
0.336
0.399
0.459
0.517
0.572
4.0
0.060
0.120
0.180
0.238
0.295
0.350
0.404
0.455
0.504
4.2
0.053
0.106
0.158
0.210
0.260
0.309
0.356
0.402
0.446
4.4
0.047
0.094
0.140
0.185
0.230
0.2*3
0.315
0.356
0.395
4.6
0.042
0.083
0.124
0.164
0.204
0.242
0.280
0316
0.351
4.8
0.037
0.074
0.110
0.146
0.181
0.215
0.249
0.281
0.312
5.0
0.033
0.065
0.098
0.130
0.161
0.192
0.221
0.250
0.278
5.2
0.029
0.058
0.087
0.116
0.144
0.171
0.198
0.224
0.248
5.4
0.026
0.052
0.078
0.103
0.128
0.153
0.177
0.200
0.222
5.6
0.023
0.047
0.070
0.092
0.115
0.137
0.158
0.179
0.199
5.8
0.021
0.042
0.062
0.083
0.103
0.122
0.142
0.160
0.178
6.0
0.019
0.037
0.056
0.074
0.092
0.110
<».!•_> 7
0.144
0.160
6.2
0.017
0.034
0.050
0.067
0.083
0.099
0.114
0.129
0.144
6.4
0.015
0.030
0.045
0.060
0.074
0.089
0.103
0.116
0.130
6.6
0.014
0.027
(M)ll
o.o.Vl
0.067
0.080
0.093
0.105
0.117
6.8
0.012
0.024
0.037
0.049
0.061
0.072
0.084
0.095
0.105
7.0
0.011
0.022
0.033
0.044
0.055
0.065
0.075
0.085
0.095
GASES.
135
METRICAL COLUMN DUE TO CAPILLARY ACTION.
{Guyot's Tables.)
Radius of
tlir tube in
Millimetres.
Height of the Meniscus in Millimetres.
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.3
i.l
1.5
l.G
1.7
1.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.348
•2. -2
1.978
2.087
2.4
1.680
1.780
1.866
2.6
1.436
1.528
1.608
1.676
2.8
1.235
1.318
1.392
1.456
1.511
3.0
1.068
1.14;}
1.210
1.270 1.322
1.368
3.2
0.928
0.995
1.057
1.112
1.161
1.203
1.238
3.4
0.810
0.871
0.926
0.976
1.021
1.061
1.095
3.6
0.710
0.764
0.814
0.860
0.901
0.938
0.970
3.8
0.624
0.673
0 718
0 760
0.79?
0.831
0.861
0.887
4.0
0.551
0.594
0.635
0.673
0.707
0.788
0.766
0.790
4.2
0.487
0.526
0.563
0.597
0.628
0.657
0.682
0.705
4.4
0.432
0467
0.500
0.531
0.559
0.585
0.609
0630
4.6
0.384
0.416
0.445
0.473
0.499
0.522
0.544
0.563
4.8
0.342
0.370
0.397
0.422
0.445
0.467
0.486
0.504
5.0
0.305
0.330
0.354
0.377
0.398
0.418
0.436
0.452
5.2
n.272
0.295
0.317
0.337
0.356
0.374
0.390
0.405
0.418
5.4
0.244
0.264
0284
0.302
0.319
0.336
0.350
0.364
0.376
5.6
0.218
0.237
0.255
0.271
0.287
0.301
0.315
0.327
0.338
5.8
0.196
0.213
0.228
0243
0.257
0.271 0.283
0.294
0.304
6.0
0.176
0.191
0.2 •:»
0.219
0.231
0243 0.254
0.264
0.273
6.2
0.158
0.172
0.185
0.197
0.208
0-Jlii 0.22!)
0.238
6.4
0.142
0.154
0.166
0.177
0187
0.197 0.206
0.214
0.221
6.6
0.128
0139
0.150
0.160
0.169
0178 0.186
0.193
0.200
6.8
0.116
0.126
0.135
0.144
0.153
0.160 0.16S 0.174
0.180
7.0
0.105
0.114
0.122
0.130
0.138
0.145 0.152 0.158
0.163
136
GASES.
TABLE
OF THE COEFFICIENTS OF ABSORPTION OF VARIOUS GASES.
BUNSEN. — Gasometrischer Tafeln.
Oft
Nitrogen.
Hydrogen.
Oxygen.
In Water.
-In Alcohol.
In Water.
In Alcohol.
In Water.
In Alcohol.
0
0.02035
0.12634
0.01930
0.06925
0.04114
0.28397
1
0.01981
0.12593
0.01930
0.06910
0.04007
0.28397
2
0.01932
0.12553
0.01930
0.06896
0.03907
0.28397
3
0.01884
0.12514
0.01930
0.06881
0.03810
0.28397
4
0.01838
0.12476
0.01930
0.06867
0.03717
0.28397
5
0.01794
0.12440
0.01930
0.06853
0.03628
0.28397
6
0.01752
0.12405
0.01930
0.06839
0.03544
0.28397
7
0.01713
0.12371
0.01930
0.06826
0.03465
0.28397
8
0.01675
0.12338
0.01930
0.06813
0.03389
0.28397
9
0.01640
0.12306
0.01930
0.06799
0.03317
028397
10
0.01607
0.12276
0.01930
0.06786
0.032.50
0.28397
11
0.01577
0.12247
0.01930
0.06774
0.03189
0.28397
12
0.01549
0.12219
0.01930
0.06761
0.03133
0.28397
13
0.01523 i 0.12192
0.01930
0.06749
0.03082
0.28397
14
0.01500
0.12166
0.01930
0.06737
0.03034
0.28397
15
0.01478
0.12142
0.01930
0.06725
0.02989
0.28397
16
0.01458
0.12119
0.01930
0.06713
0.02949
0.28397
17
0.01441
0.12097
0.01930
0.06701
0.02914
0.28397
18
0.01426
0.12076
0.01930
0.06690
0.02884
0 28397
19
0.01419
0.12056
0.01930
0.0(5679
0.02858
0.28397
20
0.01403
0.12038
0.01930
0.06668
002838
0.28397
21
0.12021
0.01930
0.06657
22
0.12005
001930
0.06646
23
0.11990
0.01930
0 06636
24
0.11976
0.01930
0.06626
GASES.
137
°C.
Carbonic Acid.
Carbonic Oxide.
Protoxide of Nitrogen.
Deutoxide
of Nitrogen
in Alcohol.
In Water.
In Alcohol.
In Water.
In Alcohol.
In Water.
In Alcohol
0
.7967
4.3295
0.03287
0.20443
1.3052
4.1780
0.31606
i
.7207
4.2368
0.03207
0.20443
1.2605
4.1088
0.31262
2
.6481
4.1466
0.03131
0.20443
1.2172
4.0409
0.30928
3
.5787
4.0589
0.03057
0.20443
1.1752
3.9741
0.30604
4
.5126
3.9736
0.02987
0.20443
1.1346
3.9085
0.30290
5
.4497
3.8908
0.02920
0.20443
1.0954
3.8442
0.29985
6
.3901
3.8105
0.02857
0.20443
1.0575
3.7811
0.29690
7
.3339
3.7327
0.02796
0.20443
1.0210
3.7192
0.29405
8
.2809
3.6573
0.02739
0.20443
0.9858
3.6585
0.29130
9
.2311
3.5844
0.02686
0.20443
0.9520
3.5990
0.28865
10
.1847
3.5140
0.02635 0.20443
0.9196
3.5408
0.28609
11
1.1416
3.4461
0.02588 0.20443
0.8885
3.4838
0.28363
12
1.1018
3.3807
0.02544 0.20443
0.8588
3.4279
0.28127
13
1.0653
3.3178
0.02504 0.20443
0.8304
3.3734
0.27901
It
1.0321
3.2573
0.02466 0.20443
0.8034
3.3200
0.27685
15
1.0020
3.1993
0.02432 : 0.20443
0.7778
3.2678
0.27478
16
0.9753
3.1438
0.02402
0.20443
0.7535
3.2169
0.27281
17
0.9519
3.0908
0.02374
0.20443
0.7306
3.1672
0.27094
18
0.9318
3.0402
0.02350
0.20443
0.7090
3.1187
0.26917
19
0.9150
2.9921
0.02329
0.20443
0.6888
3.0714
0.26750
20
0.9014
2.9465
0.02312
0-20443
0.6700
3.0253
0.26592
21
2.9034
0.6525
2.9805
0.26444
22
2.8628
0.6364
2.9368
0-26306
23
2.8247
0.6216
2.8944
0.26178
24
2.7890
0.6082
2.8532
0.26060
138
GASES.
CO.
Marsh Gas.
Olefiant Gas.
Ethyl in '
Water.
Methyl In
Water.
In Water.
In Alcohol.
In Water.
In Alcohol.
0
0.05449
0.52259
0.2563
3.5950
0.03147
0.0871
1
0.05332
0.51973
0.2473
3.5379
0.03040
0.0838
2
0.05217
0.51691~
0.2388
3.4823
0.02947
0.0807
3
0.05104
0.51412
0.2306
3.4280
0.02856
0.0777
4
0.04993
0.51135
0.2227
3.3750
0.02770
0.0748
5
0.04885
0.50861
0.2153
3.3234
0.02689
0.0720
6
0.04778
0.50590
0.2082
3.2732
0.02613
0.0693
7
0.04674
0.50322
0.2018
3.2243
0.02541
0.0668
8
0.04571
0.50057
0.1952
3.1768
0.02474
0.0644
9
0.04470
0.49795
0.1893
3.1307
0.02412
0.0621
10
0.04372
0.49535
0.1837
3.0859
0.02355
0.0599
11
0.04275
0.49278
0.1786
3.0425
0.02303
0.0578
12
0.04180
0.49024
0.1737
3.0005
0.02257
0.0559
13
0.04088
0.48773
0.1693
2.9598
0.02216
0.0541
14
0.03997
0.48525
0.1652
2.9205
0.02179
0.0524
15
0.03909
0.48280
0.1615
2.8825
0.02147
0.0508
16
0.03823
'0.48037
0.1583
2.8459
0.02121
0.0493
17
0.03739
0.47798
0.1553
2.8107
0.02100
0.0480
18
0.03657
0.47561
0.1528
2.7768
0.02084
0.0468
19
0.03577
0.47327
0.1506
2.7443
0.02073
0.0457
20
0.03499
0.47096
0.1488
2.7131
0.02065
0.0447
21
0.46867
2.6833
22
0.46642
2.6549
23
0.46419
2.6279
24
0.46199
2.6022
GASES.
139
°c.
Sulphuretted Hydrogen.
Sulphurous Acid.
Ammonia
in Water.
Atmospheric
Air in Water.
In Water
In Alcohol.
In Water.
In Alcohol.
0
4.3706
17.891
68.861
328.62
1049.6
0.02471
1
4.2874
17.242
67.003
311.98
1020.8
0.02406
2
4.2053
16.606
65.169
295.97
993.3
0.02345
3
4.1243
15.983
63.360
280.58
967.0
0.02287
4
4.0442
15.373
61.576
265.81
941.9
0.02237
5
3.9652
14.776
59.816
241.67
917.9
0.02179
6
3.8872
14.193
58.080
238.16
895.0
0.02128
7
3.8103
13.623
56.369
225.25
873.1
0.02080
8
3.7345
13.066
54.683
212.98
852.1
0.02034
9
3.6596
12.523
53.021
201.33
832.0
0.01992
10
3.5858
11.992
51.383
190.31
812.8
0.01953
11
3.5132
11.475
49.770
179.91
794.3
0.01916
12
3.4415
10.971
48.182
170.13
776.6
0.01882
13
3.3708
10.480
46.618
160.98
759.6
0.01851
14
3.3J012
10.003
45.079
152.45
743.1
0.01822
15
3.2326
9.539
43.564
144.55
727.2
0.01795
16
3.1651
9.088
42.073
137.27
711.8
0.01771
17
3.0986
8.650
40.608
130.61
696.9
0.01750
18
3.0331
8.225
39.165
124.58
682.3
0.01732
19
2.9687
7.814
37.749
119.17
668.0
0.01717
20
2.9053
7.415
36.216
114.48
654.0
0.01704
21
2.8430
7.030
34.986
110.22
640.2
22
2.7817
6.659
33.910
106.68
626.5
23
2.7215
6.300
32-847
103.77
613.0
24
2.6623
5.955
31-800
101.47
599.5
140
GASES.
ESTIMATION OF THE WEIGHTS OF
Name of Gas.
Formulae.
1000 cc.
2000 cc.
3000 cc.
Chloride of Acetyl
C4H4C1
Grammes.
2.79386
Grammes.
5.58772
Grammes.
8.38158
Ethyl
C4H5
2.59349
5.18698
7.78047
Ammonia
H3N
0.76271
1.52542
2.28813
Antimony
Sb
23.06332
46.12664
69.18996
Antimomuretted Hydrogen
H3Sb
5.90026
11.80052
17.70078
Arsenic
As
13.40892
26.81784
40.22676
Arseniuretted Hydrogen
H3As
3.48665
6.97330
10.45995
Boron
B
1.94876
3.89752
5.84628
Chloride of Boron
BCL
5.24735
10.49470
15.74205
Fluoride of Boron
BF33
3.06166
6.12332
9.18498
Bromine
Br
6.99990
13.99980
20.99970
Hydrobromic Acid
HBr
3.54471
7.08942
10.63413
Chlorine
Cl
3.17344
6.34688
9.52032
Oxychloride of Carbon
CC10
4.42494
8.84988
13.27482
Hydrochloric Acid
HC1
1.63153
3.26306
4.89459
Cyanogen
Chloride of Cyanogen
CaN
C^Cl
2.32930
2.75137
4.65860
5.50274
6.98790
8.25411
Ditetryl
C8H8
2.50388
5.00776
7.51164
Elayl
C4H4
1.25194
2.50388
3.75582
Fluorine
Fl
1.71634
3.43268
5.14902
Hydrofluoric Acid
HF
0.90298
1.80596
2.70894
M:trsh gas
CaH4
0.71558
1.43116
2.14674
Iodine
I
11.36180
22.72360
34.08540
Hydriodic Acid
HI
5.72573
11.45146
17.17719
Silicon
Si
3.80814
7.61628
11.42442
Fluoride of Silicon
SiF,
4.70206
9.40412
14.10618
Carbon
C
1.07272
2.14544
3.21816
Carbonic Oxide
CO
1.25150
2.50300
3.75450
Carbonic Acid
C00
1.97741
3.99482
5.93223
Methyl
Pft
1.34152
2.68304
4.02456
Oxide of Methyl
CaH,0
2.056G9
4.11338
6.17007
Chloride of Methyl
CaH3Cl
2.25749
4.51498
6.77247
Phosphorus
P
5.54230
11.08460
16.62690
Phosphuretted Hydrogen
H8P
1.52000
3.04000
4.56000
GASES.
141
GASES FROM THEIR VOLUMES.
4000 cc.
5000 cc.
6000 cc.
7000 cc.
8000 cc.
9000 cc.
Orfcmmes.
11.17544
Grammes.
13.96930
Grammes.
16.76316
Grammes.
19.55702
Grammes.
22.35088
Grammes.
25.14474
10.37396
12.96745
15.56094
18.15443
20.74792
23.34141
3.05084
3.81355
4.57626
5.33897
6.10168
6.86439
92.25328
115.31660
138.37992 161.44324
184.50656
207.56992
23.60104
29.50130
35.40156
41.30182
47.20208
53.10234
53.63568
67.04460
80.45352
93.86244
107.27136
120.68028
13.94660
17.43325
20.91990
24.40650
27.89320
31.37985
7.79504
9.74380
11.69256
13.64132
15.59008
17.53884
20.98940
26.23675
31.48410
36.73145
41.97880
47.22615
12.24664
15.30830
18.36996
21.43162
24.49328
27.55494
27.99960
34.99950
41.99940
48.99930
55.99920
62.99910
14.17884
17.72355
21.26826
24.81297
28.35768
31.90239
12.69376
15.86720
19.04064
22.21408
25.38752
28.56096
17.69976
22.12470
26.54964
30.97458
35.39952
39.82446
6.52612
8.15765
9.78918
11.42071
13.05221
14.68377
9.31720
11.64650
13.97580
16.30510
18.63440
20.96370
11.00548
13.75685
16.50822
19.25959
22.0lo:i(;
24.76233
10.01552
12.51940
15.02328
17.52716
2003104
22.53492
5.00776
6.25970
7.51164
8.76356
10.01 5:. 2
11.26746
6.86536
8.58170
10.29804
12.01438
13.7.°,072
15.44706
3.61192
4.51490
5.41788
6 32086
7.22384
8.12682
2.86232
3.57790
4.29348
5.00906
5.72464
6.44022
45.44720
56.80900
68.17080
79.53260
90.89440
102.25620
22.90292
28.62865
34.35438
40.08011
45.80:, M
51.53157
15.23256
19.04070
22.s
26.6;
30.4 (I.-) 12
34.27326
18.80824
23.51030
28.21236
32.91442
37.61648
42.3 is:, l
4.29088
5.36;
6.43632
7.50904
8.58176
9.65448
5.00600
6.25750
7.50900
8.76050
10.01200
11.26350
7.98964
BUM
1.86476
13.84 is:
15.81928
17.79669
5.36608
6.70760
8.04912
9.39064
10.73216
12.07368
8.22676
10.28345
12.34014
14.39683
16.45352
18.51021
9.02996
11.28745
13.54494
15.81
18.05992
20.31741
22.16920
27.71150
33.25380
38.79610
44.33840
49.8SU70
6.08000
7.60000
9.12000
10-64000
12.16000
13.68000
142
GASE9.
Name of Gas.
Formulas.
1000 cc.
2000 cc.
8000 cc.
Oxygen
Sulphur
o
s
Grammes.
1.42980
17.16336
Grammes.
2.85960
34.32672
Grammes.
4.28941
51.49008
Sulphurous Acid
S02
' 2.86056
5.72112
8.58168
Sulphuretted Hydrogen
HS
1.51991
3.03982
4.55973
Selenium
Se
7.02556
14.05112
21.07668
Selenuretted Hydrogen
HSe
3.60239
7.20478
10.80717
Nitrogen
N
1.25618
2.51236
3.76854
Deutoxide of Nitrogen
N02
1.34343
2.68686
4.03029
Protoxide of Nitrogen
NO
1.97172
3.94344
5.91516
Tellurium
Te
11.53525
23.07050
34.60575
Telluretted Hydrogen
HTe
5.85723
11.71446
17.57169
Water Vapor
HO
0.80475
1.60950
2.41425
Hydrogen
H
0.08958
0.17916
0.26874
Atmospheric Air
1.29319
2.58638
3.87957
ESTIMATION OF THE VOLUME OF OXYGEN
Volume of Air.
100.00.
200.00.
300.00.
Volume of Nitrogen
Volume of Oxygen
79.04
20,96
158.08
41.92
237.12
62.88
GASES.
143
4000 cc.
5000 cc.
6000 cc.
7000 cc.
8000 cc.
9000 cc.
Grammes.
1.71921
Grammes.
7.14901
Grammes.
8.57881
Grammes.
10.00861
Grammes.
1 1.41 S 12
Grammes.
12.86822
68.65344
85.81680
102.98016
120.14352
137.30688
154.47024
11.44224
14.30280
17.16336
20.02392
22.88448
25.74504
6.07964
7.59955
9.11946
10.63937
12.15928
13.67919
28.10224
35.12780
42.15336
49.17892
56.20448
63.23004
14.40956
18.01195
21.61434
2.-). 21 6 73
28.81912
32.42151
5.02572
6.28090
7.53708
8.79326
10.04944
11.30562
5.37372
6.71615
8.06058
9.40301
10.74744
12.09087
7.88688
9.85860
11.83032
13.80204
15.77376
17.74548
46.14100
57.67625
69.21150
80.74675
92.28200
103.81725
23.42892
29.28615
35.14338
41.00061
46.85784
52.71507
3.21900
4.02375
4.82850
5.63325
6.43800
7.24275
0.35832
0.44790
0.53748
0.62706
0.71664
0.80622
5.17276
6.46595
7.75914
9.05233
10.34562
11.63871
AND NITROGEN IN ATMOSPHERIC AIR,
40000.
600.00.
600.00.
700.00.
800.00.
900.00.
316.16
83.84
395.20
104.80
474.24
125.76
553.28
146.72
632.32
167.68
711.36
188.64
TABLES
RELATING TO LIGHT
FORMULAS.
IF d represent the density and n the index of refraction of a liquid for
a given ray of light, the quantity
n — 1
d
is found to be constant, and is termed the specific refractive power. The
relation between the specific refractive power of a mixture and the spe
cific refractive powers of its constituents is given by the equation,
P
'P=
where, p, ;/, p", &c. represent the weights of the constituents in P units
of weight of the mixture.
Hence, if the specific refractive power of a mixture be determined at
any temperature from its index of refraction and density, and if the cor
responding values are known for each constituent, the relative weights of
the latter may easily be calculated when only two are present.
If P be taken as 100 we have
whence,
100
d d1
p' = 100 — p.
148
LIGHT.
TABLE
OF WAVE LENGTHS IN MILLIONTIIS OF MILLIMETRES.
Those marked * are Angstrom's measurements.
DITSCIIEINER. — Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Bd. L.
Heft III. Jahrgang, 1864. Corrected according to the Wave Length of Da given by
Angstrom. (Pogg. Ann. CXXIII. s. 489.)
Kirchhoff's Wave
Line. Length.
Kirchhoff's
Line.
Wave
Length
Kirchhoff's
Line.
Wave
Length
Kirchhoff's
Line.
Wave
Length.
A *761.20
1242.6
557.77
1737.7
511.42
2221.7
474.34
B 592.7*687.49
1280.0
553.27
1750.4
510.30
2233.7
473.36
C 694.1*656.77
1303.5 551.13
1777.5
508.41
2250.0
472.26
711.4 652.09
1306.7 550.70
1799.0
506.91
2264.3
470.71
719.6 650.05
1324.8 548.13
1834.3
504.55
2309.0
467.07
783.8 634.05
1337.0
546; 78
1854.9
503.25
2416.0
460.63
831.0 623.61
1343.5
546.05
1867.1
502.26
2436.5
458.66
849.7 619.72
1351.1
545.08
1873.4
501.67
2457.5
456.81
860.2 617.50
1 36 7.0
543.42
1885.8
501.07
2467.6
455.71
863.9 616.73
1389.4
540.91
1908.5
499.72
2489.4
453.73
874.3^ 614.74
1410.5
538.79
1920.2
498.78
2537.1
450.56
877.0 614. 2 I
1421.5
537.52
1960.8
496.15
2547.2
450.13
884.9 612.76
1449.4
534.41
1975.7
495.04
2566.3
448.46
894.9 610.82
1463.3
533.29
1983.3
494.34
2606.6
446.00
959.8 598.14
1492.4
530.22
1989.5
493.76
2627.0
444.65
D/3 1002.8*590.04
1506.3
528.79
2001.6
492.22
2638.5
443.85
Dy 1004. 8*589.74
1515.5
528.02
2018.5
491.41
2670.0
442.29
Da 1006.8*589.43
E 1523.7
*527.38
2041.3
489.54
2686.6
440.87
1029.3 586.26
1541.9
525.98
2058.0
488.18
2721.6
438.75
10:11;. 1 576.72
1569.6
523.74
2067.1
487.55
2734.1
437.80
1102.9 575.78
1577.6
523.09 -F 2080.0
*486.52
2775.7
435.67
1135.1 571.51
15S9.1
521.97
2103.3
484.63
2796.7
434.34
1155.7 568.70
1601.7
521.82
2119.8
482.81
2S-J2.3
432.82
1174.2 5i;il.3:{
1622.3
519.67
2148.9
480.56
(i 2*51.7
*4 .'!l.o;{
1200.6 562.97
1684.1
518.73
2157.4
479.55
2869.7
430.37
1207.3 561.98
b 1648.8
517.70
2160.6
479.23
H
*397.16
1217.8 5(50.77
1655.6
517.15
2187.1
476.93
II'
*393.59
1237.8' 559.13
1693.8J 514.65
2201.9
475.90
LIGHT.
149
TABLE
OF WAVE LENGTHS OF VARIOUS WELL-MARKED LINES OF THE
SPECTRUM IX MILLIONTHS OF A MILLIMETRE.
W. GIBBS —American Jour, of Science, XXXIX. 217.
Line.
Wave Length.
Observer.
Line.
Wave Length.
Observer.
aL
676.3
Miiller
el
516.7
Pliicker
/3N
661.0
u
ySiCla
505.0
H
all
653.3
Pliicker
/3H
484.3
U
a PCI,
649.3
u
£Br
479.3
u
a SnCL
644.5
II
yd
479.2
u
a SiCl2
632.9
u
7Br
476.6
tl
aO
615.0
u
8Br
469.1
11
11N
608.9
II
^•1
466.1
u
/3PC1,
602.4
•
8S2
463.1
Miiller
0 S1C12
597.8
H
*I
462.9
Pliieker
01
594.7
H
yPCl,
459.1
it
/3 SnCL
579.4
II
f SnCl2
452.4
u
a Her •
578.2
H
CC02
450.1
M
17N
576.2
U
61
444.6
u
a'Hcr
575.9
U
rjCO,
438.2
M
yCO.
y SnCL
559.9
558.4
II
u
80
yHg
436.7
435.9
H
H
0Hg
546.1
u
yH
433.9
U
aCl
545.1
II
tl
421.5
II
51
533.7
U
L
379.1
Esselbach
8 SnCL
533.3
H
INI
365.7
u
00
532.8
u
N
349.8
II
0ei
521.6
u
0
336.0
u
SCO,
519.0
II
P
329.0
u
70
518.5
((
Q
323.2
tt
aBr
516.9
H
R
309.1
H
150
LIGHT.
INDICES OF
OF SOME OF THE MOST
A = The diminution in refraction for
LANDOLT. — Pogg. Ann., Bd.
Compounds.
Formula.
Combining
Number.
P.
Specific
Gravity.
d.
Pa
Water
HO
9
1.0000
1.331110
A
0.000096
Formic Acid
C2H204
46
1.2211
1.369270
A
0.000395
Acetic Acid
C4H404
60
1.0514
1.369850
A
0.000418
Propionic Acid
C6HG04
74
0.9963
1.384600
A
0.000399
Butyric Acid
C8H804
88
0.9610
1.395540
A
0.000412
Valeric Acid
C10H10O4
102
0.9313
1.402200
A
0.000406
Capronic Acid
CWA
116
0.9252
1.411640
A
0.000396
CEnanthic Acid
CUH14O«
130
0.9175
1.419230
A
0.000391
Methyl Alcohol
C,H402
32
0.7964
1.327890
A
0.000380
Ethyl Alcohol
C4H0Oa
46
0.8011
1.360540
A
0.000400
Propyl Alcohol
CcH8Of
60
0.8042
1.379380
Butyl Alcohol
C8H10Oa
74
0.8074
1.393950
A
0.000390
Amyl Alcohol
C10Hia02
88
0.8135
1.405730
A
0.000390
Acetate of Methyl
C6H604
74
0.9053
1.359150
A
0.000520
Formate of Ethyl
C6H604
74
0.9078
1.358000
A
0.000530
Acetate of Ethyl
C8H804
88
0.9021
1.370680
A
0.000500
Butyrate of Methyl
C10H1004
102
0.8976
1.386 930
A
0.000490
LIGHT.
REFRACTION
COMMON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
an elevation of temperature of one degree.
117, S. 353, Bd. 122, S. 645.
^
t*l
A
B
/*a-l
p/^a-lX
d
*V d )
1.337120
1.340380
1.323920
0.30997
0.3311
5.96
0.000108
0.000110
1.376430
1.380410
1.360620
0.37250
0.3024
13.91
0.000400
0.000433
0.000368
1.376480
1.380170
1.361840
0.34588
0.3518
21.11
0.000408
0.000430
0.000409
1.391290
1.395130
1.376430
0.35210
0.3860
28.57
0.000402
0.000402
0.000397
1.402460
1.406490
1.387040
0.36614
0.4116
36.22
0.000419
0.000429
0.000398
1.409310
1.413490
1.393440
0.37751
0.4319
44.05
0.000420
0.000423
0.000393
1.419000
1.423230
1.402640
0.38754
0.4449
51.61
0.000409
0.000413
0.000380
1.426630
1.431060
1.410050
0.39557
0.4569
59.40
0.000411
0.000410
0.000375
1.333200
1.336210
1.321430
0.27821
0.4117
13.17
0.000400
0.000400
1.366650
1.369970
1.353220
0.31532
0.4501
20.70
0.000410
0.000410
1.385810
1.389320
1.371670
0.33238
0.4717
28.30
1.400690
1.404-170
1.385790
0.35177
0.4879
36.11
0.000410
0.000410
1.412780
1.416890
1.397070
0.37317
0.4987
43.89
0.000400
0.000420
1.365390
1.368930
1.351560
0.32702
0.3967
29.36
0.000520
0.000530
1.364200
1.367820
1.350380
0.32836
0.3944
29.18
0.000550
0.000570
1.377090
1.380670
1.362930
0.33405
0.4109
36.16
0.000520
0.000540
1.393590
1.397420
1.378790
0.35077
0.4311
43.97
0.000510
0.000520
152
LIGHT.
Compounds.
Formula.
Combining
Number.
P.
Specific
Gravity.
d.
,.
Valerate of Methyl
CiaH1204
116
0.8809
1.392720
A
0.000460
Butyrate of Ethyl
C12H1204
116
0.8906
1.394040
A
0.000480
Formate of Amyl
CuHj.0,
116
0.8816
1.395920
A
0.000480
Valerate of Ethyl
C14H1404
130
0.8674
1.395000
A
0.000470
Acetate of Amyl
C14II1404
130
0.8574
1.401680
A
0.000430
Valerate of Amyl
C^HjjA
172
0.8581
1.409780
Aldehyde
C4H4Oa
44
0.7810
1.329750
A
0.000580
Valeral
C10H1002
86
0.7995
1.386140
A
0.000470
Aceton
C6H602
58
0.7931
1.357150
A
0.000520
Ether
C8H1002
74
0.7166
1.351120
A
0.000580
Anhydrous Acetic Acid
C8H606
102
1.0836
1.388320
A
0.000460
Glycol
C4H604
62
1.1092
1.425300
A
0.000280
Binacetate of Glycol
Glycerin
CAOs
C6H866
146
92
1.1583
1.2615
1.419320
1.470630
A
0.000200
Lactic Acid
C6H6Oa
90
1.2427
1.439150
A
0.000370
Phenic Acid
C12IIe02
94
1.0722
1.544470
A
0.000420
Bitter Almond Oil
CUH002
106
1.0474
1.539140
A
0.000500
Salicylous Acid
C14H604
122
1.1693
1.564670
A
0.000490
Methylsalicylic Acid
c10n.o.
152
1.1824
1.530190
A
0.000440
Benzoate of Methyl
C10H8O4
136
1.0882
1.511580
A
0.000450
Benzoate of Ethyl
C18H1004
150
1.0491
1.501040
A
0.000460
f^a •> Pp > P'y == the Indices of Refraction for the three Hydrogen lines,
Ha, HP, and Hy.
LIGHT.
153
!
4
/?
Pa-1
P(^-l\
^
*
X>
d
P( d )
1.399690
1.403700
1.384200
0.36715
0.4458
51 71
0.000470
0.000480
1.400730
1.404600
1.385800
0.35310
0.4424
51.32
0.000490
0.000500
1.402690
1.406890
1.387410
0.36682
0.4491
52.09
0.000500
0.000510
1.401870
1.405830
1.386590
0.36214
0.4554
59.20
0.000480
0.000490
1.408760
1.412710
1.393120
0.36882
0.4685
60.90
0.000430
0.000440
1.417120
1.421240
1.400890
0.38320
0.4775
82.14
1.335880
1.339370
1.322290
0.32161
0.4222
18.58
0.000610
0.000620
1.393360
1.397290
1.377490
0.37283
0.4830
41.54
0.000500
0.000520
1.363920
1.367800
1.348880
0.35612
0.4503
26.12
0.000540
0.000550
1.357200
1.360710
1.343680
0.32067
0.4900
36.26
0.000590
0.000590
1.395250
1.399270
1.379820
0.36614
0.3584
36.56
0.000470
0.000490
1.432510
1.436620
1.416510
0.37832
0.3834
23.77
0.000320
0.000370
1 426810
1.431200
1.410100
0.39725
0.3620
52.85
1.478450
1.482810
1.461180
0.40728
0.3731
34.32
0.000220
0.000240
1.446860
1.451350
1.429680
040794
0.3534
31.81
0.000380
0.000380
1.563570
1.575550
1.520350
1.03925
0.5078
47.73
0.000440
0.000470
1.562350
1.577490
1.509400
1.28201
0.5147
54.56
0.000510
0.000540
1.596000
1.620080
1.521670
1.85280
0.4829
58.91
0.000520
0.000540
1.5521-20
1.567180
1.501480
1.23687
0.4484
68.16
0.000460
0.000510
1.528900
1.539890
1.489610
0.94663
0.4701
63.94
0.000490
0.000500
1.517150
1.527490
1.480510
0.88444
0.4776
71.64
0.000510
0.000550
A = Coefficient of Refraction.
B = Coefficient of Dispersion in Cauchy's formula
154
LIGUT.
TABLE
OF INDICES OF REFRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS.
GLADSTONE. —Journal of the Chemical Society of London, N. S. Vol. II. p. 1.
Crude Oils.
Specific
Gravity
15.5 °C.
Refractive Indices.
Rotation.
Temp.
A
D
H
Anise
0.9852
0
16.5
.5433
1.5566
1.6118
o
— 1.0
Antkerosperma Moschatum
1.0425
14.0
.5172
1.5274
1.5628
4 7.0
Bay
0.8808
18.5
.4944
1.5022
1.5420
— 6.0
Bergamot
0.8825
22.0
.4559
1.4625
1.4779G
4- 23.0
" Florence
0.8804
26.5
.4547
1.4614
1.4760G + 40.0
Birch Bark
0.9005
8.0
.4851
1.4921
1.5172
-f 38.0
Cajeput
0.9203
25.5
.4561
1.4611
1.4778
0.0
Calamus
0.9388
10.0
.4965
1.5031
1.5204G
-f 43.5
" Hamburg
0.9410
11.0
.4843
1.4911
1.5144
-1-42.0?
Caraway
0.8845
19.0
.4601
1.4671
1.4886
-j- 63.0
" Hamburg 1st dist.
0.9121
10.0
.4829
1.4903
1.5142
<( u 2d "
0.8832
10.5
1.4784
Cascarilla
0.8956
10.0
.4844
1.4918
1.5158
4- 26.0
Cassia
1.0297
19.5
.5602
1.5748
1.6243G
0.0
Cedar
0.9622 23.0
.4978
1.5035
1.5238
4- 3.0
Cedrat
0.8584 18.0
.4671
1.4731
1.4952
4-156.0
Citronella
0.8908 21.0
.4599
1.4659
1.4866
— 4.0
" Penang
0.8847J 15.5
.4604
1.4665
1.4875
1.0
Cloves
1.0475 17.0
.5213
1.5312
1.5666
— 4.0
Coriander
0.8775 10.0
1.4592
1.4652
1.4805G
421.0?
Cubebs
0.9414
10.0
1.4953
1.5011
1.5160G
Dill
0.8922 11.5
1.4764
1.4834
.5072
4206.0
Elder
0.8584 8.5
.4686
1.4749
.4965
4- 14.5
Eucalyptus amygdalina
0.8812: 13.5
.4717
1.4788
.5021
—136.0
" oleosa
0.9322: 13.5
.4661
1.4718
.4909
4 4.0
Indian Geranium
0.9043 21.5
.4653
1.4714
.4868G
— 4.0
Lavender
0.8903 20.0
.4586
1.4648
.4862
— 20.0
Lemon-grass
0.8932 21.0
1.4705
— 3.0?
" Penang
0.8766j 13.5
.4756
1.4837
1.5042
0.0
Malaleuca ericifolia
0.9030
9.0
.4655
1.4712
1.4901
4- 26.0
" linarifolia
0.9016
9.0
.4710
1.4772
1.4971
4- 11.0
Mint
0.9342
19.0
.4767
1.4840
1.5015G
—116.0
u
0.9105
14.5
.4756
1.4822
1.5037
- 13.0
LIGHT.
.-K^i.
of
Crude Oils.
Specific
Gravity
16.5 -C.
Refractive Indicea
Rotation.
Temp.
A
D
H
Myrtle
0.8911
0
14.0
1.4623
1.4680
1.4879
4- 21.0
Myrrh
1.0189
7.5
1.5196
1.5278
l.:,172G— 136.0
Neroli
0.8789
18.0
1.4614
1.4676
1.4835G-
- 15.0
u
0.8743
10.0
1.4673
.4741
1.488 IF -
- 28.0
Nutmeg
0.8826
24.0
1.4644
.4709
1.4934 -
- 44.0
" Penang
0.9069
16.0
1.4749
.4818
1.5053
- 9.0
Orange-peel
0.8509
20.0
1.4633
.4699
1.4916 -
-32.0?
Florence
0.8864
20.0
1.4707
.4774
1.4980 -
-216.0
Parsley
0.9926
8.5
1.5068
1.5162
1.5417G — 9.0
Patchouli
0.9554
21.0
1.4990
1.5050
'1.5194G
*• Penang
0.9592
21.0
1.4980 1.6040
1.5183G— 120.0
" French
1.0119
14.0
1.5074,1.5132
1.5202F
Peppermint
0.9028
14.5
1.4612 1.4670
1.4854
- 72.0
" Florence
0.9116
14.0
1.4628
1.46821.4867
- 44.0
Petit Grain
0.8765
21.0
1.4536
.4600
1.4808
-4- 26.0
Rose
0.8912
25.0
1.4567 .4627
1.4835
- 7.0
Rosemary
0.9080
16.5
1.4632 .4688
1.4867
-f 17.0
Rosewood
0.9064
17.0
1.4843 .4903
1.5113
- 16.0
Sandalwood
0.9750
24.0
1.4959, .5021
1.5227
- 50.0
Thyme
0.8843
19.0
1.4695 .4754
1.4909G
Turpentine
0.8727
13.0
1.4672 .4732
1.4938
- 79.0
Verbena
0.8812
20.0
1.4791 .4870
1.5059G— 6.0
Wintergreen
1.1423
15.0
1.5163 .5278
1.5737 -|- 3.0
Wormwood
0.9122
18.0
1.4631 .4688
1.4756FI
NOTE. — The tube by which the Angle of Rotation was determined was
ten inches long. The numbers marked G and F are the indices of
t5
refraction for the lines G and F, the color of the liquid preventing II
from being seen.
Io6
LIGHT.
TABLE
OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HYDROCARBONS OF THE
ESSENTIAL OILS.
GLADSTONE. —Journal of the Chemical Society of London, 2d Series, Vol. II. p 1.
Source of Hydrocarbon.
Sp. Or.
at
20^ C.
= D
Boil
ing
Point.
Index of
1 Refrac
tion
: of A at
20 >C.
juf-.
Dis
per
sion.
AtoH
A 10°
v '1-1
D
Rota
tion.
Orange peel
.8460
0
174
1.4645
.0277
.0048
,5490
0
-f 154
" " Florence
.8468
174
1.4650
.0281
.0049
.5491
-f-260
Cedrat
.8466
173 1.4650
.0280
.0049 -5492
-j-180
Lemon
.8468
173
1.4660
.0280
0049 .5502
--172
Bergamot
.8466
175
1.4619
.0295
.0049
.5456
-4- 76
" Florence
.8464
176
1.4602
.0287
.0048
.5437
-- 82
Neroli
.8466 173
1.4614
.0291
.0047
.5450
4- 76
Petit Grain
.8470 174
1.4617
.0282
.0046
.5439
4- 60
Caraway Hamburg 1st dist. .8466 176 11.4645
.0286
.0048
.5486
-j-180
Dill
.8467! 173 1 1.4643
.0288
.0046
.5486
-f242
Cascarilla
.8467
172 1.4652
.0305 .0049
5494
0
Elder
.8468
172
1.4631
.0269
.0047
.5468
-f I*
Bay
.8508
171
1.4542
.0260
.0047
.5338
— 22
Gaultherilene
.8510
168
1.4614
.0271
.0049 .5422
Nutmeg
" Penang
.8518
.8527
167
166
1.4630
1.4634
0284.0047
02741.0049
.5435
.5434
ti
Carvene
.8530
166
1.4610
0261
.0048 .5440
— 20
Hamburg 2d dist.
Wormwood
.8545
.8565
160
1.4641
1.4590
0263
0253
.0048
.0047
.5431
.5359
4- 86
4-46
Terebene
.8583
160
1.4670
0275
.0048
.5440
0
Anise
.8580
160-14607
0268
.0047
.5368
Mint
.8600
160 14622
0255
.0048
.5374
-f- 30
Peppermint
.8602
175
1.4577
0267
.0047
.5321
— 60
Laurel Turpentine
.8618
160
1.4637
0260
.0047
.5380
-h 94
Thyme
.8635
160
1.4617
0282 .0048
.5346
— 75
Turpentine I
.8644
160
1.4612
.0250
.0047
.5335
4- 48
n
.8555
160
1.4590
.0256
.0047
.5365
— 87
m.
.8614
160 1.4621
.02491
.5364
— 90
IV
.8600
16v/1.4613
.0254!
.0047
.5364
— 88
Eucalyptus amygdalina
.8642
171 11.4696.0323
.0049 .5434
—142
LIGHT.
157
Index of
Sp.Gr.
Refrac
Die-
Source of Hydrocarbon,
at
20-0.
Boil
ing
Point.
tion
of A&t
20- C.
per-
sion,
AtoH
A 10°
D
Rota
tion.
Myrtle
.8690
o
163
1.4565
.0248
.0047
.5253
+ 6°4
Parsley
.8732
160
1.4665
.0291
.0046 .5355
— 44
Rosemary
.8805
163
1.4583
.0241
.0046 .5205
+ 8
Cloves
.9041
249
1.4898
.0284
.0045 .5417
Rosewood
.9042
249
1.4878
.0277
.0045 .5395 — 11
Cubebs
.9062
260 1.4950
.o:5i>2.0041 .5462
-f 59
Calamus
.9180
260
1.4930
.0322.0042 .5370
-- 55
" Hamburg '
.9275
260
1.4976
.0337.0043 .5365
-- 22
Cascarilla
.9212
254
1.4926
.0307.0042 .5347
-- 72
Patchouli
.9211
2.-> I 1.4966
.0274 .0042 .5391
" Penang
.9278
257 1.4963
.0275 .0044 .5349
— 90
" French
.9255
260 1.5009
.0262.0042 .5412
Colophene
.9391
315 1.5084
.0309.0041 .5413
0
MISCELLANEOUS.
SOLUBILITIES OF SOME OF THE MORE COMMON
PRECIPITATES.
FRESENIUS. — Quaa Analysis, pp. 740-749.
Bichloride of Potassium and Platinum. — In absence of
free Hydrochloric acid one part of the salt dissolves in 12083 parts of
alcohol of 97.5 per cent, in 3775, of 76 per cent, and in 1053, of 55 per
cent. In presence of free Hydrochloric acid, in 1835, of 76 per cent.
Bichloride of Ammonium and Platinum. — In absence of
free Hydrochloric acid, one part of the salt dissolves in 26535 parts of
alcohol of 97.5 per cent, in 1406 parts of alcohol of 76 per cent, in 665
parts of alcohol of 55 per cent. In presence of free Hydrochloric acid,
one part of the salt requires 672 parts of spirit of 76 per cent.
Carbonate of Barium. — One part dissolves in 14137 parts of
water at 15-20°. One part dissolves in 15432 parts of boiling water.
One part dissolves in 141000 parts of water containing Ammonia, Car
bonate of Ammonium, and Chloride of Ammonium.
Fluosilicate of Barium. — One part of the salt requires 3802
parts of cold, or 3392 parts of boiling water for solution. One part of
the salt requires from 640 to 733 parts of water acidified with Hydro
chloric for solution.
Sulphate of Strontium. — One part of the salt dissolves in 6895
parts of water at 14°, in 9638 parts of boiling water, in 11862 parts of
water containing Sulphuric and Hydrochloric acids, in 432 parts of Nitric
acid of 4.8 per cent, in 474 parts of Hydrochloric of 8.5 per cent, and in
7843 parts of Acetic acid of 15.6 per cent.
Carbonate of Strontium. — One part of the salt requires 18045
parts of cold water for solution, and 56545 parts of a solution containing
Carbonate of Ammonium and free Ammonia.
162 MISCELLANEOUS.
Carbonate of Calcium. — One part dissolves in 8834 parts of
boiling, or in 10601 parts of cold water. One part requires 65246 parts
of a solution of Carbonate of Ammonium and free Ammonia to dis
solve it.
Basic Phosphate of Magnesium and Ammonium. —
One part dissolves in 15293 parts of pure water, in 44600 parts of water
containing free Ammonia, in 7548 parts of water containing Chloride of
Ammonium, and in 15627 parts of water containing Chloride of Ammo
nium and Ammonia.
Magnesia. — One part dissolves in 55368 parts of water.
Basic Carbonate of Zinc. — One part dissolves in 44642 parts
of water.
Carbonate of Lead. — One part requires 50551 parts of water,
or 23450 parts of a dilute solution of Acetate of Ammonium, Carbonate
of Ammonium, and Ammonia for Solution.
Sulphate of Lead. — One part dissolves in 22816 parts of pure
water, and in 36504 parts of water containing Sulphuric acid.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
FRENCH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Measure of Length.
One Myriametre
" Kilometre
" Hectometre
" Decametre
" Metre
" Decimetre
" Centimetre
" Millimetre
= 10000 Metres.
=
1000
u
==
100
u
=
10
u
=
1
u
=
0.1
u
=
0.01
u
_
0.001
il
Square Measure.
One Centiare = 1 Square Metre.
" Are = 100 " Metres.
" Hectare = 10,000 " "
Cubic Measure.
One Cubic Metre
" " Decimetre
" " Centimetre
" " Millimetre
One Litre
Cubic Metre.
1
0.001 "
0.000,001 "
0.000,000,001 "
1000 c.c.
Weights.
One Kilogramme =
" Hectogramme =
" Decagramme =
" Gramme =
" Decigramme =
" Centigramme =
" Milligramme =
One Gramme = 15.4336 Grains =
3.9° C. and 760 m.m. pressure.
1000 Grammes.
100 «»
10 "
1 "
0.1 "
0.01 "
0.001 "
one Cubic Centimetre of water at
1G4
MISCELLANEOUS.
VALUES OF ENGLISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN FRENCH OR
DECIMAL.
Wine Measure.
One Gallon
" Quart
" Pint
« Gill
" Fluid Ounce
4.5435 Litres.
1.1359 "
.5679 "
.1420 "
28.4 Cubic Centimetres.
Long Measure.
)ne Mile = 1609.4083 Metres.
" Furlong =
« Rod =
201.1760
5.0297
u
u
" Yard =
.9144
it
" Foot =
.3048
u
" Inch =
2.54 Centimetres.
" Line =
.21
it
Square Measure.
One Square Mile
=
" " Acre
=
" " Rood
=
" " Rod
=
" " Yard
— .
" " Foot
— .
" " Inch
—
258.9894 Hectares.
40.4671 Ares.
10.1168 "
25.292 Square Metres.
0.8360 " "
.0929 " "
6.45 " Centimetres.
Cubic Measure.
One Cubic Foot = 28315.3119 Cubic Centimetres.
" " Inch = 16.3862 « "
MISCELLANEOUS. 165
Avoirdupois Weight.
One Ton, 2000 Ibs., = 907.18530 Kilogrammes.
« Hundred Wt., 100 Ibs., = 45.359265
" Pound .45359265 "
" Ounce = 28.3494 Grammes.
" Dram = 1.7718 "
Troy Weight.
One Pound = 373.242 Grammes.
" Ounce = 31.1035 "
" Pennyweight = 1.5522 "
" Grain = .0648 "
Apothecaries' Weight.
One Pound = 373.242 Grammes.
" Ounce = 31.1035 "
« Dram 8.8779 "
Scruple 1.296 "
" Grain = .0648 "
TABLE OF LOGARITHMS.
LOGARITHMS.
169
TABLE
OF LOGARITHMS FROM 1 TO 100.
1
0.00000
26
.41497
51
1.70757
76
.88081
2
0.30103
27
.43136
52
1.71600
77
.88649
3
0.47712
28
.44716
53
1.72428
78
.89209
4
0.60206
29
.46240
54
1.73239
79
.89763
5
0.69897
30
.47712
55
1.74036
80
.90309
6
0.77815
31
.49136
56
1.74819
81
.90849
7
0.84510
32
.50515
57
1.75587
82
.91381
8
0.90309
33
.51851
58
1.76343
83
.91908
9
0.95424
34
.53148
59
1.77085
84
1.92428
10
1.00000
35
.54407
60
1.77815
85
1.92942
11
.04139
36
.55630
61
1.78533
86
1.93450
12
.07918
37
.56820
62
1.79239
87
1.93952
13
.11394
38
.57978
63
1.79934
-88
1.94448
14
.14613
39
.59106
64
1.80618
89
1.94939
15
.17609
40
.60206
65
1.81291
90
1.95424
16
.20412
41
.61278
66
1.81954
91
1.95904
17
.23045
42
.62325
67
1.82607
92
1.96379
18
.25527
43
.63347
68
1.83251
93
1.96848
19
.27875
44
.64345
69
1.83885
94
1.97313
20
.30103
45
.65321
70
1.84510
95
1.97772
21
.32222
46
.66276
71
1.85126
96
1.98227
22
.34242
47
.67210
72
1.85733
97
1.98677
23
.36173
48
.68124
73
1.86332
98
1.99123
24
.38021
49
.69020
74
1.86923
99
1.99564
25
.39794
50
.69897
75
1.87506
100
2.00000
NOTE. — In the following table the two leading figures in the first
column of Logarithms are to be prefixed to all the numbers of the same
horizontal line in the next nine columns, but when an asterisk (*) occurs,
the two leading figures are to be taken from the next lower line.
170
LOGARITHMS.
0
1
3
3
ft
5
G
7
8
9
100
00000
043
087
130
173
217
260
303
346
389
101
432
475
518
561
604
647
689
732
775
817
102
860
903
945
988
*030
*072
*115
*157
*199
*242
103
01284
326
368
410
452
494
536
578
620
662
104
703
745
787
828
870
912
953
995
*036
*078
105
02119
160
202
243
284
325
366
407
449
490
106
531
572
612
653
694
735
776
816
857
898
107
938
979
*019
*060
*100
*141
*181
*222
*262
*302
108
03342
383
423
463
503
543
583
623
663
703
109
743
TS2
822
862
902
941
981
*021
*060
*100
110
04139
179
218
258
297
336
376
415
454
493
111
532
571
610
650
689
727
766
805
844
883
112
922
961
999
*038
*077
*115
*154
*192
*231
*269
113
05308
346
385
423
461
500
538
576
614
652
114
690
729
767
805
843
881
918
956
994
*032
115
06070
108
145
183
221
258
296
333
371
408
116
446
483
521
558
595
633
670
707
744
781
117
819
856
893
930
967
*004
*041
*078
*115
*151
118
07188
225
262
298
335
372
408
445
482
518
119
555
591
628
664
700
737
773
809
846
882
120
918
954
990
*027
*063
*099
*135
*171
*207
*243
121
08279
314
350
386
422
458
493
529
565
600
122
636
672
707
743
778
814
849
884
920
955
123
991
*026
*061
*096
*132
*167
*202
*237
*272
*307
124
09342
377
412
447
482
517
552
587
621
656
125
691
726
760
795
830
864
899
934
968
*003
126
10037
072
106
140
175
209
243
278
312
346
127
380
415
449
483
517
551
585
619
653
687
128
721
755
789
823
857
890
924
958
992
*025
129
11059
093
126
160
193
227
261
294
327
361
130
394
428
461
494
528
561
594
628
661
694
131
727
760
793
826
860
893
926
959
992
*024
132
12057
090
123
156
189
222
254
287
320
352
133
385
418
450
483
516
548
581
613
646
678
134
710
713
775
808
840
872
905
937
969
*001
135
13033
066
098
130
162
194
226
258
290
322
136
354
386
418
450
481
513
545
577
609
640
137
672
704
735
7G7
799
830
862
893
925
956
138
988
*019
*051
*082
*114
*145
*176
*208
*239 *270
139
14301
333
364
395
426
457
489
520
551
582
LOGARITHMS.
171
0
1
a
3
*
5
6
7
8
9
140
14G13
644
675
706 | 737
768
799
829
860
891
141
922
953
983
*014 *045
*076
*106
*137
*]98
142
15229
259
290
320
351
381
412
442
473
503
143
534
564
594
625
655
685
715
746
776
806
144
836
866
897
927
957
987
*017
*047
*077
*107
145
16137
167
197
227
256
286
316
346
376
406
146
435
465
495
524
554
584
613
643
673
702
147
732
761
791
820
850
879
909
938
967
997
148
17026
056
085
114
143
173
202
231
260
289
149
319
348
377
406
435
464
493
52-2
551
580
150
609
638
667
696
725
754
782
811
840
869
151
898
926
955
984
*013
*041
*070
*099
*127
*156
152
18184
213
241
270
298
327
355
384
412
441
153
469
498
526
554
583
611
639
667
696
724
154
752
780
808
837
865
893
921
949
977
*005
155
19033
061
089
117
145
173
201
229
257
285
156
312
340
368
396
424
451
479
507
535
562
157
590
618
645
673
700
728
756
783
811
838
158
866
893
921
948
976
*003
*030
*058
*085
*112
159
20140
167
194
222
249
276
303
330
358
385
160
412
439
466
493
520
548
575
602
629
656
161
683
710
737
763
790
817
844
871
898
925
162
952
978
*005
*032
*059
*085
*112
*139
*165
*192
163
21219
245
272
299
325
352
378
405
431
458
164
484
511
537
564
590
617
643
669
696
722
165
748
775
801
827
854
880
906
932
958
985
166
22011
037
063
089
115
141
167
194
220
246
167
272
298
324
350
376
401
427
453
479
505
168
531
557
583
608
634
660
686
712
737
763
169
789
814
840
866
891
917
943
968
994
*019
170
23045
070
096
121
147
172
198
223
249
274
171
300
325
350
376
401
426
452
477
502
528
172
553
578
603
629
654
679
704
729
754
779
173
805
830
855
880
905
930
955
980
*005
*030
174
24055
080
105
130
155
180
204
229
254
279
175
304
329
353
378
403
428
452
477
502
527
176
551
576
601
625
650
674
699
724
748
773
177
797
822
846
871
895
920
944
969
993
*018
178
25042
066
091
115
139
164
188
212
237
261
179
285
310
334
358
382
406
431
455
479
503
172
LOGARITHMS.
0
1
a
3
4
5
6
7
8
«
180
25527
551
575
600
624
648
672
696
720
744
181
768
792
816
840
864
888
912
935
959
983
182
26007
031
055
079
102
126
150
174
198
221
183
245
269
293
316
340
364
387
411
435
458
184
482
505
529
553
576
600
623
647
670
694
185
717
741
764
788
811
834
858
881
905
928
186
951
975
998
*021
*045
*OG8
*091
*114
*138
*161
187
27184
207
231
254
277
300
323
346
370
393
188
416
439
462
485
508
531
554
577
600
623
189
646
669
692
715
738
761
784
807
830
852
190
875
898
921
944
967
989
*012
*035
*058
*081
191
28103
126
149
171
194
217
240
262 '
285
307
192
330
353
375
398
421
443
466
488
511
533
193
556
578
601
623
646
668
691
713
735
758
194
780
803
825
847
870
892
914
937
959
981
195
29003
026
048
070
092
115
137
159
181
203
196
226
248
270
292
314
336
358
380
403
425
197
447
469
491
513
535
557
579
601
623
645
198
667
688
710
732
754
776
798
820
842
863
199
885
907
929
951
973
994
*016
*038
*060
*081
200
30103
125
146
168
190
211
233
255
276
298
201
320
341
363
384
406
428
449
471
492
514
202
535
557
578
600
621
643
664
685
707
728
203
750
771
792
814
835
856
878
899
920
942
204
963
984
*006
*027
*048
*069
*091
*112
*133
*154
205
31175
197
218
239
260
281
302
323
345
366
206
387
408
429
450
471
492
513
534
555
576
207
597
618
639
660
681
702
723
744
765
785
208
806
827
848
869
890
911
931
952
973
994
209
32015
035
056
077
098
118
139
160
181
201
210
222
243
263
284
305
325
346
366
387
408
211
428
449
469
490
510
531
552
572
593
613
212
634
654
675
695
715
736
756
777
797
818
213
838
858
879
899
919
940
960
980
*001
*021
214
33041
062
082
102
122
143
163
183
203
224
215
244
264
284
304
325
345
365
385
405
425
216
445
465
486
506
526
546
566
586
606
626
217
646
666
686
706
726
746
766
786
806
826
218
846
866
885
905
925
945
965
985
*005
*025
219
,34044
064
084
104
124
143
163
183
203
223
LOGARITHMS.
173
0
1
a
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
220
34242
262
282
301
321
341
361
380
400
420
221
439
459
479
498
518
537
557
577
596
616
222
635
655
674
694
713
733
753
772
792
811
223
830
850
869
889
908
928
947
967
986
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35025
044
064
083
102
122
141
160
180
199
225
218
238
257
276
295
315
334
353
372
392
226
411
430
449
468
488
507
526
545
564
583
•2-27
603
622
641
660
679
698
717
736
755
774
228
793
813
832
851
870
889
908
927
946
965
229
984
*003
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*078
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*116
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230
36173
192
211
229
248
267
286
305
324
342
231
361
380
399
418
436
455
474
493
511
530
232
549
568
586
605
624
642
661
680
698
717
233
736
754
773
791
810
829
847
866
884
903
234
922
940
959
977
996
*014
*033
*051
*070
*088
285
37107
125
144
162
181
199
218
236
254
273
236
291
310
328
346
365
383
401
420
438
457
237
475
493
511
530
548
566
585
603
621
639
238
658
676
694
712
731
749
767
785
803
822
239
840
858
876
894
912
931
949
967
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240
38021
039
057
075
093
112
130
148
166
184
241
202
220
238
256
274
292
310
328
346
364
242
382
399
417
435
453
471
489
507
525
543
243
561
578
596
614
632
650
668
686
703 721
244
739
757
775
792
810
828
846
863
881 899
245
917
934
952
970
987
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246
39094
111
129
146
164
182
199
217
235
252
247
270
287
305
322
340
358
375
393
410
428
248
445
463
480
498
515
533
550
568
585
602
249
620
637
655
672
690
707
724
742
759
777
250
794
811
829
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863
881
898
915
933
950
251
967
*002
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*123
2.V2
40140
157
175
192
209 226
243
261
278
295
253
312
329
346
364
381 398
415
432
449
466
254
483
500
518
535
552
569
586
603
620
637
255
654
671
688
705
722
739
756
773
790
807
256
824
841
858
875
909
926
943
960
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258
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179
196
212
229 246
263
280
296
313
259
330
347
363
380
397
414
430
447
464
481
174
LOGARITHMS.
0
1
a
3
4
5
0
7
8
9
260
41497
514
53]
547
564
581
597
614
631
647
261
664
681
697
714
731
747
764
780
797
814
262
830
847
863
880
896
913
929
946
963
979
263
996
*012
*029
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264
42160
177
193
210
226
243
259
275
292
308
265
325
341
357
374
390
406
423
439
455
-172
266
488
504
521
537
553
570
586
602
619
635
267
651
667
684
700
716
732
749
765
781
797
268
813
830
846
862
878
894
911
927
943
959
269
975
991
*008
*024
*040
*056
*072
*088
*104
*120
270
43136
152
169
185
201
217
233
249
265
281
271
297
313
329
345
361
377
393
409
425
441
272
457
473
489
505
521
537
553
569
584
600
273
616
632
648
664
680
696
712
727
743
759
274
775
791
807
823
838
854
870
886
902
917
275
933
949
965
981
996
*012
*028
*044
*059
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276
44091
107
122
138
154
170
185
201
217
232
277
248
264
279
295
311
326
342
358
373
389
278
404
420
436
451
467
483
498
514
529
545
279
560
576
592
607
623
638
654
669
685
700
280
716
731
747
762
778
793
809
824
840
855
281
871
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917
932
948
963
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282
45025
040
056
071
086
102
117
133
148
163
283
179
194
209
225
240
255
271
286
301
317
284
332
347
362
378
393
408
423
439
454
469
285
484
500
515
530
545
561
576
591
606
621
286
637
652
667
682
697
712
728
743
758
773
287
788
803
818
834
849
864
879
894
909
924
288
939
954
969
984
*000
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*030
*045
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289
46090
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
290
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
359
374
291
389
404
419
434
449
464
479
494
509
523
292
538
553
568 583
598
613
627
642
657
672
293
687
702
:n; 7;n
746
761
776
790
805
820
294
835
850
864
879
894
909
923
938
953
967
295
982
997
*012
*026
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296
47129
1 1 1
159
173
188
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217
232
246
261
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276
290
305
319
334
349
363
378
392
407
298
422
436
451
465
480
494
509
524
538
;>:>:\
299
567
582
596
611
625
640
<;:> i
669
683
698
LOGARITHMS.
175
0
1
3
3
4
5
ft
7
8
9
300
47712
727
741
756
770
784
799
813
828
842
301
857
871
885
900
914
929
943
958
972
986
302
48001
015
029
044
058
073
087
101
116
130
303
144
159
173
187
202
216
230
244
259
273
304
287
302
316
330
344
359
373
387
401
416
305
430
444
458
473
487
501
516
530
544
558
306
572 i 586
601
615
629
643
657
671
686
700
307
714
728
742
756
770
785
799
813
827
841
308
855
869
883
897
911
926
940
954
968
982
309
996
*010
*024
*038
*052
*066
*080
*094
*108
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310
49136
150
164
178
192
206
220
234
248
262
311
276
290
304
318
332
346
360
374
388
402
312
415
429
443
457
471
485
499
513
527
541
313
554
568
582
596
610
624
638
651
665
679
314
693
707
721
734
748
762
776
790
803
817
315
831
845
859
872
886
900
914
927
941
955
316
969
982
996
*010
*024
*037
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*065
*079
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317
50106
120
133
147
161
174
188
202
215
229
318
243
256
270
284
297
311
325
338
352
365
319
379
393
406
420
433
447
461
474
488
501
320
515
529
542
556
569
583
596
610
623
637
321
651
664
678
691
705
718
732
745
759
772
322
786
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813
826
840
853
866
880
893
907
323
920
934
947
961
974
987
*001
*014
*028
*041
324
51055
068
081
095
108
121
135
148
162
175
325
188
202
215
228
242
255
268
282
295
308
326
322
335
348
362
375
388
402
415
428
441
327
455
468
481
495
508
521
534
548
561
574
328
587
601
614
627
640
654
667
680
693
706
329
720
733
746
759
772
786
799
812
B*f
838
330
851
865
878
891
904
917
930
943
957
970
331
983
996
*009
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*075
*088
101
332
52114
127
140
153
166
179
192
205
218
231
3.33
244
257
270
284
297
310
323
336
349
362
334
375
388
401
414
427
440
453
466
479
492
335
504
517
530
543
556
569
582
595
608
621
336
634
647
660
673
686
699
711
724
737
750
337
763
776
789
802
815
827
840
853
866
879
338
892
905
917
930
943
956
969
982
994
007
339
53020
033
046
058
071
084
097
110
122
135
17G
LOGARITHMS.
0
1
a
3
l
5
6
r
8
0
340
53148
161
173
186
199
212
224
237
250
•_><;:{
34 i
275
288
301
314
326
339
352
364
377
390
342
403
415
428
441
453
466
479
491
504
517
343
529
542
555
567
580
598
605
618
$31
648
344
656
668
681
694
706
719
732
744
757
76$
345
782
794
807
820
832
845
857
870
882
895
346
908
920
933
945
958
970
983
995
*008
•020
347
54033
045
058
070
083
095
108
120
133
145
348
158
170
183
195
208
220
233
245
258
270
349
283
295
307
320
332
345
357
370
382
394
350
407
419
432
444
456
469
481
494
506
518
351
531
543
555
568
580
593
605
617
630
642
352
654
667
679
691
704
716
728
741
753
765
353
111
790
802
814
827
839
851
864
876
888
354
900
913
925
937
949
962
974
986
998
*011
355
55023
035
047
060
072
084
096
108
121
133
356
145
157
169
182
194
206
218
230
242
255
357
267
279
291
303
315
328
340
352
364
376
358
388
400
413
425
437
449
461
473
485
497
359
509
522
534
546
558
570
582
594
606
618
360
630
642
654
666
678
691
703
715
727
739
361
751
763
775
787
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362
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363
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*003
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364
56110
122
134
146
158
170
182
194
205
217
365
229
241
253
265
277
289
301
312
324
336
366
348
360
372
384
396
407
419
431
443
455
367
467
478
490
502
514
526
538
549
561
573
368
585
597
608
620
632
644
656
667
679
691
369
703
714
726
738
750
761
773
785
797
808
.
370
820
832
844
855
867
879
891
902
914
926
371
937
949
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984
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*008
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*031
*043
372
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066
078
089
101
113
124
136
148
159
373
171
183
194
206
217
229
241
258
264
276
374
287
299
310
322
334
345
357
368
380
392
375
403
415
426
438
449
461
473
484
496
507
376
519
530
542
553
565
576
588
600
611
623
377
634
646
657
669
680
692
703
715
726
73 S
378
749
761
772
784
795
807
818
830
841
852
379
864
875
887
898
910
921
933
944
955
967
LOGARITHMS.
177
O
1
%
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
380
57978
990
*001
*013
*024 *035
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r.si
58092
104
115
127
138 i 149
161
172
184
195
206
218
229
240
852
263
274
286
297
309
320
331
343
354
365
377
388
399
410
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384
433
444
456
467
478
490
501
512
524
535
385
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557
569
580
591
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614
625
636
647
659
670
681
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726
737
749
760
387
771
782
794
805
81G
827
838
850
861
872
388
883
894
906
917
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961
973
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389
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*006
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300
59106
118
129
140
151
162
173
184
195
207
391
218
229
240
251
262
273
284
295
306
318
392
329
340
351
362
373 ' 384
85)5
406
417
428
393
439
450
461
472
483
494
506
517
528
539
394
550
561
572
583
594
605
616
627
638
649
395
660
671
682
693
704
715
726
737
748
759
396
770
780
791
802
813
824
835
846
857
868
397
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890
901
912
923
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398
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399
60097
108
119
130
141
152
163
173
184
195
400
206
217
22s
239
249
260
271
282
293
304
401
314
325
336
347
358
369
379
390
401
412
402
423
433
444
455
466
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487
498
509
520
403
531
541
552
563
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584
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606
617
627
404
638
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660
670
681
692
703
713
724
735
405
746
756
767
778
788
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810
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408
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077
087
098
109
119
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151
162
409
172
183
194
204
215
225
236
217
207
268
410
278
289
300
310
321
331
342
352
363
374
411
384
395
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416
426
437
448
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479
412
490
500
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637
648
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414
700
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721
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763
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784
794
415
805
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138
149
159
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180
190
201
211
419
221
232
242
252
263
273
284
294
304
315
178
LOGARITHMS.
0
l
a
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
420
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346
356
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104
114
124
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236
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246
256
266
276
286
296
306
317
327
337
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347
357
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108
118
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137
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147
157
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177
187
197
207
217
227
237
439
246
256
266
276
286
296
306
316
326
335
440
345
355
365
375
385
395
404
414
424
431
441
444
454
464
473
483
493
503
513
523
5:12
442
542
552
562
572
582
591
601
611
621
631
443
640
650
660
670
680
689
699
709
719
729
444
738
748
758
768
777
787
797
807
816
826
445
836
846
856
865
875
885
895
904
914
924
446
933
943
953
963
972
982
992
*002
*011
*021
447
65031
040
050
060
070
079
089
099
108
118
448
128
137
147
157
167
176
186
196
205
215
449
225
234
244
254
263
273
283
292
302
312
450
321
331
341
350
360
369
379
389
398
408
451
418
427
437
447
456
466
475
485
495
504
452
514
523
533
543
552
562
571
581
591
600
453
610
619
629
639
648
658
667
677
686
696
454
706
715
725
734
744
753
763
772
782
792
455
801
811
820
830
839
849
858
868
877
887
456
896
906
916
925
935
944
954
963
973
982
457
992
*001
*011
*020
*030
*OS9
*049
*058
*068
*077
458
66087
096
106
115
124
134
143
153
162
172
459
181
191
200
210
219
229
238
247
257
266
LOGARITHMS.
179
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
400
66276
285
295
304
314
323
332
342
351
361
461
370
380
389
398
403
417
427
436
445
455
462
464
474
483
492
502
511
521
530
539
549
463
558
567
577
586
596
605
614
624
633
642
464
652
661
671
680
689
699
708
717
727
736
465
745
755
764
773
783
792
801
811
820
829
466
839
848
857
867
876
885
894
904
913
922
467
932
941
950
960
969
978
987
997
*006
*015
468
67025
034
043
052
062
071
080
089
099
108
469
117
127
136
145
154
164
173
182
191
201
470
210
219
228
237
247
256
265
274
284
293
471
302
311
321
330
339
348
357
367
376
385
472
394
403
413
422
431
440
449
459
468
477
473
486
495
504
514
523
532
541
550
560
569
474
578
587
596
605
614
624
633
642
651
660
47:>
669
679
688
697
706
715
724
733
742
752
476
761
770
779
788
797
806
815
825
834
843
477
852
861
870
879
888
897
906
916 925
934
478
943
952
961
970
979
988
997
*006 *015
*024
479
68034
043
052
061
070
079
088
097
106
115
480
124
133
142
151
160
169
178
187
196
205
481
215
224
233
242
251
260
269
278
287
296
482
305
314
323
332
341
350
359
368
377
386
483
395
404
413
422
431
440
449
458
467
476
484
485
494
502
511
520
529
538
547
556
565
485
574
583
592
601
610
619
628
637
646
655
486
664
673
681
690
699
708
717
726
735
744
4S7
753
762
771
780
789
797
806
815
824
833
488
842
851
860
869
878
886
895
904
913
922
489
931
940
949
958
966
975
984
993
*002
*011
490
69020
028
037
046
055
064
073
082
090
099
491
108
117
126
135
144
152
161
170
179
188
492
197
205
214
223
232
241
249
258
267
276
493
285
294
302
311
320
329
.338
346
355
364
494
373
381
390
399
408
417
425
434
443
452
495
461
469
478
487
496
504
513
522
531
539
496
548
557
566
574
583
592
601
609
618
627
497
636
644
653
662
671
679
688
697
705
714
4!>S
7 2.°>
732
740
749
758
767
775
784
793
801
499
810
819
827
836
845
854
862
871
880
888
180
LOGARITHMS.
0
1
2
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
500
69897
906
914
923
932
940
949
958
%0
975
501
984
992
*001
*010
*018
*027
*036
#044
*053 *0fi2
502
70070
079
088
096
105
114
122
131
140
148
503
157
165
174
183
191
200
209
217
226
234
504
243
252
260
269
278
286
295
303
312
321
505
329
338
346
355
364
372
381
389
398
406
506
415
424
432
441
449
458
467
475
484
492
507
501
509
518
526
535
544
552
561
569
578
508
586
595
603
612
621
629
638
646
655
663
509
672
680
689
697
706
714
723
731
740
749
510
757
766
774
783
791
800
808
817
825
834
511
842
851
859
868
876
885
893
902
910
919
512
927
935
944
952
961
969
978
986
995
*003
513
71012
020
029
037
046
054
063
071
079
088
514
096
105
113
122
130
139
147
155
164
172
515
181
189
198
206
214
223
231
240
248
257
516
265
273
282
290
299
307
315
324
332
341
517
349
357
366
374
383
391
399
408
416
425
518
433
541
450
458
466
475
483
492
500
508
519
517
525
533
542
550
559
567
575
584
592
520
600
609
617
625
634
642
650
1>59
667
675
521
684
692
700
709
717
725
734
742
750 759
522
767
775
784
792
800
809
817
825
834 1 842
523
850
858
867
875
883
892
900
908
917 1 925
524
933
941
950
958
966
975
983
991
999
*008
525
72016
024
032
041
049
057
066
074
082
090
526
099
107
115
123
132
140
148
156
165
173
527
181
189
198
206
214
222
230
239
247
255
528
263
272
280
288
296
304
313
321
329
337
529
346
354
362
370
378
387
395
403
411
419
530
428
436
444
452
460
469
477
485
493
501
531
509
518
526
534
542
550
558
567
575
583
532
591
599
607
616
624
632
640
648
656
(565
533
673
681
689
697
705
713
722
730
738
746
534
754
762
770
779
787
795
803
811
819
827
535
835
843
852
860
868
876
884
892
900
908
536
916
925
933
941
949
957
965
973
981
989
537
997
*006
*014
*022
*030
*038
*046
*054
•062
*070
:>:?8
73078
086
094
102
111
119
127
135
143
151
539
159
167
175
183
191
199
207
215
223
231
LOGARITHMS.
181
0
1
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
540
73239
247
255
263
272
280
288 296
304
312
541
320
328
336
344
352
360
368 376
384
392
542
400
408
416
424
432
440
448 456
464
472
543
480
488
496
504
512
520
528
536
544
552
544
560
568
576
584
592
600
608
616
624
632
545
640
648
656
664
672
679
687
695
703
711
546
719
727
735
743
751
759
767
775
783
791
547
799
807
815
823
830
838
846
854
862
870
548
878
886
894
902
910
918
926
933
941
949
549
957
965
973
981
989
997
*005
*013
*020
*028
550
74036
044
052
060
068
076
084
092
099
107
551
115
123
131
139
147
155
162
170
178
186
552
194
202,
210
218
225
233
241
249
257
265
553
273
280
288
296
304
312
320
327
335
343
554
351
359
367
374
382
390
398
406
414
421
555
429
437
445
453
461
468
476
484
492
500
556
507
515
523
531
539
547
554
562
570
578
557
586
593
601
609
617
624
632
640
648
656
558
663
671
679
687
695
702
710
718
726
733
559
741
749
757
764
772
780
788
796
803
811
560
819
827
834
842
850
858
865
873
881
889
561
896
904
912
920
927
935
943
950
958
966
562
974
981
989
997
*005
*012
*020
*028
*035
*043
563
75051
059
066
074
082
089
097
105
113
120
564
128
136
143
151
159
166
174
182
189
197
565
205
213
220
228
236
243
251
259
266
274
566
282
289
297
305
312
320
328
335
343
351
567
358
366
374
381
389
397
404
412
420
427
568
435
442
450
458
465
473
481
488
496
504
569
511
519
526
534
542
549
557
565
572
580
570
587
595
603
610
618
626
633
641
648
656
571
664
671
679
686
694
702
709
717
724
732
572
740
747
755
762
770
778
785
793
800
808
573
815
823
831
838
846
853
861
868
876
884
574
891
899
906
914
921
929
937
944
952
959
575
967
974
982
989
997
*005
*012
*020
*027
*035
576
76042
050
057
065
072
080
087
095
103
110
577
118
125
133
140
148
155
163
170
178
185
578
193
200
208
215
223
230
238
245
253
260
579
268
275
283
290
298
305
313
320
328
335
182
LOGARITHMS.
o
1
•
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
580
76343
350
358
365
373
380
388
395
403
410
581
418
425
433
440
448
455
462
470
477
485
582
492
500
507
515
522
530
537
545
552
559
583
567
574
582
589
597
604
612
619
626
634
584
641
649
656
664
671
678
OS'G
693
701
708
585
716
723
730
738
745
753
760
768
775
782
586
790
797
805
812
819
827
834
842
849
856
587
864
871
879
886
893
901
908
916
929
936
588
938
945
953
960
967
975
982
989
997
*0()4
589
77012
019
026
034
041
048
056
063
070
078
590
085
093
100
107
115
122
129
137
144
ir>i
591
159
166
173
181
188
195
203
210
•217
225
592
232
240
247
254
262
269
276
283
291
298
593
305
313
320
327
335
342
349
357
364
371
594
379
386
393
401
408
415
422
430
437
•1 11
595
452
459
466
474
481
488
495
503
510
517
596
525
532
539
546
554
561
568
576
583
590
597
597
605
612
619
627
634
641
648
656
663
598
670
677
685
692
699
706
714
721
728
735
599
743
750
757
764
772
779
786
793
801
808
600
815
822
830
837
844
851
859
866
873
880
601
887
895
902
909
916
924
931
938
945
952
602
960
967
974
981
988
996
*003
*010
*017
*025
603
78032
039
046
053
061
068
075
082
(IS!)
097
604
104
111
118
125
132
140
147
154
161
168
605
176
183
190
197
204
211
219
226
233
240
606
247
254
262
269
276
283
290
297
305
312
607
319
326
333
340
347
355
362
369
376
383
608
390
398
405
412
419
426
433
440
447
455
609
462
469
476
483
490
497
504
512
519
526
610
533
540
547
554
561
569
576
583
590
597
611
604
611
618
625
633
640
647
654
661
668
612
675
682
689
696
704
711
718
725
732
739
613
746
753
760
767
774
781
789
796
80S
810
614
817
824
831
838
845
852
859
866
873
880
615
888
895
902
909
916
923
930
937
!UI
9, 51
616
958
965
972
979
986
993
*000
*007
*014
*021
617
79029
036
043
050
057
064
071
078
085
092
618
099
106
113
120
127
134
141
148
i f,r>
162
619
169
176
183
190
197
204
211
218
225
232
LOGARITHMS.
183
0
1
3
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
620
79239 216
253
260
267
274
281
288
295
302
621
309 316
323
330
337
344
351
358
365
372
622
379
386
393
400
407
414
421
428
435
442
623
449
456
463
470
477
484
491
498
505
511
624
518
525
532
539
546
553
560
567
574
581
8*6
588
595
602
609
616
623
630
637
644
650
62G
657 G64
671
678
685
692
699
706
713
720
S27
727
734
741
748
754
761
768
775
782
789
628
796 i 803
810
817
824
831
837
844
851
858
629
865
872
879
886
893
900
906
913
920
927
630
934
941
948
955
962
969
975
982
989
996
631
80003
010
017
024
030
037
044
051
058
065
632
072
079
085
092
099
106
113
120
127
134
633
140
147
154
161
168
175
182
188
195
202
63-i
209
216
223
229
236
243
250
257
264
271
635
277
284
291
298
305
312
318
325
332
339
•63(J
346
353
359
366
373
380
387
393
400
407
637
414
421
428
434
441
448
455
462
468
475
638
482
489
496
502
509
516
523
530
536
543
639
550
557
564
570
577
584
591
598
604
611
640
618
625
632
638
645
652
659
665
672
679
641
686
693
699
706
713
720
726
733
740
747
642
754
760
767
774
781
787
794
801
808
814
643
821
828
835
841
848
855
862
868
8/5
882
644
889
895
902
909
916
922
929
936
943
949
645
956
963
969
976
983
990
996 *003
*010
*017
646
81023
030
037
043
050
057
064
070
077
084
647
090
097
104
111
117
124
131
137
144
151
648
158
164
171
178
184
191
198
204
211
218
649
224
231
238
245
251
258
265
271
278
285
650
291
298
305
311
318
325
331
338
345
351
651
358
365
371
378
385
391
398
405
411
418
652
425
431
438
445
451
458
465
471
478
4 So
653
491
498
505
511
518
525
531
538
544
551
654
558
564
571
578
584
591
598
604
611
617
655
624
631
637
644
651
657
664
671
677
(184
656
690
697
704
710
717
723
730
737
743
750
657
757
763
770
776
783
790
796
803
809
81 G
658
823
829
836
842
849
856
862
869
875
882
659
889
895
902
908
915
921
928
935
941
948
184
LOGARITHMS.
0
1
a
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
660
81954
961
968
974
981
987
994
*0( '
403
410
661
82020
027
033
040
046
053
060
OG« : ;?7,
485
662
086
092
099
105
112
119
125
131 '5o?
559
663
151
158
164
171
178
184
191
197 20-*
634
664
217
223
230
236
243
249
256
263 ( J
708
665
282
289
295
302
308
315
321
o9l • 775
O Zi . n i n
7S2
666
347
354
360
367
373
380
387
on- 's'!l
O J r> . _ _ -
856
667
413
419
426
432
439
445
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070
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144
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149
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174
181
679
187
193
200
206
213
219
225
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238
245
680
251
257
264
270
276
283
289
296
302
308
681
315
321
327
334
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359
366
372
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385
391
398
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410
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684
506
512
518
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601
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613
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866
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067
693
073
080
086
092
098
105
111
117
123
130
694
136
142
148
155
161
167
173
180
186
192
605
198
205
211
217
223
230
236
242
248
255
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261
267
273
280
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292
298
305
311
317
697
323
330
336
342
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354
361
367
373
379
698
386
392
398
404
410
417
423
429
435
442
699
448
454
460
466
473
479
485
491
497
504
LOGARITHMS.
185
0 »
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
620
70939 i6
522
528
535
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547
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559
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625
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-., 948
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979
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077
083
089
095
101
107
114
120
630
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138
144
150
156
163
169
175
181
631
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199
205
211
217
224
230
236
242
632
07:254
260
266
272
278
285
291
297
303
633
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321
327
333
339
345
352
358
364
634
2 876
382
388
394
400
406
412
418
425
431
437
443
449
455
461
467
473
479
485
716
491
497
503
509
516
522
528
534
540
546
717
552
558
564
570
576
582
588
594
600
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718
612
618
625
631
637
643
649
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661
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727
0
720
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725
86034
040
046
052
058
064
070
076
082
088
726
094
100
106
112
118
124
130
136
141
147
727
153
159
165
171
177
183
189
195
201
207
728
213
219
225
231
237
243
249
255
261
267
729
273
279
285
291
297
303
308
314
320
326
730
332
338
344
350
356
362
368
374
380
386
731
392
398
404
410
415
421
427
433
439
445
732
451
457
463
469
475
481
487
493
499
504
733
510
516
522
528
534
540
546
552
558
564
734
570
576
581
587
593
599
605
611
617
623
735
629
635
641
646
652
658
664
670
676
682
736
688
694
700
705
711
717
723
729
735
741
737
747
753
759
764
770
776
782
788
794
800
738
806
812
817
823
829
835
841
847
853
859
739
864
870
876
882
888
894
900
906
911
917
186
LOGARITHMS.
0
I
3
3
*
5
6
7
8
9
740
86923
929
935
941
947
953
958
964
970
976
741
982
988
994
999
*005
*011
*017
*023
*029
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742
87040
046
052
058
064
070
075
081
087
093
743
099
105
111
116
122
128
134
140
146
151
744
157
163
169
175
181
186
192
198
204
210
745
216
221
227
233
239
245
251
256
262
268
746
274
280
286
291
297
303
309
315
320
326
747
332
338
344
349
355
361
367
373
379
384
748
390
396
402
408
413
419
425
431
437
442
749
448
454
460
466
471
477
483
489
495
500
750
506
512
518
523
529
535
541
547
552
558
751
564
570
576
581
587
593
599
604
610
616
752
622
628
633
639
645
651
656
662
668
674
753
679
685
691
697
703
708
714
720
726
731
754
737
743
749
754
760
766
772
777
783
789
755
795
800
806
812
818
823
829
835
841
846
756
852
858
864
869
875
881
887
992
898
904
757
910
915
921
927
933
938
944
950
955
961
758
967
973
978
984
990
996
*001
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*013
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759
88024
030
036
041
047
053
058
064
070
076
760
081
087
093
098
104
110
116
121
127
133
761
138
144
150
156
161
167
173
178
184
190
762
195
201
207
213
218
224
230
235
241
247
763
252
258
264
270
275
281
287
292
298
304
764
309
315
321
326
332
338
343
349
355
360
765
366
372
377
383
389
395
400
406
412
417
766
423
429
434
440
446
451
457
463
468
474
767
480
485
491
497
502
508
513
519
525
530
768
536
542
547
553
559
504
570
576
581
587
769
593
598
604
610
615
621
627
632
638
643
770
649
655
660
666
672
677
683
689
694
700
• 771
705
711
717
722
728
734
739
745
750
756
772
762
767
773
779
784
790
795
801
807
812
773
818
824
829
835
840
846
852
857
863
868
774
874
880
885
891
897
902
908
913
919
925
775
930
936
941
947
953
958
964
969
975
981
776
986
992
997
*003
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*014
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*025
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*o:57
777
89042
048
053
059
064
070
076
081
087
092
778
098
104
109
115
120
126
131
137
143
118
779
154
159
165
170
176
182
187
193
198
204
LOGARITHMS.
187
0
1
a
•
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
780
89209
215
221
226
232
237
243
248
254
260
781
265
271
276
282
287
293
298
304
310
315
782
321
326
332
337
343
348
354
360
365
371
783
376
382
387
393
398
404
409
415
421
426
784
432
437
443
448
454
459
465
470
476
481
785
487
492
498
504
509
515
520
526
531
537
786
542
548
553
559
564
570
575
581
586
592
787
597
603
609
614
620
625
631
636
642
647
788
653
658
664
669
675
680
686
691
697
702
789
708
713
719
724
730
735
741
746
752
757
790
763
768
774
779
785
790
796
801
807
812
791
818
823
829
834
840
845
851
856
862
867
.792
873
878
883
889
894
900
905
911
916
922
793
927
933
938
944
949
955
960
966
971
977
794
982
988
993
998
*004
*009
*015
*020
*026
*031
795
90037
042
048
053
059
064
069
075
080
086
796
091
097
102
108
113
119
124
129
135
140
797
146
151
157
162
168
173
179
184
189
195
798
200
206
211
217
222
227
233
238
244
249
799
255
260
266
271
276
282
287
293
298
304
800
309
314
320
325
331
336
342
347
352
358
801
363
369
374
380
385
390
396
401
407
412
802
417
423
428
434
339
445
450
455
461
466
803
472
477
482
488
493
499
504
509
515
520
804
526
531
536
542
547
553
558
563
569
574
805
580
585
590
596
601
607
612
617
623
628
806
634
639
644
650
655
660
666
671
677
682
807
687
693
698
703
709
714
720
725
730
736
808
741
747
752
757
763
768
773
779
784
789
809
795
800
806
811
816
822
827
832
838
843
810
849
854
859
865
870
875
881
886
891
897
811
902
907
913
818
924
929
934
940
945
950
812
956
961
966
972
977
982
988
993
998
*004
813
91009
014
020
025
030
036
041
046
052
057
814
062
068
073
078
084
089
094
100
105
110
815
116
121
126
132
137
142
148
153
158
164
816
169
174
180
185
190
196
201
206
212
217
817
222
228
233
238
243
249
254
259
265
270
818
275
281
386
291
297
302
307
312
318
323
819
328
334
339
344
350
355
360
365
371
376
188
LOGARITHMS.
0
1
3
3
•
5
|
7
8
9
820
91381
387
392
397
403
408
413
418
424
429
821
434
440
445
450
455
461
466
471
477
482
822
487
492
498
503
508
514
519
524
529
535
823
540
545
551
556
561
566
572
577
582
587
824
593
598
603
609
614
619
624
630
635
640
825
645
651
656
661
666
672
677
682
687
693
826
698
703
709
714
719
724
730
735
740
745
827
751
756
761
766
772
777
782
787
793
798
828
803
808
814
819
824
829
834
840
845
850
829
855
861
866
871
876
882
887
892
897
903
830
908
913
918
924
929
934
939
944
950
955
831
960
965
971
976
981
986
991
997
*002
*007
832
92012
018
023
028
033
038
044
049
054
059
833
065
070
075
080
085
091
096
101
106
111
834
117
122
127
132
137
143
148
153
158
163
835
169
174
179
184
189
195
200
205
210
215
836
221
226
231
236
241
247
252
257
262
267
837
273
278
283
288
293
298
304
309
314
319
838
324
330
335
340
345
350
355
361
366
371
839
376
381
387
392
397
402
407
412
418
423
840
428
433
438
443
449
454
459
464
469
474
841
480
485
490
495
500
505
511
516
521
526
842
531
536
542
547
552
557
562
567
572
578
843
583
588
593
598
603
609
614
619
624
629
844
634
639
645
650
655
660
665
670
675
681
845
686
691
696
701
706
711
716
722
727
732
846
737
742
747
752
758
763
768
773
778
783
847
788
793
799
804
809
814
819
824
829
834
848
840
845
850
855
860
865
870
875
881
886
849
891
896
901
906
911
916
921
927
932
937
850
942
947
952
957
962
967
973
978
983
988
851
993
998
*003
*008
*013
*018
*024
*029
*034
*039
852
93044
049
054
059
064
069
075
080
085
090
853
095
100
105
110
115
120
125
131
136
141
854
146
151
156
161
166
171
176
181
186
192
855
197
202
207
212
217
222
227
232
237
242
856
247
252
258
263
268
273
278
283
288
293
857
298
303
308
313
318
323
328
334
339
344
858
349
354
359
364
369
374
379
384
389
394
859
399
404
409
414
420
425
430
435
440
445
LOGARITHMS.
180
0
1
3
3
4
5
0
7
8
9
860
93450
455
460
465
470
475
480 I 485
490
495
861
500
505
510
515
520
526
531 ! 536
541
546
862
551
556
561
566
571
576
581 i 586
591
596
863
601
606
611
616
621
626
631 636
641
646
864
651
€56
661
666
671
676
682
687
692
Gl>7
865
702
707
712
717
722
727
732
737
742
747
866
75)
757
762
767
772
777
782
787
792
797
867
802
807
812
817
822
827
832
837
842
847
868
852
857
862
867
872
877
882
887
892
897
869
902
907
912
917
922
927
932
937
942
947
870
952
957
962
967
972
977
982
987
992
997
871
94002
007
012
017
022
027
032
037
042
047
872
052
057
062
067
072
077
082
086
091
096
873
101
roe
111
116
121
126
131
136
141
146
874
151
156
161
166
171
176
181
186
191
196
875
201
206
211
216
221
226
231
236
240
245
876
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
877
300
305
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
878
349
354
359
364
369
374
379
384
389
394
879
399
404
409
414
419
424
429
433
438
443
880
448
453
458
463
468
473
478
483
488
493
881
498
503
507
512
517
522
527
532
537
542
882
547
552
557
562
567
571
576
581
586
591
883
596
601
606
611
616
721
626
630
635
640
884
645
650
655
660
665
670
675
680
685
689
885
694
699
704
709
714
719
724
729
734
738
886
743
748
753
758
763
768
773
778
783
787
887
792
797
802
807
812
817
822
827
832
836
888
841
846
851
856
861
866
871
876
880
885
889
890
895
900
905
910
915
919
924
929
934
890
939
944
949
954
959
963
968
073
978
983
891
988
993
998
*002 *007
*012
*017
*022
*027
*032
892
95036
041
046
051
056
061
Otfii
071
075
080
893
085
090
095
100
105
109
114
119
124
129
894
134
139
143
148
153
158
163
168
173
177
895
182
187
192
197
202
207
211
216
2-21
226
896
231
236
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
274
897
279
284
289
294
299
303
308
313
318
423
898
328
S*J
337
342
347
352
357
361
366
371
899
376
381
386
390
395
400
405
410
415
419
100
LOGARITHMS.
o
1
a
3
1
5
G
7
8
0
900
95424
429
434
439
444
448
453
458
463
468
901
472
477
482
487
492
497
501
506
511
516
902
521
525
530
535
540
545
550
554
559
564
903
569
574
578
583
588
593
598
602
607
612
904
617
622
626
631
636
641
646
650
655
660
905
665
670
674
679
684
689
694
698
703
708
906
713
718
722
727
732
737
742
746
751
756
907
761
766
770
775
780
785
789
794
799
804
908
809
813
818
823
828
832
837
842
847
852
909
856
861
866
871
875
880
885
890
895
899
910
904
909
914
918
923
928
933
938
942
947
911
952
957
961
966
971
976
980
985
990
995
912
999
*004
*009
*014
*019
*023
*028
*033
*038
*042
913
96047
052
057
061
066
071
076
080
085
090
914
095
099
104
109
114
118
123
128
133
137
915
142
147
152
156
161
166
171
175
180
185
916
190
194
199
204
209
213
218
223
227
232
917
237
242
246
251
256
261
265
270
275
280
918
284
289
294
298
303
308
313
317
322
327
919
332
336
341
346
350
355
360
365
369
374
920
379
384
388
393
398
402
407
412
417
421
921
426
431
435
440
445
450
454
459
464
468
922
473
478
483
487
492
497
501
506
511
515
923
520
525
530
534
539
544
548
553
558
562
924
567
572
577
581
586
591
595
600
605
609
925
614
619
624
628
633
638
642
647
652
656
926
661
666
670
675
680
685
689
694
699
703
927
708
713
717
722
727
731
736
741
745
750
928
755
759
764
769
774
778
783
788
792
797
929
802
806
811
816
820
825
830
834
839
844
930
848
853
858
862
867
872
876
881
886
890
931
895
900
904
909
914
918
923
928
932
937
932
942
946
951
956
960
965
970
974
979
984
933
988
993
997
*002
*007
*011
*016
*021
*025
*030
934
97035
039
044
049
053
058
063
067
072
077
935
081
086
090
095
100
104
109
114
118
123
936
128
132
137
142
146
151
155
160
165
169
937
174
179
183
188
192
197
202
206
211
216
938
220
225
230
234
239
243
248
253
257
262
939
267
271
276
280
285
290
294
299
304
308
LOGARITHMS.
191
0
1
a
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
940
97313
317
322
327
331
336
340
345
350
354
941
359
364
368
373
377
382
387
391
396
400
942
405
410
414
419
424
428
433
437
442
447
943
451
456
460
465
470
474
479
483
488
493
944
497
502
506
511
516
520
525
529
534
539
945
543
548
552
557
562
566
571
575
580
585
946
589
594
598
603
607
612
617
621
626
630
947
635
640
644
649
653
658
663
667
672
676
948
681
685
690
695
699
704
708
713
717
722
949
727
731
736
740
745
749
754
759
763
768
950
772
777
782
786
791
795
800
804
809
813
951
818
823
827
832
836
841
845
850
855
859
952
864
868
873
877
882
886
891
896
900
905
953
909
914
918
923
928
932
937
941
946
950
954
955
959
964
968
973
978
982
987
991
996
955
98000
005
009
014
019
023
028
032
037
041
956
046
050
055
959
064
068
073
078
082
087
957
091
096
100
105
109
114
118
123
127
132
958
137
141
146
150
155
159
164
168
173
177
959
182
186
191
195
200
204
209
214
218
223
960
227
232
236
241
245
250
254
259
2G3
268
961
272
277
281
286
290
295
299
304
308
313
962
318
322
327
331
336
340
345
349
354
358
963
363
367
372
376
381
385
390
394
399
403
964
408
412
417
421
426
430
435
439
444
448
965
453
457
462
466
471
475
480
484
489
493
966
498
502
507
511
516
520
525
529
534
538
967
543
547
552
556
561
565
570
574
579
583
968
588
592
597
601
605
610
614
6l9
623
628
969
632
637
641
646
650
655
659
664
668
673
970
677
682
686
691
695
700
704
709
713
717
971
722
726
731
735
740
744
749
753
758
762
;»;•_>
767
771
776
780
784
789
793
798
802
807
973
811
816
820
825
829
834
838
843
847
851
974
856
860
865
869
874
878
883
887
892
896
975
900
905
909
914
918
923
927
932
936
941
976
945
949
954
958
963
967
972
976
981
985
977
989
994
998
*003
*007
*012
*016
*021
*025
*029
978
99034
038
043
047
052
056
061
065
069
074
979
078
083
087
092
096
100
105
109
114
118
192
LOGARITHMS.
0
1
a
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
980
99123
127
131
136
140
145
149
154
158
162
981
167
171
176
180
185
189
193
198
202
207
982
211
216
220
224
229
233
238
242
247
251
983
255
260
264
269
273
277
282
286
291
295
984
300
304
308
313
317
322
326
330
335
339
985
344
348
352
357
361
366
370
374
379
383
986
388
392
396
401
405
410
414
419
423
427
987
432
436
441
445
449
454
458
463
467
471
988
476
480
484
489
493
498
502
506
511
515
989
520
524
528
533
537
542
546
550
555
559
990
564
568
572
577
581
585
590
594
599
603
991
607
612
616
621
625
629
634
638
642
647
992
651
656
660
664
669
673
677
682
686
691
993
695
699
704
708
712
717
721
726
730
734
994
739
743
747
752
756
760
765
769
774
778
995
782
787
791
795
800
804
808
813
817
822
996
826
830
835
839
843
848
852
856
861
865
997
870
874
878
883
887
891
896
900
904
909
998
913
917
922
926
930
935
939
944
948
952
999
957
961
965
970
974
978
983
987
991
996
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